IlllKOIS HISTORICAL SURVEY
 
 PVNNALS OF 
 
 )BOR and INDUSTRY 
 
 • IN ilUNOIS 
 
 La 
 
 COMPILED BY 
 
 J
 
 THE 
 
 AMALS OF LABOR AND INDUSTRY IN ILLINOIS 
 
 for 
 
 January, February, and March, 1890 
 
 WE LIBRARY OF THE 
 
 ^^"^ 23 1940 
 
 WlVEBSJTyOFlUjNOIS 
 
 Conpiled "by the 
 
 ILLINOIS WRITERS' PROJECT 
 
 of the 
 
 WORK PROJECTS ADMINISTRATION 
 (Illinois) 
 
 Chicago, Illinois 
 1939
 
 
 ^^LL. /V/S^/ Sc//eu^- 
 
 FORE.TORD FOR ANNALS OF LABOR AND IKDUSTRY 
 
 The W.P.A. Writers' Program affords an opportunity for 
 extensive research work in the general field of social history. 
 The Illinois Project has directed the energies of a large number 
 of its workers toward the collection from newspaper files of 
 items of importance and interest in certain specific fields. 
 Among these is the field of the history of- labor and industry in 
 Illinois, represented by the present volume. Here are assembled 
 the most valuable items collected from files of 30 periodicals 
 for the period January, February, and March 1890. Those items 
 are presented chronologically without editorial comment or inter- 
 pretation. They have been selected objectively for their 
 intrinsic value as data for the social historian. As such, and 
 as a candid camera view of the life of the period for the general 
 reader, I believe thst they possess positive value. 
 
 This book, the first of a long series contemplated in 
 this field, for which the research is r'.lready complete, represents 
 a small portion of the work of each of a large number of members 
 of the Project. I wish to express my very sincere appreciation 
 of the loyal and active interest of this group as a whole, and of 
 its individual members. Among these I wish to mention specifi- 
 cally Carroll ■i'/haley, editor in charge, and the following members 
 of the research staff: 
 
 Jack Balch, Ray Baum, Louis Bettelheim, Ray Brisendine, 
 Wm. Bryant, Herbert Caro, Ethel Chase, Beulah DeVard, 
 Earl Diehl, Julius Echeles, Conway Ferguson, Evelyn Crant^ 
 Peter Griffiths, V. V. Headland, Nicholas Hoen, Kathryn 
 E. Horan, Robert Hunter, Pearl Lawson, Helen Lipschultz, 
 Florence Lome, Edith Matts, James McClelland, Roy 
 McGookin, Mandel Packard, Arthur Peticolas, E. F. Poorman, 
 Henry Radius, Geo. Robbins, R. P. Saffran, Huston Shultz, 
 Edith Smith, Elizabeth St. Clair, Samuel Spinka, Robert 
 Springer, Adeline Sterling, Joan Svenson, Joseph Wagner, 
 Josiah Watson, Charles 'aite, George 'jThitehead, Milton 
 Wineberg. 
 
 John T. Frederick
 
 ANNALS OF LABOR AND INDUSTRY IN ILLINOIS 
 
 Compiled from newspaper files, trade journals, legal 
 enactments, and judicial decisions, the Annals of Labor and 
 Industry in Illinois tell of the State's industrial development 
 and of her workers' struggles for better working conditions, 
 higher pay, njid shorter hours. Among the subjects are changing 
 industrial processes, early trends toward "Safety First," work- 
 men's compensation, trade unions, child labor, and women in 
 industry. Events soberly reported half a century ago are read 
 tod.ay with sympathy and surprise - and sometimes with amusement. 
 This source work consists of items selected objectively for their 
 historical value; it conveys the atmosphere of the period 
 covered, and is beset with jewels of half forgotten history and 
 biography. 
 
 A preliminary search for material on the history of 
 labor and industry in Illinois, in newspaper files, from 1870 
 to the close of the world war was made by some forty v/riters. 
 Soon it became apparent that this painstaking scrutiny was un- 
 folding vast resources in other fields as v/ell, all of which 
 would be valuable to social historians, as well as richly 
 suggestive to creative writers. This discovery, together with 
 the inadvisability of repeated searchas in the fragile volumes, 
 suggested the wisdom of a more detailed coverage. A body of 
 valuable data concerning Sports, Agriculture, Education, and 
 the Theater, as well as a colorful miscellany, has accumulated 
 as a by-product of the Annals. 
 
 The editorial task has been to include tj-pes of stories 
 without which the picture, upon whatever size canvas presented, 
 would be distorted; to exclude nothing of genuine interest or 
 importance which has no co\interpart in the text; to mainfain 
 harmonious proportions throughout; and above all, to maintain 
 a purely objective treatment. In the selection of the tran- 
 scriptions, an effort has been made to include stories that have 
 distinct value from more than one point of view. Undue empha- 
 sis upon labor agitation and metropolitan industry was a short- 
 coning noticed early in the study. The first has been guarded 
 against by selecting items with greater discrimination, the 
 second, by including more down-state papers in the bibliography. 
 
 Late in 1938 a prospectus was compiled by which his- 
 torians and librarians were invited to gnuge the importance and 
 value of the work. Their comments v/ere favorable, and included 
 suggestions and constructive criticism. In the compilation,
 
 ANIMALS OF LABOR Aim INDUSTRY IN ILLINOIS: 1890 
 
 therefore, is rsflected the collective .judgemHnt of critics 
 nota"blG for practical experience and sound scholarship. 
 
 The amount of effort expended on the work since its 
 inception may seem disproportionate to the size of the first 
 volume. A backlog had to "be "built up hefore intelligent selec- 
 tion could "be made. The vast store of data garnered "by the 
 fiold workers includes items for a period some two hundred 
 times as long as that covered in the present volume, the first 
 quarter of 1890. It is contemplated that publications cover- 
 ing the remainder of the period will follow in essentially 
 the same form. The fourth quarter of each year will contain 
 the annual index. 
 
 Carroll Whalsy 
 Editor.
 
 ANNALS OF LABOR AND INDUSTRY IN ILLINOIS 
 
 The following research workers have collahorated on 
 the Annals of Lator and Industry. Those whose work is repre- 
 sented in the present volume are designated "by an asterisk (*). 
 
 Balch, Jack 
 Bettelheim, Louis 
 Brisendine, Ray 
 Bryant, William 
 Caro , Herhert 
 *Chase, Ethel 
 *DeVard, Beulah 
 Diehl, Earl 
 Echeles , Julius 
 Ferguson, Conway 
 Grant , Evelyn 
 Griffiths, Peter 
 *Headland, V, Vennard 
 *Hoen, Nicholas 
 Horan, Kathryn 
 Hunter, Rohert 
 *Lawson, Pearl 
 Lipschultz, Helen 
 Lome, Florence 
 Matts, Edith B, 
 
 *McClelland, James 
 *McGookin, Roy 
 Packard, Mandel 
 *Peticolas, Arthur 
 Poorman, Edward 
 ■"Radius, Henry 
 *Ro'b'bins, George 
 Saffran, R. P. 
 St. Clair, Elizabeth 
 *Shultz, Huston P. 
 Smith, Edith 
 Spinka, Samuel 
 Springer, Rohert 
 Sterling, Adeline 
 Svenson, Joan 
 Wagner, Joseph 
 *Watson, Josiah 
 *White, Charles 
 *Whitehead, George 
 *Wine'berg, Milton
 
 ANNALS OF LABOR AND INDUSTRY IN ILLINOIS: 1890 
 
 PRESS FEEDERS STRIKE 
 
 "The boys and young men, some 500 in number, who feed Jan. 1 
 the printing presses in the various shops of the city, 
 and who earn a weekly wage of $7 to |9, laid down 
 their work yesterday and now demand a minimum weekly 
 wage of $10.50. David Blakely, head of one of the 
 plants affected, termed this a baby strike and ordered 
 press feeders as quickly as he could get them. The 
 assertion was made by the youthful strikers that they 
 were forced to work 9 instead of 10 hours, which caused 
 their already meager wages to be lowered. They held 
 their meeting at Waverly Hall on Lake street. Presi- 
 dent Stern asked them to set an example to other strik- 
 ers by 'behaving themselves well.'" Page 8 
 — Illinois Staats-Zoituna . Chicago (trans.), Jan.l.(IC) Col. 1 
 
 PRESS FEEDERS WANTED 
 
 "Wanted — 30 young men, 15 to 20 years of age, to learn Jan. 1 
 to feed cylinder presses. Good opportunity for steady 
 young men to secure permanent employment and good wages. 
 Apply at once to Rand McNally & Co., 148 Monroe St., 
 Chicago." Page 14 
 
 — Daily Inter Ocean , Chicago (adv.), Jan. 1. (IC) Col. 5 
 
 BRAKHVjEN strike at CHARLESTON 
 
 "Charleston, 111., Jan. 2. — The ne?; year was ushered Jan. 1 
 
 in at Charleston, with a strike on the part of the 
 
 brakemen on the Toledo, St. Louis & Kansas City Railroad. 
 
 This has thrown about seventy- five men out of employment 
 
 at this point, as there is not a freight train moving on 
 
 the Western Division from Frsmlcfort to East St. Louis. Page 2 
 
 The strikers demand Wabash wages, but the officials so Col. 3 
 
 far have not decided to come to their terms." 1st 
 
 — Chicago Evening Journal , Jan. 2. (IC) Edition
 
 ANNALS OF L^BOR AND INDUSTRY 33^ ILLINOIS; 1890 
 
 LOCAL UNION SEES NEED OF NATION-WIDE S'JPPORT 
 
 In applying for a charter from the Journeymen Tailors' Jan. 1 
 Union of America, Alex Grant, secretary of the Chicago 
 Journeymen Tailors' Protective and Benevolent Union, 
 said: 
 
 "Our union has long recognized the necessity for nation- 
 eil backing, and our recent trouble has brought the issue 
 to such a point that we see that there is no strength in 
 remaining isolated. Our vote to join you has therefore 
 been practically unanimous, and we hope to prove one of 
 the best and most loyal local unions in your organiza- 
 tion." Page 5 
 —The Tailor, New York, Jan. (IGJ) Col. 4 
 
 THE STAR DISTILLERY WILL REBUILD 
 
 "The indications are that within a short time two dis- Jan. 2 
 
 tilleries will be in operation at Pekin, and that the 
 
 revenue receipts for this district v;ill be immensely 
 
 increased. The burning of the 'Star' at Pekin a short 
 
 time ago left this district without a distillery. The 
 
 •Star' did not belong to the trust and it was doubted 
 
 at first that it would ever be rebuilt. And now it is 
 
 given out that the 'Hamburg' distillery will begin 
 
 operations within ten days, though no certificate to 
 
 that effect has been filed with the revenue office here. 
 
 The 'Hamburg' belongs to the Whiskey Trust, and has been 
 
 closed down for a good while." 
 
 Since the closing of the distilleries, revenue receipts Page 1 
 
 dropped to $35,000 in this district, but will be in- Col. 6 
 
 creased to about $75,000 when they open. Weekly 
 
 —Illinois State Journal . Springfield, Jan. 2. (ICU) Edition 
 
 STREET CAR MEN REFUSE TO SANCTION THE HIRING OF EXTRA 
 TRIPPERS 
 
 "•The boys are afraid to trust Yerkes with an inch for Jan. 4
 
 ANNALS OF LABOR AND INIUSTRY IF ILLINOIS: 1890 
 
 fear he will take a mile,' said an old-time strec-t car 
 conductor yesterday, speaking of the refusal of the 'lest 
 Side Compajiy's Association to consent to the employment 
 of 200 trippers for seven hours at $1.50 a day. 'Wo 
 have seen enough to make us thinl-: that this proposition 
 is but an opening wedge to bring us all dovm when things 
 are in shape. Then we know that if the 200 cars are put 
 on there will be work for them ten hours a day; that the 
 public need really demands that additional service. jVhy 
 Yerkes should throw all the blame for not giving it on 
 us any one who Ltlows his old tricks can see for himself. • 
 
 "The decision of the association not to agree to the 
 plan submitted by ivir. Yerkes v;as reached it the annual 
 meeting late Saturday night. ..." Page 3 
 
 —Chicago Daily Tribune. Jan. 6. (IC) Col. 2 
 
 'VATCH FACTORIES BUSY 
 
 "There seems to be a big boom in •.■vatches just no'w :and Jan. 4 
 all the factories are running wide open. On the first 
 of next month the Peoria Company will increase their 
 working force by adding fifty new hands and propose to 
 work that way during the s\immer and perhaps all year. 
 The Springfield factory will add 250 hands to their 
 payroll on the first of the month." Page 8 
 
 —Peoria Tr-aiiscript . Jaji. 4. (IP) Col. 3 
 
 NE".' CORPORATIONS LICH^ISED 
 
 "Springfield, 111., Jan. 4.— The Secretary of State Jan. 4 
 issued licenses today to the following: Harvey and 
 Hopkins Manufacturing Company, at Chicago; to manu- 
 facture and deal in agricultural and other machinery; 
 capital stock, $250,000. The Nev/ York Biscuit Com- Page 7 
 pany at Chicago; to manufacture biscuits and other Col. 3 
 food products; Cc.pital stock, $5,000,000." 1st 
 
 —Chicago Evening Journal , Jan. 6. (IC) Edition
 
 ANN.<ULS OF LJiBOR .\ND INDUSTRY IN ILLINOIS: 1890 
 
 STRIKE SETTLED 
 
 '•Mattoon, 111., Jan. 4. — The striking freight conduc- Jan. 4 
 tors and brakemen and yard crews of the Peoriaj Dtcatur 
 & Evansville Railway concluded to go to work toda^ . and 
 the first train since 3:50 ^.M. yesterday was sent out 
 at 2 P.M. today. The employes concluded that as they 
 had no grievance and were receiving good wages, they 
 would not be treating the company right to tie up traf- 
 fic on this line because of trouble on another road 
 owned by the Mackey syndicate." Page 2 
 
 — Daily Inter Ocean, Chicago, Jan. 4. (IC) Col. 3 
 
 SIT-DOVm STRIKE ON THE MACKEY SYSTM 
 
 "Terre Haute, Ind., Jan. 4. — This is the sixth day of Jan. 4 
 the strike of all employes of the Mackey system here, 
 except the engineers and firemen, causing a complate 
 tieup. The strikers claim that eight men, chiefly con- 
 ductors, have been relieved by Master of Transportation 
 Kurd because of their connection with a recent strike, 
 and they demand his immediate suspension and the rein- 
 statement of the discharged men. President Mackey re- 
 fused to suspend Hurd, but offers to take up the cases 
 of the discharged men, who, he claims, were removed for 
 cause, chiefly drunkenness, and personally investigate 
 them, and if the men have been hardly dealt with, to 
 reinstate them. The strikers have possession of com- 
 pany' s property and prevented trains from being run on 
 the first day of the strike by pulling the linic pins 
 and ordering the engineers and firemen out of their 
 cabs. Since that time no attempts have been made to 
 get out trains, although the company has imported men 
 from St. Louis to take the strikers' places. This 
 morning one of the nev; men was clubbed, and violence 
 is feared if the company attempts to get out trains. Page 2 
 The company charges the Mayor /rith failure to furnish Col. 1 
 police for protection of its property." 1st 
 
 — Chicago Evening Journal , Jan. 4. (IC) Edition
 
 imiALB OF LABOR AND INDUSTRY IN ILLINOIS: 1890 
 
 RAILROAD STRIKE AT PEORIA 
 
 "The brakemen and conductors of the P. D. & E. (now Jan. 4 
 Illinois Centr.al) running into Peoria have gone out 
 on a strike. They have been ordered to join the 
 other men of the great Mackey system of which the P. 
 D. & E. is a part. The men left their places yester- 
 day and there were no freight trains in here during 
 the day. The strike does not interfere with passenger 
 work at sill. Only four freight crews run into Peoria Page 7 
 on this road and their headquarters are at Mattoon. Col. 6 
 The strike will have little or no effect on Peoria." Sunday 
 —Peoria Trmscript , Jan. 5. (IP) Edition 
 
 WATCH COIViPANY TO START FaCTORY 
 
 "Elgin, 111., Jan. 5. — It appears nearly certain that Jan. 4 
 the Illinois Watch Case Company, of Chicago, owned by 
 Eppenstoin & Company, will locate a factory here. 
 Plans for the building have been made, and the company 
 agrees to employ some 200 men inside of three years." Page 14 
 — Sunday Inter Ocean, Chicago, Jan. 5. (IC) Col. 5 
 
 M.\CKEY STRIKE SETTLED 
 
 "Svansville, Ind., Jan. 5. — A second conference was Jan. 5 
 held this evening between Mackoy and a committee from 
 the employes of the Evansville & Terre Haute; Evansville 
 & Indianapolis; Louisville, Evansville & St. Louis, and 
 the Pecria, Decatur & Evansville roads, comprising the 
 Mackey system." At 10 o'clock an agreement was reached 
 providing for the return of the men to their work at 
 seven o'clock in the morning. "Details of the conference 
 are not known. " Page 1 
 
 — Peoria Transcript, Jan. 6. (IP) Col. 7
 
 5 ANNALS OF L.:iBOR AND INDUSTRY IN ILLINOIS: 1890 
 
 STRIKE SETTLEMENT CONFIRMED 
 'Evansville, Ind., Jan. 6. — The strike on the Mackoy Jan. 
 
 system was amicably settled last night, both sides 
 making concessions. All of the strikers were taken 
 back without prejudice. Operations were resumed this 
 morning. The terms of the settlement are secret, and 
 cannot be learned now further than as above stated." Page 2 
 — Chicago Evening Journal , Jan. 7. (IC) Col. 5 
 
 STOCIOriiRDS STRIKE THRE.\TENED 
 
 "Indications pointed yesterday to the possibility of Jan. 5 
 another strike at the stockyards. The men are dis- 
 satisfied with the contract they were obliged to sign 
 at the conclusion of the former big strike. By the 
 terms of it the men were compelled to deposit a cer- 
 tain amount of their wages with their employers and to 
 give two weeks' notice before any action to strike. 
 Thus a man receiving $40 a month was compelled to de- 
 posit flO or allow it to be deducted from his wages, 
 or a boy receiving $1 a day had $1 a week deducted \in- 
 til a certain amount rested in the hands of his em- 
 ployers, but payable to him. ..." 
 
 If the men were to strike without giving the company 
 two weeks' notice, the deposit money would revert to 
 the company. Recently some coopers employed by Swift 
 Sc Co. rebelled against the contract and were discharged. 
 Two big meetings were held yesterday by the coopers and 
 by the stockyards butchers because they felt they had a 
 "serious grievance which must be righted in some manner." 
 No action was taken. Page 1 
 
 —Chicago Globe . Jan. 6. (IC) Col. 5 
 
 stocky.;rds coopers vm on contract system 
 
 "Two large meetings were held by the stockyards employes Jan. 5
 
 ANNALS OF LABOR AND INDUSTRY IN ILLINOIS: 1890 
 
 jTQSterday, in which the dissatisfaction which has existed 
 ever since the men were beaten in the great strike was 
 given voice. At that time, on return to work, the men 
 were compelled to deposit a percentage of their vjages 
 with the employer and sign an agreement not to strike 
 without giving two weeks' notice. If they did so, the de- 
 posit was to be forfeited. Forty coopers in the S'y^rift 
 & Go.'s establishment refused to sign this ironclad con- 
 tract when requested, and hence the meeting at Germania 
 Hall, in which it vras determined to appeal to the law for 
 protection. At Thirty-ninth street Turner Hall 200 
 butchers enrolled themselves as the nucleus of a Stock- 
 yards Butchers' Union, with the object of breaking do'jm 
 the contract. Proceedings vjill be taken under a recent 
 law which provides that a laborer may proceed against 
 an employer at the latter' s expense. Another meeting Page 1 
 will be held Sunday next at the same place, to complete Col. 6 
 the permanent organization of the union. ..." 1st 
 
 — Chicago Evening Journal, Jan. 6. (IC) Edition 
 
 TRADE UNION HALL TO BE BUILT 
 "Enterprise Union No. 246 of the Carpenters' Union has Jan. 
 
 purchased a lot 50 x 125 feet on Forty-seventh street, 
 near Ashland avenue, of S. E. G-ross, .and v/ill build at 
 once a hall building 50 x 115 feet. The hall v^ill, it 
 is expected, be used by the different trade unions for 
 their regular monthly meetings, and will be rented for 
 general use for parties, balls, etc. ..." Page 6 
 
 — Chicago Sunday Globe , Jan. 5, (IC) Col. 4 
 
 NET/iJ FACTORY PROIvlOTION 
 
 "The Improvement Association held a special meeting Jan. 
 last night. The meeting was called for the purpose of 
 holding a conference with J. H. Bennington of Ohio. . . .
 
 ANNAI3 OF LABOR AND INDUSTRY IN ILLINOIS: 1890 
 
 He submitted a proposition to the association which 
 proved highly satisfactory. He agrees to come to Peoria 
 and establish a factory known as the Brass Spinning and 
 Novelty Mfg. Company to employ about 75 at the start." 
 The products of the company will be rail torpedoes, 
 rail alarm torches, surgical instruments, hair curlers, 
 hair singers, a marking fountain pen v;hich would be in- 
 dispensable to shippers, paint brushes and other novel- 
 ties. A committee from the association was appointed 
 to aid the promoter in raising the amount of stock re- 
 quired to establish the business. Page 6 
 — Peoria Transcript , Jan. 7, (IP) Col. 5 
 
 BUSINESS MEN EAT FRUIT, DISCUSS QUARRIES 
 
 The Joliet Business Men's Association held an informal Jan. 6 
 
 meeting. They talked business, voted resolutions and 
 
 passed around a basket of Florida fruit. Working men 
 
 were reported to be putting in full time in December 
 
 at the highest winter wages ever paid, fifteen cents an 
 
 hour. The summer pay, $1.75, had continued to Dec. 1 
 
 instead of Nov. 1 as formerly. One quarry had shipped 
 
 1,300 cars in a month. Orders at the rate of 36 cars a 
 
 day were reported. Page 3 
 
 --Daily News, Joliet, Jan. 7. (Joliet Public Library) Col. 2 
 
 LABOR ALDERMEN 
 
 "In many of the wards of Chicago the labor element is Jan. 
 sufficiently strong to elect aldermen of its own choos- 
 ing without regard to party lines. All that is lacking 
 is effective organization. . . . 
 
 "The aldermanic election this spring will offer excep- 
 tional opportunities for the election of independent
 
 MNAI3 OF LABOR MP INDUSTRY PI ILLINOIS: 1890 
 
 aldermen. Party lines were broken down by the indepen- Page 2 
 
 dent citizens' movement last month. Nothing can inter- Col. 2 
 
 vene between this and next April to repair them. ..." 11 o'cl. 
 
 —Chicago Daily News (editorial), Jan. 6. (ICN) Edition 
 
 PACKERS' EMPLOYES PROTEST 7/AGE-<lfITHH0LDING COi'JTRACT 
 
 "There was some talk among the stockyards employes this Jan. 6 
 morning over the action of the coopers of S.vift & Co. 
 and others at their meeting at Germania Hall yesterday 
 afternoon and the butchers at a similar meeting at 
 Thirty-sixth and Halsted streets, but no further action 
 was taken. Immediate action is not contemplated, but 
 the men are determined to begin as soon as possible 
 measures looking to the destruction of the contract 
 system. ..." 
 
 Swift and Co. stated they had no labor trouble nor did 
 they expect any. The coopers stated: "They can't get 
 coopers here. Nearly all they now have are from distant 
 towns. They have been getting men from Aurora and other 
 towns, but many who came would not work under the con- 
 tract. . . . It is only a question of right, and i.ve pro- 
 pose to test it in court. ..." 
 
 The complaint which the employes are making is over 
 being forced to sign the following agreement, which with- 
 holds part of the employes' salary: 
 
 "This agreement, made and signed this day of , 
 
 188 , between Swift & Co., the party of the first part 
 
 and , the party of the second part, Witnesseth: 
 
 The party of the first part agrees to employ the said 
 
 party of the second part in the capacity of , wages 
 
 to be ^ , such service to continue only so long as 
 
 satisfactory to the said party of the first part. 
 
 "And in consideration of such employment, and the peculiar 
 nature of the business of the said first party, the 
 second party agrees that he will not quit said service
 
 10 ANNALS OF LABOR AND INDUSTRY IN ILLINOIS; 1890 
 
 and employment without giving two weeks' notice to said 
 first party of his intention so to do, and as a guaranty 
 for the faithful performance of this agreement on his 
 part, the said party of the second part agrees to de- 
 posit with said first party the sum of ^ . And in 
 
 case of the violation of this agreement by said second 
 party, the said first party shall retain said amount as 
 liquidated damages, and in satisfaction and payment of 
 all damages by them sustained. 
 
 "It is further agreed that the first party shall retain 
 
 $ per week of the wages earned by said second party 
 
 until said simi of $ shall be in their hands, to be 
 
 held by them according to the terms of this agreement." 
 
 One of the abuses resulting from the contract is pointed 
 out by one of the employes: "Half the men are laid off 
 a great deal of the time, but they are still in the em- 
 ploy of Swift & Co., and if they try to get work any- 
 where else they are construed to have left the firm's Page 1 
 service without the two weeks' notice, and their de- Col. 6 
 posit is retained. ..." 5 o'cl. 
 
 — Chicago Mail , Jan. 6. (ICN) Edition 
 
 STOCKYARDS STRIKE UNLIKELY 
 
 "It is generally conceded by the men interested that Jan. 7 
 there will be no general strike of packing house em- 
 ployes at the stockyards. The striking coopers at 
 Swift & Co.'s cooper shops, numbering perhaps fifty, 
 are the only ones who have made anything like a con- 
 certed movement, and that, the packers say, is already 
 at an end. ..." 
 
 The company said it had all the men needed at the 
 cooper shop. The strikers were disheartened by the 
 fact that they received no material or moral support 
 from the other stockyard laborers. Page 3 
 
 —Chicago Globe, Jan. 7. (IC) Col. 2
 
 ANIMALS OF LABOR PND INDUSTRY IN ILLINOIS: 1890 11 
 
 WANTED— A MILLION CORN HUSEERS 
 
 "There are in round numbers about 2,000,000,000 Jan. 7 
 
 bushels of corn in the crop of 1689, says the Orange 
 Judd Fanner . Of this perhaps 100,000,000 bushels 
 may be eaten by cattle and hogs direct from the stalks 
 either in the field or yards. . . . Our corn husking 
 this year will require 30,000,000 days of work, which 
 is equal to an army of 1,000,000 huskers all working 
 steadily thirty-eight days each. Messieurs inventors. Page 2 
 please hurry up that steam husking machine so long Col. 2 
 promised. ..." 12 o'cl 
 
 — Chicago iVlail , Jan. 7.(ICN) Edition 
 
 RELIEF FOR BRMDVJOOD STRIKERS 
 
 Representatives from all the labor unions in Joliet Jan. 8 
 were present at the annual election of the Trades and 
 Labor Assembly. The organization has been active in 
 relieving the distress of the miners in the Braidwood 
 strike. 
 
 —Daily News , Joliet, Jan. 8. Page 8 
 (Joliet Public Library) Col. 3 
 
 FRAUD IN EMPLOYMENT BUREAU 
 
 "B. 0. Thomas, the owner of the 'Travelers' Employment Jan. 8 
 Bureau,' was held under ^^1,000 bond by Federal Com- 
 missioner Hoyno to the Federal grand jury. Thomas 
 promised his customers jobs upon the payment of $5 to 
 $10. The victims, of course, didn't get any jobs." 
 
 — Illinois Staats -Zeitung, Page 2 
 
 Chicago (trans.), Jan. 8 (ION) Col. 2
 
 12 ANN.^LS OF L;\BOR .'^ND INDUSTRY IN ILLINOIS: 1890 
 
 MEETING OF GERMM W/^TERS' CLUB 
 "Der deutsche Kellner-Verein (The German Waiters' Club) Jan. 
 
 held their twelfth general meeting and election last 
 night. Elected were: president, Otto Picht; vice 
 president, Paul Manlen; treasurer, VJ. H. Jung; finan- 
 cial secretary, Herman Kugel; secretary, Henry Muller. 
 The club has 75 members and their treasury amounts to 
 $2,000." 
 
 — Illinois Staats-Zeitung , Page 1 
 Chicago (trans.), Jan. 10. (ICN) Col. 1 
 
 BUILDERS AND CONTRACTORS ORGANIZE 
 
 "Yesterday afternoon about fifty of the prominent Jan. 9 
 mechanics, contractors and dealers in builders' sup- 
 plies met in the Dickson Building and formed what will 
 be known as the Mechanics' Exchange or Builders' ;^so- 
 ciation." 
 
 The object of the organization is to provide for the 
 exchange of views of the members for their mutual 
 benefit and to have a place where members can be reached. 
 The meeting was called to order by James Deal. The 
 officers elected were Fred Meintz, president; James Deal, 
 vice president; Edward Lucas, secretary; and Robert 
 Strehlow, treasurer. Page 6 
 
 — Peoria Transcript , Jan. 10, (IP) Col. 4 
 
 CABMEN'S ASSOCIATION ORG/iNIZED 
 
 "•The object of the organization of the cabmen of 
 Chicago into an association is for the protection of 
 the public as well as for the protection of the cabmen,' 
 said Secretary Charles S. Wilson to a reporter for the 
 Times yesterday. . . . 
 
 •"In the first place, the Chicago Cabmen's Association 
 aims to promote the interests and standing of all driv-
 
 .f^NNALS OF L.\BOR .JTO INDUSTRY IN ILLINOIS; 1890 
 
 ers, socially, morally, and financially, Secondly, it 
 aims to protect the public by investigating all cases 
 of overcharge, abuse, etc. , . , So far the associa- 
 tion has over eighty men out of a possible 600, and in 
 a short time we expect to increase this number to fully 
 400.'" Page 5 
 
 — Chicago Times , Jan. 11. (ION) Col. 1 
 
 NE# CORPORATION 
 
 "Springfield, 111., Jan. 11. — Corporation rights were Jan. 11 
 
 extended to. . . . The Columbia Electric Co, in Page 1 
 
 Chicago, capital ^1,500,000. . . ." Col. 7 
 
 —Illinois Staats-Zeitung . Chicago Der 
 
 (trans.), Jan. 12. (ION) Westen 
 
 TURNERS DEMAND SUSPENSION OF SECRET POLICEMAN 
 
 "The executive board of the Chicago District Turners, Jan. 12 
 in view of Police Officer Nordrum's arrest of several 
 men at an eight-hour meeting Nov. 18, demands of the 
 Mayor his suspension pending an investigation. A 
 committee was appointed to wait on the Mayor and re- 
 quest immediate action." Page 5 
 —Chicago Times . Jan. 12. (ICN) Col. 3 
 
 UNION OF PACKING HOUSE EilPLOYES TO BE FORMED 
 
 "In Union Hall at 36th and Halsted streets a good nvim- Jan. 12 
 ber of employes from the great meat houses assembled 
 yesterday afternoon for the purpose of unionizing 
 themselves for mutual protection against pressures which
 
 ANNALS OF LABOR AND INDUSTRY IN ILLINOIS: 1890 
 
 originate from the employer's side. Herman Kratok called 
 the meeting to order and explained its purpose. For vice 
 presidents tho following were named: Joseph Smith as 
 English representative, John Peterson for the Germans, 
 and John Proizel fur the Bohemian speaking workers. . . ," 
 
 T. P. Berry gave a long talk in which he stressed the im- 
 portance of unionizing the workers since the employers 
 were organized for their own interests. He declared that 
 packing house workers should strive to remove the condi- 
 tions which earned for them the nickname "white slaves" 
 and that they must no longer let themselves be watched 
 and silenced by the Pinkerton people. 0. Hucker spoke in 
 German and Chairman Kratok in Bohemian. About one hundred 
 felt that a pseudonym should be used when joining the union. 
 — Illinois Staats-Zeitung . 
 
 Chicago (trans.), Jan. 13. (ION) Col. 
 
 PACKING HOUSE UNION DEMANDS EIGHT HOUR DAY 
 
 "A number of packing house employes assembled at Union Jan. 12 
 
 Hall, at Thirty-sizth and Halsted Streets, yesterday 
 
 afternoon, for the purpose of organizing a union of 
 
 packing house men. T. P. Berry, the first speaker, 
 
 urged all present to join the proposed union. He said 
 
 every one of the packers had ^1,000,000 and that the 
 
 employes would soon be known as white slaves." 
 
 About 100 signed the membership roll. "All who refused 
 to sign were ejected, and the meeting went into secret 
 session. ... A committee composed of English, Ger- 
 mans, and Bohemians was appointed to draught a consti- 
 tution and by-laws and report to a meeting to be held 
 next Sunday in the same place. . . . 
 
 "At a meeting held a week ago at the same place the 
 idea v/as to form a union, the object of w*ich was to 
 labor to remove the odious contract and deposit sys- 
 tems. Yesterday's meeting developed the fact that the
 
 AIJHAL3 OF LABOR AND ETOUSTRY IN ILLINOIS: 1890 15 
 
 old eight-hour vrorking day spirit was the real object of 
 the reiinion. That end, nany said, would be reached by 
 peaceful legislation, and there would be no strike to 
 hasten it." Page E 
 
 — Chicago Times , Jan. 13. (ICN) Col. 4 
 
 NE'^SPAPER'S VIE'/ OF THE EIGET HOUR MOVEMENT 
 
 "Organized wage workers who nov/ v/ork 10 hours a day Jan. 13 
 are preparing to renew their demand for shorter hours 
 of labor. This demand will be made May 1. They may 
 endeavor to enforce their demands by striking." 
 
 The editorial agrees that there is no social or commer- 
 cial reason why the v/orkers should not be granted their 
 request, but adds that the eight hour goal does not 
 justify the means employed by some of the unions in 
 obtaining it. The Haymarket tragedy, it was alleged, 
 was precipitated by eight hour agitation. The eight 
 hour day, firmly established in the cigar making and 
 building trades, "presented isolated, independent local 
 problems which each community might settle for itself." 
 Increasing difficulties are predicted for the movement 
 in other industries. 
 
 "A grave problem, however, is met .vith in those indus- 
 tries where expensive machinery is used — where the loss 
 of 20 per cent of the time of the machinery is the 
 gravest difficulty to overcome. 
 
 "But, considering even this, it is obvious that the Page 2 
 
 eight-hour movement drove the entering wedge when it Col. 1 
 
 captured the building trades." 12 M. 
 
 — Chicago Daily News (editorial), Jan. 13. (ICU) Edition 
 
 A '.VOl/IEN'S LAUMKY 
 The idea of establishing a profitable laundry for hon- Jan. 13
 
 ANNALS OF LABOR AND INDUSTRY IN ILLINOIS; 1890 
 
 est women who want work but cannot find it occurred to 
 the Administrative Council for Self-Supporting Women. 
 The laundry opened on May 1, 1889, at 546 N. Wells 
 street with three laundresses. A gross income of but 
 ^40 for the first month didn't discourage the women. 
 
 "The reward did not take long to come. On Christmas 
 week alone ^150 was taken in and the average monthly 
 receipts are now about $500. The number of employes of 
 the laundry has increased to 15. . . . Women are ad- 
 mitted only upon special recommendation by the com- 
 mittee." 
 
 Washerwomen get every Saturday, Sunday, and the second 
 Monday of each month off. They earn about $1,25 a day. 
 Conscientious workers make $12 a week. Tea is served 
 free at noon. 
 
 — Illinois Staats-Zeitung , Page 8 
 
 Chicago (trans.), Jan. 13. (ICN) Col. 1 
 
 CABMEN'S ASSOCI/iTION MEETING 
 
 "The Chicago Cabmen's Association last night adopted Jan. 15 
 a constitution and by-laws which provides for the pro- 
 tection of its members and patrons." Page 3 
 —Chicago Mail , Jan. 14. (ICN) Col. 3 
 
 ILLINOIS FEDERATION OF LyfflOR MEETING 
 
 "Jacksonville, 111., Jan. 14. —The Illinois branch of Jan. 14 
 the National (i.e. , American) Federation of Labor met 
 in this city today with delegates from all the leading 
 cities of the state. The following officers were elect- 
 ed for the ensuing year: President, V. B. Williams, of 
 Chicago; vice president, J. J. Johnson, of Monmouth; 
 secretary, R. G. Buchner of Peoria; and treasurer, John 
 Campbell of Quincy." Page 7 
 
 — Daily Inter Ocean . Chicago, Jan. 15. (IC) Col. 3
 
 ANNALS OF LABOR AND INDUSTRY IN ILLINOIS: 1890 17 
 
 EXPLOSION INVESTIGATED 
 
 "The terrible steam boiler explosion at the printing 
 works of John Morris & Co. which injured more than a 
 dozen people was the subject of an official investiga- 
 tion at the County Hospital yesterday by Assistant 
 Coroner Severson." 
 
 Besides attempting to fix the responsibility for the 
 explosion, the investigators will consider the causes 
 of disasters of this kind. 
 
 — Illinois Staats-Zeitung , Page 1 
 Chicago (trans.) Jan. 15. (ICN) Col. 6 
 
 CARPENTERS PROMOTING EIGHT-HOUR MOVE^'IENT 
 
 "Alton, 111., — Union 79 is organizing a Trades Council Jan. 15 
 in this city of all trades to push the eight-hour agi- 
 tation." Page 1 
 —The Carpenter . Philadelphia, Jan. 15. (ICJ) Col. 1 
 
 "Union 169, E. St. Louis, 111., will move for the 
 eight-hour day this coming spring." Page 1 
 
 —The Carpenter, Philadelphia, Jan. 15. (ICJ) Col. 1 
 
 NATIONAL CONVENTION OF NEGROES 
 
 Delegates from some twenty states met at the Madison Jan. 15 
 Street Theater yesterday and founded the Afro-American 
 National League. Motives for founding the league in- 
 cluded the "fight against violations of the right of 
 free speech of colored citizens; the condition of mob 
 rule and lynching, for which the colored person is 
 always the victim; the uneven distribution of school 
 funds; the demoralizing chain gang system; the tyranny 
 of the transportation companies in the South which do 
 not permit the colored people to ride with the white;
 
 18 ANNALS OF LABOR AND INDUSTRY IN ILLINOIS; 1890 
 
 and the unjust exclusion of colored people from public 
 places." Conmittees were appointed and a comprehensive 
 program outlined. 
 
 — Illinois Staats-Zeitung , Page 8 
 Chicago (trans.), Jan. 16. (ION) Col. 2 
 
 VAPOR STOVE MEN COMBINE 
 
 "Cleveland, Ohio, Jan. 23. — Arrangements were completed Jan. 15 
 at Chicago last Wednesday for the consolidation of all 
 leading vapor stove manufacturers in the west. The 
 capital stock will be «>2,000,000, and the originator of 
 the plan, Hon. D. A. Dangler, of this city, says that 
 enough money will be saved in running expenses alone to 
 pay 10 per cent dividend. The combination will be known 
 as the United Vapor Stove Company, The following cor- 
 porations will be in the pool: Dangler Stove and Manu- 
 facturing Co., Schneider & Trenkamp Company, Standard 
 Lighting Company, National Vapor Stove & Manufacturing 
 Company, Lyman Vapor Stove Company, Aurora Vapor Stove 
 Company, Consolidated Vapor Stove Company, of Cleveland; 
 Adams & Westlake Manufacturing Company, and the George 
 H. Clark Company, of Chicago; Quick-Meal Vapor Stove Page 1 
 Company, and Twin-Burner Vapor Stove Company, of St. Col. 1 
 Louis." 1st 
 
 — Chicago Evening Journal , Jan. 20. (IC) Edition 
 
 UNION STARTS EMPLOYMENT AGENCY 
 
 "Der deutsche Kellner-Verein (The German Waiters' Club), Jan. 15 
 which was founded in the year 1878, has formed a work- 
 ers' bureau, under the name Germania Waiters' Union, at 
 133 N. Clark street, where at any time competent help can 
 be obtained." 
 
 — Illinois Staats-Zeitung , Page 5 
 
 Chicago (trans.), Jan. 15. (ICN) Col. 1
 
 . ANNALS OF LABOR AND INDUSTRY DJ ILLINOIS; 1890 19 
 
 NBV INDUSTRY IN GHIC^&O 
 "The Grant Locomotive works will be transferred to Jan. 15 
 
 Chicago in the very near future, they having purchased 
 a section of land in the town of Cicero, with an addi- 
 tional eleven acres. They have been financially assist- 
 ed in many ways by the liberal business men of Chicago. 
 Mr. E. T. Jeffrey, who was for so long a time general 
 manager of the Illinois Central Railway, will undoubt- 
 edly have much to say in regard to the management of 
 this gigantic corporation. This will be the first plant 
 of its kind west of Pittsburgh, and v;^ill undoubtedly 
 bring other manufactories near them so that the first we 
 hear there will be a city jf engine buildings, like that 
 of Pullman." Page 63 
 
 —Railway Conductor, Cedar Rapids, Iowa, Jan. 15. (ICJ) Col. 2 
 
 THE EIJHT-HOUR DAY 
 
 "Judge Prendergast made a speech en the eight-hour Jan. 15 
 question at the comer of Thirty-seventh street and 
 Wabash avenue last evening, in an open meeting of 
 labor Union No. 28, United Brotherhood of Carpenters 
 and joiners of America, L. F. Gallagher, president." 
 
 The speaker said in part: "If the hours of labor were 
 decreased by 20 per cent the value of all property that 
 already exists, except real estate in its native condi- 
 tion, would be increased in value 20 per cent." He 
 said further that the eight-hour day would work more 
 benefit than injury, that labor agitators were wrong to 
 decry "millionaires as evils", and denied that working 
 men, if given the eight-hour day, would spend their ex- 
 tra leisure in saloons or otherwise waste it. Page 2 
 —Chicago Times, Ju^. 16. (ICN) Col. 1 
 
 'LET THERE BE LIGHTl ' 
 
 "It is nov; practically assured that Momence will bo Jan. 15 
 lighted by electric lights within the next sixty days.
 
 20 ANNALS OF LABOR AND INDUSTRY IN ILLH^OIS: 1890 
 
 The Board of Trustees held a special meeting, Wednesday 
 night, January 15th, and Mr. Benson Bidwell, of the 
 Western Electric Company, Chicago, explained his propo- 
 sition for an electric light system in Momence, and the 
 board were unanimous in their expression of approval. . . . 
 
 "Mr. Bidwell's offer is to put in a plant consisting of 
 a twenty-five horse power engine, a twenty light dynamo, 
 and such poles, wire, etc., as may be necessary. . . . 
 They are to be lighted before dark and are to burn \mtil 
 11 o'clock. They must be lighted every night each month 
 except on not exceeding four bright moonlight nights in 
 each month. For each light the city is to pay |6 per 
 month, or $72 per year, and there shall be no other ex- 
 pense to the city other than this charge, in maintaining 
 the lights. . . . 
 
 "The board realize that they have an opportunity to give 
 Momence a big advertisement and add to its growing repu- 
 tation for thrift and enterprise, and they are glad of 
 the opportunity. ..." 
 
 — Momence Reporter , Jan. 17. Pago 1 
 (Office of Momence Reporter ) Col. 3 
 
 NEW CORPORATIONS 
 
 "Springfield, 111., Jan. 15. —The Secretary of State Jan. 15 
 issued licenses today to the following: 
 
 "Municipal Light and Power Company, at Chicago; to fur- 
 nish light, heat and power; capital stock, $25,000. 
 
 "Car Truck Supply Company, at Chicago; to manufacture 
 the Hubbart self-oiling car journals; capital stock 
 $200,000. 
 
 "American Electric Motor Company, at Chicago; to manu- 
 facture electric motor apparatus for steel cars; capital Page 1 
 stock, $1,000,000. Col. 1
 
 ANNALS OF LABOR AND INDUSTRY IN ILLINOIS: 1890 21 
 
 "Battery Electric Company, at Chicago; to do an elec- Page 7 
 
 trical manufacturing business; capital stock $100,000." Col. 4 
 
 — Chicago Evening Journal , Jan. 15. (IC) 1st Ed. 
 
 AERO-AMERICAN CONVENTION 
 
 One delegate proposed that the League raise one hundred Jan. 16 
 
 million dollars through Congress for the purpose of 
 
 bringing the colored people North and that Senators 
 
 Morgan from Alabama, Hampton from South Carolina, and 
 
 Gibson from Tennessee should act as 'Moses' and lead 
 
 the unhappy ones North. ... A motion was made to 
 
 give the appreciation of the Congress to Mayor Cregier 
 
 because he has so many colored people in the service 
 
 of the city. 
 
 — Illinois Staats-Zeitung , Page 5 
 
 Chicago (trans.), Jan. 17. (ICN) Col. 3 
 
 ILLINOIS FEDERATION OF LABOR MEETING 
 
 "Jacksonville. — At the closing session of the Illinois Jan. 16 
 
 State Federation of Labor at Jacksonville yesterday 
 
 resolutions were adopted requiring the state board to 
 
 control all labor demonstrations under the auspices of 
 
 the federation, urging a close alliance with the 
 
 Patrons of Husbandry; denouncing the anti -boycott law; 
 
 and opposing private detective agencies. A telegram 
 
 from Samuel Compers was received. It said: 'Ring out 
 
 in thunder tones your determination for eight hoiirs on Page 6 
 
 May 1, 1890.' The next meeting will be held in Quincy, Col. 1 
 
 Nov. 18." 12 M. 
 
 — Chicago Daily News , Jan. 17. (ICN) Edition 
 
 EIGHT-HOUR DAY MOVEMENT—MASS MEETING 
 "There will be a meeting of laboring men at Trades Jan. 16
 
 ANNALS OF LABOR ^ND INDUSTRY IN ILLINOIS: 1890 
 
 Assembly Hall, 124 North Adams street, tonight, to con- 
 sider the subject of eight hours a day after May 1, 
 1890 . " Page 6 
 
 — Peoria Transcript . Jan. 16. (IP) Col. 2 
 
 COOPERAGE FACTORY TO BE BUILT 
 
 "The cooperage factory which the Journal announced Jan. 16 
 some days ago had been induced by the Springfield Im- 
 provement Association to locate here, has been given a 
 site at the corner of Tenth and Adams streets by the 
 association free of charge, and Smith Bros, will at 
 once put up a factory there which will employ thirty 
 men at the start. One of the Smith brothers has a 
 stave factory at Dyersville, Tennessee, and it is do- Page 1 
 signed to use the output of that factory in manufactur- Col. 6 
 ing barrels here." Weekly 
 
 —Illinois State Journal, Springfield, Jan. 16. (ICU) Edition 
 
 NEW CORPORATIONS 
 
 "Springfield, 111., Jan. 16. — Corporation rights were Jan. 16 
 extended to Press Primary Battery Electric Light and 
 Manufacturing Co. Capital, |1, 000, 000." 
 
 — Illinois Staats-Zeitung , Pago 2 
 
 Chicago (trans.), Jan. 17. (ICN) Col. 2 
 
 PLEA FOR MORE LIBERAL POOR RELIEF SYSTEM 
 
 Death visited a destitute home at 319 West Randolph Jan. 17 
 street yesterday. Michael Byrne had investigated the 
 case for the county agent on Thursday, but help came 
 too late. County Agent Foley said no individual was to
 
 ANNALS OF LABOR AND INDUSTRY IN ILLINOIS: 1890 23 
 
 blame, but the system was at fault. "'A more liberal 
 system,' said Mr. Foley, 'should be adopted. Up to 
 this time there has been an increase in the demands on 
 this office at least 50 per cent greater than for the Page 1 
 same period last year, and the county board wants to Col. 2 
 increase the appropriation by only $5,000.00. . . . '" 5 o'cl. 
 —Chicago Mail . Jan. 18.(ICN) Edition 
 
 WATCH FACTORIES TO MOVE 
 
 "Rockford, 111., Jan. 17.— The Rockford Watch Company Jan. 17 
 had an offer to move their present plant on the east 
 side, which accommodates about 500 hands, to the ex- 
 treme northwest portion of the city, where real estate 
 speculators offer to build them a mammoth factory to 
 accommodate 1,200 hands. It is probable that the 
 factory will move." Page 13 
 
 — Daily Inter Ocean , Chicago, Jan. 18. (IC) Col. 2 
 
 NEW YORK CONTRACTORS THREATEN TO USE CHINESE LABOR 
 
 "Reasons multiply why the Fair should not go to Nev; Jan. 18 
 York. It is an un-American city, and nothing proves 
 it so effectually as the action recently taken by 
 contractors there. They are getting ready to resist 
 the eight-hour day movement by employing Chinese. . . . 
 They (the Chinese) will work for about one-fourth the 
 wages received by the Europeans, and this fact has in- 
 fluenced the contractors as much as their desire to 
 be prepared to replace the men who will strike for an 
 eight-hour day. No such movement would have been made Page 2 
 in Chicago, which is now and always will be the best Col. 1 
 place for the Fair." 12 o'cl. 
 
 — Chicago Mail (editorial), Jan. 18. (ICN) Edition
 
 24 AI^ALS OF LABOR AND INDUSTRY IN ILLINOIS: 1890 
 
 ILLINOIS WATCH CASE COMPANY 
 
 "A contract has been signed with the Illinois Watch Jan. 18 
 Case Company, who will remove their plant to Elgin. 
 The matter is virtually decided. In a few months the 
 Illinois Watch Case Company will be known as Elgin 
 Watch Case Company with the factory located here. The 
 inducements offered by the city were accepted by repre- 
 sentatives of the company. The trustees for the city 
 have done their work well and deserve to be congratu- 
 lated." 
 
 — Elgin Daily News , Jan. 18. Page 4 
 (Gail Borden Public Library) Col. 2 
 
 CORNICE MAKERS JOIN ASSEMBLY 
 
 "The cornice makers' local union met at 36 La Salle Jan. 19 
 street yesterday afternoon, and decided to join the 
 Trades Assembly and cooperate with the Federation of 
 Labor in the movement for eight-hours' work and eight- 
 hours' pay. ..." Page 7 
 — Daily Inter Ocean , Chicago, Jan. 20. (IC) Col. 2 
 
 PAUPER L-'^BOR 
 
 "We hear a good deal about it just now. It is an idea Jan. 19 
 without any substantial foundation. Paupers don't labor, 
 not if they can help it, and their labor, such as it is, 
 competes with nothing. Convicts labor sometimes and 
 their labor enters into competition with ordinary work- 
 ers, but a pauper never labors until he becomes a con- 
 vict, and even then as little as possible. Then what 
 does the phrase moan, if paupers do not labor, and do 
 not compete? Its meaning is sheer claptrap ... by 
 protection orators ... a phrase applied to all foreign 
 labor and intended to suggest the fact that the foreign 
 laborer . . . works for almost nothing." Page 4 
 
 — Chicago Sunday Globe (editorial). Jan. 19, (lC)Col. 4
 
 ANNALS OF LABOR AND INDUSTRY IN ILLINOIS: 1890 
 
 ROCKFORD COOPERATIVES CRITICISED 
 
 "A Rockford correspondent of the Chicago Svenka Jan. 19 
 Tribunen , who signs himself 'Kal Kalson, ' is stirring 
 up some excitement by sending in articles reflecting 
 on the management of the cooperative furniture factories 
 here with respect to wages paid the employes, etc." ~ 
 
 - Morning Star, Rockford, Jan. 19. (IRo) Col. 6 
 
 RECREATION FACILITIES FOR ROLLING ]VIILLS EMPLOYES 
 
 "The imposing library building constructed by the com- Jan. 19 
 pany near the rolling mills in Joliet, and dedicated to 
 the uses of the workmen a few weeks since, is found to 
 accomplish most acceptably the purpose for which it was 
 erected. The Joliet News says that 'so generally are 
 the opportunities appreciated and taken advantage of by 
 the employes that it has been necessary to hire three 
 additional men to manage the building, one to take 
 charge of the billiard room, one to care for the bath- 
 room, and an assistant janitor. The classes in gymnas- 
 tics, mechanical drawing, and mathematics have been 
 organized and the former is well patronized.'" Page 4 
 
 — Chicago Sunday Clobe , Jan. 19. (IC) Col. 4 
 
 PACKING HOUSE EMPLOYES' ORGANIZATION TO BE PERMANENT 
 
 "The meeting of packing house employes held yesterday Jan. 19 
 afternoon at Turner Hall, corner of Thirty-sixth and 
 Halsted streets, to create an organization to fight the 
 packers' contracts, was well attended. A business meet- 
 ing was held, and brief addresses were made in German and 
 English by S. Hickler and George Schilling. Both were 
 mild in tone, but both talked to convince their hearers 
 of the benefits of organization. At the conclusion of 
 the speeches about fifty persons signed the membership 
 roll. A secret session was then held and the constitu- 
 tion and by-laws submitted by the committee were discussed.
 
 26 ANNALS OF LABOR AND INDUSTRY IN ILLINOIS; 1890 
 
 "The membership feo was made $1 until April 1, after 
 which date it will bo increased to 03' The meeting ad- 
 journed until Sunday next, when a permanent organization 
 will be affected." Page 2 
 
 —Chicago Globe , Jan. 20. (IC) Col. 3 
 
 PRESS FEEDERS APPEAL FOR UNION SUPPORT 
 
 "The Trades and Labor Assembly at their regular bi-week- Jan. 19 
 ly meeting at Bricklayers' Hall yesterday elected offi- 
 cers for the ensuing term. ... J. M. Shea, a delegate 
 from the Press Feeders' Union, appealed to the Assembly 
 for aid in the unequal fight they are- waging against 
 their employers for a raise in wages of $1.50 a week." Page 7 
 —Daily Inter Ocean, Chicago, Jan. 20. (IC) Col. 2 
 
 PROTECTION AND WAGIS 
 
 "About 200 free traders assembled in the recital hall Jan. 19 
 of the Auditorium last night to listen to W. R. Sterl- 
 ing's lecture on 'Protection and Wages.' Mr. Sterling 
 took the side of the tariff. ... He quoted statistics 
 and said much about the high wages of iron workers and 
 iron ore miners, claiming that 85 per cent of the money 
 brought by the act was paid to working men. 'Tommy' 
 Morgan was the first to challenge the speaker and threw 
 statistics at him by the handful. . . . 
 
 "Another man wanted to know why they did not put tags on 
 the backs of imported workingmen. . . . Another free 
 trader asked what difference it made to the workingman 
 whether foreign goods were sold at cheap prices in this 
 country or whether cheap men came ovor and made them here 
 for cheap prices." Page 5 
 
 —Chicago Times . Jan. 20. (ICN) Col. 2
 
 ANNALS OF LABOR AND INHTSTRY IN ILLINOIS: 1890 
 
 COOPERS' STRIKE PROB.;BLE 
 
 "The coopers employed in the shops connected with the Jan. 19 
 packing houses at the stockyards may strike today. 
 Delegates from forty shops met at 71 West Lake street 
 yesterday afternoon and so decided, according to several 
 of those present. The men are receiving 30 cents for 
 barrels and 35 cents for tierces. Last week they de- 
 manded an increase of 5 cents. All the employers re- 
 fused to grant the advance with the exception of three — 
 Charles Rickerts, Mrs. Sheridan, and M. Geisler. The 
 men considered that their demand was a just one and re- 
 quested it, but met with a second refusal." 
 
 The meeting was held behind closed doors — "no reporters 
 need apply" — but it was said that the men would strike 
 Monday, January 20. It is the busy season and the men 
 expect to win. Page 5 
 
 —Chicago Times , Jan. 20. (ICN) Col. 1 
 
 SOCIALIST LE.hDERS DISAGREE 
 
 A controversy arose at the regular Sunday meeting Jan. 19 
 of the Waverly Hall socialists yesterday. 
 Mrs. Woodman offered a resolution commending the 
 Afro-American convention for its move to break away 
 from old party lines. The negroes were wiser, she 
 said, than their fellow wage working slaves. Joe 
 Gruenhut took marked exception to the resolution, 
 and in the course of the altercation which followed, 
 called "Tommy" Morgan a fool. For this indignity 
 he was denied the privilege of the floor at this 
 and future meetings. Page 5 
 
 —Chicago Times , Jan. 20. (ICN) Col. 1 
 
 LOCKOUT OF T.1IL0RS AT ROCK ISLAND 
 
 Excerpt from proceedings of the General Executive Board 
 of the Journeymen Tailors' Union of America in session
 
 ANNALS OF LiYBOR .WD INDUSTRY IN ILLINOIS; 1890 
 
 in New York City January 19, 1890: 
 
 "G. S. (General Secretary) read a letter from Rock Island 
 Union, No. 34, asking to be sustained in a pending lock- 
 out against a reduction. 
 
 "Moved and seconded that the Rock Island Union be sustain- 
 ed. Carried." Page 7 
 — The Tailor, New York, Feb. (ICJ) Col. 2 
 
 CLAIMS STOCKY.'ffiDS COOPERS ARE SiCTISFIED 
 
 "A reporter who made a tour of the stockyards cooper Jan. 20 
 shops this morning found all the men at ;vork and no 
 signs of a strike. Union men are at work in each shop, 
 with the exception of Swift's, where non-union men havo 
 been employed for several weeks, . . . 
 
 "It was not learned that any further action would be 
 taken. The packers havo heard of no discontent with 
 prices, and they say they are not apprehensive." 
 
 All coopers have been receiving 35 cents a barrel, but Page 3 
 the city men desire 5 cents additional. No trouble is Col. 2 
 anticipated. 1st 
 
 — Chicago Evening Journal , Jan. 20, (IC) Edition 
 
 ELGIN WATCH FACTORY ENL;:ffiGED 
 
 "Plans have been prepared for building two additional Jan. 20 
 
 wings to the watch factory, and the work will be begun 
 
 as the weather permits. One wing is to be 83 feet long 
 
 and 3 stories high; the other is to be 76 feet long and 
 
 2 stories high. They will be virtual extensions of the 
 
 present large buildings. A number of departments of 
 
 these mammoth factories are now crowded to the utmost.
 
 AMALS OF LABOR AND INDUSTRY IN ILLINOIS: 1890 29_ 
 
 and with an increase of orders and a constant widening of 
 the field of sales, the building of additions has been 
 found to be necessary. This will be the means of giving 
 a large additional force of skilled workmen employment." 
 
 —Elgin Daily News . Jan. 20. Page 4 
 ((Jail Borden Public Library) Col. 3 
 
 PRESS FEEDERS STILL ON STRIKE 
 
 "The press feeders' strike is still on, They are in- Jan. 20 
 sisting upon $10.50 per week, but the printing houses 
 have so far refused the advance. The matter has been 
 taken up by a committee of the Trades Assembly, and it 
 is hoped that a settlement will be reached early this 
 week." Page 2 
 
 —Chicago Globe , Jan. 20. (IC) Col. 5 
 
 TRADE SCHOOLS PROPOSED 
 
 "At the annual meeting of the Builders' and Traders' Jan. 21 
 
 Exchange it was suggested that the surplus in the Page 2 
 
 treasury be used for the inauguration of a system of Col. 5 
 
 trade schools throughout the country." 12 o'cl. 
 
 —Chicago Mail , Jan. 21. (ICN) Edition 
 
 CITY COOPERS ON STRIKE 
 
 "A. T. Booth, formerly an employe in Gadiux's cooper Jan. 21 
 shop, corner Twenty-second street and Butterfield avenue, 
 states that between 500 and 600 city coopers are on a 
 strike for an increase of 5 cents on the price paid for 
 making barrels. The stockyards coopers have refused to 
 join in the strike. The men at the yards express them-
 
 30 ANNALS OF LABOR AND INDUSTRY IN ILLINOIS: 1890 
 
 selves as well pleased with the pay they are receiving." Page 2 
 —Chica go Clob^, Jan. 21. (IC) Col. 4 
 
 COOPERS' STRIKE PROBABLY SUCCESSFUL 
 
 Prospects are bright that the coopers' strike in the Jan. 21 
 stockyards district will be a success. Certain employ- 
 ers have granted the wage increase from 35 cents to 40 
 cents per barrel. It seems that other firms because of 
 limited inventories will have to do likewise or lose the 
 packers' patronage. 
 
 — Illinois Staat s -Zeitimg , Page 2 
 Chicago (trans.), Jan. 22. (ICN)Col. 5 
 
 SAYS STRIKERS SUFFER LOSS OF JOBS 
 
 "The strike of press feeders who went out two weeks ago Jan. 21 
 is over, and in many places the strikers have lost their Page 2 
 positions." Col. 5 
 
 12 o'cl. 
 — Chicago Mail , Jan. 21. (ICN) Edition 
 
 EIGHT HOUR-DAY FOR CITY E^PLOYES 
 
 "The question of taking steps to enforce the board rule Jan. 21 
 on the eight-hour question came up before the Public 
 Service Committee yesterday. Commissioner Kelly offered 
 a resolution empowering the heads of the various county 
 institutions to immediately hire such additional help as 
 they need to enable them to work employes but eight hours 
 each day." Page 6 
 
 — Daily Inter Ocean , Chicago, Jan. 22. (IC) Col. 6
 
 ANNALS OF LABOR AND INDUSTRY IN ILLDTOIS ;. 1890 31 
 
 COOPERS DECLARE FOR FIRM STAND 
 
 "A well-attended meeting of the coopers on strike was Jan. 21 
 held at No. 71 Lake street last evening, and the unani- 
 mous determination was expressed to remain out until the 
 advance is conceded by the bosses. Mr. Henry Smith, 
 secretary of the organization, said at the co-iclusion of 
 the meeting: 'Forty shops in the city are affected by 
 the strike, the total number of men out being about four 
 hxindred. . . . •" Page 7 
 
 —Daily Inter Ocean , Chicago, Jan. 22. (IC) Col. 2 
 
 PRESS FEEDERS STILL OLT? 
 
 "President John M. Shea of the Press Feeders' Union has Jan. 22 
 sent out a communication denying some published state- 
 ments to the effect that the feeders' strike was over. 
 He says: 
 
 "'Please allow me to state that the strike which commenc- 
 ed Monday, December 30, is not over, nor is there any 
 prospect that it will be over while the proprietors Page 29 
 maintain their present attitude. On the contrary, we Col. 4 
 are just commencing to get interested in the matter.'" 12 o'cl. 
 —Chicago Mail, Jan. 22. (IGN) Edition 
 
 BRBVERS' UNION SUED BY FORMER MEMBER 
 
 "Judge Driggs gave Michael A. Reinke judgement for $900 Jan. 22 
 in his suit for $10,000 against the International 
 Brewers' and Malsters' Union and Peter Young as secre- 
 tary." Reinke, a journeyman brewer, was a member of 
 the union, but declared that "v;hen an assessment for 
 the benefit of the Anarchist defense fiind was levied 
 he declined to pay and was expelled." The master brew- 
 ers had an agreement to employ no men who were not mem- 
 bers of the union. Hence Reinke was discharged and was
 
 32 AJ^ALS OF LABOR AND INCTJSTRY IN ILLINOIS; 1B90 
 
 unable to obtain work at other breweries. Then he sued 
 the union and its secretary for keeping him out of work. 
 
 The defendant said the union had been lenient with Reinke 
 in spite of his violation of "laws in regard to assess- 
 ments," and that Reinke was expelled when he "was put on 
 a visiting committee detailed to call on sick members" 
 and "refused to act." Page 2 
 
 —Chicago Globe , Jan. 22. (IC) Col. 3 
 
 FAVOR ARBITRATION 
 
 The final session of the convention of the Master Jan. 23 
 Tailors' Association was held yesterday at the Palmer 
 House. The committee on strikes rendered a lengthy 
 report, recommending that the working day should consist 
 of 10 hours, and that each worker should earn enough to 
 live decently. Where these standards are not maintained, 
 it was contended, the ready-to-wear dealers are at fault 
 and not the master tailors. Resolutions were passed re- 
 commending the arbitration of wage disputes and empa- 
 sizing the desirability of outlawing strikes. 
 
 The report was accepted. 
 
 — Illinois Staats-Zeitung, Page 8 
 Chicago (trans.), Jan. 24. (ICN) Col. 3 
 
 WILLIAMSON COUNTY ONE OF EGYPT'S MOST ATTRACTIVE COUNTIES 
 
 ". . . She has an excellent climate, fertile lands, Jan. 23 
 plenty of water, i-nmense coal fields and transcendent 
 forests. The timber industry, while yet only in its in- 
 fancy, is of considerable moment; and as railroads pene- 
 trate the county more, as the public learn of our forests, 
 capital will inevitably be attracted and manufacturing 
 interests established. ... As a manufacturing county
 
 ANNALS OF LABOR AND INIUSTRY BT ILLINOIS: 1890 
 
 Williamson possesses attractions enough to make her the 
 most popular and wealthy county in the State." Page 4 
 
 — The Leader, Marion, Jan. 23. (Carnegie Library) Col. 2 
 
 STEEL COMPANY TO BUILD CLUB HOUSE 
 
 "The Illinois Steel Company will build its Milwaukee Jan. 23 
 employes a club house similar to the one at Joliet, 111. 
 The latter cost $50,000 and contains a library and read- 
 ing room, an art room, reception hall, gymnasium, bowl- 
 ing alley, hand ball court, billiard and card rooms, 
 bathrooms and an auditorium. " 
 
 —Journal of the Kiiights of Labor , Page 3 
 Philadelphia, Jan. 23. (ICJ) Col. 6 
 
 ESTABLISH RECORD FOR HEATING STEEL 
 
 "'The banner work on heating steel was done last week 
 by the Joliet 'Works of the Illinois Steel Co.' says 
 Iron Age , 'with 215,050 lbs. of steel being heated in 
 a single llg--hour shift, for wire drawing.'" 
 — Daily News. Joliet, Jan. 24. (Joliet Public Library) 
 
 Jan. 
 
 24 
 
 Page 
 Col. 
 
 2 
 2 
 
 EIGHT-HOUR WARD CLUBS 
 
 "The meeting in the interest of the eight-hour move- Jan. 24 
 
 ment held at No. 188 Blue Island avenue last night was 
 
 but slimly attended. So few were present, in fact, that 
 
 it was decided to postpone the matter of organizing a 
 
 club in the Nineteenth Ward until some future time. It 
 
 is the purpose of the Trades Assembly and Central Labor 
 
 union, acting together, to organize eight-hour ward
 
 AmflS OF LABOR AND INDUSTRY lU ILLINOIS: 1890 
 
 clubs, which shall embrace all classes of tradesmen, in 
 every ward in the city." Page 2 
 
 —Chicago Globe , Jan. 25. (10) Col. 2 
 
 WAGES AND PROFITS IN COOPER SHOPS 
 
 "Since the strike commenced the cooper bosses have been Jan. 24 
 claiming that the advance of 5 cents a barrel which is 
 demanded by the strikers cannot be given. That amount, 
 they claim, would absorb the greater part of the profits. 
 
 "A. T. Booth, chairman of the strikers' committee, has 
 prepared a statement to show that the additional 5 cents 
 a barrel can be given and then a good profit will be 
 left. It costs $1.18 to make a barrel — 38 cents for 
 staves, 16 cents for heading, 25^ cents for hoops, 3 
 cents fo cartage, and 35 cents for labor. They are 
 sold at $1.35, thus leaving a profit of 17 cents each. 
 In the shop where Mr. Booth is employed there are sixty- 
 six men. Each one makes seven barrels a day, making a 
 total of 462 barrels. These, with a profit of 17 cents 
 each, would make the aggregate week's profit $371.24 — 
 $1,884.96 a month. 
 
 "The other expenses per month are; Foreman of shop, 
 $60; foreman of yard, $48; teamsters, $108; and rent, 
 $100. The total profit per month, then, is $1,568.96, 
 according to Mr. Booth. Besides this, it is claimed, 
 the employes are each charged $1 a month for stock 
 wheeled in. For this work a man is paid $36, leaving 
 a balance of $30, which more than pays for such in- 
 cidentals as gas, etc." Page 5 
 —Chicago Times , Jan. 24. (ICN) Col. 2 
 
 WORK BADLY WANTED 
 "Thousands of men and women in this large city are this Jan. 25
 
 ANNALS OF LABOR MD INTUSTRY IN ILLINOIS: 1890 
 
 day shivering with cold and dying by the process of slow 
 starvation. ... At 36 West Madison street is. . . . the 
 office of the pounty agent. . . , 'No work,' is the cry. 
 'I've looked everywhere. I've tramped the city by the 
 week till my bare feet are on the ground. ... No work.' 
 
 "'That is the cry from morning till night,' said Chief 
 Clerk Stevenson yesterday. 'Can't find work. I never 
 heard of so many men — so many young men — who are un- 
 able to find a thing to do.'" Page 1 
 —Chicago Times, Jan. 25. (ICN) Col. 1. 
 
 PRESS FEEDERS' STRIKE ENDS 
 
 "The strike of the press feeders instituted in Chicago Jan. 25 
 a month ago for an increase of pay has been disastrous 
 to all hands, but this morning the strikers admitted 
 they had enough of it and gave up. 
 
 "Early this morning notice was sent to Rand & McNally 
 that the old men were ready to return to work at the 
 old schedule. At a great many other press rooms the 
 'Men Wanted' signs were torn down and most of the old 
 force was taken back. It is said that a great many of 
 the employing printers are delighted that the strike 
 has been declared off, as they were losing money with 
 the green feeders taken in." Page 1 
 
 --Chicago Daily News, Jan. 25. (ICN) Col. 5 
 
 ROCKFORD BOOSTERS TO ORGMIZE 
 
 "Call it what you will — a Board of Trade, Chamber of Jan. 25 
 Commerce, Real Estate Exchange, Business Men's Asso- 
 ciation, or Rockford's Get There Society — an organi- 
 zation will be perfected soon for showing up Rockford's 
 advantages as a manufacturing center to the outside 
 world. . . .
 
 36 ANNALS OF LABOR AND INDUSTRY IN ILLINOIS: 1890 
 
 "Rock River valley is destined to become one of the great- 
 est manufacturing centers in the United States. Here all 
 the advantages of Chicago as a distributing point can be 
 secured, without the exorbitant Garden City taxes, with- 
 out the workingmen being contaminated by proximity to 
 strike-breeding agitators. Here homes can be secured by 
 workingmen at reasonable rates, and in the immediate vicin- 
 ity of the institution in which they are employed. The 
 advantages of Rockford, the queen of all the thriving 
 cities in this valley, are so manifest and manifold that 
 they need but be enumerated to the manufacturer anxious 
 for Q location and to the laborer dissatisfied with his 
 surroundings to turn the eyes of each in this direction. 
 
 "To accomplish this a movement is on foot to establish a 
 sort of Chamber of Commerce. ..." Page 3 
 
 — ^Morning Star, Rockford, Jan. 25. (IRo) Col. 4 
 
 STATE OF THE CIGAR TRADE 
 
 Of 28 local unions in Illinois affiliated with the Cigar Jan. 25 
 Makers' International Union of America in January, 1890, 
 26 made reports to the official magazine, Cigar Makers ' 
 Official Journal , on the state of trade. Of these, 
 Decatur, Quincy, Joliet, Galesburg, La Salle, Bloomington, 
 Pittsfield, Pekin, and Monmouth described conditions as 
 fair, while Chicago Nos. 14 and 15 and Chicago Packers, 
 Springfield, Aurora, Champaign, Danville, Ottawa, Jack- 
 sonville, Peoria, Lincoln, Olney, Mendota, Blue Island, 
 Belleville, Alton and Tuscola described conditions as 
 dull, poor, quiet, or "no good." Moline and Streator 
 were the two local unions not reporting. Page 8 
 
 —Cigar Makers' Journal . Buffalo, N. Y. , Jan.(ICJ) Col. 1 
 
 CIGAR MAKERS STRIKE 
 'A number of cigar makers are on strike, and the present Jan. 25
 
 ANNALS OF LABOR AND INDUSTRY IN ILLINOIS: 1890 37 
 
 appearance of things indicates that the strike will be- 
 come general. The Cigar Makers' International Union 
 was one of the first to go into the eight-hour movement, 
 and in connection with no other has the plan been so 
 entirely and so successfully put into operation." The 
 manufacturers have been conferring and it seems that 
 they have "determined to bring about a fight on a side 
 issue — that of the schedule of prices — in the hope 
 that out of it the way of conducting an irresistible 
 attack on the eight-hour day may be developed." The 
 question of pay has been one that the unions have 
 fought for as vigorously as they have for the eight- 
 hour day. They won this point and received $3.50 per 
 day as the average pay in the cigar trade. 
 
 Numerous efforts have been made by the manufacturers 
 to destroy the Gigar Makers' International Union in 
 order to "deprive the men of all the benefits they 
 secured in their former contest. That they will be 
 unable to do so goes without saying. The union is 
 as strong today as it ever was in its history. 
 
 "The strike, which promises to be but the forerunner 
 of a general one, occurred in the factory of P. M. 
 Schwarz & Co., Nos. 75 and 7'7 Market street. Thirty 
 men are embraced in it. . , • The question in dispute 
 is that of pay." Several months ago the employes 
 accepted 50 cents per thousand below schedule rates on 
 Mr. Schwarz' s plea that times were bad. The union was 
 not notified. Now he has notified them that "hereafter 
 he would pay $2 per thousand below schedule rates." 
 The men quit work in a body, and Mr. Schwarz filled 
 their places with non-union hands. Page 1 
 
 —Chicago Sunday Globe, Jan. 26. (IC) Col. 5 
 
 STEEL MILL WAGES SETTLED 
 "The Illinois Steel Co. and the Amalgamated Association Jan. 26
 
 38 ANNALS OF L.ifflOR AND INDUSTRY IN ILLINOIS: 1890 
 
 of Iron and Steel Workers agreed yesterday on the wage 
 scale for the coming year after several days' negotia- 
 tion during which the mills had been shut down. Busi- 
 ness has increased so greatly that a 10?S to 20% increase 
 was agreed upon for all departments, restoring in full 
 the cut which was effected last year." Page 3 
 
 —Daily News, Joliet, Jan. 27. (Joliet Public Library) Col. 2 
 
 UNITED MINE WORKERS' CONVENTION 
 
 "Columbus, Ohio, Jan. 26. --The United Mine Workers, at Jan. 26 
 their convention today, agreed upon the following scale 
 of prices, per ton: 
 
 Streator, Illinois - $ .90 
 
 La Salle, Illinois — 1.00 
 
 Spring Valley, Illinois 1.00 
 
 Springfield, Illinois .7l4 
 
 Stauton and Mt. Olive, Illinois .66-|- 
 
 Peoria District .85 
 
 "The scale to take effect May 1st. The question of a 
 defense fund was discussed, and the convention adjourned 
 to 9 A.M. tomorrow." Page 1 
 
 — Daily Inter Ocean , Chicago, Jan. 27. (IC) Col. 4 
 
 ANARCHISTS FAIL TO INTEREST SOCIALISTS 
 
 A story of a Socialist meeting at Waverly Hall ends thus: Jan. 26 
 
 "No meeting of the Socialist Labor party was held at 106 
 East Randolph street yesterday. Anarchist Oliver and 
 other radical labor leaders have for three Siindays tried 
 to get a crowd together in the hall at that number, but 
 have failed. ... It is intended to run an opposition 
 to Tommy Morgan's Waverly Hall meeting." Page 5 
 
 — Chicago Times, Jan. 27. (ICN) Col. 2
 
 ANNALS OF LABOR AND INDUSTRY IN ILLINOIS: 1890 
 
 m^M UNION HALL 
 
 "Enterprise Union No. 242 of the Carpenters' Union in- Jan. 26 
 tends to build a conmunity building 50 i 100 feet on 
 a plot of land acquired. . . in the Ashland Avenue and 
 47th Street Subdivision. The building will have meet- 
 ing rooms for lodges and a dance hall. Lectures on 
 workers' affairs will be held from time to time in the 
 lodge rooms." 
 
 — Illinois Staats-Zeitung , Page 4 
 Chicago (trans.), Jan. 26. (ICN) Col. 2 
 
 SHOP COOPERS TO FORM UNION 
 
 "Frank Sullivan, P. Gleason, and F. Hass were selected Jan. 26 
 by the coopers at a meeting at No. 71 ';/est Lake street 
 yesterday afternoon to circulate a petition for the for- 
 mation of a shop coopers' union for the purpose of pre- 
 venting unnecessary strikes and lockouts. Fifty-three 
 signatures were obtained to the petition. The movement 
 is to be made general throughout the city, the organi- 
 zation to be known as the Shop Coopers' Branch of the 
 Brotherhood of United Labor. The assembly, made up of 
 the striking coopers and others, was presided over by 
 A. T. Booth. 
 
 "The speeches were directed to strengthening the courage 
 of the strikers yet out, who are demanding 40 cents for 
 barrels and tiorces, instead of 35, formerly paid. It 
 was claimed by some of the speakers that the recent 
 strike is practically over, and that of the 500 men who 
 were not working a week ago there are at present but 125 
 whose employers have not met the demands for an advance." 
 
 — Daily Inter Ocean , Page 7 
 
 Chicago, Jan. 27. (IC) Col. 1 
 
 MEAT PACKERS' UNION 
 'Packing house employes interested in the organization Jan. 26
 
 40 
 
 ANNALS OF LABOR AND INDUSTRY IN ILLINOIS: 1890 
 
 of a union met at Turner Hall, No. 3611 Halsted street, 
 yesterday afternoon. Thomas Armstrong presided. 
 Several joined, making the membership roll about 150." Page 7 
 —Daily Inter Ocean , Chicago, Jan. 27. (IC) Col. 1 
 
 WHISKEY TRUST REORGANIZES 
 
 "The Distillers and Cattle Feeders' Trust Company has Jan . 27 
 decided to reorganize the company and form it into a 
 regular corporation under the state laws," to increase 
 public confidence in the stability of the trust. 
 
 Other trusts, especially those in the East, are facing 
 failure, but the Whiskey Trust is in better condition 
 than most Illinois corporations. The trust, through 
 J. B. Greenhut, the president, and George J. Gibson, 
 the secretary, has called a special meeting to be held 
 at 207 N. Jefferson avenue for Feb. 11, 1890. Page 6 
 
 — Peoria Transcript , Jan. 27. (IP) Col. 2 
 
 UNITED AMERICAN MECHANICS 
 
 "The Illinois State Council of the Junior Order of 
 United American Mechanics was in annual session 
 at No. 73 East Jackson street yesterday. . . . 
 Counsellor Strobe reported nine councils ready for 
 organization, and that the order had doubled the 
 membership within a few months. ..." 
 
 —Chicago Globe , Jan. 28. (IC) 
 
 Jan. 27 
 
 Page 4 
 Col. 3 
 
 CIGAR MAKERS .-WTICIPATE TROUBLE 
 The Illinois Staats-Zeitung predicts trouble in the 
 
 Jan. 27
 
 ANIMALS OF LABOR AND INDUSTRY IN ILLINOIS: 1890 41 
 
 cigar-making industry. The feeble fight waged by the 
 Cigar Makers' International Union invites the manufac- 
 turers to make the ten-hour day inevitable. Two unions 
 were apprehensive of a further cut in wages, although 
 they had recently declared a strike in protest of a 
 $2 reduction a thousand. 
 
 Thirty workers are said to have walked out at Swartz 
 & Co. Mr. Swartz declared that the talk of the workers 
 is idle nonsense. He admitted the presence of a few 
 trouble makers, but declared that he pays the highest 
 rate in the city and that he has all the help he needs, 
 
 — Illinois Staats-Zeitung , Page 2 
 
 Chicago (trans.), Jan. 27. (ICN) Col. 3 
 
 PROTEST AGAINST UTILITY PROPERTY OVJNERSHIP 
 
 The IVaverly Hall Socialists adopted a resolution con- Jan. 27 
 demning the "recent decision by Judge Shepard confirm- 
 ing the exclusive title of the South Side Railway Comp- 
 any in the use of south side streets." The decision, the 
 resolution declares, "emphasizes the absolute nature of 
 the powers conferred upon private corporations . . . (and) 
 the recklessness of the municipal authorities in granting 
 away public highways for private purposes." Pago 3 
 
 —Chicago Globe, Jan. 27. (IC) Col. 1 
 
 SAILORS' CONVENTION 
 
 "A district convention of lake sailors, including the Jan. 28 
 members of Assembly 136, Knights of Labor, and a number 
 of visiting delegates, said to represent between 3,000 
 and 4,000 sailors, began yesterday at No. 99 7/est 
 Randolph street." Page 7 
 
 —Daily Inter Ocean , Chicago, Jan. 29. (IC) Col. 1
 
 .^NNAL3 OF LABOR AND INDUSTRY IN ILLINOIS; 1890 
 
 WORK BEGUN ON WATCH CASE FACTORY 
 
 "There is now tangible evidence of a new factory in the Jan. 28 
 north end of town. Andrew Magnus, who has taken the 
 contract for the masonry, began active operation this 
 morning. 
 
 "Contractor Magnus has 20 men and 6 teams employed at 
 excavating for the watch case factory works. He ex- 
 pects laying the foundation stones this week." 
 
 —Elgin Daily News , Jan. 28. Page 4 
 (Gail Borden Public Library) Col. 2 
 
 SIT-DO'-VN STRIKE THREATENED 
 
 "It is said that the employes of the West Side Street Jan. 29 
 
 Car. Co. arc intending to sit on the scene. . . as soon 
 
 as the cable trains are started, as they are afraid that 
 
 Yerkes will break the unity of the employes of the west 
 
 side by the hiring of drivers for pulley cars as he did 
 
 on the most recent strike on the north side. Herr 
 
 Yerkes denied that any discontent reigned among his 
 
 people." 
 
 — Illinois Staats-Zeitung , Page 5 
 Chicago (trans.), Jan. 30. (ICN) Col. 1 
 
 ADVERTISMENT STRESSES DIVIDENDS TO EMPLOYES 
 
 A news item supplementing an advertisement in the Jan. 29 
 Staats-Zeitung describes the annual profit-sharing 
 dividend paid by the Rogers Peet Clothing Company to 
 their junior partners, as all their employes are called. 
 The amount to be divided is $15,000. Superior workman- 
 ship, observes the item, naturally results from such an 
 arrangement. This line of clothing is sold by F. H. 
 Atwood, northwest corner of Clark and Madison streets. 
 
