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/ 
 
 I 
 
MORFORD’S 
 
 Short-Trip Guide 
 
 TO 
 
 AMERICA. 
 
 {UNITED STATES AND DOMINION OF CANADA,) 
 
 By HENRY MORFORD, 
 
 AUTHOR OR THE “ SHORT-TRIP GUIDE TO EUROPE,’’ “ OVSR-SKA,” 
 “PARIS IN ’67,” ETC. 
 
 NEW YOUR: 
 
 CHARLES T. DILLINGHAM. 
 
 BOSTON: 
 
 LEE <fc SHEPARD. 
 
 LONDON : 
 
 TRUBNER & CO., 
 
 AND 
 
 W. m SMITH & SON. 
 
Entered at Stationers’ Hall, London— all rights reserved. 
 Entered according to Act of Congress, in the year ISTT, 
 
 By HEKRY MORFORB, 
 
 In the Office of the Librarian of Congresa, at Washington, D. O. 
 
 F, l^KbmTT & Co,, Printers, Pearl and Fine St., Kew Yor2u 
 
‘?/ 7 - S 
 
 hi Hi 
 
 4 - 
 
 ADTERTISEMENT 
 
 TO THE SEVENTH EDITION. 
 
 Ill the preparation of the seventh edition of the Short- 
 Trip Guide to America,” necessarily most of the features 
 which had won it so much of commendation and success in 
 previous editions, have been retained; though many varia- 
 tions have been found necessary, from the constant changes 
 of routes, widening of space covered by railway transit, alter- 
 ations and improvements in cities, &c. Some entirely new 
 and important routes have been added, and completions of 
 only less consequence made in others. Most of the very 
 close particulars given last year with reference to the City of 
 Philadelphia, have been retained as permanently useful- and 
 especial attention has been paid to the very latest alterations 
 m the City of New York. Southern and Western routes 
 have also been materially remodeled and extended; and the 
 various new railway connections with the main line crossin <r 
 the Continent to the Pacific, will he found carefully noted” 
 as well as the improvements and alterations made by the 
 last three years in the strange City of the Golden Gate. It 
 is believed that, taken all in all, the “Short-Trip Guide” 
 for 1877 will be found reasonably complete, and thoroughly 
 welcome to the large body of native and foreign travelers to 
 whose convenience it may mini&ter. 
 
 New York and London> 
 
 June, 1877. 
 
TABLE OF CONTENTS 
 
 Index jf: 
 
 Dis'j ancks, Time and Fares Xiv 
 
 Cost and Tmn of Short American Trips 7 
 
 Puepakations for the Trip to America 17 
 
 AFiiat to 1)0 and Avoid on Shipboard 30 
 
 3^e ll-Time at Sea 40 
 
 New York City, Harbor and Suburbs 42 
 
 liOUTE No. 1. — Northern — New York to Niagara and Canada 02 
 
 “ No. 2. — Northern — New York to Niagara and Canada 83 
 
 ** No. 3 —Northern — New York to Saratoga, Lake George, &c. 91 
 
 “ No. 4. — Eastern— New York to Boston, by New Haven, 
 
 Providence, &c 103 
 
 “ No. 5. — Eastern — jSoston to Portland and Canada 124 
 
 “ No. 6. — Northern and Eastern — Boston to White Moun- 
 tains, &c 129 
 
 “ No. 7. — Northern and Eastern — New York to White Moun- 
 tains, &c 136 
 
 “ No. 8. — Near Western — New York to Philadelphia 144 
 
 “ No. 9. — Western and Southern — Philadelphia to Baltimore, 
 
 Washington and lliehmond 162 
 
 “ No. 9|. — Special Yirginian— Baltimore or Washington to 
 
 Virginia Cities, Springs and Mountains 189 
 
 “ No. 9| — Western and South-Western — Washington or Bal- 
 timore, to Chicago and St, Louis 189Z 
 
 “ No. 10. — South- Western— Richmond to Charleston, Savan- 
 nah, New Orleans, &c 190 
 
 “ No. 11.— South - Western — Washington or Richmond to 
 
 Nashville and New Orleans 195 
 
 No. 11|. — Southern — Richmond to Charleston, Savannah, 
 
 and Florida Resorts : 196cj 
 
 No. 12. — Western— New York or Philadelphia to Cincinnati 
 
 and (Chicago 197 
 
 No. 13.— Western— New York to Chicago. &c 206 
 
 “ No. 14. — Western— Cincinnati to Louisville, St. Louis and 
 
 Chicago 217 
 
 “ No. 45. — Northern and Western — Buffalo to Chicago, by 
 
 Lake Shore 226 
 
 “ No. 16. — Northern— New York or Philadelphia to Coal and 
 
 Oil Regions 228 
 
 “ No. 17.— Canadian and Western— Niagara to Detroit and 
 
 Chicago 231 
 
 “ No. 18 — North-Western — Chicago to St Paul and Lake 
 
 Superior 237 
 
 “ No. 19. — Canadian — Niagara to Toronto, Ottawa, Montreal, 
 
 Quebec, &c 241 
 
 No. 20.— Canadian— Niagara to Toronto, Montreal and Que- 
 bec, by Steamers 257 
 
 “ No. 21.— Far Western— Chicago to Omaha, Salt LakeOity 
 
 and San Francisco 261 
 
 Off Route and Minor Places 277 
 
 ^Steamship Lines and Banking Houses — 
 
 Ameuicax Hotels for Travellers — • 
 
 Reminders to Ramblers — — 
 
INDEX 
 
 [P1.AC1S AND ROUTES. FOR PLACES THEMSELVES, SEE FIGURES IN HEAVY 
 TYPE ; FOR PLACES NOT FOUND IN THIS INDEX, SEE “-OFF- 
 ROLYE AND MINOR PLACES,” PRECEDING.J 
 
 A 
 
 Acapulco, Mex., 273. 
 
 AGiromlack Mountains, 97, 100. 
 Adrian, Mich., 227 , 235. 
 
 Akron, Ohio, 2^0. 
 
 Alameila (and Warm Springs), 
 Cal., 271, 273. 
 
 Albany, N. Y., 70. 
 
 Albion, Mich., 235. 
 
 Albion, N. Y., 77. 
 
 Alexandria, Ya., 183 , 185, 195. 
 Alkali, Neb., 269. 
 
 Allegheny City, Pa., 200. 
 Allegheny Mountains, 109. 
 Allegheny Springs, Va., 195. 
 Allentown, Pa., 208. 
 
 •Alliance, 0., 210. 
 
 Altoona, Pa., 199. 
 
 Alton Bay, N. II , 125, 129. 
 
 Alton, 111., 224, 239, 261, 263. 
 Alton, N. II., 129. 
 
 Amador, Cal., 274. 
 
 Amherst, Mass., 139. 
 
 Ammonoosuc Falls, N. H., 134. 
 Anchorage, Ky., 217. 
 
 Andover, North, Mass, 124. 
 Annapolis Junction. Md., 171. 
 Annapolis, Md., 1G8, 171. 
 
 Ann Arbor, Mich., 235. 
 Appomattox, Va., 195. 
 
 Aquia Creek, Va., 183, 185. 
 Argenta, Nev., 272. 
 
 Arlington House, Va., 182. 
 Arnprior, Can., 243. 
 
 Acthabasca (Junction), Can., 128, 
 251. 
 
 Ashland, Iowa, 263. 
 
 Ashland, Ky., 217. 
 
 Aspen, Utah, 271. 
 
 Aspinwall, Cent. Amer., 273. 
 Athens, N. Y., 70. 
 
 Athens, O., 203. 
 
 Atlanta, Ga., 191. 
 
 Atlantic, Iowa, 264. 
 
 Atlantic City, N. J., 150, 160. 
 Attleboro, Mass., 110. 
 
 Auburn, Cal., 273. 
 
 Auburn, N. Y., 76. 
 
 Augusta, Ga., 191. 
 
 Augusta, Me., 127. 
 
 Au Sable River, N. Y., 100. 
 
 Austin, Iowa, 238, 261, 262. 
 
 Austin, Nev., 269. 
 
 Australia (to;, 273. 
 
 15 . 
 
 Ballston Spa, N. Y., 91. 
 Baltimore, Md., 1G4. 198, 201— 
 Fort McHenry, 165 — Monu- 
 ments, 165 — Streets, . 165— 
 Public Buildings, 166— Churches 
 106— Lit. Inst., 166— Theatres, 
 167— Hotels, 167— Cemeteries, 
 
 167— Excursions, 168 — Longer 
 Excursions, 168, 169, 170. 
 Bangor, Me., 127. 
 
 Barry town, N. Y., 68. 
 
 Batavia, N. Y., 77. 
 
 Bathurst, N. B., 260. 
 
 Battle Creek, Mich., 235. 
 
 Battle Mountain, Nev., 272. 
 
 Bay City, Mich., 240. 
 
 BeaupoVt, Can., 253. 
 
 Beaverton, Can., 242. 
 
 Becancour, Can., 128. 
 
 Bedford Springs, Pa., 199. 
 
 Bel- Air, Md , 168. 
 
 Belle Air, O., 202. 
 
 Belleville, Can., 243. 
 
 Bellows Falls, Vt., 140. 
 
 Belmont, Mo., 220. 
 
 Belmont, Nev., 269. 
 
11 
 
 INDEX. 
 
 Beloit, Wis., 238. 
 
 Berkeley Sprinjjs, Va., lS9a. 
 Bergen Tunnel, N. J., 83. 
 
 Berlin, Can., 232, 242. 
 
 Bethlehem, N. H., 134. 
 
 Bethlehem, Pa., 208. 
 
 1 Beverley, N. J., 150. 
 
 Biddeiord. Me., 125. 
 
 Big Oak Flat Koute, Cal., 2767?. 
 
 Big Trees of Calaveras, CaI.,27Ga. 
 276 / 1 . 
 
 Big Trees of Mariposa, Cal., 276i. 
 Big Tunnel, Va , 195. 
 
 Biugliarnton, N. Y., 76, 87« 
 
 Bird’s Point, Mo., 221. 
 Birmingham, Pa., 200. 
 
 Bismarck, Mo., 221. 
 
 Bitter Creek, Wyo„ 271. 
 
 Black River, Can., 128. 
 Bladensburg, Md., 171. 
 
 Blairsville, Pa., 200. 
 
 Bloody Pond, N. Y., 95. 
 Bloomington, 111., 224 , 261, 262, 
 263. 
 
 P.Ioomsbury, N. J., 207. 
 
 Boca, Cal., 273. 
 
 Boise City, Idaho, 268, 269. 
 Bonsack’s, Va., 195. 
 
 Boone, Iowa, 262. 
 
 Boonton, N. J., 228. 
 
 Bordentown, K. J., 148, ISO, 
 160. 
 
 Boston, 107, 110, 115, 251— 
 Streets, 117— Public Grouudp, 
 117 — Antiquities, 117 — Pui'lic 
 Pmildings, 118— Monuments, 119 
 —Churches, 119— Libraries and 
 Lit. Inst., 119— Theatres, 120— 
 Hotels, 120— Excursions, 120— 
 Harvard University, ] 20— Wash- 
 ington Head Quarters, 121— 
 Mount Auburn Cemetery, 121— 
 Longer Excursions, 121, 122. 
 Bothwell, Can., 232. 
 
 Bound Brook, N. J., 206. 
 
 Bowling Green, Ky., 219. 
 Bowmanville, Can , 242. 
 
 Bradford, Mass., 124. 
 
 Branch Intersection. Pa., 198. 
 Branchville, S. C., 191. 
 
 Brandywine Greek, Pa., 162. 
 Brattleboro, Vt , 140. 
 
 Breckenridge, Minn., 239. 
 Bridgeport. Ct., 103. 
 
 Bridgeton, N. J.. 150, 159. 
 
 Brighton, Cal., 274. 
 
 Brighton, Mass., 107. 
 
 Bristol, Pa., 148. 
 
 Bristol, Tenn., 195. 
 
 Brockport, N. Y., 77 
 Brockvilie, Can., 24b. 
 
 Brooklyn connection with New 
 York)— Streets, 47 — Churches, 
 50— Public Buildings, 51— Hotels 
 63— Theatres, 54— Churches for 
 Service, 54 — Public Grounds. 55, 
 67— Prospect Park, 57— Green- 
 wood Cemetery, 57— Excursions 
 57, 68— Navy Yard, 58. 
 
 Brown's, Can., 246. 
 
 Brown University, 109, 
 
 Bryan, Wyo.,271. 
 
 Buckingham, Can., 246. 
 
 Bucyrus, O., 210. 
 
 Budd’s Lake, N. J., 60, 228. 
 Buffalo, N. Y., 89, 232, 234, 
 240. 
 
 Buford, Wyo , 270. 
 
 Bull Bun (Battle-field', Va., 183. 
 Bulstrode, Can., 128, 251. 
 
 Bureau, 111., 263. 
 
 Burhevilie (Junction), Va., 195. 
 Burliugton, Jowa, 215, 238, 239, 
 261,263,204. 
 
 BurlingU)n, N. J.. 150, 160. 
 Burlington, Vt., 100, lOl, 140. 
 Bush River Bridge, Md., 164 
 
 €. 
 
 Cacouna, Can., 255. 
 
 Cairo, 111., 194, 205, 216, 22 0 . 
 Caldwell, N. Y., 95. 
 
 Caledonia, N, Y., 77. 
 
 Caledonia Springs, Can., 246. 
 California Junction, Iowa, 264, 205. 
 Cadicoon, N. Y., 86. 
 
 Calistoga (Springs), Cal., 2767. 
 Camden, N. J., 148, 1 60, 159. 
 Camel’s Hump Mountain, Vt., 100. 
 Canandaigu.i, N. Y., 77. 
 
 Canton, ()., 210. 
 
 Cape Cod, Mass., 122. 
 
 Cape Elizabeth, Me., 125. 
 
 Cape Ma7, N. J., 150. IGO* 
 
 Cape Rouge, Can., 253. 
 
 Cape Vincent, N. Y., 243. 
 
 Carbon, Wvo., 266. 
 
 Caroondale, Pa., 270. 
 
 Carillon, C.tn., 246. 
 
 Carleton Place, Can., 243, 245. 
 Carlin, Nev., 272. 
 
 Carlisle, Pa , 198. 
 
 Carson, Nev., 269. 
 
INDEX. 
 
 ill 
 
 Carter, Utah, 271. 
 
 Cascade Bridge, N. Y., 87. 
 
 Casey, Iowa, 264. 
 
 Castie Hock, Utah, 271. 
 
 Casiletoa, N. Y., 70. 
 
 Castleton, Vt., loi. 
 
 Catawissa, Pa., 209. 
 
 Catskill Landing, >!. Y., CS. 
 Catskill Moumaiii House, G9. 
 
 Cave City, Ky., 218. 
 
 Cayuga, N. Y., 77. 
 
 Cedar Rapids, Iowa, 215, 238, 261 , 
 263. 
 
 Central City, Col., 266. 
 
 Centre Harbor, N. H., 102, 130, 
 138. 
 
 Chambersburg, Pa., 183, 198. 
 Champapjn, III., 224. 
 
 Charles City, Iowa, 238. 
 
 Charles; on. Mo., 22l. 
 
 Charleston, S. C., 18S, 189. 
 ChariesLuwii, Va., 1896, 
 
 Charlotte Town, P. E. I., 259. 
 Charlottesville, Va., 183, 195. 
 Chatham, Can., 232. 
 
 Chattano :>^a, Tenn., 191, 196* 
 Chaudiere, Junction, can., 128, 
 254, 255, 256. 
 
 Chaudiere Palls, Can., 244, 253. 
 Chelsea, Mass., 122. 
 
 Chenoa, 111., 224. 
 
 Cherry Valley, N. Y., 74. 
 
 Chester, N. J., 228. 
 
 Chester, Pa., 162. 
 
 Chester, Va., 186. 
 
 Cheyenne. Wyo.,270, 274. 
 Chicago, 111., 201, 205, 2 1 2 , 220, 
 223, 225, 227, 234, 236, 238, 239. 
 Chicamauga, Tenn., 190. 
 
 China (to, 273. 
 
 Chinese Camp, Cal., 274. 
 Cincinnati. O., 201, 202, 204, 
 205, 210, 216, 221, 223, 227. 
 Claremont, Vt., 140. 
 
 Clear field. Pa., 199. 
 
 Cleveland, O., 201, 202, 203, 205, 
 210, 216, 2 2 6, 240. 
 
 Clinton, Iowa, 261. 
 
 Clyde, N. Y., 77. 
 
 Clyde, ()’., 227. 
 
 Coal Regions of Pennsylvania, 
 207, 2C8,.229. 
 
 Coatesville. Pa., 197. 
 
 Coburg, Can., 242. 
 
 Cohoes Fails, N. Y., 71. 
 
 Colborne, Can., 243. 
 
 Cold Spring, N. Y., 66. 
 
 Colfax, Cal., 27.3. 
 
 Collins’ Bay, Can., 243. 
 
 Colmar, Iowa, 238. 
 
 Coloma, Cal., 270. 
 
 Coliimnia, Ind., 211. 
 
 Columbia, Pa., 198. 
 
 Columbia, S. C., 188, 191. 
 Columbia Springs (route to), 70. 
 Columbus, Ky., 220. 
 
 Columbus, 0., 202, 210, 227. 
 Columbu'a, Neb., 269. 
 Communipaw, N. J., 206. 
 
 Como, Can., 247. 
 
 Coney Island, N. Y., 58. 
 
 Concord, Mass., 123. 136. 
 Concord, N. H., 124, 125, 1 37. 
 Conemaugh Station. Pa., 199. 
 Contra Costa, Cal.. 273. 
 
 Conway, N. H., 102, 129, 131, 
 138. 
 
 Conway Valley, N. H., 130. 
 Cooperctown, N. Y., 74. 
 
 Corinne, Ulah, 272. 
 
 Corning, N. Y., 77, 88b. 
 
 Cornwall Landing, N. Y., 66. 
 Corry, Pa., 89, 198, 226, 230. 
 Coshocton, 0., 202, 227. 
 
 Council Bluffs, Iowa, ^62, 264. 
 Covington, Ky., 204, 217. 
 Coxsackie, N. Y.. 70. 
 
 Coultersville Route, Cal., 276^. 
 Crawlord House. N. H., 133. 
 
 C esson. Pa., 199. 
 
 Cresiliue, O., 210. 
 
 Creston, Wyo., 271. 
 
 Cri^fleld. Md., 163. 
 
 Croton River, N. Y., 63. 
 
 Culpepper, Va., 183. 
 
 Cumberland, Md., 170, 201. 
 
 Danvers, No., Mass., 124. 
 
 Danville, Can., 128. 
 
 Danville Junction, Me., 127. 
 Darien, Ct., 103. 
 
 Davenport, Iowa, 239, 263. 
 Dayton, O.. 204, 210, 211, 227. 
 Delaware Water Cap, GO. 160, 
 207, 229. 
 
 Dennison, 0., 202. 
 
 Denver, Col., 274, 276m. 
 Deposit, N. YL, 86. 
 
 Des Moines, Iowa, 215, 262, 264. 
 Detroit, Mich., 210, 211, 216, 227, 
 O Q Q 940 
 
 Devil’s Gate', Utah, 271. 
 
IV 
 
 INDEX. 
 
 Dexter, Iowa, 2o4. 
 
 Dixon, 111., 261. 
 
 Dobbs Ferry, N. Y., 63. 
 
 Dorsey, Md., 171. 
 
 Doucet’s Landing, Can., 128. 
 Dover, Del., 163. 
 
 Dover, N. J., 228. 
 
 Dover, N. IL, 125, 129, 137. 
 Downieville Cal., 270. 
 DowningtoQ, Pa., 197. 
 
 Drakesville, N. J., 228. 
 
 Dresden Junction, 0., 202. 
 Dubuque, Iowa, 239, 261. 
 
 Duluth, Minn., 238, 240. 
 
 Dundas, Can., 232a 
 Dunkirk, N. Y., 89, 226. 
 
 Dunleith, Iowa, 261. 
 
 Dunville, Can., 232. 
 
 Durham, N. H., 125. 
 
 Easton, Pa., 160, 207, 229. 
 
 East Penn. Junction, Pa., 208. 
 Elatontown, N. ,)., 59. 
 
 Ebensburg, Pa., 199. 
 
 Echo Canon (and CityX Utah, 271. 
 Echo Lake, N. H., 141. 
 
 Ertiugham, Ind., 2056, 225. 
 
 Elgin, 111., from Chicago, 212 to 216. 
 Elizabeth City, Va., 169. 
 Elizabeth, N. J., 59, 145^ 197, 
 206. 
 
 Elizabethport, N. J., 149, 206. 
 
 Elk Grove, Cal., 274. 
 
 Elkharr, Ina., 227. 
 
 Elkhorn, Neb., 268 
 Eikhorn, Wis., 237. 
 
 Elko, Nev., 272 
 Elkton, Md., 163. 
 
 Ellicott’s Mills, Mtl., 170. 
 
 Ellis, Cal., 271. 
 
 Elmira, N. Y., 88, 198. 
 
 Eminence, Ky., 217. 
 
 Emporium, Pa., 230. 
 
 Englewood, 111., 262. 
 
 Erie Canal, 74. 
 
 Erie, Pa., 198, 201, 22 6, 230, 240. 
 Essex Junction, Vt., 101. 
 Evauston, Utah, 271. 
 
 Evansville, Ind., 219. 
 
 Exeter, N. H., 125. 
 
 F. 
 
 Fairfax Court-House, Ya., 183. 
 Fall River, Mass., 113, 114. 
 
 Falls of the Ammonoosuc, N. H., 
 134. 
 
 Falls of the Chaudiere, Can., 244. 
 
 253. ^ 
 
 Falls of Cohoes, N. Y., 71 . 
 
 Falls of t le Genesee, N. Y., 77- 
 Falls, Glen Ellis, N. II. , 131 . 
 
 Fails, Glenn’s, N. Y., 95. 
 
 F.alls, Kauterskiil, N. Y., 69. 
 
 Falls of Minnehaha, Minn., 239. 
 Falls of Niagara, 77, 78, 242. 
 Fails, Passaic, 59, 84. 
 
 Falls of the Potomac, I). C., 182. 
 Falls, Ptideau, Can., 244, 245. 
 
 Falls of the bawkiil, N. Y., 86. 
 Falls of St. Anne, Can., 247. 
 
 Falls of St. Anthony, Mum., 239. 
 Falls of Trenton, N. Y., 75. 
 
 Falls of the Yo Semite, Cal., 275. 
 Farmington, N. U., 129. 
 
 Fishkili Landing, N. Y., 66. 
 Fitchburg, Mass., 140. 
 Flemington. N. J., 207^ 
 
 Florence, S. C., 189. 
 
 Florida Resorts, I96r?, 1966 
 Flume, The (and House), N. H., 
 142. 
 
 Fonda, N. Y., 74. 
 
 Forest, 0., 210. 
 
 Fort Bridger, Utah, 267. 
 
 Fort Dodge, Iowa. 262, 264 
 Fort Hamilton, N. Y., 58. 
 
 Fort Howard, Wis., 261. 
 FortMassasauga, Can., 257. 
 
 Fort Niagara, N. Y., 257. 
 
 Fort Plain, N. Y., 74, 
 
 Fort Saunders, Wyo., 270. 
 
 Fort Schuyler, N. Y., 111. 
 
 Fort Sedgwick, Neb., 265. 
 
 Fort Snelling, Minn., 239. 
 
 Fort Washington, Va., 185. 
 
 Fort Wayne, Ind-, 201, 211, 224, 
 227, 235, 262, 
 
 Fortress Monroe, Va., 169. 
 
 Four Lakes, Wis.. 2.S8. 
 
 Foxboro, Mass., 110. 
 Framingham, Mass., 107. 
 Franconia Notcli, N. II. , 134. 
 Frankford, Pa., 148. 
 
 Franklinton, Md., 168. 
 
 Frederick, Md., 170. 
 Fredericsburg, Va., 185! 
 Fredericton, N. 13., 259. 
 
 Freehold, N. J.. 149. 
 
 Freeport, 111., 237, 261, 263. 
 Freeport, Pa., 200. 
 
 Fremont, 0., 227. 
 
INDEX, 
 
 V 
 
 Fremont, Neb., 268. 
 Frenchman’s Bay, Can., 242. 
 
 O. 
 
 Galena, 111., 239. 
 
 Galt, Cal.,2T6A:. 
 
 Galveston, Texas, 192, 194. 
 Gananoque, Can., 243. 
 
 Garrison’s Landing, N. Y., 64. 
 Gatineau River, Can,, 245. 
 Genesee Falls, N. Y., 77. 
 
 Geneva, N. Y., 77. 
 
 Genoa, 111., 237. 
 
 Georgetown, Cal., 270. 
 Georgetown, D. c., 1S2. 
 Georgetown, Mass., 124. 
 Germantown, Fa., 150. 
 
 Geysers, The, Cal., 27UA% 27 6Z. 
 Girard, Pa., 226. 
 
 Glen Allen, Mo., 221. 
 
 Glencoe, Can., 232. 
 
 Glen Cove, L. L, 61. 
 
 Gfen Ellis Fails, N. II., 131. 
 
 Glen House, N. H., 131. 
 
 Glenn's Falls, N. Y., 95. 
 Goderich, Can., 232. 240. 
 
 Golden City, Cal., 266. 
 
 Gold Hill, Nev., 269. 
 
 Goshen, Va., 189(^, 180e. 
 Qordonsville, Va., 183, 186, 189^. 
 Gorham, N. H., 102, 137,251. 
 Gosport Navy Yard, Ya., 169. 
 Grafton, Mass., 107. 
 
 Grand Haven, Mich., 227, 235. 
 Grand Island, Neb., 269. 
 
 Grand Junction, Iowa, 262. 
 Grand Rapids, Mich., 235. 
 Granger, Utah, 267. 
 
 Granite Canon, Wyo., 270. 
 
 Grass Valley, Cal., 270. 
 
 Great American Desert, 268. 
 Great Bend, N. Y., 87, 229. 
 
 Great Falls, N. II., 125. 
 
 Great Nevada Sandy Desert, 269. 
 Great Salt Lake, Utah, 268. 
 Green Bay, Wis , 215, 261. 
 Greenbush, N. Y., 70. 
 
 Greenfield, Mass., 140. 
 Greenport, L. I., 61. 
 
 Green River, Wyo., 271. 
 Greensboro, N. C., 188. 
 Greensburg, Pa., 200. 
 
 Greenwich, East, R. I., 109. 
 Greenwood Lake, N. Y., 85. 
 Grenville. Can.^ 246. 
 
 Grey court, N. Y., 85. 
 
 Grimsby, Can., 231. 
 
 Grinnell, Iowa, 263. 
 
 Groton, Ct., 108. 
 
 Groton Junction, Mass., 136, 140. 
 Grout’s Corners, Mass., 140. 
 Guelph, Can., 232, 242. 
 Gunpowder Skiver Bridge. Md., 
 164 
 
 Hackettstown. N. J., 60, 228. 
 
 Ha Ha Bay, Can., 266. 
 
 Halifax, N. s., 250, 359. 
 Hamilton, Can., 331, 241. 
 Hamilton, O., 210. 
 
 Hampton Junction, K. J., 207, 22a. 
 Hampton, N. H., 125. 
 
 Hampton and Roads), Va , 169. 
 Hancock, N. Y., 88. 
 
 Hannibal, Mo., 239. 
 
 Hanover, Md., 171. 
 
 Hanover, Va., 163. 
 
 Harper’s Ferry, W. Ya., 170, 171, 
 183, 189, 201. 
 
 Hartford, 4;t., 105. 
 Harrisonburg, Va., ISOjff. 
 Harrisburg, Pa., 16U, 163, 198> 
 209. 
 
 Harvard University, 120. 
 Haverhill., Mass., 124. 
 
 Havana, Cuba, 194. 
 
 Havre de Grace, Md., 162, 1G3* 
 Hawkesbnry, Can., 246. 
 
 Hazard, Wyo., 270. 
 
 Hazleton, Pa., 209. 
 
 Helena, Nev., 268. 
 
 Henderson, Ky., 219. 
 
 Herkimer, N. V., 74. 
 
 Hermitage, the, Tenn., 219. 
 Hickford Junction, Va., 189. 
 Highlands of Navesink, 59. 
 Highlands of the Hudson, 63. 
 Hightstown, N. J., 150. 
 
 Hillsdale, Mich., 227. 
 
 Hillsdale, Wyo., 270. 
 
 Hoboken, N. J., 68. 
 
 Homewood, Pa., 210. 
 
 Honesdale, Pa., 229. 
 
 Hoosic Tunnel, Mass., 136, 
 Horicon, Wis., 237. 
 
 Hornellsville, N. Y,, 89. 
 
 Hudson, Can., 247. 
 
 Hudson, N. Y., 70. 
 
 Hyannis, Mass., 122. 
 
 Hyde Park, N. Y., 67. 
 
INDEX. 
 
 ri 
 
 I. 
 
 Indiana, Pa., 200. 
 
 India (to), 273. 
 
 INDIANOPOLIS, Ind., 205a. 218, 
 223. 
 
 lone City. Cal., 274. 
 
 Jowa City, Iowa, 263. 
 
 Island Pond, 127, 251, 2.53, 255. 
 
 Isle of Slioals, N. H., 125. 
 
 Iron Mountain, Mo., 221. 
 
 Ironton, Mo , 221. 
 
 Irvineton, Pa., 230. 
 
 Ithaca, N. Y., 88. 
 
 J. 
 
 Jackson, Cal , 274. 
 dackson, Mich., 235. 
 
 Jackson, Miss., 194. 
 
 Jacksonville, 111., 224. ' 
 
 Jamaica, L. I., 61. 
 
 Jamesburg, N. J., 149. 
 
 Jamestown (ruins), Va., 160. 
 Janesville, Wis., 215, 237. 
 
 Japan (to), 273. 
 
 Jefferson City, Mo., 223. 
 Jeffersonville, Ind , 21,8 
 Jersey City, N. J., 144, 197. 
 Jolinsonville, Tenn., 220. 
 Johnstown, Pa., 199. 
 
 Joliet, 111., 224, 2G2^ 
 
 Jonesville, Midi., 227. 
 
 Julesburg, Iseb., 269. 
 
 Kalamazoo, Mich., 227, 234, 2 35. 
 Kauterskill Falls, 69. 
 
 Kearney (and Fort; Neb., 209. 
 Keene, N. H., 140. 
 
 Keeseville, N. Y., 108. 
 
 Kelton, Utah, 272. 
 
 Kenosha, Wis., 237. 
 
 Kennebunk, Me., 125. 
 
 Kensington, Pa., 148. 
 
 Keokuk, Iowa, 239, 261, 262, 264. 
 Kinderhook, N. Y., 70. 
 
 Kingston, Can., 24 3 ^ 257. 
 Kingston, N. Y., 67. 
 
 Kingsville, S. C., 191. 
 
 Kitiery, Maine, 125. 
 
 Knoxville, Tenn., 188, 195, 219. 
 Komoka, Can., 232. 
 
 li. 
 
 Lachine, Can., 247. 
 
 Lachine Rapids^ Can., 250. 
 
 Lackawaxen, N. Y., 80. 
 
 L I Crosse, Wis., 239. 
 
 Lafayette., Ind., 211. 
 
 Lafayette College, 208. 
 
 Lagrange, Ky., 217. 
 
 Lake Champlain, 99. 
 
 Lake Uonner, Cal., 27^. 
 
 Lake George, 95. 
 
 Lake Hopaicong. 60, 228. 
 
 Lake Maliopac, 60. 
 
 Lake Memphremagog, Can., 121 
 138, 140. 
 
 Lake Pepin, Minn., 239. 
 
 Lake Ponchartrain, La., 194. 
 
 Lake Simcoe, Can., 242. 
 
 Lake St. Charles, Can., 253, 254. 
 Lake St. Clair, 233. 
 
 Lake St. Louis, Can., 247. 
 
 Lake St. Peter, Can., 12S. 
 
 ]..ake Superior, 215, 240. 
 
 Lake Superior Copper Regions, 
 240. 
 
 Lake Superior Iron Regions, 240. 
 Lake Tahoe, Cal., 276/. 
 
 Lake Winnepesankie, 125, 129- 
 Lake of the Two Mountains, Can., 
 247. 
 
 Lambertville, N. J., 207. 
 
 Lamokin Junction, Pa., 1G2. 
 Lancaster, Pa., 160, 197, 
 
 L’Ance a PEau, Can., 255. 
 Lanesborough, N. Y., 87. 
 
 Lansing, Mich., 235. 
 Lansingburgh, N. Y., 71. 
 
 Laporte, Ind., 227. 
 
 La Prairie, Can., 100. 
 
 Laramie, Wyo., 270. 
 
 La Salle, III., 263. 
 
 Lathrop, (!al., 273, 27Ga. 
 
 Laurel, Md., 171. 
 
 Lawrence, Mass., 122, 124, 13€ 
 Lawrenceville, Pa , 200. 
 
 Lawton, Mich., 236. 
 
 Lazaretto, The, Pa., 162. 
 
 Lebanon, Pa., 198, S.OO* 
 
 Lebanon Springs, N. Y., 70. 
 Leesburg, Va., 183. 
 
 Leetonia, O., 210. 
 
 Lennoxville, Can., 136. 
 
 Le Roy. N. Y., 77. 
 
 Lewes, Del., 163. 
 
 Lewiston, N. Y., 242, 257. 
 Lewiston, Pa., 199. 
 
 Lexington, Ky., 217. 
 
 Lexington, Va., 181/. 
 
 Lima, O., 211, 227. 
 
 IuN£!OLN, Neb., 262. 
 
INDEX. 
 
 Yii 
 
 L»rslet, Can., 251. 
 
 Little Falls, N. Y., 74. 
 
 Little Rock, Ark., 2:i0. 
 
 Littleton, N. 11., 102, 139 , 140. 
 Lock Haven, Pa., 199, 230 , 
 Lockport, N. Y., 77. 
 
 Logansport, liid., 211, 224, 227. 
 London, Can., 222. 
 
 London, O., 203. 
 
 Loner Braneli, N. J., &9, 149, 150, 
 161. 
 
 LongSanlt Rapids, Can., 240. 
 Lookout Mountain, 196. 
 
 Lorette, Can., 253. 
 
 L’Original, Can., 246. 
 
 Louisville, Ky., 211, 217, 221. 
 Loveland, o., 204. 
 
 Lowell, Mass., 121 , 124, 136. 
 Lundy’s Lane, Can., 81. 
 
 Lyme, Cr., 108. 
 
 Lyme, E. A S., Ct., 108. 
 
 Lynn, Mas3.,^121, 122 
 Lynchbiirgli, Va , 189^, 195*. 
 
 Lyons, N. Y., 77. 
 
 m. 
 
 Macon, Ga., 191. 
 
 Madison, l4. J., 228. 
 
 Madison, Wis., 215, 237, 261. 
 Major’s, Gan , 246. 
 
 Malden, N, Y., 68. 
 
 Malden (So.) Mass., 122. 
 
 Mallory Town, Can., 243. 
 Mammotli Cave of Kentucky, 218. 
 Manassas Jum^tion, Va., 183, 195. 
 Manchester, N. 11., 124, 137. 
 Mankato. Minn , 238. 
 
 Mansfield, Mass., ilO. 
 
 Mansfield, 0 , 210. 
 
 Mantua Junction, Pa., 197. 
 Mannnkacliunk, N. J,, 228, 229. 
 Marietta, (>., 204. 
 
 Mariposa Route, Cal., 2767{’. 
 Marshall, Iowa, 262. 
 
 Marshall, Mich., 235. 
 
 Martinsbnrg, Va.. 189«f. 
 
 Martha’s Vineyard, Mass., 123, 
 Marquette, Lake .‘Superior, 240. 
 Marysville, Cal., 270, 273. 
 
 Mason City, Iowa, 262, 283. 
 Massillon, O., 210. 
 
 RlastHope, N. Y., 86. 
 
 McGregor, Iowa, 238. 
 
 M<iKenzie, Tenri , 220. 
 
 McPherson (and Fort), Keb., 269. 
 Medford, Mass., la-i. 
 
 Medina, N. Y., 77. 
 
 Memphis Junction, Ky.. 219. 
 IRcmphis, Tenn., 194, 196, 219, 220. 
 Mendota, III., 263. 
 
 Meiidota Junction, Minn., 238. 
 Meredith Village, N. H., 101, 133. 
 Meriden, Ct , I05-. 
 
 Meridian, Miss., 196. 
 
 Merrimac River and Valley, 133. 
 Michigan City. Mich., 236. 
 Middlehury, Vt., 101. 
 
 Middletown, N. Y., 85. [104, 108. 
 Midflhdowu, (and Portland), CL, 
 Milford, Va., 186. 
 
 Millville, N. J., 150. 
 
 Milton, Pa., 229. 
 
 Mil I boro, Va . 189(?. 
 
 Milroy, Pa., 199. 
 
 Milwaukic, Wis., 215, 237, 239, 
 261. 
 
 Mineral Point, Mo,, 221. 
 
 Mingo .function, O., 202. 
 Minneapolis, Minn., 238. 
 Minnehaha, ]\Iin.. 238. 
 
 Mississ'ppi, Mouths of, 194. 
 Missouri Valley Junction, Iowa, 
 262. 
 
 Mobile, Ala-., 19^3, 196. 
 
 Modesta, Cal., 275. 
 
 Mohawk Valley, N. Y., 73. 
 Mokclnmne Hill, Cal., 2T6/1;. 
 MonmoiUh Junction, N. J.. 149. 
 Monocacy (and Vaiiey), Md., 170. 
 Monroeville, O., 227. 
 
 Monson, Mass., 139. 
 
 Monterey, Cal, 273. 
 
 MONTGoilEKT, Ala., 191, 19S, 
 220 . 
 
 Moiiticello, Va., 183. 
 
 Montmorcncl Falls of. Can., 253. 
 lilontpelier, Vt., 140. 
 
 Montreal. Can., 138, 242, 243, 
 244, 245, 247, 253. 255, 257. 
 Moosehead l^ake, 127. 
 
 Moreau Station, N. V., 95. 
 Morrison, III, 261. 
 
 Morristown, N. J., 60, 228o 
 Morrow, O., 204. 
 
 Moscow, Iowa, 263. 
 
 Mound City, III, 220. 
 
 Mount Holly, N. J., 160, 
 
 Jilount Hope, R. I., 113, 114. 
 
 Mt. Joy, Pa., 108 
 
 Mt. Lafayette, N. II., 141, 143. 
 
 Mt. Mansfield, Vt., 100. 
 
 Mountain of Rigaud, The, Cau., 
 246. 
 
xili 
 
 INDEX, 
 
 Mount Vernon, Va., 184 9 185. 
 
 Mount Washington, N. H., 131, 
 132. 
 
 Mount Webster, N. II., 133. 
 
 Mount Willard, N. II., 133. 
 
 Murray Bay, Can., 254. 
 
 Muscatine, Iowa, 263. 
 
 Mystic, Ct., 109. 
 
 N. 
 
 Kaliant, Mass, 121. 
 
 Napanee, Can., 243. 
 
 Narrowsburg, N. Y., 86 . 
 
 Nashville, Tenn., 191, 219 . 
 
 Nashua, Mass., 122, 124. 
 
 Natick, Mass., 107. 
 
 Natural Bridge, Va., 18^, 195, 
 
 Nauvoo, 111., 239. 
 
 Nebraska City, Neb., 262. 
 
 Nevada, Cal , 270. 
 
 New Alraaden Mines, Cal., 273. 
 
 Newark, N. J., 59, 1 44, 197, 228. 
 
 Newark, O., 202 . 
 
 New Baltimore, N. Y., 70. 
 
 New Bedlord, Mass., 122. 
 
 New Brighton, 8 . 1., 69. 
 
 New Brunswick, N. J., 146, 
 197. 
 
 New Buffalo, Mich., 236. 
 
 Newburgh, N. Y., 67. 
 
 Newburyport, Mass., 124. 
 
 Newcastle (and Junction), Del., 
 163. 
 
 Newcastle, Pa., 210 . 
 
 New Durham, N. H., 129. 
 
 New Haven, Ct., 104, 107. 
 
 New Li.sbon, 0 , 210. 
 
 New London, Ct., 108, 114, 136, 
 139. 
 
 Newmarket Junction, N. n., 125. 
 
 Newmarket, N. II., 125. 
 
 New Orleans, La., 192j 196. 
 223, 239. 
 
 Newport, Ky ., 204. 
 
 Newport, R. I., 111. 
 
 Newport, Vt., 138, 140. 
 
 Newton, N J., 228. 
 
 New Yofk City, 4*2— Harbor, 43 
 — Stt eets. 47 — Museums, 48— 
 Libraries, 48— Public Galleries, 
 48— Educational Institutions, 49 
 — Monuments, 60 — Antiquities, 
 .50— Churches, 61— Public Build- 
 ings,52— Commercial Biiilding.s, 
 63— Private Dwellings, 54— Hotel 
 Buildings (Hoteis),54— Theatres, 
 
 65— Churches for Service, 66 -— 
 Public Grounds, 57 — Ferries, 57 
 -Street-Car Routes. 68 — Cen- 
 tral Park, 60— Prospect Park, 
 61 — Greenwood, 61a — Exclu- 
 sions, 616 to 61/. 
 
 Niagara Falls, 77, 78 , 242. 
 Niagara (Village), N. Y.. 257. 
 Niles, Cal., 273. 
 
 Niles, Mich., 236. 
 
 Norfolk, Va., 163 168. 
 
 Norristown, Pa., 160. 
 
 North Adams, Mass., 140. 
 
 North Bend, Neb., 268. 
 
 North Platte, Neb., 269. 
 
 Norwalk, Ct., 103. 
 
 Norwich, Ct., 114, 136, 139. 
 
 O. 
 
 Oak Hill, N. Y.. 68 . 
 
 Oakland, Cal, 273, 276a. 
 
 Oakville, Can., 241. 
 
 Oberlin, O., 227. 
 
 Ogallala, Neb, 269. 
 
 Ogden, Utah, 272, 275. 
 Ogdensburgh, N. Y., 76, 244, 245 
 258 
 
 Oil’city, Pa., 201 , 230. 
 
 Oil Regions, Pa., 89, 201, 226, 236. 
 Old Mau of the Mountain, N. H., 
 141. 
 
 Old Point Comfort, Va , 169. 
 Oleopolis, Pa., 230. 
 
 Omaha, Neb., 216, 223, 262, 2 6 5^ 
 273. 
 
 Ontonagon, Lake Superior, 240. 
 Orange Court House, Va., 183. 
 Orange, N. J., 228. 
 
 Oregon City, Oregon, 273. 
 
 Orient, L. I., 61. 
 
 Orleans, Island of, Can., 254. 
 Oroville, Cal., 273. 
 
 Orville, O., 210 . 
 
 Osino, Nev., 272. 
 
 Oswego. N. Y., 76. 
 
 Otsego Lake, N. Y., 74, 
 
 Ottawa, Can., 243, 24 4, 250, 25«. 
 Ottumwa, Iowa, 262. 264. 
 
 Overlook Mountain House, 67. 
 Owatona, Minn., 233. 
 
 Owego, N. Y., 88 . 
 
 P. 
 
 Paducah (aud Junction), Ky., 220 
 PainesYille, Pa. 226. 
 
INDEX. 
 
 ix 
 
 Palatine Bridge, N. Y., 74. 
 
 palisade, Nev., 272. 
 
 Palisades, the Hudson, 63. 
 
 Palmer, Mass., 106, 139. 
 
 Palmyra, N. Y., 77. 
 
 Panama, Cent, Amer., 273. 
 
 Paradise, Idaho, 269. 
 
 Paris, Can., 232. 
 
 Parma, Mich., 235. 
 
 Passaic Falls. 59, 84. 
 
 Paterson, N. J., 58, 83. 
 
 “awtucket, R. 1., 110. 
 
 Peaks ot Otter, Va., 195. 
 
 Pekin, 111., 224. 
 
 Pemberton, N. J.. 150. 
 
 Pensacola, Fla., 192. 
 
 Peoria, 111., 211, 224, 2G3. 
 
 Pequop. Nev,,272. 
 
 Percy, AVyo., 270. 
 
 Perth Aniboy, N. J., 149. 
 
 Peterboro, Can., 243. 
 
 Petersburg, Ya..' 189. 
 
 Petrolia, Can., 232. 
 
 pHTLAOELPHi.i, Pa., 1 5 l-Strects, 
 152— Public Buildings, 153— An- 
 tiquities, 154— Public Ground'^, 
 155— Fairmount. 165 — centen- 
 nial Grounds, 156 — Ch relies, 
 159 — Librar ies. 160 — Theatres, 
 etc., 160— Hotels, 16i— Route-' to 
 Places of Interest, 161— Excur- 
 sions, 161(Z— Navy Yard, I61*i— 
 Arsenals, 161 g? — Laurel Hill 
 Cemetery, 16ic^— ThelVissahick- 
 on, 161e— Germantown, 16i<?— 
 Valley Forge, <%c., 161/— Longer 
 Excursions, \Q\q. 
 
 Philipsburg. N. J., 207. 
 
 ■pictou, N. S., 260. 
 
 Pictured Rocks, Lake Superior, 
 240. 
 
 Piermont, N. Y., 63. 
 
 Pike’s Peak, Col., 266. 
 
 Pilot Knob., Mo., 221. 
 
 Pine Bluffs, Neb., 270. 
 
 Pinkham Notch, N. H., 131. 
 
 Piihole (and Creek) Pa., 230. 
 
 Pittsburg, Pa., 170, 200, 202, 
 226, 262. 
 
 Pittsfield, Mass., 139. 
 
 Pi’tston, Pa., 208, 229. 
 
 Placerville, Cal., 270. 
 
 Plainfield, Ct .115. 
 
 Plainfield. N. J., 206. 
 
 Plattsburg, N. Y., 99. 
 
 Plum Creek, Neb., 269, 
 
 Plymouth, Ind., 211. 
 
 Plymouth, Mass., 122. 
 
 Plymouth, N. II.. 138. 
 
 Plymouth, Wis., 238. 
 
 Pointe-aux- Anglais, Can., 247, 
 Point Levi, Can., 128, 251, 254. 
 Point of Rocks, McL, 170, 189. 
 Point St. Charles, Can., 249, 250. 
 Pollard, Ala., 192. 
 
 Pond Creek, 111., 263. 
 
 Portage City. Wis , 237. 
 
 Portage. N. Y., 89. 
 
 Port Deposit, Md., 162. 
 
 Port Hope, Can., 242. 
 
 Port Huron, Mich., 234. 
 
 Port Jervis, N. Y., 85. 
 
 Portland, Me., 102, 126. 250, 
 251, 253, 255. 
 
 Portland, Oregon, 268, 273. 
 
 Port Sarnia, Can . 232. 
 Portsmouth, N. II., 125, 137. 
 Portsmouth, Va., (Naval Depot), 
 169. 
 
 Port Stanley, Can.. 232. 
 
 Potomac Falls, U. C., 183. 
 
 Potosi, Mo., 221. 
 
 Poughkeepsie, N. Y., 67. 
 
 Prairie du Chien, Wis., 215, 238 , 
 239. 
 
 Prescott, Can., 243, 245, 258. 
 Princeton, N. .7., 147. 
 
 Profile House, N. U., 134, 139, 140, 
 141. 
 
 Promontory Point, Utah, 272. 
 Providence, R. L, 109, 115. 
 Put-in-Bay Islands, (Lake Erie), 
 234. 
 
 Putnam, Ct., 115. 
 
 Q. 
 
 Quebec, Can., 128, 138, 250, J851, 
 255, 256. 
 
 Queenstoii, Can., 81, 257. 
 
 Quincy, 111 , 224, 263 
 
 R. 
 
 Racine, Wis., 237. 
 
 Rahway, N. J., 140, 197. 
 Raleigh, N. C., 189. 
 
 Ramapo Gap and Valley, N. J., 
 85. 
 
 Ramsey, Minn., 238. 
 
 Reading, Mass.. 124. 
 
 Reading, Pa., 197, 198, 208, 209, 
 229. 
 
 Readville, Mass., 110. 
 
X 
 
 INDEX. 
 
 Eed Bank, K. J., 59. 
 
 Ked Wing^ Minn., 239. 
 
 IJeno, Xev., 273. 
 
 Keiiova, Pa., 230. 
 
 Rliinebeck, Y., 67. 
 
 Bice Lake, Can., 2J3. 
 
 Bichmond, Can., 128, 251, 253, 255. 
 
 Bichmond, O., 204. 
 
 Bichmond, Ya., 169, 183, 186 , 
 205. ’ 
 
 Bidean Falls, Can., 244, 245. 
 
 Bidgeway Junction. IS". C., 180. 
 
 Biviere du Loup, Can., 128, 251, 
 253, 254, 256. 
 
 Bochester, N. H., 125, 129. 
 
 Bochester, Y., 77. 
 
 Bochester, Pa., 202, 210. 
 
 Bockaway, J. , 228. 
 
 Bockbridge Springs and Baths, 
 Ya., 189e, 189/. 
 
 Bock Island, 111 ,225, 239,261,263. 
 
 Bockland Lake. 63. 
 
 Borne, N. Y., 76. 
 
 Bondout, N. Y., 67. 
 
 Bouse’s Point, Yt., 100 , 140, 
 244, 250. 
 
 Boutes : 
 
 No. 1. — Northern. New York to 
 YTest Point, Catskill, Albany, 
 Troy, IJtica, Trenton Falls, Ro- 
 chester and Niagara Falls— 62 
 to 82. 
 
 No. 2.— Northern. New York to 
 Paterson, Upper Delaware, Up- 
 per Susqueh^inna, Binghamton, 
 Elmira, Buffalo and Niagara 
 Falls (Erie Railway)— 83 to 90. 
 
 No. 3 — Northern. New York to 
 Albany, Saratoga, Lake George, 
 Adirondack Mountains, Lake 
 Champlain, Yermont cities, and 
 Montreal — 91 to 103. 
 
 No. 4.— Eastern. New York to 
 New Haven, Hartford, Spring- 
 field, Providence, ^ Newport, 
 New London, Stonington and 
 Boston (options) — 103 to 123. 
 
 No. 5 — ‘Eastern. Boston to Ports- 
 mouth, Portland, White Moun- 
 tains, Quebec, or Montreal— 124 
 to 128. 
 
 No. 6 —Northern and Eastern. 
 Boston to Lake Winnepesaukie, 
 White Mountains, Portland and 
 Canadian cities — 129 to 135. 
 
 7. — Northern and Eastern. 
 New York to New London, 
 Norwich, Worcester, New 
 Hampshire cities, Lake Win- 
 
 nepesaukie and theWhiteMoun- 
 tains— 136 to 143. 
 
 No. 8. — Near Western New York 
 to New Jersey cities and Phila- 
 delphia— 144 to 161. 
 
 No. 9. — Western and Southern. 
 Philadelphia to Wilm’n (Del.), 
 Balt., Wash’n and llichm’d — 162 
 to 188. 
 
 No. 9>^. — Special Yirginian. Balt, 
 or Wash’n to Yirginia Springs, 
 Mountains, &c., to Lynchburg 
 and Richm’d— 189 to 1*89^. 
 
 No. 9^. — Western and South- 
 Western. Wash’n or Balt, to 
 Cumberland, Graft’n andVYheel- 
 ing and Chicago and St. Louis. 
 
 No. 10. — South-Western, Richm d 
 to Raleigh, Wilm’n (N. C.), 
 Charleston, Atlanta, Wontg, 
 Mobile and N. O — 189i to 194. 
 
 No. 11.— South-Western. Rich- 
 
 mond to Lynchburg, Knoxville, 
 Chattanooga, Mobile and Rew 
 Orleans— 195 to 196. 
 
 No. 11 ^ 2 . — Southern. Bichmrnd 
 to Charleston or Savannah, and 
 to Jacksonville, St. Augustino 
 and Florida Resorts — 196a, 1966. 
 
 No. 12. — Western. New York or 
 Philadelphia to Harrisburg, 
 Pittsburg. Wheeling, Columbus, 
 Cincinnati, St. Louis or Chica- 
 go, (Penn. R.R.) 197 to 205. 
 
 No ,13.— Western. New York to 
 Plainfield, Somerville, Easton, 
 Allentown, Harrisburg, Pitts- 
 burg, Fort Wayne and Chicago, 
 (Allentown Route) — 206 to 216. 
 
 No, 14. — Western. Cincinnati to 
 Louisville, Mammoth Cave of 
 Ky., Nashville, CaTo, St. Louis, 
 and Chicago— 217 to 225. 
 
 No. 15. — Noithern and Western. 
 Buffalo to Erie, Cleveland, To- 
 ledo and other Ohio cities, Cin- 
 cinnati or Chicago — 226 to 227. 
 
 No. 16. — Northern. New York or 
 Phila. to Dover, Morristown, 
 Del. Water-Gap, Coal, Lumber 
 and Oil Regions, &c., — 228 to 230. 
 
 No. 17.— Canadian and Western. 
 Niagara Falls to St. Catherine’s, 
 Hamilton, Paris, Loudon, Cana- 
 da, Oil Regions, Detroit, Ann 
 Arbor, Kalamazoo and Chica- 
 go— 231 to 236. 
 
 No. 18.— North-Western, Chicago 
 to Racine, Milwaukee, Madison, 
 
INDEX, 
 
 'll 
 
 I^TAlrie du Cliien, St. Paul, and 
 Falls ol Minncliaha and St. An- 
 thony, (with optional return by 
 the Mississippi or Lake Supe- 
 rior)— 237 to 240. 
 
 No. 19.— Canadian. Niajrara Falls 
 to St. Catherine’s, Hamilton, 
 Toronto, Kiii'rston, Prescott, 
 Ottawa, Montreal, Quebec and 
 the Saguenay Fiver— 241 to 206. 
 
 No. 20.— Canadian. Niagara Falls 
 to Toronto, Kingston, Thousand 
 Islands. Kapids of the St. Law- 
 rence, Montreal and Quebec, by 
 steamers : and to Halifax, St. 
 John, Fredericton, Windsor, 
 Sidney, Shedlac, Charlotte- 
 Town, Pictou and Bathurst.-— 
 257 to 2(;o. 
 
 No. 21.— Far Western. Chicago to 
 Connell Bluffs, Omaha, Chey- 
 enne, Ogden Sail Lake City, Sa- 
 cramento, San Francisco, the 
 Big Trees, Yosemite Valley, &c. 
 —261 to 276;. 
 
 Rupert, Pa.. 229. 
 
 Rutland, Vt.. 101, 140. 
 
 Rye Beach, N. 11., 125. 
 
 S. 
 
 Sacramento, Cal., 273, 276a. 
 
 S^aginaw, Mich., 234. 
 
 Saguenay River, Can., 255. 
 
 Salamanca, Pa., 89, 226, 230. 
 
 Salem, Mass., 122. 
 
 Salem, O., 210. 
 
 Salisbury, Md., 163. 
 
 Salmon Falls, N. H., 125. 
 
 Salmon-Trout Lake, Can., 243. 
 
 Salt Lake city, Utah, 216, 223, 
 275, 2'7Gd. 
 
 San Antonio, Cal , 273. 
 
 Sandusky, O., 202, 205, 210, 227. 
 
 Sandwich Islands, 273. 
 
 Sandy Hook, 59. 
 
 San Francisco, Cab, 273, 27 Ca. 
 —Streets, 2766.— Public Build- 
 ings, 2766.— Churches, 2766.— 
 Theatres, 2766.— Hotels, 2766. — 
 Kxcuisions, 276c — Lone Moun- 
 tain cenieiery, 276c —Cliff House 
 276c.— Mission Dolores, 276c.— 
 Presidio and Fort Point, 276c.— 
 Longer Excursions, 276c. 
 
 San Jose, Cal., 273, 276a. 
 
 San Luis, Cal., 2T3. 
 
 San Quentin, Cal., 273. 
 
 Santa Barbara, (>al., 273, 
 
 Santa I'e, New Mex., 266. 
 
 Saranac Lakes, N. Y.. loo. 
 Saratoga Springs, 91, 92, 140. 
 Saucclito. Cal., 273. 
 
 Sault St. Marie. 240. 
 
 Savage, Md.. 171. 
 
 Savannah, Ga., 190. 
 
 Saybrook (and J auction), Ct., 103. 
 Schenectady, N. Y., 74. 
 
 Schooley’s Mountain.N.J., 60,228. 
 Schroon Lake, N. Y., 96 
 Schuyler, Neb., 269, 
 
 Scranton. Pa., 207, 208, 229. 
 Seconnet (Point), R. I., 112 . 
 Sexton's Junction, Va , 186. 
 Sharon Springs (route to). 74. 
 Shasta (and Butte), Cal., 273. 
 Shawangunk Mt., N. Y., 85. 
 Shediac, N. B., 259. 
 
 Shelbyville, Ky., 217. 
 
 Sherbrooke. Can., 127. 
 
 Sherman, Wyo., 270. 
 
 Shohoia, N. Y., 86. 
 
 Sidney, C. B., 259. 
 
 Sidney, Neb., 270. 
 
 Silver City, Idaho, 269. 
 
 Sing Sing, N. Y., 63. 
 
 Sioux City, Iowa, 262, 264. 
 Skowhegan, Me., 127. 
 
 Sloatsburg, N. Y., 85. 
 
 South Amboy, N. J ., 149. 
 
 South Bend, Ind., 227, 235. 
 
 South Berwick Junction, Me., 125. 
 South Pass, Wyo., 267. 
 
 South Reading (Junction), Mass., 
 124. 
 
 South Trenton, N. Y., 75. 
 
 South Vernon, Vt., 140. 
 Somerville, Mass., 122. 
 
 Somerville, N. J., 207. 
 
 Sonora. Cal.. 274. 
 
 Sparta. Ky., 217. 
 
 Spotswood, N. J., 149. 
 Springfield, 111., 224, 227, 261, 
 263. 
 
 Springfield, Mass., 106. 
 Springfield, 0., from Xenia, 203. 
 Staflbrd, Ct., 139. 
 
 St. Albans, Vt., 101, 244. 
 Stamford, Ct., 103. 
 
 Stanhope, N. J., 228. 
 
 St. Anne’s, Can., 247, 264. 
 Staunton, Va.. lS9d. 
 
 Stanstead, Can., 127. 
 
xii 
 
 INDEX. 
 
 St. Anthony (and Falls of), Minn., 
 215, 239 . 
 
 StaiTUca Viaduct, N. Y., 87. 
 Staten Island, 69. 
 
 Staunton, Va., 186, 195. 
 
 St. Catharine's, Can., 231 , 241. 
 St. Clair River and Lake, 240. 
 
 St. Cloud. Minn., 239. 
 Steubenville, 0., 202 , 210. 
 Stevenson, Ala , 219. 
 
 St. Grej^oire, Can.. 251. 
 
 St. Hyacinthe, St. Brune, St. 
 Hilaire, St. Lambert, Can., 128, 
 250. 
 
 St. John, Can.. 100. 
 
 St. John, N. B., 259. 
 
 St. Joseph, Mo., 223, 262, 264. 
 
 St. Lawrence Rapids, 258. 
 
 St. Lawrence River, 258. 
 
 ST. Louis, Mo., 194, 201, 205, 216, 
 220, 22 1 , 227, 239, 261, 263. 
 
 St. Mary's, Can., 232. 
 
 St. Mary’s. Wyo . 270. 
 
 Stbckton, Cal , 273, 2 76«, 276/^. 
 Stoniiigton, Ct.. 109 , 116. 
 
 Stony Point, N. Y., 63. 
 
 St. Paul Junction, Minn, 238. 
 
 ST. Paul, Minn., 215, 238, 262. 
 St. Peter, Minn., 238, 239. 
 Strasburg, Va., 183. 189 j. 
 Stroudsburg, Pa., 229. 
 
 St. Thomas, Can., 254. 
 
 Sturgis, Mich., 227. 
 
 Stuyvesant, N. V., 70. 
 
 Sufferu’s, N. J , 84. 
 
 Summit Station, Cal., 273. 
 Summit, Va., 183. 
 
 Sunbury, Pa., 199. 
 
 Susquehanna. N. Y., 87. 
 Swampscott. Mass., 122. 
 Sweetwater Mining Region, Wyo., 
 267. 
 
 Syracuse, N. Y., 76. 
 
 Tideoute, Pa., 230. 
 
 Titusville, Pa., 230. 
 
 Tiverton, R, I.. 114. 
 
 Toano, Nev., 272. 
 
 Toledo, O., 203, 205, 210, 211, 219. 
 
 227 , 235, 240. 
 
 Toiiand, Ct., 139. 
 
 Topeka, Kas , 223, 264, 276n. 
 Toronto Can., 232, 241, 24J 
 250, 257. 
 
 Townsend, Md., 163. 
 
 Tow'sontown, Md., 168. 
 
 Trenton, Can., 243. 
 
 Trenton Falls. 75. 
 
 Trenton, N. J., 147 , 150, 197. 
 Troy, N. Y., 71. 
 
 Truckee. Cal., 273, 276. 
 
 Tuscaloosa, Ala., 196. 
 
 Tyrone, Pa., 199. 
 
 U. 
 
 Uintah, Utah, 271. 
 
 Union City, Tenn., 220. 
 
 Union College (Schenectady, 
 
 Y), 74. 
 
 Unionville, N. H., 129. 
 University of Virginia, 183. 
 Urbana. 0., from Xenia, 203. 
 Utica, N. Y., 74. 
 
 K. 
 
 V. 
 
 Valparaiso, 111., 211.' 
 
 Vandalia, Ind., 2056, 225. 
 Venango., Pa, 201. 
 
 Victoria Bridge, Can., 249, 250. 
 Vincennes, Ind., 205, 220. 
 Vineland, N. J„ 160. 
 
 Virginia City, Nev., 269. 
 Virginia, Nev. 268. 
 
 Visalia, Cal., 273. 
 
 Vallejo, CaL, 276a, 276fc. 
 
 T. 
 
 Tadoussac, Can., 255. 
 Tallahassee, Fla. 190. 
 
 Tarry! own, N. Y., 63. 
 
 Terre llautp, Ind., 205a. 
 
 Thorold Can., 231, 241 
 Thousand Islands (and Lake), St 
 Lawrence River, 258. 
 
 Three Rivers, Can., 128, 251. 
 Throg’s Neck. N. Y., 111. 
 
 Thurso, Can., 240. 
 
 Ticonderoga, N. Y., 98. 
 
 W* 
 
 Wadsworth, Nev., 273. 
 
 Walla Walla, Oregon, 268. 
 Wallingford, Ct., 105. 
 
 Walton, Ky., 217. 
 
 Wanatah, Ind., 211. 
 
 Warrenton (and Junction), Ta., 
 183. 
 
 Warsaw, Ind.. 211, 224. 
 
 Wasatch, Utah, 271. 
 
 Washington, D. 0., 1 72 9201-Lo* 
 cation, 172, 173-The CapltoH^. 
 
INDEX, 
 
 xiii 
 
 174— President’s House, 178, 
 —Patent Office, 178 — Depart- 
 ments, 178, 179— Smithsonian 
 Institute, 180— Public Grounds, 
 
 180— Cliurclies, 181 — Theatres, 
 
 181— Hotels, 181— Excursions, 
 181— Soldiers’ Home. 181— Navy 
 Yard. 181— Congressional Cem- 
 etery. 181— Longer Excursions, 
 181, 182. 
 
 Washington Junction, D. C., 171. 
 Washington, Iowa, 263. 
 Washington (Junction). N. J., 228. 
 Washington, N. J. 149. 
 
 Washoe, Nev., 269. 
 
 Waterford. Ct., 108. 
 
 Waterloo. Iowa, 261. 
 
 Waterloo, Ind., 211. 
 
 Waterloo, N. J., 228. 
 
 Watertown, N. Y., 76, 243. 
 Watkins Glen, N. Y., 88a. 
 Waukegan, 111., 237. 
 
 Waverley, Tenn., 220. 
 Waynesburg, Pa., 197. 
 
 Weber Canon, (and Station and 
 River), Utah, 271. 
 
 Webster, Mass., 115. 
 
 Weir’s Landing. N. H., 137. 
 Weldon, N. C.. 188. 
 
 Wells (and Humboldt W.) Nev., 
 272 
 
 Wells, Me., 125. 
 
 Wells River, Vt., 101, 138, 140. 
 Wenona, Mich., 234. 
 
 Westerley, 11. 1., 109. 
 
 West Island. R. I., 112. 
 
 West Liberty, Iowa, 263. 
 
 West Newton, Mass., 107. 
 
 West Point. N. Y., 61, 62, 65., 
 West Scarboro, Me., 125. 
 
 Weyer’s Cave, Va.. 189<?, 189g?. 
 Wethersfield, Ct., 105. 
 
 Wheeling, W. Va., 201, 210, 227. 
 Whitehall, N. Y., 101 , 140. 
 
 White House, Va., 188. 
 
 White Mountain House, N. H., 
 134. 
 
 White Mountains, 125, 127, 130 to 
 133, 137, 141 to 143. 
 
 White Oak Bottom, Md., 171. 
 White Pigeon, Mich., 227. 
 
 White Pine, Nev., 268. 
 
 White River Junction, Vt., 102, 
 138. 140. 
 
 White Sulphur Springs, Va., 184, 
 186, 18 9«, 195. 
 
 Wickford, R. I., 109. 
 
 Wilcox, Pa., 230. 
 
 Wilkesbarre, Pa., 229. 
 
 Willey House, N. U.,133. 
 William-and-Mary College, Va., 
 from Richmoud, 186. 
 
 William’s Bridge, N. Y., 103. 
 Williamsburg, Va., from Rich- 
 mond, 186. 
 
 Williamsport, Pa., 198, 229. 
 Willimantic, Ct,. 139. 
 
 W’^ilmington, Del., ICS^ 197. 
 Wilmington Junction, Mass., 124. 
 Wilmington, N. C., 188, 189. 
 Wilton, Iowa, 263. 
 
 Winchester, Va., 183, lS9d, 
 Windsor (and Locks), Ct., 105. 
 Windsor, Can., 233. 
 
 Windsor, N. S., 259. 
 
 Windsor, Vt., 140. 
 
 Winnemucca, Nev., 272. 
 
 Wollboro, N. H., 129, 138. 
 Worcester, Mass., 106*. 115, 
 136. 
 
 Wyandotte, Kas , 264. 
 
 Wyoming, Nev., 269. 
 
 X. 
 
 Xenia, 0., 203. 
 
 Y* 
 
 Yale College, 104. 
 
 Yarmouth Junction, N. H., 102, 
 127. 
 
 Yarmouth, Mass., 122. 
 
 Yonkers, N. Y., 63. 
 
 York, Pa., 198. 
 
 Yorktown, Va., from Richmond, 
 186. 
 
 Yo Semite Valley, Cal., 276<x, 276i 
 Ypsilauti, Mich., 234. 
 
 Z* 
 
 ZanesviUe, O., 202, 210, 227. 
 
The Sho[t-I[ip Guide to Ameiica, 
 
 eOST AND TIME OF SHORT AMERICAN TRIPS. 
 
 Several important questions are involved, with 
 Europeans, and especially with Englishmen, in the 
 calculations preceding a trip to America: so that 
 Whether to go ? precedes the corresponding queries, 
 How to go f and Where to go f The distance is 
 known to be great, between the Old and New 
 Worlds, though it is really only about one-eighth of 
 that around the globe. 
 
 With many men Time is the great object, and 
 the want of it the great hindrance ; though they 
 may annually spend quite as much of it as would 
 be necessary for a Summer tour across the Atlantic, 
 in lingering about home watering-places and sea- 
 shore resorts, re-visiting the often-seen Lake Coun- 
 try, the Welsh, Irish and Scottish Mountains, etc., 
 or repeating old experiences on the Rhine, among 
 the Swiss Alps or the Pyrenees. This, too, at a time 
 when the great Continent of the W^est has been made 
 so much more broadly accessible, and so much more 
 closely linked to that of Europe, by the Pacific Rail- 
 road, the Atlantic Cable, and other enterprises — 
 when the late great civil war in the United States 
 
a 
 
 SHORT-TRIP GUIDE 
 
 has necessarily left many fields worth visiting and 
 relics worth gathering — and when steam-transit 
 between the two Continents has become so rapid 
 and reliable that the ocean-passage is little more 
 than that of a ferry. This false idea of Time is, as 
 already said, the bugbear which hinders many of 
 those who have comparatively -liberal means and a 
 fair proportion of leisure; but with a far greater 
 number of those who love Nature in her varying 
 moods and wide differences, and who desire to see 
 the different peoples of the world, at liome^ — Money 
 is the anxiety, the want of it the hindrance, and the 
 belief that a mint is necessary for anything in the 
 shape of transatlantic travel, the great bugbear which 
 confines them to one continent. 
 
 A large proportion of this is a mistake, originally 
 induced by want of intelligent inquiry, and material- 
 ly added to by the exaggerations, not to call them 
 falsehoods, of some of those who have been over the 
 desired routes. While going to America’^ was 
 principally confined to the wealthy few or those 
 driven by business demands, it was at once an easy 
 and a tempting thing to do, to add to the supposed 
 importance of what had' been done, by overstating 
 the cost as v/ell as enlarging on the personal adven- 
 ^ture and peril ; and, truth to say, the habit has not yet 
 quite died out, now, when the many follow in the track 
 of the few and detection is so much easier. Many a 
 man, of quite the average integrity, but who supplies 
 (as he believes) the center at home of an admiring 
 
COST AND TIME OF TRIPS. 
 
 9 
 
 circle, not many members of wbicli are likely to fol- 
 low him abroad — cannot resist the temptation to 
 show, when he returns, that he has been doing, in 
 the way of cost, what they had better not attempt if 
 they do not wish to fail miserably ; and it is just 
 possible that there have been members of the oppo- 
 site sex, guilty of adding to the misunderstanding 
 by corresponding exaggerations of their own eleva- 
 tion above the untraveled, and, consequently, the 
 easily-deceived. 
 
 Travelers tel '' travelers’ stories,” in a pecuniary 
 as well as an adventurous point of view: that is the 
 truth, briefly stated; and those stories frighten away 
 many who would else enlarge their knowledge of 
 life by seeing other continents than their own. 
 
 Now it is the fact that the European can spend 
 much money in America, within a very brief period 
 and without going over any wonderful space, if he 
 will; just as in travels on the Continent, years ago, 
 the average Englishman spent twice as much, under 
 the same circumstances, as any man of any other 
 nation, creating in different minds the impression 
 of his being a prince ” and a fool ” — until the 
 American became flrst his rival and then his ad- 
 mitted superior, in the detail of lavish and tasteless 
 expenditure, and the Englishman who made any 
 pretensions to common sense, taking a lesson from 
 the example, comparatively abandoned the field of 
 extravagance. The lavish and the reckless may still 
 pave their very way with gold, if they will — as evi- 
 
10 
 
 BEOEl^TBIF GUIDE. 
 
 denced by the fact that a certain well-known Eng- 
 lishman, spending less than three months in the 
 United States, drew upon his London bankers 
 during his absence, for nearly i£3,000 : the expend- 
 iture all the more notable, because the tourist, a 
 markedly free liver and entertainer, made no pur^ 
 chases of consequence for preservation, did not play, 
 and never indulged in what are called the costly 
 vices.’^ Others have followed, in different approxi- 
 mations, ranging between i£300 and i£800 the month 
 of absence; though it is to the credit of the national 
 wisdom, to say that these instances of what must be 
 considered wasteful expenditure for any one not in 
 possession of a princely patrimony or a great bank- 
 ing-house, are somewhat rare. 
 
 So much for what may be spent in very brief 
 tours, by those who can afford plenty of money, or 
 think that they can do so : now for what may be 
 saved, or rather for the question upon how little 
 these brief tours may really be made, without dis- 
 comfort or painful compromise of position. 
 
 Even in the steerage, on some of the best-appoint- 
 ed lines, passages may be made with much less dis- 
 comfort than most stay-at-home people suppose; and 
 it is not at all certain that thousands of hardy per- 
 sons, limited in means, who spend the requisite 
 amounts of time and money on very questionable 
 home-amusements, approaching to vices, might not 
 do well to tempt a little rugged life in the forward 
 parts of the ships that carry over their wealthy 
 
COST AND TIME OF TRIPS, 
 
 11 
 
 brothers in the saloon-cabins. For on the best* 
 lines the discomforts, inconveniences and unhealth- 
 iness of steerage-passage, have all been materially 
 ameliorated within the past three or four years : the 
 sleeping accommodations on many of them are en- 
 durable if no more ; the food is almost always plen- 
 tiful and generally excellent; the amount of amuse- 
 ment enjoyed is always greater than that attainable 
 by the better-lodged people at the stern ; and the 
 safety to person is necessarily the same except under 
 circumstances of gross carelessness. 
 
 Let us see, for the benefit of those very limited 
 in means and still desirous to see a little fragment 
 of the New World — what would be the absolute cost 
 of doing what emigrants of both sexes and all coun- 
 tries very often do for the sake of spending a few 
 days with friends in the places of nativity. Say that 
 six weeks’ time is attainable, and let the cost of that 
 six weeks be measured as carefully and yet as liber- 
 ally as possible. 
 
 Steerage passage to New York, £6 10s. — return, 
 £6 10s.; total, £13. Time not on board ship, about 
 three weeks; board, for that time, average of £1 15s. 
 per week, £5 5s. Expenses of sight-seeing about 
 New York, Boston and Philadelphia, with convey- 
 ance to each, during that period, £5. Occasional 
 necessary conveyance, the feet being principally 
 trusted to, £3. Incidental expenses, liberally cal- 
 culated, £4. Total, £32. £10 to £12 more would 
 
 enable the cheap tourist to visit Niagara Falls, 
 
13 
 
 SHORT-TBIP GUIDE. 
 
 greatest of American natural curiosities, and see at 
 least one or two cities of the Queen’s dominions in 
 Canada. Grand total, with that included, £42 to 
 £45; with a certainty that any economical person, 
 in good health and temper, could come within the 
 smaller sum named, and even reduce it, without 
 other inconvenience than carefully adhering to the 
 cheaper rates of conveyance corresponding to that of 
 the ocean transit. 
 
 How many comparatively-poor men are there with 
 longing and hopeless desires after seeing other coun- 
 tries than their own, who never make any calcula- 
 tion or effort to such an end, and yet who could and 
 would compass it if they fairly understood the com- 
 parative trifle for which so much might be enjoyed! 
 
 One of the greatest of American travelers, Mr. 
 Bayard Taylor, made his first European excursion 
 under ch'cumstances quite as illiberal as anything 
 here indicated — “did ” Great Britain and a very con- 
 siderable portion of the Continent on foot, except 
 with rare instances of riding, and remained abroad 
 something like two years, his whole expenditure 
 being only about |500 (say £105), and the fortunate 
 result of his travel that successful volume “ Views- 
 a-foot; or, Europe seen with Knapsack and Staff.” 
 And it is very doubtful whether in any portion of 
 his later experience, in all descriptions of ti’aveling 
 “stati ,” up to that of Secretary of Legation at St. 
 Petersburg, he has ever enjoyed his wanderings bet- 
 ter than when making that first essay as a poor 
 
COST AND TIME OF TRIPS. 13 
 
 boy. As a pleasant pendant to which, the writer 
 recalls having met, not many months ago, in the 
 streets of New York, an English workman from 
 Sheffield, spending a little of his moderate surplus- 
 earnings in seeing what he called a tidy bit of the 
 New World,” and one of the most intelligent of 
 travelers on many subjects of interest and enquiry 
 —whose expenditure, as given by himself, would 
 not reach within ten per cent, of the figures above 
 given, while he was healthy, happy and entirely 
 comfortable in what his saving expenditure allowed 
 him to secure and enjoy. 
 
 But the figures already given represent, of course, 
 the, minimum possibility of travel in any desirable 
 part of America, compatible with even the decencies 
 ef life, without too many of its comforts; and, it is, 
 equally of course, with that class of people standing 
 midway between the possible steerage-passenger and 
 'Aie traveler en prince, that we have next and princi- 
 pally to do. The most important question of this 
 paper is — Vihat need he the expenses and the time 
 consumed for a certain round, of a traveler going 
 first-class and demanding all the comforts, and yet 
 ndisposed to waste money on costly luxuries? 
 
 To answer that question, then, as intelligibly as 
 ^nay be consistent with brevity. 
 
 For six to seven weeks’ absence from home, visit- 
 ng New York, Boston, Philadelphia, Baltimore, 
 Washington, one or two of the most noted water- 
 ng-places, Niagara Falls, and one or two of the cities 
 >f Canada — only 
 
14 
 
 SHOBT-TBIP GUIDE. 
 
 Ticket to New York and return, £36 to £60 — say | 
 an average of £48, for which all necessary comfort j 
 and quite sufficient “style” can be secured. Average 
 board of the three weeks off-ship, £3 to £4 per week 
 
 say £10 10s. Traveling expenses, railway and 
 
 carriage fares, etc., £30. Maps, pictures, curio- 
 sities, etc., (not at all necessary, but inevitable), 
 £10. Incidental expenses, for which no name can 
 be given ; money to guides, beggars, stewards and 
 servants; money lost and wasted, with an occasional 
 indulgence in a luxury, not including costly wines 
 or “ society,” gambling or other vices— £15. Total, 
 £113 10s. £12 to £15 or possibly £18, may easily 
 
 be saved from this, by a very careful person, leaving 
 the expenditure about £100; and a person at all the 
 reverse of careful may quite as easily <idd a corres- 
 ponding sum, making the expenditure, with no 
 greater amount of travel or sight-seeing, £125 to 
 £130. 
 
 For ten weeks’ absence, an estimate of £50 addi- 
 tional may safely be made, bringing the total outlay 
 up to say £160 10s; and this will secure, in addition 
 to the round already named, an extension of the 
 tour through the "White and Green Mountains of 
 the north-east, with Saratoga, Lake George, and 
 Lake Winnepisaukie; or it wilt add the great Coal 
 Eegions of Pennsylvania, Cincinnati, and other 
 cit'^s of Ohio, with Chicago, and glimpses of the 
 Mississippi and the Great Lakes. 
 
 For three nionths’ (thirteen or fourteen weeks) 
 
COST AND TIME OF TBIP8. 
 
 15 
 
 absence, another £50 may* be added, bringing the* 
 amount up to say ^200 or £ 210 \ and with this all 
 the foregoing may be done, with the addition of the 
 ^‘North-West,” now found in the States bordering 
 the Upper Missouri, with the Lake Superior region, 
 and a much more extended visit to the cities of 
 Canada, and the natural curiosities of the Domin- 
 ion; or, it will enable the tourist (if the season 
 should be a proper one for Southern travel) to go 
 southward from Washington to Kichmon^ Charles- 
 ton, Savannah and New Orleans, with their inter- 
 mediate towns and a general view of what is 
 technically known in the United States as “the 
 South.” 
 
 Four months will add to this £50 to ^GO of^j ex- 
 penditure, bringing up the outlay to £200 or i£280, 
 and permitting the pursuance of some of the routes 
 named, more at leisure, as well as the addition of 
 others of the watering-places, if the visit is paid in 
 the proper season. And within the same time may 
 even be managed a run over the Pacific Kailroad, to 
 Salt Lake City, San Francisco, and the great natural 
 curiosities of California, with a view of the Pacific 
 — though five months would be a more rational cal- 
 culation for the whole time of absence. With the 
 California route added, the expenditure will be 
 found materially increased from all the previous cal- 
 culations — say £100 additional for that alone; the 
 amount necessary for the four-to-five-months trip, 
 with Pacific excursion crowning it, being some- 
 where within the range from £360 to £380 or .£400, 
 
IG 
 
 SEOBT-TBIP GUIDE. 
 
 and half of the continent travelled over in that time 
 and at that cost. 
 
 At this point the phrase ^‘short-trip” may be 
 said to be exhausted; for only people of liberal 
 means and abundant leisure are likely to go far 
 beyond in any one visit, and to them these calcula- 
 tions possess only limited interest; though even 
 they may find a certain advantage in bestowing that 
 slight amount of study on the subject, necessary to 
 secure a proper knowledge of time to be spent and 
 money used to the best purpose. 
 
PREPARATIONS FOR THE TRIP TO AMERICA. 
 
 The following paper, like some of the others to 
 come after it, is especially intended for those who 
 have never before crossed the Atlantic; and, conse- 
 quently, some of the advice tendered in it may seem 
 very primitive to those who have already taken 
 their degree, however low a one, in the academy of 
 traveling experience. The suggestion may prop- 
 erly be added, however, that even some of those 
 who have taken that degree may find them.selves 
 none the worse for reading over these hints, even if 
 they do so to dissent from them. An apology may 
 need to be made, too, for the direct and conversa- 
 tional style adopted in this and some other papers : 
 the aim of the writer is, in this regard, to come as 
 near as possible to the words and manner that 
 would be used in a personal conversation, with one 
 of the parties doing much more than half of the 
 talking. 
 
 It may be proper, too, with reference to this paper 
 and those succeeding, to say that the writer speaks 
 almost entirely from personal experience — and that, 
 where that experience has failed, it has been eked 
 out, not often through the means of books, but 
 from the personal hints and relations of frequent 
 and experienced travelers. For himself, the writer, 
 
18 
 
 8H0BT-TRIP GUIDE. 
 
 in. repeated and extended travel on both continents, 
 has made, first and last, nearly all the mistakes 
 against which in the present instance he attempts 
 to guard others, and felt the necessity for some in- 
 struction like that which he now endeavors to im- 
 part, on almost every point touched upon. So much 
 said, the promise of the paper must be kept, in a 
 brief but comprehensive list of rules connected with 
 the preparation for transatlantic voyages, and es- 
 pecially for those voyages which more or less 
 imitate Columbus. 
 