 —Illinois Staats-Zeitung , Page 8 
 
 Chicago (trans.), Jan. 29. (ICN) Col. 5
 
 ANNALS OF LABOR AND INEUSTRY IN ILLINOIS: 1890 
 
 DULL SEASON FOR TAILORS 
 Peoria is one of seven cities in different states which Jan. 
 
 union tailors are warnsd to avoid. The warning includes 
 the Pacific Coast, and concludos: 
 
 "In fact, if you have work, stay where you are at 
 present, as trade even for the dull season is very 
 dull . " Page 4 
 
 —The Tailor, New York, Jan. (ICJ) Col. 1 
 
 JOLIET STEEL MILI^ RAISE MGES 
 
 "The mills of the Illinois Steel Company in Joliet, Jan. 50 
 
 with one exception, have been closed for a month for 
 
 the annual repairs, and have been awaiting the adjustment 
 
 of wages. It is said that a scale has been agreed on for 
 
 the ensuing year which makes an aggregate advance of 15 
 
 to 18 per cent on the rates of last year and that about 
 
 February 1st the mills will resume operations, with 
 
 about 1,500 men." 
 
 — Journal of the Knights of Labor , Page 3 
 Philadelphia, Jan. 30. (ICJ) Col. 7
 
 ANNALS OF LABOR AND INDUSTRY IN ILLINOIS ! 1890 
 
 LOCOMOTIVE WORKS INCORPORATED 
 
 "The Grant Locomotive Works have been incorporated ir Feb. 1 
 Illinois for the purpose of manufacturing locomotives 
 
 and other machinery. Capital stock, $800,000." Page 95 
 
 — The Railway Conductor . Cedar Rapids, la., Feb.l, (ICJ) Col. 1 
 
 MINERS' CONVMTION POSTPONED 
 
 The state convention of miners has been postponed 
 from Feb. 4 to Mar. 4 to enable their new affiliate, 
 the Knights of Labor, to choose delegates. 
 
 — Chicago Mail . Feb. 1. (ICN) 
 
 Feb. 1 
 Page 1 
 Col. 1 
 12 o'cl. 
 Edition 
 
 PROGRAM OF TRADES AND LABOR ASSElffiLY 
 
 "At the meeting of the Trades and Labor Assembly 
 
 in Bricklayers' Hall yesterday afternoon, Mr. Robert 
 
 Nelson, the newly elected president, took the chair 
 
 and in a few remarks outlined what he believed should 
 
 be the policy of the assembly during the ensuing 
 
 term — a policy he promised to do his utmost to support. 
 
 Feb. 
 
 They are: to "stick more closely to our constitution 
 
 and to trades-union principles;" to "limit our member- Page 1 
 
 ship to delegates from bona fide trade unions;" to Col. 6 
 
 "confine ourselves strictly to labor questions." 11 o'cl. 
 
 — Chicago Daily News . Feb. 3. (ICN) Edition 
 
 NEW COOPERS' UNION 
 
 "The Coopers' Union, at a meeting at 71 West Lake 
 street yesterday afternoon, decided on the foundation 
 of a new organization to be composed of coopers 
 and to be national in its scope. The organization will 
 be known as the Brotherhood of United Labor. It was 
 
 Feb.
 
 ANNALS OF LABOR AND INDUSTRY IN ILLINOIS: 1890 45 
 
 decided to communicate at once with the coopers of 
 Louisville, Omaha, Kansas City, and St. Louis, and 
 interest them in the movement. In Chicago it was 
 decided to have too assembly rooms, one on the south 
 side and one on the west side, their location to be 
 determined at a future meeting. Committees were 
 appointed to solicit members in all the shops in Page 2 
 Chicago and make their report at a meeting to be held Col. 3 
 next Sunday afternoon at the same place." 11 o'cL 
 
 — Chicago Daily News , Feb. 3. (ICU) Edition 
 
 MEAT PACKERS ATTEMPT ORGANIZATION 
 
 "About twenty-nine members of the union the packing Feb. 2 
 house men are trying to organize met yesterday after- 
 noon in secret session in Turner Hall, Thirty-sixth 
 and Halsted streets. A report was received from the 
 Central Labor Union, which promised to send speakers 
 to the next mass meeting." 
 
 Members Weiss and Botzky were elected respectively to 
 the offices of treasurer and financial secretary. 
 Vice-president Freewald resigned. About twenty-five 
 new members joined. Page 5 
 
 —Chicago Times . Feb. 3. (ICN) Col. 1 
 
 LECTURE AT LABOR MEETING 
 
 "The attendance at the meeting of the Parsons Feb. 2 
 
 Assembly, 54 West Lake street, yesterday was very 
 small. Before the speaking began Albert, the 11- 
 year old son of Mrs. Parsons, distributed to each 
 person a prospectus of his mother's book, entitled 
 'Life of Albert R. Parsons, with a Brief History . 
 of the Labor Movement in America.' 
 
 "The speaker yesterday was George A. Schilling of the 
 Arbeiter Zeitimg , who lectured on 'Modern Schools of 
 Economics.' ... He named three schools — the single 
 tax, the Socialist, and the Anarchist." He then 
 explained the differences betv/een them. Page 5 
 
 - -Chicago Times , Feb. 3. (ICN) Col. 1
 
 46 ANNALS OF LABOR AND INDUSTRY IN ILLINOIS : 1890 
 
 CORNICE lOKERS SUPPORT EIGHT-HOUR MOVElvlENT 
 
 "The local Assembly of Cornice Makers met at 36 La Feb. 3 
 Salle street yesterday afternoon. With a view to 
 increasing their strength and co-operating with the 
 Federation of Labor as a trade in the eight-hour 
 movement, committees were appointed to do missionary 
 work among the non-xmion cornice makers." Page 5 
 
 — Chicago Times . Feb. 3. (ICN) Col. 1 
 
 SOCIALISTS CONDEim EMPLOYIENT OF SPIES 
 
 "The Socialists at Wavi^rly Hall yesterday spent Feb. 2 
 most of the session discussing resolutions offered 
 by 'Tommy' Morgan condemning the city authorities 
 for employing spies in the labor organizations of 
 the city. 
 
 "'Resolved, That while we cheerfully concede the 
 right of the public authorities to possess them- 
 selves of every information needed to prevent illegal 
 acts or violations of public security by well-meaning 
 but misguided discontents, we hereby express our ab- 
 horrence and condemnation of the adoption by our 
 local city government of police methods in comman use 
 by the despotic governments of Germany and Russia. ' 
 
 "The resolutions were adopted unanimously . . . . " 
 The Mayor was singled out for special denunciation. Fage 5 
 — Chicago Times , Feb. 3. (ICN) Col. 1 
 
 POSTAL CLERKS ORGAl\riZE 
 
 "At 3 o'clock yesterday afternoon 130 post-office Feb. 
 clerks from all departments of the Chicago office 
 assembled in room 65 of the government building and 
 perfected a permanent organization, electing the fol- 
 lowing officers: President, James Donahue; vice- 
 president, Capt. P. J. O'Connor; secretary, J. J. 
 O'Brien: treasurer, Michael J. Kearins. A committee 
 was appointed to draft a constitution and by-laws and 
 report at a future meeting to be called by the president. 
 Among the stimulants to organization was the desire to se- 
 cure a graduated scale of salaries and a short annual va- 
 cation which is not now provided for by law. It is the
 
 AMALS OF LABOR MP IITDUSTEY III ILLINOIS ; 1 890 47_ 
 
 intontion to adopt the New York city plan, which 
 was indorsed, and a telegram to that effect for- 
 warded to the convention of post-office clerks 
 now in session in Washington, hut with the assur- 
 ance that the Chicago clerks would abide hy the 
 
 action of the convention, he it whit it may," Page 5 
 
 — Chicago Times . Feb. 3. (iCll) Col. 3 
 
 POSTMASTER SUPPORTS POSTAL 
 CLERKS' DWiAl'IDS 
 
 "The recent move on the part of the post office Feb. 3 
 
 clerks to form an organization and demand grad- 
 uated scale of wages and at least a fifteen days' 
 vacation once a year is looked upon very favorably 
 by the post-office officials. 
 
 "Said Postmaster Sexton: 'The men are acting 
 in the best possible manner to attain their 
 desires. I am willing to help them if I can.'" 
 
 The carriers enjoy many advantages which the 
 clerks do not, he declared. For example, the car- 
 riers have an eight hour day, a graduated salary 
 scale entitling them to a salary of $1,000 after 
 three years' service, and a paid vacation. On the 
 other hand, the clerks are generally required to 
 work twelve hours a day, are paid only $300 to $600 ■ 
 a year and have no vacation, Tha superior conditions Page 1 
 which the carriers enjoy were obtained because of Col. 4 
 effective organization, said the postmaster. 5 o'cl. 
 
 — Chicago Daily Uews. Feb. 3. (ICN) Edition 
 
 RAILROAD CONSOLIDATION DEFENDED 
 
 Excerpts from an article in the Railway Review Feb. 3 
 
 defend the practice of railroad consolidation on 
 grounds of economy and efficiency. The contiguity 
 of the C, & E. I. to the Jfeckey system and the Wis- 
 consin Central to the Northern Packfic is cited as 
 evidence of the feasibility of consolidation. Page 5 
 
 — Chicago Tines . Feb. 3. (ICN) Col. 5
 
 48 ANN.US OF LABOR AND INDUSTRY IN ILLINOIS: 1890 
 
 NEW ILLINOIS CORPORATIONS LICENSED 
 
 "Springfield, 111., February 3. — (Special) —The Yah. 5 
 Secretary of State issued licenses to-day to the 
 following: Norton Brothers, at Chicago; to do a 
 manufacturing business in metal goods; capital stock 
 $1,000,000; incorporators, 0. W. Norton, Edwin Norton, 
 0. F. Swift. Columbia Harness Company, at Chicago; 
 to manufacture harness and horse goods; capital stock, 
 $25,000. Weiss Woolen Company, at Charleston; to Page 2 
 manufacture woolen goods; capital stock, $45,000." Col. 3 
 —Chicago Evening Journal , Feb. 3. (IC) 1st. Ed. 
 
 "National Watch Case Company, Elgin; to manufacture Feb. 4 
 
 watch cases; capital stock, $250,000; incorporators. Page 7 
 
 M. C. Eppstein, T. W. Duncan, D. F. Wile." Col. 3 
 
 —Chicago Evening Journal , Feb. 5. (IC) 1st .Ed. 
 
 INDUSTRIAL GIRLS' CLUB FORMED 
 
 "A new girls' club has just been started in the city. Feb. 
 The new club is called the Social Industrial Club and 
 is to be kept exclusively for self-supporting, honest, 
 industrious girls. . . . The club will offer opportun- 
 ities for recreation, reading, and the learning of the 
 house-hold arts. ..." 
 
 —Chicago Mail . Feb. 4. (ICN) 
 
 Page 
 
 2 
 
 Col. 
 
 4 
 
 12 0' 
 
 cl. 
 
 Edition 
 
 PACKING HOUSE MAY BE EST.'iBLISHED IN BLOOMINGTON 
 
 "Bloomington, 111., Feb. 4. A representative of Feb. 4 
 Phil D. Armour is in this city, and it is said 
 negotiations are pending for the purchase by Mr. 
 Armour of the Bloomington Packinghouse, owned by 
 William Van Schlook and the estate of George A. 
 Tryner. It is said that if the purchase is 
 consummated a very large packing establishment 
 will be constructed in this city. Mr. Armour already 
 has here a large depot for dressed meats." Page 9 
 
 — Daily Inter Ocean , Chicago, Feb, 5. (IC) Col. 2
 
 AMALS OF LABOR ANJ IMDUSTRY IN ILLIHOIS : 1890 
 
 49 
 
 AOTUAL MEETING OF STOVE FOUNDERS 
 
 "The annual meeting of the National Association of 
 Stove Founders will connence this norning at the Palmer 
 House. The convention will be attended "by most of the 
 well-known stove manufacturers of this country. All 
 topics of interest to the trade will he discussed, the 
 old officers will read addresses, and new officers will 
 be elected. 
 
 Feb. 
 
 "Yesterday the National Defense Association held its 
 annual session at the above hotel. The members of the 
 defense association are members of the stove fo-unders, 
 but the organizations are not identical. 
 
 "The defense association was organized six years ago, 
 the incentive being a series of moulders' strikes that 
 proved very disastrous to the stove manufacturers. The 
 purpose of the organization is to equalize wages and 
 investigate complaints prefaced by employes. If any 
 stove manufacturer tries to pay his man less monej'' than 
 moulders or stove-makers in other cities are paid the 
 Defense Association may interfere. The organization 
 backs up any firm which nay become involved in a strike 
 by the unjustifiable action of its employes. " 
 
 — Daily Inter Ocean . Chicago, Feb. 5. (IC) 
 
 Fage 
 Col. 
 
 STENOGRAPHERS FORM SOCIETY 
 
 "There was a well attended meeting of prominent 
 stenographers of the city held in the parlor of the 
 Y. M. C.A. building last evening to form a society." 
 The officers elected were: C V. Oden, president; 
 Frances Orendorff , vice-president; Lewis B. Howe, 
 secretary; Carrie M. Gill, treasurer. 
 
 — Peoria Transcript , Feb. 6. (IP) 
 
 Feb. 
 
 Page 8 
 Col. 3 
 
 FOUNDRY BUSINESS INCREASES AT AURORA 
 
 "Mr. Pettingill informed a News representative yester- 
 day that on Tuesday, he had placed an order with 
 Cassidy & Sons of the North Broadway foundry for 
 20,000 pounds of castings. Orders for an equal amount 
 will probably be given to Love Brothers and to the 
 American Well Works, as they cannot be gotten out 
 
 Feb.
 
 50 AMLAS OF LABOR AND INDUSTRY IN ILLINOIS ; 1890 
 
 fast enough yet at the Monitor Works. They are build- 
 ing both pulverizers and hay presses at present, putting 
 on new hands every day, and quite a number will probably 
 be brought out from Chicago Monday. 
 
 "In reference to that new building started the other 
 
 day, which is to be 40 X 280 feet in size, Mr. Pettingill 
 said it was designed for anothar pujrpose not contemplated 
 in the original plans for the company, but did not volun- 
 teer any information in that connection. This building 
 will be hrrri'jd along as fast as possible, but owing 
 to the frightful condition of the streets and the diffi- 
 culties experienced in getting material upon the ground, 
 the erection of the main portion of the factory will not 
 be commenced until spring, 
 
 "The indications are that, as Senator Evans has insisted 
 from the first, the Monitor Works will prove to be an 
 agreeable surprise to our people and a concern of much 
 more importance than the company claimed for it." Page 1 
 — Aurora Daily News . Feb. 6. (lA) Col. 1 
 
 SLEEPING-CAR PORTERS DISAGREE 
 
 The more progressive sleeping-car porters in the employ Feb. 5 
 of the Pullman Company believe that the men should 
 organize a union to demand a living wage. Salaries at 
 present range from $15 to $25 a month besides the tips 
 which the porters are able to beg. Because they do not Page 1 
 see the advantages which could be won by solid organi- Col, 1 
 zation, many of the porters are opposed to the union. 3 o'cl, 
 — Chicago Mail . Feb. 5, (ICN) Edition 
 
 MISSISSIPPI VALLEY HOMESTEAD & LOAN 
 COMPANY OF CHICAGO 
 
 "The largest homestead and loan association in the Feb. 
 
 world, with a capital of $60,000,000, has been organized 
 
 in Chicago and is now ready for business. A company 
 
 with such enormous capital can deal in $1,000,000 
 
 business blocks as easily as grocers buy and sell 
 
 Boston baked beans. But it is not the intention
 
 AJINALS OF LABOR mD II-IDUS'fRY IN ILLINOIS : 1890 51 
 
 of this conpany to handle "business property. It is 
 largely a "benevolent concern, and, "being organized 
 upon a "broad scheme of disintarosted philanthropy, 
 will not undert.ike to crush with the power of its 
 great wealth the small loan associations which are 
 stru^'gling along in their hum"ble way upon a capital 
 of a few hundred thousand dollars. The chief pur- 
 pose of the conpany is, to quote fron the prospectus, 
 to "be a niutual savings "bank for the poor. Realizing 
 that what are commonly called 'easy payments' are often 
 very hard payments for people with small incomes the 
 projectors of this monster association have placeithe 
 shares at only $1 each, with 30 cents a month, or one 
 cent a day, as the rate of monthly payments. What an 
 opportunity for clerks, lahorers, mechanics, and 
 servant girlsl Who will dare declare in face of such 
 an association as this, that capital is the enemy of 
 the poor? 
 
 "This magnificent association, the like of which 
 does not exist in the world, is known as the Missis- 
 ippi "Valley Homestead and Loan Company of Chicago. " 
 
 This item appears under a general headline, "It's 
 Great on Paper." The intention evidently is to dis- 
 credit the scheme and to warn the public against it. Page 1 
 — Chicaf^o Tines . Fe'b. 5. (ICN) Col. 1 
 
 WHISKEY TRUST INCORPORATED 
 
 "New York-, The Distillers and Cattle Feeders' Trust — Fe"b. 5 
 popularly known as the Whiskey Trust — is to be convert- 
 ed next week into an ordinarj^ corporation. ..." 
 
 Page 1 
 
 The o"bject is to enlist independent firms that o"bject Col. 1 
 
 to a trust, "but have no o"bjections to a corporation, 12 o'cl. 
 
 — Chica^:o {fail . Feb. 5. (ICN) Edition 
 
 COOPERS WIN RAISE 
 
 "The Chicago Coopers won the demand for 35 cents for Feb. 6 
 barrels and 40 cents for tierces." 
 
 — Journal of the Knights of Labor . Page 3 
 
 Philadelphia, Feb. 6. (ICJ) Col. 6
 
 52 ANNALS OF LABOR AND INDUSTRY IN ILLINOIS ; 1890 
 
 NET'*' UNION ESTABLISHED 
 
 "Three months ago there was estahlished here the Foh. 6 
 
 ' Col\iin"bia Walters' & Barkeepers' Association,' which 
 
 was orf,'anized under a permit from the State and 
 
 numbers ahout 150 raerabars. Headquarters, Number 
 
 164 Michigan Ave." Page 2 
 
 - -Illinois Staats-Zeitung . Chicago (trans,), Feb, 6. (IC) Col. 3 
 
 ATTEMPTED SUICIDE BECAUSE OF UNEi'iPLOYMENT 
 
 "Joseph Blogowski, a Pole living at 124 West Division Feb, 6 
 
 Street, attempted suicide last night at 11 o'clock by Page 1 
 
 taking morphine, , . . " The man had been unable to Col. 4 
 
 secure work. 5 o'cl, 
 
 — Chicago Mail . Feb. 7, (ICN) Edition 
 
 SHOE FACTORY TO LOCATE IN DECATUR 
 
 "Decatur, 111. , Feb. 6. — Heavar & Slidden, owners Feb. 6 
 of the extensive shoe factory at Chester, Illinois, 
 where they have been carrying on business for nearly 
 four years, have been in Decatur all day, and tonight 
 they met a committee of representative citizens and 
 entered into an agreement to move their factory plant 
 to Decatur in consideration of $11,000. They will 
 start with 100 employes and ample improved machinery. 
 Their market is East and West. Decatur is booming in 
 the factory line." Page 7 
 
 —Daily Inter Ocean. Chicago, Feb. 7. (IC) Col. 5 
 
 DEBTORS' PRISON 
 
 Judge Tuthill today discharged James Refferty who had Feb. 6 
 been sentenced to jail for nonpayment of debts. He 
 
 denounced the growing tendency to jail poor men because Page 1 
 
 they owed some insignificant sum and stated that he Col. 3 
 
 did not believe jails should be used to collect debts. 5 o'cl, 
 
 — Chicago Mail . Feb. 6. (ICN) Edition
 
 AMALS 0? UBOR AND INDUSTHY IH ILLINOIS; 1890 53_ 
 
 NO HELP WANTED 
 
 "Cairo, 111. — Mechanics and laborers are requested Ee"b. 6. 
 to stay away from this place, as it is overrun with 
 idle men, who have "been induced to come here "by 
 misleading advertisements in the ne?>rspapers. Build- 
 ing operations are at a standstill and everything 
 is dull at present." 
 
 — Journal of the Knights of Labor , Page 4 
 Philadelphia, Feb. 6. (ICJ) Col. 3 
 
 COAL MINE DRIVERS STRIKE 
 
 "Springfield, 111. , Feb. 8 — The drivers here quit Feb. 6 
 work Thursday night pending an adjustment of their 
 demand for an increase of pay. They have been 
 getting $1.80 per day, the price that was fixed when 
 the strike difficulty was settled last November. This 
 price was supposed to hold till May 1. The superin- 
 tendent was away when they quit, but has since arrived, 
 and in an interview with the men tod,ay he refused to 
 grant their request. The men are not members of the 
 union, but probably will be from this time forward, 
 as the miners express their determination to staiad by 
 them. There is no recognized scale of prices for the 
 class of work done. 
 
 "At Streator the price ranges from $1.50 to $2.00 per 
 day; at La Salle, Oglesby, and Peru the price is $1.75. 
 The miners held a meeting last night and decided that 
 they would mine the coal, provided the company could 
 find men to haul it away. In the meantime 1,000 men 
 are idle, thereby losing over $2,200 each day, but the 
 men are fighting for what they deem a principle, and 
 the question of dollars and cents is not thought of." Page 3 
 — Chicago Times . Feb. 9, (ICN) Col. 1 
 
 RELEASE OF ANARCHISTS SOUGHT 
 
 A dispatch from Springfield stated that Lawyer Moses Feb. 
 
 Salomon had finally succeeded in bringing the case 
 
 of the Chicago Anarchists before the Supreme Court of 
 
 the United States. He had for a long time been 
 
 trying to find a loophole in the trial and court records
 
 54 ANNALS OF LABOR AJJD INDUSTRY IN ILLINOIS ; 1890 
 
 which would enable him to appeal the case which had re- 
 sulted in the hanging or inprisoninent of the Anarchists. Page 1. 
 Hope was expressed that Niehe, Fielden, and Schwa"b would Col. 2 
 soon "be released. 12 o'cl. 
 — Chicago Mail , Fet. 7. (ICN) Edition 
 
 ANARCHISTS AND THEIR CASE 
 
 "The Anarchist case, supposed to have heen long sincns Feb. 7 
 
 laid to its eternal rest, has been resurrected, and 
 
 will once nore occupy the attention of the courts. 
 
 It will te first considered "by the United States Supreme 
 
 Court, and there is a possibility of its being remanded 
 
 to the State Supreme Court of Illinois, and thence to 
 
 the Criminal Court of Cook County for retrial. 
 
 "This is due to Lawyer Moses Solomon, who since the 
 decision of the Illinois Supreme Court has declared 
 that the court erred in not having the prisoners present 
 during the review of the case and the rendering of sentence. 
 He had repeatedly tried to have the Supreme Court amend 
 the record to show that the prisoners were not present, but 
 this the Supreme Court refused to do. After persistent 
 effort, however, the coiirt has arrived at the conclusion 
 that possibly a Federal question may be involved, and con- 
 sented to grant a writ of error to the United States Supreme 
 Coiirt of review before that body. Before the highest 
 tribunal the case will come next October. 
 
 "When this news was wired from Springfield, many 
 intelligent people jumped to the conclusion that if a 
 Federal Supreme Court should decide that the Supreme 
 Court of Illinois had violated a constitutional privilege 
 of the prisoners by not having them present when sentence 
 was affirmed a retrial would be granted. This, it seems, 
 is not so. The most that could be done would be for the 
 State Supreme Court to correct its error, if it has com- 
 mitted one. This it could do by having the prisoners 
 brought from the penitentiary into the court-room and re- 
 sentenced. If this is done the prisoners will be worse 
 off than they now are, for the original sentence was to 
 be hanged, and it was commuted by Governor Oglesby. Should 
 the court now reaffirm the sentence Governor Fifer might 
 not want to interfere, and in that case the prisoners Page 1 
 would go to the scaffold," Col. 2 
 
 — Chicago Evening Journal . Feb. 7. (IC) 1st Ed.
 
 AMALS OF LABOR AND INDUSTRY IN ILLINOIS; 1890 55 
 
 WOMEN DENOUNCE CHILD LABOR 
 
 At a monthly meeting of the Women's Alliance in Fe"b. 7 
 the Palmer House, February 7, "a communication 
 was received from the Ladies' Federal Labor union 
 in the matter of child labor in retail stores on 
 State street. A resolution was prepared which 
 denounced the mayor and held him responsible for 
 the violation of the law by several large stores 
 in the city, among them the Boston and the Fair." Page 5 
 — Chicago Times . Feb. 8, (ICN) Col. 2 
 
 FREIGHT RATES ON CORN REDUCED 
 
 "The visiting members of the Nebraska state board Feb. 7 
 of transportation, who came to Chicago to urge the 
 railroads to reduce through rates on corn from 
 points in that state, have accomplished their pur- 
 pose and may now go back to their Grange constit- 
 uents with full confidence in thoir increased pop- 
 ularity. Two days have been spent by them in con- 
 ference with the general managers of the roads hav- 
 ing lines in Nebraska, with the result that a 10 per 
 cent reduction in the corn rate from points in that 
 state to Chicago, with the established differen- 
 tials to St. Louis and other points, is promised to 
 take effect Feb. 15," Page 8 
 
 — Chicago Times . Feb. 7. (ICN) Col. 1 
 
 PROPOSED STRIKE FOR EIGHT-HOUR DAY 
 
 An item from a Boston morning paper states that Feb. 7 
 the American Federation of Labor is forming a 
 
 financial alliance, and intends to raise $250,000 Page 1 
 
 for the proposed nation-wide strike for an eight- Col, 6 
 
 hour day to take place May 1, 1890. 12 o'cl. 
 
 — Chicago Mail . Feb. 8. (ICN) Edition
 
 56 ANNALS OF LABOR AND INDUSTRY IN ILLINOIS: 1890 
 
 NEW CORPORATIONS LICENSED 
 
 "Springfield, 111., February 7. — The Secretary of Feb. 7 
 State issued licenses today to the following: 
 
 "Searle & Hereth Company, at Chicago; to manu- 
 facture drugs and medicines; capital stock, $150,000. 
 
 "The Hyde Park Electric Light and Power Company, at 
 
 Chicago, filed a certificate of decrease of capital Page 1 
 
 stock from |500,000 to $300,000." Col. 1 
 
 — Chicago Evening Journal , Feb. 7. (ICN) 1st Ed. 
 
 COOPER SHOP SHUTS DOM 
 
 "The Peoria Cooperage Co., the biggest establishment Feb. 7 
 of its kind in Peoria, has shut down for an indefinite 
 space of time." 
 
 The shop, which is located at the foot of Cedar street, 
 normally gives employment to 200 men. The reason 
 advanced by the company is the reduced demand for 
 whiskey barrels since Jan. 13, 1890^ when fire destroyed 
 the Monarch distillery, the "largest distillery in the 
 world." Page 8 
 
 — Peoria Transcript , Feb. 7. (IP) Col. 1 
 
 COUNTERFEIT NATURALIZATION PAPERS 
 
 Edmund Noonan and James C. Thornton of Alton were Feb. 7 
 indicted by the United States grand jury at 
 Springfield, 111., for issuing and selling false 
 certificates of naturalization. It is stated 
 
 that naturalization papers were sold at "bottom Page 1 
 
 prices" and a "right vote" to one Ferdinand Col. 4 
 
 Volbrecht. 12 o'cl. 
 
 — Chicago Mail, Feb. 8, (ICN) Edition
 
 AMAL5 OF LABOR AND ILTDUSTRY IN ILLINOIS ; 1890 57 
 
 GROWTH OF MAITUFACTURES SINCE 1850 
 
 "By the census of 1850 Illinois produced mnufactures Feb. 8 
 to the value of $16,534,272. At the census of 1850 
 these figiares had advanced to $57,580,886. According 
 to the census of 1870 the nanufacturcs had aufpiientcd 
 to $205,620,672. In the census of 1880 the nanufactures 
 of Illinois had risen to $414,864,672, nud the fi,suros 
 for 1890 will prolDalDly eclipss all forncr proportions." Page 3 
 — Galesburg Repuhlican-HerTister . Feb. 8. (IG) Col. 4 
 
 MINERS OPPOSE ELECTRICAL IvL^CHIlIERY 
 
 "Streator, 111. , Feb. 8 — Manager Sweet of Vernilion Feb. 8 
 Coal Company has been endeavoring to introduce an 
 electrical mining machine in No. 1 shaft in this city. 
 The miners in mass-meeting decided that they would 
 have nothing to do with the machines at the price 
 offered for operating. This offer is 6 cents per foot 
 for the men who operate the machines and 30 cents per 
 ton for the men who load the coal. The latter are to 
 furnish their own powder and oil and keep their room 
 in order. With the old compressed air ma.chines the 
 men received the sane price, v/ere furnished with powder, 
 and all the 'dead work' was done by company men. 
 The miners claim that it is impossible to make living 
 wages with the new machines^ Sweet, on learning their 
 determination, ordered the shaft closed indefinitely. 
 This is believed to indicate that the shaft is to be 
 equipped throughout for machine work in anticipation 
 of expected trouble May 1," Page 3 
 
 — ChicaCT Times . Feb. 9. (ICN) Col. 1 
 
 MINE SHAFT AT STREATOR CLOSED 
 
 "The Chicago, Wilmington & Vermilion Coal Company Feb. 8 
 have closed shaft No. 1. of their mines at Streator, 
 
 111. This will throw 400 miners out of work. The Page 1 
 
 cause of the shut-down is the poor winter and lack Col. 7 
 
 of trade." 5 o'cl. 
 
 — Chicaf^o Mail . Feb. 8. (ICN) Edition
 
 58 ANNALS OF LABOR AJTO INDUSTRY IN ILLINOIS ! 1890 
 
 NEW ILLINOIS CORPORATIONS 
 
 "Homestead Building Loan and Investment Union, Feb. 8 
 
 at Chicago; capital stock $25,000,000; incorporators, 
 C. S. Hard, G. M. Hard, W. P. Butler, and others. 
 Sunbeam Incandescent Light Company, at Chicago; to 
 manufacture and sell incandescent lamps; capital Page 7 
 stock, $25,000." Col. 3 
 
 -- Chicago Evening Journal . Feb.lO. (IC) 1st Ed. 
 
 THE FREIGHT RATE SITUATION 
 
 "Freight rates are becoming more and more demoralized Feb. 8 
 in the northwest. The western and northwestern divis- 
 ions of the Western Freight Association will have 
 some vexatious questions to consider at the meeting 
 next Tuesday, for in addition to the proposed reduction 
 in the west-bound rates by the Burlington & Northern 
 is a proposition to reduce east-bound rates from the 
 Missouri river to the seaboard via St. Paul and Duluth, 
 and to make various other combinations that are calcu- 
 lated to cause trouble." Page 5 
 — Chicago Times . Feb. 8. (ICN) Col. 4 
 
 INDUSTRIAL EXPANSION IN SOUTH CHICAGO 
 
 "South Chicago--Two more industries are negotiating Feb. 9 
 for locations. One is a blast furnace, and will 
 occupy ten acres. The other wants fifteen acres, but 
 the nature of the industry is not known. The Penn- 
 sylvania Company has begun work on two additional 
 tracks from Colehour to the city." Page 3 
 
 — Chicago Times . Feb. 8, (ICN) Col. 7 
 
 SOCIALISTS APPROVE INVESTIGATION OF 
 HOUSING CONDITIONS 
 
 "The Socialists at Waverly Hall yesterday afternoon Feb. 9 
 took a new tiirn and held what might be called an 
 approval meeting. . . .
 
 AMALS OF LABOR AM) ITIDU5TEY IN ILLINOIS ; 1890 59 
 
 ". . .Prosidsnt Morgan recid extracts fron the report 
 of Dr. Julia R. Low, chairnan of the connittee to 
 investigate the tenement system appointed "by the 
 Woaan's Club. The report inclvided a nui-ber of cases 
 of terrihle destitution, a description of Goose 
 Island and its inha"bit.ants , and called attention to 
 the fact that the worst houses of the city ere oT/ned 
 "by 'persons in good social and business standing.'" 
 
 A resolution approving the report was pasned. Page 5 
 
 — Chica£o_Tine3 , Fe"b. 10. (ICN) Col. 6 
 
 Kill GETS OF LABOR ENDORSE SUNDAY-REST MOVSIIENT 
 
 "The Central Council of the Knights of Labor held Feb. 9 
 a monthly meeting at 35 La Salle street yesterday 
 afternoon, with Vice-President Brownell presiding. 
 The S\xnday-rest movement was unanimously indorsed, 
 each delegate was supplied with blanl<: Sunday-Rest 
 Leat":ue petitions for circulation, and the congres- 
 sional committee of the order was reouested to use 
 all legitimate efforts to have the Blair Sunday- 
 rest bill passed. A resolution was adopted to the 
 effect that the council considered it its duty to 
 inform the public that Georgo S. Detv/eiler and his 
 paper have no connection witn their order whatever, 
 and any representation of such a fact on his part 
 is denounced as false." Pr^ts 2 
 
 — ChicaCT Tir.5s. Feb. 10. (ICN) Col. 4 
 
 JUVENILE VAGRANTS 
 
 'Chicago waifs to the number of 500 were fed at Feb. 
 
 the Chicago Waifs' Mission yesterday." ^^'' 
 
 -■ " - - - - '--' go . 
 
 Edition 
 
 — Chicago Ifail . Feb. 10. (ICN) So'cl. 
 
 BUTCHERS' UNION HAS DISCOURAGSLIENTS 
 
 "The Butchers' Union transacted little business at Feb. 
 their meeting held yesterday in Union Hall, 36th and 
 Halsted streets. They admitted a few members and
 
 60 AMALS OF LABOR AND INDUSTRY IN ILLINOIS ; 1890 
 
 discussed plans of procedure. The union contemplates 
 holding a series of meetings in several quarters of 
 the city connencing next Sunday. It is now an admitted 
 fact that the packers will fight any organization whose 
 attitude and work is inimical to theirs. The resigna- 
 tion of Treasurer Freewald was due to a hint that if he 
 wanted to be treasurer of the organization his employers 
 at the stockyards had no further use for his services. Page 5 
 It is believed that the packers have spotters in the Col. 2 
 union who msike daily reports of revolters." 2 o'cl, 
 
 •— Chicago Daily Hews . Feh. 10. (ICN) Edition 
 
 WORKERS' HOME 
 
 "Of the 125,000 working people in Chicago it is Feh. 10 
 
 estimated that 25,000, or not less than one-fifth, at 
 least , own their own homes , and many of them other 
 property "besides." Home owners are not confined to 
 those in the higher income group. The lowest wage 
 earners are most eager to own homes, and the foreign 
 population comprises two-thirds of this group. The 
 average American is not content to remain long in 
 one job and is constantly seeking a short route to 
 wealth, either by means of speculation or invention. Page 1 
 — Chicago Slobe . Feb. 10. (IC) Col. 1 
 
 FRAUDULSNT COMPANY EXPOSED 
 
 Some time ago a pamphlet recommending the advantages Feb. 10 
 
 of The Benefit Leagae of America was circulated. As 
 
 set forth in the pamphlet, the assets of the company 
 
 amounted to $6,587. It promised a weekly payment of 
 
 $5.00 to members in case of sickness for monthly 
 
 dues of fifty cents. When dues of $1.00 to $2,50 
 
 were paid, benefit payments were to range from $10.00 
 
 to $25.00 per week. Investigation showed the company 
 
 to be a family affair, desii^ned by a certain S. A. 
 
 Pulver. Merchants' references given in the pamphlet 
 
 were said to be fraudulent. Page 5 
 
 —Illinois Staats-Zeitung . Chicago. (trans. ) , Feb.lO.(lC) Col. 4
 
 ANNALS OF LABOR AND INDUSTRY IN ILLINOIS: 1890 61 
 
 NEW CORPORATIONS LICENSED 
 
 "Springfield, 111., February 10.--Specisa.~The Secre- 
 tary of State issued licenses today to the following: 
 
 "Sovereign Compound Company, at Chicago; to manufacture 
 lubricants and oils; capital stock $100,000; incorpor- 
 ators, C. J. Lemessurier, M. L. Freiberger, G-. A. N. 
 Scott. 
 
 "Automatic Mower and Manufacturing Company, at Chicago; 
 to manufacture agricultural and other machinery; capital 
 stock $150,000; incorporators, N. G. Moore, W. E. Page 7 
 Mclllvane, H. 0. Adcock." Col. 3 
 
 —Chicago Evening Journal , Feb. 11. (IC) 1st Ed, 
 
 DISTILLERS' AND CATTLE FEEDERS' TRUST 
 SEEKS TO INCORPORATE 
 
 "The meeting of the Western Distillers' and Cattle Feb. 11 
 Feeders' Trust yesterday was very largely attended. 
 It was a special meeting called for the purpose of 
 voting upon the question of organizing a corporation 
 under the laws of Illinois for the carrying on of the 
 business of distilling and feeding." 
 
 All members enthusiastically expressed their "utmost 
 confidence in the new order of things." Pres. J. B. 
 Oreenhut presided over the meeting. Page 6 
 
 —Peoria Transcript , Feb. 12. (IP) Col. 1 
 
 ANARCHIST ACTIVITY 
 
 "An Anarchist hive was discovered in the vicinity of Feb . 11 
 Armitago and Columbia Avenues yesterday by Deputy Page 8 
 Sheriff Hartke." Col. 5 
 
 5 o'cl. 
 —Chicago Mail, Feb. 12. (ION) Edition
 
 62 .ANNALS OF LABOR AND INDUSTRY IN ILLINOIS: 1890 
 
 LABOR DISAPPOINTED IN DMOCR.WIC PARTY 
 
 "'No sir, I scarcely expect to see a united political Feb. 12 
 
 labor movement this spring,' said Mr. C. G. Dixon to 
 
 a Globe reporter yesterday. 'Workingmen will act with 
 
 their friends in the several wards, but beyond this 
 
 they will not do much. They are on the eve of a 
 
 political revolution, however, and it may burst out at 
 
 any time. ' " 
 
 Workingmen, continued Mr. Dixon, voted with the 
 Democrats and put them in power in the city and county, 
 but they have been ignored by them. Therefore, he 
 expects that in time a "political labor party in 
 Chicago will be composed of the trade and labor unions." 
 The Globe observes that "Mr, Dixon's views are shared 
 by nearly every representative of the working people 
 in the city who have been acting with the Democrats," 
 and it urges that "some practical steps should be 
 taken to recognize them." Page 4 
 
 —Chicago Globe , Feb. 13. (IC) Col. 3 
 
 FACTORY BEING REBUILT 
 
 "Mike McAleenan, the boiler maker whose immense Feb. 12 
 factory was destroyed by fire recently, is hard at 
 work rebuilding the place." The foundry and machine 
 shop will also be entirely rebuilt. Page 8 
 
 — Peoria Transcript , Feb. 12. (IP) Col. 3 
 
 SINGLE TAX CLUB MEETING 
 
 "The Chicago Single Tax Club resolved in its Feb. 15 
 
 meeting yesterday to hold a general meeting in June. 
 The president of the club was given leave to appoint 
 a committee of 15 to make arrangements for the com- 
 ing convention." 
 
 — Illinois Staats-Zeitung , Page 2 
 Chicago (trans.), Feb. 14. (IC) Col. 4
 
 AFJALS OF LABOR AND INDUSTRY IN ILLINOIS : 1890 63 
 
 SOUTHERN ILLINOIS' EARLY INDUSTRIES 
 
 "A railroad is nsedad which will cross this mineral Fe"b. 13 
 re^on fron the southeast. Grand Tower, in Jackson 
 County, on the Mississippi River, is on the northern 
 lirait of this nountain range. Iron f\irnaces have "been 
 in paying operation there for years. The Grand Tower 
 Company has a railroad running to the coal fields of 
 Jackson and Willianson Counties as far as Marion. If 
 this road were, extended southeast, crossing the river 
 at Elizahethtovm, a young Pittsburgh would spring up 
 along the line. There is enough coal in Illinois 
 south of Centralia to give the whole world fuel for 
 the next thousand years. There lies under the fair 
 hoson of Illinois 37,000 miles of coal, the aggregate 
 heds "being twenty feet thick. No similar area of 
 land on the face of the earth has so much coal 
 beneath it ... . Two iron furnaces were successfully 
 operated in Hardin County from 1840 to 1860. They 
 were charcoal f\arnaces , and eventually shut down 
 because of lack of fuel and expensive transportation. 
 There is an immense amount of fluorspar in these 
 hills and much of it is now mined. It is used in 
 the making of pottery and as a flux for metals." Page 8 
 — The Leader . Marion, Feb, 13. (Carnegie Library) Col. 1 
 
 MORTGAGE SURVEY TO BE MADS 
 
 "The Knights of Labor and the farmers, who have Feb. 13 
 recently formed an alliance, claim a great victory 
 in the action of the Senate in appropriating $1,000,000 
 for the purpose of collecting such statistics as will 
 enable the next census to show what proportion of the 
 people own their homes and farms and the proportion 
 of homes and farms under mortgage. " Page 4 
 
 —Ch icago Globe, Feb. 13. (IC) Col. 3 
 
 PULLMAN PORTERS DISSATISFIED 
 
 "The colored porters of the Pullm.an sleeping care are Feb. 
 dissatisfied lately because their wages are cut for 
 all sorts of reasons. To safeguard their interests
 
 AMIAL3 OF LABOR AND INDUSTRY IN ILLINOIS; 1890 
 
 they are considering the establishment of a guild. 
 The men get a monthly wage of between ^25 and '42)0, from 
 which many fines have been deducted for shortcomings in 
 their service. 
 
 "The complaints originated in the store with which the 
 
 porters must deal for bedding, towels., soap, etc. The 
 
 story is that the storekeepers have billed the porters 
 
 for goods that the latter did not get. The porters are 
 
 also against tips; they wish to see them abolished. 
 
 The railroads contend that the tips bring their wages up 
 
 to $60 a month. This is not the case, according to the 
 
 testimony of most of the men. ..." Page 3 
 
 — Illinois Staats-Zeitung) Chicago (trans), Feb. la (IC) Col. 2 
 
 BRICKLAYERS MAY ASK INCREi^ED SC.yLE 
 
 "It is reported that the bricklayers are preparing to 
 ask a raise in the scale." Having received 45 cents 
 an hour last year, they may demand 50 cents, although 
 it is not known whether their request for more pay has 
 been presented to the bosses. 
 
 — Peoria Transcript , Feb. 14. (IP) 
 
 Feb. 
 
 14 
 
 Page 
 Col. 
 
 8 
 1 
 
 MINING M.\CHINERY FOR CHINA 
 
 "In the Grand Pacific Hotel a conference was held Fob. 15 
 between two eminent Chinese and the representatives 
 of Fraser & Chalmers, manufacturers of mining machinery. 
 The object of the meeting was the consideration of 
 negotiations relative to machinery for extensive ore- 
 mining in the mountains of China." The cost of the 
 machines is to be approximately $400,000. Page 5 
 
 — Illinois Staats-Zeitung , Chicago (trans.), Feb. 15. (IC) Col. 5 
 
 ACTIVITIES OF FURNITURE V/ORICERS' UNION 
 
 "Chicago — Union No. 1 — The union resolved to put an Feb. 15 
 organizer in the field, the same as in 1886, when 
 good results were achieved. A committee was appointed
 
 ANNALS OF LABOR AND INDUSTRY IN ILLI NO IS: 1890 65 
 
 to find a suitable man, which is by no means easy, as 
 many decline the position. The last general meeting 
 was well attended. . . The report of the financial 
 secretary shows that the iinion is in good standing 
 financially, although thousands remain outside the 
 union. Business is better now than it was expected 
 during last summer. Several furniture manufacturers 
 have failed recently, f.i., Meyer & Son. Deimel Bros., 
 and Chas. Bruschke. The latter could never recover 
 from the blow he received through a strike in 1886, 
 during which he shot at a cabinet maker. There is a 
 union here of Swedish cabinet makers which was organ- 
 ized by Union No. 1, but they have not joined the In- 
 ternational Furniture Union." Page 1 
 —Furniture Jl/orkers' Journal, New York, Feb. 15. (ICJ) Col. 4 
 
 CARPENTERS' UNION FORMED 
 
 Announcement is made of the formation of local union Feb. 15 
 of the United Brotherhood of Carpenters and Joiners 
 of America at Highland Park, 111., known as No. 298 
 
 —The Carpenter , Philadelphia, Feb. 15. (ICJ) 
 
 THIRTY-FIVE COOPERS STRIKE 
 
 "The coopers employed at Leek' s shop on Rawson street Feb. 16 
 have gone out. Machinery is used there and only the 
 hooping is done by hand, so the men have been receiv- 
 ing only ivi cents. Saturday Leek offered them but 
 15 cents, which they refused. They held a meeting at 
 71 West Lake street yesterday and decided to remain out 
 unless the old rate was restored. The trouble extends 
 to no other shop," Page 5 
 
 —Chicago Times . Feb. 17, (ION) Col. 2 
 
 SUNDAY CLOSING FOR BARBER SHOPS 
 
 "Yesterday at Number 36 La Salle street a mass meeting Feb. 16 
 was held by the barbers to agitate for the closing of 
 shops on Sundays. About one hundred were present; they 
 favored the plan. One speaker stated that in the entire
 
 6g ANNALS OF LABOR AND IKDUSTRY IN ILLINOIS ; 1890 
 
 city only about fifty 'barbers favored Sunday work." 
 The president, William Weston, proposed the forma- 
 tion of a league for Sunday rest, "The league would 
 co-operate with the Chicago Sunday Closing Association. 
 James Mills related how in Baltimore the lea^e 
 succeeded in having the city council impose severe 
 penalties against Sunday work. He said that the 
 league could do the sane in Chicago." Page 2 
 
 —Illinois Staats-Zeitung , Chicago ( trans. ) , Feh.l7.(lC) Col. 2 
 
 LIGHT AND POWER PROJECT 
 
 "Prominent citizens of Proviso Township have formed a Feb. 16 
 
 share company for the purpose of erecting a complete 
 
 system of water works and machinery for the production 
 
 of electric light, to serve the towns, River Forest, Page 7 
 
 Maywood and Melrose, and supply their citizens ?/ith Col. 2 
 
 water and light." Der 
 
 — Illinois Staats-Zeitung , Chicago ( trans. ), Feb. 16. (IC) Westen 
 
 SOCIALISTS DENOUNCE REDUCED VALUATIONS 
 
 The following was offered in form of a resolution Feb. 16 
 by "Tommy" Morgan, president of the local Socialist 
 organization at the vveekly meeting at Waverly Hall, 
 February 16: "... .by wholesale perjury and fraud 
 the assessable valuation of property in Chicago 
 has been reduced from the sum of $300,000,000, in 
 1871, when the population was 334,270, to $201,000,000, 
 in 1890, when the population is 1,200,000. There has 
 been in these years a marvelous increase in real- 
 estate values and accumulations of personal property, 
 and the real valuation now cannot be less than 
 $2,000,000,000. This reduced valuation cripples our 
 board of public works, police department, fire and 
 health departments, and especially our public schools." Page 5 
 — Chicago Times . Feb. 17. (ICN) Col. 2
 
 AHI\1ALS OF LABOR AND INDUSTRY IN ILLINOIS '. 1890 67 
 
 BARBERS TO ORGANIZE FOR SUNDAY CLOSING 
 
 "'Yes, we intend to make an effort to close all barber Feb. 17 
 shops on Sundays,' said a downtovm barber to an 
 Evening News reporter this norning. 
 
 '"We held a neeting yesterday and deternined to form a Page .1 
 league with ward organizations, and thereby secure the Col, 1 
 election of aldermen favorable to Sunday closing . . '. " 2 o'cl, 
 — Chicago Daily News . Feb. 17. (ICN) Edition 
 
 LABOR LE.iD3R DISAPPEARS 
 
 "M. A. Collins, a well-known radical labor agitator, Feb. 17 
 has mysteriously disappeared, and his friends fear 
 that he has committed suicide. ... He was one of 
 the most active workers in obtaining signatures for 
 the pardon of the anarchists previous to their execu- 
 tion." Page 1 
 — Chicago Globe . Feb. 17. (IC) Col. 4 
 
 Collins had long been suspected of being a police spy 
 and had never been in the confidence of Chicago labor 
 leaders. 
 
 "Joe Gruenhut, C. G. Dixon, and other recognized leaders 
 in the labor movement said this morning that they knew 
 nothin<\- of Collins and were but little concerned regard- 
 ing his whereabouts. They did not consider it prob- Page 1 
 able that he should have met with foul play at the Col. 5 
 hands of excitable anarchists." 3 o'cl, 
 
 — Chicago Mail . Feb. 17, (ICN) Edition 
 
 POVERTY'S VICTIMS 
 
 ". . . more than the usual amount of distress" is Feb. 17 
 prevalent. ". . .great numbers of people continue 
 to be unemployed. " The county agent is called upon 
 to investigate more than 125 cases a d.ay. "The 
 business of that office is, however, but a faint index 
 of the anount of destitution that exists." Page 11 
 
 —Chicago Globe. Feb. 17. (IC) Col. 3
 
 68 AmiALS OF LABOR AND INDUSTRY IN ILLINOIS ; 1890 
 
 BRICKYARDS STRIKE PROBABLE 
 
 "It is probable that trouble between brickmen and Feb. 17 
 
 enployes will be renewed this season and that the 
 
 prolonged strike of last sunrnor, in which the 
 
 enployes of D. Purington and other large proprietors 
 
 in and around Blue Island were concerned, nay be 
 
 repeated in the city yards, which remained neutral 
 
 during the trouble. The protest of the Blue Island 
 
 laborers last suxiner was that they v/ere receiving 
 
 for ten hours' work less than men employed in the city 
 
 were ,:;etting for eight hours' work. The figures given 
 
 were about $2 for ten hours' v/ork in the country yards, 
 
 and an average of $2.25 for eight hours in the city. 
 
 The strike was unsuccessful. Purington and others 
 
 insisted that extra cost in freight rates regulated the 
 
 wages, and under the old agreements the men, in part, 
 
 returned to work. 
 
 "The city employes are now beginning to talk of a ten- 
 hour day. One of them, J. B. Legnard, said yesterday 
 that the country yards were driving the city men to the 
 wall and that the country proprietors were by reason 
 of longer hours at less pay monopolizing the business. 
 As a result overtures by one proprietor have been made 
 to the city enployes to adopt the ten-hour day. It 
 has met with opposition by the men. 
 
 "The Bricklayers' Union* is one of the largest and most 
 powerful of the divisions of the local Knights of Ls^bor 
 ... A United strike in the city if the ten hours' de» 
 mand is made will include several thousand members of 
 the order who are well organized and able to help themr- 
 selves. It is not known whether the city proprietors 
 have conferred and agreed upon joint action, but it is 
 predicted by one of then as an inevitable ultimatun. " Page 2 
 — Chicago Times . Feb. 17. (IGN) Col. 2 
 
 *Possibly the reporter has confused the bricknakers 
 with the bricklayers. The latter were classed as 
 skilled craftsmen, organized as the United Order of 
 American Bricklayers, and already had the eight-hour 
 day. The strikers mentioned above were organized 
 as the Brickmakers' Mutual Benefit Association.
 
 ANNALS OF LABOR AND INDUSTRY IN ILLINOIS: 1890 _59 
 
 LABOR DISPUTE IN CLOTHING INDUSTRY 
 
 "During the last two weeks trouble has been brewing Feb. 17 
 among the journeymen tailors in this city. The 
 merchant tailors, or Employers' Association, have 
 been obnoxious to the knights of the needle, and there 
 are many other things which they did not like." The 
 Tailors' Union met last night in Trades Assemb].y Hall 
 on North Adams street with eighty-one members present. 
 After a lengthy discussion a scale was decided upon 
 which is to be presented to the bosses today. Page 8 
 
 —Peoria Transcript , Feb. 18. (IP) Col. 3 
 
 EDITORIAL ON SOCIALIST ACTIVITY 
 
 "The Socialists who meet at Waverly Hall are still Feb. 18 
 
 pegging away at the underpinning of the millennium. 
 
 This focus of Socialism has now taken definite ground 
 
 in favor of honesty in tax returns, free baths, 
 
 government control of the telegraphs, and the dignity 
 
 of labor. Capitalistic and prejudiced critics, who 
 
 view with alarm not unmixed with trepidation Tommy 
 
 Morgan and all his works, declare that the Waverly 
 
 Hall gatherings can be thus conjugated: 
 
 "I resolute. 
 
 "We resolute. 
 
 "Thou resolutest. 
 
 "Ye or you resolute. 
 
 "He, she or it resolutes. 
 
 "They resolute." Page 4 
 
 —Chicago Times , Feb. 18. (ICN) Col. 7 
 
 EXTENSION OF WATER POWER 
 
 "The Gray Current Motor Company has contracted to Feb. 19 
 
 purchase Stewart and Ketchum' s 1,200 inches of water 
 
 power, and expect soon to put in a flume on the west 
 
 side. In this will be placed five or six water wheels. 
 
 By means of these, in connection with dynamos, electric 
 
 power will be furnished to those who desire it." Page 4 
 
 — Elgin Daily News , Feb. 19. (Gail Borden Public Library) Col. 3
 
 70 AMALS OF LABOR ANH INDUSTRY IH ILLINOIS ; 1890 
 
 NEW COEPOEAIIQNS 
 
 "Springfield, 111., February 19.— The Secretary of Te'h. 19 
 State issued licenses today to the following: 
 
 "Morier Coal and Mining Company , at Chicago; to 
 do a mining "business; capital stock, $100,000. 
 
 "Sutherland Shoe Company, at Chicago; to manufacture 
 shoes; capital stock, $25,000. 
 
 "Iron Moulders' Union No 203, at Grand Crossing, for Page 2 
 
 the protection of its nenhers in case of sickness." Col. 4 
 
 — Chicago Evening Journal . Feh. 19. (IC) 1st. Ed, 
 
 RAILROAD EXTENSION 
 
 "Springfield, February 19th — The Peoria & Eastern Feh. 19 
 Railroad applied today to the Secretary of State 
 for corporation rights. The company plans to 
 connect Peoria with Indianapolis, through the 
 counties Tazewell, McLean, DeWitt, Piatt, Champaign 
 and Vcrnilion. The railroad coEtpany has its head- 
 quarters in Danville. Its capital amounts to 
 
 $10,000,000." Page 2 
 
 — Illinois Staats Zeitung . Chicago (trans. ), Feb. 20. (IC) Col. 6 
 
 GOVERNMENT OTOIERSHIP OF RAILROADS 
 
 T. B. Blackstone, president of the Chicago & Alton Feb. 20 
 Railroad in the twenty-seventh annual report of the 
 line, advocates government ovmership of railroads. . 
 Hostile legislation, he says, is the cause of existing 
 evils and adds that railroad values have been ruined 
 by -onrestricted competition. President Blackstone 
 blames the goTernnent. Page B 
 
 —Chicago Times . Feb. 21. (ICN) Col. 1
 
 AimALS OF LABOR MP INDUSTRY IN ILLINOIS ; 1890 71 
 
 CaiONSTEATION FOR EIGHT-HOUR DAY 
 
 "Nearly every organized trade in Chicago has indorsed Feb. 20 
 the big demonstration in favor of an eight-hour day 
 which is to be held in Chicago on Washington's "birth- 
 day. The Second Regiment Arnory, where the demonstra- 
 tion is to he held, will hardly "be large enough for 
 the thousands of workingnen who have signified their 
 intention of being present. ..." 
 
 Among the speakers will be: Judge Altgeld, on the eight 
 hour day; Mayor Cregier, offering organized labor freedom 
 of the city; Hempstead Washburne, C. S. Darrow, and W. H. 
 Blake of St. Louis. The Demonstration in Chicago is one 
 of many in the nation, planned by the' A. F. of L. in 
 1888 at their convention, to culminate on Washington's Page 5 
 birthday, before demanding an eight hour day on May Col. 5 
 1st. 2 o'cl. 
 
 — Chicago Dnily News . Feb. 20. (ICN) Edition 
 
 OATMEAL TRUST MEETS IN CHICAGO 
 
 "At the Palmer House yesterday the Oatmeal Trust Feb. 20 
 
 held a secret meeting at which the closing of a mill 
 
 in Ohio was supposedly decided upon. The present owner 
 
 and representative of this firm is H. J. Donsnan, 
 
 agent of the Cereal Milling Co." Page 2 
 
 — Illinois Staats-Zeitung. Chicago (trans. ) ,Feb.21. (IC) Col. 3 
 
 NEW CORPORATIONS 
 
 "Springfield, 111., February 20, —The Secretary of Feb. 20 
 State issued licenses to-day to the following: 
 
 "Silver Islet Mining and Milling Company, at Chicago, 
 for the purpose of purchasing and operating gold and 
 silver mines; capital stock, $5,000,000; incorporators, 
 L. J. Larason, A. S. Wright, Frank Drake. 
 
 "United States Cold Wire Rolling Company, at Chicago; 
 for cold-rolling of metals into wires; capital stock, 
 $500,000. 
 
 "Wright & Hill's Linseed Oil Company, at Chicago; to Page 7 
 manufacture all kinds of oil; capital stock, $500,000." Col. 4 
 — Chicago Evening Journal . Feb. 21. (IC) 1st Ed.
 
 72 ANNALS OF L/JOR /^D INDUSTRY IN ILLINOIS: 1890 
 
 WIRE ROD MILL TO BE ERECTED 
 
 "Joliet — The announcement is made today that the Feb. 21 
 Illinois Steel Company v;ill at once commence the 
 erection of another large wire rod mill in the city, 
 to be located near the rod mill built two years ago by 
 this company. Nearly $1,000,000 has been expended by 
 the Illinois Steel Company during the last twelve 
 months in building additions to its establishment. Page 5 
 The new mill will at once afford means of employment Col. 5 
 for many working men in the building operations." 6 o'cl. 
 — Chicago Daily News , Feb. 21. (ICN) Edition 
 
 HE.4LTH INSPECTOR YOUNG ADDRESSES WOMAN'S ALLIANCE 
 ON '.TOMEN AND CHILDREI-J IN INDUSTRY 
 
 "There are about 2,500 children and about 35,000 Feb. 21 
 women and girls employed in work places in Chicago, 
 and the nvimber is increasing with the extension of 
 light work through the introduction of machinery and 
 steam power. . . . 
 
 "In Chicago we are confronted with a bold and deter- 
 mined discussion of the rights of labor and the duties 
 of capital, and the factory and tenement inspectors 
 are instructed to gather statistics of labor, wages and 
 cost of living. . . . Wages of females of all ages in most 
 industries are manifestly too low, and it is the duty of 
 the Woman's Alliance to organize female employment so 
 as to regulate their wages and raise them to a standard 
 of civilized comforts. . . . 
 
 "Rejoice no more at. . .cheap bargains. . .\intil you have 
 first ascertained the cause of the cheapness. . .generally 
 found to have been, at least in great part, the low 
 reward of woman's labor." The inspector concluded by 
 considering the moral aspects of thi problem. Page 
 
 —Chicago Globe, Feb. 21. (IC) Col. 
 
 CHICAGO AS A CETITER OF COi/MERCE ^B INDUSTRY 
 
 "With reference to the meeting of labor organizations Feb. 21 
 to bo held in Chicago and elsewhere tomorrow, Joseph
 
 A2JyAL5 OF lABOR AlflP lypUSTHY IN ILLINOIS. ; 1890 75 
 
 Gruenhut has prepared, the following statistical 
 inf ornation: 
 
 "•Washington's birthday the labor organizations of 
 the United States will hold nass-neetings to discuss 
 the pending issues "between capital and labor, and 
 especially the introductions of the ei^.t-hour work-day. 
 Chicago is a center of transportation and wholesale 
 trade, and it is perhaps irrpracticable to reduce the 
 workday of railroad nen and of clerks in wholesale 
 stores fron ten hours at once to eight hcnars. The 
 twenty-four railroads centering here enploy about 25,000 
 nen, the three street railways about 6,000 nen, the 
 wholesale trade in all its branches perhaps 125,000 
 persons. The telegraph and telephone corrpanies erploy 
 about 2,000 persons here. All these categories of 
 wage-workers would prefer a Saturday,' half-holiday to a 
 reduced number of hours on each work-c'jiy. Chicago as a 
 aamifacturing center counts about 150,000 persons in its 
 factories and nills, which irust conpete with outside 
 nanufacturing firns and cannot work less hours than 
 are customary and established in the eastern and niddle 
 states. Local retail traffic errploys over 100,000 
 persons in about 25,000 stores, shops, and other work- 
 places, who could agree to close at 7 P.M. instead of 
 keeping open until 9 P. li. The building trades enploy 
 about 15,000 nen working eight hoijirs a day. The cigar 
 nakers have established an ei^t-hour day for their trade 
 throughout the whole United States. The issues between 
 capital and labor are now before the people for discus- 
 sion, and the Chicago democracy has indorsed the eight- 
 hour workday in the interest of soun.d public policy. '" Page 5 
 —Chicago Tines . Feb. 21. (ICN) Col. 2 
 
 UNION RBOHGANIZING 
 
 "The bakers are now reorganizing their unions and Feb. 21 
 
 perparing to nake a determined effort to create a 
 
 change in several natters in which the journeymen 
 
 are interested. A central connittee has been organized, 
 
 and mass-meetings will be held tomorrow evening, the 
 
 Germans meeting on the north side and the Bohemians on 
 
 the west side. There are now about 700 •onion bakers 
 
 in the city, TOiile perb-aps 2,000 nen are employed in 
 
 that business. The object of consolidating all the
 
 74 ANNALS OF LABOR AND INDUSTRY IN ILLINOIS ; 1890 
 
 unions is to tring in the non-union men. The "bakers 
 used to work from fifteen to eighteen hours a day, but 
 the union men caused a reduction to ten and twelve hours. 
 It is desired to make this rule general. The bakers will 
 probably go before the City Council with petitions for 
 the inspection and renovation of the small basement 
 bakeries, which they claim are unclean and unhealthy. In 
 these places, they say, it is impossible to make whole- 
 some bread or other food fit for consumption." Page 5 
 —Chicago Times . Feb. 21. (I ON) Col. 3 
 
 NEW CORPORATIONS 
 
 "Springfield, 111. , February 21. — The Secretary of Feb. 21 
 State issued licenses to-day to the following: 
 
 "Marquette Electric Construction Company, at Chicago; 
 to operate electric machinery for the purpose of 
 furnishing light, heat and power; capital stock $25,000. 
 
 "Chicago Long-Distance Telephone Company; to maintain 
 a telephone line; capital stock, $1,000,000; incorpora- Page 5 
 tors, W. R. Onohundro, L. M. Hopkins, W. M. Rheem." Col. 5 
 —Chicago Evening Journal . Feb.22.(lC) 1st Ed. 
 
 LOCKOUT OF PEORIA TAILORS 
 
 "A visit to the union tailor shops yesterday disclosed Fob. 21 
 the fact that something was wrong. There were no 
 cutters and no sewing machines clicking away as usual. 
 and no bespectacled tailors sitting cross-legged on the 
 tables. Instead there was glum and gruesome silence. " 
 The union men who are meeting every evening say that 
 they are not seeking any increase in pay but are merely 
 trying to preserve the present scale. 
 
 The master tailors have sought out men who will work 
 for lower pay in order that they may compete with shops 
 which turn out cheap suits. The employers have asked 
 that the union aid them in closing the non-union shops 
 which turn out cheap goods. Few men are working in the
 
 AMALS OF LABOR AND INDUSTRY IN ILLINOIS ; 1890 , 75 
 
 union shops and the nen fear an importation of strike 
 "breakers. Notices have appeared in the Chicago papers 
 warning tailors to stay away from Peoria. Page 6 
 
 — Peoria Transcript , Fe"b. 22, (IP) Col. 1 
 
 "All the union tailors of Peoria are on a strike. Feh. 21 
 Union men haVe been allowed to work in non-union 
 shops at low wages, and the employers of only union 
 nen have suffered from the competition. The employers 
 asked that a scale of wages he made which would allow Page 4 
 then to meet the low priced non-union shops, hut the Coli 7 
 men refused and the lockout resulted." 11 o'cl. 
 
 — Chicago Daily Hews , Feb. 22. (ICN) Edition 
 
 BAKERS' UNION DRIVE 
 
 "An effort is being made by the bakers to consolit-, Feb. 21 
 
 date with local unions so as to induce all non-union Page 2 
 
 nen to join the association. Of 2,700 bakers in the Col, 6 
 
 city only 700 belong to protective associations." 3 o'cl. 
 
 — Chicago Mail , Feb. 21. (ICN) Edition 
 
 ROCK ISLAND REPEALS EIGHT-HOUR ORDINANCE 
 
 "Rock Island— The Rock Island City Council held a Feb. 22 
 special meeting on Saturday evening and repealed the 
 eight-hour ordinance. ..." Enacted in November to 
 apply to paving contracts, the ordinance has met with 
 general disapproval from the property owners. They 
 contend that the cost of the projected improvements 
 would be increased 20 per cent thereby. At the 
 
 council meeting the City Attorney declared the Page 4 
 ordinance illegal, and it was immediately striken Col. 6 
 from the records. 2 o'cl. 
 
 ♦.- Chicago Daily Nevvs , Feb. 24. (ICN) Edition
 
 76 ANNALS OF LABOR AND INDUSTRY IH ILLINOIS ; 1890 
 
 LABOR ORGANIZATIONS PARADE 
 
 "Springfield, 111., Feb. 22 — Washington's "birthday Feb. 22 
 was appropriately observed here. There was a 
 grand street parade this afternoon in which the 
 National Guard and the various civic and labor 
 organizations participated. The bigger part of the 
 demonstration was made by the trades unions , which 
 had about 400 men in line. They carried a number 
 of banners with inscriptions regarding the eight- 
 hour day. They held exercises in the senate 
 chamber. The general exercises were held in the 
 representatives' hall. Speeches were there delivered 
 by Attorney General George Hunt, Dr. Richard Edwards, 
 and Major Alfred A. Orendorf." Page 2 
 
 —Chicago Times. Feb. 23, (ICN) Col, 4 
 
 EIGHT-HOUR AGITATION 
 
 "A well-attended mass meeting was held yesterday Feb. 23 
 
 afternoon at Vorwaerts Turner Hall, West Twelfth 
 
 street, under the auspices of the Central Labor 
 
 Union, in the interest of the eight-hour movement. 
 
 Speeches were made by C. Bechtholdt, Williaja 
 
 Kempke, M. Brizius, and the presiding officer." 
 
 Mr. Bechtholdt. . . "thought the time is not far 
 distant when the workingnen of this country will 
 be grajited their demand for an eight-hour day, and 
 that the best and surest my to win their demand 
 was the organization of unions. . . . 
 
 "Willian Kempke and M. Brizius made addresses 
 advocating the organization of trades unions as a 
 means of education and of winning the eight-hour 
 fight. All the speakers advocated a close adherence 
 to the Boston program of the Federation of Labor, 
 which is to make the fight in but one trade at a 
 tinie, beginning May 1, and extending the movement to 
 other trades \mtil all have gained the eight-hoxir 
 day, " Page 5 
 
 — Chicaao Times. Feb. 24. (ICN) Col. 1
 
 AMALS OF LABOR MP INDUSTRY IN ILLINOIS : 1890 77 
 
 TAILORS' UNION EXPLAINS 
 
 "We wish to correct an article in the Saturday morning Fe"b. 23 
 Transcript stating that a tailor can earn from $15.50 
 to $23 per week. A tailor working at oiir present scale, 
 ten hours per day, will average but $12 per week for the 
 year, and then he is forced to ?;ork nights in the good 
 season. A tailor in order to nake the wpges as stated 
 in the Transcript would have to work instead of ten 
 hours at least fron fifteen to eighteen hours per day. 
 For the week our scale is "based upon the rate of 25 cents 
 per hour which we think not too nuch. The statenent 
 made by the master tailors that union men work for non- 
 union shops for what they can get is not so." The 
 Master Tailors' announcement that they would pay the 
 old scale V7ith the addition of a ' lov/er grade' was 
 rejected, as "we would average but fron $8 to $9 per 
 week. We cannot accept this and earn living wages, 
 as a tailor can do better in any small village. 
 
 — "Journeymen Tailors' Union of Peoria." Page 7 
 Peoria Transcript . Feb. 23. (iP)Col. 4 
 
 PLAN TO SELL THE RAILROADS TO THE GOTERlWffiNT 
 
 The president of the Alton has a plan to aid the Feb. 23 
 holders of railroad securities which are watered 
 from three to five times their actual value. 
 Government ownership is his scheme. Of the 650 
 roads in existence in 1888, only 83 paid dividends. 
 In proportion to the paper value of the roads, 
 the average dividend rate is infinitesimal. Of the 
 62 railroads in Illinois, 49 paid no dividends, and 
 36 did not nake expenses. If the roads could be 
 acquired at a figure based on actTial earnings 
 rather than on the gross amount of inflated secur- 
 ities, the plan vTould nerit consideration. 
 
 "And then the nice prospect of seeing the railroads 
 under political control. We would have then only 
 Irish conductors, Irish fireman, Irish porters, Irish
 
 78 AMALS OF LABOR AMD INDUSTRY IN ILLINOIS : 1890 
 
 station masters and at "best the telegraphers would be 
 recruited from the Americans and the Gornans , because 
 
 the telegraph business nust be learnt. . . and about Page 4 
 
 learning, our brother Paddy does not give a snap." Col. 3 
 
 — Illinois Staats-Zei tune . Chicago. (Editorial) (trans.), Der 
 
 Feb. 23. (IC) Westen 
 
 DEVELOPMENT OF ELGIN WATCH FACTORY STEADILY 
 INCREASING 
 
 "The Elgin Watch factory has been constantly adding Feb. 24 
 to the number of its employes. It now has in the 
 
 neighborhood of 2,700 to 2,800 men and women. 
 
 "Each year the watch factory has quitely added many 
 to its force. In many respects, the increased help 
 in a large prosperous factory is better than to spread 
 the help in many factories. 
 
 "The last addition to the watch factory, for which 
 preparations are being made, will afford accommoda- 
 tions for several hundred more hands. " 
 
 — Elgin D;:,ily News . Feb. 24. Page 4 
 (Gail Borden Public Library) Col. 4 
 
 ANTI-CHICAGO BEEF UW REPEALED 
 
 "The Virginia legislature will repeal the anti- Feb^ 24 
 
 Chicago dressed beef law, states a dispatch from Page "I 
 
 Richmond." li^o'cl.^ 
 
 — Chicago Mail . Feb. 25. (ICN) Edition 
 
 VESSEL OWl^ERS' ASSOCIATION MEETS 
 
 "A meeting of the Vessel Owners' Association was Feb. 25 
 held yesterday at the Sherman house, and the 
 business which had accumulated during the quarter 
 was transacted. It is usual for the Seamen's 
 union to submit a scale of wages at the winter 
 meeting of the association, but this year no prop- 
 osition was made by the sailors, '^he failure of 
 the union to submit a scale is accepted by the 
 vessel owners as an indication that the wages paid 
 last summer will be paid dtixing the coming season." Page 2 
 — Chicago Globe . Feb. 26. (IC) Col. 4
 
 ANMLS OF LABOR AlCT) INDUSTRY IN ILLINOIS : 1890 
 
 WORLD'S FAIR TO CHICAGO 
 
 "The people of the United States, through their rep- Feb. 25 
 resentatives in Congress, have declarod decisively 
 
 that the greatest Fair the world has ever seen shall Page 1 
 
 be held in Chicago. ..." Col. 2 
 
 —Chica/;o Bvoning Journal . Feb. 25. (IC) 1st Ed. 
 
 "The makers of steel springs and natterosses are Feb. 26 
 meeting at the Shernan House to consider forning 
 
 a union." Pago 2 
 
 — Illinois Staats-Zeitun/; . Chicago (trans. ), Feb. 25. (IC) Col. 2 
 
 SUGGESTS HAEMOinr BETWEEN LABOR AlW CAPITAL 
 
 Fron a comnunication to the Globe by Joseph Gruenhut: Feb. 26 
 
 "I hope that the self-appointed infallible popes of 
 socialism, individualism, scientific and other anarch- 
 isn, Henry Georgisn and other Land reforms will for 
 the present restrain their own self- importance and 
 give the working-men a chance to act in harmony with 
 the enterprising capitalists who would employ several 
 hundred thousand men and women here and elsewhere for 
 this World's Fair in Chicago. There is no conflict 
 between capitalists and the working people in Chicago, 
 and the preachers of discord ought to be in better 
 business at the present time." Page 3 
 
 —Chicago Globe. Feb. 26. (IC) Col. 1 
 
 MIDWEST COAl MINERS TO STRIKE 
 
 "Terre Haute, Ind. , Feb. 26.—. . .Patrick McBride, Feb. 26 
 organizer of the national order (Am-alganated Order of 
 United Mine Workers) . . . annoTinces that if the opera- 
 tors do not meet with them .and agree on the yearly 
 scale before May 1 there will be a general strike in Page 4 
 this Competitive District, which includes Illinois, Col. 4 
 Indiana, Ohio, Kentucky, and a part of Tennessee. . ." 3 o'cl. 
 — ChicaTO Mail , Feb. 27, (IC) Edition
 
 80 AMALS OF LABOR AND INDUSTRY IN ILLINOIS ; 1890 
 
 RAILROADS CONDEMiraD FOR LACK OF SAFETY PROVISIONS 
 
 "The railroad companies are just now spending lots of Fe"b. 27 
 money putting in interlocking switches. These 
 switches protect the trains of one road frora heing 
 run into by the trains of another road that crosses 
 it. (There is a thoughtful care for each other in this 
 interlocking-switch arrangement "between railroads 
 that is impressive. Cannot some of these railroad com- 
 panies devise an interlocking switch that will pre- Pa^e 2 
 vent their trains running into the public on the pub- Col. 2 
 lie's highway at street crossings?" 12 o'cl. 
 
 — Chicago Daily News (editorial), Feb.27.(lCN) Edition 
 
 TWO NSW CHICAGO RAILROADS 
 
 "Springfield, 111., Feb. 27.— In the Secretary of Feb. 27 
 State's office today there were filed articles of incor- 
 poration of the Chicago, Harvey & State Line railway, 
 to construct a line from the Illinois and Indiana 
 state line to Chicago; principal office in Chicago; 
 capital stock $3,000,000; incorporators and first 
 board of directors: William Singleton, Willian Black, 
 Walter J. Pratt, Charles H. Pringle, and D. J. Evans. 
 There were also filed articles of incorporation of 
 Chicago, Blue Island & State Line railway; capital ^age 1 
 stock $5,000,000; incorporators same as in preceding Col. 6 
 company." 11 o'cl, 
 
 — Chicago Daily News . Feb. 28. (ICN) Edition 
 
 ORGAinZE WOVEN WIRE TRUST 
 
 "The meeting of the Woven Wire ,and Mattress Man-ufactur- Feb. 27 
 ers' Association will probably conclude its session to- 
 day. Yesterday several committees were appointed to 
 draw up a constitution or agreement and to nominate 
 officers. The committee will report this morning, 
 C. H. Lord of Oneida, N.Y. , will be elected to handle the 
 funds of the organization, and G. W. Fishering of Pitts- 
 burgh will be chosen secretary. Among the well-known 
 manufacturers present at the meeting are 0. S. Foster, Page 1 
 Utica; N. H. Foster, St. Louis, and Frank B. Schultz Col. 6 
 of Milwaukee." 12 o'cl. 
 
 — Chicago Mail . Feb. 27.(ICN) Edition
 
 AMAL5 OF LABOR AUI) ITOUSTRY IN ILLINOIS ; 1890 
 
 81 
 
 DEVELOPMENTS IN TAILORS' UNION STRIKE 
 
 "The tailors' strike is assuming a nsw aspect. A 
 week ago the shops were deserted and no one paid 
 much attention to it, as it is hardly tine for 
 spring clothes." 
 
 Feb. 27 
 
 Last week the firm of Walker A Thonpson imported three 
 tailors fron Chicago and registered then in the Leland 
 Hotel. They were persuaded not to work, hy pickets 
 who net and talked with then. The hotel expelled the 
 tailors when their employers refused to pay the "bill. 
 The nen attempted to retain an attorney to bring suit 
 against the tailoring firm, "for refusing to pay their 
 board any longer, and also for bringing them to Peoria 
 under false pretenses. . . . They found no attorney 
 to take charge of the case. " 
 
 Another connittee of the Master Tailors' Association 
 arrived last night fron Chicago with "more tailors, 
 and these nen will go to work today." 
 
 — Peoria Transcript . Feb. 27. (IP) 
 
 Page 
 Col. 
 
 NEW MASONIC TEMPLE TO BE BUILT 
 
 "The high twelve of Masonry will be reached by the Feb. 28 
 fraternity of Chicago today at noon. While the 
 clocks in a hundred city towers will toll off the 
 hour of 12 M. , the four or five prominent Masons 
 who but a few weeks ago undertook the hazardous and 
 doubtful enterprise of purchasing a site for a 
 Masonic Temple, and the raising of funds for its 
 construction, will assemble and count out $150,000 
 in hard cash as the first installment of the purchase 
 price of the property on the northeast corner of 
 State and Randolph streets. This will secure to the 
 Masonic fraternity one of the most valuable and 
 available pieces of property in Chicago for the 
 purpose intended." Page 1 
 
 — Chicago Tines . Feb. 28. (ICN) Col, 1
 
 fl2 AFJALS OF LABOR AND INDUSTRY IN ILLINOIS : 1890 
 
 PRELUDE TO THE CARPENTERS' STRIKE 
 
 "The union carpenters throughout the city are meet- Mar. 1 
 ing nightly and perfecting measures rei^rding the 
 demands for the coming spring, which are the strict 
 enforcement of the eight-hour day and 40 conts per 
 hour as the minimum rate. From present appearences 
 those demands are likely to he acceded to, as the 
 carpenters are now thoroughly organized." Page 5 
 
 — Chicago Times . Mar. 1. (ICN) Col. 4 
 
 "We hear that the Camhridge coal mine has "been Mar. 1 
 closed by the inspector on account of bad air. It 
 will, doubtless, be put in a healthy condition 
 and again in operation soon." 
 
 — Prairie Chief , Cambridge, Mar. 1. Page 5 
 (Office of Moline Dispatch ) Col. 3 
 
 EIGHT-HOUR DAY 
 
 QUINCY, THE PIANO CENTER 
 
 "The A. H. Whitney Co. made a contract with Pease Mar. 2 
 Piano Company during the past week for 500 pianos. 
 This item of information will convey a slight idea 
 of the magnitude of the business which this new 
 company proposes to conduct in Quincy. 
 
 "Quincy will have before the close of 1890 the 
 leading musical instrument establishment of the west 
 and one of the most important in the United States." 
 
 — Quincy Daily Whig , Mar. 2. Page 3 
 
 (Office of Quincy Herald-Whie ) Col. 3 
 
 "It can hardly be doubted that May first, the day Mar. 
 selected by the Federation of Labor as the starting 
 point for the eight-hour-day movement, will bring
 
 ANNALS OF LABOR AND im JUS TRY IN ILL INOIS:, .j.890 83 
 
 unrest and strikes. It seems that here in the city the 
 artisans employed in the building trades. . . will start 
 things. The carpenters are exceedingly active, and on 
 many sides the demand is made not to v;ait for the first 
 of May, but to take up the contest with the bosses 
 immediately. ..." 
 
 Carpenters are schooling themselves in daily meetings to 
 make effective their forty-cent, eight-hour ultimatum. 
 
 "The members of the United Carpenters' Council are, how- 
 ever, disposed to hold discussions with the bosses for 
 the purpose of a possible agreement; and in case neither 
 should lead to a satisfactory result, to yield to the 
 decision of an arbitrator. But they do not even count 
 on this concession on the part of the master carpenters, 
 for to go into that kind of a proposal would require 
 recognition of the council. And to that, as the car- 
 penters pretend to know already, the bosses will not 
 consent. 
 
 "The carpenters point with satisfaction to the fact that 
 today conditions are different from those in the year 
 1886, v;hen the fight ended v;ith a partial defeat for 
 them. At that time, the bricklayers also quit work, but 
 at the wrong time; and the building trade was so paralyzed 
 that the master joiners saw no cause whatever to enter 
 into negotiations with the workers. Today it is different. 
 The bricklayers are satisfied and do not think -jibout a 
 strike, for their pay has been raised 5 cents per hour and 
 their trade union has been recognized. The master joiners 
 have not yet expressed their opinion regarding these Page 8 
 assertions of the carpenters." Col. 5 
 
 — Illin o is Staats-Zeitung , Dor 
 Chicago (trans.), Mar. 2.(ICN) Westen 
 
 "The eight-hour demonstration given by the carpenters Mar. 
 last evening at Bricklayers' Hall, at the corner of 
 Peoria and Monroe streets, was well attended. Henry D. 
 Lloyd was the first speaker. He said that the demand 
 of the carpenters was an extremely conservative one. 
 Australia had the eight-hour working day, and Australia 
 also had shown us the adv.antage of government ownership 
 of railroads. The town councils of London had granted 
 the corporation laborers a working day of seven hours 
 and a half, which he thought was doing pretty well to
 
 84 ANNALS OF LABOR AND INDUSTRY IN ILLINOIS: 1890 
 
 come from a monarchy. Judge Tuthill said he was 
 greatly pleased at the evident tendency on the part 
 of employers to meet their employes in respectful 
 conference and reason with them. 'The manner in 
 which employers formerly regarded demands from the 
 working people was a relic of despotism and tyranny,' 
 he said. 'The time was when any proposition from 
 laborers to their employers was treated with con- 
 tempt and derision, but, happily, that has gone by 
 and a better spirit prevails. I say that I am en- 
 couraged that there is an evident disposition on the 
 part of employers to listen to your grievances, for 
 if you once give them a respectful hearing your 
 cause is won.' 'I want it understood by the boss 
 carpenters and contractors of this city,' said iVIr. 
 Kliver, 'that we have the strongest organization wo 
 have ever had, and that we propose to strike April 7 
 if it is necessary to gain the eight-hour day.' At 
 the close of Mr. Kliver' s remarks non-union men were 
 invited to join, and some forty or fifty came forward. 
 While this was being done Mr. Hardy of the Bricklay- 
 ers' Union made a few remarks. Mass meetings in the 
 interest of the carpenters' movement are announced 
 for tonight at the corner of Thirty-seventh and 
 'Vabash Avenue and Saturday night at 250 Blue Island 
 Ave . " Page 2 
 
 — Chicago Times , Mar. 5. (ICN) Col. 6 
 
 "The eight-hour demonstration given by the carpen- 
 ters of this city last evening at Bricklayers' Hall, 
 corner of Peoria and Monroe streets, was a very 
 successful affair, both in attendance and enthusiasm. 
 James 0' Conner, president of the Carpenters' council, 
 was chairman of the meeting, and Henry D. Lloyd, 
 Judge Tuthill, George F. Detweiler, and William 
 Kliver were the speakers. Nearly 1,500 laboring men, 
 principally carpenters, were present. . . . 
 
 "At the close of Mr. Kliver' s remarks non-union men 
 were invited to join, and forty or fifty, nearly 
 every non-union man in the hall, came forward. . . . 
 
 "Mass meetings in the interest of the carpenters' Page 1 
 
 movement are announced for tonight on the corner of 37th Col. 5 
 
 and '.'/abash and for Saturday at 250 Blue Island Avenue." 11 o'cl. 
 
 —Chicago Daily News , Alar. 5,(ICU) Edition
 
 ANNALS OF LABOR AND IITDUSTRY IH ILLINOIS ; 1890 85 
 
 "It was a pretty picture Mr. Lloyd painted at the ^fa.r. 4 
 carpenters' mass meeting in Chicago Tuesday night — 
 the norning for lahor, the afternoon for culture, and 
 the evening for play. He hoped, he said, the people 
 would "become disgusted with eight hours of lahor. Mr. 
 Lloyd does not understand the situation. Not a nan 
 of us but long since became disgusted with laboring 
 even one hour, but, unfortunately, disgust is a 
 poor pot-boiler, and culture without food is a poor 
 promoter of human happiness." Page 4 
 
 — Chicago Tines . Mar. 6. (ICN) Col. 4 
 
 MINERS DEFSlvTI) WAGE SCULE 
 
 "Springfield, 111. , March 4. — About May 1 there will Mar. 4 
 be something of a commotion in the coal-mining business 
 in Illinois, along with the other coal states. At that 
 date the eight-hour day, created by the American Federa- 
 tion of Labor, and the increased scale of prices for 
 mining, will both go into effect. The former is not 
 very material, either to the miners or the operators, 
 but the matter of prices to be paid for mining is 
 important, and, according to the present prospect, will 
 be the subject of a lively contest between the miners 
 and the operators. The scale is considerably in advance 
 of the prices now current , and the miners say they 
 expect trouble before all the operators accept the new 
 scale. 
 
 "There convened here today a convention of the miners 
 of the Twelfth District of the National Association of 
 Knights of Labor and Miners' Progressive Union. This 
 district embraces the state of Illinois, and the seventy- 
 five delegates who are here represent all parts of the 
 state without exception. So far they express a determinar- 
 tion to stand by the scale of prices proposed by the 
 Columbus convention and to decline to hold any general 
 conference with the operators on the subject. Patrick 
 McBride of Pennsylvania, president of the national exec- 
 utive board, in addressing the convention this morning, 
 said he foiand this to be the feeling among the miners 
 everywhere. He continued; . . , 'These are our figures, 
 and they are our fighting figures, and no other price will 
 be accepted. They believe that we must hold together and 
 fight the battle \intil victory is won.'" Page 1 
 
 — Chicago Times . Mar. 5. (ICN) Col. 7
 
 86 ANNALS OF LABOR AND INDUSTRY IN ILLINOIS: 1890 
 
 ILLINOIS MINERS CONVENE 
 
 "Springfield, 111., March 4.— Special— The State Mar. 4 
 convention of miners opened in the Senate Chambers 
 here this morning with about seventy-five delegates 
 in attendance. Patrick McCall, of Streator, was 
 elected temporary chairman. Patrick H, McBride, of 
 Pennsylvania, president of National Executive Board, 
 addressed the convention. He said the feeling among 
 miners wherever he had been was to stand by the scale 
 of prices fixed by the recent convention at Columbus, 
 Ohio, to take effect May 1, and to hold no conference 
 with operators on the subject. The convention will 
 last three days. Among other things, the subject of Page 7 
 truck stores will be exhaustively discussed." Col. 3 
 
 — Chicago Evening Journal , Mar. 5. (IC) 1st Ed. 
 
 "The State Convention of coal miners, in session at Mar. 5 
 
 Springfield last week, adopted resolutions favoring 
 
 better compensation; more thorough organization of 
 
 vinions; making a scale of prices that will conform with 
 
 the scale adopted at Columbus, Ohio; to effect a union 
 
 with the miners of Southern Illinois; favoring a joint 
 
 convention of miners and operators; to increase wages; 
 
 to arrive at uniform methods of weighing and screening 
 
 coal; favoring a joint arbitration board and a widows 
 
 and orphans' relief-fund society; to reorganize the 
 
 interstate plan of adjusting mining rates; restricting 
 
 working hours to eight per day; and making contracts 
 
 for mining and hauling subject to the approval of the 
 
 Executive Board." 
 
 — Galva Weekly News , Mar. 13. Page 3 
 (Calva Township Public Library) Col. 5 
 
 "Springfield, Mar. 5. — Although resolutions were Mar. 5 
 adopted favoring the eight-hour day, the delegates are 
 by no means quite unanimously in favor of the date set 
 for it to go into effect, May 1, and several expressed 
 themselves as fearful of the consequences of precipitate 
 action." Page 1 
 
 —Chicago Globe . Mar. 6. (IC) Col. 6
 
 ANIJALS OF LABOR AND INDUSTRY IN ILLINOIS ; 1890 87 
 
 MORGAN ADDRESSES CARPENTERS' COUNCIL 
 
 "Last night's neeting of Union 28, United Carpenters' ^^ar. 5 
 Council, was a most enthusiastic one, the suhject of 
 the union joining the general strike of April 7 if the 
 Carpenter "bosses will not pay 40 cents an hour and 
 make eight hours constitute a day's work "being dis- 
 cussed, hut no conclusion was arrived at. The meeting 
 was held in the Fourth Ward Hall, Thirty-seventh 
 street and Michigan avenue. Tonny Morgan made an 
 address setting forth the inequalities "between pro- 
 ducers and non-producers." Page 1 
 — Chicago Tines . Mar. 6. (ICN) Col. 4 
 
 MINERS' COMENTION 
 
 "Springfield, 111. , March 5. — At today's session of Mar. 5 
 the state miners' convention resolutions were passed 
 in favor of a scale of prices conforming to the Colum- 
 bus scale and restricting the working hours to eight 
 per day; advocating a more thorough organization as 
 unions, and a union with the miners of southern Ill- 
 inois; favoring a joint convention of miners and oper- 
 ators to prevent foolish competition, to increase wae^es, 
 and to arrive at more uniform methods of weighing and 
 screening coal; proposing a joint ar"bitration "board, 
 and a widows' and orphans' relief fund society, and to 
 reorganize the interstate plan of adjusting mining 
 rates, and making contracts for mining and hauling su"b- 
 JQCt to approval by the executive "board. A resolution 
 Was also passed denouncing newspapers which have criti- 
 cised the "bureau of la"bor statistics of the state. The 
 eight-hour resolution was adopted "by the leaders insist- 
 ing upon it. Many are satisfied with the persent work- 
 ing hours, or were timid in insisting on a change. 
 
 "The committee on legislation made a long report, 
 recommending among other things that the legislature 
 pass a law a"bolishing the company or 'truck' store 
 evil, legislation creating a seni-monthly payc^^y, a 
 law providing for the official examination of pit 
 bosses and engineers employed at mines, and pledging 
 the miners to support for the legislature only candi- 
 dates who will commit themselves to the support of such 
 measures. The resolutions will be considered tomorrow. " Page 2 
 — Chicago Times . Mar. 6. (ICN) Col. 2
 
 88 ANNALS OF LABOR AND INDUSTRY IN ILLINOIS: 1890 
 
 MINERS' CONVENTION DECISIONS 
 
 "The state miners' Convention, in Springfield, 111., Mar. 5 
 
 adopted resolutions favoring a joint convention of 
 
 miners and operators to prevent competition; to 
 
 increase wages; arrive at uniform methods of weighing 
 
 and screening coal; a joint arbitration board; a 
 
 reorganization of the interstate plan of adjusting 
 
 mining rates; restricting working hours to eight a 
 
 day; and making contracts for mining and hauling 
 
 subject to the approval of the Executive Board." 
 
 — Journ a l of t h'j luilghts of Labor , Page 4 
 Philadelphia, Mar. IS. (ICJ) Col. 3 
 
 MINERS ADOPT NE^ alfAGE SCALE 
 
 "Springfield, 111., March 7. — At the state convention Mar. 7 
 
 of coal miners today William Scaife of Coal City, the 
 
 present state secretary, was elected president for the 
 
 ensuing year, and Ebenezer Howells of Braceville was 
 
 elected secretary and treasurer. Since the late strike 
 
 in northern Illinois Howells, because of the part he 
 
 took in it, has been barred from employment, and he was 
 
 elected secretary today as a reward for his martyrdom. 
 
 The executive committee are: George Bainbridge of Coal 
 
 City, J. C. Tibbetts of Peoria, George Rubis of Streator, 
 
 James R. Edwards of Sparta, and M. J. Goings of Smith- 
 
 boro. The convention wound up its business today and 
 
 adjourned. The convention next year will be held in 
 
 Springfield. 
 
 "The convention agreed upon a scale of prices for 
 machine mining that will equalize the price in the 
 competitive districts, subject to modification and 
 alteration by the National Executive Committee. A 
 two-thirds vote will hereafter be necessary to alter 
 the constitution. The office of district auditor 
 was also created." Page 2 
 
 - -Chicago Times , Mar. 8. (ICN) Col. 2 
 
 CARPENTERS' MASS MEETINGS 
 
 "There were about 100 people at the carpenters' mass- 
 meeting at No. 250 Blue Island avenue last night. . . . 
 William Kliver made the principal speech of the evening.
 
 AUNALS OF USQ-R AND ICTUSTRY IN ILLINOIS :1890 
 
 He said he hoped there wouldn't "be any strike; he 7/anted 
 arbitration. 'The people we want to get after,' he said, 
 'are the bloodthirsty scamps who figure on work and take 
 profits for thenselves out of the wages of the v/orkingnen. 
 It is figured out now that of $12.00 produced by the 
 laboring man the capitalist gets $11.00 of it. I wish it 
 could be arranged to give $6 to labor and $5 to the cap- 
 italists. '" Page 5 
 — Chicago Sunday Tribune . Mar. 9. (IC) Col. 1 
 
 CARPENTERS DEIL'^ED EIGHT HOUR PAY 
 
 "A mass neeting of the west side carpenters was held t.fa.r. 8 
 at 250 Blue Island avenue last night, under the auspices 
 of the United Carpenters' Council. The proposal to n,ake 
 eight hours a day' s work and 40 cents an hour the stand- 
 ard rate of wages was discussed. Willian Kliver, vice 
 president of the Carpenters' and Joiners' Brotherhood, 
 nade the opening address. He said the union carpenters 
 were dissatisfied with the request of their bosses to 
 work for 15 and 25 cents an hour, while plunbers, brick- 
 layers , plasterers , ,and stone nasons working by their 
 side were receiving 40 and 50 cents. He urged the 
 absolute necessity of the carpenters uniting and demand- 
 ing their rights. Janes McShane followed ,and predicted 
 that the carpenters would be gr.onted their denands. He 
 counseled then to keep cool and not to indulge in rabid, 
 inflannatory speeches." Page 7 
 
 — Chica/:o Tines, IJar. 9. (ICN) Col. 3 
 
 CARPENTERS DELIBERATE 
 
 "The carpenters of Chicago have as good as decided that Mar. 11 
 eight hours shall constitute a day's work for then, 
 and that the nininun price shall be 40 cents an hour for 
 labor perforned. Unless this finds favor in the eyes 
 of the contractors a general strike will xindoubtedly be 
 ordered, and April 7 the nen, by laying down their tools, 
 will begin to fight. The effect of such a strike as the 
 carpenters now anticipate cannot be estimated, for all 
 nen now engaged in building will be nore or less affected. 
 The nen say they are prepared to nake a long resistance 
 against their employers.
 
 ANNALS OF LABOR AND INDUSTRY IN ILLINOIS: 1890 
 
 "More than 300 carpenters met last night at 876 
 Milwaukee avenue to discuss the situation preparatory 
 to announcing their ultimatum of eight hours a day and 
 40 cents an hour as an agreement which will avoid a 
 general strike. . . . William KLiver, vice president 
 of the United Brotherhood of Carpenters of America, 
 spoke. When he asked: 'How many men are here who will 
 go out April 7 unless we get what we ask for?' every 
 man in the room stood up to signify his willingness to 
 make the fight, and when it was further asked if they 
 would stick after they went out, every man replied in 
 the affirmative." Page 1 
 
 —Chicago Times, Mar. 12. (ICN) Col. 1 
 
 CARPENTERS DISCUSS STRIKE 
 
 "Members of Local Assembly No. 9272 of the Knights of Mar. 12 
 
 Labor held a meeting last evening at 208 Blue Island 
 
 Avenue to arrive at some resolution regarding the 
 
 strike proposed by the carpenters for April 7th. J. G. 
 
 Ogden was the chairman and C. H. Randall of District 
 
 Assembly 20 made a long speech in which he called upon 
 
 all present to negotiate with their employers in an 
 
 amicable way. Other speakers addressed -the audience 
 
 in like manner and asked for unanimous action as the 
 
 only method of attaining the desired result in the 
 
 eight -hour-day movement." Page ,2, 
 
 — Illinois Staats-Zeitung , Chicago (trans), Mar. 13. ( IC) Col. 6 
 
 THE KNIGHTS OF LABOR Al® THE EIGHT-HOUR DAY 
 
 "Local assembly No. 9272, Knights of Labor, held a Mar. 12 
 
 meeting last night at No. 208 Blue Island avenue to 
 
 take action on the efforts of the carpenters to strike 
 
 April 7." J. H. Randall said the Federation and the 
 
 Knights were united on the eight hour day. However, 
 
 he cautioned against trying also to get forty cents an 
 
 hour at this time, or naming a date for a strike. "A 
 
 strike should be wisely considered before it is entered 
 
 into," he warned. 
 
 "The assembly then went into executive session. From a 
 prominent Knight it was learned that the secret session 
 would pass resolutions asking the Tradas Assembly to
 
 AMALS OF LA30R AND INDUSTRY IH ILLINOIS ; 1890 91 
 
 appoint a committee of its members to co-operate with 
 a committee of Knights so that they would work together. 
 Resolutions of a similar character were sent to the Trades 
 Assembly Feb. 11 and a place of meeting for the joint 
 assembly was secured, but the matter was ignored by the 
 unionists. It was hoped that the unionists would consider 
 a second overture of this kind. ... It is claimed that 
 out of the 12,000 local carpenters less than 3,000 are 
 members of either the Knights or the Trades Assembly, but 
 they are fast orgaaizing new assemblies." Page 4 
 
 — Chicago Globe . Mar. 13. (IC) Col. 3 
 
 CARPENTER CONTRACTORS CONSIDER 
 EIGHT HOUR QUESTION 
 
 "The members of the Carpenters' Union of this city 
 believe that no trouble will be met with in the matter 
 of the eight-hour movement when the crisis comes next 
 month. As a preliminary step towards a solution of the 
 problem the master carpenters will hold a meeting this 
 evening in the hall of the builders' and traders' exchange, 
 161 La Salle street. There they will give the eight-hour 
 proposition submitted by the carpenters a thorough hearing. 
 What the action of the bosses will be cannot be predicted 
 at present, for the reason that none of them feels able 
 to speak for the body. Many of them resent the demand of 
 40 cents per hour as minimum pay; at the same time they 
 believe that wages should go up some. 
 
 "The thirty men who struck at the Old Board of Trade 
 building have returned to work under the old conditions. 
 In fact, the carpenters generally laugh at the men who 
 quit and by this time the little party of strikers see 
 their error." Page 5 
 
 — Chicago Times . Mar. 13. (ICN) Col. 1 
 
 The Carpenters' and Builders' Association held a meeting Mar. 13 
 to discuss the United Carpenters' Council's demands of an 
 eight-hour day and 40 cents an hour. The association 
 recognizes that "eight hours shall constitute a day," but 
 "declared that 35 cents per hour should be the maxinun 
 rate of pay during the coning season, or at least until 
 the contracts. . .entered into shall have been completed." 
 Committees were authorized to confer with the union for a 
 settlement of differences. Until now the United Council 
 had not been acknowledged "in any way, shape or manner." Page 1 
 — Chicago Globe . Mar. 14(lC)Col. 7
 
 92 ANNALS OF LABOR AND INDUSTRY IN ILLINOIS: 1890 
 
 CARPENTERS CONTINUE WAGE AND HOUR DEMANDS 
 "The carpenters continued their agitation for an eight- Mar. 
 
 hour day and 40 cents an hour with a well-attended mass 
 meeting at the corner of Sixty-third and Halsted streets 
 last night. About 500 were present. . . . James Breniiock, 
 the first speaker, gave a brief resume of the work done 
 by the Carpenters' Union in shortening hours and advanc- 
 ing wages." 
 
 He said that at the present rate of wages a good carpenter 
 could only make "from $350 to $500 a year," and warned of 
 the impending strike April 7, if the attitude of the 
 bosses persisted. Another speaker said that only when the 
 5,000 members of the trade stood together could their 
 demands be realized. Page 
 
 — Chicago Sunday Globe , Mar. 16. (IC) Col. 
 
 STAY AWAY FROM CHICAGO, CARPENTERS WARNED 
 
 "Our Chicago unions propose to strike April 7th for 40 Mar. 15 
 cents per hour, as the minimum, instead of 35 cents, and 
 to maintain the eight hours. We warn all carpenters to 
 stay away from Chicago until this trouble is settled." Page 1 
 —The Carpenter . Philadelphia, Mar. 15. (ICJ) Col. 5 
 
 DHVIANDS OF THE PERSONAL RIGHTS LEAGUE 
 
 "The Chicago Central Committee of the Personal Rights Mar. 15 
 League has resolved itself into a campaign committee and 
 demands that the municipality shall control street and 
 elevated railroads, gas plants, etc., that the system of 
 special assessments be abolished, that railway companies be 
 obliged to protect the public from their trains, that 
 aldermen be only allowed to hold office subject to a recall 
 by a majority of their constituents, that they receive suffi- 
 cient remuneration for their services, that no child under 14 
 be employed in any factory, store of office, that the Police 
 department be cleansed of politics, that work on the World's 
 Fair buildings be performed by union men, that six days of 
 eight hours each shall constitute a week's work." Page 3 
 —Chicago Daily Tribune . Mar. 15. (IC) Col. 3
 
 AMALS OF LABOR AND INDUSTRY IN ILLINOIS ; 1890 93 
 
 CIRCULAR LETTER TO CARPE^TTERS' UNIONS 
 
 "The Chicago jo-urnejnnen carpenters are preparing for Mar. 15 
 the tig strike they seem to consider inevitahle. . . , 
 That the union carpenters have ahout concluded that a 
 strike will come, and that they are fully determined 
 to make the recognition of the union the main issue of 
 the fight, is evinced "by the issuance of the following 
 circular letter, 10,000 copies of which will "be dis- 
 tri"buted throughout the United States and Canada: 
 
 "'Chicago, 111., March 15, 1890 — Dear Sir 
 and Brother : We take the li"berty of ad- 
 dressing you in this manner for the purpose 
 of informing you, that you may inform 
 others, that the union carpenters of this 
 city are now preparing to go out on strike 
 (if our demands are not acceded to) on the 
 7th day of April next for an increase of 
 wages, a strict enforcement of . the eight- 
 hour day, and a full recognition of the 
 union working card on all jo"bs. 
 
 "'We further desire to say that we have 
 resolved on the above action only after 
 careful deli"beration and a unanimous conr- 
 clusion on our part that the "bosses will 
 (after a short struggle) concede all our 
 demands, as on no previous occasion have 
 the journeymen carpenters of the city of 
 Chicago "been so well organized or so hope- 
 ful of the outcome. 
 
 "'Desiring to secure the moral support of 
 all union carpenters throughout the United 
 States and Canada, we have issued this 
 circular, trusting that your organization 
 will assist us in this fight by earnestly 
 attending to the following requests: That 
 your members are warjaed not to come to 
 Chicago while the strike is on, no matter 
 what flattering inducements are offered 
 them (as we have no doubt that our bosses 
 will make every effort to flood this city 
 with carpenters from other cities), and 
 that your members be requested, as far as 
 practicable , to prevent non-union men of 
 their acquaintance from coming here.
 
 94 ANNALS OF LABOR AND INDUSTRY IN ILLINOIS: 1890 
 
 '•'We are especially anxious for your support in this 
 struggle, as we fear that our bosses may endeavor to 
 make capital (in outside towns and cities) out of the 
 fact that the World's Fair is being held in Chicago, 
 while in reality no carpenter work will be done in 
 that direction before next year. 
 
 "'Brother Carpenters, Chicago's struggle is your own'. 
 Help us! Stay away and victory is ours'. 
 
 "'Fraternally yours, the United Carpenters' Page 1 
 
 Council of Chicago and Vicinity. Col. 5 
 
 "'T. J. Howard, Secretary'" 5 o'cl. 
 
 —Chicago Mail, Mar, 15. (ICN) Edition 
 
 PEORIA PUBLICITY MISLEADING 
 
 'Teoria, 111. — We have had considerable work in days Mar. 15 
 past, but the local papers had so advertised the town 
 that men have come here from the ends of the earth and 
 as a result union men are walking the streets or using 
 a No. 2 shovel. So, while the papers are trying to 
 boom the city, we would advise those of the craft who 
 are seeking employment to look elsewhere if they wish 
 to verify the statement, 'Seek and ye shall find.'" Page 1 
 --•The Carpenter, Philadelphia, Mar. 15. (ICJ) Col. 3 
 
 CARPENTERS EARN LESS THAN STREET CLEANERS 
 
 "Members of the Carpenters' Union are thoroughly con- Mar . 16 
 
 fident that their projected demand for eight hours' 
 
 work per day and 40 cents per hour will prove successful. 
 
 A number of carpenters were gathered at the headquarters 
 
 of the council yesterday afternoon discussing the prospects. 
 
 "'We feel,' said one, 'that we are sure to succeed. . . . 
 We are a peculiar class and have never been noted for the 
 "bread or blood" cry. And yet we get poorer wages and 
 longer hours than almost any other trade. . . . 
 
 "'Do you know,' said another carpenter, 'what the
 
 ANNATE OF LABOR AND BEDUSTRY IN ILLINOIS: 1890 
 
 average pay per year of a journeyman carpenter in 
 Chicago is?. . . .It is just $392 . . . .Well, he will 
 pay at least $190 a year rent. ♦ . . Then, say, his fuel 
 will cost him about $50 per year. That will leave him 
 just $152 to live on for the entire year. . . . Why, Page 1 
 street cleaners and hod carriers. . . . are better paid Col. 1 
 than we are. . . . '" 12 o'cl. 
 
 —Chicago Mail . Mar. 17, (ICN) Edition 
 
 WHEEL FACTORY 
 
 "Another meeting of citizens in the interest of the Mar. 17 
 car wheel factory was held Monday evening. . . . The 
 company is being organized and the stock is being sold. 
 . . . The stock now subscribed amounts to $500,000." 
 
 — Galva Weekly News , Mar. 20. Page 5 
 Galva Township Public Library) Col. 5 
 
 CARVERS WANT SHORTER HOURS 
 
 "Monday last twenty men employed as carvers at the Mar. 16 
 Continental Furniture Manufacturing Company, Weed and 
 Dayton streets, made a demand for a reduction of their 
 working time from ton to nine hours. The demand was 
 refused and the workmen walked out and non-union men 
 were employed, and Monday night the strikers met them 
 and obtained a promise from them not to return to work. 
 Tuesday morning the non-union men did return to work and 
 Tuesday evening several of their number were assaulted 
 and beaten by the strikers. The proprietors demanded 
 police protection and a detail was made from the 
 Larrabee station." Page 1 
 
 — Chicago Times , Mar. 21. (ICN) Col. 4 
 
 BOYS STRIKE AT LIBBY, McNEILL & LIBBY 
 PICKLING WORKS 
 
 "Seventy-five boys, who work in Libby, McNeill & Libby's Mar. 
 pickling department at the stockyards, quit work yester- 
 day because their demand for a wage increase from $4.50
 
 ANNALS OF LABOR AND INDUSTRY IN ILLINOIS: 1890 
 
 to $6 per week was refused. But soon they returned to 
 
 their work, for they saw that the firm could also get 
 
 along without them." Page 1 
 
 —Illinois Staats-Zeitung, Chicago (trans.), Mar. 20. (IC) Col. 6 
 
 NEW CORPORATIONS 
 
 "Springfield, 111. March 19. --(Special. )— The Mar. 19 
 
 Secretary of State issued licenses today to the follow- 
 
 ing: 
 
 "Joliet Wire Nail Company, at Joliet; to manufacture Page 7 
 
 wire nails; capital stock, |80,000." Col. 1 
 
 — Chicago Evening Journal , Mar. 20. (IC) 1st. Ed. 
 
 UNREST IN BUILDING TRADES 
 
 "As the building season opens more and more unrest Mar. 20 
 develops in the building trades. The journeymen 
 plumbers have asked an increase in the union scale of 
 wages. At the present time two grades of journeymen 
 are recognized by the union, a first and a second 
 grade. . . . The union scale of wages for first-class 
 journeymen is $3.75 a day of eight hours, except Satur- 
 day, and on which day seven hours constitute a day's 
 work. For second-class workmen the rate is $3.15 a 
 day. For boys and apprentice' the wages vary from 
 $1.50 to $2.50 a day. . . ." 
 
 The Master Plumbers' Association was notified by the 
 journeymen that after April 7 they would demand the 
 "abolition of distinction between the first and 
 second-class journeymen and an increase of pay from 
 $3.60 to $3.75 a day for all journeymen plumbers." Page 6 
 The feeling prevailed that the Master Plumbers' Col. 1 
 
 association would grant the demands. 11 o'cl, 
 
 — Chicago Daily News , Mar. 20. (ICN) Edition 
 
 CARPENTERS ADOPT RESOLUTIONS 
 
 "A meeting of the United Carpenters' Council of Mar. 20 
 
 Chicago was held last night at their hall, 163 Washing- 
 ton street. The convention was called for the purpose 
 of discussing and adopting a platform. After some talk 
 they voted in favor of the following resolutions:
 
 AKl^IALS OF LA30B AND INDUSTRY IN ILLINOIS ; 1890 
 
 "'Resolved, That we, the United Carpenters' Council of 
 Chicago and Vicinity, place ourselves on record and make 
 public the following, which is an exact copy of the con- 
 nunication to he laid before the joint arbitration com- 
 mittee of the Carpenters' and Builders' Association and 
 the United Carpenters' Council. We desire that the points 
 to be discussed by the two committees shall include the 
 following: 
 
 "'1. The establishment of a uniform workday. 
 
 "'2. The establishment of a minimum rate of wages. 
 
 "'3. The establishment of a minioun rate of wages 
 
 for overtime. 
 "'4. The establishment of a minimum rate of wages 
 
 for Sunday work. 
 "'5. The establishment of an apprentice system. 
 "'6, The adoption of a code of working rules. 
 "'7, The settlement of all disputes now existing 
 
 or that may hereafter arise between employers 
 
 and employes by a joint standing committee 
 
 on arbitration. 
 
 "'We ask that eight hours shall constitute a day's work 
 throughout the year, work to begin at 8 o'clock A.M. and 
 end at 5 o'clock P.M. , but the noon hour may be curtailed 
 by a special agreement between the foreman and a majority 
 of the workmen, but not in such a way as to permit more 
 than eight hours' work between the hours named, 
 
 "'Overtime shall not commence before 6 o'clock P.M. and 
 shall end not later than 7 o'clock A.M. The minimum rate 
 of wages for journeymen carpenters shall be 40 cents per 
 hour for regular day work. Overtime shall be rated as 
 time and one-half, Sunday 7/ork as double time. 
 
 "'We desire the establishment of a satisfactory apprentice 
 system for the purpose of encauraging American boys to 
 learn a trade and become useful members of society. We 
 desire that union men shall not be asked to work with non- 
 union men. We ask for a code of working rules equally 
 binding on both parties. 
 
 "'We are willing that all disputes now existing, or that 
 may hereafter arise, between employer and employe shall 
 be subnitted to a joint standing committee of ten members, 
 five to be selected by the Carpenters and Builders Associa- 
 tion and five by the United Carpenters' Council. When 
 necessary the joint standing committee shall elect an um- 
 pire, whose decision shall be fin^al on all matters submitted 
 to hin. 
 
 "'T. J. Howard, 
 
 "'Secretary United Carpenters' Council.'
 
 98 ANNALS OF LABOR AND INDUSTRY IN ILLINOIS: 1890 
 
 •"We are willing to leave the decision,' said President 
 O'Connell of the council, 'to any fair-minded man in the 
 state of Illinois. We feel that no one can dispute the 
 justice of our proposition.'" Page 5 
 
 - -Chicago Times, Mar. 21. (ICN) Col. 1 
 
 "It again begins to look as if a strike of the 
 carpenters of the city in April could not be averted. 
 When the Carpenters' and Builders' Association decided 
 last week to concede the eight-hour day and increase the 
 rate of pay it was hoped that all differences existing 
 between employers and employes could be amicably arranged. 
 Since that meeting, however, the bosses have declared their 
 intention of treating v;ith their men individually and not 
 with their representative organization, the United Car- 
 penters' Council." 
 
 The union insists upon corporate rather than individual 
 action. Other demands include a minimum, not a uniform, 
 rate of pay, an eight-hour day, an apprentice system, and 
 the settlement of disputes by an arbitration committee. Page 1 
 —Chicago Globe , Mar. 21. (IC) Col. 7 
 
 BOARD OF TRADE REFORIvIS ADVOCATED 
 
 "Washington, D. C, March 20.— Representative Mar . 20 
 
 Butterworth today appeared before the House Commit- 
 tee on Agriculture in support of his bill levying a 
 tax upon dealers in options and traders in puts and 
 calls. ... He explained why it was that sellers had 
 an advantage in the pit and why prices were beaten 
 down as the result of the trade in what is known as 
 'wind' wheat and other staples, these transactions 
 having no existence except in name. 
 
 "He said there was more 'wind' wheat sold in the pit Page 1 
 
 at Chicago each year than was produced in the whole Col. 3 
 
 world. . . ." 11 o'cl. 
 
 — Chicago Daily News , Mar. 21. (ICN) Edition
 
 ANNALS OF Li\BOR AND INDUSTRY IN ILLINOIS; 1890 99_ 
 
 L/aOR TROUBLES IN MINES 
 
 "Greenview, 111. — Miners and mine laborers are Mar. 20 
 
 requested to stay away from this place, as there is 
 trouble at the Menard shaft, and men at other places 
 work only half time." 
 
 — Journal of the Knights of Labor, Page '3.. 
 Philadelphia, Mar. 20. (ICJ] Col. 6 
 
 ILLINOIS CENTRAL REDUCES HOURS AND WAGES 
 
 "The Illinois Central Railroad Company last week Mar. 20 
 posted notices in its extensive shops at Centralia 
 reducing the working time to nine hoiirs a day, which 
 is equivalent to a 10 per cent reduction in wages. 
 The men were greatly surprised at the action." 
 
 — Galva Weekly News , Mar. 20. Page 3 
 (Galva Township Public Library) Col. 2 
 
 "The Burnstead Heater Company are talking of leaving Mar . 20 
 Galesburg and locating in Peoria on account of 'insuf- 
 ficient' encouragement in Galesburg." 
 
 — Galva Weekl y News , Mar. 20. Page 4 
 
 (Galva To'unship Public Library) Col, 2 
 
 BRICKYARD EMPLOYEES MAY STRIKE 
 
 "There is another strike impending in all the brick- Mar . 20 
 
 yards located in Cook County outside of the city of 
 
 Chicago. 
 
 "In the city yards the hours of labor average eight 
 hours, while in the country yards they have heretofore 
 been ten per day, and the country makers have been able 
 to put their products on the city market at a greater 
 profit than could be made by the local manufacturers. ..." 
 
 This competition forces city firms to demand that hours Page 1 
 
 in the country yards be reduced or that hours in the Col. 5 
 
 city be increased to ten a day. 5 o'cl. 
 
 — Chicago Daily News , Mar. 20. (ICN) Edition
 
 100 ANNALS OF LABOR AND INDUSTRY IN ILLINOIS: 1890 
 
 FURNITURE COMPANY SEEKS PROTECTION FROM STRIKERS 
 
 "The owners of the Continental Furniture Company, Weed Mar. 20 
 and Dayton streets, found themselves compelled yesterday 
 to ask the police for protection against the attacks of 
 a handful of strikers. 
 
 "On Monday about 20 turners left the factory and wont 
 on a strike. Their request to reduce the ten-hour work- 
 day one hour had been refused, because, as the factory 
 owners declared, none of the other furniture factories 
 work less than ten hours. The places of the strikers 
 were filled at once; but when the 'scabs' started to go 
 home the first evening, they were attacked and mistreated 
 by the strikers. On Tuesday one of the scabs was even 
 knocked down. His name could not be ascertained, as he 
 had worked only one day and did not return. The newly 
 employed workers did not venture to go out unless armed 
 with cudgels, and yesterday it became necessary to seek 
 protection from Lieuteneint Schmidt." 
 
 —Illinois Staats-Zeitung, Chicago (trans.), Mar. 21. (IC) Page 1 
 ^ Col. 6 
 
 PIN FACTORY TO KANKAKEE 
 
 '"Without warning or flourish of trumpets there has Mar . 20 
 sprung up in our midst a new enterprise, which may be 
 the beginning of greater things. Mr. A. Major, of Wash- 
 ington, D. C, has located a pin-making machine in the 
 old Teed shoe factory, where it is now in operation 
 turning out pins at the rate of 300 a minute. Mr. Major 
 was induced to come to Kankakee by Mr. Cobb, who ran 
 across the gentleman in Washington this winter. If a 
 stock company can be formed, Mr. Major will remove his 
 plant here, which when complete will consist of about 
 six pin machines with a total capacity of a million pins 
 a day and the same number of hook-and-eye machines. 
 About twenty hands would be employed." Page 1 
 
 —Kankakee Gazette, Mar. 27. (Office of Kankakee Gazette) Col. 3 
 
 "An English syndicate has purchased the Rockford Gas Mar. 20 
 
 Company's plant for $300,000." Page 6 
 
 — The Independent , Kewanee, Mar. 20. (Township Public Col. 2 
 
 Library)
 
 AMALS OF LABOR AND INDUSTRY IN ILLINOIS ; 1890 101 
 
 CROCKERY MEN ORGANIZE 
 
 "About seventy representatives of the wholesale Mar. 20 
 crockery ,and glassware trade of the west and north- 
 west net yeaterday in the ballroon at Kinsley's 
 and effected the organization of a national asso- 
 ciation." Page 3 
 —Chicago Glohe . Mar. 21. (IC) Col. 3 
 
 NSW CORPORATIONS 
 
 "Springfield, 111., March 20. ~ (Special.) — The Mar. 20 
 
 Secretary of State issued licenses today to the 
 
 following: 
 
 "Beach Pneunatic Conveyer Company, at Chicago; capital 
 stock $500,000; for the nanufactxire of machinery and 
 pne^unatic pipe lines for the collection and transfer by 
 pneunatic process of the nails, grain and other con- Page 7 
 modities . . . . " Col. 3 
 
 — Chicafe:o Evening Jnnrnj^ l . Liar. 21. (IC) 1st Ed. 
 
 BOARDING HOUSE FOR WORKING WOliElI 
 
 "A meeting was held at the Trenont yesterday after- Mar. 21 
 noon, at which an association was forned for the 
 purpose of establishing and maintaining a boarding 
 house for working women, under control of Scandinavians. 
 The following board of directors was elected: Dr, 
 Odelia Blinn, Dr. Fanny Dickenson, Dr. Lucy Waite, Mrs. 
 Anna Amstrong, A. E. Johnson, Alex Johnson, proprietor 
 of the Skafferen; A. Chaiser of the Svenska Tribunen ; 
 Peter Swanoe, Swedish vice consul; Enil Dryer, Danish 
 consul; Canute R. Matson, CoroJier Henry L. Herta, 
 Helge A. Haugan, John A. Anderson of the Skandinaven . 
 Rev. Christian Freider of the Christian Advocate , the 
 Rev. A. Hallner of the Mission Friend ." Page 5 
 
 — Chicago Tines . Mar. 22. (ICN) Col. 3
 
 102 ANNALS OF LABOR AND INDUSTRY IN ILLINOIS: 1890 
 
 PLUMBERS TO STRIKE 
 
 "The journeymen plvmibers have decided to join issues Mar. 21 
 with the carpenters and go out April 7 unless the 
 masters accede to their demands. The journeymen ask 
 the abolition of all class work. According to the 
 union scale of wages first-class men receive $3.75 
 per day of eight hours, except Saturday, on which 
 seven hours constitute a day's work. Second-class 
 artisans receive }Z.15. A meeting of the master 
 plumbers is to be held in the Honore block this after- 
 noon at 2 o'clock for the purpose of considering this 
 demand, which was made some time ago. The bosses are 
 inclined to think the matter may be settled satisfactorily 
 to all parties. The abolition of classes simply means 
 a raise of pay on second-class work of 15 cents per day 
 and a number of the bosses are not disinclined to meet 
 the men half way." Page 5 
 
 — Chicago Times , Mar. 21. (ION) Col. 1 
 
 PACKING HOUSE MPLOYES ASK EIGHT-HOUR DAY BE RESTORED 
 
 "Frank A. O'Neill, the president of the Packing House Mar. 21 
 Laborers' Union, has sent a letter to each of the pack- 
 ing house employers with a view to restoring the working 
 day of eight hours. The communication asks that a time 
 be set when a committee from both sides can meet and 
 discuss the question as fully as it deserves." Page 5 
 
 —Chicago Times . Mar. 21. (ICN) Col. 1 
 
 GENERAL UNION ACTIVITY IN CHICAGO 
 
 "At present there is much activity in the field of Mj 
 organization among the trade unions throughout the 
 country. The work is being done quietly, but none the 
 less surely are the great and little trade unions placing 
 themselves in a position to meet the draft that will be 
 made upon their autonomy and their treasury on May 1st, 
 when the eight-hour day for the building trades will be 
 inaugurated. There is no indication that the industrial 
 centers of the country will pass through such an exciting 
 period as that produced by the labor convulsions four years 
 ago. Employers and employes have both been taught a lesson 
 by the events, tragic and otherwise, of 1886. While there
 
 ANNALS OF LABOR ,^JD INTOJSTHY IN ILLIITOIS ; 1890 103 
 
 is a quiet, firm determination on the part of the employes 
 to insist upon a hearing and an equitatle settlement of 
 their demands, there is also a disposition on the part of 
 a majority of the large employers to listen patiently to 
 the complaints of their men and to concede such demands 
 as they may consider just. 
 
 "In Chicago there is a feeling among those enga,red in the 
 building trades that the liosses , by their action of last 
 week, have practically conceded the eight-hour day. Of 
 course, the masons and bricklayers have had the benefit 
 of this beneficent institution for several years, and as 
 a result they point with pride to their magnificent union, 
 their Temple of Labor at the corner of Peoria and Monroe 
 streets, and their strong financial condition. There is 
 not a single bricklayer working in Chicago that is not a 
 member in good standing of the union .... There is 
 full recognition of the union by the contractors .... 
 
 "The carpenters are engaged in a struggle to attain exact- 
 ly the same position that the bricklayers occupy. Daring 
 the past three months they have held mass meetings almost 
 every night, and prominent speakers like Judges Altgeld, 
 Tuthill, Prendergast , Hon. Hemstead Washburne, Henry D. 
 Lloyd, and others have been invited and have participated 
 in the discussions. More than 1,000 non-union men have 
 been prevailed upon to join the union. Out of the 7,000 
 carpenters in Chicago more than 5,000 now march under the 
 banner of the Brotherhood of Carpenters and Joiners or 
 the Amalgamated Association. The carpenters' demands, 
 which they insist shall go into effect on Monday, April 
 7th, are: Eight-hour day, 40 cents an hour as a minimum 
 wage, and recognition of the union on the same terms as 
 the bricklayers. If these demands are not granted there 
 undoubtedly will be a strike, and the whole power of the 
 National Brotherhood of Carpenters and Jointers, an or- 
 ganization numbering 70,000 carpenters, will be called 
 upon and will earnestly respond to back up the carpenters 
 of Chicago. It is understood that the American Federation 
 of Labor will regard favorably a proposition that has been 
 suggested to make the carpenters' struggle on April 7th 
 a preliminary battle for the great contest of May 1st, in 
 which case the carpenters would have behind them the 
 moral and financial support of 700,000 trade unionists 
 and Chicago would become, as in 1886, the battle ground 
 of the eight-hour movement.
 
 104 AI'IMALS OF LABOR AFP INDUSTRY IN ILLINOIS: 1890 
 
 "A quiet effort also is being made to reorganize the 
 painters, v/hich craft was formerly an Assemlily of the 
 Knie;hts of Labor, compriaing a membership of nearly 
 1,600. The Assembly imdertook a strike in March, 1887, 
 and when it came out of the contest it resemluled a man 
 who had been run through a threshing machine — there 
 was nothing left but blood and bones. It has never 
 recovered from that threshing, and if it has any existence 
 at all now it is so weak as to be unworthy of consideration. 
 
 "The Brotherhood of Painters and Decorators of America, 
 attached to the Federation of Labor, has, however, commenced 
 the work of organizing the craft in Chicago and is meeting 
 with considerable success. Sev3ral preliminary meetings 
 have been held and it is thought a br.nnch v/ill soon be 
 launched nunbering at least 400 members. 
 
 "The plasterera, lathers, hod carriers, and other branches 
 of the building trades are all fairly well organized and 
 will be heard from ¥/hen the time comes to inaugurate the 
 ei/jht-hour day. , . . 
 
 "The Packing House Laborers' Union has been organized and 
 starts in >7ith a membership of about 750. The president 
 of the union is Frank O'Neil, an old member of the Ham 
 Sewers' Assembly of the Knights of Labor. If the packing 
 house men can recover from the terror that struck them on 
 the failure of their attempt to vvin tha eight-hour day in 
 1886, and which has since been maintainod by the bosses, 
 they will soon form an organization of ten or fifteen 
 thousand members. It is not beyond the bounds of reason- 
 able probability that the 1st of May will find a very 
 strorgand aggressive organization at the stock yards. 
 O'Neil, the presidsnt , is a hustler, and may succeed in 
 inspiring the stockyards men with confidence in organiza- 
 tion to such an extent as to bring them out in a body. 
 If he does, any one familiar with the events of four years 
 ago may easily predict the result. 
 
 "The union has sent a letter of which the following is a 
 copy to all packing house employers in Chicago,
 
 AMALS or LABOR AMD INDUSTHY IN ILLINOIS ; 1890 105 
 
 " ' Chicar;o , March 19 , 1890 
 
 "'Dear Sir: The Packing House Lahorers' Union, conposed 
 chiefly of employes in the Union Stock Yards, last even- 
 ing, the 18th inst. , at its regular meeting resolved to 
 open negotiations with their stock yard enployers look- 
 ing to a restoration of the eight-hour day, and for that 
 purpose have appointed a connittee of the nonbers to 
 connunicate with you among oth.^r employers of the yards, 
 and request a conference connittee from the enployers 
 therein to discuss the propriety of a fixed period and 
 the feasibility of a plan for the reduction of the pres- 
 ent hours of labor on the part of the packing house 
 laborers employed in the yards. 
 
 "'The v/ell established reputation for deeply rooted in- 
 terest that you, among the other packing house enployers, 
 take in the welfare of the laborer in general and our 
 personal knowledge of the lofty character, urbane treat- 
 ment and impartial conduct of enployers in the yards 7/hen 
 dealing with their labor representatives in particular, 
 unite us in the entertaiiment of the hope that . , . you 
 will accord heartily to the fullest consideration and 
 confer with us promptly in this initial step. . . . 
 
 "'I feel that I but voice the unanimous sentiment of our 
 organization when I declare that we deprecate strikes 
 and their consequences, that we will avoid then if possi- 
 ble . . . that in a word, neither side will withhold 
 their hearty cooperation in any movement for the lighten- 
 ing of the Packing house laborer. 
 
 "'Let us, then, employer and employe, by conference coo- 
 mittees meet in cheerful and fair spirit upon the neutral 
 and impartial platform of arbitration. 
 
 "'Soliciting an early response in behalf of the connittee 
 of the Packing House Laborers' Union, I am, sir, 
 
 "'Yours truly, 
 
 "'Frank 0'Neil,Pres. ' 
 
 "The Shoemakers have had no organization. , . since the 
 Selz, Schwab & Co. strike three years ago. There are 
 one or two small assemblies of the craft in the Knights
 
 106 ANNALS OF LABOR ATH) EJDU3TRY IN ILLINOIS: 189U 
 
 of Labor, but they do not amount to much. The Inter- 
 national Boot and Shoe .Iforkers' Union under the able 
 management of Hugh Skeffington is a powerful national 
 org.anization. It was formerly a Trade Assembly of the 
 Knights of Labor, but dropped out of that order after 
 the Indianapolis convention and has since increased its 
 membership three-fold. It has strong branches in every 
 large city except Chicago md is just now preparing to 
 begin work in this city. 
 
 "Other local trade organizations are gaining recruits 
 almost every week but are making no special showing." Page 9 
 — The Rights of L.-.^bor, Chicago, Mar.22.(ICJ) Col. 1 
 
 NE.V BLAST FURNACES PROJECTED 
 
 "South Chicago. — The members of the Brotherhood of Mar. 22 
 Machinists emd Molders had a gay time at Liberty hall 
 Monday night, where their annual ball was in progress. 
 . . . Twelve additional puddling furnaces are being 
 built in connection with the mill at Cummings. . . . 
 It is rumored that a corporation, whose name is not 
 given out, is negotiating for ten or fifteen acres of 
 land on the east side. The location of the property is 
 along the banks of the Calumet river, north of the 
 Baltimore & Ohio railroad tracks. If the deal is 
 consummated four blast furnaces will be built which 
 will give employment to 400 men. The Baltimore & Ohio 
 road has bought and is fitting up a large building on 
 Ninety-second street, which will be used as a station 
 .and for the general offices of the company." Pago 23 
 
 —Chicago Times , M-r. 23. (ICN) Col. 4 
 
 IMPLIES K. OF L. CARPENTERS NOT PLANNING TO STRIKE 
 
 "To the few carpenters who are members of the Knights Ms 
 of Labor in Chicago: Lay aside yc^ir prejudice for a 
 short time and answer this question to your own conscience: 
 Your connection with the Knights of Labor is evidence that 
 you believe in organization. Are you willing that your 
 brother union men shr.-.ll be sacrificed by your action in 
 refusing to stand up v/ith them in their first and equitable 
 dem-inds? Are you willing to sacrifice your manhood, the 
 comforts of yourselves and families, to gratify the selfish
 
 AMALS OF LABOR AMD ITOUSTRY IN ILLINOIS : 1890 107 
 
 anbition of a few political heelers who are using you 
 to boost themselves to political proninGnceV" Page 8 
 
 —The Rights of Lab or. Chicago, l-Iar. 22. (ICJ) Col. 1 
 
 PREDICTS SUCCESS OF EIGHT-HOUR M0VE1.IENT 
 
 "Every indication points to the inau^-ruration of an Mar. 22 
 eight-hour day in the building trades on Ivfciy 1 . . . " 
 The strength of the trades unions has caused 
 employers to consider the demands of workers before 
 strikes occur. 
 
 In Chicago the eight-hour day has been practically 
 won in the building trades. The carpenters expect 
 their demands for union recognition, forty cents 
 an hour, and an eight-hour day to be net. Should 
 these demands be refused, the 70,000 members of the 
 National Brotherhood of Carpenters and Joiners will 
 cone to the aid of the Chicago union. The i.. F. of L. 
 regards favorably a plan to mal:e the carpsnters' fight 
 the prelude to the nation-wide eight-hour contest of 
 May 1, "in which case the carpentsrs would have 
 behind then the moral and financial support of 
 700,000 trades unionists, and Chicago would become, 
 as it was in 1886, the battle ground of the eight- 
 hour movement." 
 
 Other unions are making noticeable gains in numbers. 
 The painters, a former Knights of Labor group, whose 
 ■union has disintegrated since losing the strike of 
 March, 1887, is being reorganized by the A. F. of L. 
 All branches of the building trades are fairly well 
 organized. The coopers, among the packing house 
 workers, are already well organized. The Packing 
 House Laborers' Union has a membership of 750, 
 
 but expects to increase this nvuaber to 10,000 or Page 1 
 
 15,000 in a few months. Membership in the stove Col. 3 
 
 workers' organization has been tripled. 11 o'cl. 
 
 — Chicago Daily News . Mar. 22. (ICN) Edition
 
 108 ANNALS OF LABOR AND INDUSTRY IN ILLINOIS: 1890 
 
 CARPENTERS INSIST ON RECOGNITION OF Ul^ON 
 
 "The members of the United Carpenters' Council take Mar. 22 
 issue with William Goldie, president of the Carpenters' 
 and Builders' Association, in regard to the number of 
 non-union carpenters there are in the city. 
 
 "'I admit,' said the secretary of the council to a 
 Globe reporter yesterday, 'that he is about right as 
 to the number of carpenters there are in this city. 
 There are between 7,000 and 8,000 here. ... He is 
 away off, however, as to the niimber of them that belong 
 to the iinion. ' " 
 
 The carpenters will strike on April 7 unless the 
 employers recognize the union, he warned. The number 
 of union members will be amazing. Page 2 
 
 — Chicago Sunday Globe , Mar. 23. (IC) Col. 7 
 
 PACKING HOUSES IGNORE REQUEST FOR EIGHT-HOUR DAY 
 
 A union of packing house workers has asked for the Mar. 22 
 eight-hour day, but owners of the firms have not 
 
 replied. ' Page 1 
 
 —Illinois Staats-Zeitung, Chicago (trans.) , Mar. 22. (IC) Col. 6 
 
 CHICAGO AS A PLATE GLASS CENTER 
 
 "The purchase of 30,000 acres of Indiana's best Mar. 22 
 natural gas land by Ohio capitalists and manufacturers 
 has resulted in making Chicago the distributing point 
 for the largest daily output of plate glass in the world. 
 The Grand Pacific was yesterday the meeting place of the 
 Ohio men, among whom v;ere Col. A. L. Conger, Col. Geo. T. 
 Perkins, L. H. Miller, and F. M. Atterholt. Together with 
 several Chicago capitalists they have taken a charter under 
 the laws of Illinois, the amount represented being $2,000,000. 
 
 "They will at once proceed to build the largest factory 
 of its kind in the world, tho now factory being located at 
 Elwood, v;hile the old one, located for the last two years at
 
 ANITALS OF LABQR MP ITOUSTRY IN ILLINOIS ; 1890 109 
 
 Kokomo , Ind. , will be greatly enlaxged. The coin"bined 
 output of the two will amount to 20,000 square feet of 
 glass per day, the headquarters of whose distri"bution 
 will be Chicago. 
 
 "'The importance of this fact to Chicago can be esti- 
 mated,' said one of the gentlemen, 'when you consider 
 the hitherto largest plant of this kind in the coimtry 
 has an output of only about 200,000 square feet per 
 month. Pittsburgh is at present the center of the 
 plate glass business, but from now on Chicago will 
 take the lead, and deservedly, too, as she is better 
 situated for a center of distribution.'" Page 3 
 
 -- Chicago Times . Mar. 23. (ICN) Col. 2 
 
 MINING FEDERATION 
 
 "Patrick McBride, National Organizer of the Mining Mar. 22 
 Federation, was in the city Saturday on his return 
 from a trip through the state. He has lately held 
 meetings at Pana, Streator, Braidwood, Braceville, 
 Diamond, Lincoln, Decatur and Taylorville, and or- 
 ganized the miners at each place. The meetings 
 were well attended. At Diamond, out of 331 men 
 employed, 325 came into the union. At Taylorville, 
 over 40 .came in out of a working force of about 50. 
 McBride went from here to Girard for a meeting last 
 night and will hold a meeting at Carlinville today. 
 He goes thence to Mt. Olive and S^saunton, and, after 
 a trip to Columbus , will return to pursue his work 
 in the State." Page 2 
 
 — Illinois State Journal , Springfield, Ivlar. 27. (ICU) Col. 4 
 
 STREET RAILWAY MEN STRIKE 
 
 "Decatur, 111. — All but one of the motormen employed Mar . 23 
 by the Citizens' Electric Street Railway Company 
 struck yesterday because the company refused to ia,y 
 
 them $50 a month without objectionable conditions. The Page 2 
 
 men were offered $10.50 a week. Their places have Col. 5 
 
 been filled by new hands." 11 o'cl. 
 
 — Chicago Daily News , Mar. 24. Edition
 
 no MNALS OF lABOR I^ND INDUSTRY IN ILLINOIS ; 1890 
 
 SOUTH SIDE CaRPEiITERS I SET 
 
 "The union carpenterr, of the mill district in the I;Iar. 23 
 southwestern part of tli.e city had a procession and mass 
 meeting yesterday afternoon to strengthen t?ieir cause 
 in that district ai'.d make converts to the sentiment in 
 favor of 40 cents an hour as a minimuia wage for car- 
 penters. The procession formed at 2:30 at Franchere's 
 Hall, 188 Blue Island avenue, with fully 600 men in 
 line and the Slavonicji band at its head. Jolin tiashek, 
 John Pad, and J. C. Conroyd were the marshals of the 
 day, and under their direction the parade moved south 
 on Blue Island to Center avenue, thence on Center avenue 
 to National hall, ovi the corner cf Ei-'htcenth street and 
 Center avenue, v/herc the mass meeting was licld, 
 
 "There were two chairmen of t!ie nesting — Janes O'Connell, 
 who made the announcomentG in English, aiid Jolm Pad, v;ho 
 introduced the speakers in the Bohemian language. J. C. 
 McShane made the first speech, xle began by a calculation 
 as to the cost of living ai'id maxim.ura amount a carpenter 
 can earn in Chicago at the present rate of wages. The 
 speaker thought it must be apparent by comparison tliat a 
 carpenter could not live as a good citizen should, even if 
 he were employed st'.udily during the v:orking season and 
 had no misfortune, such as sickness, to increase his 
 expenses. . . 
 
 "McShano then urged the necessity for organization among 
 the carpenters to mnke success an assured thing, and in 
 conclusion said: 'Be firm, be moderate, be zealous; do all 
 that you can to avert a. strike. But if, after all your 
 efforts to gain an rjight-hour day and 40 cents an hour pay, 
 you fail to get T/}u:,t you ask, then strika, and strike to win.' 
 
 "j. B. Poeka, editor of the Bohcm.ian Cnicagosky Listy, spoke 
 in the Bohemioji language. He said that as the rraster builders 
 were organized, it was useless for the carpenters to expect 
 to win v/hat they asked unless they, too, v^ore united. He vras 
 urgent in his appeals to the Bohemians to join with their 
 American brethren in the movement for increased wages . 
 
 "William Klivor spoke next in English. He said that the 
 master builders, through a capitalistic press, had circulated 
 tlio statement that there v/cre only 2,000 organized carpenters 
 in Chicago today. Mr. Kliver said thut the nan who made the 
 statement kn^aw better, and had delibfjratcly lied in order to
 
 ANNALS OF LABOR AND INDUSTRY IN ILLINOIS ; 1890 111 
 
 create a wrong impression anong non-union laborers, and 
 discourage the carpentars who were in the novement for 
 more wages. The speaker said that a nunher of snail 
 strikes in the trade had already heen successful, and 
 he believed that if a general strike 'becajne necessary it 
 would likewise be a success. liVillian Kenpke in G-ernan 
 and J. C. Conroyd in English nade the closing speeches. " Page 5 
 — Chica^-o Tines , 'do^r. 24. (ICN) Col. 1 
 
 FOR ABOLISHLJENT OF STANDING ARJ.IIES 
 
 "The Socialists yesterday adopted a resolution expres- Mar. 23 
 sive of their belief that the abolishment of standing 
 amies would work great harn in that it would throw a 
 great arny of nen into the industrial field, and in 
 the absence of enployment for then, a revolution would 
 follow. Where were the discerning economists of the 
 Socialistic clan that they did not here appear and 
 point out that the present standing amies of the world 
 are supported — salaries, arns , annunition, clothing, 
 and all — by the people who coinprise the industrial 
 arny, and that, were this burden renoved, the nen who 
 now wear uniforms and carry muskets and sword would find 
 a field in which to labor in the production of articles 
 of general use which they in private citizenship would 
 be conpelled to have and use? The abolishment of the 
 standing armies would v;ork no permanent injury to any 
 nation, and would only cause a temporary hurt in case 
 they were suddenly abolished as a whole." Page 1 
 
 —Chicago Mail . (Editorial), Mar. 24. (ICN) Col. 2 
 
 RAILWAY POSTAL CLERKS SEEK BILL TO INCREASE PAY 
 
 Representatives of the 500 clerks whose runs terminate Mar. 24 
 in Chicago net at the Grand Pacific hotel and formulated 
 
 a resolution urging Congress to pass a bill which would Page 1 
 
 enable them to get proper compensation for the arduous Col. 6 
 
 and dangerous work in which they are engaged. 12 o'cl. 
 
 —Chicago Mail . Mar. 25. (ICN) Edition
 
 112 hNNALG of labor MU) industry in ILLINOIS; 1890 
 
 JIBW CORPORi.TIOWS 
 
 "Springfield, 111., Mur. £4. — (Speciul. ) The Secretary M: r. 24 
 of StLtr: issued licenses today to the follov;ing: 
 
 "Consolidetcd Bcrb Wire Co., at Chicgo; tc do c; 
 general ra'^nufacturing business; capital stock, !jj>50,000, 
 
 "Diamond Plate Glass Company, ";t Chic-.go; t^ manufacture Page 7 
 plate glass; capital stock, $2,000,000." Col. 1 
 
 — Chicago Evening Journal , Mar. 2§. (IC) tst Ed. 
 
 HOD C^ffilEES' U1«0:..! FOE/ED 
 
 "A number of hod carriers and those intjivstod in the Mar. 24 
 work, met recently, to organize a Hod Carriers' Union, 
 to be a section of the Trades Assembly, and to cooperate 
 to a certain degree with the Bricklayers' , Plasterers' 
 '^nd other unions of the building trades." The nevj union 
 of thirty-four members elected I. C. Siegler president, 
 ^nd J. A. Sutherland secretary. Committees were appointed 
 to report progress to the unions. P^ge 8 
 
 — Pooria Transcript , llrv. 24. (IP) Col. 2 
 
 SUBURBAi^ C.JffENTERL TO OKGAi^IZE 
 
 ". . .On Friday evening a union of crpenters vail bo Mar . 24 
 organized vith about 200 members, including the territory 
 of Proviso, Melrose, Mayv.'ood, River Forest, Oak Purk, 
 Altenheim, and Harlem. A committee representing the 
 non-union men et Pullman asked this morning for aid in 
 organizing a union. Great diss^tisfactien exists Eimong Pago 1 
 them at thia tovm over the fact their pay has been re- Col. 4 
 duced to ^1.25 per day of ten hours. . ." 5 o'cl. 
 
 —Chicago Mail, Mar. 24. (ICN) Edition 
 
 STREET Cj^. strike AT DSCi-.TUR 
 
 "Decatur, 111., Mar. 24 — The omployos of the Citizens' 
 Electric Street Railway Company went out on a strike 
 today. The c.u£^s of the strike are long hours, poor
 
 ANtlALS OF LABOR MD INDUSTRY IN ILLINOIS ! 1890 113 
 
 pay* and the demand of ths conpany yesterday, through 
 the nanager, that all enployes should supply ther.iselves 
 with uniforms and watches and nake a cash dei^osit as a 
 sort of indennity fund in case of accidents." Page 6 
 
 — Chicar:o Tribune , Mar. 25. (IC) Col. 3 
 
 SEAMEN PROTEST SYSTEIUTIC REDUCTION OP WAGES 
 
 "There was a largely attended neeting of the Seanen' s lAax. 24 
 Union at 99 West Randolph street last evening, over 
 which President Walter M. Gross presided and at which 
 176 new nanes were added to the nenhership roll. . ." 
 
 The resolutions adopted contain a preanhle which 
 Calls attention to the $30 nonthly rate of wages, 
 the United navigation season of seven months, the 
 $60,000,000 floating property of the vessel owners, and 
 the systematic reduction of wages from year to year. 
 The resolutions deplore discrinination against seamen 
 as a class, and ask the support of press and public. Page 2 
 — Chica.-o Times. IvI^r. 25. (ICN) Col. 2 
 
 REV. LYMAN ABBOTT DEl'IOm^CES WAGE SYSTEM 
 
 "In the course of a recent speech in Chicago, Rev. Mar. 25 
 
 Lyman Abhott denounced the wage system as 'a system 
 
 that diffuses poverty, makes a coffin of the cradle 
 
 and a bier of the bed; a system full of inharent 
 
 evils; a s3''stem that denies the laborer either a 
 
 chance of profit or a chance of work. ' He declared 
 
 that 'it is time for us to learn no longer how to 
 
 make wealth, but how to distribute it. We ha.ve 
 
 developed,' he said, 'in our midst a plutocracy, 
 
 and the worst possible govern'nent on earth.'" 
 
 — Journal of the Knirhts of Lp.bor . Page 2 
 Philadelphia, Apr. 10. (ICJ) Col. 2
 
 ANNALS OF LABOR AND INDUSTRY IN ILLINOIS: 1890 
 
 OPENING OF WORLD'S FAIR POSTPONED 
 
 "Washington, Mar. 25. — Immediately after the approval Mar. 25 
 
 of the journal, Mr. Chandler, of Massachusetts, called 
 
 up for consideration the World's Fair bill. The bill 
 
 having been read in extenso, Mr. Chandler, on behalf of 
 
 the committee, offered the amendments. . . which were 
 
 adopted. 
 
 "Mr. Chandler, in opening the debate, expressed the satis- 
 faction which he felt in beizig able to state that Chicago, 
 which had been selected by the House as a site, had proved 
 itself before the committee oqual to all that has been 
 expected of it. . . . The committee was satisfied that 
 Chicago had raised a bona fide subscription of $5,000,000, 
 and was also satisfied that Chicago had done mors than had 
 been expected from any competing city in agreeing that the 
 subscription should be raised to ^10,000,000. In order to 
 meet the conservative element ^l^hich did not favor holding 
 of a fair, the bill provides that the President should not 
 issue his proclamation inviting foreign nations until he 
 was satisfied that the contribution was a bona fide one. 
 
 "Mr, Chandler then offered an amendment in his original 
 motion, to be considered as pending, providing for the 
 dedication of the buildings of the World's Fair with 
 appropriate ceremonies, October 12, 1892; and further 
 providing that the exposition shall be opened to visitors 
 not later than May 1, 1893, and close not later than 
 October 30, 1893. . . . 
 
 "The House agreed to Mr. Chandler's amendment postponing Page 1 
 
 the Fair until 1893." Col. 2 
 
 — Chicago Evening Journal , Mar. 25. (IC) 1st Ed. 
 
 THREE CARPENTERS STRIKE 
 
 "The first strike of carpenters for 40 cents an hour. Mar, 26 
 on which demand a general strike will be inaugurated 
 April 7 unless the bosses yield, was made at Rand, 
 McNally & Co.'s new building on Adams street, near La Salle, 
 yesterday morning. The strike, although it is probably the 
 forerunner of one of the l^iggest strikes in the history of 
 Chicago, was of itself probiibly the smallest in the history 
 of strikes of organized bodies, for the striking carpenters 
 were but three in number.
 
 ANNALS OF LABOR AND INDUSTRY IN ILLINOIS ; 1890 115 
 
 "The nen were enployed as setters or fitters of flooring 
 for the tiling atout to "be laid. It requires an expert 
 to do this work. The Pioneer Roof and Tile Company have 
 the contract, and they were paying only 27 cents per hour. 
 The carpenters stated their claim today, and inasmuch as 
 they were performing a greater amount of work than should 
 he expected of them and the wages were exceptionally low, 
 they demanded an increase to 40 cents per hour. The demand 
 was met with a refusal couched in strong terms. The men 
 were informed that street laborers could do the work, and 
 would he glad to get half the wages paid them. The men 
 quit work, and reported to the Carpenters' Council. The 
 matter will he investigated, and it is not unlikely that 
 a war will be declared. " Page 2 
 
 — Chicago Times . Mar. 27. (ICN) Col. 3 
 
 THE OLASS INDUSTRY 
 
 "Soda ash is becoming very scarce in this county and. Mar. 26 
 
 it is feared that many of the glass factories may soon 
 have to shut down. The strike of the Liverpool dock 
 laborers has shut off the supply of the article, and 
 as over one-half of that used here is shipped from 
 Liverpool it will be seen that the situation is in- 
 teresting. The Illinois Glass Company, we understand, 
 has very good stock on hand and does not expect to be 
 affected by the present trouble; a number of factories 
 through the country will, however, suspend for a time, 
 shutting down this week." Page . 3 
 
 —Alton Daily Sentinel-Democrat , Mar. 26. (IHI) Col. 2 
 
 NEW CORPORATIONS 
 
 "Springfield, 111., March 26. — (Special. ) — The Mar. 26 
 
 Secretary of State issued licenses to-day to the 
 
 following: 
 
 "Caloric Li^t and Fuel Company, at Chicago; to do a 
 general lighting and heating business; capital stock, 
 $250,000. 
 
 "Western Wire Company, at Chicago; to manufacture Page 7 
 
 wire nails; capital stock, $200,000." ^ Col, 1 
 
 — Chicago Evening Journal .' Mar. 27. (IC) 1st Ed.
 
 116 ANNALS OF LABOR AND INDUSTRY IN ILLINOIS: 1890 
 
 "Springfield, 111., March 27. — (Special. )— The Secretary Mar. 27 
 of State issued licenses today to the following: 
 
 "American Electric Supply Company, at Chicago; to 
 
 manufacture all kinds of electric apparatus; capital Page 7 
 
 stock, $250,000." Col. 3 
 
 — Chicago Evening Journal , Mar. 31. (10) 1st Ed. 
 
 LATHERS DSVIMD v^AGE INCREASE 
 'The lathers have sent notices to the boss lathers to Mar. 27 
 
 the effect that on and after April 1 they will demand Page 1 
 
 $3 a day, and unless the request is complied with they Col. 3 
 
 intend to strike." 6 o'cl. 
 
 —Chicago Daily Kev/s, Mar. 27. (ICN) Edition 
 
 GAS TRUST SEEIIS TO EVADE DIVIDEIvrD 
 
 "Francis M. Charlton's notion for an injunction to Mar. 27 
 
 restr-.iin the Jas Trust from paying a dividend of 
 
 5250,000 tomorrow crjne up this morning before Judge 
 Collins. . . . 
 
 "Captain Black filed an amendment to the bill of Mr. 
 Charlton in which it was alleged that by reason of the 
 trust having been decided by the Supreme Court to be 
 unauthorized to engage in the business of buying and 
 selling gas stock, the complainant had a right to have 
 a receiver appointed for its property and assets, and 
 also that for failure to do business under the first 
 clause of its charter requiring it to build and maintain 
 a gas plant, the corporation had become a partnership 
 and the stockholders were partners -^nd entitled to sue Page 1 
 for distribution. . . ." qqj__ g 
 
 — Chicago Evening Journal , ist Ed. 
 Mar. 27. (IC) 
 
 UNITED MINE WORKERS ORGANIZE SPRINGFIELD DISTRICT 
 
 "A branch of the United Mint Workers was organized at M^r. 27 
 
 Lincoln last week by P. McBridc, of Pittsburgh. The 
 
 objects of the organization are to federate the miners 
 of the Springfield district, to ask for a uniform price
 
 AMALS OF lABOR AND INDUSTRY I« ILLINOIS ; 1890 117 
 
 of 72^ cents per ton for mining coal instead of the 
 present rate of 60 cents, and to demand the enforcement 
 of the eight-hour system on and after May 1. The organ- 
 ization emhraces two-thirds of the active miners of 
 Logan County. The operators are disposed to resist 
 both demands, which position presages a strike of all 
 the miners in Illinois, 75,000 in number, as the organ- 
 ization is "being perfected throughout the State." 
 
 — Galva Weekly News . Mar. 27. Page 3 
 (Galva Township Public Library) Col. 2 
 
 JOLIET SECURES NEW INDUSTRIES 
 
 "Joliet — Joliet has captxired two large industries. Mar. 28 
 One of the new concerns is a giant venture of a 
 Joliet and a Chicago wire company. It will be 
 known as the Western Wire Company, and the new plant 
 will be erected at once. The first structure will be 
 a wire-rod mill, followed by a wire mill and a nail 
 mill, and possibly a steel converting plant .... 
 The other big Industry to be established here is the 
 Woodruff Metallic Manufacturing Company, at the head 
 of which are two Joliet men backed by Chicago capital- 
 ists. They have p\irchased thirty-three acres north of Page 1 
 the city and will at once erect thereon the necessary Col. 4 
 buildings." 11 o'cl. 
 
 — Chicago Daily News. Mar.29.(lCN) Edition 
 
 CITY COLLECTOR ADDRESSES CARPENTERS 
 
 "The Carpenters held a mass meeting at Plasterers' Mar. 28 
 Hall, 36 La Salle Street, last evening to discuss 
 the proposed movement for shorter hours and more pay. 
 About four hundred were present, James G. Linehaa 
 of the Trades and Labor assembly presided, 
 
 "Francis J. Hoffman Jr. , city collector, was the 
 
 principal speaker. He is in sympathy with labor. . . Page 1 
 
 The only way in which labor can better itself, ac- Col. 4 
 
 cording to Mr. Hoffman, is by united effort . . . ." 11 o'cl. 
 
 — Chicago Daily News . Mar. 29. Edition
 
 NEJi CORPORATIONS 
 
 L18 AtlNALS OF LABOR AITO INDUSTRY IN ILLINOIS: 1890 
 
 MASTER PLm^ERS '■/ILL FI^HT 
 
 "At a mass meeting at which more than 800 master Mar. 28 
 
 plumbers were present, held yesterday in the G.A.R. 
 
 Hall, 206 Dearborn street, it was unanimously decided 
 
 not to grant the demands of the Journeymen Plumbers' 
 
 Association for one grade of wages. O'Aring to this 
 
 action it is likely that the 500 plvimbers ivill strike 
 
 next Tuesday. 
 
 "About two weeks ago the journeymen . . . demanded . . . 
 ;^3.75 per day," which is not the highest figure paid, 
 since wages vary ^j-ith experience and ability. The 
 Master Plumbers' Association refused the demsoid of the 
 plumbers for an average increase of 60 cents a day. 
 A plumbers' committee called on the master plumbers to 
 inform them that unless this demand was met a strike 
 would be ordered for n^xt Tuesday. "The purpose of 
 yesterday's meeting was to talk over the situation. . . . 
 All present pledged themselves to stand by the 
 association. 
 
 "In speaking of the situation H. /ifatt, a prominent 
 member of the lUaster Plumbers' Association, said: 
 'So far as we are concerned the action is final. 
 All the master plumbers of the city are virith us. 
 I can't see why we should be obliged to pay $3.75 a 
 day to a man not worth over $3 simply because he is a 
 member of ,an association.' 
 
 "''Vill the plumbers carry out their threat and go 
 out Tuesday?' 
 
 "'My own opinion is that they will not, . . . You see, 
 there are over 1,400 journeymen plumbers in the city 
 and but 500 of this number belong to the association. 
 I do not think they are in a position to force their 
 demands. . . . "• Page 6 
 
 — Chicago Times . Mar. 29. (ICN) Col. 4 
 
 "Springfield, 111.— The Secretary of State today licensed Mar. 28 
 the following corporations: Pa~c 1 
 
 Col. 1 
 ".Vestern Pharmaceutical Company, at Chica;?o, to manu- 5 o'cl. 
 facture medicines, capital stock, $500,000. ..." Edition
 
 AMALS OF LABOR AND INDUSTRY IN ILLINOIS ; 1890 119 
 
 COOPERS' STRIK3 SETTLED 
 
 "The strike of the tierce coopers which was inaugurated Mar. 29 
 a month ago has been settled "by a concession of the de- 
 mands of the coopers. They will be paid 40 cents per 
 hoTir hereafter. The packing house coopers, who sued 
 G. F. Swift for money he withheld under an arbitrary 
 rule, have received a favorable decision in the courts, Page 1 
 and Mr. Swift has refunded the money, amounting to Col. 3 
 about $2,500." 5 o'cl. 
 
 — Chicago Mail . Mar. 29. (ICN) Edition 
 
 PACKING HOUSE EMPLOYES ORGANIZING 
 
 "A monster organization that will embrace the men em- Mar. 29 
 ployed in the packing houses at the stockyards will be 
 effected at Union Hall, 3609 South Halsted street, 
 Sunday afternoon .... 
 
 "The packers formerly belonged to the Knigjits of Labor 
 and struck in 1877. The strike was virtually won when 
 Mr. Powderly telegraphed that the men should return to 
 work at the old wages. This action so wrougjit the 
 packers that they left the Knights of Labor and have 
 since been without an organization. 
 
 "The xrnion which will be formed Sunday will be started 
 with fully 800 members. The membership can be increased 
 tmtil it reaches between 15,000 and 20,000 men. This 
 number will include the cattle and hog butchers and 
 laborers employed about the yards and packing houses . . " 
 
 Workers complain of having to work on Sianday, and having 
 work only about three. out of seven days. The laborers 
 get 17-| cents an hour, and not infrequently have but 
 two hours' work a day. The butchers' pay is $12 to Page 1 
 $14 a week. When organized, the union will demand eight Col. 3 
 hours for a day's work and an increase in wages. 5 o'cl. 
 — Chicago Ivfail . Mar. 29. (ICN) Edition
 
 120 AI^IALS OF T.ABQR ATTO INDUSTRY IN ILLINOIS: 
 
 CARPE-NTERS COOTII-lUE TO ORCJAIWZE 
 
 "The carpenters are V'^ry active. Hurdly a night goes by Mar. 29 
 without sovcral moctings being held. Nev/ mombors aro 
 being taken into the unions, and the claim is made that 
 
 never before in the history of their organization were Page 1 
 
 they so strong and able to maintain a strike as today. Col. 3 
 
 , ^ ,ti 3 o'cl. 
 
 — Chicago Daily Kews, Mar. 29. (ICN) Edition 
 
 LABOR DIIffiCTORY PUBLISHED 
 
 "A new and stylish 1-bor directory for 18S0" has been Mar. 50 
 published. It is "copyrighted by -//illiom Pomeroy, sec- 
 retary of the Chico.go Culinary Alliance." It contains 
 a list of 190 labor unions in Cook County, th^ir officers, 
 and the proceedings of annual conventions. Page 1 
 
 —Chicago Sunday G-lobe, Mar. 30. (IC) Col. 7 
 
 AiJOTiiER ORSAN FACTORY FOR CHICAGO 
 
 ". . . . Messrs. Lyon & Healy of this city have long been Mar. 30 
 known as retailers and jobbers of musical goods of all 
 kinds, and for some time past they have manufactured the 
 smaller musical instruments also. Last fall, however, an 
 opportunity to manufacture the larger instruments presented 
 itself, which th.-y quickly took advantage of. The Peloubet 
 Church Organ Co.'s (of Bloomfield, N. J.) patents were in 
 the market and the . negotiations ended by Lyon & Healy 
 securing exclusive control of the entire plant. 
 
 "They had previously acted as northwestern agents for the 
 organ and knew in what high esteem it v;as held. So that 
 by taking this important step they secured a triumph not 
 only for themselves but also for Chicago, :-s -mything so 
 artistic as the Peloubet church organ reflects credit on 
 the entire community wherein it is made. The addition of 
 such a large plajit compelled them to have a factory erected 
 to suit their nevir requirements. The location of this 
 factory is on Bryan pl:ice, opposite Union Park, where they 
 expect to be in working order by May 1. . . ." Page 14 
 
 —Chicago Sunday Tribune , Mar. 30. (IC) Col. 2
 
 AMALS OF LABOR MP INDUSTRY IN ILLINOIS : 1890 121 
 
 SCANDINAVIANS FAVOR EIGHT-HOUR DAY 
 
 Scandinavian workmen in Chicago have "become interested Mar. 30 
 in the eight-hour movement through the efforts of or- 
 ganized labor. Yesterday's meeting, well attended hy 
 an intelligent and progressive element, was addressed 
 "both in Swedish and Norwegian. A resolution was passed 
 demanding the eight-hour day and an invitation was ex- 
 tended to all Scandinavians to co-operate. Page- 3 
 —Chicago Times . Mar, 31. (ICN) Col., 6 
 
 PACKING HOUSE EMPLOYES MEET FOR EIGHT-HOUR DAY 
 
 "Packing house employes to the numher of 1,000 attended Ma^> 30 
 the mass meeting yesterday afternoon at Turner Hall, 
 3609 Halsted street. The meeting was in the interest 
 of the eight-hour day and also to secure recrxiits to 
 the new labor union. Theodore Gestefeld was the 
 principal speaker. He said that he understood that at 
 the stockyards there were 20,000 men, vramen and 
 children employed, and if such was the case he could 
 not see any reason why there should not he an organiza- 
 tion of 20,000 persons .... It must he an organiza- 
 tion not to make strikes and war against capital,, hut 
 an organization to develop the mind of the laboring 
 man. Competition among the laboring classes, he said, 
 was the cause of low wages. Thare would be no com- 
 petition in an organization and capital would soon find 
 that labor was worthy of the hire. ... So long as 
 competition and under-bidding existed the employer could 
 pay just what he pleased, with every prospect of re- 
 trogression." 
 
 Other speakers were George E. Detwiller and John 
 Harrigan. About half of those present signed the 
 membership roll. 
 
 "It is understood that negotiations are pending between 
 the packers and the heads of the union for a conference 
 as to the eight-hour question at an early day. Com- 
 munications have been addressed to the leading men 
 asking them to consider the roatter, and in several in- 
 stances an affirmative reply has been received." Page 3 
 — Chicago Times . Mar. 31. (ICN) Col.. 6
 
 ANNALS OF LABOR ANH INDUSTRY IN TT.T.TNOIS: 1890 
 
 UNITED CARPENTERS' COUNCIL 
 
 "The United Carpenters' council held a meeting yesterday Mar . 50 
 
 afternoon at Aurora Turner Hall, corner Milwaukee avenue 
 
 and Huron street. There were about 400 present. James 
 
 O'Connell, president of the council, presided. He stated 
 
 that the object of the meeting was to agitate a demand for 
 
 an increase of wages from 35 cents to 40 cents per hour. 
 
 Most of the contractors have agreed to the eight-hour 
 
 system. 
 
 "E. R. Eldridge, the first speaker, declared that it was 
 impossible for carpenters to properly provide for their 
 families at the present rate of wages. The average 
 carpenter, he said, earned $56.65 a month. The union 
 was right in contemplating the increase of wages and he 
 believed it would succeed. . . . 'You are organized and 
 of one mind,' said the speaker, 'and you should fight this 
 fight to the bitter end. You can win, if you but stand 
 shoulder to shoulder. Labor is in the majority in this 
 country, and can control the government. The rich think 
 they can run things about as they please, but it is only 
 because you let them. If the law is wrong, change it. 
 But I am not opposed to capital. It seeks to hire you 
 as cheaply as possible. That is right. It is for their 
 interest; but it is for your interest to get as much as 
 possible." 
 
 Mr. Eldridge also spokb in favor of the eight-hour day. 
 William Kempke and Mr. Field spoke in German, James 
 Hoehn in Scandinavian, and William Kliver in, English. Page 3 
 — Chicago Times , Mar. 31, (iCN) Col. 6 
 
 LABOR NOTES 
 
 "The Trades and Labor Assembly met in special session Mar . 50 
 Sunday morning and appropriated $50 more to the journey- 
 men tailors." Resolutions of sympathy were passed. 
 
 Six clothing firms agree to close places of business at 
 8 P.M. except on Saturday and during the month of December. 
 Two firms, Ottenhuim^jr Bros, and Livingston & Co., close 
 at an earlier hour. Page 8 
 
 —Peoria Transcript , Mar. 31, (IP) Col. 3
 
 AMALS OF LABOR AITO INDUSTRY IN ILLINOIS ; 1890 125 
 
 STEEL FACTORY TO LOCATE IN SOUTH CHICAGO 
 
 "A man-ufacturing company of Youncstown, Ohio, has Mar . 30 
 purchased for $100,000 a tract of land on the east 
 side of the Calumet river, south of Ninety-fifth 
 street. Three tlast furnaces will soon he "ouilt 
 and 400 men will be employed in the namofacture of 
 pig iron." Page 25 
 
 — Chicar::o Times . Mar. 30.(ICN) Col. 6 
 
 A1£ERICAN FEDERATION OF LABOR BEHIND THE 
 EIGHT- HOUR MOVEMENT 
 
 "A circular signed by Samuel Conpers, the president Mar. 31 
 of the American Federation of Labor, has been sent 
 to the secretaries of the German branches of this 
 organization in all the cities of this country. 
 Its purpose is to notify all concerned that the ex- 
 ecutive of the American Federation of Labor has 
 concluded to send Paul Grottkau, now of Chicago and 
 more recently of Milwaukee, on a trip throughout 
 the coxmtry which is to have for its object the agi- 
 tation of the eight-hour problem. Between now and 
 the 1st of Eay it is intended that all who are inr- 
 terested in this question shall have an opportunity 
 to hear that side of the question as it is under- 
 stood by the workingmen .... Paul Grottkau is 
 booked to appear in Chicago April 12 and 13," Page 3 
 
 — Chicago Tin es. Mar. 31. (ICN) Col, 6 
 
 PLUMBERS DEL4AND $3.75 A DAY 
 
 "A special meeting of the Plumbers' Union will be Mar. 31 
 held tonight at 36 La Salle street to consider their 
 proposed strike. They have demanded uniform rates 
 of $3.75 per day.. The master plumbers are now 
 
 paying $3.25 and $3.60 and object to paying high Page 1 
 
 wages to poor men. At the meeting tonight the date Col. 6 
 
 for a strike may be fixed." 5 o'cl. 
 