 1st. Decide whether you can afford time and 
 money to go at all, tahing into consideration the 
 before-urged opportunities for economy. Also, de- 
 cide whether, in going, you leave too much of anx- 
 iety, personal or pecuniary, for fair enjoyment, for 
 there is an old adage about the absentee who drags 
 with each remove a lengthening chain, and there 
 are not charms enough, even in the natuial scenery 
 and odd character-studies of the New World, to 
 make such a trip ‘‘pay,’’ when the heart or the busi- 
 ness-powers must be left at home. So much decided, 
 and in the affirmative, then 
 
 2nd. Having made up your mind, stick to the 
 resolution. Arrange your time of going, and make 
 everything work to accommodate that — not leave 
 that to accommodate itself to everything. Gener- 
 * ally, in this as in everything else in life, too long 
 anticipation is not the healthiest or the most profit- 
 able, and a voyage not canvassed over for five years 
 
PBEPABATIONS. 
 
 19 
 
 in advance is likely to yield more pleasure than one 
 submitted to that length of speculation. xVbove all 
 things never boast that you are going, when you 
 fcave merely thought of going and made no definite 
 decision; as unpleasant consequences may often re- 
 sult, in the event of the projected voyage being 
 abandoned, and the suspicion may sometimes creep 
 into the minds of acquaintances, either that there 
 ,was ‘‘bounce” in the original statement, or that 
 some heart-failure at the last moment has induced 
 the abandonment. 
 
 3d. Having resolved upon time of going and 
 probable duration of trip, and selected the line of 
 steamers by which the outward voyage is to be 
 made, do not permit the paltry folly of wishing to 
 keep a certain number of pounds for a few days 
 longer in pocket, to prevent the early taking of a 
 passage. The best state-rooms of any favorite steam- 
 ship are likely to be first taken up ; and even in the 
 event of any unexpected hindrance occurring, there 
 is rarely any difficulty in disposing of a well-located 
 berth, while most of the companies, at any time be- 
 fore the “eleventh hour,” will transfer the pass:n- 
 ger from one steamer to a later one, if a change of 
 time is all the deviation from the original plan 
 rendered necessary, 
 
 4th, If suddenly-occurring events happen to 
 have changed the calculation in the other direction, 
 and the plan of going is formed almost at the very 
 moment when some favorite steamer is about to 
 
20 
 
 Snom^TBIP GUIDE. 
 
 sail, never heed the stories so likely to be told, that 
 ‘Hhe steamer is full and you cannot get a place!” 
 There is nearly always room for ‘^one passenger 
 more,” as there is in most land conveyan es ; and 
 if the worst comes to the worst, it is a very rare case 
 when some of the officers of the ship cannot be 
 found ready to give up a room for the run, at the 
 inducement of no-very-large addition to the price of 
 the passage-ticket. These are suggestions for ex- 
 treme cases, however : as before said, passage had 
 much better be taken early, whenever possible, for 
 reasons already stated or about to be. 
 
 5th. In selecting berths, when a good opportu- 
 nity for choice remains, always aim to get as near 
 as possible to the midships of the vessel — a consid- 
 eration of not much consequence to old voyagers 
 with strong nerves, but of great importance to 
 landsmen, as every fo jt of distance from the waist 
 increases the amount of motion in a heavy sea; and 
 not only is the danger of sea-sickness less amid- 
 ships, but the chances of having sleep broken by 
 the pitch ” of a head ” or following ” sea are 
 proportion ably decreased when so located. The 
 same principle applies, in a less degree, to the 
 question of outside or inside rooms (those inside or 
 outside of the alleyways). There is much less effect 
 from the '^roll,” in a ^'beam ” sea, for those occupy- 
 ing inner berths ; but there is always much less 
 light for reading or any other purpose, and* the one 
 advantage will probably balance the other, except 
 
PnEPAItAJrONS. 
 
 21 
 
 ill winter passages, when the inner rooms are alto--' 
 gether preferable. 
 
 6th. No giiide-book, until very la'ely, ever con- 
 tained a hint of the advice to be embodied in this 
 paragraph; and yet there is no word of counsel, of 
 the whole, more important. Unless that miserable 
 being, a “man of letters,” and thus compelled to be 
 always reading— there are few intending voyagers, 
 male or female, who will not be the better for a lit- 
 tle “reading up” as to any country about to be 
 visited. A fresh glance at the Atlas, to see how the 
 different sections lie and the relation which they 
 bear to each other, is almost indispensable, even to 
 some of us who flatter ourselves (before we think 
 the second time) that we learned our geography in 
 early life, and have kept pretty well up with it ever 
 since. This rule, as already hinted, applies to travel 
 and to travelers in all countries, but to no other 
 geographical division of the earth’s surface with the 
 same force as to the New World, and especially to 
 that covered by the Great Republic of the West, 
 where change seems the rule, and where the altera- 
 tions of boundaries and names, within the past few 
 years, have been almost as startling as those effected 
 in political status and society. Upon the relative 
 positions of different States, the names of their 
 capitals and chief cities, their rivers and natural 
 wonders, and even their commercial and industrial 
 features, it is exceedingly profitable to be as well as 
 possible freshened in advance; and the same remark 
 
22 
 
 SnOBTTRIP guide. 
 
 obviously applies with equal force to the main facts 
 of history and the more important points in estab- 
 lished or current literature. And to the latter sug- 
 gestion a few words of particulars may be added. 
 Exactly as a man from the New World would find 
 more than half his possible pleasure lacking, visit- 
 ing Great Britain without possessing any compre- 
 hensive knowledge of Shakspeare, Scott, Burns, 
 Thackeray, Moore, Tennyson, etc., or France with 
 ho acquaintance with Rousseau, Voltaire, Lamartine, 
 Beranger, Victor Hugo, Dumas, etc. — so the visitor 
 from the Old World to the New must be lacking in 
 many of the opportunities for observation, social 
 life and popularity, who fails to know something of 
 Cooper, Irving, Hawthorne, Longfellow, Whittier, 
 Bret Harte, Mark Twain, and (especially for New 
 England travel) Holmes, Emerson and Lowell. 
 
 7th. Another “ rubbing up^' is advisable though 
 not absolutely indispensable. Thousands of ques- 
 tions about native land, its physical appearance, 
 wealth, working of government, industrial aspects, 
 etc., are constantly asked of all persons on their 
 travels, supposed to be of the average intelligence, 
 by foreigners whom they chance to meet; and it is 
 decidedly pleasant as well as proper, not to be three 
 or four thousand miles from home, unable to answer 
 the simplest questions with reference to things oc- 
 curring at our own doors. The more we know about 
 our own land, the more intelligent and agreeable 
 travelers we shall make^ and, in this conneclion, 
 
PREPARATIONS. 
 
 23 
 
 8tli. Throw overboard two false impressions, to-' 
 gether, before leaving* Enrope. Overboard with the 
 idea, at once, that the land you are leaving is better 
 than all others in every regard, so that nothing can 
 be learned abroad: and with it g-ive the go-by to 
 the alternative impression that you have nothing 
 w^orth asserting and even boasting about, and that 
 W'hat you are to learn abroad will stand in place of 
 the previous experience and pride of a life. Each 
 of the leading European countries possesses, at this 
 day, many things uneqnaled by the rest of the world 
 and matters of legitimate pride to her citizens; but 
 she is almost equally sure to have errors and defi- 
 ciencies which may well be corrected by observa- 
 tions among other, if not necessarily wdser, people. 
 Every tourist going abroad should carry with h m 
 all practical knowledge of his own laud, and all 
 well-founded pride in it; and, at the same time,’ he 
 should travel with eyes and ears open and power to 
 divest himself of ridiculous national vain-glory pre- 
 judicially shutting away all beyond. 
 
 And now to a few minor particulars belonging to 
 the very eve of starting, and still important enough 
 to deserve place and number: 
 
 fith. Start with a confident expectation of return- 
 ing, and yet leave property-interests disposed of as 
 if no return was likely to be made. There is really 
 Lss danger, in a given number of day-, in going 
 over-sea than in most railway-travel; but absences 
 thus involved are necessarily much longer and de- 
 
n SHORT- TRIP G TUBE, 
 
 IB an cl additioDal foretliought in at least one or two 
 particulai's. No man dies the sooner for making 
 iiis will,” they say; and certainly no man travels 
 less comfortably for leaving affairs at home in such 
 a shape, that, if he does not return, his absence will 
 cause the least possible inconvenience to those left 
 behind. And, in this connection, again, 
 
 10th. There is nothing wiser for the departing 
 ‘^^family-man,” whatever the status of those depend- 
 ent upon him, than an investment in a moderate 
 life-ai^surance, with an additional assurance against 
 accident. Nothing of an ear'hly character (the re- 
 ligious questions will naturally suggest themselves) 
 adds more comfort in a storm at sea, or danger in 
 some distant land, than the reflection that there 
 Tv^ould be, at least, one benefit from the risk ter- 
 rcdnatiog unfavorably : the dear ones at home woidd 
 he pecuniarily the gainers by it, 
 
 llth. Arrange baggage compactly, and not too 
 extensively. For each person (male — the ladies 
 Vjill m.ike rules for themselves, applying what hints 
 m ly chance to suit them) — one stout leather or 
 wood-and-leather trunk of 30 to 3G inches by 16 to 
 20 inches, and one convenient valise for carrying in 
 the hand, are always sufficient, for anything less 
 than carrying over the whole personal effects with 
 a view to resulence. The trunk for deposit in the 
 great cities, in the event of expecting to return 
 along the same line — if not, unavoidably to be car- 
 ried aiong. The vahse for short excursions from 
 
PREPARATIONS, 
 
 liose great centers having this advantage — that it 
 can be carried in the railway-carriage or cab, while 
 the trunk must be looked after, with trouble and 
 expense. Both trunk and valise should be plainly 
 marked with name and residence — initials not al- 
 ways enough for either safety or convenience. If 
 the trunk is small enough, for the sea- voyage, to find 
 place in the state-room, all the better; if not, care 
 must be taken that, before it goes into the hold, all 
 articles are taken out from it that will be needed 
 before landing on the other side. The valise will 
 always find place in the state-room, of course. And 
 this brings 
 
 12th. The important question of Clothing, with 
 reference to which a few general suggestions may 
 be found valuable. The point of view here taken is 
 especially for the male sex, but the female will find 
 it easily varied to their requirements. For crossing 
 the North Atlantic, to return in two or three months, 
 the fir-i requirement is a suit of thick clothes, so old 
 and valueless that one can lounge upon the deck in 
 them, with no fear of damage. (Dandyism is at a 
 discount at sea — a lesson quickly and surely learn- 
 ed.) Clothing thick, because sea air is nearly always 
 damp, and generally cold. Then as thick an over- 
 coat and gloves as can well be procured, the use of 
 which will become patent, either off the Irish coast 
 or among the fogs and possible icebergs of the 
 Banks of Newfoundland. A thick blanket, rug, or 
 heavy robe, to make lounging upon deck the easier 
 
26 
 
 SHORI TEIP GUIDE. 
 
 and warmer. For summer travel in the Northern, 
 Middle and Western States, or Canada, a neat travel- 
 ing-suit of Melton, with one of flannel for proceed- 
 ing further southward, and for very h jit weather in 
 even the States named. A summer-overcoat or 
 wrap of waterproof Melton or aqua-scutum — ^^not so 
 regularly or often needed as in the British Islands, 
 but indispensable. Heavy-wool under-clothing for 
 sea use, with courage enough to double it if neces- 
 sary ; for American hot weather, on land, lighter 
 under-clothing of merino, silk, or zephyr. A dress- 
 suit, if entrance into ^'society” is intended, or if 
 there is plenty of room in the trunks ; as clothing 
 is somewhat high in America, while exceptionally 
 tasteful and well made — though, candidly, in hurried 
 trips of this character, the traveling-suit is seldom 
 shaken off. Figured or colored-wool overshirts, with 
 high throat, collar and wristbands, for time at sea, or 
 for any temporary camping-out ’’ or ‘‘ roughing-it ” 
 among w'oods or mountains. Plenty of linen and 
 white goods, to avoid being at the ncvercy of the 
 washerwoman at times of sudden transit, and be- 
 cause all these, as well as all hosiery and under- 
 clothing, cost more in the United States than in 
 England. Stout-soled, shoes — of calf, best. Low- 
 crowned tourist-bat, of felt (dress-hat to be bought, 
 if necessary); umbrella, of late years almost as in- 
 dispensable on the western side of the Atlantic 
 as the eastern ; a good opera-glass, necessary for 
 catching views rapidly and correctly, both by sea 
 
PREPARATION'S. 
 
 27 
 
 and land, and more convenient if not too large for 
 the pocket and not necessitating the prononce strap. 
 
 13th. Make such arrangements, if possible, that a 
 httle longer absence than that contemplated will not 
 work serious business or other inconvenience, as the 
 best calculator cannot always be quite sure of non- 
 detention through some inflaence or action bej^ond 
 himself. 
 
 14th. Arrange (as before suggested) to take a lit- 
 tle more money abroad than is supposed to be neces- 
 sary for either time or distance; but 
 
 15th. Carry in actual money, (English gold, or 
 Bank of England notes, with a trifle of silver) only 
 so much as will pay expenses on ship-board and last 
 during the few days that may happen to elapse be- 
 fore reaching the point at which the first draft is 
 made payable. All beyond this should be taken 
 either in bills-of-exchange on bankers in one or 
 more of the more important cities to be visited, or 
 in circular letters-of-credit to corresponding houses 
 in those cities. It is scarcely necessary to say that 
 only the very first-class of banking houses, at home, 
 should be dealt with, in procuring exchange or let- 
 ters-of-credit, if the painful possibility of finding 
 oneself abroad without funds, is to be avoided. 
 
 IGth. Take , some letters of introduction, when 
 tendered, and to the right persons; but depend very 
 little upon them, except in some business point of 
 view. The fact is that, without any discourtesy to 
 givers being intended, letters of introduction go for 
 
28 
 
 SHOBT-TEIP GUIDE, 
 
 less ill America and secure less consideration addi- 
 tional to the deportment and standing of the bearer, 
 than in auy other part of the civilized globe: and 
 they should be understood and rated accordingly. 
 Added to whicli may be set down that in no other 
 country is the best society of any given region so ac- 
 cessible, the letter of introduction being thus ren- 
 dered little else than commercial or useless. 
 
 17th. Avoid attempting to carry over, among bag- 
 gage, anything that can be construed as beyond ne- 
 cessary personal use, as the American administration 
 of the customs, of late years, is stringent to oppres- 
 siveness, and a misunderstanding on ihat point may 
 be more easily avoided than removed. (Articles 
 most watched for and guarded against are clothing, 
 [new an i in undue quantity,] silks, linens, laces, 
 watches, jewelry and precious stones). 
 
 18th. Create as little impression as possible, on 
 the verge of departure, of feeling that some event, 
 moving half the world, is taking place in your first 
 leaving your native land. A sea- voyage, now, no fur- 
 ther than America, is about equivalent to atrip from 
 London to Edinburgh or Dundee, fifteen years ago 
 — and not much more than was the transit across 
 the channel to France, at the distance back of thirty 
 or fifty years; and the observing world is generally 
 coming to regard it in that light. 
 
 19th and last. If possible, go on board before the 
 last moment of sailing, and have any heavy luggage 
 on board even earner. Also, if possible, make any 
 
FREFARA TIONS, 
 
 20 
 
 extended tender farewells earlier and elsewhere than 
 on the crowded deck of a steamer, at the last mo- 
 ment, when eyerybody is in the way of everybody 
 else, when the officers naturally wish to throw over- 
 board all the whiners, and when there is a probabil- 
 ity of the grief of departure being added to by the 
 worry of having wife, sister, child or friend tumbled 
 into the river at the landing-stage, or dropped over 
 between tender and steamer as the two separate. 
 
WHAT TO DO AND AVOID ON SHIPBOARD^ 
 
 The advice in this paper, too, will be set down di- 
 dactically, and much of it will be considered as very 
 elementary by those who have once or oftener cross- 
 ed the Atlantic. In the meantime, not even to some 
 of them will the maxims be found unprofitable, if 
 attended to — ^judging by the very large number of 
 habitual travelers who seem to happen upon the 
 very conditions of discomfort and imprudence, as if 
 seeking them. 
 
 1st. Perhaps the first condition of comfort in a 
 sea-voyage, is to avoid making up the mind as to 
 any positive time at which the voyage must be con- 
 cluded. To look across the three thousand miles of 
 the Atlantic, and think over the days necessary to 
 traverse it, even on the swiftest vessel, is rather dis- 
 couraging than the reverse, to people of rapid 
 thought and active habit; but by simply avoiding 
 any definite calculation, and considering the ship 
 and her officers and crew as domg their ‘‘day’s 
 work,” the amount of impatience may be very con- 
 siderably reduced. Creeping ahead a little every 
 day, the whole voyage will soon be accomplished : 
 that is enough to know and enough to feel, no mat- 
 ter what anxieties may be at the end. 
 
 2d. Perhaps the next desideratum is to avoid any 
 
OJV SIllPBOABI). 
 
 31 
 
 considerable anxiety as to the voyage being a pros- 
 perous one, by first remembering that more than an 
 hundred runs are made without a single accident, 
 and more than five hundred without the total loss 
 of a vessel — and then falling back upon that pleas- 
 ant recollection that you have not the affair in 
 charge, any way— that (Providence over all, and al- 
 ways to be remembered, of course,) the officers and 
 crew of the ship have their duty to do and are very 
 likely to do it, for the sake of their own lives and 
 the property committed to their skill. It may be 
 straining a point, perhaps, but there is really some 
 philosophy in getting into the state of mind of 
 the droll fellow who demonstrated to one of the 
 “ anxious,” in a storm at sea, that, having paid their 
 passage, and the company having consequently con- 
 tracted to take them across, the question of the 
 ship’s foundering was really something with which 
 they (the passengers ) had nothing to do ! This may 
 not have much reassured the frightened man, but it 
 certainly silenced him ; and there no doubt was 
 more than a grain of earnest in the old trave er’s 
 philosophy of remembering that he did not deer the 
 ship, as there was undoubtedly comfortable indo- 
 lence in it. 
 
 3d. It is not wise to expect too much on ship- 
 board, either in the way of luxury, or even of positive 
 comfort. Ships, at the largest, are small as com- 
 : pared with hotels, and at the steadiest are shaky,” 
 as compared to private dwellings, except when the 
 
^32 
 
 SBORTTRIP GUTRE. 
 
 lattei' have the rarity of earthquakes to throw them 
 -off the perpendicular. Plenty of gpod food, respect- 
 able though confined sleeping-quarters, and attend- 
 ance fair, but by no means that of a first-class hotel 
 ’ — these are all that ought to be expected; and a very 
 little philosophy makes them enough. It has before 
 been said that “ dandyism is at a discount, at sea ; ” 
 so is, or ought to be, finiclciness. What if neither 
 shaving, nor dressing, nor any of the other offices of 
 civilized life, can be done quite as well as at home ? 
 Nobody notices whether they are scrupulously per- 
 formed, or not ; and some of the neatest of men , 
 when on shore, Vfhen they have become old travel- 
 ers, consent to be slovenly for those few days with- 
 out serious suffering. The golden rule, on going to 
 sea, is : Expect very little, and he prepared to hear 
 -good-humoredly with it; then, if ‘‘all the modern 
 conveniences” should happen to present themselves, 
 as is not at all likely, they will afford double en- 
 joyment, and the want of them will not entail 
 misery. 
 
 4th. Determine to be as jolly as health will allow, 
 and as companionable as is at all consistent with the 
 temperament. Join in all practical harmless amuse- 
 ments and exercises, with the result of making your 
 own days less tedious, and producing the same 
 effect on those of others. One jolly fellow, some- 
 times, seems to leaven up a whole ship-load ; one or 
 two glum faces act like a wet-blanket on all con- 
 cerned. There is a comradery in sea-going, scarcely 
 
ON SHIPBOARD. 
 
 3S 
 
 second to that of the army ; and some of the pleas- 
 antest friendships of years originate on the deck 
 filled with comparative strangers. Quoits, shovel- 
 board, chess, draughts, backgammon, social games 
 at cards, all these supply amusement to those who 
 will take part in them ; and there is room for any 
 amount of table sociability at meals, not marred but 
 rather increased by the little accidents to which 
 breakfasting or dining in rough weather is certainly 
 subject. 
 
 ^th. Make friends, early, with the captain and 
 other officers of the ship, so far as they will permit; 
 but take no liberties with them, and carefully avoid 
 compromising any one of them who may have shown 
 any peculiar fayor, by speaking of it to others of the 
 ship^s company or passengers. Strictly observe those 
 cardinal rules which forbid going upon the bridge, 
 talking with the officers when on duty, or distract- 
 ing the attention of the quarter-masters at the 
 wheel. Avoid getting in the way of the officers at 
 the compa?s, or hindering them when engaged in 
 that most important event of the day — taking an 
 observation.'^ Obey them, quietly and respectfully, 
 when they give a direction calculated to secure your 
 safety or prevent accident — even if the reason of the 
 order should not be fully evident to a landsman. 
 Don’t inquire any oftener than is unavoidable, where 
 the ship is at any particular moment, what a certain 
 I movement on deck means, what kind of weather it 
 is going to be during the next twenty- four liours ; 
 
u 
 
 SHORI^TRIP GUIDE. 
 
 and don’t ask the men, when they are heaving the 
 log, how many miles an hour the ship is going, or 
 don’t expect them to tell the truth if you do ! Don’t 
 get in the way when hawsers are being overhauled 
 or yards braced; and don’t wonder if, getting in the 
 way when some evolution of hauling the ropes is 
 going on, you occasionally trip and so learn what 
 times and places are dangerous. Don’t attempt to 
 “help,” at any time, except in the rare event of an 
 accident; and thus “keeping out of the way,” with- 
 out losing any chance of observation and enjoyment, 
 secure the friendship of the officers, the respect of 
 the crew, and the gratitude of all concerned. 
 
 6th. Make friends with the stewards, at once, not 
 only by treating them respectfully,- but by speaking 
 to the two in charge of your particular table and 
 state-room — requesting their attention and prom- 
 ising them the due douceur at the end of the voy- 
 age. Half a sovereign each to the saloon and lower- 
 saloon stewards, and say a crown to the “ boots,” 
 with half-a-crown for beer to the captain of the 
 watch who first “ chalks” you when you break the 
 rules of the ship by going forward, and perhaps half 
 a dozen shillings to persons who do errands for you 
 durieg the run — this, reaching not much more than 
 thirty shillings altogether, is quite sufficient to 
 grease the wheels of service and make welcome then 
 and afterwards. 
 
 Ttli. Avoid attempting to read much, at sea, how- 
 ever interest may tempt in that direction. ILero 
 
SIIIPBOAED, 
 
 05 
 
 is <‘i motion and jar of the vessel, making the letters 
 swim and damaging head and opticmerves to a de- 
 g*rec needing -days for recovery. Some persons can 
 read steadily, almost without injury; others cannot: 
 it is never best to try the experiment when it can be 
 avoided. And there is rarely much occasion : it is a 
 poor passage-list in which more amusement cannot 
 be f >und than in books, for the short period con- 
 sumed in crossing the Atlantic. 
 
 8th. Keep on deck, all that is possible. Half the 
 charm of going to sea lies in the pure, fresh air, 
 except in very stormy weather. The air of lower- 
 cabins and state-rooms is necessarily more or le&s 
 confined, and consequently unhealthy; while the 
 healthiest atmosphere in the world comes fresh to 
 the lungs from blue water. There is far less danger 
 of sea-sickness, too, on deck than below, when actual 
 illness does not enforce confinement to the berth ; 
 and the thousand sights and sounds of sea-life — 
 sunrises, sunsets, moonlight, storm-waves, whales, 
 porpoise-shoals, passing vessels, observations, log and 
 lead heaving, making and taking in sail, signalling, 
 etc., are only to be enjoyed by those who keep the 
 deck as persistently as possible. And this is even ad- 
 ditionally true at times of leaving or making land ; 
 approaching port, etc., opportunities for remark and 
 study, lost during which periods, may be and prob- 
 ably will be lost forever. 
 
 9th. Dress warmly — quite as warmly as comfort 
 demands, and err on the safe side if at all. Sea-air, 
 
80 - SIIORT^TRIP GUIDE. 
 
 thongh healthy, is damp and deceptive as to temper- 
 ature. Nev^r mind the appearance ; put on the 
 clothes. 
 
 10th. Take much exercise. Want of occupation 
 induces long sitting at table and hearty eating; and 
 the system must be a strong one which C':\n endure 
 this for days, without exercise, and yet siitfer no in-' 
 jury. "When there is not too much sea to make it 
 possible, at least a mile or two should be walked 
 every morning, and a corresponding space in the 
 afternoon — the long cleared decks, or the alleyways, 
 of most of the best steamers, rendering this amuse- 
 ment of exercise easy and convenient. 
 
 11th. Aid the direction last named, by eating 
 moderately as usual habits will allow — either by 
 abridging the quantity of each meal, or by avoiding 
 some of the number. Four meals per day are usu-“ 
 ally provided — -breakfast, lunch, dinner and tea: very 
 often, and especially when there is any tendency to 
 inactivity of the system, and fever, two of the four 
 may be profitably omitted. 
 
 12th. Put confidence in the ship ; believe, for the 
 time being, that the ship is the best afloat. If you 
 go down into the fire-room (which, by the w^ay, is 
 quite as well kept out of), don’t fall into the fancy 
 that so large a mass of fire in the midst of a vessel 
 must inevitably burn her ; vessels are especially con- 
 structed to guard against that danger, and iron does 
 not take fire easily. Don’t be alarmed at the noises 
 continually coming from the fire-room, or think that 
 
ON SHIPBOARD, 
 
 87 
 
 some calamity has happened there: firemen are nor- 
 mally noisy as well as grimy, and they need to 
 speak loudly to make themselves heard. Don’t 
 fancy, in short, that everything \vill go wrong unless 
 you attend to it, except in one particular; and that is, 
 
 13th. Join the fire-police of the ship, and stick to 
 the organization. Take no combustible materials 
 below in your baggage — neither matches nor danger- 
 ous chemicals; take no light of any kind below the 
 decks, for better reason than because there is a 
 severe punishment for any proceeding of the kind — 
 the all-powerful reason that such an act may destroy 
 your own life and the lives of others. On this point, 
 watch your own conduct and that of others, and no 
 harm is likely to result from the close surveillance; 
 though any discovery made should always be com- 
 municated quietly to some person in charge, and not 
 shouted through the ship so as to create a panic 
 among the passengers. 
 
 11th, Never go forward when the ship is pitching 
 into a heavy sea: there is always danger of injury, in 
 such an experiment by a landsman, and very often of 
 being swept overboard, at times when even sailors can 
 scarcely keep footing on the wet and slippery decks. 
 Never stand at or very near the taffrail (extreme 
 stern) in correspondingly heavy weather, as there is 
 always danger of the ship ‘‘jumping out from under 
 you^ — an accident which sometimes happens to ex- 
 perienced seamen who stand unguardedly in that 
 
SHOBTTBIP GUIDE. 
 
 S3 
 
 dangerous position. Never climb upon the bul- 
 warks, however calm the sea; for there is no know- 
 ing at what moment there may be one roll — enough 
 to finish the individual voyage very unpleasantly. 
 
 15th. Never attempt to go up or down one of the 
 companion-ways (stairs), or along one of the gang- 
 ways, or the decks, when the sea is heavy, without 
 making as much use of the hands as the feet — hold- 
 ing on firmly to the nearest convenient rail. Broken 
 ribs or limbs are sometimes the consequence of for- 
 getfulness or bravado, on this point. 
 
 16th. In the event of illness (other than sea-sick- 
 ness), don't take nostrums, or trust to anything in 
 your private ‘^medicine-chest.’' There is always 
 one surgeon, or more, on each ship; they are paid 
 for attending to the health of passengers, without 
 charge except for costly medicine; they are partic- 
 ularly familiar with the treatment prudent at sea; 
 and it is very often the case that medicines upon 
 which dependence can be placed when on the more 
 stable element, prove injurious in the abnormal con- 
 dition of never being entirely quiet. 
 
 17th. If sea-sick, don't fancy the disease is a mor- 
 tal one. Few people die of it, though many (it is to 
 be feared) are rendered vastly uncomfortable. Keep 
 the bravest heart and the strongest determination 
 possible, against the great foe; and above all, do 
 not join the noble army of those who ask to be mer- 
 cifully “thrown overboard’ as a means of escaping 
 the torture. Nobody dares obey the request — not 
 
OK SHIPBOARD. 
 
 39 
 
 even your worst enemy, wlio wishes that he could ; 
 and if it should he obeyed, the chances are ten to 
 one that before you had gone down ten fathoms in 
 blue Avater the cry might be a different one. 
 
 18th. Berths, in sea-going ships, are mostly sin- 
 gle; and yet it is best, especially in heavy Aveather, 
 to have a ied-fellow. This is easily found in the 
 valise or Avell-iilled carpet bag, which packed closely 
 in against the side-board, the Avould-be sleeper lying 
 on the side in the inner part of the berth, Avill gen- 
 erally enable him to lie without rolling, eA'en when 
 the ship is doing her Avorst in that direction, and 
 secure sleep when it would be otherwise impossible 
 from the constantly- waking motion. An alternative 
 arrangement of almost equal excellence in rough 
 Aveather, though not alAA^ays practicable — is to use a 
 broad luggage-strap, fastened to any stanchion at 
 the back of the berth and then buckled around the 
 breast of the Avould-be sleeper. 
 
 19th — and more important than any of the pre- 
 ceding. Eemember, oftener than when the service 
 is read on Sabbath morning, that there is a Hand^ 
 Avistr and stronger than that of any officer of the 
 ship, ruling not only the vessel, but the Avaves upon 
 Avhich she rides and the winds and other elements 
 which may place her in peril. 
 
BELL-TIME AT SEA. 
 
 ^Passengers by any of the transatlantic steam- 
 ers, or on any other extended route involving the 
 continual change of longitude, should never risk in- 
 juring their time pieces by setting them slower or 
 faster, but quietly allow them to run down imme- 
 diately after startings and keep them in that condi- 
 tion, though carrying them in the ordinary upright 
 position, until the end of the voyage. They will be 
 obliged, meanwhile, to depend upon the ship’s bell,, 
 with occasional glimpses of the saloon-clock, for the 
 requisite knowledge of the flight of time during 
 each day, to prevent a mental vacuum on that sub- 
 ject, and enable them to make- proper preparation 
 for meals. 
 
 A little experience of the use of the bell, however, 
 is necessary for putting this advice into ready prac- 
 tice ; and the following brief table of ^^bell-bime at 
 sea” will be found worth an hour or two of study, io 
 that end; one fact being always borne in mind: 
 that the farther eastward the faster the time, and, 
 the farther westward, the slower ; so that a steamer 
 of ordinary speed loses about half an hour j)er day 
 of the running time with which she is charged, in 
 going eastward, and gains a corresponding amount 
 of time in going westward. 
 
BELL TIME AT SEA, 
 
 41 
 
 Commencing the day at sea, with the half-hour 
 succeeding midnight, the following explanation of 
 the ‘‘ bells’* (i. 6 ., strokes of the hell) will be found 
 easily understood and quite sufficient for practical 
 use, if one aid to the memory is employed — the re- 
 collection that the odd numbers of strokes are always 
 half-hours, that the even numbers are always hours, 
 and that those hours which can be divided by 4 are 
 always represented by numbers which can also be 
 divided by 4. 
 
 1 boll 
 
 ... 
 
 o’clock, 
 
 A. M. 
 
 1 bell 
 
 
 2 bells 
 
 ... 1 
 
 
 ‘‘ 
 
 2 bells 
 
 1 “ 
 
 3 “ 
 
 ... \y^ 
 
 (1 
 
 a 
 
 3 “ 
 
 .... W 
 
 4 “ 
 
 ... 2 
 
 
 ii 
 
 4 “ 
 
 Q it t 
 
 5 “ ^ . 
 
 . . - 2 
 
 a 
 
 u 
 
 5 “ 
 
 “ “ 
 
 6 “ 
 
 ... 3 
 
 It 
 
 a 
 
 6 
 
 a 
 
 7 “ 
 
 ... 3K 
 
 
 li 
 
 7 “ .... 
 
 .... 
 
 8 “ 
 
 . .. 4 
 
 (( 
 
 (i 
 
 8 “ 
 
 4 tt tt 
 
 1 bell 
 
 
 (( 
 
 n 
 
 1 “ 41/ “ “ 
 
 2 bells 
 
 . .. 5 
 
 (t 
 
 it 
 
 2 “ 
 
 5 “ “ 
 
 3 “ 
 
 ... 5M 
 
 (( 
 
 (i 
 
 3 “ .... 
 
 .... “ 
 
 4 “ 
 
 . .. 6 
 
 
 ** 
 
 4 “ 
 
 6 “ “ 
 
 5 “ 
 
 ... 
 
 “ 
 
 1 i 
 
 Dbell .... 
 
 .... 6)4 “ 
 
 6 “ 
 
 ... 7 
 
 ti 
 
 a 
 
 2 bells .... 
 
 7 tt it 
 
 7 “ 
 
 ... 
 
 It 
 
 li 
 
 3 “ .... 
 
 .... “ 
 
 8 “ 
 
 ... 8' 
 
 it 
 
 it 
 
 4 “ 
 
 8 “ * 
 
 1 boll 
 
 . . . 8 
 
 (t 
 
 a 
 
 1 bell 
 
 8)^' “ * 
 
 ‘2 bells 
 
 . . . {) 
 
 (( 
 
 (( 
 
 2 bells 
 
 9 “ “ 
 
 3 “ ..... 
 
 ... 9}^ 
 
 It 
 
 ii 
 
 3 “ .... 
 
 .... 9)4 
 
 4 “ 
 
 ... 10 
 
 ‘ ‘ 
 
 li 
 
 4 “ 
 
 ... 10 •* “ 
 
 5 
 
 ... 10)^ 
 
 i ( 
 
 
 5 “ .... 
 
 .... lOM* “ 
 
 () “ 
 
 ... 11 
 
 It 
 
 ti 
 
 6 “ 
 
 11 “ ‘ 
 
 7 ‘‘ ..... 
 
 ... 11 M 
 
 “ 
 
 it 
 
 7 “ .... 
 
 .... 11>^ “ 
 
 8 “ 
 
 ... l> 
 
 noon. 
 
 8 “ .... 
 
 
 From 4 P. :m. to 8 P. Ri. instead of pr^^senting an iinbroken succes* 
 sion of bells from 1 to 8, is divided into two “Dog Watches”— 4 to 6 
 (“ first dog-watch”) and 6 to 8 (“second dog-watch”)— in order to pre- 
 vent the larboard and starboard watches of sailors being on duty 
 during the same hours, one day after another — as they would be if they 
 wore continually and only changed once every four houre. 
 
nE]N YORK CITY, HARBOR AND SUBURBS. 
 
 APPKOACH AND IIAllBOR. 
 
 Land is generally made, approaching the harbor 
 of New York, from any vessel coming down the 
 Great Circle,” at some point on the Long Island 
 coast, at starboard or right of the ship ; and the 
 time may be anywhere from four to ten hours (in 
 clear weather) before crossing the bar at Sandy 
 Hook, the entrance of the Lower Bay of New York. 
 After first sighting, this land will keep in sight — 
 low and uninteresting, the course of the vessel be- 
 ing nearly parallel with the shore, and at a few 
 miles distance. Pilots are taken on board from 
 small schooners, at distances varying from a few 
 miles from the coast to two or even three hundred — 
 as disasters from want of pilotage off this port, 
 many years ago, have induced much activity and 
 competition, of late years. 
 
 Two or three hours from Sandy Hook, for ships 
 coming down the Long Island coast, and as a first 
 sight for those crossing from the south, are made 
 the Highlands of Navesinh, fine bold headlands ap- 
 proaching the sea, and forming one point of the 
 eastern coast of New Jersey. These hills show to 
 excellent advantage on a nearer approach, and are 
 very imposing when the Bar at Sandy Hook is be- 
 
NE^V YORK CITY, 
 
 43 
 
 ing crossed; t^YO square-tower liglit-liouses showing 
 on the Highlands, behind the long, low point of 
 wooded sand forming the Hook, on which are to be 
 seen one light-house and two beacons, with a 
 formidable line of government fortifications in pro- 
 gress, near the outer or northern end, very near to 
 which the skip necessarily passes the channel. 
 
 Passing the Bar and running up the Lower Bay, 
 the New Jersey Highlands continue ahead and to 
 the left, sloping away toward Long Branch a few 
 miles southward ; on the right continues Long 
 Island, with the still lower and sandier Coney Is- 
 fand adjoining it in front ; still ahead and to tho 
 left rise the hills of Staten Island, with an opening 
 between it and Long Island marking the Narrows, 
 through which entrance is made from the Lower or 
 Earitan Bay into the Upper or Bay of New York 
 proper. 
 
 At the left, four or five miles below the Narrows, 
 is passed (if there is no occasion to make its nearer 
 acquaintance) the New York Quarantine — 
 of low buildings on two artificial islands built 
 within the last few years on a shoal known as the 
 West Bank of Eomer. Passing the Narrows, the 
 fine fortification to the right, on Long Island, is 
 Fort Hamilton, with the ruins of the once cele- 
 brated Fort Lafayette standing in the water at 
 some distance below it — while to the left rises 
 the corresponding bluff of Staten Island, crowned 
 with a light-house and fortifications, with a strong 
 
SHOUT TRIP GVIDE. 
 
 new structure, Fort Richmond, standing below at 
 near the water’s edge. 
 
 The view of New York Bay, after passing the Nar- 
 rows, is considered one of the finest of its character 
 in the world, and should never be lost by the trav- 
 eler enjoying the opportunity for the first time. On 
 the right, passing up, will be observed the Long 
 Island shore, handsomely shaded, and dotted with 
 the residences of well-to-do citizens or suburbans; 
 and on the left Staten Island presents much higher 
 ground, landings and thriving villages near the 
 shore, and the sides of the hills in like manner 
 well shaded and dotted with tasteful residences. 
 Some six miles above the Narrows, at the immedi- 
 ate right, the monuments of Greenwood Cemetery 
 may be seen covering and crowning one of the 
 Long Island hills near the shore; still to the right, 
 blit ahead, the City of Brooklyn its many 
 
 spires and wilderness of buildings ; immediately 
 ahead rises Governor's Island, with its round fort, 
 Castle William, and its long ranges of barracks and 
 officeis’-quarters ; and as Governor’s Island is pass- 
 ed, still directly ahead, the City of New York is 
 seen, stretching right and left, from iti lowest point 
 at the Battery, up the East and North rivers (Long 
 Island Sound and the Hudson), each line show- 
 ing a perfect forest of the masts of shipping, and the 
 marked deficiency of commanding spires partially 
 I'elieved by the nearness and grace of that of Trinity 
 
NEW YORK CITY. 
 
 45 
 
 'liiu’cli and the height of several of the new build- 
 ]gs now overtopping the city, especially the 
 V'estern Union Telegraph Building, New Post 
 )ffice, Tribune Office, Emning Post Office, Equita- 
 le and Mutual Insurance Buildings, &c. 
 
 From this point, which also best shows the 
 Brooklyn Bridge, Brooklyn lies a little behind, 
 t the right; Staten Island has fallen away to a 
 inch greater distance behind and at the left ; the 
 [udson Eiver stretches northward, immediately 
 heacl, Long Island Sound branching away eastward 
 t an acute angle; the other two islands of the 
 arbor, so far unnamed, Bedloe's and Ellis', lie at 
 Dme distance to the left; and behind them, to the 
 '?ft and ahead, on the west or New Jersey side of 
 ae river, may be prominehtly seen the towns of 
 'ersey City and Hoboken, continual high landi 
 ising up-river from the latter, along the Hudson, 
 :) wards Fort Lee and the Palisades. 
 
 It is also at this point that the traveler visiting 
 he New World for the first time from the Old, will 
 nd one of the most marked of sensations in observ- 
 ig not only the immense variety of shipping and 
 [le flags of all nations at the wharves and in the 
 tream, but the many particulars in which the 
 .merican river and ferry craft differ from those of 
 ny other nation — the prevailing color being white, 
 nd both strength and grace often sacrificed to 
 ; peed and temporary convenience. 
 
46 
 
 snoii T^TRIP G UIBK 
 
 NEW YORK CITY AND BROOKLYN. 
 
 As will already have been observed, the City o 
 New York lies at the junction of the North or Hud 
 son Kiver and Long Island Sound (familiarly callec 
 the East Eiver), having thus the best of opportuni 
 ties for cleanliness and health, which are by n 
 means always embraced with due diligence an< 
 faithfulness — the city being always ineffectual! 
 cleaned, in comparison with the cost to the people 
 and often disgracefully dirty. In effect, Brooklyr 
 immediately opposite on the southeast, and con 
 nected with it by half-a-dozen or more well-manage 
 steam-fenies, is a part of the same city, thoug 
 lying in another county, and bearing a differen 
 name; while nearly th^ same maybe said of bot 
 Jersey City and Hoboken, on the New Jersey shore 
 and reached in the same manner by ferry. 
 
 Before proceeding to explore the city or suburbf 
 it should be noted that carriage-service in Ne^ 
 York is very high and very bad; cab-service bette 
 and improving, though by no means up to tb 
 European standard — so that the first should 
 almost entirely avoided, and the latter much oftene 
 foregone in favor of the public conveyances tha 
 they would be in any city of the Old World. Tb 
 ferries should be used freely, not only for necessar 
 crossings, but as an additional means of studyin 
 the topography of the harbor, and the excellence ( 
 the system. For most directions the street horse 
 
NEW TORK CITY. 
 
 47 
 
 ars [see directions for those cars, different lines, 
 >p. 58 and 59, and following] run regularly and well, 
 nd are comfortable, except at morning and evening 
 tours, bringing too great crowds; and the Elevated 
 lailroad, from South Ferry, and omnibuses from the 
 Brooklyn Ferries, are available and respectable. 
 
 Of the Streets, the best worth noting is Broadway, 
 'hich should be driven, in apen carriage if con- 
 enient, from its commencement at the Battery 
 harbor side) to its virtual termination at Madison 
 iquare, many of the best commercial buildings be- 
 ig thus seen, and a succession of splendid business 
 rections observed, not equalled, perhaps, in any 
 ther city of either continent. Thence Fifth avenue 
 hould be taken, to the Central Park, and cn 
 eturn Madison avenue, views being caught, in 
 be two", of many of the most fashionable pri- 
 ate erections of the city. Much of the lead- 
 ng fashion of the city may be found gathered 
 i the streets running out from Fifth avenue, from 
 'ourteenth to Sixtieth street — notably on Tioenty- 
 iird, Thirty fourth, Forty-second streets, &c. The 
 'owery may be noted as the people’s or east-side 
 I roadway. Greenwich street will be found filling a 
 ' )mewhat similar position on the west side; Third, 
 \ixth and Eighth avenues may be taken as fair 
 ' ^pes of prosperous commonalty and bustle; West 
 I reel (Hudson Eiver side) will be found to supply 
 I jam quite woithy of the Strand at its worst hours; 
 
48 snORT-TRIP GUIDE. 
 
 and still further down town, Wall street, Broad | 
 New streets command attention as the centres of the | 
 moneyed interest. In Beooklyn, the most notable | 
 streets are Montague and Clinton, for fashion; Ftd- 
 ion and Court streets, Atlantic and Myrtle avenues, 
 &c., for business activity; Third street. Union street. 
 Fourth avenue, &c., as drives ; Clinton, Washing- 
 ton, Bedford, Grand and other avenues, for sub- 
 urban beauty. 
 
 Of Wharves, New York has never had any de- 
 serving the name, though a fine water front is now 
 presented at the Battery, and arrangements are in 
 progress to supply well-built docks along both rivers. 
 Of Markets, the Washington, foot of Vesey street, j 
 Hudson River side, and the Fulton, foot of Fulton j 
 street. East River side, will be found among the j 
 best supplied in the world, though the buildings j 
 are very old and badly kept. Newer and better i 
 erections are the Metropolitan, foot of Thirty-fourth 
 street. North River, and the Tompkins, Third ave- 
 nue and Seventh street. Of Museums, the Metro- 
 politan Museum of Art, Fourteenth street, near 
 Sixth avenue; one at Central Pai-k; and a small 
 but unique one (naval) at the Brooklyn Navy 
 Yard. Of Libraries, the Astor, Lafayette Place; 
 the Mercantile, Lenox, Society, Law, American Insti- 
 tute, Historical, Printers’, Woman’s, &c. Of Public 
 Galleries, that of the Metropolitan Museum of Art, 
 (above named) ; the Lenox, Fifth avenue ; those 
 of the picture-dealers, Govpil {Knoedler, successor). 
 
nEW TOUK CITY. 
 
 4D 
 
 Somerallc, Sneckcoi^ Schaiis,” &q., with aiiDual exhi- 
 bitions of the Academy of Design (Twenty-third 
 street and Fourth avenue); and the Private Galle- 
 ries of some of the wealthy citizens and merchant- 
 prirces, of taste and liberality, are very credita- 
 b’e, and sometimes exhibited to the public. Large 
 collections of national and celebrity portraits are to 
 be seen in the great photograph galleries of Kurtz, 
 FredricJcs, Eockwood, Eogardus, Sarony, Mora, and 
 several others. Of Hospitals, the leading are the 
 ' Bellevue, Twenty-sixth street and East Kiver ; New ^ 
 Yorh, Fifth avenue ; St. Lukes, St. Vincent’s, Ger- 
 man, Mt. Sinai, Woman^s, Seamen's , — their locations 
 popularly well known, and easily ascertained by any 
 visitor for use or curiosity. 
 
 Of Educational Institutions and the structures 
 C'-nnected, the following are most notable : Cohan- 
 hia College (an institution of moderate ago but rep- 
 utation and usefulness, and with Law and Mining 
 Schools attached). East Forty-ninth street ; New 
 York University (collegiate, but making no pre- 
 tence to fill the European use of the word), Wash- 
 ington Square ; New York College (formerly the 
 New York Free Academy), Twenty-third street and 
 Lexington avenue ; College of Physicians and Sur- 
 geons, East Twenty-third street and Fourth ave- 
 nue ; University Medical College, Worth street ; 
 Eutgers Female College, Fifth avenue ; Union Theo- 
 logical Seminary, University Place ; New York Law 
 
50 
 
 SUORT^TIUP GUIDE. 
 
 Institute, Chambers street ; Protestant Episcopal 
 Theological Seminary ; new Normal College, &c., &c. 
 In connection with educational facilities it should 
 be added, that the Common Schools of the City of 
 New York are the best in the world, in handsome 
 and commodious buildings, free to all, numerously 
 attended, and worth observation by any visitor. 
 
 Of Monuments, New York has as follow^s: In 
 Central Park : ShaJcspeare, Sir Walter Scott, Hum- 
 bolclt, Schiller, Webster, Halleck, Seventh liegiment, &c. 
 In Union Square, equestrian statue of Washington, 
 statues of Lafayette and Lincoln. In Madison Square, 
 monument obelisk to General Worth and statue of 
 Wm. II. Seward. In Trinity Churchyard, Maiiyrs' 
 Memorial (handsome Gothic structure in honor of 
 revolutionary patriots who died on the prison- 
 ships); monument to Cajytain Lawrence, who fell on 
 the Chesapeake; the horizontal slab over the re- 
 mains of the heroine of th^ romance of the same 
 name, Charlotte Temple. In St. Paul’s Churchyard, 
 shaft to Eobert Emmett, the Irish patriot’ monu- 
 ment to Gen. Montgomery'; one (back of church) to 
 George Frederick Cooke, the actor. In Printing 
 House Square, bronze statue of Franklin. 
 
 Of antiquities, the city may be said to have lit- 
 erally none, the hand of ‘improvement” having 
 lately been very busy with the few remaining. The 
 two most interesting old buildings existing, are the 
 Old Walton House, Pearl Street, most fashionable 
 
NEW YORK CITY, 
 
 51 
 
 residence of the past century, now decayed; and 
 the Washingivn Hotel, Broadway and Battery Place, 
 once the residence of Gen. Washington, of Sir Guy 
 Oarleton, &c. 
 
 Of Churches, few command any attention architec- 
 turally, though there is no deficiency as to number. 
 The two oldest were the North Dutch, Fulton and 
 William streets, not long since demolished, and 
 the Middle Dutch, used as a pr son by the British 
 during the War of the Revolution, and late the City 
 Post Office — Nassau, Liberty and Cedar streets. 
 St. Pauls, Broadway (where the pew of General 
 Washington, when President, still remains), and 
 St. Johns, Varick street, best deserve present 
 notice, from age and unpretending grace ; and 
 Trinity, Broadway, as the most respectable finished 
 Gothic erection on the Continent — though St. Pat- 
 rick's • Cathedral, Fifth avenue and Fiftieth street, 
 will eventually dwarf it and all others. Those re- 
 maining, best repaying visits of curiosity, are St^ 
 George's, Rutherford Place; Grace Church, Broad- 
 way; St. Paul's and All Souls, Fourth avenue; 
 St. Thomas', Fifth avenue; Holy Trinity, Madison 
 avenue; SL Mark's (old), Stuyvesant street; the 
 Tabernacle, Sit:th avenue; SL Stephen's, Twenty- 
 eighth street ; Dr. Chapins, Fifth avenue ; Dr. Hep- 
 icortDs, MadiSon avenue. In Brooklyn, the most 
 notable are the Holy Trinity and St. Ann's-on-ilie 
 Heights, both on Clinton street ; Baptist, Strong 
 Place ; Dr. Eddy's, Pierrepont street ; Church of 
 
52 
 
 SHORT TEIP GUIDE. 
 
 the Pilgrims, Henrj street ; the Tabernacle, Scher- 
 merhorii street ; St. Charles Borromeo (Catholic), 
 Sidney Place, 
 
 Of Public Buildings, the most interesting, from 
 one cause or another, will be found the Citg Hall, 
 City Hall Park (with a collection of civic and heroic 
 portraits of some interest, in the Governor s 
 Boom”); the New Court House (unfinished, but 
 with many handsome rooms) same place ; the City 
 Prison (‘"^ Tombs”), Centre street; the Custom 
 House and Sub-Treasury, Wall street ; the Cooper 
 Institute, junction of Third and Fourth avenues ; 
 the Bible House, opposite the preceding, above ; the 
 Academy of Music, Fourteenth street ; the Academy 
 of Design and Christian Association buildings. 
 Fourth avenue and Twenty-third street ; Booth's 
 Theatre, Twenty-third street ; the Grand Opera 
 House, Eighth avenue; Tammany Hall, Fourteenth 
 street ; the Central Police Station, Mulberry street ; 
 Hudson River Railrmd Freight Depot, Hudson 
 street (with colossal bronze of much oddity and a 
 certain merit, on the principal front, dn honor of 
 Cornelius Vanderbilt) ; new Grand Central Depot, 
 of the N. Y. Central, Harlem?, and New Haven Bail- 
 roads, Fourth avenue and Forty-second street ; Post 
 Office, City Hall Park ; Methodist Book Concern^ 
 Broadway and Eleventh street ; Masonic Hall, 
 Twenty-third street and Sixth avenue ; Stock Ex- 
 change (new), Broad street ; N. Y. Historical Society, 
 University Place ; Produce Exchange^ Whitehall st 
 
NEW YORK CITY. 
 
 ^3 
 
 •In Brooklyn, tlie City Hall and County Court 
 House, Court and Fulton streets ; Academy ef 
 l\Iusic, Montague street ; Mercantile Library, and 
 Art Association Building, same street ; Atheneum-, 
 Atlantic avenue, &c. 
 
 New York has many Commercial Buildings of 
 gTeat cost and splendor — no other city in the world 
 having more of what may be designated as ‘‘ pal- 
 'Eces,” devoted to money or trade. The lead is taken 
 among purely hnancial buildings, by the Park 
 Bank, Broadway. No less than three structures 
 devoted to Life Assurance command much atten- 
 tion — those of the Equitable Society, at Broadway 
 and Cedar street; of the Mutual Company, Broad- 
 way and Liberty street; and of the New York Com- 
 pany, Broadway and Leonard street ; while the 
 Western Union Telegraph building, Broadway an^ 
 Bey street, the Drexd Banking House, Wall and 
 Broad streets, the Bennett Building, Nassau, Ful- 
 ton and Ann streets, and others command attention. 
 The most prominent among what are called the 
 
 business palaces,’’ are those of A, T, Stevoart & Co., 
 Broadway and Chambers street, and Broadway and 
 Ninth street; of Lord & Taylor, Broadway and 
 Twentieth street ; of Arnold S Constable, Broad- 
 way and Nineteenth street ; of T{ffany, Union 
 Square and Fifteenth street ; of the Domestic 
 Sewing Machine Company, Broadway and Four- 
 teenth street ^ of the Wheeler & Wilson Sew'- 
 iny Machine Comjmny, Union Square ; of 
 
54 
 
 SnOBT-TBlP GUIDE. 
 
 Applelons, Broadway ; of Brooks Brothers. Broadway i 
 Harpers', Franklin Square ; Frank Leslie, Pearl st., 
 Brewster's, Fifth avenue, &c. 
 
 There are many private dwellingg of great cost^ 
 splendor, smd varying architectural taste, on Fifth 
 avenue and the more fashionable streets on Murray 
 Hill; the first among them being the palace of the 
 lately deceased A. T. Stewart, at Fifth avenue and 
 Thii ty-fourth street, of which the details, with- 
 out and within, are of the most lavish magnificence, 
 while the picture collection is very rich and valuable^ 
 Closely following, are those of Mr. Geo. Opdyke, Mr. 
 IF. H. Vanderbilt, Messrs. Asior, Judge Hilton, Mr. 
 Lenox, Mrs. Stevens, Mrs. Coles, Mr. Jlurgar, &c:, 
 all on Fifih avenue ; Miss Wolf, Messrs. Phelgys and 
 Dodge, Madison avenue, ha. 01 Club HonsC'^, among 
 pne most prominent are the New York, Travelers', 
 Knickerbocker, Lotos, Manhattan, &c., Fifth avenue ; 
 the Union League, Madison avenue, &c. 
 
 Of Hotel Buildings (also Hotels), New York has 
 many of great size and fine architecture, p o mi cent 
 among them being the Windsor, Fif h avenue and 
 Forty-seventh street ; Fifth Avenue, Fifth avenue, 
 Broadway and Twenty-fourth street ; Boss more, 
 Broadway and Forty-second street ; Buckingham, 
 Fifth avenue and Fiitieth street ; Grand Central, 
 Broadway opposite Bond street ; Brecoort, Fifth 
 avenue near Washington Park ; As^or House, 
 Broadway and Barclay street ; Si. Nicholas,. Broad-^ 
 
NEW' YORK CITY. 
 
 55 
 
 way and Spring street ; Metropolitan, Broadway 
 and Prince street ; Wedminster, Irving Place and 
 Sixteenth street ; Grand Hotel, Broadway and 
 Thirtieth street ; St. Cloud, Broadway and Forty- 
 second street ; GUsey, Broadway and Twenty-ninth 
 street ; Sturtemnt, Broadway and Twenty-eighth 
 street ; St. James, Broadway and Twenty-sixth 
 street ; Hoffman, Broadway* and Twenty-fourth 
 street ; Coleman, Broadway and Twenty-seventh 
 street; Everett, Union Square; Clarendon, Fourth 
 avenue ; Delmonico's, Fifth avenue ; Berkeley, Fifth 
 avenue and Ninth street ; New York, Broad- 
 way and Fourth street; Earles, Canal street ; 
 Merchants* (mercantile), Cortlandt street, &c. In 
 Bkooklyn, the Pierrepont House, Montague street, 
 and the Mansion House, Hicks street Several 
 Newspaper Offices of mark are to be noticed in 
 New York, those of the Evening Post, Broadway 
 and Fulton street; the Tribune, Printing House 
 Square; the Herald, Broadway and Ann street; 
 the Times, and the Staats Zeitung, Bruiting House 
 Square- 
 
 The principal Theatres of New York ClTy proper 
 are Wallaces, Broadway and Thirteenth street ; the 
 Olympic, Broadway near B'eecker street; Niblo*s, 
 Broadway near Prince street ; Booth’s, Twenty- 
 third street and Sixth avenue ; the Grand Opem 
 House, Eighth avenue and Twenty-third 6tr;.et ; 
 Dalys New Fifth Avenue, Twenty-eighth street, 
 near Broadway; the Lyceum, Fourteenth street; 
 Park, Broadway and Twenty-second street ; New 
 
SEORi-miP GUIDE. 
 
 Broadway, Broadway and Thirtieth street ; Union 
 Square Theatre, Union Square; Twenty-third Street, 
 street of that nanae; Eagle, Broadway and Thirty- 
 third street; Germania (German), Fourteenth street; 
 and the Bowery, street of that name. Opera House, 
 the Academy of Music, Fourteenth street. Aquarium, 
 the New York, Broadway and Thirty-fifth street. 
 Ethiopian Minstrel Hmises and Varieties, Tony Pas^ 
 tor's, the San Francisco Minstrels, &e. Brooklyn has 
 several excellent places of am i semen t, in the Acad- 
 emy of Music, Montague street; Brooklyn Theatre^ 
 Washington street; Park Theatre, Fulton street; 
 Hooleys Opera House, Court street; the Atheneum, 
 Atlantic avenue, &c. 
 
 Most popular Cnurches (for service). Trinity, 
 Broadway (Episcopalian); Grace, Broadway and 
 Tenth street (Epis.); the Tabernacle, Sixth avenue 
 andThirty-f urth street (Cong.) ; Dr. Fifth 
 
 avenue and Forty-fifth street (Univ.); St. Thomas^ 
 Filth avenue (Epis.) ; Dr. Tyng's, Eutherford Place 
 (Epis.); Fifth Acenue, Fifth avenue and Nineteenth 
 street (Pres.) ; Dr. HepworiK s, Madison ave. and E. 
 Fiirtv-fifth st. (Cong.) ; St. Paul's, Fourth ave. and 
 Twenty-second street (Methodist Episcop.) ; and in 
 Brooklyn, Plymouth Henry Ward Beecaer’s)^ 
 
 Orange street (Cong.) ; St. Ann's on-ihe- Heights and 
 the Holy Trinity (Epis.), both on C. inton st. ; Fb'st 
 Baptist, Nassau street ; Strory Place (Bapt.), Strong 
 Place ; Dr. Talmage's Tabernacle^ Schermerhorn st. 
 Present Catholic Cathedral in New York, St. Patrick's, 
 Mulberry and Houston streets ; with other leading 
 Catholic Churches — St. Stephen's, Twenty-eighth 
 street, near Third avenue (noted for fine music}^ 
 
NEW YORK CITY, 
 
 5T 
 
 and St. Francis Xavier's, Sixteenth street, near 
 Fifth avenue. 
 
 Public Grounds — Central Parh, (see ‘^Excur- 
 sions,” following); Washington, Madison and Union 
 Squares, and Battery and City Hall Parks, most of 
 limited dimensions, but all assuming attractive 
 shapes, and most of them being provided with 
 music on certain evenings of the week, daring the 
 warm season; and Jones' Wood, lying on the east- 
 ern side of the Island, on the river, opposite the 
 lower end of the Central Park, for many years 
 frequented and famous as a place for great out- 
 door gatherings, including the German and Irish 
 festivals and the Scottish annual games ; Jerome 
 Park, Westchester (also see “Excursions”); and 
 in Brooklyn, Prospect Park (also see “ Excur- 
 sions”), Prospect Park Fair Grounds, Lefferts 
 Park, &c. 
 
 Principal Ferries : To Brooklyn, from foot Pul- 
 ton street, foot Wall street, foot Cathariae street, 
 Peck Slip, foot Whitehall street; to Jersey City 
 (and Canard Docks, and Pennsylvania Kai.road), 
 foot Cortlandt street, and foot Desbrosses street; to 
 Commtimpaw (and Nev/ Jersey Central Bailroad), 
 foot Liberty street; to Hoboken (and Bremen and 
 Hamburg steamers, and Morris and Essex Bail- 
 road), foot Barclay street and foot Christopher 
 street; to Paconia (and passenger-depot of the 
 Erie Bailway), foot Chambers street and foot 
 Twenty-third street; to Staten Island, foot White- 
 
58 
 
 SHORT-TBIP GUIDE, 
 
 liall street and foot Dey street; to Hunter's Point 
 (and Long Island Railroad), James Siip and foot 
 Thirty-fourlii street. 
 
 PRINCIPAL STREET (hORSE) RAILROADS. 
 
 Second Amnue Line. — Cars leave Peck Slip (East River, 
 rear Fultcn Ferry), run tlirou^li South, Oliver, Bowery, 
 Grand and Christie streets, and Second avenue to One 
 Hundred and Twenty-eighth street, Harlem. Branch Irom 
 Broadway at Worth street to Bowery, and thence same 
 route. Third A'cenue Line. — Cars leave Broadway, opposite 
 Astor House, run through Park Row, Chatliam street, Bow- 
 ery, Third avenue to One Hundred and Thirtieth street, 
 Harlem. Fourth Arenue Line. — Cars leave Broadway, oppo- 
 site Astor House, run through Park Row, Centre and 
 Grand streets. Bowery and Fourth avenue to Forty-second 
 street, (Grand Central Depot.) Broadioay Line. — Cars leave 
 Broadway corner Barclay street, run through Barclay, 
 Church and Greene streets, Clinton and University Places, 
 Broadway and Seventh avenue to Fifty-ninth street (Central 
 Park). Branch of this road, from Broadway at Broome 
 street, through Broome street to Greene stieet, and as above. 
 Sixth Avenue Line. — Cars leave Broadway, corner Vesey 
 street, run through Vesey, Church and Chambers streets. 
 West Broadway, Canal, Varick and Carmine streets, and 
 Sixth avenue to Fifty-ninth street (Central Park). Seventh 
 Avenue Line. — Cars leave Broadway, corner Park Place, 
 run through Park Place, Church, Canal, Sullivan and Mac- 
 dougal streets, Clinton place, Greenwich and Seventh ave- 
 nues to Fifty-ninth street (Central Park). Eghth Avenue 
 Line. — Cars leave Broadway, corner Vesey street, run 
 through Vesey, Church and (diambers streets. West Broad- 
 way, Canal and Hudson streets, and Eighth avenue to 
 Filty -ninth street (Central Park). Branch of this road, from 
 Broadway at Canal street, through Canal to Hudson street, 
 and as above, with continuation to Manhattanville. Ninth 
 Avenue Line, — Cars leave Broadway, corner Fulton street, 
 run through Fulton and Greenwich streets and Ninth ave- 
 nue to Fifty-fourth street. Lexington Avenue lAne. — Cars 
 leave Broadway opposite Astor House, run through Park 
 Row, Chatham street. Bowery, Third Avenue, Thirty-fifth 
 
NEW YOBK CITY, 
 
 59 
 
 street, Lex1n<rton avenue to Forty-second street and Fourth 
 avenue (Grand ( 'entral Depot). Bleerlcer Street Line. — Cars 
 leave Fulton ferry (East River), rim tliroiio:li Fulton, William 
 and Ann streets, Park Row, Centre, Leonard, El n, Howard, 
 Crosby, Bleecker, Macdoucral, West Fourth, West Thir- 
 teenth, Hudson, West Fourteenth streets and Tenth ave- 
 nue to Twenty-third street. Belt Line. — (Eastern division) : 
 Cars leave South ferry (Battery), run through Front street. 
 Old Slip, South, Montgomery, South, Corlaers, Grand, 
 Goerck and East Houston streets. Avenue D, East Four- 
 teenth street. Avenue A, East Twenty third street, First 
 avenue and Ea«t Eift}^ ninth street to Fifth avenue at Cen- 
 tral Park. (Western division) : Cars leave South ferry 
 (Battery), run through Whitehall street and Battery Place, 
 West street. Tenth avenue and West Fifty-ninth street to 
 Fifth avenue at Central Park— the two forming perfect con- 
 nection round the city. Dry Bock, Line. — Cars leave Broad- 
 way, opposite Astor House, run through Park Row, Chat- 
 ham street. East Broadway, Grand and Columbia streets. 
 Avenue D, East Eleventh street and Avenue B, to foot East 
 Fourteenth street. East Broadway Line. — Cars leave Broad- 
 way, corner Ann street,' run through Park Row, Chatham 
 street, East Broadway, Clinton street. Avenue B, East 
 Fourteenth street. Avenue A, East Twenty-third street, First 
 avenue to Twenty -third street ferry. Grand and Corilandt 
 Line. — Cars leave Jersey City ferry, foot Cortlandt street, run 
 through Cortlandt, Greenwich. Beach, Li-penard and Canal 
 streets, East Broadway and Grand stnet to Grand street 
 ferry (East River). Cmss-Towii Line. — Cars leave West 
 Forty-second street at Tenth avenue, run tlirough Tenth 
 avenue, Tliirty-fourth street, Broadway, Twenty tliird street, 
 Fourth avenue. Fourteenth street, and east side minor 
 streets to foot of Grand street. East River. Chur h Street 
 Line. — Cars leave Astor House (Vesey street), run through 
 New Church street. Battery Place and Whiteliall street to 
 South ferry. Elevated Eailway. — (Steam) — Cars leave sttition 
 at the South Ferry, (extreme lower end of Bioadway) 
 every few minutes, through or rather over Greenwich 
 street and Ninth avenue, to Central Park, with stopping- 
 places at very short intervals, «nd many extensions projected. 
 There are several other and minor roads, cross-town lines, 
 &c., besides those here given; but a.l the more important 
 have been enumerated, and the least inoiructed visitor 
 
CO 
 
 SIIOBT-TRIP GVIDE. . 
 
 will Lave little difficultj, with the fore£roinpf dirpctions, in 
 makinir full use ot these great conveniences. It will be 
 noted that, witli a single exception, ti e up routes of all 
 these lines have been given, as most Intel ligible ; some of 
 them make slight variations in return or d »wn roiues, but 
 when so, only to a small distance. Oinnif^mes, np Broadway 
 TO various po nts, leave South, Wall street and 'Fulton fer- 
 ries, conspicuously lettered as to destinations. 
 
 Other objects of interest to those maldng longer so- 
 journ; the East Biver By'idge, now building between 
 New York and Brooklyn, and promising to be one 
 of the master-works of its class in the woiid; the 
 many large Ocean and B>ver Steamer's at their 
 wharves ; Views over the City, from high buildings ; 
 Governor's Idarid, head-quarters of the mili- 
 tary deparlrhent (reached by boat from South ferry); 
 the Navy Yard, Brooklyn (cars from Fulton Perry); j 
 the Penal and Charitable Institutions on Blackwell's, i 
 Randall's and Ward's Islands (under conirol of 
 Commissioners of Charities and Correction — build- 
 ing, Third avenue and Eleventh street) ; and a 
 variety of Asylums for orphans and the affl cted. 
 
 SUBURBS, DRIVES AND EXCURSIONS. 
 
 Or Drives and Short Excursions (by carriage), 
 the first favorite is that to the 
 
 Central Park, a large and admirable public i 
 ground, occupying nearly the centre of the Island, 
 extending in width from Eifth to Eighth avenue, 
 and in length from' Fifty-ninth to One-Hundred and 
 Tenth street, handsomely laid out, shaded and orna- 
 mented, Viith fine roads and costly bridges, and 
 
I^EW YOBR CITY. 
 
 61 
 
 lactiii^ only age to be equal to any public ground 
 in Europe. It lias a Lake, with boats (service) ; a 
 ^luseuin, with Zoological collection and many other 
 curiosities; a Casino, on the European plan; Publie 
 Carriages, making the round of the Park at short 
 intervals, for trifling fare: Statues of Shakspeare, 
 Humboldt, Schiller, Morse, Scott, Webster, Hal- 
 leck, &c. ; statuary groups of the Hunter and his 
 Dog,’' ‘'Auld Lang Syne;” and presents the feature 
 of Music by a fine band every Saturday afternoon 
 during the warm season, attracting immense con- 
 courses of people. In connection are also to be seen 
 the Croton Beceivinj Beservoirs, alleged to be of 
 size enough, and to contain water enough, to float 
 the navies of the world. [^Central Park may also be 
 reached by horse-cars from the City Hall, or from 
 most of the ferries (Belt road along either river), by 
 the Elevated Kailroad, &c.] Beyond, the drive by 
 carriage is often and profitably extended to the //ar- 
 lem and Bloomingdale Boads, or to High Beidge, an 
 aqueduct Bridge over the Harlem Hiver, of great 
 height and solidity; or to Jerome Park, new and 
 handsome trotting and racing ground of the Amer- 
 ican Jockey Club, beyond the Harlem River, in West- 
 chester. Another scarcely less fashionable drive is to 
 Prospect Park, the new but very handsome 
 public ground of Brooklyn, which bids fair to rival 
 if not to excel the Central, has a Lake, a Dairy Cot- 
 tage and Barn, a fine stretch of natural forest, an 
 elevated drive (the Ocean Parkway,”) statue of 
 
61a 
 
 BUOET-TRIP GUIDE. 
 
 President Lincoln (at entrance), busts of Washington 
 Irving, John Howard Payne, &c. Music by a fine 
 band, Saturday afternoons. [May also be reached 
 irom New York by Fulton ferry and by horse-cars 
 of Flatbush avenue line.] Near Prospect Park is to 
 be visited 
 
 Greemvood Cemetery, one of the largest and hand- 
 somest Cities of the Dead on the globe, with lakes, 
 rising grounds, fine shades, costly monuments, and 
 all the other melancholy attractions possible to be 
 flung around places of burial. Among the leading 
 features are the handsome sculptured Entrance Way; 
 the Firemen’s, Pilots’, Old Sea Captain’s, Canda, 
 Scribner, J. G. Bennett, Greely and Clarke monu- 
 ments; the tombs of William E. Burton, the comed- 
 ian, Lola Montez (with inscription, “ Eliza Gilbert”), 
 Crawfoid Livingston, &c. ; the vaults of Stephen 
 Whitney, William Niblo, &c. Most beautiful point 
 that at and around “ Sylvan Water;” finest views, 
 those from Ocean Hill” and “Battle Hill.” [May 
 also be reached from New York by Fulton Feriy and 
 horse-cars of th-; Greenwood or Fifth avenue lines.] 
 Service-carxiages for going through the cemetery, 
 may always be found at the entrance. Beyond Green- 
 wood and Prospect Park, the same drive may be 
 profitably extended to Proi^^yeet Park Pace Course, 
 and by grand new Ocean Parkway, to 
 
 Coney Island , — fine sea-beach, with excellent 
 bathing and great and improving popularity as a 
 riding and sailing resort for visitors. [May also 
 
JS^EW YOBK CITY, 
 
 G16 
 
 be readied from New York by Falton ferry, and 
 by Smith and Jay street horse-cars; or by either of 
 the horse-cai lines to Greenwood, thence by steam 
 to the beach; or by steamer from New York, several 
 times daily during season.] 
 
 Ocher Short Excursions will be those to ih^Brooh- 
 hjn Navy Yard, wdh extensive Dry Dock, Museum 
 of Marine Curiosities, and much of general interest 
 [horse-cars from Fulton ferry, ‘'‘Navy Yard”]; to 
 Fort HamiJlon, at the Narrows, junction of the 
 Upper and Lo ver bays, with for till cations and very 
 fine sea-view [drive, or may be reached by Fulton or 
 Hamilton ferry, and horse-cars] ; to Evergreen Ceme- 
 tery, East New York [drive, or Fulton ferry and 
 Pulton avenue horse-cars]; to Bockaway Beach 
 and Far Bockaway, picturesque line of coast on the 
 South side of L ng Island, celebrated for sailing, 
 fishing, and as a resort always cool even in the 
 hottest weather, owing to the breezes caused by 
 peninsular posidon, and once made famous by the 
 song commencing: 
 
 “ On old T^onof Island’s sea ofirt shore. 
 
 Many an hour I’ve while 1 away, 
 
 LisonuMir to the breakers’ roar, 
 
 Thai washed the beach ot Kockaway.” 
 
 [Perry from James Slio or Thirty-fourth street to 
 Hunter’s lor Lou r Island i.i;. iilrjad; or ferry 
 
 from foot ( f Grand s reet, East Kiver, lor South- 
 Side K.ciirocu; oi iiorse-cars to East New York fi'om 
 
SHORT^ TRIP H XIIB'E, 
 
 Fulton or South ferries, steam-oars to Canarsie and 
 boat to beach ; or, daily excursion boat from New 
 York] ; to Hoboken^ great base-ball and cricket 
 grounds^ and favorite German resort, across the Hud- 
 son, in New Jersey [ferry from Barclay street or 
 Christopher street] ; to Bergen Point, [drive or 
 hors.^-car from Jersey City, or train on New Jersey 
 Central Eailroad, from foot Liberty street] ; to Pat- 
 erson and Passaic Falls [train on Erie Railway, foot 
 Chambers or Twenty-third street: see route North 
 by Erie Railway]; to Newark, largest and most 
 thriving city in New Jersey [train on Pennsylvania 
 Railroad, foot of Cortlandt street; see route New 
 York to Piiiladelphia ; or Newark and New York 
 Railroad, foot Liberty street] ; to Elizabeth, New 
 Jersey [train on Pennsylvania Railroad, foot Cort- 
 landt street, or New Jersey Central, foot Liberty 
 street;] to Staten Islajid, {New Brighton, Sailors’ 
 Snug .Harbor, Port Richmond, Elm Park, &c., by 
 the North Shore boats, from the Battery every 
 hour; and Vanderbilt’s, Quarantine, Tompkins- 
 ville, Clifton, &c., by the East Shore boats, from 
 Battery or foot Dey street. 
 
 Longer excursions of interest, conveniently made 
 from New York, those to (1) 
 
 Lokg Bra^^^ch, great sea-shore resort on the 
 New Jersey coast, with several miles of tne bluff, 
 bold surf -bathing, admired sea-view, splendid drives 
 and excursions, and an immense number of sum- 
 mer hotels, capable of accommodating fifteen to 
 
NEW YORK CITY. Clc2 
 
 twenty thousand visitors (among the principal the 
 Ocean Hotel, West End, Mansion House, United 
 States, Brighton, Howland, Pavilion, &c.), and 
 a present popularity making it the most generally 
 sought and notable place on the American sea- 
 coast. It supplied the summer residence of Presi- 
 dent Grant, and has many cottages of the wealthy. 
 Near it are Eatoniown (with Monmouth Park Race 
 Ground in the immediate neighborhood), Red Bank, 
 Deal, and other villages of New Jersey. [Beached 
 by boats of the New Jersey Southern Bailroad, to 
 Sandy Hook (with government fortifications and en- 
 trance to the Lower Bay); thence rail, by the High- 
 lands of Navesink (fine elevation, with splendid sea- 
 air and view, and summer-boarding place of merit 
 and popularity — hotels, Thompson s, Jenkinson'sf Sea- 
 bright, &c., [the whole distance within sight of the 
 sea.] Or, by the new All-Bail Boute from New 
 York, from foot of Liberty st., by Central Bailroad 
 of New Jersey (Communipaw ferry), and Bah way, 
 to Perth Amboy, Keyport, Middletown, Bed Bank, 
 &c., to Long Branch. [From Long Branch rail- 
 way connection to Freehold, and thence to Trenton 
 and other cities of West New Jersey; or train may 
 be taken for Manchester, Tom^s River, and towns of 
 New Jersey further southward; to Atlantic City or 
 Philadelphia.] To (2) 
 
 Lake Mahopac, pleasant and very popular minor 
 watering-place, with handsome quiet wooded 
 scenery, islands, fine boating, sailing, fishing and 
 
Snom-TRIP GUIDE. 
 
 <jU 
 
 other attractions. Keached by Harlem Eailroad, in 
 a few hours, through the very fine scenery of that 
 line, at the lower edge of the Hurl son Highlands. 
 Hotels, the Gregory House, Baldwin House, &c* 
 To (3) 
 
 Sckooley’s M)untain {Heath House), mineral 
 springs and popular summer resort, with tine air 
 and charming scenery, in the minor mountains of 
 New Jersey; reached by the Morris and Essex Eail- 
 road, from foot of Barclay street, by Morristown, 
 one of the handsomest towns and most popular res- 
 idences in the State, to HackettMown, whence short 
 ride by stage-coach. Also, Budd's Lake, within a 
 few miles of the preceding, and reached by same 
 conveyances — with many attractions of boating, 
 fishing, &c. Also, Lake Ilopatcong, with similar 
 attractions to the place last named, reached by the 
 same rai road to St mhope or Dover, thence carriage 
 or boat to destination. To (4) 
 
 The Delawaee Water Gap {Kittaiinny and 
 Water Gap Houses) lying at one of the finest 
 passes of the Upoer Delaware, through and among 
 the mountains dividing Pennsylvania and New 
 Jersey, and with superb mountain and river scenery, 
 pure and healthful air, and much poj)ularity as a 
 place of summer resort. Has many features of es- 
 pecial woodhind beauty, in Rebecca's Well, Venus' 
 Bath and Eureka Falls, views from Prospert Rock, 
 Fox Hill, &c. [E, oin the Water G ip, continuing 
 
 by rail, may be reached Stroudsburg and the Lack- 
 
NEW YORK CITY, 6J/ 
 
 awanna Coal Regions of Pennsylvania ; or, south- 
 ward, Eastony Philadelphia, &c.] To (5) 
 
 Greenport, Orient, Babylon, Fire Island, &c,, minor 
 watering-places at the east end of Long Island ; and 
 to Jamaica and other places nearer. [Reached by 
 Long Island Railroad.] Also, to Glen Cove and 
 other near places on that Island, by boat. To (6) 
 West Point, by evening or morning boat or Hud- 
 son River railroad. [See route to West Point, Cats- 
 kills, Albany, &c., Route No. 1.] To (7) 
 
 New Haven, Conn. [See Route No. 4, p. 104. 
 By rail on that route, or daily boat on the Sound, 
 leaving Peck Slip every afternoon for that place 
 direct.] To (8) 
 
 Bridgeport, Norwalk, and other towns of Con- 
 necticut. [Rail as in Route No. 4.] To (9) 
 Hartfoud, capital of Conn. [Rail as in Route 
 No. 4, or by daily boat direct.] 
 
ROUTE No. 1. -NORTHERN. 
 
 NEW YORK TO NIAGARA FALLS AND CANADA, BY 
 HUDSON RIVER, NEW YORK CENTRAL 
 RAILWAY AND CONNECTIONS. 
 
 Division A. 
 
 NEW YORK TO AND AT WEST POINT AND HUDSON 
 HIGHLANDS. 
 
 The transit from New York to West Point and the 
 Highlands may be made in from two to four hours, 
 by (1) Hudson River Railroad to Garrison’s, thence 
 ferry to West Point; or by (2) morning boat on the 
 river, to West Point direct; or (3) evening boat on 
 the river, also direct. Either of the latter is prefer- 
 able to the former, for reasons hereafter to be given. 
 
 By Bail. 
 
 Leaving New York by rail, on Hudson River 
 Railroad, the first object of special interest, except 
 the high lands at and about Fort Washington, stud- 
 ded with fine residences, — is the crossing from 
 New York island to the main land of Westchester, at 
 Kingsbridge or Spmjtenduyvel; and on the oppo- 
 site or western side of the river, commence, at about 
 the same point. 
 
ROUTE NO. 1.~N0RTI1EBN. 
 
 63 
 
 The PmsADES, immense almost perpendicular 
 masses of rock, rising sheer from the river on that 
 side, ill shape suggesting the name, and continuing 
 at various heights of hundreds of feet, for some ten 
 miles, where they break away into rugged hills. 
 
 Beyond Spuytenduyvel, the first place of impor- 
 tance passed through is the handsome small town of 
 Yonkers; then Dobhs Ferry, with the long wharf of 
 the Erie Railway opposite, at Piermont, and a ferry 
 between; then Tarrytown (where the laying over of 
 a train may be well compensated in visiting ‘‘ Sunny- 
 side,” the late residence of Washington Irving, the 
 Major Andre Monument, &c., in the immediate 
 neighborhood); then Sing-Sing, with its strong 
 State-prison buildings, and on the opposite bank of 
 the river a view of the gorge running back to the 
 celebrated Rockland Lake, from which so much of 
 the best ice is derived. After leaving Sing-Sing, 
 very soon is crossed the Croton River, from works 
 on wL^ich and the lake of the same name, the New 
 York supply of water is derived. Shortly after 
 crossing the Croton, a mass of rocks, rising conically 
 and crowned with a light-house, on the other or 
 west side of the river, marks Stony Point, cele- 
 brated for the reckless courage displayed in its 
 capture by Gen. Wayne, during the Revolutionary 
 War. The next stopping-place of importance is 
 Peekskill, on leaving which the 
 
 Highlands of the Hudson are entered, pre- 
 senting their heavy and picturesque masses on both 
 
SHORT-TBIP GUIDE. 
 
 C4 
 
 sides of the river, and enchanting the eye with the 
 continual changes, appearances and disappearances 
 made inevitable by the course of the railway through 
 them. The disembarkation from the railway is made 
 at Garrison's Landing, whence ferry-boat and omni- 
 bus to the Military Academy or one of the hotels at 
 West Point. 
 
 By Steamboat. 
 
 Precisely the same features as those indicated by 
 rail, will be enjoyed by* boat, with the advantage of 
 both sides of the river being seen in lieu of one, and 
 the additional escaping of the noise inevitable in 
 riding by rail along rocky passes. When entering 
 the Highlands, however, the advantage of the boat 
 is even more manifest, as there is scarcely a river or 
 lake approach in the world, so magnificent as that 
 through the Highlands proper, from Peekskill to 
 West Point — fine as any one point of the Ehine, 
 and forcibly reminding the Tourist of the middle 
 and upper portions of Loch Lomond, approaching 
 and above Inversnaid. It is from boat on the river, 
 especially, that the alternating wild beauty and rug- 
 ged grandeur of the giants of the range, their feet at 
 the very water’s edge, can best be appreciated. 
 
 Morning boats, making this voyage, and then 
 going on up the Hudson to Albany, leave New York 
 every morning, at an early hour; and evening boats, 
 passing through the Highlands before nightfall, leave 
 every afternoon. 
 
 Disembarkation, from either, is made at Cozzens* 
 
ROUTE NO, 1.— NORTHERN, 
 
 65 
 
 or the Military Academy docks, at West Point ; 
 thence to the hotels by omnibus. 
 