 —Chicago Mail. Mar. 31. (ICN) Edition
 
 BIBLIOGRAPHY 
 
 SOURCES 
 
 WERE CONSULTED 
 
 Alton Daily Sentinel-Democrat 
 
 Aurora Daily News 
 
 The Carpenter, Philadelphia 
 
 Chicago Glote 
 
 Chicago Evening Journal 
 
 Chicago Mail 
 Chicago Daily News 
 
 lA 
 
 Chicago Times 
 Chicago Daily Tribune 
 Cigar Ifeikers' Journal 
 
 New York 
 Daily Inter Ocean, 
 Daily News, Joliet 
 Elgin Daily News 
 
 Buffalo, 
 Chicago 
 
 University of Illinois 
 
 Lihrary , Urbana 
 Aurora Public Library 
 
 IGJ John Ci 
 
 Library, Chicago 
 
 Furniture Workers' Journal, 
 
 New York 
 G-alesburg Republican Register 
 G-alva Weekly News 
 
 Illinois Staats-Zeitung, 
 Chicago 
 
 Illinois State Journal, 
 Springfield 
 
 The Independent, Kewanee 
 
 JoTirnal of the Knights of Labor, 
 
 Philadelphia 
 Kankakee Gazette 
 The Leader, Marion 
 Momence Reporter 
 Morning Star, Rockford 
 Peoria Daily Transcript 
 Prairie Chief, Cambridge 
 Quincy Daily Whig 
 Railway Conductor, Cedar Rapids, 
 
 lovra 
 Rights of Labor, Chicago 
 The Tailor, New York 
 
 IC Chicago Public Library 
 (iCJ Chicago Public Library 
 (ICN Newberry Library, Chicago 
 
 ICN Newberry Library, Chicago 
 (ICN Nev'berry Library, Chicago 
 (ICU Harper Library, University 
 of Chicago 
 
 ICN Newberry Library, Chicago 
 
 IC Chicago Public Library 
 
 ICJ John Crerar Library, Chicago 
 IC Chicago Public Library 
 Joliet Public Library 
 Gail Borden Public Library, 
 Elgin 
 
 ICJ John Crerar Library, Chicago 
 IG Galesburg Public Library 
 Galva Township Public 
 Library 
 
 (ICN Newberry Library, Chicago 
 (IC Chicago Public Library 
 
 ICU Harper Library, University 
 
 of Chicago 
 IK Kewanee Township Public 
 
 Library 
 
 ICJ John Crerar Library, Chicago 
 Office of Kankakee Gazette 
 Carnegie Library, Marion 
 Office of Momence Reporter 
 IRo Rockford Public Library 
 IP Peoria Public Library 
 
 Office of Moline Dispatch 
 Office of Q,uincy Herald-Whig 
 
 ICJ J(,hn Crerar Library, Chicago 
 ICJ John Crerar Library, Chicago 
 ICJ John Crerar Library, Chicago 
 The documentation of every item includes the designation of 
 the library where the file was consulted. This is done by symbols 
 assigned in the Library of Congress Union Catalog, 1936 Revised 
 Edition, and the American Library Directory Supplement, 1928.
 
 T«£ UBRARY OF THE 
 «"»«V£RS;7YOFlUiNo,s
 
 AY 
 JNE 
 B9 
 
 INDUSTRY 
 
 VOLUME It 
 
 COMPILED BY 
 
 LINOIS WRITER 
 
 WORK PROJECTS ADMINISTRATION
 
 THE 
 MNALS OF LABOR AND INDUSTRY IN ILLINOIS 
 for 
 April, May, and June , 1890 
 
 THE LIBRARY OF THE 
 
 OCT 2 9 1940 
 
 UNIVERSITY OF ILLINOIS 
 
 Compiled "by the 
 
 ILLINOIS WRITERS' PROJECT 
 
 of the 
 
 WORK PROJECTS ADMINISTRATION 
 (Illinois) 
 
 Chicago, Illinois 
 1940
 
 FOEEWORD TO THE SECOIID QUARTER 
 
 Since publication in December, 1939, of the first 
 quarterly volume of THE ANMLS OF LABOR AND IITOUSTRY IN 
 ILLINOIS, editorial work has continued to he based on the 
 policy of objective and chronological treatment of the 
 material. An added feature of the second volume is the 
 introduction of composite items in which slight liberties 
 have been taken with event dates in order to group related 
 stories more effectively. Where files contain record of 
 events chronicled in several sources, a paragraph is quoted 
 from one, and to this nucleus salient sentences from others 
 are appended with the result that the meaning is enriched. 
 In this method of selection it is not necessary to choose 
 between two entire items or to burden the text with both. 
 Most of the stories are quoted verbatim, though stunmaries 
 have been inserted occasionally to avoid wordiness of the 
 original. This synoptic treatment has been used only where 
 it does not change the tenor of the original. One of the 
 features of this source work is that the diction of half a 
 century ago, varying somewhat from current usage, preserves 
 the atmosphere and spirit of the times. 
 
 CARROLL WHALEY 
 Editor
 
 MI^ALS OF LABOR AND INDUSTRY IN ILLINOIS; 1890 i?r 
 
 THE VJIRE ROD INDUSTRY 
 "'The Manufacturers of steel wire rods are evidently Apr. 1 
 
 bent on making this country permanently independent of 
 a foreign supply,' says Iron Age . '" The Illinois 
 Steel Co., whose rod mill at Joliet has achieved the 
 best record of any rod mill in the world, announces 
 they have decided to erect a second rod mill of even 
 larger capacity. The crowded condition of machine 
 shops probably deters other projects from being put 
 under contract at once. It is becoming more and more 
 the custom among iron and steel manufacturers to make 
 improvements and herald extensions when times are 
 hard, and thus prepare at low cost for the heavy de- 
 mand which is sure to follow a period of retrenchment. 
 
 "'The success of the wire rod manufacturers in wrest- 
 ing their trade from foreign control is all the more 
 creditable because it has been gained under a moderate 
 tariff ,' co.-nraents Iron Age . 
 
 "'For years, foreign competition was very severe and 
 seemed destined to be perpetuated. The rise in prices 
 abroad found the American mills ready to take advantage 
 of the opportunity.'" 
 
 — Daily News , Joliet, Apr. 1. Page 2 
 (Joliet Public Library) Col. 1 
 
 MINERS COMBINE 
 
 "Three hundred miners and mine laborers met in mass- Apr. 1 
 meeting at Danville the other day to form a local 
 union, representing Kellyville, Grape Creek, Tilton 
 and Danville, Speeches were made by Messrs. Connelly 
 and Woods in English, and Vandevour in French. It was 
 unanimously voted to form unions in the places named. 
 They also demand that the eight-hour rule go into 
 effect May 1. They will be supported by the American 
 Federation of Labor." Page 2 
 
 — The Leader, Marion, Apr. 10. (IMar) Col. 4
 
 126 AHNALS OF LABOR AND INDUSTRY IN ILLINOIS: 1890 
 
 EIGHT HUNDRED qUARRYMEN OUT 
 
 "Joliet, 111. , April 2. — The people of Joliet were Apr. 2 
 
 aroused this afternoon by the appearance in the 
 
 streets of about 500 men with their dinner-pails , 
 
 marching north toward Lockport. The news soon 
 
 flashed around the city that the stone-quarry men 
 
 in all the numerous quarries here had struck and 
 
 were marching from q-uarry to quarry to force the 
 
 men to quit work. ... 
 
 "The only quarry that was not molested was that of 
 the Pioneer Stone company of Davidson Bros. , who 
 have been paying $1.75 a day or 17 l/2 cents an 
 hour. The men base their demands on the increased 
 demand for stone and the increased price for all 
 grades of stone, which was ascertained to be fully 
 50 per cent. The quarry-owners say that the men 
 made no demand for a raise and that their action 
 will prevent any concession." Page 1 
 
 —Chicago Times . Apr. 3. (ICN) Col. 2 
 
 GAS FITTERS UPHOLD THE CARPENTERS' HANDS 
 
 "P. A. Hogan, President of the Gas-fitters' Union, ad- Apr. 2 
 dressed a meeting of carpenters last evening in the 
 Fourth Ward Hall, corner Thirty-Seventh street and 
 Wabash avenue. He told them that next Tuesday no 
 gas-fitter would work in any building unless the car- 
 penters were getting 40 cents an hour." Carpenters' 
 tools cost from $50 to $200 whereas a gas-fitter's 
 rule, practically his only tool, costs about 8 cents. 
 Brick-makers' cooperation was solicited. James Conroid 
 declared that Illinois had had an eight-hour law since 
 1867 and had been the first state to enact such legis- 
 lation. Page 7 
 — Daily Inter Ocean . Chicago, Apr. 3. (IC) Col. 1 
 
 "Twenty-six freight cars gaily decorated with flags Apr.
 
 ANNALS OF LABOR AND DJDUSTRY IN ILLDTOIS: 1890 i?? 
 
 and banners passed through the city this morning. . . . 
 They were loaded with Champion reapers and mowers." 
 
 — Pekin Daily Times , Apr. 2. Page 4 
 (Office of the Pekin Daily Times) Col. 2 
 
 BOSS PLUMBERS MAKE A STAND 
 
 "From present indications the strike of the plumbers Apr. 2 
 bids fair to be a prolonged and disastrous struggle. 
 A thousand journeymen and junior plumbers have struck 
 for higher wages, which the master plumbers regard as 
 an organized attempt at extortion. ..." In a secret 
 meeting of the master plumbers, the "uniform rate of 
 $3.75 a day for all men, irrespective of their ability, 
 was deemed an outrage to which the master plumbers 
 should not submit, and it was thought policy to fight 
 the matter out to the end rather than yield. ..." Page 1 
 — Chicago Times , Apr. 3. (ICN) Col. 1 
 
 "... The bosses say they fear no violence from the 
 plumbers themselves, but some of the masons and car- 
 penters have dropped a few boards and hods of mortar 
 on the plumbers who are loyal to their employers. 
 . . ." Page 3 
 
 —Chicago Herald , Apr. 4. (ICN) Col. 7 
 
 HARNESS MAKERS ADOPT MACHINERY 
 
 "J. F. Best. . . invented and patented the Champion Pad Apr. 
 Press by which one man could do the vrark of ten. As 
 might be supposed, every harness maker that saw the 
 machine wanted one. . . . These Pads are used in all 
 shops and factories of any consequence throughout the
 
 128 ANNALS OF LABOH AND INDUSTRY IN ILLINOIS; 1890 
 
 country. On Feb. 10, 1885, his fourth invention, 
 the Automatic Awl Driver, was patented. This is the 
 only machine that makes a perfect hand stitch, in- 
 creases the speed, improves the appearance, and dis- 
 penses with the use of the hand awl." Page 3 
 — Galva Weekly News . Apr. 3. (iGa) Col. 3 
 
 CLOSED SHOP SYSTEM FOR CIGAR MjUCERS 
 
 "Representatives of Cigar-makers' Unions, Nos. 14, Apr. 3 
 15, and 29, which together have a membership of 
 1,400, met at Klare' s Hall, No. 72 North Clark street, 
 last evening. They. . .decided to adopt the closed- 
 shop system, which means that hereafter only union 
 men shall be employed in shops where formerly union 
 men and non-union men worked side by side. ..." Page 7 
 — Daily Inter Ocean . Chicago, Apr. 4. (IC) Col. 4 
 
 CARPENTERS DECLARE WILLINGNESS TO ABRITRATE 
 
 "A very important meeting of the United Carpenters' Aur. 3 
 council was held last evening. . . the outcome of 
 which may result in the prevention of a strike or in 
 the material shortening of it should one occur. The 
 council received a petition signed by about fifty 
 representative business-men, bankers and others urg- 
 ing them to agree to submit the differences existing 
 between themselves and the Carpenters' and Builders' 
 association to abritration for settlement," 
 
 The Union immediately expressed their willingness to 
 cooperate. The Knights of Labor merged with the 
 Council at this meeting. Page 4 
 
 — Chi cam Globe . Apr. 4. (IC) Col. 3
 
 ANNALS OF LABOR AND IIIDUSTRY IH ILLINOIS; 1890 129 
 
 CHEAP FARES TO JOLIET 
 
 "Jolist, 111., April 4. — A war to the knife was in- Apr. 4 
 augurated here today in passenger rates "between the 
 three competing lines from Joliet to Chicago — the 
 Sante Fe, Alton, and Rock Island. The Santa Fe in 
 the start put on elegant cars, made quick time, and 
 with its fine new depot attracted the trade. The 
 Alton made a cut from the original fare, $2 for the 
 round trip, and the Santa Fe followed by slashing 
 down to a twenty-five-ride ticket for $10. A local 
 scalper "bought a stock of them and sold the use of 
 them to Chicago and back for $1. Travelling Passen- 
 ger Agent John Oates of the Alton . . . ordered single 
 trip tickets down to $1." Assistant Passenger Agent 
 Byrne of the Santa Fe retaliated with the order: 
 "'Meet cut. Put on "buffet-cars, upholstered smoker, 
 free-circulating li"brary, and hire a man to read all 
 night.' It is reported that the Rock Island will cut 
 ten rides for $3. Meanwhile the people are rejoicing 
 over cheap fares to Chicago and expect to get a 50-cent 
 fare during the world's fair." Page 6 
 
 — Chicago Times . Apr. 5. (ICN) Col. 3 
 
 LEADING CITIZENS INTERVENE TO AVERT STRIKE 
 
 ". . .A meeting was called for last night for the Apr. 
 express purpose of taking final action relative to _. 
 declaring the strike Monday next. An unexpected pe- 
 tition, however, for a time averted the decisive step. 
 Yesterday afternoon a delegation of citizens waited 
 upon the council and presented a petition signed "by 
 "between forty and fifty of the leading "business men, 
 capitalists, and "bankers of the city praying that the 
 threatened strike "be arrested, if possible, and the 
 trouble be amicably settled by arbitration. The pe- 
 tition was short and pointed and left no doubt as to 
 the interost the public has in the labor contests 
 that now prevail. It recited briefly the evils and 
 dangers of the strike on the welfare of the citizens. 
 Among the signers were Lyman J. Gage, Edson Keith,
 
 130 
 
 AMALS OF LABOR AUD INDUSTRY IN ILLINOIS; 1890 
 
 Marshall Field, all the judges on the Chicago Bench, 
 and many citizens who are identified with the lead- 
 ing industries of the city. The quality of the 
 names was a guaranty for the value of the petition. 
 11 
 
 — Chicago Times . Apr. 4. (ICN) 
 
 Page 1 
 Col. 3 
 
 COAL MINERS' DEf.UU\TDS 
 
 "There is trouble in the mines at Hanna City, and Apr. 
 the men employed there, ahout 14 in number, are cut 
 on a strike. They have issued a notice to other 
 miners to stay away from Hanna City until the trouble 
 is settled. Page 
 
 — Peoria Transcript , Apr. 10. (IP) Col. 
 
 Trouble followed the dismissal of two men and the 
 owners' demand that the miners sign a year's contract. 
 The following notice appeared for several days among 
 the classified advertisements: 
 
 "Notice - All miners are requested to stay away from 
 Hanna City, 111., until the present trouble is settled. 
 The men were working all right, when the company 
 wanted the men to contract for a year from the 1st of 
 May, which they could not do and live up to their 
 pledge to the United Mine Workers of America. We tried 
 to arbitrate but failed. 
 "Yours respectfully, 
 "Thomas Adams." 
 
 — Peoria Transcript . Apr. 11. (IP) 
 
 Col, 
 
 "Illinois coal miners demand on advance from 10 to 
 17-| cents per ton and the adoption of the eight hour 
 system. Operators have called a meeting at Ottawa 
 to discuss the situation. " 
 
 — Quincy Daily Whig , Apr. 11 
 (Office of Quincv Herald-Whig ) 
 
 Page 4 
 Col. 1
 
 AMALS OF LABOR AND INDUSTRY IH ILLINOIS: 1890 IZl 
 
 QUINCY TO BANISH IvIULE GARS 
 
 ". . . The appearence of Mr. Work means everything Apr. 4 
 for the future prosperity and health of the Gem City. 
 It means an extension of five miles of street rail- 
 way tracks, rapid transit and accomodations that the 
 people of this city have never before been fortunate 
 enough to enjoy. His appearance here means more than 
 this. It means that with the extension and rapid 
 transit will come a big demand for outside lots. The 
 workingraan will then purchase a lot in the suburbs, 
 where lots are cheap and build himself a neat little 
 home. At present the laborer cannot live any distance 
 from his work. To walk would make him tardy at the 
 work-shop and late for supper at home. ... 
 
 ". . . The contract for the boilers and steam engine, 
 Mr. Work said, would be given out here in Q;uincy, there- 
 by leaving considerable money at home, instead of. send- 
 ing it east, . . . Mr. Work was of the opinion that 
 since the people objected to the overhead wire and 
 trolley system so strenuously, the storage battery and 
 motor would be used instead. . . . The battery is 
 placed under the seats and the motor under the car, 
 between the wheels, the whole apparatus weighing 
 1,500 pounds. ..." Page 3 
 
 — Quincy Herald . Apr. 4. (IQJI) Col. 1 
 
 PLUMB3RS STRIKE 
 
 "The 'juniors' among the plumbers have made a demand Apr. 4 
 for an advance of 50 cents a day, and expect that the 
 employers will grant it. But they are under an agree- 
 ment not to go back to work until the journeymen do. . . . 
 
 "'The trouble is' said an old and expert plumber, 'the 
 bosses want to malce out tha.t we are all juniors and 
 pay us accordingly. Now, I have been getting $3.60 
 right along, but I know of many first-class men who 
 had to work at second-class rate. . . . G-rad-
 
 ir^P ANNALS OF LABOR ANP INDUSTRY IN ILLINOIS; 1890 
 
 ually this ■became general, yet the "bosses charge their 
 customers at the rate $5. 50 per day and. we only get 
 $3.15 out of it. '" Page 3 
 
 — Chica.gn Tribune . Apr. 4. (IC) Col. 3 
 
 Joliet qviarrymen, earning $1.50 a day, won their de- Apr, 4 
 
 mand for $1.75. Hundreds partook in demonstrations. Page 8 
 
 — Daily Inter Ocean . Chicago, Apr. 4. (IC) Col. 3 
 
 MILD WINTER AND THE CORl^ER ON ICE: 
 MECHANICAL REFRIGERATION HASTENED 
 
 ". . . There is still another way of fighting the Apr. 5 
 
 ice monopoly in Chicago, namely, the purchase of ice 
 
 machines. . . . The machines come in small sizes, 
 
 and are to "be had on a monthly installment payment 
 
 plan. Small installations are very satisfactory, and 
 
 it would not surprise us if these machines would 
 
 meet with general approval. At the high price of ice, 
 
 such a machine would pay for itself in a year." 
 
 — Illinois Staats-Zeitune . Chicago, Page 2 
 
 (trans.), Apr. 5. (ICN) Col. 4 
 
 ORGANIZATION ACTIVITIES 
 
 "The machinists, pattern makers, shoemakers, and Apr. 5 
 various other crafts have all held meetings during 
 the week (ending April 5) preparatory to organiza- 
 tion." Page 9 
 — Rights of Lahor . Chicago, Apr. 5. (ICJ) Col. 1 
 
 "Yesterday morning the journeymen lathers made a con- 
 certed and general demand upon their employers for a 
 raise of 50 per cent in their wages. The demand was 
 conceded at once without any friction whatever, and 
 the lathers continued at work, " Page 7 
 
 — Daily Inter Ocean . Chicago, Apr. 2. (IC) Col. 1
 
 ANNALS OF LABOR AND INDUSTRY IN ILLINOIS: 1890 12^ 
 
 "A meeting of the hardwood finishers was held last 
 night in Plasterers' hall. The finishers are anx- 
 ious to perfect their organization, which has been 
 somewhat scattered by the bosses. They have no in- 
 tention of striking as yet, but as they do not enjoy 
 the comforts of the eight-hour blessing they may 
 join the army in May." Page 1 
 
 — Chicago Times , Apr. 2. (ICN) Col. 7 
 
 "The painters are trying to resuscitate their organ- 
 ization, Local Assembly 1,940 of the Knights of 
 Labor, which went to pieces in the strike of 1888 
 and has had a merely nominal membership since. 
 . . . They claim a membership of 300 now. Before 
 their unsuccessful strike two years ago they had 
 1,500 members." Page 3 
 
 — Chicago Tribune , Apr. 1. (IC) Col. 2 
 
 "At a meeting of the North Side Coal-unloaders. . . 
 the men came to the conclusion that they would adopt 
 the irales which they worked under last year, viz: 
 12 cents per ton for hard coal, and 14 cents for soft; 
 also that ten hours constitute a day's work, and 
 eleven if necessary, and if any overtime after these 
 hours they should receive 50 cents per hour." Page 3 
 
 ■ — Daily Inter-Ocean , Chicago, Apr. 5. (IC) Col. 2 
 
 "Upward of fifty custoin tailors of the northwest 
 side net at Schoenhofen hall, at the corner of 
 Milwaukee and Ashland avenues, last night to forn a 
 pernanent organization of their trade and agitate a 
 rerating of the wages. Speeches were nade in Gernan 
 and English. ... As it v/as now, the present rate 
 of wages averaged less than $6 a week for either 
 man, woman, or child. Widows who had families to 
 support got $4 a week, men ironers , also with 
 fanilies to support, averaged $6, and girls whose 
 parents largely depended upon their earnings aver- 
 aged less than $3 a week. . . There were 25,000 to 
 TO, 000 journeymen tailors and it was proposed to
 
 134 ANNALS OF LABOR AND INDUSTRY IN ILLINOIS; 1890 ; 
 
 agitate the labor question among them until an or- 
 ganization was effected strongenough to aholish the 
 present sweating system and insist upon shorter 
 hours of labor. ..." A permanent organization was 
 effected. P.age 1 
 
 — Chicago Times . Apr. 3. (ICN) Col. 2 
 
 "The metal pattern-makers, or some few of the 500 
 members of that trade in Chicago, met last evening 
 at No. 54 West Randolph street for the purpose of 
 forming a journeymen's union. Heretofore the trade 
 has been unorganized, and in consequence, the men 
 claim, their wages have been incommensurate with the 
 skill required and the long hours of work per day. 
 For a day of ten hours their pay is now $2.50 to 
 $3.25, the former being by far the rate which finds 
 greater favor among the employers, and but a few 
 old hands receiving the latter per diem. In a few 
 days a general meeting of the pattern-makers will 
 be held, which, it is thought, will result in the 
 formation of a new trade union at least 400 strong. 
 This union once perfected, a demand will be formu- 
 lated for an eight-hours work day at a uniform rate 
 of 35 cents an hour. The leaders in the movement are 
 confident of speedy success. ..." Page 3 
 
 — Daily Inter-Ocean. Chicago, Apr. 5. (IC) Col. 1 
 
 MAY END THE PLUMBERS' STRIKE 
 
 "Only one pay-day has passed and the juice has been Apr. 5 
 squeezed out of the plumbers' strike already. 
 According to present indications the difficulty will 
 be settled before the middle of this week and the 
 men will be back at work. Yesterday some of the 
 strikers called on their bosses with semi-official 
 propositions for settlement. . . . Such a proposi- 
 tion must come from the men, however. One striker 
 stated an amount, considerably less than that origi- 
 nally demanded, on which he thought the men would 
 be willing to settle." Page 11 
 
 — ChicnA-o Sunday Herald . Apr. 6. (IC) Col. 2
 
 ANNALS OF LABOR AND INDUSTRY IN ILLINOIS: 1890 
 
 JZ5 
 
 MACHINERY CREATES UNEMPLOYMENT PROBLEM 
 
 Scandinavian cabinet makers and wood turners con- Apr. 6 
 vened at Columbia Hall, Desplaines and Lake streets, 
 to stimulate interest in the eight hour movement. 
 "Owing to the introduction of labor-saving machinery 
 and the division of labor in consequence, the number 
 of those not employed must naturally be increasing 
 from day to day. The first step in the direction of 
 improving the condition of the laboring classes was 
 to gain shorter hours. ..." Page 1 
 
 —Chicago Times , Apr. 7. (ICN) Col. 2 
 
 THE STRIKE IS ON: OTHER CRAFTS BMEDIATELY AFFECTED 
 
 "No union carpenter will be at work tomorrow." Con- 
 fidently ordered at midnight, the strike will con- 
 tinue until the union and the standard of eight hours 
 at 40 cents are recognized. 
 
 — Chicago Sunday Herald , Apr. 6. (IC) 
 
 Apr. 
 
 Page 11 
 Col. 2 
 
 ". . . The bricklayers and stone-masons have noti- 
 fied the strikers that they will refuse to work on 
 
 jobs with non-union carpenters. Similar action is Page 1 
 
 looked for on the part of the lathers, plasterers, Col. 5 
 
 and painters." 12 o'cl. 
 
 —Chicago Mail . Apr. 7. (ICN) Edition 
 
 ". . . Many of the bosses are surprised at the 
 unanimity of the employes. They did not think the 
 
 union included so large a proportion of the capable Page 1 
 
 carpenters of the city. They have concluded to aban- Col. 5 
 
 don all work for the present. ..." 12 o'cl. 
 
 — Chicago Mail , Apr. 8, (ICN) Edition 
 
 "... By tomorrow more than one-half of the brick- 
 layers, hod-carriers, stone-masons, plasterers, and Page 1 
 other trades will have reached the limit of possible Col. 4 
 work without carpenters. ..." 5 o'cl. 
 —Chicago Mail , Apr. 9. (ICN) Edition
 
 /UniALS OF LABOR Al^m IMI3USTRY IN ILLINOIS: 1890 
 
 PLmiBEKS' STRIKE SETTLED 
 
 "The plumbers' strike is off and the strikers will Apr, — 7 
 resume work in the morning. . . . 
 
 "At the meeting last night the first proposition 
 adopted was the rate of wages to he paid the journey- 
 men. This was fixed at $3.75 per day for eight hours. 
 The juniors, or hoys, came next, and it was agreed to. 
 give them an advance of 25 cents a day except in such 
 shops as have made a practice of making yearly raises. 
 It was then decided that future differences between 
 the master plumbers and journeymen should be settled 
 by arbitration, and the meeting was about to adjourn 
 when a motion to reconsider the pay of the journey- 
 men was carried. An adjournment was then taken to 
 this morning when the two committees met and amended 
 the rate of wages to be paid to journeymen to $3.50 
 a day of eight hours, the rate to stand two years. 
 And if any change should be desired they are to be 
 discussed .and the conclusions acted upon on February 
 1, 1892. The strike was thereupon declared off. 
 G-ood feeling prevailed, and all concerned are now 
 wearing smiles of sweet content. 
 
 "The rate of journeymen's wages is smaller than they 
 received before the strike by 10 cents per day, but 
 the journeymen have no fear of wages being really 
 reduced. ..." P-ige 1 
 
 — Chicago Evening Journal , Apr. 8. (ICN) Gol. 4 
 
 CARPENTERS' STRIKE IS MOST STUBBORN CONFLICT 
 
 "The carpenters' strike has assuned the appearance Apr. 8 
 of a protracted siege, and unless a compromise be 
 effected it will be one of the most stubborn conflicts 
 ever waged between capital and labor in this city. 
 
 "The prediction of the journeymen before the strike 
 was declared that within a week scarcely a carpenter 
 would be at work in Chicago was practically fulfilled 
 yesterday. Fully 7,000 men are out, quietly biding
 
 ANNALS OF LABOR i«® INDUSTRY IN ILLINOIS: 1890 1S7 
 
 the ultimate determination of the trouble and appar- 
 ently regarding the enforced idleness as a gala 
 day. . . . 
 
 "The stupendous amount of building that will be done 
 here before the world's fair, and the erection 
 especially of the Exposition buildings, may be named 
 among the major incentives for the men to make a 
 bold and parsistent stand. . . ," Page 2 
 
 — Chicago Times , Apr. 9.(tCN) Col. 1 
 
 IMPROVEMENTS IN RAILWAY EQUIPMENT 
 
 "Van Clute shows the model for a coupling that is Apr. 9 
 not merely ingenious, but looks as if it might be a 
 practical solution of the much-vexed, deadly coupl- 
 ing question. It can be operated without going be- 
 tween the cars. It is not complicated, and is being 
 examined with much interest by the boys." Page 6 
 
 — Galesburg Republican-Register , Apr. 9. (IG) Col. 3 
 
 "The initiative movement among the railroads of 
 Illinois in doing away with the deadly car stove as 
 a mode of heating passenger cars has been inaugu- 
 rated by the St. Louis, Alton and Springfield Rail- 
 road, running between Springfield and St. Louis. The 
 company has equipped its through trains with steam 
 heating apparatus connecting with the locomotive, and 
 the results have been so favorable that the company 
 proposes to equije all its cars in this manner." Vol. II 
 — qalva Weekly News , Apr. 10. (IGa) No. 26 
 
 STRAIN TO REPLACE BINDING T^CCNE 
 
 The invention of a grain binder which uses straw in- Apr. 10 
 stead of twine was announced. "If these gentlemen
 
 l.-^fl ANNALS OF LABOR AITO INDUSTRY IK ILLINOIS; 1890 
 
 have the machine that they think they have, it will 
 tmild a fortune large enough for half a dozen men. 
 The hinder is for general use and the straw is so 
 cheap that all they need is a good machine and good 
 management." 
 
 — Daily News . Joliet (Supplement ), Apr. 10. Page 2 
 (Joliet Puhlic Library) Col. 3 
 
 NSW INDUSTRIES FOR CHAl^AIGN AND MT. VERNON 
 
 "The Empire Cordage Company of Champaign has rented Apr. 10 
 1,000 acres of land in that vicinity for the purpose 
 of raising hemp. The company will erect. . . mills 
 at Champaign, Loda and Thomashoro. 
 
 "Mt. Vernon, Jefferson County, 'is happy over the 
 prospect of obtaining car works that will employ 
 from 600 to 700 workmen and a coal shaft to cost 
 about $90,000." 
 
 — Albion Journal . Apr. 10. Page 2 
 (Illinois Historical Survey Library) Col. 1 
 
 ELECTRIC LIGHTING 
 
 "Manager Malone, of the Pekin Hominy Mill Co., has Apr. 10 
 contracted with Peoria parties for a seventy-five- 
 light incandescent plant for the hominy mill and 
 office. ..." 
 
 — Daily Evening Post . Pekin, Apr. 10. Page 4 
 (Office of Pekin Daily Times) Col. 1 
 
 "Chicago is lighted by 32,921 public street lights, 
 of which 550 are electric. The latter are being 
 rapidly increased. " Page 2 
 
 —Chicago Mail . Apr. 15. (ICN) Col. 2
 
 ANNALS OF LABOR AND INDUSTRY IN ILLINOIS; 1890 133 
 
 "The electric light plant is now in running order, 
 and the lights seem to be giving good satisfaction 
 to those using them. Kewanee is now well fixed for 
 lights, 'lie have arc and incandescent electric lights, 
 gas and kerosene, and if none of these suits, any- 
 body who wants to can use candles or pine knots." 
 The electric company offers to furnish wiring and 
 lamps free where the installation cost is not over 
 $3.50 a lamp. Page 2 
 
 — Kewanee Courier . Apr. 30. (IK) Col. 3 
 
 THE STEREOTYPERS' BALL 
 
 "The Chicago Stereotypers' union No. 4, gave its Apr . 10 
 second annual ball at Haymarket hall last evening. . 
 Clad in his working garments and surrounded by the 
 implements of his trade, the stereotyper is not 
 beautiful. But those who saw him last night 
 
 'dressed in his best suit of clothes,' would never Page 2 
 
 have recognized him. A finer-looking lot of men Col. 2 
 
 never graced a ball-room . . . ." 12 o'cl. 
 
 — Chicago Mail . Apr. 11. (ICN) Edition 
 
 "... Three hundred couples attended, and the hall 
 was elaborately decorated. . . . The grand march was 
 led by P. B. Lucas, of the Tribune and Miss Winnie 
 Baker, assisted by C. B. Lahan, of the Herald , and 
 wife. ... A midnight banquet was served. There 
 were many toasts and lots of songs. Merriment did ^ 
 not end until 6 a.m." Page 3 
 
 —Chicago Herald , Apr. 11. (IC) Col. 2 
 
 BOSSES' DIGNITY PREVENTS SETTLEMENT 
 "While it is true that the strike of the carpenters Apr. 10
 
 140 ANNALS OF LA30R AI^TD INDUSTRY IN ILLINOIS; 
 
 is being managed in a decent, conservative-, and law- 
 abidinj" spirit, which is certain to attract to the 
 idle workingmen the attention and even the good will 
 of the comm-onity, the fact remains that the strike is 
 a disastrous one for Chicago at large, and the sooner 
 it is over the better it will be. It is to be re- 
 gretted that the 'bosses' do not appear to take as 
 liberal and progressive a view of the situation as do 
 the men. If the president and vice-president of the 
 Builders' association are correctly reported in a 
 usually accurate evening paper they refuse to 'recog- 
 nize the union.' This is not alone nonsense, but 
 dangerous nonsense. ..." ?age 4 
 
 — ChicngQ Times , (editorial), Apr. 10. (ICN) Col. 4 
 
 FIRST GRAIN FLEET SAILS 
 
 "Chicago's first grain fleet for the season of 1890 Apr. 10 
 is now stringing out. A great many steam craft and 
 two sail vessels left the harbor Thursday. . . . 
 Chicago's importance to the lake shipping trade" 
 is indicated by the following clearances.* 
 26 vessels bearing 1,375,000 bushels of wheat; 49 
 vessels bearing 2,665,000 bushels of corn; 4 vessels 
 bearing 183,000 bushels of rye and 5 vessels bearing 
 328,695 bushels of oats. I' age 3 
 
 — Chicago Times . Apr. 12. (ICN) CqI. 4 
 
 CHICAGO PRESS ON THE EIGHT-HOUR DAY 
 
 "Contrast the present position of the newspapers on Apr. 12 
 the eight-hour question with 'the position they occu- 
 pied four years ago. With one exception — The Times 
 — the city press is almost unanimous in favor of it. 
 'Time at last makes all things even,' and even 'in- 
 telligent' editors join the procession if they are 
 not hurried." Page 8 
 
 — Rights of Labor . Chicago, Apr. 12. (ICJ) Col. 1
 
 ANN.\I^ OF LABOR AND DTOUSTRY IN ILLINOIS: 1B90 141 
 
 CONTRACTORS ORGANIZE NEW EXCHMGE 
 
 "The firm refusal of the Carpenters' and Builders' Apr. 12 
 Exchange to arbitrate with the strikers and recog- 
 nize the union has been met ... by about fifty con- 
 tractors, who have organized what is called the Page 2 
 Boss Carpenters' and Builders' Exchange, with the Col. 1 
 aim of making terms with the strikers. ..." 3 o'cl. 
 — Chicago Evening Journal , Apr. 12. (IC) Edition 
 
 CIGARM;;KERS' UNION TO AIMIT STRIKERS 
 
 "The Executive Board of the Cigarmakers' Union have Apr. 12 
 decided to favor the admission to the union of the 
 eighty-one employes of the Columbia cigar factory, 
 who were among those who went on strike early in the 
 week and have since made application for admission. 
 ..." Page 2 
 
 —Chicago Sunday Tribune . Apr. 13. (ICU) Col. 2 
 
 "THE NEW CHICAOO SHIPYARD." 
 
 "Shipbuilders on Lake Michigan have been slow to Apr. 14 
 change from vrood to steel, and until the new yard of 
 the Chicago Shipbuilding company on the Calumet be- 
 gan operations a steel boat could 'not be built on 
 the lake. Its first contract is for two steel steam- 
 ers for the Minnesota Iron company. The keel for 
 the first will soon be laid. She will carry 3,200 
 tons on sixteen feet of water and be as good a boat 
 as ever slid down the ways. The carpenters' strike 
 delayed work on the buildings. Other contracts are 
 in sight, and the Chicago shipyard bids fair to be Page 1 
 a busy place for a year to come." Col. 2 
 
 — Chicago Tribune , Apr. 14. (ICU) 1st Ed.
 
 142 AKNALS OF LABOR Aim INDUSTRY IN ILLINOIS; 1890 
 
 A. F. of L. BACKS UIHON CARPENTERS 
 
 ". . . The strikers received the following tele- Apr. 14 
 gram this morning: 
 
 "'New York, April 14.— W. S, Weeks, 
 Chicago : Convey to carpenters con- 
 gratulations upon the noble stand 
 made. The American Federation of 
 Labor sends greetings and will aid 
 in the struggle. Hold the banner 
 of eight hours aloft. Page 1 
 
 ' Samuel Gompers Col. 2 
 
 'President American Federation of Labor.'" 5 o'cl. 
 — Chicago Mail . Apr. 14. (ICN) Edition 
 
 THE CLOAK MAKERS' STRIKE 
 
 "Two hundred cloak-makers employed by F. Siegel Apr. 16 
 & Bros, , 222 to 228 South Market street , struck 
 this morning against a proposed reduction in the 
 wages of twenty-six of their number. , The de- 
 crease in pay affected only the plush-cloak makers Page 1 
 and consisted of a reduction of 25 cents on each Col. 1 
 garment. " 5 o' cl. 
 
 — Chicago Mail . Apr. 15. (ICN) Edition 
 
 "TRADES - Cloak-Makers are requested to keep away 
 from Siegel Bros. , as the strike is yet prevailing. 
 "Chicago Cloak-Makers' Union." 5 o'cl. 
 
 — Chicago Mail . (Adv. ), Apr. 15. (ICN) Edition 
 
 "The Cloak-Makers' strike has been settled. The 
 200 men returned to work this morning. F. Siegel 
 
 & Bros, agreeing to pay the demand of 15 cents' Page 1 
 
 advance on the dollar. The firm also recognized Col. 7 
 
 the union." 12 o' cl. 
 
 — Chicago Mail . Apr. 16. (ICN) Edition
 
 ANNALS OF LABOR AND INDUSTRY IN ILLINOIS; 1890 145 
 
 NOTES ON THE CARPENTERS' STRIKE 
 
 "The building trade in Chicago was almost at a stand- Apr* 15 
 still this morning. The striking carpenters have 
 fulfilled their promise to tie up the town. , . . 
 Several of the strikers have received intimations 
 from their former employers that there has been a 
 misunderstanding by the bosses of the men's desires, Page 1 
 and that a little mutual explanation would effect a Col. 7 
 settlement of the difficulty. ..." 12 o'cl. 
 
 —Chicago Mail . Apr. 15. (ICN) Edition 
 
 "... Several of the boss carpenters have refused to 
 pay the strikers the arrears of wages due them un- 
 less they return to work. . . . The cases were 
 given in charge of the legal firm of Wenno & Meier, Page 1 
 who were instructed to bring suit if necessary to Col. 1 
 collect the men's pay. ..." 3 o'cl. 
 
 —Chicago Mail . Apr. 15. (ICN) Edition 
 
 ". . .At the close of work last evening the great 
 majority of the bricklayers, plasterers, lathers, 
 painters, and plumbers were laid off indefinitely. 
 . . . All lines of work had reached the stopping Page 1 
 place beyond which they could not go without the Col. 7 
 assistance of the carpenters." 12 o'cl. 
 
 —Chicago Mail . Apr. 16. (ICN) Edition 
 
 "Keep away from Wheeling, W. Va. , Chicago, 111., 
 and Indianapolis, Ind. Wheeling is locked out and 
 Chicago and Indianapolis are on strike." Page 1 
 
 —The Carpenter , Philadelphia, Apr. 15. (ICJ) Col. 3 
 
 A citizens' movement to effect arbitration was led by 
 Clarence Darrow, Judges Tuley and Altgeld, and other 
 prominent citizens. — Ed. 
 
 UNSKILLED LABOR 
 "In great part the labor which finds employment in Apr. 16
 
 144. 
 
 ANNALS OF LABOR AKD INDUSTRY IN ILLINOIS; 1890 
 
 the various raining industries ... is -unskilled and 
 rude. It is estimated upon careful authority that 
 80 per cent of all engaging in manual occupations 
 are employed in lator which requires a minimum, or 
 only moderate, degree of skill. It is this labor, 
 more than any other, that needs the protecting 
 Care of government. 
 
 — Kewanee Courier . Apr. 16. (IK) 
 
 Page 2 
 Col. 2 
 
 INTERSTATE COLli-JlRCE RAILROAD ASSOCIATION DIES 
 
 "The movement to reorganize the Interstate Commerce 
 Railroad association, after subsisting on wind for 
 two weeks, died an ignoble death yesterday. . . . 
 When the committee of reorganization convened at 
 11 a,m. it was found that the Missouri Pacific, the 
 Wabash, the Kansas City, Eort Scott & Memphis, and 
 the Wisconsin Central were not represented. . . . 
 
 Apr. 16 
 
 "After several hours' delay, in which no tidings 
 were received from the absent ones, a conference was 
 held by the members of the committee present. The 
 situation was canvassed ,and the usual proposition 
 to restore rates made, but it was soon evident that 
 no result could be reached, . . . but with the 
 Missouri Pacific and the Wabash both sulking in their 
 tents it was idle to discuss the subject. ..." 
 
 — Chicago Times . Apr. 16. (ICN) 
 
 Page 
 Col. 
 
 CASUALTY R.\TE OF RAILWAY BRAKEMEN 
 
 Records of the Brotherhood of Railroad Brakemen showed Apr. 16 
 thatone in 83 of the 10,052 members is killed yearly 
 
 and one in 60 is injured. Page 4 
 
 — Kew.anee Courier . Apr. 16. (IK) Col. 3
 
 ANNALS OF LABOR AND INIUSTRY IN ILLINOIS: 1890 145 
 
 MINERS mUL NOT STRIKE 
 
 "Braidwood, Illinois, April 17. —The miners in this Apr. 17 
 coal field, with the bitter recollection of last 
 summer's strike still fresh in their memory, will not 
 strike May 1 unless there is a general shutdown in 
 all the other fields." 
 
 — Pekin Daily Times , Apr. 17. Page 1 
 (Office of Pekin Daily Times) Col. 6 
 
 CHOIR BOYS ON STRIKE 
 
 "Over two-thirds of the choir boys of the Englewood Apr. 17 
 St. Bartholomew Church at Sixty-fifth street and 
 Stewart avenue have struck. Dissatisfaction with 
 their wages and hours has nothing to do v/ith their 
 religious outbreak, but the resignation of Chorister 
 Bradbury has . . . and unless he is restored the con- 
 gregation will have to get along with ten instead of 
 forty-five choir boys." Page 1 
 
 — Chicago Evening Journal , Apr. 17. (IC) Col. 4 
 
 THE EIGHT-HOUR MOVEMENT 
 
 "The Spring of 1890 will be noted in the history of Apr. 17 
 the world's labor progress as the period of strikes 
 for the eight hour working day. . . . 
 
 "Among those strongly in favor of the short day are 
 most congressmen, naturally. Senators Ingalls, 
 Chandler and Hoar believe in it. So do Representa- 
 tives Amos J. Cunimings, McKinley of Ohio, and 
 
 Chapman of Michigan. ..." Page 4 
 
 — The Leader, Marion, Apr. 17. (iMar) Col. 3 
 
 "The members of the most important building trade in Apr. 18 
 this and several other cities are on a strike, the 
 object of which is to secure higher wages. The mem-
 
 146 AMAL5 OF LABOR Al^ INDUSTRY IN ILLINOIS: 1890 
 
 "bers of several other trades, if not engaged in 
 strikes, are contemplating doing so. They all want 
 higher wages, and think that "by securing them they will 
 at once, and solely by means of them, become very pros- 
 perous. 
 
 "This notion is in the highest degree preposterous. It 
 is not what a mechanic or laborer earns, but what he 
 is able to save after paying the cost of living that 
 makes him prosperous." Page 4 
 
 — Chicago Herald , (editorial), Apr. 18. (IC) CqI, 1 
 
 STRIKERS ON PARADE 
 
 "The striking carpenters of the city showed fheir Apr. 18 
 strength yesterday afternoon in one of the best or- 
 ganized labor parades that has been seen in many a 
 day. It was not their full strength, either, as the 
 leaders in the present strike estimated that the 3,500 
 men in line were not much more than half the number 
 who axe subject to the orders of the Carpenters' 
 Council. The other half was kept busy on scouting and 
 recruiting work, to be sure that no new non-union men 
 came into the city and started to work without the 
 strikers' knowledge. But the parade was a success in 
 every respect, and the orderly, quiet appearance of 
 the men in line won them not a fow friends among the 
 people who witnessed their procession. Every union 
 in the city was well represented." 
 
 James McShane in addressing* the paraders and specta- 
 tors at the lake front placed the blame for the 
 strike directly on the shoulders of the employers. 
 They refused to recognize a union of their employes, 
 and yet, through a union of their own, were attempt- 
 ing to dictate to individuals. Page 2 
 — Chicago Herald . Apr. 18. (IC) Col. 1
 
 ANNALS OF LABOR AI^^D INDUSTRY IN ILLINOIS: 1890 147 
 
 CHICAGO LUMBER SHO^'ERS 
 
 "The Lumber Shovers' Union, which under the able Apr . 19 
 management of President Keefe for the past seven 
 years has never had a strike, but by moral suasion 
 prevailed on every yard in the city except two — 
 Howell's and S. K. Martin & Co. — to employ none but 
 union men, is again in the field for their summer 
 work. The men are well disciplined and the union is 
 a living moniiment to the truth that in solidarity 
 alone can the labor problem be solved. The member- 
 ship now number about 1,600 and very few work at the 
 calling who are not members of the union." Page 9 
 
 —Rights of Labor , Chicago, Apr. 19. (ICJ) Col. 2 
 
 THE WEST SIDE CABLE SYSTEM WILL COST |5, 000, 000. 
 
 "The work of the West Side cable system. . . is Apr. 19 
 
 rapidly nearing completion. . . . The cable system 
 when the work now in hand has been completed will 
 represent an outlay of over $5,000,000." 
 
 The work has been retarded by political, legal, and 
 engineering difficulties. Power stations are located 
 
 at Washington and Jefferson streets, Madison and Page 13 
 
 Rockwell streets and Milv/aukee Avenue and Cleaver Col. 4 
 
 street. 3 o'cl. 
 
 — Chicago Evening Journal , Apr. 19. (IC) Edition 
 
 A CLERGYMAN'S VIEW ON STRIKES 
 
 "'Strikes are like old Queen Anne muskets, they kick Api 
 harder than they shoot. To remedy his wrongs the 
 workingman should use, not the strike sword, but the 
 dynamite of suffrage, abolish the rum shops and follow 
 Christianity.' Such is the position taken by Rev, 
 Robert Mclntyre, of the Grace M. E. Church, whose 
 subject for last evening's sermon was 'Strikes.' Vifith 
 a touching reference to the old days when he was a
 
 148 AMALS OF LABOR AND INDUSTRY IN ILLINOIS; 1890 
 
 working bricklayer, the speaker said he felt en- 
 gaged in no more sacred calling when preaching the 
 gospel now than when he was keeping his corner 
 square. There was a wholesome lesson in strikes 
 when they were conducted honestly and with the ab- 
 sence of threats and violence." Page 1 
 — Chicago Herald . Apr. 21, (IC) Col. 2 
 
 WAGE REDUCTION 
 
 "The strike fever has now seized upon the employes Apr. 20 
 of the United States Express company and from the 
 indications yesterday there is a strong probability 
 that it will spread and produce a general suspension 
 of their carrying trade. ..." The company' s 
 anno-uncement of a cut of 10 to 20 per cent in most 
 wages caused much indignation and strike sentiment. Page 1 
 —Chicago Times . Apr. 21. (ICN) Col. 3 
 
 GASH GIRLS GO TO SCHOOL 
 
 "Waverly hall socialists adopted a resolution at Apr. 20 
 
 yesterday's meeting approving the method of retail Page 2 
 
 drygoods house that works its cash girls but eight Col. 4 
 
 hours a day and gives them two hours of schooling." 12 o'cl. 
 
 — Chicago Mail . Apr. 21. (ICN) Edition 
 
 MINE FATALITY 
 
 "Spring Valley, 111., April 20.— The city is in Apr. 20 
 mourning over a sad accident that occurred at one of 
 the shafts this morning by which three men lost their 
 lives. A fire started in an entry at the bottom 
 about 3 o'clock in the morning. Efforts were made to
 
 AN 'JOjS of LAJOR A^ID IIvIDUSTIlY IK ILLIHOIS; 1890 
 
 put it out without avail. Three men were overcome Page 1 
 
 "by the smoke and suffocated. . . . All leave large Col. 5 
 
 families in poor circumstances." 12 o'cl. 
 
 - -Chicago Mail . Apr. 21. (iCll) Edition 
 
 FURTHER EFFECTS OF THE CAEPEOTSRS' STRIKE 
 
 "Joliet, 111., April 21.— A general lay off of quar- Apr. 21 
 rymen in the Des Plaines valley quarries was started 
 today in consequence of the carpenters' strike, 
 Sarger & Moody leading ty laying off 100 men. It 
 will extend to all the quarries and materially affect Page 1 
 other husiness whieh depends upon carpenter work in Col. 5 
 the progress of general building." 12 o'cl. 
 
 — Chicago Mail . Apr. 22, (ICN) Edition 
 
 "RAILROAD-LfflN ORGAiJIZIIIG 
 
 "There is to be a meeting in Chicago next mcnth of Apr . 21 
 representatives of different "branches of the rail- 
 road service. The object is to bring about the 
 long-desired federation of these workmen. ^ 'The con- 
 ductors have organized recently,' said an old rail- 
 road-man yesterday. 'The Order of Railway Conductors 
 is not a labor organization in the ordinary sense of 
 the terra. The younger conductors, especially those 
 on the Western lines, have grown dissatisfied and 
 organized a new body, adopting the name Brotherhood 
 of Railroad Conductors. This brotherhood is a real 
 labor organization, and is heart and soul in favor of 
 joining the federation which was concluded last fall 
 between the firemen, brrJcemen, and s"ffitchmen, . . . 
 
 "'The Western and Er-stern elements an at loggerheads 
 in the engineers' organization. The Brotherhood of 
 Locomotive Engineers, on th? advice of P. M. Arthur, 
 has refused to join the federation. But the s'vitch-
 
 150 AMHAL3 OF LABOR AI^TD IMDUSTRY IN ILLINOIS; 1890 
 
 men were deceived by the engineers at the time of 
 the 'Q,' strike, and so were the firemen. The 
 engineers in the future vrill have to shift for 
 themselves. The firemen are in the federation, 
 keeping a good portion of the memhership which other- 
 wise would go to the engineers. ' " I'age 5 
 — Chicago Trihune . Apr. 22. (ICU) Col. 3 
 
 AN OFFER TO ILLINOIS MINERS 
 
 "Spring Valley, 111., April 21.— The Spring Valley Apr. 21 
 Coal company has posted notice that the scale of 
 wages at present in force would "be continued for 
 the year ending M,ay 1, 1891, with the promise 
 that should there he a general advance in the price 
 of mining coal in the northern Illinois f-ields the 
 company will make a corresponding advance to its 
 employes. " Page 5 
 
 —Champaign Daily Gazette . Apr. 21. (lU) Col. 5 
 
 TWINE TRUST CLOSES FACTORY 
 
 "Peoria, HI., April 21.— The Peoria Cordage-works, Apr. 21 
 manufacturers of hinding-twine and employing ahout 
 200 hands, has shut dovm. It is understood that 
 it has heen sold out to the T\7ine trust and will 
 not he operated again for an indefinite period. 
 One of the proprietors said today that an agreement 
 had heen entered into by all the twine factories of 
 the country not to manufacture any more until the 
 prices would Justify it. This factory started 
 ahout two years ago with the ostensible purpose of 
 fighting the trust it has now joined." Page 2 
 
 — Chicago Times . Apr. 22. (ICN) Col. 2
 
 AMALS OF LABOR AND INDUSTRY IN ILLINOIS: 1890 151 
 
 DISORDER AND "VTOLENCE BY CARPENTERS 
 
 "Early this morning a number of non-union carpen- Apr. 22 
 
 ters went to work on some half-finished cottages at 
 
 the corner of Fifty-third and Wallace streets. A 
 
 few hours later union men began to assemble in the 
 
 vicinity. They at first tried to induce the men 
 
 at work to leave off their labor, but the latter 
 
 refused." 
 
 Trouble began immediately. In the ensuing riot a Page 1 
 
 policeman was slugged, and fifty strikers were Col. 1 
 
 arrested. Vork ceased on the cottages. 5 o'cl. 
 
 — Chicago Mail , Apr. 22. (ICN) Edition 
 
 BURLINGTON'S 'FLIER' 
 
 ". . . 'Burlington No. 1,' will leave Chicago daily Apr . 22 
 at 1 p. m. and arrive at Denver at 6:30 p. m. the 
 next day. This reduces the present running time 
 between Chicago and Denver from thirty-six and a 
 half hours to twenty-nine and a half, and will no 
 doubt create as much consternation among the 
 Burlington's competitors as if it were a cut in 
 rates. It furnishes a new feature of the western 
 passenger rate war, and the other roads will now 
 have to devise some means of meeting the extra com- 
 petition. . . . 'Jihile the Burlington's fast train 
 will further complicate matters it will probably have 
 the effect of hastening a settlement of the troubles. 
 At any rate the demoralization could hardly be worse 
 than it is at present. ..." Page 8 
 
 —Chicago Times , Apr. 22.*(ICN) Col. 1 
 
 *See Item April 28. 
 
 The Burlington ZEPHYR now (1939) leaves Chicago at 
 5:30 p. m. and arrives in Denver at 8:25 a. m. the 
 next morning.
 
 152 Al^NALS OF LABOR AITO INDUSTRY IN ILLINOIS: 1890 
 
 THZ SOUTH CHICAGO INDUSTRIAL DISTRICT 
 
 "A Great deal of new dockage is "being tuilt along Apr. 22 
 the river at South Chicago. Just south of the mouth 
 of the harhor the Smelting and Refining company are 
 constructing a pier and docks." Page 3 
 
 — Chicago Times . Apr. 22. (ICN) CqI. 6 
 
 "Another great manufacturing industrji- is coming to 
 Chicago from the east to locate. At Worcester, 
 Mass. , the Washhurn & Moen Wire Manufacturing com- 
 pany have an immense plant and employ from 2,500 to 
 3,000 men. The company is going to locate, a similar 
 pla:it in Chicae'iO and have heen quietly looking ahout 
 for several weeks past for a suitable site. 
 
 "It leaked out yesterday that the site had "been 
 selected and is at South Chicago, where a large tract 
 on the river front has "been purchased or leased for 
 a long term of years. Wharves are to "be "built and 
 extensive shops erected, and, after the style of 
 Pullman, cottages will "be put up for the numerous em- 
 ployes. The company will reduce its own iron-ore and 
 the private wharves are to facilitate the unloading of 
 the ore from Escana'ba or Lake Superior." Page 1 
 
 — Chicago Times . Apr. 27. (ICN) Col. 7 
 
 "South Chicago will undou"btedly some day "become one. 
 of the city's most significant industrial su"bur"bs. 
 One great undertaking after the other locates there. 
 II 
 
 — Illinois Staats-Zeitung. Chicago Page 5 
 (trans.), Apr, 28. (IC) Col. 1 
 
 CARPENTERS SPEARHEAD OF EIGHT-HOUR MOVEI^NT: GOIvIPERS 
 
 "'. . . TO THE WAGE-WORKERS AW SY1.IPATHIZERS WITH Apr. 22 
 PROGRESS OF AI/IER I CA— GREETING: As you are well aware 
 in accordance with the resolution of the Boston con- 
 vention of the American Federation of La"bor to select
 
 ANNAI^ OF LABOR AND INDUSTRY IN ILLINOIS: 1890 153 
 
 a trade to make the demand for the enforcement of the 
 eight-hour work-day May 1, the executive council has 
 decided that the United Brotherhood of Carpenters and 
 Joiners of America shall make the demand. . . . 
 
 "'Samuel Gompers, 
 
 "'President American Federation of Labor. . . .'" Page 1 
 —Chicago Times , Apr. 23. (ICN) Col. 1 
 
 "Chicago has been selected by the American Federation 
 of Labor as the battle-ground on which will be fought 
 out the struggle for the eight hour day. . . . These 
 plans are not the growth of a day. They have been in Page 1 
 process of formation and development since 1888. Col. 1 
 . . ." 5 o'cl. 
 
 —Chicago iMail , Apr. 22. (ICN) Edition 
 
 STRIKE AMONG TEAMSTERS 
 
 "About fifteen of the twenty-five teams employed on Apr. 22 
 
 the driving park pulled off Tuesday, April 22nd, and 
 
 left work. Mr. Ehrich, one of the contractors, says 
 
 he was unable to get any explanation from the men 
 
 for their action. In response to every inquiry they 
 
 replied that 'they guessed they would take a rest.' 
 
 The men had all been paid up to Saturday night, and 
 
 strikers were promptly paid off for their Monday's 
 
 work on the streets. It is said that the men who 
 
 were getting $2.50 per day struck for $3.00, but 
 
 Mr. Ehrich says the men had not intimated that they 
 
 were dissatisfied. Ke at once sent to Momence for 
 
 ten teams and expects to have the strikers' places 
 
 promptly filled." 
 
 — Kankakee Gazette , Apr. 24. Page 1 
 (Office of Kankakee Gazette) Col. 3
 
 154 AMALS OF LABOR AITD IITDUSTRY IN ILLINOIS: 1S90 
 
 THE STRIKE OF THE BRICK-MAKERS 
 
 " A modern workers' idyl was enacted yesterday A pr. 33 
 
 in William Millar's Brick-kiln on Ashland Avenue 
 
 near Diversey. " A woman pulling along her haby in 
 
 a huggy crept "between the piles of brick and placed 
 
 them in rows. She was assisted by two children, 
 
 one no more than seven years old, and an old woman, 
 
 presiomably the grandmother. A third child, leading 
 
 a horse in the endless circles of the clay kneeder 
 
 "bore out the dictum: 'Thou shalt eat thy bread in 
 
 the sweat of thy brow. ' 
 
 "One of the strikers informed the reporter that in 
 practically all brick-kilns such women were engaged 
 in similar work at twelve cents per thousand bricks. 
 ... In several brick-kilns the strikers have been 
 allowed 7000 bricks as a day' s work. Thereupon the 
 men returned to work. . . . 
 
 "A member of the firm of William Hahne Sons declared 
 that a brick-maker could easily set 8000 bricks a 
 day, and that in the present unfavorable business 
 sitiiation they could hire men who would v/ork for 
 $5.00 a week .... The strike affects only the 
 workers in the north and northwest side yards. In the 
 south side brick-kilns work is done by machinery. 
 Owners of the yards affected by the strike assert 
 that they cannot compete with machine work if they 
 meet the workers' demands. To grant the demands of 
 the strikers would increase the cost of production, 
 they declare, by thirty per cent." 
 
 —Illinoi s Staats-Zeitung . Chicago Page 2 
 (trans.), Apr. 24. (IC) Col. 3 
 
 "Nearly 1,500 briclcmakers on the North Side are out 
 on a strike this morning. The strike only affects 
 the manufacturers of hand-made brick, as the men v7ho 
 run the machines work on a different basis. The men 
 v;ho went out were paid from $2 to $2.50 a day for 
 making 8000 bricks. They asked that a day's work 
 should be cut down to 7000 brick, and that their pay Page 2 
 should be raised 50 cents. The manufacturers refused Col. i 
 to accede to this demand. ..." 3 o'cl. 
 
 — Chicago Evening Journal . Apr. 23. (ICN) Edition
 
 AJJF.ALS OF LABOR AICD IITOUSTEY IK ILLINOIS; 1890 155 
 
 ". . . The conditions of trade are entirely in favor 
 of the strikers, . . . All of the men on strike are 
 what is known as ' hand-mo Ider s ' in distinction to the 
 men employed in yards where 'brick-maJcing machines 
 are used. The hand-made trick are indispensable in Page 1 
 certain lines of "building, and machine-made "brick Col. 1 
 can not "be substituted for then. 12 o'cl. 
 
 — Chicago Mail , Apr. 23. (ICN) Edition 
 
 "At all the various brick-yards the men neve working 
 yesterday. The employers offered to allow thein to 
 work only 7,000 a day, and thr^y went back to work in 
 the morning. ... It seens to be the general 
 opinion that all the yards will again be running in 
 full operation before t?ie week is over." Page 1 
 
 — Chic,-.<o Times . Apr. 24, (ICN) Col. 4 
 
 THE HARNESS UJ^ERS 
 
 "On April 23d the harness mnjcers made a demand for Apr . 23 
 an increase of 15 per cant in wages with a minimum 
 rate of $10 per week for stitchers and $12 per week 
 for fitters. 0\it of nine fir}ns in the business, 
 six made concessions at once without a strike. 
 . , . The three firms that are standing out against 
 the union are Hisser & Co. , who work 128 convicts at 
 Joliat, A. Ortmayer &■ Son, and Tubbs « Palmer. Of 
 these three latter firnsj Ortnaysr & Sons have half 
 a dozen 'scabs' at work, most of them from the coun- 
 try. It is said thnt thay are kept in good humor by 
 promises and a plentiful supply of beer. . . . The 
 idle men are recieiving a strike benefit of $5 for 
 single and $7 for married men per week. The strike 
 is in splendid condition and the men are bound to 
 win. Out of 250 harness makers in Chicago, 160, or 
 nearly two-thirds, are members of the union, , , ." 
 The Rit-;hts of Labor asks how a harness maimer can 
 live, support and educate a fanily on $8.73, the 
 average weekly wage, Ortmayer' s, ignoring the union,
 
 156 ANNALS OF LABOR AM) INDUSTRY IN ILLINOIS; 1890 
 
 will only treat with the men as individuals. They 
 are said to employ detectives at $5 a day to escort 
 scat workmen worth less than a dollar a day. Page 
 
 — Rights of Labor . Chicago, May 24. (ICJ) Col. 
 
 CARNEGIE'S REGARD FOR THE WORKING JAM 
 
 "Andrew Carnegie is said to be perfecting a scheme Apr. 23 
 to get a trunk line between New York and Chicago. 
 The ear-marks of the great financier are beginning 
 to appear in the Carnegie make-up. By and by he 
 will be as like Jay Gould in his public character 
 as a twin "brother. But it is a safe bet that even 
 then he will prate of his regard for the workingman 
 and affect to bs concerned regarding his welfare. Page 4 
 The wage-worker, however, sees Mr. Carnegie as he is Col. 1 
 and not as he talks." 5 o'cl, 
 
 —Chicago Mail, (editorial), Apr. 23. (ICN) Edition 
 
 MINERS DE:/A1'ID EIGHT-HOUR DAY; STRIKE ANTICIPATED 
 
 "After the carpenters come the miners for an eight- Apr. 24 
 hour workday. It is claimed that there are nearly 
 
 300,000 members of the miners' organizations." ^age 8 
 
 — The Leader . Marion, Apr. 24. (llvlar) Col. 1 
 
 "Bloomington, 111., April 24, — Great piles of soft Apr. 24 
 coal are rapidly accumulating on temporary platforms 
 at Roodhouse, Normal, Joliet, Chicago, and other 
 convenient points along the Chicago and Alton Rail- 
 road. The Alton has a dozen regular trains hauling 
 the coal to these places. The authorities of the 
 road do not give the reason for the storage of such 
 vast quantities of coal, but it is generally under- 
 stood that they are securing a supply in anticipa-
 
 ANNALS OF LABOR AND INDUSTRY IN ILLINOIS: 1890 157 
 
 tion of a general strike of miners throughout the 
 territory traversed by this line." 
 
 — Pekin Daily Times , Apr. 24. Page 1 
 (Office of Pekin Daily Times) Col. 5 
 
 DE.!\DLY ST.(\RGH DUST 
 
 "The inquest upon the victims of the explosion at Apr . 24 
 
 the works of the Chicago Sugar Refining Company on 
 
 March 27 was begun yesterday at the Maxivell Street 
 
 Police Station. It was conducted by Deputy Coroner 
 
 Monaghan, but Coroner Kertz was present during the 
 
 afternoon and assisted in the examination of Dr. 
 
 Behr, the superintendent of the refinery. Testimony 
 
 was taken a week ago as to the indentity of the dead. 
 
 Since then another has died." 
 
 The Company settled with the widows and heirs of a 
 dozen victims in sums ranging from $800 to $2200. 
 At the inquest the inflammability of starch dust 
 was found to be a contributing factor. Page 2 
 
 — Chicago Herald , Apr. 25. (IC) Col. 5 
 
 \mim "S.ffiAT-SHOP" EMPLOYES PROTEST 
 
 "The women and girls who are employed in the small Apr . 24 
 shops in which tailoring is done for the big cloth- 
 ing firms are now in the eight-hour ranks. 
 
 "Their employers, who occupy the same position here 
 as that held by the 'sweaters' in Europe, have grad- 
 ually increased the hours of labor till the limit of 
 endurance has been passed. The work -women will or- 
 ganize a vmion and seek admission to the trades' 
 assembly. This having been done they will strike Page 1 
 for more pay, shorter hours, and improved shop surv Col. 2 
 roundings." 5 o'cl. 
 
 —Chicago Mail, Apr. 24. (ICN) Edition
 
 158 JiMALS OF L,\BOR AM) INDUSTRY IN ILLINOIS: 1890 
 
 "Chicago, 111., — Carpenters are warned to stay away Apr> 24 
 until the strike is ovar. Pay no attention to the 
 advertisements of the hoss carpenters for men. Their 
 promises are unreliable." Page 4 
 
 — Journal of the Knights of Labor . Phila. Apr.24. (ICJ) Col. 4 
 
 POLICE IN SYMPATHY WITH STRIKERS? 
 
 "... Numerous cases of intimidation and violence Apr. 26 
 on the part of the strikers are reported. Thomas 
 Gilmore, who was assaulted at Forty-third street 
 and Calumet avenue, is said to he in a precarious 
 condition. Were it not for the intimidation of the 
 strikers' committees, over 2,000 non-union men would 
 be at work and President Goldie announced yesterday 
 that if a settlement of the strike were not effected 
 today the contractors would complain to the mayor of 
 the inefficiency of the police, who are said to be 
 in sympathy, if not in league with the strikers. 
 . . ." Page 1 
 
 —Chicago '^imes . Apr. 26, (ICN) Col. 4 
 
 LABOR AMD THE DAILY PRESS 
 
 "A close observer of the position of the daily press Apr. 26 
 of Chicago with one exception regarding the present 
 labor difficulties will discover a vast difference 
 between the facts cited by the reporters and the 
 opinions expressed by the editors. Their difference 
 can only be accounted for on one of two grounds, 
 either the editor is guilty of wilfully misrepresent- 
 ing the facts or else he pays no attention to the con- 
 tents of the local columns of his own paper." Page 8 
 —Ri ghts of Labor . Chicago, Apr, 26. (ICJ) Col. 1
 
 ANNALS OF LABOR AND INDUSTRY IN ILLINOIS: 1890 159 
 
 BONUS SYSTM IN JOLIET STEEL MILLS 
 
 J. C. Sterling, secretary of the Illinois Steel Co., Apr. 26 
 made this announcement Saturday night: 
 
 "The company will give to each man who stays one 
 year 1 per cent of his wages, and so on up to five 
 years, v/hen 5 per cent of his wages will be added to 
 his pay; thus at the end of five years the company 
 will be giving these employes $60,000 a year. ..." 
 Men in the company's employ July 1, 1889, are enti- 
 tled to the benjfit. The proposition "was roceived 
 with unbounded enthusiasm, and strikes, or quitting 
 work without notice, are not looked for at the mill." Page 3 
 — Journal of tho Knights of Lv:bor, Phila. May 1.(10 J) Col. 7 
 
 The Illinois Steel Company has instituted a profit- 
 sharing plan for its employes. Since this announce- 
 ment has come at a time when complete peace reigns 
 between employer and employe, only increased effi- 
 ciency is expected to result. Page 2 
 —Daily Nev/s, Joliet, Apr. 28. (Joliet Public Library) Col. 7 
 
 THE CARPENTERS' STRIKE: NO EI© IN SiaHT 
 
 "Three gentlemen of the citizens' committee appoint- Apr. 26 
 ed to secure, if possible, a peaceful settlement of 
 the Master Carpenters' Association and the journey- 
 men carpenters' troubles have joined in a denial of 
 the report that they wore to confer to-day with 
 President Goldie, of the former organization, and 
 representatives of the strikers and the Boss Carpen- 
 ters' Association. . . . 
 
 "Some of the strikers have adopted a policy toward 
 non-union men which, if continued, will soon lose 
 them all the public sympathy they now have. Several 
 violent assaults have been made and non-union men 
 have been seriously injured. ..." Page E 
 
 —Chicago Kerald , Apr. 26. (IC) Col. 1
 
 160 AMALS OF LABOR AKD INDUSTRY IN ILLINOIS: 1890 
 
 "Chicago is growing very weary of the strike, and the 
 hoss carpenters would do well to take note of the 
 rising popular impatience. It seems now that a seri- 
 ous and hopeful effort is to be made to compose the 
 differences which separate the masters and men, and 
 a little common sense and conciliation will put an 
 end to the trouble. In the name of reason let us get 
 the strike over and go on with our city's work. It 
 can be done in half an hour if the contestants will 
 attack the problem in the right way." Page 4 
 
 — Chicago Times , (editorial), Apr. 26, (ICN) Col. 1 
 
 ". . . It is on the working rules, the apprentice 
 system and the employment of non-union men that the 
 hitch will come. In these points is involved the 
 vital subject of the recognition by the bosses of the 
 union's right to regulate the relations between em- 
 ployer and employe. . . . That the bosses will Page 1 
 accept the union's terms, unless greatly modified, Col. i 
 seems unlikely." 3 o'cl, 
 — Chicago Mail . Apr. 26. (ICN) Edition 
 
 HARNESS MAKERS WIN 
 
 "... The harness makers have won in their strike Apr. 26 
 for 15 per cent advance in wages in all the shops, 
 but two in the city. These are conducted by Ortmeyer 
 & Sons, employing thirty-two men, and Risser & Co., 
 employing thirty-nine. Two hundred and fifty men in 
 all were interested in the strike." Page 1 
 
 — Chicago Times . Apr. 27. (ICN) Col. 6 
 
 EIGHT HOUR MY FOR CHILD LABOR 
 
 "Among the dry-goods houses the employes are discuss- Apr. 3^ 
 
 ing the strike. At H. J. Farber & Co.'s big stores Page 1 
 
 the boys and girls are only required to work eight Col. 3 
 
 hours a day." 5 o'cl. 
 
 — Chicago Mail . Apr. 26, (ICN) Edition
 
 ANNALS OF LABOR AND INDUSTRY IN ILLINOIS: 1890 161 
 
 TRADE UNIONS ACTIVE 
 
 "The boot and shoe makers, men and women, are hold- Apr . 26 
 ing secret meetings to complete and strengthen their 
 organization preparatory to making a demand for a 
 new scale. The lasters, cutters, shoemakers and 
 machine girls are all comprised in one organization." Page 4 
 —Rights of Labor , Chicago, Apr. £6. (ICJ) Col. 3 
 
 "The Marble Cutters' Union has issued a circular to 
 its bosses asking for an eight-hour day with nine 
 hours' pay, . . . and not having received an answer, 
 last evening it resolved to strike May 1. There are 
 100 or more members of the union. They arc work- 
 ing ten hours now, and are willing to be reduced one 
 hour's pay in order to gain the eight-hour day. ..." Page 6 
 — Sunday Inter-Ocean, Chicago, Apr. 27. (IC) Col. 6 
 
 "Branch No. 1 of the National Brotherhood of Boiler- 
 Makers met in Fitzgerald's hall, at the corner of 
 Halsted and Jackson streets, yesterday afternoon. 
 It was an 'agitation' meeting, held for the purpose 
 of inducing men of that craft to join the union. 
 About 300 were present. . . . They will parade next 
 Thursday but will take no other action." Page 2 
 
 —Chicago Times , Apr. 28. (ICN) Col. 4 
 
 EXPRESS EMPLOYES V/ILL NOT STRIKE 
 
 "'Boys, we're in the soup'. Apr . 27 
 
 "It was a young man with a florid complexion, an au- 
 burn moustache, and a /ihite necktie that presisted in 
 crawling up over his collar that gave expression to 
 the above sentiment yesterday afternoon during a meet- 
 ing of employes of the United States Express Company. 
 The young man had a powerful voice, and every young 
 man in Fidelity Hall, corner Van Buren and Franklin 
 streets, heard his words. The meeting of employes was
 
 IfiPl ANNALS OF LABOR AM INDUSTRY IN ILLINOIS; 1890 
 
 called to hear the report of the committee appointed 
 a week ago yesterday to wait on C. H. Croshy, vice 
 president and general manager of the company, and 
 protest against the general order reducing salaries 
 of employes 10 to 20 per cent after May 1." 
 
 The failure is charged to lack of organization. The 
 employes aver that watered stock, not financial 
 necessity, prompted the reduction. Page 1 
 
 —Chicago Herald . Apr. 28. (IC) Col. 1 
 
 "All fears of a strike hy the employes of the 
 United States Express company were finally Vanished 
 yesterday. The men met at Fidelity hall, 204 Van 
 Buren street, and "by unanimous vote decided to 
 accept, for the present at least, the new reduced 
 scale of wages announced hy the company to take 
 effect May 1. ... " Page 1 
 
 — Chicago Times . Apr. 28. (ICN) Col. 4 
 
 FAR REACHING EFFECTS OF THE STRIKE WAVE 
 
 "The rolling-mill department at Stewart avenue and Apr. 27 
 Fortieth street, operated "by the Chicago Forge and 
 Bolt company, will close Thursday tmless the later 
 trouble is settled. The company employs ahout 400 
 men in that department, and some time ago took them 
 from piece work and put them at day work, decreas- 
 ing their earnings several dollars a week. The men 
 did not like the new arrangement and so announced. 
 The result is that they will close for a few days." Page 2 
 — Chicago Times . Apr. 28. (ICN) Col. 4 
 
 "The striking gasfitters have practically won their 
 strike. Nearly all the smaller shops acceded to the 
 
 demand for an increase of 25 cents per day. . . . Pa>?;e 1 
 
 Very Ittle work is being done, however, most of the Col. 3 
 
 men having been laid off for two weeks past." 5 o'cl, 
 
 —Chicago Mail . Apr. 28. (ICN) Edition
 
 ANNALS OF LABOR AND MDUSTRY IN ILLINOIS: 1890 163 
 
 BROKE THE RECORD 
 
 "Denver, Colo., April 28. —The Burlington 'Flier,' Apr. 28 
 which left Chicago yesterday afternoon at 1 o'clock 
 for Denver on its initial trip, arrived here at 6:30 
 this evening on time. The train consisted of one 
 baggage car, one day coach, one reclining-chair car, 
 two sleepers, and a dining-car, and made the distance 
 between the two cities in twenty-nine and one-half 
 hours, the quickest time ever made." Page 1 
 
 — Chicago Times , Apr. 29. (ICN) Co J.. 5 
 
 IMPORTING LABOR 
 
 "Owing to the ignorance or neglect of the Federal Apr. 29 
 authorities, the law concerning the importation of 
 contract labor is not enforced at our ports. While 
 our own artisans are unable to find employment, for- 
 eign workmen are being smuggled in at the seaboard 
 at lower than market rates; thus the supply is con- 
 tinually kept in excess of the demand. It will inter- 
 est the trades on strike to know that many of the 
 organizations of capitalists have been relying upon 
 the neglect of this law to obtain men enough to take 
 up the tools the strikers have laid down. The obsti- 
 nacy of the employers in refusing arbitration is due 
 to substantive reasons." , Page 4 
 
 —Chicago Herald, (editorial), Apr. 29. (IC) Col. 3 
 
 "Joliet, 111., April 29.— W. P. Harvey & Co. of Apr. 29 
 Chicago have leased the big grain-elevator of this 
 
 city and are filling it. This is one of the results Page 1 
 
 of establishing the outer belt line, connecting with Col. 7 
 
 all the western and eastern tr\ink lines." 5 o'cl. 
 
 —Chicago Mail , Apr. 30. (ICN) Edition
 
 164 AMALS OF LABOR .^D INDUSTRY IN ILLINOIS: 1890 
 
 ILLINOIS, THE WATCH CENTER 
 
 "Illinois has four watch factories which have an Apr. 30 
 aggregated mamxfacture of 2,000 a day, more than all 
 
 that are made in England in the same tine." Page 4 
 
 — Quincv Daily Herald . Apr. 30. (IQ^) Col. 1 
 
 "Peoria, April 30. — Ahout 1,000 coal miners in the Apr. 50 
 vicinity of Peoria, went out on a strike tonight 
 for 85 cents a ton. They have been receiving 72i 
 cents. They also ask that the company's stores he 
 abolished. One hundred union carpenters and three 
 hundred street laborers will strike for nine hours 
 to-morrow. " Page 1 
 
 — Quincv Daily Herald . May 1. (IQ,N) Col. 1 
 
 A F L RUMORED TO BE SPENDING $53,000 WEEKLY 
 
 "The American Federation of Labor is said to be sub- Apr. 30 
 scribing $63,000 a week for purposes of agitation. 
 If this is true, it is small cause for wonder that 
 President Gompers should desire the eight*-hour war- 
 fare to last ten years. His salary at least would be 
 secured. " Page 4 
 
 —Chicago Weekly Journal , (editorial), Apr. 30. (ICN) Col. 1 
 
 MAYOR WAR1^TS AGAINST MAY DAY DISORDER 
 
 ". . . The uncertainty of the situation. . . has de- Apr. 30 
 
 termined the city authorities to take precautionary 
 
 measures against any possible disturbance prejudicial 
 
 to the public interest." I^Iayor Creiger issued a 
 
 proclamation enjoining the citizens to settle their 
 
 differences amicably. He quoted the municipal code 
 
 of laws against riot and unlawful assembly. "'I 
 
 appeal to all law-abiding citizens to co-operate 
 
 with the authorities in maintaining the good name of 
 
 our city, and in perserving security to persons ,and
 
 AMNALS OF LABOR AND INDUSTRY IN ILLINOIS: 1890 165 
 
 property. ' " Page 1 
 
 — Chicago Times , May 1, (IGN) Col. 1 
 
 CARPENTERS ACJREE TO ARBITRATE 
 
 "The carpenters will go back to work next week. Apr . 50 
 
 This was practically agreed upon yesterday, but the 
 
 formal announcement was not made until today, after 
 
 the meeting of the conference committees. At the 
 
 meeting this morning it was definitely decided to 
 
 submit all mooted questions to arbitration. . . , 
 
 "The demands made by the carpenters are as follows; 
 
 "1. 'iVe ask that eight hours shall constitute 
 a day' s work throughout the year, work to 
 begin at 8 o'clock a.m. and end at 5 p.m., 
 but the noon hour may be curtailed by a 
 special agreement between the foreman and 
 a majority of workmen, but not in such a 
 way as to permit more than eight hours' 
 work between the hours named. Overtime 
 shall not commence before 6 p.m. and shall 
 end not later than 7 a.m. 
 
 "2. The minimum rate of wages for journeymen 
 carpenters shall be 40 cents per hour for 
 regular day vrork. 
 
 "3. Overtime shall be rated as time and one- 
 half. Sunday work as double time. 
 
 "4. We desire the establishment of a satisfac- 
 tory apprentice system for the purpose of 
 encouraging American boys to learn a Trade 
 and become useful members of society. 
 
 "5. We desire that union men shall not be asked 
 to work with non-union men.
 
 166 
 
 ANIIALS OF lABOR AND INDUSTRY IN ILLINOIS: 1890 
 
 "6, We ask for a code of working rules 
 equally binding on "both parties. 
 
 "7. We are willing that all disputes now 
 existing or that may hereafter arise 
 between employers and employes shall be 
 submitted to a joint committee often 
 members, five to be selected by the 
 Boss Carpenters' and Builders' Associa- 
 tion and five by the Unitad Carpenters' 
 Council. When necessary the joint stand- 
 ing committee shall elect an umpire, whose 
 decision shall be final on all matters 
 submitted to him. 
 
 "On some of these points the carpenters and the em- 
 ployers are agreed and arbitration upon them will not 
 be necessary. Upon others, however, there is a con- 
 flict of opinion, but as both sides will bind them- 
 selves to acquiesce in the decision of the umpires, 
 there will be no trouble about adjusting them." 
 
 — Chicago Evening Journal . Apr. 30. (IC) 
 
 Page 1 
 Col. 4 
 
 NEW ILLINOIS COHPOEATIONS* 
 
 "Springfield, 111., April 30, --(Special) The Secre- Apr. 30 
 tary of State issued licenses today to the following; 
 
 "Cook Railway Supply Company, at Chicago; to manufac- 
 ture railway patent supplies; capital stock, $250,000. 
 
 "Holbrook National Heating and Ventilating Company, at 
 Peoria: to manufacture heating and ventilating appara- 
 tus; capital stock, $375,000." Page 7 
 — Chicago Evening Journal , May 1. (IC) Col. 1 
 
 *Typical of the incorporations reported daily in the 
 press. — Ed.
 
 ANNALS OF LABOR AND INDUSTRY IN ILLINOIS; 1890 167 
 
 IMPENDING LABOR TROUBLES 
 
 "To-morrow is the first of May, and many labor Api 
 
 troubles are apprehended, not alone in this coun- 
 try, but throughout the civilized world. 
 
 ". . . Labor is gaining vast power, and for that 
 reason it should be careful how it uses that power." 
 
 — Champaign Daily G-azette , Page 4 
 
 (editorial), Apr. 30. (lU) Col. 5
 
 MRUS OF LABOR AITO INDUSTRY IN ILLINOIS: 1890 169 
 
 MY LAY 
 
 "There are processions in the streets on the first . M.r]y 1 
 of May as there were many years ago; hut they are 
 made up of discontented instead of contented people. 
 They all have a dissatisfied look on their faces as 
 they march along. 
 
 "Are there any happy and contented persons now? If 
 there are, it might he well for them to organize and 
 make a demonstration next May Day." Page 4 
 
 — Chicago Herald . May 3. (IC) Col. 1 
 
 ". . . The trades from which trouble may he expected 
 during May are said to he the coopers, the cornice 
 makers, the gravel roofers, the lathers, and thd 
 metal workers. It is only hy inferences — and many 
 of them are far-fetched — that trouble from these 
 has been deemed probable. It is to be doubted if the 
 combined affect of all the strikes declared during 
 the month will equal in disastrous effect the car- 
 penters' strike that is now about to be settled. This 
 is the frankly admitted opinion of the labor leaders 
 themselves. ..." Page 1 
 
 — Chicago Tines , Ivfey 1. (ICN) Col. 1 
 
 MAY DAY OBSERVED DOWN STATE 
 
 "Danville, 111., May 1. — Labor day was observed here May 1 
 by a parade of nearly a thousand men. Banners sug- 
 gestive of a strong determination to strike for eight 
 hours were interspersed in the column." Page 2 
 
 — Chicago Times . May 2. (ICN) Col. 4 
 
 "Pana, 111. , May 1. — There was a quiet and orderly 
 labor demonstration here tonight. Knights of Labor, 
 500 strong, paraded, several thousand people witness- 
 ing the procession." Page 2 
 — Chicago Herald . May 2. (IC) Col. 4
 
 im. 
 
 ANNALS OF LABOR AND INDUSTRY IN ILLINOIS: 1890 
 
 TEN-HOUR DAY BURIED IN EFFiaY 
 
 "... The great labor demonstration of yesterday- 
 was not merely a May Day festivity. It was a fu- 
 neral procession. The happy tiiought of burying in 
 effigy the old enemy of the working classes origi- 
 nated with the Cornice Makers' Union and was car- 
 ried out with all the ceremonious detail of a roy- 
 al interment. No tyrannical despot who made life 
 a burden to his subjects was ever buried with more 
 regal honors than was the symbolized custom against 
 which the toiling multitude are making their protest. 
 The coffin was borne by eight pall bearers. Eight 
 honorary pall bearers followed in mock seriousness. 
 Over the coffin was cast a scanty strip of cotton 
 cloth begiring simply the name, 'Ten Hours.' The 
 date of birth was not given because it was a matter 
 of prehistoric times, and the date of death was 
 suppressed because the death of the enemy was as 
 yet only hoped for. 
 
 May 
 
 "Over miles of streets the remains were carried to 
 the music of airs other than the 'Dead March.' 
 Fifteen thousand men, wearing no other token of mourn- 
 ing than a clean shave and a fresh brushing of their 
 clothes, formed the funeral cortege, and fully 50,000 
 people assembled on the lake front to witness the 
 final obsequies. The little pleasure steamer that 
 plies back and forth to the government pier served 
 as a hearse. Loaded to the very gunwale v;ith a 
 motley crowd of special mourners, it carried the cof- 
 fin out over the lake, where without a prayer it was 
 consigned to the keeping of a watery grave. As the 
 circling ripples reached the boat side the applause 
 of the multitude on the shore came as an 'Amenl' to 
 the ceremony. ..." 
 
 — Chicago Times, May 2, (ICN) 
 
 Page 
 Col. 
 
 MAY DAY'S BIG PARADE 
 
 "Thirty-five thousand toilers marched in the great 
 labor parade yesterday. The demonstration was the 
 
 May
 
 ANNALS OF LABOR AND INDUSTRY IN ILLINOIS; 1890 171 
 
 largest and most enthusiastic ever held in Chicago. 
 It was a popular outpouring of the trades and labor 
 unions to give impetus to the eight-hour agitation 
 that has "been a disturbing element on two conti- 
 nents for several months. There were probably not 
 a dozen unions in the city that were not represented 
 in the gay coltunn of marchers. Even the Knights of 
 Labor turned out old assemblies that have survived 
 the decay of that organization, and the Central 
 Labor Union, headed by the Stars and Stripes, formed 
 one of the most picturesque divisions of the proces- 
 sion." Page 1 
 — Chicago Herald . May 2. (IC) Col. 7 
 
 AN ADMIRABLE DEMONSTRATION 
 
 "The eight-hour demonstration of Thursday in Chicago May 1 
 was admirable for its size and enthusiasm, for its 
 absolute good order, and for many other reasons, but 
 for nothing more than for its wise and temperate, 
 though fearless and forcible, addresses. There seemed 
 to be among the orators not a single visionary, not a 
 single fanatic, and not a single demagogue. All of 
 them spoke sober sense, though one or two of them 
 seemed to be a trifle wiser in their generation than 
 the rest. " Page 4 
 
 — Chicago Herald , (editorial) May 3. (IC) Col. 1 
 
 FEW STOCKYARDS WORKERS JOIN MAY DAY PARADE 
 
 ". . . The strength expected from the Stockyards May 1 
 did not materalize. Instead of 10,000 men, as 
 anticipated, less than 2,000 appeared in line. The 
 
 coopers, some of the other lines of employment and Page 1 
 the N. K. Fairbank & Co.'s. force comprised the Stock- Col. 2 
 
 yards contingent. ..." 3 o'cl. 
 
 — Chicago Mail . May 1. (ICN) Edition
 
 172 ANNAI^ OF LABOR AIJD INDUSTRY IN ILLINOIS: 1890 
 
 CARGO FREIGHT: DOCK WORKERS SEEK MORE WORK 
 
 "There was a firmer foeling in grain freights yes- May 1 
 terday and rates were higher, the basis of 1 f cents 
 corn to Buffalo being paid. There were but few grain 
 carriers in port, and most of these had coal cargoes 
 on board, which, owing to the parade yesterday, were 
 not being discharged. ..." Page 2 
 
 — Chicago Times , May 2, (ICN) Col. 5 
 
 "Ship carpenters, grain trimmers, lumber unloaders, 
 coal trimmers, wharfmen at the transportation docks, 
 and others in marine affairs in Chicago will not go 
 out with the strikers. They have no grievances 
 except that at present they have not enough to do. 
 They are all paid 'by the piece' and want to work 
 as many hours as they can when they get the work to 
 do." Page 2 
 
 —Chicago Times, May 1. (ICN) Col. 5 
 
 EMPLOYE CHARGES INTIMIDATION IN VOTING 
 
 "In an affidavit filed with the Election Commission- May 1 
 ers General Superintendent Sessons of the Pullman 
 Palace Car Company is charged with violating the 
 election law by intimidating E. S. Brovm, an employe 
 of the company. Brown claims that he was instructed 
 by Sessons to vote for a Republican candidate for 
 alderman and was afterward discharged for refusing Page 2 
 to do so. The Commissioners will investigate the Col. 3 
 matter tomorrow," 5 o'cl. 
 
 —Chicago Mail , May l.(ICN) Edition 
 
 "It would save time and trjuble if the Pullman Com- 
 pany would secure proxies from its employes just 
 
 before election time, and do its ox-m voting in its Page 4 
 
 own way, without unseemly and ujinecessary ceremon- Col. 1 
 
 ies at the polling places." 12 o'cl. 
 
 —Chicago Mail , (editorial) May 7. (ICN) Edition
 
 ANNALS OF LABOR AND INDUSTRY IN ILLINOIS; 1890 173 
 
 STEAIvI SHOVEL WORKS ACTIVE: EA^TKAKEE PROSPERS 
 
 "Eighteen months ago the Bucyrus Dredge and Steam May 
 Shovel Works located in Kankakee. It was a great 
 day for the town. . , 
 
 "It looked like a big undertaking to raise the 
 $50,000 necessary to launch the new concern. A 
 Kankakeean of two years ago would hardly know the 
 place; 200 new dwelling houses have "been "built 
 for the families of the hands in the works and 
 mechanics who have "been "brought to Kankakee "by the 
 "building contractors. In the neigh"borhood of the 
 works the once open prairie is a thickly settled . 
 district with graded streets and electric lights. 
 The lots purchased at syndicate sale have a"bout 
 all "been sold at an advance of twenty-five to fifty 
 per cent. Every piece of residence property which 
 was on the market two years ago has "been sold at 
 satisfactory prices." The Messrs. McGillis and 
 Harde"beck were leaders in the accomplishment. 
 — Kajjkakee Gazette . May 1. 
 (Office of Kankakee Gazette) Page 1 
 
 COAL MINERS STRIKE AT PEORIA AND BLOOMINGTON 
 
 "One thousand men who yesterday vrorksd in the . May 1 
 various coal mines in the vicinity of this city 
 are now out of employment. . . The walkout 
 created little or no excitement, as the men have 
 "been carefully preparing for it for several 
 months. . . It is claimed that in the immedi- 
 ate vicinity of Peoria there are employed "between 
 1,000 and 1,200 coal miners, and every one of them 
 are mem'bers of the United Mine Workers' Association 
 of America. " 
 
 Besides demanding a wage increase of 12-| cents a 
 ton, the' miners asked that truck stores "be a'bol- 
 ished. These company stores extended credit, "but 
 prices were said to "be exor"bitant. Page 8 
 
 —Peoria Transcript . May 1. (IP) Col. 2
 
 174 ANNALS OF Li\BOR AND INDUSTRY IN ILLINOIS: 1890 
 
 "The suspension of work by the coal miners . . . 
 in the vicinity of Peoria has but little effect 
 in the city so far, but the vicinity of Barton- 
 ville, Kickapoo Creek and other points showed it 
 too plainly yesterday. The mines are all shut 
 down, bosses are going around with their lower jaws 
 down and the men sit idly about as if they never 
 intended to dig coal any more for a living. ..." Page 8 
 — ^Peoria Transcript, May 2. (IP) Col, 2 
 
 "Bloomington, 111., May 2. — ^Ivliners this afternoon 
 demanded that the price for mining be raised 17g- 
 cents a ton. The price now paid is 62g- cents for 
 second and 82|- cents for third-vein work. They 
 were told that it was impossible to grant the 
 demands, and that if the men resolve to strike the 
 shaft will be closed indefinitely, as the prices 
 now paid arc higher them in any other shaft in the 
 state." Page 2 
 
 - -Chicago Herald , May 3. (IC) Col. 3 
 
 THRESHERS ORG.:^IZE TO PREVENT PRICE CUTTING 
 
 "At Decatur, May 1, over 100 threshing contractors May 1 
 from Macon, McLean, Dcwitt, Logan, Piatt, Moultrie, 
 Christian, and Sangamon counties met and organized 
 the Illinois State Threshers' Association. . . . 
 The objects aro mutual protection and to fix a 
 uniform price for threshing grain for farmers every 
 season. The purpose is njt to raise the price, 
 but rather not to cut under a certain figure. 
 
 • • •" Page 1 
 
 — Champaign Daily Gazette , May 6. (lU) Col. 2 
 
 ILLINOIS COAL MINERS TO STRIKE 
 ''There will be no more co-il dug in any of the north- May 1
 
 AimALS OF LABOR .\NB IinDUSTRY IN ILLINOIS: 1890 175 
 
 ern or middle nor in some of the southjrn coal 
 districts of Illinois for an indefinite period. 
 This is the result of the thre^^-days' conference 
 between the operators and miners. When the joint 
 committse net yesterday morning it y/as thought 
 that all it had to do to 'bring about an amicable 
 settlement was to perfect a plan agreed upon the 
 evening before to adopt the profit-sharing system. 
 During the night, howevsr, the operators discov- 
 ered that they had left out of thnir calculations 
 the day laborers, and if they, too, had to have 
 a share of the profits at the figure upon which 
 the plan was based, there vrould be no profit left 
 satisfactory to the nine owners." The operators' 
 committee conceded the desirability of increased 
 wages, but declared it would be impossible unless 
 southern operators also agreed to increase wages. 
 After deliberation, the miners decided to strike. 
 The only hope of reopening negotations for the 
 miners is to secure the cooperation of the south- 
 ern miners. Page 1 
 —Chicago Tribune . 1/iay 2. (iCU) Col. 4 
 
 JQLIET STOlffi MASONS DffiiWD SIGHT-HOUR DAY 
 
 "Joliet, 111,, M-iy 2. —(Special. )— The stone May 1 
 masons of thi<^ city have held a number of meet- 
 ings lately, agitating the eight -hour question. 
 
 . . . A resolution at their meeting last right Page 2 
 
 demanded eight hours as a day' s work and fixing Col. 2 
 
 $3 as pay for that number of hours." 3 o'cl. 
 
 — Chica-?o Evenin,^ Journal . May 3. (IC) Edition 
 
 - FRANKLIN ADVOCATED SIX-HOUR DAY, 
 S/iYS LiUCE FRONT P/J?K MY DAY SPEAKER 
 
 "Michael Healy, the veteran agitator of the eight- May 
 hour movement, was warmly welcomed. Baring his 
 v/hite head, he mounted the carriage seat and began
 
 .-jNN.-JLS OF L/-1BOR AND INDUSTRY IN ILLINOIS: 1890 
 
 by announcing that he advocated not merely eight 
 hours as a day's work, but, as Franklin advocated be- 
 fore the wholes-ale introduction of machinery, he 
 favored six hours. His argument was that if when ma- 
 chinery was comparatively scarce a philosopher like 
 Franklin thought six hours of toil vrere sufficient 
 to keop an average family in comfort, the demand for 
 an eight-hour day was certainly right now. He san- 
 guinely looked forvJard to the time when even the 
 eight-hour day would be a thing of the past. ..." Page 2 
 —Chicago Times , May 2. (ION) Col. 3 
 
 IMPROVED RAILWAY EQ,Urra,tENT: LOCOMOTIVES, 
 .^aJTOt'IifflC COUPLERS, FEtEIGHT C.4RS 
 
 "It is reported that orders have been given by the May 1 
 Pennsylvania Railv«ray Company for several locomo- 
 tives of two drivers. They are about to adopt 
 this build of locomotives for some of their fast 
 trains." Page 
 
 — Locomotive Engineer's Journal , 385 
 
 Cleveland, May. (ICJ) Col. 1 
 
 "Brakemen have organized to secure through the 
 Interstate Commerce Commission the adoption of some 
 uniform method of coupling cars. ..." Page 4 
 
 — Pekin Daily Times , May 13. Col. 2 
 (Office of Pekin Daily Times 
 
 "The Nickel Plate is equipping its stock cars, as 
 fast as it can get them in, with the 'Gould' hook 
 coupler and its box cars with the Janney coupler. 
 . . . The N. P. managers have an air-brake ex- 
 pert traveling over the road, giving the boys 
 lessons on the use of the air brake, and this is Page 
 found to be a big help." 415 
 
 — Railroad Trainmen's Journal , Col. 2 
 Galesburg, July. (ICJ)
 
 AMALS OF LABOR AM) INDUSTRY IN ILLINOIS; 1890 177 
 
 ". . .A new device in the way of an automatic car 
 coupler which: is designed to do away with the man- 
 killing contrivances in use today is waiting a hear- 
 ing at the hands of the railroad companies. . . . 
 The pin is inserted in the old 'link and pin' style, 
 is fitted with a cam, and the destructive pin en- 
 tirely dispensed with. This cam acts as a pin and 
 automatically couples the cars at every contact, 
 gentle or violent, and they are uncoupled "by a lever, 
 operated from the side or top of the car. A train- 
 man need never go "between the cars to couple or un- 
 couple. " "Varying heights of cars present no diffi- 
 culty to this new coupler. 
 
 "Every railroad man present was delighted "by the 
 apparent infallibility of the device. ... It is 
 conceded that the loss of life of trainmen in the 
 act of coupling and uncoupling cars in motion 
 exceeds the loss of life from all other causes com- 
 bined. ..." Page 5 
 —Chicago Times . May 10, (ICN) Col. 4 
 
 "United States Senator Cullom . . , has prepared a 
 
 bill requiring railway companies to use automatic 
 
 couplers upon all freight cars. ..." Page 7 
 
 - ' — Chicago Evening Post . May 7. (IC) Col. 4 
 
 "Large furniture cars 43 feet long, 8^ feet wide, 
 and 9 feet high will be put into service by the 
 Alton Road, to be used for furniture, agricultural ' 
 implements, wooden ware, and similar articles." Page 7 
 — Chicago Evening Post . May 27, (IC) Col. 2 
 
 CARPENTERS' STRIKE NOT OFF 
 
 "Contrary to expectations, the carpenters' strike May 
 was not declared off yesterd.ay. " A meeting of car- 
 penters and new bosses at the Grand Pacific accom- 
 plished nothing. "The door was closely guarded by 
 a big carpenter, who shut it so promptly when
 
 178 AIINALS OF LABOR AND INDUSTRY IN ILLINOIS: 1890 
 
 reporters called to learn what progress the arbi- 
 trators were making that several men came near getting 
 their noses pinched." Page 2 
 
 —Chicago Herald . May 3. (IC) Col. 1 
 
 "The scah carpenters who have collected from all 
 sections of the country, in Chicago. . . do not 
 find the populace of the 'Windy City' ready to 
 receive them with open arms, so they appeal to 
 the Secretary of State for protection and aid." 
 
 The appeal was regarded in some quarters as a 
 
 shrewd move to force Secretary Blaine's hand. Page 2 
 
 — The Critic . Baltimore, May 3. (ICJ) Col. 1 
 
 BLACK ROAD IRON WORKERS STRIKE 
 
 'Between 2,000 and 3,000 iron moulders went on a May 2 
 strike this morning in the different factories 
 
 ilong Blue Island avenue. Page 2 
 
 — Chicago Evening Post . May 2. (IC) Col. 1 
 
 ". . . The first indication of trouhle noticed on 
 the Black Road was at the Wells, French & Go's car 
 works, situated near the West Side Water works. 
 The 1,200 men in their working clothes went into 
 the shops at 7 o'clock this morning prepared to go 
 to v/ork. 
 
 "At 7:30 o'clock the 1,200 men quietly filed out of 
 the big brick buildings and took up positions in 
 groups outside of the company's fences. 
 
 "The men formally demanded that they should be paid 
 
 ten hours' pay for eight hours' work .and as the Page 1 
 
 demands had been refused they decided to quit. Col. 5 
 
 . . ." 3 o'cl. 
 
 — Chicago Ma.il . May 2. (ICN) Edition
 
 AMALS OF LABOR AI^ IIJIIUSTRY IN ILLINOIS; 1R90 179 
 
 "... Following is a list of factories in which the 
 men went out, together "Ith the num"ber of the strik- 
 ers: 
 
 "Chicago malleaTsle-iron works 1,700 
 
 "McCormick' s reaper factory 500 
 
 "A.jax Forge company 200 
 
 "The Griffiths Gar-Wheel company . . 250 
 "Wells & French Car and Bridge com- 
 pany 1 , 300 
 
 "Several small concerns 600 Page 1 
 
 — Chicago Times . May 3. (ICN) Col. 1 
 
 "Though a number of moulders are dissatisfied with 
 their pay and their long hours, there is no likeli- 
 hood of a strike. The talk is loudest in the Mal- 
 leable Iron Works, where the men want eight hours 
 to constitute a day' s work. They say after work- 
 ing ten hours in the intense heat they are utterly 
 worn out, and have no ambition for anything but 
 
 to t\imbl3 into a bed as soon as they have their Page 2 
 
 suppers and remain there until called to go to Col. 4 
 
 work the next morning." 5 o'cl. 
 
 — Chicago Evening Journal . May 1. (IC) Edition 
 
 TROUBLE BRE'.VING IN LUl\ffiER YARDS 
 
 "... The lumber shov-^r- emrployed at the differ- M.gy 2 
 ent yards in the southest'.3rn part of the city to 
 the number of several thousand are dissatisfied, 
 and a strike among this class of workmen is looked 
 for at any moment. 
 
 "The lumber shovers are nearly all foreigners and 
 are the poorest paid men at the yards. They have 
 been only receiving 80 or 90 cants a day for ten 
 hours' work, and they intend to demand shorter 
 hours amd more pay. 
 
 "If these men go out it will shut down work in most Page 1 
 
 of the yards, tieing up all the southwest --^rn lumber Col. 1 
 
 trade." 5 o'cl. 
 
 — Chicago Mail . May 2. (ICN) Edition
 
 180 
 
 ANNALS OF LABOR AND INDUSTRY IN ILLINOIS; 1B90 
 
 SASH AND DOOR STRIKE A "SHORT-LIVED AFFMR" 
 
 "The strike of the sash, door and blind makers 
 which was inaugurated yesterday was a short-lived 
 affair, and today most of the men are back at work 
 again. . . . 
 
 "Three-quarters of this guild have been granted an 
 eight-hour day for the present, and working as 
 usual. ..." 
 
 — Chicago Evening Journal , May 3. (IC) 
 
 May 
 
 Page 2 
 Col. 1 
 3 o'cl. 
 Edition 
 
 "Employes of the sash, door, and blind manufactur- 
 ers fell into line yesterday and added about 4000 
 to the army of unemployed laborers. ..." 
 
 — Chicago Tribune , May 3. (IC) 
 
 Page 1 
 Col. 7 
 
 "There were strikes at several of the planing mills 
 in the Twenty-second street region yesterday morning, 
 but in most instances a peace was patched up during 
 the day and the men returned to work, the eight-hour 
 day with eight hours' pay being temporarily conceded 
 to them. ..." Mill owners whose employes were 
 striking tried to induce fellow employers, where work- 
 ers remained on the ten-hour day, to join them in a 
 pool for self-defense, but "they were satisfied to 
 let well enough alone. ..." 
 
 —Chicago Times , May 3. (ICN) 
 
 Page 
 Col. 
 
 POSTMASTER MAKES PLEA FOR CLERKS' '//ELFARE 
 
 "IVashington, May 2. — (Special.) — Assistant Post- 
 master Hubbard, of Chicago, was before the House Com- 
 mittee on Post Offices today to present Chicago's 
 claims for an increase in force and salaries." 
 Hubbard urged the classification of clerks and the 
 possibility of promotions. 
 
 — Chicago Evening Journal , May 2. (IC] 
 
 May 
 
 Page 1 
 Col. 4 
 3 o'cl. 
 Edition
 
 AITOALS OF LABOH AM) IITDUSTRY IN ILLINOIS; 1890 181 
 
 DISCORD IN ORGAN Il^IDUSTEY 
 
 "This aftsrnoon at out one thousand men employed in May 2 
 the Kimtall organ factory, who had heen out on strike 
 for hettGr pay and short sr hours, returned to work 
 on the old terms, the company having r^^fus^d to grant' 
 them any concessions." Page 2 
 
 — Chicago Evening Post . May 3. (IC) Col. 3 
 
 Page 1 
 
 Two hundred men -nbtq out yesterda?/ at the Chicago Col. 1 
 
 Cottage Organ Company on Paulina street. 5 o'cl. 
 
 — Chicago Mail . May 2. (ICN) Edition 
 
 IRON WORKERS STRIKE FOR EIGHT HOURS 
 
 "Thirty-five or forty men employed on the iron -.vork May 5 
 
 at Leiter' s "building, corner of State and Van Buren 
 
 streets, made a demand yesterday for an eight -hour 
 
 day with uniform pay of 25 cents an hour. The men 
 
 have heen getting from $1.75 to $2.00 for ten hours' 
 
 work. 
 
 "Superintendent Peart refused t'he demand, and after 
 deliheration it was decided to make a final demand 
 for eight hours' work and pay at the rate of nine 
 hours, the men to "be classified as hefore. This, 
 too, was refused, and they quit v/ork at noon, held a 
 meeting, and organized. They decided not to go to Page 1 
 work again \intil their demands are conceded. . . . Col. 5 
 The men are employed "by Verling & McDowels. " 11 o'cl. 
 
 — Chicago Daily News . May 3. (ICN) Edition 
 
 COOPERS DELIBERATE—THEN STRIKE 
 
 T'-,'o days ago, the alliod ujiions of Stockyards work- 
 ers decided not to strike. "Yesterday, hov/ever, 
 the coopers did not return to their work, "but held 
 a meeting attended "by at least 400 members of the
 
 182 ANNALS OF LABOR AND INDUSTRY IN ILLINOIS; 1890 
 
 Coopers' Union. . . . They finally concluded. . . 
 
 that the cut in their wages should not exceed the 
 
 percent for the shorter, ei^jht hour day. ..." Page 2 
 
 --Illinois Staats-Zeitung, Chicago (trans.) May 3.(10) Col. 4 
 
 MINE CRISIS PRECIPITATES COAL FAMINE 
 
 "Joliet, 111., May 2.— There is less than four days' May 2 
 supply of soft coal in the city and a co.al famine is 
 threatened. Mine owners send word that they can fill 
 no orders, as the mines are closed for ten days at 
 least and probably for the rest of the year. The op- 
 erators admit that the miners should have more wages, 
 but claim they cannot pay more and compete with the 
 LaSalle and Streator district, and more especially 
 with the southorn Illinois coal fields." Pago. 10 
 
 — Chicago Sunday Herald , May 4. (IC) Col. 5 
 
 "Peoria, 111., May 7. — It is nov/ over a week since 
 any coal has been taksn from the various mines near 
 Peoria, and today local dealers demanded 20 cents 
 a bushel for coal, an increase of 14 cents in one 
 week. ..." Page 5 
 
 -• ^Chicago Herald , May 8. (IC) Col. 5 
 
 Vm STRIKES AVERTED 
 'Tatrons of the down-town oyster houses didn't go May 
 
 hungry yesterday, after all, for the threatened 
 strike of the waiters failed of consummation. The 
 waiters at the Boston, Chicago, Saratoga, Stock 
 Exchange, Lakeside, Gore's Hotel, Freeman's West 
 Side Oyster House, Rector's, Race Bros.', and the 
 Tacoma were apparent leaders of the movement which 
 demanded the recognition of the union. ..." Page 1 
 
 — Chicago Times , May 4. (ICN) Col. 6 
 
 "Frank O'Neill, president of the packing house labor- 
 ers' union, is entitled to much credit for advising
 
 MNALS OF LABOR AKD UJBUSTRY IN ILLINOIS; 1890 183 
 
 his union not to go on n strike they had no chance 
 of winning in the dsplornbly disunited condition of 
 the packing house employes. " Page 
 
 — Rights of Labor . Chicago, May 3. (ICJ) Col. 
 
 BRICKLAYERS WILL SUPPORT STRIKERS 
 
 ". . . The hricklay-^rs , who have had tho eight- May 3 
 hour day for several yenxs and who have no trouhle 
 at all, met last ni^'^ht and agreed to support the 
 union men who may honestly strike for the eight- 
 hour day. They number ahout 2,000 and agreod to con- 
 tribute $1 per week each to the general fund of the 
 Federation of Labor for the purpose." Page 1 
 
 -^ Chica^xo Times . May 4, (ICN) Col. 6 
 
 THE LUMBER SHOVERS 
 
 ". . . Talk ... of a strike of the lumber shovers May 
 ... is ridiculous nonsense. There is no more per- 
 fect organization in Chicago or indeed in the country 
 than the Lumber Shovers' Union. . . . Their scale 
 of prices has not been changed for seven years. It 
 is eminently satisfactory both to the lumber men and 
 the members of the union. The union comprises nearly 
 1,800 members. ..." Page 
 
 — Rights of Labor . Chicago, May 3. (ICJ) Col. 
 
 THE FURNITURE INDUSTRY 
 
 ". . . Furniture factory workers do not intend to May 3 
 
 strike at the present tim.e. They are content with 
 
 their v/ages because they realize that the employers 
 
 cannot grant their demands. Yesterday two-thirds of 
 
 the varnishers and finishers voted against a strike. 
 
 . . ." Page 2 
 
 — Illinois Staats-Zeitunf; . Chicago (trans. ) May 3. (IC) Col. 6
 
 ANNALS OF LA BOR AW IITOUSTRY IM ILLINOIS: 1890 
 
 MOB DESTROYS FULLERTON-MILWAUKEE TOLL GATE 
 
 Resentment of the ownership of Milwaukee avenue by May 5 
 the Snell heirs as a private toll road impelled a 
 group of persons, on the night of April 30 - May 1, 
 to destroy one of the toll gates at Fullerton and 
 Milwaukee avenues and stone the toll gatherer. The 
 Snell heirs protested to Mayor Cregier. Assistant 
 Corporation Counsel C. S. Darrow declared that 
 since the matter is now the subject of a controversy 
 in court, the owners could not rebuild the toll 
 gates and the people rn Milwaukee avenue must re- 
 frain from creating further disturbance. "The 
 citizens, however, seemed to have gained one thing, 
 for without a toll gate toll can not well be col- 
 lected." Page 3 
 —Chicago Times , May 4. (ICN) Col, 1 
 
 "The house and toll gate belonging to the heirs of 
 A. J. Snell, over which there has been so much con- 
 troversy of late, were burned to the ground at an 
 early hour this morning. The fire was evidently of 
 incendiary origin, and it is believed that the farmers Page 1 
 and others in that vicinity took this method to avenge Col. 2 
 their alleged wrongs." 11 o'cl. 
 
 — Chicago Daily News , May 3. (ICN) 
 
 'J^TAGES OF BAKERS 
 
 Edition 
 
 "Ottawa, 111., May 14. — In an opinion filed today in 
 the Supreme Court in the case of Snell vs. the city 
 of Chicago, and relating to the Snell toll road, the 
 court holds that no toll gate can be kept or toll de- 
 manded within the corporate limits of any city. The Page 1 
 toll gate at the intersection of Milwaukee and Fuller- Col. 7 
 ton avenues is within the limits of a city. ..." 11 o'cl. 
 — Chicago Daily News , May 15. (ICN) Edition 
 
 "I n 1881 the average hours of labor were 16f per May 5 
 
 day, and the average wages did not amount to more 
 than $8.20 per week. ... In 1886 the hours of
 
 Al\n,-TALS OF LIBOR AlU) HvTDUSTRY IN ILLIU0I5: 1890 185 
 
 labor came doiwi to 12z per day, and they average 
 now 10 3/4 per day, a total reduction of 6 hours 
 since 1881. . , . 
 
 "The returns for 1889 show the following average: 
 
 " 1st hands 3nd hands 3rd hands 4th hands 
 
 $13.66 $10.54 $8.33 $8.10" Page 1 
 
 — Bakers 'Journal . New York, May 3. (ICJ) Col, 2 
 
 The Bakers' and Confectioners' Union No. 82, of 
 Quincy resolved that after June 1, 1890, ten hours 
 should constitute a day's work, though twelve on 
 Saturdays would "be allowable. This organization 
 has four locals in Illinois-two in Chicago and 
 
 one each in Peoria and Quincy. Page 3 
 
 — Bakers' Journal . New York, May 17. (ICJ) Col. 2 
 
 PAIITOERS ORGMIZE 
 
 "Eighty-eight painters from the "building trades May 
 of the city met at 36 La Salle street yesterday 
 afternoon to organize a local independent union of 
 painters, and every man who attended the masting 
 joined the union and walked up to tho treasurer's 
 desk "bsfor? it was ov;^r to pay his initiation fee, 
 a more promising start, it vas claimed, than v/as 
 ever made in Chicago "by any la"bor organization. 
 
 "'We have eight hours already,' said one of the 
 men, 'and so do not have to ask for that. We 
 secured an eight-hour d.ay in 1886 and were the 
 first trade in Chicago that did. That gave us a 
 "boom, and the year following 2,000 painters, fully 
 two-thirds of the entire trade in the city, were 
 organized. In 1888 we struck for higher wages. 
 We were then gettin^' from 27-g- to 32-|- cents an 
 hour and asked for 37 cents. We failed, and the
 
 186 AMALS OF LABOR AND INDUSTRY IN ILLINOIS; 1890 
 
 organization, entirely in local councils of the 
 Knights of Labor, dwindled away rapidly. Now we 
 want to build up an independent union, with our 
 own officers. We are getting from 25 to 35 cents 
 an hour now. ..." Page 3 
 
 —Chicago Times . May 5. (ION) Col. 1 
 
 INCLINATION TO ARBITRATE NOTED 
 
 "The fashion set on May Day by the carpenters and May 4 
 joiners is being rapidly followed by other trades, 
 notwithstanding the injunction by Gompers to let 
 the former fight out the eight-hour question be- 
 fore they make the same issue. . . . 
 
 "Employers are more disposed than ever before to 
 recognize the labor unions and their right to state 
 their terms, and there is a general disposition on 
 both sides to accept arbitration as the remedy for 
 the trouble." Page 12 
 
 — Chicago Tribune , May 4. (IC) Col. 3 
 
 SOCIALISTS DEN0U1\FCS CLOTH AND CAPITAL 
 'The priests and the capitalists received equal May 
 
 attention at the regular Sunday gathering of 
 Socialists in vjaverly Hall yesterday. The Pope, 
 as the Christian chief, was given some uncompli- 
 mentary epithets, while 'After-Dinner Chauncey, ' 
 as they termed him, and Jay Gould were taken as Page 4 
 the most loathsome specimens of the capitalists. Col. 5 
 . . ." 11 o'cl. 
 
 — Chicago Daily News , May 5. (ICN) Edition 
 
 STEAM AT IfflOLESALE 
 
 "There is an ordinance now before the City Council May 
 granting the South Side Heat and Power Company the
 
 Al^JALS OF LABOR MB raSUSTRY IN ILLIT-TQIS; 1890 Ija2_ 
 
 privilege of laying its steam pipes and mains v/ithin 
 the limits of the city of Chicago." 
 
 Th3 economical and efficient distribution of staam 
 from a central station for heat and power is planned. 
 Cleanliness and even temperature are features, of the 
 proposed system. Page 7 
 
 — Chicago Sunday Glohe . May 4. (IC) Col. 4 
 
 LAKE TRAFFIC 
 
 "The steamers I«iay Durr , J. S. Lyon, City of Rome, May 4 
 and Ironica were still at the coal docks yesterday. 
 The Hecla vvas consigned to a wharf at the mouth of 
 the harhor, where there is hut one derrick and one 
 hucket , and the unloading of her cargo occupied 
 seven days, only heing completed yesterday. Her 
 ovmer will c'emand demurrage. She got only 40 cents 
 per ton freight, and has had to go into dry dock, 
 too, so that her loss on the trip is a v^ry heavy 
 one. The schooner Lizzie A. Law, just arrived 
 with coal, had a large gang of men at work on her 
 yesterday and •'■dll soon he ready for grain." Page 2 
 
 — Chicago Times , May 5. (ICN) Col. 5 
 
 "At the Union Steamboat company's wharfs yesterday 
 the steamship Chemung and propeller Rochester un- 
 loaded; at the Anchor Line wharf, the Susquehanna 
 and Conemaugh, and a.t the Vermont Central wharf, 
 the W. L. Frost. There were no strike troubles, 
 and the strike on the steamship Cayuga, of the 
 Lehigh Valley Line, Sunday night at the St. Paul 
 Railroad wharf seems more than ever to have been 
 a special affair. The Tioga, of the Union Steam- 
 boat Company's line, did not get away on her 
 passage to Buffalo until 8 o'clock yesterday morn- 
 ing. Then she met with an accident. She blew a 
 rivet out of one of her boilers when some distance 
 down the lake and put about and returned to the 
 harbor. Repairs were completed at 3 o'clock in the 
 afternoon and she then left again. . . .
 
 188 ANNALS OF LABOR AH) INDUSTRY IN ILLINOIS: 1890 
 
 "All the steamers mentioned above as unloading went to 
 the elevators during the day to take grain, and would 
 put on their package freight in the evening and leave 
 during the night for below. ..." Page 2 
 
 —Chicago Times , May 6. (ION) Col. 5 
 
 SETTLEMENT REACHED IN CARPENTERS' STRIKE 
 "The terms of the settlement agreed upon between the May 
 
 arbitration committees from the carpenters and the new 
 Boss Carpenter's Association were submitted to the 
 Carpenters' Council at a meeting held yesterday after- 
 noon at 163 Washington street. The meeting was a 
 stormy one, but the report of the committee was adopted." Page 4 
 — Chicago Olobe , May 6. (IC) Col. 5 
 
 "The carpenters were granted . . . recognition of the 
 union, a unifonn workday, a minimum rate of wages, a 
 minimum rate for overtime and for Sunday work, control 
 of the apprentices, a regular code of working rules, and 
 the appointment of standing committees on arbitration to 
 settle difficulties that may arise in the future." Page 2 
 —Chicago Herald, May 6. (IC) Col. 4 
 
 "The settlement of the carpenters' strike, which was 
 reached yesterday, is hardly any more a cause for 
 rejoicing than the method by which it was brought about. 
 The strike was not, it is true, entirely unaccompanied 
 by violence, but it was more peaceable than v/as expected, 
 and more so than any previous strike of the same magnitude. 
 The agreement was strictly the result of ratiocination and 
 arbitration as distinguished from force and intimidation. 
 What is still better, it provides for a permanent joint 
 tribunal empowered to arbitrate all differences that may 
 arise for a year to come."
 
 AI'WALS OF LABOR A-^T: IiJPUSTRY IN ILLINOIS: 1390 189 
 
 The strikers are to "be congratulated on their vic- 
 tory. Their union has "been recognized; they have 
 secured the sight-hour day and other advantages. Page 4 
 ~ Chica.-o Herald (editorial) May 6. (IC) Col. 1 
 
 BLACK ROAD STRIKE ASSUi>3S S3RI0US PROPORT I OI'IS 
 
 "The revolt of the noulders and lahorers of the May 5 
 Malleable Iron Works, on the Black Road, assumed 
 serious proportions yesterday when nearly seven- 
 teen hundred of them unanimously voted to declare 
 a formal strike. They sent a committee of eight- 
 een men, representing all the departments of the 
 big works, to see President Bailey and renew 
 their demands for a uniform day of ten hours, a 
 ten per cent increase for regular v/ork, and 50 per 
 cent increase for overtime, early in the forenoon. 
 The demands had no sooner been presented than they 
 were denied in the curtest manner possible." Page 2 
 
 — Chicago Herald. May 6. (IC) Col. 3 
 
 "Judging by the enthusiasm displayed by the strik- 
 ing employes of the Malleable Iron Works at their 
 meeting yesterday afternoon, the stories to the 
 effect that the men are weakening have no founda- 
 tion in fact. . . 
 
 "One of the moulders, an intelligent Englishman, 
 said: 'After the last strike the company cut us 
 do^Tn 35 per cent, and now they say they can not 
 gr.ant us a 10 per cent advance. It is nonsense; 
 we earn more than we are asking for, and from 
 present indications I think the men will stay out 
 till they starve rather than go back and work for 
 wages which at best keep them in a state of semi- 
 starvation. ' " Page 2 
 — Chicago Tribune , May 7. (ICN) Col. 2
 
 190 ANNALS OF LABOR AI'ID INDUSTRY IN ILLINOIS: 1890 
 
 NEGRO WAITERS STRIKE AT BROCK/AY & McKEY'S 
 At Brockway and McKey's restaurant, as the noon rush May 
 
 hour approached today, the colored waiters took the 
 customers' seats in the ladies' dining room. "The 
 strike was at the instance of the agents of the 
 Culinary Alliance, who are now organizing the colored 
 waiters. . . . They are now getting $7.50 a week, 
 while the union rate of wages is |10. 
 
 "The Culinary Alliance is almost intoxicated with its 
 success. Other restaurants today conceded their demands, 
 and so far not a single strike has been precipitated by 
 the policy adopted by that body. Their union has been 
 recognized on all sides. They expect to complete the 
 work of bringing the restaurants into line this week. 
 . . ." Page 2 
 
 — Chicago Evening Post , May 5. (IC) Col. 2 
 
 "'Closed temporarily rather than let our employes run 
 the house,' printed on large placards and hanging in the 
 windows of the Brockway and McKey restaurant on Clark 
 street, near Madison, was a notification that the waiters 
 at the establishment were on a strike. They went out 
 yesterday evening upon a demand for higher wages and 
 shorter hours of work. ..." Page 2 
 
 —Chicago Herald , May 6, (IC) Col. 3 
 
 LONG HOURS AT GAS WORKS AND PLAInTING MILLS: 
 DISORGANIZATION BLAMED 
 
 "... Taken as a whole the eight-hour movement May 5 
 in the planing-mill district may be put down as a 
 failure. The men lacked organization, leadership, 
 co-operation, and solidarity. Each mill's company 
 acted indeponduntly, rind the movement naturally Page 1 
 
 disintegrated and went to pieces under such Col. 1 
 
 conditions." 3 o'cl. 
 
 —Chicago Mail . May 5. (ICN) Edition
 
 AMALS OF LABOR ANJ INDUSTRY IN ILLINOIS; 189C 191 
 
 "... The men are now working, most of them, 
 tv/elve hours a day. Some fev; years ago the men 
 secured a reduction of hours to ten, tut recently 
 they have been put tack on long hours. . . . 
 Some years ago the Gas and Coke Workers' Assemhly 
 was a flourishing organization, "but when the 
 Knights of Labor hegan to weaken this Assembly went 
 to pieces, . . . They have practically no organi- 
 zation now and could not handle a strike if they 
 "undertook one. ..." Page 2 
 
 — Chicago Evening Post . May 5. (IC) Gol. 3 
 
 LADY OF THE LAKE 
 
 "Mrs. ^ray sails the scow Jim Baues since her hus- May 6 
 "band skipped. There is a lady captain on the Mis- 
 sissippi, "but this lady is the first one to carry 
 papers on the lakes. The Baues is a center-"board 
 scow. " Page 3 
 
 —Chicago Evening Post . May 6. (IC) Col. 6 
 
 flAJlBLE CUTTERS ACHIEYE EIGHT-HOUR DAY 
 
 ^All the mar"ble cutters in the city have achieved May 6 
 the ei^t-hour day with the exception of those em- 
 ployed "by the firms of Davidson & Sons and Bagley 
 & Mason. The other shops are all running on the 
 new plan, and the indications are these two firms 
 will submit before long." Page 2 
 
 — Chicago Evening Post . May P. (IC) Col. 4 
 
 EFFECTS OF CiRP ENTERS ' STRIKE 
 
 ". . . Representatives of about sixty window glass May 
 factories belonging to the National Association held 
 a meeting at the Auditorium yesterday to consider
 
 19P. ANNALS OF LABOR AND INDUSTRY IN ILLINOIS: 1890 
 
 the advisability of closing the blasts on June 1 instead 
 of a month later, as is customary. This action is due 
 to the carpenters' strike, which has caused an enormous 
 falling off in the demand for sheet glass. The proposed 
 ch^inge will throw about five thousand men out of employ- 
 ment one month oarlier than usual." Page 3 
 —Chicago Herald , May 8. (10) Col. 4 
 
 "The strike entails a loss of nearly three-quarters of 
 a million to the workmen themselves, and requires the 
 whole of the working season of one year to liquidate." Page 2 
 — Chicago Evening Post , May 7. (IC) Col. 4 
 
 Because the carpenters' strike has completely paralyzed 
 building operations, the real estate market has been 
 seriously, but only temporarily, affected. Page 26 
 
 — Chicago Times, May 4. (ION) Col. 1 
 
 "The old bosses have smuggled into the city . . . and 
 placed at work some three hundred joiners on various 
 jobs. These men are v;orking in gangs of from eight to 
 twelve . 
 
 "It is known that the strike committee of the Carpenters' 
 Council has within the past few hours appointed 'persuading' 
 committees about five hundred strong." Page 7 
 
 —Chicago Evening Post, May 14. (IC) Col. 5 
 
 SURRENDERING TO THE CARPENTERS 
 
 "The twenty-three unions represented in the Carpenters' May 7 
 Council yesterday ratified the settlement made by the 
 arbitrating board. 
 
 "Immediately a rush for work began. The arrangement is 
 that before a union man can work for a boss, the latter 
 must sign an abridged form of the contract settlement." Page 7 
 —Chicago Tribune , May 8. (IC) Col. 3
 
 ANNALS OF LABOR AKD INDUSTRY IN ILLINOIS; 1890 193 
 
 NOISY DEMANDS BY WOMEN CLOAK MAKERS 
 
 "Atout two hundred and fifty girls, employed in vari- Mny 7 
 ous tailoring estalilishments on West Eighteenth and 
 South Morgan streets, went out on a strike this 
 morning. They made a demand for an eight-hour day 
 with ten hours' pay. This was refused by the em- 
 ployers, and the girls promptly quit and have "keen ' 
 parading the streets, making as much disturhance as 
 it is possible for several hundred females to make. 
 One firm offered to compromise hy granting eight 
 hours with eight hours' pay. When the girls employed 
 in the other shops heard of this they threatened 
 to make it very warm for their co-strikers if the 
 terms were accepted. The threat had the desired 
 effect and a determined front is heing shown." Page 2 
 — Chicago Evening Post . May 7. (IC) Col. 3 
 
 NORTHERl^ ILLINOIS COAL MINERS ASK 7|-CE1OT INCREASE 
 
 "The coal miners' difficulties are still unsettled May 7 
 and there is some prospect of a general strike in- 
 volving about 30,000 miners. There are about 12,000 
 out now, all in the northern Illinois district. 
 They demand an increase of 7-| cents a ton. The mine 
 owners say they cannot grant this and compete with Page 1 
 the southern Illinois district, where machinery is Col. 4 
 used in mining. " Morning 
 
 — Chicago Daily News . May 7. (ICU) Edition 
 
 HAY PALACES AT COUNTY FAIRS 
 
 "The Industrial Hay Palace Association, of Momence, May 
 111. , has been incorporated to promote an agricul-
 
 194 m^ALS OF LABOR AND INDUSTRY IK ILLINOIS: 1890 
 
 tural and scientific exhibit, with a capital stock of 
 ^7,500. Its purpose is to erect hay palaces at county 
 fairs -.Jid agricultural exhibits." Page 1 
 
 — Champaign Daily Gazette , Msy 7.(IU) Col. 3 
 
 COOPERS' STRIIS; £NDED 
 "The strike inaugurated two weeks ago by the coopers at May 
 
 the packing houses came to an end last night, when at a 
 meeting held at 2525 Halsted street the men by a unanimous 
 vote decided to go back to work at the old scale of wages 
 and hours. The decision . . . was a result of the failure 
 of the men employed by Armour, Swift, and Morris to go out. 
 Nearly all the men who spoke at the meeting were of the 
 opinion, and in many instances had been assured, that they 
 could return to work at their old places." Page 2 
 
 — Chicago Times , May 8. (ICN) Col. 4 
 
 KINSLEY'S CARRIES ON VJITHOUT ilTMTERS 
 At Kinsley's fashionable restaurant yesterday seventy- May 
 
 five waiters whose wage increase had been denied marched 
 out in their aprons. This action "created much hilarity 
 and drew quite a crowd." 
 
 — Illinois Staats-Zeitung , Page 
 Chicago (trans.), May 8. (IC) Col. 
 
 "Pretty cashiers waited on table at Kinsley's restaurant 
 yesterday; stylishly dressed clerks served soup and fish, 
 cooks carried to guests the dishes they had just prepared, 
 while even the dishwashers v/ere pressed into service, and 
 spilled hot coffee down hungry men's necks with an expert- 
 ness that almost seemed born of long practice. Some of the 
 older patrons foraged in the kitchen for themselves, much
 
 ANNALS OF LABOR AND INDUSTRY IN ILLINOIS; 1890 195 
 
 as the head of the family does when his wife is 
 cleaning house, and the only employes who were not 
 pressed into extra service were the bartenders , and 
 they were too husy at the old stanC. ..." Page 2 
 
 —Chicago Herald . May 9. (IC) Col, 1 
 
 "The waiters who so holdy went out on strike at 
 Kinsley' s are hecoming nervous and are endeavoring 
 to get "back. Some eight or ten of them applied yes- 
 terday to he taken hack, "but they were informed "by 
 Manager Bauman that they never could find employ- 
 ment at his estahlishment. " Page 7 
 — Sunday Inter Ocean . Chicago, May 11. (IC) Col. 3 
 
 POOLING SUGGESTED AS REMEDY FOR SECRET RATE CUTTING 
 
 "As an evidence of the secret rate cutting that is May fl 
 heing practiced hy the eastern roads, it is said 
 that a contracting agent offered a Chicago hoot and 
 shoe house a rate of 38 cents first-class from Boston 
 to Chicago. The tariff rate is 54 cents. The offer 
 was refused and an intimation given that a much 
 
 hetter rate had been secured for the season," Page 7 
 
 — Chicago Evening Post . May 9, (iC) Col. 2 
 
 "A practical return to the pooling arrangements 
 that were in force before the passage of the inter- 
 state commerce law" is recommended hy railroad men 
 as "the only remedy which will stand any strain." Page 7 
 — Chicago Evening Post . May 1. (IC) Col. 3 
 
 MAITOFACTURE OF PAVING BRICK AND TILE 
 
 "The Rockford Construction Co. has commenced the May 8 
 erection of a paving hrick factory ... at Milan 
 . . . for furnishing paving hrick for Rock Island's 
 paving. The cost of the plant will he $25,000. It
 
 ANI\IALS OF L.'UBOR ATID irTOUSTRY IN ILLINOIS: 1890 
 
 will give employment to fifty men and can turn out 30,000 
 brick in a day of eight hours, with facilities to double 
 the capacity if the demands for paving material necessitate 
 it." 
 
 — Camb ridge Chro nicl e. May 8. Page 8 
 (Office of Cambridge Chronicle ) Col. 4 
 
 "At their yards on the V/est Side of the city Mowbry & 
 Lowes are now manufacturing hexagon tile for walks. For 
 several years past they have been engaged in manufacturing 
 a splendid quality of tile for walks. Some of it has been 
 used by the city and is giving the best of satisfaction. 
 People who intend relaying or building new walks -ibout 
 their dooryards should see the tile they now offer before 
 deciding to use boards." 
 
 — Geneseo Republi c, May 16. Page 5 
 (Office of Gensseo Republic) Col. 3 
 
 "John Johnson, the brick manufacturer of this city, 
 received this morning a sample of paving brick from 
 Germany. The samples sent are good brick, but inferior 
 to those burned in Pekin. Our brick are harder and 
 perfectly non-porus." 
 
 — P ekin Daily Times , May 3. Page 4 
 (Office of Pekin Daily Times) Col. 2 
 
 "The Galesburg Pressed Brick and Tile Company manufactured 
 during April 1,200,000 bricks and is still behind orders." 
 
 — G-alesburg Republican-Register , Page 5 
 May 3. (IG) Col. 1 
 
 CIGAR MAKERS' CONSPIRACY CASE 
 
 "Six of the leading spirits in the strike of 250 cigar May 
 makers employed until a month ago in the Columbia Cigar 
 Factory, at 85 North Clinton street, are rounding out 
 and finishing their labor agitation in the county jail. 
 The six men were arrested at their houses yesterday
 
 AMALS OF L.A30R A}m INDUSTRY U1 ILLIiroiS: 1890 197 
 
 morning ty specials, under order from Superintfjndent 
 Sutherland of the Mooney and Boland Detective Agency, 
 and are before Justice S'oerhardt , charged with con- 
 spiracy. " 
 
 Strikers v/ere charged with violating Judge Collins' 
 injunction against harassing "scahs" who had replaced 
 them. Page 2 
 
 — Chicago Hemld . iuay 9. (IC) Ccl. 1 
 
 BUILDING BOOM FOLLO?'S STRIKE SSTTLEIffiNT 
 
 The "building department is doing a hooming "business. May 8 
 "Since the settlement of the strike the daily receipts 
 
 have j-ujnped up a"bnormally. " Page 2 
 
 — Chicago Eveniji.^ Post . May 8. (IC) Col. 4 
 
 "The carpenters claim that nearly 5,000 of their men 
 are now at work. The attitude of the old Master 
 Carpenters' Association, as outlined in Presid-jnt 
 Goldie''"- address Thursday night, has stirred iip 
 the Carpenters' Council to renewed vigor against its 
 mein"b:ers. The strike committee has "been recognized, 
 its n\im"ber reduced from six to three, and a picket 
 service of 250 men estahlished. Incoming trains, will 
 be watched and every effort v,'ill "be m,ade to prevent Page 1 
 non-union carpenters from, teing t'rou5;ht into the Col. 5 
 city." 11 c'cl. 
 
 — Chicago Daily Hev/s . M.Ty 10. (ICN) ' Edition 
 
 "The Brotherhood of Carpenters and Joiners is rejoic- 
 ing over the result of the eight-hour movement. 
 Twenty-seven cities and towns — 23,355 carpenters — 
 have secured the eight-hoiir day. "line cities are 
 still prolonging the fight, and six have compromised 
 on the hasis of a nine-hour day. In seventy-two 
 cities -and tovrns a nine-hour daj'' has "been esta"blished, 
 with the understanding th.at eight hours shall consti- 
 tute a day on Saturday. By this last concession 
 14,180 carpenters are affected. In eighteen other
 
 198 ANNALS OF LABOR AND INDUSTRY IN m.INOIS: 1890 
 
 cities 2,668 men have secured increased pay. All in all 
 the carpenters think they have vron a signal victory." 
 Chicago employers signing the union scale number about 
 900. Page 5 
 
 —Chicago Times , May 27. (ICN) Col. 5 
 
 FURNITURE WORKERS 'VIN CONCESSIONS 
 
 "The strike among the furniture makers at A. H. Andrews May 9 
 & Co.'s is seemingly as far from a settlement as ever. 
 
 "The firm yesterday offered the men an increase of 5 per 
 cent, the hours to remain the s>ame as now; but the offer Page 1 
 was refused, as the men are determined to have a reduct Col. 3 
 in hours as well as an increase in pay. ..." 5 o'cl. 
 
 — Chicago Daily News , May 9. (ICN) Edition 
 
 "The strikers at A. H. Andrews & Co.'s school furniture 
 factory on Twenty-second and Fiske streets has been 
 settled and the full force of 625 men and boys will 
 resume work Monday. ..." It is a practical victory 
 for the strikers, as wages were increased and the demand Page 1 
 for a half holiday on Saturday for June, July and August Col. 2 
 was granted. 5 o'cl. 
 
 — Chicago Mail , May 10. Edition 
 
 CHEESE FACTORY SHARES PROFITS 
 
 "ThG Gilt-Edge Cheese Factory, of Hanna, started up May 9 
 last Monday with bright prospects for a good season's 
 business. The day's receipts of milk were 1,150 pounds, 
 which will probably soon bu doubled, . . . The profit- 
 sharing plan is followed, each patron receiving a pro 
 rata share of the profits in proportion to the milk 
 furnished. " 
 
 — Qene seo Re pubJlc. May 9. Page 5 
 (Office of Geneseo" Republic ) Col. 1
 
 AFNALS OF LABOR AM) INDUSTRY IN ILLINOIS: 1890 199 
 
 NEGLIGENCE FACTOR IN FATAL SUGAR BLAST 
 AT CHICAGO SUGAR REFINING COIAPANY 
 
 "The coroner finishad the inquest on the victims May 9 
 of the sugar refinery explosion of March 27 yester- 
 day. The verdict was that the men had, died from 
 "burns and injuries received in an explosion caused 
 hy a fire "breaking out in a pile of refuse under 
 overheated steam pipes. The company was censured 
 for negligence. ..." Page 3 
 
 — Chicago Herald . May 10, (IC) Col. 2 
 
 HUGE COAL STRIKE FORECAST 
 
 "The temporary settlement with striking miners in May 9 
 Illinois coal fields is "but the deceptive calm that 
 often precedes a furious storm. ... It applies 
 only to the soft coal fields in northern Illinois, 
 where ahout 12,000 men were idle. . . . 
 
 "The terms are simply that the men will resume at 
 the old terms of 72-|- cents a ton as a "basis, and 
 that the operatives of the northern Illinois dis- 
 trict will raise this price to correspond with any 
 raise that may "be o"btained from the southern 
 Illinois district." 
 
 The union committee declares that ".vithin sixty days it 
 would "be possible to organize the men in "both south- 
 ern and northern districts. At that time approach- 
 ing winter would force the operators to yield. Page 1 
 — Chicago Evening Post . May 9. (iC) Col. 4 
 
 ILLINOIS RIVALS Sl\TGLAi\TD AS WATCH-iiAKING CENTER 
 
 ". . .the Prairie State of Illinois contains four 
 watch factories which produce 2,000 watches a day, 
 or more than the output of all England." Page 4 
 
 — Kewanee Courier . May 7. (IK) Col. 1
 
 20C AMNALS OF LABOR AND INDUSTRY IN ILLINOIS: 1890 
 
 CO-OPERAl'IVE BOARDING HOUSE AT DECATUR 
 
 "An exchange says: After many weeks of figuring, fifty- May 10 
 two Decatur families, including many of wealth and po- 
 sition, have united in a novel manner of living. They 
 have joined together to maintain a co-operative board- 
 ing house, the expense to each for the best of food and 
 cooking being not more than $2.50 a week. The ladies 
 take charge a week about in turn and buy all the food, 
 while a paid housekeeper attends to the details and 
 service. Another similar establishment is projected." 
 
 — Prairie Chief , Cambridge, May 10. Page 4 
 (Office of Moline Dispatch ) Col. 4 
 
 7JHAT CHIC.<\GO GETS BESIDES THE WORLD'S FAIR 
 
 The Boston Traveler says: Chicago has secured the May .10 
 Fair, Libby Prison is now there, and arrangements are 
 being made to take thither John Brown's old fort at 
 Harper's Ferry. Boston is to take immediate steps to 
 have Bunker Hill tied dovm securely." Page 1 
 
 —Labor Leader, Boston, May 10. (ICJ) Col. 5 
 
 "The 200 cloak makers of Chicago who struck two weeks May 10 
 ago for an advance of 15 per cent and to have their 
 union recognized have been successful and are all 
 again at work." Pago 3 
 
 — Labor Leader, Boston, May 10. (ICJ) Col. 4 
 
 A GIANT '.fflEEL 
 
 "The Quincy Metal Wheel Co. have just completed and May 10 
 shipped to a large manufacturing establishment in Penn- 
 sylvania some wheels that are such very gi.ants beside 
 the ordinary article turned out by this concern as to 
 excite comment and wonder. The wheels are 80 inches in 
 diameter, the tires are 8 inches wide and three-quarters 
 of an inch thick, the spokes are 32 in nimiber and three-
 
 MNALS OF LABOR AND INDUSTRY IN ILLINOIS: 1890 201 
 
 quarters of an inch thick. They iveigh 700 pounds each. 
 These are the hind wheels of the set. The fore wheels 
 are 36 inches in diameter, and of the dimensions other- 
 wise as the large ones. They are mad.e to support a 
 weight of eight tons. These v/heels are without douht 
 the largest metal wheels which have ever heen made. 
 The ahility of the Metal Fiieel Company to turn out 
 wheels is VTithout limit." Page 3 
 
 — Qui no V Herald . May 10. (IQ;N) Col. 4 
 
 CLERGYMEN DISCUSS LABOR PROBLEMS 
 
 "'Co-operation as a remedy for Social Ills and Labor May . 11 
 Troubles' was the topic of the Rev. Dr. David Utter' s 
 sermon yesterday morning." Lauding the May Day demon- 
 stration as an example or co-operation, Dr. Utter in- Page 6 
 sisted that the savage struggle for existence must Col. 1 
 yield to more social methods. 11 o'cl. 
 — Chicago Daily News . Mayl2. (ICN) Edition 
 
 "'Strikes, and Hov to Avoid Them,' will he the theme 
 at the M. E. Church next Sunday evening. Working men 
 and all others are cordially invited. " Page 1 
 
 — The Independent . Kewanee, May 8. (IK) Col. 6 
 
 The Rev. W. D. T. Bliss of Boston preached on 'Chris- May 18 
 
 tian Socialism' at Ada Street Methodist Church last Page 1 
 
 evening before a large ccn,f;r&gation. '' The pastor's Col. 5 
 
 Socialistic discourse pvokbd fraquent Amens. Morning 
 
 — Chic-xr,o Daily News . May 19. (ICU) Edition 
 
 CONCRETE POST FIRin INCORPORATES 
 
 "The Concrete Post Manufacturing Company, of Illinois May 12 
 and Missouri, filed papers of incorporation yesterday 
 ... at Belleville. The company will manufacture and
 
 202 ANNALS OF LABOR AM) INDUSTRY IN ILLINOIS; 1890 
 
 sell concrete posts, railroad ties, and bridge beams. . . 
 Capital stock, $50,000.. Principal office, this city." Page 4 
 —East St. Louis Da.l".:.- J-.-.urnal, May 13. (lEa) Col. 2 
 
 BUILDERS DECLARE J^TAR ON NE/if ASSOCIATION 
 
 "The Master Carpenters and Builders' Association is May 12 
 
 making strenuous efforts to obtain workmen and has de- Page 1 
 
 Glared open war upon the new association for which Col. 6 
 
 the ex-strikers are now at work." 3 o'cl. 
 
 — Chicago Evening Journal , May 12. (IC) Edition 
 
 VESSEL INSPECTION DECLARED INADEQUATE 
 
 The Collector of Customs at Chicago, Mr. Clark, in a May 13 
 detailed report to Mr. Tichenor, Assistant Secretary 
 of the Treasury in charge of customs at VJashington, 
 states that facilities for vessel inspection are in- 
 adequate. Page 2 
 — Chicago Times , May 14. (ICN) Col. 5 
 
 LABOR SKY BEGINNING TO CLEAR 
 
 "... Out of the 10,000 who were on a strike last week May 15 
 less than five hundred remain idle today. . . . 
 
 "The strikes have covered a period of but little over 
 a month. . . . The disturbance has been confined almost 
 entirely to the building trades, with the . . . excep- 
 tions of the iron molders and restaurant waiters. But 
 little violence has resulted from the movement for the 
 eight -hour day, and the only fatal casualty comes of 
 individual desperation and is in no way representative 
 of the temper of the working people. ..." Page 2 
 
 — Chicago Evening Post , May 13. (IC) Col. 3
 
 AI^NALS OF LABOR .^^D INDUSTRY IN ILLINOIS: 1890 20.^ 
 
 STAIRBUILDERS ON STRIKE 
 
 "... About forty stair "builders who have refused to May 14 
 work for non-union tosses are now on strike. They 
 struck in the interest of the journeymen carpenters 
 and will ohey the dictates of the Carpenters' Council." Page 2 
 — Chicago Times . May 14. (ICN) Col. 2 
 
 ICE FJIKING- PLAITTS INCREASE 
 
 "I'lants for artificially making ice are multiplying May 14 
 in Illinois. New ones have just heen completed at 
 
 Springfield, Decatur, and Blcomington. ..." Rage 4 
 
 —Champaign Daily Gazette . May 14. (ill) Col. 4 
 
 SOUTH WATER STREET 
 
 "London has Govent Garden, and is welcome to it; so May 1 5 
 she is to Smithfield, rich with young heef and the 
 "blood of martyrs; so she is to the Billingsgate red- 
 olent of fish and profanity. So is New York welcome 
 to her Washington, Jefferson, and Fulton. They are 
 suited to her needs and circumstances. But greater 
 than all these, dirtier than all these, more prolific 
 than all these of carrots and cusswords, "beans and 
 "bustle, fish and filthiness, veal and velocity, is 
 our own loved South Water Street. 
 
 "From River street to Market street. . . is the busiest 
 mile, or fraction of a mile, in Chicago, and one of the 
 dirtiest sections in Christendom. . . Eighteen years cf 
 slimy exhalations from the river that swashes its dir- 
 ty current against their heels had hidden the original 
 complexion of these "buildings to a uniform coating of 
 dun and dirty "brown. The surplus . . . leaks through 
 the windows, protrudes out of the gaping doors, or oozes 
 up the cellarways. . . . The pedestrians — if any ven- 
 ture thither - duck their heads to escape the dripping 
 awnings, as they pick their devious and dangerous way 
 "between boxes of vegetables, fruit, barrels of fish,
 
 204 ANNALS OF LABOR AND INDUSTRY IN ILLINOIS; 1890 
 
 clammy carcasses of beasts, and crates of noisy fowls, 
 are jostled by porters or vociferously damned for an 
 intruder." Wagons backed against the curbstones and 
 horses rubbing noses in the middle of the street, 
 tramping upon broken crates and decayed cabbages, pre- 
 sent an effective barrier to pedestrian and cabman 
 alike. Such is the character of South Water street, 
 "The alimentary canal of Chicago." Page 5 
 
 — Chicago Evening Post , May 15, (IC) Col. 4 
 
 Nov; a model of cleanliness and efficiency, the South 
 Water Market on Chicago's West Side perpetuates the 
 name of this historic institution. Wacker Drive, 
 typifying the present city, rose on the site of old 
 South Water street in 1926. — Ed. 
 
 INDUSTRIAL REFUSE CREATES FIRE HAZARD 
 
 A group of Chicago tugmen who had long deplored the May 15 
 fire hazard caused by greasy gas-house refuse floating 
 on the south branch of the Chicago River invited sever- 
 al ins\irance men to a tour of inspection on a tug. 
 They were appalled. "Do the authorities know of this?" 
 they asked. "That water will burnl" The possibility 
 of a holocaust was pointed out — a river of fire ad- 
 vancing through a maize of wharves, lumber yards, and 
 elevators. 
 
 "The gentlemen thanked the tugmen for calling attention 
 to what they called this scandalous endangerment of the 
 city, and said that the facts would be brought to the 
 attention of the proper authorities, and meanwhile the 
 property owners along the river would have to pay large- 
 ly advanced insurance rates." 
 
 It was said that conditions on the north branch were 
 not ideal, either. The insurance men, however, had 
 seen enough from Ogden's slip to Bridgeport. Page 2 
 
 — Chicago Times , M^ 20. (ICN) Col. 6
 
 AI^UALS OF LABOR .'{iTp ICTUSTRY IN ILLINOIS: 1890 205 
 
 ELUCTRIG LIC^HTIilG 
 
 "The 3l8ctric li-ht company have put a Injnp on the M^-^y 15 
 post at tha corner of Main and Third strests to see 
 
 how it -7111 work for li.r:hting the streets." Pa^'ca 1 
 
 — The Independent . Kewanea, lliy 15. (IK) Col. 3 
 
 "The Pekin Honiny Mill Company have their electric 
 light plant riinning in fine shape, and f^ives light for 
 the whole neighborhood. " Page 4 
 
 — Daily Bvening Post . Pekin, l^Iay 29. Col. 2 
 (Office of Pekin Daily Times) 
 
 "We get the 32-candle-power incandescent lamps for 
 $16 per year each." The City Couiicil's investigation 
 showed that Sterling paid $22.50, Monmouth $30, and 
 Clinton, Iowa, $32 for the same lig-ht. Page 5 
 
 — Geneseo Repuhlic . May 30. Col. 2 
 (Office of Geneseo Republic) 
 
 CHS.iPER TO TRAVEL 3Y R0mn)A30UT ROUTE 
 
 "Kansas City, Mo. , iiay 15. - A peculiar result of the Hiy 15 
 unusual rate situation is manifested by the arrival 
 here of fifty passengers from St. Louis on their way 
 to Chicago. The fare from St. Louis to Chicairo direct 
 is $7.50; from St. Louis to Chica^'o , via Kansas City, 
 $4. Therefore, though by coming here they travel 500 
 miles farther, they save $2 or $3." Page 8 
 
 — Chicago Times . May 16. (ICN) Col. 2 
 
 EIGHT -HOUR PI0E3EHS 
 
 "Chicago terra cotta workers and the stone im^^ons have Mny 15 
 worked eight hours since 1867," Page 4 
 
 — Journal of the Knifchts of Labor . Phila. , May 15. (ICJ) Col. 4
 
 206 ANN/-LS OF LABOR AND INDUSTRY IN ILLINOIS; 
 
 MALLEABLE IRON MEN STILL OOT 
 
 "The announcement in yesterday afternoon's papers that May 15 
 the strike at the malleable iron works had been broken 
 was an error, '-^'here were less than one hundred of the 
 twelve hundred employes of that establishment at work 
 yesterday. The strikers say there were only twelve old 
 hands back at work, and during the day three of these 
 were marched off the grounds by their wives and roundly 
 rated by the angry females for deserting their comrades, 
 A meeting of the mq.lleable employes is to be held at Page 5 
 their headquarters, corner 21st and Robey streets, this Col. 4 
 afternoon at 3 o'clock." 11 o'cl. 
 
 — Chicago Daily News , May 15. (ICN) Edition 
 
 "...Their unorganized condition precludes the hope 
 of ultimate success. . . . When will workingmen learn 
 that the time to organize is not when the strike is 
 on, but before it is thought of? Had these moulders be- 
 gun a year or two ago to get their members into a 
 union and enforced some discipline, their demands at 
 this time would in all probability have been conceded 
 without a strike." Page 3 
 
 — Rights of Labor , Chicago, May 24. (lCJ)Col. 2 
 
 DISTILLERY ET^IPLOYES ASK EIGHT HOUR DAY — DISCHARGED 
 
 "Twelve men employed at the distillery of Thomas Lynch May 16 
 waited upon the proprietor last Friday and asked for 
 an eight-hour instead of a twelve-hour day. The 
 promise to make the change, the men report, was given. 
 Instead of keeping the promise Mr. Lynch, it is said, 
 discharged all his old employes and took on a new 
 force on the basis of an eight-hour day." Page 2 
 
 — Chicago Times , May 22. (ICN) Col. 3
 
 A:-^^?ALS of LIBOR AJiD IICTUSTRY IN ILLINOIS; 1890 207 
 
 JUSTICE OF LilHSRS' DEfcU>n)S COLTT-EDEI) 
 
 "Of course thsre are tv/o sides to the coal strike ques- May 16 
 tion. But there is one thin.'^ th.n,t can be depended on. 
 The coal niners are not, jetting enough for their Y;ork, 
 and they were oppressed in various ways. Their demand 
 for an increase of wages is just. The operators claim 
 that, owing to varioTis things, while admitting the jus- 
 tice of the miners' deriands , they cannot grant them. 
 They should place thenselves in a condition -.i/here they 
 can grant them. In the first place, the miners ohould 
 have some pay for everything they produce that has a 
 marketahis value.. They don't get this now. They get 
 no pay for certain kinds of nux coal, nor do they get 
 any pay for slack. -3v?ry pound of which c.an he marketed 
 in this city. This is unjust and outrageous. Coal 
 mining is not only hard lahor hut it is dangerous work, 
 and the wages should be good. But every one knows they 
 are not. " Page 4 
 
 — Peoria Transcript (editorial) May 16. (IP) Col. 3 
 
 INCOEPOILITIOIJ P.^SRS ISSUED 
 
 "Peabody Coal Comp.anjs to buy and sell coal; capital tvtay 17 
 stock, $120,000; incorporators, Francis S. Peabody, 
 G. W. Brown, and F. 0. Lowden. 
 
 "Higginsville Metalized Brick & Tile Company; capital 
 stock, $200,000; incorporators, Hir.am Blaisdell , George 
 B. Stevenson, and ?7. E. KcHenry, " P.age 3 
 
 — Chicago Evening Post , May 17. (IC) Col. 6 
 
 RECOVER SCUTTLED COAL: CARGO OF TIES LOST 
 
 "0. S. Richardson, the coal man, has coal transferred May 17 
 from his uptown yards to various points in the harbor 
 on flatboats. the coal being stowed in square one-ton 
 bins, which rure readily lifted off and onto the flat- 
 boats by derricks. Yesterday afternoon, while one of 
 the flat-boats was being load.^d at the Eighteenth street 
 yard with these one-ton bins, the boat tipped a little
 
 208 ANNALS OF LABOR AND INDUSTRY IN ILLINOIS; 1890 
 
 too much, not being in good trim, and forty-eight tins, 
 with forty-eight tons of coal, slid off the deck into 
 the river. The coal is worth ahout $3.75 per ton. 
 Dunham's diver, Mr. Hanson, was summoned to the scene 
 last night and the work of recovering the coal com- 
 menced. Page 7 
 — ChicigQ Times . May 18, (ICN) Col. 5 
 
 "The cargo of 10,000 cedar ties lost overboard from 
 the City of (Jreen Bay's "barge was consigned to Mueller, 
 Christie & Raber of Chicago. It was owned by Smith & 
 Hassek of Raber, Mich. The cargo of ice lost from the 
 Thomas H. Smith's barge was consigned to the 5. H. Ham- 
 mond Packing Company at Haimnond, up the Caltomet River. 
 The barges are nothing more nor less than flat scows, 
 which are hardly safe inside a harbor, to say nothing 
 of stormy weather on long routes along this turbulent 
 lake. One life was lost with the Green Bay's scow, but 
 no search is made for the man's body." Page 7 
 
 —Chicago Times . May 18. (ICN) Col. 5 
 
 FIRST ELECTRIC RAILWAY FOR SOUTH CHICAGO 
 
 "South Chicago and the Calumet district are going to Mn.v 17 
 have the first electric street railway to be operated 
 in this town. The Calumet Electric Street Railway took 
 out its papers of incorporation yesterday at Springfield 
 and it will have its tracks down before July 1. The inr- 
 corporators ajre N. K. Fairbank, S. E. Gross, Joel D. 
 Harvey, W. V. Jacobs, and Otho S. Gaither. The capital 
 stock is $50,000." 
 
 The road will connect South Chicago and Pullman. The 
 storage battery was more favorably considered than the 
 overhead trolley as being less clumsy. Page 3 
 
 — Chicago Tribune . May 17. (ICU) Col. 2 
 
 CONVICT LABOR 
 
 "The principal feature at the meeting of the Trades May IS 
 
 and Labor Assembly yesterday was the report of the com-
 
 A:' "JA1S of LA305 £ .:!• . Il-TI' USTRY IN ILLIMOIS; 1890 202 
 
 nittee appointed to visit ths stats pei^itenti'^.ry at Jo- 
 liet to inq-aire into the nrntter of convict lal^or in the 
 harness shop, under contract or otherwise controlled by 
 A. F. Risser. The conmittee, composed of Mrs. T. J. 
 iv'orp'nn; 0. W. Eise, .nnd Mary E. Kenjiey reported that 
 it went to Joliet on -1-iy 6." • Pas'i.'e 1 
 
 Col. 4 
 Illegal employmnnt , overwork, and abuse of convicts are Morning 
 charged. Edition 
 
 — Chicago r-^.il:- ^ews . May 19. (ICU) 
 
 GAS MOTORS TO PROPEL STREET C.^IRS 
 
 "A majority of the ownars of property on Liwndale ave- May 18 
 nu8, between Ogden avenue .?nd the Illinois Central Rail- 
 way at Thirty- third street, have signed a petition to 
 the Council to permit the West Chicago Street Railway 
 Coinpan;^'' to extend its Ogden nvemie line between the 
 points mentioned, , . , A gas motor wil] be used to 
 operate the road." Page 11 
 
 —Chicago Sunday Hgrald . May 18. (IC) Col. 3 
 
 A similar car was tested on Lake street May 30. It 
 was said to be practically noiseless, and capable of 
 traveling twenty miles an hour. Page 3 
 
 — Chi e n -0 Herald . May 31. (IC) Col. 4 
 
 ■ MSTSF. RAILWAY SCI-iEFJLES 
 
 "The Atlanta Constitution of May 5, calling attention May 19 
 to some phenomenally fast time made by fr'j.it trains 
 from Tampa to Chicago by the East Tennessee, Virginia 
 & C-edrgia Railway Company, s;iys a train of tiTenty 
 carloads of bananas mad.e the trip from Tampa to Chat- 
 tanooga in forty-four hours, and from Ch^att.anooga to 
 Chicago in less than thirty-six hours, thus making the 
 entire trip in eighty hours. " Page 7 
 
 ~ Chica.:o B-'7enin£: Post . May 8. (IC) Col. 2
 
 PIO AMALS OF LA30R AKD INDUSTRY IN ILLINOIS: 1890 
 
 The Michigan Central announces twenty-four-hour service 
 between Chicago and New York to begin May 18. Sleeping- 
 car tickets are required on the west-hound, extra-fare, 
 limited trains. , • Page 10 
 
 — Chicago Times . May 17, (ICN) Col. 7 
 
 ". . . It used to he that you could not go from Chica- 
 go to New York without spending two nights on the road, 
 and thirty-six hours then for the journey was considered 
 very good time. Now the fastest trains have reduced 
 that from thirty-six to thirty hours. With double tracks 
 the entire distance, and a clear way for their passenger 
 trains, the journey to New York might he made in twenty- 
 one hours . . . The present time cannot he much improved 
 on without double tracks the entire distance." Page 7 
 
 — Chicago Evening Post . May 19. (IC) Col. 3 
 
 "A new fast train from Chicago to California will be 
 put on the Atchison, Topeka & Santa Fe Railroad Sunday 
 next. It will shorten the fastest time heretofore made 
 between these points by twenty-four hours. . . . The 
 whole time consumed between Chicago and San Francisco 
 will be ninety-six hours. ..." Page 7 
 
 —C hicago Evening Post , May 29. (IC) Col. 4 
 
 SOME HOTEL MEN CONCEDE, OTHERS RESIST DElvIANDS 
 OF THE CULINARY ALLIANCE 
 
 "The hotel waiters' strike was brought to a decisive May 19 
 
 issue this morning by Potter Palmer, who paid off 
 sixty-five of his dining-room men for refusing to 
 agree to a proposed scale of prices which he sub- 
 mitted through his head waiter. ... He desired the 
 men to be notified that they would be given a raise in 
 wages to $26, $29 and $30 a month, as against $25 and 
 $26, as heretofore. . . . Those who had agreed to accept 
 Mr. Palmer's terms, one of which was a refusal to 
 treat with the Alliance, were told to go to work. . . , 
 Within fifteen minutes. . . . sixty-five men were 
 standing upon the outside of the Palmer House. . . .
 
 im\^AL5 OF LIBOR AlTD IiroUSTRY IN ILLINOIS; 1090 311 
 
 ". . . Half the bell "boys in the house were pressed 
 into service, and a numher of cham'bermaids followed 
 the order and went hehind a dining-room apron." Page 1 
 — Chicago Evening Pos t. May 19. (IC) Col. 7 
 
 "... The connittee of the Alliance having charge 
 of the strike here declares that the war will he kept 
 up all summer, and will extend all over the country 
 until victory is finally gained." Page 2 
 
 — Chicago Evening Post . May 20. (IC) Col. 7 
 
 "The hotel and restaurant men. . . had a meeting 
 at the Palmer House yesterday afternoon to devise 
 ways and means to defeat the strikers. . . . 
 
 "At the Tremont House Manager Hathbone was deserted 
 
 by the five men who had heretofore refused to go with Page 1 
 
 the union, and the guests of the house were left to Col. 2 
 
 the tender mercies of the chambermaids. ..." H o'cl. 
 
 — Chicago. Pnilv Naws . liay 22. (ICN) Edition 
 
 "The colored waiters saoi*ed another victory yester- 
 day. The Auditorium Hotal signed. » . . This was a 
 surprise, as the most strenuous opposition had been 
 expected from that hotel rtbovd all others." Conces- 
 sions in wages, hours, atid bre.akage were granted. Page 3 
 -^" dhlCaao Tribune . May 21. (IC) Col. 1 
 
 The boys had been doili'teouely received by Mr. Drake 
 of the Grand Pacific, fiere the union' s scale and 
 stajidard are respected, and the promise was made to 
 grant their moderate demands. Page 3 
 
 — Chicago Evening Post , May 15. (IC) Col. 6 
 
 The striking waiters received financial and moral 
 support throughout the country. President Pomeroy of 
 the Alliance was met by a brass band on his arrival 
 from New York "loaded down with cash. " Police pro- Page 1 
 tection was invoked to protect non-union waiters. Col. 1 
 — Chicago Globe . May 28. (IC) Page 2 
 — Chicago Evening Post . May 13. (IC) Col. 3
 
 >1P ANNALS or LABOR AND INDUSTRY IN ILLINOIS: 1890 
 
 WORKING WOMEN'S LOT IMPROVES THROUGH ORGANIZATION 
 
 "The condition of the working woman of this city has of %y 20 
 late been attracting the attention of the thinking pub- 
 lic, and plans are being laid for her advancement social- 
 ly and morally. Through the efforts of The Globe the 
 'Working Women's Improvement Association' was organized 
 May 26, 1889, almost a year ago. . . ." 
 
 Respectable living quarters and aid in finding employ- 
 ment will be provided for girls of little means. Initi- 
 ation fee is fifty C3nts and dues are ten cents a month. 
 After six months' membership a girl, if she becomes ill, 
 is entitled to draw a benefit of $3.00 a week. Page 1 
 
 — Chicago Globe . May 21. (IC) Col. 7 
 
 "The regular meeting of the Working Woman' s Improvement 
 Association was held at the Working Women's Home, 189 
 East Huron Street , Tuesday evening. . . . 
 
 "Although ... in existence nearly a year, the first 
 benefit payment was made Tuesday evening. . . . Classes 
 ... to meet once a week, in dressmaking and cooking," Page 8 
 — Chicago Evening Post . May 22. (IC) Col. 2 
 
 The cloak makers-both men and women — claim they are 
 wretchedly underpaid, and are trying to strengthen 
 their union so that they can strike with some show of 
 success. The women — 2,000 of \ihom are employed in this 
 trade— have organized a branch union. They have no 
 grievance against the employers, but say that the con- 
 tractors or 'sweaters' are grinding them under their 
 heels, and, while making large profits themselves, 
 scarcely pay them enough wages to keep body and soul 
 together. " Page 1 
 
 — Chicago Evening Journal . May 12. (IC) Col. 6 
 
 Por the past three weeks the Cloakmakers' Union has 
 been admitting female employes, and . . . sixty new 
 names were added, making in all some 200." Page 1 
 
 — Chicago Sunday Globe . May 25. (IC) Col. 6
 
 AMALS OF LABOR MD INDUSTRY IN ILLINOIS; 1890 213 
 
 CONTRASTING ATTITUDES IN TH2 COAL STRIKE 
 
 "Pana, 111. , May 21, — {Special ) A riot occurred "be- May 21 
 tween the striking coal miners and those who have been 
 working in the Pennwell pit this evening as the work- 
 ingmen were going to their homes. Men, women, and 
 children engaged in the melee. " Page 2 
 
 — Chicago Tribune . May 22. (IC) Col. 7 
 
 "A queer incident in strikes occurred in the Spring- May 23 
 field, 111. , district. The mine owners were willing 
 to pay 62-| cents per ton, hut the executive committee 
 of the miners ordered a return at 60 cents. When will 
 men cease to put themselves under the control of 'com- 
 mittees' who play with them like wooden blocks on a, 
 checker board?" 
 
 — Geneseo Republic . May 23. Page 6 
 (Office of Geneseo Republic) Col. 5 
 
 WILL BUILD A PIPE ORGAN 
 
 "Hinners & Albertson received notice this morning of May 21 
 
 the acceptance of their proposal and bid to build a 
 
 fine, laxge pipe organ for the new German M, E. Church 
 
 in process of erection at Edwardsville, Illinois. The 
 
 church will be the largest and finest in Edwardsville 
 
 and the organ is also to be the largest and finest in 
 
 the city. ..." 
 