 At and near West Point, 
 
 One of the principal attractions at West Point, 
 consists in the admirable views which can be enjoyed 
 either from Cozzens\ the fashionable hotel and sum- 
 mer resort, on the high cliffs below the Military 
 Academy, the Parry House, in the same vicinity, or 
 the West Point, above it, making quiet lounging a 
 continued luxury. This is not true of one direction 
 alone, but of all, the elevation being high and the 
 reaches of the river, above and below, singularly 
 beautiful. Of excursions, the most notable is to 
 
 Old Fort Putnam, ruins, with some portions of 
 solid wall remaining, lying on a hill westward from 
 the Academy. This fort must always retain its 
 interest, as the ‘‘Key of the Highlands” during 
 the Kevolutionary War, and the scene of Arnold’s 
 intended treason. The views from it, in all direc- 
 tions, too, are the very finest to be enjoyed in any 
 portion of the Highlands. An early visit will, of 
 course, be paid to the 
 
 United States Military Academy, which gives the 
 place its peculiar importance, and which ranks 
 among the first of military institutions, with some 
 features of severity attracting peculiar attention. 
 [Information as to modes and forms of visiting 
 can always be obtained at the leading hotels.] In 
 connection with the Academy comes the interesting 
 spectacle, 
 
m 
 
 SIIOBT-miP GTJIDK 
 
 Parade of the Cadets (morning and evening) — 
 whicli should not be missed — the evening especially, 
 by any who desire to see the perpendicular in car- 
 riage, the angular in motion, and the sharp in disci- 
 pline. 
 
 Pleasant excursions may also be made to Butter- 
 milk Falls, in the neighborhood ; and across the 
 river to Cold Spring, and to the Bohinson House, 
 standing four or five miles south from it, where 
 Arnold resided at the time of his treason. Near 
 Cold Spring may also be seen JJndercliff, residence 
 of the late Gen. Geo. P. Morris, the poet. 
 
 Division B. 
 
 WEST POINT TO AND AT THE CATSKILL MOUNTAINS. 
 
 Northward from West Point, by steamboat on the 
 way towards Albany, from the wharf ; or rail from 
 Garrison’s Station, opposite. Assuming that the 
 boat will be taken, and remembering that if pro- 
 ceeding by rail the variation of scene will be very 
 slight — the following will be the most important 
 features, beyond West Point. Emerging from the 
 Highlands proper, and passing '' Cro’nest ” and 
 Storm King,” the largest hills of the range, 
 and also Cornwall Landing on the left, with much 
 beauty and picturesque scenery in the neighborhood 
 (among other attractions. Idle wild, residence of the 
 late N. P. Willis), and Fishkill Landing on the 
 right, is shortly reached, on the left, 
 
ROUTE NO, NORTHERN 
 
 67 
 
 Newbukgh, very slopingly situated on the high 
 bank, with large river-trade, an important railway 
 connection westward to the Erie road, and one> 
 feature of great importance • on the bluff below : 
 Washington's Head- Quarter s, a revolutionary relic 
 of prominence, with many reminders of the struggle. 
 Chief Hotel, the United States. Above Newburgh, 
 though the river is fine, there is no feature of 
 marked interest, until, at the right, is reached 
 
 Poughkeepsie, a large town with some pictur- 
 esqueness of location, and a triple distinction com- 
 pounded of its heavy river-trade in agricultural 
 products, the manufacture of ale, and the proximity 
 of the noted Vassar Female College. 
 
 Within a few miles after leaving Poughkeepsie, 
 the rough scenery is supplemented and completed 
 by the breaking into view, far ahead and to the left^ 
 of the 
 
 CatsMll Mountain Range, which thenceforth 
 scarcely leaves the eye of the tourist until arrival 
 — so graceful is the outline, and so beautifully blue 
 the general aspect. Minor landings of Hyde Park, 
 etc., are passed, to 
 
 Rhinehechy on the right, where landing is made for 
 Rondout and Kingston, on the opposite side (con- 
 nection by ferry), and for 
 
 The Overlook Mountain (House burned, but very . 
 soon to be re-erected) at great height on the 
 southern portion of Jthe Catskills, and commanding 
 a most magnificent view, especially eastward and 
 
JSHOET-TRIP GUIDE. 
 
 southward. Also with many attractive features in 
 the neighborhood, in the DeviVs Kitchen, Cleft in tht 
 Rocks, Pulpit Bock, Overlook Cliff, &c. Also, at a lit- 
 tle distance. Shoe Lake, a beautiful and attractive 
 sheet of water. [Eeached from Ehinebeck by ferry 
 to Bondout, thence by rail to West Hurlexj ; thence 
 by stage-coach, by the Sawkill Creek and Woodstock, 
 to destination. May also be reached by evening 
 boat, direct from New York to Eondout, thence as 
 before.] 
 
 Beyond Ehinebeck are passed Barrytown and 
 other landings on the right, Malden and others on 
 the left, to 
 
 Catshill Landing, point of disembarkation for the 
 Mountains, and of crossing from Oak Hill Station^ 
 for those who have come up by the rail. Also, 
 popular summer resort, at the Prospect Park House, 
 immediately above, with fine grounds and admirable 
 view; at the Powell House (posting-house for the 
 mountains, on the wharf) &c. [Oatskill Lauding 
 may also be reached by evening boat from New York 
 direct, and direct connection made for the moun- 
 tains.] 
 
 From Oatskill Landing by stage-coach, always in 
 waiting for boats and trains, by Oatskill Village, the 
 ^ Half- Way House, and at one-third distance of the 
 ascent of the Mountains proper, the Rip Van- Winkle 
 House, with a broad flat rock beside it, on which 
 tradition alleges the sleep of Irving’s hero to have 
 taken place. Views over the Hudson Valley are very 
 fine, before reaching the 
 
ROUTE NO, l.-^NORTHEm. 
 
 69 
 
 CaisMll Mountain House^ among the highest of 
 dll American places of eastern sojourn, and in many 
 regards the superior of all others on the continent, as 
 to situafion. The yiew from the house, over the 
 Hudson river and valley, is wonderfully extensive 
 and beautiful ; and Sunrise^ as seen from the piazza, 
 is scarcely second to the same spectacle from the 
 famous Swiss Ehigi. Of excursions, there are many 
 and most pleasing. The most interesting (longer 
 ones by carriage, always in readiness) follow. To 
 KautersMll Falls^ wild and romantic basin, with 
 two cascades, of 180 and 80 feet, and picturesque in 
 every aspect, above and below, besides being sur- 
 rounded by wild and grand mountain and ravine 
 scenery, and views of High Peak and Round To]),, 
 the two giants of the range, obtainable from different 
 points. (The Laurel House, a popular place of so- 
 journ, standing at near the verge of the falls, affords 
 residence to the many who wish to study the splen- 
 did scenery in this immediate neighborhood). To 
 the LaJces, small sheets of water, lying in primeval 
 wildness ; short walk from the Mountain House, oi 
 on the way to the Falls. Through the Clove, one ot 
 the most remarkable mountain clefts in the world, 
 from Palensville towards Hunter, with views of the 
 beautiful Faion^s Leap Fall, To Plauterlcill and 
 Stony Cloves. To Parker's Ledge, overlooking the 
 > Clove. To Moses" and Sunset Bocks. To the tops 
 of the South Mountain, North Mountain, etc. To 
 the top of High Peak, laborious ascent, but with 
 magnificent view, etc. 
 
70 
 
 SHOBT-TBIP GUIDE. 
 
 Division C. 
 
 CATSKILL MOUNTAINS TO AND AT ALBANY AND 
 TKOY. , 
 
 Leave Oatskill by rail from Oak Hill Station ; or 
 by boat from New York from Catskill Landing; 
 making landing at 
 
 Hudson, on the east side of the river, a large 
 and thriving town, with considerable manufactures. 
 [Point of departure for Lebanon Springs and the 
 Shaker Village connected with them; as also for 
 Colnmhia Springs ; both minor watering-places of 
 salubrious situation and increasing popularity. 
 Also, railway connection east for Boston.] From 
 Hudson, through scenery much tamer than along 
 the Lower Hudson — past Athens (whence there is a 
 railway to Albany), Coxsaclcie, New Baltimore^ etc., 
 on the left; and Stuyvesant^ Kinderhooh (residence 
 of the late President Martin Van Buren), Castleion^ 
 etc., on the right — to 
 
 Albany, Capital of the State of New York, some- 
 what picturesquely situated on rising ground, on the 
 west bank of the Hudson, with Greenbush opposite; 
 the river spanned by a railway-bridge of recent 
 erection and a certain celebrity on account of the 
 opposition made to it by the residents of Troy, 
 ^Higher up the stream. It has great commercial 
 importance, as the virtual head of sailing-vessel 
 navigation northward ; as a heavy lumber and tim- 
 ber depot ; and especially as the point at which the 
 
BOUTE NO, \.->NOBTHEBN 
 
 71 
 
 immense carrying-trade of the Erie and Champlain 
 Canals enters the Hudson. 
 
 The buildings best worth a visit and observation 
 are the Capitol (now being replaced by a much finer 
 erection), with the Senate and Assembly Chambers 
 (legislative sessions from 1st January to 1st April) ; 
 the State ZfJrarjr, adjoining ; the State House, with 
 government offices ; the Dudley Observatory, rapidly 
 assuming position as one of the first institutions of 
 the kind in the country; the State Arsenal; the 
 University ; the Medical College (with Museum) . 
 the City Hall; State Normal School, &c. Eides 
 from Albany are many and attractive — especially to 
 the Cemetery (one of the handsomest in the State), 
 to Cohoes Falls, Lansingburgh, and other handsome 
 and thriving villages at practicable distance, and to 
 some one of the ShaTcer Villages lying northward — 
 at the latter of which (as at Lebanon), the most odd 
 and peculiar of all forms of worship may be encoun- 
 tered. Leading hotels at Albany, the Delavan, Stan- 
 vnx Hall, Congress Hall, &c. 
 
 From Albany, by street-car, omnibus or boat to 
 
 Troy, some eight miles up the rapidly-diminishing 
 river from the Capital, where will be found nearly a 
 rival of the latter in size and population, its superior 
 in beauty of location, and not only a fiourishing 
 town in general manufactures, but one of the most 
 extensive lumber and timber depots in the world. 
 It lies on both sides of the river— the eastern portion 
 called by the common name, and the western, West 
 
72 
 
 8H0BT-TRIP OXIIDE. 
 
 Troy. There is much manufacturiug, of various 
 j heavy kinds in both divisions, but especially in West 
 Troy, where street-cars, stoves and oilcloths are 
 among the principal articles, while at the Watervliei 
 Arsenal (United States government) the founding 
 of small arms and munitions of war is carried or 
 very extensively. Troy has also additional promt 
 nence from the junction of the Northern, Westerr 
 and Eastern lines of railway, here occurring ; it ha^ 
 some churches of prominence {St. John and St 
 Paul, the principal)— the Rensselaer Pohjtechnic In 
 stitute, and the Female Seminary, both popular ii 
 management and extensive in influence. Two sligh 
 eminences, near the town, bear the ridiculously 
 classical names of Mt. Ida and Mt. Olympus j anc 
 there are two pretty cemeteries — Oakwood anc 
 Mount Ida. From Troy, also, may be conveniently 
 reached, by carriage or other conveyance, Oolioes 
 Lansingburgh, &c. 
 
 Divisioii D. 
 
 NEW YORK TO ALBANY OR TROY BY NIGHT-BOAT. 
 
 Those who have before made the passage of th 
 Hudson from New York to Albany by daylight; o 
 those who intend to return by some day-route, an< 
 so do not wish to consume time or experience fatigu 
 on the route northward before reaching Albany — wil 
 be able to make the transit, so far as the latte 
 place, by night-steamers on the Hudson, leavin. 
 
ROUTE NO, l.—NOBTHERW. 
 
 New York at 6 P. M., finding luxurious accommoda- 
 tion for eating and sleeping, on board, and reaching 
 Albany or Troy at so early an hour in the morning 
 as to ensure connection with the trains for either the 
 Northern, Western or Eastern routes. 
 
 For this transit two lines present themselves : the 
 People’s Line (New Jersey Steamboat Company), in 
 the very large and splendid boats of which the full 
 luxury of American river-navigation is seen; and 
 the Citizens’ Line (the Troy Citizens’ Steamboat 
 Company), displaying less splendor though supply- 
 ing strong and efficient boats, and making a special- 
 ty of reduced prices as compared with the People’s 
 Line. 
 
 Going by either of these lines, in the long days of 
 midsummer, a considerable portion of the scenery of 
 the lower Hudson is passed ‘through before the dis- 
 appearance of daylight; and if time at or near the 
 full moon can be chosen, the sail under such cir- 
 cumstances through the Hudson Highlands affords 
 aspects of peculiar beauty not otherwise attainable. 
 
 Division E, 
 
 ; albajty or troy to akd at trekton falls. 
 
 t The New York Central Eailroad will be taken at 
 'either Albany or Troy, bending westward, up the 
 rery handsome though narrow 
 *1 Valley of the Mohawh, considered one of the finest 
 tin America for tracts of quiet beauty in scenery; 
 
74 
 
 SHORT-TRIP GUIDE. 
 
 and often within sight of that wonderful enterprise 
 in original construction and present capacity of con- 
 veyance, the 
 
 Erie Canals which crosses the Avhole State between 
 Lake Erie, at Buffalo, and the Hudson, at Albany ; 
 —by Schenectady, a quiet little old town, principally 
 celebrated as having been the scene of a dreadful 
 conflagration and massacre by the Indians, during 
 the Eevolutionary War. [Railway branches here for 
 Saratoga, Lake George, Lake Champlain and Mon- 
 treal, for those who prefer.] From Schenectady, by 
 minor stations of Fonda ; Palatine Bridge [point of 
 disembarkation for Sharon Springs, reached hence 
 by coach] ; Fort Plain [whence coach conveyance i 
 to Otsego Lake, Cooperstoim (residence of the late 
 Fenimore Cooper) and Cherry Valley '] ; Little Falls 
 (where particular attention is due to the wondrous 
 river-and-rock scenery of the pass on the left) ; and 
 Herkimer — ^to 
 
 Utica, one of the flourishing large towns of Cen- 
 tral New York, and Capital of Oneida County. It 
 is pleasantly situated on rising ground on the south 
 side of the Mohawk River, and is surrounded by 
 very fertile lands, from which proceeds, at the hands 
 of the Welsh and other residents, one of the principal 
 cheese-manufactures of the country. The town stands 
 on the site of old Fort Schuyler, of Revolutionary 
 fame; is an entrepot of both the New York Central 
 Railroad and Erie Canal ; and has a peculiar though 
 melancholy attraction in the large and well-managed 
 
BOUTE NO. l.—NOBTHEBN. 
 
 75 
 
 State L-unaHc Asylum. Drives around Utica are 
 numerous and excellent. Prominent hotels at Utica, 
 Baggs^ and the American. 
 
 Lay over at Utica one day or more, and proceed, 
 either by carriage direct, or by cars of the Utica and 
 Black River Railroad to South Trenton and Trenton 
 Falls Station (thence by omnibus), to 
 
 TREKTOiq- Falls, on West Canada Creek, branch 
 of the Mohawk River — a series of cascades unexcelled 
 in the world for picturesque beauty. The principal 
 falls are five in number, successively, passing up the 
 stream,' the Sherman Fall^ High Fall, Mill-Dam 
 Fall, Alhambra Fall and Rocky Heart. To appre- 
 ciate and enjoy them thoroughly, the tourist needs 
 to descend the bank, by stairway, to the rocky level 
 at the bottom, as far as practicable, and pass up 
 along the left bank, on an irregular line of shelf- 
 path, easily found, and presenting little difficulty 
 and no danger to the careful. The rock-strata of 
 this remarkable gorge will excite mingled wonder 
 and admiration, — as will the really unique collection 
 of fossils and crystals found in the neigborhood and 
 kept on view at Moore^s Hotel, near the Falls. Re- 
 turning from the extreme point reached, to below 
 the Mill-Dam Fall, the stairway should be ascended, 
 
 ^ to the Rural Retreat, to view the High Fall from 
 J above — and way taken back to tlie Hotel through;, 
 the fine woods. Return to Utica for pursuance of 
 route northward. 
 
70 
 
 8H0BT-TBIP GUIDE. 
 Division F. 
 
 TREITTOK FALLS AKD UTICA TO NIAGAEA FALLS. 
 
 Leave Utica by rail on New York Central Eail- 
 road, to 
 
 Eome, a thriving town, also on the Mohawk 
 Eiver and the Erie Canal. [Here, those who wish 
 to proceed more directly to the St. Lawrence and 
 Canada, may take Eome, Watertown and Ogden s- 
 burgh Kailroad, to Watertown^ for crossing to Kings- 
 ton and the Grand Trunk Line in either direction — 
 or to OgdenshurgJi^ for crossing to Prescott and 
 nearest route to Ottawa]. Eome, continuing by New 
 York Central, to 
 
 Syeacuse, large and flourishing town of Onon- 
 daga County, at the junction of the Erie and Oswego 
 Canals, with an immense production of salt from 
 the Salt-wells, and the peculiar celebrity of having 
 long been the favorite place for j^olitical conven- 
 tions. It is pleasantly situated at the south end 
 of Onondaga Lake. [Eailway connection, here, 
 southward by the Syracuse and Binghamton Eail- 
 road, to Binghamton and the Erie Eailway ; and 
 northward to Oswego, on the shore of Lake Ontario, 
 with steamer connection to Canadian ports and down 
 the St. Lawrence. Branch line of the New York 
 Central may also be taken, at Syracuse, diiect to 
 Buffalo, by 
 
 Aubuek, flourishing town on Cayuga Lake, and 
 capital of Cayuga County, where one of the Newjf 
 
EOUTE NO. l.^NOBTHERN. 
 
 77 
 
 York State Prisons is located, and where Secretary 
 Seward has long resided — by Cayuga, Geneva, Can^ 
 andaigua (whence branch lines to Rochester and 
 southward to the Erie Railway ^at Elmira), Cale- 
 donia, LeRoy and Batavia.'] 
 
 By main line, from Syracuse, by Clyde, Lyons 
 and Palmyra, to 
 
 Rochester, on the Genesee River, one of the 
 largest towns of Northern New York, and one of 
 the most prosperous. It has a great natural curi- 
 osity, in Genesee Falls, a single cataract of eminence, 
 in jumping from which /* Sam Patch,^^ the leaper, 
 lost his life, many years ago. Artificially, its lead- 
 ing attractions are the great Erie Canal Aqiiedtict 
 over the Genesee ; the Rochester University and 
 Theological Seminary ; Mount Hope Cemetery ; St. 
 Mary^s Hospital, etc. [Railway connection south- 
 ward to the Erie Railway, at Corning; also by rail 
 to Charlotte, on the lake shore, w'hence boats to all 
 points on Lake Ontario]. Leading hotels, the Os- 
 horn. Congress, Brackett, &c. 
 
 From Rochester, by New York Central, by Brock- 
 port, Albion, Medina, and Lockport (point of en- 
 trance into the Erie Canal, from Lake Erie), to 
 Niagara (village), and ^ 
 
 Niagara Falls, first natural curiosity of America 
 and admittedly among the first in the world. 
 
SEOBT-TRIF GUWK 
 Division G. 
 
 AT AKD ABOUT NIAGARA. 
 
 Most students of geography, even those who have 
 never traveled, know that the Falls of Niagara lie 
 between the State of New York, and Canada, and 
 that they are formed by the rushing through the 
 comparatively narrow pass of the Niagara River, 
 over a curved shelf of uneven rocks, of all the mighty 
 mass of water going eastward from Lake Erie to 
 Lake Ontario ; and to a smaller number of non. 
 visitors are known the additional facts that the 
 Morse-Shoe Fall (Canadian side) is 1,800 feet across; 
 that Goat Island, separating the two, is 500 feet in 
 width ; that the American Fall is only 900 feet in 
 width; that the average depth of descent is esti- 
 mated to be about 160 feet; and that the enormous 
 amount of 100,000,000 tons of water is believed to 
 pass over the ledge every hour— nearly 1,500,000 
 tons every minute, and about 25,000 tons every 
 second or beat of the pulse ! Beyond this, no addi- 
 tional statistics need be given, except that the banks 
 of the river, below the falls, have a perpendicular 
 height of about 180 feet, and that the mass of water, 
 below, all the way to the Whirlpool, is compressed 
 into an average space of about 480 feet of width. 
 
 It is scarcely necessary to say that days of sojourn 
 at the Falls are desirable, to see them in all their 
 varying aspect and become fully acquainted with 
 aieir beauty (often underrated) as well their gran- 
 
ROUTE NO. 1 .— NORTHERN. 79 
 
 deur. The short-trip traveler, Iiowever, will be 
 better served than otherwise, with a brief statement 
 of the points of view most absolutely necessary and 
 most conveniently attained. Of these are (1) that 
 Over the Rapids— Vm-w caught in passing from the 
 neighborhood of the Cataract House, by the fragile- 
 looking but perfectly-secure bridge, to Goat Island. 
 It is doubtful whether the cataract itself is more im- 
 pressive than this mad rush of waters, threatening to 
 sweep away the beholder at any instant, and sug- 
 gestingall the images of beautiful rage and fury. (3), 
 ^ Froin Goat Island, over the Canadian Fall, the 
 Canada shore and the lower rapids — with the shape 
 ■Jf the horseshoe fully defined, and the rainbow al- 
 nost constant during fine weather. (3), 
 
 From New Observatory, below the American Fall, 
 and near the Inclined Railway, with stained glass for 
 efiects, &c. Eeaehed from Prospect Park, in rear of 
 Intern ation al House. From Inclined Kailwav, Ferry 
 to Canada side, ( 4 ), " ^ 
 
 From Prospect Point, (within the Prospect Park,) 
 on the American side, giving the American Fall al- 
 most at the feet, and the Canadian Fall and shore 
 broadly opposite. (5), 
 
 ^ From lender the American Fall, down-river side, 
 maching that point by descent of steps or Inclined 
 Railwaij, from Prospect Point. Prom no other 
 point of view can the impression of the broken 
 bright water really falling from the clouds, be caught 
 m such enchanting perfection. (6), 
 
80 
 
 mOBT-TRIP GUIDE. 
 
 From the River, crossing the lower rapids by boat, 
 and looking np to the Falls from the greatest attain- 
 able depth below them. (7), 
 
 From the Suspension Bridges, especially the npper 
 
 and smaller one, near the Falls. (8), 
 
 From the Clifton Ledge, in front of the Clifton 
 House, on the Canadian side— the American Fall 
 being seen from this point to perhaps even better 
 advantage, and the whole ensemble of the Falls bet- 
 ter caught, than even in the view (9), 
 
 From Table Bock, higher up on the Canadian 
 side, immediately at the verge and edge of the Horse 
 Shoe Fall, always a favorite with experienced . vist 
 tors, and from which point the view in Church’s 
 great picture was taken. Descent 
 
 Under the Falls may be made, by those who hav( 
 taste for that style of adventure— either by goins 
 down the Biddle Staircase, from Goat Island (unde 
 American Fall and to the Cave of tlie "Winds'), or th 
 staircase at Table Eock (under Canadian Fall, t 
 Termination Rock). Neither of these descents shoul 
 be made, however, without due preparation of watei 
 proof clothing (kept on hand at both points named; 
 and the services of a capital guide. 
 
 Lunar Island, joined by a bridge to Goat Islaii 
 on the right, should be visited, in sunlight to S6 
 the Rainbow of the Falls in greatest perfection an( 
 in moonlight, if the time of visit so serves, in tt 
 chance of seeing that most wonderful of spectacle 
 the Lunar rainbow. 
 
ROUTE NO. NORTHERN 81 
 
 The Sister Islands (fcliree) are now connected with 
 Goat Island and with each other, by strong and 
 I handsome suspension-bridges; and no visitor to the 
 Falls should fail to go out on each of them, for the 
 I unequalled view of the Upper Kapids thus to be 
 i. obtained. That from the extreme outward one is 
 ; perhaps the finest of all. 
 
 The Whirlpool and Whirlpool Rapids, three miles 
 : below the Palls, on the American side (elevator to 
 I iescend to the river-side, at the latter), show some 
 i of the most terrible rushes of water in the world, 
 md also the outlet, beyond, into the deep-banked 
 I river. 
 
 I: Other Spots to be profitably visited at and near 
 I die Falls, may be named 
 
 p Grand Island, very large island, above (reached 
 j’ly ferry) notable as the spot where Major Mordecai 
 ! il. Noah, of New York, some fifty years ago com- 
 f nenced to build what he believed to be the City of 
 I Kestoration of the Jews. (Monument commemora- 
 i^^ave, still remaining) ; 
 
 f Burning Spring, within a short walk above the 
 I' alls, on die Canada side, showing some rare phe- 
 ; lomena in liquid combustion ; 
 
 1 Lundy’s Lane (Canada side — carriage), scene of 
 I he Battle of Chippewa (1812), with observatories f 
 t-nd many stories of that battle; ^ 
 
 I Queenston and Lewiston, opposite towns on the 
 I Niagara Eiver, seven or eight miles below the Falls; 
 
 . he former (Canada side) with a handsome monu- 
 
83 
 
 SHORT- TBIP GUIDE. 
 
 ment to the English General Brock, who fell here in 
 1812. Prominent hotels at Niagara, the Interna^ 
 tional, Cataract and Park Place, on the American 
 side ; and the Clifton, on the Canada side. 
 
 [From Niagara (Suspension Bridge) through 
 Canada, by Great Western Eailway, to Detroit, 
 Chicago, and the West (including California) ; or, 
 Niagara to Buffalo, and West by the Lake Shore 
 Eailroad ; or, by the Grand Trunk, to Toronto, 
 Ottawa, Montreal, and other Canadian cities; or, 
 rail to Kingston, and thence boat to and down the 
 Eiver St. Lawrence to Montreal, etc. [See Cana- 
 dian routes.] 
 
ROUTE NO. 2.-N0RTHERN. 
 
 ITEW YORK TO BUFFALO, NIAGARA FALLS AND 
 CJkNADA, BY THE ERIE RAILWAY. 
 
 Leave New York (by morning train, for enjoy- 
 ment of Delaware and Susquehanna scenery) by 
 ferry from foot Chambers St., or foot 23d St, to 
 Long Dock at Pavouia (New Jersey), midway be- 
 tween the towns of Hoboken and Jersey City — the 
 immense range of wharf commanding admiration for 
 the enterprize which has created the whole from 
 tide- water and useless marsh; and its importance 
 for a short time added to, as the site of the piers 
 and houses of the White Star Line of Steamers to 
 Liverpool, now removed. 
 
 From Long Dock, by rail, on the Erie Eailway : 
 the first point of interest after departure being 
 the 
 
 Bergen Tunnel^ through the West Bergen Hills, 
 reached within a few moments after leaving the 
 wharf, three-quarter mile in length, and considered a 
 most costly and elaborate piece of engineering, until 
 dwarfed by recent examples in the same line. Be- 
 yond, the first town of any importance passed 
 through, is 
 
 Paterson, New Jersey, capital of Passaic County, 
 in that State; the town presenting many interesting 
 
84 
 
 SHOBT^TRIP GUIDE, 
 
 features in manufactures and industry. Paper, cot- 
 ton, silk and other fabrics are extensively produced ; 
 and iron and steel working have even more promi- 
 nence. The Ivanhoe Paper Mills, here, are the most 
 extensive in the country ; Paterson foundries boast 
 of being able to produce steamship-shafts and other 
 heavy irons, of greater size than any others in Ame- 
 rica; and two of the most successful and notable of 
 the establishments for the manufacture of locomo- 
 tive engines, in the world, are located here— those of 
 Grant, and of the Rogers Co., of whom the former 
 won the great gold medal at the French Exposition 
 ot 1867, for the splendid locomotive America,” 
 Within the boundaries of the town are also to be 
 seen the 
 
 Passaic Falls, on the river of the same name — 
 well worthy the tourist’s attention, from the peculiar 
 character of the chasm into which the river leaps, 
 and the rock-scenery in the vicinity. Beyond Pater- 
 son, the scenery, which has so far been tame, rough- 
 ens and becomes better worthy of notice, as the hills 
 of Grange County begin to break into view; and 
 thenceforth, for a long distance, it may be said that 
 the Erie road is one of the most picturesque in 
 America — a marvel of wild natural beauty in sur- 
 roundings, as well as of enterprize in engineering. 
 At 
 
 Sufferris Station [junction with the old road, 
 now used for freight only, to Pierniont, on the Hud 
 son], commences the fine scenery of the 
 
BOUTE NO, 2,--N0BTB:EBN 
 
 85 
 
 Ramapo Mountains, Gap and Valley, scene of 
 many of General Washington’s warlike operations; 
 and the country around and beyond, entering Orange 
 County, in the State of New York, equally cele- 
 brated for the wonderful richness of its dairy pro- 
 ducts — the noted Orange County milk and iutter. 
 
 At Sloatsl)U7'g, stage may be taken to Greenwood 
 Lake, a rural summer resort of much beauty and 
 some popularity. 
 
 At Greycourt occurs the junction with another 
 and now more important branch of the line — that to 
 Newburgh, on the Hudson. Also, connection to 
 favorite watering-place, Greenwood Lake. At 
 
 Goshen, connection with Montgomery and Wal- 
 kill Valley Branch, for Kingston and Eondout* 
 Soon after is reached 
 
 Middletown, largest town of Orange Co., with much 
 industry, extensive iron-works, an academy, and a 
 surrounding country at once fertile and picturesque. 
 Beyond Middletown soon comes into view the mag- 
 nificent scenery and bold engineering operations con- 
 nected with the great 
 
 Shawangunk Mountain, the passage around which, 
 by railway, was once deemed impossible. Prom this 
 point, alternate rock cuttings of great depth and 
 length, and magnificent views over the Neversink 
 Valley and into the wild gorges of the Upper Dela- 
 ware (river), of which the first comprehensive views 
 are caught shortly before reaching 
 
 Port Jei'vis, a village picturesquely situated among 
 the mountains, at the point of junction of three 
 
86 
 
 SHOBT^TRIP GUIDE. 
 
 States — New York, New Jersey and Pennsylvania, 
 and once enjoying evil repute from the facility with 
 which doubtful characters residing there could quiet 
 ly change their State and thus baffle the officers of 
 justice. It is now a place of limited summer resort 
 and the end of the first or Eastern Division of the 
 Erie road. \^Falls of the SaioMll^ fine cascades, six 
 miles distant, by carriage or stage-coach.] 
 
 Beyond Port Jervis the tourist enjoys fine views 
 of the Delaware and Hudson Canal, in full opera- 
 tion; and then comes the yet wilder scenery of the 
 Upper Delaware, the road running in many places 
 closely along its high rocky banks, and the en- 
 gineering of the whole line at this section worthy of 
 being remembered beside that of the Ehone Valley 
 road among the heights of Jura, and that of the 
 road through the Apennines between Bologna and 
 Elorence. At near Shohola, perhaps the finest and 
 wildest portion of the railway scenery is passed; 
 though the views approaching and leaving Lacka- 
 waxen should by no means be lost. Passing Mast 
 Hope, Narrowsburg, Callicoon (the latter and indeed 
 all the places lately named, great headquarters for 
 trout-fishermen and mountain-sportsmen generally) 
 and Hancock, 
 
 At Deposit (formerly dinner-station) farewell is bid- 
 den to Delaware Eiver. Beyond this point the grade 
 is somewhat heavy and the ascent slow, until the top 
 of the ridge is reached, after which follows corres- 
 pondingly rapid descent for a certain distance. Not 
 
BOUTE NO. 2.—N0BTUEBN. 
 
 87 
 
 long after commencement of the descent, is crossed 
 the once celebrated 
 
 Cascac7e Bridge^ with a single arch over a ravine 
 nearly two hundred feet in depth (now chang'^ed to 
 a high embankment) ; and here begin to be caught 
 wonderful views over the lovely Valley of the Susque- 
 hanna and the fine Elver of that nam^. Very soon 
 afcer is crossed the 
 
 St'arucca Viaduct, a splendid stone structure some 
 1,200 feet in length and about 120 feet in height — 
 considered one of the noblest railway bridges on the 
 Continent, while the scenery from and around it is 
 wondrously lovely and attractive. Still another 
 high crossing is made over a fine wooden trestle 
 bridge, at LaneslorougJi ; and then is reached 
 
 Susquehanna, now dinner- station and the end of 
 the second or Delaware division of the road, as well 
 as noted for engine-work and other heavy manufac- 
 tures. Only a few miles beyond is reached 
 
 Great Bend, another important railway station, 
 and the point of intersection with this road, of the 
 Delaware, Lackawanna and Western Eoad, from the 
 Coal Kegions of Pennsylvania. [Near Kirkwood, 
 next station beyond, may be seen an old wooden 
 house possessing a certain interest as the place of 
 birth of the first Morman prophet, Joe Smith]. The 
 next place of importance reached is 
 Bi:i^anAMTOir, handsomely situated at the junc- 
 tion of the Susquehanna and Chenango rivers, and 
 deriving its name from an early settler, Mr. Bing- 
 
88 
 
 SHORT- TBIP GUIDE, 
 
 ham, ancestor on one side of the present noble 
 English banking family, the Ashburton-Barings. 
 Site of the New York State Inelriate Asylum; 
 and a thriving and healthful town. [Connection 
 with the New York Central Eailroad, by the Syra- 
 cuse and Binghamton road.] The next important 
 station is 
 
 OiuegOy a large and handsome village, on creek of 
 the same name, with Glenmary, old residence of 
 N. P. Willis, near it. [Connection, northward, by 
 rail, to 
 
 Ithaca^ handsome town at the head (or south 
 end), of Cayuga Lake, seat of Cornell University, 
 and with much fine scenery in the neighborhood, 
 among which may be noted no less than fifteen 
 waterfalls, varying from 30 to 160 feet in height, 
 and five of them of 100 feet or more. Very hand- 
 some excursions may be made on Cayuga Lake, 
 from Ithaca; or branch rail pursued to Auburn 
 and the New York Central road; or a charming 
 drive taken across country to. the head of Seneca 
 Lake, Watkins, and Watkins Glen (see following).] 
 
 Pursuing route on Erie road, from Ithaca, some 
 half dozen stations beyond is reached 
 
 Elmira, another chief town of Western New 
 York, on the Chemung Eiver, with handsome 
 scenery, and much thrift and prosperity. [Connec- 
 tions, northward, directly with Niagara F/dls, by 
 the Northern Central road of Pennsylvania; south- 
 ward, to Harrisburgh, Philadelphia, &c., by the 
 same road; and northward by same road to 
 
BOUTE NO. 2.--N0BTHEBN. 
 
 
 Watlcvis, pleasant village at the head of Seneca 
 Lake, Avith fine outlook over it, and interesting 
 excursions from it, by Avater or land; and to 
 Watkiks Glek, only for a feAV^ years knoAvn to 
 the body of travelers, but noAV Avith assured promi- 
 nence as among the true AV'onders of the American 
 Continent, and already attracting large numbers of 
 visitors from all lands. It has some of the charac- 
 teristics of both Trenton Falls and the Flume at 
 the Franconia Notch of the White Mountains, 
 Avith others especially its OA 7 n. As technically de- 
 scribed, the most notable feature is found in a deep 
 ravine or chasm in the hills, through Avhich a stream 
 braAvls and struggles in its A 7 ay to the plain below. 
 In some places the sides of the gorge are not more 
 than twenty feet apart, and rise to a sheer height 
 of two hundred feet. Again they Afiden, forming 
 *a vast amphitheatre four or five hundred feet apart 
 and as many high, and a quarter of a mile in length, 
 with a level floor on which the Avater spreads out 
 in acres, with a depth of tAA^o or three inches. In 
 another place, a steep staircase, almost perpendicu- 
 lar, crosses the ravine in the face of a lofty cascade, 
 having a huge well at its base, of unknown depth, 
 into which the water plunges with great noise and 
 violence. Again, over another fall is formed a beau- 
 tiful rainbow. Another place is filled with deep 
 pools, and another has a sloping water-way of 
 smoothly worn rock, down which the stream rushes 
 with force literally overwhelming and irresistible, j 
 
SHOET-TBIP OmDE. 
 
 m 
 
 Says a late writer, of coming out from the Glen : 
 
 Directly below us is the village, with its straight 
 avenues and streets and an abundance of shrub- 
 bery and trees. Stretching away for thirty miles in 
 front is the Seneca, one of the most beautiful lakes 
 in the world. Its width at its southern extremity 
 is about one mile, and its length thirty- six. At 
 some points the width is five or six miles. Some 
 of the most noticeable features of this lake are its 
 great depth — in places nearly a thousand feet ; the 
 entire absence of islands; the extreme coldness 
 of its waters in summer, and the apparently con- 
 tradictory fact that it never freezes, though located 
 in a high latitude. The drives over the hills in 
 every direction about Watkins are interesting in the 
 extreme, and of endless variety. Geneva, one of 
 the oldest and most aristocratic villages in Western 
 New York, is at the foot of the lake, and can he 
 reached by steamboat three times daily. Ithaca, 
 the seat of Cornell University, is at the head of 
 Cayuga Lake, and is twenty miles east of Watkins, 
 over the hills.” Hotels at the Glen and vicinity, 
 the Glen Parh, Glen Mountain, Lake View, FoPJl 
 Brook, and Jefferson. 
 
 Pursuing main route on Erie road, at 
 
 Corning, also on the Chemung, occurs a connec- 
 tion with the coal-fields of Pennsylvania, by Corning 
 and Blossburg road. Also, branch of Erie road 
 runs northward direct to Rochester. 
 
EOVTE NO, 2.—N0ETHEEK 
 
 89 
 
 At Hornellsville the Erie Eailway branches into 
 two main lines, the one leading west, by 
 Salamanca [junction with the Atlantic and Great 
 Western road, south westward to Corry and the Oil 
 Eegions of Pennsylvania] and Dayton, to 
 Dunkirk, on Lake Erie, terminus of the Erie 
 Eailway in that direction, and point of junction with 
 the Lake Shore Eailroad for Cleveland and Toledo 
 (Oliio), Chicago, and other points west and north- 
 west. 
 
 The second or northern branch of the Erie road? 
 leaving Hornellsville, runs northwestward, by Nunda, 
 Portage (with splendid bridge, of great height, and 
 fine Fall of the Genesee, called Portage Fall), War- 
 saw and Attica, to 
 
 Bupfalo, on Lake Erie, largest town of Western 
 New York, and one of the most important commer- 
 cial depots of the Middle States. It only dates from 
 the commencement of the century, owing much 
 of its rapid early progress to the enterprising and 
 unfortunate Benjamin Eathbun, who involved him- 
 self fatally in the attempt to make it the Queen of 
 the Lakes. It is the point of entrance to the Erie 
 Canal, from the Lake, and enjoys an immense 
 grain and other shipping trade with the West, by 
 steamers and large schooners. It has now not less 
 than 40 large grain warehouses, with capacity for 
 storing six to eight millions of bushels; has very 
 large iron manufactures; has several public grounds 
 — Terrace Park, Niagara, Delaware, Washington, 
 
90 
 
 SEOBT-TBIP GUIDE. 
 
 Franklin and other squares; has a University, Medi 
 cal School, Orphan Asylum, Marine Hospital, &c. ; 
 and many of the public buildings, including the 
 City Hall, Custom House, Post Office, State Arsenal, 
 Market Houses and some of the Churches (the Eo- 
 man Catholic Cathedral especially) are worthy the 
 attention of even the temporary sojourner. After- 
 noon breezes from the Lake, facilities for water-excur- 
 sions, proximity to the Canadian shore, &c., make 
 Buffalo a charming place of abode during the hot 
 season, though the atmosphere is often too damp for 
 the health of invalids inclined to pulmonary trouble. 
 Prominent Hotels, Tifft House^ Mansion House, Bon- 
 ney Rouse, &c. 
 
 LBuihiio, by rail to Niagara Falls and Suspension 
 Bridge, for Canada and the East, or for the West, 
 (See close of previous route). Or, direct to Sarnia, 
 Detroit, Chicago, &c., by the Grand Trunk Railway. 
 Or, to Dunkirk and the Lake Shore road thence to 
 the West. Or, by Lake steamer to Cleveland and 
 other points westward.] 
 
ROUTE NO. 8 -NORTHERN. 
 
 2hEW YORK TO SARATOGA, LAKE GEORGE, LAKE 
 CHAMPLAIK AKD MOKTREAL, WITH OPTIOK 
 OF THE WHITE HOUKTxilKS. 
 
 New York to Albany or Troy, as by Nortbei’n 
 Route No. 1. Thence train on the Rensselaer and 
 Saratoga Railroad along the Hudson and Mohawk 
 Rivers, and with a view in passing of the Falls 
 of Cohoes^ on the latter, and also of the Erie Canal 
 and of Round Lake — to 
 
 Ballston Spa, once the rival of Saratoga as a place 
 of medicinal and fashionable resort, and still fre- 
 quented by a considerable number of health-seekers, 
 though the largest of the hotels, the Sa7is Souci, has 
 long since been converted into a seminary, and the 
 tide of summer travel has turned towards the more 
 celebrated springs. Ballston has original advan- 
 tages of location over Saratoga, the fine creek or 
 small river, the Kayederosseras, flowing through it, 
 and materially adding to pleasantness as an abode ; 
 and while as a watering-place it will never quite 
 decay, it may some day see a return to its old popu- 
 larity. From Ballston, half an hour, through very 
 flat though well shaded country, to 
 
 Saratoga (better known as Saratoga Springs”) 
 — the most fashionable of the American Spas. 
 
92 
 
 SHOBT-TBIP GUIDK 
 
 Division A. 
 
 f 
 
 AT AOT) ABOUT SAKATOGA. 
 
 This most celebrated of summer resorts on the 
 Western Continent, with the possible exception of 
 Niagara — has few natural features to produce such 
 continued celebrity, its situation being comparatively 
 low, its soil sandy, and its climate decidedly hot in 
 midsummer. But long care and much expense 
 have made its grounds shaded and attractive ; and 
 the number and varied character of its springs have 
 counterbalanced all opposition and given it a popu- 
 larity not likely to lessen during the present centu- 
 ry. During the past few years, speculation (not to 
 call it by any worse name), has joined with liberal en- 
 terprize in providing extraordinary attractions, in 
 the shape of ' ’ ■ • 
 
 The Race^ Course absorbing attention during a 
 certain number of days of the season, and presenting 
 some of the worst features of the English turf, in the 
 way of high betting ; and 
 
 The Play-Hoiise^ in imitation of Baden-Baden and 
 Hombourg, with the addition of being owned and 
 managed by an Honorable M. C. Another and more 
 meritorious feature is 
 
 The Leland Opera House, near and attached to 
 tlie Union Hotel, and affording splendid opportuni- 
 ties for concerts, grand balls and other festivals, 
 more pleasant to the sojourners than (it is to be 
 feared) profitable to those providing the accommoda- 
 
ROUTE NO. Z.-NORTHERN. 
 
 93 
 
 tion. Of course the principal source of popularity 
 and profit has been found in 
 
 The SpringSy of which the whole number must 
 approach twenty, very different in character, while 
 upon two or three of them has been concentrated, 
 until lately, nearly the whole popularity giving 
 pvatronage to the group. The waters of the Congress 
 lead the list, now, instead of monopolizing as they 
 once did : they are bottled extensively and sent 
 everywhere, as well as consumed unlimitedly at the 
 Spring. After them, of late, have come the Em- 
 pirOy pressing close upon the Congress as an arti* 
 CiC of commerce ; and no small amount of popularity 
 in the same line is being attained by those of the 
 High Rock (held to be specially strong and medici*: 
 nal), the HathorUy the Constitutiony &c., — while the 
 Iodine, the ColamMan and others command exten- 
 sive home-consumption. The virtual ^^Pump-Eoom” 
 of Saratoga, meanwhile, has been and continues in 
 the Congress Spring, most picturesequely located 
 and best kept, and with fine grounds near to add to 
 its attraction. 
 
 [Saratoga suffered very severely by fire in 1865 
 and 1866, two of the oldest and largest of the hotels, 
 the United States and Congress Hall, almost as 
 truly features of the place as the Springs themselves, 
 and endeared by a thousand recollections as well as 
 made classic by Willis’ charming sketches, going 
 down in those years. Both of them have since been 
 rebuilt, however, with enlarged accommodation; the 
 
94 
 
 8E0RT-TRIP GUIDE, 
 
 additions have been numerous; and though there 
 have been supplementary fires among the hotels, in 
 1871 and 1874, there is no fear whatever of Saratoga 
 permanently suffering from deficiency of hotel ac- 
 commodation. 
 
 [The hint is worth something, to strangers — that 
 the most delightful time for visiting Saratoga is to 
 be found later than the full season-— say in Septem- 
 ber and early October, when the climate is delicious., 
 and when the loveliest sunsets of the world (finer 
 than the Italian) can be enjoyed from the hills 
 just northward.] 
 
 Excursions from Saratoga are not many or remark- 
 ably varied. The most popular is found in the after- 
 noon ride to the Lake, three miles distant — a hand- 
 some forest-girded bit of water, with fine facilities 
 for boating and fishing, and with Moon’s and 
 Abell’s ‘^Lake Houses” to supply entertainment to 
 visitors. With this ride is often combined a visit to 
 Barliydf^s Mill, on the road — also made classic by 
 Willis. Another excursion, generally made, is that 
 to the Battle Field of Stillwater — scene of Sir John 
 Burgoyne’s surrender to Genl. Gates in 1777. 
 
 Prominent Hotels at Saratoga, Gravid Union, Con- 
 gress Hall, United States, Clarendon^ &c. 
 
 Division B^ 
 
 SARATOGA TO AKD AT LAKE GEORGE, 
 
 The route from Saratoga is by cars of the Saratoga 
 and Washington Railroad, to 
 
EOUTE NO. 3.-N0ET1IERN. 
 
 95 
 
 Fori Edward, on the Hudson — site of one of the 
 old fortifications of the French and Indian War 
 period, but now a thriving village, with picturesque 
 river scenery. At Fort Edward branch rail is taken 
 to 
 
 Glenn's Falls (often called simply Glenn’s”), a 
 village also picturesquely situated on the Hudson, at 
 a pass of the river through rocks of terrible wildness, 
 with a broken fall, at and around which Cooper laid 
 the scene of a part of the ^‘Last of the Mohicans.” 
 Glenn’s Falls has also large lime manufactures. 
 Here stage is taken for Lake George, over a moun- 
 tain road affording scenery of equal beauty and 
 grandeur, forming fit introduction to the Lake. 
 Half way between Glenn’s and the Lake is passed 
 
 Bloody Pond, scene of the defeat of Col. Williams 
 by the French and Indians under Baron Dieskau, 
 and slaughter of all his force, in 1755, during the 
 old French wars, and of which the name is said to 
 have been derived from the literal filling of the pond 
 with bodies on that occasion. Shortly after leaving 
 Bloody Pond, and on emergence from the forest on 
 high ground, is enjoyed one of the most magnificent 
 views supplied by the Western Continent, in the 
 beautiful Horicon ” (Indian name of Lake George) 
 its islands and mountain borderings. 
 
 Caldwell, south end of the Lake, is the spot where 
 the traveller is set down by the coach; and here 
 and near are located some of the most enjoyable of 
 the hotels welcoming visitors 
 
98 
 
 SHOBT-TRIP GUIDE, 
 
 Rowing, Sailing, and Fishing oix Lake George are 
 privileges not to be ignored: the more enjo}'able for 
 the wonderful clearness of the water, which often 
 allows the bottom to be seen at twenty or thirty feet, 
 and which won for it from the French the name of 
 ‘‘Le Lac du St. Sacrament’’ and induced the carry- 
 ing of the water to great distances for baptismal 
 purposes. The variety of fish caught — trout, perch, 
 pike, &c., commends it to the special favor of sports- 
 men. It is while on the water, too, that the beauti- 
 ful panorama of the Lake, with its islands and en- 
 circling mountains, admitted to be among the fines! 
 on the globe, can best be enjoyed. 
 
 The Old Forts must command a certain degree of 
 attention from the visitor to Lake George, combin 
 ing, as they do, historical interest with their loca« 
 tion. Of Fort William Henry, the small traces oi 
 embankment remaining lie immediately beside the 
 Hotel of the same name, from in front of which the 
 best views are commanded and the steamboat em- 
 barkations on the Lake are made. Of Fort George, 
 half a mile eastw^ard, considerable portions of the 
 crumbling walls yet present themselves, half buried 
 by earth and overgrown with trees. Leading hotels 
 at Lake George, the Lake House and Fort William 
 Hlenry, 
 
 ^ [From Lake George may be visited, by stage- 
 wagon or other conveyance, Schroon Lake a small 
 wild, picturesque sheet of water, lying north-west- 
 ward ; and thence, the lower part of the 
 
BOUTE NO. ^.--NORTHERN. 
 
 97 
 
 Adirondack Mountains, among tlie boldest and 
 most interesting cliains of the East, and of late 
 years yery popular as resorts for pleasure- seekers and i 
 health-seekers who have no objection to ^^camping- 
 out” and roughing” it a little. Particulars of 
 special routes, best obtained of those who manage 
 the conveyances; as all other information on such 
 partially-opened lines, must be more or less unreli- 
 able and risky.] 
 
 Leaving Caldwell for the passage northward, a 
 small steamer is taken ; and the entire passage to 
 Ticonderoga, about 35 miles, is one of the most 
 charming in any land, affording otherwise unattain- 
 able views of the surrounding mountains and the 
 almost countless islands of the little body of v/ater 
 so favored, the actual number of which is said to 
 reach nearly or quite three hundred. Among the 
 most notable of these in this part of the Lake, are 
 Diamond Island^ Burgoyne’s military depot in 1777; 
 Long Island, north of Diamond; Tioelve Mile Is- 
 land, near Bolton. Not far beyond the latter. 
 Tongue Mountain thrusts itself out into the Lake 
 to a great distance (whence the name), forming a 
 part of the Marrows, entered just beyond, under the 
 shadow of Black Moiintain, the highest peak of the 
 lake-shore. North of the Narrows comes Salbath 
 Day Point, a strip of low, cultivated land, so named, 
 as alleged, by Genl. Abercrombie, from a Sunday 
 morning embarkation of troops made there. Not 
 fai’ beyond, passing the bold headland of Rogers^ 
 
^8 
 
 SHOBT'TRIP GUIDE. 
 
 Slide, are passed Prisoners^ Island, used as a place 
 of military confinement by the English during the 
 old French war; and Lord Howe’s Point, where 
 that English general landed to make liis attajsk on 
 Ticonderoga. Directly beyond comes an insignificant 
 landing, at which concludes the beautiful sail on 
 Lake George, and the tourist enjoys a three mile 
 ride, often in a rough wagon instead of a stage-coach, 
 over a rough road that still seems to be unobjection- 
 able and in keeping with the journey, to the ruins of 
 Ticonderoga. 
 
 Division C. 
 
 TICOKDEEOGA BY LAKE CHAMPLAIljq- TO 
 MONTREAL. 
 
 Crossing from Lake George, by stage-coach oi 
 wagon, as above. 
 
 Fort Ticonderoga will be found only a ruin, with 
 one gable remaining to show its original height. It 
 was first constructed by the French, about 1756, but 
 derives its principal interest from the peculiar mode 
 of its summons to surrender by the madcap Vermon- 
 ter, Ethan Allen, in 1775, the formula being: ^^In 
 the name of the Continental Congress and the Great 
 Jehovah It was soon retaken by the British, how- 
 ever, and held during the war. [From Ticonderoga 
 ' detour may be made to Crown Point, another place 
 of revolutionary interest, taken at nearly the same 
 time ; and thence may be reached most conveniently 
 by wagon and on foot, Lahe Saiiford, Lake Hender- 
 
BOUTE NO. ^.—NOBTHERK 
 
 99 
 
 eoUy and beyond the famous Indian Pass and the 
 groat peaks of the AdirondacTc Mountains ; Tali- 
 atom, or Mount Marcy, Mount McIntyrOy the DiaJ'^ 
 Mountain^ etc.] 
 
 At the wharf at Ticonderoga, to continue main 
 route northward, steamer on Lake Champlain is 
 taken; and thenceforth, in fine weather, is found 
 a sail of many hours, not often equaled in enjoy- 
 ment. Besides the towns and hamlets studding the 
 shores, there are special points of interest on the 
 Lake in the shape of singular rocks and islands, of 
 wliich the most notable, below, may be mentioned as 
 S 2 :)lit Pockj an immense mass of ironstone, half an 
 acre in extent, split away from the main only about 
 twelve feet ; the Four Brothers, small islands always 
 haunted and half covered with noisy gulls, like Ailsa 
 Craig; Juniper Island and Rock Dundee, both 
 masses of rocks rising to the height of over 30 feet. 
 It is not in these particulars, however, that lies the 
 chief charm of sailing on noble Champlain (130 miles 
 in length, and width varying from ^ mile to 13 : 
 area covered, about 500 sq. miles). That principal 
 charm lies in the presence of a noble range of moun- 
 ^ tains at either side : at the right, the Green Moun- 
 v tains of Vermont, among the highest in Eastern 
 i America ; on the left, at greater distance, the equally 
 I noble range of the Adirondacks. 
 
 Landings are made, on the right, at » ' 
 
 j Burlikgtok, Vermont, one of the largest and 
 most important towns in the State, with a Univer- 
 
100 
 
 SHORT- TBIP GUIDE. 
 
 sity, many fine buildings, manufactures, and a great 
 concentration of railway, steamboat and stage-coach 
 routes. At Burlington are also enjoyed, as from the 
 Lake approaching it, fine views of the two highest 
 peaks of the Green Mountains, M(. Mansfield and 
 CameVs Hump. Hotels, the American, &c. 
 
 [At Burlington, rail may be taken, by those who 
 prefer, by St. Allan’s and St. John’s, direct to 
 Montreal. See Division D, following.] 
 
 Continuing from Burlington by boat, the i^ake is 
 crossed, north-westward, to 
 
 Platlsburg, thriving town of New York, lying on 
 the west shore, and scene of the land-and-naval 
 battle between the English and Americans, in Sep- 
 tember, 1814, won for the latter by General Macoijib 
 and Commodore McDonough. Hotel : Fouguet’s. 
 
 [From Plattshurg may be visited 
 Keeseville, a thriving town of Essex County; and 
 thence the Au Sable River, the Saranac Lakes, and 
 the great fishing and pleasure grounds of the 
 
 Northekx Adirondack Mountains. For either, 
 and especially for the latter, stage is taken at Keese- 
 ville, and special routes traced out through particu- 
 lar infoi’mation locally derived. For any extended 
 advance into the mountains, however, certain pro- 
 visions, conveniences and changes of clothing miist 
 'be provided, after taking the special local advice 
 above noted, and before leaving the towns on the 
 shores of Lake Champlain, for the absolute wilder 
 ness lying behind them.] 
 
EOVTE NO. ^.—NORTHEEK 101 
 
 Coil tinning from Plattsburgby boat, final landing 
 is made at 
 
 lionse^s Point, also on the western shore of tlie 
 Lake, and unimportant except for this transit and 
 the fact that it lies at the very border of the Do- 
 minion of Canada. 
 
 From Kouse's Point, by rail, to St. JoJm\s and to 
 Moxteeal. (For description, &c., see p. 247.) 
 
 Division D. 
 
 TICOXDEROGA TO MOi^TTREAL BY BOAT AIS^D RAIL. 
 
 As by. previous route (Division *0) to 
 
 Bnrlington, Vermont. At Burlington leave Cham- 
 plain boat and take rail of the Vermont Central road 
 to 
 
 St. Alian^s, Vermont, one of the handsomest towns 
 im the State, lying near Lake Champlain, with fine 
 ocenery, many noble buildings, considerable popu- 
 larity as a summer-resort, an immense butter'-and- 
 -iheese market, and a historical celebrity on account 
 of the ^^raid’’ made upon it, from Canada, on the 
 loth of October, 18G4, by the Confederate refugees 
 hhen resident in the Dominion. Principal hotel, 
 
 I he Weldm House. [Pailway connection from 
 jot. Alban’s, by the Missisquoi road, to Sheldon^ 
 
 ! ind the Missisquoi Springs, popular hygienic 
 |^*esort.] 
 
 [ From St. Alban’s, by rail, by St. John’s to Moi^- 
 i 'REAL. (See p. 247.) 
 
m 
 
 SHORT-TRIP GUIDE, 
 
 Division E, 
 
 SARATOGA TO MONTREAL^ BY RAIL. 
 
 Leave Saratoga by Saratoga and Washington road, 
 (as by Division B,) to 
 
 Whitehall, New York, at the southern end of 
 Lake Champlain — town of age, and much import- 
 ance in connection with the lumber trade and the 
 extensive transportation through the Champlain 
 Canal, commencing at that point, from the Lake t(\ 
 Albany. [Point of departure of steamboats on 
 Lake Champlain, for Northern New York, Vermont 
 or New Hampshire Mountains, or Canada, — for thosti 
 coming up directly from New York or other mor^ 
 southerly points, by Albany or Troy. See Divii 
 sions C and D, pp. 99 and 101.] 
 
 Continuing by rail from Whitehall, and entering 
 the State of Vermont, through the great marble-j 
 quarry region of that State; by Castleton, virtual 
 centre of that trade ; to 
 
 Rutland, thriving and handsome town, witl 
 railway connections in all directions, pleasant loca 
 lion, and fine mountain-and-valley scenery, as wel 
 as much productive industry. Hotel, the Bate. 
 House, 
 
 Prom Rutland, by Middlelury and minor stations 
 to Burlington (see that place in Division C, p. 99] 
 Burlington, by Vergennes and minor stations, to Si 
 Alban's (see that place in Division D, p. 101). St 
 Alban’s to St. John's and Montreal. (See p. 2-17. 
 
ROUTE A'-Q. Z.—NORTnERAr. 103a 
 
 Division F. 
 
 PAYOEITE TOURIST ROUTE FROM NEW YORK TO 
 MONTREAL. 
 
 l^Jew York, by Central Eail Eoad, Day Boat or 
 Night Boat, to Albany or Troy (see Eoute 
 Division A, page 62). Albany or Troy to Sara^ 
 'oga, Lalce George, and take Champlain boat at 
 Ticonderoga, as by Eoute 3, Divisions A, B and C, 
 op. 91 to 99. Or, Albany or Troy to Saratoga (omit- 
 :ing Lake George); thence rail to Whitehall and 
 I like Champlain steamer there. By boat on Lake 
 Jharnplain to Burlington, and thence rail by St. 
 [lilban’s and St. John’s to MojS'tkeal ; or by boat to 
 Burlington, Plattsburg and Rouse's Point, and 
 :hence rail by St. John’s to Montreal. (See p. 247.) 
 
 ^ Division G. 
 
 j JASTEU^r-STATES ALL-HAIL ROUTE FROM KEW YORK 
 , TO MONTREAL. 
 
 1 New York to JTew Haven, Hartford and Spring- 
 ! MELD, as by Eoute No. 4, Division A, pp. 103 to 
 j -06. Springfield, by Connecticut Eiver and con- 
 i lecting roads, to 
 
 i Belloios Falls, railway-centre of importance on 
 I he Connecticut Eiver, with connections eastward 
 i 0 Boston, &c. Thence to 
 
 I White River Junction, another railway-centre with 
 iqually important connections, at the intersection of 
 
1026 
 
 SIIORT-TBIF GUIDE, 
 
 the Connecticut and White Eivers. Thence to SL 
 Alian^s, St. Jolin^s and Moxtkeal. (See p. 247.) 
 
 Division IL 
 
 HIKTS FOE EETUE:is'IKG SOUTHWAE.a 
 
 As stated in many other places in this volume, it 
 is a matter of policy, always, in returning from one 
 of two points to another, to vary the route from that 
 selected in going, unless special reasons require 
 passing over the same ground. And in no direction 
 does this require more closely to be borne in mind, 
 than, say, between ^iew York and the Canadian 
 cities; the routes being so many and all so interest- 
 ing, that no choice supplying variety can well be 
 amiss, if time or other circumstance does not pre- 
 vent. The reminder need scarcely be added, that, 
 all the preceding routes being marked out as going 
 nortliiuard^ for proceeding southward any one of 
 them needs simply to be reversed. 
 
ROUTE NO. 4 -EASTERN. 
 
 NEW YORK TO BOSTOK", BY KEW HAYEK", HARTFORD, 
 AKD SPRIHGFIELD (RAIL) ; BY RROVIDEKCE 
 (rail) ; BY NEWPORT, NEW LONDON OR 
 STONINGTON (SOUND-BOAT). 
 
 Division A. 
 
 BY RAIL,. BY SPRINGFIELD. 
 
 Leave iSTev/ York by morning express of New 
 Haven Eailroad, by Williarn’s Bridge (point of 
 divergence of the New York and Harlem road), 
 by several unimportant stations (with occasional and 
 pleasant views of Long Island Sound, at the right), 
 to Stamford, Darien and N'orwdlk (Connecticut), 
 (the latter the scene of a serious accident, train run- 
 ning into the Elver, at the Bridg'e, manv years 
 siDce) ; then by other unimportani stations, to 
 Bridgeport, on Long Island Sound, large and im- 
 portant manufacturing town, especially in the de- 
 tail of Sewing Machines, of which two of the largest 
 I factories in the world, the Wheeler & Wilson, and 
 . Howe, are located here. Also, point of intersection 
 i of lines of railway leading to the manufacturing in-| 
 ! terior of Connecticut (Ilousatonic and Naugatuck ) , 
 j and old residence of the celebrated showman, P. T. 
 
 ! Barnum. Bridgeport to 
 
104 
 
 SEOBT-TRIP GUIDE. 
 
 New Havek, also on Long Island Sound (lines 
 4 of steamers to and from New York) ; one of the 
 most important towns of the East, and seat of Yale 
 College^ as well as noted for the shaded beauty of its 
 streets and the peculiar magnificence of its elm-tree 
 avenues, the latter feature giving it the name of the 
 ^^Elm City/’ New Haven is well worthy of a so- 
 journ for examination. The first point of interest 
 is of course to be found in the College Buildings^ of 
 which there are some fifteen, with a remarkable 
 air of antiquity, for America (the College founded in 
 1700) ; the College Green, or Campus, with Chapel, 
 and fine old Churches ; the State House, an impos- 
 ing edifice, of marble, recently completed ; the Fme 
 Art Building and Trumbull Gallery, in the latter of 
 which are the original fine historical pictures by 
 Colonel Trumbull (Washington, etc.) ; the recently 
 built City Hall, etc. Some interesting Monuments 
 are to be found in the Grove Street Cemetery; among 
 others those of Eoger Sherman, founder of Ehode 
 Island, Noah Webster, Pierrepont Edwards, the poet 
 Hillhouse, etc.; and in the Campus, tomb of the 
 regicide Whalley. Excursions from New Haven to 
 East Roclc, Savin Roch, Wallingford, &c. [Con- 
 nection, by rail, to 
 
 Middletown, flourishing town, with manufac- 
 tures, seat of Wesleyan University, Industrial 
 School, State Insane Asylum, Berkeley Divinity 
 School, See. Opposite Middletown, Portland, with 
 great brown-stone quarries.] 
 
ROUTE NO. L— EASTERN 
 
 105 
 
 Prominent hotels at New Haven, the New Haven 
 Housey Tontiney Tremonty &c. 
 
 Resuming rail, on the New Haven, Hartford and 
 Springfield road, and now running northward, away 
 from the Sound — passing Walling fordy Meriden 
 (great Brittaniaware and other metallic manufactory) 
 and other stations of less importance, is reached 
 
 Hartford, on the Connecticut River^ a large 
 town with much beauty of location, large manufac- 
 turing interests, and lately selected as the sole seat 
 of government of the State. (Reached by steam- 
 ers from New York). It has an educational institu- 
 tion of eminence, known as Trinity College ; the Con^ 
 necticut Historical Society ; the WatJcmson Liharyy 
 with rare books, pictures and statuary; Wadsworth 
 Atheneum, etc. ; and among the handsome buildings 
 of the town are the Deaf and Dumb AsylmUy Retreat 
 for the InsanCy Hospital, etc. The Charter Oak 
 (place of hiding of the old Connecticut Charter from 
 a tyrannical Governor) long one of the boasts of 
 Hartford, blew down in 1856 ; but the place where 
 it stood is still shown by a slab. Among present 
 curiosities are the late Col. Coifs Fire-Arms Manu- 
 factory y the house occupied by the late Mrs. Sigour- 
 ney, the poetess, etc. There are also many pictur- 
 esque short excursions from Hartford, the most 
 prominent among them being those to Talcott 
 Mountahiy Wethersfieldy Prospect Hilly &c. Leading 
 hotels, Align House and United States. 
 
 Beyond Hartford, pasing Windsor^ and Windsor 
 
SHORT^TBIP GUIDE. 
 
 10 ^- 
 
 Locks (waiter power and important manufactures)^ 
 and other minor stations, is reached 
 
 Speikgfield, Massachusetts, also lying on the 
 Connecticut River, one of the most important towns 
 of the State, and peculiarly notable for its diversity 
 of railway communication. [Connection, here, east- 
 ward to Boston and westward to Albany, by the 
 Boston and Albany road> southward to Hartford, 
 New Haven and New York, by the New Haven, 
 Hartford and Springfield ^ noHhward to the White 
 Mountains of New Hampshire, to Vermont and 
 Canada, by the Connecticut River and other inter- 
 secting roads] . A prominent source of prosperity as 
 well as object of interest is the United States Arse- 
 nal and Arms Manufactory ^ the largest in America, 
 located here, furnishing extensive employment and 
 supplying the celebrated Springfield Eifle.’^ (Writ- 
 ten of by Mr. Longfellow, in one of his finest poems, 
 ‘^The Arsenal at Springfield.”) It has also other 
 and important manufactures — especially of carri- 
 ages ; handsome public grounds, in the Cemetery j 
 Hampden Park, &c. ; and is considered one of the 
 most charming places of residence in the East. 
 Prominent hotels, the Massasoity Codefs, &c. 
 
 From Springfield, by Palmer, direct to 
 WoKC ESTER, another of the large and important 
 towns of Massachusetts, with extensive manufactures 
 and even more numerous railway connections than I 
 Springfield. [Westward, by Boston and Albany road i 
 (Western) to Springfield and Albany, and Spring- 
 
BOUTE NO, L-^^EASTEEN 
 
 107 
 
 fiv3ld5 New Haven and New York. Eastward, by 
 Boston and Worcester, to Boston. Northward, by 
 Worcester and Nashua, to the White Mountains and 
 Canada. Southward, by Norwich and Worcester, to 
 New London, and Shore Line road and line of 
 steamers to New York. South-eastward, by Wor- 
 cester and Providence, to Providence, Newport, &c.] 
 It has some fine public buildings, among which may 
 be mentioned the State Lunatic Asylum, Mechanics^ 
 Hall, building of the American Antiquarian Society, 
 &c., and divides with Springfield pre-eminence in the 
 manufacture of railway and other carriages. Lead- 
 ing hotel, the Bay Stale. 
 
 From Worcester, by Grafton, Framingham, Ha- 
 tick (home of TJ. S, Senator Wilson) West Heioton, 
 Brighton and other minor stations, direct to 
 
 Boston. [See ahead — At and about Boston.’^] 
 
 Division B. 
 
 BY RAIL, BY PROVIDEKCE (SHORE LIHE). 
 
 Leave New York by 1^.15 P. M. express of the 
 New Haven Railroad. (May leave by night-express, 
 but at sacrifice of scenery). Take tickets by Shore 
 Line,” as distinguished from those by ^^Springfield;” 
 and be sure that Shore Line carriage is taken. To 
 New Haven, as from Springfield route preceding. 
 
 From New Haven, due east (New Haven, New 
 London, and Stonington road) along or near the 
 shore of the Sound, with closer and still finer views 
 
103 
 
 SEOBT^TEIP GUIDE 
 
 than those before reaching New Hayen — by Guil- 
 ford, Madison, Clinton &e., to 
 
 Crossing of the Connecticut liiver, at Lyme. 
 (At SaybrooJc Junction^ near, connection by Valley 
 road, south to Saybrooh^ north to Middlctoion^ &c.) 
 By S. Lyme, and E. Lyme, Waterford, &c., to 
 New LoxDOi!!', at tlie mouth of the Thames Eiyer 
 — a sea«port of some importance, and formerly depot 
 of one of the great whaling-fleets, before the late 
 decay of that trade. [Line of large and fine steamers 
 from and to New York, every evening: communi- 
 cating by rail to and from Boston, by Norwich and 
 Worcester.] Harbor considered one of the finest 
 on the Atlantic coast, and defended by splendid for- 
 tifications, Fort being the principal, below 
 
 the city and at the right, towards mouth of the 
 harbor. New London, an attractive place of resort 
 and residence in many respects, has a peciiliar and 
 melancholy interest as having been long the business 
 place of Benedict Arnold, the traitor, -whose sign 
 over one of the old shops is still pointed out. The 
 principal public buildings, worth notice, are the 
 Custom HousCy Court Hoitse, Female Academy ^ &c. 
 At the mouth of the harbor the Pequot House is a 
 very attractive place of summer sea-side resort. 
 
 From New London the Thames is crossed by ferry 
 boat (part of train carried over, with through-passen- 
 gers, and lunch on boat) to Groton, on the opposite 
 bank —for some years the depot of another steam- 
 boat line between New York and Boston, now 
 
ROUTE NO, ASTERN. 
 
 109 
 
 ftbandoned. Groton, oy rail, still within frequent 
 sight of the Sound, to Mystic, somewhat famous for 
 wooden-ship building, and 
 
 Stonuigton, Connecticut, Sound port of some im- 
 portance, lying at the mouth of river of same name. 
 [Line of large steamers to and from New York, 
 every evening : communicating by rail to and from 
 Boston, by Providence.] Stonington, by Westerly 
 and other stations, including 
 
 Wickford [railroad and steamboat comm.unicatioii 
 direct to Newport, in connection with trains] ; and 
 East Greemnlcli [old steamboat route to Newport 
 in connection with, trains] — to 
 Providence, capital of the State of Rhode Island, 
 and one of the princijial towns of the Eastern States. 
 It lies on Providence River, extending from Narra- 
 gansett Bay ; has much beauty in location and enor- 
 mous wealth in buildings and the appointments of 
 residents ; manufactures very extensively, in engines, 
 heavy machineries, cottons, prints, jewelries, &c.; 
 and has nearly two hundred and fifty years of anti- 
 quity since its foundation by Roger Williams, when 
 driven from the colony of Massachusetts Bay on 
 account of his religious opinions. It is the seat of 
 Eroion University , a literary institution of the first 
 eminence, with a large and valuable library; and is 
 also noted for the number and excellence of its 
 public schools. The two handsomest public build- 
 ings in the town are the Rhode Island Hospital and 
 the Custom House,' though there are very many 
 
110 
 
 SHORT-TBIP GUIDE. 
 
 fine edifices connected with the numerous public 
 charities of the city, among which may be named 
 the Reform School, Dexter Asylum for the Poor^ 
 Butler Hospital for the Insane^ Home for Aged Wb- 
 me?i, &c. It has also several imposing churches, 
 banks and other edifices; and Swan Point Ceme- 
 tery^ Narragansett Parle, and other public grounds 
 deserve visit and notice. The Soldiers^ and Sailor^ 
 Monument, recently erected, is also worthy of notice. 
 Leading hotels, the City Hotel, and Aldrich House. 
 
 [Eailway communication with Boston, by Boston 
 and Providence road; with Worcester, by Providence 
 and Worcestei*; with Hartford, by Hartford, Provi- 
 dence & Pishkill; witn Newport, by Providence and 
 Newport; with New London, by Stonington and 
 Providence, &c. ; with New York, by road just trav- 
 ersed, and by lines of steamers from Fall Eiver and 
 Newport, &c.], 
 
 \Pawtuchet, near Providence, is the seat of heavy 
 manufactures, and. of the first cotton-mill ever built 
 in America.] 
 
 Providence, by Pawtucket, Attleboro, Mansfield, 
 Foxboro, Eeadville, &c., to 
 Boston. 
 
 Division C. 
 
 BY BOAT, BY NEWPORT OR FALL RIVER. 
 
 Leave New York, 5 P. M., daily (except late au- 
 tumn, winter, and early spring, when the hour is 4 
 P. M. — see bills at hotels) by boats of the Narragan- 
 
BOUTE NO. L-'E ASTERN 
 
 in 
 
 sett Steamship Company, by Long Island Sound, for 
 Newport or Fall lliver as may be preferred. This 
 route, as well as tlio other Sound routes about to be 
 named, affords not only a delightful sail, in the cus- 
 tomary fine weather of summer, but conveys a better 
 idea than can otherwise be attained, of the size and 
 magnificence of the vessels employed in this transit 
 Leaving the pier and proceeding past the whole line 
 of the city, then past the islands lying in the Sound 
 or East River, and up the Sound itself, — unequalled 
 opportunities are enjoyed for observing the water- 
 front of the city, the extent of the penal and bene- 
 volent institutions on BlackwelVs Island^ RandalVs 
 Island, Ward^s Island ^ &c., the rocky dangers of 
 Hell Gate, the attractive scenery of the river shores 
 (Long Island on the right ; New York or Manhattan 
 Island on the left) ; the extensive fortifications guard- 
 ing that approach to the city, in Fort Schuyler, at 
 Throg’s Neck, etc. — daylight lasting, in the warm 
 season, until all these points of interest are passed, 
 and the remainder of the course up the Sound offer- 
 ing few attractions other than those of a marine 
 character. 
 
 At an early hour in the morning is reached 
 the end of the route by Sound, and place of debar- 
 kation for those who wish to vist the watering-place 
 and afterwards proceed thence to Boston by rail, — 
 in 
 
 Newport, one of the largest and most important 
 towns of Rhode Island, and one of the most cele- 
 
112 
 
 8H0BT-TBIP GUIDE. 
 
 brated and fashionable of American sea-side resorts, 
 for the past quarter of a century or longer. It lies 
 on Narragansett Bay, at near the entrance from Long 
 Island Sound, and boasts a harbor of peculiar beauty 
 as well as one of a depth of water almost unequalled. 
 It has a fine bathing-beach, markedly safe, within 
 .short-riding-distance of the principal hotels ; and at 
 greater distance are to be found and visited the re- 
 markable groups of rocks known as Paradise.^ Pur- 
 gatory ^ the Hanging RockSy etc. The Glen^ the 
 Spouting Horn, Lily Pond and the Dumpling Rocks, 
 are also places of much picturesque interest to visit- 
 ors and residents ; while at some ten miles distant, 
 south-eastward, lie Seconnet Point and West Island, 
 the latter supplying the very best sea-shore-fishin'g 
 on the American coast. Fort Adams, at near the 
 mouth of the harbor, is one of the largest and strong- 
 est fortifications in the North ; and the ride to it> 
 from the town, is one of the afternoon features of 
 Newport life. Another peculiarity of Newport is the 
 fine sailing in and about the harbor, securing the 
 constant presence of yachts, and many regattas 
 during the season, on a more or less extensive scale. 
 And yet another is to be found in the wide extent of 
 lawned and terraced bluff, overlooking the sea, where 
 are located an immense number of summer-cottages 
 of the wealthy, giving a higher tone to the prevalent 
 hotel-life, even while moderating and to some degree 
 lessening it. One marked object of interest is to be 
 found at Newport — the Round Tower, alternately 
 
ROUTE NO. ASTERN 
 
 113 
 
 called a Norse remain and a wind-mill, but around 
 which Longfellow, adopting the former belief, wove 
 his marvellously beautiful poem, the Skeleton in 
 Armor.” There are also some patriotic erections and 
 antiquities of interest : among the structures the old 
 State House, Commodore Perrifs House, the Verno7i 
 Ma7ision, the First Baptist (1638), the Perry 
 
 Monument, &c. ; and of minor antiquities, Franklin^ s 
 Printing Press (now or late in the office of the 
 Newport Mercury newspaper), the ancient Chair of 
 State of the Colony, etc. Of modern buildings of 
 merit, the number is considerable. Newport has the 
 additional celebrity of having been the birth-place of 
 Gilbert Stuart, the painter, Malbone, the miniature- 
 painter, and Commodore Perry; and Cooper flung 
 round it a romantic interest as the opening scene 
 of the Red Rover.” Leading Hotels : the Ocean 
 House, Atlantic, United States, and Perry. 
 
 [Above Newport, within convenient riding or sail- 
 ing distance, lies the fine eminence of Mount Hope, 
 with interesting reminiscences of the Indian King 
 Philip, and splendid views over Narragansett Bay, 
 the city, harbor, &c.] 
 
 [Newport to Boston, by rail, by Fall River and 
 connection with the Old Colony road, or by Provi- 
 dence.] 
 
 If not wishing to stop at Newport, and still pro- 
 ceeding to Boston, on some New York steamer 
 from which debarkation has before been supposed, 
 
114 
 
 SnOBT-TRIP GUIDE. 
 
 the route will be pursued by remaining on boat until 
 its next and final landing, at 
 
 Fall River, a thriving manufacturing town on 
 Taunton River, eastern branch of jN'arragansett Bay, 
 within the State of Massachusetts though near 
 the Rhode Island border. Peculiarly noted for 
 works in machinery, in heavy irons, and in cottons 
 and prints. [Communication with Newport and 
 Providence by boat and rail.] Mount Hope, before 
 alluded to, is in view from Fall River and may be 
 most conveniently reached from this point; and the 
 bridge connecting Rhode Island (island) and the 
 main land is near, at Tiverton. 
 
 Fall River to Boston, by rail of the Old Colony 
 Road. 
 
 Division D. 
 
 BT BOAT, BY NEW LONDON, NORWICH «& WORCESTER. 
 
 Leave New York, 5 P. M., by boats of the 
 Norwich and Worcester Line, on the Sound, 
 .the route displaying precisely the same fea- 
 tures as that before named, (except that the run by 
 sea is shorter and less exposed in rough weather, and 
 that rail is taken at an earlier hour) to 
 New London [see previous description.] 
 
 New London, by rail on the Norwich and Wor- 
 cester road, to 
 
 Norwich, very old and handsome small town of 
 Connecticut, picturesquely situated at the head of 
 navigation of the river Thames, with its steep streets 
 
ROUTE NO. 4.,-E ASTERN 
 
 115 
 
 literally lying on terraces, but many manufactures, 
 mucli commercial prosperity, and no small number 
 of old buildings recalling the early historic days of 
 the State. 
 
 From Norwich, still by rail of the Norwich and 
 Worcester road — by Plainfield [junction, for Provi- 
 dence, Newport, &c.], by Putnam, Webster, Wokges- 
 TEll, &c., to BoSTOi^’. 
 
 Division E. 
 
 BY BOAT, BY STO^riKGTON^ AKD PROVIDElSrCE. 
 
 Leave New York, 5 P. M,, by boats of the Stoning- 
 ton Steamboat Company, on the Sound, with same 
 features as those of two previous routes, though less 
 extensive in sea-voyage than that to Newport, and 
 longer than that to New London — to 
 
 Stonington’, Connecticut (before referred to in 
 Shore-Line route by rail), at mouth of Stonington 
 river, near the Sound, 
 
 Stonington by Providence^ by rail, with same 
 features shown in that division of the Shore-Line 
 rail route, to Boston*. 
 
 Division F. 
 
 AT AN'D ABOUT BOSTON*, WITH EXCURSION’S. 
 
 Boston*, Capital of the State of Massachusetts, one 
 of the largest, most influential and handsomest of 
 the cities of America, and in many regards the most 
 
tlG 
 
 SEORT-TRIP GUIDE, 
 
 remarkable of all — lies at the extreme western point 
 of Massachusetts Bay, where that body of water is 
 entered by the Charles Eiver; and most of the old 
 city is erected on a peninsula of several hundred acres, 
 extending up from Roxbury, at the south, and curved 
 around by the wide mouth of the Charles Eiver, 
 which thus divides from it Cambridge on the west, 
 Charlestown on the north, and Chelsea and East 
 Boston on the east All these form parts of the 
 present city, however, by means of different bridges 
 spanning the river mouth and edge of the harbor ; 
 and the result is that Boston seems from some points 
 of view to be almost as completely a City of the 
 Sea” as Venice. Northeast of it, at some miles dis- 
 tance, the bold headland of Nahant runs southward 
 from the mainland at Lynn, behind Chelsea point, 
 adding to the picturesqueness of the whole harbor, 
 as well as aiding the several islands {Castle Island, 
 fortified bj Fort Independence; Governor's Island, 
 Fort Winthrop ; George's Island, Fort Warren ; Deer 
 Island, occupied by House of Industry and other 
 public buildings; and others, minor in size and im- 
 portance) in sheltering it from the rough winds of 
 the east. An additional feature of the old cit^q or 
 Boston Proper,” is found in three eminences or 
 slight hills on and among which it was originally 
 built, giving it the name of the Tri-Montane City,’^ 
 and originating the name of Tremont ” so inti- 
 mately connected with it. On the highest of these 
 stands the State House, the whole city appearing to 
 
ROUTE NO, 4.,— EASTERN 
 
 117 
 
 elope up to it, and the view, on approach, being thus 
 rendered peculiarly impressive. 
 
 With reference to transit through and about Bos- 
 ton, it may be said that many of the streets, especi- 
 ally in the older portions of the town, are crooked 
 and involved to a proverb, but that the street-car 
 system is very extensive, complete and convenient, 
 and that carriage-hire, though high in comparison 
 to European, is less exorbitant than in New York. 
 
 Of Streets, the best worth noting are Beacon 
 Street, at the top of the Common, the most fashion- 
 able; Tremont Street, at the bottom of the Common, 
 blending of fashion and business; 'Washington St., 
 nearly parallel with the latter, southward, business 
 centre; State, Congress, and other streets in the 
 neighborhood of the Old ‘State House, financial, law, 
 etc. Other and newer streets and avenues, lying on 
 the Back Bay, west of the Public Garden, are now, 
 however, fashionable; and here have been erected 
 the Coliseums for the two great Musical Jubilees. 
 