 '■ — Daily Evening Post . Pekin.May 21. Page 4 
 (Office of Pekin Daily Times ) Col. 1 
 
 SHIP BUILDING AT SOUTH CHICAGO 
 
 "A fine new dredge, the largest and most complete craft May 22 
 of the kind on the lakes, has just been completed in 
 Chicago and turned over to her owners, the Racine Dredg- 
 ing Company. Of late years Chicago shipyards have only 
 turned out the smaller class of craft — tugs, yachts, 
 etc. — but in this class she has the reputation of doing
 
 214 AMALS OF LABOR AM) lypUSTRY IN ILLINOIS; 1890 
 
 her work well. The Chicago River is too narrow to ad- 
 mit of the launching of large vessels. A new ship- 
 yard and drydock company has "been incorporated, how- 
 ever, with a site on the Calumet River, and the pros- 
 pect is that Chicago will soon make some sort of repu- 
 tation for the "building of large craft. Indeed, this 
 new company already has contracts for the construction 
 of two steel steamers for the Minnesota company, and 
 they are to cost $250,000 each, and will he as large 
 as any on the lakes. There are two great dry-docks in 
 connection with this yard. ..." Rage 2 
 
 — Chicago Times . May 22. (ICN) Col. 5 
 
 THE MONARCH DISTILLERY 
 
 "Although the Whiskey Trust will have no use for the Mav 22 
 product of the Monarch Distillery until September, the 
 work on the hig building is going right ahead and will 
 be completed about July 1. The house will be held in 
 reserve in case anything should happen to any other of 
 the Trust houses, which is not impossible." Page 8 
 
 —Peoria Transcript . May 22. (IP) Col. 5 
 
 ILLINOIS CITIES SUBSIDIZE INDUSTRIES 
 
 "... There are towns that will pay a cash bonus to May 22 
 any bona fide factory locating; others that will give 
 free sites, and others that will subscribe stock, 
 . . •" Page 7 
 
 — Chicago Evening Post .May 22. (IC) Col. 1 
 
 "The business men of Carbondale at a meeting held at 
 Moody's Opera House on May 10 organized themselves into 
 a body for the purpose of lending their aid and voice 
 to the move now on foot to place our great natural ad- 
 vantages in a more favorable light before the people of 
 the East." Page 5 
 
 — The Leader . Marion, May 29. (iMar) Col. 1
 
 Ml<i.kLS OF IA3GR AIT) INDUSTRY IN ILLINOIS: 1890 215 
 
 "A New England cutlery comp.'\ny v/ants to locate in some 
 western city. It employs from 100 to 300 hands. 
 Mostly men who can earn good wages. If we had some 
 organization for the purpose of investigating the 
 claims of manufacturing concerns nu.ch mifht "be done. 
 Aa it stands two or three men of Elgin are expected to 
 do all that is done to induce industries to locate 
 here. " Page 4 
 
 —Elgin Daily News . May 10. Col. 2 
 (Gail Borden Puhlic Litrary) 
 
 "Messrs. Dorsey and Mann have Just received a communi- 
 cation from the Brown Tobacco Co. to the effect that if 
 the people will guarantee the "bonus of $4,000 they will 
 move their plant to this city. 
 
 ". . . It is needless to waste time enumerating the ad- 
 vantages that this company will bring us; they are too 
 manifest to need rehearsal. The opportunity is here, 
 and all that remains to be done is to raise the bonus 
 and consummate the deal. The company will bring along 
 thirty families, besides the three proprietors, for a31 
 of whom houses vfill be needed, Theri.3 will be about one 
 hundred and fifty extra hands needed, who will be chosen 
 from the residents here. ..." Page 4 
 
 — Alton Sentinel-Democrat (editorial) May 15. (lU) Col. 2 
 
 POLICE EEW.iRDED BY IRON WORKS 
 
 "The Malleable Iron Works Company has presented Lieut. May 25 
 Beck and men of the Hinnan street station with a check 
 for $100 in acknowledgment of their services during 
 the recent strike. The money will be given to the Po- 
 licemens' Benevolent Association." Page 4 
 
 — Chicago glob e. May 23. (IC) Col. 6 
 
 TROUBLE WITH THE SAILORS 
 
 "The schooner Lake Forest had trouble with the sailors May 23 
 yesterday. She was going for wet cedar and the men
 
 AMALS OF LABOR AND INDUSTRY IN ILLINOIS; 1890 
 
 asked $1.75 a day. The captain refused to pay this fig- 
 ure and the men left him. He then shipped another crew 
 and was going to give them $1.75, "but the men, learning 
 of the trouble with the old crew, all left the vessel. 
 The captain then went to union headq-oarters and offered 
 $2 per day for men, "but refused to take his old crew. 
 This would not do, and the union refused to furnish 
 men. It is asserted that the captain then shipped four 
 laboring men, one of them with a tin pail in his hand, 
 and went out with them as sailors." Page 6 
 
 — Chicago Times . May 24. (ICN) Col. 4 
 
 IRON WATSR PIPES REPLACED BY LEAD 
 
 "The days of iron water service pipe are numhered in May 22 
 this city. Nearly all water patrons are replacing the 
 iron pipes "by lead as fast as they are compelled to 
 make repairs. The iron will not stand the artesian 
 water any length of time." 
 
 — G-eneseo Repuhlic . May 23. Page 8 
 (Office of Genes 80 Repuhlic ) Col,.-. -1. 
 
 MIGRATION TO THE CITY DEPLORED 
 
 "... The Forreston Herald: . . . 'This town is May 23 
 fast hecoming depopulated of young men. At lease half 
 a dozen left for Rockford this week, and more are to 
 follow. They ... go there ... to find employment 
 in Rockford' s numerous factories. 
 
 "' . . . If we wish to retain any young hlood in our 
 midst, we must establish manufacturing enterprises. 
 
 "' . . . Agricultural pursuits are already carried on 
 on Main street lots where once stood prosperous bus- 
 iness houses. It is a shame for a town with three 
 railroads centering in it to thus fall away.'" Fage 1 
 
 — Milledeeville Free Press . May 23, (lU) Col. 5
 
 ANNALS OF LABOR AND INDUSTRY IN ILLINOIS: 1890 
 
 .212. 
 
 THE PROBLET^ OF PERISHABLE FREIGHT 
 
 "Shippers of perishable goods will have to do their own May 23 
 icing in Chicago. The Central Traffic Association has 
 decided that no road may do more than re-ice when neces- 
 sary for the preservation of the property in transit." Page 7 
 --■Chicago Evening Post , May 23, (IC) Col. 5 
 
 A switchmen's strike caused an acute shortage of fruits 
 andw-otables on South Water street. A temporary set- 
 tlement restored old price levels. Page 1 
 — Chicago Evening Post , May 24. (IC) Col. 3 
 
 CHICAGO'S MILK BUSINESS 
 "The enormous capital employed in the milk business of May 
 
 Chicago will surprise very many of our readers, as well 
 as the great resources of supply and immense annual 
 sales. . . . There are over 1,400 milk dealers in 
 Chicago J running 3,000 wagons and as many milk routes. 
 The annual amount of license paid exceeds $30,000, this 
 amount collected establishing and sustaining a regular 
 inspection of quality of article soldo" Page 28 
 
 --^ Chicago Times , May 25. (ICN) Col. 1 
 
 KINSLEY'S WAITERS INDIGNANT OVER CONTRACT 
 
 "The waiters are highly indignant over the . . . con- May 25 
 tract lately brought ijto use by H. M. Kinsley" by the 
 terms of which the employe must declare that he is not 
 a member of a Ip.bor union and will not, vAiile in the 
 employ of Kinsley, join any such group. He must also 
 agree to forfeit wages due him if he leaves the employ, 
 of Kinsley without giving notice of his intention to 
 do so. Page 5 
 
 — Chicago Times, May 26. (ICN) Col. 3 
 
 "The waiters have been kept quite busy during the past 
 week. They have won a notable victory for their craft.
 
 ;18 j^mALS OF LABOR AND INDUSTRY Hi ILLINOIS: 1890 
 
 "Every restaurant and lunch house of consequence in the 
 city except Kinsley's has signed the scale. The lat- 
 ter place refuses to recognize the union, but will 
 'treat with its help as individuals'. ..." Page 8 
 
 — Rights cf Labor , Chicago, May 24. (ICJ)Gol. 2 
 
 SECTION CREW STRIKES AT iVlATTOON 
 
 "One hundred Illinois Central track laborers went on a May 26 
 strike at Mattoon Monday. They were receiving $1.20 
 per day, and demand i^il.bO. The officials offered 
 ^1.35, but they have not shown any disposition to ac- 
 cept. One- third of the force are Italians, boarded in 
 cars on a temporary siding south of the city, but most 
 of the force reside in Mattoon." Page 1 
 
 — Champaign Daily Gazette j May 27. (lU)Col. 3 
 
 WOOLEN COl^AM INSTALLS KNITTING MACHINES 
 
 "Ten of the new knitting machines v;ere started Tuesday May 27 
 in the Piasa Woolen Mills. It is the intention of the 
 company to have about fifty of these in operation ere 
 the summer is over, as it is thought there will be no 
 difficulty in finding sales for the stockings. Wool 
 is wanted at the mills now, and the highest market 
 price will be paid for all that is brought in." Page 4 
 —Alton Sentinel-Democrat, May 29. (lU) Col. 1 
 
 BAlNl ON CONTRACT LABOR UPHELD 
 
 "The Carpenters' Council is much pleased by Secretary May 29 
 Windom' s decision vjith regard to imported men. The 
 Secretary holds that persons who advertise in foreign 
 papers for laborers to come to this country at a stated P-g;- 1 
 rate of wages and afterward employ those who reply to Col. 6 
 the advertisement violate the alien contract labor law. 3 o' cl. 
 ..." —Chicago Mail, May 29. (ION) Edition
 
 AHMLS OF LABOR AM INDUSTRY IN ILLINOIS: 1890 219 
 
 Tv.'elve contract laborers who had arrived from Europe 
 to t-ake tho placs of striking Chicago carpsntars -flfsre 
 dGport3d. Pngo 1 
 
 —Sunday Inter Ocean . Chicago, May 11. (IC) Col.. 2 
 
 Builders -.vere said to have advertised in Toronto for 
 men, and to have committed other violations of the la\7. Pago 1 
 — Chica.-o Glohe . May 28. (IC) Col. 1 
 
 FRAITCES WILI/Jffi OBSERVES SWEATSHOPS 
 
 "Fr,anc3s E. Willard, in her Vv'alks about Chicago, has L'ay 29 
 discovered women who make shirts for 75 cents a dozen 
 and furnish their own thread. She also finds children 
 working twelve hotirs a day for a dollar a week." Pago 4 
 —Journal of the Knights of Labor . Phila. ,May 29. (ICJ) Col. 3 
 
 THE QUESTION OF .^J'PRENTICESHIPS 
 
 Three Chicago ne'vsboys , although guilty of no misde- May 29 
 meanor, were arrested and confined in the Bridewell 
 at their own request, because it was impossible for 
 them to learn a trade in any other way. The fore- 
 going item, which appeared in The Chicago Journal 
 of Commerce , occasioned the v;riting of a le.aflat en- 
 titled, "A Disgrace to Civilization." 
 
 "As the Journal of Commerce was upon the subject of a 
 disgrace to civilization, -.vhy did it not give its opin- 
 ion of the social conditions under \7hich men who have 
 mastered trades and are willing to work at them are 
 unable to find employment, as is the case in nearly 
 every branch of labor todayf What contemptible hypoc- 
 risy to be bewailing the sad condition of young Ameri- 
 cans debarred from learning trades, while thousands of 
 skilled workmen ijiay vainly seek for bread v/ithout a 
 word of sympathy or a single plea for justice from the 
 hireling press. " Eage 2 
 
 — Journal of the Knights of Labor . Phila. ,May 29. (ICJ) Col. 1
 
 320 AMALS OF LABOR XSL INDUSTRY IN ILLINOIS: 1890 
 
 NICKELS EY3D BY PHONOGRAPH ICEN 
 
 "The state agents of the North American Phonograph May 29 
 Company continued their convention yesterday at the Au- 
 ditorium. ... At the afternoon session there was 
 a long discussion regarding the 'nickel-in-the-slot' 
 machines which have not yet heen generally placed 
 upon the market with the phonographic attachment." Page 3 
 — Chicago Herald . May 30. (IC) Col. 4 
 
 A THOUS.WD CLOAK JAAKSRS IDLE 
 
 "The strike which has heen in progress for three weeks MaV 30 
 among the cloak makers has heretofore heen confined to 
 Branch 1 of the union. Yesterdry it extended to Branch 
 2, so that 600 men are now out, and as this will also 
 throw out of work ahout four hxindred finishers, fully 
 one thousand men are idle. " Page 7 
 
 — Daily Inter Ocean , Chicago, May 30. (IC) Col. 3 
 
 STATUS OF THE WAITERS' STRIKE 
 
 "The University Cluh, Lansing & McGarigle, and C F. May 30 
 Gunther yesterday signed the agreement of the Culinary 
 Alliance. The Union League, Chicago and Iroquois cluhs 
 are still holding out, and as they have large forces of 
 men at work, they are experiencing little or no trouble. "Page 3 
 — Chicago Herald . May 21. (IC) Col. 4 
 
 EAST ST, LOUIS LIVE-STOCK RECEIPTS FOR MAY 
 
 "At the East St. Louis National Stockyards, rec3ipts May 31 
 for the month of Hay, 1890, amounted to 44,121 cattle, 
 104,921 hogs, and 31,662 sheep, against 27,029 cattle, 
 84,598 hogs and 38,997 sheep during May, 1889. ..." Page 4 
 — East St. Louis Daily Journal . June 4. (lEa) Col. 4
 
 AimALS OF LABOR AND INDUSTBY IN ILLINOIS: 1890 521 
 
 WHY BUILD THE :ANAL7 
 
 "If the Governinsnt builds the Hennepin Canal the ques- May 31 
 tion comes up, What will it do with it? Boats cannot, 
 if "built up to the proposed capacity, pass from the 
 canal into either the -Mississippi or Illinois Eiver. 
 It will "be a kind of inland pond, without inlet or out- 
 let, principally valuable as a breeding place for bull- 
 heads and kivers." Page 3 
 — G-alesbure Republican-Register . May 31. (IG) Col. 3 
 
 Newspapers in the vicinity of the canal favored its 
 construction. Opened in 1907, it has never been a 
 commercial success, and was practically abandoned af- 
 ter thirty years. — Editor. 
 
 HORSESHCERS' OTION GIVES RECEPTION 
 
 "The Journeymen Horseshoers' Union gave a reception May 31 
 to the returning delegates from their national con- 
 vention recently held at Cleveland, 0. Th6 festivi- 
 ties took place at Freiberg's Hall. About 300 couples 
 were present. The grand march was gracefully headed 
 by Charles Huskins and Miss Maggie Murname. ..." Page 16 
 — Chicago Times . June 1. (IGN) Col. 1 
 
 L4KE COMMERCE FOR MAY 
 
 During May, 1,240 vessels arrived in Chicago harbor, May 31 
 bringing immense quantities of coal, lumber, ice, 
 wood, posts, and general merchandise. "Transportation 
 during the month has been the cheapest in the whole his- 
 tory of lake navigation. It is discovered tha1» the 
 cheap rates of carrying don't induce increased ship- 
 ments and that they don't help the farmer in the least. 
 Shippers and all hands want uniform rates rather than 
 ruinously low rates, " Page 2 
 
 —Chicago Times , June 3. (ICN) Col. 5
 
 AMALS OF LABOR AMD INDUSTRY IN ILLINOIS: 1890 225 
 
 HARNESS MAKERS LOCKED OUT: THEIR EARNINGS 
 
 "One week ago yesterday the horse collar makers June 1 
 in the employ of J. B. Schott Saddlery Co. were 
 locked out. The men claimed that they were not 
 locked out hecause fault was found with a new 
 machine which had teen introduced into the shop. 
 . . . The Collar Makers' Union had decided to 
 make a move for eight hours a day instead of ten. 
 . . . when the company got wind of it and locked 
 them out. . . . The Trades and Labor Assemhly has 
 indorsed their action and will lend the locked-out 
 collar makers much aid." Page 5 
 
 — Qwinqy S^day Herajld. . Jtme 8. (IQ?I) Col. 3 
 
 "Chicago harness makers average $8.53. Many firms 
 have granted $10 as the lowest for stitchers and 
 $12 for fitters." Page 6 
 
 — The Tailor . N=w York, June. (ICJ) Col. 4 
 
 CHARGE BOSS CARPEITERS VIOLATE ALIEN LABOR LAW 
 
 "Some of the prominent members of the old Carpen-' June 2 
 ters' and Builders' Association may be arrested 
 very soon for violating the alien contract-labor 
 law. Andrew J. Lester, special agent for the treas- 
 ury, spent three weeks investigating the matter, and 
 the Congressional committee heard some very sensa- 
 tional testimony on the subject. , . . President 
 Goldie admitted before the Congressional committee 
 that the special committee of his association adver- 
 tised in Canadian papers for carpenters, directing 
 them to apply at the association's headquarters. Page 5 
 Very similar acts have been held to be a violation Col, 3 
 of the law. " 11 o'cl, 
 
 — Chicaeo Daily News . June 2. (ICN) Edition 
 
 "Yesterday, the federal inspectors, Lester and Stitch, 
 sent to federal Secretary Windom a report, containing 
 the material gathered against the Building Exchange,
 
 P,?A AMALS OF LABOR AND INDUSTRY IN ILLINOIS: 1890 
 
 accused of importing workers under contract from 
 Canada. Some time during the coming week a decision 
 will be made, whether there are gro-jnds for federal 
 prosecution of the Exchange. The employment of 
 J. F. Phelan is the first violation to he prosecuted. 
 The latter read the Building Exchange's advertise- 
 ment in the Toronto G-lobe . After inquiring, he 
 received the following telegram from Mr. G-oldie: 
 'The strike is ended. Come here. You will get work 
 and wages from 35 to 40. ' 
 
 "This telegram is in tho hands of the federal men." 
 
 — Illinois Staats-Zeitung . Chicago Page 2 
 (trans.) June 7. (IC) Col. 3 
 
 "The Carpenters and Builders' Association will have 
 its hands full in defending the cases which it is 
 said will he "begun against its members by the Treas- 
 ury Department. It is said that over fifty cases 
 of the violation of the contract labor law are 
 already in the hands of Special Agent Stitch. . . . 
 
 "It has recently corns to the knowledge of Agent 
 Stitch that 200 men have come here from Canada in 
 answer to advertisements inserted in the newspapers 
 by the Boss Association. These men have expressed 
 willingness to appear against their former smployers, 
 and will be used as witnesses for the government. 
 
 "The Carpenters' Council has been co-operating with Fage 4 
 
 Agents Stitch and Lester in ferreting out derelict Col. 4 
 
 bosses. ..." 11 o'cl. 
 
 — Chicago Daily i-ews . June 18. (ICN) Edition 
 
 EI'fl>LOYh'EOT FOR BLIND 
 
 "A movement has been started to establish a work- June 2 
 shop in which the blind may be employed and become 
 
 self-supporting. There are said to be 600 blind Page 5 
 
 persons in Chicago, at least two-thirds of whom Col. 3 
 
 would enter such an institution. ..." 11 o'cl. 
 
 — Chicago Daily News . June 2. (ICN) Edition
 
 A:-r".4X5 OF Lscn .v.ro iuustry i'j Illinois: lego 225 
 
 GAS MOTOR FOH STREET R^ilLWAY SERVICE 
 
 ". . . It is constructed on purely mechanical June 
 
 principles and is said to consume but ten gallons 
 
 of naphtha in as many hours, and has an eight-horse 
 
 power. The experimdnt was witnessed hy a large 
 
 number of citizens, and, from a casual view of a 
 
 Times reporter, is a success. A trailer was carried 
 
 comfortably loaded, and an average speed of trwelve 
 
 miles per hour could be made with very little 
 
 trouble, ..." 
 
 — Chicago Times . June 3. (ICN) Col. 
 
 ILLINOIS COL&KTiaTIES ADOPT ELECTRIC STREET LIGHTING 
 
 "A proposition from the Jenny Electric Light Company June 3 
 offering to furnish sixty-six lights of 2,000 can- 
 dle power each, to burn till 1 o'clock A. i.I. for 
 $478.12 per month, or the same number of lights to 
 burn till 3 A. :.I. for $632.72 per month, was read by 
 Aid. Wilson of the Gas and Light Committee, and on 
 motion was raf erred to the Gas and Light Committee, 
 who will report a"t the naxt regular meeting. ..." 
 
 — Daily Evening Post . Pekin, June 3. Page 4 
 (Office of Pekin Daily Times) Col. 3 
 
 "Genesee's electric light company contracts to fur- 
 nish 32-c,andle-powar street lights in that place for 
 $18 per year each." Page 1 
 
 — Kawanee Courier , June 4. (IK) Col. 2 
 
 "Collinsville, 111. — Our home Electric Light Com- 
 pany is now on the eve of erecting their plant; which 
 will not only bo a boon for the public, but also a 
 boon for our city. They have already contracted for 
 a 75-hoTse-power Russell engine, and also with th3 
 Excelsior Company for a 750-light Slaughtery dynamo. 
 . . ." _ Page 5 
 
 — Alton Sentinel-Damocr.a,t . June 5. (lU) Col, 4
 
 286. AiniALS OF LABOR AM INDUSTRY IN ILLINOIS; 1890 
 
 "The &eneseo Electric Light Company has closed a con- 
 tract with the SdisO-n Company to put in the plant 
 here . . . .With the system using alternating cur- 
 rent there is liability of accident and death from 
 persons and animals coming in contact with broken 
 wires from which the current has not been shut off. 
 A broken wire of the Edison system is as harmless 
 as a tow string. " 
 
 — Genqseo I^public . June 6. Page 8 
 (Office of aeneseo Hemblic) Col. 2 
 
 A FLOATING PALACE 
 
 The side-wheeler, City of Chicago, just added to the June 5 
 Graham & Morton Line, arrived in the city yester- 
 day. "Though the hull is built of heavy plate steel, 
 when coaled the new steamer draws but seven and a 
 half feet of water. She will be a speedy craft. 
 She has 1,600 horse power, and it is expected that 
 ste will make the round trip between Chicago and 
 St. Joseph in a day. . . . The cost of the City of 
 Chicago has been $250,000. . , . Three hundred elec- 
 tria lights are used on the boat, the dynamo being 
 driven by a Ball engine with an 8 x 10 cylinder." Page 7 
 —Chicago Times . June 4, (ICN) Col. 3 
 
 A BAKERS' STRIKE 
 
 Rebelling against twelve to twenty hours' work a day, 
 
 Q,uJiicy bakers are striking for ten hours, with a pos- 
 sibility of twelve on Saturdays. "Not a fev; have been 
 
 compelled to sleep in the shops! What do you think of 
 that, bread eaters? ..." Page 3 
 
 — Cuincv Herald . June 3. (IQN) Col. 1
 
 ATOALS OF LABOR A!T3 INDUSTRY IH ILLINOIS; 1890 22i. 
 
 MINERS LOSE THEIR FIGHT 
 
 "Peoria, 111., Jxme 3. — After a stmg^jle of six weeks 
 the striking coal miners practically acknowledged 
 their defeat this morning. Several of the strikers 
 applied for work at the mines. More men are willing 
 to work than can now secure employment. Lack of 
 financial support hastened the end of the strike. It 
 is conceded hy the miners that the strike failure here 
 leaves them no hope of gaining at other places, as 
 this was the center of the competitive field." Page 2 
 — Chicago Herald . June 4. (iC) Col. 4 
 
 OIL AS FUEL FOUND SATISFACTORY 
 
 Expansion of the Standard Oil Company in and near June 4 
 Chicago is attracting attention to the use of petro- 
 leum as fuel. A mem"ber of the firm of Dolese & 
 Shepard says: "'We are using oil exculusivaly at 
 our works, whsre we have five toilers in operation, 
 and find it to be the most satisfactory fuel of any 
 we have yet tried. It does away with ashes, smoke, 
 and dust, lightens the work of the engineer, hesides 
 dispensing with the services of a fireman altogether. ' 
 . . ." Pa-e 3 
 
 —Chicago Times . June 4, (ICN) Col. 4 
 
 A Times writer reports in glowing terms his ohserva- 
 tions on visits to the Phoenix and the Shufeldt dis- 
 tilleries, where fuel oil has supplanted coal. He 
 prophesies that other manufacturers will follow this 
 example. Page 2 
 
 —Chicago Times . J\ine 7. (ICN) Col. 4 
 
 CRACKER TRUST COMES TO CHICAGO 
 
 "The cracker trust has its grip on Chicago, and is June 4 
 preparing for the erection of a mammoth factory as 
 large almost as the great "building the trust has 
 begun building in New York, which will have a capacity
 
 22R AMALS OF LABOR AND INDUSTRY IN ILLINOIS; 1890 
 
 of absorlDing 1,000 "barrels of flour into crackers 
 each day. ..." 
 
 The Kennedy biscuit factory and other property at Page 1 
 
 Desplaines and Washington streets will he the site Col. 1 
 
 of the $600,000 plant. 5 o'cl. 
 
 — Chicago tfail . June 11. (ICN) Edition 
 
 HOME FOR SELF-SUPPORTING WOMEN 
 
 "The home for self-supporting women was opened for June 4 
 the inspection of ths public for the first time yes- 
 terday. The two houses at 275 Indiana street were 
 bought by this society some time ago, and, after 
 undergoing a thorough remodeling and fitting up, 
 make a pretty and comfortable home for those that 
 ar-3 in need of such a place. The special feature of 
 the home is the laundry, of which the ladies of the 
 society feel very proud. At present there are about 
 sixty women at the home and it can accommodate eighty. 
 The prices of board vary, according to the location 
 of the rooms. ..." Page 5 
 
 — Chicago Times . June 5. (ICN) Col. 3 
 
 CLOAK MAKERS STILL OUT; ANNAL EARNINGS $300 
 
 "There are about 1,200 clock makers still out on strike. June 
 This comprises 250 operators, 275 tailors, and about 
 500 finishers, all union men. . . Not a machine was 
 running nor a garment being made in this city by non- 
 union men. . . . There are but seven manufacturers of 
 clocks in this city, and with three of these the union 
 has settled and has fifty men at work. These men pay 
 60 cents of their earnings to the union. In addition, 
 the union has a fund and aid is coming in from New 
 York. The demands of the union are ten hours' work 
 and that no apprentices shall be allowed until May, 
 1891, and that union men only be employed.
 
 AIJ^IALS OF LABOR AI'ID Il-IDUSTHY IF ILLINOIS; 1890 
 
 "There wors but seven months' work during the year, 
 and the very "best men did not make over $500, while 
 the majority earned but $1^00. ..." 
 
 — Chicag(5 2>7ening Post . June 4. (IC) 
 
 Page 
 Col. 
 
 CABINET I.L/UGRS WIN STRIKE 
 
 "The strike of the cabinet makers at A. H, Revell 
 & Co. 's furniturs factory was settled this after- 
 noon by the firm conceding the demands of the men. 
 
 "Hereafter when cabinet makers from this shop are 
 sent on outside work they will receive 35 cents per 
 hour and will work only eight hours per day. ..." 
 —Chicago Mail . June 4. (ICN) 
 
 June 4 
 
 Page 1 
 Col. 7 
 5 o' cl. 
 Edition 
 
 Tlfffl-HECOETING CLOCK INSTALLED 
 
 "A nev/ tine clock is going into the shops noT? and all June 5 
 the men will have to get a hustle on themselves and 
 get there on tir.e or they v/ill be docked the time 
 they lose. " Page 1 
 
 — The Independent , Kewanee, June 5. (IK) Col. 4 
 
 PLAI3T ACQUIRED FOR STOKER ii41>TIFACTLTlING 
 
 "The- real estate and manufacturing plant of the 
 Cragin Ivlanufacturing Company at Cragin has just been 
 sold. The purchaser is the Westinghouse interest. 
 . . . The firm will utilize the plant to manufactvire 
 mechanical stokers. It is understood that 300 men 
 will be put to work at once and 1,000 within a few 
 months. ..." 
 
 — Chicago Daily News . June 5. (ICN) 
 
 June 
 
 Page 1 
 Col. 1 
 11 o'cl. 
 Edition
 
 ?30 ANNALS OF LABOR AJTD INDUSTRY IN ILLINOIS: 1890 
 
 THE BRICK TRUST 
 
 "A pressed "brick trust came strolling into Chicago June 5 
 
 recently in the shape of some half-dozen fat 
 
 St. Louis capitalists. They represented the St. Louis 
 
 Hydraulic Pressed Brick Company. After lingering 
 
 around for a short time they went out to Porter, Ind. , 
 
 where are located the 'ff. E. Hinchliff Company of 
 
 Chicago, which turns out annually something like 
 
 5,000,000 pressed tricks; the Purin^ton-Kim'bell 
 
 Pressed-Brick Company, also of Chlc;a'5o. -.vhich makes 
 
 yearly 4,000,00 "bricks, and Thomas Moulding, whose 
 
 plant produces in the s.ame time 2, 500; 000 "bricks. 
 
 "The men from the Missouri village made no offer for 
 the plants, hut quietly "bought up all the clay "banks 
 in the vicinity, and then, calling upon the astoimded 
 "brickmakers , spake in this wise: 
 
 "'If you want to sell, >':e'll huy, "but we pay no fancy 
 price. Things are coming our way and it's no use 
 kicking. ' 
 
 "Their reasoning was powerful, and in the end they pur- 
 chased the three yards, getting for $150,000 property 
 which was worth fully $250,000. 
 
 "The Anderson Pressed Brick Company didn't sell out. 
 Th^ simply affiliated, and went on making hrick. 
 
 "The trust has the "bulge on its rivals and claims to 
 be a'ble to produce hrick at from $5 to $8 per thousand 
 cheaper than any other concern. Their hydraulic sys- 
 tem is patented, and they control the manufacture of 
 the machinery and will not sell to outsiders." Page 3 
 
 —Chicago Times . June 5. (ICN) Col. 6 
 
 "The fact is that pressed hrick never sold as cheap 
 in Chicago as it is selling today, and that it is 
 cheaper in Chicago than in any tov;n in the country. 
 What gave color to the story of a trust was the organ-
 
 AMALS OF LABOR Al'IT INDUSTHY IF ILLINOIS; 1890 231 
 
 ization of the Hydraulic Press Brick Company. The 
 Chicago pressed "brick man-ufacturers have long fought 
 a competitor called the Hj'-draulic Press Brick Com- 
 pany of St. Louis. . . . The three Porter, Ind. , 
 companies were fighting each other and making no 
 money. The St. Louis company met them with a 
 proposition to form the Chicago Hydraulic Press 
 Brick Company. They accepted the proposition. . . ,' 
 -- Chicago Tribune , June 3, (ICU) 
 
 MANUTACTURE OF MAIZE OIL BEGINS 
 
 "Oil from corn is one of the latest of the products June 6 
 
 which modern science every now and then throws upon 
 
 the world. . . . The new material is of a pale 
 
 yellow, somewhat thicker than either the olive or 
 
 cotton seed oil, and does not seem to he readily 
 
 available as a substitute for them, "but it is well 
 
 adapted for lu"bricating purposes, and may "be used 
 
 for a salad dressing. " 
 
 — Ceneseo Repu"blic .June 6. Page 6 
 (office of Geneseo Repu"blic) Col. 5 
 
 LABOR OPPOSES MEE2ITT LAW 
 
 "The private detective agency 'sweat"box' will pro"b- June 6 
 a"bly "be an issue in the legislative campaign of next 
 fall. The views of the nominees for the State Sen- 
 ate and the House of Representatives on the question 
 qf private detective agencies and the Merritt con- 
 spiracy law will "be the test which shall determine Page 1 
 whether or not the la"bor organizations will support Col, 5 
 the candidates. ..." 3 o'cl. 
 
 — Chicago Mail . June 6. (ICN) Edition 
 
 CHICAGO SUBWAY PLANS AIOOUNCED 
 'The ordinance of the Chicago Arcade Rapid Transit June 6
 
 ?.?,?. AMALS OF U\BOR AJTO INDUSTRY IN ILLINOIS: 1890 
 
 Railway Company was introduced at the last Council 
 meeting by Alderman Cullerton. . . . The ordinance 
 gr.ants the privilege of huilding an underground and 
 elevated road, with not to exceed three tracks. The 
 main line is to commence at some point east of Fifth 
 avenue, betYTeen Harrison and Madison streets, on 
 land purchased, condemned, or otherwisa secured, and 
 is to cross' the river to the Wsst Side hy a tunnel. 
 The motive power is to "be equipped with all modern 
 devices to render it noiseless and smokeless, and the 
 road is to be used exclusively for mails and passen- 
 gers, with 5 cents for ths highest fare." -Page 3 
 —Chicago H°rald . June 6. (IC) Col. 1 
 
 Construction on the State street subway was commenced 
 Decembar 19, 1938.— Sd. 
 
 ACCOMPLI SHiCEl^S OF THE CULINARY ALLIANCE June 6 
 
 Page 1 
 
 "The Culinary Alliance is now devoting its attention '^°-'-* ^ 
 
 to better organization. ..." 5 o cl. 
 
 — Chicago Daily News . June 6. (ICN) Edition 
 
 "The Culinary Alliance is resting on its laurels. 
 Secretary Parker said today that of the 260 men 
 called out from the Palmer House, Commercial Hotel, 
 Stein's, Kinsley's, and French's restaurants, not more 
 than fifty were now unemployed. . . . The labors of 
 the Alliance, Mr. Parker said, have shortened the Page 1 
 working day of more than 2,000 waiters in Chicago and Col. 3 
 added almost $100,000 yearly to their earnings. '. . . " 5 o'cl. 
 — Chicago Mail . June 9. (ICN) Edition 
 
 CHICAGO'S NEW SHIPYARDS 
 
 "Luther Allen, of the Globe Iron Works Ship Building 
 Compojny, Cleveland, has arrived in Chicago to look 
 after the new shipyard and drydocks in course of
 
 AMALS OF LABOR AND INDUSTRY IN ILLINOIS: 1890 
 
 253 
 
 construction here. The company is locating an ex- 
 tensive plant at 0^6 Hundred and First street, and 
 already have contracts for the huilding there of two 
 
 monster steel steamers for the Minnesota company. 
 n 
 
 — Chicago Times . June 7. (ICN) 
 
 Page 3 
 Col. 1 
 
 DINNER-PAIL AVENUE 
 
 "On the Northwest Side of Chic^o for nearly four 
 miles there is an avenue which morning and night pre- 
 sents a crowded thoroughfare. Milwaukee avenue, or 
 as it is more popularly called, 'Dinner-Pail avenue,' 
 lies through a section of the city where thousands of 
 our sturdy toilers reside. At the close of the day, 
 from 5 to 7, there is a constant jam of jpsn and women 
 returning home from their work. Although every avail- 
 able standing place is utilized on Baron Yerkes' street 
 cars, the crowd en the sidewalk remains. 
 
 June 7 
 
 "When a site is selected for the World's Fair, it is 
 to he hoped it will he where our coming visitors may 
 see this inspiring sight of the source of a large part 
 of our wealth. There may he seen a cosmopolitan crowd 
 from every part of Europe , and through the hahel of 
 tongues there may he discerned tomes which might and 
 should interest the bystander. Old men with totter- 
 ing limhs, with careworn faces, seedy or ragged cloth- 
 ing, are seen plodding on mile after mile to save the 
 nickel requisite for carfare; the mother, with anxious 
 face, whose thoughts may he on those awaiting her com- 
 ing; the bevy of shop girls gaily laughing, and whose 
 lack of adornment shows their honesty; the children 
 who walk sedately as if their little limhs had lost 
 the spring of childhood — all may he seen over and 
 over again. And on every side the inevitable dinner 
 pail, or lunch box. ..." 
 
 — Rights of Labor . Chicago, June 7. (ICL) 
 
 Page 
 Col.
 
 2.-^4 A-'TNALS OF LABOR AI'ID ITOUSTRY IN ILLINOIS: 1890 
 
 BOSS CARPEJ'JTERS CONTItJUE RESISTANCE 
 
 "The carpenters are having a lively time just now, June 7 
 Having utterly failed so far to make any inroads into 
 the splendid organization that has been maintained "by 
 the Carpenters' Council, the old Bosses' Associa- 
 tion, under the lead of the notorious Goldie, at the 
 ■beginning of the week commenced a new line of tactics. 
 Warrants were sworn out "by the wholesale. . . . Men 
 have "been arrested five and six times on the same 
 charge. Consta'bles have "been employed to annoy the 
 carpente'rs "by arresting them at midnight, when they 
 would have no opportunity to give "bond, so that they 
 might "be humiliated "by "being placed in prison over 
 night. The charges against them range from intimida- 
 tion to conspiracy and attempt to murder, the consist- 
 ency of the complaints usually "being as elastic as 
 the 'social organization' to which they "belong. ..." Page 9 
 — Rights of Lahor . Chicago, June 7. (ICJ) Col. 1 
 
 "The old- Boss Carpenters' Association of Chicago is 
 fighting a desperate, ill-tempered, last-ditch sort 
 of fight , "but the men are holding firm and will win 
 to a certainty if properly supported. The appeal to 
 the Order is "being no"bly responded to, and the Knights 
 of Labor carpenters are fully prepared to do their 
 share of the fighting; hut it is to "be regretted 
 that other loudly promised help is not forthcoming. 
 Contri"butions from some much-hragged-a"bout 'surpluses 
 in the treasury' are much needed in Chicago, A sur- 
 plus that is only good to boast about is not good 
 for much. " Page 2 
 
 — Journal. Knights of Labor . Phila. , June 12. (ICJ) Col. 4 
 
 "The legal war between the old Boss Carpenters' 
 Association and the Carpenters' Union began in ear- 
 nest yesterday. From 2 o'clock till nearly 6 
 Justice Brayton was kept busy calling, dismissing, 
 and continuing cases against striking carpenters 
 who were accused of intimidating and assaulting non- 
 union men. . . . Mr. Goldie changed his position 
 many times during the proceedings, particularly when 
 his witnesses made adjnissions tending to show that 
 the Bosses' Association's methods of obtaining evi- 
 dence were peculiar, to say the least. ..." Page 4 
 — Chica^-o Globe . June 7. (IC) Col. 3
 
 MNALS OF LABOR .OP INDUSTRY IN ILLINOIS; 1890 
 
 235 
 
 LABOR'S POLITICAL HOVSiffiKTS 
 
 "The Democratic and Republican parties 7.111 hnye a June 
 vigorous rival in the field during the coming fall 
 elections — a Simon-pure People's party, engineered 
 principally ty old-time lahor leaders. . . . 
 
 "The "basis of the new party will he absolute inde- 
 pendence of either the Democratic or Republican 
 party. ..." Page 
 
 — Rights of Labor . Chicago, June 7. (ICJ) Col. 
 
 "There was a decidely lively time at the meeting of 
 the 7th ward Democrats last evening in Rochester Hall. 
 . . . G-en. Liab delivered an address on the tariff, 
 local taxation, and the duty of Democrats to the party. 
 His argument was not Questioned, but when he said that 
 the men v.'ho 7/ere attempting to organize an independent 
 labor movement were in the pay of the Republican party Page 1 
 and had Republican money in their pockets, exceptions Col. 3 
 were taken which threatened a disturbance. ..." 12 o'cl. 
 — Chicago Daily News . June 11. (ICN) Edition 
 
 NEW BUSINESS VENTURES 
 
 "Columbian Sewing Machine Attachment Company, at 
 Chicago; to manufacture button-hole attachments; 
 capital stock, $100,000. 
 
 June 
 
 "Rapid City Gas Company, at Chicago; to furnish gas 
 for illuminating and heating purposes; capital stock, 
 
 $200,000. ... 
 
 "Norton Electric Boot Blacking and Novelty Manufac- 
 turing Company, at Waukegan; to manufacture boot- 
 blacking machines; capital stock, $1,000. 
 
 "Adams Company, at Chicago,, to purchase or control Page 7 
 
 patents for electric and elevated railroads; capital. Col. 3 
 
 stock, $200,000." 3 o'cl. 
 
 — Chicago Evening Journal , June 10. (IC) Edition
 
 2.-^6 ANiaLS OF LABOR AND INDUSTRY IN ILLINOIS; 1890 
 
 "Springfield, 111., June 7.— The Secretary of State 
 issued a license today to the Illinois Electric 
 Tr.ansnitter Company, at Chica^^o , to manufacture 
 Electric transmitters; capital stock, $4,000,000; 
 incorporators, William F. Shsrnan, Willian S. Brewster, 
 Stephen P. Gardner." Pace 10 
 
 —Chicago Herald.' June 8. (IC) Col. 7 
 
 CHICAGO CITY COUNCIL PASSES CHILD LABOR ORDINANCE 
 
 On April 21, 1890, the Illinois Woman's Alliance June 9 
 petitioned the Chicaf.o City Council to pass an ordi- 
 nance regulating, and in a measure prohibiting, child 
 lahor. The Judiciary Committee reported favorably, 
 and on J-une 9, 1890, the ordinance was passed. In 
 substance it provided: 
 
 1. That no child under 14 years of age he employed, 
 or allowed to work, by person, company, firm or 
 corporation at labor or service in any shop, fac- 
 tory, store, place of manufacture, business, or 
 amusement , except as hereinafter provided. 
 
 2. That children over ten years of age be given per- 
 mit to work by the Board of Education when good 
 reason is shown for need of such permit to be 
 issued. 
 
 3. That no child shall be employed without such 
 permit. 
 
 4. That employers violating the ordinance be subject 
 to fines of from $5.00 to not more than $50.00 
 for each offense. 
 
 5. That any person r.ial<:ing false statements as to 
 material matters concerning children in order to 
 evade the ordinance be subject to a fine of not 
 less than $5 nor more than $50. 
 
 — Chicar~o Co-gncil Proceedinp:s , 
 June 9. (Municipal Reference Library)
 
 A3MI-IALS OF LABOR AITD ITOUSTRY IH ILLINOIS; 1890 £22 
 
 POWER TRA^SiHSSIOlI 
 
 The Geneseo "Jews is quoted as follows: "A comprany June 11 
 has "been formed at Rock Isl.ond to utilize the vast 
 wasted energies of Sears' Lam in Rock River. It will 
 "be used to run an electric plant of vast proportions. 
 The power will "be transmitted to Rock Island "by ca"ble. 
 It is a distance of about three or four miles. Up at 
 the Lfarseilles dam in the Illinois River is a "big elec- 
 tric plant that supplies the light for Marseilles 
 and also for the "big town of Ottawa, eight miles away. 
 This transmission of electric power eight miles for 
 lighting up as "big a town as Ottavv'a is the only case 
 of the kind in the world. " Page 8 
 
 — Kewanee Courier , June 11. (IK) Col. 1 
 
 COOKS DEPLORE CONTRACT LABOR 
 
 "The Meat and Pastry Cooks' Union iTo. 1 of Chicago, at Ju-e 11 
 a meeting held June 11, passed resolutions requesting 
 Ro'bert P. Porter, Superintendent of the G-ensus , to 
 classify the cooks as a distinct class. It was de- 
 clared that no class of artisans had greater cause to 
 complain regarding the contract la'bor system than the 
 cooks. Page 7 
 
 — Daily Inter Ocean , Chicago, June 14. (IC) Col. 2 
 
 Local No. 16 of the Meat and Pastry Cooks' Union has 
 asked for a federal investigation of the alleged im- Page 7 
 portation \inder contract of alien cooks for employment Col, 4 
 in hotels and wealthy hones. Der 
 
 — Illinois Staats-Zeitung , Chicago (trans.) June 15. (lC)Westen 
 
 TO NON-UNION PAI^TTERS: JOIN THE UNION 
 
 "Building Trades Council , . . aiithorized an open June 11 
 meeting of the Painters' and Decorators' Union on 
 next Friday evening, June 13 , at . , . Painters' Hall,
 
 238 . ANNALS OF ULBOR AFP INDUSTRY IN ILLINOIS; 1890 
 
 414 Pulton street, to which all jo-arneymen painters are 
 cordially invited... After the date of this meeting no 
 excuses will "be received from non-union painters hy 
 the Trades Council." Page 8 
 
 — Peoria Transcript . June 12. (IP) Col. 5 
 
 EIGHT-HOUE DAY A CEAZE, SAYS FURNITURE MANUFACTURER 
 
 "The convention of the National Furniture Manufact- J-une 11 
 urers' Association, which was called to order at 
 11 o'clock yesterday morning in Auditorium Recital 
 Hall, has hefore it some "business of importance . . , 
 to those engaged in all "branches of industry. 
 
 President Sligh, well versed in labor problems, ad- 
 mitted that thero were grievances, "but "put himself 
 on record as opposed to the eight-hour day, which 
 he said was a craze to get something for nothing in 
 the shape of ten hours' pay for eight hours' work." Page 3 
 —Chicago Tri"bune . June 12. (IC) Col. 2 
 
 PEORIA MINERS RESUlvIE WORK 
 
 "The striking miners in the Peoria, 111. , district June 12 
 have compromised and gone to work for 67^ csnts in- 
 stead of 70 cents they struck for. This sets 2,000 
 men to work. " 
 
 — Daily Evening Post . Pekin, June 12. Page 1 
 (Office of Pekin Daily Times ) Col. 7 
 
 "The coal miners and coal operators spent yesterday 
 in getting ready to resume work, and all are happy 
 that the strike is over. Although each striker was 
 allowed $3.50 a week from his association, amny of 
 the men were getting down to "bedrock, and the fact 
 that they may now return to work will "be a great re- 
 lief to them in every way. ..." Page 6 
 — Peoria Transcript . June 13. (IP) Col. 2
 
 AKJALS OF LABOR AST) INDUSTRY IIJ ILLIITOIS: 1890 p.7.9 
 
 TfATCPllAKERS PAID IN WATCHES 
 
 "Aurora, 111. , June 12. — An ordar was entered in the June 12 
 County Court today declaring the assignment of the 
 Aurora Watch Company valid, authorizing the hanks to 
 sell the movements they hold as collateral . . . and 
 ordering the employes paid one-half in money and one- 
 half in watches." Page 2 
 — Chicago Herald . Jiine 13. (IC) Col. 7 
 
 ELECTRIC RAILWAY PROPOSED FOR FOX RIVER VALLEY 
 
 St. Charles favors the construction of an interurhan June 13 
 railway to Elgin. It will stimuln.te "business and 
 practically make one city of the Aurora-Elgin district. 
 
 — Elgin Daily News . June 13. Page 2 
 (Gail Borden Public Library) Col. 4 
 
 ARTIFICIAL ICE PL.\NTS INCREASE 
 
 "Plants for artificially making ice are multiplying June 15 
 in Illinois. There are two in Chicago, one at Morris, 
 one at Belleville, and new onas have just been com- 
 pleted at Decatur and Bloomington. . . . Jack Frost 
 . . . will be invited to stay north ,and confine his 
 business to the production of the picturesque iceberg." 
 
 — Geneseo Republic , June 13. Page 6 
 (Office of Geneseo Republic ) Col. 5 
 
 INTRODUCTION OF C.\5LE C.mS PRECIPITATES LABOR PROBLM 
 
 "There is a rumor afloat that the horse car drivers June 14 
 of the West Side will not take their dismissals good 
 naturedly. The introduction of cable cars took away 
 their jobs. Nov; they are trying to induce their fel- 
 low workers into a general strike."
 
 240 ANNALS OF LVBOH /JTO INDUSTRY IN ILLINOIS; 1890 
 
 Since all horse-car drivers are not conpetent to oper- 
 ate cable cars, the company promises other -;ork to 
 those not pronoted. Nevertheless, police protection 
 has "been enlisted in event of disorder. Page 
 
 — Illinois Staats-Zeitujif: . Chicago (trans.) June 14. (IC) Col. 
 
 "... Yerkes has a dozen or nore extra men at each of 
 the North Side barns. These men are learning the. ropes 
 so that they will be able to take the placas of the 
 strikers should a strike occur on the West Side. . . , 
 
 "The North Side conductors and drivers are now in a per- 
 fect state of subjection. They are virtually slaves, 
 with no wills of their own or individuality that they 
 dare assert. After the strike in 1888 the men were paid 
 by the hour at the rate of 21 cents per hour. They 
 worked ten hours a day and earned $2.10. Shortly after- 
 wards Yerkes presented a contract for each one to sign 
 in which he agteed to pay $2.25, a seeming increase. 
 Like all Mr. Yerkes' agreements with his men, this one 
 was loaded. ..." 
 
 Affiliation with labor unions was prohibited, and the 
 number of trips was increased from ten to twelve. "But 
 this is not all. . . . New employes receive pay at the 
 rate of $1.50 a day for two months, $1.7S for four 
 months, $2 for six months. It is -unnecessary to say 
 that comparatively few men remain more than one year." Page 8 
 — Riaihts of Labor . Chicaga , June 14. (ICJ) Col. 2 
 
 TARIFF BLAI^IED FOR LOW FARM WAGES 
 
 "Farm hands are grumbling at the low wages paid this June 14 
 year in the north towns of Henry County. But most of 
 them are to blame for the scant wages. Year after 
 year they vote for Thomas J. Henderson and a higher 
 protective tariff which renders it impossible for farm- 
 ers to pay more. It is the millionaires the Republi- 
 cans have been workin," for not the workingmen. " 
 
 — Prairie Chief . Cambridge, June 14. Page 5 
 (Office of Moline Dispatch ) Col. 4
 
 AMALS OF LABOR AND INDUSTRY IN ILLINOISj 1890 241 
 
 CORNICE WORKERS T.iLK STRIKE 
 
 ".An open meeting of the Journeymen Metal Cornice Work- June 15 
 ers' Association was held yesterday afternoon at Plas- 
 terers' Hall on La Salle street. The object of the meet- 
 ing was to induce all non-union men to join the associa- 
 tion "before taking any decided steps looking to a demand 
 for eight hours and the proposed strike in case the de- 
 mand is not granted." 
 
 The membership of the union now includes nearly all of 
 the 500 German and English-speaking cornice makers. Page 3 
 — Chicago Trib\ine. June 16. (ICU) Col. 3 
 
 TRADES ASSEIvffiLY CO-OPERATES 'HTH WOMEN'S ALLIANCE 
 
 "The most interesting matter brought before the Trades June 15 
 and Labor Assembly yesterday afternoon was the report 
 of the delegates who attended the Woman' s Alliance con- 
 vention recently. They reported that they had decided 
 to co-operate with the movement that has for its purpose 
 a distinct exhibit of the work of women in industry, 
 art, and education at the World's Fair," 
 
 The Alliance recommended that ■>7omen sit on the Board of 
 Education. Page 4 
 
 — Chicago Globe., June 16. (IC) Col. 5 
 
 MODERN STRUCTURES FOR CHICAGO 
 
 "The Northern Hotel Company took out a building permit June 1£ 
 yesterday, June 16, for the erection of a great struc- 
 ture, to be used for hotel purposes, on the ground run- 
 ning from 227 to 245 Dearborn street, where it is pro- 
 posed to build one of the finest hotels in the world. 
 It will be absolutely fire-proof and will contain every 
 late improvement necessary to form a complete hotel. 
 The structure will be fourteen stories high and will 
 cost $1,000,000. It is understood that work will be 
 commenced in a few days. " Page 7 
 
 — Chicago Evening Post . June 17. (IC) Col. 3
 
 AMALS OE LABOR A'.'ID IITOUSTRY IN ILLINOIS: 1890 
 
 "Fraincis Bartlett submitted plans yesterday afternoon 
 for the approval of Commissioner J. M. Dunphy of one of 
 the largest "buildings ever erected in Chicago. The 
 building is to be 72 feet wide by 73 feet deep and will 
 be sixteen stories, or 119 feet high." It will be at 
 No. 271 Dearborn street." Page 3 
 
 — Chicago Olobe . J\ine 24. (IC) Col. 5 
 
 "The Merchants' Building, sitiiated on the northwest cor- 
 ner of Washington and LaSalle streets, will be consider- 
 ably enlarged, and improved. It is to be carried up 
 three more stories so as to make it a nine-story struc- 
 ture. . . It is to be lighted by electricity, have new 
 steam apparatus, elevators, and contain every conven- 
 ience. . . The improvement is estimated to cost 
 
 $140,000." Page 10 
 
 — Daily Inter Ocean . Chicago, June 22. (IC) Col. 2 
 
 CITY EMPLOYES DISMISSED 
 
 ". . . The superintendent of sidewalk construction, a 
 number of street foremen, and several gangs of street 
 workmen were laid off Saturday. . . . The appropriation 
 for the street department has almost run out. ..." 
 
 — Chicago Evening Post . June 16. (IC) 
 
 
 16 
 
 Page 
 Col. 
 
 2 
 3 
 
 UNITY WITHIN STRIKERS' EAi\rKS 
 
 "The discipline of our men in the Chicago strike Jvme 16 
 was perfectly amazing. Within a radius of sixty- 
 five miles of Chicago every railroad station was 
 vigilantly picketed, and no traveling carpenter 
 could pass these lines without telegraphic warning 
 being sent to the headquarters at Chicago." Page 1 
 
 — The Carpenter . Phi la, , June 16. (ICJ) Col. 1 
 
 Report of strike money expended in various places by 
 the United Brotherhood of Carpenters and Joiners, with 
 headquarters in Philadelphia, shows, "To Chicago, 111., 
 $8,780.98." Page 3 
 
 — The Carpenter . Phila. , June 16. (ICJ) Col. 5
 
 AMALS OF LABOR AUD INDUSTRY IN ILLINOIS: 1890 ?AZ 
 
 NINE- HOUR DAY FOR ROCK ISLAND CARPENTERS 
 
 "Rock Island Union 166 has been on strike for the nine- June 16 
 
 hour day, and came out victorious." Page 1 
 
 — The Carpenter . , Phila. , June 16. (ICJ) Col. 2 
 
 GLASS BLOI^ERS' EARNINGS 
 
 "An Ottawa paper gives the following wage earnings of June 18 
 some of the glass "blowers there during the month of May: 
 During the month of May Jphn Atkinson, a window glass 
 hlower, earned $404. Chas. Miller came next with $365, 
 and Wm. Perkins made $340. The remaining 25 "blowers 
 made an average of $300 each." Page 8 
 
 — Kewanee Courier . June 18. (IK) Col. 1 
 
 WEST SIDE CxlBLE RUNI-JING 
 
 "The West Side has da"ble cars at last, and the north June 18 
 end of Milwaukee avenue is the portion of the proposed 
 system to "be first favored. The cars were really 
 started a few evenings ago, "but it was not until yester- 
 day that they were put on for service. Monday night 
 the first trip was made, the purpose being to quietly 
 operate the ca'ble "between Cleaver street and Armitage 
 avenue to train the drivers and make gripmen of them, 
 but the street was so filled -with people to welcome the 
 new order of things it was impossible to make any head- 
 way. " All drivers on the line who are physically able 
 will be given a chance to vrork as gripmen. Those who 
 cannot do this work will drive the horse cars. Page 3 
 
 — Chicago Herald . June 19. (IC) Col. 1 
 
 The Leader urges, in the interest of Marion's busi- June 18 
 ness, the improvement and maintenance of country 
 
 roads. Page 1 
 
 — The Leader . Marion, J\ane 19. (iMar) Col. 3
 
 344 AWALS OF LABOR AND IITOUSTRY IN ILLINOIS; 1890 
 
 MINERS AND QUARRYME1>I DISSATISFIED 
 
 "Joliet, 111., J\ine 18. — (Special.)- Nearly 200 men June 18 
 
 in Sanger & Moody's quarry, "between Lockport and 
 
 Joliet, struck this noon. They get $1.75 and demand 
 
 $2 per day. They marched to the Joliet Stone Company, 
 
 forcing twenty-five men to quit, the "balance refusing." 
 
 After visiting several quarries in an attempt to get 
 
 other workers to join them, nine leaders were arrested, 
 
 "Reports were circulated tonight that the striking 
 quarrymen are greatly excited over the arrest and im- 
 prisonment of their leaders, and that they will appear 
 tomorrow morning armed and ready to resist the civil 
 authorities." Page 1 
 
 — Chicago Tri"bune . June 19, (ICU) Col. 4 
 
 "Wanted - 25 q-uarrymen and 25 laborers. Apply to 
 F. McCa"be, No. 40 Missouri avenue, near Relay Depot." Page 4 
 — East St. Louis Daily Journal . June 3. (lEa) Col. 2 
 
 "In spite of the settlement of the coal strike 
 effected at the Springfield meeting of the miners' state 
 board recently, all of the men are not working in this 
 district. . . . 
 
 "News from all parts of the district pronounces the 
 situation unsettled, and not over a dozen mines, all 
 told, are working full capacity at the 67-1 cent rate 
 which was agreed upon. . . . The "banks which are run- 
 ning and paying a"bove the scale have "been especially 
 authorized to do so "by the Operators' Association. 
 ..." Page 8 
 
 — Peoria Transcript , June 18. (IP) Col. 4 
 
 "... The men who are not protected are those who 
 dig and raise the coal. They are the men who wear 
 tags on their persons and who are known to their em- 
 ployers by num"bers, and not "by names. These poor 
 creatures are worked in pits where the air is more 
 poisonous than that in the famous Black Hole of Cal- 
 cutta. ..." The editorial urges the prevention of 
 mine explosions and deplores governmental partial- 
 ity at the expense of the operatives. Page 4 
 —Chicago Herald , editorial, June 23. (IC) Col. 3
 
 AMALS OF LABOR AMD INDUSTRY IN ILLINOIS: 1890 245 
 
 CAEP3NTSES IN COURT AGAIN 
 
 "John Young and N. N. Cminingh.an v/ere discharged hy June 18 
 Justice Br-Tyton yesterdaj'', and the old Boss Carpen- 
 ters' Association was forced to experience another 
 defeat in its proceedings against the striking car- 
 penters." Goldie secured hut one conviction. Page 3 
 — Chicago Herald . June 19. (IC) Col. 3 
 
 FARlvERS BUY HilNY SELF-BINDERS 
 
 "Chanpaign county farners are doing their sunner June 19 
 shopping. One dealer in this city has already sold 
 more than twenty-five self-binders, and other deal- 
 ers have sold several. The larger part of these 
 sales are for cash. What has becoine of the talk 
 about the farners having neither money nor crops? 
 . . ." Page 1 
 
 — Champaign Daily Gazette . June 19. (lU) Col. 2 
 
 THE PASSING OF THE PACKETS 
 
 "The d.ays of grandeur have departed from the river June 19 
 
 ste.-iraboats. There are no longer thronging crowds, 
 
 gambling, dancing, music, r\jn.i. all those things which 
 
 made steamboating great a few years ago. Travelers ' 
 
 have forsaken the easy pleasure of steamboat jour- ■ 
 
 neys for the. . . railroad trains. ..." 
 
 — Cambridge Chronicle . June 19. Page .7 
 (Office of Cambridge Chronicle ) Col.^ 1 
 
 INTERSTATE GOMIvIERCE LAW LEAD LETTER: POOLING URGED 
 
 "The interstate commerce law might as well be V7iped June 19 
 off the statute books. Railroad men themselves admit 
 that it is daily ignored. They pay no attention to it 
 whatever whenever they find its provisions running con- 
 trary to their own convenience or ideas of how things 
 should be done. Two-thirds of the railroad officials in
 
 2M. 
 
 AMALS OF LABOR AIJD INDUSTRY IN ILLINOIS: 1890 
 
 the country might be sent to the penitentiary any dr^y 
 7/ere the penalties for its "breach to "be enforced. To 
 all intents and purposes it is a dead letter, and the 
 only otject to be gained by its amendment is the re- 
 moval of this liability to punishment under it. . . .' 
 — Chicago Evaninc Post . June 19. (IC) 
 
 Page 7 
 Col. 1 
 
 "The only cure is a return to the pooling system 
 which was in vogue prior to the passage of the inter- 
 state commerce law. That all doubt may be removed 
 concerning the legality of such a course, railroad 
 men everjnvhere are vi'aiting anxiously for the passage 
 of Senator Dawes' amendment to the interstate com- 
 merce act. " 
 
 — Chicago Evening Post . June 4. (IC) 
 
 Page 7 
 Col. 4 
 
 CI&AE MAKERS' TROUBLES 
 
 "In the case of the six striking cigar makers, charged June 19 
 by th3 Columbia Cigar Company with conspiracy, 
 Justice Bberhardt discharged Michael Britzius and 
 John Wiedna. Karry Frank, Frank Perrykemp, Henry 
 Wolff, Adolph Toutman, and Maurice Detmen, the Mooney 
 detectives who joined the strikers to get evidence Page 3 
 against them, were held to the Criminal Court under Col, 4 
 $300 bonds each. " 2nd 
 
 — Chicago Tribune . June 19. (IC) Edition 
 
 LAKE STEAMER BRE.IKS SPEED RECORD 
 
 "When the steamship Oswego of the Union Line came 
 inside the piers at 2:56 o'clock yesterday afternoon 
 the great feat of breaking the record for speed from 
 Buffalo was accomplished, the lake greyho\ind' s time 
 being 54 hours and 15 minutes, or one hour better 
 th.an the record made by the same boat in May, 1889, 
 . . . The sailing distance from Buffalo to Chicago, , 
 is 889 miles. The Oswego's running time averaged 
 16.4 miles per hour for the entire distance. 
 
 me 19
 
 A:rxTALS OF LABOR AND IHDUSTHY IN ILLINOi: 
 
 ". . • Tko-t the Inke greyhound was driven at p.uch 
 epeed shows the sh?irp rivilry of the line man-igers to 
 nrjce a record for the rrumfeer of trips their beats can 
 nrjce for the season. The real coicpet iters are the 
 Harlem and Hudson of the Hew York Central Line and 
 the Oswego and Chemung of the Union. ..." Page 
 
 — Chicam Tribune . Jur.e 20. (ICU) Col. 
 
 ALHORA'S FLISHT 
 
 "Springfield, Elgin, Rockford, Sterling, and Champaign J'jir.e 
 are getting electric railways started, and poor 
 Aurora, which had tho^:ight itself happy with a mule 
 car, now jogs slowly along behind the long-eared, 
 animal, chagrined at being sadly behind the times." 
 
 — G-eneseo Republic . June 20, Page 
 (Office of Seneseo Republic) Col. 
 
 UFrfABRIZ: 2AZZR3 FRZFERRZL 
 
 "Chicago — At the meeting of Union He. 49 on June 21, J-;j-.e 21 
 eight new members were adjnitted. ... It was stated 
 that foremen prefer to employ -unmarried bakers, who 
 
 have to board with them in order to have a steady job. 
 This jrpist create a state of dependence similar to the 
 boarding system. Oiir members should be alert, attend 
 the meetings, and strengthen the lonion, else they Trill 
 be reduced to their former miserable conditions." 
 — Bakers' Journal . New York (trans.) July 5, (ICJ) 
 
 Page 
 Ccl. 
 
 3 
 
 1 
 
 j-erman 
 Zditio 
 
 n 
 
 CKICA3C IC SHI? IJ-J'SjI ^UAirTITIZS CI ICZ TO NZTf YCRZ 
 
 "... This is a nsw departure and the first time in J me 21 
 history that ice has been sent from this city to the 
 Eastern seaboard. Other years, when an ice famine 
 existed in the large cities, their supplies were ob- 
 tained from the northern part of Maine and Canada and
 
 AM.4LS OF LJlBOR AJMD ITOUSTRY IN ILLINOIS; 1890 
 
 even from Norway, but the Maine ice men, in conjunc- 
 tion with the Maine railroads, have coiphined to raise 
 the price to such a point that it has "been found 
 cheaper to get supplies from the West. The freight 
 from Chicago is $4 per ton, and 7/hen.v/aste and other 
 expenses are considered it stands about $5 per ton 
 when the ice reaches New York. ..." 
 
 — Chicago Evening Post , June 21. (IC) 
 
 Page 2 
 Col. 5 
 
 ILLINOIS CENTEAL EJffLOYES REVOLT 
 
 "The Illinois Central road, or that portion of it June 25 
 in and near Chicago, is 'tied up' "by a strike — 
 'tied up' as completely as if it had been abandoned 
 by the company. Conductors, brakemen, engineers, 
 firemen, and switchmen have quit work. Not a 
 wheel is turning. The strike is not over a question 
 of wages or hours, but against one man — Division 
 Superintendent E. G. Russell. " When Russell vio- 
 lated the work rule of "first in, first out" and 
 discharged two men for voicing objections, resent- 
 ment crystallized in all departments. Russell, 
 it is charged, is hated by the men, who say he is a 
 spy and -is generally obnoxious. They refuse to 
 
 return to work until he is discharged. Page 1 
 
 — Chicago Tribune . June 25, (ICU) Col. 1 
 
 "... Let the state government take charge of the 
 trains and run them until the employers and employes 
 have settled their difficulties. A railroad is a 
 public institution, and the trains should not be 
 stopped for a single day. There is room for new and 
 radical legislation on this point." 
 
 — Champaign Daily Gazette (editorial) , June 28. (lU) 
 
 Page 
 Col. 
 
 downeaIjL of gas trust 
 
 "The erstwhile despotic, plutocratic, and altogether 
 magnificent Gas Trust is now about as humble, and 
 lowly, and cast-down an institution as one may find 
 
 June 27
 
 AMALS OF LABOR AM? INDUSTRY IN ILLINOIS; 1890 249 
 
 anywhere. Declared illegal, it is "being assailed 
 from every side and can't even pay the dividends it 
 
 wants to pay. Notody' s sorry; the merry trust took Page 2 
 
 all sorts of swipes at the suffering public and all Col, 2 
 
 who came within its range when it had power." 3 o'cl. 
 
 —C hicago Mail (editorial), June 27. (ICN) Edition 
 
 FUEL PRICES IN 1890 
 "Cohs sell for 2b(f: a. load in Galva. " June 27 
 
 Coal sold at 5^ to 12^ a "bushel in communities where 
 
 it was produced. 
 
 — G-eneseo Repuhlic . June 27. Page 1 
 (Office of Ceneseo Rftputlic ) Col, 2 
 
 WANTED ~ FARM HANDS 
 
 "$40 a month for a good, numlDer one farm hand. Boys June 27 
 
 and other hands in proportion. Inquire at Republic 
 
 office. 
 
 — G-eneseo Republic . June 27. Page 8 
 (Office of aeneseo Republic) Col. 2 
 
 THE STEVEDORES' STRIKE 
 
 "The stevedores in the employ of the Lehigh Trans- June 28 
 
 portation Company, while unloading the steamship 
 
 Cayuga, of 3,000 tons, at the Chicago, Milwaukee 
 
 & St. Paul dock, at 1 o'clock this morning, quit 
 
 work and demanded an increase of pay from 20 cents 
 
 to 25 cents an hour. There were about 100 men at 
 
 V7ork at the time, and it looked for awhile as if 
 
 there would be considerable trouble. It was found 
 
 necessary to call in railroad police and the dock 
 
 was cleared of the discontents. I\lany of the strikers 
 
 were colored men and razors were drawn. They were
 
 250 AMALS OF LABOR AlTD INDUSTRY IN ILLINOIS; 1890 
 
 immediately paid off, and removed from the company's 
 property. Some twenty-five of the malcontents imme- 
 diately returned to work. Mr. P. S. Fleming, agent 
 of the transportation company, said: 
 
 "'The men demanded an increase from 20 to 25 cents 
 per hour and, of course, I could not grant it with- 
 out conferring with the other agents of the city. 
 The demand is always granted on September 1, but 
 there is no necessity for that now. A good many of 
 the men were very unruly. ' 
 
 "At the docks of the company near Lake street bridge 
 the men were at work and claimed that the stevedores 
 were receiving 25 cents per hour and the rollers 20 Page .1 
 cants. There is no chance of the strike becoming Col. 1 
 
 general, as there is no organization." " 3 o'cl, 
 — Chicago Evening Journal, June 28. (IC) Edition 
 
 The stevedores' demand for ice water "was at once 
 acceded to, with a voluntary oatmeal amendment, but 
 the demand for an increase in the hourly rn.tes of 
 pay was refused, and so the men quit work." Page 9 
 
 — Sunday Inter Ocean . Chicago, June 29. (IC) Col. 2 
 
 It is estimated that at least five hundred men are Page 1 
 
 out today demanding an advance of wages from 20 to Col, 2 
 
 25 cents an hoiir. " The lines will resist. 5 o'cl. 
 
 -^ Chicago Daily Kews . June 30. (ICN) Edition 
 
 BUSINESS IS BOOMING IN ILLINOIS 
 
 "From the discussions and propositions made, it is June 30 
 
 plain that the woolen mill will be a good thing for 
 
 Joliet. . . . One firm has already offered two acres 
 
 of land and $2,500 in case the works are built on 
 
 their land, and other liberal donations are ready. 
 
 The firm will employ 300." 
 
 — Daily News . Joliet, June 3. Page 2 
 (Joliet Public Library) Col. 1
 
 AMALS OF LABOR .'UTO INDUSTRY IN ILLINOIS; 1890 251 
 
 "Pontiac, having during the past year secm'ed the lo- 
 cation there of two factories, is beginning to thrive 
 at a rate which most to'.vns would call a hoom. The 
 Sentinel says: 'Go into almost any part of the city, 
 and you will see new dwellings or additions to dwell- 
 ings in process of erection. As to real estate, lots 
 which would not find sale eighteen months ago at 
 $100 each are now double in value and "bringing that 
 in cash. ..." 
 
 — Geneseo Republic . June 6. Page 6 
 (Office of Geneseo Republic ) Col. 4 
 
 "The Wataga people are preparing to go into the manu- 
 facture of brick and tile on a large scale. The ' Q,' 
 is to put in a switch to the yards. A local company 
 with a capital stock of $65,000 has been formed and 
 will buy out the Riester plant." Page 1 
 
 — Galesburg Republican-Register . June 7, (IG) Col. 1 
 
 "As stated before, the Elgin National Watch Case factory 
 commenced operations last Monday. About seventy men are 
 now employed, and the niomber will be increased to 100 
 within a 'veek or so. 'Green' hands will constitute 
 some of the additional ones." 
 
 — Slgin Daily News . June 14. Page 3 
 (Gail Borden Public Library) Col. 1 
 
 "The five-story brick warehouse of the Deering Harves- 
 ter Co., of Chicago, ... is nearing completion. . . . 
 Several carloads of harvester and other machinery 
 were received this morning and were transferred to the 
 new building. " Page 4 
 
 — East St. Louis Daily Journal , June 13. (lEa) , Col. 3 
 
 "The Alton vinegar factory is preparing for a season of 
 unusual activity. Their market is growing so fast that 
 they are pushed to keep up v/ith the demand. They are 
 now buying cider for vinegar wherever it is to be had, 
 their own stock being nearly exhausted. They will, 
 they say, pay the highest m.arket price for apples this 
 year and take all they can get. There is also to be a 
 branch office at Bunker Hill and other surrounding
 
 252 ANNALS OF LABOR AND INDUSTRY IN ILLINOIS; 1890 
 
 points. This will give the farmers in the vicinity of 
 Alton a market for all their fruit at a good price, and 
 it might te remarked that it pays to grow apples for 
 cider at present market values. ..." Page 2 
 
 — Alton Sentinel-Democrat . June 19. (lU) Col. 3 
 
 "The Crucible Iron and Steel Works, situated on St. 
 Clair avenue, have so many orders on hand that they are 
 compelled to work day and night." Page 4 
 
 —East St. Louis Daily Journal . June 19. (lEa) Col. 1 
 
 ". . , Our townspeople. . . are interested in the suc- 
 cess of the twine mill of the Empire Cordage Company in 
 this city. The hemp hinder twine manufactured here is 
 giving the test possible satisfaction, and the demand 
 for it is increasing constantly. " Page 1 
 
 — Ch njnpaign Daily G-azette . June 27. (lU) Col. 2 
 
 "The Little Rolling Mill Company are making a very val- 
 uable as well as large addition to their already exten- 
 sive plant. This new addition is to be a new spike 
 plant, which will give employment to about 150 men and 
 boys. ..." Page 4 
 
 — East St. Louis Dn.ilv Journal . June 27. (lEa) Col. 3 
 
 "The big plant at Carpentersville, known as the Illinois 
 Iron and Bolt Co. , . . . Has steadily increased its bus- 
 iness and facilities until novi; its blast furnaces daily 
 heat from thirty to forty tons of iron and provide 
 employment for nearly 100 men in the foundry alone. In 
 the several departments, as the machine shops, pattern 
 shop, forging shops, warehouses, etc., it employs a 
 multitude of laborers. The firm contemplates expansion." 
 
 — Elgin Daily News . June 27. Page 3 
 (Gail Borden Public Library) Col. 6 
 
 "Manager Stickney, of the Alton Stoneware Pipe Com- 
 pany, . . . says that business at the plant is boom- 
 ing, the works being pushed to their utmost capacity 
 to keep up with the orders. " Other raanuf acturies of 
 the old Bluff City report similar progress. Page 2 
 
 — Alton Sentinel-Democrat . June 12, (IC) Col. 1
 
 BIBLIOGRAPHY 
 
 SOURCES 
 Albion Journal 
 
 Alton Sentinel-Bemocrat 
 
 lU 
 
 Bakers' Journal, New York 
 
 ICJ 
 
 Cambridge Chronicle 
 
 
 Carpenter, The, Phila- 
 
 
 delphia 
 
 ICJ 
 
 Champaign Daily Gazette 
 
 lU 
 
 Chicago Council Pro- 
 
 
 ceedings 
 
 
 Chicago Daily News 
 
 (ICN 
 
 
 (ICU 
 
 Chicago Evening Journal 
 
 (IC 
 
 
 (ICN 
 
 Chicago Evening Post 
 
 IC 
 
 Chicago Globe 
 
 IC 
 
 Chicago Herald 
 
 IC 
 
 Chicago Mail 
 
 ICN 
 
 Chicago Times 
 
 ICN 
 
 Chicago Tribune 
 
 (IC 
 
 
 (ICU 
 
 Chicago Weekly Journal 
 
 ICN 
 
 Critic, The, Baltimore 
 
 ICJ 
 
 Daily Evening Post, Pekin 
 
 
 Daily Inter Ocean, Chicago 
 
 IC 
 
 Daily News, Joliet 
 
 
 East St. Louis Daily 
 
 
 Journal 
 
 lEa 
 
 Elgin Daily News 
 
 
 Gal as burg Republican- 
 
 
 Register 
 
 IG 
 
 Galva Weekly News 
 
 IGa 
 
 Geneseo Republic 
 
 
 Illinois Staats-Zeitung, 
 
 
 Chicago 
 
 (IC 
 
 
 (ICN 
 
 Independent, The, Ke- 
 
 
 wanee 
 
 IK 
 
 WHERE CONSULTED 
 
 Illinois Historical Survey 
 
 Library 
 University of Illinois 
 
 Library, Urbana 
 John Crerar Library, Chicago 
 Office of Cambridge 
 
 Chronicle 
 
 John Crerar Library, Chicago 
 University of Illinois 
 
 Library, Urbana 
 City of Chicago Municipal 
 
 Reference Library 
 Newberry Library, Chicago 
 University of Chicago, Chicago 
 Chicago Public Library 
 Newberry Library, Chicago 
 Chicago Public Library 
 Chicago Public Library 
 Chicago Public Library 
 Newberry Library, Chicago 
 Newberry Library, Chicago 
 Chicago Public Library 
 University of Chicago, Chicago 
 Newberry Library, Chicago 
 John Crerar Library, Chicago 
 Office of Pekin Daily Times 
 Chicago Public Library 
 Joliet Public Library 
 
 East St. Louis Public 
 
 Library 
 Gail Borden Public Library, 
 
 Elgin 
 
 Galesburg Free Public 
 
 Library 
 Galva Township Public 
 
 Library, Galva 
 Office of Geneseo Republic 
 
 Chicago Public Library 
 Newberry Library, Chicago 
 
 Kewanee Public Library
 
 BIBLIOGE.U'HY 
 (cont. ) 
 
 Journal of the Knights of 
 
 Lfibor, Philadelphia ICJ 
 
 Kankakee Gazette 
 
 Kewanee Courier IK 
 
 Lahor Leader, Boston ICJ 
 
 Leader, The, Marion Ilvlar 
 
 Locomotive Engineers' 
 
 Journal, Cleveland ICJ 
 
 Milledgeville Free Press lU 
 
 Pekin Daily Times 
 
 Peoria Transcript IP 
 
 Prairie Chief, Camhridge IMD 
 
 Quincy Daily Whig 
 
 Q^incy Herald 
 
 Railroad Trainmen's 
 
 Journal, Caleshurg 
 Rights of Labor, Chicago 
 Tailor, The, New York 
 
 IQN 
 IQN 
 
 ICJ 
 ICJ 
 ICJ 
 
 John Crerar Library, Chicago 
 Office of Kankakee Gazette 
 Kewanee Public Library 
 John Crerar Library, Chicago 
 Marion Carnegie Library 
 
 John Crerar Library, Chicago 
 University of Illinois 
 
 Library, Urbana 
 Office of Pekin Do,ily Times 
 Peoria Public Library 
 Office of Moline Daily 
 
 Dispatch 
 Office of Quincy Herald- 
 Whig 
 Office of Wuincy Ker aid- 
 Whig 
 
 John Crerar Library, Chicago 
 John Crerar Library, Chicago 
 John Crerar Library, Chicago 
 
 THE LIBRARY OF THE 
 
 OCT 2 9 1940 
 
 UNIVERSITY nt I. ■•.-.<

 
 JULY 
 AUGUST 
 SjEPTEMBER 
 
 COMPIieO BY 
 
 I ! r/l'm a^^¥T J «Tl' J -J I 
 
 r PROJEC 
 
 /ORK PROJECTS ADMINISTRATION
 
 THE 
 
 AMALS QF_-IABOR Affi^ INDUSTUr IN. ILLINOIS 
 
 for 
 
 July»_ August, and Septeniber, ,1890 
 
 Compiled "by the 
 
 ILLINOIS WRITERS' PROJECT 
 
 •f the 
 
 WORK PROJECTS AIMINISTRATION 
 (Illinois) 
 
 OCT 9 ^941 
 
 UH.VERS.TY or U.HO»^ 
 
 Chicago, Illinois 
 19 4 1
 
 lEDEEAL YlOmS AGENCY 
 John M. Carmody, Administrator 
 
 WORK PROJECTS AIMINISTRATIQN 
 
 Howard 0. Hunter, Acting Commissioner 
 
 Florence Kerr, Assistant Commissioner 
 
 Howard S, Drew, Administrator for Illinois 
 
 Evelyn S. Byron, Director 
 Division of Community Service Programs 
 
 Robert I, McKeague, Chief 
 Public Activities Programs Section 
 
 Chicago, Illinois 
 19 4 1
 
 FOKEWORL 
 
 So favorable has iDeen the reception of the first two 
 volumes of the AMALS OF LABOR Aim IITOUSTRY IN ILLINOIS that 
 no essential change in the editorial policy seemed advisable. 
 These samplings of day by day events which occurred half a 
 century ago afford candid camera glimpses not only of labor and 
 industry, but of sociological aspects of the nineties as well, 
 A source work of this kind, many believe, is superior to a 
 secondary work, no matter how scholarly, in conveying the 
 essence of the period. 
 
 Minor shortccmings of the first works, pointed out by 
 critics have been corrected. Two noteworthy improvements are 
 seen in this volume. First, the addition of sources heretofore 
 unavailable has enriched the study ajid made it more truly 
 representative of Illinois, Particularly valuable have been 
 the resources in Galesburg, Rock Island, and Qjiincy. The 
 excellent files of many of Illinois' smaller newspapers in the 
 library of the University of Illinois have been made available 
 to our research workers. This breadth of selection ha,s made 
 possible the second major improvement, namely, a better pro- 
 portion between industrial and labor stories. 
 
 Acknowledgnent is made of the co-operation given by 
 librarians and owners of private newspaper files. 
 
 The following, in addition to Huston P, Shultz, editor, 
 are those who had a part in compiling this volume: John 
 Addison, Freda Austine, Jack Balch, Ray Baum, Louis Bettelheim, 
 Virginia Bortz, Ray Brisendine, James Carr, Ethel Chase, Beulah 
 De Vard, Melvin Ellia, V. V, Headl,'\nd, Nicholas Hoen, Kathryn 
 Horan, Leon Hutchinson, Florence Kuster, Pearl Lawson, Virginia 
 Lipschitz, James McClelland, Roy McGookin, Edward Poorman, 
 Roland Saffran, Margaret Schikan, Bessie Stephanou, Adeline 
 Sterling, Josiaii Watson, Charles White, George Whitehead, 
 Milton Wineberg, 
 
 CURTIS D. MacDOUGALL 
 State Supervisor 
 Illinois Writers' Project
 
 AIH^ALS OF LABOR AND INDUS'TSY IK ILLINOIS: 1890 255 
 
 JULY 
 
 COAL PRODUCTION IN ILLINOIS 
 
 "Illinois coal mines produced 12,638,364 tons of coal July 1 
 
 during the year ending July 1, 1890." Page 5 
 
 — Ch.-^jnpaign Daily Oazette . May 8, 1891. (lU) Col. 3 
 
 CORNICE Iv'JU'3RS STRIKE EOR SHORTER HOURS AND 
 HIGHER WAGES 
 
 "Five hundred cornice- makers "belonging to the Metal July 1 
 Cornice-i'akers' Accident association struck yesterday, 
 claiming the eight-hour working-day and 40^ per hour 
 as minimum wages. There are sixty cornice shops in 
 Chicago, all of whom were sent a request as ahove 
 stated May 1. No notice was taken of this request, 
 and a notification was issued Juno 26th, demanding 
 the eight-hour day and harring non-union men." 
 