 Of Public Grounds, Boston has two, within the 
 city proper, of peculiar prominence : the Common, a 
 triangular park of nearly fifty acres, sloping down 
 from the State House, handsomely shaded, with a 
 Pond or Lake, and in an enclosure near the middle, 
 the celebrated Old called the Liberty Tree; 
 and the Public Garden, adjoining the Common on 
 the West, with a handsome Lake, bridges, floral 
 walks, and a fine statue of Washington, by Ball. 
 
 Of Antiquities, principally connected with the 
 
118 
 
 8H0BT-TEIP GUIDE, 
 
 War of the Kevolution, Boston has many of interest : 
 Faneuil Hall, Faneuil Hall Square^, otherwise known 
 as the Cradle of Liberty/^ where early meetings of 
 •patriots were held (still used for meeting purposes, 
 and containing some national portraits) ; the Old 
 State House, State Street ; Brattle Street Church, 
 Brattle Street (with one of the round shot of the 
 Charlestown bombardment still embedded in the front 
 wall ;) Old South Church, corner of Washington and 
 Milk Streets; Ordway Hall, Province House Court, 
 once the residence of the Colonial Governors ; Liberty 
 Tree, Boston Common; and many others of minor 
 consequence. 
 
 Of Pablic Buildings, deserving attention, are the 
 State House (Capitol), Beacon Street, with interest- 
 ing military and other memorials, legislative cham. 
 bers, etc., within, and splendid and extensive view 
 from the roof; Cits tom House, foot of State Street ; 
 Exchange, State Street (Post Office below) ; Court 
 House, Court Square ; City Hall, School Street (colos- 
 sal statue of Franklin, in front) ; Massachusetts 
 General Hospital, Allen Street; City Hospital, Harri- 
 son Avenue ; Quincy Market, adjoining Faneuil Hall ; 
 Boston Public Library, Boylston Street; Masonic 
 Temple, corner Tremont and Boylston Streets, etc. 
 Other erections of interest, Boston Water Works 
 (Reservoir), Herne Street; the Bridges, connecting 
 the various suburbs with the city proper ; the Wharves 
 (Long, India, Central, Commercial, etc.), several of 
 them of great extent and the system the best on the 
 Continent. 
 
ROUTE NO. L— EASTERN 
 
 119 
 
 ' Of Monuments, of course, the first place is taken 
 by the JBunJcer Hill Monument.^ on Breed^s Hill, site 
 of the Kevolutionary battle of the first name. It is 
 a plain obelisk of granite, of great height, ascended 
 from within, and from the top commanding a most 
 extensive and magnificent view. Near it stands the 
 'Warren Statue, in honor of Dr. Joseph Warren, who 
 fell in the battle. In State House, statue of Wash- 
 ington, by Chantrey; and in front of same building, 
 bronze statues of Daniel Webster and Horace Mann 
 (great Massachusetts organizer of education). In 
 front of City Hall, colossal Franhlin, before noticed. 
 In Public Garden, equestrian Washington, by Thos. 
 Ball, also before noticed. 
 
 Churches of prominence : St. PauVs (Episcopal), 
 Tremont Street ; Christ Church (date 1722), Salem 
 Street ; Old South (date 1730), Washington and 
 Milk Streets; Brattle Street (Unitarian — date 1773), 
 Brattle Street ; Chapel (Unitarian — date 1750), 
 
 Tremont and School Streets; Parle Street (Congre- 
 gational, with finest spire in the city). Park Street, 
 /acing Tremont; Central (Congregational: consid- 
 ered the handsomest in the City), Berkeley and New- 
 bury Streets; Trinity (Episcopal — date 1735), Sum- 
 mer and Hawley Streets; Tremont Temple (general 
 devotional) Tremont Street ; Immaculate Conception 
 (Roman Catholic), Harrison Avenue, &c., &c. 
 
 In Libraries and Literary Institutions Boston is 
 peculiarly rich, the intellectual and educational 
 status of the City being especially enviable. Among 
 
120 
 
 SHOBT^miP GUIDE 
 
 the more notable libraries may be mentioned the 
 Boston Public Library ; the Athenmum^ (with gal- 
 lery of paintings and sculpture); the Mercantile; 
 American Academy of Arts and Sciences; Natural 
 History Society ; Massachusetts Historical Society ; 
 State^ LaiOy General Theological^ and others. 
 
 Commercial Buildings of much merit in architec- 
 ture abound in Boston ; though many of the finest 
 on Franlclin^ Devonshire, Summer, Washington, 
 Congress, and other streets, were destroyed in the 
 great fire of November, 9-lOth, 1872 — the largest 
 ever occurring in America, after that of Chicago, and 
 involving the loss of $70,000,000. Boston has won- 
 derful powers of recuperation, and great intrinsic 
 -resources, however; and already displays all its 
 former magnificence, with many improvements. 
 
 Principal Theatres, etc. the Boston Theatre (opera- 
 house, at intervals), Washington Street; Globe 
 Theatre (late Selwyn^s), Washington Street ; Boston 
 Museum, Treniont Street ; Howard Athenwum, How- 
 ard Street ; Music Hall, Winter Street, near Tre- 
 mont (with organ of immense size and power, se- 
 cond in the world), etc. Prominent Hotel Build- 
 ings (also Hotels): the American, Hanover Street; 
 Parker, School Street; SL James, Newton Street; 
 United States, Beach Street; Tremont, Tremont 
 Street ; Revere, Bowdoin Square, etc. 
 
 Excursions from the City, on foot, by horse-car, 
 or carriage, include those to Harvard Ukiyersity, 
 Cambridge, with 15 buildings, an Anatomical Mu- 
 
EOUTE NO, ASTERN 
 
 121 
 
 eeum, an Observatory, and the first educational rank 
 in the Western World ; to the Washington Head 
 Quarters (now residence of Professor LongfelloAV, the 
 poet.) also at Cambridge, with Tree, under which 
 Washington took command of the American forces; 
 to Mount Auburn Cemetery^ four miles from the city, 
 with Tower, commanding excellent view; Chape], 
 containing stained windows, busts of Adams, Win- 
 throp, Story, &c.; and Spurzheim, Bowditch, and 
 other handsome and attractive monuments in the 
 grounds; to Forest Hill and Mount IIo])e Cemete- 
 ries,^ Koxbury ; to Woodlaion Cemetery ^ near Chelsea ; 
 to Cochituate Lahe,^ whence the water-supply for Bos- 
 ton is drawn: to Wenham Lahe^^liQuQQ is derived 
 most of the American ice-supply for Europe; to 
 Fresh Pond, a place of summer resort near Mount 
 Auburn, etc. Those by boat or carriage will include 
 Nahant, bold headland on the east of the harbor, 
 once a fashionable watering-place, and always cool, 
 attractive and pleasant ; Lynn, near Nahant, famous 
 as the head of the shoe-manufacture of the world ; 
 Chelsea Beach, Swampscott and Phillips^ Beach, 
 northward of Naliant ; Nantashet Beach, south side 
 of the harbor, etc. 
 
 From Boston, also, may be conveniently reached 
 [by Boston and Lowell railroad], 
 
 Lowell, large and thriving town on the Merri- 
 mac Eiver, at its junction with the Concord. It is 
 the largest of the American manufacturing towns, 
 and considered the Manchester of the Western 
 
122 
 
 SnORT-TBIP GUIDE. 
 
 World, not less than 50 to CO large mills being em- 
 ployed in the manufacture of cottons, prints, ■woollens, 
 etc., and the operative labor reaching to the number 
 of from 14,000 to 15,000, a large majority females, of 
 rare intelligence for their class. The PctzViUclcct 
 Falls, near the city, furnish the water-power for all 
 the Mills, many of which, with the Falls themselves 
 and some of the principal buildings and public 
 grounds of the town, are worth examination. Lead- 
 ing Hotels : the Merrimac, Washington, and Ameri- 
 can, [Rail connection to Groton for all points 
 westward ; to Nashua, for points northward ; to 
 Laiorence, eastward, etc.J 
 
 May also be conveniently reached from Boston, 
 south-eastward, [Old Colony road], 
 
 Pltjioutii (“Plymouth Rock”), place of landing 
 of the Pilgrim Fathers, with Pilgrims' Hall and 
 many interesting relics of the early settlement ; and 
 Hew Bedeoud, on Vineyard Sound, at the head 
 of what remains of the whaling business, and a sea- 
 port of picturesque location and prominence; or [by 
 same and Cape Cod railroad]. 
 
 Cape Cod, Yarmouth, Hyannis, and all that wild 
 and desolate but interesting section of the Atlantic 
 
 coast. ^ 
 
 May also be conveniently reached from Boston, 
 (by Eastern railway, by Somerville, South Malden, 
 
 Chelsea, Lynn and Swampscott), 
 
 Saleji, very old town and port on the coast, with 
 a certain celebrity on account of the witch-burnings 
 
ROUTE NO, 4..-^ EASTERN. 
 
 m 
 
 and other events of Colonial times, and very pictur- 
 esque in location and many of its buildings ; but 
 much more notable, now, as at one time the residence 
 of Nathaniel Hawthorne and scene of his House of 
 the Seven Gables” and other stories. Also (by 
 Fitchburg Kailway), 
 
 Concord^ on the Concord branch of the Merrimao 
 River, noted for beauty of scenery in the neighbor- 
 hood, and in connection with the literary labors of 
 Henry D. Thoreau, Hawthorne, and others. 
 
 Also maybe visited by rail from Boston to Wood’s 
 Hole, and boat ; or from Fall River (New York 
 boat) ; or by steamer from New Bedford, 
 
 Martha’s Viisteyard, island off the coast, spot 
 selected every year in August for the great annual 
 Camp-Meeting of the Methodist denomination, and 
 now becoming a place of popular resort for bathing 
 and sea* shore residence, with hotels. (May also be 
 reached, direct from New York, by steamer for 
 Portland). 
 
ROUTE NO. 5.-EASTERN. 
 
 BOSTOK TO POETLAND, QUEBEC AKD MOEfTEEAL, BY 
 BOSTOiq- AKD MAIKE, EASTEEJ^-, AKD GEAI^U . 
 
 TEU^TK EOADS. 
 
 Division A. 
 
 BOSTOiq* TO AISTD AT POETLAl^D, BY BOSTOI^ ANI> 
 MAI^TE EOAD. 
 
 Leave Boston by rail on the Boston and Maine 
 railroad, by Medford, Melrose, South Reading Junc- 
 tion [connection for Iforth Danvers, Georgetown 
 and Newburyporf], Beading, Wilmington Junction 
 [connection for Lowell], and minor stations, to 
 Laweehce, large manufacturing town of the State 
 of Massachusetts, with heavy specialty of cotton and 
 prints, lying on the Merrimac Eiver, whence, by 
 means of a dam, the important water-power is de- 
 rived. Some of the mills are of immense size and 
 capacity, employing operators to the number of thou- 
 sands. Has a Common, a City Hall, and other build- 
 ings worth notice ; and an Operative Library form- 
 ing a special feature. [Eailway connection with 
 Lowell, and thence with Nashua and the North^ 
 with Boston and the South, &c. ; also Northwest 
 with Manchester, Concord, &c.] 
 
 Lawrence by N. Andover, Bradford [connection 
 for Georgetown and Newburyport\ Haverhill (with 
 fine long Bridge over the Merrimac to Bradford, and 
 
ROUTE NO. ^.—EASTERN 
 
 125 
 
 some educational institutions of prominence), Atkin- 
 son, Newton, &c., to 
 
 Exetee, New Hampshire, lying on Exeter Eiver, 
 and a place of importance in coasting commerce ana 
 manufactures; thence by S. Newmarket to 
 
 Newmarlcd Junction [connection west to Concord 
 and the Franconia Eange of the White Mountains ; 
 and east to 
 
 Portsmouth, New Hampshire, on the Piscataqua 
 Eiver, second city of the State in importance, with 
 a large and very fine harbor ; a United States Navy 
 Yard; and a connection, by bridge, with Kittery, 
 Maine, also an important naval station. From 
 Portsmouth can be reached Rye Beach and Hamyton 
 Beach.^ attractive bathing-places on the New Hamp- 
 shire coast, and the Isles of Shoals^ off the coast, 
 celebrated fishing and summer resorts.] 
 
 Pursuing the main line, Newmarket Junction, by 
 Newmarket, Durham, &c. (within sight of the broad 
 Piscataqua) to 
 
 Dover, New Hampshire, thriving town on the 
 Piscataqua. [Connection, west, for Alton Bay, Lake 
 Winnepesaukie, and the White Mountains.] 
 
 Dover, by Salmon Falls [connection for Great 
 Falls, Eochester, and to Alton Bay, &c.] ; by South 
 Berwick Junction [connection eastward for Kittery 
 and Portsmoutli] ; by Wells, Kennebunk, Biddeford, 
 Saco (large manufacturing village on the Saco Eiver, 
 with extensive water-power and very handsomQ 
 Laurel Hill Cemetery), West Scar boro. Cape Eliza- 
 beth, and minor stations, to 
 
126 
 
 SHORT-TRIP GUIDE. 
 
 Portland, commercial metropolis of the State of 
 Maine, and one of the most important cities of the 
 East, lying on a peninsula at the Southwest of Casco 
 Bay, with a very handsome and convenient location 
 and one of the deepest and best harbors on the At- 
 lantic coast. The harbor has many fine islands, and 
 is defended by Fort Preble and other extensive forti- 
 cations. A great fire, in 1866, destroyed a large por- 
 tion of the city, but the marks are now only visible 
 in the increased beauty of the well-laid-out and 
 handsomely-shaded city. From the Observatory^ 
 overlooking the harbor, fine views can be caught 
 over the sea and coast, and over the distant country, 
 West to the White Mountains. The most extensive 
 thoroughfare is Congress which runs the whole 
 distance of the peninsula. Among the most notable 
 buildings are the City Hall, Court House, Marine 
 Hospital, and some of the churches, manufacturing 
 and commercial structures. The Atheneum and 
 Mercantile Library have fine libraries; and the 
 Natural History Society possesses an excellent cabi- 
 net of varied character. Excursions from Portland 
 include the Islands in the Bay ; Cape Elizabeth, a 
 favorite bathing and fishing resort on south side of i 
 tne Bay; Sebago Pond; and many of minor in ter- 
 sest. Prominent Hotels at Portland: the Falmouth, 
 ^Preble, &c. 
 
 [The Allan Lines of steamships between Liver- 
 pool and Glasgow, and Halifax, Quebec and Mon- 
 treal, make Portland an important depot at all sea- 
 
ROUTE NO. ^.-EASTERN. 
 
 127 
 
 sous and the port and end of sea- route in the winter 
 season.] 
 
 [Kail way connection from Portland southward, i 
 by route just traversed; to Montreal and Quebec, by 
 Grand Trunk (see route followiDg); to A^igustcty 
 Bangor, Moosehead Lake, &c., by the Maine Central; 
 to Lake Winnepesaukie and the White Mountains, 
 by the North New Hampshire, &c.] 
 
 Division B. 
 
 BOSTOiT TO POKTLAKD, BY EASTEKIJ^ KAILROAD. 
 
 Leave Bostop by rail on the Eastern Eailroad, by 
 
 Lynx, important manufacturing town, on the 
 upper side of Boston Harbor, with specialty of the 
 most extensive shoe-manufacturing in the world; by 
 
 Sale^i, old town and port on the coast, with an 
 important history in colonial times, and interesting 
 reminiscences of Hawthorne (see p. 122); by 
 
 Beverly, celebrated as the home of the peculiar 
 New England dish, baked-beans (connections 
 eastward to Gloucester and Cape Ann) ; hj Ijpswich ; 
 
 Newbubypobt, town and coasting-seaport of 
 prominence, lying at the mouth of the Merrimac 
 Eiver, with a fine harbor and much beauty in loca- 
 cation and surroundings, and by many considered 
 one of the handsomest towns in Massachusetts. 
 Hotel, the Merrimac House. [Connection west for 
 Bradford, Loioell, &c.] 
 
128 
 
 SHORT^TBIP GUIDE, 
 
 Newburyport to 
 
 Salisbury^ small town of age and past importance, 
 and with a mingled celebrity as the place where 
 many considerable events in colonial history oc- 
 curred, of which, and past residents, many inter- 
 esting monuments remain in the neighborhood — as 
 also as the birthplace of the mother of Daniel Web- 
 ster, as that of Caleb Cushing, &c. [Connection 
 westward is made from Salisbury to Ameshury, pil- 
 grimage of no secondary importance as the home oi 
 one of the first of American poets, Johk G. 
 Whittiee.] 
 
 Salisbury to 
 
 POETSMOUTH, leading seaport and naval depot, 
 belonging to the State of New Hampshire, and the 
 only marine port of the 'State ; lying at the mouth 
 of the Piscataqua Eiver, with fine harbor, TJnited 
 States Navy Yard, costly dry-docks, and all appur- 
 tenances of such a station ; also with some interest- 
 ing churches, many fine buildings (some very old — 
 among others the Langdon residence), tomb of Sir 
 William Pepperell, well shaded streets, and much 
 celebrity as a place of summer resort, of itself and 
 as a place of departure for Eye Beach, Hampton 
 Beach, the Isles of Shoals, and other hot- weather 
 ^habitats. (See p. 125.) Hotels, the Philiriclc 
 RocTcingham, City, &c. 
 
 Across the Piscataqua lies the town of 
 
 Eittery, Maine, virtually a part of Portsmouth, 
 
ROUTE m, ^EASTERN. 
 
 ma 
 
 thoiigli in another State, and forming also a part of 
 the naval station. 
 
 Portsmouth to 
 
 Comuay Junction (connection westward for Con- 
 way and the White Mountains). To 
 
 South Berioich Junction, [Connection with the 
 Boston and Maine road, from the southward — iden- 
 tical with this route thence by Kennelunh, Bidde- 
 ford and Saco to Poetlai^d.] (See p. 126.) 
 
 Division O. 
 
 PORTLAND TO QUEBEC OR MONTREAL. 
 
 Leave Portland by rail on the Grand Trunk Eail- 
 way, by minor stations to Yarmouth Junction [con- 
 nection for Augusta, capital of the State of Maine, 
 lying on the Kennebec Kiver ; for Bangor, important 
 town on the Penobscot Eiver ; and for towns and 
 sections farther east] ; to DanviUc Junction [con- 
 nection for Bangor, for Shoiuhegan and Moosehead 
 Lalce] ; by minor stations to Gorham, at the north- 
 ern edge of the White Mountains [important inter- 
 sections, by stage-coaches, to and from the mountain 
 towns and resorts ; and views of the mountains, in 
 ♦ fine weather, peculiarly striking, from all this section 
 of the road] ; to Island Pond [connection, south- 
 westward, with the Connecticut and Passumpsic 
 Eiver Eailway, from Vermont and Franconia Notch 
 sections] ; to Stanstead [carriage communication 
 with Lake Memphremagog] ; to Sherirooh [another 
 
1285 FMOET-TRIP GUIDE. 
 
 connection with the Connecticut and Passumpsio 
 Kiver line] ; to Richmond [point of divergence of 
 the branches of the Crank Trunk road, to Montreal 
 and Quebec]. 
 
 Pursuing the route to Montreal: Eichinond by 
 St. Ilyacinthe, St. Prune, St. Ililaire, and other un- 
 important stations, to St. Lambert, on the St. Law- 
 rence River, the Victoria Bridge and Montreal. 
 
 Pursuing the route to Quebec: Richmond by 
 Danville, Afihahasca [connection by Bulstrode, to 
 DoiiceFs Landing, on St. Lawrence River, at lower 
 end of Lake St. Peter; thence by ferry to Ihree 
 Rivers, Canada] ; by Becancour, Black River, and 
 minor stations, to Chaudiere Junction [connection 
 for Riviere du Loup and Lower St. Lawrence] ; to 
 Point Levi, on the St. Lawrence, whence ferry to 
 
 Quebec. „ , , 
 
 [For notes of Montreal and Quebec, see Canadian 
 
 routes.] 
 
ROUTE NO. 6.-N0RTHERN AND EASTERN. 
 
 BOSTOl^ TO LAKE WIKKIPESAUKIE, THE WHITS 
 MOUKTAIHS AKH POKTLAHD (OPTIOH OP CAHA- 
 . DIAX cities) — BY BOSTOH AXD MAIHE RxVIL- 
 KOAD, &C. 
 
 Leave Boston by Boston and Maine railroad^ as by 
 route to Portland, &c. As by tliat route, to 
 Dover, New Ilampsliire. Thence Dover and Win- 
 nipesaukie road, by (S-onic, Rochester [junction ivith 
 road from Salmon Falls by Great Falls, and its ex- 
 tension northward to TInionvillel Farmington, 
 Davis’, New Durham and Alton, to 
 Alton Bay, fit the extreme southern point of Lahs 
 Winnijoesaiikie — pleasant residence, with fine views 
 of the Lake and mountains northward, but deriving 
 its principal importance from the railway and 
 steamer transit through it. From Alton Bay a visit 
 should be paid, if time allows, before proceeding 
 northward, by Lady of the Lake ” or other staunch 
 , little steamers on the Lake, to 
 ; WoLFBOEO’, on the eastern side of the Lake, a 
 I charming summer resort, with fine views, excellent 
 ! sailing and fishing, and much attraction and popu- 
 ! larity as a residence. Hotel: the Pavilion. [Stage- 
 1 coach may be taken at Wolfboro’, for proceeding 
 northward to Conway, without visiting Centre Har- 
 
130 
 
 8E0BT-TEIP GUIDE. 
 
 bor ; but this course is scarcely advisable on a first 
 visit] Wolfboro^ again by steamboat, through 
 charming lake-scenery, to 
 
 Oentke Harbor, larger village on the northern 
 shore of the Lake, the location of which is considered 
 unequalled by many tourists, as the Lake itself, 
 with its exquisite combination of island groups and 
 wooded shore, with bold mountains forming a back- 
 ground in all northerly directions, is one of the 
 very finest in America and with few superiors 
 elsewhere. Leading Hotel : the Senter Ilouse^ 
 Among the finest points of mountain view, from 
 Centre Harbor and elsewhere on the Lake, may be 
 named Mounh SalmonlrooJc^ Wliiteface, Ossipee, 
 MajoVy Cliicoruay Red Mountain (ascent by carriage 
 and on horseback), Kearsarge and Monadnock. 
 Many and charming excursions are made from the 
 village, on the lakes, to the mountains and elsewhere; 
 and among the most notable is that to Sqnani 
 Lakey lying a few miles west of Winnipesaukie 
 very romantic in scenery, and supplying rare trout 
 and other fishing. 
 
 At Centre Harbor stage-coach is taken, for re- 
 mainder of the route northward to the White Moun- 
 tains. This affords one of the most magnificent 
 rides attainable in the world, especially if fine 
 weather allows outside seats on the coach to be 
 used. The road leads up the Saco Eiver, along the 
 charming Conway Valley y with views of the Lake 
 district lingering behind, and others of the great 
 
BO TJTE NO. Q.--NOBTEEBN AND EASTERN. 131 
 
 mountain section continually changing ahead, and 
 with Mount Washington^ the monarch of the east- 
 ern range, often in sight. This ride terminates at 
 
 Nouth Cokway, a picturesque village lying in the 
 valley, from which the views of the White Eange are 
 something, in comparison, like those of Mt. Blanc 
 from Chamounix, while the number of .easy excur- 
 sions to celebrated points is almost unequalled. It 
 is here that many of the artists’ summer sketches, 
 especially of Kearsarge and Chicorua and the higher 
 peaks of the White Mountains, all in full view, are 
 made ; while the Ledges (grand perpendicular cliffs, 
 nearly one thousand feet in height) Artists^ Brooh 
 the Cathedral, Diana^s Bath, &c., are wnthin conve 
 nient reach. Prominent Hotels : the Kearsarge, 
 Washington, McMillan, Cliff, etc. 
 
 North Conway, by stage-coach or carriage, through 
 PinJcham Notch, surrounded by the lesser giants of 
 the White Eange, to the 
 
 House, with much fine scenery in the neigh- 
 borhood, but especially notable as being the nearest 
 of any of the mountain resorts to the great peaks of 
 the White Eange, and giving the rarest views of 
 them — as well as the point from which the ascent of 
 Mount Washington is made, by rail. Among the 
 points of interest to be visited from the Glen, are 
 Thompson's and Glen Ellis Falls, the former on the 
 Peabody Eiver, some two miles from the hotel, 
 and the latter on the Ellis, about four miles ; the 
 Crystal Cascade, near Glen Ellis; Garnet and 
 
132 
 
 SnOET-TBIP GUIDE. 
 
 Emerald Pools^ witli peculiar colors indicated by 
 their names, &c. But the speciality of the Glen 
 House, as before noted, is the 
 Ascent of Mount Washington^ by railway. The 
 features of this ascent need no description, especially 
 to those who have made Alpine crossings by rail. 
 It is considered eminently safe, has little fatigue in- 
 volved, and certainly supplies all the elements of the 
 picturesque and the exciting. Stout clothing is ad- 
 visable, if not always necessary. This ascent being 
 made in the morning, the top of the giant will be 
 reached at the most favorable hour, and the ivonder- 
 fill vieio from the summit enjoyed, if the capriciouf) 
 weather allows that great privilege. This view is 
 quite equal to that from the Ehigi or Pilatus, over 
 Switzerland, though perhaps lacking the variety in 
 scenery. To the v/est, in bright weather, are seen 
 the higher peaks of the Green Mountains of Yer* 
 mont ; southwest, some of the White and many of 
 the Franconia Range — especially Lafayette; north 
 and north-east, the other great peaks of the White 
 Range, and more distant the mountains of Canada ; 
 east the sea, beyond Portland ; southeast and south 
 those surrounding Lake Winnipesaukie, and that 
 Lake itself; while various rivers, small lakes, towns 
 and hamlets combine to make up a picture of mar- 
 vellous extent and beauty. Dinner is provided at 
 the Tip-Top House, on the summit, where during 
 the last seasons scientists have resided all winter, to 
 make observations. 
 
BO UTE m. (S.-^NOBTBERIS' AND EASTERN. 133 
 
 Horses (kept in y/aiting) and guides should he 
 taken at the summit, and. the descent made in the 
 other direction, crossing Mts. FranMin, Monroe and 
 Pleasant ; and the three wondrous gulfs, the Gulf 
 of Mexico., Tiiclcerman^s Ravine, and Oalces^ Gulf 
 (some or all of them containing deep snow in 
 midsummer) will be pointed out by the guides. 
 At the end of nine miles’ descent will be reached 
 the 
 
 Crawfoud House, lying in what is now called 
 the Willey Notch, and nearly at the foot of Alt, 
 Cranford, while Alt. Weister and other giants of the 
 range show grandly northward. The most marked 
 feature in the neighborhood of the Crawford, is 
 the 
 
 Willey House, standing at a short distance up the 
 Notch, where in 1836 a landslide from the mountain 
 aboye destroyed the family of the same name, and 
 their residence — of which catastrophe many relics 
 are yet pointed out and a few of them still offered 
 for sale. From the Crawford may also be made 
 the 
 
 Ascent of ML Willard, practicable either by car- 
 riage or on foot, and affording a most magnificent 
 series of views from near the summit ; as also visit 
 to the DeviVs Den, a cave of peculiar wildness and 
 some danger of access. Also may be visited, from the j 
 Crawford, Giiis’ Falls, a cascade of much beauty, ' 
 reached by short walk from the house. 
 
 From the Crawford House, by stage-coach or car- 
 
134 
 
 8H0RT-TEIP GUIDE. 
 
 riage, by the White Mountain House^ Falls of the 
 j Ammonoosuc, and Bethlehem, to the 
 
 Profile House, in the Franconia Notch. 
 
 [For notes on the Profile House and neighbor- 
 hood, see termination of route: ^^New York to the 
 TVliite Mountains, by New London, &c.” — Eoute 
 No. 7.] 
 
 [The tourist who has made his arrival at the 
 Franconia Notch by the just completed route from 
 Boston, and who yet wishes to return southward 
 without proceeding to either Quebec or Montreal, 
 should pursue one of the following named routes in 
 return, for the sake of variety in direction and 
 scenery. 1st. From Littleton (stage-coach from the 
 Profile House), by rail by Wells Kiver, Plj^mouth, 
 Weir’s Landing, Concord, Worcester and New Lon- 
 don, and steamboat of Norwich and Worcester line 
 from New London to New York. (See route No. 
 7 : New York to the White Mountains,” reversing.) 
 Or, 2d. From Littleton to Wells Eiver, and con- 
 tinue by rail by White Eiver Junction, Bellows 
 Falls, Springfield, Hartford and New Haven to New 
 York. Or, 3d. From Littleton to Wells Eiver, 
 White Eiver Junction, Bellows Falls, Eutland, Troy 
 or Albany ; and down the Hudson Eiver by boat or 
 rail to New York. Or, 4th. From Littleton to Wells 
 Eiver, White Eiver Junction, Burlington, boat on 
 Lake Champlain to Ticonderoga (for Lake George) 
 or Whitehall, Saratoga, Albany or Troy, and boat 
 or rail to New York.] 
 
ROUTE NO, ^.—NORTHERN AND EASTERN 135 
 
 [To go northward from Littleton to Montreal or - 
 Quebec. For Montreal, to White River Junction, 
 thence to Burlington, St. Allan^s. and St. John^s to 
 the Victoria Bridge and Montreal. For Quebec, 
 to Wells River, Newport (Lake Memphremagog), 
 Lenoxville, Richmond and Arthabascay to Point Levi 
 and ferry to Quebec.] 
 
ROUTE NO. 7.-N0RTHERN AND EASTERN. 
 
 STEW YORK TO THE WHITE MOUHTAIKS AHD CAKADA, 
 
 BY HEW LOHDOH, HORWICH AKD WORCESTER, 
 LAKE WIHHIPESAUKIE, ETC. ; OR BY HEW 
 LOHDOH AHD HORTHERH ROAD. 
 
 Division A. 
 
 BY HEW LOHDOH, HORWICH AHD WORCESTER, 
 MERRBIAC AHD WIHHIPESAUEIE ROUTE. 
 
 Leave New York at 5 P. M., on Sound, by Nor- 
 wich and Worcester boat, as by corresponding line 
 for Boston. (See Boston route : By boat by New 
 London, &c.”) As by that route, to New London^ 
 Norwich^ and to 
 
 Worcester, point of separation of the trains east- 
 ward for Boston and northward for the Mountains. 
 Worcester to 
 
 Oroton Junction [connections eastward for Con^ 
 cord and Bostoh; also eastward for Loivell and 
 Lawrence; also westward for the Hoosic Tunnel 
 (immense work of engineering, on the Mt. Cenis 
 plan, not yet completed), for Albahy, &c.] 
 
 Very soon after leaving Groton Junction comes into 
 view the Merrimac River ^ with the striking and pic- 
 turesque scenery of the 
 
 Valley of the Merrimac^ considered among the 
 
EO XITE NO. 7.--N0ET11BEN AND EASTEBN 137 
 
 finest rivers in New Englandj and tlienceforward ac- 
 companying tlie traveler almost to the foot of the 
 mountains. Next important point is 
 
 Manchester, New Hampshire, large and thriving 
 manufacturing village, on the Merrimac, the mills 
 and some other factories worthy of attention from 
 those whose leisure permits stoppage, but showing 
 even more than ordinary interest in manufacturing 
 detail, even from the train. Hotel: the Manchester 
 House. Manchester, still along the Merrimac, to 
 
 Concord, capital of the State of New Hampshire, 
 lying on the same river, and presenting many points 
 of attraction for visitor residence. It has handsome 
 public grounds; notable public buildings, in the 
 State House (recently rebuilt), the State Lunatic 
 Asylum^ State Prison^ and some of the municipal 
 and other erections ; and Main street^ the principal 
 thoroughfare, is remarkably long, fine and well 
 kept. It has great granite quarries in the neighbor- 
 hood, a considerable amount of manufactures and 
 much general prosperity. Leading Hotel : the Hagh 
 House. [Connection by rail, eastward to JDover^ 
 Portsmouthy &c. ; westward to the Connecticut 
 Valley routes northward and southward, &c.] Con- 
 cord (with distant but very fine views of the Win- 
 nipesaukie and White Mountains commencing, and 
 thence continuing, with infinite variations, to the 
 end of the route), by Sanbornton and other stations 
 to 
 
 Wnr^s Landing, at the western edge of Lahe 
 
138 
 
 8H0BT-TBIP GUIDE. 
 
 WinnipesaulciOj with yery fine yiews oyer the Lake 
 and its many islands. [Connection, by boat on the 
 Lake, for Centre Harlot or Wolfboro^ and thence by 
 stage-coach for Conway and the White Kange.] 
 Weir’s Landing, by Meredith, &c., to 
 
 Plymouth, at the foot of the mountains, with 
 splendid yiews southward and many attractions as a 
 place of sojourn. Hotel : the Femiyatuasset. (Lei- 
 surely pause, for dinner). 
 
 [At Plymouth stage-coach or priyate carriage 
 may be taken, for the splendid drive of twenty-five 
 to thirty miles, up through the Valley of the Pemi- 
 gawasset, to the Profile House — during which a. se- 
 ries of yiews will be enjoyed, approaching the moun- 
 tains, not often equalled in any land.] 
 
 From Plymouth, by rail, literally among the moun- 
 tains, and among glorious scenery, to 
 
 Wells River [connection westward for Montpelier 
 (capital of the State of Vermont) and Northern 
 Vermont; southward for White River Junction. 
 Eoute may also be pursued northward, either before 
 or after visiting the Franconia Notch, to Pfezvpori 
 and the beautiful Lake Memphremagog, lying on 
 the border between Vermont and Canada, and offer- 
 ing fine views, picturesque scenery, excellent fishing, 
 and many other attractions. Or, the same route 
 may be pursued, to Newport, thence on by way of 
 Eichmond, &c., to Quebec, or bending westward 
 from Richmond, to Montreal.] 
 
 Wells Eiver, through even grander scenery than 
 that from Plymouth, to 
 
nOUTE NO. 7.— NORTHERN AND EASTERN 139 
 
 Littleton, small village at the entrance of the Fran- 
 conia Notch, whence stage-coach is taken, for the 
 ride through the Notch, with many of the best 
 features of American mountain scenery, to the 
 Peofile House. [For notes on the Profile House 
 and neighborhood, see immediately following.] 
 
 Division B. 
 
 BY LOKDOK AKD THE HEW LOHDOH HOETK- 
 
 EEH EOUTE. 
 
 New York by Norwich and Worcester boat on the 
 Sound, 5 P. M., as by route just concluded, to 
 . Ne?v London, (Later rest is secured, by this 
 route, than by that by Worcester and Winnipesau- 
 kie, from the non-necessity of taking tlie train until 
 5 A. M.) From New London by rail, by Norwich^ 
 through a very pleasant and prosperous part of the 
 State of Connecticut, and past villages embodying 
 large manufacturing interests ; by (man- 
 
 ufacturing village, with railway connections west- 
 ward to the Hartford, Providence and Fishkill road) ; 
 by Tolland, Stafibrd, Monson, &c., to Palmer [con- 
 nections eastward to Worcester and Bostoh, west- 
 ward to Springfield, for either Hartford, New Haven 
 and New Yoek, or Pittsfield, Albany and Troy']. 
 Palmer to Amherst, where the peculiarly splendid 
 scenery of the line, embodying the bold character- 
 istics of the Green Mountain region of Vermont, 
 may be said properly to begin, continuing thence all 
 the way to White Eiver Junction. Amherst to 
 
140 
 
 SHOET-TBIP GUIDE. 
 
 Oroufs Corners, important station. [Connections^ 
 eastward to Fitcliburg, Groton and Boston ; west- 
 ward to Greenfield, North Adams, &c., and to 
 Albania and Troy.] Grout^s Corners, by South 
 Vernon, to 
 
 Bkattleboko, Vermont, thriving town on the 
 Connecticut Eiver, with some manufactures, a spe- 
 cialty of being markedly healthy as a residence, and 
 a jState Lunatic Asylum bearing a very high reputa- 
 tian. Brattleboro to 
 
 Belloms Falls, also on the Connecticut Eiver, de- 
 riving its singular name from an ancient peculiarity 
 of the river in the neighborhood. [Connections 
 northwest to Eutlandy B^irlingtony Lake Champlain, 
 &c. ; and southeast to Keene, Groton^ Bostok, &c.} 
 Bellows Falls by Claremont and Windsor, to 
 
 White River Junction, at the intersection of the 
 White Eiver with the Connecticut, important place 
 of transfer in cross-travel. [Connections, west to 
 Rutland, Whitehall, Saratoga, &c. ; northwest to 
 Montpelier, Burlmgton, Rouse^s Point and Canada ; 
 east to Concord, Salem, Boston, &c.] White Eiver 
 Junction to 
 
 Wells River. [Northern connections to Newport, 
 Lahe Memphremagog, Quebec or Montreal, as in last 
 previous route.] 
 
 Wells Eiver io Littleton; thence by stage-coach 
 as before noted, to the 
 
 Pkofile House. 
 
BO UTE NO. l.-^NOBTHEBN AND EASTERN 141 
 
 Division C. 
 
 AT AKD ABOUT THE PROFILE HOUSE (FRAHCOHIA 
 
 hotch). 
 
 Probably no section of mountain scenery in 
 America, of like extent, presents so many points of 
 interest and beauty as appear in the Franconia 
 Notch, though in the detail of absolute grandeur it 
 can by no means claim the same distinction. 
 Taking the Profile House as the central point, the 
 principal objects may be found grouped around it 
 within very brief distance, as follows : 
 
 Echo Lahe, lyiug within a few hundreds of yards, 
 embosomed in fine woods, under the brow of Eagle 
 Cliffy afibrding fine views of 3IL Lafayette^ charm- 
 ing boating, and a repetition of echoes (from the 
 Cliff), scarcely second to those of the Eagle’s Nest 
 at KOlarney. The 
 
 Cannon ilountain, at the base of which the Pro- 
 file House stands, and ascended from it, with mod- 
 erate difficulty, a magnificent view being the re- 
 ward. On the top of the mountain, at near the brow 
 overhanging the valley, some rocks, singularly dis- 
 posed, suggest the shape of a Cannon.^ mounted on 
 its carriage, whence the name; and the extreme 
 brow of the mountain itself forms, in a peculiar com- 
 bination of great rocks, the 
 
 Old Man of the Mountain^ colossal face, sixty feet 
 in height from chin to brow, hanging over the im- 
 mense gulf, and perfect in every detail of a majestic 
 
J43 
 
 SHOBT-TEIP GUIDE. 
 
 human face, as seen from the road at some distance 
 below the Profile (which of course takes its name 
 from that view). Below this, which is undoubtedly 
 the most striking single curiosity of all the range, 
 lies the little Profile LaTce, sometimes called the 
 ^^Old Man’s Bath,” or Washbowl,” or ‘^Mirror,” 
 affording a wonderful reflection of the stony face in 
 calm weather, and said to be full of fine trout. A 
 mile below the Profile is to be reached (ride or 
 walk), the Basin, pool of remarkable shape and 
 character, and Old Man's Foot, lying in it in colos- 
 sal stone. Thence, five miles further, the Flume 
 House, summer resort, now disused; and near it 
 
 The Flume, only second to the Old Man of the 
 Mountain as a great natural curiosity, being an im- 
 mense fissure or split in the solid rock of the moun- 
 tain, varying from 10 to 20 feet in width, and the 
 walls from 20 up to 100 feet in height, with a small 
 rapid stream brawling over rough stones below, and 
 a boarded walk up the gorge. At one point, a huge 
 oval stone, of many tons in weight, hangs by the 
 two points midway up the chasm ; and at another 
 a dangerous bridge has been thrown over, at the 
 top, by the falling of a tree. At no great distance 
 from the Flume lies 
 
 The Pool, a literal hole in the rock, of great depth 
 and singularity of appearance, reached by a difficult 
 climb down the bank, and formerly the abode of a 
 strange madman named Merrill, who paddled visi 
 tors round it in a crazy boat, declared it the ‘^-centra 
 
BO UTE NO. l.-^NORTHEBN AND EASTERN. 143 
 
 of the earth,” and exhibited a letter to him from 
 Queen Victoria, dated at the Kitchen of Bucking- 
 ham Palace ! 
 
 From the front of the Flume House and neigh- 
 borhood is to be seen a natural wonder of great 
 prominence, the 
 
 ■ Dead Washington^ being the profile face and form 
 of that hero, in a recumbent position and as if 
 shrouded, lying at a length of miles, the shape sup- 
 plied by the shapes and position of several moun- 
 tains of the Haystack group. May also be seen, be- 
 tween the Profile and the Flume, at some distance 
 from the road, WalTce fs Falls, a fine cascade ; and 
 two miles below the Flume, Georgiana Falls, the 
 largest in the range. 
 
 Of Ascents from the Profile, besides that of the 
 Cannon, the principal are those of 
 
 Mount Lafayette, the highest peak of the Franco- 
 nia I^ange, and commanding a fine view, with only 
 a limited amount of toil (horseback or foot) — and 
 Bald Mountain, a lower elevation, but still with fine 
 view (carriage). 
 
 [From the Profile House to Crawford House, 
 (carriage) for the White Eange and ascent of Mount 
 Washington from that direction, with descent by 
 rail to the Glen House; or to Littleton, Wells Eiver 
 and White Eiver Junction, for pursuance of the 
 route to Canada.] 
 
ROUTE 8 -NEAR WESTERN. 
 
 NEW YORK, BY RAIL, BY THE NEW JERSEY CITIES, 
 TO AND AT PHILADELPHIA. 
 
 Division A. 
 
 NEW YORK TO PHILADELPHIA, BY THE PENNSYL- 
 VANIA RAILROAD. 
 
 Leave New York by the Pennsylvania Eailroad, 
 by ferry from foot of Cortlandt street, or foot of 
 Desbrosses street; cross the Hudson river, to 
 
 Jersey City, a large and thriving town, lying in 
 the State of New Jersey, but really a suburb and 
 connection of New York, with which most of its 
 more important business interests are identified. It 
 is growing and improving rapidly, is laying out pub- 
 lic grounds, has extensive Water-Works, and enjoys 
 the specialty of the Gunard Docks near the ferry, 
 from which sail all the steamers of that popular line. 
 Hotels, Taylor^ s, American^ FisTds^ &c. From Jer- 
 sey City, by rail, across flat and uninteresting j 
 country, to 
 
 Newark, on the Passaic River, now largest city 
 in the State, and one of the handsomest, as well as j 
 most important in point of manufactures, especially | 
 of leather, carriages and fancy work. [Reached by | 
 steamboat and other water-conveyance from New | 
 
BOUTS NO. n.—NEAE WESTEEK 145 
 
 York. Also reached from New York by train on 
 the Newark and New York road, from foot of 
 Liberty street ; and (northern portion) by the Mor- 
 ris and Essex road, from foot Barclay street.] It is 
 regularly laid out; has two handsome parks, many 
 charming drives in the neighborhood ; a great num- 
 ber and variety of the residences of the wealthy on 
 Broad and other principal streets ; some public 
 buildings worthy of attention (including the Post 
 Office^ City Hall, County Court House and several 
 of the many churches) ; and is famed for the excep- 
 tional beauty of its female population, as seen, on 
 promenade or elsewhere. Hotel : the Newark House. 
 Prom Newark visit may be paid to Orange, very 
 beautiful village, lying near, at the north; to the 
 Orange Mountains ; to the popular place of resort, 
 Llewellyn Park, &c. Or, they may be reached di- 
 rectly from New York by the Morris and Essex 
 road, foot of Barclay street.] Newark to 
 Elizabeth, smaller town somewhat resembling 
 Newark in appearance and general characteristics, 
 though, less notable in manufactures and possibly ex- 
 celling the other in the finished beauty of some of 
 its suburban grounds and wealthy residences. Has 
 i the specialty of being passed through, daily, by 
 ; more railway trains than almost any other town in 
 I America, two great lines intersecting in it, and an 
 immense coal-trade from Eastern Pennsylvania 
 passing through it to its adjoining town and the 
 ^principal entrepot and shipping-port of that article, 
 
146 
 
 SnOBT-TRIP GUIDE. 
 
 Elizabetliport. Kivals Newark in female beauty, in 
 fasliion and the wealth of residents. [Also reached 
 from New York by the New Jersey Central road, 
 foot of Liberty street.] Elizabeth to 
 
 Ralitoay, handsome village, also much affected as 
 a residence of citizens, and with specialty of con- 
 siderable manufactures, for the Southern and other 
 markets. Rahway to 
 
 New Brunswick, one of the oldest towns in the 
 State, though inferior in size to several others. It 
 is pleasantly situated on the Raritan River, has a 
 considerable amount of manufactures, and is the 
 point of entrance into the Raritan River and Bay of 
 the same name (Lower New York Bay), of the Dela- 
 ware and Raritan Canals from the Delaware River 
 at Bordentown. Its principal celebrity, however, 
 lies in its being the seat of Rutgers College, and the 
 Theological Seminary of the Reformed Dutch 
 Church, both old and influential institutions, hold- 
 ing excellent rank. Among the buildings best worth 
 notice, are those of the College, on an elevated 
 square, wdthin view from the railway; the Theo- 
 logical Hall ; the County Buildings, in the public 
 square ; and several churches of prominence. Many 
 fine drives are to be enjoyed by those making stay, 
 into the handsome and well-cultivated country in 
 the neighborhood, to Bound Broolc, &c. Leading 
 Hotels, the Railroad, Bulls Head, &c. 
 
 Beyond New Brunswick, the railw^ay is accom- 
 panied for much of the distance by the Delaware 
 
ROUTE NO. ^.—NEAR WESTERN 
 
 147 
 
 and Karitan Canal. At Monmouth Junction inter- 
 section is made for Freehold, the Battle Ground of 
 Monmouth, and south-eastern portions of the State. 
 Next stopping place of importance, 
 
 Pkincetois' — S tation, the town lying away at the 
 right, though in sight, and steam connection in wait- 
 ing. Princeton is another of the old and import- 
 ant towns of the State, with a peculiar status in Rev- 
 olutionary history as having been the scene of one of 
 Washington's most memorable conflicts, of which the 
 field extends from the town itself to what is called 
 the Battle Ground,^^ more than a mile distant. Its 
 more marked celebrity, however, lies in its being the 
 seat of the College of Neio Jersey (called alternately, 
 
 Princeton College,’^ and often, from one of the 
 oldest buildings, Nassau Hall.’^) It is also the seat 
 of the Theological Seminary of the Presbyterian de- 
 nomination, in connection with the College, which 
 has long enjoyed a very high reputation, and which 
 is now presided over by the celebrated Scotch di- 
 vine, Dr. McCosh, late of Queen’s College, Belfast. 
 The grounds of the College (like many of those of 
 the town) are very handsome. Peale’s Washing- 
 ton,” in the College library, is a picture of merit and 
 historical interest. To the College has also lately 
 been added an Astronomical Olservatory, with fine 
 instruments. 
 
 Beyond Princeton is soon reached 
 
 TRENTOiq', capital of the State of New Jersey, 
 lying on the left or east bank of the Delaware river, 
 
3148 
 
 8E0BT-TEIP GUIDE. 
 
 and famous as the scene of Washington’s Crossing 
 the Delaware/’ Dec., 1776. It is a thriving manu- 
 facturing town, especially preeminent in iron works ; 
 and has very costly constructions connected with 
 the passage through the town of the Delaware and 
 Raritan Canal. [Railroad connection, north, for 
 Belvidert, Easton, and the Upper Delaware and 
 Pennsylvania Coal-Regions ; and south to Borden^^ 
 town, and by that route to Philadelphia.] The 
 principal erections of prominence are the State 
 House, modern and very handsome (with valuable 
 Revolutionary memorials in the Library) ; the State 
 Lunatie Asylum, Arsenal, Penitentiary, and some 
 of the County huildings. The views over the Dela- 
 ware and the Pennsylvania shore opposite, from 
 some portions of the town, are very fine and memor- 
 able. Prominent hotels, the American and Trenton. 
 
 [Optional route may be taken, at Trenton, by 
 rail, down the Delaware River to Bordentown and 
 Camden, thence to Philadelphia by ferry. See 
 Division B. of this route.] 
 
 At Trenton the Delaware River is crossed, by- 
 bridge, to the State of Pennsylvania, by 
 
 Bristol, handsome and thriving village of that 
 State, and by Franhford (with a United States 
 Arsenal) ioGermantown o.ni}i West Philadelphia, jyoint 
 of debarkation for 
 Philadelphia. 
 
ROUTE NO. B.--NEAR WESTERN 
 
 149 
 
 Division B. 
 
 NEW YORK TO PHILADELPHIA, BY CAMDEN AND 
 AMBOY ROUTE. 
 
 Leave New York by Pennsylvania Eailroad, from 
 foot of Oortlandt street, or foot Desbrosses street, as 
 by Division A, of this route ; by Jersey City^ 
 Newarlcy and Elizaleth, to Rahway. (See Division 
 A.) Thence diverging to 
 
 Woodbridge, handsome village on the creek of the 
 same name, emptying into Staten Island Sound; 
 thence to 
 
 Perth Amboy, old but decayed seaport, once ex- 
 pected to become the rival of New York, especially 
 in the India and tea trade, and with the noted 
 Thomas H. Smith tea warehouses still standing. 
 From Perth Amboy by ferry (or bridge), to 
 South Amboy, former place of debarkation from 
 the New York steamers of the Camden and Amboy 
 boat line. [Prom South Amboy, all-rail route 
 to Keyport, Middletown and Long Branch, of the 
 Central Railroad of New Jersey.] From South 
 Amboy continue by rail to 
 Jamesburg, thriving small town, with State Reform 
 School for Boys. [Connection southward to Freehold, 
 thence to Long Branch and the south-east ; and 
 northward to Pennsylvania Railroad at Monmouth 
 Junction, for Newark, Trenton, &c.] Thence to 
 
150 8E0BTTB1P GUIDE, 
 
 Granlerry, HigJitstown [connection to Pemberton 
 and southwest] and 
 
 Boedentowk, handsome large village on the 
 Delaware, and point of entrance into that river of 
 the Delaware and Earitan Canal ; famous as having 
 long been the residence (at Point Breeze — grounds 
 to the right) of Joseph Bonaparte, ex-king of Spain. 
 [Connection by boat down the Delaware to Phila- 
 delphia ; by rail to Trenton, &c. J Bordentown to 
 
 Buelikgtoh, also lying on the Delaware, and 
 considered one of the handsomest towns in the 
 State. It is the seat of Burlington College (Episco- 
 pal), and of several notable male and female schools. 
 [Connection by boat to Philadelphia and Borden- 
 town ; by rail to Mount Holly and other towns in the 
 interior of the State.] Burlington by Beverley and 
 other minor places, to 
 
 Camden, on the Delaware, opposite Philadelphia. 
 Thriving town, with much agricultural and some 
 manufacturing industry, and residence of many 
 Philadelphians. [Connection by West Jersey Eail- 
 road southward to Bridgeton*, south-eastward to 
 Millville and Cape May, favorite sea-coast resort 
 at the Capes of the Delaware ; eastward by the 
 Camden and Atlantic to Atlantic City, another 
 favorite watering place on the New Jersey coast of 
 the Atlantic; and by Pemb. and Hightstown road to 
 the New Jersey Southern, Long Branch and New 
 York]. Ferry across the DelawasTe to 
 
 Philadelphia. 
 
ROUTE NO. ^.—NEAR WESTERN. 
 
 150a 
 
 Division C. 
 
 XEW YORK TO PHILADELPHIA, BY THE “NEW 
 
 line” — (n. j. central, bound brook, 
 
 AND NORTH PENN.) 
 
 Leave New York by tlie New Jersey Central Rail- 
 road, by boat from foot of Liberty street, to Long- 
 Dock, Communipaw. By cars of the New Jersey 
 Central Road (see Route 13, pp. 206 and 207), to 
 Elizabeth, Westfield, Plainfield (with Washington’s 
 Rock near), and intermediate stations, to 
 
 Bound Broolc, a village of some prominence on the 
 Raritan River, a few miles above New Brunswick, to 
 which there is stage communication from it, and 
 also to Basking Ridge, beyond. Within two miles 
 is “Chimney Rock,” a somewhat celebrated land- 
 mark of the neighborhood; and near Bound Brook 
 was fought a battle between the British and Amer- 
 icans, with defeat of the latter, in 1777; as also the 
 American Army encamped a few miles to the north- 
 west, in the winter of 1778-9. 
 
 At Bound Brook the line is continued, taking the 
 rail of the Delaware and Bound Brook road (though 
 with no change of cars — the whole line being run 
 under one management) ; within a short distance of 
 Princeton (see Route 8, p. 147), to which present 
 stage-connection, with branch-rail to follow ; by 
 Hopewell (branch rail to Trenton), to 
 
 Yardleyville, on the Delaware, where that river is 
 crossed, on a new and magnificent iron bridge — the 
 crossing affording fine view of the river and sur- 
 roundings. (From Yardleyville to Trenton, con- 
 
150& 
 
 SBOBT-miP GUIDK 
 
 nection by the Belviclere Delaw 've Eailroacb) From 
 Yardleyville, through Bucks County, Pa., by New- 
 town, to junction with the Main Line of the North 
 Pennsylvania Eailroad, at 
 
 JenJcintown. From Jenkintown, by the North 
 Penn, road, direct to Philadelphia. 
 
 [The North Pennsylvania Eailroad, with which 
 connection is here formed, as above noted, at Jen- 
 kintown, supplies one of the great trunk lines of 
 Pennsylvania, forming a favorite and most available 
 route to the North, Niagara Falls, the Lakes, etc. 
 By this line, for the North, from Philadelphia, by 
 Abington, Lahsdale (connection to Doylestown and 
 Norristown), to 
 
 Bethlehem, important town on the Susquehanna 
 Eiver (connection to Easton, etc., and the East). 
 Thence by Lehigh Valley Eailroad, through one of 
 the most picturesque portions of Pennsylvania, along 
 the Valley of the Lehigh, by Allentown (connection 
 to New York and the East, by the ‘^Allentown 
 Line” — see Eoute 13); by Mauch ChunJc; the Switch 
 Back; Glen Onoko, etc., to 
 
 WiLKESBAKRE, important town and one of the great 
 centres of the ^coal-region, lying on the Susquehanna 
 Eiver. (Harvey’s Lake and the beautiful valley of 
 Wyoming may be reached in a few miles drive). 
 From Wilkesbarre, by the same road, to Waverley 
 or Elmira, on the Erie road; and by the Lake Dis- 
 tricts (Geneva, Cayuga, Seneca, etc.), to Niagara, 
 the great Lakes, Canada, etc.] 
 
ROUTE NO. %.^NEAR WESTERN. 151 * 
 Division D. 
 
 AT AND ABOUT PHILADELPHIA, WITH EXCUB- 
 SIOXS. 
 
 Philadelphia, most important city of Pennsyl- 
 vania, second in the Union in point of population, 
 largest of all in the extent of ground comprised 
 within city limits, and dividing with Boston the 
 claim of being the most influential after the com- 
 mercial metropolis — lies on the Delaware Eiver, at 
 about one hundred miles from its mouth at Dela- 
 ware Bay, and above and very near the debouchure 
 into that river of the Schuylkill, the latter stream 
 running through the city at its western extremity 
 and adding materially to the beauty and healthful- 
 ness of location. It is well known to have been 
 founded by William Penn, the Quaker, and to be 
 the headquarters of his denomination (whence its 
 soiidriquet^ the Quaker City ; and it enjoys, in 
 addition, the distinction of being the most regu- 
 larly built city on the continent if not in the world, 
 the mass of its streets lying at right angles and 
 giving it an appearance of primness alternately 
 counted a charm and a blemish. From this latter 
 feature, combined with all the streets running par- 
 allel with the Delaware being numbered, from one 
 upward — ^and the space between each of these 
 |.streets, on the intersecting ones, numbered as one 
 ! hundred, in supplying street-numbers — ^less diffi- 
 I 3ulty is involved, in the stranger finding his way 
 
152 
 
 SnOIiT-TEIP GUIDE, 
 
 tlirougli and about it, tlian througli any oilier city 
 in the world, of corresponding size. Still addition- 
 ally it should be noted that the street-car system is 
 wonderfully complete and perfect, routes crossing 
 each other at short distances, and a system of 
 transfers from one route to another making 
 transit much easier and cheaper than it could other- 
 wise be found. Carriage-hire, cheaper than in New 
 York, though high; not differing materially from 
 the same detail at Boston. 
 
 Philadelphia has many notable Streets, of which 
 the characteristics are worth study, for their indi- 
 vidual and collective character. First among these 
 is Chestnut Street, at once business and fashionable, 
 on which are located some of the best hotels, and 
 which has by far the handsomest display of shop- 
 fronts on the continent. Next to this, perhaps, is 
 Marhet Street, wide thoroughfare, dividing the 
 cross-streets into North and ^"South,’^ and dis- 
 playing much railway traffic and other heavy trade. 
 Arch and Walnut are also both business streets of 
 importance. The Exchange stands in Dock Street, 
 between Walnut and Spruce; and much of the 
 commercial and financial force of the city is to be 
 found in that neighborhood, and near the Delaware, 
 between Shippen Street, on the South, and Vine 
 Street, on the North, and Front Street to Sixth 
 Street, in the cross direction. Fourteenth Street is 
 ordinarily called Broad Street, and has much fash- 
 ion and many prominent buildings. Ridge and 
 
ROUTE NO. ^.—NEAR WESTERN ' 
 
 153 
 
 Girard Avenues hold position as places of fashion- 
 able residence, and drives leading to Girard College, 
 Fairinount Park, etc. 
 
 Of Public Buildings there are many of import- 
 ance and interest. The first place is held, histori- 
 cally, by hidependencG Hall, Chestnut street, nota- 
 ble as having been the place of signing of the 
 Declaration of Independence from Great Britain, 
 Fourth of July, 1776. Some historical pictures of 
 value, statues, and many relics are preserved there ; 
 and among others the Liberty Bell,’^ rung at the 
 time of the Declaration, and bearing the strangely 
 appropriate inscription: Proclaim liberty through- 
 out the land to all the inhabitants thereof.’^ (Admis- 
 sion to the Hall, every day, 9 to 2). The building 
 and wings are now used as public offices. A re- 
 cently erected statue of Washington fronts the main 
 entrance. Next of the public buildings in import- 
 ance, is Girard College, on Kidge Avenue, some two 
 miles from the city centre — the several buildings 
 modern and of fine architecture, and the grounds 
 handsome, but its principal celebrity (it has very 
 little as an educational institution) lying in the 
 strange will and bequest of Stephen Girard, the 
 merchant, which founded it, and which among other 
 odd features, allows no clergyman to enter it even 
 on a visit. Next in importance is the United States 
 Mint, Chestnut street, with very perfect and inter- 
 esting processes and a splendid collection of coins 
 ^ (admission daily, 9 to 12). Besides these, there are 
 
154 
 
 SEOBT-TPdP GUIDE. 
 
 the CiLstM House (formerly the United States 
 Bank), Chestnut street; the Exchange, Dock street; 
 the University of Pennsylvania, Ninth street near 
 Chestnut; Jefferson Medical College, Tenth street 
 near Chestnut; the Pennsylvania Hospital, Pine 
 street; Pennsylvania Insane Asylum, Phila- 
 delphia (y/ith West’s great picture of Christ Heal- 
 ing the Sick’’); U. S. Marine Hospital, near the 
 Nayy Yard; the Franklin Atheneum, and otlier 
 library and literary buildings ; Pennsylvania Acad- 
 emy of Fine Arts (with many good pictures : open 
 daily), Chestnut street ; Eastern Penitentiary, 
 Coates street, near Girard College; U^iion League 
 Club House, Broad street ; Masonic Temple, Broad 
 street; Ledger Building, Sixth and Chestnut; and 
 many Banks, Insurance Buildings, Kailway Offices 
 and Dwellings, of much costly beauty. The office- 
 erections of the Pennsylvania and Reading Rail- 
 roads, on Fourth street, are especially notable, as 
 well as the freight and market buildings of those 
 roads on Market street. Among the noblest of the 
 other buildings named, are LippincoHs great Book- 
 House, Market street ; the Mutual Life Insurance 
 Building, Chestnut street ; Farmers^ Market, Mar- 
 ket street; Qirard Bank, Third street; Fidelity 
 Deposit building. Provident Life building, Penn- 
 sylvania Life building, Bank of the Republic, Old 
 Masonic Temple, &c., all on Chestnut street; West- 
 ern Saving Fund, Tenth and Walnut, &c. 
 
 In xintiquities Philadelphia possesses, besides In- 
 
ROUTE NO. ^.-NEAR WESTERN. 
 
 155 
 
 dependence Hall (already mentioned), Carpenter' s 
 Hall, Chestnut street, used for the first assembling 
 of the Colonial Congress ; Ilultzheimefs, where i 
 Jefierson wrote the Declaration, cor. Market and 
 Seventh streets; the Grave of FranTclin., cor. Arch 
 and Fifth streets; Indian Queen Hotels once resi- 
 dence of Jefferson, cor. Market and Front streets ; 
 Penn Cottage, Letitia street, near Second; Pen7i 
 Treaty Monument, Beach street, Kensington ; Old 
 Stuedes- Clmrcli, Swanson street; London Coffee 
 House, Front and Market streets ; Birth-place of 
 the Flag, 239 Arch street; the Old Penn House, 
 near Fairmount ; Old Belmont Mansion, near Fair- 
 mount ; part of Pemi^s Ehn Tree, in collection of 
 Historical Library Association ; and others of minor 
 importance. 
 
 Of Public Grounds Philadelphia has more than 
 the average in both variety and beauty. Faie- 
 MOUKT Paek, on the Schuylkill (in connection with 
 the long'Celebrated Fairmount Water- Worlcs), is 
 one of the largest parks in the world (containing 
 over three thousand acres), with the Schuylkill, a 
 noble and navigable river, running through it, and 
 the upper portion containing the Wissahickon, a 
 smaller river tributary to the Schuylkill, admitted 
 on all hands to be singularly lovely in w^ood and 
 water effects. Though this Park has been but a_ 
 few years in course of construction, it has already 
 assumed magnificent proportions, even as compared 
 with the great parks of the Old "World; and it was 
 
166 
 
 8H0BT-TEIP GUIDE, 
 
 within this Park, in the broad grounds lying east- 
 ward of George’s Hill, one of the highest emi- 
 nences of the whole, that the Centennial Exhibi- 
 tion, in honor of the one hundred years of Ameri- 
 can Independence was held, from the lOth of May 
 to the loth of November, 1876, in a range of the 
 largest buildings yet erected by any of the nations 
 for similar purposes. And here, in the Main Exhi- 
 bition Building (still preserved, with Horticultural 
 Hall, the Art Gallery, St. George’s Hall, &0.), — tho 
 Permanent Exhibition commenced with May lOtb, 
 1877, after the worthy pattern of that at the Syden- 
 ham Crystal Palace. Many of the Bridges are nota- 
 ble for beauty as well as strength, and must form a 
 feature in the future celebrity of the Park. The Sus- 
 pension Bridge, at the "Water-Works,, was built by 
 Col. Ellett, the constructor of the Niagara Suspeii- 
 ■ sion Bridge, and afforded a model for the latter. The 
 new Grand avenue bridge drive over the Schuylkill, 
 between the East and West Parks, though a level 
 erection, is very graceful, and the widest in the 
 world. Near it, the New York Eailroad Bridge 
 contrasts well with its rival, though entirely differ- 
 ent in character, combining round end-arches with 
 one wide flat trussed centre ; and the minor erections 
 of the same character display taste blended with 
 ' solidity. Of art in its more ordinary sense, the two 
 most prominent objects, thus far, are the elegant 
 monument to Frederick Graff, first engineer of the 
 Water- Works, near the works themselves, and a 
 bronze sitting statue of President Lincoln, within 
 
ROUTE NO. ^-NEAR WESTERN. 
 
 157 
 
 the lower entrance, near the Wire Bridge. There 
 are also some line fountains. 
 
 The grounds purchased for the Park contained 
 many old houses, some of them of much interest; 
 and the best of these have been judiciously preserv- 
 ed. Among the most notable is the house once 
 belonging to John Penn, grandson of William, and 
 owned by descendants until the present purchase. 
 On a part of the same property stand the Lans- 
 downe Pines — two trees of great size, age and 
 grandeur of appearance. Even more interesting 
 than the Penn house is the Belmont Mansion, also 
 preserved — dating back to 1745 — the home of Eicli- 
 ard Peters, an eminent jurist, Member of Congress, 
 and Secretary of the Board of War during the 
 Bevolution, who entertained under its roof, Wash- 
 ington, Lafayette, Jelferson, Eobert Morris, Eitten- 
 house, and many others of the Ee volutionary 
 worthies, while Talleyrand, Louis Philippe and 
 Tom Moore are known to have visited it. The 
 view from the front of this line old house (now a 
 restaurant) is almost matchless in varied beauty, 
 over the Schuylkill, the city. &c.; though that 
 from George^s Hill, the highest point of the grounds, 
 is necessarily much more extensive, reaching to and 
 beyond the Delaware at League Island. The upper 
 portion of the Park, as already noted, includes not 
 only the fine scenery of that part of the Schuylkill, 
 but also that of the Wissahickon; and partially 
 within it lies the scene of the unfortunate battle 
 
158 EUOBTTBIP GUIBB. 
 
 of Germantown, whioli lost Philadelpliia to the 
 Americans in 1777. Of no secondary importance, 
 in connection with the Park and the Permanenu 
 Exhibition, are the very interesting Zoological Gar- 
 dens, at the east end, near the Schuylkill, with Lion 
 House, Aviary, Bear-Pits, Monkey House, &c. 
 
 Fail-mount Park, the Permanent Exhibition, or 
 the Fairmount Water-Works, may be reached from 
 the centre of the city by an immense number of 
 street car lines, and other conveyances, easily dis- 
 covered by the visitor, from the placards announcing 
 the special point of their destination. By the Penn- 
 sylvania Eailroad, from New York and the Bast, or 
 from the West (principal depot at Thirty-first and 
 Market Sts., with supplemental station in front of 
 the Centennial Grounds), —or by the New York and 
 Philadelphia New Line (depot at Third and Berks 
 Sts., with horse-car connection), — access to all the 
 grounds of interest is very direct and easy; and 
 quite the same may be said of the facilities for reach- 
 ing them by the New Jersey Southern Railroad fiom 
 New York and the New Jersey coast, the connec- 
 tions from that road, at the Market St. ferry, being 
 direct by the Market Street line of cars, now ope- 
 rated by steam, and supplying “ rapid transit” m 
 the place of the slow and tedious. 
 
 The Fail-mount Water-Works themselves demand 
 attention, as among the best of their class ; the 
 views over the Schuylkill from the raised promenade 
 
ROUTE NO, S,—NEAE WESTERN. 
 
 159 
 
 are notably fine ; and the Suspensioii Bridge^ al- 
 ready mentioned, slionld not be OYerlooked in ob- 
 servation of its rivals. (Other bridges of interest 
 are the Iron Bridge, over the Schuylkill at Chest- 
 nut street; the Market Street Bridge, of wood, lately 
 rebuilt, &c.) (There are also other "Water-Works : 
 tlie Delaware, on the river, foot of Wood street, and 
 the Western, with a beautiful tower, opposite Fair- 
 mount.) Of the other public grounds of the city, 
 the most interesting are Independence SqnarCy rear 
 of Independence Hall ; Washington Square, near it ; 
 Logan Square (largest of the old), Eighteenth 
 street; FranJelin Square, Eace and Sixth streets; 
 Penn Square, Broad and Market streets ; Jefferson 
 mA Rittenliouse Squares; and Hunting Park (old 
 race-course) on the York road. 
 
 Among the most notable of Philadelphia Churches, 
 are the Cathedral of St. Peter and St. Paul (Catho- 
 lic), Logan Square, with a noble dome, an admired 
 altar-piece, and some good paintings; St. Marlds 
 (Epis.), Locust street, with tower and spire of pecu- 
 liar beauty ; St. Pauls (Epis.), Third street ; Christ 
 Church (old). Second street, with tall steeple, fine 
 chime of bells, and communion service of the time 
 of Queen Anne ; 'Church of the Incarnation, Broad 
 street; Baptist, 'Qrooidi street; Calvary (Pres.)? Lo- 
 cust street; St. Stephen's (Epis.), Fourth street; 
 St. Peter^s (old). Pine street; St. Andrew^ s. Eighth 
 street; &c., and (as curiosities, though eschewing 
 any attempt at architecture) many of the Friends^ 
 
160 
 
 SEOBT-TEIP GUIDE. 
 
 or QuaTcer Meeting Houses, of wliicli tlie city lias a 
 remarkable number and variety. 
 
 Of Libraries, there are a large number, though the 
 aggregate of volumes embraced in all does not reach 
 far beyond a quarter million. Among them are the 
 FranMin (sometimes called the “Philadelphia”), 
 South Fifth near Chestnut street; the Atheneum, 
 Sixth street ; the Mercantile ; the Aggrentices , 
 Friends', Lato Association, &c. ; besides those con- 
 nected with those prominent institutions, the His- 
 torical Society, Sixth and Adelphi streets (antiqui- 
 ties and curiosities); Academy of Natural Sciences, 
 Broad street; the Franklin Institute, Seventh 
 street, &c. The principal Art Gallery is the Penn- 
 sylvania Academy of Fine Arts, Chestnut street, 
 containing among other prominent pictures. West s 
 “Death on the Pale Horse,” Allston’s “Raising 
 of Lazarus,” and others of merit by Stuart, Sully, 
 Leslie and others. The principal Market, and one 
 of the best-arranged and most luxuriously-supplied 
 in America, is located on Market street, in the lower 
 part of the city, and will well repay a visit, for ob- 
 servance of the varied productions of the surround- 
 ing country. 
 
 Principal Places of Amusement: the American 
 Academy of Music, Broad street, the handsomest 
 and one of the largest musical houses in the United 
 States; Arch Street Theatre, street of the same 
 name ; Chestnut Street, street of that name; Walmit 
 Street, street of same name; Fox's, Chestnut street; 
 
nOUTE NO. ^.—NEAR WESTERN 
 
 IGl 
 
 Simmons and Slocum’s Opera House (Efcuiopian), 
 Arch street; Eleventh Street Opera House (Ethio- 
 pian), Eleyentli street; American Museum^ Isintli, 
 and Arch streets ; Musical Fund^IIall, Locust street? 
 &c. Leading Hotels : the Continental^ Chestnut 
 street; La Pierre House, street; Colonnade, 
 Chestnut street; Girard House, Chesmut street; 
 American, street; St. Cloicd, Axch. street; 
 
 Washington, Chestnut street; Merchants^, Fourth 
 street ; Trans- Continental and others, at the Exposi- 
 tion Grounds, &c. 
 
 For the additional convenience of the many tour- 
 ists who have not familiarized themselves with the 
 '' Quaker City,” the following resumes and extensions 
 are given, of location of principal places of interest, 
 places of amusement, and railroad depots, with brief 
 directions for reaching them. 
 
 Pkincipal Places of Interest, and Eoutes. 
 
 Fairmoiint Parle and Centennial Grounds . — [Nearly all 
 leadinn: lines of street-cars, and other conveyances. See 
 local directions.] 
 
 Independenx^ Hall — Place of signing the “Declaration 
 of Independence,” Chestnut street, south side, between 
 Fifth and Sixth. Near lower hotels, and reached from 
 upper by cars on Chestnut street. Admission free at or- 
 dinary times, 9 A.M. to 2 P.M., and was naturally a place of 
 great evening resort during the Centennial. Entrance to 
 steeple granted on application to the Superintendent in the 
 Hall. 
 
 Gaij)enter's Hall . — Place of original meeting of Continen- 
 tal Congress. Chestnut street, south side (rear), between 
 Fourth and Fifth. Near Independence Hall, and reached 
 in same manner. 
 
 Grave of Franklin . — Plain horizontal slab, covering Ben- 
 jamin Franklin and his wife, in graveyard of Christ Church. 
 South-east corner Fifth and Arch streets. Very near both 
 of the former \ and not far from leading hotels. 
 
161a 
 
 SHOBT-TEIP GUIDE, 
 
 PenrCa CoUage.— Once the residence of William Penn. 
 Letitia street, between Front and Second, near Market. 
 Close to the Delaware River. 
 
 Penn Treaty Monument.— ^lie of the great elm tree under 
 which William Penn made his treaty with the Indians. 
 Small obelisk, with inscription. Beach street, above Han- 
 over, Kensington. Beached by street-cars marked “ Rich- 
 mond.” 
 
 Indian Queen Hotel. — Once residence of JeSerson. Cor- 
 ner Market and Front streets. 
 
 London Coffee-House. — Existing as a coffee-house, by that 
 name, before the Revolution. South-west corner Front and 
 Market streets, near the Delaware. 
 
 Old Suedes' Church. — Built 1700. Swanson street, below 
 Christian street. Reached by Second street cars. 
 
 Birth place of the American Flag. — Place where the first 
 stars and stripes were made. Kow 239 Arch street, near 
 the Delaware. 
 
 Christ Church, — With oldest peal of bells in America. 
 Second street, north of Market street. 
 
 Girard College. — Ridge avenue, above Kineteenth street. 
 Reached by Ridge avenue or Kineteenth street cars. Ad- 
 mission by ticket, procurable at the Ledger office. Sixth and. 
 Chestnut streets. 
 
 University of Pennsylvania. — Ninth street, above Chestnut. 
 Kew building. Thirty-sixth street and Darby road. Reached 
 by Market street cars to West Philadelphia; thence Darby 
 road cars. 
 
 Philadelphia Library, and 
 
 Loganian Library., Fifth street, below Chestr.^t. 
 
 Atheneum, and 
 
 Historical Society of Pennsylvania., Sixth and Adelphi 
 streets, below Walnut. 
 
 Philadelphia Dispensary. — Oldest institution of the kind in 
 America; established 1786. Ko. 127 South Fifth street. 
 
 American Philosophical Society. — Fifth street, below Chest- 
 nut. 
 
 Academy of Natural Sciences. — Broad street, below Chest- 
 nut. Open Tuesday and Friday afternoons, but opened 
 every afternoon during the Centennial. Admission 10 cents. 
 
 Franklin Institute. — Seventh street, above Chestnut. 
 
 Mercantile Library. — Tenth street, above Chestnut. 
 
 Apprentices' South-west corner Fifth and Arch 
 
 streets* 
 
ROUTE NO. S.—NEAR WESTERN 
 
 IGlh. 
 
 Pennsylmnia lIospitaL — Eighth ainl Spruce streets. 
 
 Fe7i7i. Hospital for the 2^.— Ilaverford road, West 
 Philadelphia. Reached by Market street cars. Admission 
 by ticket, at the Ledger ottiee. 
 
 School of Design for Women. — North-yrest Penn Square, 
 near Broad street and Chestnut. 
 
 Deaf and Dximh Institution. — Broad and Pine streets. Ex- 
 hibitions Thursday afternoons. Admission by ticket, at 
 the Ledger office. 
 
 Blind Asylum. — Twentieth and Race streets. Wednesday 
 afternoon concerts. Admission 10 cents. 
 
 Blockley Almshouse. — Considered a model institution of its 
 kind. West Philadelphia. Reached by Walnut street cars 
 to Thirty-fourth street. Tickets at, Ko. 42 North Seventh 
 street. 
 
 House of Refuge. — Twenty-second street, near Poplar 
 street. Admission every afternoon except Saturday and 
 Sunday. Reached by Union line of Fairmount cars. Tick- 
 ets at Ledger office. 
 
 Episcopal Hospital. — No. 2649 North Front street, on the 
 Delaware. 
 
 U. S. Naml Asyktm. — Gray’s Ferry road, below South. 
 Reached by cars on Pine street, or South street. 
 
 Na'oy Yard. — On line of the Delaware, east of Front 
 street, and south of Primo street. Reached by Second 
 street cars (as to old Swedes’ Church). 
 
 Moyamensing {County) Pr25<?;2.— Eleventh street and Passa- 
 yunk road. Tickets at Ledger office. 
 
 Eastern Penitentiary. — Coates street, above Twenty-sev- 
 enth. Reached by cars out, on Coates street, or Union 
 line of Fairmount cars. Tickets at Ledger office. 
 
 Frankford Arsenal. — Frankford. Reached by Richmond 
 line of horse-cars. 
 
 Richmoiid Coal- Wharves. — Greatest single deposit of coal 
 in the world, of the Reading Railroad Company, from the 
 Schuylkill coal regions. On the Delaware, North Philadel- 
 phia, opposite Treaty Island. Reached bystreet cars mark- 
 ed “Richmond.” 
 
 U. S. Mint. — Chestnut street, above Thirteenth. Ad-j, 
 mission from 9 to 12 A. M., daily, except Saturday andji 
 Sunday. 
 
 Custom House. — Chestnut street, above Fourth. 
 
 Post-Office. — Chestnut street, below Fifth. 
 
 Commercial Exchange. — Second street, below Chestnut. 
 
SHORT-TRIP GVWE, 
 
 IGltf 
 
 Mechanic^ Exchange, — Third and Walnut streets. 
 
 Union League Club-Home. — Broad and Sansom streets. 
 Iniroduction by member of the Club required. 
 
 Maaonic Hall. — Broad street, below Arch (old, 717 Chest- 
 nut, above Seventh). 
 
 Smith's Jslandy and 
 
 Windmill Island. — Small islands in the Delaware, oppo- 
 site the city, and places of public resort. Ferry to Smith’s, 
 foot of Market street. 
 
 Hultzhdmer' s New Home. — House where Jefferson wrote 
 the Declaration. South-west corner Seventh and Market 
 streets. 
 
 Laurel Hill Cemetery. — Kidge avenue. Reached by Ridge 
 avenue cars. 
 
 Mt. Vernon Cemetery opposite Laurel Hill, and 
 reached in same manner. 
 
 Monument Cemetery. — Broad street, opposite Berks. 
 
 Woodland Cemetery.— 'Ddrrhj road. West Philadelphia. 
 Reached by Market street or Walnut street cars to Darby 
 road ; thence Darby road cars. 
 
 Places of Amusemeot: 
 
 Academy of Music. — Broad and Locust streets. 
 
 Arch Street Theatre — Arch street, west of Sixth. 
 
 Chestnut Street Theatre. — Chestnut street, above Twelfth. 
 
 Walnut Street Theatre. — Walnut street, below Ninth. 
 
 Museum. — Ninth and Arch streets. 
 
 Simmons and Slocumh^s Opera House. — Arch street, above 
 Tenth. 
 
 Eleventh Street Opera House. — ^Eleventh street, above 
 Chestnut. 
 
 Musical Fund Hall. — Locust street, below Ninth. 
 
 Horticultural Hall. — Broad street, below Locust. 
 
 Concert Hall. — Chestnut street, above Twelfth. 
 
 Eaileoad Depots: 
 
 Pennsylvania Railroad. — (For New York and the East, for 
 the West, or for that connection to Baltimore, Washington 
 and the South). Thirty-first and Market streets, reached 
 by Market street cars; Kensington, reached by Third 
 street cars ; and ferry foot of Market street. 
 
ROUTE NO, ^.—NEAB WESTERN 
 
 161c2 
 
 RMiUng Railroad. — (For the Schuylkill, coal-regious, or 
 the JSTonu), Tuirteeutli aud Gallo wliill streets. Germau- 
 lowu and ^N'orristown branch, Ninth and Green streets. 
 
 Philadelphia, Wilmingi^n and Baltimore Rnlroad.~~^OT 
 ('heater, Wilmington, Baltimore, Washington and theSoulh). 
 Broad and Prime streets. 
 
 North Fenvsylmnia JR.ailroad.—(No^ the North and for 
 Nevv York). Third and Berks streets. 
 
 Camden and Atlantic Railroad.— (For Southern New Jer- 
 sey and the Coast). Ferry foot of Vine street. 
 
 West- Chester and Philadelphia Railroad. — (For local interi- 
 or). Thirty-first and Chestnut streets. 
 
 Suburban and other Excursions of interest from 
 Philadelphia, include the 
 
 United States Navy Yard, on Front street and 
 the Delaware River, entrance from foot of Federal 
 street; with immense Sectional Dock, stocks and 
 materials for war-vessels, munitions of war, &c. 
 [Walk, or street-car.] Arrangements have been 
 made for the substitution of League Island, lower 
 down the Delaware, as a new and larger navy yard; 
 and the old is now virtually abandoned. Of scarce- 
 ly less interest are the 
 
 U. S. Arsenals, of which one of the most import- 
 ant is to be reached at Franhford, north-east of the 
 city, with interesting collection of arms and the 
 largest powder magazine in the country ; and the 
 other near Gray*s Ferry, south of the city. Also, 
 Laurel Hill Cemetery, on Ridge avenue, near the 
 Schuylkill, and considered one of the handsomest 
 of the cemeteries of the great cities, on account ot 
 height of location, fine river^view, tasteful monu- 
 ments and adornments. The group of Old Mor- 
 
8H0RT TEIP GUIDE. 
 
 me 
 
 tality,” by Thom, at the entrance, and the Chapel, 
 deserve attention, as do many of the monuments to 
 well-known men, among others those of Dr. Kane, 
 Gen’l Mercer, Gen’l Patterson, Dr. Bird (the novel- 
 ist), Joseph C. Neal, Charles Thompson, Hassler, 
 &c. [Reached by street-car, drive, or boat np the 
 Schuylkill from Pairmount.] Second in importance 
 are the Woodlands Cemetery, on the Darby road, 
 west of the Schuylkill ; Monument Cemetery, Broad 
 street ; Olenwood Cemetery, Ridge road ; Mount 
 Vernon Cemetery, Ridge avenue ; Eonaldson’s Cemo 
 tery, Shippen street ; Friend^ Burial Ground, Arch 
 and Fourth streets, &c. [All, beyond short walk 
 from leading hotels, reached by street-car.} 
 
 Other Excursions, to 
 
 The Wissahichon, creek or small river of marked 
 shaded beauty, emptying into the Schuylkill. 
 [Drive, on Ridge avenue, past Laurel Hill, or trip 
 by boat on the Schuylkill from Fairmount and 
 Park. To the Old Bartram Mansion, with Revolu- 
 tionary reminiscences and a Botanic Garden, on the 
 west bank of the Schuylkill. [Street cars on Darby 
 road.} To Penn’s RocJc, on the Haddington road 
 (stone said to have been raised by William Penn). 
 