 Only one employer has conceded the demands. Page 3 
 
 — Chicago Glohe . July 2. (IC) Col. 4 
 
 DOCK LABORERS STRIKE 
 
 "Upward of 1,000 dock lahorers are out on a strike. July 1 
 . . . The men who are out are not the longshoremen 
 or the grain-trimmers, hut the men who get 20 cents 
 an hour, and are docked for all time spent in going 
 from one wharf to another. Their demand is for 25 
 cents per hour and 'shifting time' — that is, that 
 their wages shall hegin with and run continuously 
 from the time thej'' are enrolled. ..." Page 2 
 
 — Chicago Times . July 1. (ICN) Col. 6
 
 254 
 
 ANNALS OF LAJiOR AND IIJDUSTRY PI ILLINOIS: 1890 
 
 LD.iE KILN' NOT A NUISANCE 
 
 "Judge Griiinel decided . . . that the Union Linie July 1 
 Works are not a nuisance and dismissed the defen- 
 ants, Theodore Phinney, Frank E. Spooner, and Thomas 
 O'Connel. A finding for the prosecution would have 
 carried' with it an order to the sheriff to abate the 
 nuisance. ..." A consideration of health, and not 
 convenience, had been the determining factor. Page 7 
 
 — Daily Inter Ocean . Chicago, July 1. (IC) Col. 4 
 
 HOUSE RAISERS' DSt-j'J-IDS GRAl^JTED 
 
 "... The house raisers, fifteen in number, vjorking 
 for T. E. Coughlan, stmck for higher wages. They 
 were receiving $1.50 per day and demanded ijl.75. 
 Mr. Coughlan conceded to their demands, and the men 
 returned to work, having been out but a few moments." 
 — East St. Louis Daily Journal , July 1. (lEa) 
 
 July 1 
 
 Page 2 
 Col. 4 
 
 PORTERS UM STRIKE FOR inCHER V/AGES 
 
 ". . . Of 800 sleeping-car porters and dinning-car July 2 
 men who make Chicago their headquarters, 600 are or- 
 ganized in one body and are preparing to make a de- 
 mand for an advance in ;;ages within the next week. 
 Porters are getting §15 a moniih on sleepers, $25 a 
 month on buffet sleepers, and in a few instances 
 where the man acts both as conductor and porter $40 
 a month is paid. 'Tips' added, the average porter Page 1 
 earns about $50 a month, and out of this he pays Col. 6 
 board and buys uniforms. ..." 11 o'cl. 
 
 — Chicago Daily News , July 1. (ION) Edition 
 
 ". . . R. S. Began, leader of the oorters' union said: 
 'If Mr. Pullman can't pay nis employes and depends on 
 the public to pay them for him, then the train ser- 
 vice of porters will be revolutionized. . . . V/e Page 3 
 will ask ^40 per month for porters. ... If the de- Col. 3 
 mands arc not granted we will strike.'" 2nd 
 
 —Chicago Tribune . July 2. (IC) Edition
 
 AMALS OF LABOR AM INDUSTRY IN ILLINOIS: 1890 255 
 
 LAKE TRAFFIC PERILED BY STRIKE 
 
 "The freight handlers' strike is assuming dangerous July 2 
 
 proportions. ..." Page 3 
 
 — Chicago Globe . July 3. (IC) Col. 3 
 
 "Yesterday morning the line agents hold a meeting 
 and voted not to accede to the demands of the men, 
 . . . There are now nineteen line "boats tied up 
 here, and "by noon today there will he twenty-five of 
 them. . . . James Gary Evans, the local representa- 
 tive of the Anchor Line, states that the enforced 
 idleness of the Anchor Lines is costing his company 
 $800 per day. " Rage 5 
 
 — Daily Inter Ocean . Chicago, July 3. (IC) Col. 3 
 
 ". . . The docks of the different transportation 
 companies have hecome blocked to the extent of com- 
 pelling the anchorage of arriving vessels out in the 
 harbor. ..." Page 2 
 
 — Ghic^^go Evening Post . July 3. (IC) Col. 2 
 
 "The strike fever has reached the river men, and the 
 roustabouts employed on the Mississippi river boats 
 have made a demand for $60 a month. This request is 
 considered extortionate, and owners of steamboats jay 
 under no circumstances will it be granted." Page 3 
 
 — Kewnnee Courier. July 9. (IK) Col. 2 
 
 ILLINOIS CENTRAL RAILROAD NOT YET 
 BACK TO NORMAL 
 
 "All the freight that accumulated on the sidetracks July 2 
 while the strike was in progress has been moved, but 
 there is still a rush of business that was delayed at 
 the central points and delivery of which could not be 
 accepted from the shippers. . . . The company is set- 
 tling the claims for loss by the delay as fast as they 
 are presented" even though they might not be valid 
 in a court of law. Page 8 
 
 — Chicago Evening Post. July 2. (IC) Col. 2
 
 256 ANNALS OF LABOR AIvfD INDUSTRY IN ILLINOIS; 1890 
 
 EAST ST. LOUIS STRIKE SETTLED 
 
 "St. Louis, Mo., — At a conference this morning of the July 2 
 superintendents of the ten roads involved in the plat- 
 form strike in East St. Louis it vms decided to fight 
 it out if it talres all summer. . . . There are very- 
 few men employed in the strikers' places. The super- 
 intendents are now offering $1.75 and $2.00 to men, 
 who are hired ostensibly for track work, but who are 
 really used for freight-handling. . . . The men at a 
 stormy meeting to-night receded from their demand for Page 1 
 $1,50 per day and voted to accept $1.40, an advance Col. 2 
 of 15 cents." 12 o'cl. 
 
 —Chicago Mail , July 2. (ICN) Edition 
 
 "East St. Louis, 111., July 2. — The strike of the 
 freight-handlers has ended and the men have returned 
 
 to work " The new wage agreement is $1.40 
 
 a day and 14<^ an hour for overtime. Page 8 
 
 —Chicago Tribune , July 3. (IC) Col. 4 
 
 TO MANUFACTURE Ti"PE-VJRITiiIRS 
 
 "V/e see by the Alexis (111.) Argus that our former July 3 
 townsman, L. 0. Boostrom, is president of the Alexis 
 Manufacturing Co., a stock company just organizod for 
 thu purpose of man\ifacturing the Alexis Typo-writer, 
 recently invented and patented by A. J. Wallace of 
 that city." Page 4 
 
 — Galva Weekly News , July 3. (IGa) Col. 3 
 
 UPHOLSTERY BUSINESS 
 
 "A Chicago upholsterer, in repairing an old sofa that July 3 
 had been brought to his shop found the following arti- 
 cles, which had slipped dovm bijtween the back and the 
 cushions: 47 hairpins, 3 mustache combs, 10 suspender 
 buttons, 13 needles, 8 cigaretts, 4 photographs, 217 
 pins, some cloves, 27 cuff buttons, 6 pocket knives, 
 15 poker chips, a vial of homeopathic medicine, 34
 
 ANNALS OF LABOR AND INDUSTRY IN ILLINOIS; 189<) 257 
 
 lumps of chewing gum, 56 tooth picks, 28 matches and 
 4 button hooks," Page 2 
 
 — The Leader . Marion, July 3. (iMar) Col, 4 
 
 MRS. OWENS CHAMPIONS CMRKS' CAUSE 
 
 "The clerks in the West Side stores have found a 
 
 champion in Mrs, Mario Owens, the health inspector, 
 
 who has been working early and late, for two weeks 
 
 in the attempt to get the proprietors of stores to 
 
 close their business places at half-past 6 o'clock. Page 3 
 
 « • ," Usxial retail hours are now from 8 in the Col, 2 
 
 morning till 9 at night. 2nd 
 
 — Chicago Tribune . July 4. (IC) Edition 
 
 "The following down-town retail clothiers have agreed 
 to close their respective places of business for the 
 benefit of their employes . during July and August at 
 6:30 P»M, , except Saturday, Messrs, L, Adams & Co., 
 The Plymouth, C. Appel & Co., The Hub, The Globe and 
 The Bell," Page 2 
 
 — Chicago Sunday Globe . July 13. (IC) Col. 3 
 
 "In these days, when a man's life is a ceaseless 
 grind until death grants him a respite, it is refresh- 
 ing to see a movement looking toward a change. The 
 Retail Clerk's Association is just now agitating the 
 early closing movement, and a committee appoimted for 
 that purpose will wait on all the merchants Saturday 
 morning and endeavor to get their cooperation. As 
 matters now stand the clerks are compelled to work 
 about sixteen hours a day, and half of the day on 
 Sunday, Consequently the only time they get to 
 breathe is when they are asleep. The stores are 
 opened at 7 o'clock in the morning and they do not 
 close until 9 or 9:30 o'clock at night during the 
 week and often 10 or 11 o'clock on Saturday, One 
 would about as well be confined in the penitentiary, 
 « . ," Pointing out that such hours are injurious to 
 •health and destructive to happiness the newspaper 
 hopes that "the merchants will enter into hearty co«» 
 operation with their clerks. ..." Page 8 
 
 — Peoria Transcript . July 4, (IP) Col, 5
 
 258 ANNALS OF LABOR AND INDUSTRY IN ILLINOIS: 1890 
 
 A STARCH TRUST ORGANIZED TO ROB THE PEOPLE 
 
 "Encouraged by the success which has attended efforts July 4 
 made to control production and increase the price of 
 other necessaries of life, certain individuals have 
 combined to form a starch trust, though they do not 
 use that obnoxious title. They have organized a com- 
 pany under the laws of the State of Kentucky, with a 
 capital of ten million dollars. . . . Among the con- 
 federated or consolidated companies are: 
 
 William F. Piel company of Indianapolis. 
 Gilbert Starch company of Des Lloines, la. 
 Ottamv;a Starch company of Otturawa, la. 
 Fermonick Manufacturing company of Peoria, 111, 
 Voorheos Starch company of Danville, 111. 
 J. L. VJood Starch company of Coluj;iibus, 0. 
 George Fox Starch company of Cincinnati. 
 Muzzy Starch company of Elkhart, Ind. 
 Excelsior Starch company of Elkhart, Ind. 
 Sleeper Starch comp.any of Des Moines, la. 
 
 "It will be seen that two of the companies are in 
 this State and subject to eome extent, it is to be 
 hoped, to Illinois laws. 
 
 "The objects of this company are two-fold — one is 
 to raise the price of starch on the public and the 
 other is to gajnble in its own watered stock in Wall 
 Street. . . . Money will bo made by squeezing the 
 consumer and by the rise and full of the watered stock. . . 
 
 ". ... Is it not about time to act before everything 
 becomes the subject of a 'trust' and immense plunder Page 4 
 interests are are created to bleed the people which Col. 3 
 every day will make it harder to uproot?" 2nd 
 
 — Chicago Ti'ibune (editorial), July 4. (IC) Edition 
 
 WATCH FACTORIES BUSY 
 
 "The Rockford Register says that the factory there is July 
 enjoying steady and rapid progress. In fourteen years 
 the business has amounted to :ip3 , 000 , 000 . This year
 
 AMALS OF LABOR AM) imUSTRY IH ILLIITOIS: 1890 259 
 
 40,000 watches have teen made and sold, and 
 
 atout $18,000 is paid out monthiy in salaries. New 
 
 sizes are soon to be turned out. 
 
 ---E1^^^ Dn.j.;LY News. July 5. Page 3 
 (G-ail Borden Public Library) Col. 4 
 
 NEGROES REPLACE WHITE WORKERS 
 
 "Joliet, 111., July 7, — Special Telegram. — It is now July 7 
 feared that trouble will result from the stone quarry 
 strike. Todaj' was the limit given the men by the 
 operators to go to work. The men did not go to work 
 and the operators say they will have 800 negroes hore 
 before Monday. . . . The men met today and resolved 
 to stand firm for $2 a day. ..." Page 6 
 
 —Daily Inter Ocean . Chicago, July 8. (IC) Col. 1 
 
 "Springfield, 111. , July 28.— S. B. Eaton, superin- 
 tendent of the Jupiter coal mines at Duquoin, was 
 here today and engaged fifty negro coal miners to 
 take the places of the striking miners. It is feared Page 1 
 there will be trouble when the colored miners attempt Col. 7 
 to go to work." 12 o'cl. 
 
 — Chicago Mail . July 29, (ICN) Edition 
 
 "Duquoin, 111. , July 29. — The lockout at the Jupiter 
 mines has put the town in an uproar and the streets 
 were crowded tonight with all classes of people. The 
 miners are awaiting the result of their efforts to Page 3 
 induce the twenty-five colored miners imported from Col. 3 
 Springfield, 111., to quit the mines." 3 o'cl, 
 
 — Chicago Mail . July 30. (ICN) Edition 
 
 "Joliet, 111. , July 28. — One white brakeman has been 
 removed from each passenger train on the Rock Island 
 route and their places have been filled with negroes. " Page 8 
 —Daily Inter Ocean . Chicago, July 29. (IC) Col. 5 
 
 THE EDISON PHONOGRAPH ARRIVES IN QUINCY 
 
 "That wonderful instrument, the perfected phonograph, July 
 has arrived in Qaincy, and has given an exhibition of
 
 260 ANIJALS OF LABOR AND INDUSTRY IN ILLINOIS; 1890 
 
 its ability to repeat anything poured into its sympa- 
 thetic ear. ..." Page 4 
 — Quincy Herald , July 8. (IQJI) Col, 4 
 
 WOliEt^ SUCCESSFUL APIARISTS 
 
 "The honey records reported by a number of enterpris- July 9 
 in£i women prove that bee keeping is an industry in 
 
 which the gentle sex may be eminently successful." Page 4 
 
 - -Champaign Daily Gazette , July 9. (lU) Col. 3 
 
 ELECTRIC STREET LIGHTS 
 
 The Jenny Electric Light and Power company contracts July 
 to furnish and maintain 66 street lights. "One is to 
 be free and placed on the bridge. For the other 65 
 the city is to pay 0478,72 a month or eighty dollars 
 per light per year. They are to be lighted from twi- 
 light to 1 A.M. unless there is bright moonlight, and 
 the chairman of the council committee on gas and light 
 is to be judge of the moonlight. Each additional 
 light put in is at the rate of $75 per annum. The 
 lights are to be of 2,000 candle power, and v,'ithin 
 thirty days the company is to put in an additional 18 
 light dynamo or forfeit $5 per day to the city for ev- 
 ery day over thirty that the djoiaiao is not put in. 
 The council is to judge of and accept the new machine 
 and the police are to check all defective lights." 
 
 — Daily Evening Post , Pekin, July 9. 
 (Office of Pekin Daily Times) 
 
 RAILV;aY PAS3E^JGER SCHEDULES IIv5PR0VING 
 
 ?fThe new tyne card of the St. L. A, and T. H. R. R. July 10 
 makes this road second to none in this section in the 
 way of accommodations for passengers. There are four 
 passenger and express trains da^ly, two each way. One
 
 AMALS OF LABOR AMD IKPUSTRY IN ILLINOIS; 1890 261 
 
 provision of tha new schedule is that freight trains 
 do not carry passengers . . . . " Page 5 
 
 — The Leader . Marion, July 10. (iMar) Col. 1 
 
 ". . . . The 'Dolly' is "by time card the fastest train 
 in the state. It runs from Galeshurg to Burlington, 
 via Galva, a distance of 111 miles, in three hours 
 and forty-five minutes. It makes 29 stops, hacks uP 
 three miles and lays in Galva ten minutes, ..." 
 
 — Geneseo Repuhlic . July 4. Page 1 
 (Office of Geneseo Repuhlic ) Col. 1 
 
 "Superintendent of Railway Mail Service White and his 
 Party, including representativesof the press, left 
 the Illinois Central Lake street station at 3:15 
 o'clock this morning on the fast mail train and six 
 hours later took hreakfast at Centralia, HI." The 
 915 mile run hetween Chicago and New Orleans will he 
 covered in a little mors than twenty-nine hours. Page 1 
 Mail schedules will he improved hy eight to twelve Col. 4 
 hours. 12 o'cl. 
 
 — Chicago Mail . July 7. (ICN) Edition 
 
 TO ESSmffl WOPJC 
 
 "The Standard Mills, which hav3 heen idle ^or about July 10 
 two months past, will resume operations some time 
 this week. This will he good news to the army of em- 
 ployes and others who work in connection with the 
 mills, such as coopers, etc. The Standard Mills have 
 heen running very steadily for over three years, this 
 heing ahout the only suspension of note during the 
 period." Page 5 
 
 — Alton Sentinel-Democrat . July 10. (lU) Col. 2 
 
 NEW CORPORATIONS 
 
 "The Imperial Portrait Company, at Chicago, to pro- July 11 
 
 duce pictures and other works of art; capital stock Pago 3 
 
 $3,000." Col. 1 
 
 —Chicago Mail . July 11. (ICN) 5 o'cl. 
 
 Edition
 
 262 AInINALS of L/^OR AND INDUSTRY IN ILLINOIS: 1890 
 
 "Springfield, 111., July 14. — American Woman's Canning 
 Company, Chicago, to manufacture and soil all kinds of 
 canned and preserved goods; capital stock, $100,000; 
 incorporators, Amanda T. Jones, Mary Allen West, Helen 
 M. Hood, Frances A, Conant and Eliza V/, Bowman. 
 
 "Dearborn Improvement Company, Chicago, to do a gen- 
 eral building and improvement business; capital stock, 
 ^100,000; incorporators, Fred I. Hill, W. L. Abbott 
 and George N. Morgan." Pago 3 
 
 — Chicago Evening Post , July 14. (IC) Col. 4 
 
 GAS RiaUlAY CAR ATTAINS SPEED OF TEN MILES 
 AN HOUR 
 
 "The Connelly Gas motor used last week for experimen- July 11 
 tation on the West Lake Street Line, crossed the river 
 for the first time yesterday afternoon. The 25 pas- 
 sengers in the car included the company manager Nagle, 
 and the Connelly brothers, inventors of the motor. 
 The car drove at ten miles per hour without accident. 
 The steep ascent over the bridge was done with ease. 
 This motor v;ill be used in the future on the cable 
 trains." 
 
 — Illinois Staats-Zeitung , Chicago Page 5 
 (trans.), July 12. (ICN) Col. 1 
 
 BICYCLES 
 
 "Bicycles are becoming moro popular all the time and July 11 
 before long every young man and young woman will have 
 
 to have one in order to be considered at all fly." Page 3 
 
 —Daily Union, Rock Island, July 12. (IR) Col. 2 
 
 NEV/ WIRE MILL FOR ClilCAGO 
 
 Plans are nearing completion for the erection in July 12 
 Chicago of a wire mill by the Washburn and Moen
 
 ANNAL30F LABOR AND INDUSTRY IN ILLINOIS: 1890 
 
 Manufacturing company of Worcester, Massachusetts. 
 Ground has been purchased bet-<veen 110th and 114th 
 streets and work bogun on the plant. Buildinr.s to 
 cost $1,000,000 will be erected on the firm's sixty 
 acre site. Page 2 
 
 — Chicago Tribune , July 12, (IC) Col. 5 
 
 SATURDAY A TEN-KOUR DAY FOR BAKERS 
 
 At a meeting of the German unions of bakers of July 12 
 
 Chicago in July, "it was resolved to present to the 
 bosses our demands of 1888 except that 10 hours were 
 demanded for Saturday (instead of 12 hours asked in 
 1888 ) The bosses, with a few exceptions, recognizod 
 the demands." Page 2 
 
 — Bakers Journal, New York, Aug. 16. (ICJ) Col. 4 
 
 TICKET SELLKG IN THE HOTELS 
 
 "General passenger agents in the city arc Tory in- July 12 
 dignant at the action of the proprietors of the 
 Palmer House in granting a long lease of the ticket 
 office ... to a firm of brokers. . . . They say 
 thr.t a restoration of tickets to the hotels will be 
 the first step in the bringing about of another rate 
 war. ..." Page 3 
 
 — Chicrjjo Evening Post, July 12. (IC) Col. 5 
 
 ROCK ISL'J© BRICK FACTORY BUSY 
 
 "The most important of Rock Island's industrial ac- July 15 
 quisitions this ye:ir begins active operations this 
 week. ... On Saturday five of the nine kilns were 
 finished. ..." The others will soon be ready. 
 The ordinary output is 40,000 bricks in a ten-hour 
 day. An order for paving bricks from Ottumwa, Iowa, 
 will double the output. The capacity of 100,000 
 a day. Page 3 
 
 —Daily Union, Rock Island, July 13. (IR) Col. 4
 
 264 
 
 ANI-IALS OF LABOR AND INDUSTRY W ILLINOIS: 1890 
 
 "Considerable difficulty is being experienced in 
 placing the high smoke stack in position at the new 
 brick factory. On Sunday it took a tumble when 
 nearly in position, crushing and bending it out of 
 shape. And when reparied and an attempt was made on 
 Monday to raise it, it again came down, with even 
 more disastrous results than before." 
 
 — Daily Union , Rock Island, July 15. (IR) 
 
 "The Rockford Construction Co. has now got the smoke- 
 stack of its South Rock Island brick factory in 
 place." 
 
 —Daily Union, Rock Island, July 17, (IR) 
 
 Page 3 
 Col. 2 
 
 Page 3 
 Col. 2 
 
 C;\BLE CARS BRING SOUTK SIDE 
 BML ESTATE BOOM 
 
 "During the past week the South Side cable has been July 14 
 extended as far south as Seventy-fifth street and a 
 number of new subdivisions have been laid out." 
 The value of vacant lots has appreciated 400?^ in 
 some cases. Page 7 
 
 — Chicago Evening Post , July 14. (IC) Col. 3 
 
 LABOR'S CALL FOR UNITED POLITICAL ACTION 
 
 "The Executive Committee of the Union Labor party in 
 conference assembled in Galesburg June 30, adopted 
 the following resolution: 
 
 July 15 
 
 "Resolved, That the Secretary of this meeting be and 
 is hereby instructed to correspond with various Labor 
 Organizations, Farmers' Alliance, Grange Organizations, 
 and all who are willing to linite on one common plat- 
 form, embracing sound principles, and invite them to 
 sond delegates to a joint conference meeting to bo 
 held at Yatos City for the purpose of united politi- 
 cal action. ..." 
 
 — Peoria Transcript , July 15. (IP) 
 
 Page 8 
 Col. 3
 
 ANNALS OF lABOR AND INDUSTRY IN ILLINOIS: 1890 255 
 
 NO ILLINOIS STOCKHOLDERS? 
 
 "The Illinois Central people are asking their employes ^^^^ — i^ 
 to buy stock in the company. It would indeed be a 
 good thing for that corporation to have some native 
 stockholders," Page 4 
 
 — Chicago Evening Post (editorial), July 14, (IC) Col. 3 
 
 STICKNEY TRANSI:ER DEPOT PROPOSED 
 
 The sale of the Union Stock Yards' interest in the July 14 
 Stickney tract has renewed rumors that freight trans- 
 fer facilities are about to be enlarged in that dis- 
 trict. Thus the time necessary to transfer a through 
 car from one railroad to another would be reduced from 
 five days to a maximum of twelve hours. "As early as 
 1887 H, H. Porter, of the Eastern Illinois Road, was 
 requested by them to present a plan whereby the pres- 
 ent difficulties could be overcome. . . . The method 
 he suggested . . . was the construction of a belt road 
 around Chicago from a connection with the most east- 
 erly road running north of Chicago to the most east- 
 erly road r\inning south of Chicago, in which each road 
 should take stock approximately relative to its propor- 
 tion of the business. ..." Page 7 
 — Chicago Evening Post . July 14. (IC) Col. 1 
 
 ElfiCTRICITY IN INDUSTRY 
 
 "The introduction of electric welding is not now of July 15 
 the remote future, but is an almost accomplished fact. 
 The electric welders have been shipped from Boston by 
 express and will probably bo received today. The 
 work of setting up the machinery already begun will 
 be completed in a few days, and the most modern ap- 
 plication of electricity will be an early day occur- 
 rence." Page 5 
 — (juincy Herald . July 15. (IQJT) Col. 2
 
 266 AITOALS OF LABOR AND INDUSTRY IN ULIIIOIS; 1890 
 
 "Decatur has a blacksmith shop which is run by a ten- 
 horse power electric motor. Thirty hands are em- 
 ployed." Page 1 
 — Champaign Daily Gazette , July 21. (lU) Col. 4 
 
 "Henry Villard expresses his positive opinion that 
 in five years there will not be a steam locomotive 
 on any railway in the United States; and every kind 
 of machinery vjill be driven by electricity." Page 2 
 
 —Daily Union, Rock Island, July 15. (IR) Col. 1 
 
 NA'TURAL GAS IN INDUSTRY 
 
 "The first brick made with natural gas in Illinois July 15 
 were made at Sparta. lAr. J. v;. McMaster has just 
 completed a kiln of fine brick, burned by natural 
 gas. It does the work better than wood, and in 
 much less time and with half the expense. It was 
 a grand sight to witness the burning flues when 
 
 filled with solid flames of gas. — Plaindealer." Page 1 
 
 —The Leader , Marion, July 21. (B/Iar) Col. 4 
 
 "That natural gas will be distributed in Chicago at 
 
 an early date seams to be assured. , . and those Page 1 
 
 interested are confident that the pipes will be laid Col. 1 
 
 to the Illinois State line by November. ..." 3 o'cl. 
 
 — Chicago Evening Journal, July 9. (IC) Edition 
 
 MERCURY MD ICE 
 
 Among new corporations chartered at Springfield is July 16 
 
 "I'lational Electric Ice Machine Company at Chicago, Page 3 
 
 to manufacture ice and ice machines; capital stock, Col. 1 
 
 $1,000,000." 5 o'cl. 
 
 — Chicago Mail , July 11. (ICN) Edition 
 
 ". . . The me:^cu^y goes up, so does ice. The mer- 
 cury is dodging around the eighties, and ice prompt- Page 2 
 ly goes up to 80 cents per 100 po\inds. There's no Col. 1 
 telling where this thing vjill end. . ." 12 o'cl, 
 —Chicago Mail (editorial), July 15. (ICN) Edition
 
 AlvIKALS OF LABOR AUD INDUSTRY IN ILLINOIS: 
 
 ". . . This state of affairs catches the small 
 butchers and saloon-men in a trap, with a choice of 
 either putting up the price of meat and beer, work- 
 ing without profit or closing up shop, just as they 
 please. ..." Page 4 
 
 — Chicago Globe . July 15. (10) Col. 4 
 
 REDUCTION m FREIGHT RATES 
 AFFECTS CORN PRICES 
 
 ". . . The reduction in freight rates was followed July 16 
 by a drop in the price of corn on the Chicago Board 
 of Trade equivalent to the less cost of transporta- 
 tion. . . . The immediate benefits of the reduction 
 were reaped solely by the shippers, who had already 
 bought this corn and were waiting to move it to 
 
 market." Page 7 
 
 — Chicago Evening Post , July 16. (IC) Col. 1 
 
 N"Ei''/ RAILV/AY EQ,UIPt;EITT 
 
 "... The Pullman Company has now orders . . . for July 17 
 nearly 2,000 cars . . . the Illinois Central Rail- 
 road has ordered thirty locomotives, the Vfest Vir- 
 ginia Central has ordered 300 freight cars. . . . 
 the Louisville, New Albany £i Chicago is daily in- 
 creasing its stock of locomotives and freight cars. Page 7 
 
 — Chicago Evening Post , July 17. (IC) Col. 1 
 
 "It is reported that the Liilwaulcco & St. Paul Road 
 has decided to build a track tank 12,000 feet long, 
 half-way bctxveen Chicago and St Paul, from which 
 the engines can take water while the trains maintain 
 their highest speed." Pago 7 
 
 — Chicago Evening Post , July 1. (IC) Col. 1 
 
 "... One fourth of all the passenger cars in the 
 country are heated by steam." Although car stoves 
 caused many fatalities, until recently the railroads 
 maintained that heating by steam would be impractical. Pago 1 
 —Champaign Daily Gazette , July 2. (lU) Col. 4
 
 268 AMALS OF LABOR AITO INDUSTRY DJ ILLINOIS: 1890 
 
 A strooinlinod rapid transit car "one hxmdred feet 
 long and shaped at each end like the smaller end of 
 a cigar" was designed to seat forty persons. Rails 
 on floor and ceiling of a tubular conduit wore to 
 accomniodatc twelve-foot wheels. Attaining a speed 
 of two hundred miles an hour, the car was to bring 
 New York within six hours' ride of Chicago. 
 
 — Locomotive Engineers ' Journal, July 1. (ICJ) Pago 552 
 
 The Jacksonville and Southeastern Railroad reports 
 the purchase of two monstrous six-wheel drive loco- 
 motives of the Mogul type. 
 
 — Daily Evening Post , Pekin, July 3. Page 4 
 (Office of Pekin Daily Times ) Col. 3 
 
 Q,UINCY 3.iW MILL TO REOPEN 
 
 The Quincy saw mill, considered the finest in the July 17 
 Mississippi Valley when built ten years ago at a 
 cost of nearly $200,000, was sold yesterday for 
 $25,000 to a sjTidicate of men from Hannibal, Mis- 
 souri, and La Crosse, Wisconsin. The mill con 
 tained the most modern labor-saving devices, but 
 failed to operate at a profit and closed about five 
 years ago. The new owners have 20,000,000 logs in 
 the water and own extensive pine lands. After six 
 weeks' reconditioning, the mill will begin operations 
 with a force of three hundred. "Q,uincy is to be con- 
 gratulated that the mill which has cost her people so 
 much hard cash is to be a permanent institution. ..." Pago 5 
 —Quincy Herald. July 18. (IQN) Col. 1 
 
 ILLINOIS FACTORIES BUILDING /JCi EXP/il^ING 
 
 "The Davenport Glucose Works have been sold to the July 18 
 American Preserves Co., of Pittsburgh, and will be 
 
 moved to Chicago. The price paid was $1,150,000." Page 4 
 
 — Galva Weekly News. July lO.(IGa) Col. 3
 
 AIJl'IALS OF LA30R AI^ID IimUSTRY IN ILLINOIS; 1890 269 
 
 "Four glass factories are in process of erection at 
 Streator, 111., involving an outlay of $300,000." Page 3 
 — Champaign Daily Gazette . July 15. (lU) Col, 5 
 
 "Four glass factories are in process of erection at 
 Streator, Hi. , involving an outlaj"- of $300,000." Page 1 
 — Galva Standard . July 18. (I&a) Col. 3 
 
 "The condensing factory at Carpnntersville is con- 
 templating an enlarged capacity. New "boilers will 
 "be placed in position and 30,000 quarts of milk will 
 be wanted in the fall." 
 
 Two months' work is comtemplatod in improving the 
 
 plant of the Bolt company. 
 
 — Elgin Daily News . July 17. Page 3 
 (Gail Borden Public Library) Col. 2 
 
 THE SITUATION IN EAST ST. LOUIS 
 
 ". . . It is not here and there you see a house July 18 
 going up, but it is a perfect wilderness of new 
 houses that meets the eye, not including the down- 
 town business structure^ in co'orse of erection. 
 . . ." The population will double in 1891. 
 
 — East St. Loui^ Daily Journal (editorial), Page 2 
 July 18. (lEa) Col. 1 
 
 "Alton is endeavoring to build an opera house, but 
 that beautiful city will have to climb rapid and 
 high if it expects to keep pace with East St. Louis, 
 The McCasland Opera House, a magnificent structure, 
 covering an area 70 b.y 120 feet , has already reached 
 the 2nd atory, and , , , is to eclipse anything of 
 the sort in Southern Illinois." 
 
 — East St. Louis Daily Journal (editorial) , Page 2 
 July 21. (lEa) Col. 1
 
 270 ANNALS OF LABOR Al^JD INDUSTRY DT ILLINOIS: 1890 
 
 QUARRY STRIKE FaILS 
 
 "Joliet, 111,, July 19. — Work has been resumed in July 19 
 
 the Joliet stone quarries, the strike having failed 
 
 and the men quietly returning to work. The men have 
 
 lost a month's work and the quarry owners have lost 
 
 heavily in orders, which have been directed to other 
 
 stone fields, 
 
 —Chicago Mail , July 19. (ICN) 
 
 The dispute arose over the fact that the workmen re- 
 fused to keep their agreement to work for $1.75 a 
 day of ten hours, but demanded $2 a day. 
 
 — Chicago Tribune, July 4. (IC) 
 
 RITER COMERCE 
 
 HELP WANTED 
 
 Page 
 
 4 
 
 Col. 
 
 1 
 
 3 o'cl. 
 
 Edition 
 
 Page 
 
 5 
 
 Col. 
 
 5 
 
 2nd 
 
 
 Editi 
 
 on 
 
 "There is a great revival in the river business this July 30 
 season, both in passenger travel and the transporta- 
 tion in freight which has been larger than for many 
 years. . . . Over $1,000,000 were expended this year 
 in the construction of new steamboats for the xvest- 
 ern waters, and territories have been opened up that 
 have been abandoned. The good work of the United 
 States government in the improvement of rivers has 
 had much to do v;ith the promising outlook for the 
 river commerce." Page 3 
 
 — Daily Union, Rock Island, July 20. (IR) Col. 3 
 
 "The estimate for the improvement of the Mississippi 
 river between the Ohio and Illinois rivers- for the 
 year is $1,000,000." Page 4 
 
 — Daily Union , Rock Island, July 13. (IR) Col. 5 
 
 "Wonted — 50 little girls, between 5 and 7 years of July 20 
 ago. Apply at stage door Chicago Opera House, 
 
 Monday, 10 A.M." Page 11 
 
 —Sunday Inter Ocean . Chicago, July 20. (IC) Col. 4
 
 AMALS OF LABOR AND IITOUSTRY IN ILLINOIS: lfl90 221 
 
 "Wanted - fifteen elevator carpenters ty A. E. Houstain, 
 Reynolds, Illinois. Regular wages will "be paid." Page 4 
 —Rock Ifll.ind Argas ■ July 8. (iRa) Col. 4 
 
 "Framers are paying fro.-n $1.75 to $2 per day for har- 
 vest hands." 
 
 — Geneseo ReTJuhlic . July 18. Page 8 
 (Office of Geneseo Republic ) Col. 3 
 
 "Joliet, 111., July 15. Laboring men are wanted in 
 Joliet, 111. Manufacturing, guarrying, "building and 
 merchandising have increased so rapidly as to create 
 a scarcity of common laborers." Page 6 
 
 —Daily Intey Ocean . Chicago, July 16. (IC) Col. 2 
 
 "Hands are very scarce. At no time since war times 
 
 have they been as scarce as at present." 
 
 — G-eneseo Republic . July 18. Page 4 
 (Office nf Geneseo Republic ) Col. 6 
 
 COMPANY ALLEGES CONDUCTORS POCKET CASH FARES 
 
 "The Chicago & Alton railroad has discharged a large July 22 
 
 number of its old conductors for alleged pocketing of Pag© 1 
 
 cash fares. The company suspected for a long time Col. 6 
 
 that it was being systematically robbed. ..." 12 o'cl. 
 
 - -Chicago Mail . July 23. (ICN) Edition 
 
 ". , . It is stated that many more a^e doomed. The 
 Companj' has been doing some detective work that has 
 resulted in the conclusion that a number of situa- 
 tions should at once be vacated." Page 2 
 — Daily Inter Ocean. Chicago, July 22. (IC) Col. 7 
 
 CHARGE CARPENTERS VIOLATE TERMS OF 
 ARBITRATION 
 
 "Trouble is again brewing among the carpenters. The July 23 
 new bosses' association is kicking vigorously against 
 alleged violations of the arbitration agreement by 
 the carpenters' council, and it is probable that a
 
 ANIJALS OF LABOR AND INDUSTRY IN ILLnTOIS: 
 
 serious disagreement between the two organizations Page 1 
 
 may ensue, 
 
 Col. 5 
 
 - Chicago Mail , July 23. (ICN) 3 o'cl.Ed, 
 
 AlERICAK-MADE BINDING T.^imE 
 
 "The best of binder twine can and has been made of July 24 
 hemp grown in Illinois. V/e saw a sample last week. 
 that was manufactured in Peoria of Illinois grown 
 hemp and it was decidedly a better and cheaper arti- 
 cle than the twine manufactured of improted materi- 
 al. ..." 
 
 — Cambridge Chronicle , July 24. Page 1. 
 
 (Office of Cambridge Chronicle) Col. 4 
 
 INDUSTRIES SUBSIDIZED BY ILLIITOIS TO'MS 
 
 "The efforts of the Business Men's Association have 
 at last borne fruit. . . . The Taylor Fibre Manu- 
 facturing Company, of Chicago, vjho were recently 
 burned out, proposed to erect their now works in 
 Kankakee, if the people would donate three acres of 
 ground and $14,000 in cash. The plant is to consist 
 of a three story and basement building 40 by 150 
 feet, equipped with the necessary machinery for turn- 
 ing out refrigerators, water coolers, and many other 
 articles made from wood pulp. ..." 
 
 — Kankakee Gazette, July 24. Page 1 
 (Office of Kankakee Gazette ) Col. 4 
 
 Representatives of the Business Men's Association 
 signed an agreement by the terms of which the Taylor 
 Company is to receive $7,000 ivhen the roof is on, 
 and $7,000 when the factory begins operations. 
 Sixty to one hundred hands will be employed, 
 
 — Kankakee Gazette , July 31. Page 1 
 (Office of Kankakee Gazette ) Col. 5 
 
 "Bloomington, 111., has secured by a subscription 
 of $75,000 the Emerson & Fisher carriage factory, of 
 Cincinnati, which will give employment to 150 men." Page 1 
 — Daily Inter Ocea n, Chicago, July 8. (IC) Col. 1
 
 ANNALS OF LABOR MP INDUSTRY IN ILLINOIS; 1890 273 
 
 "No stronger argument for the value of manufact-ures 
 to a town or city is to "bo foimcL than the relative 
 growth of towns and cities where an effort is "being 
 made to secure manufacturing establishments and where 
 they secure them, and that of towns where no effort 
 is "being made in that direction. Towns of the former 
 class have increased from 90 to 160 per cent, and 
 towns of the latter class have increased only from 
 10 to 35 per cent. ... As a sample of towns of 
 the former class . . . Streator, 150 per cent; 
 Chicago, 130 per cent; Joliet, 126 per cent; Aurora, 
 125 per cent; Decatur, 110 per cent; Rockford, 90 
 per cent; East St. Louis, 100 per cent." Exclusively 
 agricultural towns have barely held their own. Page 4 
 
 — Milledeeville Free Press (editorial), July 11. (lU) Col. 3 
 
 A lengthy article states that manufacturers of shoes, 
 watches, and wire cloth are among those seeking plant 
 locations and stock subscriptions through the &alva 
 Improvement Association. Page 4 
 
 - -&alva Weekly News . July 24. (iGa) Col. 5 
 
 "Collinsville, Hi. — . . . Mr. 0. F. Meister is 
 under no obligation to the people of Collinsville for 
 a penny, but, on the contrary, the people, and par- 
 ticularly the business men, ought to be very thought- 
 ful, and are in every sense of the term, to Mr. Meister 
 for putting the third largest zinc works plant in 
 America right in our midst, and that, too, without 
 asking a penny of the citizens of Collinsville. ..." Page 5 
 — Alton Sentinel-Democrat . July 17. (lU) Col. 5 
 
 CO-OPERATIVE INDUSTRIAL UNION 
 
 "Peoria, 111. , July 24. —A meeting of the Co-opera- July 24 
 tive Industrial Union, comprising delegates from the 
 labor organizations and farmers' alliances held a 
 meeting in Fredrich' s European Hotel today, and de- 
 cided to build a manufactory, which will be started 
 on a $25,000 basis. The object is to manufacture 
 all sorts of farming implements and furnish them to 
 farmers in the union at cost of production. The 
 general office will be located in Springfield. ..." Page 1 
 — Daily Inter Ocean . Chicago, July 25. (IC) Col. 5
 
 £74 AKNMB OF LABOR AMD mDUSTRY IN ILLINOIS; 1890 
 
 BIG FOUR MAKES V/AGE ADJUSTMENT 
 
 "The Big Four has adjusted the matter of wages with July 24 
 several classes of its employes. So far as the train 
 service is concerned, all employes, as far as prac- 
 ticable, are to be paid on a mileage basis to apply 
 to all divisions of the system. Engineers running 
 passenger trains will receive 3g cents per mile. 
 Freight engineers v;ill receive 4 cents per mile, ex- 
 cept those who run on the largo new freight engines, 
 who will receive 4^^ cents. Under the now scale of 
 wages the switching engineers, the switchmen and the 
 yard men will receive ^2.70 per day, and :;i;2.75 for 
 night work." 
 
 — Kankakee Gazette , July 24. Page 5 
 (Office of Kankakee Gazette ) Col. 2 
 
 ivtlCHINlCRy jiND THE V/ORKIIAN 
 
 "There is one way thit the protective principle has July 25 
 worked against the wa.TC-vjcrkor that is a very curi- 
 ous anC important one. The heavy protection fur- 
 nished has ^jji.abJeA "ciio nfaiaC-.^-Cuures to build up 
 Gnoxr.ioui- e?bt^b ■.ipj.\m6n"s ccr i-^.lning porfocted machin- 
 ery i'i eve:"/ oopr..:"::r;rJjvi:.. ['errected machinery jaerely 
 requires suucri'j.t--nr'.3nG-3 j;i:i often does the work of 
 many lie a,, " 'J":ircu,^:T i",he oxoonsive use of machinery 
 labor ha5 dCeion-Jt 'tod to a commodity for which man- 
 ufactu.r^-^r^i Q-.'-\ Ar. i:-. r.he niarkr^t. Page 2 
 
 -■•C."'. ;..£',. 'Mobe (editorial), July 25. (10) Col. 2 
 
 "E. 7/. Q,u?.nc.,- o." 1-M3 city is about to secure pat- 
 ents on an r-to:.:;.' liC cor"-husking machine which will 
 do the work :;f .;"ix-:;ocn men. Ho has been laboring on 
 the details of che nachiie nearly all his life, and 
 is about to achieve success. His plans of the vrork- 
 ings of the machine. , . are very clear and compro- 
 hensivo." Page 8 
 
 — Peoria Transcript , July 3. (IP) Col. 3 
 
 Mr. Quincy, of Peoria, is attempting to interest 
 Galva business men in manufacturing his corn-husking 
 machine. Page 3 
 
 —Galva Standard, July 11. (IGa) Col. 5
 
 XMALS 07 LABOR ML INDUSTRY IN ILLINOIS; 1890 
 
 CAHPEIWERS' TRADE ILAR 
 
 "Although the carpenters' strike is supposed to have 
 "been permanently settled, the union men are still 
 waging a guerrilla warfare against the old Carpenters 
 and Builders' association and the non-union men en>- 
 ployed "by its nembers. One of the latest of these 
 outhreaks was connitted Wednesday night, when unknown 
 vandals hroke into three "buildings. . . and de- 
 stroyed all the interior woodwork. . ." The new 
 Boss Carpenters' Association charge the journeymen 
 with violating the wage agreenent. 
 
 —Chicago Daily News . July 25. (ICN) 
 
 July 25 
 
 Page 1 
 Col. 3 
 11 o'cl. 
 Edition 
 
 "Yesterday the union carpenters received word fron 
 the new "bosses' association that the scale of 37^ 
 cents agreed upon Aug. 1 would not "be paid, and 
 a strike is imminent." 
 
 —Daily Inter Ocean . Chicago, July 26, (IC) 
 
 Page 
 Col. 
 
 TIN AKD SEEST IRON WORKERS STRIKE 
 
 "Wednesday seventy-ei.iiht tin workers and sheet iron July 25 
 jo"b workers, employed "by Miller Bros., No. 129 
 Clinton street, struck "because the firm placed can- 
 vas over their windows to prevent their employes 
 from seeing the striking cornice-workers, who were 
 outside. . . . The firm agreed to remove the can- 
 vas and the men returned to work. " Page 7 
 — Daily Inter Ocean . Chicago, July 25. (IC) Col. 5 
 
 AURORA STOVE FACTORY BUSY 
 
 Rath"bone, Sard & Company, Aurora stove manufacturers, 
 employ 150 men at present, "but expect to increase 
 the num"ber to five or six hundred within the next 
 thdrty days, 
 
 — Daily Inter Ocean . Chicago, July 12. (IC) 
 
 "The announcement of. . . the "beginning of opera- 
 tions there is the most interesting event in stove 
 circles this year. " The first melt was made June 23. 
 — Chicago Tribune . July 26. (IC) 
 
 Jniy 26 
 
 Pa^e 
 
 7 
 
 Col. 
 
 5 
 
 Page 
 
 11 
 
 Col. 
 
 5 
 
 2nd 
 
 
 Edition
 
 A13NALS OF L/vBOR AI^'D ItJDUSTHY M ILLINOIS: 1890 
 
 NO UNION LABOR IN YERK3S' ELIPLOY 
 
 "'Sooner than allovj my company to be dictated to by July 27 
 
 a crowd of mon under the leadership of Socialists 
 
 and Anarchists I will discharge every one on the 
 
 road. I will not tolerate any union among the mon, 
 
 and every one who joins any labor association will 
 
 be minus his job,' These v;ords froiu the head of the Page 5 
 
 North Side Street railway company can be given but Col. 1 
 
 one construction and that is obvious. ..." 2nd 
 
 — Chicago Sunday Tribune , July 27. (IC) Edition 
 
 arPLOYES SH/iHE ILLINOIS STEEL PROFITS 
 
 "At Joliot Monday the employes of the Illinois Steel July 28 
 Company received one per cent on their salaries, the 
 first instalLnent under the profit sharing scheme. 
 It is proposed to pay employes quarterly a portion 
 (3f the profits amounting to 5 per cent per annum of 
 their salaries after they have served the company- 
 one year." The company's 960 Joliot employes shared 
 the $4,000 dividend. Page 1 
 
 —Daily Inter Ocean , Chicago, July 29. (IC) Col. 1 
 
 "This is a happy day for the steel mill employes — 
 one long to be remembered. It brought the first 
 practical results of the profit-sharing system in- 
 augurated last winter by the Illinois Steel company 
 in the Joliet branch. ..." Pago 3 
 
 — Daily News , Joliet, July 28. Col. 1 
 (Joliet Public Library) 
 
 THE BiJCiSS' STRIKE 
 
 "The bakers' strike is practically settled. The July 28 
 threatened bread famine has been averted. Most of 
 
 the employing bakers have granted the demctids of the Page 3 
 
 mon, and the men will hereafter work ten hours a day Col. 4 
 
 instead of twelve." 2nd 
 
 — Chicago Tribune , July 28, (IC) Edition
 
 AIMNALS OF LABOR AND ILT)USTRY Hi ILLINOIS: 1890 
 
 "The bakers' strike is far from being ended. In fact, 
 it is just Goriunenc ing to get hot. . . . 
 
 "At 2 o'clock this morning a batch of men, numbering 
 between thirty and forty quit work at Bremner's 
 Twelfth and Halsted streets, and six hours later 
 about the same niiraber of bakers also .... were on 
 strike. " 
 
 Organizing separately, American bakers demanded the Page 4 
 
 ten-hour day, while the Germans asked "a concession" Col. 1 
 
 from Bremner. 5 o'cl. 
 
 — Chicago M ail, July 29. (ICN) Edition 
 
 LABOR DAY LEGj\L HOLIDAY FOR CHICACJO 
 CITY K-iPLOYEES 
 
 On Monday a resolution was passed by the Chicago July 28 
 
 City council making the first Monday in September 
 
 (Labor Day) a legal holiday. Exception was made of 
 
 those departments where the city required their 
 
 operation. 
 
 — Chicago City Council Proceedings . 1890-1891. 
 
 (City of Chicago Municipal Reference Library) Page 687 
 
 LONG YEARS OF 7/ORK DESTROYED 
 
 "The Chicago Crucible Steel Casting company, Webster July 29 
 and Elston avenues, underwent a fire loss of from 
 $40,000 to ^50,000 last evening." Ninety workers 
 were in the building at the time. 
 
 "Until yesterday evening the factory was still in 
 the experimental stage. For three years they had 
 tried to forge steel but until last evening they were 
 successful for the first tiiae but the fire destroyed 
 their labors." 
 
 — Illinois Staats-Zointung , Chicago, (trans.), Page 2 
 July 30. (ICN) Col. 4
 
 278 Mmia.S OF LABOR ;JJD EJDUSTRY IN ILLINOIS: 1890 
 
 PK'iKLS W ILLINOIS STRE/MS 
 
 "Four pearls found in the river a few miles from July 50 
 Galena were sold for $400. It is estimated that the 
 amount that v;ill be realized by pearl hunters in 
 that section between now and fall will aggregate 
 $125,000. The business of searching is being system- 
 atically carried on by experienced Scandinavian pearl 
 hunters." Page 8 
 
 —Kewanee Courier, July 30. (IK) Col. 1 
 
 DUQ,U0IN MINERS RETURI^I TO WORK 
 
 "Duquoin, 111., July 30. —The difficulties existing July 50 
 between the operators and miners at the Jupiter 
 mines were amicably settled today by a committee of 
 arbitration, and the best of feeling prevails. . . . 
 Mr. Eaton agrees to pay the miners five cents per 
 ton extra, or 55 cents per ton, from Aug. 1 to Oct. 1. 
 This ends the three months' lock-out." Page 5 
 
 —Chicago Tribune , July 31. (IC) Col. 4 
 
 LABOR LEGISIu'.TION IN REG;jffl TO WORLD'S F..IR 
 
 "Springfield, 111., July 31.-- . . . ;ji amendment July 51 
 providing for the enforcement of the eight hour law 
 among laborers on buildings, and that none but cit- 
 izens of the United States should be employed, was 
 finally adopted in spite of the warning of one of 
 the members that adoption of the clause meant the 
 turning over of the V/orld's Fair to walking dele- 
 gates, and that in that case 'hell vrould be to pay.' 
 This speech was made by Representative Gruham, of 
 Du Page, viho has always been a bitter opponent of 
 what he calls labor demagoguory. " 
 
 Violation of the eight hour provision xvill be con- 
 sidered a misdemeanor, punishable by a $1,000 fine. Page 1 
 — Quincy Herald , Aug. 1. (IQJ^) Col. 1
 
 MIIALS OF lABOR AJID INDUSTRY IN ILLINOIS: 1890 279 
 
 AUGUST 
 
 CAEPEMERS' WARFARE CONTINUES 
 
 "Today will be of decisive si^ificance in the rela- Aug 1 
 tions between the carpenters and the Boss Carpenters 
 & Builders Association, The carpenters insist on the 
 peace contract v/hich was set up on May 3, which in 
 article 5 set the wages of master casrpenters at 35 
 cents an hour to Aug, 1, and 372 cents thereafter. 
 The employers, setting aside the contract, came to a 
 new decision: 'In view of the fact that the Carpen- 
 ters' Council has not lived up to the contract made 
 with us, we, the members of the Boss Carpenters and 
 Builders Association of Chicago are sincerely con- 
 vinced that if we would fulfill the. terms of the con- 
 tract we will be unfair to ourselves. We believe and 
 we know that the Carpenters Council or rather the 
 members controlled by the Council, have broken the 
 contract in numerous instLinces and in such manner as 
 to cause our Association r.ud its members great losses, 
 . , .'" Page 2 
 
 — Illinois Staats-Zeitung . Chicago(trans, ) , Aug, I.(IC) Col, 3 
 
 ", , . Perhaps 200 or more carpenters employed by mem- 
 bers of the Boss Carpenters' and Builders' Association 
 were laid off yesterday on the plea th.-^.t there was no 
 vrork for them to do. This makes the total number of 
 men locked out since Aug, 1 about 500. . , ." Page 7 
 
 — Daily Inter Ocean , Chicago, Aug, 5. (IC) Col. 2 
 
 "The Carpenters' Council, and orgcjiization v/hich pre- 
 tends to htive a membership embracing more than eight 
 thousand v;orking carpenters and joiners in this city, 
 last night disregarded the arbitration agreement with 
 the new bosses and declared a general strike for 
 Sept. 1. All the cai-pentcrs under the jurisdiction 
 of the union, whether working for the members of the 
 Master Builders' Association or the members of the 
 Boss Carpenters and Builders' Association, are alike 
 ordered out on that date. ..." Page 2 
 
 — Chicago Evening Post , Aug. 15. (IC) Col, 5
 
 280 ANXALS OF UBOR AND INDUSTRY IN ILLINOIS; 1890 
 
 CATTLE FROM SPRINGFIELD SENT TO EUROPE 
 
 "Thirty car-loads of fat cattle are to be shipped Aug. 1 
 
 direct from Springfield, Hi., to Europe "by Messrs, 
 Maxwell and Montgomery. The order is a special one 
 and is encouraging to cattle-raisers in this section." Page 2 
 -- Milledgeville Free Press . Aug. 1. (lU) Col. 7 
 
 STREET CAR WAR 
 
 "Galesburg is all tore up or rather her main streets Aug. 1 
 
 are, by a street car war. Two companies claim the 
 right to use the same streets, and having got them 
 into the worst possible condition, the work of both 
 has been stopped by injunctions, leaving the condi- 
 tions of the streets meanwhile in a impassible con- 
 dition to await the law's delay." 
 
 — Geneseo Republic , Aug. 1. Page 7 
 
 (Office of Geneseo Republic) Col. 5 
 
 NEW CORPORATIONS 
 
 "Springfield, Hi., Aug. l.~The Secretary of State Aug. 1 
 
 to-day issued licenses of incorporation to ... : 
 Universal Brotherhood and Sisterhood of America, at 
 Rockford; to create a sentiment for eight hours for a 
 day's labor by organization, public parades, demon- 
 strations, and organizations; incorporators, M» Buck, 
 T. S, Mayer, C. H. Sanderson, tuid others." Page 12 
 
 — Da ily Inter Ocean . Chicago, Aug. 2, (IC) Col. 5 
 
 The following Chicago companies were licensed: 
 International Exhibit company, to obtain exhibits for 
 the World's Fair, capital stock $100,000; Illinois 
 Pneumatic Transit company, a pneuma.tic system for 
 transmission of messages and commodities, capital 
 stock, $500,000; The Chicago Parlor-Frrone company, to 
 manufacture parlor frames, capital stock, $20', 000; Page 1 
 
 Chicago Condiment company, to .iianuf ac ture preserves Col. 5 
 
 and pickles, capital stock, $10,000. 5 o'cl. 
 
 —Chicago Mail , Aug. 4. (ICN) Edition
 
 AfflTALS OF LASOR AWD IiroUSTRY IN ILLINOIS: 1390 
 
 SHIP-OWNERS AGREE TO INCREASE SAILORS' WAGES 
 
 ". . . Today the new scale of wages, $2 for seamen Aug. 1 
 and $1,75 for "bargemen, went into effect. By the new 
 terms the sailors, cooks, mates, boys, etc, must he- 
 long to the union before they can be shipped. To this 
 the vessel-owners were expected to object, 
 
 " Perhaps they will; but the fact that crews are being 
 shipped to-day seems to indicate that they will not. 
 From the seamen's shipping office before 10 o'clock 
 this morning the shipping master had sent out four Page 1 
 crews, booking them at the new rate of wages. No ob- Col, 3 
 jections were offered by the captains. , . ." 12 o'ci 
 
 — Chicago Daily News . Aug. 1. (ICN) Edition 
 
 "Vessel-owners have agreed to the demands of sailors Page 4 
 
 and the rates asked — $2 a day for sailors and $1,75 Col, 2 
 
 for bargemen — will be paid," 3 o'cl, 
 
 — Chicago Mail, Aug, 2. (ICN) Edition 
 
 UNIF05M BILL OF LADING AROUSES SHIPPERS 
 
 ". . , It is, they say, a clever scheme to crowd Aug, 1 
 small shippers out of the market and throw the busi- 
 ness into the hands of a limited n\mber of big ship- 
 pers, so that the traffic may be the more easily con- 
 trolled by the big lines that are anxious to wipe out 
 all competition for it. It v;ould be a much easier 
 matter to deal v/ith a limited number of large shippers 
 than v;ith thousands of small ones, who, as things are 
 at present, ship their goods over cxiy line they please 
 and keep up such a keen competition that rates are 
 constantly affected, The shippers of Chicago and 
 neighboring cities will have another conference here 
 on the subject Aug, 6," Page 7 
 
 — Chicago Evening Post . Aug, 1. (IC) Col, 3 
 
 "The boycott of the shippers against the eastern 
 roads is ended. The result is, hov/cver, due to no 
 action of the shippers, but due to the fact that the 
 Gr?jid Trunk and Wabash yesterday decided to put the 
 uniform bill of lading into effect Sept, 1, This 
 makes all the eastern and soiithern lines a •unit.
 
 282 AMALS CF LABOR AND INDUSTRY IN ILLINOIS; 
 
 there being now no line left which refuses to adopt 
 the hill of lading and in whose favor to discriminate." Page 3 
 — Chicago Daily Globe . Aug, 15. (IC) Col, 5 
 
 NON-UNION BREAD BOYCOTT: BAKERS' STRIKE ENDS 
 
 "Bakers' Union No. 71 is the name of the new English Aug, 1 
 speaking baker's organization. . . ." The Bremner 
 and the Aldrich bakeries are willing to grant shorter 
 hours and an increase in pay, but will not recognize 
 the union. The Waiters' Branch of the Culinary Alli- 
 ance will refuse to serve bread from these two bak- 
 eries. Page 7 
 — Daily Inter Ocean . Chicago, Aug. 1. (IC) Col, 1 
 
 "There is little chojage in the situiition of the bak- 
 ers' strike. The demands of the Gcrmpji Bakers' Union 
 have been acceded to by all the large bakeries employ- 
 ing German bakers except Volz's, at 678 Milwa\:ikee av- 
 enue. There are a few smaller ones that have not Page 1 
 signed the scale. A complete system of pickets is Col, 4 
 kept up around all these places. ..." 12o'cl« 
 
 — Chicago Daily News , Aug. 2, (ICN) Edition 
 
 "The bakers' strike is ended at last with a victory 
 for the employers, in thr.t the bakers agree to return 
 to work on the first proposition offered them. It is 
 a victory also to the employes in that they are to 
 lose no more time in bickering over an uncalled for 
 demand." Hrc Bremner 's terms were outlined at a meet- 
 ing of the English .-.nd German unions. He agreed to 
 pay the union scale of wages and 30 cents rji hour 
 overtime but would not recognize the union or their 
 walking delegates. The agreement was accepted "pjnid 
 an uproar." Page 1 
 
 — Chicago Sunday Globe , Aug, 3» (iC) Col. 1 
 
 COAL COMPANY HAS M/\NY ORDERS 
 
 "The Spar land Coal Co. have been the most successful 
 this year of any of the mines in this part of Illinois.
 
 AMALS OF LABOR AND INDUSTRY IN ILLINOIS: 1890 283 
 
 The coal is of an excellent quality, no "better in the 
 state. The shaft has been riinning 12 hours for a 
 brief time, but v/ill soon run the 24 hours with a 
 double set of hands. It has orders ahead for all the 
 coal it can market," 
 
 »~- Geneseo Republic , Aug, 1, Page 3 
 (Office of G-eneseo Republic ) Col, 5 
 
 JANITORS CONSOLIDATE 
 
 "The janitors of Chicago are becoming dissatisfied Aug. 1 
 with the wages they are receiving and they propose to 
 combine and ask for higher pay. Early in May a meet- 
 ing was held to cogitate the subject, but not much was 
 done. But . , , Aug, 1, the jr.nitors will meet again 
 in the janitor's room of the Opera House Block and 
 will then complete their organization. The men have 
 already prepared a form of contract for the owners 
 and agents of buildings, , , , " Page 8 
 
 — Chicago Evening Post . July 29. (IC) Col. 5 
 
 "The janitors mean business. They have formed a union, 
 have gotten up a constitution r.nd by-laws, have elected 
 officers, p.nd have prepared a bill of rights to be pre- 
 sented to their employers, the owners of buildings. 
 None of the men have gone on strike yet, but they say 
 th,ey are to have $45 per month or go out. ..." Page 9 
 — Daily Inter Ocean . Chicago, Aug, 5, (IC) Col, 7 
 
 ELGIN PACKING- FACTORY OPENS 
 "The packing factory will open next week if anything Aug, 
 
 edible can be procured to fill cans. Names of those 
 desiring work will be received the first three days 
 of next week, and men \fill at once scour the country 
 for corn, pumpkins, -.nd other goods of this kind," 
 
 — Elgin Daily News , Aug. 2, Page 3 
 (Gail Borden Public Library) Col. 6 
 
 "The Elgin Packing factory began operations for the 
 sxmmer this morning. About two hundred fifty hands
 
 284 AMkLS OF LABOR AND INDUSTRY IN ILLINOIS; 1890 
 
 are employed in putting up corn. The supply is not 
 large and coming in rather slow. About half the usu- 
 al momher of hands are employed. Dry weather has 
 caused a great shortness in late crops, and corn has 
 suffered severely from lack of moisture," 
 
 -— Elgin Daily News . Aug, 13. Ph^e 3 
 (Gail Borden PuTdHc Library) Col. 6 
 
 WATER BOYS STRIKE FOR $1 A DAY 
 "The water boys employed on the Thirty-ninth street Aug, 
 
 sewer, who have been receiving 75 cents a day, struck 
 yesterday for an even dollar. The demand was refused 
 and the vacancies filled," Page 5 
 
 — Svmday Inter Ocean . Chicago, Aug, 3, (IC) Col. 6 
 
 MESSENG-ER BOYS DEMAND $20 A MONTH 
 
 "Thirteen small boys employed as messengers by the A\ig« 2 
 Western Union Telegraph Ccmpr.ny at the Stock Yards 
 Exchange Building, went out on a strike yesterday. 
 The youths have been receiving $17 a month, but 
 wainted $20, The management refused the request and 
 the boys went out. They struck at the busiest mo- 
 ment and it compelled the officials to hustle with 
 the messages, . , , The day closed with the thir- 
 teen places \moccupied. " Page 5 
 — Sunday Inter Ocean . Chicago, Aug, 3, (IC) Col, 6 
 
 WAITERS FIRED FOR STRIKING 
 
 "The Peoria House waiters yesterday struck for a 
 
 raise of $3 a month and were immediately fired," Aug. 2 
 
 — Daily Evening Post . Pekin, Aug, 3. Page 4 
 
 (Office of Pekin Daily Times ) Col. 2
 
 MMLS OF LABOR AND INDUSTRY IN ILLINOIS; 1890 285 
 
 CASPEN1ERS' AND JOINERS' BROTHERHOOD CONVENTION 
 
 "Plasterers' Hall was gaily decorated with flags and Aug, 
 bunting this morning when the delegates to the bien- 
 nial convention of the United Brotherhood of Carpen- 
 ters and Joint-rs began' to assemble. . « • There were 
 275 delegates from all parts of the United States and 
 Canada, ... 
 
 FISH OUTPUT IS LIGHT 
 
 "Judge Tuley was introduced to the delegates as the 
 recognized friend of the laboring people. 
 
 "The judge disapproved of lock-outs end strikes and 
 held that all trouble should be settled by arbitra- 
 tion. . . . The delegates to this convention repre- 
 sent a membership of 77,000 carpenters, ..." Page 3 
 — Chicago Evening Post . Aug. 4. (IC) Col. 5 
 
 "The National Convention of the Brotherhood of Cai>- 
 penters and Joiners of the United States met in ses- 
 sion yesterday morning in Plasterers' hall, with 177 
 delegates present. The organization numbers 70,00t 
 •members, . . ," Page 4 
 
 — Chicago Globe . Aug. 5. (IC) Col, 4 
 
 DRY WEATHER AFMCTS ICE INDUSTRY 
 
 "The superintendent of the Bloomington wator-works Aug. 4 
 has served a notice on the ice manufacturers of that 
 city that owing to the scarcity of water, the water 
 supply from the city well will probably be cut off. 
 This will probably bring about an ice famine in that 
 locality. Page 1 
 
 — Champaign Daily Gazette , Aug. 4. (lU) Col, 4 
 
 "Grafton, 111., — The Eagle took a few boxes of fish Au^ 
 from this point on Monday nit^ht, but the output of 
 fish p,t present is very light. Something like 500 
 new fish nets hr^ve been made already this season at
 
 285 ANIIALS OF LABOR AliD INDUSTRY IN ILLINOIS; 1890 
 
 different points along the river near here, hut they 
 have only a few in the water at present, ..." Page 5 
 
 . — Alton Sentinel-Democrat . Aug. 7, Col. 5 
 
 CHICAGO'S GREAT TEA TRADE 
 
 'I, . , Chicago is the greatest tea distributing port Aug, 4 
 In the United States. An average of about 200,000 
 packages of tea is received and distributed at this 
 port each year by agents importing via the overland 
 routes. In addition to this a considerable quantity Page 1 
 is received here via the Suez route, coming by the Gol» 6 
 way of New York. ..." 5 o'cl, 
 
 — ChicafiD Mail. Aug.4(lCN) Edition 
 
 DISEASED CATTLE SHIPPED TO CHICAGO 
 
 "There is another war brewing between the city health Aug. 5 
 department and the state board of live stock commis- 
 sioners over the shipment of diseased cattle to this 
 city under the protection of the state board. , . « 
 
 " 'It is all the fault of the state board of live stock 
 commissioners,' said Dr. Wickersh.am. 'They have is- 
 sued pji edict thr.t stands as an injunction against the 
 city, restraining us from interfering with cattle on 
 the hoof. . . . Shipments of diseased cattle arc con- 
 stantly cominf, in . , . spreading contagion among . . . 
 healthy cattle at the yards. . . . '" Page 1 
 
 — Chicago Evening Post , Aug. 5, (IC) Col^ -6 
 
 COLOR QUESTION 
 
 "Twenty five men employed by the electric railway of Aug. 6 
 Peoria struck yesterday because of a, colored man in 
 their midst. Their places were filled by others." 
 
 —Daily E vening Post . Pekin, Aug» 7. Page 4 
 TOffice of Pekin Daily Times) Col, 2
 
 AIWALS OF lABOR AND INDUSTRY IN ILLINOIS; 1890 287 
 
 BRICK COMPANY'S BUSINESS BOOMS 
 ''The Elgin Brick and Tile company have just finished Aug, 6 
 
 burning their fourth kiln of brick at McHenry making 
 nearly half a million turned out by them this season. 
 They cannot begin to keep up with the orders and will 
 have to increase their force and capacity at once. 
 This firm has the contract for the new building at 
 the Elgin insane asylum. Two million will be used," 
 
 — Elgin Daily News , Aug, 6, Page 3 
 (Gail Borden Public Library) Col, 1 
 
 STOVES SOLD FROM \7AG0NS ON INSTALMENT TJAS 
 
 "Collinsville, 111., — The St, Louis Wrought Iron R^Jige Aug. 7 
 Co, have introduced a new feature bjr sending six wag- 
 ons over the county selling stoves on the installment 
 plan, " Page 5 
 
 — Alton ScntinGl-Democrat, Aug. 7. (lU) Col, 5 
 
 CLAY MINE EXPLOSION INJURES IVEN 
 
 "Bert Head and Thomas Smyzer were horribly burned by Aug, 7 
 the accidental explosion of blasting powder v/hile at 
 work in a clay mine nea.r Macomb, 111," 
 
 « — Cambridge Chronicle , Aug, 7. Page 2 
 (Office of Cambridge Chronicle) Col, 5 
 
 IL^lTUEAL GAS UTILIZED FOR FUEL 
 
 "The n.-,.turr.l gas recently found at Lilly, McLean Aug, 7 
 county, at a depth of 216 feet, is being utilized for 
 
 fuel at the large flour mill," Page 1 
 
 -" Champaign Daily Gazette , Aug, 7. (lU) Col, 4 
 
 "The work of laying pipes from Indiana gas fields to Page 2 
 
 Chicago has been begun." Col, 3 
 
 — Chicago Mail , Aug, 7. (ICN) 3 o'cl. 
 
 Edition
 
 Al>JN/ilS OF L^\BOR AND INDUSTRY IN ILLHTOIS: 1890 
 
 UInIION GROV/S in spite of MR. YERKES 
 
 "Those wholesale decapitation which resulted from the A\ig. 7 
 discovery by Mr. Yerkes , , , of the attempt on the 
 part of the men to foim a new union . . . did not put 
 the desired stop to the movement. On the contrary, 
 the new North Side Conductors' and Drivers' Protec- 
 tive and Benevolent Association has more than doubled 
 its membership within the last two weeks." Page 3 
 
 —Chicago Tribune. Aug. 7. (IC) Col. 5 
 
 IvLUffiLE-CUTTERS STRIKE 
 
 "Their local Union has failed in upholding the action Aug, 9 
 of the marble-cutters and setters in their vralkout at 
 the mantle factory, No. 349 Wabash avenue, A little 
 over a week ago the shop steward refused to allow one 
 of the vrorkmen to do a task given him by one of the 
 proprietors. In consequence he was discharged, and 
 fifteen minutes later forty marble-cutters and fin- 
 ishers employed at the works walked out in a body. 
 They nov; demand the reinstatement of the steward. 
 The firm has refused to consider the demands of the 
 men and has begun emiploying non-union men. ..." Page 7 
 —Chicago Tribune . Aug. 9. (IC) Col. 5 
 
 CI-IICAGO 3BVER BUILDERS ORG/illZING 
 
 "The new union of sewer builders is practically tho Aug. 
 first effort that has been made in Chicago to organ- 
 ize what might be termed unskilled labor on Trade 
 Union lines. It is to be hoped the Trades Assembly 
 organizing committee v/ill pay special attention to 
 this neophyte amon£; the common laborers." Page 
 
 —Rights of Labor . Chi cage (editorial), Aug. 9. (ICJ) Col.
 
 ANIIALS OF LABOR AND INDUSTRY IN ILLINOIS: 1890 289 
 
 $1,700,000 STORAGE EXCHANGE BEGUN 
 
 Construction has been started on the new Chicago Cold Aug» 10 
 Storage Exchange situated on the west side of the 
 river front, between Randolph and Lake streets. 
 ", . . The structure, to be erected at a cost of 
 $1,700,000, will be the largest building of its kind 
 in the West. ..." Page 7 
 
 — Sunday Inter Ocean , Chicago Aug. 10. (IC) Col. 1 
 
 SALESLADIES WANTED 
 
 "500 Salesladies Wanted at THE LEADER. Corner State Aug. 10 
 and Adams streets. The opening of this grand estab- 
 lishment will take place about the end of this month* 
 • • . Dernberg, Glick & Horner, Proprietors." 
 
 — Sunday Inter Ocean , Chicago Page 15 
 (advertisement), Aug. 10. (IC) Col. 5 
 
 EXPLOSION AT THE ILLINOIS STEEL COMPANY 
 
 " Jcliet, 111., Aug. 12. — ^A terrible explosion, re- Aug. 12 
 siilting in the death of four or more men, occurred 
 about 2 o'clock this morning at No, 2 blast furnace of 
 the Illinois Steel Compr.ny's works. The furnace, one 
 of the largest in the v/orld, contrlned over two thou- 
 sand tons of molten meta.1. Some of this metal escaped 
 through a leak, pjid running down into some water gen- 
 erated steam, which caused the explosion. . . . 
 
 "The company is severely criticised for its failure 
 to prevent such accidents^ Similar explosions have 
 occurred several tL-nes before with fatal results. 
 The company has a million-dollar accident policy on 
 its employes, on which the premium is nearly $30,000. 
 In rhis way it proyides against suits for damages 
 when accidents have occurred, and appears, in conse- 
 quence, to be careless of the lives of its employes." Page 1 
 — Chicago Evening Post . Aub. 12. (IC) Col.. 2
 
 290 ANtlALS OF UBOR AND INDUSTRY IN ILLINOIS; 189C 
 
 TOISKEY TRUST ACCUSED OF POLLUTING WATER 
 
 "The cornnittee on judiciary of the Pekin city council Aug, 13 
 of Pekin have been instructed to make all pos=:ible in- 
 quiry into the indiscriminate pollution of our water 
 supply by the Peoria octopus known generally as the 
 'Whiskey Trust. ' Our council have got their bristles 
 up now, and it is hoped they will keep them up until 
 this miserable nuisance shall be abated f orevere " 
 
 — Pekin Daily Time s, Aug. 13. Page 4 
 (Office of Pekin Daily Times ) Col. 2 
 
 ERIE ROAD BUYS CHICAGO AND ATLANTIC 
 
 "The Chicago and Atlantic Railroad was sold, at Indi- Aug. 13 
 anopolis Tuesday for $5,000,000. It was bought in 
 the interest of the Erie Road, which thus completes 
 its system from New York to Chicago, ..." Page 1 
 
 — Daily Inter Ocean , Chicago,' Aug. 13. (IC) Col. 1 
 
 EXPRESS COMPANY MOVES TO CHICAGO 
 
 "The Northern Pacific Express Company has removed its Aug, 14 
 headquarters and general offices from St. Paul, where 
 they have been ever since its organization years ago, 
 and now they are located on the fifth floor of the 
 new Wisconsin Central depot on Harrison street. ..." Page 3 
 — Daily Inter Ocean . Chicago, Aug, 14. (IC) Col, 2 
 
 COOPERATIVE CREAMERIES STIMULATE PROGRESS 
 
 "Cooperative Creameries are of great benefit to dull, Aug. 14 
 backward, unenterprising neighborhoods. They infuse 
 life and thought into them, and sociability to some 
 extent. They also incite to greater care of live 
 stock f.nd also to keeping more stock, :ind relieve wo- 
 men of a vast deal of drudgery," Page 3 
 — The Leader . Marion, Aug. 14, (IMar) Col, 2
 
 ANMLS OF LABOR AND INDUSTRY IN ILLINOIS: 1890 
 
 FEDERAL GOVERNMENT ASICED TO LET ITS LIGHT SHINE 
 AS PILOTS PETITION CONGRESS FOR MORE LIGHTS 
 
 "The Pilots' Association of the Mississippi and Ohio Aug. 14 
 rivers are sending a petition to Congress, asking for 
 the improvement of the light-house service on the Mis- 
 sissippi river. , . . The river is at present in a 
 miserably lighted condition, the appropriation being 
 insufficient to properly maintain the lights already 
 established, much less to place new ones v/here they 
 are very much needed. ..." Page 2 
 
 — Alton Sentinel-'Democrat , Aug, 14. (lU) Col. 3 
 
 EXCURSION TRAINS TO THE FAIR 
 
 "The Rock Island & Peoria Ry. will run special trains Aug. 14 
 from the east, same as last year, for the accommoda?- 
 tion of citizens of Galva, Lafayette, Toulon and 
 Wyoming, v/ho wish to attend the Henry County Fair, 
 Aug, 25 to 29, Excursion rates on all trains." Page 1 
 — The Independent. Kewanee, Aug. 14. (IK) Col, 3 
 
 LABORERS IN DEMAND 
 
 "Wanted — 500 Railroad laborers for Dakota, Iowa 
 Illinois, Michigan, $1.75 and $2 per day; 100 for 
 sawmills; all free fare; also men for farms, and 
 other jobs in p.nd near the city. At Ross Labor 
 Agency, 2 S. Market St., upstairs." 
 
 --Chicago Mail. Aug, 14. (ICN) 
 
 SWITCHMEN ?/IN $14 MONTH INCREASE 
 
 "Mattoon, 111., Aug, 16. — The striking switchmen of Aug. 15 
 the Peoria, Decatur & Evansville road returned to 
 work Friday at an advance of $14 a month in their 
 wages." 
 
 — Pekln Daily Times . Aug. 16, Page 1 
 (Office of Pekin Daily Times) Col. 6
 
 292 AimALS OF LABOR AND INDUSTRY IN ILLINOIS; 1890 
 
 WABASH S7/ITCHMEN STRIKE FOR PRCMPT PAY 
 
 "The Switchmen of the Wabash railroad went on strike Aug. 15 
 
 yesterday afternoon at 1 P.M. The business of the 
 
 railroad was hnlted cind a variety of rumors of a big 
 
 general strike were flying thick r.nd fast. The real 
 
 reason for the strike is simply ridiculous. The men's 
 
 pc\y day is supposed to be on the 15th of each month. 
 
 Now it happens thr^t the road's paymaster travels in a 
 
 money-laden car to pay the men in the different places. 
 
 He reaches Chicago two and three days late on the 16th» 
 
 17th or 18th. This delay caused the strike. ..." Page 2 
 
 — Illinois Staats-Zeitung , Chicago (trans. ), Aug, 16. (10) Col. 4 
 
 "... The strike of the Wabash switchmen was promptly Page 5 
 
 settled when the pay checks arrived from St. Louis a Col. 2 
 
 little after noon Saturday." 12 o'cl, 
 
 — Chicago Daily News , Aug. 18. (ICN) Edition 
 
 HUGE SOUTH CHICAGO WAREHOUSE PLANNED 
 
 "The South Chicago Dock Company ... is negotiating Aug, 16 
 with a syndicate representing English capital for the 
 lease of a portion of the docks on the west side of 
 the Calumet River, between One Hundredth and One Hiuv- 
 dred and Fifth streets. Should the negotiations be 
 successful several large warehouses will be built 
 and used for the purpose of saving freight and trans- 
 fer charges by the wholesale men of the city, . . . 
 
 ", . • The warehouses vyill all contain tracks, and the 
 goods can be loaded and unloaded and shipped without 
 the necessity of a transfer, , . , The tracks of the 
 Belt Road are already on the property, and there would 
 be little expense necessary to run switches into the 
 buildings, , • • If this lea.se is made, the success 
 of South Chicago as a shipping point is assured. 
 These institutions will attract others, r.nd it is only 
 a question of a short time when the banks of the Cal- 
 umet will not be the barren wastes they are at pre- 
 sent. . , ." Page 3 
 — Chicago Evening Post . Aug, 16. (IC) Col, 1
 
 ANMLS OF LABOR AITO INDUSTRY IN ILLINOIS; 1890 293 
 
 ELGIN WATCH CMPAl^ ADDS HELP 
 
 "Elgin, 111. , Aug, 16. — ... The watch factory is Aug, 16 
 constantly adding to its help. It nov/ employs ahout 
 2,900 people, and, from day to day . . . new oper*- 
 atives are being taken. ... The employes are well 
 paid. ... A large portion of them own their own 
 homes. ..." Page 24 
 
 — Sunday Inter Ocean , Chicago, Aug. 17. (IG) Col, 1 
 
 MOTOR Ca-IPANY PLANS FACTORY FOR ELGIN 
 
 "The Gray motor company has completed plans for a new Aug. 16 
 factory on River street, . . . 
 
 "• . • Water wheels of the new pattern, and necessary 
 appliances will be manufactured and placed in position. 
 Several plants in different parts of the country are 
 figuring on an outfit from the Elgin factory, so that 
 the work of filling orders will be begun as soon as 
 possible. Here is a factory for Elgin V7ith large pos- 
 sibilities." 
 
 — Elgi n D aily News , Aug, 16, Page 3 
 (Gail Borden Public Library) Col, 3 
 
 EMPLOYES GET I-LILF HOLIDAY WITH FULL PAY 
 
 "During the months of July cjid August the A, H. Revell Aug, 17 
 Manufacturing comppjiy has given its employes a half 
 holiday every Saturday with full pay. The Revell es- 
 tablishment was the first in this city to inaugurate 
 this humane and widely appreciated movement." Page 7 
 
 — Sunday Inter Ocean , Chicago, Aug. 17, (IC) Col, 4 
 
 PEORIA MAN BUYS TWO HUNDRED NINETY ACRES 
 
 "Two hundred and ninety acres in sections 15 rnd 16, Aug. 17 
 in Worth, have recently been purchased by Joseph 
 Greenhut, President of The Whisky Trust, r.nd other 
 gentlemen of Peoria, for $145,000. ..." Page 9 
 
 -^Sunday _Inter_Ocean, Chicago, Aug, 17, (IC) Col, 7
 
 294 ANIIALS OF LABOR AN INDUSTRY IN ILLINOIS! 1890 
 
 THE MILL BOYS' PiCNiC 
 
 "The driving pc.rk was the scene of much sport and fes- Aug« 18 
 tivity Srturday at the annual picnic given by the Amal- 
 gpjnated Association of Iron and Steel workers. • « » 
 
 "Beer stands did a rushing business, until the last 
 keg had been drained late in the evening. The cane, 
 wheel of fortune, chuck a luck and pop corn managers 
 caught lots of the boys' cash» The dancing platform 
 was constantly crowded v/ith dancers, ;'.nd densely sur- 
 ro\mded with spectators. ..." A three legged race, 
 sack race, potato picking race, tug of war rjid many 
 other events filled the day. Prizes included a paint- 
 ing of Archbishop Feehan. A few picnickers who became 
 unruly late in the day from too much beer were ejected. Page 3 
 — Daily News , Joliet, Aug. 18,(Joliet Public Library) Col, 1 
 
 CHICAGO AND ALTON MEN SATISFIED 
 
 "Bloomington, Hi,, Aug. 19, — 'In reply to certain com- Aug, 19 
 plianto made to Superintendent Q,uackenbush, of the 
 Chicago and Alton shops in this city, by the 1,200 
 men, regarding the hours of labor, enforced holidays, 
 etc, the superintendent stated th' t hereafter the 
 shops will run from 7 o'clock a,m, to 6 o'clock p,m, , 
 every day excepting Saturday, when the hours will be 
 from 7 o'clock a.m. to 11 o'clock a,m,, with pay for 
 five hours, . . , The reply . , , was received by a 
 mass-meeting of their men with loud cheers." Page 5 
 
 — Daily Inter Oceg-n . Chicago, Aug. 20. (IC) Col, 3 
 
 CLAIM STOCK Y/JLDS WATER SUPPLY UNMETERED 
 
 "A system of water stealing lias been going on for ten Aug, 
 years in the town of Lake, the full extent of which is 
 only being ascertained by the water department at the 
 city hall by degrees," Thief pipes, it is charged, 
 were carrying water to the packing plants without
 
 ANNALS OF lABOR Am INLUSTRY IN ILLINOIS: 1890 295 
 
 being metered. "... The charges already made have 
 benefited the city $50,000 worth.and Supt. Baker aays 
 v7hon each meter honestly records all the water used 
 the s\im will go up to $100,000. ..." Page 3 
 
 — Chicago Daily Globe . Aug, 19. (IC) Col, 3 
 
 PLOW Y/ORKS Mj^CE LARGE SHIPMENTS 
 
 "The Pekin Plow works are swinging along at their Aug. 19 
 fullest copacity. Large shipments are being made 
 daily to southern o.nd western localities." Page 4 
 
 — Pekin Daily Times . Aug. 19. Col. 2 
 (Office of Pekin Daily Times ) 
 
 HYDRAULIC PRESS PL/iCED IN VUffiGAR FACTORY 
 
 "W, Leo & Co. just placed a new hydraulic press in Aug. 20 
 their vinegar factory here, with a capacity of 150 
 barrels per day. The company is preparing for a sea- 
 son of \inusual activity. The large warehouses on the 
 old penitentiary grounds have been rented as a store- 
 room. Six immense vats holding 10,000 gallons each 
 have been ordered and will arrive in a few days. This 
 is an industry of which Alton may be proud, as it af- 
 fords a read;;;- market for all the apples grown in this 
 vicinity and will bring much trade to the city during 
 the Fall," Page 4 
 
 — Alton Sentinel-Democrat , Aug. 21. (lU) Col, 4 
 
 WORK FOR MINERS 
 
 "The Streator Free Press says thri.t a thousand more 
 miners will be needed at that place this fall." 
 