 To Germantown, site of the battle of that name, 
 fought by Washington in 1777 ; with interesting 
 reminiscences, in Chew’s House, the Headquarters, 
 Buttonball Tree Tavern, &c. To Manayunh, on 
 the Schuylkill, with water-power and heavy manu- 
 iftctures. [Street cars on Ridge-road, or boat on the 
 
ROUTE NO, K-NEAR WESTERN KAf 
 
 Schuylkill.] [Street car and short steam connec- 
 tion, every quarter-hour.] To Greenwich Point 
 and Gloucester Point) on the Delaware, favorite near 
 places of summer resort, a few miles below the city. 
 [Ferry from South street.] To Red Bank and Fort 
 Alifflin, two miles below the places last named, with 
 Eevolutionary reminiscences, Count Donop’s Grave, 
 a Battle Monument, &c. ; and also to League Island) 
 lying near, and the site of the new Navy Yard. 
 [Boats, very frequent.] To SmiWs Island and 
 Windmill Island) lying in the Delaware, midway 
 between the City and Camden, and passed through 
 by the ferry-boats, Eesort for relaxation and clam- 
 chowders.’^ To Camden) New Jersey [several fer- 
 ries: see route from New York, Division B.] To 
 Bridgeton) New Jersey, great fruit-packing centre. 
 [Perry to Camden, and West Jersey Eailroad.] 
 To Vineland) New Jersey, great grape and fruit- 
 growing centre. [Perry to Camden, and Camden 
 and Atlantic road to Atsion — thence Vineland 
 Eailway.] Tlo Bordeiitown and Burlington, [Boat 
 on the Delaware, or rail.] 
 
 Still other Excursions will be those to 
 
 NouRiSTOWi^^, on the Schuylkill, county seat of 
 Montgomery County, with pleasant location, two 
 fine Bridges, and handsome Court-House. [Eail- 
 way on Eeading road, or long drive of much beauty]. 
 To 
 
 Valley Forge, place of the American winter- 
 ' quarters in 1777-8, on the Schuylkill, with Wash- 
 
8E0ET-TBIP OUIDK 
 
 mg 
 
 ington’s Headquarters still remaining, as well as tlie 
 Old Hospital, earth- works, and many other remind- 
 ers of that trying period — and the King of Prussia 
 Tavern and Paoli, both celebrated in the struggle, 
 at short distance. [Railway on Reading road.} To 
 Reading, important town of the interior, with 
 immense coal and other industries on the road, at 
 and in the neighborhood. [Railway on Reading , 
 road.]. To . ; 
 
 Easton, Delaware ‘Water-Gap, &c. [See 
 Longer Excursions from New York.] [Rail on 
 Northern Pennsylvania, and Delaware, Lackawanna 
 and Western roads.] To 
 
 Hareisberg, Capital of the State of Pennsylva- 
 nia, by Lancaster, &c. [Rail on the Pennsylvania 
 Road: see Route 12.] To 
 
 Pittsburgh, great iron manufacturing centre of _ 
 the State, often called the “American Birming-^ 
 ham,” and notable for the resemblance of its smoky 
 atmosphere to that of English manufacturing towns. 
 In connection, to Wheeling. [Rail on Pennsylvania 
 road. See Route 12, pp. 200, &c.} To 
 
 Altoona and the Allegheny Mountains, for fine 
 scenery of the road, considered among the noblest 
 in America Also, to Cressm and Johnstown, be- 
 yond. [Rail on Pennsylvania road, as for Pitts- 
 burgh, &c.] To 
 
 Atlantic City, favorite place of summer resort. 
 With fine bathing, on the New Jersey coast, near 
 Egg Harbor and the Inlet of the same name. 
 
ROUTE JSfO. NEAR 'WESTERN. ICl/i 
 
 Prominent Hotels, the Atlantic House, and Surf 
 House. [Reached by ferry to Camden, thence rail 
 on the Camden and Atlantic road direct.] To 
 
 Cape May (Cape Island), still more prominent 
 and popular as a- place of seaside summer resort, 
 and especially chosen by Philadelphians. It lies at 
 the extreme southern point of Hew Jersey, at the 
 2iorthern entrance of Delaware Bay, has an exten- 
 siye beach with line sea-view and bathing, and ranks 
 beside Hewport and Dong Branch. Prominent 
 Hotels; Hxq StocTcton House, Congress Hall, United 
 states, "West Jersey, Columbia, Delaware, Atlantic, 
 &c. [Reached by ferry to Camden, thence by rail 
 on the West Jersey, and Millville and Cane May 
 roads.] To ‘ " 
 
 Long Branch. [See Longer Excursions from 
 Hew York.] [Reached by ferry to Camden, thence 
 iail on Pemb. and Hightstown and Hew Jersey 
 Southern roads. Also, with connection, Long 
 Branch to Hew Yore. 
 
ROUTE NO, 9 -WESTERN AND SOUTHERN. 
 
 PHILADELPHIA^ BY WILMINGTOI^' (DEL.) TO AKD AT 
 WASHIHGTOET AHD RICHMOND. 
 
 Division A. 
 
 PHILADELPHIA TO BALTIMORE BY WILMII^GTON. 
 
 Leave Philadelphia by rail on the Philadelphia^ 
 Wilmington and Baltimore road, from Broad Street 
 and Washington Avenue, or from West . Phila- 
 delphia. First point of interest passed is the Laza- 
 retto, on the bank of the Delaware, some ten miles 
 below the city and at some distance left from the 
 road — an immense building, with cupola, long used 
 for the detention of cases of infectious disease. In a 
 short distance is reached 
 
 Chester, the oldest town in the State, and at one 
 time, under William Penn, the seat of government of 
 the province. It has as curiosities, the spot where 
 Penn landed on his first coming from England, a 
 very old Court House, &c. Very little beyond, the 
 crossing is made from the State of Pennsylvania 
 into that of Delaware ; and still a little beyond is 
 passed the Brandywine CreeTc, scene of the battle of 
 the same name (at Chadd^s Ford), defeat of the 
 Americans and wounding of Lafayette, in 1777-8. 
 
 After leaving Chester, is reached 
 
 Lamohin Junction, [with the Philadelphia and 
 
BO UTE NO. 9.— WESTERN AND 80 UTUEBN. 1G3 
 
 Baltimore Central Eailroad , for Forf Deposit, Havre 
 de Grace (with very fine Bridge over the Susque- 
 hanna), Baltimore, &c.] Lamokin Junction to 
 
 WiLMiNGTOiS’, Delaware, one of the most import- 
 ant towns of that small State, and in the midst of 
 an agricultural section of special fertility, the great 
 peach-growing district being within easy reach of 
 any one making brief stoppage. It occupies the site of 
 the old Swedish Fort Christina ; has extensive ship- 
 yards, flour and powder-mills, foundries, &c. ; and 
 is also distinguished as the seat of SL Marifs Col- 
 lege (Catholic), and other educational institutions of 
 merit. Among its most prominent curiosities are 
 the ship-yards and powder-mills, before named ; the 
 Old Swedes^ Church, nearly 200 years old, with 
 ancient grave-yard and singular epitaphs; the Col- 
 lege, &c. [Eailway connection south to Ellcton, 
 Townsend, Dover (capital of the State), Lewes, 
 Salishury, Crisfield (for boat to Norfolk) &c, ; 
 westward to Hanover, Harrisburg, &c.] From 
 Wilmington, passing Netv Castle Junction [connec- 
 tion for Neto Castle, &c.], and minor stations, is 
 reached 
 
 Havre de Grace, Maryland, at the debouchure of 
 the Susquehanna Eiver into Chesapeake Bay, and also 
 at the southern terminus of the Tidewater Canal. 
 Here the Susquehanna is crossed by a handsome and 
 costly Eailroad Bridge, not long finished; and in 
 crossing, splendid views are caught (below) of Ches- 
 apeake Bay and the shore-scenery on both sides. 
 
1(51 
 
 snOET-TRIP GUIDE. 
 
 [Railw^ay connections from Havre de Grace, north- 
 westward, to Harrisbueg and the West and 
 Northwest] From Havre de Grace, over flat and 
 low country, with passage of the long 
 
 Bridges over Bush and Gunpoivder Rivers (the 
 former 5-8 of a mile in length, and the latter 1 mile), 
 both of which were destroyed during the secession- 
 war, and rebuilt,— to Baltimore. 
 
 Division B, 
 
 AT AND ABOUT BALTIMORE, WITH EXCURSIONS. 
 
 Baltimore, on the Patapsco River, branch of 
 Chesapeake Bay, most important town in the State 
 of Maryland, seaport of eminence, considered one 
 of the handsomest cities in the Union, and dividing 
 with two or three others the claim of producing the 
 most beautiful women, while to Europeans it pos- 
 sesses the peculiar interest of having supplied wives 
 to a remarkable number of the English aristocracy 
 (Wellesley family? and others), and also a wife (Miss 
 Patterson) to Jerome Bonaparte. It has a striking 
 situation, on rising ground sloping up from the 
 harbor, in that respect rivalling Boston; and the 
 numerous spires and monuments fitly crown a pic- 
 ture otherwise of great beauty. Baltimore has an 
 inner and outer harbor, above and below FelVs 
 Pointy into the latter of which the largest ships en- 
 to without difficulty ; and the city proper is di- 
 vided, nearly North and South, by a narrow stream 
 
RO UTE NO. 9.— WESTERN AND SO UTHERN f65 
 
 with many bridges, called Jo7ies* Run, A strong 
 and handsome fortification, Fort McHenry ^ defends 
 the harbor, and figured conspicuously in both the 
 war of 1812 and that of the secession. Among the 
 chief boasts of the city, and the first objects of in- 
 terest to the trayeller, are 
 
 The Monuments^ so notable that they have given 
 to Baltimore the soubriquet of tlie Monumental 
 City.^^ The first in importance is the Washington, 
 in an elevated position on Mt. Vernon Place, at 
 Charles and Monument streets — a base and shaft 
 reaching 200 feet in height, with a statue surmount- 
 ing all, of ^‘Washington Resigning his Commission.^^ 
 (Accessible, and fine view from balcony at top.) 
 Next in interest is the Battle, at Calvert and Fay- 
 ette streets — a Roman column, with emblematical 
 sculptures, in honor of those who fell in defence of 
 the city, in September 1814. The third, or Arinis- 
 tead, in honor of the defender of Fort McHenry in 
 1814, is merely a tablet, on North Calvert street, and 
 only of interest in the patriotic connection. 
 
 Of streets, the most important is Baltimore street, 
 running east and west the whole length of the city, 
 and really its Broadway or Regent street. Holliday., 
 Calvert, Fayette, Lexington, Eutaiv, Madison, Park, 
 Saratoga, North Charles, Mt, Vernon Place, Charles 
 avenue, and other streets on the west side of Jones’ 
 Falls, are among the notable; and as centres of 
 business, Lombard, Caroline, Bank, Gay, High, 
 Market, Broadway, and other streets on the east 
 
166 
 
 SHOBT-TRIP GUIDE. 
 
 side, with those surrounding the City Dock (basin) 
 and principal wharves, lying in that vicinity. Of 
 Public Buildings, among the most notable are the 
 Exchange^ Gay street, with noble dome; {Custom 
 House and Post Office occupying part of the same 
 building) ; the Maryland Institute^ Baltimore street, 
 devoted to industrial exhibitions, fairs, &c., and a 
 Market; the City Hall^ Holliday street; County 
 Court House^ Monument square; U, S. Court 
 House^ North and Fayette streets ; Penitentiary and 
 Prisons, Madison street ; Corn Exchange, South 
 street; the Shot Tower, Front and Fayette streets; 
 Of Churches, in Baltimore as in Philadelphia, the 
 most imposing is the Catholic, the Cathedral, at 
 Cathedral and Mulberry streets, being the finest ec- 
 clesiastical edifice in the city, with impressive towers 
 and dome ; one of the largest organs in the country; 
 and two pictures of great value within, a Descent 
 from the Cross and St. Louis Burying His 
 Dead,^’ respectively the gifts of the French Kings 
 Louis XVI. and Charles X. After this, in archi- 
 tectural interest, come the Unitarian, North 
 Charles and Franklin streets; the Presiyterian, 
 Madison and Park streets; Grace (Epis.), Monu- 
 ment and Park streets ; St. PauVs, Charles street, 
 and many others, the city being by no means defi- 
 cient in this detail. 
 
 Of Literary Institutions and their edifices, may be 
 named the University of Maryland, with celebrated 
 Medical Department, Green and Lombard streets; 
 
BO UTE NO. 9 .— WESTERN AND SO UTHERN 167 
 
 the Peabody Institute (founded by the late George 
 Peabody), Charles and Monument streets ; SU 
 Mary's College (Catholic), Franklin and Greene 
 streets; Maryland Historieal Society, Baltimore 
 Library, Mercantile Library, &c., rooms in the 
 Atheneum, Saratoga and St. Paul streets ; College of 
 Loyola (Catholic), Madison and Calvert streets; 
 College of Pharmacy, North Calvert street; &c. 
 Principal Theatres: the Holliday Street, street of 
 same name ; the Front Street, or American, Front 
 street ; Baltimore Museum, Broad and Calvert 
 streets ; Grand Opera House (new) ; Concordia 
 (German), South Eutaw street. Prominent Hotels : 
 the ML Vernon, Carrollton, Barnum's, Eutaw, Gil- 
 motor's, Fountain, and Maltbfs. 
 
 Cemeteries of prominence : Green Mount, Belvi- 
 dere street and York avenue, with fine gateways 
 and many handsome walks and monuments ; Lou- 
 doun Parle, also with fine gateway, Frederick 
 road; Baltimore Cemetery, North Gay street; 
 Moiont Olivet, Frederick road ; Mount Carmel, 
 Western, and other minor. Other Parks and Public 
 I Grounds : Druid Hill Parle, very large and 
 handsome grounds, recently laid out, in the 
 ; Northern suburbs [street-car from city centres] ; 
 
 Patterson Parle, East Baltimore street, with re- 
 ; mains of earthworks of war of 1812 ; City Spring 
 t\ Grounds, North Calvert street; Union Square, 
 West Lombard street; Federal Hill, with Signal 
 
168 
 
 BUORT’TRIP GUIDE. 
 
 House and one of the very best views of the city add 
 harbor; Franldin Square, Fayette street; Jackson 
 Square, Hampstead street; etc. 
 
 Favorite Excursions, among others, to 
 Fort McHenry and North Point, entrance of the 
 liarbor (before spoken of) ; to Franklin, the Con- 
 vent, &c., by the Frederick road [favorite drive] ; to 
 Govanstoiun, by the York road [drive] ; to Catons- 
 ville and EllicoWs Mills [horse-car] ; to Towsontoicn 
 (military barracks, &c.) [horse-car] ; to Bel- Air, 
 Franklinton, &c.] [stage-coach]. Down the Ches- 
 apeake Bay [boat, very frequent from harbor- 
 wharves, during the warm season]. Longer Ex- 
 cursions, among others, to 
 Axkapolis, Capital of the State of Maryland , 
 and seat of the celebrated national Naval Academy. 
 It lies on the little River Severn, near Chesapeake 
 Bay; has a history of interest, dating back to 1G49 : 
 was the spot where Genl. Washington resigned his 
 commission at the close of the War of Independence ; 
 and has, in addition to the other attractions named, 
 an educational institution of prominence, St. John^s 
 College, a State House, and much fine river and coast 
 scenery in the neighborhood. [Reached from Bal- 
 timore by the Baltimore and Washington road to 
 Annapolis Junction, thence branch road direct.] 
 Also, by daily boat on Chesapeake Bay, to 
 Norfolk, Virginia, on the Elizabeth River, at the 
 extreme southern point of Chesapeake Bay, and the 
 second town in Virginia in point of population 
 
RO TJTB NO. 9.— WESTERN AND SO TJTUERN. 1C9 
 
 It has a fine harbor, with great depth of water; 
 and is one of the greatest markets of wild-fowl 
 (especially the celebrated canvas-back ducks 
 of the Chesapeake), oysters, fruits and other 
 supplies, to be found south of Philadelphia. Across 
 the river from it are the Portsmouth Jslaval De- 
 pot, formerly the most extensive in the Union, but 
 materially damaged by fire at the commencement 
 of the secession war (1861), with the burning 
 of the Pennsylvania, Merrimac and other war 
 vessels, — and the Gosport Navy Yard, with Dry 
 Docks of great size and cost. Norfolk and Ports- 
 mouth harbor proper are defended by Fort Cal- 
 houn and the works on Craney Island ; while the 
 entrance from the sea is commanded by Fortress 
 Mo7iroe,ilLQ largest fortification in the United States, 
 erected at Old Point Comfort (also place of favorite 
 summer resort), on the opposite or north side of the 
 wide mouth of the James River (Hampton Eoads), 
 directly north and some fourteen miles distant. In 
 the latter neighborhood may also be visited, Eliza- 
 beth City and Hampton, more or less interestingly 
 connected alike with the early history of Virginia 
 and the .secession troubles of 1861-5. May also be 
 visited, from Norfolk or Old Point Comfort [boat], 
 the site and Rains of Jamestoivn, place of first set- 
 tlement in Virginia, and scene of the romantic epi- 
 sode of Captain John Smith and Pocahontas. [From 
 Baltimore to Kichmond, every day during summer, 
 by boat of the Baltimore Steam-Packet Company, in 
 connection with the Atlantic CJoast Line, — with fine 
 
170 
 
 smUT^TEIP 'GUIDE. 
 
 views throughout,] [Norfolk to Eichmond, by boat up 
 the J ames Elver ; or may be visited from Eichmond^ 
 by same conveyance.] Also, by Baltimore and Ohio 
 Eailroad (or by same road from Washington), 
 through the Monocacy Valley, along the Upper Po- 
 tomac and the Chesapeake and Ohio Canal, to 
 
 Point of Rocks (railway connection to Frederick, 
 Md.) ; to Hagerstown Junction (railway connection, 
 to Hagerstown ) ; and to 
 
 Harpeh’s Ferry, on the Upper Potomac, at the 
 intersection with thnt stream of the Shenandoah, 
 with mountain and river scenery of the first mag- 
 nificence, and the additional interest of having been 
 the site of an important U. S. Armory and Arsenal 
 (destroyed by fire in April, 1861), and the spot 
 where John Brown, of Ossawatomie, made his cele- 
 brated raid and virtually commenced the conflict of 
 the secession, in October, 1859. Maryland, Bolivar 
 and Loudoun Heights, and their fortifications, de- 
 mand notice, as do a thousand natural beauties and 
 warlike reminiscences certain to be suggested on 
 the spot. 
 
 From Harper’s Ferry, route on the Baltimore and 
 Ohio road may be pursued to Sir John’s Run, with 
 stage connection to Berkeley Springs ; to Gumler^-* 
 land, and across one of the finest passes of the Al- 
 legheny Mountains to Pittsburg and the West. 
 Or, from Harper’s Ferry rail may be taken down 
 the Shenandoah Valley, through the Valley of Vir- 
 ginia, to Charlestoiun, Winchester, Strasburg, Har- 
 risonburg and Staunton, with connections and de- 
 tours of great interest. (See Eoute 9-^). 
 
BO TJTE NO. 9. - WESTEBN AND SO TTl BEEN 171 
 
 Division C. 
 
 BALTIMORE TO WASHINGTON, BY BALTIMORE 
 AND OHIO RAILROAD. 
 
 [From New York and Philadelphia to Baltimore^ 
 see Eoutes 8 and 9, pp. 144 and 1G2.] 
 
 Leave Baltimore by the Washington Branch of 
 the B. and O. Eoad, from Camden Station, by Carroll 
 and Camden Junction, to 
 
 Eel AY House and Belay Station. (First-class hotel 
 and refreshment station, both owned and operated 
 by the B. and O. Eailroad Company, and somewhat 
 noted for their excellence). Eelay House and the 
 vicinity were necessarily quite celebrated during the 
 Secession War, the movements of troops over the 
 lines of rail between the different sections, and espe- 
 cially between Baltimore and Annapolis, and Balti- 
 more and Washington, throwing the central point 
 into great prominence, and making the control of it 
 no secondary consideration in the warlike arrange- 
 ments of the period. At Eelay House also diverges 
 the alternate line, with branch to Frederick, joining 
 the main line at Point of Eocks. 
 
 Eelay House by Elkridge, Hanover, Dorsey’s and 
 Jessup’s to 
 
 Annapolis Junction. [Connection to Annapolis, 
 site of the Naval Academy, and the State capital of 
 Maryland: see ^‘Excursions from Baltimore,” pre- 
 ceding] ; thence by Savage, Laurel, Contees, Belta- 
 ville, Paint Branch, &c., to 
 
maEO UTE NO. 9.— WESTEBN AND SO UTHERN, 
 
 Bladensburgh. [Junction of ‘branch to Shepherd, 
 on Potomac Eiver, opposite Alexandria, and to Alex- 
 andria, where connection is made with steamboats 
 for Fredericsburg, Kichmond, &c., by Acquia Creek 
 and the Kichmond and Potomac E. E. Also, from 
 Shepherd or from Alexandria, by the Washington 
 City, Virginia Midland and Great Southern Eailroad, 
 passing Manassas Junction and the scene of the im- 
 portant battle of Manassas, 1861, via Gordonsville, 
 to Eichmond, and any Southern connection that may 
 be desired.] 
 
 Bladensburgh, small town on the Eastern Branch 
 of the Potomac, with a mineral-spring and some ce- 
 lebrity as a healthful summer resort for Washington 
 residents and others near; but much more as the 
 scene of the disgraceful defeat of the American by 
 the British forces, in August, 1814, immediately pre- 
 vious to the temporary occupation of the Capital — 
 and also as the spot long famous as a duelling- 
 ground for Congressional and other disputants. 
 Very soon after leaving Bladensburg, is caught, 
 what should by no means be lost, the 
 
 First Vieio of the Washington Capitol, scarcely 
 second to the corresponding distant view of the 
 dome of St, Peter’s, in approaching Eome — the 
 dome of the Capitol, since re-erection, being among 
 the largest and finest in the world, and the first 
 sight peculiarly impressive. But a little time and 
 distance, following, before entering the somewhat 
 straggling city, and disembarking at the foot of 
 Ca^ntol Hill — Washington. 
 
SUORT-TBIP GUIDE. 
 
 
 Division D. 
 
 BALTIMORE TO WASHINGTON, BY THE BALTIMORE 
 AND POTOMAC RAILROAD. 
 
 [From New York and Philadelphia to Baltimore, 
 see Eoutes 8 and 9, pp. 144 and 162. J 
 
 Leave Baltimore, from Union Depot, by Lafayette, 
 Winans’, Stony Kun, Severn, Odenton [connection to 
 Annapolis, by Annapolis and Elk Ridge R. R.], Pa- 
 tuxent, Bovoie^ [connection with branch to Pope's 
 Creek, on the Potomac, whence may be conveniently 
 reached, Port Tobacco and other places of that sec- 
 tion — a part of it somewhat notable for events con- 
 nected with the escape of John Wilkes Booth from 
 Washington, after the killing of President Lincoln,] 
 Seabrook, Wilson’s, Benning’s, then Washington. 
 
 Entering Washington by this route, one of the first 
 objects of interest is the Na’vy Yard, with which a 
 station of the road is connected. [See, for Navy 
 Yard, p. 181.] 
 
 [From Washington, the Baltimore and Potomac 
 Railroad continues, crossing by fine new Bridge over 
 the Potomac (affording view of the White House, 
 the Treasury Buildings, and many other objects of 
 interest), to Alexandria, affording connection with 
 the Alexandria and Fredericsburg R.R. for Quantico, 
 Fredericsburg, Richmond and the South.] 
 
172 EO JJTE NO. 9 .— WESTERN AND SO UIHERN 
 Division E. 
 
 AT AND ABOUT WASHINGTON, WITH EXCURSIONS. 
 
 WashingtoiTj capital city of the United States of 
 America, and on many accounts specially interest- 
 ing, as bearing the name of the Great Soldier and 
 Patriot, as having been selected by him as the seat 
 of Government, as having been the scene of all the 
 central legislation of the country and many of its 
 other historical events, and as possessing a location 
 with many marked advantages and certain equally 
 marked disadvantages almost counterbalancing the 
 favorable, — ^lies in the District of Golumbia, on the 
 north bank of the Potomac Kiver, at some 70 miles 
 from the embouchure of that river into Chesapeake 
 Bay, and about SO miles directly westward from the 
 nearest shore of that Bay, at a little southward of 
 Annapolis. In its selection, undoubtedly the first 
 object held in view was to secure the nearest pos- 
 sible approach to centrality between the North and 
 the South, that between the East and the West, 
 now grown so important, not being at all cal- 
 culated. It supplies a geographical meridian of 
 importance: Lat. 38® 63'39" K; Long. 77® 2' 48" 
 from Greenwich; and lies in a direct line about 
 120 miles south-west from Philadelphia, and about 
 200 in a corresponding direction from New York. 
 It dates, as the Capital, from the removal from 
 Philadelphia, about 1800, though the corner stone 
 of the Capitol was laid in 1793. The city, as a mu- 
 nicipality, dates from nearly the same time — is large 
 
EO VTE NO. 9. - WESTEENAND SO TJl IIEEN 173 
 
 in extent^ and by no means compact in its character; 
 that fact having given rise, many years ago, to the 
 irreverent soubriquet: the ‘‘City of Magnificent 
 Distances.” 
 
 Among the undeniable advantages of Washing- 
 ton, before referred to, are its picturesque location, 
 with elevations and fine views at two points, — those 
 of the Capitol, at the south-eastern end of (main) 
 Pennsylvania Avenue, and the President’s House 
 and principal Government Buildings, at the north- 
 western end; its ease of access from the sea, and ac- 
 cessibility by railway from various important points ; 
 its moderate climate in winter, principal season of 
 legislative assemblage; and its proximate centrality, 
 as between North and South. Among the disad- 
 vantages may be named the doubtful healthiness of 
 some portions (including the Executive Mansion) in 
 summer; and its entire want of centrality towards 
 the limited East and the wddely-extended West — the 
 latter feature having given rise to much dissatisfac- 
 tion, of late years, and some efforts at effecting the 
 removal of the seat of government to some one of 
 the Western cities— St. Louis being oftenest named. 
 The governmental conveniences now existing on this 
 spot, however, and the late completion of the en- 
 larged Capitol, render it entirely improbable that 
 any such removal will take place within the present 
 century, and leave Washington to bo visited and 
 considered as the permanent capital of the United 
 States. 
 
174 
 
 SEOBT-TIilP GUIDE. 
 
 Of course first among iis attractions, to the tour- 
 ist, at whatever season, will be found 
 
 The Capitol, standing on Capitol Hill, fronting 
 east and west, and occupying the same site as the 
 original, founded by Washington and burned by the 
 British in 1814, when the Congressional Library^ 
 many valuable pictures, the President’s House and 
 other buildings, shared the same fate. The present 
 structure, undeniably one of the noblest government 
 buildings in the world, and with many grand and 
 beautiful details in architecture, is an enlargement 
 of that which replaced the burned building, and has 
 consequently the blemish of showing some incon- 
 gruity in materials and afterthought” in design. It 
 is immense in extent, however, the entire length being 
 some 750 feet, with a wing depth of 300 and a body 
 depth of 200; and the whole space of ground covered 
 is said to be three and a half acres. Handsome 
 grounds surround the Capitol, with fine shade trees 
 and some good landscape gardening; and from these 
 grounds, below either front, and from the two fronts 
 themselves, remarkably fine views may be obtained. 
 
 The East Front, (main) has an immense colon- 
 nade and portico, with Persico’s statues of Colum- 
 bus, of Washington, allegorical figures of Peace and 
 War, Greenough’s Civilization,” etc., on the portico 
 and in the grounds adjoining; and it is here that 
 the inauguration ceremonies of each incoming 
 President take place, the auditory filling the portico 
 and the grounds below. The West Front, less elabo^ 
 
no UTE NO. 9 .— WESTEBN AND SO UIHERN 175 
 
 rate, has the view down Pennsylvania Avenue and 
 over the city. The next most prominent feature, 
 and perhaps the most notable of all, is 
 
 The Dome, before spoken of as among the noblest 
 in the world. It surmounts the center of the pile, 
 rising to a height of nearly 400 feet, crowned with 
 a colossal statue of Freedom, by Crawford ; and is 
 ascended from within, by a spiral stairway, for the 
 extensive and magnificent view of Washington, the 
 Potomac, the near portions of the District, of Vir- 
 ginia, Maryland, etc. In the Rotunda, immediately 
 under the dome, are to be seen the eight large his- 
 torical pictures, Discovery of the Mississippi,” 
 ‘‘ Baptism of Pocahontas,” ‘‘ Declaration of Indepen- 
 dence,” “Surrender of Burgoyne,” “Surrender of 
 Cornwallis,” “Washington Resigning his Commis- 
 sion,” and “ Landing of Columbus.” The Rotunda 
 has also a “ Massacre of the Innocents,” portraits of 
 Lincoln and others, some interesting historical bas- 
 reliefs, etc. The Canopy, surmounting, is elaborately 
 painted in fresco, by Brumidi, and contains an im- 
 mense number of allegorical and historical figures. 
 Naturally the next objects of interest will be the 
 Senate and Representative Chambers, the former 
 situated in the north wing (or “ extension ” — new 
 part of the building) and the latter in the south 
 wing. They are both large, with good accommoda- 
 tion for spectators (in the Strangers’ Galleries), elab- 
 orately finished, lighted from above by hidden gas- 
 burners through ground glass, and extremely well 
 
17G 
 
 SnORT-TBIF GUIDE. 
 
 ventilated, but with their impressiveness materially 
 marred by the low, flat ceilings. Both are reached 
 by elaborate and costly stairways, really among the 
 most notable features in the building ; and it may 
 be said of both that, with whatever faults of con- 
 struction, they are among the best of their class, in 
 the world. Next in interest is to be visited the 
 Supreme Court Boom, a large semi-circular apart- 
 ment in the north wing, with busts of former 
 Chief- Justices Jay, Eutiedge, Ellsworth and Mar- 
 shall; and beneath it the Old Supreme Court Eoom, 
 now the Laio Library] with a fine collection of books 
 in the higher branches of jurisprudence, and some 
 peculiarities in the architecture of the room, com- 
 manding surprised attention. The 
 
 Library of Congress, with some 90,000 to 100,000 
 volumes (now accumulating very rapidly, as copies 
 of all works published in America must be deposit- 
 ed there, to secure copy-rights — as in the British 
 Museum), and an immense number of valuable doc- 
 uments and manuscripts, — is in the western portion 
 of the main building, and show's fire-proof book- 
 cases and all appliances to guard against the recur- 
 rence of fire, which has twice destroyed previous col- 
 lections (1814 — war ; and 1851, accidental.) But 
 perhaps quite as. interesting as any of the apart- 
 ments named, is the 
 
 Old Hall of Bepresentaiwes, in the south wing of 
 the center building, semi-circular, with panelled 
 ceiling and cupola, row of splendid columns in Vir- 
 
no UTE EO. 9 .— WESTEBJSr AJSTE SO UTHERN, 177 
 
 ginia green-stone ; and containing, among other 
 objects of interest and value, Vanderlyn’s “ Wash- 
 ington,” a full-length of Lafayette, Franzoni’s statue 
 of History, statues and busts of Washington, Kos- 
 ciusko, Lincoln, Johnson, &c. Here, also, have 
 spoken nearly all the great legislators of America 
 in the past, making the place historically memora- 
 ble. Opening from this into the corridor, may be 
 seen the 
 
 Bronze Columbus Door, modelled by Kogers and 
 cast at Munich (where the model remains), repre- 
 senting various scenes in the life and death of the 
 discoverer, and considered among the best of con- 
 temporary works. 
 
 Many other apartments of interest may be visited 
 in the Capitol, among them the President’s and Vice- 
 President’s Booms, the Speaker’s, Senators’, Eecep- 
 tion, &c., and some of the Committee Booms, in 
 the latter of which wnll be found displayed quite as 
 much luxury (not always in the best taste) as can 
 be found in any other portion of the structure. 
 
 [Admission to the Capitol, and access to most of 
 its rooms, every w^eek-day, 10 to 3. Congress gen- 
 erally in session from early December to 4th March, 
 in the years with odd numbers ; in those with even 
 numbers, (as 1876) the sessions often continuing far 
 into the summer, and even later. Admission to the 
 Congressional Sessions, without card, and only 
 limited by the capacity of the large galleries. In 
 connection it may be well to say that the same 
 
178 
 
 SHORT-TBIP GUIDE. 
 
 hours (10 to 3) and the same freedom from routine 
 or special application, apply to most of the Depart- 
 ment buildings at Washington.] 
 
 Next in importance to the traveler, of the build- 
 ings of Washington, is the 
 
 Pkesident’s House (familiarly known as the 
 ‘‘White House,^^ especially in political parlance), 
 situated on the high ground at the opposite or 
 north-western extremity of (main) Pennsylvania 
 Avenue (principal drive and fashionable promenade 
 of the city). It is of white stone, as its name indi- 
 cates, has a colonnaded front, but little architectural 
 merit, stands near the Potomac, and commands a 
 fine view of that river and the opposite shore. It 
 contains some handsome and well-appointed rooms, 
 the East Room being the most notable ; but the lo- 
 cation is not considered healthy in summer, and the 
 Presidential family does not often steadily occupy ifc 
 throughout that season. [Calls, without ceremonial 
 or previous introduction, are generally received by 
 the President every week-day, 10 to 1, except those 
 devoted to Cabinet meetings or other special ap- 
 pointments. No court-dress necessary or proper. 
 Levees, during the Congressional Season, fortnight- 
 ly; and weekly receptions, generally on Saturday 
 mornings, by the Lady of the White House, with 
 the President present.] 
 
 The Patent Office, after those named, is un- 
 doubtedly the most interesting place of visit in 
 Washington, for its massive architecture and on ac- 
 
RO UTE NO. 9 .— WESTERN AND SO JJTRERN. 179 
 
 count of its extraordinary collection of mecbanical 
 and labor-saving implements, in which it has no 
 equal in any country. It is located on F street 
 (many of the Washington streets being thus desig- 
 nated by letters) between Seventh and Ninth 
 streets. The Model Room, occupying one entire 
 floor, is divided into four halls, of which the East 
 Hall is occupied by practical models ; the West 
 Hall by rejected ones; the South Hall (with hand- 
 some frescoed ceilings) by personal effects of Wash- 
 ington, other Eevolutionary relics, (sword of Wash- 
 ington and cane of Franklin, among others) medals 
 and Treaties with, and presents from foreign powers, 
 Powers’ Statue of Washington, &c., forming a 
 unique, most valuable and interesting collection. 
 Near the Patent Office is to be visited the 
 
 General Post Office, an imposing Corinthian struc- 
 ture, with the internal arrangements commanding a 
 certain degree of attention, and some valuable re- 
 cords of Franklin. Also, the City Post Office, in 
 same building. The 
 
 State, War and Navy Departments have buildings 
 near each other and near the President’s House, on 
 Pennsylvania Avenue. Little of interest is to be 
 found in either, except the Library of the State 
 Department, and the Collection of Relics of the 
 War and Navy. Of much more importance to the 
 visitor is the 
 
 Treasury Department Building, on Fifth street, 
 immense in size and of some architectural merit; 
 
180 
 
 BHOBTTRIP GUIDE. 
 
 while the details of Paper Money Printing [admis- 
 sion by order from the Secretary of the Treasury-— 
 easily obtained], carried on in the upper and lower 
 portions of the structure, are worthy of close atten- 
 tion from their extent and completeness. The 
 
 Smithsonian Institute (founded by the late James 
 Smithson, Esq., of England), stands in extensive and 
 high!}- ornamented grounds, called the Mall, west of 
 the Capitol, and south-east of the President’s 
 House. It is of large extent, built of red sand- 
 stone, Norman in architecture, and has nine towers, 
 of irregular heights. It contains an immense libra- 
 ry-room, picture-gallery, lecture-room, laboratory, 
 etc., and is already doing a noble work in the ad- 
 vancement of science. At no considerable distance 
 from this, stands the 
 
 ■ Washington Monument, intended to be one of the 
 largest in the world, but thus far simply one of the 
 largest failures, the funds to complete it from its 
 present height of 170 feet to the contemplated 600, 
 not being forthcoming. It is at present no monu- 
 ment, but a curiosity. The 
 
 .National Observatory stands on Western Pennsyl- 
 vania Avenue, half way between the President’s 
 House and Georgetown. It has a large transit and 
 some other fine instruments, astronomical library, 
 clock, etc. 
 
 The Public Grounds of Washington are princi- 
 pally comprised in the Mall, on the banks of the 
 Potomac, at and near the Smithsonian Institute; 
 
BO UTE NO. 9 .— WESTERN AND SO UTUERN. 181 
 
 the Capitol Orounds, before spoken of; and Lafa\j- 
 elle Square, near the President’s House (with Clark 
 Mills’ equestrian statue of Jackson). Principal 
 Churches: the Epiphany., (Epis.) G. Street, near 
 Thirteenth; Trinity (Epis.) Third street; St Johns 
 (Epis.) Lafayette Square; Presbyterian, Eour-and* 
 a-half Street; St Aloysius (Cath.) near the Capitol; 
 Foundry church, (Meth. Epis.) Fourteenth street. 
 Principal Theatres: the New National and WalTs 
 Olvera House. {Ford's Theatre, once a favorite, 
 and the scene of the assassination of President 
 Lincoln, April, 1865, is to be seen as a curiosity, 
 but has never since been opened as a place of 
 amusement). Public Hall : Lincoln Hall. Promi- 
 nent Hotels: the Arlington; St Cloud; Howard; 
 St James'; Willard's. 
 
 Suburban and other excursions from Washington, 
 will include those to the Soldiers' Home (Military 
 Asylum), three miles north of the city, and favorite 
 resort of Presidential families in summer; the Arse-- 
 nal, Greenleaf’s Point, junction of Eastern Branch 
 and Potomac, with interesting collection of ord- 
 nance. To the 
 
 Navy Yard, with ship-houses, an armory, etc., on 
 the Eastern Branch, short walk south-east of the 
 Capitol. To the 
 
 Congregational Cemetery, lying on the Eastern 
 Branch, north-east of the Capitol, with many scores 
 of monuments to Members of Congress who have 
 died at Washington, and specially notable monu- 
 
182 
 
 SHORT- TRIP GUIDE. 
 
 ments of interest, to William Wirt, George Clinton, 
 Elbridge Gerry, and others; also Glemvood, rival 
 cemetery of much beauty, lying north of the Capi- 
 tol. To the 
 
 Long Bridge, crossing the Potomac to the Vir- 
 ginia shore, from near the Mall, to Alexander’s 
 Island, and computed to have carried over half a 
 million of troops during the war of the secession. 
 To 
 
 Georgetown, a handsome suburb, lying at the 
 West, beyond Eock Creek, with fine view from the 
 Heights^ and much interest in the Aqueduct, carry- 
 ing the Chesapeake and Ohio Canal over the Poto- 
 mac; also, Georgetown College (Jesuit), at the west 
 end of the town, with library, museum, observatory, 
 etc.; the Convent of the Visitation, Fayette street; 
 Asylum for Children ; Oafc Hill Cemetery (with 
 handsome Chapel, fine monument to M. Bodisco, 
 etc.) To 
 
 Arlington House, former mansion of George 
 Washington Parke Custis, stepson of Washington^ 
 and later of General Eobert E. Lee, of the Confed- 
 erate service, but the property since occupied as a 
 Freedman’s Village, and most of the rare Washing- 
 ton and other relics carried away, though the place 
 must always retain a certain historical interest. To 
 
 Little and Great Falls, of the Potomac, above 
 Georgetown, with handsome scenery, and specially 
 fine fishing. [All the last named places are most 
 conveniently reached by carriage.] To 
 
RO UTE NO, 9 .— WESTERN AND SO UTHERN, 185 
 
 Alexandria, old town of Virginia, on the West- 
 ern side of the Potomac, seven miles below Wash- 
 ington — once of heavy commercial importance, but 
 now decayed. It has interesting historical reminis- 
 cences, in the fact that Gen. Braddock’s unfortu- 
 nate expedition to Fort Duquesne, which brought 
 Col. Washington to notice, was fitted out here; also 
 in his pew in Christ Church, still preserved, and 
 other relics of the Father of his Country. It has a 
 later and melancholy interest as the spot (at the 
 Marshall House) where Col. Ellsworth, the Zouave, 
 and his slayer, Jackson, were both shot, in May, 
 18G1. It has also a Museum, Court House, Theolog- 
 ical Seminary, etc. [Beached from Washington by 
 special boat here and to Mount Vernon; or by regu- 
 lar daily boat on way to Acquia Creek, Fortress 
 Monroe, and Eichmond. Also, by rail or road. 
 Bail way connection, north to Washington; south 
 to Acquia Creek, Eichmond, etc. ; northwest to 
 Leesburg, Harper’s Ferry, Chamber sburg, etc. ; 
 west and southwest (through a succession of the 
 early battle-fields of the secession war), to Fairfax 
 Court House, Manassas Junction (battle-field of 
 Bull Run in immediate neighborhood) connection 
 northwestward to Strasburg, Winchester, etc.). War- 
 renton Junction (for Warrenton), Culpe'pper, Orange 
 Court House, Gordonsville, Charlottesville (seat 
 of the University of Virginia, and with ‘^Monti- 
 cello,” home of Thomas Jefferson, lying near), Sum- 
 mit, and other stations, to 
 
184 
 
 SEOUT-TRIP GUIDE. 
 
 principal depot of the Chesapeake and 
 Ohio road (connection northward to Harrisonburg 
 and to Harper’s Ferry); to Goshen (near connec* 
 tions to Eockbridge Alum, Bath Alum, Jordan 
 Alum and other Springs; and by stage to Eock- 
 bridge Baths, Lexington, the Natural Bridge, &c.); 
 to Covington; through the Alleghenies to White Sul- 
 phur Springs, (see, for all these connections, Eoute 
 9|); to Huntington, on the Ohio Eiver, terminus 
 of the Chesapeake and Ohio road, &c.] 
 
 Of course the most interesting of all excursions 
 from Washington will be that to 
 Mount Veknon, old residence and burial place 
 of Washington, lying on the west bank of the Poto- 
 mac, eight miles below Alexandria. It is, to Amer- 
 icans, unquestionably the most sacred of places on 
 the continent, and only less interesting to those 
 from other lands. Though somewhat decayed, the 
 House (now the property of the Nation, through 
 the labors of Edward Everett and the ladies of the 
 Ladies’ Mount Vernon Association”), commands a 
 beautiful view of the river, is in fair preserva- 
 tion, and contains many valuable relics, among 
 others, pictures and furniture of Washington, the 
 Key of the Bastille, presented to him by Lafayette, 
 etc. The Tomb, of brick, stands near the house, 
 under heavy shade, with an open grated doorway 
 through which the sarcophagi of Washington and 
 his wife are seen; with other tombs of the family 
 visible without; the archway of the tomb bearing 
 the simple inscription; Within this enclosure rest 
 
no UTE NO. 9 .— WESTERN AND SO UTHERN 185 
 
 the remains of General George WashinglonT Not 
 far distant is the original Tomb, now crumbling to 
 dust. [Beached from Washington by boat ; or by 
 boat to Alexandria, and drive, or by drive. If by 
 boat, with view of and stop at old Fori Washington^ 
 once a fortification of some consequence, on the 
 eastern side of the Potomac, between Alexandria 
 and Mount Vernon.] 
 
 Other Excursions from Washington, those to 
 Bull Run, scene of the fir^t important battle of the 
 secession [reached from Alexandria, by Manassas 
 Junction], and other fields of the late conflict. Also, 
 nearly the same, in different directions, with obvious 
 variation of railway routes, as those from Baltimore 
 —•see close of Division B, this route. 
 
 Division F. 
 
 WASHINGTON, TO AND AT EICHMOND, VA. 
 
 Leave Washington by morning boat on the Poto- 
 mac river, to Alexandria, Va., on the right, [See pre- 
 vious Division] ; thence by Fort Washington, on the 
 left [See same], and Mount Vernon, on the right 
 [See same]; or, by rail from Washington to 
 
 Acquia GreeJc, small village deriving its only im- 
 portance from this transit, at the junction of the 
 Creek of that name with the Potomac. Thence rail, 
 on the Bichmond, Fredericsburg and Potomac road, 
 to 
 
 Fredericsburg, on the right bank of Eappahan- 
 
186 
 
 SnOBT-miP GTJIBE, 
 
 nock Elver — old town of importance in early Virgi- 
 nia history, and especially notable from the fact that 
 Geoege Washington was born in the immediate 
 neighborhood. This event, so important to the 
 Western World, and indeed to all mankind, took 
 place upon what has long been known as the Wake- 
 field Estate, at an inconsiderable distance from the 
 town, within the limits of Westmoreland county ; 
 and though the birth-place has long been destroyed, 
 the spot is commemorated by a stone slab erected 
 there by George W. P. Custis, step-son of Washing- 
 ton, in 1815, and bearing the brief inscription : 
 
 Here, the 11th of February, (0. S.) 1732, George 
 Washington was BornP The . mother of Washington 
 resided, late in life, at Fredericsburg, and died and 
 was buried there; her monument, in the outskirts of 
 the town, inaugurated by President Jackson in 1833, 
 still shamefully remaining unfinished. The house is 
 still pointed out, at the corner of Lewis and Charles 
 streets, where she saw her distinguished son for the 
 last time. Fredericsburg has also a later celebrity, 
 as the scene, and in the neighborhood, of a consider- 
 able amount of the fighting of the secession war, in 
 1862, ’63, and later; and the country in the vicinity 
 has by no means recovered from the devastation of 
 those conflicts. Fredericsburg, by Milford, Chester, 
 Sexton's Junction [connection westward, by Ches- 
 apeake and Ohio Eailroad, to Gordonsville, Staunton, 
 and White Sulphur Spring s,~\ to 
 
 Eichmond, on the James Eiver, capital of the 
 
RO UTE NO, 9 .— WESTERN AND SO UTHERN. 187 
 
 State of Viro-inia, and ever memorable as the later 
 seat of the Confederate Government, and the object 
 of an investiture and siege by the United States 
 forces, that seemed literally hopeless and intermin- 
 able. It lies on the left or north bank of the James, 
 at the Lower Falls, or end of that series of rapids ex- 
 tending six miles above and supplying the city with 
 the needed water-power for its many jBiour-mills, to- 
 bacco and other manufactories. The most conspic- 
 uous object in the city, from the height of its posi- 
 tion as well as from other causes, is 
 
 Tlie Capitol, located on Shockoe Hill, a considera- 
 ble elevation, and thus looking down upon the major 
 portion of the city. It is Greek in the character of 
 its architecture, with porticos, and a tall, narrow 
 dome, and is generally impressive in effect, though 
 the details are by no means faultless. It stands in a 
 public square elevated as above named, and com- 
 mands a fine view, especially from the portico or 
 dome, over the James jRiver, its islands, and a wide 
 stretch of country. Jnternally, there is not much of 
 interest in the legislative halls; the principal at- 
 traction centericg in the splendid marble statue of 
 Washington, by Houdon, considered the best extant, 
 standing in the central hall, under the dome — and 
 in the historical reminiscences, now so varied, inevi- 
 tably clustering round the principal place of direc- 
 tion of the short-lived Confederacy.. 
 
 Other Principal Buildings, worth visit: Richmond 
 and SL Vincent Colleges; the Citij Hall, Custom 
 
188 
 
 SEOBT-TBIP OVIDE. 
 
 House and Penitentiary; and, as special objects of 
 interest connected with the war, Castle Thunder and 
 the Lihhy Prison. Also may be visited with profit, 
 some of the many Flouring MillSi which some of 
 the best wheat in the world is prepared. Leading 
 Churches: St. John's and the Monumental, with 
 many others only less interestiug. Other objects of 
 interest: the old Lines of Fortification defending the 
 city during the siege; the Bapids (or Falls of the 
 James); the entrance of the James River and 
 Kanawha Canal, etc. Leading Hotel: the Ballard. 
 
 [Principal railway connections from Richmond: 
 northward, by routes just traversed, to Washington, 
 etc. ; eastward to the White House and Chesapeake 
 Bay; southward, by Petersburg and Weldon road, 
 to Weldon and Wilmington (N. C.); westward, by 
 Sexton’s Junction and Gordonsville, to Charlottes- 
 ville, Staunton, Covington, White Sulphur Springs, 
 &c.; south-westward, by Richmond and Danville 
 road, to Greensboro (N. C.); and Columbia and 
 Charleston (S. C.); also south-westward, by South 
 Side and Tennessee roads (by Burkeville Junction) 
 to Lynchburg, and across #the Alleghenies to Knox- 
 ville (Tenn.), and other places in extreme south and 
 west. (See routes following.)] 
 
noun No. Qh-SPECJAL VIRGJN/AN TOUR.^ 
 
 BALTIMORE OR WASHINGTON TO PRINCIPAL VIR- 
 GINIA SPRINGS, NATURAL CURIOSITIES 
 AND MOUNTAINS, AND TO LYNCH- 
 BURG AND RICHMOND. 
 
 Division A, 
 
 BY harper's ferry TO BERKELEY SPRINGS. 
 
 Leave Baltimore or Washington by Baltimore and 
 Ohio railroad, along the Upper Potomac and the 
 Chesapeake and Ohio Canal, with burned bridges 
 and other traces of the late secession war, through 
 Monocacy Valley to 
 
 Point of Pocks, commencement of the rough di'- 
 vision made by the Potomac Eiver between the 
 States of Maryland and Virginia (railway con- 
 nection northward to Frederick) ; to Hagerstown 
 Junction (railway connection northward to Hagers- 
 iown)], to 
 
 * Tickets, information, and all facilities for this tour, are supplied 
 by Messrs. Cook, Son <fe Jf-nkins, 261 Broadway, New York, one of the 
 members of which firm has deservea the thanks of travelers by his 
 efforts for better opening Virginia to tourists, and calling closer and 
 wider attention to the noble scenery of the section. 
 
SHORT^miP GUIDE. 
 
 im 
 
 Harper’s Ferry, at the intersectian of the Upper 
 Potomac with the Shenandoah, and considered one 
 of the most picturesque passes in America, as well 
 as a point of much importance in late history^ (See 
 Eoute 9, Division B, p. 170.) Among its objects of 
 special interest are the ruins of the U. S^ Arsenal } 
 Maryland, Loudoun, and other heights, through 
 which the Potomac makes its grand passage j the 
 very fine iron bridge over the river, &c. At this 
 point the railroad, which has before followed the 
 Maryland shore, crosses to that of Virginia, and 
 continues for some distance within sight of the Po- 
 tomac. The next station of importance is that of 
 
 Martinsburg, famous during the war for conflict- 
 ing loyalty and rebelliousness, and the home of the 
 ultra-Southern heroine, Belle Boyd: now a thriving 
 town, with railway-shops, the county Fair-Grounds, 
 and a rough but picturesque location. By minor 
 stations to 
 
 Sir John's Run, on the Potomac, spot of one of the 
 encampments of General Braddock, on the way to 
 his disastrous defeat at Fort Duquesne, and named 
 for Sir John Sinclair, commander of his vanguard. 
 Also noted for the experiments of Bumsey, who here 
 constructed one of the earliest steamboats. 
 
 [Beyond Sir John’s Bun, for Gumherlmid, Pitts- 
 ETJRO and the West, continue by the Baltimofi*e and 
 Ohio road, crossing the Alleghenies, through scenery 
 of marked magnificence. See “Boute 9|.”] 
 
 At Sir John’s Bun, for the purposes of this tour. 
 
SPECIAL YIRGimAIL TOUR. 
 
 189& 
 
 stage is taken, through very fine mountain scenery, 
 for a short ride to 
 
 Berkeley Springs, one of the oldest and most 
 noted of the Virginia watering-places, at which Gen. 
 Washington, Thomas Jefferson and other great men 
 of the past had summer residences, and sought 
 health and relaxation. The Springs lie in a pleasant 
 valley, hemmed in by mountains, and are alleged to 
 possess a specially breezy atmosphere, at all seasons; 
 and the waters, merely tepid, have a high repute for 
 bathing. The place has a certain additional cele- 
 brity, as the residence of Porte Crayon” (Gen. D. 
 H. Strother), the well-known illustrator of Virginia 
 scenery. Principal Hotel: the Pavilion, with fine 
 grounds and Baths of great completeness. 
 
 Return from Berkeley Springs to Sir John’s Run 
 and to Harper’s Ferry, for pursuance of this tour; 
 changing cars at Harper’s Ferry to Winchester and 
 Potomac road. 
 
 Division B. 
 
 harper’s ferry to and at weyer’s cave. 
 
 Leave Harper’s Ferry by the Winchester and 
 Potomac road, down the Shenandoah Valley, w’ith 
 shallow river on the left, and many marks of the de- 
 struction wrought in the Valley, by fire and other- 
 wise, during the secession war. Through a very 
 fine agricultural country, opening what is more 
 generally called the ‘Walley of Virginia.” Half an 
 hour from Harper’s Ferry brings 
 
SHOBT^miP &UIDE, 
 
 me 
 
 Charlestown, a village of little promi?%eiice, but 
 always notable, hencefortb, as tbe place where John 
 Brown, of Osawattomie,, was tried and executed, for 
 his armed invasion of the State, at Harper s Ferry. 
 The spot where Brown was hung is visible in a high 
 field, at the left of the road, shortly after passing 
 through the main village. Continuing through a 
 very rich agricultural country, something less than 
 one hour brings 
 
 Wmchester, thriving town of the Valley, with the 
 Ice Mountain, where blocks of ice are said to be 
 found all the year round; the Capon Springs, the 
 Hanging Rocks, and other natural curiosities, with- 
 in easy reach — ^and having now a peculiar historic 
 and romantic interest, as the spot of an important 
 conflict and the place of termination of T. Bucha- 
 nan Read’s celebrated poem,. Sheridan’s Ride.” 
 During all this ride down the Valley of Virginia, 
 grand mountain scenery accompanies, at a distance,, 
 the Blue Ridge at the East and the North Moun- 
 tain range at the West, seeming to shut the whole 
 Valley away from the world. Also, many ravines 
 and high bridges add picturesqueness to the journey. 
 At 
 
 Strasbnrg Junction connection is made with the 
 Washington City, Virginia Midland and Great 
 Southern railroad, from and to Manassas Junction,, 
 Washington, Alexandria, &c. Passing Woodstock^ 
 Mount Jackson, and other stations, and Newmarket 
 (stage connection for Gordonsville), is reached. 
 
SPEGiAL VIRGINIAN TOUR. 
 
 md 
 
 Harrisonhm^g, former end of rail in this direction,, 
 now stopping-place of a certain interest. Hotel, 
 EffingePs. Rail may be continued to Staunton ; or, 
 at Harrisburg or Weyer’s Cave Station, a few miles 
 beyond, stage-coach or private carriage may be 
 taken for the ride, through a moderately broken 
 country, to 
 
 Weyer’s Cave, one of the most remarkable and 
 beautiful subterranean passages in the world, and 
 considered more varied in its spectacles than the 
 Mammoth Cave of Kentucky, though much smaller. 
 It lies on one of the branches of the Shenandoah,- a 
 few miles west of the Blue Ridge, and has been prin- 
 cipally made known to the world (though known 
 since 1804), by Porte Crayon,” in his ‘^Virginia 
 Illustrated.” For any adequate impression of this 
 cave, its many chambers, great extent, wonderful 
 variety, and the singular character of its stalactites 
 and stalagmites, dependance must be entirely placed 
 upon personal observation, the guide (always in 
 readiness), and the local hand-book cheaply sup- 
 plied. The visitor should be advised, however, 
 
 (1) that he is undoubtedly visiting one of the 
 most notable subterranean marvels in any land ; 
 
 (2) that a considerable amount of fatigue is in- 
 volved in any thorough exploration ; but that (3) 
 no danger whatever is incurred, if the guide’s di- 
 rections are obeyed ; though (4) fine clothing is 
 apt to become a trifle smirched, and ladies’ long 
 dresses are out of place ; and (5) night is con- 
 
SHOUT-TRIP GUIDE, 
 
 me 
 
 Bidered a better time for tbe visit thau day, as 
 the eyes are not subjected to such changes between 
 the world outside the cave and the torchlight realm 
 within it. Hotel (and place for procuring guide), 
 Mohler’s Weyer's Cave Hotel. In the vicinity of 
 Weyer’s Cave are Madison's Cave (described by Thos. 
 Jefferson in ‘'Notes on Virginia’'), Fountain Cave, 
 and others minor but interesting to those making 
 longer sojourns. 
 
 From Weyer’s Cave, return hy stage-coach or car- 
 riage to connection with the rail between Harris- 
 onburg and Staunton, at Weyer’s Cave Station, 
 thence by rail to Staunton ; or, to Mount Sidney, 
 and continue by carriage (turnpike, and fine drive), 
 to Staunton. 
 
 Division C. 
 
 AT STAUNTON, AND TO THE WHITE SULPHUR 
 SPRINGS. 
 
 Staunton, thriving town of considerable age, 
 county town of Augusta County, noted for its Col- 
 legiate Schools, and seat of two State institutions of 
 consequence — the Hospital for the Insane, and the 
 Asylum for the Deaf and Dumb and the Blind , — 
 has lately sprung into increased prominence as the 
 head-quarters of the just-completed Chesapeake and 
 Ohio railroad, extending from Chesapeake Bay to 
 the Ohio Kiver. It has also additional importance 
 
SPECIAL YimmiAS TOUR. 
 
 189 / 
 
 as a place of rendezvous for tourists to the various 
 springs and natural curiosities adjacent. Principal 
 hotel : the Amerimn. [Railway connections, east 
 to Charlottesville, Richmond, Norfolk, &c.; west by 
 route about to be traversed ; south by stage (rail in 
 contemplation) to Bonsack's, and the Virginia and 
 Tennessee road, for the south-west.] 
 
 From Staunton, for pursuance of this route — by 
 the Chesapeake and Ohio Railroad, by 
 
 Goshen, village with important connections to 
 many of the more important Springs, the Natural 
 Bridge, &c., (hereafter to be noted); at this point 
 the scenery along the road commencing and con- 
 tinuing to be singularly wild and grand, ranking 
 among the best of its class in America — all the dis- 
 tance through and from the North Mountain chain, 
 to and through the Alleghenies. Among the most 
 prominent points to be noted, are the rocky pass of 
 Panther Gap, the huge bulk of Griffith’s Knob, 
 and the picturesque mouth of the Cow Pasture 
 River. At 
 
 Millhoro is the point of leaving the rail by coach 
 for the Warm Springs, and the Warm Spring Moun- 
 tain, long celebrated for grandeur of view. Pursu- 
 ing route by the rail, however, is passed the grand 
 scenery of Clifton Forge, with the wild entrance of 
 Jackson’s River ; and not far beyond is reached 
 
 Covington, mere railway hamlet ; beyond which 
 point the scenery is even wilder than before, with 
 the great Clay Cut, the tremendous embankment 
 
189 ^^ 
 
 SEOBT^TBIP GUIDE, 
 
 of Jerry’s Run, and two immense Tunnels — the 
 second and longest through one of the mountains 
 of the main Allegheny ridge ; shortly after which 
 are reached 
 
 White Sulphur Springs (station, and place of pop- 
 ular resort). 
 
 [Beyond the White Sulphur Springs, for those 
 going west, rail is continued, by Gauley Bridge, 
 Charleston, Barhour smile, &c., to Huntington and the 
 Ohio River. J The 
 
 White Sulphur Springs (hotel and grounds) lie 
 very near the station. The grounds are very ex- 
 tensive, and well laid out ; and the hotel building, 
 taking name from the Springs, is large and commo- 
 dious, though old (having entertained the flower of 
 Southern aristocracy through the summers of more 
 than half a century), while nearly one hundred cot- 
 tages, in Rows,” circling the grounds, afford favor- 
 ite accommodation. The waters of the Springs are 
 strongly sulphuric, as the name indicates, and are 
 held to be a speciflc in many diseases ; though no 
 doubt the principal attraction of the place is, after 
 all, compounded of fashion and the fine surround- 
 ing scenery. 
 
SPECIAL VlRGimAlSl TCUB. 
 
 189/i. 
 
 Division D. 
 
 TO LEXINGTON, THE NATURAL BRIDGE, LYNCHBURG 
 AND RICHMOND. 
 
 Keturn, from tlie White Salphur Springs, by Ches-- 
 apeake and Ohio road, by Covington, &c., to 
 
 Goshen, before named in proceeding westward — 
 important as being the center or point of departure 
 for many places of popular resort. [Among others 
 reached from Goshen by coach, are the Cold White. 
 Sulphur SpT'ings, % miles ; the Bockbridge Alum 
 Springs, 8 miles; and the Jordan Alum Springs, 8 
 miles; besides others embraced . in the tour follow- 
 ing.] 
 
 Leave Goshen, by stage coach, through the very 
 wild and picturesque Goshen Pass, along the North 
 Fork of the James Kiver, to 
 
 Bockbridge Baths, popular place of summer resort, 
 beside the North Fork of the James, and with 
 iodine and magnesia waters, said to be of the first 
 excellence. Hotel: the Bockbridge Baths. 
 
 From Rockbridge Baths, continue by stage-coach 
 to 
 
 Lexington, important town and tourist center, 
 seat of the Virginia Mililarg Institute, and of Wash- 
 ing, ton and Lee University, and with the tombs 
 of Generals Robert E. Lee and Stonewall Jackson 
 commanding attention. Has also, at the University, 
 an Astronomical Observatory of note, founded by 
 McCormick, inventor of the Reaper, a native of 
 
SHOET^TBIP GUIDE. 
 
 mi 
 
 this county (Rockbridge). Leading Hotel: the Na- 
 tional. 
 
 [From Lexington, by stage or private carriage, 
 excursion may be made to the Peaks of Otter, moun- 
 tains of peculiar beauty, southward; or stage maybe 
 taken to Bonsack's, and connection made with the 
 Virginia and Tennessee road.] 
 
 From Lexington, by stage or carriage, to the 
 
 Natukal Bridge, first curiosity of Virginia, and 
 one of the grandest in the world. It crosses, in 
 a natural arch of some ninety feet, and with a 
 height of over two hundred feet, the deep chasm of 
 Cedar Creek, flowing into the James; and neither 
 pen nor pencil can do justice to the absolute gran- 
 deur of the structure, as witnessed from below and 
 above. Best points of view, and peculiar oddities 
 of resemblance to faces and animals under the arch, 
 pointed out by guides. The tourist may or may not 
 recognize the Eagle with outstretched wings, the 
 Lion’s Head, the Goddess of Liberty, and other 
 striking similitudes to men and animals, in the 
 moss and discoloration of the under-surface; but it 
 is sure that he will realize the grandeur of the struc- 
 ture, which is so wide, above, and so solid, that one 
 of the great public roads of the county passes over 
 it, and thousands ride across in stage-coach or wagon 
 without being aware of the terrible gulf beneath, 
 except their attention is called to it. Much inte- 
 rest is always excited by the initials cut at different 
 heights under the arch, by adventurous climbers; 
 
SPECIAL VIRGINIAN TOUR. 
 
 180 ; 
 
 and many fancy, perhaps with reason, that those of 
 George Washington (known to have been a visitor 
 and admirer of the Natural Bridge) may be dis- 
 covered in a certain locality. From above, at both 
 sides, very fine view^s over the creek and the adjacent 
 country may be obtained; though prudence should 
 be observed in going near to either edge. There is 
 also a view, at some distance from the road, of the 
 Bridge itself, which should not be lost. Hotel: the 
 Natural Bridge. Some notable Caves lie in the 
 neighborhood, partaking of the character of Weyer’s 
 and others. 
 
 From Natural Bridge, by carriage, to GilmouPs 
 Mill; and thence daily, (evening) packet-boat on 
 the James Eiver and Kanawha Canal, through fine 
 scenery, to 
 
 Lynchburg, on the James Eiver — flourishing town, 
 and great depot of the tobacco trade, as well as rail- 
 way center of importance. [Connections, westward 
 by the Virginia and Tennessee road; northwarvl to 
 Charlottesville and Gordonsville, for Eastern Virginia, 
 Washiisgton, &c.; southward to for North 
 
 Carolina, &c. ; eastward by route about to be trav- 
 ersed.] Leading Hotels; the Norvell and Piedmont 
 
 From Lynchburg, by the South Side railroad, by 
 Burkeville Junction, to Eichmond. (See Eoute 9^ 
 p. 186 and following.) 
 
 i Eichmo id to Washington by reverse of route 9, 
 
 ' Division E, p. 185; or by Chesapeake and Ohio road 
 [ to Gordonsville (Junction), and thence by Wash- 
 
il89^ 
 
 snoRT-mip ompE. 
 
 ington “City, Virginia Midland and Great Southern 
 road, — for return northward; or eastward, or south- 
 ward, by other lines of connection from that city. 
 ^(See Eoute 9> p. 188,) 
 
ROUTE No. ^i.—WESTERN AND SOUTH-WESTERN. 
 
 WASHINGTON OR BALTIMORE, BY BALTIMORE AND 
 OHIO ROAD, TO CUMBERLAND, GRAFTON, AND 
 WHEELING ; AND TO CHICAGO, ST. LOUIS, ETC. 
 
 Division A, 
 
 WASHINGTON OR BALTIMORE TO GRAFTON. 
 Washington or Baltimore, by B. and O. Eoad, 
 to Sir John’s Eun, as by previous route (“Special 
 Virginia Tour,” No. 9i), with unequalled oppor- 
 tunities, on all the earlier portions of this route, 
 through and by the Maryland towns, for visiting 
 some of the most noted battle-fields of the secession 
 war, to wit: Gettysbueo from Frederick, Antietam 
 from Hagerstown or Point of Bocks, &c. 
 
 Passing Point of Bocks, Harper’s Ferry, &c., as by 
 that route, and with or without detour at Sir John’s 
 Eun, to Berkeley Springs, as also by that route, — ■ 
 Prom Sir John’s Bun, continuing west, the rail- 
 road crosses the Great Cacapon by a fine bridge 300 
 feet long, and the Potomac (south branch) by one 
 400 ft. long; and then, passing by a Viaduct 700 ft. 
 long, crosses to the N. side of the Potomac into 
 Maryland again ; and next reaches 
 
 Cumberland, the second city of the State of Mary- 
 land, situated at the eastern foot of the range of the 
 Alleghenies. It is the center of a most important 
 coal and iron district; has some handsome public 
 buildings, and hotel; is the seat of large iron works, 
 the lailroad repairing-shops, and one of the largest 
 steel rolling-mills in the country. Cumberland is 
 the Eastern terminus of the Great National Eoad 
 through \Vheeling, &c., to the Mississippi; also the 
 We.stern termination of the Chesapeake and Ohio 
 Canal; both of which modes of transit, of the great- 
 
mm 
 
 SROBT^TBIP OUIDK 
 
 est importance in their day, have been to a great 
 extent superseded by railroads. 
 
 [Railway connections from Cumberland to Cor- 
 nellsville and Pittsburgh; also to the Oil Regions of 
 Pennsylvania. Short ride via Bridgeport, to the 
 celebrated Bedford Springsr\ 
 
 Leaving Cumberland, westward, is entered the 
 grand scenery of the Ascent of the Alleghenies, for 
 some 45 miles, among the best on the continent, to 
 the summit, at Altamont. Important points are 
 passed, on this ascent, at Keijser, 21 miles from 
 Cumberland, and at Piedmont (the “ mountain foot”), 
 28 miles from Cumberland. [Important connections, j 
 at Piedmont, with the Cumberland and Pennsylvania i 
 Railroad, through the coal and iron regions, among 
 the most important in those productions in America.] 
 At Piedmont commences the famous “17-mile 
 grade,’’ reaching the summit of the Alleghenies at AU 
 (amont, 2,720 feet above tide*water at Baltimore. 
 Near Altamont, some three miles distant, at Deer 
 Park, is the favorite hotel and summer-resort, the 
 Beer Park House. The descending grade of the Ahe- 
 ghenies is commenced at Crauhevry Summit, 23 miles 
 from Altamont; and very soon after, the magnificent 
 scenery of the Cheat Biver Valley and the river of the 
 same name comes into view. The scenery of this 
 valley is considered almost unrivalled. The valley is 
 crossed by a noble viaduct; and the ascent of the 
 Cheat River Grade” exposes the splendid scenery 
 of the Laurel Hill range. Among the best and bold- 
 est engineering work in America is to be found on 
 this road, during the passage to Cassidys Summit. 
 Again descending. King Wood Tunnel is passed 
 through, 4,100 feet in length. Shortly after is reached 
 
RO UTE NO. 9 |.— WESTERN AND SO UTHERN ISOn 
 
 Newburgh, ( W. Va.), 267 miles from Baltimore. Be- 
 yond, the rapid descent of the Three Forks leads to 
 Grafton, 1,000 feet above tide-water at Baltimore, 
 where diverge the two great sub-divisions of the Bal- 
 timore and Ohio: 1st, the Central Ohio Division, to 
 Newark, Columbus, Sandusky, &c., thence to Chicago; 
 and, 2d, the Main Line to Parkersburg, with connec- 
 tions to Cincinnati, SiLouis, theWest and Southwest. 
 
 Division B. 
 
 GRAFTON BY WHEELING TO CHICAGO. 
 Prominent places passed on this route are : 
 Fairmount, (W. Va.), county seat of Marion Co.; 
 Mannington, among the beautiful scenery of the Buf- 
 falo Valley; Moundsville, near which arise the won- 
 drous Indian Mounds of such size and prominence, 
 puzzling all the historians and men of science; Ben- 
 wood (with connection to Wheeling); Bellair (en- 
 trance into the State of Ohio); Cambridge; Zanesville, 
 important town and county seat of Muskingum Co. ; 
 Newark, county seat of Licking; Columbus, capital of 
 Ohio (see p. 202) ; [detour from Newark] ; Mansfield, 
 county seat of Eichland; Shelby [connection, by the 
 Cleveland, Columbus, Cincinnati & Indianapolis R. 
 R., with the Atlantic & Gt. Western and Erie roads, 
 direct to New York and the East] ; Sandusky, im- 
 portant town of Lake Erie ; thence by Tiffin (railway 
 junction of importance). Defiance, &c., to Chicago. 
 
 Division C. 
 
 GRAFTON BY PARKERSBURG TO ST. LOUIS. 
 
 Passing through a mountainous and wooded 
 country, producing coal and petroleum in great 
 abundance, is reached 
 
BEOm-TRIP GVIPE. 
 
 mo 
 
 Parkersburg, (W. Va.), county seat of Wood Co., 
 on the Ohio, at the mouth of the Little Kanawha — • 
 prosperous town, and center of petroleum and other 
 industries. The Ohio river is here crossed by one 
 of the most magnificent bridges in the world, with 
 a height above tide-water of some 80 feet, spans of 
 350 feet, and a total length of one mile, 550 yards. 
 Two miles below may be seen Blennerhassetf s Island, 
 so intimately connected with the fortunes of Aaron 
 Burr and his alleged victim, Herman Blennerhasset. 
 At Bel^re are to be found the great stock-yards of 
 the company. The next place of importance is 
 Athens, (O.), county seat of county of same name, 
 and seat of the State University and one of the State 
 Lunatic Asylums. Many of the noted Indian 
 Mounds in the neighborhood. [Eailway connection 
 to Columbus, by Hocking Valley road.] Then follow 
 Hamden, [branch road to Portsmouth, county seat of 
 Scioto, and center of coal and iron industries] ; 
 
 ChiUcothe, founded in 1796, and capital of Ohio 
 until 1810 — now county seat of Boss, and with many 
 handsome public and other buildings [branch rail to 
 Hillsboro]; Loveland [connection with the Little 
 Miami road]; to Cincinnati, (see p. 204). 
 
 From Cincinnati, by Lawrenceburgh [connection 
 to Indianapolis '] ; Horth Vernon [branch to Louisville, 
 Ohio, and steamers on that river] ; Flora [connec- 
 tions north to Beardstown, south to Shawneetowm 
 &c.] ; Odin [connection south to Cairo, New Okleans, 
 &C.1 This route terminates with the crossing of the 
 Mississippi river, by one of the most stupendous and 
 magnificent iron bridges in the world, to St. Louis. 
 
ROUTE No. 10.-S0UTH-WESTERN (SEMf-SKELE- 
 TON.) 
 
 EICHMOKD BY EALEIGH, WILMINGTON, COLUMBIA 
 CHAELESTON, ATLANTA, MONTGOMEEY AND ’ 
 mobile, to new ORLEANS. 
 
 Mmond by rad on Petersburg and Weldon road 
 to Petebsbueo (with fortifications remaining, and 
 other traces of the late struggle). rConnection 
 southeastward to Sufolk and Noiroi.] Thence 
 
 south to Weldon, 
 
 Golddooro&nA Wilmington], where Ealeigh and Gas- 
 ton road IS taken, -and by Eidgeimy Junction; to 
 Ealeigh, capdal of the State of North Carolina 
 on the Neuse Eiver, and named after Sir Walter 
 Ealeigh. ^ It has an imposing State House, hand- 
 some Union Square, State Lunatic Asylum and many 
 other object of interest. From Ealeigh; by the 
 f^OTth Carolina and Wilmington roads, to 
 Wilmington, on the Cape Fear Eiver, largest and 
 ,.*ief commercial city of the State, with steamers to 
 -Vew Tork;^ extensive exports of naval stores; some 
 Tood public buildings; Forts and Caswell 
 
 Lbombarded during the war), etc. Wilmington, by 
 Mlumbia and Augusta road to Florence; thence by 
 I North-eastern road to ’ ^ 
 
 Charleston, principal city of South Carolina, 
 
190 
 
 SHOBT-TRIP GUIDE, 
 
 and one of the leading sea-ports of the South [may 
 be reached by steamer direct from New York], as 
 well as especially celebrated as having been the spot 
 at which the first fighting of the secession occurred, 
 and for a long time the stronghold of the Confede- 
 rates and object of Federal siege. It lies at the 
 confluence of the Ashley and Cooper rivers, has a 
 fine harbor, and very strong fortifications, in Forts 
 Moultrie, Castle Pinckney, etc., and also the ruins of 
 the celebrated Fort Sumter, It has many good pub- 
 lic buildings, though many were destroyed during 
 the war, from which the city is only slowly recover- 
 iag. Among the most interesting buildings are the 
 Old State House (now Court House), New Custom 
 House, City Hall, Orphan Asylum, St MichaeVs 
 Church (with fine old tower). Charleston College, etc. 
 Principal Public Ground: the Battery, at the har- 
 bor-side. Principal Cemetery: Magnolia Cemetery, 
 considered the finest in the South. Leading Hotels: 
 the Charleston, Mills House and Pavilion, [Near 
 connection south-westward, by Charleston and Sa- 
 vannah road, to 
 
 Savannah, principal town of the State of Georgia, 
 on south bank of the Savannah River, with remark- 
 ably wide streets, fine shade, many notable public 
 buildings, revolutionary and secession reminiscences, 
 and considered one of the healthiest of the Southern 
 cities. Principal Hotels: the Sereven, Pulaski, 
 and Marshall, Connection from Savannah south- 
 westward to Tallahassee and other towns of Florida.] 
 
ROUTE NO. 1^.- SOUTH-WESTERN 
 
 191 
 
 From Charleston, by South Carolina road, by 
 Branchville and Kingsville, to 
 
 Columbia, capital of South Carolina, beautifully 
 situated on the Congaree river, with what is consid- 
 ered the handsomest Slate- Capitol in the Union, the 
 South Carolina College, and many other attractions, 
 though burned during the war, and only partially 
 recovered. Leading Hotel : Nickerson's. From Co- 
 lumbia, by Columbia and Augusta road, to 
 
 Augusta, important town of Georgia, and second 
 in the State ; on the Savannah Kiver, with Powder 
 and Cotton Factories, a large U. S. Arsenal in the 
 neighborhood, handsome City Hall, and many at- 
 tractions as a residence. Leading Hotels : the Au- 
 gusta and Planters'. From Augusta, westward, by 
 the Georgia road, to 
 
 Atlanta, capital of the State of Georgia, lying at 
 the intersection of the Georgia road west, the At- 
 lantic road southward from Chattanooga and Nash- 
 ville, the Macon road south to Macon, &c. ; and with 
 a certain other interest in its siege during the war, 
 and as the point of departure of Sherman, on his 
 March to the Sea.” Hotel : the Kimball. From 
 Atlanta, by Atlanta and West Point and Montgom- 
 ery and West Point roads, by West Point, to 
 
 Montgomery, capital of Alabama, and for a time 
 ; the seat of the Confederate Government, before re- 
 moval to Eichmond. It lies on the Alabama river, 
 has a commanding site, a Capitol worthy of atten- 
 tion, and many other good buildings, though having 
 
192 
 
 SEOBT-TRIP GUIDE, 
 
 several times suffered severely by fire. Prominent 
 Hotels : the Central and Exchange, From Mont- 
 gomery south-westward, by Mobile and Montgomery 
 road, by Pollard (Junction ; railway connection to 
 Pensacola, handsome town on Pensacola Bay, near 
 the Gulf of Mexico, with fine harbor, U. S. Naval 
 Station, etc.^ — leading Hotels : Bedell, Winter and 
 SL Mary's Hall)*, to 
 
 Mobile, on the Bay of the same name, branch of 
 the Gulf of Mexico, It is the most important sea- 
 port of Alabama, and, in spite of bad navigation, the 
 second of the great cotton ports of the Gulf. It 
 has few public buildings of interest, but fine water- 
 views, extensive fortifications, and a romantic his- 
 toric interest as the scene of Parragut’s fearful “ pas- 
 sage of the Forts,” and lashing himself in the shrouds 
 of his vessel in the midst of their fire. [Communi- 
 cation by steamers and sailing vessels, to New Or- 
 leans, Galveston, and many other ports on the Gulf.] 
 Leading Hotel : the Battle House, From Mobile, by 
 Mobile and Texas road, to 
 
 New Orleans, largest city of the State of Loui- 
 siana, and first cotton port of the South, as well as 
 entrepot for products coming down the Mississippi 
 Biver, of which it lies at near the debouchure into 
 the Gulf of Mexico. New Orleans, familiarly called 
 the ‘'Crescent City,” from its shape on the river, 
 used also to be called the “Paris of America,” and 
 has not quite lost all the characteristics of gaietj 
 bestowing the name. It lies on land lower than the 
 
UTE m. lo.-^soum-WEsrEitJsr. 
 
 193 
 
 river, rendering necessary a great embankment, call- 
 ed the Levee, which also supplies both v/harves and 
 promenades, along which may be seen the most 
 marked features of the city. Among'the later nota- 
 ble events connected, were another “ passing of the 
 Forts,” below {Forls Jackson and St, Philip), by 
 Admiral Farragut, and the occupation of the city by 
 the somewhat-unpopular commandant, Gen. B. F. 
 Butler. Among the most important buildings are 
 the Custom House, Canal Street, one of the largest in 
 America ; the TJ. S. Branch Mint ; the City Hall ; 
 Odd Felloivs' Hall ; Masonic Roll ; Merchants' Ex- 
 change ; U, S. Marine Hospital, etc. It has many fine 
 churches, with the Eoman Catholic Cathedral of SL 
 Louis the most prominent ; and of its public grounds 
 the most notable are the New City Park, Lafayette 
 Square, Jackson Square, etc.. Most attractive Ceme- 
 teries : Cypress Grove, Greenwood, and Monument 
 (soldier's). There are two Monuments of interest : 
 the Clay, on Canal Street, and the Jackson (unfin- 
 ished) on the Battle-field, below the city. One of 
 the most interesting features of New Orleans is to 
 be found in the Markets, which should be visited 
 early in the morning, not only to observe the im- 
 mense variety of articles on sale, but the negro, half- 
 Spanish and half-French characters of dealers and 
 customers. Principal Theatres : the Opera House, 
 St. Charles; Varieties and Academy of Music. Prom- 
 inent Hotels: the St. Charles, St. Louis, St. James, 
 and City. Excursions may be made to the Battle- 
 
194 
 
 SHOBT-TRIP GUIDE, 
 
 field, scene of Gen. Jackson’s victory over Sir Ed- 
 mund Pakenham, Jan. 8th, 1815, four or five miles 
 below the city ; to the TJ. S, Barrachs, a little above ; 
 to Lake Poncharlrain, above the city (famous for fish- 
 ing and shooting, in the season); to the Delta and 
 the 3Iouths of the Mississippi, some twenty-five miles 
 below. 
 
 [New Orleans has regular communication, by 
 steamer, to New Yoke ; to Havana (Cuba) ; to GaU 
 veston (Texas) ; and nearly all important Gulf ports. 
 Also by steamer up the Mississippi, to Memphis, 
 Cairo, St. Louis, and all important towns on that 
 river. Also by rail, by Jackson (Miss.) to Memphis ; 
 and thence to all towns and cities in the North, 
 North-east or North-west. 
 
 r 
 
ROUTE NO. n. -SOUTH-WESTERN {SKELETON.) 
 
 WASHINGTON OR RICHMOND, BY LYNCHBURG, 
 KNOXVILLE AND CHATTANOOGA, TO 
 MOBILE AND NEW ORLEANS. 
 