 — Kewanee Courier , Aug, 20. (IK)
 
 296 AMIALS OF LAT^OH AlTD UffiUSTRY IN ILLINOIS: legi^ 
 
 EXPLOSION AT STANDAHD CARTRIDGE COMPANY 
 
 "An explosion of pov/der nt the St'-.ndard Cartridge Aug. 2 1 
 Compojiy' s works, four miles south of Blue Island, 111, 
 on the 21st, resulted in the killine of one man and the 
 injuring of twenty men, liOYS and girls." Pnge 6 
 
 — The Le>-^der . Marion, Aug. 28. (iMar) Col. 2 
 
 ALTON ROAD FINED $100 FOR RATE REDUCTION 
 
 "Chairman J. F. Goddard, of the Western Passenger Asso- Aug. 21 
 ciation, yesterday rendered three decisions. In one of 
 them he fined the Alton Road $100. The compl-in-.nt in 
 this case was the Santa Fe Road, and the charge was 
 that the Alton, early in July, without consulting its 
 competitors, made a rate of 75 cents "between Chicago 
 and Joliet for a first class limited ticket, v/hen the 
 rate should have been 95 cents. ..." Page 9 
 
 — Daily In ter Ocean , Chicago, Aug, 21, (IC) Col, 1 
 
 COST TO STREET LABOR 
 
 Aug. 23 
 
 "The street department is paying laborers $1.50 a Page 4 
 
 day, and has been since Aug. 1. Previous to that time Col, 5 
 
 they received but $1,25. , . ." 12 o'cl, 
 
 — Chicago Daily News , Aug. 23. (ICN) Edition 
 
 RISING FOOD PRICES IN CHICAGO 
 
 "At Chicago the prices of potatoes have gone soaring. Aug, 
 They are nearly expensive enough now to bo classed with 
 dessert. Last year the price was from 25 cents to 28 
 cents a bushel. This year they are quoted at $1.05 to 
 $1,15, There's a nice, comfortable rise in prices. 
 A round silver dollar would buy four bushels a year ago. 
 This year it just misses buying one bushel. Apples, 
 which are nearly as staple pji article of diet, have just 
 doubled in price. They were $1 per barrel last year. 
 This year the cheapest are $2 a barrel. Onions have
 
 ANNALS OF LABOR AND INDUSTRY IN ILLINOIS: 1890 297 
 
 risen higher than apples, though there are people who 
 could get along without onions forever, but who would 
 think themselves hardly dealt with if they got no more 
 apples. Last year onions were quoted at from $1 to $1,50 
 per barrel. This year they bring from $3.25 to 3,75, 
 Cabbages in 1889 were $2.25 per 100; now they are from 
 $5 to $7, Peaches have gone up 50 per cent, black 
 berries are $1 now where they v/ere 60 cents last year, 
 and all canned fruits are from 25 to 100 per cent higher* 
 Turnips, beans, butter, cheese, and dried fruits are only 
 a little more expensive, v;ith the exception of dried 
 apples, which are three times as expensive as last 
 year. They were then 5 cents a pound; now they are 
 15^ cents." Pa^e 2 
 
 — Rights of Labor , Chicago, Aug. 23. (ICJ) Col, 1 
 
 IRON SUPPLANTS PAPER FOR CAR 17HEELS 
 
 "The day of paper car-wheels for railroad cars is pass- Aug. 23 
 ing. The chief reason is alleged to be that the iron 
 wheels last not only longer thaji the pa.per ones, but 
 are cheaper as well, costing about one-sixth as much as 
 the paper v/heels." Page 4 
 
 —Prairie Chief . Crjnbridge, Aug. 23, (IMD) Col. 1 
 
 GRAIN BARGE 
 
 "The tug, Gold Eagle, brought a Ir.rge load of grain Aug. 23 
 to the city today. The grain was from lower river 
 points and was consigned to the Smith-Hippen Company," 
 
 Page 4 
 — Pekin Daily Times . Aug. 23. Col, 2 
 (Office of Pekin Daily Times )
 
 298 ANNALS OF LABOR AMD INDUSTRY IN ILLINOIS; 1890 
 
 SOLID CHUNKS OF LEAD MINED AT GALENA 
 
 "Galena, 111., Aug. 27. — A vein of lead ore which Aug» 25 
 promises to outrival the famous Gaffner diggings, 
 discovered some years ago in East Galena, and which 
 yielded a dozen fortunes, was struck Monday in Menom- 
 inee township, this county, ty two men who have been 
 mining without success for many years past. The lead 
 is the purest Galena, and solid ch;inks weighing from 
 50 to 2,000 poiinds are said to be in sight. It is 
 estimated th?^t the mine will yield 3,000 pounds of ore 
 per day," Page 5 
 
 — Quincy Daily Journal , Aug. 27, (IQJT) Col. 2 
 
 LIGHTED BY EIZECTRlClTY 
 
 "What J Yes; it is the Monon route that has intro- Aug, 26 
 duced a dynamo operated on the engine, lighting its 
 entire equipment from the locomotive headlight to 
 
 the rear vestibule platform with this novel feature, Page 1 
 
 making it the safest r.nd most attractive of any line Col, 5 
 
 running south. ... 12 o'cl, 
 
 — Chicago Daily News (advertisement) , Aug. 25. (ICN) Edition 
 
 "Electric headlights will hereafter be used on the 
 passenger trains of the Louisville, New Albany, & 
 Chicago Road, Contracts have already been let for 
 equipping the throe locomotives that haul the night 
 express between Indianapolis and Chicago and the five 
 engines that haul the night express between Chicago 
 and Louisville with powerful electric lomps, -md one 
 engine now running hr.s already been supplied with the 
 light, " Page 7 
 
 — Chic ago Evening Post . Aug. 26. (IC) Col, 1 
 
 lARGE STOCK SHIPMENT 
 
 "The Jacksonville & Southeastern last night made Aug, 27 
 what was probably the largest transfer ever seen 
 in Pekin, They handled forty cars of stock over
 
 ANNALS OF LABOR AND INDUSTRY IN ILLINOIS: 1890 299 
 
 the Santa Fe. It was enroute to Chicago and was 
 sent out in three trains* Of late there has been 
 a great deal of stock sent out this way." 
 
 — Daily Evening Post . Pekin, Aug. 28, Page 4 
 (Office of Pekin Daily Times ) Col, 1 
 
 A^GRICAN WOMAN'S GAMING COMPANY 
 
 ", • . There is no doubt that the 'American Woman's Aug« 28 
 Canning Company' will be a success and will receive 
 the hearty co-operation of that part of the public 
 who like to encourage an independent and active 
 spirit in the gentler sex, . . . Women only will be 
 permitted to hold stock. But they will bo quite 
 able to get along without the men, . • • 
 
 "The canning company is bo\ind to come out on top," Page 4 
 — Chicago Evening Post (editorial), Aug. 28, (IC) Col, 2 
 
 SOUTHERN ILLINOIS QUARRIES TO OPERATE 
 AT NIGHT BY ELECTRIC LIGHT 
 
 "Local passenger trnii^s now stop at the quaries be»» Aug, 2$ 
 twecn Cobden r.nd Makanqla, Electric lights are to be 
 put in right away and the quarries will then run 
 night and day^ A force of 125 men is now kept stead- 
 ily employed and the night work will require nearly 
 as many more. Quite a little village has spning up 
 in the vicinity; the quarries are well worth a visit," Page 1 
 — The Leader. Marion, Aug, 28, (iMar) Col, 3 
 
 SEEKING A SITE AT KANKAKEE 
 
 "A company seeking a location for a steel car works Aug, 28 
 plo,nt recently visited Knjakakee with a view of in- 
 teresting local capitalists. They claim to represent 
 a million and a half of capital. They wajit $100,000 
 of stock to be taken here, and a donation of ten
 
 ANMLS OF LABOR AND INDUSTRY IN ILLINOIS; 1890 
 
 acres of land. In return they hold out the flatter- 
 ing inducement that the company will employ 500 men 
 and pay out $25,000 per month in wages." 
 
 — Kankakee Gazette . Aug, 28, Page 1 
 (Office of Kankakee Gazette) Col, 6 
 
 TRMENDOUS SHOW CASE ORDER 
 
 "That great big dry goods firm of Kansas City, Bul- 
 lein, Moore & Emery, have recently placed orders for 
 $50,000 worth of show cases, which is divided 'between 
 the Quincy Show Case works and the Excelsior Show Case 
 works of this city. This is a tremendous order and is 
 either collectively or severally, by far the largest 
 show case order ever placed in America." Page 3 
 
 - - QMincy Herald . Aug, 28. (IQ^J) Col, 3 
 
 TRAIMENS' DISPUTE AFEECTS PACKERS 
 
 "The strike of the engineers and firemen at the Aug, 28 
 Stock- Yards has already forced out of T/ork 3,000 
 or 4,000 men who have no connection with the 
 strikers. ... They were forced out of employment 
 simply because there is no work for them to do. 
 , , , It is only a question of a short time, should 
 the strike be prolonged, when the entire beef in- 
 dustry at the Stock- Yards will be at a standstill. 
 , . ." Page 1 
 
 — Chicago Sunday Tribune . Aug, 24. (IC) Col, 7 
 
 "The strike of the engineers and firemen employed 
 by the Stock~Yards Switching association is waxing 
 warm. The strikers emphatically refuse to take any 
 chances on the proposition made them by the direct- 
 ors of the association." 
 
 About 8,000 men were laid off since the slaughter- 
 ing of beef stopped. Inability to move meat is due 
 to the Stock-Yard Switchmen's strike, Svdft has 
 seventy carloads of meat side-tracked, Armour has 
 sixty, while Fowler pjid Nelson have forty or fifty, Pag© 1 
 — Chicago Daily Globe . Aug, 25. (IC) Col^ 5
 
 AMALS OF UBOR AND INDUSTRY IN ILLINOIS: 1890 301 
 
 "The stock yards strike is off and the strikers 
 have won, « . . Terms are as follows: Engineers, 
 29 cents an hour; firemen, 18 cents an hour. This 
 is an increase of 2 cents an hour for the firemen 
 and 3 cents an hour for the engineers. The Sunday 
 demand had been previously agreed to, ..." Page 1 
 
 - Chicago Evening Post , Aug, 25, (IC) Col, 1 
 
 "When the Stock Yards Switching Association voted 
 yesterday to grant its engineers and firemen aji 
 increase in wages it was supposed the strike was 
 over. Later in the day, however, the switchmen re- 
 fused to work unless their pay was advanced, fiid. 
 to— day the Switching Association v;as dissolved, 
 
 "Hereafter the different roads running into Packing 
 town will handle their own cars, 
 
 "That decision was reached at 9 o'clock this morning, Page 1 
 
 and when it h-^.d been decided upon the officials at Col, 6 
 
 the yards began to act, . . ." 1st 
 
 — Chicago Evening Journal . Aug, 26, (ICN) Edition 
 
 "Wanted — Competent switchmen for yard service: no 
 other need call. Apply Briggs House," 
 
 — Daily Inter Ocean . Chicago (advertisement), Page 6 
 
 Aug, 26, (IC) Col, 5 
 
 "At the Stock-Yards yesterday a little more switch- 
 ing was done than the day before. It was a day of 
 suspense, the railroads failing to make the concerted 
 move expected owing to complications on their side, 
 and the strikers holding off to await the result of 
 the big meeting of all the Chicago switchmen, 
 
 "The day was given up to an exceedingly interesting 
 triangular fight between the Union Stock-Yards com— 
 pajiy, the packers, and the different railroad man- 
 agers. So warm has this battle become and so earnest 
 are the participants that the strikers dropped en- 
 tirely from view yesterday and became merely disinter- 
 ested observers," Page 1 
 — Chicago Tribune . Aug, 28, (IC) Col. 2 
 
 "Baltimore, Md, , Aug, 28, — Housekeepers, hotel land- 
 lords, the keepers of boarding-houses, and their de*«
 
 302 AimkLS OF LABOR AND INDUSTRY IN ILLINOIS; 1890 
 
 pendencies are feeling the effects of the strike of 
 the switchmen in Chicago. The price of Chicago dressed 
 beef has advanced 50 cents to $1 per h\indred, and it 
 is said that if the strike is not soon broken the 
 price will go higher." Page 9 
 
 — Daily Inter Ocean . Chicago, Aug. 29. (IC) Col. 6 
 
 SWITCHMEN, BRAKEICEN STRIKE ON NEW YORK CENTRAL: 
 RETURN TO WORK AFTER DEFEAT 
 
 "Wanted — A number of capable switchmen and brakemen 
 to take permanent positions away from Chicago. Apply 
 at Club-Room 60. Sherman house. Page 7 
 
 •— Chicago Times. Aug. 11. (ICN) Col, 3 
 
 The Now York Central is employing these men to break 
 the strike on their line. About 135 were hired in the 
 
 past two days. BraJcemen are offered $65 and switchmen Page 1 
 
 $70 a month. Brakemen c-xid. switchmen previously had re- Col, 3 
 
 cieved $55 a month. 5 o'cl, 
 
 —Ch icago Mail . Aug, 11. (ICN) Edition 
 
 "Third Vice-President Webb, of the New York Central 
 railroad, declared on the 19th that his company was 
 ready to spend $2,000,000 to defeat the present strike. 
 It was thought that the determination of the Central 
 company to defeat the strikers v/ould result in the ex- 
 tension of the strike to all the Vanderbilt lines," Page 6 
 — The Leader . Marion, Aug. 28. (IMar) Col, 1 
 
 ". . , There is a good deal of interest among work- 
 ingncn here regarding the New York Central strike. 
 It is currently reported that a car loaded with about 
 one hundred 'scab' train men went through here on the 
 'Q' Thursday bound for the scene of trouble to take 
 the place of the strikers. Bad, bad thing for both 
 sides, the strikes .?Jid lockouts, and the specially 
 bad effect is on the innocent public, not in one way 
 only, but in various. For instance the great strike • 
 on the 'Q,' has resulted in Q;uincy losing about twenty- 
 five or thirty good citizens, engineers --ijid firemen 
 who hr.ve gone over to the Sante Fe road. " Page 3 
 
 — Quincy Herald . Aug. 24. (IQJI) Col, 2 
 
 "The strike among the night employes of the Lake Shore
 
 ANMLS OF lABOa AND INDUSTRY IN ILLINOIS; 1890 303 
 
 road collapsed yesterday morning when the day men re- 
 fused to have anything to do with the matter, . , , 
 
 "It was the intention of the company to bring some 
 men from the East, but the scheme was abandoned be- 
 cause the men wanted to return to work," Page 8 
 — Daily Inter Ocean . Chicago, Aug, 29, (IC) Col, 4 
 
 THREE RAILWAY STRIKES ENDED 
 
 "Peace once more reigns supreme in local railway 
 circles. All of the strikes thct were on came to an 
 abrupt ending yesterday," Strikes affecting the 
 Chicago and Alton, the Lake Shore road and the Stock 
 Yards Switching association have been settled. Page 1 
 
 —Chicago Daily Globe . Aug. 30. (IC) Col. 7 
 
 MULE CAR REVIVAL IN BLOCMINGTON 
 
 "Bloomington' s electric cars have been tf>Jcen off, Aug» 50 
 The Daft system never was a success. It was a sort 
 of try-daily, run one day and try the next. The mules 
 are again operating and concerning the chs-nge the Pan- 
 tagraph says: '. . , When the cars ran into the sheds 
 last night they wont there to stay and when the dyna- 
 mos ceased to run last night they entered into rest 
 for an indefinite period, very probably forever, as 
 far as Bloomington is concerned. It is possible, if 
 not probable th^-^.t the "yellow eccentricities" will 
 never again rumble along our streets,'" 
 
 — Daily Evening Post , Pekin, Aug, 30, Page 4 
 (Office of Pekin Daily Times ) Col, 4 
 
 CHICAGO MARKET REPORTS 
 Chicago . . , reports money plenty at 6 per Aug, 30
 
 304 ANIIALS OF LABOR AITO INDUSTRY IN ILLINOIS! 1890 
 
 cent on call and collections easy; a better trade 
 than last year's in dry goods and clothing; a reduc- 
 tion of 75 per cent in Stock Yards business since the 
 strike; a decrease -of 50 per cent in wool compared 
 with last year; 20 per cent in butter and steady de- 
 crease in dressed beef, but la.rge increase in cured 
 meats, lard, cheese, cattle, hides, and 100 per cent 
 in hogs. . . •" Page 5 
 
 —Daily Inter Ocean . Chicago, Aug, 30. (IC) Col. 2
 
 AMALS CF LABOR AND INDUSTRY IN ILLINOIS: 1890 305 
 
 SEPTEr-13ER 
 
 LAP>OR DAY CELEBRATED 
 Reports of Labor Day p.'-.r?.des show 30,000 in line in Sept, 
 
 Chicago, 5,000 more than paraded in New York City, 
 
 — The Carpenter (editorio.l) , Philadelphia, Page 4 
 Sept, 20. (ICJ) Col. 1 
 
 Between 1,500 rjid 2,000 were in the parade here 
 which included ma.ny floats, "The brick wagons con- 
 tained men makintt brick and on one of the coal wagons 
 was a l\mip of coal vreiihing 4,400 pounds. An enter- 
 prising.' plimbor had a. bath tub mounted on a wagon and 
 two grinning little darkies took a bath as the pro- 
 cession moved along." Page 8 
 — Peoria Transcript , Sept. 2. (IP) Col. 2 
 
 ", , . All the industries of the Forest City will 
 close their factories. Labor Day is to be a big 
 success, ..." Page 3 
 
 — Morning Star , Rockford, Sept, 9. (iRoc) Col, 5 
 
 LABOR UNIONS IN QUINCY 
 "There are about 600 men belonging to the different Sept. 
 
 unions of organized labor in Quincy, " Amoni,; the 
 organizations are: the Typographical Union, organ- 
 ized 1862, sixty members; the ' Iron Holders' Union, 
 organized 1863, 250 members; the Cigar Makers' 
 Union, organized 1878, 57 members; the Brewers' and 
 Maltsters' Union, or^:;3nized 1887, 30 members; and 
 the Collar Makers' Union, organized about 1883, 25 
 members, , Page 4 
 
 — Quincy Daily Journal, Sept. 2. (IQJJ) Col. 1
 
 306 ANNALS OF LABOR AND INDUSTRY IN ILLINOIS: 1890 
 
 FOUR THOUSAND CARPENTERS OUT 
 
 ", . , The great strike comes atout in this way: Sept« 
 The carpenters, about 7,000 strong, struck May 1 
 last for higher wages, for the eight-hour day and 
 for the inauguration of the principle of arbitra- 
 tion. The Master Builders' Association would not 
 yield. A new boss carpenters' association was fonn- 
 ed and three judges from the Cook County bench were 
 called in to make terms between the strikers and the 
 new association. Terms were made on the basis of 
 the three planks demanded by the strikers. On^and 
 after Aug. 1 the journeymen were to receive 37-3 
 cents aji hour. The 'new bosses' could not, or would 
 not, carry out this part of the agreement. ..." Page 
 — Chicago Evening Post , Sept. 2. (IC) Col. 
 
 The carpenters look for support to the bricklayers. Page 1 
 — Chicago Evening Post . Sept. 2. (IC) Col, 4 
 
 "The fight between the bosses and the journeymen 
 carpenters was declared on yesterday morning, fully 
 5,000 men refusing to go to work. ..." The con- 
 flict is between the bosses' associations and the 
 Carpenters union. Page 4 
 
 — Chicago Daily Globe . Sept. 3. (IC) Col. 3 
 
 "All rumors to the contrary notwithstanding, the 
 cajrpenters' strike ordered for today has thus far 
 been a fizzle. ..." Rage 1 
 
 — Chicago Evening Journal . Sept. 2.(1 C) Col, 4 
 
 "According to reports of the strike committee the 
 trouble is rapidly approaching an end. It was an- 
 nounced yesterday it was terminating to the advan- 
 tage of the carpenters. It was estimated that 6500 
 carpenters were at work yesterday under the scale of 
 37-g(^ per hour. Less than 1000 carpenters were re- 
 ported to be out of employment — in other words, on 
 strike. . . . Every employing carpenter who signi- 
 fied his willingness to pay 37-| cents was informed 
 that his men could return to work." Page 1 
 
 — Chicago Times . Sept. 4. (ICN) Col. 4
 
 ANimS OF LABOR ANg INDUSTRY IN ILLINOIS; 1890 307 
 
 "Fifty unemployed men is the remnant left of what 
 
 threatened at one time to be a great carpenters' 
 strike. ..." Page 3 
 
 — Chicago Daily Globe . Sept. 6. (IC) Col, 3 
 
 "The strike of the carpenters inaugurated on Mon- 
 day was term inr. ted much sooner th'-Ji was expected. 
 Fully 5,000 men walked out in response to the 
 demands of the Council, . . . 
 
 ". . . The little episode is not vdthout benefi- 
 cial result hovTcver, a,s it gives notice to the 
 bosses that the ;nen arc much more radical than 
 their leaders, and if necessary are prepared to 
 mrk:e a strong fight to maintain the autonomy of 
 their union, " 
 
 — Rights of Labor , Chicago, (editorial), Page 8 
 Sept. 6. (ICJ) Col. 2 
 
 WILL COUNTY PIONEERS COMMEMORATE 
 INVENTION OF STEEL PLOW 
 
 John Lane, St., used large saws to build the moulding Sept, 3 
 board of his plow, as the steel plate then available 
 was not T/ide enough for his purpose. "He was assisted 
 in the work by Levi Hartwell, then a young man, now 
 aged 74, and vfho v/a.s present at this year's picnic. 
 The woodwork vras made by John Griswold, of Lockport, 
 and the plov.' sold to Corns tock Hanford, of the same 
 tOTm, He used it \mtil it vras worn out, and unfortu- 
 nately all traces have been lost of what '..'ould have 
 been a valuable relic. , . ." 
 
 — Daily News , Joliet, Sept. 4. Page 3 
 (Joliet Public Library) Col, 1 
 
 LAKE AND RIVER CQMMERCE 
 
 "'. . . The ste.'u'ner Jay Gould of the Lake Michigan Sept. 
 and Lake Superior Transportation company's line is ' 
 tied up at Hancock dock with all :ir.nds on a strike. 
 The men claim that they were ill-fed and ill-treated.
 
 308 AMALS OF LABOR AND INDUSTRY IN ILLINOIS; 1890 
 
 Labor is scarce here and the prospects unfavorahle 
 for obtaining hands.'" The report was discredited 
 at the company's office in Chicago, Page 7 
 
 — Chicago Times . Sept, 3. (IC) Col. 2 
 
 "The boats are giving Nauvoo the go by since the 
 water fell. Warehouses are full of sacks awaiting 
 shipment to New Orleans, but the boats will not take 
 them." Page 6 
 
 — The Leader , Marion, Sept. 11, (iMar) Col. 4 
 
 "Washington, Sept. 16. — Congressmaji Post today 
 secured the passage of the bill making Peoria a port 
 of delivery. He will try to have the Senate pass it 
 this session." Page 1 
 
 — Peoria Transcript . Sept. 17. (IP) Col. 1 
 
 "The amendments made to the River and Harbor bill in 
 the Senate . . . did not affect the appropriation of 
 fifty thousand dollars for Alton harbor. ..." Page 2 
 — Alton Sentinel-Democrat . Sept. 25. (lU) Col. 2 
 
 " Union seaman's wages have been advanced from $2 to 
 $2.25 per day on schooners, and from $1.75 to $2 per 
 day on barges. " Page 6 
 
 — Daily Inter Ocean . Chicago, Sept, 25. (IC) Col, 3 
 
 PAPER TRAIN REPLACES RAILWAY TRICYCLE 
 
 W. A. Woolsey, special agent of the St. Louis Sept. 4 
 
 Globe Democrat , has been delivering Sunday papers 
 along the route from the j\inction at Fredonia to 
 Marion by railway tricycle, ". . . Hereafter we 
 will be supplied with better transportation. The 
 Short Line changes time Sunday, ?.nd will carry the 
 papers through here on the morning train." Page 1 
 
 — The Leader . Marion, Sept.4.(lMar) Col. 3 
 
 INDUSTRLAL REFUSE KILLS FISH 
 
 "Geneva, 111., Sept. 4.— Something like 32,000 Sept. 
 
 pounds of dead fish have been taken from the Fox river
 
 ANNALS OF LABOR AND INDUSTRY IN ILLINOIS; 1890 309 
 
 between this city and Batavia. . . . The trouble is 
 caused by the refuse from the Charles Pope glucose 
 factory which is located just below the dam across 
 the river at this place." Page 4 
 
 — Oalesburg Republican^Register , Sept, 6, (IG) Col, 5 
 
 WAGES 
 
 "The average yearly earnings of American worlonen is Sept, 6 
 
 $345, $1.11 for each working day." Page 4 
 
 — Galesburg Republican-Register . Sept. 6, (IG) Col, 1 
 
 CAPITAL AND LABOR WALK HAND IN HAND 
 
 "Rockford is the coming great industrial center of Sept, 7 
 the northwest. Here capital and labor have gone hand 
 
 in hand. ..." Page 3 
 
 — Morning Star . Rockford, Sept. 7. (iRoc) Col. 3 
 
 USE OF ELECTRICITY INCREASING 
 
 "The Utter Manufacturing compi\ny v/ill no longer Sept, 7 
 depend upon the water power. They have taken out 
 the flumes which have been used for 20 years and the 
 old wheel which has done service and has never been 
 looked at in a dozen years, . , • The. new wheel 
 will be run by electricity. ..." Page 2 
 
 — Morning Star . Rockford, Sept. 9. (IRoc) Col. 2 
 
 "It is now found by the makers of quick firing guns 
 that firing by electricity is, under certain condi- 
 tions, preferable to any other mode, ..." Page 6 
 — The Loader . Marion, Sept. 11. (iMar) Col, 1 
 
 "It is a curious fact that among the thousands of 
 insects killed by the electric lights every night 
 there are no dead mosquitoes found." Page 4 
 
 — Galesburg Republican- Register , Sept. 6. (IG) Col, 1
 
 510 ANNALS OF LA30R AND INDUSTRY IN ILLINOIS; 1890 
 
 GALESBURG, "THE PLYMOUTH ROCK OF THE WEST" 
 
 Tomorrow the Chicago Sunday Tribune will publish aji Sept» 7 
 
 article on Galesburg by Frank H. Brooks. Page 1 
 
 — Galesburg Republican-Register . Sept.6.(lG) Col. 6 
 
 Galesburg handles an annual express business amoiint- 
 ing to $400,000. Postal receipts total $1,200,000. 
 The city water works represent an investment of 
 $100,000. Three hundred houses, "substantial in 
 character ajid modern in design were erected during 
 the last year." A thousand women earn their own 
 living. College enrollment comprises a thousand 
 students, three hundred of whom are women, "Gales- 
 burg is a town which wears its good clothes every day 
 in the year," Page 36 
 
 — Chi cago Sunday Tribune . Sept, 7, (IC) Col, 1 
 
 GAS AND WATER FOR CHICAGO 
 
 Yesterday the manufacture began in Hyde Park of Sept. 8 
 water gas which is to be delivered to customers at 
 fifty cents per thousand cubic feet, 
 
 — Illinois Staats-Zeitung . Chicago (trans,). Page 5 
 Sept. 17. (ICN) Col. 1 
 
 " Mr, Judson's alleged fuel gas company has its pipe 
 now distributed (though not Inid) from the Indiana 
 State line as far north as Fifty-sixth street and 
 Cottage Grove avenue. He now claims to be waiting Page 2 
 patiently for a permit from the city to complete the Col. 3 
 work, . . ." _ 3 o'cl. 
 
 — Chicago .evening Journal . Sept. 8. (ICN) Edition 
 
 "The new Central Pumping Station, located on West 
 Harrison street, between Desplaines esid Halsted 
 streets, is a handsome 2-story structure, and pre- 
 sents a very imposing appearance, standing as it ■ 
 does, among the smoke begrimed houses, stores and 
 factories in that vicinity. , , , 
 
 "In the engine room, which is 90 feet long by 76 
 feet in width, and is about 50 feet high, a huge 
 engine of triple expansion may be seen at work
 
 k]?:jiLz 17 i>.5C£ A^ igrj!:rg7 is :iii5c:: 
 
 pumping water f."5c *.'ac eld seTtrf-fcot fannci sf tie 
 Weat Side piiapir.£ stjition, c.t the rate of 15,:/X,CCC 
 ^llona per tiier.t7-fctir hours. At the prc3«r.t there 
 is but one cngir.-i in op:;ratioi, l:ut ?£other -srill te Pa^e 3 
 
 ready at an early d£-tc-, Tzf^ zzst cf these engines CcL, 3 
 
 . . . is ostia-.tei at $75, 'ZC apiece. ..." 2 c'-l. 
 
 — Chica^t Zveni-^ Jt-irrrl . Sept. 12. {IZS] 2ditic:i 
 
 "In the iaacnse sachizc shcps cf the Chicr.^ & Al 
 railroad cratpr^-ny (at rloaaineton} th-ere -r-, ---' 
 twenty Icconotives either in prscess zf : 
 or receivinfe repairs and heiig re't-iilt. 
 are very near coaipleted and it -will he s:c.e :ire 
 before cay of thai zc:z. i.z out. It is a grrmd sig 
 to look throio^ih this great shcp -:i± see hrmireis 
 men at work -jp:- =:-c p'rt cf thc-se rs:-*7 -:r.str 
 engiJios." 
 
 — Al::n 5cntinel-rg:::rt-t , S-tt. 4. : 
 
 Eailrcai mechanics are rreiitei -h -> --e identic: 
 many valuable devices n:-» in use. 
 
 ^_— _; -; t —1 /■r^% 
 
 known as 'free trade ;-:i::ir_=. -_;;. are a z^w 
 style of Tincoverei -ti^^. "5^ li^*t ^^^ rrnve-ient 
 
 as well as handsoce . Tan ircrsan a:-! -is'ia---'- are 
 fitting all their new wcric with Jaenicks's safety 
 bolt rr.d anti-rattler, r. rcntrivr^ce tar.t all rmers 
 of li^t rigs will th^rcughir aprreriate. . . .'' 
 
 — Ig.ily 2r;-rs ^ Jcliet, Sept. 5. Pags 
 
 vJclirt Puhlir Library; rcl.
 
 312 ANNALS OF LABOR AND INDUSTRY IN ILLINOIS; 1890 
 
 INDUSTRIAL FACTS ABOUT qUINCY 
 
 Quincy' s 1890 census reports more than 400 factories.- Sept» 10 
 The city prides itself on having the largest governor ' 
 works in the world, five large stove foundries whose 
 annual output totals 200,000 stoves, one of the 
 largest factories of the American Straw-Board com- 
 pany, a steam pump factory, and several large found- 
 ries and flouring mills. 
 
 "It also has one of the largest tobacco factories in 
 the United States, show case works, carriage, wagon 
 and 'bus shops, conducted on magnificent scales; 
 saddle, ho.rness and trunk factories, corn planters, 
 hay presses, plows and agricultural implements of all 
 descriptions, overall, boot and shoe factories, egg 
 case works, foundry facings, blank books, breweries, 
 axle grease, saw mills, (one of unusual capacity) 
 several planing mills and box factories, crackers and 
 confectionery, brick maJcers, coopers, soaps, incuba- 
 tors, file shops, soda water, extracts and many 
 other importDJit industries too tedious to en\anerate." Page 2 
 — Quincy Herald . Sept. 11. (I^N) Col. 2 
 
 WOMEN AND CHILDREN IN INDUSTRY 
 
 ". . . We have had occasion within a few days to Sept. 11 
 point out the need of legal restraints upon employers' 
 greed in several important matters, rjnong them being 
 the unwholesome places where female servants in hotels 
 are compelled to sleep, the practice of bringing to 
 this country foreign laborers under contract, and the 
 condition of operatives in too many factories. ..." Page 4 
 — The Leader . Marion, Sept, 11. (iMar) Col. 2 
 
 HELP WANTED 
 
 "Ten carpenters rjid millwrights immediately at Hyde's Sept. 11 
 Mill. None but good frnmers wanted. Inquire at the 
 works of J. Livingston. " 
 
 —Daily News. Joliet (advertisement), Sept. 11 Page 3 
 
 (Joliet Public Library) Col. 5
 
 AMALS OF LABOR AND INDUSTRY IN ILLINOIS; 1890 313 
 
 VALUABLE HINT FOR EFFICIENT FACTORY i^ANAGEMENT 
 
 "A new use for electricity has been fo\ind o.t the Cook Sept» 11 
 publishing house. ..." Ten electric lojnps in the 
 office are connected with the press room. Inter- 
 rupters, operated automatically by the presses, 
 reflect the activity of each in the flashing of the 
 respective lamps. 
 
 "It is believed thr.t this is the first application of 
 electricity to purposes of this kind and may serve as 
 a valuable hint to managers of large establishments 
 who wish to be able to see the operation of their 
 machinery rrhile norkint at their desks*" 
 
 — Elgin Daily News . Sept. 11. Page 3 
 (Gail Borden Public Library) Col, 7 
 
 AGAINST STRIKERS 
 
 "Some of the largest firms of the country have come Sept, 11 
 to an understanding concerning the method of dealing 
 in concert with strikers. No factory v/il] employ DJiy 
 one who has left another factory on strike," P?.ge 6 
 
 — The Leader , Marion, Sept, 11. (iMar) Col, 1 
 
 ROCKFORD STRIKE STILL IN PROGRESS 
 
 "The strike at the Standard Furniture company Cinong Sept, 12 
 the wood carvers is still on. Only two of the strik- 
 ers' places have been filled," Page 2 
 — Morning Star . Rockford, Sept. 12. (iRoc) Col. 1 
 
 1C:W BUSINESS WEEKLY ANNOUNCED 
 
 The National Corporation Reporte r has appeared, Sept, 13 
 edited by the well knov/n lawyer Adolph Moses, Pub- 
 lished every Saturday, the prper is dedicated to the Page 7 
 interests of business corporations. Col, 3 
 — Illinois Staats-Zeitxuig , Chicago (trans.), Der 
 
 Sept. 14. (IC) Westen
 
 314 AMALS OF lABOR AND INDUSTRY IN ILLINOIS; 1890 
 
 FORCED TO LEAVE HCME 
 
 "Over 60 people were forced to leave their homes Sept. 13 
 yesterday to call at their druggist's for a free 
 trial package of Lane's Family Medicine. .... 
 Large size package 50 cents." Page 5 
 
 — Prairie Chie f. Cambridge, Sept. 13. (IMD) Col. 3 
 
 FINANCIAL DISTRESS IN RURAL DISTRICTS 
 
 "A significant fact in the lahor movements is the Sept. 14 
 rapid increase in number of fanners* organizations. 
 This is thought to be due in part to the financial 
 distress that hs,s prevailed for the last few years 
 in rural districts throughout the country. ..." 
 — Chicago Times . Sept. 14. (ICN) 
 
 "... The monopolies and corporations which fat- 
 ten off the farmer grow rich. We grow poorer and 
 our debts grow larger. ..." 
 
 — Morning Star . Rockford, Sept, 15. (iRoc) 
 
 Page 
 
 29 
 
 Col. 
 
 2 
 
 Page 
 
 4 
 
 Col. 
 
 2 
 
 PULIMAN-WESTINGHOUSE ALLIANCE 
 
 "Pittsburgh, Pa., Sept. 11.— George Westinghouse, Jr., Sept. 15 
 left here in his private car today for Chicago, 
 where he will confer with George M. Pullman and 
 arrange details of the proposed consolida.tion of the 
 Pullman and Westinghouse interests. ..." Page 4 
 
 — Chicago Times . Sept. 12. (IC) Col, 6 
 
 "Pittsburgh, Pa., Sept. 15. — Special telegram. — 
 George Westinghouse, Jr., who returned from Chicago 
 to-do^, speaking of the Westinghouse-Pullman combi- 
 nation, str-ted thrt shops for the exclusive making 
 of the V/estinghouse street railway equipments will 
 be built near the Pullmrin shops, rjid will probably 
 cost about $17,000,000, The Pittsburgh shops of 
 Westinghouse will not be affected." Page 2 
 
 — Daily Inter Ocean . Chicago, Sept. 16. (IC) Col, 6
 
 ANHALS OF LABOR AITO INDUSTRY IN ILLINOIS: 1890 315 
 
 CH/iNGE IN RAIL TRAFFIC ^GTHODS FORETOLD 
 
 "'The experimental stage of railroo.ding is rapidly Sept, 15 
 passing array, '" says the Railway Review . '"New 
 bases of revenue are bein£ determined, new methods 
 of operation are bein£ constantly developed, but 
 ^ . . traffic methods remain practically unchanged,'" 
 Rivalry -"nd high salaries "'reduce revenues while 
 piling up expenses.'" Page 8 
 
 • —Chicago Tines . Sept. 15. (ICN) Col. 3 
 
 "Eastern railroads that are being boycotted by the 
 shippers because of the adoption of the new imiform 
 bill of lading: are apparently on the eve of abandon- 
 ing the fight r.nd returning to the old ferm of ship- 
 ping receipts." Page 2 
 — Mat to on Gazette , Sept. 2. (iMotj) Col. 2 
 
 Round trip excursion rates to the state fair rt 
 Peoria arc announced: one fare on the Burlington, 
 and $1.75 on the Santa Fe. Page 5 
 
 — G ale sbur g Re pub lie an-Reg i s te r , Sept. 27. (IG) Col. 1 
 
 NOTES ON ILLINOIS INDUSTRIES 
 
 ". , . An extensive sorghum factory is in operation Sept. 15 
 just north of town. Good brick clay has been dis- 
 covered . . . and the project of building a canning 
 factory is now being considered by the citizens of 
 the town --.nd vicinity, t, • •" 
 
 — Ci'-mbridge Chronicle , Sept. 25. Page 4 
 (Ol^'iicc of Crjabridge Chronicle ) Col. 2 
 
 "The Hanna wat.on works, at Peoria have been destroyed 
 by fire. Loss, $45,000; insurance, $40,000." 
 
 —L ee County Times , Paw Paw, Sept. 5, Page 3 
 (Office of Lee County Time s) Col. 4 
 
 "Vacation is indeed over' at the glass works. The 
 three green glass factories vrore started Monday 
 morning. All the flint factories, including the 
 new house, had been goin^ tv;o weeks previously; 
 thus these seven immense factories are now all 
 working full blast." Many orders are reported and 
 a busy season predicted. Page 5 
 
 —Alton Sentinel-Democrat . Sept. 1. (lU) Col. 1
 
 316 ANKALS OF LABOR AND INDUSTRY IN ILLINOIS; 1890 
 
 SHORTAGE OF ROLLING STOCK REPORTED 
 
 "A car famine worse than any which he 3 ever before Sept. 15 
 been known to exist is now afflicting the country, 
 ... Roads . . . are afraid to allow their cars 
 off their own tracks, because if they do they don't 
 know how long it will be till they see them again. 
 This matter of appropriating the cars of another 
 road in busy times by roads that have not a suffi- 
 ciency of their own is one of the grievances of 
 the better equipped roads for which no siifficient 
 remedy has yet been supplied. ..." Page 7 
 
 — Chicago Evening Post > Sept. 24. (IC) Col, 3 
 
 "One year ago the Atchison Road had 3,000 coal 
 cars lying idle on its side tracks for which it 
 could find nothing to do. Of these 600 were con- 
 verted into freight cars and put to use in the 
 California fruit trade. The balance are not now 
 sufficient to trJce care of the increased business 
 of the road, though every one of them is in ser- 
 vice." Page 7 
 — Chicago Evening Post . Sept. 16. (IC) Col. 1 
 
 ", • . Careful estimates of the amount of wheat 
 now in the Northwest to be moved to market place 
 the fmoiint at 100,000,000 bushels. . . . This 
 
 would be 3,000,000 tons, or 300,000 carloads. ..." Page 7 
 — Chicago Evening Post , Sept. 24. (IC) Col. 3 
 
 "... The value of a car to the companies dif- 
 fers according to the demand there is for cars. 
 At times a car would not be worth more than 50 
 cents. At other times the roads would not con- 
 sent to rent them out for $25 a day. The aver- 
 age earnings per car, however, of all freight 
 equipment in the United States is from $1 to 
 $2.50 or $3 per day, so th-.t taking the lowest 
 of these figures as the average, the direct 
 saving to the Chicago roads through the efforts 
 of the association for the year is not less than 
 $4,000,000. ..." The reference is to the Chi- 
 cago Car Service association. Page 7 
 — Chicago Evening Post . Sept, 3. (IC) Col. 1 
 
 "The Monon is promoting its firemen as fast as it 
 receives its new engines." 
 
 — Railroad Trainmen's Journal . Galesburg. Page 535 
 
 Sept. (ICJ) Col. 1
 
 ANIIiMS OF LABOR AND INDUSTRY IN ILLINOIS; 1890 317 
 
 INDUSTRY AT HARVEY AND SOUTH CHICAGO 
 
 "The town of Harvey is rapidly coming to the Sept, 16 
 front as the leading suburban maniifacturing town 
 
 of Chicago. ..." Page 12 
 
 — Chicago Times , Sept. 15, (IC) Col, 3 
 
 ", , » The Harvey steel car works will cover 
 twenty-four acres of land, and the Carver, Steel 
 & Austin Manufacturing company's plant covers 
 seven a,cres. Other factories have negotiated for 
 sites, and the town is very rspidly springing 
 up, A large mower factory is now being operated." 
 
 —Elgin Daily News . Sept. 17. Page 3 
 (Gail Borden Public Library) Col. 6 
 
 "The Buda Foundry and Manufacturing Company has 
 bought ten acres at Harvey r.nd will build a fac- 
 tory, . . . The concern manufactures hand and 
 push cp.rs, railwny switchsto.nds r.nd similar rail- 
 way equipment. They will employ 1,000 men." Page 7 
 — Chicago Evening Post . Sept. 16. (IC) Col, 3 
 
 "There is considerable demand for manufacturing 
 sites at South Chicago and there are only a few good 
 locations available. Within the past six months 
 there have been a number of sales to manufacturers 
 ;7ho are getting ready to build plants. The first is 
 the big ship-building Industry, which alrea-dy is pro- 
 gressing rapidly with a. large steel vessel. Then 
 there are the Iroquois Furnace Company, the Chicago 
 Smelting V/orks, Mohr & Sons' Boiler TiTorks, which will 
 soon be built; .another boiler factory, which occupies 
 the old Chicago Forge and Bolt 5orks property, and 
 the Troy Laundry Machine Comp.any, \,'hich will build 
 works in a short time. All of those will employ a 
 large force of men, , . , " Page 7 
 
 — Chicago Evc'ning, Post . Sept, 24. (IC) Col, 1 
 
 "Work on the two steel steojnships at the Globe yards, 
 One Hundred and First street, is progressing as rapid- 
 ly as possible," Completion is scheduled for next 
 June. A large force is employed. Page 7 
 
 —Chicago Times . Sept, 2. (IC) Col, 5
 
 318 ANNALS OF LABOR AND INDUSTRY IN ILLINOIS; 1890 
 
 RAILROAD CONSTRUCTION 
 
 ", , . There will be lively times when the Santa Fe Sept. 17 
 attempts to cross the Big Four railway. , . , It is 
 said the Big Four will put a guard on duty in a day 
 or two, to give the alarm, sho\ild an attempt be made 
 to put in a crossing in the night." 
 
 — Daily Evening Post . Pekin, Sept. 4, Page 4 
 (Office of Pekin Daily Times ) Col. 3 
 
 Plans are announced to build an immense grand cen- 
 tral station at Twelfth and State streets. "All of 
 the leading railroads entering Chicago are to be 
 accommodated by it," Page 1 
 
 — Chicago Times . Sept. 15. (IC) Col. 2 
 
 The last spike on the road "from Alton to Elsah and 
 Grafton was driven yesterday afternoon, and the first 
 train arrived here at 7 o'clock last evening." Page 1 
 — Q^xincy Daily Journal , Sept. 18. (IQJT) Col. 6 
 
 "The C, & C. Rri-ilroad Company hp.ve a large force of men 
 cjid teams at work ... on the line between Coulter- 
 ville .-^.nd Oplcdale. ..." Page 1 
 
 — The Leader . Marion, Sept, 25. (iMar) Col, 3 
 
 "Twelve of the twenty railroads running into Chicago 
 have taken stock in the Stickney enterprise. The 
 Vanderbilt interests have not subscribed. ..." Page 2 
 — Chicago Evening Post , Sept. 27, (IC) Col. 5 
 
 STRIKE OF FORTY THOUSAND COAL MIlffiRS THREATENED 
 
 Pittsburgh, Pa., Sept. 18.— Patrick McBride, member Sept. 17 
 of the executive board of the United Mine Workers, 
 was in Pittsburgh Wednesday night on his way to 
 Springfield, 111., where he will order a strike of 
 40,000 miners employed in the Indiana and Illinois 
 fields. The strike will be for an advance in wages 
 and will begin Nov. 1, In the northern districts an 
 advance of seven and one-half cents is asked. The 
 strike has been brewing for a long time, , . ." Page 1 
 — ^Morning Star, Rockford, Sept. 20. (iRoc) Col. 5
 
 ANNALS OF LAFOR PJID IlIDUSTRY IN ILLINOIS: 1890 319 
 
 LOCAL TRANSPORTATION 
 
 "Mr, Henry is pushing the work on the Lockport Se pt. 19 
 
 electric road, p'.nd the lin-; has nov; reached the 
 
 hill north of the prison, T'Tork will be commenced 
 
 on the extension of the Hickory street line, as 
 
 soon as the street improvements are made on the 
 
 proposed route; and it is probable that the 
 
 C hicago street and Fourth Avenue line will begin 
 
 this fall." 
 
 — Daily New? . Joliot, Sept. 17. Page 5 
 (Jolict Public Library) Col. 4 
 
 "One of the leadinj; offiGv,rs of the College City 
 Street Car Company says that befor-^ lonp, cars . . , 
 '.Till be running by electricity." Page 1 
 
 — Gale sburg Republ i can-Re gi s tc r . Sept. 13 (IG) Col. 1 
 
 For a consideration of $150 a year every stre-.t 
 car p-'ssing a certain Decatur mercantile house 
 was to stop while its nr^ne was called out. The 
 stop wa,s made for a few days 'nd then discontin- 
 ued. Now a suit for $2000 is filed rgainst the 
 traction conp="nj- for violation of contract. Page 2 
 
 — Alton Sentinel-Democrat , Sept, 25. (lU) Col, 1 
 
 Spring-field "has h; .d to contend -.-'ith the old 
 mule line and the city council," but nov.' the city 
 is promised electric transportation. 
 
 — Leo County Times , Paw Paw, Sept, 5. Po-gc 3 
 (Office of Lee County Times ) Col. 4 
 
 THE STRSATCR .'•ilNSS 
 
 "Streator, 111., Sept. 19.- The Stroator .nines are Sept. 19 
 running to their full cappvCi ty :'.-ul miners a.re jot- 
 ting all the work they can do. The coal trade here 
 is better than it hrs be.,n for years, ■ nd the pros- 
 pects for a good winter's business are bright. There 
 is no visible agita.tion in "labor circles, and no 
 belligerent feeling is manifest i.mong the miners." Page 1 
 — Qiuincy Daily Journal . Sept. 19. (iqN) Col. 3
 
 ^20 AKNALS C? LABOR AiJD irDUSTRY IN ILLI.IOIS: 1890 
 
 THE HSlTl'ISPr:: C.'a'IAL ASSURED 
 
 "Th-5 President today signed the River and Harbor Sept. 19 
 ■bill, including the Hennepin canal section for 
 $500,000, which insures the great water way with- 
 out further delay." Senators Allison a.nd Cullom, 
 and Congressmen Henderson and Hayes are receiving 
 ra;iny- congratulations. Page 3 
 
 — Rock Island Ar^ais . Sept. 19, (IRA) Col. 6 
 
 "The granting of an appropriation for the Hennepin 
 canal has naturally reawakened interest in the 
 jneasuri.. in Heni^'- coiinty. ... It is held thr.t by 
 tht- canal vvheat can "be sent frou St, Paul to Chi- 
 cago without breaking bulk at a cost of 6 cents per 
 bushel. ..." 
 
 — Gencseo Republic . Sept. 26. Page 5 
 ( Office of C-eneseo Republic) Col. 2 
 
 "C.-.ptv.in L. L. '^'heeler, Assistant Engineer in the 
 employ of the !7-- r Department v/ith headqur.rters in 
 Chicago, .rrrived here yesterdaj'-, ... He will 
 hr.ve charge of th- preliminary -.'ork ."jid -.'ill enter 
 upon it at once — in fact, it jaay bo said the 
 
 Hennepin Canal hn.s commenced,'' Page 3 
 
 —Rock Isla nd Ar^-us . Sept, 30. (IRA) Col. 3 
 
 RAILWAY MERGLRS 
 
 ", . , The Southern Pacific, Missouri Pacific and Sept. 19 
 Atchison system h'..vc come to such a close under- 
 standing that they are to all intents -^nd purposes 
 under one management. The alliance is not only 
 defensive but offensive, ..." Pa£e 5 
 
 — Chicago D,-.ily Glob.; . Sept. 20. (IC) Col. 4 
 
 "The talk if; th-.t the Mobile & Ohio Railronxl has 
 been practically trrasfcrred to tac Illi.iois Cen- 
 tral, ..." Pago 1 
 —The Loader, Marioi., Sept. IS, (iMrr) Col, 3
 
 AmiALS OF LABOR AND IITOUSTRY IN ILLINOIS: 1890 321 
 
 LABOR SAVING MACHINERY ON THE FARM 
 
 "Mr, J. P. Black, of the Hapgood Plow Coapr.ny has Sept, 19 
 been grr.nted a patent on r new corn stalk cutter, 
 
 which promises to be a success," Page 4 
 
 — Alton Sentinel-Denocrat . Sept. 11. (lU) Col. 1 
 
 At New Lenox "J. T. Haines has obtained the 
 agency for the Daisy Corn Cutter, a nachine of 
 recent invention which greatly lessens the labor 
 of harvestinfV a crop tliat ha.s, heretofore, requir- 
 ed much hard labor. He has sold quite a nianber of Page 8 
 the machines." Col, 1 
 
 — Joliet News, Sept. 19 Weekly 
 (Joliet Public Library) Edition 
 
 "Last week V. W. Clough gave his ensilage harvester, 
 of which we have heretofore spoken, a thorough 
 practical test. It ha.s more tlian met his expec- 
 tations. Without crowding he was enabled to get out 
 ensilage at the rate of fifty loads of over a ton 
 each per day, vdth two men and a teojn, ... He 
 still adheres to his resolution not to p-tent the de- 
 vice, but to give the farmers the benefit of it free 
 of charge, ..." 
 
 — Geneseo Republic , Sept. 12. Page 5 
 (Office of Geneseo Republic ) Col, 2 
 
 CLOTHING S^IIESMEN SEEK 6:30 CLOSING HOUR 
 
 "The retail clothing salesmen met at the Grand Sept. 19 
 Pacific hotel last nif-jit for the purpose of form- 
 ing a Retail Clothing Salesmen's union and the dis- 
 cussion of the early-closing movement. . . . 
 Another meeting will be called next week," South 
 side clothing stores e.Te open evenings until eight- 
 thirty or nine. Page 4 
 — Chicago Daily Globe . Sept, 13. (IC) Col, 4 
 
 "A well attended meeting of the- newly organized \inion 
 of the retail clothing salesmen v/as held last evening 
 • • «-' • After considerable discussion the union de- 
 cided to apply for admission as a body to the Knights 
 of Labor. " Page 3 
 
 — Chica g o Times , Sept, 20. (IC) Col, 3
 
 322 AMALS OF LABOR AND INDUSTRY IN ILLINOIS: 189C 
 
 JOLIET STOVE MAKERS STRIKE 
 
 "There is a strike among the stove-makers employed Sept. 19 
 by the Joliet Stove Company, and yesterday an adver- 
 tisement appeared in one of the papers . . . asking 
 iinion men to keep away from Joliet, The men nxmiher 
 about eiglity, and are out for an advance," Page 1 
 
 — Daily Inter Ocean . Chicago, Sept, 20. (IC) Col. 4 
 
 CARPENTERS SURVEY THEIR VICTORIES 
 
 Press e.nd public are wrong in assuming that the car- Sept. 20 
 pcnters suffered defeat. During 1889 carpenters were 
 working from eight to ten hours a day for wages rang- 
 ing from seventeen <7.nd one-half to twenty-seven .-.nd 
 one-h -.If cents "n hour. When the agitation began in 
 February, 1890, membership was 2,375. Union wages now 
 range from thirty-seven and one-hc.lf to forty cents .an 
 hour, a very small number of scabs are v/orking for 
 thirty cents. All are nc" v/orking eight hours' a day. 
 Membership of unions now r.f filiated with the Cr.rpeiir- 
 tors' Council is over 7,000. The one demand which 
 failed of achievement was that of union recognition, 
 "That v/ill come and don't you forget it. ..." Page 8 
 —Ri ghts of Labor . Chicago (editorial), Sept. 20. (lCJ)Col, 3 
 
 KANKAKEE CASTOR OIL MILL TO OPEN 
 
 "Kankakee, 111., Sept. 20.- - Special Correspondence. — Sept. 20 
 The linseed oil works, which have been idle since 
 joining the trust, are about to be started again, but 
 not to make linseed oil. The machinery has been taken 
 out and new put in for the manufacture of all grades 
 of castor oil. The capacity of the mill will be two 
 car-lo-.ds of beans daily," Page 21 
 
 —Su nday Inter Ocean . Chicago, Sept. 21. (IC) Col. 1 
 
 "The concern had not been in operation for six years," Page 1 
 — Chrjnpaign Daily Gazette . Sept. 20. (IC) Col. 4
 
 AOTJALS OF LilE.OR Alffi INDUSTRY IN ILLINOIS: 1890 323 
 
 TE/.NSFER OF nffiUS TRIES 
 
 "The transfer of industries is one of the i^iost Sept. 20 
 strongly marked r.xnl distinctive features in modern 
 industrial life. Its econonic causes are to te 
 found in the exhaustion of local supplies, the de- 
 velopment of nev areas, and the chonfjin;. of centers 
 of connercial distribution, . . . 
 
 "The deportation of nanufacturcs fron eastern States 
 to the west and south will lar^^ely chan^^e the old 
 centers of v;ealth and industry." Pace 16 
 
 — Chica,^:o Tines . Sept. 21. (ICN) Col. 2 
 
 ILLINOIS 3/J(ERS SHi.RE THE, 7/ORK IN DULL SEASONS 
 
 A neetin^; of Br>icars' Union No. 49 of Chicago, was Sept. 20 
 held Sept. 20. "A resolution of the Central Com- 
 nittee looking;; towards the reduction of the nunber 
 of unemployed during the v;intcr season was adopted. 
 The plan is that in all shops where 4 or more nen 
 are employed, no man shall be laid off altogether, 
 but the nen' shall stop one week each in turn; but 
 the union may limit this provision to members in 
 good standing. . . ." • Po.ge 2 
 
 —Bakers' Journal, N. Y. , Oct. 4. (ICJ) Col. 2 
 
 MORE Y/A&ES iTANTED FOR IffiSTERN COAL MINERS 
 
 "Patrick McBryde, member of the- executive board of Sept. 20 
 the United Mine I'Torkcrs of Ainerica, came to Springfield 
 yesterday as the representative of President Ray and 
 will issue a circular calling on the miners of Illinois 
 and Indianca to make a demand for the Columbus scale of 
 prices. This means an advance of seven and a half cents 
 a ton for northern Illinois and a proportionate advance 
 for other districts of the state. If tliis demand is not 
 complied with by the operators a general strike is to be 
 ordered, to go into effect November first, Mr. McBiyde 
 soys if the proposed general strike does not accomplish 
 the desired result the mines of Pcnnsylvani;i and Ohio 
 wi-ll be closed to shorten the supply." Page 2 
 
 —Rock Island Ar.'ais, Sept. 22. (IRA) Col. 4
 
 324 AmULS OF LABOR AITO INDUSTRY IN ILLINOIS; 1890 
 
 RAIL NOTES FROM GALESEURG 
 
 Harvest excursionists are crowding the C. B. & Q, Sept. 20 
 waiting rooms. "Mr Spanner, the ticket agent, had 
 two assistants." Eight trains left the station 
 last ni^ht with over 3000 passengers. Similar 
 scenes were enacted at the "Santa Fe depot during 
 the evening." Page 5 
 
 — Galesburg Republican-Register , Sept. 13. (IG) Col. 4 
 
 It is said thrt "the contract is let to double 
 track the Sr.nta Fe through Illinois. . . . The 
 ros.d is now being taxed to its utmost, fifty trains 
 being run over the road each vray every twenty- 
 four hours." Page 3 
 — Galesburg Republicaji-Register , Sept. 6. (IG) Col. 3 
 
 "The Santa Fe is already engaged in building its 
 double track. Ten days ago work was begun at 
 
 Joliet. ..." Page 5 
 
 — Galesburg Republican-Register , Sept. 27. (IG) Col. 1 
 
 "J.'smes N. Carroll, a railroad mm, h'^d the fingers 
 of one h"nd severely crushed Monday. It was the old 
 story of a hn.nd caught between the drawbars." Page 1 
 — Galesburg Republican-Register . Sept. 27. (IG) Col. 1 
 
 A water shortage is reported. The C. B. & Q,. uses 
 200,000 gallons a day. Page 1 
 
 — Galesburg Republican-Register , Sept. 27. (IG) Col. 1 
 
 "The C. 3. & Q. hps posted a notice in its depot 
 here that hackmen must hereafter rem;iin at the 
 door of their hacks and cabs instead of riinning 
 after and follo'.-ing passengers." Page 1 
 
 — Galesburg Republican-Register , Sept. 20. (IG) Col. 1 
 
 THE PURINGTON BRICK WORKS 
 
 "The Purington Paving Brick works are about ready Sept. 20 
 for operation. ..." The Chrmbers' brick machine, 
 the Eudaly patent kilns, and the 250 horsepower 
 Hamilton Corliss engine make the plant "a magnif- 
 icent one . . . perfect as possible in every de- 
 tail, ..." Page 6 
 — Gale sb urg Republ ican-Regis te r . Sept. 20. (IG) Col. 3
 
 ANNALS OF LAP-OR AIP II-mUSTRY IN ILLINOIS; 1890 325 
 
 A HEW CIGAR M.':£ING MACHINE AITO A CIGAR tii-JCERS' STRIKE 
 
 "A new machine pronises to fill end roll ci£;ars, Sept« 21 
 They sny only 14,000 r.en r/ill be needed to do the 
 work that nov? employs 58,000 skilled hr.nds. Ex- 
 perts by hand nalce 500 a day. The r.iachine nir.nu- 
 factures 2000 in tea hours," Page 16 
 
 — Chicaeo Times . Sept, 21. (IC) Col. 5 
 
 Tv/enty~thrce union cit;ar inakcrs employed in the 
 factories of Fouth Bros, md Jacob Miller, struck 
 yesterday at Aurora because of a disacreeraent over 
 strippinc. At $16 a week, enployers say, the r/age 
 scale exceeds that in Chicago and elsewhere. Page 2 
 
 —Dail y Inter Ocean . Chicago, Sept. 30, (IC) Col, 4 
 
 "» . , Other cigar manufactures consented . , . 
 and avoided similar trouble," 
 
 — Daily News , Joliet, Sept. 30. Page 2 
 (Joliet Public Library) Col, 2 
 
 AIMS OF THE TRADE AITO IA30R ASSEiMBLY 
 
 "Primarily the reasons for organizing the assembly Sept. 21 
 were two-fold — the recog-nition of the antagonistic 
 relationship and interests of employers and employes, 
 and the necessity of organization and unity on the 
 part of the V'/age-workers to resist the constant ef- 
 forts of employers to reduce wages and impose such 
 conditions of employment as seriously effect the 
 liberty and life of the wage-workers; and secondly, 
 the recognition of the fact that with the application 
 of steam-power and the invention of labor-saving 
 machinery the problem of prodioation of wealth suf- 
 ficient to supply the v.-ants, comforts, and luxury 
 of m-"Jikind had been solved and the vital question 
 pressing for solution was the equitable distribution 
 of the wealth so produced. 
 
 "In 1878 the assembly a,dopted a resolution calculated 
 to modify, in a legitimate though radical way, the 
 industrial conditions that then obtained." The 
 organization is the outcome of the confused conditions 
 precipitated by the great railroad strike of 1877. Page 16 
 — Chicago Times . Sept. 21. (ICN) Col, 1
 
 526 ANNALS OF LABOR llTD INDUSTRY IN ILLINOIS: 1390 
 
 RAILVfAY EI^IPLOYES ORGANIZE 
 
 "The engineers and conductors of the Chicago and Sept. 21 
 Northwestern Railway system on S\anday formed on 
 org.anization, which will be known as the Brother- 
 hood of Locomotive Engineers and the Order of Rail- 
 way Conductors," 
 
 — Journal of the Knights of Labor . ' Col, 4 
 
 Philadelphia, Sept. 25. (ICJ) Page 6 
 
 "Few people kave any comprehension of the vast 
 po7/er of the United Railway Employes' Association, 
 . . . Fully two-thirds of all the engineers, 
 brakomen, conductors, and switchmen in this country 
 are members of the various railroad brotherhoods." Page 29 
 — Chicago Times . Sept. 14. (IC) Col. 2 
 
 "The banquet given last night by the Order of 
 Steran Engineers at the Atlantic hotel . . . was 
 attended by fifty members of the organization , . , , 
 
 "Its formation was the outcome of a strike. Its 
 principles are to avoid all strife between em- 
 ployer and employed, instead, hovfever, to bring 
 the two pov/erful bodies closer together, to as- 
 sist injured members to obtain employment, to a.id 
 the widows and orphans and to establish a school 
 wherein members ma,y be taught the higher branches 
 of engineering." Page 2 
 
 — Chicago Daily Globe . Sept. 26, (IC) Col. 6 
 
 "Since the Brotherhood of Locomotive Engineers 
 was formed wages have doubled, and $3,000,000 
 
 has been paid to families of deceased members." Page 16 
 — Chicago Times . Sept, 21, (IC) Col, 6 
 
 . STOCK YARDS TRAFFIC SIMPLIFIED 
 
 "The newly organized Chicago Rail\7ay Transfer Sept, 22 
 
 Association which succeeds the old Railvfay 
 
 Switching Association in handling transfer 
 
 switching at the Union Stock Yards oommenced 
 
 4oing business this morning. The plan of 
 
 each road doing its own switching was fo\ind
 
 ALmALS OF DxBOR AlIB KTOUSTRY IH ILLINOIS; 1890 327 
 
 to be too tedious and expensive to "be any 
 use and the reorganization of the association 
 
 was an imperfitive necessitj'", • • •" Page 7 
 
 — Chicago Evening Post , Sept. 22. (IC) Col, 1 
 
 Forty- three locomotives are no^T used by the 
 
 association. Page 7 
 
 — Daily Inter Ocean . Chicago, Sept. 20. (IC) Col. 3 
 
 CAHPENI^RS ON COUNTY P/.YROLLS GET HIGHER MGES 
 
 "The comptroller was authorized to issue Sept. 23 
 
 certificates for the increase of pay to the 
 carpenters at the various county institutions, 
 which was voted at a recent meeting of the 
 board. . . . This raises the wages of carpenters 
 employed by the city from $35 to $40 a month," Page 2 
 — Chicago Daily Globe . Sept. 23, (IC) Col. 5 
 
 SUBDIVIDSRS' AUCTION AND BARBECUE 
 
 "HEIJP WANTED - ;ULES Sept. 24 
 
 "Miccollaneous . . . 
 
 "Wanted — One hundred laborers to set out trees; 
 report this morning at 55th street and Grand Trunk 
 Railroad; meals furnished free. 
 " McElroy, Keency & Co," 
 
 — Daily Inter Ocean (advertisement), Chicago, Page 12 
 
 Sept. 24. (IC) Col, 4 
 
 "Despite the rain yesterday th^ great auction sale 
 and barbecue of McElroy, Keeney & Co. was a pro- 
 nounced success. The event was attended by over 
 10,000 people, and over 1000 lots wore sold at prices 
 ranging from $25 to $17 a front foot, which was ex- 
 tremely lo'v for such valuable property." 
 
 Manj' of the buyers c:me by special trains from 
 distant cities. The subdividers furnished a lunch 
 for the crowd by roasting fifty cattle, hogs, and 
 sheep. There remain 1500 lots to be sold. The 
 
 tract lies betv/een 55th and 63rd streets. Pago 3 
 
 —Chicago Daily Globe , Sept. 26, (IC) Col. 5
 
 328 AlfNALS OF LABOR AND INDUSTRY IN ILLINOIS: 1890 
 
 BROCMCORN SEASON— HARVEST AND MANUFACTURE 
 
 "Tuscola, 111., Sept. 2. — More than a thousand broom Sept. 25 
 
 corn cutters in Coles and Douglas counties left the 
 
 fields yesterday morning and refused to work unless 
 
 paid a 25 cent advance. Between 300 and 400 at 
 
 Areola joined in the strike. As the crop is heavy 
 
 and the time short for harvesting, the growers in 
 
 many cases will be compelled to grant the advance 
 
 demanded. " 
 
 — Daily Evening Post . Pekin, Sept, 2. Page 1 
 
 (Office of Pokin Daily Times ) Col. 7 
 
 Broomcutters had been getting $1,00 a day, 
 
 — Journs.1 of the Knights of Labor . Philadelphia, Page 4 
 
 Sept. 18. (ICJ) Col. 2 
 
 One employer "made the proposition thf'.t if each man 
 would cut as much corn in a dcy as his fourteen- 
 year-old son, he would pay the price demanded. They 
 all agreed." Page 2 
 
 — Mattoon Commercial . Sept, 11. (iMat) Col. 3 
 
 Regardless of reported high prices paid for broom- 
 corn, "the Gazette would advise that if $80 or $90 
 can be secured to lot it go. ..." Page 1 
 — Mattoon Gazette . Sept. 12. (iMatJ) Col, 6 
 
 ". . . The broom factory, situated near the depot, 
 is turning out about 150 dozen brooms of excellent 
 quality every week. . , . The supply is much short 
 of demand, and wc are informed the stockholders con- 
 template doubling the present capacity very soon. 
 II 
 
 — Cambridge Chronicle . Sept, 25. Page 4 
 (Office of Crunbridge Chronicle ) Col. 2 
 
 COOPERATION AVERTS STRIKE 
 
 "The Northwestern Railway company and its employes Sept. 26 
 are to be congratulated upon the precedent estab- 
 lished on and for the great trunk line last Friday. 
 The train conductors of the road asked for certain 
 changes, and the management, instead of snubbing 
 them, invited them to a conference. . . ," A new 
 schedule was arranged to the satisfaction of both 
 sides. Page 4 
 
 — S\inday Inter-Ocean . Chicago, Sept. 28. (IC) Col. 2
 
 ANIiALS OF lABOR AND INDUSTRY IN ILLINOIS: 1890 329 
 
 WAGES, HOUHS, AND SALARIES OF R/lILRQAD MEN 
 
 "The engineers and firemen of the Big Four and Bee Sept. 26 
 
 Line railroads have had their wsiges equalized . , , 
 
 viz.: $3.50 per 100 miles for engineers and 55 per 
 
 cent for firemen. The old Bee Line freight engineers 
 
 and firemen to have and receive the old Big Four 
 
 rates, $4 per 100 miles for engineers and 55 per 
 
 cent of this for firemen, " 
 
 -^- Locomotive Engineers Journal , Page 712 
 Cleveland, 0. Sept. (ICJ) Col, 2 
 
 "The Lake Shore's concession to the employes in 
 reducing the hours of the regular work-day from 
 12 to 10, is said to have teen entirely voluntary," 
 
 — Railroad Trainmen's Journal , Galesburg, Page 535 
 Sept. (ICJ) Col. 2 
 
 "The salary of President McLcod, of the Reading 
 Railroad, has been increased to $40,000. The sal- 
 ary of Chauncey M. Depcw as President of the New 
 York Ccntrfil is $50,000, which is the largest sal- 
 ary paid to any railroad president in the world." Page 16 
 — Daily Inter Ocean , Chicago, Sept. 27. (IC) Col, 4 
 
 "Illinois Central trainmen have heen gra-nted aji in- 
 crease of five per cent in wages. . . , The increase 
 will cost the company -m additional outlay of $100,000 
 a year. Conductors will get from $90 to $110, brakemen 
 from $45 to $55, paid ■ba.ggagemen from $55 to $60." Page 1 
 — Ch.-^npaign Daily Gazette . Sept. 27, (lU) Col, 4 
 
 Some of the station agents and telegraphers on the Chi- 
 cago and Eastern Illinois railroad are striking for 
 "an increase of wages, the present rate of $80 and 
 $40 per month being considered entirely too small." Page 2 
 —Chicago Daily Globe . Sept, 26. (IC) Col, 6 
 
 "Wanted, - A good reliable chairman to preside at 
 meetings and be otherwise useful. Salary, $15,000 
 per year .... Address, Southwestern Railway ;-md 
 Steamship Company, Chicago and San Francisco," Page li 
 
 — Daily Inter Ocean , Chicago, Sept. 25 (IC) Col, 2
 
 330 ANNALS OF LABOR AND INDUSTRY IN ILLINOIS; 1890 
 
 FORMATION OF SHOT, GLASS, AND WRAPPING PAPER 
 TRUSTS 
 
 "A secret meeting of the window-glass msmufacturers Sept. 26 
 of America was held at the Auditorium hotel yester- 
 day, and resulted in the formation of a trust com- 
 prising the larger manufacturers. . . . The avowed 
 otject was not to crush the smaller manxifacturers. " Page 4 
 —Chicago Globe . Sept. 3. (IC) Col. 4 
 
 "The new Window-Glass trust is almost ready to go 
 into opero.tion. . . . Each factory entering into 
 the trust is required to place into the general treas- 
 uiTT $5000 either in glass values or money. . . . The 
 entire product will be sold by the general organization 
 through its agents." Page 5 
 
 — Chicago Times . Sept, 15. (ICN) Col. 3 
 
 In session yesterday at the Auditorium Hotel, vvindow 
 pane mo.nufacturcrs sought means of increasing the 
 tariff on glass, 
 
 —Illinois Staats-Zeitung , Chicago trans,), Sept. 17. Page 5 
 
 (ICN) Col. 1 
 
 "Numerous representatives of the shot tower companies 
 of the United States assembled at the Auditorixm 
 yesterday for the purpose of completing a gigantic 
 trust, which is to embrace every shot majiiifacturing 
 plant in the country. The trust v/ill be kno'-vn as 
 the American Shot association, , , ," It is an Illi- 
 nois corporation, capitalized at $3,000,000, Page 2 
 — Chicago Globe . Sept, 3, (IC) Col. 5 
 
 "The price of wrapping paper will be increased 
 about the 1st of January, as the result of an im- 
 portant r.nd decidely secret meeting of rcpresentar- 
 tives of practically all the straw and rag paper 
 mills of the country held yesterday at the Sherman 
 House," Fifty mill owners are represented in the 
 combine. Page 1 
 
 — Chicago Globe . Sept. 17. (IC) Col. 7
 
 A'MALS OF LABOR AITO IITOUSTRY IN ILLINOIS: 1890 
 
 FEDERAL GOVSRK^^JlNT SUES FOR 3RIDGE TOLLS 
 
 "Suit for $200,000 d^unr-ges was trought on bchr.lf of Sept, 26 
 the United States yesterday in the United States '^- ^ 
 
 Circuit Court against the Chicago, Rock Island and 
 Pacific Railroad Company, " The suit is for nearly 
 ten years' tolls over the Mississippi River bridgf; 
 between Rock Island and Davenport, Page 16 
 
 — D aily Inter Oceo-n , Chicago, Sept. 27, (IC) Col, 1 
 
 CHARGE VIOLATION OF CONTRACT LABOR LAW 
 
 "Hugh D, Moreland and John G, Beo-ton, of the firm Sept, 26 
 of Moreland & Beaton, carpenters at No, 514 North 
 Clark street, have a little uiiplcasantness \iith 
 the government and in consequence were sued by the 
 United States in the federal court yesterday for 
 $2,000 on an action of debt," Their agent is al- 
 leged to have hired Patrick J, Phelan in violation 
 of the alien contract labor act, Pa,ge 4 
 
 —C hicago Daily Globe . Sept. 27. (IC) Col. 4 
 
 HEATII-IG EQUIPMLNT TO 3E EXHIBITED 
 
 "Maltby & Wallace will exhibit their steam rnd hot- Sept. 27 
 water heating apparn.tus at the state fair in Peoria 
 
 next week, " Page 1 
 
 — Ch.-^inpaign Daily Gazette . Sept. 27. (lU) Col. 2 
 
 HUGE REFRIGERATOR FOR STOCK YARDS 
 
 "The Fred W. Ylolf Compr.ny, engineers and carchitects, 
 of No, 560 North Halstcd street, rnd sole owners 
 for the United States of the celebrated Linde ice 
 machine patents, have just completed for the George 
 F, Swift Company, at the Stock Yards, the largest 
 refrigerating plant constructed in the world. It
 
 332 .UniALS OF LABOR AITO ITOUSTRY IN. ILLINOIS; 1890 
 
 has a refrigerating co.pacity equal to the melting 
 of 800 tons of ice daily, r.nd to operate the ma- 
 chinery requires two 500-horse power Corliss en- 
 gines." Page 7 
 — Sunday Inter Ocean . Chicago, Sept. 28. (IC) Col, 4 
 
 SWITCHMEN HIRED FOR STRIKE DUTY? 
 
 "Wanted — Practical Switchmen for positions out of Sep t . 29 
 city: pay Chicago, scales. Apply room 14, Briggs 
 House. " 
 
 — Sunday Inter Ocean , Chicago, (advertisonent) , Page 11 
 
 Sept. 28, (IC) Col. 3 
 
 "Switchmen by the score are being employed to go 
 West, most probably to Denver, where a switchmen's 
 strike is in progress in the local freight yards, 
 A man named J. C, Morgan called at the Briggs House 
 yesterday morning and said he v/a,nted a room for a 
 few days, as he intended hiring some railroad men. 
 An Advertisement inserted in the papers was an~ 
 swered by over 100 men yesterday, many of whom were 
 given jobs. None of the men were enlightened as 
 to their destina.tion. " Page 2 
 
 — Daily Inter Ocean . Chicago, Sept. 30. (IC) Col. 6 
 
 CANNING FACTORIES BUSY 
 
 ", , , The Gibson canning factory is a great in- Sept, 29 
 stitution, not only employing 150 hands or more 
 during the canning season, but many hands the year 
 ro\ind, and the money is a great help to our home 
 people. The season for canning this year has just 
 closed, the record is 1,100,000 cajis. They are now 
 to be labeled and boxed for shipping. " Page 1 
 
 — Champaign Daily Gazette . Sept. 29. (lU) Col. 3 
 
 "Last Tuesday the Hooposton camiing factory turned 
 out 69,000 cans of corn. They are now engaged in 
 canning pumpkin and h<ave advertised for 1,000 tons
 
 AMALS OF L.\BOR AlTD INDUSTRY IN ILLINOIS; 1890 333 
 
 of yellow pumpkins. This is in addition to 150 
 acres which the company have in this vegetable. 
 They also have 1,200 acres of corn of their ovm, " Page 1 
 
 — Champaign Daily Gazette . Sept. 29. (lU) Col, 3 
 
 NEW COKPOFATIONS LICENSED 
 
 Among the corporations licensed by the Secretary Sept. 30 
 
 of State this month were the following: 
 
 Chicago Wire Goods company, $100,000; Internation- 
 al Columbian Exposition Protective and Information 
 Bureau, Chicago, $50,000j Chicago TThip company, 
 $100,000; and A.-nerican Evaporator company at 
 
 Peoria, $60,000. Page 4 
 
 —Chicago Daily Globe . Sept. 3. (IC) Col, 3 
 
 Galesburg Cold Storage company, for storage end 
 ice manufacture, the commissioners being the 
 Messrs. I. S. Callender, Peter Nelson, ;:nd E, D. 
 Dudley. Page 6 
 
 — Galesburg Republican-Register . Sept, 6. (IG) Col. 1 
 
 Fleming H. Revell corapejiy, publishers, Chicago, 
 $125,000; and the John Riiu Stove comppjiy, Chi- 
 cago, $500,000, Page 2 
 — Chicago Evening Post . Sept. 16. (IC) Col. 6 
 
 The Price Flavoring Extract company, Chicago, 
 $400,000. 
 
 — Illinois Stg^ts-Zeitung , Chicago, Page 1 
 
 (translation), Sept. 17. (ICN) Col, 6 
 
 ", . . Guenantin's Chicago Sewage Purification 
 compcny, at Chicago; to purify waters in rivers, 
 creeks, marshes and sewers in Cook County and to 
 sell processes cind improvements in method of 
 purification; capital stock $2,000,000; incorpor- 
 ators, Jean Marie Guenantin, Eugene Colibert F.nd 
 Emile D. Voisard. " Page 7 
 
 —Chicago Evening Post , Sept. 20. (IC) Col, 4 
 
 Robert Emery Stock Spice compr.ny, Chicago, grocers' Page 7 
 
 Sundries, $15,000; Advance Association of Street Col. 1 
 
 Rp-ilroad Men of West Chicago, Chicago. 3 o'cl, 
 
 — Chicago Evening Journal. Sept, 26, (ICN) Edition
 
 BIBLIOGRAPHY 
 
 SOURCE 
 
 Alton Sentinel-Democrat lU 
 
 Bakers' Journal, New York ICJ 
 Cambridge Chronicle 
 
 Carpenter, The, Phila- 
 delphia ICJ 
 Champaign Daily Gazette lU 
 
 Chicago Council Proceed- 
 ings 
 
 Chicago Daily News ICN 
 
 Chicago Evening Journal IC 
 
 Chicago Evening Post IC 
 
 Chicago Globe IC 
 
 Chicago Mail ICN 
 
 Chicago Times (IC 
 
 (ICN 
 
 Chicago Tribune IC 
 Daily Evening Post, Pekin 
 
 Daily Inter Ocean, Chicago IC 
 Daily News, Joliet 
 
 Daily Union, Rock Island IR 
 East St. Louis Daily 
 
 Journal lEa 
 
 Elgin Daily News 
 
 Galesburg Republican- 
 Register IG 
 
 Galva Standard iGa 
 
 Galva Weekly News IGa 
 
 Genesee Republic 
 Illinois Sta^ts-Zeitung, 
 
 Chicago (IC 
 
 (ICN 
 Independent, The, Eewanee IK 
 Journal of the Knights of 
 
 Labor, Philadelphia ICJ 
 Kankakee Gazette 
 
 WHERE CONSULTED 
 
 University of Illinois 
 
 Library, Urbana 
 John Crerar Library, Chicago 
 Office of Cambridge 
 
 Chronicle 
 
 John Crerar Library, Chica.go 
 University of Illinois 
 Library, Urbana 
 
 City of Chicago Mtmicipal 
 
 Reference Library 
 Newberry Library, Chicago 
 Chica.go Public Library 
 Chicago Public Library 
 Chicago Public Library 
 Nev/borry Librarj'", Chicago 
 Chicago Public Library 
 Newberry Library, Chicago 
 Chicago Public Library 
 Office of Pekin Daily Times 
 Chicago Public Library 
 Joliet Public Library 
 Rock Island Public Library 
 
 East St, Louis Public 
 
 Library 
 Gail Borden Public Library, 
 
 Elgin 
 
 Galesburg Free Public 
 
 Library 
 Galva Township Public 
 
 Library 
 Galva Township Public 
 
 Library 
 Office of Geneseo Republic 
 
 Chicago Public Library 
 Newberry Library, Chicago 
 Kewanee Public Library 
 
 John Crerar Library, Chicago 
 Office of Kankakee Gazette
 
 BIBLIOGRAPHY - Cont, 
 
 SOURCE 
 
 Kewanee Courier IK 
 
 Leader, The, Marion Mar 
 Lee County Times, Paw Paw 
 
 LocoKiotive Engineers' 
 
 ■JournaL, Cleveland ICJ 
 
 Mat toon Commercial Blat 
 
 Mattoon Gazette MatJ 
 
 Milledgeville Free Press lU 
 
 Morning Star, Rockford IRoc 
 Pekin Daily Times 
 
 Peoria Transcript IP 
 
 Prairie Chief, Cambridge BID 
 
 Q,uincy Daily Journal IQJT 
 
 Q,uincy Herald IQJI 
 
 Rc^ilroad Trainmen's Journal, 
 
 Galcsburg ICJ 
 
 Rights of Labor, Cliicago ICJ 
 
 Rock Island Argus IRA 
 
 Kewanee Public Library 
 Marion Carnegie Library 
 Office of Lee County Times, 
 Paw Paw 
 
 John Crerar Library, Chicago 
 Mattoon Public Library 
 Office of Mattoon Daily 
 
 Journal-Gazette and Com- 
 mercial Star 
 University of Illinois 
 
 Library, Urbana 
 Rockford Public Library 
 Office of Pekin Daily Times 
 Peoria Public Library 
 Office of Moline Daily 
 
 Dispatch 
 Office of Q,uincy Herald- 
 Whig 
 Office of Q,uincy Herald- 
 •miig 
 
 Joion Crerar Library, Chicago 
 John Crerar Library, Chicago 
 Office of Rock Island Argus
 
 THE l/BKARy Of THE 
 
 OCT 9 1941 
 
 UN/VERSmr OF ILLINOIS

 
 UNIVERSITY OF ILLINOIS-URBANA 
 331F32A COOl 
 
 THE ANNALS OF LABOR AND INDUSTRY IN ILLI 
 1-3 1690 
 
 lllllllllllllililllllil 
 3 0112 025289437