 Washington by rail, by Alexandria ; and by 
 Orange, Alexandria and Manassas road (by Manassas 
 Junction) to Charlottesville (Junction — connection 
 westward to Staunton, etc.) ; thence direct to Lynch- 
 burg. Or, Kichmond by South Side road to Burke- 
 ville (Junction — intersection with Richmond and 
 Danville road, southward) ; thence direct by Appo- 
 mattox, and other stations, to 
 
 Lynchburg, on the James River, and the James 
 River and Kanawha Canal — important tobacco-depot 
 and flourishing town. [Most convenient railway 
 point, from which to reach, by canal-packet or car- 
 riage, those great natural curiosities, the Natural 
 Bridge and the (Mountain) Peaks of Otter.'] From 
 Lynchburg, by Virginia and Tennessee road, by 
 BonsacPs [stage connection to Natural Bridge, 
 Lexington, &c.] ; Big Tunnel [passage of the Alle- 
 gheny Mountains ; horse-car connection to Alle- 
 gheny Springs] ; Bristol, and other stations, to 
 Knoxville, important town of the State of Ten- 
 nessee, on the Holston River, with the University of 
 
196 
 
 BEORT^TBIP GUIDE, 
 
 East Tennessee, many railway connections, and much 
 popularity as a place of residence. Knoxville to 
 Chattanooga, on the Tennessee river, near the 
 boundaries of Alabama and Georgia, and one of the 
 most important railway centres of the south-west ; 
 but additionally celebrated, since the war, for the 
 battles of Chiclcamauga and Lookout Mountain, 
 fought in the immediate neighborhood. In the 
 vicinity of the Lookout (easily visited from Chatta- 
 nooga,) is to be found scenery of equal grandeur and 
 loveliness. Hotel : the Crutchfield House. Chatta- 
 nooga, by the Alabama and Chattanooga road, by 
 Tuscaloosa and other important stations, to 
 Meridian, railway town of the State of Mississippi, 
 [with connections east to Montgomery, west to Jack- 
 son (capital of the State), north to Memphis, etc.] 
 From Meridian, by the Mobile and Ohio road, direct 
 to Mobile and New Orleans, as in Route No. 10. 
 
ROUTE No, Wi-SOUTHERN iSEMhSKELETON.) 
 
 BALTIMORE (bY WASHINGTON AND RICHMOND) TO 
 WELDON, WILMINGTON, CHARLESTON, 
 SAVANNAH, THE FLORIDA 
 RESORTS, ETC. 
 
 Leave Baltimore, by Baltimore and Obio, or Balti- 
 more and Potomac route (see Koute No. 9, p, 171, 
 &c.), to "Washingtoh (see p. 172). Prom Washing- 
 ton, by Baltimore and Potomac Railroad, and con- 
 nections, by Fredericksburg (see p. 185), Richmond 
 (see p. 186), Petersburg (see p. 189Z), to 
 
 Weldon, town of some importance, of North Caro- 
 lina. At Weldon, connection by the Seaboard and 
 Roanoke Railroad, to Norfolk and the steamboat 
 line on the Chesapeake Bay to Baltimore for Wash- 
 ington and the North. Also, at Weldon, connection 
 by the Wilmington and Weldon Railroad, to 
 
 Wilmington, chief commercial city of . the State of 
 North Carolina, and great naval store depot, on Cape 
 Pear River (see Route No. 10). Prom Wilmington 
 by Plorence to Columbia, capital of South Carolina, 
 by the Wilmington, Columbia and Augusta Railway 
 (see p. 191) ; and by brief connecting road, to Au- 
 gusta, Georgia (see p. 191.) Prom Augusta, brief 
 ride to AiJcen, celebrated health-resort of South Caro- 
 lina, enjoying remarkable freedom from cold winds 
 
1966 
 
 SHOBT-TRIP GUIBE. 
 
 of the Atlantic slope. From Augusta by the Cen- 
 tral Georgia Kailroad, to Savannah (see p. 190). Or, 
 with return from Augusta or Columbia to Florence, 
 rail on North-eastern Eailroad to Chaeleston (see p. 
 189^), and by the Savannah and Charleston Eailroad 
 to Savannah (see p. 190). 
 
 From Charleston, for Florida, by boat, every Fri- 
 day and Saturday evening, touching at Savannah. 
 Thence to Fernandina, Jacksonville, St. John s River 
 ports, and to Palatka. Or from Savannah by boat, 
 as in connection. 
 
 From Savannah (all rail), rail on the Atlantic and 
 Gulf, and Jacksonville, Pensacola and Mobile roads, 
 to Jacksonville. Branch rail, Jacksonville to Fer- 
 nandina. 
 
 For Tallahassee, St. Marks, and Apalachicola, rail 
 on Atlantic and Gulf road from Savannah ; or on 
 Jacksonville, Pensacola and Mobile road, from Jack- 
 sonville. 
 
 For Pensacola (and for Mobile), rail as for Talla- 
 hassee, &c. 
 
 For Cedar Keys, rail on Florida road, from Fer- 
 nandina, or from Jacksonville. 
 
 For St. Augustine, daily morning boat up the St. 
 John’s Piver from Jacksonville, landing at Tocoi— 
 thence St. John’s Eailroad, about one hour. The 
 same steamer, from Jacksonville, for Mandarin, Hi- 
 hernia, Magnolia, Green Cove Springs,^ Picolata, and 
 Palatka; with smaller boats making trips further up 
 the river to Dunn’s Lake, Lake George, &c. 
 
ROUTE NO. 12 -WESTERN. 
 
 NEW YORK TO PHILA.DELPHIA, HARRISBURG, 
 PITTSBURG, CINCINNATI, ST. LOUIS, CHICAGO, 
 ETC., BY PENNSYLVANIA RAILROAD 
 AND CONNECTIONS. 
 
 Division A. 
 
 NEW YORK TO PHILADELPHIA, OR MANTUA 
 
 JUNCTION. 
 
 Leave New York (as by Eoute No. 8) by the Penn- 
 sylvania road, by Jersey City, Newark, Elizabeth, Rah- 
 way, New Brunswick, Trenton, etc., to Philadelphia, 
 if for stop at that city ; if for through passage to 
 the West, without stop at Philadelphia, New York 
 by the same towns to Mantua Junction, where close 
 through-connection is made. 
 
 Division B. 
 
 PHILADELPHIA, OR MANTUA JUNCTION, TO AND 
 AT HARRISBURG. 
 
 Leave Philadelphia (West Philadelphia), or Man- 
 tua Junction, if without stop at Philadelphia, by 
 rail, by the Pennsylvania Eailroad ; by Downing- 
 ton [connection northward for Wayneshurg'] ; by 
 Coatesville [connection northward for Reading, south- 
 ward for Wilmington'], etc. ; to 
 
 Lancaster^ pleasantly situated on the Conestoga 
 Creek, in a fine agrioultural section ; seat of Franklin 
 
198 
 
 snOBT-TBIP GUIDE, 
 
 and Marshall College ; with Court House and other 
 creditable buildings, and interesting series of Canal 
 Locks in the neighborhood, at mouth of the creek. 
 Was for some years, at beginning of the century, the 
 seat of government of Pennsylvania. Leading Ho- 
 tels : the City, and Michael’s. Lancaster, by Branch 
 Intersection [connection northvrard to Beading, 
 southward for Colambiu, York, etc.], Mt. Joy and 
 Middletown, to 
 
 HAEKisBXJna, capital of the State of Pennsylvania, 
 on the east bank of the Susquehanna river (origi- 
 nally '^Harris’ Ferry’' over that river). The most 
 notable building is the Capitol, on high ground, 
 with fine view from the dome, with State Library, 
 Legislative Chambers, etc. Also should be visited, 
 the Court House ; the Old Harris Mansion ; and 
 some of the extensive Iron and Steel Works in the 
 vicinity ; as well the Susquehanna river and some 
 of the bridges spanning it- — one of them very old, 
 and showing a remarkably high arch. Principal 
 street ; Front Street. Principal Public Ground ; 
 Harris Park. Prominent Hotels ; the Lochiel, 
 Jones House, and Bolton's. [Important railway con- 
 nections from Harrisburg : by Lebanon Valley road, 
 east to Lebanon and Beading ; by Northern Central 
 road, southeast to Baltimore, etc. : by the same 
 road northward to Elmira and the Erie Eailway and 
 its connections : by Cumberland Valley road, south- 
 westward for Carlisle, Chambershurg^ etc. ; by Phila- 
 delphia and Erie road, northwestward for Williams- 
 port^ Corry, Erie and Oil Eegions.] 
 
noXTTE NO. 1^^.— WESTERN. 
 
 199 
 
 Division C. 
 
 nAERlSBURa TO AND AT PITTSBURG, WitEELIN'O, ETC. 
 
 From Harrisburg, continuing by Pennsylvania 
 Central road ; by Lewistoivn [connection northward 
 for Milroy^ northeastward for S unbury, etc.] ; by 
 Tyrone [connection northeastward to Loch Haven 
 and the Philadelphia and Erie road, northwest to 
 Clearfield, etc.] ; by Huntington, etc., to 
 
 Altoona, at the commencement of the ascent of 
 the Allegheny Mountains ; great locomotive-shop 
 of the Pennsylvania Central Company ; and sur- 
 rounded by magnificent mountain-scenery, making 
 a sojourn very pleasant in summer. Hotel : the 
 Logan Rouse. [Spur southward to Martinsburg, 
 and stage thence to Bedford Springs.'] Prom Al- 
 toona should be made, by daylight, to enjoy the fine 
 scenery, the 
 
 Baihvay ascent of the Alleghenies, with features 
 quite as grand as most of the Alpine rail-routes, 
 and double • power necessary in drawing up the 
 trains. An immense nearly .three-quarters 
 
 of a mile in length, is passed through before reach- 
 ing the summit, at 
 
 i Ckesson (Cresson Springs), a popular summer- 
 resort, on account of its elevation and healthful 
 jair. Hotel : the Mountain House. [Spur north- 
 ward to Ebensburg.'] From Cresson the descent of the 
 Alleghenies is made, without the use of steam, the 
 ' speed being regulated by br^ke-power ; to Gonemaugh 
 \ hLation; and to Johnstown, with the extensive Cam- 
 
200 
 
 BHOBT-TBIP GUIDE. 
 
 bria IronWorks in the neighborhood, and heavy man- 
 ufactures. Hotel : the Scott House. From Johns- 
 town, by Blairsville [connection northward for In- 
 diana, northwestward to Freeport and points on Al- 
 legheny Valley road] ; by Oreensburg, etc., to 
 
 PiTTSBUKG, at the confluence of the Allegheny 
 and Monongahela rivers (forming the commence- 
 ment of the Ohio) ; and on the spot once occupied 
 by old Fort Duquesne ; with Braddock’s Field, of 
 the French war, in the near vicinity. Very exten- 
 sive manufactures are carried on, in Pittsburg, in 
 Allegheny City (across the Allegheny, and connected 
 by fine bridges), in Birmingham (similarly situated 
 across the Monongahela, with bridges), Lawrence- 
 ville, and other suburbs — in iron, glass, steel, brass, 
 wooden-ware, and many other industries. It is also 
 a great coal and oil centre, and has the smokiest 
 atmosphere in America. 
 
 In addition to the Manufactories and the exten- 
 sive Railway Buildings, other objects of interest 
 will be found in the Levee (wharves) on the Monon- 
 gahela; the Ohio and Mississippi boats loading there, 
 with many peculiarities for the stranger ; the In- 
 clined Railway up Mount Washington, across the 
 Monongahela, whence a fine view of the city may 
 be commanded, etc. Among prominent public 
 and other buildings will be noticed the Roman 
 Catholic Cathedral ; Presbyterian and Baptist 
 Churches ; Court House ; Custom House ; (with 
 Post Office) ; new City Hall ; Mercantile Library 
 Hall^ etc. ; and in Allegheny City, the Theological 
 
nOUTE NO. Vi.--WE8TEBN. 
 
 201 
 
 Seminaries, Western Penitentiary, etc., and more 
 elegant residences of the citizens. There are no 
 less than four Cemeteries : the Allegheny ; St. 
 Mary's; Hilldale ; and Mt. Union. Leading Ho- 
 tels : the Monongahela,' Union, St. Charles, and 
 Merchants'. 
 
 (Railway connections from Pittsburg are very 
 general. Northward, by the Allegheny Valley road, 
 to Venango, Oil City, and the Oil Regions generally ; 
 eastward by route just traversed ; westward, to places 
 named, by the Pittsburg, Cincinnati and St. Louis 
 and Pittsburg, Port Wayne and Chicago roads ; 
 northwestward to Cleveland, by Cleveland and Pitts- 
 burg road ; and to Erie by the Erie and Pittsburg 
 road ; southeastward to Cumberland, Harper's Ferry, 
 etc., by the Pittsburg and Baltimore and Washing- 
 ton road. There is also steamboat communication, 
 down the Ohio river to Wheeling and thence to 
 Oincinnaii, during the open season.] 
 
 Prom Pittsburg, by Cleveland and Pittsburg 
 road, a visit may be paid to 
 
 AVheelino, West Virginia, a large and important 
 town, lying at a debouchure of Wheeling Creek 
 into the Ohio River — with manufactures of the same 
 character as those of Pittsburg, only second to them 
 in extent. Apart from its Manufactures, the two 
 greatest points of interest are the Wire Suspension 
 Bridge of the National Road, with 1,000 feet of span ; 
 and the new and splendid Bailway Bridge. Oil and 
 coal trade also immense, as at Pittsburg. [Railway 
 i connection southeastward by the Baltimore and Ohio 
 
203 
 
 SHOBT^TEIP QTIIBE, 
 
 road to Harpers Ferry, Baltimore and Washington 
 eastward to Pittsburg and nortiiwestward to Cleve- 
 land and Lake Erie, by the Cleveland and Pittsburg 
 road. Or, by Baltimore and Ohio road, from 
 Wheeling by Belle Air ; and Zanesville, thriving 
 and handsome town on the Muskingum Kiver, 
 with immense water-power and fine railroad-bridge 
 — [connection south west ward, by Cincinnati and 
 Muskingum Valley road,, to Cincinnati): to NeivarJc, 
 Columbus, etc. Steamboat communication to Pitts- 
 burg, and down the Ohio to Cincinnati during the 
 open season. Hempfield railway will connect di- 
 rectly to Pittsburg when completed.] 
 
 Division D. 
 
 PITTSBURG TO ANJL) AT COLUMBUS, OHIO. 
 
 From Pittsburg, by rail, on the Pittsburg, Cin- 
 cinnati and St. Louis road (or from Wheeling by 
 rail to same point) ; by 
 
 Steubenville, pleasant village on the Ohio river, 
 county seat of Jefferson County, with many manu- 
 factures and: fine scenery?’ in the neighborhood ; by 
 Mingo Junction [connection northwestward to Cleve- 
 land, eastward to Bochester, etc.] ; by Dennison, 
 Coshocton, Dresden Junction [connection south 
 to Zanesville, etc.] ; to 
 
 Newark, handsome and thriving town on the 
 Licking river, withi extensive railway connections : 
 roads to Sandusky and Lake Erie, to Zanesville and* 
 the south, intersecting. From Newark to 
 
 Columbus, on the Scioto Kiver, capital of the 
 
HOVTE m 1%-WBSTEm. 
 
 state of Ohio, and one of the most important towns 
 the State. It is beautifally laid out and very 
 handsomely shaded ; Eroadimjf, its main street, 
 being considered unsurpassed. The Capiiol, on the 
 elegant public ground, Capitol Square, has fine 
 <5hambers, good sculptures and pictures ,• and 
 there are, of other public buildings of interest, 
 the City Hall ; TJ. 8. Arsenal, with fine high 
 grounds ; State Penitentiary ; Genital Ohio Lunatic 
 Asylum (building-, in place of that burned in 1868) ; 
 Blind and Deaf and Dumb Asylums ; Starling 
 Medical College; St. Marys Female Seminary, etc. 
 Also worthy of attention are the Holly Walet' 
 Works, with steam raising-power. Other Public 
 Grounds than the one already named, and the fine 
 ones surrounding most of the public buildings : the 
 and Goodale Parks, and those of ihie Franlclin 
 Agricultural Society. Most popular Cemetery : 
 Green Lawn. Theatre : the Opera House. Hotel : 
 the Hell House. [Railway connections extensive : 
 eastward by the route just traversed ; northward by 
 the Cleveland, Columbus, Cincinnati, and Indian- 
 apolis I’oad, to Toledo, G<eceland, etc. ; south-west- 
 ward io Cincinnati (as see route following) ; south- 
 eastward to Atliens and the Baltimore and Ohio 
 road, etc.] 
 
 Division E. 
 
 COLUMBUS TO AND AT CiNCm^TATL 
 
 Prom Columbus, by the Little Miami road ; by 
 London ; by Xenia^ very handsome town, with 
 
204 
 
 SnOBT-TBIP GUIDE. 
 
 •water-power and manufactures on the Little 
 Miami river [connection westward for Dayton and 
 Richmond]; by Morrow, [connection east with the 
 Cincinnati and Muskingum Yalley road] ; by Love- 
 land, [connection east by the Marietta and Cincin- 
 nati road, for Marietta, and the Baltimore and Ohio 
 road] ; to 
 
 Cincinnati, on the Ohio river, called the “Queen 
 City,” principally built upon two terraces sloping 
 back from the river ; while opposite it, and divided 
 from it by the Ohio river, are the large towns 
 of Newport and Covington, in the State of Ken- 
 tucky ; with Newport Barracks, important U. S. 
 military station, on the river bank, near the former. 
 Cincinnati has also heavy commerce and important 
 manufactures. 
 
 Among the public buildings of prominence are 
 the Custom House (with Post Office attached), on 
 Fourth Street ; the City Hall (with neat grounds), 
 Plum Street ; the Court House, Main Street ; Cin- 
 cinnati College, Walnut Street ; St. Xavier's College 
 (Catholic), Sycamore Street ; Convent of Notre Dame, 
 Sixth Street ; House of Refuge, north of the city ; 
 City Workhouse, near the latter ; Cincinnati Hos- 
 pital, Twelfth Street ; etc. Principal Churches : 
 St. John's (Epis.) ; St. Paul's (Meth. Epis.) ; First 
 Baptist ; St. Peter's Cathedral (Catholic) ; First 
 Presbyterian, etc., though with many others credit- 
 able. Places of Amusement : the National and 
 Wood's Theatres ; Pike's Music Hall ; Melodeon ; 
 Gymnasium \ Queen City Skating Rink, etc. Prom* 
 
EOJITE m, \2.^WESTEBN. 
 
 205 
 
 inent Hotels : the Burnet, Spencer, Gibson, SL James, 
 Carlisle, eta 
 
 Public Grounds : Eden Parle, east of the city, 
 elevated and with view. Fountain Square, with 
 magnificent bronze fountain lately presented by Mr. 
 Henry Probasco ; City, Lincoln, Washington, and 
 Hopkins Parks. Cemeteries : Spring Grove, one of 
 the handsomest in the West, northwest of the city, 
 with s]Dlendid avenues of approach, and a fine sol- 
 diers’ monument ; St. Bernard, Wesleyan, and others 
 minor. Other Objects of Interest : the great Sus- 
 pension Bridge over the Ohio, with longest span in 
 the world ; the Licking Bridge, also a suspension, 
 and only less remarkable in length ; the Bailroad 
 Bridge (new) ; remains of entrenchments thrown up 
 during the Confederate siege ” ; the Levee, along 
 the river, with steamboat-landings and a very fine 
 idea of the industry of the city ; steamboat-building- 
 yards ; and many of the very extensive Manufac- 
 tories, with diversified products. 
 
 [Railway connections: eastward, by route just trav- 
 ersed — also, by Marietta and Cincinnati, and Chesa- 
 peake and Ohio roads to Richmond, etc. : north- 
 eastward, by the Little Miami and other roads, to 
 Cleveland, Sandusky, etc. ; northward, by Cincinnati, 
 Hamilton and Dayton road, to Toledo; northwest- 
 ward, by same road and connections, to' Chicago ; 
 westward, by Ohio and Mississippi road, by Vin- 
 cennes to St. Louis and the Mississippi river. 
 
 Also, steamboat transit on the Ohio river, to all 
 points on that stream, to Cairo and the Mississippi] 
 

 SnOET-TEIP GUIDE. 
 
 Division F, 
 
 PITTSBURG TO AND AT ST. LOUIS. 
 
 Pittsburg to Columbus and Cincinnati, as by 
 route preceding.- 
 
 Leave Cincinnati by tbe Indianapolis, Cincinnati 
 and Lafayette road,- by Delhi, North Bend, Valley’ 
 Junction [connection with White Water Yalley 
 Eailroad], Laivrenceburg, [connection with Ohio and 
 Mississippi road,, for Yincennes^ etc.,] Morris-,, 
 Greensbury, Sheltyville^ [connection with Jefferson- 
 ville road, south for Louisville, etc.,] to 
 
 Ikdianapolis, capital and largest town of the. 
 State of Indiana, lying on the White river; in a very 
 fertile plain, with heavy manufactures, and sup- 
 plying one of the most noted railroad centres of the 
 West. It is also celebrated for its school system; 
 has an imposing but old State House, on Washing- 
 ton Street; State Lunatic Asylum, Institute for the 
 Blind, United States Arsenal, Northwestern Chris-^ 
 tian Universilyy a very large Union Depot, an Acad-- 
 emy of AIusu, etc. Prominent Hotels : Bates House 
 and Mason House. [Railway connections, as before 
 indicated, universal] 
 
 From Indianapolis, by the St. Louis, Yandalia 
 and Terre Plaute road, by Greencastle, to 
 
 Terre. Haute, very handsome town on Harrison 
 Prairie and the Wabash river, and also on the 
 Wabash and Erie Canal, and with extensive railway 
 connections. It is degantly shaded,, has many noble 
 
ROUTE NO, 1^.— WESTERN 
 
 205& 
 
 i^^sidences, St Mary^s Seminary (Catholic), the Stale 
 Normal School, and a handsome Opera House. It is 
 also largely engaged in manufactures, forging, etc. 
 Hotel : the Terre Haute House (with a wonderful 
 echo near it, excelling any other known in the world 
 in the number of repetitions.) 
 
 Terre Haute by Marshall and Greenup, to Effing- 
 ham [connections north to Chicago, south to Gairo^ 
 etc., by branch of the Illinois Central road] ; to 
 
 Vandalia, on the Kaskaskia river, thriving town 
 and once capital of the State of Indiana. [Connec- 
 tions north to Bloomington and Chicago, south to 
 Cairo, etc., by main line of the Illinois Central road.] 
 Vandalia, by Greenville, Highland^ etc., to East St. 
 Louis, and 
 
 St. Louis. [See page 221.] 
 
 Division G. 
 
 PITTSBURGH BY FORT WAYNE TO CHICAGO. 
 
 [See Koute 13 — pages 209 to 211 ; also same route, 
 pages 212 to 216, for 
 
 Chicago.] 
 
ROUTE NO. 13 --WESTERN. 
 
 N’EW YORK TO EASTON (PA.), HARRISBURO, PITTS- 
 BURG, FORT WAYNE AND CHICAGO ; BY THE 
 ALLENTOWN ROUTE. 
 
 Division A. 
 
 NEW YORK TO EASTON, HARRISBURG AND PITTS- 
 BURG. 
 
 Leave New York, by boats of New Jersey Central 
 Railroad, from foot of Liberty Street to Gommuni- 
 paw (lower Jersey City) ; thence by the cars of that 
 road, by Bergen Point, and over Long Bridge across 
 Newark Bay ; to Elizahethport (station — at the left 
 the town and great coal depot of that name) ; and to 
 Elizabeth [intersection with New Jersey road, east- 
 ward to New Yoke, and westward to Philadelphia : 
 See Route No. 8, New York to Philadelphia], Eliza- 
 beth, by other stations, to 
 
 Plainfield, pleasant village and favorite summer- 
 residence, lying at near the foot of the Orange 
 Mountains, a minor spur of the Blue Ridge, and 
 with a remarkable eminence at a short distance to 
 the north, called ‘^Washington’s Rock,” from w^hich 
 that general is said sometimes to have watched the 
 movements of the British forces. By Bound-Brooh, 
 on the Raritan River, and at the opening of the Valley 
 of the same name, to 
 
BOUTE NO, lS,--WESTEEJSr. 
 
 207 
 
 Somerville, county seat of Somerset County, 
 very handsomely situated, witii fine quiet scenery 
 in the neighborhood, some copper and iron mines, 
 and much general prosperity. [Connection by 
 South Branch Eoad to Flemington and Lamberiville.'] 
 By other stations to the 
 
 High Bridge^ (or rather very long and high 
 banJcment) over the South Branch of the Karitan 
 Kiver, with fine view in crossing, and large Iron- 
 Works in the neighborhood, for railroad-founding. 
 Very soon is reached 
 
 Hampton Junction [connection with the Delaware, 
 Lackawanna and Western Eailway, for the Delaware 
 Water Gap, Scranton, the Coal Eegions of Pennsyl- 
 vania, and the Erie road at Binghampton.] By 
 Bloomsbury and other stations, to 
 
 Philipsburo, on the New Jersey side of the Dela- 
 ware, with heavy iron-manufactures, and three 
 bridges connectiug it with Easton, on the opposite 
 side of the river. Also with important railway con- 
 nections, for Central New Jersey, Philadelphia, and 
 northward to the Delaware Water Gap and the 
 Coal Eegions. Crossing the river by bridge, the 
 train reaches 
 
 Easton, Pennsylvania, on the western bank of 
 the Delaware, at the double junction of the Lehigh 
 and the Bushkill, and one of the most important of 
 the coal and railway centres of the two adjoining 
 States, with extensive mills, distilleries and general 
 manufactures. It is also the seat (on an eminence 
 
208 
 
 SHORT TEIP GUIDE. 
 
 known as Monnfc Lafayette, at the east of the town) 
 of Lafayette College, a flourishing and well-endowed 
 institution, rapidly growing in influence. [Exten- 
 sive railroad connection, apart from the line of route 
 being traversed ; as in addition to that mentioned by 
 both the New Jersey Central and the Delaware and 
 Lackawanna to New York, it has also connection 
 northward to the Water Gap and the Coal Kegions ; 
 southward to Philadelphia ; the Lehigh Valley 
 road northward to Pittston ; the Lehigh Canal in 
 the same direction ; and the Morris Canal through 
 the State of New Jersey to Raritan Bay.] 
 
 Leave Easton by Lehigh Valley road ; by Bethle- 
 hem:, pleasant town on the Lehigh river ; seat of 
 Lehigh University ; and long celebrated as the prin- 
 cipal abode of the Moravians, or United Brethren, 
 in the United States. [Connection southward with 
 North Pennsylvania road for Philadelphia, and 
 northward for Scranton and the Coal Regions.] 
 From Bethlehem, by E. Penn. Junction [connec- 
 tion with East Pennsylvania road] ; to 
 
 Allentown, handsome town on high ground 
 near the Lehigh river, with large iron and other 
 manufactures, and much charm as a residence. 
 Has Big Rock and several popular mineral springs 
 in the neighborhood. Hotel: the American. [Con- 
 nections, northward by the Lehigh Valley road to 
 the Coal Regions and the Erie road ; westward by 
 present route to Reading, etc.] 
 
 Allentown, by East Pennsylvania road, to 
 
ROUTE NO. Id.— WESTERN 
 
 200 ) 
 
 Eeading, large and important manufacturing 
 town Qii the Schuylkill river, especially notable for 
 mills, iron-furnaces and railroad work. It has a 
 high and handsome sloping location, with a consid- 
 erable eminence, Penns Maunt, near, command- 
 ing fine view. It has a noble Court House ; two or 
 three Glimxhes of especial beauty ; and Mineral 
 Springs in the neighborhood, with hotels of popu- 
 lar resort. Leading Hotel (in the town), the Man- 
 sion House. [Connection, northward, to Cataiuissa 
 and Hazleton (Coal Regions), and southeast to Phil- 
 adelphia by the Philadelphia and Eeading road.], 
 Eeading to 
 
 Lebanon, on the Swatara Creek,, county seat of 
 Lebanon County, and a prosperous town, with the 
 most immense (Cornwall) Iron Ore Beds in the 
 neighborhood, known to exist in the world ; also 
 Copper Ore in large quantities, and Marble. From 
 Lebanon to 
 
 Harrisburg. (For notes on Harrisburg, see pre- 
 vious Route, No. 12.) 
 
 [Harrisburg to Pittsburg, as by Route No. 12,, 
 preceding ; whether for Chicago, Cincinnati, or SL 
 iouis.'] 
 
 Division B. 
 
 PITTSBURG TO FORT WAYNE AND CHICAGO. 
 
 [At Pittsburg, previous route, No. 12, may be 
 pursued, from that point to Columbus and Cincm- 
 nati, with extension to SL Louis; or other lines 
 
210 ' 
 
 SHORT^TRIP GUIDE, 
 
 pursued (see that route) northward to the Lakes, 
 southward to the Baltimore and Ohio road, etc.] 
 Leaving Pittsburg, for Chicago or places on that 
 line, by Pittsburg, Fort Wayne and Chicago road ; 
 by Rochester (small town on the Beaver Creek — with 
 connection south westward, by Cleveland and Pitts- 
 burg road, to Wheeling and West) ; by Homewood 
 [connection northward for Newcastle, etc.] ; by Lee- 
 tonia [connection southward to New Lisbon, etc.] ; 
 by Salem, very handsome small town, with fine sub- 
 urbs, and manufactures ; to 
 
 Alliance, important station [connection north- 
 ward, by Cleveland and Pittsburg road, to Cleveland ; 
 southward to Steubenville, etc.] From Alliance, by 
 Canton and Massillon, handsome manufacturing 
 towns ; by Orrville [connection northward to Akron 
 and Cleveland~] ; by Mansfield, another handsome 
 manufacturing town [connections northward to San- 
 dusky, southward to Zanesville, southwestward to 
 Dayton, Hamilton and Cincinnati] ; to 
 
 Crestline, another important railway town. [Con- 
 nections southward by the Cleveland, Columbus, 
 Cincinnati and Indianapolis road, to Columbus ; 
 northward by the Sandusky road to Sandusky ; 
 northeastward to Cleveland by the Cleveland, Co- 
 lumbus, Cincinnati and Indianapolis road ; north- 
 westward to Toledo and Detroit by same road and 
 connections]. From Crestline, by Bucyrus, thriving 
 village on the Sandusky Eiver ; by Forest [connec- 
 tions north to Cleveland south to ; by 
 
ROUTE NO. 1^.--WESTEBN. 
 
 211 
 
 Lima, manufacturing village on the Ottawa river 
 [connections southward by Cincinnati, Hamilton 
 and Dayton road, to Dayton and Cincinnati ; north- 
 ward by the same road to Toledo and Detroit] ; by 
 minor stations, to 
 
 Foet Wayne, Indiana, on the Maumee river — 
 called the ‘‘Summit City;” because it lies at the 
 highest point of the water-shed. It is passed 
 through by the Wabash and Erie Canal, and is an, 
 important railway centre as well as a manufacturing 
 town of promise. [Connections : northeastward to 
 Toledo, Lake Erie and Detroit, by Toledo, Wabash 
 and Western road; westward by the same road and 
 connections, to Logansport, and thence to Peoria 
 and towns of Central Illinois ; northward to the 
 Michigan Southern road, at Waterloo, etc.] From 
 Fort Wayne, by Columbia: by Warsa/w ; by Ply- 
 mouth [connection southward to Indianapolis, 
 capital of the State, by Indianapolis, Peru and Chi- 
 cago road] ; by Wanatah [connection southward by 
 the Louisville and New Albany road, to Lafayette 
 and to Louisville, Ky.] ; by Valparaiso, to that 
 city which has famished, both in fortune and mis- 
 fortune, the best possible type of American capaci- 
 ties in either direction, and which has been, and 
 m\\ continue to be, quite as often in men’s mouths 
 any other on the Western Continent—. 
 
^13 
 
 EHOBT^TRIP GUIDE. 
 
 Ohioago, Illinois, 
 
 Division G. 
 
 CHICAOO AS IT WAS, HAS BEEN, AND IS. 
 
 The history of the world furnishes no parallel to 
 the change between the three conditions above 
 named, in connection with the Giant of the West ’’ 
 city of Chicago, an exaggerated type of the whole 
 continent, in the was,” the has beeii” and the is.’* 
 
 Up to the fall of the eventful year, 1871, Chi- 
 cago stood, as it had been for thirty or forty years 
 growing up to be, the actual Queen City of the 
 West, one of the most important of the Union, and 
 the greatest grain mart and depot of the world, as 
 well as one of the most important railroad centres 
 of the entire continent. It lay pn the western shore 
 of Lake Michigan, at near the southern boundary of 
 that Lake, at the entrance of the Chicago river into 
 it. It had its first white settlement in 1804, by Col. 
 John Kini^ie ; and so late as 1830 contained only 
 15 houses. It was incorporated as a city, seven 
 years later, in 1837 — the population at that time 
 being 4,170. In 1843 this had increased to 7,580 ; 
 in 1847 to 16,859 ; in 1850 to 23,269 ; in 1855 
 to 80,023 ; in 1860 to 109,263 ; in 1865 to 178,539 ; 
 and in 1870 to the round figures of 300,000, while 
 the suburban population was supposed to raise it to 
 350,000. 
 
 The site of the city was admirably chosen, on 
 ground sloping up from the Lake, and with the 
 
ROUTE KO. l^.-^WESTERW. 
 
 213 
 
 Cbicaga River, dividing into two branches, running 
 through the entire city, at once adding to commer- 
 cial convenience and healthfulness. Numerous 
 costly bridges and many tunnels made the con- 
 nection across the rivers. The city was divided into 
 20 wards, with nearly 800 streets. The river and 
 the ship canals afforded many miles of excellent 
 harbor, to which came vessels from all parts of the 
 great lakes, with and for produce of every description. 
 The grain warehouses were of such extent as to ac- 
 commodate 8,000,000 to 10,000,000 bushels ; while 
 the yearly exportation had reached to about 60,000,- 
 000 to 65,000,000 bushels. It had also a most exten- 
 sive trade in cattle and stock, the whole yearly num- 
 ber handled, reaching 2,500,000 ; besides provisions, 
 lumber, and transportation trade to immense 
 amounts. Within the last year or two, on the com- 
 pletion of the Pacific Railway, Chicago had com- 
 menced to import her teas and silks direct from In- 
 dia, and was arranging a heavy trade in that direc- 
 tion. There were several of the largest and finest 
 railway-depots on the continent, to accommodate its 
 immense connection as the very largest of the rail- 
 way-centres. It had streets among the most ele- 
 gant in the West, in Michigan, Wabash and other 
 avenues : and many of the houses of residents were 
 princely in their luxury. There w^ere more than 
 200 Churches ; 12 or 15 of the largest and finest 
 
 of Hotels, some of them marvels of size and cost ; an 
 Opera-House and 5 Theatres of goodi class ; an Uni- 
 
214 
 
 SEOBT-miP GUIDE. 
 
 versity ; Medical Colleges, splendid public Parks 
 and Cemeteries ; and a wilderness of scientific, 
 social and benevolent institutions, second to none 
 in the Western World. In addition to this, and f 
 feature unequalled elsewhere — a Tunnel had beer 
 constructed to a Tower two miles distant in thr 
 Lake, whence the water-supply of the city was de- 
 rived. 
 
 Such, hastily sketched, was the position of Chi- 
 cago on the 8th of October, 1871. On the night of 
 that day, a fire broke out at near the centre of 
 the city, though in an older and wooden- portion. 
 A fierce wind made vain all efforts for staying the 
 flames, which extended on every side, and event- 
 ually acquired such force that buildings considered 
 fire-proof could not resist the heat five minutes 
 when attacked. By the morning of the 10th the 
 city was literally destroyed — the whole central and 
 business part of it entirely so. Some 10,000 build- 
 ings were burned ; 500 to 1,000 persons are sup- 
 posed to have lost their lives ; 50,000 to 75,000 per- 
 sons were rendered houseless ; and the pecuniary 
 loss was estimated to have reached $200,000,000. • 
 Chicago, the Queen of the West, was no more — for 
 the time. 
 
 A most gratifying spectacle of general benevo- 
 lence, however, was exhibited, in connection with 
 this great calamity, not only in all the cities of 
 America, but in those of England and of all Europe ; 
 and the extremity of suffering at once materially 
 
ROUTE NO. n.— WESTERN 
 
 215 
 
 relieved by contributions from all quarters, which 
 not only smoothed the then painful present, but 
 gave opportunity and hope for the future. Kebuild- 
 ing was at once commenced with marvellous 
 energy; and so rapidly was it continued, that within 
 a year from the great catastrophe, more than two- 
 thirds of the marks of the visitation were obliterated, 
 public and private erections of more than the 
 original splendor taking the places of those des- 
 troyed, and the fact being made certain that within 
 two years from the fatal 8th of October not a mark 
 of the calamity would be visible, except in the 
 absence of the trees and shrubbery impossible to be 
 replaced within a limited period. 
 
 It may even now be said, indeed, that Chicago, 
 as a city, has entirely recovered from the shock 
 temporarily prostrating it, spite of a second destruc- 
 tive fire in 1874, — supplying quite its previous 
 charm to the visitor, while an exceptional interest 
 is found in the virtual death and marvellous resur- 
 rection of the place of such varied fortunes. 
 
 Among the objects of greatest interest in what 
 the proud citizens call the ‘‘ New Chicago,” may be 
 named the large and beautiful 
 
 Lincoln Park, lying on the Lake Shore, north of 
 the city, with charming drives along the Lake, a 
 Zoological Garden, a Lake, Fountains, fine shade, 
 and all the attractions for the corso and the prome- 
 nade ; 
 
 Union Parky in the West Division, older than 
 Lincoln and more completely finished, with Lakes, 
 
f^nORT-miP GUIDE, 
 
 Fountains, Zoological collection, pagodas, a music- 
 payilion, and great popularity as a place of promen- 
 ade and for the open-air concerts given every even- 
 ing during the summer. There are also, of public 
 grounds, Lake Park, only partially improved, but 
 with wonderful location, running down tl^e Lake 
 Shore, south of the city, to Hyde Park and Hyde 
 Park House, favorite driving and bathing resort, 
 at the southern extremity ; the South and West Side 
 Parks, one day to be very extensive and beautiful ; 
 Dearhorn, Jefferson, and other minor parks ; and 
 Dexter Trotting Park, in connection with the great 
 Stock Yards, at the west of the city. Principal 
 Cemeteries, Graceland, Rose Hill, Calvary and Oak- 
 woods, and the old Catholic, on the Lake Shore, 
 near Lincoln Park, with interesting marks of the 
 Great Fire. Among other leading objects of interest 
 are the 
 
 Great Stock Yards, lying at some distance west 
 of the city, and among the most extensive and com- 
 modious in the world, with Hotel, Bank, Telegraph- 
 offices, and all other facilities (Dexter Park in con- 
 nection) ; the 
 
 Water Works, with their extensive and ingenious 
 Lake connection, unparalleled on the continent ; 
 the many Bridges, and the costly Tunnels for their 
 avoidance ; the Chicago River, its port, and Lake 
 shipping ; the great 
 
 Grain Warehouses and Elevators, capable of con- 
 taining and handling more grain than those of 
 other city on the globe ; the very large and fine 
 
.ROUTE NO. 1Z.--WESTEIIN. 
 
 
 Eailway Depots, of tlie many and extensive roads 
 finding their centres or termini here ; the McCor- 
 mick Eeaper Factory, largest in the world (Blue 
 Island and Western avenues) ; Bridge Building 
 Works of the American Company (Egan avenue); 
 Union and other Foundries, Wagon Factories, &c. ; 
 and many magnificent 
 
 Mercantile Buildings, Banking Houses, &c., in 
 which detail the rebuilt city far excels even its am- 
 bitious predecessor, and rivals all others. The most 
 notable among the new structures is the 
 
 Chamber of Commerce, corner of Washington and 
 La Salle Streets, considered one of the noblest and 
 most complete buildings of its class in the world. 
 Also may be mentioned the 
 
 Exhibition Building, an erection of size and taste, 
 standing on Michigan avenue and the Lake Shore, 
 used for frequent exhibitions and as a Rink in 
 winter. The Churches v/ere many of them des- 
 troyed, and are not as yefc generally rebuilt. 
 
 Of Streets, the most typical and best worthy of 
 observation, will be found Michigan and Wabash 
 avenues, State, Dearborn, Clark, La Salle, and Wells 
 streets, running parallel with the Lake Shore ; and 
 Jackson, Adams, Monroe, Madison, Washington, 
 Randolph and Lake streets, crossing them at right 
 angles, and extending across the city from the Lake. 
 
 Prominent Hotels (most of them built since the 
 fire and finished with lavish cost and great complete- 
 ness) : the Grand Pacific, Gardner, Potter Palmer, 
 
2IG5 
 
 SHOBT-miP GUIDE. 
 
 Brevoort, Tremont^ &c. Theatres : Me Vicker^s^ AiJeen^s^ 
 Hooley's, with a Grand Opera House, soon to be 
 erected. 
 
 [Among the widely-extended railway connections 
 of Chicago, are the following of most importance: 
 Northward to Milwaukie, thence to Green Bay, and 
 beyond, to the Lake Superior sections, by the Chi- 
 cago and Northwestern road and its connections ^ 
 north-westward to Madison (capital of Wisconsin), 
 Baraboo, Devil’s Lake, Eau Claire, and Hudson ; 
 and to St. Paul and the Falls of St. Anthony, by the 
 same road and its connections : westward to Clin- 
 ton and Cedar Bapids (Iowa), by the Iowa division of 
 the same road; south-westward to Burlington (Iowa), 
 and the Mississippi Kiver, by the Chicago, Burlington 
 and Quincy road : southward to St. Louis, by the 
 Chicago and Alton road; southward to Cairo (junc- 
 tion of the Ohio and Mississippi rivers), and to St. 
 Louis, by the Illinois Central road ; westward to 
 Omaha, and thence to Salt Lake City and San 
 Ebancisco, by the Chicago and Northwestern, 
 Chicago and Bock Island, and Chicago, Burlington 
 and Quincy routes ; south-eastward to Cincinnati, 
 by the Columbus, Chicago and Indiana Central 
 road ; eastward to Philadelphia and New Yobk 
 by the Pittsburg, Fort Wayne and Chicago road, — 
 as also by Toledo, Cleveland and the Lake Shore 
 road — as also (with all Canadian cities and connec- 
 tions) by Detroit and the Grand Trunk Kailway of 
 Canada. Also, steamers on the Lakes, to all impor- 
 tant points, in the season.] 
 
ROUTE NO. 14.~-WE STERN. 
 
 OINCINITATI TO LOUISVILLE (MAMMOTH CAVE), 
 
 NASHVILLE, CAIRO, ST. LOUIS AND CHICAGO. 
 
 Division A, 
 
 CINCINNATI TO LOUISVILLE, NASHVILLE AND ST. 
 
 LOUIS. 
 
 Leave Cineinnati by the Louisville, Cincinnati 
 and Lexington road (from Covington — opposite side 
 of the river) ; by Walton, Sparta, Lexington Junc- 
 tion [connection southward for Lexington and Ash- 
 land, old home of Henry Clay, near it ; and, by 
 stage from Eminenc-e, for Shelbyville] ; by Lagrange, 
 and Anchorage [connection with Shelby road], to 
 Louisville. (Or, steamer down the Ohio from Cincin- 
 nati, in the pleasant season). 
 
 Louisville, located on the Ohio river, at the 
 Falls and near the entrance of Bear-Grass Creek, is 
 the largest and most important city of Kentucky. 
 It is well located and shaded ; and the views of the 
 Falls, from various points of the city, are much ad- 
 mired. The most important trade of the city is in 
 tobacco, of which it is one of the central marts : 
 also extensively in flour, provisions, hemp, etc. The 
 most interesting public buildings are the City Hall, 
 
218 
 
 SEOBT-TBIP GUIDE, 
 
 Court House, Custom House (with Post-office), Uni- 
 versity Medical College, Masonic Temple, Blind 
 Asylum, the Cathedral, St. PauVs Church, etc. 
 Principal Theatre : the Louisville, Leading Hotels : 
 the Louisville, and National, Principal Cemetery : 
 Cave Hill, with many monuments of merit. At the 
 opposite side of the river is Jeffersonville, Indiana 
 [railway connection to Indianapolis]. 
 
 [It is from Louisville that detour may be most 
 conveniently made to visit the 
 
 Mammoth Cave of Kentucky, one of the most 
 extensive subterranean passages in the world, and 
 considered among the most interesting. Or, it may 
 be taken on the way from Louisville to Nashville, as 
 at present to be considered]. 
 
 Leave Louisville by the Louisville and Nashville 
 road, to Cave City, whence stage or carriage, 9 miles 
 to the Cave (or, steamer from Louisville, on the 
 Green Eiver, to within 1 mile of the Cave — thence 
 on foot). A Hotel, the Cave House, affords facilities 
 for stoppage, during the exploration, which may be 
 brief, but must, for any approach to thoroughness, 
 require days of interest and toil, always accompanied 
 by a guide, and with lights and means of relighting, 
 without either of which it is not safe to enter, Poi 
 particulars of the chambers, passages, and various 
 points of interest in this wonderful cave, which is 
 believed to extend eight or nine miles back from the 
 entrance, dependance may be made entirely upon 
 the capable and instructed guides, procurable at the 
 
ROUTE NO. U.— WESTERN 
 
 219 
 
 hotel or the entrance. , Three other Caves — the In- 
 dian, White's, and Diamond, may be found in the 
 vicinity: the two former with peculiarly handsome 
 stalactite and stalagmite formations, miniatures of 
 those in the great cave. 
 
 From Cave City (after return from the Cave) con- 
 tinue route by Louisville and Nashville road ; by 
 Bowling Green ; Memphis Junction [connection 
 southwest for Memphis and the Mississippi river] ; 
 by Junction [connection northwest by Henderson 
 road to Henderson, and Evansville (Ind.); to 
 
 Nashville, Capital of the State of Tennessee, 
 and one of the most important cities of the middle 
 southwest. It lies on the Cumberland river, on ele- 
 vated ground, much of the city lying nearly or quite 
 100 feet above the water level, and being considered 
 very healthy. The most prominent building, the 
 State Capitol, is considered one of the finest in the 
 Union, having admirable legislative halls, splendid 
 material of native marbles, a tower. State Library, 
 etc. Other buildings of prominence are the Uni- 
 versity, the City Hall, Lunatic Asylum, Peniten- 
 tiary, etc. Theatres ; the Nashville and Duffield’s, 
 Prominent Hotels : the SL Cloud and Stacey, 
 Nashville has many handsome residences ; and the 
 tone of its society is considered equal if not superior 
 to that of any other city of the South. Very near it 
 may be visited the Hermitage, old seat of Andrew 
 Jackson. [Extensive railway connections ; east to 
 Enoxoille ; southeast to Stevenson; southward, by 
 
220 
 
 SEOBT-TEIP GUIDE. 
 
 Nashville and Decatur and connecting roads, to 
 Montgomery (Ala.), and thence to the Gulf Cities ; 
 northward, by Evansville road to Vincennes and 
 Terre Haute ; south-westward to Memphis by Nash- 
 ville and North Western road, and connections ; 
 north-westward to St. Louis, etc.] 
 
 From Nashville, by North Western road, by TFizu- 
 erley ; Johnsonville ; McKenzie [connection south- 
 westward, by Memphis and Louisville road, for 
 Memphis, and for Little BocJc (Arkansas) ; by Pa- 
 ducah Junction [connection north to Paducah^ ; to 
 Union City, where connection is made with the 
 Mobile and Ohio road. By that road to 
 
 Columbus, on the Mississippi river ; with Bel- 
 mont, Missouri, opposite, connecting the route just 
 traversed with the St. Louis and Iron Mountain 
 road to St. Louis. 
 
 From Columbus the Mississippi maybe ascended, 
 by boat, to 
 
 Cairo, modern town, very low-lying, on the point 
 formed by the confluence of the Ohio and the Missis- 
 sippi, with costly levee against inundations by the 
 river, and much prominence as a steamboat port of 
 the Mississippi, vessels from and to all ports stop- 
 ping here to land and receive passengers and freight. 
 Has some noble buildings ; among the best, the 
 Custom House. [Kailway connection, from Cairo, or 
 from 3Iound City, immediately above, with the Illi- 
 nois Central Koad, direct for Chicago. Or, steam- 
 boat may be taken for St. Louis or any other point 
 
ROUTE NO. U.---^V’ESTERN. 
 
 221 
 
 on the Mississippi. Or, steamboat may be taken for 
 Louisville or Cincinnati.] 
 
 For St. Louis, from Bird's Point (opposite Cairo) 
 to Charleston ; where the Sfc. Louis and Iron Moun- 
 tain road is taken. . By Glen Allen, Marqiiand, and 
 other stations, to Bismarclc (where pause should be 
 made, if time allows, to visit, by a spur of the same 
 road. Iron Mountain, Pilot Knob and Ironton, with 
 some of the most extraordinary developments of 
 richness in iron mines, on the continent.) Bis- 
 marck, by Mineral Point [spur to Potosi] and other 
 stations, to St. Louis. 
 
 Division B. 
 
 AT ST. LOUIS ; AND BY TWO ROUTES TO CHICAGO. 
 
 St. Louis, Missouri, is one of the largest and most 
 important cities of the West, focus of mercantile 
 supply for a wide extent of country, virtual Queen 
 of the Mississippi, and often spoken of as the point 
 for removal of the National Capital. It lies on the 
 west bank of the Mississippi river, at what is sup- 
 posed to be about half-way between St. Paul, at the 
 head of navigation on the Mississippi, and New 
 Orleans, at the mouth of that noble river. It occupies 
 elevated ground, though uneven ; has a very long ex- 
 tent on the river, and an imposing appearance from 
 it. It has wide streets, with good shade ; handsome 
 parks ; substantial residences ; and one feature com- 
 manding unmixed admiration, in the Levee at which 
 
SHORT-TBIP GUIDE. 
 
 the most immense number of steamboats can 
 at any time be seen lying, loading, discharging, 
 arriving and departing, observable at any one spot 
 on the globe. Front Street, along the Levee, is one 
 of the finest of mercantile and warehouse streets in 
 the Union ; while Washington and Grand Avenues, 
 and Fourth Street, are among the most fashionable 
 thoroughfares. 
 
 St. Louis is singularly rich in Parks ; the most 
 notable being Lafayette, Hyde, Laclede and Gravois 
 Parks, in the outskirts ; Washington and Missouri, 
 and smaller squares ; with Tower Grove only par- 
 tially completed, to contain more than 3,000 acres 
 and rival the Fairmount at Philadelphia. The Fair 
 Grounds are also very beautiful and perfect, as well 
 as popular, with an Amphitheatre for spectators, esti- 
 mated to accommodate 80,000 to 90,000 persons ; and 
 Shaw's Gardens (botanical) are the very finest on 
 the continent. The Principal Cemeteries are the 
 Belief oniaine and the Calvary. 
 
 Among the Buildings best deserving attention, 
 are the Custom House, Third Street ; the Court 
 House, Fourth Street ; Temple of Justice, Clark 
 avenue ; Arsenal ; Merchants' Exchange, Main 
 street ; Masonic Hall, Market street ; and some oi 
 the innumerable Hospitals, Asylums, Educational 
 Institutions, and Homan Catholic Convents. Among 
 Churches, the Catholic Cathedral, Walnut street, 
 takes the lead ; followed by St. George's, (Epis.) 
 Locust street ; First Presbyterian, Fourteenth 
 
ROUTE NO. IL-^WESTERN. 
 
 223 
 
 street ; Church of the 3Iessiah, (Unitarian) Oliver 
 street, etc. Theatres: Be Bars Opera House, Olym- 
 pic and Varieties. Prominent hotels : the Lindell, 
 Planters, Laclede, &c. 
 
 Other objects of interest at St. Louis : the Steel 
 Bridge, not long since completed across the Missis- 
 sippi, from the Illinois shore to Washington Ave- 
 nue, for railroad and general use, and having the 
 reputation of being one of the world’s master-works 
 in bridge-erection ; the magnificent Union Depot, 
 accommodating all railroads centering in the cifcy, 
 and being among the largest and most commodious, 
 as well as most important, on the continent, — with 
 Tunnel leading to it from the western end of the 
 Steel Bridge ; and the City Water Works. 
 
 [Connections from St. Louis : by rail, east to In- 
 dianapolis by the St. Louis and Terre Haute road, 
 and to Cincinnati and eastward by the Ohio and 
 Mississippi road ; southeastward to Tennessee Cities 
 by the route just traversed ; south to New Orleans 
 and the Gulf by the Mobile and Ohio road; west to 
 Jefferson City, to Topeka, and other towns of Kansas, 
 by the Pacific and Missouri road ; northwestward 
 io St. Joseph, Omaha, and the Pacific Kailroad for 
 Salt Lake City and San Francisco, by the same and 
 St. Joseph roads ; north to Chicago and the Lakes 
 and Canada, and south to Cairo and New Orleans, 
 by th*e Illinois Central and Alton roads. In addi- 
 tion, steamboat communication to all navigable points 
 on the. Mississippi, the Missouri and Ohio riverrS,] 
 
224 
 
 SUOBT^TBIP GUIDE, 
 
 Leave St. Louis by Chicago, Alton and St. Louis 
 road ; by Alton, loftily located at just above the 
 junction of the Missouri and Mississippi Rivers, 
 with grand and notable scenery at that point, and 
 much general charm in situation [connection east- 
 ward to Indianapolis by the Indianapolis and St. 
 Louis road] ; to 
 
 Spkingfield, capital of the State of Illinois, 
 a thriving and handsome town standing on the 
 margin of a wide and fine prairie. It has a very 
 handsome Capitol, State Arsenal, Court House, Cus- 
 tom House, etc. ; extensive Water Works, on the San- 
 gamon River ; and will always enjoy an additional 
 celebrity as the residence and burial place of Abra- 
 ham Lincoln, a noble monument to whom marks his 
 tomb in Ridge Cemetery Hotel : the Leland House, 
 [Connection westward to Quincy, and eastward to 
 Logansport and Fort Wayne, by the Toledo, Wabash 
 and Western road.] 
 
 Springfield to Bloomington, capital of McLean 
 county, and a large town of much commerce and 
 many manufactures, besides having the great engine- 
 shops of the Chicago and Alton Company. [Con- 
 nection southwestward to Jacksonville ; west to 
 Pekin ; southeast to C hampaign and the Illinois 
 Central road.] Tp Chenoa [connection west to 
 Peoria; east to Warsaw dmdi Logansport']. By other 
 stations to Joliet, large and thriving town on the 
 Des Moines river, with State Penitentiary of noble 
 construction, immense fine building-stone quarries 
 
BOTJTE No, \L— WESTERN 
 
 225 
 
 near, valuable water-power, and extensive trade and 
 manufactures. [Connection west to Bock Island, 
 by the Chicago, Eock Island and Pacific road.] 
 Joliet to Chicago. 
 
 Or, leave St. Louis by the Illinois Central road 
 (St. Louis and Chicago Through Line), to East St. 
 Louis ; thence to Greenville, Vandalia (see Division 
 F., Eoute 12, pp. 205 A and B) , Effingham, Mat- 
 toon, Tolono, Champaign, Gilman, Calumet, etc., across 
 one of the richest ranges of the great prairie lands 
 of Illinois, to 
 Chicago. 
 
 (For notes on Chicago, see Boute No. 13, Division 
 C.) 
 
J^OUTE No. 15.-N0RTHERN AND WESTERN. 
 iSEMI’SKELETON.) 
 
 BUFFALO TO CLEVELAND AND CHICAGO, BY LAKE 
 SHORE ROAD. 
 
 Leave Buffalo by Lake Shore road ) to DunlcirTc^ 
 on Lake Erie, terminus of lower branch of the Erie 
 road [connection eastward to Salamanca, for the Oil 
 Kegions.] Dunkirk to 
 
 Ekie, (Pa.), on the shore of Lake Erie, with fine 
 harbor (a U. S. Naval Station); Court House and 
 other good buildings ; extensive iron rolling-mills, 
 and the connection of the Erie Extension Canal 
 with the Ohio Eiver and Beaver Canal. Hotel : the 
 Eeid House. [Connection southeast to Corry and 
 the Oil Kegions]. By Girard [connection south- 
 ward to Pittsburg] ; and Painesville to 
 
 Cleveland (Ohio) on Lake Erie, with harbor 
 at mouth of Cuyahoga Kiver, heavy lake shipping 
 trade, much prosperity in business aspects ; and so 
 pronounced a shaded beauty, especially in the fine 
 elms lining its wide streets, that it bears the name 
 of the ‘‘ Forest City.” It has a Medical College : a 
 Marine Hospital ; several handsome Churches; a 
 splendid Union Bailway Depot, of great size ; Monu- 
 mental Park (with monument to Commodore Perry); 
 Woodlawn Cemetery ; noble Water Works ; and 
 many other attractions. [Connections southeast to 
 
ROUTE NO, 1^,— NORTHERN AND WESTERN 227 
 
 Pittsiurg and Wheeling ; south to Coshocton and 
 Zanesville] southwest to Columbus,, Cincinnati,, etc.] 
 
 From Cleveland, by Oberlin (seat of the celebrated 
 “ Oberlin College/^ which admits blacks as well as 
 whites) ; by Monroeville [connection northward to 
 Sandusky] ; by Clyde [connection south to CixciK- 
 NATi] ; Fremont^ etc., to 
 
 Toledo, on the Maumee Eiver, near Lake Erie, 
 with considerable lake trade (principally in grain), 
 much domestic commerce, many handsome build- 
 ings, rapid progress, great educational facilities, and 
 an almost matchless location as a railway centre. 
 Hotels: Oliver House,, Island Houses American^ 
 and SL Charles. [Conections: southeast to Clyde 
 and (opening) to Wheeling ; South to Lima, Dayton 
 and Ciis ciKKATi ; southwest to Logansport, S2m7ig- 
 field (111), the Mississippi river, and St. Louis; 
 northward to Detroit and the Canadian lines ; etc.] 
 
 From Toledo, by the Michigan Southern and 
 Northern Indiana road ; by Adkieist (Michigan), 
 with water-power ; some manufactures ; repair-shops 
 of the railroad- division; a handsome Soldiers’ Mon- 
 ument, and many attractions as a residence. Hotel : 
 the Laiorence House. By Hillsdale; Uonesville 
 [connection south to Fort Wayn^ ; Sturgis [con- 
 nection north to Grand Haven and south to Fort 
 Wayne '] ; White Pigeon [connection north to Kala-, 
 mazoo^] Elhhart [junction with Air-Line of same 
 road, to Toledo] ; South Bend and Laporte ; to 
 
 Chicago* (For notes on Chicago, and connec- 
 tions, see previous route, No. 13.) 
 
ROUTE NO. 16.-N0RTHERN (SEMI-SKELETON). 
 
 YORK OR PHILADELPHIA TO THE LACKA- 
 WAKKA COAL REGIOKS, AKD THE OIL CREEK 
 OIL REGIONS. 
 
 York, by the New Jersey Central road to 
 Hampton Junction (see Eoute No. 13) ; to 
 Manunhacliunh (New Jersey). 
 
 Or by the Delaware, Lackawanna and Western 
 road — Morris and Essex Division from New York: 
 from foot Barclay Street to Hoboken; thence by 
 rail, by Orange [connection to Newark]; by Madi- 
 son^ location of Drew Theological Seminary; by 
 Morristown, thriving town of New Jersey, and 
 capital of Morris County, on the Whippany Creek, 
 with handsome residences, a ^^Washington’s Head 
 Quarters” and other Eevolutionary remains; by 
 Boonton^ Bockaway Dover ^ all towns in the iron- 
 
 region, with extensive iron mills and foundries ; by 
 Chester^ Drakesville, Stanhope [connection by stage 
 or boat to Lake Hopatcong and to BudJs Lake] ; 
 by Waterloo [connection north to Newton, by Sussex 
 road] ; by Hackettstown, handsome town of Warren 
 County, with flouring mills and a Methodist Epis- 
 copal Seminary of eminence [connection by stage to 
 Schooley^s Mountain (see Excursions from New 
 York) ] ; to Washington. At Washington connect 
 
ROUTE NO. \Q.--NOBTHERN. 
 
 229 
 
 with the Delaware, Lackawanna and Western road, 
 and by that road to ManunJcachunk, 
 
 Or, from Philadelphia, by the Northern Pennsyl- 
 vania road, or the Belvidere Delaware road, to 
 Easton ; thence to Mammkachtmh 
 Manunkachunk to the Delaware Water-Gap (see 
 Excursions from New York). Water-Gap to 
 Stroudsburg, (Pa.), and by several minor stations 
 to 
 
 ScRANTOiT (Pa.), important heavy-manufacturing 
 town, and great centre of the coal operations of the 
 Lackawanna district. In brief excursions from 
 Scranton, locally directed, may be observed all the 
 details of mining and transportation, of the immense 
 coal trade and the iron trade accompanying. [Con- 
 nections southwest to Pitiston and WilJcesbarre\ 
 north to Great Bend and the Erie road ; east to 
 Garbondale, Honesdale, etc]. Scranton to 
 Pittston, another important coal centre. Pitts- 
 ton, by Rupert [connection southward with the 
 wildly-grand Catawissa road, for Reading, etc.] ; by 
 Milton and other stations, to 
 Williamsport, capital of Lycoming County, on 
 the Susquehanna river, with much industry and 
 miscellaneous business, and the most extensive 
 lumber trade of any town in America. Among the 
 curiosities of the place, is the Great Timber Boom 
 in the Susquehanna, capable of holding millions of 
 logs at a time ; the many saw-mills and other lum- 
 hev works. There are also extensive Black Marble 
 
230 
 
 SHORT- TRIP GUIDE. 
 
 Quarries in the neighborhood. Hotels : the HerdiCj 
 Crawford, City, and American. 
 
 From Williamsport by the Philadelphia and Erie 
 road; by 
 
 Lock Haven, another great lumber centre, also 
 with immense Timber-Boom, saw-mills, etc., and 
 fine scenery in the neighborhood. Hotels : the Fuh 
 ton, Irving, and Montonr. Lock Haven, by Renovo, 
 Emporium, AVilcox and other stations; to 
 
 Irvineton, whence should be taken the Oil Creek 
 and Alleghany road, to Tidioutc, Oleopolis, Pithole, 
 Oil City, Titusville, or of those great oil centres, 
 from which short excursions, locally directed, can 
 be made with most profit and satisfaction. Thence 
 to CoRRy, for Salamanca and the Erie road, going 
 east ; or for Erie and the Lake Shore road, for the 
 north or West 
 
ROUTE NO. 17. -CAN AD! AN AND WESTERN. 
 
 KIAGARA FALLS, BY HAMILTOX Al^D LOXDO^T TO 
 
 DETKOIT AKD CHICAGO, BY GREAT WESTERN 
 AKD MICHIGAN RAILWAYS. 
 
 Leave Niagara Falls (Suspension Bridge), by rail 
 on the Great Western road of Canada; by Tliorold 
 (crossing of the Welland Canal around the Falls 
 of Niagara), to 
 
 St. CatliarindSy pleasant small town, favorite as 
 a residence, and with Mineral Springs of much cele- 
 brity. Thence by Grimsby ^ lying near the shore of 
 Lake Ontario, to 
 
 Hamilton, on Burlington Bay, at the extreme 
 western end of the Lake, with very handsome coast- 
 scenery in the neighborhood ; a magnificent harbor, 
 with heavy lake trade and fine fishing ; and the 
 town itself very prettily laid out, with elegant resi- 
 dences and other buildings, well shaded and attrac- 
 tive. Very fine views are to be obtained from the 
 Mountain, where also stands Dundrum Castle., 
 erected by Sir Allan McNab, when Governor-Gen- 
 eral; and there are many favorite resorts in the 
 neighborhood, among others the Beach, Oaklands, 
 Flamborough Heights, etc. Prominent Hotels : the 
 Anglo-American and City. [Connection eastward 
 {Hamilton Junction) with the Grand Trunk Kail- 
 
233 ’ snOET-miP GUIDE. 
 
 way for Tovouto and all tlio Eastern Canadian cities j 
 also, by boat on the Lake, for Toronto and th-e same]. 
 Hamilton to Dundas, with many manufactures and 
 much fine scenery at and near the Desjardines 
 Canal, here commencing; to Harrisburg [connec- 
 tion northward to Berlin, Ouelph, and the Grand 
 Trunk road] ; to 
 
 Pahis, a thriving town, with important water- 
 power and manufactures, at the junction of the 
 Grand and ISTith rivers, with mineral springs and a 
 petrifying spring in the neighborhood [connection 
 northwestward to Goderich and Lake Huron, and 
 southeastward to Bunville and Buffalo, by Gode- 
 rich and Grand Trunk road]. Paris to 
 
 Lohdok, considered the metropolis of South 
 Western Canada— with handsome location, streets 
 well laid out and shaded, costly buildings, and all 
 the attractions for residence. [Connection north- 
 ward to St, Mary^ s and the Grand Trunk road; 
 southward to Port Stanley, on Lake Erie, with boat 
 connection to Buffalo]. London, by Komolca 
 [connection westward to Petrolia (oil-centre), and 
 Port Sarnia, at the entrance of the St. Clair river 
 into Lake Huron] ; and by Glencoe ; to 
 
 Bothwell, principal town of the Canadian oil- 
 regions, in the neighborhood of which those who 
 have not visited the Pennsylvania oil-sections, may 
 derive a veiy good idea of the petroleum w’clls and 
 processes. 
 
 Bothwell to Chatham, with the distinction of very 
 
R0UTEN0A1.--GANABIAN AND WESTERN, 233 
 
 latge percentage of negro population. [Connection 
 with Detroit, by steamers down the Thames river 
 and across Lake St. Clair to Detroit river]. Chatham 
 by unimportant stations to 
 
 WiiJ^DSOR, very old town on the eastern side of the 
 Detroit river, with many French peculiarities and 
 but moderate prosperity. From Windsor, ferry, car- 
 rying over cars on boats, to 
 
 Detiioit, Michigan, lying on the west bank of 
 the Detroit river, strait connecting Lake St. Clair 
 with Lake Erie. This is the largest city of the State ; 
 one of the oldest in any of the Western States, and 
 one of the most wealthy and influential of all. The 
 city front extends along the river at great length, 
 ■with most of the location elevated, and the streets 
 well shaded and broken up into many small parks 
 and public grounds. The most important of the lat- 
 ter is the Grand Circus, park and promenade, from 
 which radiate many of the finest avenues; among 
 others, Woodward, Jefferson, ejbc. There is also a 
 largo Plaza, called the Canijms Martins, around 
 which are grouped many of the finest buildings in 
 the citys Without the town, the favorite public re- 
 sorts are Fort Wayne, on the river, three miles from 
 the city; Belle He, Grosse Pointe and Grosse Ile^ 
 more distant. The principal Cemeteries are Elm- 
 wood and Woodlaivn. 
 
 Among the prominent buildings in the city, are 
 the Michigan Central Freight Depot, of immense 
 size and costly construction, with the great Loco- 
 
234 
 
 BHORT-TRIP GUIDE. 
 
 motive Roimd House and Grain Elevator^ near ifc ; 
 the Custom House (with Post Office) ; the Opera 
 House; the Board of Trade Building, etc. The 
 most notable churches are St, PauTs (Epis.), with 
 the peculiarity of a roof without columns; Christ, 
 St. Jolin^s and Grace (all Epis.) ; Fort Street Pres- 
 hjterian; (Meth.-Epis.) ; St, Peter and St. 
 
 Paid (Oath.) ; St. Anne^s (Oath.), with very fine 
 choir; etc. Detroit has also elaborate Water-works; 
 large manufacturing and lake-shipping interests, 
 in grain and provisions, etc. Theatre: the Opera 
 House, Prominent Hotels: The Russell, Biddle, 
 and Michigan Exchange, 
 
 From Detroit may be visited, north, Lalce St, 
 Clair, with many attractive features in scenery; and 
 southward, the Put-in-Bay Islands, below the mouth 
 of the Detroit river, in Lake Erie, near which occur- 
 red Commodore Perry’s victory in 1813 ; now famous 
 as bathing and fishing resort, etc. [Boat from De- 
 troit to Kelly’s Island, largest of the group, every day 
 during warm season.] 
 
 [Eailway connection from Detroit : north to Port 
 Huron, foot of Lake Huron : northwest to Saginaio, 
 Wenona, etc. ; west to Kalamazoo, etc. ; east by route 
 just traversed, and by Toledo and Lake Shore road ; 
 west to CniCAGO, etc., as see route to be pursued. In 
 addition, it has steamboat communication on Lake 
 Erie to Buffalo and other ports; and to all ports 
 on Lake Huron and Michigan.] 
 
 Leave Detroit by Michigan Central road, by Yp- 
 
ROUTENO,Vll,--CANABIANANDWESTEItK 235 
 
 silantiy pleasant small town of Michigan, seat of the 
 State Normal School ; thence (along the Huron 
 Eiver), to 
 
 Ank Arbor, handsome large town, on elevated 
 plateau, with fine shade and many handsome build- 
 ings; and seat of the University of Michigan, an 
 institution of wide influence, with varied courses, a 
 fine Observatory, etc. Hotel: the Gregory House. 
 By Dexter and Chelsea to 
 
 Jackso]^, large and thriving town, with many 
 manufactures, an important coal-trade from mines 
 in the immediate neighborhood, and seat of the 
 Michigan State Prison. [Connections, northward 
 to LAKSii^'G (capital of the State); southward to 
 Adrian and Toledo, etc.] From Lansing, by Parma, 
 on the Kalamazoo river; by Albion (seat of Albion 
 College, of the Meth. Epis. Church) ; by Marshall 
 (large paper manufactories, and railway repair- 
 shops); to Battle Creek, manufacturing town, 
 especially with extensive flour-mills [connections 
 north to Laksikg, and south to Soicth Bend, etc.] ; 
 to 
 
 Kalamazoo, largest town in the State, after De- 
 troit. It is a thriving manufacturing and commer- 
 cial town, with much shaded beauty and many 
 handsome residences; and the seat of a Baptist 
 College and the State Insane Asylum. Hotels : the 
 Kalamazoo and Burdiclc. [Connections : northwest 
 to Grand Haven and Lake Michigan ; also to Grand 
 Rapids; southeastward to Wayne^oic.'l From. 
 
SnORT-TRIP GUIDE, 
 
 236 
 
 Kalamazoo, by Lawton (with extensive iron works) ; 
 Nilcs^ small town of commercial and industrial im- 
 portance on the St. Joseph Eiver; Ncio Buffalo and 
 Michigan City (both modern towns, on the immedi- 
 ate shore of Lake Michigan) ; to 
 Chicago, 
 
ROUTE NO. 18.-N0RTH-WESTERN iSEMhSKELE- 
 TON.) 
 
 CHICAGO TO ST. PAUL (mIHH.) AND FALLS OF ST. 
 
 ANTHONY; WITH OPTIONAL RETURN DOWN 
 THE MISSISSIPPI OR BY LAKE SUPERIOR. 
 
 Leave Chicago by the Chicago, Milwautie and Sfc. 
 Paul Eailroad ; by Waukegan; Kenosha [connection 
 west to Genoa, Rockford, etc.]; Kacine [connection 
 west to ‘and Freeport]', to Milwaukie. (Or 
 
 by Chicago and N. W. Eailroad, or daily steamer 
 on the Lake.) 
 
 Milwaukie, commercial capital of the State of 
 Wisconsin, one of the largest cities. of the northwest, 
 considered very handsome and attractive as a resi- 
 dence, and so healthful in reputation, as to have 
 originated the jest that ‘^people are obliged to go 
 away from Milwaukie, when they wish to die ! Ho- 
 tels: i\ie Plajikinton, Walker, ^n^Newliall. [Connec- 
 tions, northwest to Iloricon, Portage City, etc.; 
 southwest to Milton, Janesville, etc.] 
 
 Leave Milwaukie by the Milwaukie and St. Paul 
 road ; Waukesha and Palmyra, famed for their min- 
 eral springs and attractive resorts ; by Watertown 
 [connection north to Horicon; northwest to Portage 
 City, etc.]; to 
 
 Madison, capital of the State, and a very thriving 
 and handsome town, with the Capitol, University of 
 Wisconsin, many other local attractions, and the 
 
238 
 
 8E0BT-TBIP GUIDE. 
 
 notably-beautiful Four Lahes in the immediate 
 neighborhood. [Connections southeast to Chicago, 
 by the Chicago and North-western road ; and to 
 Plymouth^ Beloit, etc., by the Madison division of 
 the same road]. Madison, by many minor stations, 
 to 
 
 Prairie du Chien", important town on the Mis- 
 sissippi river, with a considerable river-trade, many 
 steamboats making stoppage, and prairies in the 
 neighborhood, as the name indicates. By ferry 
 to 
 
 McGregor, small town on the opposite side of the 
 river ; where the route by rail is continued. By 
 Colmar [connection westward to Charles City and 
 the Missouri river] ; to Austih [connection south- 
 ward by the Burlington and Cedar Rapids road, to 
 Cedar Rapids, Burlington, and the Mississippi]; to 
 Ramsey [connection west with Southern Minnesota 
 road] ; to Owatona [connection west for Mankato, 
 St. Peter, etc.] ; by St. Paul and Mendota Junctions 
 [connection southwest to Mankato, 1 etc. ; to 
 
 St. Paul, capital of Minnesota, and the largest 
 town in the State ; on the Mississippi river, at the 
 virtual head of navigation ; wi th State Capitol ; State 
 Reform School ; St. Joseph’s Academy (Catholic) ; a 
 of great length, over the Mississippi ; Carver’s 
 Gave and Fountain Gave in the immediate vicinity, 
 etc. Theatre: the Opera House. Leading Hotel: 
 the Merchants’. [Connections: north to Duluth, 
 
ROUTE NO, IS,— NORTE- WESTERN, 239 
 
 on Lake Superior; northwest to Cloud; west to 
 Breclcenridge; southwest to St, Peter and Manhato; 
 southeast to Mihuaulde and Chicago, by route just 
 traversed; also southeast to Red Wing, and Lake 
 Pepin. Also by steamer to all Mississippi ports, 
 St. Louis and New Orleans.] It is from’ St. Paul 
 that visit will be paid (short ride by carriage, by 
 Fort Snetling) to the 
 
 Falls of Minnehaha, very beautiful small fall of the 
 Minnesota river, made famous by Longfellow in the 
 poem of the same name, with the Indian derivation, 
 
 Laughing Water.^’ Also^will be visited, by rail 
 from St. Paul, the 
 
 Falls of St, Anthony, and Minneapolis, formerly 
 St. Ahthohy, a few miles above. The town is a 
 thriving one, at the actual head of navigation of the 
 Mississippi, with Slate University, and connection 
 by bridge with Minneapolis, The Falls, though 
 with very mean surroundings, are grand, especially 
 in the feature of Kapids, and show to best advan- 
 tage by moonlight. 
 
 From St. Paul descent of the Mississippi may be 
 made, by steamboat, by Red Wing (Minn.); La 
 Crosse (Wis.) ; Prairie du Chien (Wis.) ; Duhuquo 
 (Iowa) ; Galena (111.), centre of the lead trade ; Dav- 
 enport (Iowa) ; Roch Island (111.) ; Burlington 
 (Iowa) ; Nauvoo (111.), original seat of the Mor- 
 mons; KeoTcuh (Iowa); Hannibal (Mo.); Alton 
 (111.), and many other interesting river ports, with 
 stoppages, to St. Louis for the South or return east- 
 ward. 
 
240 
 
 BEOUT-miP GUIDE, 
 
 Or, northern route may be taken, leaving St. 
 Paul by the Tiake Superior and Mississippi road, 
 to 
 
 Duluth, new but important town at the extreme 
 southwest point of Lake Superior, with good harbor, 
 heavy lake trade and rapidly increasing prosperity, 
 Hotel : the Clarh House. At Duluth, steamer to be 
 taken (depending on local direction . for the most 
 reliable particulars) on Lake Superior, to the Onto- 
 nagon Copper Region, on the south shore of that 
 Lake ; thence to the Marquette Iron Region, on 
 the same shore ; thence to the Pictured Rods, also 
 on the same shore. Thence route may be continued, 
 through the Sault St. Marie (Strait) into LaTce 
 Huron, and to Bay City for rail to Detroit ; or to 
 Detroit by boat direct ; or to Goderich, for return 
 by rail through Canada; or through the St. Clair 
 River and Lake, and the Detroit river, to Lake Erie, 
 for Toledo, Cleveland, Erie, or Buffalo, on that 
 Lake. 
 
 [Another popular route from Milwaukie to the 
 North-West is as follows: Prom Milwaukie, by the 
 Chicago, Milwaukie and St. Paul Road, by Water-- 
 town, Portage, Tomah (connection to Grand Rapids 
 and lumber region), Sparta (noted mineral springs), 
 Winona Junction, over the Mississippi River at La- 
 crosse, by fine scenery of Upper Mississippi, by 
 Winona, passing Bed Wing, to Minneapolis and 
 St. Paul.] 
 
ROUTE NO. 19,-OANADIAN. 
 
 NIAGARA FALLS TO TOKOKTO, OTTAWA, MONTREAL, 
 QUEBEC, AND THE SAGUENAY RIVER ; BY 
 GRAND TRUNK RAILWAY, AND BOAT- 
 
 CONNECTIONS. ' 
 
 Division A 
 
 NIAGARA FALLS TO TORONTO AND OTTAAVA, 
 
 Leave Niagara Falls (Suspension Bridge) by Great 
 Western Kailway, by Tliorold, to St Catliarine^s (see 
 Route No. 17) ; and to 
 Hamilton (also see Route No 17.) 
 
 From Hamilton, continuing by Toronto branch of 
 Great Western Railway, at near the upper coast of 
 Lake Ontario, by Galcville and other stations, to 
 Toronto, most populous city of the Western prov- 
 ince (Ontario), and one of the handsomest in Am- 
 erica, though excelled in size by many. It lies on 
 the Northern shore of Lake Ontario; is well laid out 
 and finely shaded ; and has one thoroughfare, Tonge 
 Street j actually extending northward as an unbroken 
 drive, the whole distance to the foot of Lake Simcoe^ 
 some 35 miles. Among the prominent buildings is 
 the University of Toronto, a noble structure Avith 
 lofty tower, and fine park surrounding. Scarcely 
 second is Osgoode Hall, the law-court building, with 
 
243 
 
 8E0ET-TEIP GUIDE. 
 
 the distinction of not only being onie of the most 
 tasteful in the world for legal purposes, outside, but 
 one of the most completely and tastefully arranged, 
 within. There are also the Exchange^ Provincial 
 Lunatic Asylum^ Trinity College^ Normal Scliooly 
 etc., all worthy of visit. Of the many Churches, 
 three have especial prominence: the Cathedral of St. 
 James (Epis.) ; that of St. Michael (Catholic) ; and the 
 (new) Wesleyan Church. Prominent Hotels: the 
 Rossin House, and the Queen^s. Those who have 
 abundant leisure, should make the drive before 
 spoken of, to Lahe Simcoe, with wild beauty; those 
 with less time will find drives through some of the 
 main avenues, and along the shore of the Lake, 
 amply repaying them. 
 
 [Connections by rail, north to Lake Simcoe ; west 
 to Guelph, Berlin, and other towns on the Grand 
 Trunk road. Also, by boat with Niagara Falls, by 
 Lewiston and rail along the Niagara Kiver. Also, 
 by daily boat along Lake Ontario and down the St. 
 Lawrence Eiver to Montheal. Also, to ports on 
 the New York side of the Lake.] 
 
 From Toronto by the Grand Trunk Eailway ; by 
 Frenchman! s Bay, Boiumanville and other stations, 
 to 
 
 Port Hope, pleasant little town, on the Lake, with 
 hill suburbs and some lake-trade. [Connection 
 northwestward to Beaverton, on Lake Simcoe ; and 
 with Lake ports, by boat.] Port Hope to 
 
 Cobourg, important station as well as handsome 
 
EOVrTE NO. 1^.— CANADIAN 
 
 243 
 
 town, with fair trade, a pleasant residence, and the 
 seat of Victoria College (Wesleyan). [Connection 
 northward to Peterboro and Rice and Salmon Trout 
 Lakes.] Cobourg, by Colborne (not to be con- 
 founded with Port Colbourn,” on the Great Western 
 road) ; by Trenton (on the little river Trent) ; by 
 Belleville.^ pleasant small town on Moira river (actual 
 inlet from the Lake) ; by Napanee, Collins^ Bay and 
 other stations; to 
 
 Kingstok, very old town at the entrance of the 
 St. Lawrence river, and once capital of Canada; 
 with very heavy fortifications, in Fort Henry and 
 several other works; seat of Queen^s College Uni- 
 versity, the Regiopolis Catliolic College, Provincial 
 Penitentiary. Hotel : the British American. Cape 
 Vincent, on the New York shore, lies opposite. 
 [Steamer connection from Kingston up the Lake to 
 Toronto, down the Lake to Montreal and other 
 ports. Also, by Rideau Canal, with Ottaiva. From 
 Cape Vincent, by rail to Watertoion, and thence to 
 Rome and other points on the New York Central 
 road.] 
 
 From Kingston, by Gananoque and Mallory 
 Town, to Brockville, a town of pleasant location 
 and some commercial importance, on the St. Law- 
 rence river [connection northward to Carleton Place ^ 
 Arnyrior, etc. ; and from Carleton Place, by Canada 
 Central road, to Ottawa]. Brockville to 
 
 Prescott (Junction), small town, principally of 
 transit importance, also on the St. Lawrence. [Con- 
 
244 
 
 8H0BT-TB1P GUIDE. 
 
 nections, north to Ottawa, as see route to be pur- 
 sued ; east direct to Montreal, continuing by Grand 
 Trunk road ; across the river to Ogdensburg, on the 
 New York side, whence connection south to the 
 New York Central road and towns on that line, by 
 the Eome, Watertown and Ogdensburg road, for 
 southward ; or eastward by Ogdensburg and Cham- 
 plain road to Rouse’s Pointy Lake Champlain and 
 St. Albans for all Eastern States]. 
 
 From Prescott, by St. Lawrence and Ottawa road, 
 through a region comparatively unbroken, but with 
 many features of beauty in natural scenery, to 
 
 Ottawa, Capital of the Dominion of Canada. It 
 lies on the Ottawa river, and on the Kideau Canal^ 
 running to’Lakc Ontario at Kingston. The scenery 
 in the district is' somewhat wild and untamed, but 
 very picturesque ; and in the immediate neighbor- 
 hood may be witnessed some of the most extensive 
 operations in the rafting and sawing of lumber and 
 timber, on the whole range of the continent. The 
 Gliaudiere Great Falls (of the Ottawa) lie within 
 the city proper, at the west, are some 200 feet in 
 width by 40 in depth, and have many features of 
 grandeur; while the jPiifZfe, handsomer though 
 
 smaller, lie at the east. The Rideau Falls, at the 
 northeast, and the Remoux and De Cheyne Rapids, 
 some miles above, are all worthy of visit and 
 notice. 
 
 The feature of Ottawa is of course to be found in 
 the Parliament Houses and government buildings 
 
ROUTE Jsro, Id.—CAEABIAE, 
 
 245 
 
 connected. They are of native stone, lately 
 erected, at great cost, and truly magnificent in 
 size, design and arrangement — promising, when 
 fully completed, with their grounds, to he worthy 
 of the Dominion and command great admiration. 
 The respective Chamiers of the Senate and House 
 of Commons are of the same size as those at West- 
 minster Palace, and quite as handsomely finished ; 
 and there is an immense Library, not yet finished, 
 to be capable of accommodating half a million vol- 
 umes. They stand at the height of an elevation 
 known as Barrack Hill,” forming the apex of the 
 higher ground on which the Upper Town is built, 
 being divided from the Lower Town by the Eideau 
 Canal and its handsome stone bridge. The Qaeen^s 
 Printing House, near the Parliament Houses, the 
 Catholic Cathedral, and other prominent buildings, 
 demand attention. Leading Hotel : the Russell 
 House. [Connection west to Carleton Place and the 
 Brockville road ; and to Prescott, Ogdensburg, etc., 
 by the route just traversed. Direct railway along 
 the Ottawa river, to Moittkeal, in course of con- 
 struction]. 
 
 Division B. 
 
 OTTAVTA TO AKD AT MOKTREAL. 
 
 Leave Ottawa by morning boat on the Ottawa 
 river ; with fine view, soon after leaving, of the 
 Rideau Falls, on the right; and not long afterwards, 
 the entrance of the Gatineau River, tributary of 
 
246 
 
 8E0RT-TEIP GUIDE. 
 
 the Ottawa, into that river, the largest on the Conti- 
 nent, after the Mississippi and the St. Lawrence, and 
 very picturesque throughout, though with a beauty 
 untamed. Various minor landings are made, before 
 reaching 
 
 L’Origitval ; at which point, if time allows, the 
 tourist should lie over for one day, to visit the 
 Caledonia Springs^ nine miles distant, the heal- 
 ing qualities of which have made them very cele- 
 brated, with capacious hotel, and the presence, in 
 summer, of a very large number of the best known 
 people of fashion and condition, in the Dominion. 
 Eeturn to L’ Original, 
 
 From L’Original, whether with or without hav- 
 ing visited the Springs, the course is pursued by 
 boat, down the Ottawa, to 
 
 GnE^iTYiLLE (with Haiolceslury opposite, with large 
 saw mills) where the boat is left and a land ride of 
 twelve miles taken (the Long Sault Rapids making 
 navigation impossible) ; to 
 Oarillok, at the lower end of the. rapids, where 
 another boat of the line is taken. It is worthy of 
 remark that from Ottawa to this point, the middle 
 of the river has been the dividing line between the 
 two provinces of Ontario (west) and Quebec (east) ; 
 but that here the line leaves the river, striking 
 southward to the St. Lawrence, and the course is ' 
 taken entirely in that of Quebec. 
 
 Among the next prominent objects of interest fol- 
 lowing, is the Mountain of Rigaud^ looming high 
 
ROUTE If 0. l^.---CANABIAir. 
 
 247 
 
 on the southern bank, aboye the rough and wooded 
 shores. Several minor landings are made on this 
 portion of the river, after leaving which it expands 
 into the 
 
 Lake of the Tioo Alountains^ with the two moun- 
 tains giving its name, rising on either side, one of 
 them. Calvary^ being held sacred by the Indians. 
 Not long after, is reached 
 
 St. Akxe’s, rendered so celebrated by Moore, in 
 the Canadian Boat Song.” At this point Mont 
 Royale, the height above Montreal, comes into view. 
 The boat is taken through locks, at St. Anne’s, to 
 avoid the rapids, coming out into the 
 
 Lake SL Louis, in which the Ottawa for the 
 first time joins the St. Lawrence. Landing from the 
 boat is made at 
 
 Lachike, where cars of the Grand Trunk Eail- 
 Way are taken to 
 
 MoNTRExiL, the largest and most prosperous city 
 of the British Possessions in North America ; Me- 
 tropolitan See of the English Church in Canada, 
 and seat of a Catholic Bishopric. It lies on rapidly 
 rising ground, on the island of the same name, with 
 the St. Lawrence immediately in front. Back Eiver 
 forming the sound behind it ; and the mountain 
 which gives it name. Mount Royal, also rising 
 grandly at the back. There are few and unimpor- 
 tant fortifications, {St. Helenas Island being the 
 principal); but the town has usually been garri- 
 soned, being considered the military key of the 
 
248 
 
 SnORT-TElP GUIDE. 
 
 Dominion. The population of Montreal is won- 
 drously mixed, there being many streets, in the higher 
 and newer parts of the town, in which the English 
 and Scotch elements entirely predominate, with 
 many of the features of an English city; while in 
 the older and lower parts of the town, many of the 
 streets are still called ^^Eues,’’ and the prevailing 
 architecture, language and manner are all French? 
 of not too refined an order. There are now fine 
 quays along the river; costly and elegant residences 
 have rapidly increased in number, stretching back 
 towards Mount lioyal ; and the commercial impor- 
 tance and prosperity of the Northern Metropolis 
 have quite kept pace with its growing luxury. 
 Among other evidences of its prosperity has been 
 the establishment of the fine Allan line of Steamers 
 to Liverpool and Glasgow, coming to Quebec and 
 Montreal during the open season, and to Portland 
 in the winter. 
 
 First among the edifices of Montreal, comes the 
 CatlioliG Cathedral of Notre Dame^ standing on the 
 Place d^Armes, in the centre of the old city, and so 
 large that it is accredited with containing 10,000 
 people without difficulty. It is Gothic in architec- 
 ture, with two tall towers, commanding a magnifi- 
 cent view from the top; and within, it has many 
 of the features of European churches of the same 
 faith. Christ Church Cathedral (Epis.) and St. 
 Andretd^s Church (Episcopal) rank next; and the 
 Church of the Jesuits, with some fine pictures, is 
 
ROUTE NO, Vd,— CANADIAN, 
 
 249 
 
 much visited and admired. Of public, commercial and 
 other buildings may be especially noted the Court 
 House, one of the best on the continent ; the Bank 
 (?/ near the Cathedral ; AlcGill College, at 
 the foot of Mount Eoyal; Bonsecours Market, on 
 the qua}^, with large dome and excellent internal 
 arrangements; St, Patrick's iJaZZ, Victoria square; 
 the Albert Buildings, same place ; Dominion Block, 
 McGill street, etc. There are three Nunneries, always 
 exciting more or less attention among visitors, and 
 to which admission is often granted; the Gray, 
 (lately removed); the Black, Notre Dame street ;< 
 and the Hotel Dieu, Notre Dame and Great SL 
 James Streets may be named as the most fashionable 
 promenades; and St, Paul Street as the leading 
 commercial. The principal Cemetery is Alount Royal, 
 on the mountain of that name, around which, also, 
 is the most fashionable drive of the city. There is a 
 handsome Nelson Monument at the Place Jacques 
 Cartier. Theatre: the Montreal, Leading Hotels* 
 St. Lawrence Hall, the Ottaiva, the Montreal, etc» 
 
 Many excursions of interest can be made from 
 Montreal, but the most indispensable one is that 
 to 
 
 The Victoria Bridge over the St. Lawrence, at 
 Point St. Charles, order to inspect which can be 
 obtained from the officers of the Grand Trunk Eail- 
 way, near the entrance. It is one of the immense 
 enterprises of later times, with no less than 23 spans 
 
250 
 
 8H0BT-TEIP GUIDE. 
 
 of 242 feet each, a centre one of 330 feet, 
 and a total length of two miles. It is tubular, on 
 the plan of the great bridge oyer the Menai Strait, 
 in Wales; was built by Eobert Stephenson and A. M. 
 Eoss; and opened by the Prince of Wales during his 
 American visit, in August, 1860. 
 
 Another very pleasant excursion, for those reach- 
 ing Montreal by rail, is to take rail to LacTiine, and 
 thence return to the city by boat Dcnon the Lachine 
 Rapids^ with excellent idea thus obtained of that 
 feature of the St. Lawrence. 
 
 [Connections fiom Montreal: westward to Otta- 
 wa, by the route just traversed; eastward to Que- 
 bec, by the Grand Trunk road (from St. Lambert) ; 
 southward to Rousds Pointy and thence to all points 
 in the Eastern and Middle United States, (from La 
 Prairie). Westward by steamer on the St. Law- 
 rence and Lake Ontario, "to Toronto and leading 
 Lake ports ; eastward by steamer on the St. Law- 
 rence, to Quebec and the farther East. By Allan 
 line of sea-steamers to Halifax, Liverpool and 
 Glasgow.] 
 
 Division G. 
 
 MOFfTREAL TO AKD AT QUEBEC, WITH EXCURSIOKS 
 
 Leave Montreal (from Bonaventure Station), bj 
 train on the Grand Trunk Eailway; across the 
 Victoria Bridge at Point St Charles ; by St. Lam- 
 bert, St. Hyacinthe, and other stations, to 
 
ROUTE NO. 1^.--GANADIAN 
 
 251 
 
 Richmokd, important railway station and point 
 of intersection. [Connection, south-eastward, by 
 Portland Division of the Grand .Trunk road, to; 
 Island Pond; and thence to Gorham for the White 
 Mountains and southward, or to Portland and 
 connections for Bosto^t and the east.] 
 
 From Richmond, by the Quebec branch of the 
 Grand Trunk road; by Arthabasca [connection 
 northward, by Bulstrode^ to St. Gregoire, on the 
 St. Lawrence river, and Three Rivers (Canada)]; 
 by Blade River and other stations, to 
 
 Point Levi [continuation of line eastward, to 
 Riviere du Loup']. From Point Levi, ferry across 
 the St. Lawrence, to 
 
 Quebec, metropolis of the Province of the same 
 name ; important military station, with very strong 
 fortifications ; and with as important historical 
 interest as any city on the American continent. It 
 lies on the north shore of the St. Lawrence, with ex- 
 ceedingly picturesque location, being divided into 
 the Upper and Lower Towns, with the very strong 
 fortifications of the Upper Town crowning the whole; 
 and the Citadel of Cape Diamond, being considered 
 next in strength in the world to Gibraltar and 
 Ehrenbreitstein. From the city proper, the suburbs 
 of St. Roch and St. John extend along the river St. 
 Charles to Plains of Abraham, on the Heights 
 of the same name, rendered ever-memorable by the 
 battle fought there between the English Gen. Wolfe 
 and the French General Montcalm, in 1759, with 
 
SHOET-TEIP GUIDE. 
 
 253 
 
 the death of both the commanders, but the total de- 
 feat of the French, and the final capture of Quebec 
 and destruction of the French power in the prov- 
 ince. The spot where Wolfe fell, near an old re- 
 doubt at the highest point, is pointed out to tourists, 
 who have even a more singular interest in seeing 
 the skull of Montcalm, exhumed not many years 
 ago, now preserved in the Ursuline Convent. The 
 joint Monument to Wolfe and Montcalm is to be 
 found in the Public Garden, on Des Carrieres street. 
 At the foot of the Citadel is a tower, where the Am- 
 erican General Montgomery fell in the assault on 
 Quebec, in 1775. Ascent from the Lower to the 
 Upper Town is made by a very steep and winding 
 street, through the Prescott Gate, by which also the 
 fortifications may be reached on the St. Lawrence 
 side. The Plains may be entered by the St. Louis 
 Gate, nearly opposite. The View from the Citadel, 
 over the city, the St. Lawrence and the opposite 
 shore, is a truly magnificent one and not to be omit- 
 ted by any one with an eye to the picturesque. 
 
 Among the most notable Buildings of Quebec, 
 may be named the Parliament House (rebuilt when 
 the city was still expected to remain the Capital) ; 
 the very Artillery Barracks ; the immense and 
 fine Roman Catholic Cathedral ; the Ursuline Con 
 vent and Church, with attractive gardens ; the En 
 glish Cathedral (modern and noble); St. Andreic^s 
 Church ; the very old church of Hotre Dame des 
 Victoires, in the Lower Town ; as also, in the Lower 
 
ROUTE NO, 1^, ^CANADIAN 
 
 253 
 
 Town, the Exchange, Custom House, Alarine Hos- 
 pital, Post Office, and many of the most extensive 
 commercial establishments. It is worthy of remark 
 that Quebec, even more than Montreal, has a large 
 French admixture, and that in some of the quarters 
 many of the lower Parisian dwellings and habits 
 may be seen duplicated. Among the principal 
 streets are St. Louis j HAuteidl (near the Espla- 
 nade, with many fine residences) ; St Louis Road 
 (from the Gate of the same name ) ; St Peter 
 (Lower Town) — commercial. Principal Cemetery: 
 Mt Hermon, elevated and handsome. Leading 
 Hotels : the St Louis and Russell House. 
 
 [Connections: south westward to Richmond and 
 Mokteeal, by route just traversed; southward by 
 the same route, by Kichmond, to Island Pond, 
 PoRTLAiSTD, the White Mountains, etc. ; eastward to 
 the Riviere du Loup. Also, by boat on the St. 
 Lawrence, to Mokteeal, etc.] 
 
 Of short Excursions from Quebec, the most im- 
 portant are those to the Falls of Moktmoeexci, 
 noble broken cascade, with fine surrounding scenery, 
 reached in drive from the city, through Beaujoort 
 (seat of the Provincial Lunatic Asylum) ; to Lor cite, 
 a famous Indian Village, very popular for tourists, 
 and with a world of Indian goods for sale ; to Cape 
 Rouge (‘‘ Carouge ^^), with fine river scenery ; to the 
 River and Falls of the Chaudiere, below the city (by 
 Point Levi) ; to Lalce St Charles, with fine scenery 
 and good angling. Something longer is that to the 
 
254 
 
 SHOET^TBIP GUIDE. 
 
 Falls of St. Anne^ which may, however, be taken in 
 connection with those of Montmorenci. 
 
 Division D. 
 
 QUEBEC TO EIYIEEE DU LOUP AND THE SAGUENAY 
 KIYER. 
 
 Leave Quebec by rail, by Point Levi, along the 
 south shore of the St. Lawrence, by Cliaudiere 
 Junction^ St. Thomas^ D Islet and other stations, to 
 Riviere clu Loup. 
 
 Or, better, if time will allow the additional day: 
 
 Leave Quebec by one of the steamers of the Cana- 
 dian Navigation Company (usual trips twice a week: 
 timely reference on this point to be made at the 
 hotel of stoppage, at Quebec.) First object of inter- 
 est, the large Island of Orleans, in the St. Law- 
 rence immediately below the city, with consid( rable 
 prosperity. The Falls of St. Anne referred 
 
 to), and Lake St. celebrated for fine front- 
 
 fishing, are both passed, at some miles below, tt ough 
 of course not visible from the boat. The first land- 
 ing is made at 
 
 Muerat Bay, on the north shore, pleasan 1; vil- 
 lage and attractive watering-place, much resorfed to 
 by Canadian families, and with good accomodation. 
 Going on by steamer, an hour and a half latrr is 
 reached 
 
 PiiYiERE DU Loup, on the southern side of the 
 now rapidly-widening St. Lawrence — terminus of 
 
BOUTE NO. n.---GANABIAN. 
 
 255 
 
 the easternmost branch of the Grand Trunk road, 
 [Connection by rail, southwest to Cliaudiere Junc- 
 tion, for Quebec; or thence to Richmond, for 
 Mo]N'treal, or south to Island Pond for Portland 
 or the AYhite Mountains], [Prom Riviere du Loup, 
 visit is paid, by stage, to the favorite watering- 
 . place of 
 
 Cacouna, with fine bathing, fishing, and much 
 fashionable resort.] 
 
 Leaving Riviere du Loup, again by steamer, 
 the St. Lawrence is recrossed, to the entrance of 
 the 
 
 SAGUEi^AY River, with scenery of such grand 
 and stupendous wildness as is seldom encountered 
 on either continent ; the almost perpendicular cliffs 
 at many points, and the great height of the border- 
 ing hills, combining with the darkness of the water, 
 the frequent waterfalls, and the general aspect of 
 /Wild desolation, to awe as well as enrapture. At 
 very near the entrance of the river is passed the 
 ‘Very old village of Tadoussac; and not long after, 
 the little cove containing a fishing station, called 
 ' VAnce a VEau.' The next points of interest 
 { reached, are the two frightful over-hanging cliff- 
 ^ mountains. Cape Eternity and Cape Trinity, be- 
 neath which, from the apprehension that they may 
 : fall at any moment, the tourist has no wish to re- 
 (imain for any long period, while the water seems 
 black as ink, from the shadows. Statue Point and 
 ‘ the Tableau are other points of special interest, ap- 
 
256 
 
 SnOET’TRIP GUIDE. 
 
 proaching Ha Ha Bay, a beautiful yillage, amid | 
 softened scenery, where the route terminates. * 
 
 Eeturn by steamer to Riviere du Loup, whence 
 rail to Quebec, or to Chaudiere Junction for pro- , 
 ceeding southward. 
 
ROUTE NO, 20 -CANADIAN. 
 
 NIAGARA FALLS TO TORONTO, MONTREAL AN1> 
 QUEBEC, BY STEAMERS; WITH DIREC- 
 TION TO OTHER CITIES OF BRITISH 
 POSSESSIONS. 
 
 Leave Niagara Falls (Suspension Bridge), by 
 train to Lewiston^ small town on the American 
 shore of the Niagara Kiver (Queenston, larger 
 town, on the Canadian side, opposite, with monu- 
 ment to the British General Brock, killed there in 
 battle in 1812). 
 
 At Lewiston take Toronto boat (twice daily), on 
 the Niagara river, with stop at 
 Niagara (Village), place of embarkation for 
 other passengers from Falls by rail on the 'American 
 side. Immediately below Niagara are passed Fort 
 Niagara, on American side, and Fort Massasauga, 
 on Canadian. Soon after, passing from the Eiver 
 into Lake Ontario, with short sail to 
 Toronto (See Koute No 19). 
 
 At Toronto take Eoyal Mail steamer for Montreal 
 (every day, in connection with boat and train). 
 Several hours’ sail along the Lake, with shore-views, 
 principally north — to 
 Kingston. (See Eoute No. 19). 
 
 (Or, leave Niagara by rail, as in Eoute No. 19, to 
 
258 
 
 8H0BT-TBIP GUIDE. 
 
 Hamilton, Torojs'to and Kingston, first taking boat 
 here, at very early morning or afternoon). 
 
 At Kingston tlie Lake narrows to become yirtu- 
 ally the St. Lawrence Eiver, though, still very wide, 
 and called the Lake of the Thousand Islands,” as 
 containing the celebrated 
 
 Thousand Islands, said to number nearly twice as 
 many, and certainly studding the stream very thick- 
 ly, in rough-tree-crowned, wild and picturesque 
 beauty— there really seeming, at times, to be diffi- 
 culty in finding passage between them. 
 
 Leaving the Lake of the Thousand Islands, en- 
 tering the St. Lawrence proper, passing Ogdenslurg 
 on the American side, and Prescott, on the Cana- 
 dian (connection to Ottawa— see Koute No. 19),— 
 are soon entered the 
 
 Rapids of the St. Laiorence, among the most ex 
 tended and notable to be found in any river on the 
 globe, and some of them startling to the inexpe- 
 rienced who mark the rapid rush of the water and 
 the sharp inclination of the boat, at the worst mo- 
 ments; though the amount of danger involved, 
 with good boats and the inevitable skilful pilot- 
 age, must be almost nothing, as accidents are liter- 
 ally unheard of. The different Eapids follow each 
 other in the succession named : the Gallopes (4) ; the 
 Plate ; the Depleau ; the Long Sault ; the Coteau ; 
 the Cedars (considered by many the finest ) ; the 
 Cascades; and the Lachine (shortest of all, but 
 more ' sensational than any of the others). Im- 
 
ROUTE NO. 2^.— CANADIAN. 
 
 259 
 
 mediately after passing the Lachine, is in sight, and 
 soon after reached, 
 
 Mo^sttreal. (See Eoiite No. 19). 
 
 From Montreal (every evening) by boats of the 
 Richelieu Company, making the whole passage dar- 
 ing the night (little interesting scenery offering), 
 and landing in the morning at 
 
 Quebec. (See Route No. 19; as also for excur- 
 sion to Riviere du Loup and the Saguenay River). 
 
 SKELETON ROUTES TO OTHER TOW^^S OR BRITISH 
 POSSESSIONS. 
 
 IIalipax, Capital of Nova Scotia. Reached by 
 steamers of the Allan line, from Montreal or Port- 
 land ; or by packet-steamer or rail from Portland ; 
 or from St. John, N. B., by steamer to Windsor, 
 N. S., and rail thence to Halifax. Hotels : the 
 Waverleyj Stewards, Halifax, and International 
 St. John, New Brunswick. From Boston, by 
 steamer, or from Portland by rail. From Halifax by 
 rail and steamer, by Windsor, N. S. Hotels : JTatf^ 
 erley and Stulbs\ 
 
 Fredericton, Capital of New Brunswick. From 
 Boston, by steamer to St. John's, and rail, or rail 
 from Portland. 
 
 Windsor, Nova Scotia. By rail from Halifax. 
 Sidney, Cape Breton. By boat from Halifax, il 
 Shediac, New Brunswick. By rail from St. John,^ 
 N. B. ; also by steamer from Quebec. 
 
 Charlotte Town, Prince Edward’s Island. By 
 
8C0 
 
 SnOBT TRIP GUIDE. 
 
 rail from St. John, U. B., to Shediac, IN’. B. ; thence 
 boat. 
 
 PiCTOtJ, Nova Scotia. By rail from St. John, 
 N. B., to Sliediac, N. B. ; thence boat. 
 
 Bathtjest, New Brunswick. By boat from She- 
 diac ; also from Quebec. 
 
aOUTE NO. 2 h FAR^ WESTERN iSEMhSKELETON.) 
 
 CHICAGO TO OltAHA, SALT LAKE CITY, SAK FKAK* 
 CISCO, BIG TREES AKD YO-SEMITE YALLEY. 
 
 Division A, 
 
 CHICAGO TO OMAHA, BY OPTIONAL ROUTES. 
 
 By Chicago^ Burlington and Quincy road. 
 
 Leave Chicago by the Chicago, Burlington & 
 Quincy E. E., by Aurora, on Fox Eiver (connection 
 west to Freeport and Dubuque via 111. Central E. E. 
 — also by branches to Geneva, Batavia, Rockford, 
 £c.); by Mendota, seat of Mendota College and of 
 Wesleyan Seminary; by Princeton, Galva, Galesburg 
 (connection east to Peoria, southwest to Quincy, 
 Hannibal, and all points in Texas, Kansas and Col- 
 orado); by Monmouth to 
 
 Burlington, on the Mississippi river, one of the 
 largest and most important towns of Iowa, with fine 
 river scenery, extensive commerce, by river and other- 
 wise, seat of Burlington University (Baptist), and a 
 great railway centre. [Connections very general; 
 principally by the Chicago, Burlington and Quincy 
 road and its branches; and by B. C. E. & N. E’y to 
 Cedar Eapids and all points in Minnesota ; and 
 Mississippi river may be ascended to Rock Island, 
 Dubuque, etc.; or descended to St. Louis, etc.] 
 
263 
 
 SHORT TRIP GUIDE. 
 
 From Burlington, still by C. B. & Q. R. R., by the 
 important stations of Ottumwa, [connections north, 
 to OsJcaloosa, southward and eastward to St. Louis, 
 etc.] ; Chariton, .Osceola, Creston, Red Oak, Pacific 
 Junction, etc., to' 
 
 Council Bluffs and Omaha. 
 
 Council Bluffs, on the eastern side of the Mis- 
 souri River. [Connections north to Sioux City, &c,; 
 south to Nebraska City (by branch), Lincoln, 
 Capital of Nebraska, St. Joseph, on the Missouri 
 River, &c]. From Council Bluffs, bridge-transfer 
 (railroad), to Omaha. 
 
 By Chicago and North- Western road. 
 
 Leave Chicago by Chicago and North-Western 
 road, to 
 
 function [connection north-westward to Mai>i- 
 son; Avestward to Dunleith and Dubuque']. Junc- 
 tion, by Geneva and other stations, to 
 
 Dixon [connection northward to Freeport; south- 
 ward to Bloomington, Sprinofield, Alton and St. 
 Louis]. By other stations to 
 
 Sterling [connfection south-westward to Rock 
 Island]; to 
 
 Clinton, on the Mississippi River, entering the 
 State of Iowa [river connections north and south. 
 Connections to Dubuque, McGregor, Prairie du 
 Chien and Lacrosse]. Clinton, by various stations, 
 to 
 
 Cedak Rapids, railway centre on the Cedar 
 River, [Connections, northeast to Dubuque ; north 
 
ROUTE 21. ---FAR WESTERK 
 
 to Waterloo, Austin and St. Paul ; south to Bur- 
 lington and Keokuk]. Cedar Eapids, by various 
 other stations, to 
 
 Marshall, [connections northward to Alason City, 
 Austin and St, Paul; southward to Ottumwa, Keo- 
 kuk, &c.]; to Boone, thriving town and coal centre? 
 to 
 
 Grand Junction [connection north to Fort Bodge\ 
 Grand Junction, by many other stations, through 
 the Valley of the Des Moines, to 
 
 Missouri Valley Junction. (Minor connections 
 north to Sioux City; westward by California Junc- 
 tion, across the Missouri Eiver to Fremont and the 
 Union Pacific road, for California and the Pacific 
 coast]. By other stations to 
 . Council Bluffs, on the eastern side of the Mis- 
 souri Eiver. [See Chicago, Burlington and Quincy 
 route over the same distance, immediately preced- 
 ing.] From Council Bluffs, bridge- transfer (railroad) 
 to Omaha, 
 
 By Chicago and Rock Island road. 
 
 Leave Chicago by the Chicago and Eock Island 
 road ; by Englewood [connections eastward to all 
 cities on the Michigan Southern and Lake Shore 
 roads; southeastward to Fort Wayne, PiUshurg, &c.] 
 By other stations to 
 
 Joliet, large town on the Des Moines Eiver, with 
 State Penitentiary, extensive stone-quarries, &c. 
 [Connections, eastward to Michigan Southern and 
 
264 
 
 8H0BT TEIP GUIDE. 
 
 Lake Shore roads; south westward to Bloominglon 
 and Springfield; also by canal with Chicago]. By 
 other stations to 
 
 La Salle, flourishing town and coal centre on the 
 Illinois river. [Connections, north to -Mendota and 
 Freeport, south to Bloomington and Springfield, by 
 Illinois Central road; also by steamer to St. Louis]. 
 La Salle, by Bureau, [connection southward to 
 Peoria'] ; by Pond Greek, and other minor stations, 
 to 
 
 Kock Island, important town on the Mississippi, 
 with extensive manufactures and river trade. [Con- 
 nections northeast to Freeport, etc.; southeast to 
 Peoria; south to Alton and St. Louis; also by steam- 
 boat to St. Louis]. From Eock Island,, by bridge 
 over the Mississippi, to 
 
 Davenport (Iowa) large town on the western 
 bank of that river, with water power, manufactures, 
 Griswold and other Colleges, an 02')era House, etc. 
 [Connections, substantially same as Eock Island]. 
 Davenport to Wilton, [connection southwestward to 
 Muscatine, Washington, and the Kansas Pacific 
 road; to Moscow [connection, by Ashland, with Des 
 Moines Valley road] ; to 
 
 West Liberty [connection south to Burlington; 
 nortli to Cedar Papids., etc.] ; to 
 
 loica City, on the Iowa river, formerly capital of 
 the State, and now with State University, manufac- 
 tures, etc. By other stations to Grinnell, seat of 
 Iowa College [connections north to Mason City, 
 etc.; south to Ottumwa^ etc.] By other stations to 
 
ROUTE NO. 21. ---FAR WESTERN 
 
 265 
 
 Des Moines, capital of tbe State of Iowa, thriving 
 manufacturing town and coal centre, at the conflu- 
 ence of Des Moines and Raccoon river, with magnifi- 
 cent State House in course of erection, [Connec- 
 tions, northwest to Fort Dodge and Sioux City; 
 southeast to Ottumwa, Keokuk, etc.] Des Moines, 
 by Dexter, Casey, Atlantic, and other stations, to 
 
 Council Bluffs and Omiha. (See route Chicago, 
 Burlington and Quincy route over the same distance, 
 lately preceding.) 
 
 Division B, 
 
 OMAHA TO OGDEN, SALT LAKE CITY, AND SAN 
 FRANCISCO. 
 
 Omaha, Nebraska, on the western side of the Mis- 
 souri river, opposite Council Bluffs, well located, and 
 unprecedentedly rapid in growth, though deriving 
 its principal importance from the great Pacific 
 transit through it, and the commercial supply of a 
 wide section, making it the central point between 
 Chicago and San Francisco. Communication with 
 Council Bluffs by ferry boat, and by the magnificent 
 iron bridge now crossing the Missouri [Connec- 
 tions: (besides the routes just traversed) southeast 
 to Ottumwa, Keokuk, Burlinglton and St. Louis, by 
 the Chicago, Burlington and Qaincy; north to Cali- 
 fornia Junction and Sioux City; south to St. Joseph, 
 Kansas City and Topeka, capital of the State of 
 Kansas; etc.] 
 
 [Before proceeding westward from Omaha, on the 
 great Pacific route, a few observations are worthy of 
 
266 
 
 SHORT-TRIP GUIDE, 
 
 notice. First, no apprehensions of the length of 
 the road need be entertained, as to anything more 
 than easily-endnrable fatigue — the road, through- 
 out, from Omaha to the Pacific, being thoroughly 
 well laid, a large proportion of it straight and level, 
 and the moderate rate of speed making the motion 
 smooth and easy, so that reading, writing, card- 
 playing, conversation or eating (if lunch is carried), 
 are all practicable and easy throughout. Secmid, to 
 secure the full charm of the route, berths in the 
 Pullman Sleeping Carriages, advisable elsewhere, 
 are almost indispensable for the night-and-day 
 travel on the Union Pacific road, as ai^e the Silver 
 Palace Cars of the same character correspondingly 
 necessary beyond Ogden, on the Central Pacific 
 road. The cost of using these coaches, with freer 
 room and greater privileges by day and comfortable 
 sleeping-accommodations by night, will be found 
 but a trifle added to the price of tickets (only $8.0(>, 
 Omaha to Ogden ; $G.0Q, Ogden to the Pacific); and 
 no wiser additional outlay can be made, as no more 
 complete luxury can be found in any line of travel. 
 Third, the trains stop at convenient stations for 
 meals, which will be found good enough for all 
 practical purposes, and many excellent ; though 
 parties of several persons will probably add to their 
 comfort by taking lunch-baskets, prepared food, and 
 what drinks they may prefer, and having tables set 
 for them in the cars, at leisure, by the stewards or 
 porters. Fourth, at some portions of the long r>de 
 
ROUTE No. 2L^FAR WESTERN 
 
 267 
 
 there is always dust, and linen or other dusters (wraps) 
 are indispensable; while the same stout clothing 
 needed nearly all the year at San Francisco and 
 other places on the immediate Pacific coast, is often 
 found pleasant at that point of the route which 
 crosses the Kocky Mountains. Fifths to the intel- 
 ligent and observing, the ride is by no means monot- 
 onous, at least on the first crossing — the infinite 
 variety of scenery making such monotony impos- 
 sible. The first few hours from Omaha show the 
 Prairies, in perfection, with an absolute level, fer- 
 tility, though without wood, the Platte river on the 
 left, and a sea of living green; the second day 
 changes the prairies to the Plains, with less fertility, 
 some blufi*s, and low river scenery; while, also on 
 the second day, the snow-crested Eocky Mountains 
 are seen, the route of travel roughens, and the 
 mountains themselves are crossed ; to these succeed 
 the High Plains of Laramie; then the Desert, with 
 rocky bluflFs; then the Wahsatch Mountains, gener- 
 ally snow-crowned, and the grand scenery of Echo 
 and Weber Canons, penetrating through them, to 
 Ogden (with its detour of Salt Lake City). Beyond 
 Ogden occurs, first^ grand scenery on the left, of the 
 Wahsatch, the Great Salt Lake, etc.; then succeed 
 the Great American Desert, with its characteristics 
 of desolation indicated by the name — the Valley of 
 the Humboldt, with some approach to fertility- 
 followed by the Great Nevada Sandy Desert, more 
 desolate than any preceding, but curious in its 
 
268 
 
 • SHORT-miP GUIDE, 
 
 blufifs and rock formations. Then follow the noble 
 and wild scenery of the Sierra Nevada Mountains, 
 nearly always snow-crowned, the tremendous passes 
 over and around the summits of those mountains,* 
 with nearly forty miles of snow-sheds, views of the 
 great gold-mining sections and operations, the thril- 
 ling descent of the Sierras, to the English-looking 
 and fertile plains of California.] 
 
 The following table shows all the stations between 
 Omaha and San Francisco, on both the Union and 
 Central Pacific roads, with the distances from 
 Omaha, and the altitudes of all points above sea-'- 
 level. Those in capitals are the more important 
 stations; and in notes following, and marked by 
 reference letters (a, 5, c, etc.) will be found some of 
 the notable features of the route, the connections, etc. 
 General eating-stations are designated, in the notes, 
 by the initials G. E. S.” 
 
 Distances 
 
 from 
 
 OMAHA. 
 
 STATIONS. 
 
 Elevations. 
 
 
 OMAHA DEPOT 
 
 966 
 
 4 
 
 . . i Summit Siding 
 
 1142 
 
 10 
 
 Gilmore a 
 
 976 
 
 15 
 
 Papillon 
 
 972 
 
 29 
 
 Elkhorn h 
 
 1150 
 
 35 
 
 Valley 
 
 1120 
 
 47 
 
 Fremont c - 
 
 1176 
 
 54 
 
 Ketehum 
 
 1270 
 
 62 
 
 Noi th Pend d 
 
 1259 
 
 69 
 
 
 1359 
 
ROUTE NO. 21.— FAR WESTERN. 
 
 269 
 
 DiEtances 
 
 from 
 
 OMAHA. 
 
 STATIONS. 
 
 Elevations. 
 
 76 
 
 Schuyler 
 
 1335 
 
 84 
 
 Richland 
 
 1440 
 
 92 
 
 Columbus e 
 
 1432 
 
 90 
 
 Jackson 
 
 1470 
 
 109 
 
 Silver Creek 
 
 1534 
 
 121 
 
 Clark’s 
 
 1610 
 
 132 
 
 Lone Tree 
 
 1686 
 
 142 
 
 Chapman’s 
 
 1760 
 
 148 
 
 Lockwood 
 
 1800 
 
 154 
 
 . GRAND ISLAND e\ 
 
 1850 
 
 162 
 
 Alda 
 
 1907 
 
 172 
 
 Wood River 
 
 1974 
 
 183 
 
 Gibbon 
 
 2046 
 
 191 
 
 
 2106 
 
 201 
 
 Stevenson. 
 
 2170 
 
 212 
 
 Elm Creek 
 
 2241 
 
 221 
 
 Overton 
 
 2305 
 
 230 
 
 Plum Creek g 
 
 2370 
 
 240 
 
 Cayote 
 
 2440 
 
 250 
 
 
 2511 
 
 260 
 
 
 2570 
 
 268 
 
 
 2637 
 
 278 
 
 
 2695 
 
 285 
 
 
 2752 
 
 291 
 
 NORTH PLATTE i 
 
 2789 
 
 299 
 
 
 2882 
 
 308 
 
 
 2976 
 
 315 
 
 Dexter 
 
 3000 
 
 322 
 
 Alkali 
 
 3038 
 
 332 
 
 
 3105 
 
 342 
 
 
 3190 
 
 351 
 
 
 3266 
 
 361 
 
 
 3325 
 
 369 
 
 
 3421 
 
 377 
 
 
 3500 
 
 387 
 
 
 3702 
 
 897 
 
 
 3800 
 
 408 
 
 
 4022 
 
270 
 
 SnOET-TIilP GUIDE. 
 
 Distances 
 
 from 
 
 OMAUA. 
 
 STATIONS. 
 
 Elevations. 
 
 1 
 
 1 
 
 414 
 
 SIDNEY ?c 
 
 4073 
 
 423 
 
 Brownson 
 
 4200 
 
 433 
 
 Potter . - 
 
 4^370 
 
 442 
 
 Bennett 
 
 4580 
 
 451 
 
 Antelope 
 
 4712 
 
 463 
 
 Biishnell 
 
 4860 
 
 473 
 
 
 5026 
 
 484 
 
 Egbert 
 
 5272 
 
 496 
 
 Hillsdale m 
 
 5591 
 
 508 
 
 Archer 
 
 COOO 
 
 516 
 
 CHEYENNE n 
 
 6011 
 
 523 
 
 Hazard 
 
 6325 
 
 531 
 
 
 6724 
 
 536 
 
 Granite Canon 
 
 7298 
 
 542 
 
 Buford 
 
 7780 
 
 549 
 
 Sherman o 
 
 8242 
 
 558 
 
 .Harney 
 
 7857 
 
 564 
 
 Red Buttes 
 
 7336 
 
 570 
 
 ..Port Saunders 
 
 7163 
 
 573 
 
 LARAMIE p 
 
 7123 
 
 581 
 
 Howell 
 
 7090 
 
 587 
 
 Wyoming 
 
 7068 
 
 602 
 
 Cooper’s Lake 
 
 7044 
 
 606 
 
 Lookout 
 
 7169 
 
 638 
 
 Como 
 
 6680 
 
 645 
 
 Medicine Bow 
 
 6550 
 
 656 
 
 Carbon q 
 
 6750 
 
 662 
 
 Simpson. 
 
 6898 
 
 669 
 
 Percy r 
 
 6950 
 
 675 
 
 Dana 
 
 6875 
 
 680 
 
 St. Mary’s 
 
 6751 
 
 688 
 
 Walcott 
 
 6800 
 
 690 
 
 
 6840 
 
 704 
 
 
 6560 
 
 709 
 
 RAWLINS 
 
 6732 
 
 716 
 
 
 6821 
 
 723 
 
 
 600^^ 
 
 730 
 
 
 
ROUTE NO. 21.— FAR WESTERN. 
 
 271 
 
 Distances I 
 
 from 1 
 
 OMAHA. I 
 
 STATIONS. 
 
 Elevations. 
 
 737 
 
 
 7030 
 
 744 
 
 Latbam 
 
 6900 
 
 752 
 
 Wash-a*kie 
 
 6697 
 
 761 
 
 Red Desert 
 
 6710 
 
 775 
 
 Table Rock 
 
 6890 
 
 785 
 
 Bitter Creek 
 
 6685 
 
 794 
 
 Black Buttes 
 
 6600 
 
 798 
 
 Hallville 
 
 6590 
 
 805 
 
 Point of Rocks 
 
 6490 
 
 817 
 
 Salt Wells 
 
 6360 
 
 825 
 
 
 6300 
 
 831 
 
 
 6280 
 
 839 
 
 Lawrence 
 
 6200 
 
 845 
 
 GREEN RIVER u 
 
 6140 
 
 858 
 
 
 6340 
 
 867 
 
 
 6245 
 
 876 
 
 
 6270 
 
 887 
 
 Church Buttes w 
 
 6317 
 
 896 
 
 Hampton 
 
 6500 
 
 904 
 
 Carter x 
 
 6550 
 
 913 
 
 Bridjrer 
 
 6780 
 
 928 
 
 
 7123 
 
 937 
 
 
 6540 
 
 944 
 
 
 7835 
 
 950 
 
 
 6790 
 
 614 
 
 
 6810 
 
 623 
 
 
 6690 
 
 630 
 
 W^ileox 
 
 7033 
 
 957 
 
 EVANSTON, Utah y 
 
 6870 
 
 966 
 
 
 6879 
 
 975 
 
 Castle Rock z 
 
 6290 
 
 982 
 
 
 5974 
 
 991 
 
 
 5315 
 
 999 
 
 Weber Quarry 
 
 5250 
 
 1007 
 
 
 5130 
 
 1015 
 
 
 4963 
 
 1019 
 
 
 4870 
 
 1024 
 
 
 4560 
 
272 
 
 xn • 
 
 p s® 
 
 ^ 2 
 
 ft o 
 
 1032 
 
 1040 
 
 1055 
 
 1073 
 
 3084 
 
 1092 
 
 1105 
 
 1123 
 
 1139 
 
 1153 
 
 1178 
 
 1187 
 
 1197 
 
 1206 
 
 1215 
 
 1227 
 
 1236 
 
 1251 
 
 1259 
 
 1283 
 
 1297 
 
 1307 
 
 1319 
 
 1330 
 
 1339 
 
 1858 
 
 1368 
 
 1379 
 
 1391 
 
 1410 
 
 1434 
 
 1451 
 
 1472 
 
 1492 
 
 1514 
 
 1525 
 
 1541 
 
 1553 
 
 Jti 
 
 a 
 
 a 
 
 > 
 
 S 
 
 4340 
 
 4310 
 
 4294 
 
 4360 
 
 4943 
 
 4600 
 
 4290 
 
 4500 
 
 4821 
 
 4450 
 
 4400 
 
 4600 
 
 4800 
 
 5409 
 
 5964 
 
 6180 
 
 6115 
 
 5650 
 
 5418 
 
 5220 
 
 5100 
 
 5030 
 
 5000 
 
 4930 
 
 4870 
 
 4717 
 
 4665 
 
 4575 
 
 4534 
 
 4449 
 
 4419 
 
 4355 
 
 4354 
 
 4262 
 
 4206 
 
 4100 
 
 3955 
 
 3921 
 
 SHORT- TRIP GUIDE, 
 
 STATIONS. 
 
 OGDElSr aa 
 
 Bonneville 
 
 Corinne bb 
 
 Blue Creek 
 
 Promontory cc , ,, 
 
 Rozel 
 
 Monument dd..., 
 
 Kelton ee 
 
 Matlin. , ...... 
 
 Terrace 
 
 Lucin 
 
 Tecoma, Nevada. . . , 
 
 Montello ...... 
 
 Loray 
 
 TOANO ff 
 
 Pequop 
 
 Independence 
 
 Wells gg 
 
 Tulasco 
 
 Halleck 
 
 Osino Tih 
 
 .Elko a 
 
 Moleen 
 
 CAR LIN 4? 
 
 Palisade 4;* . ... 
 
 Be-o-wa-we 
 
 Shoshone 
 
 Ar^enta kk 
 
 Battle Mountain kk f . 
 
 Stone House 
 
 Golconda 
 
 WINNEMUCCA IL 
 
 Raspberry 
 
 Humboldt mm , , . . 
 
 Oreana 
 
 Lovelock’s 
 
 Brown’s 
 
 White Plains 
 
ROUTE NO. 21.— FAR WESTERN. 
 
 273 
 
 Distances 
 
 from 
 
 OMADA. 
 
 STATIONS. 
 
 Elevations. 
 
 1568 
 
 
 4098 
 
 1587 
 
 WADSWORlll nn 
 
 4104 
 
 1602 
 
 Clark’s 
 
 4290 
 
 1614 
 
 Vista 
 
 4400 
 
 4622 
 
 Reno 00 
 
 4525 
 
 1633 
 
 Verdi, California pp 
 
 4915 
 
 1648 
 
 .Boca 
 
 5560 
 
 1657 
 
 TRUCKEE qq 
 
 5866 
 
 167i 
 
 Summit rr. 
 
 7042 
 
 1684 
 
 Cisco 
 
 5911 
 
 1692 
 
 Emigrant Gap ss 
 
 5309 
 
 1697 
 
 Blue Canon 
 
 4700 
 
 1706 
 
 Alta 
 
 3625 
 
 1700 
 
 Dutch Flat 
 
 8425 
 
 1711 
 
 Gold Run tt 
 
 8245 
 
 1722 
 
 Coif ax uu 
 
 8448 
 
 1740 
 
 Auburn 
 
 1385 
 
 1745 
 
 NTewcastle 
 
 920 
 
 1754 
 
 Rocklin 
 
 269 
 
 1758 
 
 
 189 
 
 1768 
 
 
 76 
 
 1776 
 
 SACRAMENTO w 
 
 56 
 
 1803 
 
 Galt 
 
 73 
 
 1824 
 
 
 46 
 
 1834 
 
 
 48 
 
 1867 
 
 
 520 
 
 1893 
 
 
 148 
 
 1914 
 
 
 114 
 
 3909 
 
 Oakland zz 
 
 0 
 
 1914 
 
 .'....SAN FRANCISCO 
 
 0 
 
 NOTES. 
 
 a. Gibnore^ entrance of the Pa’'illon Yalley. 
 
 b. BUdwrUy entrance of the Platte Valley, and crossing 
 of the Elkhorn river. 
 
 c. Fremont^ connection with the Chicago and Nortb- 
 WeBtern road, by California Junction. Gi. E. S. 
 
S74 
 
 SnORT^TEIP QVIDE. 
 
 d. North Bend, with first views of the Platte river on t?*e 
 left. 
 
 e. Columbus^ with bridge across the Platte, and railroad 
 crossing the Loup Fork near. 
 
 ef . Grand Island, important station. G. E. S. 
 
 f. Kearney, supply station for Fort Kearney, in the to* 
 mediate neighborhood. 
 
 g. Plum Greek, scene of the Plum Creek Massacre of rail- 
 road employees, 1868. 
 
 h. McPherson, supply station for Fort McPherson on the 
 opposite side of the river. 
 
 i. North Platte, with extensive machine-shop of the rail- 
 way company. 
 
 j. Juleshurg, with Fort Sedgwick near — the place having 
 «ome activity and the reputation of being the wickedest in 
 the world, during the railway building, but now stripped 
 and in decay. 
 
 k. Sidney, important station, with railway repair-shops^ 
 and Sidney Barracks, military station, adjoining. G. E. S. 
 
 l. Pine Bluffs, with singular rock scenery in the neigh- 
 borhood. 
 
 m. . Hillsdale, with first views, near, of the Black Hills, 
 the snow-crowned peaks of the Rocky Mountains ; and 
 Pike’s Peak, Long’s and Spanish Peaks, of the Colorado 
 Mountains, often visible at the south-west, at the incredible 
 distance of 170 miles. 
 
 n. CrEEYENisrE, principal station between Omaha and 
 Ogden, with railway shops. Point of connection, by the 
 Denver Pacific road, with Denver ; and thence, by the Kan- 
 sas Pacific road, with Topeka, Lawrence and other Kansas 
 towns, and St. Lours. Also, by the road to Denver, and 
 stages thence, with Central City, Golden City, Pikers Peak, 
 and other mountain and mining centres of Colorado. Also, 
 central military station of the Plains, G. E. S. 
 
 o. Sherman, highest point of the railway over the Rocky 
 Mountains, and also highest railway-station in the world, 
 with altitude of 8,242 feet. 
 
 p. Laramie, important station, with railway machine- 
 shops, near the Korth Park on the south and the Black Hills 
 on the north, and very favorable for residence and mountain 
 rambles. G. E. S. 
 
 q. Carbon, with coal-mines in the neighborhood. 
 
 r. Percy, with fine views of Eik Mountain. 
 
 s. SL Mary's, with wild and rugged scenery in the vic^'*' . 
 itv, and a crossing of the Laramie river. 
 
ROUTE No. 21 .’-FaR WESTERN. 
 
 275 
 
 t. Greston, at the summit of the dividing-ridge of the 
 continent, though really lower than Sherman. 
 
 u. Green River^ thriving village, fording-place of the 
 old Overland Stage line, and with fine views of the Uintah 
 Mountains at the south, and the Wind River Mountains at 
 the north. G. E. S. 
 
 V. Bi'yan^ important station, and point of connection, by 
 stage, with the Sweet Water mining region and the once 
 popular South Pass of the Overland emigration. 
 
 w. Church Buttes^ with singular rock formations in the 
 neighborhood, giving it the name; and the chief place of 
 supply of the celebrated moss-agates of the section. 
 
 X. Carter^ supply station for Fort Bridger, near. 
 
 y. Emnston, new but thriving town of Utah, with repn- 
 tation for supplying the alkali bread, of peculiar excellence; 
 and the point at which, when available, the open “ observa» 
 tion car” is attached to the westward-bound train, for favor- 
 able views of the snow-crowned Wahsatch mountains, and 
 through Echo and Weber Canons. G. E. S. 
 
 z. Castle Rock, entrance to the grand rock scenery of 
 Echo Canon, and of Weber Canon, lollowing, with Pulpit 
 Rock, the Thousand Mile Tree, the Devil’s Gate, Devil’s 
 Siide^ and other notable features of one of the most remark- 
 able passes on the continent. 
 
 aa. Ogden, termination of the Union Pacific road, and 
 commencement of the Central Pacific; Mormon town of 
 some prosperity, and with grand scenery at the north, in 
 in Ogden and other Canons. Also, point of departure, by the 
 Utah Central railroad, for Salt Lake City (see that detour, 
 Division D, following), and for northern points by the Utah 
 Northern road. G. E. S. 
 
 bb. Corinne, important station near the Great Salt Lake, 
 with stage connection to the Lake, and by boat to Salt Lake 
 City ; also stage connection to Virginia:, Helena, and other 
 mountain and mining towns of Nevada and Montana. 
 
 cc. Proinontory — Promontory Point, so called from strange 
 rock protuberances near it ; the spot where the “ last spike’’ 
 of the connecting roads was driven on the 10th May, 1869, 
 and where the connection of the two roads was expected to 
 be made, until transferred to Ogden by Act of Congress. 
 
 dd. Monument, commencement of the Great American 
 Desert. 
 
 ee. Kelton, with connection by stage to Boise City, Rocky 
 Bar, and other mining sections in Idaho, and thence to citief 
 
 of Oregon. 
 
SHOUT-TRIP GVIHE. 
 
 s:o 
 
 ff. Toano, important station, at near the entrance to the 
 Humboldt Valley. G. E. S. 
 
 gg. Wells, with the Humboldt Wells and their fertile 
 oases in the neighborhood, and point of stage departure for 
 Pioche, Nevada, and northern mines. 
 
 hh. Osino, western termination of the Humboldt Valley, 
 ii. Elko, important station and thriving town of Nevada, 
 with stage and wagon connections to White Pine, Wyoming, 
 Cape District, and other mining districts. 
 
 jj. Carlin, another important station, and rival of Elko. 
 G. E. S. 
 
 jj*. Palisade, connection with Eureka and Palisade R. R., 
 and with stage for White Pine district. 
 
 kk. Armenia, with stage connections to Austin and Bel- 
 mont, and distributing trade to Reese river and White Pine 
 mining districts. 
 
 kk. Battle Mountain, G. E. S. Stage for Austin City, 
 Nevada. 
 
 11. Winnemucca, with railway shops and mining trade 
 and stage connection to Boise City, Paradise, Silver City, etc. 
 Also, virtual commencement of the Great Nevada Sandy 
 Desert. 
 
 mm. Humboldt, with bridge crossing of the Humboldt 
 river, and Sink of the Humboldt visible at the left. G. E. S. 
 
 nn. Wadsworth, western termination of the Great Nevada 
 Desert, and commencement of ascent of the Sierra Nevada 
 Mountains. Also, with extensive workshops, and with Pyra- 
 mid Lake at some twenty miles due northward. 
 
 oo. Reno, important station, on the Truckee river, and 
 great mining center of supplies and transportation, with 
 Virginia & Truckee R. R., to Carson City, Virginia City, 
 Gold Hill, Washoe, etc. 
 pp. Yerdi, point of entering California, 
 qq. Truckee, thriving town, with, numerous saw mills 
 and many characteristics of the early California towns. 
 Point of detour from the railway, by stage to Lake Tahoe, 
 15 miles southward (see Division E), and to Lake Homier, 
 at a short distance northward. Has fine mountain scenery 
 in the neighborhood, and thence westward up the Sierra, 
 though with many interruptions from the snow- sheds. Not 
 far westward from Truckee are caught noble views of Lake 
 Donner, lying far below, to the right. 
 
 rr. Summit, highest point of the railway over the Sierra 
 Nevada, almost always with much snow in the neighbor'- 
 hood, and surrounded by snow sheds. G E. S. 
 
 ss. Emigrant Gap, at and beyond which may be said to 
 commence the grand scenery of the descent of the Sierras, 
 
ROUTE NO. 21.— FAR WESTERN 
 
 21Qa 
 
 of wliicli the two most striking points are the great Ameri- 
 can Canon, and Cape Horn. 
 
 tt. Gold Ruriy in the neighborhood of which, from the 
 road, may be surveyed many of the effects and some of the 
 processes of hydraulic gold-mining in California. 
 
 uu. Colfax y important station, and point at which ceases 
 the very steep descent of the Sierras. G. E. S. 
 
 uu*. Junctioriy connection with Oregon Division for Marys- 
 ville, Chico, Red Bluff, and Redding. 
 
 vv. Sacramento, capital of California, lying on the Sa- 
 cramento river, with a very handsome Capitol not yet fin- 
 ished, a large amount of trade by river and otherwise, the 
 Tolo Bridge over the river. Central' Pacific Railway WorkSy 
 and many attractions as a residence. [Steamboat commu- 
 nication down the Sacramento river, by Amador y Beniciay 
 Vallejo y etc., supplying very pleasant transit to San Fran- 
 CISCO.] Connection with California Pacific R. R. G. E. S. 
 
 ww. Stockton y large town of the San Joaquin Valley, at 
 the head of navigation on the San Joaquin river, mining 
 emporium, wheat- center, and one of the points of departure 
 for the Big Trees of Calaveras, the Yo Semite Valley, etc., 
 Stockton & Copperopolis, and Stockton & Visalia R. R's., 
 for Milton and Oak Dale. 
 
 XX. Lathropy thriving town of San Joaquin Valley, point 
 of junction of the Visalia Division of the C. P. R. E., and 
 another of the favorite points of departure for the Yo 
 Semite. G. E. S. 
 
 yy. Niles y connection by branch rail to San JosCy pleasant 
 town south-east of San Francisco, thence to the latter city 
 by all rail. 
 
 zz. Oaklandy thriving town and favorite residence, cele- 
 brated for its growth of live oaks, and as being the site of 
 the University of California. Terminus of the Central 
 Pacific road, whence ferry to San Francisco. 
 
 Division O. 
 
 SAF FRANCISCO, WITH SHORT EXCURSIONS. 
 
 San Francisco, called the “Metropolis of the 
 Pacific,” as well as the “ Golden City,” lies on the 
 western side of the Bay of the same name, with 
 entrance to the Pacific Ocean through the “ Golden 
 Gate.” It is immense in trade and wealth, with 
 
27G5 
 
 SHOUT-TRIP GUIDR 
 
 singularly varied and sometimes-trying climate, and 
 a dashing enterprise unparalleled elsewhere. Cali-- 
 fornia, Montgomery, Clay, Bush, Washington, Kear- 
 ney, Stockton and Dupont, are among the principal 
 streets ; and Market street divides them between 
 north and south, as in Philadelphia. Montgomery 
 Avenue, recently opened, supplies one of the finest 
 thoroughfares through the city. Telegraph Hill, at 
 the northern side, gives a splendid view of the city 
 and harbor, and many of the distant mountains. 
 
 Among the leading Public Buildings are the Z7. 8, 
 Mint, new and magnificent, at Mission and Fifth 
 streets; the Custom House (with Post Office), Mer- 
 chants' Exchange, California street ; Nevada Bank ; 
 Safe Deposite Company's Building, &c. ; New City 
 Hall (building, Yerba Buena Park); U. S. Marine 
 Hospital, Mission street ; Roman Catholic Orphan 
 Asylum, Market street; St Ignatius College, Market 
 street, etc. Prominent Churches: Grace Church 
 (Epis.) ; Rev, Dr, Stone's; St, Mary's and St, Patrick's 
 Cathedrals (Cath.); Calvary Presbyterian; Fust Meth- 
 odist; First Baptist; Jeiuish Synagogue Emanuel; Mar- 
 iners' Church, etc. Leading Theatres : the California, 
 and two additional, of elegance and completeness, 
 recently erected. Chinese Theatres: Dupont street, 
 and Jackson street. Leading Hotels: the Occidental, 
 Palace, Cosmopolitan, Grand, Lick House, &c. 
 
 Other Features of Interest will be found, The 
 Chinese, whose head-quarters in the Western World 
 are at San Francisco, and in whose “ quarter,” ‘‘ Joss 
 House” or Temple, and Theatre, much experience 
 may be gained; Woodvjardis Gardens, wi!th very fine 
 
noxTTE m, 21.— iJMij westebn. 
 
 2765 
 
 collections in Natural History and a Hall for public 
 amusements; tlie City Water Works, etc. 
 
 Near Excursions will include those to Lone Moun- 
 tain Cemetery, with fine outlook, tombs of Broderick, 
 Col. Baker, and others ; to Golden Gate Park, re- 
 cently opened, and one of the just prides of the city; 
 to the Cliff House and Seal Bock, with the seals al- 
 ways crowning the latter (favorite drive or horse- 
 cars, with stages connecting) ; to the Ocean House 
 and Place Course, near the latter ; to the Hunter's 
 Point Dry Docks; to the Mission Dolores (street car) ; 
 to the Presidio, Fort Point, etc., (drive or street car); 
 and many others, locally directed, for longer sojourn- 
 ers. There are also ferries to Oakland, San Antonio, 
 Alameda, Contra Costa, San Quentin and Saucelito, 
 [Connections from San Francisco. By rail to 
 Saceamento, Marysville, Oroville, Shasta, (Shasta 
 Butte-Mountain) Vreka and other towns north ; to 
 Stockton, San Jose, Visalia, and other towns, and 
 New Almaden Mines, south ; eastward to Salt Lake 
 City, Omaha, and the East, by route just traversed. 
 (Eailway being laid, further north, to Oregon City, 
 PoETLAND, Vancouver, etc.) By river-steamer to 
 Saceamento. By sea-steamer on the Pacific, to 
 Monterey, St Luis, Santa Barbara, Acapulco, and 
 other towns on the Pacific, southward ; with con- 
 nection at Panama with the Panama Eailway and 
 steamers on the Atlantic from Aspinwall to New 
 Yoek. Also by sea-steamer north to Poetland and 
 other towns of Oregon. Also by sea-steamer to the 
 Sandwich Islands, with connection thence to Aus- 
 TEALiA. Also by Pacific Mail steamers to Japan 
 
SHOBT-TRIP GUIDE. 
 
 21M 
 
 and Chiita, with connections to British Ikdia^ 
 the Peninsular and Oriental steamers and overland 
 route to Egypt, Mediterranean and Europe.] 
 
 Division D. 
 
 DETOUR EROM OGDEH TO SALT LAKE CITY. 
 
 Leave Ogden by cars of the Utah Central Eail way, 
 down the Great Salt Lake Valley, with the Wahsatch 
 Mountains (a part of them always snow-crowned) 
 rising boldly on the left and forming the eastern 
 rim of the valley ; and the Great Salt Lake, with 
 encircling mountains and bold islands, forming the 
 western boundary. ’ The valley is very fertile, though 
 needing and receiving constant irrigation on account 
 of deficient rain ; and the Mormon farms and home- 
 steads line the eastern side of the valley, and nestle 
 under the mountains the whole distance. Passing 
 through the settlements of Kaysville, Farmington^ 
 CentrevilUy and Bountiful, at 36 miles from Ogden 
 is reached 
 
 Salt Lake City, lying at the southern extremity 
 of the fertile portion of the Valley, with marshy 
 ground extending for some miles southward from it 
 and westward to the lake. It is well laid out, with 
 broad and well-shaded streets, streams of water run- 
 ning through many of them, though little that is 
 complinaentary can be said of the houses, a large 
 proportion of them ill-built of adobe or wood. A 
 full view of the noble Wahsatch Range is com- 
 
nOUTE No. 21.— FAH western. 2766 
 
 manded from every portion of the town. Two 
 wagon roads, leading southward and eastward to the 
 mines and mountain settlements, enter the city at 
 the eastward, through Emigrant and Parley Oafions. 
 There is also stage connection from the City, for 
 ProvOy Fillmore^ San Bernardino, and other towns 
 in Lower California, and for StocMon and Rush 
 Valley in the West. Salt Lake City, from its com- 
 mencement, the home of the Mormon religion and 
 ascendancy, is now growing to be a great mining 
 exchange, its character becoming Gentilized and 
 revolutionized. 
 
 Among the most notable buildings in the city are 
 the Tabernacle, an immense, oval, round-roofed 
 structure, with very large organ and wonderfully 
 good acoustic properties, in which the denomi- 
 national services of the Mormons are held ; the Old 
 Tabernacle near the other, and much smaller, for use 
 in winter ; the Bee Hive and Lion Hotcses of Brigham 
 Young, standing near together, with the Eagle Gate 
 between them; the City Hall, a very creditable 
 structure ; the Theatre, one of the most commodious 
 in the West, and noted for the boxes devoted to 
 President Brigham Young’s extensive family ; the 
 foundations of the Temple, near the Tabernacle ; 
 some of the shops, with the Z. C. M. I.” (Zion’s 
 Co-operative Mercantile Institution) on their signs, 
 showing the Mormon proclivities of the dealers. The 
 principal business street is Mam or East Temple 
 street. Visits may profitably be paid to Camp 
 
276 / 
 
 SEOET-TEIP GUIDE. 
 
 Douglas^ the U. S, Military Station, three miles from 
 the city, eastward, on a fine elevated plateau under 
 the mountains ; to the Cemetery ^ north-east of the 
 city, and remarkable for being without shade ; to 
 the Tithmg Store^ where the denominational dues are 
 paid; to Ensign Pealc, for fine views: to the Warm 
 Springs^ the Hot Springs, the Canyons, etc., near 
 the City. Hotels : the Walher (new). Salt Lalce and 
 Townsend. 
 
 Eeturn to Ogden for pursuance of route westward. 
 
 Division E. 
 
 DETOUR TO LAKE TAHOE. 
 
 . For this halt is made at Truckee (see that point 
 in Division B) ; and the lying over of one train, or 
 one day, will allow of a hurried visit to it, though 
 much more time should be consumed. 
 
 From Truckee by stage fifteen miles, along the 
 banks of the bright little Truckee river the whole 
 distance, and over a very fair mountain road. An 
 object of great interest is passed on the way, and 
 should receive attention — the Tahoe Fisheries, at 
 which, in pools, fine trout of all sizes and ages may 
 be seen, while in a building adjoining, the whole 
 process of incubation is shown. 
 
 Lake Tahoe (often called by Californians ^^Lake 
 Bigler,^^ and so officially named), is undoubtedly 
 one of the most beautiful bodies of water in any land, 
 as it is the highest- lying large lake in the world. It 
 is thirty-two miles in length, by ten in breadth, and 
 
ROUTE NO, 21.— ZAi? WESTERN %Ug 
 
 lies bosomed in tlie snow-clad Sierras, wbich inclose 
 it on the east, south and west, noble pine forests 
 forming the border. The water of the lake is won-i^ 
 drously clear and blue, so that, when in repose, fish 
 and other objects can be readily discerned at a depth 
 of thirty or forty feet. It is also very cold, but has 
 the peculiarity of never freezing in winter — possibly 
 on account of the depth, which has been found to be 
 1,700 feet in the middle. 
 
 There are two small but commodious steamboats 
 on the lake, besides sail and row-boats ; and a variety 
 of excursions, in these, to Cornelian and Emerald 
 Bays, and other points of interest, may be made ; or 
 the whole lake may be ridden around by carriage, 
 passing the same Bays, Lake Valley, Tahoe City, 
 etc. Hotel : the Tahoe House. 
 
 Return to Truckee, for pursuing route by rail. 
 
 Lahe Bonner (much smaller than Tahoe, and seen 
 from the rail) may also be reached from Truckee in 
 a comparatively brief ride by carriage. 
 
 Division F. 
 
 TO THE BIG TREES AIID YO-SEillTE VALLEY. 
 
 For this double visit (the two great natural curi- 
 osities lying in such directions that they should be 
 taken in connection), several difierent routes offer ^ 
 themselves to the tourist. To the Yo-Semite, with- ' 
 out the Calaveras Big Trees being always considered, 
 three principal routes are in popular use, known as 
 
27m 
 
 SHORT^TBIP GUIDE. 
 
 the ‘^Big Oak Flat/^ the Coultemlle^^ and the 
 
 Mai'iposa routes. 
 
 Big Oah Flat Route. 
 
 The easiest route is considered to he the Big Oak 
 Flat,” the upper or north route. For this, the point 
 of departure is Stocktok, and the Big Trees of Cala- 
 veras lie very nearly on the way to the Valley. 
 
 Leave Stockton by cars of the Copperopolis road, 
 to Peters\ and (with change) to Milton. At Milton 
 take stages for Murphy^ s (Hotel, at Murphy’s Camp), 
 reached the same night. Proceed next day, by stage, 
 fifteen miles, to the 
 
 Big Teee Geoye of Calayeeas, where the 
 Sequoia gigantea may be seen in their matchless 
 glory, largest of all the arboreal products of earth. 
 In the Mammoth Grove proper, there are nearly 100 
 trees, amid other trees that would be gigantic else- 
 where ; the heights of those standing ranging from 
 180 to 350 feet, circumference from 30 to 93 feet; 
 estimated ages, from 1,400 to 2,500 years. Most of 
 the largest are named after distinguished statesmen 
 and generals. On the smoothed stump of one of the 
 largest, now covered with a building, in front of the 
 hotel, sixty persons have danced in a set ; and through 
 ,the hollow remains of the fallen ‘^Father of the 
 ' Forest,” believed to have measured 420 feet in height, 
 tail men walk erect and short ones ride on horse- 
 back. The largest still standing erect, the Mother 
 of the Forest,” is dead and naked of its salable bark^ 
 
ROUTE NO. 21.--FAR WESTERN 
 
 270i 
 
 some portions of which measured 30 inches in thick- 
 ness. (Hotel, at the Calayeras Grove, the Mammoth 
 Grove House.) 
 
 Six miles distant from the Mammoth Grovo 
 (reached on horseback). is the South Grove^oi which 
 some of the trees are alleged to be larger than any 
 of the others, while the number reaches over 1,300. 
 
 Eeturn to Murphy's from the Big Trees, and pro- 
 ceed thence, next morning, by stage, to Sonora, 
 Chinese Camp, Garote, Big Oah Flat, Hardings and 
 HodgdorHs, to Hutchings^ (Hotel), in the Valley, two 
 days being consumed in the transit from Murphy’s, 
 with only eighteen miles of saddle. This brings the 
 now celebrated 
 
 Yo-Semite Valley, on the Merced river, with 
 scenery alleged to be more grand than any other on 
 the globe, in many particulars. Special points of 
 interest: El Capitan, gigantic separated rock; the 
 Three Brothers, also rocks; the Bridal- Veil Fall, 
 940 feet; the Royal Arches, rocks; the Great- Yose- 
 mite Fall, in three leaps of 1,600, 434, and GOO feet; 
 the North and South Domes, rocks ; Mirror LaTce ; 
 and the stupendous but frightful view of the whole 
 Valley, from Inspiration Point. (Depend upon 
 guide, necessary and always in readiness, for route 
 and particulars.) Hotels at the Valley: Hutchings\ 
 Lydig^s, and BlacFs. Proceed to ClarFs, and thence 
 make detour, a few miles, to the 
 
 75ig Trees of Mariposa, with no less than 427 
 of the monsters, varying from twenty to thirty-four 
 
SEOET-^TBIP GUIDE. 
 
 2TQ; 
 
 feet in diameter, and from 275 to 325 feet in height 
 — many of them estimated to he 1,500 to 2,500 years 
 old. 
 
 Eeturn may he made from the Valley, hy the same 
 route hy which it W’as entered, with the exception of 
 not returning to Murphy’s, on the way hack to 
 Stockton, and thus shortening the ride. But, un- 
 less special reasons offer for such a course, a greater 
 variety of scenery will he secured, hy adopting the 
 reverse of one of the other following routes ; or, if 
 the visitor has entered the Valley hy either of the 
 following, the same advant^^'es, with the glance at 
 the Big Trees, will he secured hy coming out hy the 
 reverse of the preceding. 
 
 CouUerville Route. 
 
 For this route, whether proceeding eastward or 
 westward, the Central Pacific road is left at La- 
 THROP, cars being changed for Merced. Stage from 
 Merced to CouUerville^ and to GoMn^s Ranch ^ at 
 Crane’s Flat. From Gohin’s, saddle-train to Black's^ 
 in the Valley, with same features to he observed as 
 those noted in the previous route, though some 
 changes in the order of visiting them, from different 
 points of arrival. This route is considered to have 
 especial beauty in scenery along the route, as much 
 of it lies along the dividing ridge between the Tuo- 
 lumne and Merced rivers, giving fine views of the 
 Sierra Xevada, the Coast Eange, San Joaquin Val- 
 ley, etc. 
 
BOUTE NO. WESTERN 276A 
 
 Mo,ri;posa Route. 
 
 This route, the southernmost, is identical with the 
 Coulterville, in departure and detail, so far as Mer- 
 ced^ by rail. Thence stage to Snelling^s^ Hornitos, 
 Bear Valley^ White and HatclTs, and ClarJc and 
 Moore's. Thence into the Valley, by saddle, some 
 thirty miles — the distance on horseback being great- 
 er than by any of the other routes, but with the ad- 
 vantages claimed of bringing both the Mariposa Big 
 Trees and the stupendous view from Inspiration 
 Point, into more convenient access. 
 
 Two additional routes have lately been opened, 
 known as the Mohelumne Hill and Hamilton's New. 
 For the former, stage from Mohelumne Hill Station 
 of the Central Pacific road, to the Calaveras Big 
 Trees, and thence to the Yo-Semite Valley as by 
 the Big Oak Flat route; for the second, stage from 
 the railroad station at Galt^ by lone City and Val- 
 ley, Jackson, Mokelumne Hill and Railroad Flat, to 
 the Big Trees; and thence to the Yo-Semite as by 
 the Big Oak Flat route. 
 
 Division 0. 
 
 EXCURSIO][Sr TO THE GEYSERS 
 
 Visit may be paid to the wonderful steam-springs, 
 known as The Geysers, and considered as - among 
 the greatest of California curiosities— most conve- 
 niently by the following route : 
 
 Steamer from San Francisco (twice a day), or 
 from Sacramento, to 
 
2762 
 
 SEOBT-TBIP GUIDE. 
 
 Vallejo, (pronounced Val-lay-o”), [see ^^vy./’ 
 p. 276a], important town on the Straits of Carqui- 
 nez, with Mare Island Navy Yard in the immediate 
 neighborhood, and terminus of the California Paci- 
 fic Railway. Thence rail on the Napa Valley Eail- 
 way, by Napa City (stage to Sonoma), St. Helena 
 (stage to White Sulphur Springs), and minor towns, 
 to 
 
 Calistoga (whence conveyance to Calistoga Springs, 
 Mount St. Helena, the Petrified Forest, etc.) From 
 Calistoga, Foss’ stages, daily, by Ray’s Ranch, God- 
 win’s Peak (with fine and very extensive view over 
 Russian River Valley, the Coast Range and distant 
 Pacific), and the picturesque ridge of Hog’s Back, 
 to the 
 
 'Great Geyser Canon and Springs, exhibiting some 
 of the most startling phenomena in nature, in the 
 wildness of the scenery, and the heat, varied mineral 
 impregnation, and terrific force of outburst, o£ the 
 various springs included. Among the most notable 
 exhibitions are those of the Witches’ Cauldron,” 
 throwing up mingled pitch and ink, with clouds of 
 steam ; the Steamboat Geyser,” throwing out steam 
 of the most intense heat, with such force as to imi- 
 tate the blowing off of the most powerful boiler; the 
 
 Scalding Steam Iron Bath;” the ‘^Mountain of 
 Fire,” with hundreds of vomiting fissures ; the Al- 
 kali Lake,” the Boiling Black Sulphur Springs,” 
 and many others that can only be intelligently or 
 even safely visited under capable guidance — the 
 
BOUTE NO. 21— FAB WE8TEEN. 
 
 276m 
 
 whole maintaining, and well deserving, the reputa- 
 tion of being one of the most interesting and alto- 
 gether the most diabolical, of the natural wonders of 
 the continent. 
 
 Division H. 
 
 RETUKIS'IKG EASTWARD PROM CALIPORKIA. 
 
 Overland return from California must necessarily 
 be made, until the completion of the Northern Paci- 
 fic road, and that of the California and Oregon road, 
 running northward to meet it at Portland — by the 
 same route pursued in going westward to the Paci- 
 fic, over the Central and Union Pacific roads, at least 
 so far as Cheyenne, Wyoming Territory ; and the 
 return ride will be by no means monotonous or with- 
 out use, so many of the points passed over needing 
 at least a second observation to measure them prop- 
 erly. 
 
 At Cheyenne, however (see ^^n,” p. 274), much 
 additional variety may be secured by taking the 
 Denver Pacific road to 
 
 Denver, capital of Colorado, as well as its com- 
 mercial centre, with much beauty in location, a 
 U. S. Branch Mint, magnificent views of the great 
 snow-capped Colorado mountains from the rail, the 
 city and neighborhood, and numerous rail and stage 
 connections with all the great mining-centres of the 
 territory. Golden City, Central City, Boulder City, 
 etc., and with New Mexico, Arizona, and the South- 
 West. It is also from Denver that excursions may 
 
276/1 
 
 mOBT-TEIP GUIDE, 
 
 best be arranged, to tbe famous Parks of Colorado, 
 to tbe best points of view of Pike’s, Long’s, the 
 Spanish Peaks, etc., among the grandest mountains 
 of the central continent. 
 
 From Denver the route eastward maybe pursued, 
 by the Kansas Pacific road, by Kit Carson, (Col.) 
 Sheridan, Fort Hays, Brookville, Salina (on the 
 Smoky Hill Fork of the Kansas), Junction City 
 (connection with the Missouri, Kansas and Texas 
 railway, southward), Manhattan, and other more-or- 
 less important towns of Kansas — to Topeka, capital 
 of that State, and Lawrence, seat of the State Uni- 
 versity, directly eastward, or by St. Joseph (‘^St 
 Joe”) important town of Missouri, and old starting- 
 point of the overland emigration — to St. Louis, for 
 pursuance of any route eastward, northward or 
 southward (see Eoute Ko. 14, p.- 223.) 
 
 [Of course, for the California-bound traveller 
 finding himself previously at St. Louis, and desiring 
 to traverse both routes, the course of this Division 
 will be reversed so far as Cheyenne, and tlie route 
 thence eastward to Omaha and Chicago, be taken on 
 tne return.] 
 
OFF-ROUTE AND MINOR PLACES. 
 
 [towns and other places not indexed or mentioned 
 
 IN ANY OF THE ROUTES, OR WITH OPTIONAL 
 ROUTE HERE INDICATED.] 
 
 Adrian fMich.) by rail from Detroit. 
 
 Afton (N". Y.) on Albany and Susquehanna road, from 
 Albany or Binghamton. 
 
 Allentown (N. J.) from Trenton or Bordentown. 
 
 Amenia (N. Y.) Harlem railroad from New York. 
 
 Amherst (Mass.) from New London by New London North- 
 ern road. 
 
 Ansonia (Ct.) from Bridgeport by Nangattick road. 
 
 Antktam [Battle Field] (Md.) from Harrisburg to Hagers- 
 town ; or from Harper’s Ferry. 
 
 Appleton (Wis.) by rail from Milwaukie. 
 
 Ashley Falls (Mass.) from Bridgeport by Housatonic road, 
 Aspinwall (Isthmus, for California) from New York by 
 Pacific Mail Steamers, 1st and 15th of every month. 
 Ashhurnham (Mass.) from Fitchburg. 
 
 Atchison (Kansas,) by rail from Kansas city, (see this list.) 
 Aurora (N. Y.) on Cayuga Lake, (see this list.) 
 
 Awn (N. Y.) by rail from Ho Chester or Batavia. 
 
 Bainbridge (N. Y.) on Albany and Susquehanna road, from 
 Albany or Binghamton, 
 
 Bath (Me.) by rail from Portland. 
 
 Bath (N. H.) from Wells River. 
 
 Bath (N. Y.) on Buffalo Division of Erie road, from Batavia 
 or Corning. 
 
 Baton Bouge (La.) by steamer from New Orleans. 
 
 Beaufort (S. C.) from Charleston. 
 
 Belfast (Me.) by rail from Water\nlle, (see this list.) 
 
278 
 
 SHOBT-TBIP GUIDE, 
 
 Bennington rail from Bellows Falls; or from Chat 
 
 ham Four Corners, (see this list.) 
 
 Benicia (Cal.) by boat from San Francisco. 
 
 Bethel (Me.) by rail from Portland or Gorham. 
 
 Bethel (Yt.) from White River Junction or Burlington. 
 Bethlehem (N. H.) from Littleton. 
 
 Beverly (Mass.) by rail from Salem. 
 
 Bolton [and Falls] (Yt.) from Ridley’s Station, (see this list.) 
 Booneville (Mo.) by rail from Jefferson City, (see this list); or 
 from St. Louis, by boat. 
 
 Booneville (N. Y.) from Utica. 
 
 Bowdoin College (Me.) at Brunswick, (see this list.) 
 
 Bradford (Yt.) by rail from Wells River or White River 
 Junction. 
 
 Brandon (Yt.) by rail from Rutland or Burlington. 
 
 Braintree (Mass.) from Boston by South Shore road. 
 Bridgewater (Mass.) from Boston by Old Colony road. 
 
 Bristol (Ct.) by rail from Waterbury, (see this list), or Provi- 
 dence. 
 
 Bristol (N. H.) from Concord by N. New Hampshire road. 
 Bristol (R. I.) by rail from Providence. 
 
 Brookfield^ (Ct.) from Bridgeport by Housatonic road. 
 Brunswick (Me.) by rail from Portland. 
 
 Canaan (Ot.) from Bridgeport by Housatonic road. 
 
 Cairo (N. Y.) by stage from Catskill. 
 
 GameVs Hump [Mountain] (Yt.) by carriage from Ridley’s 
 Station, (see this list.) 
 
 Canton (Mass.) by rail from Providence or Boston. 
 
 Carlisle (Pa.) by rail from Harrisburg. 
 
 Casey ville (111.) by rail from St. Louis. 
 
 Gastine (Me.) by boat from Belfast, (see this list.) 
 
 Garhondale (111.) by rail from Cairo. 
 
 Centralia (111.) by rail from Cairo or Chicago. 
 
 Ghateaugay Woods (N. Y.) from Rouse’s Point, or from 
 Plattgburg. 
 
OFF^BOUTE AND MINOR PLAGES. 279 
 
 UliaiJiam (N. J.) by Morris and Essex road from New York. 
 Cliaiham (N. Y.) Harlem railroad from New York, or Boston 
 and Albany road from Boston, 
 
 Cliarlemont (Mass.) from North Adams. 
 
 Charleston (S. C.) from New York by steamers twice a week 
 or oftener. 
 
 Cheat River (W. Va.) by rail from Wheeling ; or from Harp- 
 er’s Ferry. 
 
 Cheshire (Ct.) from New Haven by Northampton road. 
 
 Chester (Vt.) by rail from Bellows Falls. 
 
 Chicopee (Mass.) by rail from Springfield. 
 
 CMlicothe (0.) by rail from Cincinnati. 
 
 CirdevUle (O.) by rail from Cincinnati or Zanesville. 
 Clarendon [Springs'] (Yt.) by stage from Kutland. 
 
 Clarlcshiirg (W. Ya.) by rail from Harper’s Ferry; or from 
 Wheeling by Grafton. 
 
 Clifton Springs (N. Y.) on Auburn Branch of New York 
 Central road, from Syracuse or Kochester. 
 
 Coatesville (Pa.) from Philadelphia by Pennsylvania Central 
 road. 
 
 Collinsville (Ct.) from New Haven by Northampton road. 
 Cooperstown (N. Y.) by Susquehanna road from Albany. 
 Crawfordsville (Ind.) by rail from Indianapolis. 
 
 Croolced Lake (N. Y.) from Penn Yan, (see this list.) 
 
 Croton Falls (N. Y.) Harlem railroad from New York. 
 
 Dalles of St. Louis River (Minn.) by rail from St. Paul or Du- 
 luth. 
 
 Danbury (Ct.) from Norwalk. 
 
 Danielsonville (Ct.) by rail from New London or Worcester. 
 Deal (N. J.) from Long Branch. 
 
 Deerfield [and South'] (Mass ) by rail from Northampton, (see 
 this list.) 
 
 Delaware (O.) by rail from Columbus. 
 
 Derby (Ct.) from Bridgeport by Naugatuck road. 
 
 Dexter (Me.) by rail from Bangor. 
 
280 
 
 EHOET-^TEIP GUIDE, 
 
 \ 
 
 Dmer Plains {N. Y.) Ilarlem railroad from New York. 
 
 Downington (Pa.) from Philadelphia by Pcniisylvania Cen* 
 tral road. 
 
 Eastliavipton (Mass.) from New Haven by Williamsburg 
 road. 
 
 Eastpori (Me.) by steamer from Boston and from St. John’s, 
 ^ N. B. 
 
 Eatontmjon (N. J.) by New Jersey Southern road from New 
 York ; or New J ersey Central for Long Branch. 
 
 Effingham (Ind.) by rail from Terre Haute or St. Louis. 
 
 Engleioood (N. J.) from New York by Northern New Jersey 
 road. 
 
 Essex Xunction (Yt.) from Burlington. 
 
 Walls Village (Ct.) from Bridgeport by Housatonic road. 
 
 Warmingdale (N. J.) by New Jersey Southern road (boat and 
 rail) from New York. 
 
 Fitchburg (Mass.) by rail from Boston. 
 
 FitzwilUam (N. H.) by rail from Fitchburg, Mass. 
 
 Flint (Mich.) by rail from Detroit. 
 
 Morence (Mass.) from New Haven by Williamsburg road. 
 
 Flushing (L. I.) from New York by 34th street ferry and 
 Flushing railroad. 
 
 Fond du Lac (Wis.) by rail from Milwaukie or Duluth. 
 
 Fort William (Canada), by boat from Duluth. 
 
 Foxhorougli (Mass.) by rail from Providence or Boston. 
 
 Franklin (Ind.) by rail from Indianapolis. 
 
 Franklin (N. H.) from Concord by Northern New Hamp* 
 shire road. 
 
 Freehold (N. J.) from New York by Pennsylvania, N. J. 
 Central or N. J. Southern roads ; or from Long Branch. 
 
 Galreston (Texas), by steamer from New Orleans. 
 
 Gardiner (Me.) by rail from Portland. 
 
 Gettysburg (Pa.) by rail from Harrisburg, by York. 
 
 Glassboro (N. J.) by rail from Camden. 
 
 Gloucester (Mass.) by rail from Salem. 
 
OFF- ROUTE AND MINOB PLAGES. 
 
 281 
 
 Unifton (K II.) from Concord by IsT. New Hampshire road 
 
 Great Barrington (Mass.) from Bridgeport by Iloiisatonic 
 road. 
 
 Greenshurg (Pa.) from the Pennsylvania Central road at 
 Blairsville. 
 
 Greenfield (Mass.) from NewIIavenj by Northampton. 
 
 Green])ort (Long Island), from New York by Long Island 
 road. 
 
 Greenwich (Ct.) from New York by New Haven road. 
 
 Hackensack (N. J.) by Erie road from New York. 
 
 Hadley (Mass.) from Northampton, (see this list.) 
 
 Hagerstown (Md.) by rail from Baltimore, or Harrisburg by 
 Chambersburg. 
 
 Hamilton (O.) by rail from Cincinnati. 
 
 Hammondsport (N. Y.) on Crooked Lake, (see this list.) 
 
 Hannibal (Mo.) by rail from Springfield, 111.; or by rivex 
 from St. Louis. 
 
 Hanorev (N. H.) from White Kiver Junction. 
 
 Havana (Cuba) from New York by Atlantic Mail Steam' 
 ers, every Thursday ; and by Vera Cruz Steamers, everv 
 10 days. 
 
 Haydenville, (Mass.) from New Haven by Williamsburg road 
 
 Ilighgate Springs (Vt. ) from Eouse’s Point. 
 
 Eingliam (Mass.) from Boston by South Shore road. 
 
 Hinsdale (Vt.) opposite Brattleboro. 
 
 Holmdel (N. J.) by steamboat from New York to Keyport (see 
 this list,) thence by stage ; or N. J. Central E.R. 
 
 Holyoke (Mass.) by rail from Springfield. 
 
 Honesdale (Pa.) by rail from Lackawaxen, cn Erie Road. 
 
 Hoosac Tunnel (Mass.) from North Adams. 
 
 Housatonic (Mass.) from Bridgeport by Housatonic road. 
 
 Houston (Texas) by rail from Galveston (see this list.) 
 
 Howe's and Ball's Caves (N. Y.) from Schoharie (see this list.) 
 
 Ipswich (Mass.) by rail from Salem. 
 
 Isle Royal (Mich.) by boat from Duluth. 
 
283 
 
 SnORT-TBIP GUIDE. 
 
 Ithaca (N. Y.) on Cayuga Lake (see this list.) 
 
 Jacksonmlle (Florida) from Savannah. 
 
 Jacksonville (111.) by rail from Springfield. 
 
 Jamaica (Long Island) from New York by Long Island road. 
 Jefferson City (Mo.) by rail from St. Louis. 
 
 Jonesboro (111.) by rail from Cairo. 
 
 Kane (Pa.) from Ridgeway or Iiwineton, on Philadelphia and 
 Erie road. 
 
 Kansas Gity^ (Mo.) by rail from St. Louis, or from Omaha. 
 Kearsarge Mountain (N. H.) from Concord by Northern 
 New Hampshire road. 
 
 Keene (N. H.) by rail from Fitchburg or Bellows Falls. 
 Kenosha (Wis.) by rail from Chicago. 
 
 Kent (Ct.) from Bridgeport by Housatonic road. 
 
 Keyport (N. J.) by steamboat from New York, or N. J. Cen- 
 tral rail from Matawan. 
 
 KMingtan Peak (Vt.) from Rutland. 
 
 Knightstown (Ind.) by rail from Dayton (0.) or Indianapolis. 
 Lafayette (Ind.) by rail from Logansport. 
 
 Lake Dunmore (Vt.) by stage from Brandon (see this list.) 
 Lake Luzerne (N. Y.) from Saratoga. 
 
 Lake Pleasant (N. Y.) from Amsterdam, New York Centra] 
 road. 
 
 LaJee Temisconata (Canada) from Riviere du Loup by Grand 
 Portage road. 
 
 Lake Umbagog (Me.) frorn Gorham, N. H. 
 
 Lambertville (N. J.) from Trenton by Belvidere Delaware 
 road. 
 
 Lancaster (O.) by rail from Columbus or Zanesville. 
 
 Lawrence^ (Kansas) from Kansas City (see this list). 
 Lawrenceburg (Ind.) by rail from Cincinnati. 
 
 Leavenworth (Kansas), by rail from Kansas City (see this lish) 
 Lebanon (N. H.) from White River Junction. 
 
 Lee (Mass.) from Bridgeport by Housatonic road. 
 
 Lehigh Water-Gap and Lehighton (Pa.) from Easton by Le- 
 high Valley road. 
 
OFF-ROUTE AND MINOR PLAGES. 
 
 283 
 
 Lcno:c (Mass.) from Bridgeport by Uousatonic road ; or from 
 Albany by Boston and Albany road to Pittsfield. 
 Lf^'ington (Mo.) by rail from Sedalia and Jefferson City (see 
 this list). 
 
 Litchfield^ (Ct.) from Bridgeport by ISTaugatuck road. 
 
 Little Rock (Ark.) by rail from Memphis, Tenn. 
 
 Logan (0.) by rail from Columbus. 
 
 London (0.) by rail from Springfield. 
 
 Long Branch (N. J.) from New York by N. J. Central R.R., 
 or N. J. Southern, boat and rail. 
 
 I/adloio (Vt.) by rail from Bellows Falls. 
 
 MaNcinaw (Mich.) from Detroit, by boat. 
 
 Manchester (Ct.) by rail from Hartford. 
 
 Manchester (N. J.) by New Jersey Southern road from New 
 York. 
 
 Manchester (Yt.) by rail from Rutland. 
 
 Mansfield (Ct.) by rail from Hartford or Providence. 
 Marblehead (Mass.) by rail from Salem. 
 
 Marietta (O.) by rail from Wheeling. 
 
 Martha's Vineyard (Mass.) by steamer from New Bedford. 
 Martinsburg (W. Ya.) by rail from Harper's Perry. 
 Martinsmlle (Ind.) by rail from Indianapolis. 
 
 MoLSsena Springs (Canada), from Louisville, on the St. Law- 
 rence, near Prescott. 
 
 Matawan (N. J.) by rail from New York, on New Jersey 
 Central road for Long Branch (also Keyport). 
 
 Mauch Chunk (Pa.) from Easton by Lehigh Yalley road. 
 Maysrille (Ky.) by rail, or the Ohio river from Cincinnati. 
 Meadmlle (Pa.) from Corry, Oil-Regions. 
 
 Medford (Mass.) from Boston by Lowell road. 
 
 Middleboro (Mass.) from Boston by Old Colony road. 
 Middleburg (Yt.) by rail from Burlington. 
 
 Middletown (N. J.) by New Jersey Central rail for Long 
 Branch, from New York. 
 
284 
 
 BRORT-miP GUIDE. 
 
 Middletown (Pa.) from Harrisburg. 
 
 Milford (Ct.) from New York by New Haven road. 
 
 Milford (O.) by rail from Columbus. 
 
 Minnesota Lakes (Minn.) from St. Paul. 
 
 Missisquoi Springs (Vt.) from St. Albans, by stage, 
 
 Mitchell (Incl.) by rail from Louisville. 
 
 Mound City [and Mowndsl (111.) by rail from Cairo. 
 
 Monroe (Mich.) by rail from Detroit. 
 
 Montpelier (Vt.] from Burlington. 
 
 Mount Desert [and Rock and Islanll (Me.) by steamer from 
 Boston, Portland or Bangor. 
 
 Mount Diablo (Cal.) from San Francisco, by San Francisco 
 and Oregon Kailway, and connections. 
 
 Mount Holly (N. J.) by rail from Camden or Burlington. 
 
 Mount Holy olce (Mass.) from Northampton, (see this list.) 
 
 Mount Katahdin (Me.) by stage from Bangor ; or partially by 
 rail from same place. 
 
 Mount Mansfield (Vt.) by carriage from Waterbury, (see this 
 list.) 
 
 Mount Tom (Mass.) from Northampton, (see this list.) 
 
 Mount Vernon (N. Y.) from New York by New Haven 
 road. 
 
 Mount Vernon (0.) by rail from Newark. 
 
 Nantucket (Mass.) by steamer from New Bedford. 
 
 Narragansett Pier (R. I.) from Kingston, on Stonington and 
 Providence road. 
 
 Nassau (New Providence) from New York, by Atlantic Mail 
 steamers, irregularly. 
 
 New Britain (Ct.) by rail from "Waterbury (see this list) or 
 Providence. 
 
 Newburg (0.) by rail from Cleveland. 
 
 Newburg (Vt.) by rail from Wells River. 
 
 New Egypt (N. J.) by rail from Hightstown, Mt. Holly or 
 Burlington. 
 
 New Milford (Ct.) from Bridgeport by Housatonic road. 
 
OFF-EOITTE AND 3imOE PLAGES. 
 
 285 
 
 Ncio ITonmoiitli (N. J.) from Mew York by Mew Jersey Cen- 
 tral road for Long Branch — stage from Middletown. 
 
 New Orleans (La.) from Mew York by steamers, eveiy Satur 
 day or oftener. 
 
 New Philadelphia (O.) by rail from Pittsburg. 
 
 New Bochelle (M. Y.) from Mew York by Mew Haven road. . 
 
 Newtown^ (L. I.) from Mew York bj’’ 34th street ferry and 
 Flushing railroad. 
 
 Norfolk (Ya.) from Mew York by steamer, every Saturdaj" oi 
 oftener. 
 
 Normal (111.) by rail from Chicago. 
 
 North Adams (Mass.) from Bridgeport by Ilousatonic road, 
 or from Boston, Albany or Troy by Troy and Boston 
 roaa. 
 
 North Derby (Yt.) from Lenoxville, Canada, by Massiwippi 
 road. 
 
 Northampton^ (Mass.) by rail from Mew Haven. 
 
 North field (Mass.) from Mew London by Mew London Morthem 
 road. 
 
 Northfield (Yt.) from Burlington. 
 
 Northumberland (Pa.) from Harrisburg by Morthern Centra) 
 road. 
 
 Norwich (Yt.) by rail from White River Junction. 
 
 Oceanport (M. J.) by Mew Jersey Southern road from Mew 
 York ; or from Long Branch. 
 
 Oshkosh (Wis.) by rail from Milwaukie. 
 
 Otsego Lake (M. Y.) by Susquehanna road from Albany. 
 
 Otter Creek Falls (Yt.) from Yergennes (see this list.) 
 
 Oxford (Me.) by rail from Portland. 
 
 Oxford (O.) by rail from Cincinnati. 
 
 Owasco Lake (M. Y.) from Auburn (see this list.) 
 
 Parkesburg (Pa.) from Philadelphia by Penn. Central road. 
 
 Parkersburg^ (W. Ya.) by rail from Wheeling, or from Colum- 
 bus, O. 
 
 Passumpsic (Yt.) by rail from Wells River. 
 
 Plmnixville (Pa.) from Philadelphia by Reading road. . 
 
SnORT^TEIP GUIDE. 
 
 Patclwgue (Long Island) from New York by South Side road 
 
 Pemberton (N. J.) by rail from Hightstown, or from Camden 
 Burlington, or Long Branch. 
 
 Penn Tan (N. Y.) by Northern Central road, from Elmira. 
 
 Perth Amboy (N, J.), from New York byN. J. Central, Long 
 Branch line. 
 
 ’ Peru (Ind.) by rail from Logansport. 
 
 Pittsfield (Mass.) from Bridgeport by Housatonic road, or from 
 Albany or Boston by Boston and Albany road. 
 
 Piedmont (W. Va.) by Balt, and Ohio road from Harper’s 
 Ferry. 
 
 Piitsford (Vt.) by rail from Rutland. 
 
 Piqua (0.) by rail from Columbus. 
 
 PMnmlle (Gt.) from New Haven by Northampton road. 
 
 Pontiac (111.) by rail from Chicago. 
 
 Pontiac (Mich.) by rail from Detroit. 
 
 Port Uuron (Mich.) by rail from Detroit. 
 
 Port Kent (N. Y.) by boat on Lake Champlain, going to or 
 from Burlington, Vt. 
 
 Pottsmlle (Pa.) from Reading, 
 
 Poultney (Vt.) by rail from Rutland. 
 
 Putney (Vt.) by rail from Bellows Falls. 
 
 Quincy (Mass.) from Boston by Old Colony road. 
 
 Bacquette Regions (N. Y.) in connection with Adirondacks 
 fror^ Crown Point. 
 
 Ravenna (0.) by rail from Cleveland. 
 
 EeadviUe (Mass.) by rail from Providence or Boston. 
 
 Red Bank (N. J.) by New Jersey Central rail for Long 
 Branch, from New York ; or boat direct. 
 
 Ricemlle (N. J.) by New Jersey Southern road from New 
 York. 
 
 Richfield Springs (N. Y.) from Sharon Springs ; or fr(*m Utica 
 or Binghamton by the Utica, Chenango and Susquehan- 
 na road. 
 
 Richmond (Ind.) by rail from Xenia or Indianapolis. 
 
 Ridley's Station (Vt.) from Essex Junction, (see this list.; 
 
OFF^ROUTE AND MINOR PLACES, 
 
 287 
 
 Richmond (Ya.) from New York by steamer every Saturday 
 or oftener. 
 
 Rio Janiero (Brazil) from New York by United States and 
 Brazil steamers, 23rd of every month. 
 
 Rockville (Ct.) by rail from Hartford. 
 
 Rockville (Ind.) by rail from Terre Haute. 
 
 Royalton [and Soutli] (Yt.) from White River Junction. 
 
 Sacketfs Harbor (N. Y.) by rail from Rome, on New York 
 Central road. 
 
 Saginaw (Mich.) [and East] by rail from Detroit. 
 
 Salem (Ind ) by rail from Louisville. 
 
 Salem (N. J.) by rail from Camden. 
 
 Salem (N. Y.) by Troy and Boston road, from Troy. 
 
 Salisbury (Ct.) from Bridgeport by Housatonic road. 
 
 Salisbury [East and BeacK\ (Mass.) by rail from Salem. 
 
 San Francisco (Cal.) from New York by Pacific Mail steam- 
 ers, 1st and 15th of every month. 
 
 San Rafael and San Quentin (Cal.) by boat from San Fran- 
 cisco, and horse. 
 
 Sault Ste. Marie (Mich.) [Rapids and Carnal], by boat from De- 
 troit. 
 
 Savannah (Ga.) from New York by steamer several times a 
 week. [Connection for Florida cities.'] 
 
 Schoharie (N. Y.) on Albany and Susquehanna road, from 
 Albany or Binghamton. 
 
 Schuylkill Haven (Pa.) from Reading. 
 
 Scotch Plains (N. J.) by New Jersey Central road from New 
 York 
 
 . Seabrook (N. H.) from Boston or Portsmouth. 
 
 Sedalia (Mo.) by rail from St. Louis. 
 
 Seneca Lake (N. Y.) on Auburn Branch of New York Cen- 
 tral road, from Syracuse or Rochester. 
 
 Seymour (Ct.) from Bridgeport by Naugatuck road. 
 
 Shark River (N. J.) byNew Jersey Southern road from New 
 York. 
 
S88 
 
 SHORT-TRIP GUIDE 
 
 Shannon (Vt.) from Whit© Biver Junction, 
 
 Sheboygan (Wis.) by rail from Milwaukie. 
 
 SheUmme N. H. from Gorham. 
 
 Shelburne Falls (Mass.) from North Adams. 
 
 Shelby ville (Ind.) by rail from Indianapolis. 
 
 Sheffield (Mass.) from Bridgeport by Housatouic ’•^ad. 
 
 Sheffield (Pa.) from Ridgeway or Irvineton^ on Philadelphia 
 and Erie road. 
 
 Shrewsbury (N. J.) by New Jersey Southern road from New 
 York ; or N. J. Central, Long Branch line. 
 
 Skeneateles (N. Y.) on Auburn Branch of New York Central 
 road, from Syracuse or Rochester. 
 
 Sorel (Canada), by steamer from Quebec. 
 
 South Hadley (Mass.) by rail from Springfield. 
 
 South Paris (Me.) by rail from Portland. 
 
 Squall [Beach] (N. J.) by New eJ*Tsey Southern road from 
 New York to Shark River ^ thence stage. 
 
 Squankum (N. J.) by New Jersey Southern road from New 
 York. 
 
 Stafford (Ct.) by rail from Hartford or Providence. 
 
 Stanstcad (Canada), from Newport, Lake Memphremagog, oi 
 from Lennoxville. 
 
 St. Augustine (Florida), from Savannah, Ga. 
 
 St. Gha/rlts (Mo.) by rail from St. LouIb. 
 
 Sterling (Ct.) by rail from Hartford. 
 
 Stillwater (Minn.) from St. Paul. 
 
 St. John Falls (Canada), from Riviere du I^oup or from 
 Cacouna. 
 
 Si. J^hnsburg (Yt.) by rail from Wells River. 
 
 Stockhridge [and West] (Mass.) from Bridgeport by Housa- 
 tonic 1 oad. 
 
 Stratford (Ct.) from New York by New Haven road. 
 
 Si. Thomas (W. I ) from New York by Brazil steamers, 2od 
 of ©very month. 
 
 Sunbury (Pa.) from Harrisburg by Northern Central road. 
 
OFF-ROUTE AND MINOR PLAGES, 
 
 289 
 
 Superior City (Wis.) by boat from Detroit or Chicago. 
 Sutherland Falls (Yt.) by rail from liutland 
 Terryville (Ct.) by rail from Waterbury (see this list) or Pro- 
 vidence. 
 
 Thetford (Vt.) by rail from White Eiver Junction. 
 
 Thompson (Ct.) by rail from New London or Worcester. 
 Thunder Bay (Lake Superior) by boat from Duluth. 
 
 Tiffln (O.) by rail from Sandusky. 
 
 Tolland (Ct.) by rail from Hartford or Providence. 
 
 Tom's Rixer (N. J.) by New Jersey Southern road f’-om New 
 York. 
 
 Topeka (Kansas) from Kansas city (see this list.). 
 
 Troy (0.) by rail from Dayton. 
 
 Urhana (0.) by rail from Columbus. 
 
 Valley Fenye (Pa.) from Philadelphia, or from Heading. 
 Yandalia (Ind.) by rail from St. Louis. 
 
 Van Demenmlle (Mass.) from Bridgeport by Housatonio 
 road. 
 
 Vera Cruz (Mexico), from Nev^ York by Mexican mail steam- 
 ers, every 10 days. 
 
 Vergennes (Yt.) by rail from Burlington. 
 
 Vicksburg by river from New Orleans; or rail from 
 
 Jackson. 
 
 Waltham (Mass.) from Boston by Fitchburg road. 
 
 Warren (0.) by rail from Cleveland. 
 
 Warren (R. L) by rail from Providence. 
 
 Warren (Pa.) from Ridgeway or Irvineton, on Philadelphia 
 and Erie road. 
 
 Waterbury (Ct.) from Bridgeport by Nangatuck road. 
 Watertown (Mass.) from Boston by Fitchburg roado 
 Waterrille (Ct.) by rail from Waterbury, (see tliis list,) or 
 Providence. 
 
 Waterville (Me.) by rail from Portland by Augustt . 
 
 Watkins Glen (N. Y.) from Elmira, Erie road. 
 
 Waukegan (111.) by rail from Chicago. 
 
290 
 
 SHOBT-TBIP GUIDE. 
 
 Waukesha (Wis.) by rail from Milwaukee. 
 
 Wellmlle (O.) by Ohio river from Pittsburg. 
 
 West Burke (Vt ) by rail from Wells River. 
 
 Westfield (Mass.) from New Haven cy Williamsburg road. 
 Westminster (Vt.) by rail from Bellows Falls. 
 
 West Bandolyh (Vt.) from White River Junction or Burling- 
 ton. 
 
 Weymouth (Mass.) from Boston by South Shore road. 
 
 White Plains (N. Y.) Harlem railroad irom New York. 
 Wilke-sbarre (Pa.) from Easton by Lehigh Valley. 
 Williamshurg (Mass.) from New Haven by W. road. 
 Wdliamstown (Mass.) from Albany, Troy or Boston, by Troy 
 and Boston road. 
 
 WilUston (Vt.) from Essex Junction. 
 
 Willoughby Lake (Vt.) from West Burke, (see this list.) 
 Wilmington (0.) by rail from Cincinnati. 
 
 Winstead (Ct.) from Bridgeport by Nangatuck road. 
 
 Woburn [East] (Mass.) from Boston by Lowell road. 
 Wolcotville (Ct.) from Bridgeport by Nangatuck road. 
 Woodbury (N. J.) by rail from Camden. 
 
 Woodstock ( Vt.) from White River Junction. 
 
 Woodhridge (N. J.) from Rahway, by rail. 
 
 Woonsocket (R. I.) by rail from Providence or Worcester. 
 Wyandotte (Kansas,) opp. Kansas city (see this list). 
 Wyandotte (Mich.) from Detroit. 
 
 Wyoming (Minn.) by rail from St. Paul. ^ 
 
 Wyoming Valley (Pa.) from Scranton, by the Lackawanna 
 and Bloomsburg road. 
 
 Yankton (Dacotah), by the Missouri river from Sioux city. 
 Yellow Springs (O.) by rail from Xenia or Cincinnati. 
 
 For^* (Pa.) by rail. from Harrisburg. 
 
STEAMSHIP LINES AND BANKING-HOUSES, 
 
 STEAMSHIPS BETWEEN EUROPE AND AMERICA. 
 
 LINES BY QUEENSTOWN, LIVEUPOOL AND LONDON. 
 
 Inman Line. {Inman Steamship Company ^ limited.) 
 
 The three leadiDg vessels of this line, intended to run 
 during the passenger-season of 1877, are the Commodore's 
 ship, the City of Berlin,” one of the largest in the world, 
 and one of the speediest, if not the very speediest afloat, 
 while with comfort equalling and warranted by the size, — 
 the City of Richmond,” and “City of Chester,” only less in 
 tonnage and without other rivals as to speed and comfort, 
 while also exceptionally commanded. With these are still 
 associated, of course, when additional vessels are required, 
 the old and new favorites, the “Montreal,” “Brussels,” 
 “Paris,” “Brooklyn,” “New York,” “London,” “Ant- 
 werp,” &c., making up a fleet of large numbers and great 
 capacity. The announcement of this line will show the care 
 habitually taken to avoid northern latitudes, icebergs and 
 collisions. Sailings from New York, on Saturdays; from Liver- 
 pool on Thursdays ; and from Queenstown on Fridays. (For 
 Special announcement see oflScial card in its appropriate place.) 
 Guion Line. {Liverpool and Great Western Steamship Co.) 
 
 It has for some time been an admitted fact, that the Wil- 
 liams & Guion boats, especially of the later build, have es- 
 tablished a high reputation for comfort, convenience, and 
 sea-worthiness, and that they, consequently, deserve the pa- 
 tronage they receive. The ships of this line now number 
 the exceptionally large and powerful “Montana/' “Wyo- 
 ming,” “ W^isconsin,” “ Nevada,” and “Idaho,” everyone 
 of which has won commendation for sea-going qualities 
 and comfoit of the first order, while some of them are 
 among the very race- horses of the ocean for speed. The 
 U. S. Mail Service has added materially, as deserved, to 
 the capacity and popularity of a commendable line, con- 
 tinually growing better, year by year. Sailings from New 
 York on Tuesdays, and from Liverpool on Wednesdays. (For 
 special announcements see oflRcial card.) 
 
292 
 
 SnOBT-TRIP GUIDE. 
 
 National Line. {National Steam Navigation Company.) 
 
 With their boats always large and burthensome, self-in- 
 sured, and sailed oa lines especially calculated to avoid ice 
 and collisions; now the National Line not only make the well- 
 founded boast of employing the largest vessels in the trade, 
 but the rate of speed has wonderfully increased, and the 
 fleet can boast the presence of some of the speediest as well 
 as noblest vessels afloat. This is especially the case with the 
 
 Spain ” and the Egypt,” closely followed by the Italy,” 
 the “Greece,” “Canada,” “England,” “France,” “The 
 Queen,” &c. ; and h’gher commendation is seldom bestowed 
 upon passages by any line, than by old voyagers, on some 
 of the National ships during late years. Sailings from 
 New York on Saturdays; from Liverpool on Wednesdays ; 
 and from Queenstown on Thursdays. From New York for 
 London direct, every Saturday. 
 
 White Star Line. {Oceanic S. S. Go.) 
 
 Principal vessels employed, leaving New York on Satur- 
 days and Liverpool on Thursdays, the “Britannic,” “Ger- 
 manic,” “Celtic,” “ Adriatic,” &c. 
 
 Cunard Line. {British and North American Royal Mail 
 Steam Packet Company.) 
 
 Principal vessels employed, leaving New York on Wed- 
 nesdays and Liverpool on Saturdays, the “ Scythia,” “Both- 
 nia,” “Russia,” “Algeria,” “ Abyssinia,” &c. 
 
 LINES BY LONDONDERRY, GLASGOW AND LONDON. 
 
 Anchor Line. {Henderson Bros., New York: Handy side & 
 Henderson, Glasgow. ) 
 
 Principal vessels employed, leaving New York for Glasgow 
 every Saturday, the “ Devonia,” “ Circassia,” “ Anchoria,” 
 “Ethiopia,” “Bolivia,” “California,” “Victoria,” &c. ; for 
 London, every alternate Saturday, the “Alsatia,” “Anglia,” 
 “Australia,” “ Elysia,” “Utopia,” &c. 
 
 State Line to Glasgow, hy Larne. {Austin Baldwin & Co., 
 New York.) 
 
 Principal vessels employed, leaving New York on Thurs- 
 days, the “States” of “Indiana,” “Georgia,” PeuusyL 
 vania,” and “Virginia.” 
 
STEAMSHIPS AND BANKING-HOUSES. 298 
 
 LINE BY HAVRE AND PLYMOUTH. 
 
 French Line. {Com^iafjnie Gtnirale Transatlantique.) 
 
 Principal vessels of this line, now leaving New York for 
 Havre, by Plymouth, every Wednesday, with materially re- 
 duced rates, the “Pereire,” St. Laurent,” ‘‘Canada,” 
 “Labrador,” “Ville de Paris,” “St. Germain,” “Ameri- 
 que,” and “ France.” 
 
 LINE BY SOUTHAMPTON AND BREMEN. 
 
 • Bremen Line. .{North German Lloyd.) 
 
 We continue this year the list of vessels engaged in the 
 North German Lloyd service, by which it will be seen that 
 the fleet is one of the most extensive in the world, and the 
 connection almost literally world wide. The “ Rhein,” 
 “Main,” “Donau,” “Weser,” “Oder,” “Neckar,” “Mosel,” 
 and many other vessels of this line, have proved themselves 
 first favorites as to speed and sea going qualities, with excep- 
 tionally good accommodations and service, while especially 
 supplying a virtual connection direct to London (by South- 
 ampton); and all the old fa< ilities will be retained duringthe 
 current year. Sailings from New York to Bremen, ma 
 Southampton, on Saturdays, with others from Baltimore and 
 New Orleans. From Bremen for New York on Saturdays, 
 with c dl at Southampton on Tuesdays. 
 
 STEAMSHIPS TO CALIFORNIA, CHINA, AND INDIA. 
 
 LINES TO CALIFORNIA AND CHINA. 
 
 Pacific Mail and Panama Transit Steamship Sermce. 
 
 This magnificent line now employs one of the largf st fleets 
 in any service, and among the vessels many alike reflecting 
 credit on American ship-building, and supplying the extreme 
 of comfort in transit. Among the noblest of these are the 
 
 City of Peking,” and “ City of Tukio,” so much talked of 
 as illustrating the growth of American enterprise, with many 
 others only less commanding in size and appearance. Among 
 the connections with this California line, leaving foot of 
 Canal Street semi-monthly (see current time-tables), are those 
 
294 
 
 SHOBJ-TBIP GUIDE. 
 
 to Japan, China, Australia, New Zealand, British Columbia, 
 Oregon, &c ; and the enterprise, now managed hy Messrs. 
 W. P. Clyde & Co., nece&sarily commands even more than 
 the old confidence. 
 
 BANKING-HOUSES. 
 
 Exchange may be bought, Letters of Credit taken, and all 
 other financial business connected with European tours and 
 mercantile operations, safely and profitably transacted, as 
 well as many of the details of correspondence and require- 
 ments abroad — with the following first class houses, particu- 
 lars of whose special lines will be found in their announce- 
 ments. 
 
 Brown Brothers & Co., 59 Wall Street, New York, whose 
 very name suggests Liverpool, Parliament, British solidity 
 married to American thrift, the Bank of England, and every- 
 thing else connected with moneyed intercourse between the 
 nations, and who notably share in the supplying of foreign 
 credit as well as keeping up the true commercial status 
 between the continents ; 
 
 Morton, Bliss & Co., Broad Street, New York, in connec- 
 tion with Morton, Rose & Co., Bartholomew Lane, London, 
 who largely enjoy, with other leading houses named, the 
 confidence of the government in the arrangement of its 
 financial concerns abroad, and who have long since attained 
 a leading place in the corresponding confidence and patron- 
 age of the traveling community. 
 
 John Munroe cfc (76>., 8 Wall Street, New York, and No. 4 
 Post Ofldce Scjuare, Boston, who not only effect exchange for 
 thousands upon thousands of Europe bound travelers, but 
 lay them under obligations by care of their letters, free use 
 of reading-rooms, &c., at their banking-house. No. 7 Rue 
 Scribe, Paris, which has long been and will continue to be 
 one of the homes of Americans in that pleasant city, 
 always holding its position as the great European resort of 
 Americans. 
 
AMERICAN HOTELS FOR TRAVELERS, 
 
 AND SUMMER RESORTS. 
 
 [In the list of American Hotels following*, no attempt is 
 made at supplying a complete chain in any direction, though 
 such an arrangement may be gradually made in following 
 years. Of the Hotels, however, it is necessary to say that 
 none have place except such as have been personally tested, 
 and found well located and capable of supplying excellent 
 accommodation; and upon the special features ascribed to 
 each, the utmost dependence can be placed by all interested. 
 For locations, names of proprietors, &c., official cards must 
 be referred to. It will be observed that the alphabetical 
 arrangement of places has been adopted, as most convenient 
 for the traveler,] 
 
 Albany, N. Y. — Delavan House. — Stanwix Hall. 
 Baltimore, Md. — Mi. Vernon House. 
 
 Located in the most elevated and fashionable part of the 
 city and contiguous to the Union Depot, the Mount Vernon 
 Hotel is now open for the reception of guests, its appoint- 
 ments of the most modern and approved character, and its 
 tables furnished with every domestic and foreign luxury. 
 
 Balt. & Ohio E. E. Hotels. — Deer Parh, (&c. 
 
 One of the specialties of the Baltimore and Ohio Railroad, 
 elsewhere noticed as one of the leading trunk lines of the 
 United States, is to be found in the excellent line of Hotels 
 at different points of its route, erected, owned and managed 
 by the Company, and having the reputation of supplying 
 the very best of transient or resident accommodations. 
 Among those houses may be named the ‘‘ Deer Park Hotel,’’ 
 on the summit plateau of Big Savage Mountain (of the 
 Alleghenies, in Maryland), with great elevation, high repu- 
 tation as a health resoit, capital facilities for reaching, and 
 
29C 
 
 SnORT-TRIP GUIDE, 
 
 all the advantages; the ‘‘Queen City Hotel,” at Cumber- 
 land, Md.; and the “Viaduct Hotel,” at Relay Station, near 
 Baltimore. All are of the best, in location and manage- 
 ment ; and they add in no small degree to the travel reputa- 
 tion of the line. 
 
 Berkeley Springs, Ya. — The Pavilion. 
 
 As elsewhere noted, in the “ Special Virginian Tour,” the 
 Berkeley Springs are among the best known, as well as the 
 oldest in Virginia, having enjoyed the patronage and resi- 
 dence of Washington, Jefferson, and many others of the 
 old-time magnates. Of this very charming place the Pavil- 
 ion is the centre and chief resort, offering airy rooms, the 
 finest baths in the world, and profuse Virginia hospitality, in 
 a mountain-valley air equal to that of Florence. It passes, 
 this year, under new management calculated to add to its 
 well-deserved popularity. 
 
 Big Trees of Calaveras, Gal. — Mammoth Grovt 
 Hotel. 
 
 This house forms, with Sperri/s Hotel, Murphy’s, an im- 
 portant link in the chain of California travel, to the Big 
 Trees, by the Big Oak Flat route to the Yo Semite, &:c, 
 
 Bostoh. — Parker House, — American House. 
 
 Charleston, S. C. — The Charleston Hotel. 
 
 This hotel has the reputation of being one of the most 
 magnificent structures of its kind, on either continent, well 
 built, well kept, and satisfactory to travelers as well as for 
 residence. 
 
 Chicago. — Grand Pacific Hotel, 
 
 This house, with central location, and under most effscient 
 and capable management, is justly considered to be one of 
 the most striking marks of the wonderful enterprise and re- 
 
AMEBIGAN HOTELS, 
 
 297 
 
 cuperative energy wliidi have, witliin a short period, built 
 the ^‘New Chicago’’ on the site of the great fire, and one 
 of the evidences of the perfection to which hotel-keeping 
 has reached in America. 
 
 Cincinnati, Ohio. — Burnet House. 
 
 For many years past, the Barnet has been the house of 
 Cincinnati, and among the first in the Middle West ; and 
 now that it has been thoroughly renovated and refurnished, 
 and is under the control of a firm, the members of which 
 have made themselves enviable reputation in management 
 elsewhere, in some of the very best hotels of the Continent, 
 the Barnet is fully maintaining its old status as the best 
 located and most desirable house in Cincinnati, and even 
 adding materially to reputation and popularity. 
 
 Delaware Water-Gap, Pa. — KiUaiinny and 
 Water- Gap Houses. 
 
 This side of paradise there is not probably finer air to be 
 found, than that of the Penn^lvania Mountains of the Upper 
 Delaware, — as there are few reaches of finer scenery than can 
 be found in that neighborhood. In the midst of that noble 
 scenery are located the Kittatinny and Water-Gap Houses, 
 admirable hostelries, and the former for many years one of 
 the favorite resorts of those who wish to blend the Rhine 
 and the Bavarian Highlands, without crossing the Atlantic, 
 while the latter is rapidly growing into corresponding pub- 
 lic favor and patronage. 
 
 Detroit, Mich, — The Russell House, 
 
 Beyond question, one of the most admirable houses of the 
 North-West, is the Russell, standing in one of the hand- 
 somest localities, as well as in one of the most convenient for 
 reaching from any quarter, that could have been afforded by 
 the pretty little “ City of the Straits.” 
 
298 
 
 SHORT- TRIP GUIDE. 
 
 Lake GEORGE.—i^c^r?^ William Henry Hotel. 
 
 A very large and admirably kept summer hotel, standing 
 on the southern shore of the lake, commanding the finest of 
 views over it, and in the immediate vicinity of old Fort 
 George and the other points of historical interest of that 
 romantic section. One of the most popular of fashionable 
 resorts, for residence, and as on the line of travel northward 
 from Saratoga, to Champlain and Canada — the boats up 
 Lake George, making the connection to the larger lake and 
 the north, taking their departure almost from the very doors. 
 The reduced tariff of charges of this year, is very attractive 
 to the world of pleasure-seekers. [Kept in connection with 
 the Arlington, Washington, D. C,, recognized as the favorite 
 house at the Capital.] 
 
 Lake Tahoe, Cal. — The Tahoe House. 
 
 A very pleasant house, with a singularly lovely location, 
 on the north shore of Lake Tahoe, the site commanding one 
 of the most beautiful lake views in the wmrld. 
 
 Lexington, Va. — National House. 
 
 As the seat of the Virginia Military Academy, as well as 
 the spot of burial of Lee and Stonewall Jackson, Lexington 
 presents many attractions to the tourist, apart from its near- 
 ness to Goshen Pass and the Natural Bridge ; and the 
 National is the hotel of Lexington. 
 
 Long Branch, N. J . — West End Hotel. 
 
 The West End, built within a few years to meet the de- 
 mand for a better and more picturesque class of hotel build- 
 ing on the great bluff of Long Branch, has fairly asserted its 
 pre-eminence as the most fashionable of the houses of that 
 unrivaled summer gathering-place, and under its pi;esent 
 and capable liberal management may take rank with the 
 best hotels of the cities, while unexcelled in location, nearest 
 
AMERICAN HOTELS. 
 
 299 
 
 to the more eclectic residences of the Branch.” Important 
 alterations and additions, made every season, make the West 
 End continually even more capable of accommodating its 
 immense fashionable clientelle. 
 
 Long Branch, N. J. — Howland's Hotel. ' 
 
 The oldest of the original Long Branch hotels now remain- 
 ing*, Howland’s (very near to the West Eni in location), while 
 entirely remodelled, enlarged and handsomely modernized, 
 has lost nothing of its old reputation as among the most 
 charming of family resorts on the coast. Its management is 
 always excellent in every detail ; and its large clientelle of 
 resident summer guests will not find any of its old charms 
 lacking, under the control of proprietors so thoroughly un- 
 derstanding the place, their visitors, and the requirements 
 of both. 
 
 Long Branch, N. J. — Morris Paoilion. 
 
 Another of the old-time and always popular resorts of the 
 “Branch” is the Pavilion, traditional for the solid comfort 
 and quiet enjoyment afforded to visitors, without any pre- 
 tense at the fatigue of ultra fashion. 
 
 Mammoth Grove, Cal. — {See Big Trees.) 
 
 Montreal, Canada. — Si. Lawrence Hall. — Ottawa 
 House. 
 
 Natural Bridge, fa. — Natural Bridge Hotel. 
 
 The opinion has been elsewhere freely expressed that the 
 Natural Bridge is one of the grandest pieces of rock- work ou 
 either Continent ; and the desire to visit this great wonder of 
 nsLture is enough to make popular the Natural Bridge Hotel, 
 which lies beside it and affords the only gate of entrance for 
 the view. 
 
800 
 
 SHOET-TRIP GUIDE 
 
 New York City. — The Windsor Hotel 
 
 This magnificent house, among the largest and most per- 
 fectly built in tho world, and located on Fifth Avenue, filling 
 the entire block between and opening upon both Forty- 
 sixth and Forty -seventh Streets, is worthy the proud name 
 which it bears, as suggestive of much that is royal and noble 
 in English history, and may be adduced as one of the crown- 
 ing proofs of the perfection to which hotel-keeping in the 
 larger cities of America has attained. In the management 
 are associated (as the official card bears witness), those who 
 have been eminently successful and popular in the gentle 
 art of ministering to the comfort of the travel-world ; and 
 years have not been needed to place it high in confidence 
 and distinguished patronage. 
 
 New York City. — The Brevoort House. 
 
 This house, of the first fashion, and the peculiarity of the 
 most distinguished English patronage, stands on Fifth Av- 
 enue, in the immediate neighborhood of that handsome 
 public ground, Washington Square, and may be said to have 
 an exceptionally fine location, combining convenience to 
 places of evening resort with quietness and all those name- 
 less pleasant features distinguishing the true temporary 
 ^^home^^ of the traveled from the mere crowded caravan- 
 serai. Every year seems to add to the charm of this un- 
 exceptionable house, and the number of its visitors of dis- 
 tinction. 
 
 Niagara i’ALLS. — International Hotel 
 
 This large and first-class hotel offers peculiar temptations 
 to tourists, in its possession of all those modern luxurious 
 improvements adding so materially to the pleasure of travel, 
 as well as in its charming location, immediately over the 
 American Fall, at Prospect Point, with the bridge to Goat 
 Island almost at its doors, opening all the scenic wonders of 
 both Falls from that Island and the Sister Islands. Mean' 
 
AMEBIC AN HOTELS, 
 
 301 
 
 ■wliile, especially adding to its g-eneral cliarm, are the^^Eiv'er 
 Parlors/’ extending: one hundred feet over the rapids, afford- 
 ing unequalled view, and luxurious in every detail, — while 
 the lodg-ing: rooms connected with them hold literally a place 
 alone in the charm of their location. 
 
 Niagara Falls. — Clijton House. 
 
 The Clifton, an old and excellent house, familiar for many 
 years to the people of two continents, must ever be a favorite 
 with those who have once known its splendid location, on 
 the Canadian side, at the verge of the river, and with the 
 whole marvelous panorama of the American and Horseshoe 
 Falls fully visible from its broad piazzas and many windows. 
 Meanwhile, though on Canada soil, it habitually flies the 
 “ Stars-and-stripes” — a fact well worth noting. 
 
 Ottawa, Can, — The Russell House, 
 
 A first-class hotel of large size and good management, 
 located in the immediate vicinity of the Parliament Houses, 
 Government Buildings, and Barrack Hill, with its fine views, 
 and indispensable to visitors to the Capital of the Dominion, 
 of whom every year necessarily sees an augmented number, 
 as the charms of its location and coolness as a ];)lace of 
 summer-sojourn become more fully appreciated. 
 
 Philadelphia. — Continental Hotel. 
 
 One of the largest and most perfectly appointed houses in 
 America, as well as one of the best-known — holding a pecu- 
 liarly central position, on Chestnut Street, and combining 
 with its large extent all those modern improvements and 
 luxuries which have made the American hotel of the best 
 class world-celebrated. Not to have visited the Continental 
 is held to be equivalent to not having known the heart of 
 Philadelphia, and consequently of having missed many of 
 the most charming features of the second city of America. 
 During the Centennial year it worthily added to its popu- 
 
303 
 
 SHORT-TBIP GUIDE. 
 
 larity by accommodating all comers, apparently without 
 trouble, and without extortion, even under the temptations of 
 that tempting season. 
 
 Poet LAND, Me. — The Falmouth House, 
 
 San Francisco, Cal. — Palace Hotel — Occidental 
 Hotel. 
 
 Saratoga Springs, N. Y. — Grand Union. — 
 United States. — Congress Hall. — Clarendon. 
 
 Savannah, Ga. — The Screven House. 
 
 St. Louis, Mo . — The Lindell House. 
 
 All the modern improvements have been applied in the 
 construction of this new and elegant house, one of the larg- 
 est as well as'one of the leading hotels of the West. It is 
 located on Washington Avenue, now the thoroughfare of 
 the city, since the opening of the Great Bridge, and stands 
 on the site of the old house of the same name, a favorite 
 throughout the whole country, while in no respect the equal 
 of the present magnificent building. Few houses, in any 
 city of the world, can so fully justify the claim of the 
 Lindell, to be at once the business and society hotel and 
 in certain features — among others its table, its thoroughly 
 fire-proof construction, and the running of its elevators at 
 all hours of the day and night — it presents something unique 
 in hotel management. 
 
 Toronto, Ca. — The Queen's Hotel. 
 
 One of the best-known and most complete houses in the Do- 
 minion, with a flattering and well-deserved reputation as 
 one of the best-kept and most- carefully-managed, as well as 
 admirably located for visiting the Lake shore itself, the 
 
AMERICAN HOTELS. 
 
 303 
 
 public buildin^2^s and fine frrounds making Toronto a place of 
 pleasant sojourn for all who once visit it. From the Queen’s, 
 the University, Osgoode Hall, and indeed all the more 
 notable structures of the town, can be reached at very lim- 
 ited distances in pleasant foot excursions. It has also the 
 specialty of being selected by Cook as the home of the tour- 
 ist. A branch house, the Queen’s Royal Niagara,” is 
 charmingly located at the mouth of the Niagara River. 
 
 Trenton Falls, New York. — Moore's Hotel: 
 
 Without doubt, one of the most capitally- located hotels on 
 the American continent, standing within a few rods of the 
 matchlessly-beautiful Falls of Trenton, and indeed com- 
 manding access to them, as well as supplying guides and 
 every essential for the visit. Has noble groves and fine plea- 
 sure grounds, and a Geological Museum of the first extent 
 and value, besides being, as a place of transient visit or 
 longer abode, thoroughly well kept, and in every regard one 
 of the most enjoyable of the pleasure-resorts of America. 
 Not lo have seen Trenton Falls, and Moore's, is to have 
 omitted a crowning experience. 
 
 Washington, D. C. — The Arlington. 
 
 A house of high character and first class patronage, seldom 
 making any announcement to the public, from the fact that 
 that patronage is at once assured and eclectic, coru]^ osed of 
 the most distinguished society of the two continents. Prob- 
 ably as many of the names of people of taste and fashion in 
 the world of travel, can be found on the books of this house, 
 as of any other in America. The Arlington is under the 
 same capable management as the Fort William Henry Hotel, 
 Lake George, elsewhere mentioned at length. 
 
 Watkins Glen, N. Y- — Glen Park Hotel. — Lake 
 Yiew House. — Glen Mountain House. 
 
e304 
 
 SHORT-TRIP GUIDE. 
 
 West Point, N. Y. — Gozzens' Hotel. 
 
 One of the most magnificently located, as well as one of 
 the most tastefully built of all American hotels, is Cozzens’, 
 at West Point, commanding the finest part of the passage 
 through the Hudson Highlands,, and often winning the name 
 of the ‘ 'Eagle’s Nest” from its height above the river, while 
 really among the easiest of summer resorts, to reach by boat 
 or rail. Among American retreats at once fashionable and 
 enjoyable, Cozzens’ holds a ‘'high place” in fact, as well as 
 in altitude. It is now in the capable hands of new pro- 
 prietors, who are, however, old hotel-men, and who will not 
 allow it to descend from its position, in any sense. 
 
 Weyer’s Cave, Va . — Weyer's Cave Hotel 
 
 Tourists visiting the Cave have all comforts, and many 
 luxuries, spread before them at the Weyer’s Cave Hotel, 
 where guides may be procured, and where sojourn long 
 enough to thoroughly "do” this great natural marvel, will 
 be found pleasant and profitable. 
 
 Yosemite Valley, Cal. — Hutchings' Hotel. 
 
 Mr. Hutchings, best posted of all the pioneers of the Great 
 Valley, has the hotel furthest up the Valley itself, nearest to 
 most points of interest, and simply indispensable to visitors, 
 both for convenience and comfort. 
 
REMINDERS FOR RAMBLERS. 
 
 [See announcement cards, followinnr at close of volume, 
 for many particulars of value and interest — the main facts 
 (and facts only) bein^r here simply and hastily alluded to for 
 the general information of travelers.] 
 
 SPECIAL ROUTES FOR TRAVELERS. 
 
 There is no feature so notable, in American Travel, 
 as the great Californian Trip, by rail, by which such a won- 
 derful space, involving the most picturesque, novel and 
 interesting scenery, can be covered in so few days, and so 
 much added to the previous stock of intelligence and expe- 
 rience — as witness the official announcement of the Union 
 and Central Pacific Railroads, following, and the full par- 
 ticulars there given of the wonderful combinations and con- 
 nections of the route, not only to San Francisco and the 
 other Californian cities and places of interest, but the Colo- 
 rado Mountain regions (the Switzerland of America), the 
 great Mining sections. Salt Lake City, &c., and, still beyond, 
 to Japan, China and the East. 
 
 The Pennsylvania Railroad, one of the largest un- 
 dertakings of its kind in the New World, challenges favor- 
 able comparison with any in the Old, for the perfection 
 of its construction, equipment and management; for the 
 completeness of its service, and the consideration and ac- 
 commodation it affords its patrons. Centering in Philadel- 
 phia, its colossal ramifications connect New York on the 
 one side, with the extreme South and West on the other; 
 and this continuity of travel sho>vs conclusively the advan- 
 tage of railway transit being in the hands of large and 
 responsible corporations. 
 
303 
 
 SHORT-TBIP GUIDE, * 
 
 The New York and Philadelphia New Line ” 
 affords a delitjlitful variation in tlie route between the 
 above cities. It is made up of portions of the well-reputed 
 old lines, the New Jersey Central and the North Pennsyl- 
 vania, and a new link from Bound Brook, in the former, 
 to the River Delaware; where it forms a junction with a 
 new extension of the latter road. This portion will be a 
 first class double track, stone-ballasted, built and equipped 
 with all the latest improvements, and run with especial 
 regard to speed and safety. Its passengers during the Ex- 
 position will land conveniently at the Penn. Depot, main 
 entrance of the grounds, thus securing all advantages. 
 
 The North Pennsylvania Piailroad, running from 
 Philadelphia northwards, to the crossing of the Lehigh 
 River at Bethlehem, is one of the best equipped and ar- 
 ranged in the State. It affords a most picturesque route of 
 travel, and connects, at this point, with the Lehigh Valley 
 roads ; passing through the coal districts of the State and 
 the historic Valleys of Wyoming, Susquehanna, &c. Scenes 
 of unequalled beauty and originality are thus afforded to 
 the tourist ; and Niagara Falls are reached without change 
 of cars. Passengers by this line are also taken to the Main 
 Entrance of the Exposition at Philadelphia. 
 
 The card of the New Jersey Southern Railroad, for 
 the present season, shows that the Company has now two 
 fast and splendid boats on the line, to Sandy Hook, in the 
 Jesse Hoyt and Crystal Wave, supplying the pleasantest of 
 transits to the Hook, Highlands of Navesink, Long Branch, 
 &c. , and thence on to Philadelphia by that and connecting 
 roads, twice a day, and in “good form,” as our English 
 cousins say. 
 
 Of the more prominent roads of the country the 
 
 Baltimore and Ohio ranks among the first for the excellence 
 
REMINDERS FOR RAMBLERS. 
 
 807 
 
 of its management, the extent and perfection of its equip- 
 ment and accommodation, and for the magnificent scenery 
 through which it passes. Connecting Baltimore and Wash- 
 ington wuth the far West, its wide-reaching arms extend to 
 Cincinnati, St. Louis, Chicago, and by its connections to the 
 whole of the West, South, and South-West. From Harper's 
 Ferry, crossing the Allegheny Mountains to the Ohio River, 
 the road goes through the best of American scenery, illus- 
 trating the Railroad construction of this country by some of 
 its most stupendous works. As a pendant, the manage- 
 ment have made arrangements for admirable hotel accom- 
 modations along the line, duly referred to in the chapter on 
 American Hotels. 
 
 The Great Atlantic Coast Line Railway is one of the 
 representative roads of America, connecting the Great North 
 with the whole of the Southern Seaboard States to its ob- 
 jective point — Florida. At Portsmouth joining the steamship 
 lines, and at Weldon the Northern Railroads, passengers are 
 luxuriously conveyed by the shortest direct route to Colum- 
 bia, Aiken, Charleston and Savannah. With its connections, 
 the Atlantic and Gulf R. R., &c., it forms the special route to 
 Florida, whose just claims to be considered the Italy of the 
 New World are now fully recognized. For tourists and 
 others seeking this resort, especial and careful accommoda- 
 tions are most complete. Tickets to all points can be ob- 
 tained in New York, Philadelphia, and chief cities. 
 
 The Chicago and North-Western Railroad is at 
 once one of the greatest and best-managed enterprises of the 
 North-West, a great trunk-line leading from Chicago, by 
 IMlton, Clinton, Cedar Rapids, Boone, &c., to Council 
 Bluffs, Omaha, and connecting there with the Pacific roads 
 for California; also with lines leading directly from Chicago 
 by Kenosha, Racine, &c., to Milwaukee; and to Fort How- 
 ard, Green Bay, or direct connection to St. Paul and Lake 
 
308 
 
 SHORT-TRIP GUIDE. 
 
 Superior, with numberless other ramifications, of the first 
 interest to travelers, and which only the official announce- 
 ment can fully explain. It is the well-founded boast of the 
 0. & N. W., among* other things, that it supplies the most 
 magnificent Pullman Drawing Room and Hotel Cars, to be 
 found on any line in America, thus adding to the speed of 
 travel a luxury otherwise unattainable. 
 
 The Chicago, Burlington and Quincy Railroad 
 claims, and justly, to be among the leading lines of the Con- 
 tinent, affords a favorite route from Chicago to Omaha, 
 and thence by its connections to San Francisco and the 
 Pacific slope. Its equipment and careful consideration for 
 its patrons are unsurpassed; and among the announcements 
 of the Company, that Pullman’s palatial dining and break- 
 fasting saloon on wheels,” furnishing "“sumptuous meals at 
 75 cents while traveling at the rate of thirty miles an 
 hour,” is the climax of railroad accommodation — ^is a fact 
 endorsed and verified by the many who have partaken of it. 
 
 The Chicago, Milwaukee and St. Paul Railway is 
 the representative line of the district through which it runs. 
 With Chicago north and north-westward it connects Mil- 
 waukee, and in its immediate vicinity the far-famed Min- 
 eral springs of Bethesda, &c., and a neighborhood un- 
 rivalled for its beautiful scenery and as a summer resort ; 
 thence westward to Madison, the State Capital, Prairie du 
 Chien, St. Paul, Minneapolis, the Falls of St, Anthony, &c. 
 An alternative route through Portage City, by Lacrosse, 
 passes up the valley of the Mississippi to Bt. Paul, and 
 affords scenic views of unequalled grandeur and beauty. 
 The equipment and accommodation of this road are unsiur- 
 passed. 
 
 The Clyde Coastwise and Steamship Lines now rank 
 among the most prominent and numerous in America. 
 Their ships distinguished alike for their size and full power 
 
IIEMINDEES FOR RAMBLERS. 
 
 809 
 
 no less than for their complete arrangements for perfect 
 ventilation and the general wants of their passengers, they 
 supply the pleasantest means of transit to the Soiith-Easierii 
 States, Havana and other West India ports. Tourists on 
 those routes will do well to consider these advantages. The 
 newly-established line to California, in connection, is else- 
 wdiere referred to. 
 
 The Day Line of Steamers on the Hudson River, 
 from New York to West Point, the Catskill Mountains, &c., 
 to Albany, supplies two of the fastest and most commodious 
 steamers in the world, in the “ Chauncey Vibbard ” and 
 ‘ Daniel Drew,’’ carrying music on all trips, making the 
 whole run, in either direction, by daylight, and affoiding 
 opportunities for observation of the whole line of Hudson 
 River scenery, unattainable by any .other route or mode. 
 [See map of the Hudson, accompanying announcement.] 
 
 The People’s Line of Steamers between New York 
 and Albany affords another splendid Centennial feature in 
 travel on the Hudson River ; leaving either place at evening 
 and arriving at the other in the morning, in time for all 
 railway connections; and supplying in the ‘‘St. John,” 
 “ Drew,” and “ Dean Richmond,” the three noblest and most 
 luxurious specimens of inland marine architecture on the 
 globe, with accommodations of perfect completeness and 
 princely splendor, while still making no heavy draft on the 
 purse in any detail of service. [See Map of the Hudson, 
 accompanying official announcement for connections, &c.] 
 
 The Alary Poivell (steamer), running as an after- 
 noon boat from New York to West Point, Newburgh and 
 other points on the Hudson, to Rondont (Kingston), shows 
 still another of those “ Prides of the Hudson” just referred 
 to ; passing through the Highlands by daylight, and afford- 
 ing the most charming of views of that splendid river scenery; 
 
310 
 
 SHOBT^TRIP GUIDE, 
 
 the boat herself, meanwhile, a beauty, a favorite and a 
 celebrity. 
 
 LEA.DING INSURANCE COMPANIES. 
 
 The hints given in one of the earlier papers of this 
 volume, as to the propriety of every traveler (and indeed 
 every man), taking a reasonable Life Assurance, do not lose 
 their force, year by year, but rather add new; meanwhile, the 
 American system is the best in the world, as now admitted by 
 the highest authorities of both continents ; and in some es- 
 pecial companies hereinafter named, will be found the very 
 highest types of extensive business, reliability and useful- 
 ness. First among these may be named the EquitaUe Life 
 Assurance Society of the United States, No. 120 Broadway, 
 in whose remodelled building, now nearly completed, may 
 be found the most perfect commercial structure in the world, 
 and one of the most tastefully elegant, while its business 
 is among the largest in the country ; and the New York 
 Life Insurance Company, No. 346 Broadway, only less ele- 
 gantly-lodged than the rival Company, and quite as com- 
 modiously, while its figures show the extent and soundness 
 of its great beneficial business. In both these companies lies 
 an absolute matter of national pride, as well as one of im- 
 portant knowledge to the intending investor in this most 
 advisable of securities. 
 
 In intimate connection with the subject of Life In- 
 surance, comes that of Accident Insurance, in which de- 
 tail, too, America affords one of the noblest examples, in 
 the Travelers' Insurance Company, of Hartford, Connec- 
 ticut, with a New York centre, &c. The Travelers has 
 been for years doing a noble work, meeting with very 
 great and deserved success, and annually paying out im- 
 mense sums to the families of those killed by accident, 
 or to the disabled themselves in their day of dimin- 
 
EEMmDERS FOR RAMBLERS. 
 
 311 
 
 islied receipts and possible need. The figures of business of 
 the past year show something of the keenness with which 
 the American public are waking to the need and the benefit 
 of such an institution, so indispensable among a nation of 
 travelers— and of the amount which every late year demands 
 irom this Company, to pay for lost lives and injured bodies. 
 This Company affords also the ordinary Life Assurance in 
 connection, with the best advantages. 
 
 The Hanomr Fire Insurance Company, office, 120 
 Broadway, New York, continues to offer the best and most 
 reliable guarantees against loss or damage by the devouring 
 element, one of the most satisfactory of remembrances to 
 those who leave property behind them when traveling ; 
 while a visit to the office of the Company will show the best 
 thing of its kind in the world, in appointments and manage- 
 ment, especially since the late enlargement of space, ren- 
 dered necessary by increase of business. 
 
 NEW YORK CITY SPECIALTIES. 
 
 At the American Branch of the house of Messrs, 
 Thomas Cook & Son — Cook, Son & Jenkins, 261 Broadway, 
 all the Cook’s Tourist Tickets may be obtained, for both 
 European and American Travel, and much money saved in 
 going over many routes on both continents, &c. 
 
 Passports for Europe, as we all know, are convenient 
 and profitable, if not always indispensable — as they supply 
 identification, often save fees, &c. Arrangements have been 
 made, by which they can be supplied at the very shortest 
 notice, on application at MorforJs Travel Office, 52 Broad- 
 way, or to James Taylor, Passport Agent, Notary and Com- 
 missioner for all the States, No. 345 Broadway, corner of 
 Leonard Street, New York City. 
 
 Intending passengers for Europe or tourists to any 
 
 part of America can examine maps, trace out routes, obtain 
 
m 
 
 BIIORT^TBIP GUIDE. 
 
 any information desired, or have passages secured by any of 
 the best lines of travel, with the advantages of the j^ersonal 
 experience of an old traveler, at Morford/s Tra^d Office, 62 
 Broadway, New York — now open in connection with the 
 management and publication of the Short-Trip Guides’' to 
 Europe and America. 
 
 Indispensable to those who wish to lay out routes in 
 Europe and travel intelligently as well as comfortably and 
 economically, will be found the companion volume to this — 
 “ Morjord’s Short-Trip Guide to Europe'^’ (editorial office,. 52 
 Broadway), of which a leading U. S. official said, lately, 
 return'-ng from a tour of the Old World, and speaking to a 
 ship-board acquaintance : ** My party, in our travels through 
 the British Islands and on the Continent, had nearly all the 
 Guide-Books and cell the American ; and it is only justice to 
 say, that after due examination, though using some of the 
 larger and the local Guides, occasionally, for particu’ars not 
 allowed by its limited space — ice found Mo r ford's the hook to 
 arrange routes and travel hy, and made it our chief depend- 
 ence throughout.” 
 
 The Home Journal^ the leading fashion and society 
 paper in America, and indeed holding a corresponding place 
 in that regard to the London Court Journal,” while it pos- 
 sesses a literary ability to which the English exponents of 
 aristocracy and fashion cannot pretend, has actually be- 
 come a necessity in the higher walks of American life, and 
 is beginning to exercise no small influence as a fashion 
 authority abroad. 
 
 That the Mendelssohn Piano Company^ of which the 
 office is at 56 Broadway, New York City, have in several re- 
 gards deserved so well of all lovers of music and employers 
 of musical instruments, as to be worthy of all the immense 
 popularity they have attainel. They have deserved well, 
 in all their many improvements on and over the ordinary 
 
REMmDEBS FOB BAMBLEBS. 
 
 313 
 
 piano — culminating in what is undoubtedly the best Upright 
 Piano ever made^ as additional to their admirable Squares 
 and Grands ; and they have deserved even better in throw- 
 ing overboard the whole costly system of agencies, putting 
 themselves in immediate connection with buyers, and thus 
 supplying $1,000 pianos at $450; $900 at $400; $850 at 
 $350 ; $650 at $275, and $600 at $250 1 
 
 That to no mechanician of the day is the art of print- 
 ing so much indebted as to Andrew Campbell, head of the 
 Campbell Press and Manufacturing Company, 39 Beekman 
 street, New York, and Wythe avenue and Hewes street, 
 Brooklyn. It may be said that Mr. Campbell, a thorough 
 inventor as well as machinist, has literally revolutionized 
 the construction of printing presses and their accompani- 
 ments, in doing away with the heavy, clumsy and needlessly- 
 expensive, and bringing into play all the resources of en- 
 gineering to produce perfect accuracy combined with 
 comparative lightness and cheapness before unheard of. 
 No higher proof of the excellence of the Campbell Presses 
 is needed, than to say that the best of the splendid Aldine 
 printing has been done on them — that their work done a;fc 
 the Centennial was universally admired — and that they, as 
 well as the Rotary Perfecting Printing and Folding Ma- 
 chines, of this manufactory, received the very highest 
 «,wards of the Centennial Commission, 
 
 PHILADELPHIA SPECIALTIES. 
 
 Perhaps the most perfect Drug-and-Fancy-Store in 
 ithe world, as certainly one of the most beautiful in arrange- 
 ment and most extensive in the variety of articles embraced 
 is that of A. Z. Helmbold, Chestnut Street, between Eighth 
 and Ninth, and within the Continental Hotel. The dispens- 
 ing of medicines and chemical preparations is really made 
 a branch of fine art, under such auspices as those enjoyed 
 
314 
 
 SHOBT-TRIP GUIDE, 
 
 by Mr. Helmbold, whose literal bazar is open all night, and 
 who adds to'' general business the specialty of supplying, at 
 first hands, the well-known and popular Helmbold’s Prepa- 
 ations, now almost indispensable in the medical world. 
 
 The Travelers' Official Guide^ published monthly, 
 by the National Kailway Publication Company, Philadelphia, 
 is very correct, careful, and wonderfully comprehensive, and 
 affords incomparably the best authority on the Western 
 Continent, as to time of trains, connections, and every 
 information necessary for the traveler,. 
 
 Messrs. Claxton, Eemsen & HafFelfinger, the well- 
 known bool^sellers of Market Street, announce the third 
 edition of the audacious and successful Centennial Novel, 
 “7%^ ^ur of Monmouth,"^ thus evidencing that there is a 
 taste for historical romance in America, however that fact 
 has been denied, at hbrne and abroad. The book is certainly 
 a remarkable 0ne,4ike the occasion in which it originated 
 
i 
 
 'fJ’/rj 
 
 
 
 M 
 
 -Umz 
 
STEAMSHIP LINES. 
 
■y ... 
 
 -jy- 
 
 
 
 
8H0RT-TEIP GUIDE.-^ANNOUIi’ClSMENTS 
 
 INMAN LINE. 
 
 NEW YORK 
 
 TO 
 
 LIVERPOOL 
 On Saturdays. 
 
 FROM 
 
 T>IER 45 . 
 
 North River, 
 
 New York. 
 
 The Large, Full-Powered, Clyde-Built Steamships, 
 
 Cttt of Chester, Sat., May 5. 
 CriY OF RirUMoND, Sat., May 19, 
 City of Berlin, Sat , June 2. 
 City of Chester, Sat., June 9. 
 City of Hichmovd, Sat., June 23. 
 City of Beulin. Sat., July 7. 
 
 City of Chester, Sat., July 14. 
 
 C rr OF Richmond, Sat., July 28, 
 CITY OF Berlin, Sat., Aug. 11. 
 Cirv OK < HESTER, Sat., Aug. 18. 
 City of Ei hmond, Sat., Sept. 1. 
 &e., (fcc., &o. 
 
 With intermediate and succeeding steamers, as warranted. 
 
 The course laid down for these steamers, and followed by them for several 
 years, is fixed to pass Z50 miles south of t’ape Race. Although the voyage is 
 thus lengthened about loo miles, better weather is met with and there is much 
 greater freedom from fogs and floating ice and the danger of navigation conse- 
 quent thereon. 
 
 R^TES OF PASSAGE, 
 
 To Liverpool, $8o and $ioo, gold. I From Liverpool, $75 and $90, gold. 
 
 I (1 5 to 18 Guineas.) 
 
 Round Trip Tickets, $145 and $175, gold. 
 
 Steamers leave Liverpool on Thursdays. 
 ^ Queenstown on Fridays. 
 
 “ “ New York on Saturdays. 
 
 For further information, apply at the Company’s Oflices t 
 
 Li'verpooly 
 
 ^^uecnstowTiy 
 
 Londorty 
 
 Parisy 
 
 Bostofty 
 
 Philadelpmay 
 
 ChicagOy 
 
 New York to 
 
 Wm. Inman, 22 Water Street. 
 
 C. & W. D. Seymour & Co. 
 
 Eives & Allen, 61 King William Street* 
 
 A. H. Johnson, 9 Rue Scribe. 
 
 L. H. Palmer, 5 Old State House. 
 
 Geo. a. Faulk, 105 South Fourth Street. 
 Francis C. Brown, 32 S. Clark Street 5 and in 
 
 JOHN G. DALE, Agent, 
 
 15 Broadway. 
 
SEOR T- TRIP 0 UIBE. —A NNO UECE MEETS. 
 
 
 Steamers Weekly Between 
 
 /vE]^V YGRKy LIVERPOOL AND QUEENSTOWN\ 
 
 AND FORTNIGHTLY BETWEEN 
 
 NEW YORK AND LONDON DIRECT. 
 
 Spain, . , , 4,871 tons, 
 
 Egypt, • . • 5,089 
 
 Italy, . . . 4,341 “ 
 
 Holland, . . • 3,847 “ 
 
 France, . . 3,676 “ 
 
 Denmark, , . . 3,724 “ 
 
 England, . . . 4,896 tons. 
 
 The Queen, , . 4,470 “ 
 
 Helvetia, . , , 3,976 “ 
 
 Erin, ... 4,040 “ 
 
 Canada, , , , 4,276 “ 
 
 Greece, . . . 4,310 
 
 The above powerful British-built Iron Steamships, with spar decks, 
 and water-compartments, THE LARGEST IN THE TRADE, during 
 the season of 1877, will form this favorite line, leaving 
 
 LIVERPOOL, .... EVERY WEDNESDAY, 
 QUEENSTOWN, .... EVERY THURSDA K. 
 NEW YORK, .... EVERY SATURDAY, 
 Weekly and from LONDON 
 From the Company’s Piers, 
 
 NOS. 44 AND 47, NORTH RIVER. 
 
 CABIN PASSAGE 
 
 To Liverpool, Queenstown, or London, $60 and $70, according to loca* 
 tion of sleeping rooms. All passengers have equal privileges in the 
 Saloon. Return Tickets by London Steamer, ^1005 by Liverpool 
 Steamer, $110 and |:i20. For passage apply at the Company’s Offices, 
 No, 21 Water Street^ Liverpool^ and at 
 No, 69 Broadway, New York, 
 
 F. W. J. HURST, Manager. 
 
ANjVO uncements. 
 
 “GUION line; 
 
 IT. S. and Royal Mail Steamers. 
 
 SAIliING FUOM NEW YORK FOR QUEENSTOWN AND 
 lilVERFOOIi, EVERY TUESDAY. 
 
 First-Class Mail Steamships 
 
 MONTANA, - - NEVADA, 
 
 WISCONSIN, - - IDAHO, 
 
 Wyoming, 
 
 From Livei-pool every Wednesday, and Queenstown every 
 Thursday. 
 
 DRFATS payable in all parts of England, Ireland and Scotland. 
 FOR PASSAGE APPLY TO ^ 
 
 WILLIAMS & GUION; 
 
 29 Broadway. 
 
SHORT-TRIP G UIDE.— ANNOUNCEMENTS. 
 
 STEAMERS TO FRANCE DIRECT. 
 
 General "Transatlantic 
 
 COMPANY’S 
 
 FIRST-CLASS STEAMSHIPS, 
 
 Onder Government Contract to carry the Mails between 
 
 NEW YORI^T HAVRE. 
 
 Leaving New York and Havre every Wednesday, calling at 
 
 Plymouth. 
 
 PEREtRE, SAINT LAURENT, SAINT GERMAIN, 
 
 LABRADOR, VILLE DE PARIS, CANADA, 
 
 AMERIQUE, -FRANCE. 
 
 Passage Money ( J^Fine included) Payable in Gold, ’ 
 
 FROM NEW YORK, PLYMOUTH OR HAVRE, 
 
 First Cabin, $ioo, Second Cabin, $65, 
 
 Third Cabin, I35, Fourth Class, $26. 
 
 To Plymouth, $25. 
 
 Excursion Tickets issued at a reduction of 10 per cent, 
 MEDICAL ATTENDANCE FREE OF CHARGE. 
 
 American Travelers goin^^ to or returning from the Continent of Eurcype, by 
 taking this Line, avoid both transit by English railway and the discomforts of 
 crossing the_Channel,. besides saving time, trouble and expense. For Freight or 
 Passaic apply at the Office of 
 
 ^ ' LOUIS DE BEBIAN, Agent, 
 
 o ' i . ‘-55 Broadway, New York. 
 
SIIORT-TRIP GUIDE --ANNOUNCEMENTS^ 
 
 NORTH GERMAN LLOYD. 
 
 
 1 
 
 W 
 
 T 0 
 
 
 H 
 
 W ^ 
 
 w 
 
 ID 
 
 Csi 
 
 K CO 
 
 w 
 
 0 
 
 ^ H 
 
 
 in 
 
 < ^0^ 
 
 H 
 
 w 
 
 d 
 
 Ph 
 
 > 
 
 ca 
 
 
 Z 
 
 ^ a 
 
 w 
 
 W 
 
 S 
 
 0 5 
 
 H ^ 
 
 H 
 
 (A 
 
 
 § Q 
 2 ^ 
 
 <1 
 
 > 
 
 o ^ 
 
 M k; 
 
 " O 
 
 H 
 
 % ^ 
 
 o > 
 
 ^ n 
 
 • H 
 
 The Screw Steamers of the North German Lloyd: 
 
 Hheix, 
 
 Uain, 
 
 I)ONAU, 
 
 ifOI.N, 
 
 Nkckau, 
 
 Lkii*z:c, 
 
 'W^'ESKll, 
 
 Kuoxriiixz Fui 
 
 Hermann, 
 
 Hansa, 
 
 Hanover, 
 
 Frankfurt, 
 
 Strassburg, 
 
 Mosel. 
 
 BaltixUORe, 
 
 Berlin, 
 
 Ohio, 
 
 Bismarck, 
 
 America, 
 SDRicii Wilhelm, 
 
 Oder, 
 
 Habsburg, 
 
 Hoiik:nzolern, 
 
 Hohexstauffer, 
 
 Sauer, 
 
 Braunscuweig, 
 
 N URN BE KG, 
 
 General Wekder, 
 
 These Vessels carry the German^ British and United States Jlfails^ 
 and leave 
 
 Bremen, for New York, by Southampton, every Saturday. 
 
 ‘‘ for Baltimore, on alternate Wednesdays. 
 
 SouTHAMPi'ON, for N ew York, every Tuesday. 
 
 “ for Baltimore, on alternate Saturdays. 
 
 New York, for Southampton and Bremen, every Saturday. 
 
 Baltimore, for Southampton and Bremen, every alternate Saturday. 
 
 The above vessels have been constructed in the most approved manner; 
 they are of 3 000 tons, and 700 horse-power each, and are commanded by 
 men of character and experience, who will make every exertion to pro- 
 mote the comfort and convenience of passengers. They touch at South- 
 ampton. or the outward trip, for the purpose of landing passengers for 
 England and France. 
 
 These Vessels take Freight to Bremen, London, Hull, Rotterdam, 
 Antwerp and Hamburg, for which through bills. of lading are signed. 
 
 An experienced' surgeon is attached to each vessel. • 
 
 All letters must pass through the post office. 
 
 Specie taken to Havre, Southampton and Bremen at the lowest rates. 
 
 For Prices of Passage, and all further particulars, apply to NORTH 
 GERMAN LLOYD, Bremen: KELLER, WALLIS & POSTLE- 
 THWAITE, Southainptonand London: PHILLTPPS, GRAVES, PHIL- 
 I.IPPS & CO. ^ Londoji: L’HERBETTE, KANE &l CO Havre and 
 Paris: OELRICHS & CO., Nezv York '; A. SCHUMACHER & GO., 
 BulUmore: YA:>. F. STOCKMEYER & CQ., AVw Orleans: H. UP‘ 
 MAN & CO, y Havana^ 
 
ANNO UNCEMENTS. 
 
 Pacific MailSteamship Line 
 
 TO 
 
 CALIFORNIA. 
 
 For time of Leaving of the Magnificent 
 Steamships of this Line, the Oldest 
 and Most Reliable Route to 
 California, and all Ports 
 of the Pacific, 
 
 From Pier Foot of Canal st., N. R./ 
 
 NEW YORK, 
 
 And also for Rates of passage, made to accord with 
 the times, 
 
 See Current and Weekly Announcements. 
 
 Close Connections made at San Francisco with China 
 Line for 
 
 JAPAN, CHINA AND INDIA, ' 
 
 As also for Ports of Oregon, British Columbia and 
 the Northwest. 
 
 For Freight or Passage pply to 
 
 WILLIAM P. CLYDE & CO., 
 
 No. 6 Bowling* Green, 
 
 Or H. J. BULLA Y, Superintendent^ 
 
 Plei Foot Canal Street^ North BlTor* 
 
BANKING HOUSES. 
 
. i 
 
 . 
 
 
 
SnOR T- TRIP 0 UIDE. —A NNO UNCEMENTS. 
 
 BROWN BROTHERS & CO. 
 
 5'9 Wall Street, New York, 
 
 Issue, against cash deposited, or satisfactory guarantee of repayment. 
 Circular Credits for Travellers, in dollars for use in the' United States and 
 adjacent countries, and in Pounds Sterling for use in any part of the 
 world. 
 
 These credits, bearing the signature ef the holder, afford a ready 
 means of identification, and the amounts for which they are issued can 
 be availed of from time to time, and wherever he may be, in sums to 
 meet the requirements of the traveller. 
 
 Applications for Credits may be made to the above house direct, or 
 through any first-class bank or banker in this country. 
 
 They also issue Commercial Credits, make Cable Transfers of Money 
 between this Country and England, and Draw Bills of Exchange on 
 Great Britain and Ireland. i 
 
 BROWN, SHIPLEY ^ CO., 
 
 Founded s Coiu't, Lothbury, Londojt. 
 
 BROWN, SHIPLEY dP CO., 
 
 Chapel Slreef, Liverpool* 
 
 DREXEL, MORGAN & CO., 
 
 Wall Street, Corner of Broad, 
 
 ' NEW YORK, 
 
 DREXEL & CO. DREXEL, IlARJES & CO. 
 
 34 South Third Street, 3, Rue Scribe, 
 
 , Philadelphia. Paris. 
 
 < ISSUE " . 
 
 COMMERCIAL AND TRAVELLING CREDITS 
 
 Available in all parts of the World. 
 
 TEXEGRAPHIC TRANSFERS 
 
 TO AND FROM EUROPE, HAVANA AND SAN FRANCISCO* 
 
 Attorneys and Agents of 
 
 Messrs. J. S. MORGAN & CO., LONDON. 
 
SHORT-TlilP GUIDE.— ANNOUNCEMENTS. 
 
 MORTON, BLISS & CO., 
 
 ^ANKEI^S, 
 
 I Broad Street, New York, 
 
 ISSUE 
 
 CIRCULAR NOTES and LETTERS OF CREDIT 
 
 For Travellers ; also 
 
 COMMERCIAL CREDITS 
 
 available in all parts of the world. 
 
 Negotiate First-Class Railway, City and State Loans, make 
 Telegraphic Transfers of Money, allow Interest 
 on Deposits and Draw Exchange on 
 
 MORTON, ROSE 6- CO,, London, 
 
 HOTTINGUER ^ CO„ Paris, 
 
 NOPE CO., AmsUrdcm 
 
 John Munroe & Company, 
 
 BANKERS, 
 
 No. 8 Wall Street, New York, and 
 No. 4 Post Office Souare, Boston, 
 
 ISSUE 
 
 CIRCULAR NOTES AND CIRCULAR LETTERS 
 OF CREDIT FOR TRAVELERS, 
 
 ON THE 
 
 COmOLlDATED BANK, LONDON. 
 
 AND ON 
 
 MUNROE & COMPANY. 
 
 PARIS. 
 
 EXCHANGE ON LONDON AND PARIS. 
 Mnnev Pm-rfiferreil. and Credits Obened bv Cable. 
 
INSURANCE COMPANIES. 
 
SHOJt T- TRIP G UIDE.—ANNO UNCEMBNTS. 
 
 HANOVER 
 
 Fire Insurance Company, 
 
 OF THE CITY OF NEW YORK, 
 
 Office, No. 120 Broadway, cor. Cedar St., 
 
 (Equitable Life Assurance Go’s Building.) 
 
 Incorporated 1852. 
 
 BENJAMIN S. WALCOTT, President. 
 I* REMSLN lane. Secretary. 
 
 C. L. ROE, Asst Secretary. 
 
 Cash Assets, . _ . $1,642,882,59. 
 
 AGENCIES IN ALL THE PRINCIPAL TOWNS IN THE UNITED STATES. 
 
 Eastern Agency Department, - - THOMAS JAMES, Actuary, 
 
 Western and Southern Agency Department, “ The Underwriters 
 
 Agency.” A. STODDART, General Agteni, 
 
ANNO UNCEMENTS, 
 
 THE 
 
 EQUITABLE 
 im ASSmAME SOCIETY 
 
 OF THE UNITED STATES, 
 
 No. 120 Broadway, New York. 
 
 Alf Cash. Purely Mutual. Annual Dividends. 
 
 New Business among the largest of any Company in America or 
 Europe. Average Annual Growth greater than any other leading 
 Company. Percentage of Losses to Policies in force, less than 
 any other. Percentage of Expenses to Income, less than the 
 average of other New York Companies. 
 
 OFFICERS: 
 
 HENRY B. HYDE, Preside7it. 
 
 JAMES W. ALEXANDER, Vice-President. 
 
 SAM^L BORROWE, Secretary. 
 
 WILLIAM ALEXANDER. AssH Secretai-y, 
 
 GEO. W. PHILLIPS, i A^f,,^ries 
 J. G. VANCISE, \ Actual les. 
 
 EDWARD W. LAMBERT, M. D., 1 ^ 
 
 EDWARD CURTIS. M. D. '^Medical Examiners.. i 
 

AMERICAN TRAVEL. 
 
SEOR T- TRIP 0 UIDB.—ANNO UN CEMENTS. 
 
 The Great Trans-Continental All-Rail 
 
 Unio7t & Central Pacific RotiU 
 
 Via Council Bluffs and Omaha, 
 
 IS 
 
 22S ^Ues the SHORTEST, 
 
 FROM THE ATLANTIC COAST TO 
 
 SALT LAKE CITY, 
 
 SACRAMENTO, 
 
 SAN FRANCISCO, 
 
 AND ALL POINTS IN THE 
 
 SANDWICH ISLANDS, JAPAN, 
 
 NEW ZEALAND, CHINA, 
 
 AUSTRALIA, INDIA. 
 
 Shortest and Quickest Route 
 
 To DENVER, COL., NEW MEXICO and ARIZONA. 
 
 PULLMAN’S PALACE DAY AND SLEEPING CARS are run on 
 all Express Trains, and passengers are cautioned that only those who are 
 ticketed via Omaha are sure of securing berths to points west of Cheyenne. 
 
 Double Berth— Omaha to Ogden, $8 ; Ogden to San Francisco, $6. 
 
 To Tourists., Pleasure and Health ^Seekers., this Route offers unrivaled 
 attractions in the beautiful Platte Valley ; the grand scenery of the Snowy 
 Range ; the Passage of the Rocky Mountains (8,242 feet above the sea)* 
 the Laramie Plains ; the Wahsatch and Uintah Mountains ; the wild ana 
 weird Echo and Weber Canons; the Great Salt Lake and its Mormon 
 City, surrounded by lofty mountains, rivers filled with trout, hunting 
 grounds, medicinal springs, etc,; the Humboldt Sink; the Sierra Nevadas- 
 the Palisades; the beautiful mountain lakes of Tahoe and Donner, and 
 the passage of Cape Horn ; making a two thousand mile panorama of 
 unequalled grandeur and beauty. 
 
 Through Tickets for sale by F. KNOW LAND, General Agent, No. 
 287 Broadway, New York, and at all principal ticket offices in the country 
 Members of Colonies and Excursion Parties should address the General 
 Ticket Agent for rates and arrangements. 
 
 THOS. L. KIMBALL, 
 
 GenM Ticket Agent, U. P. R. K., Omaha 
 
 T. H. GOODMAN, 
 
 G. P. A., C. P. R. R.jSan Francisco 
 
 [SEE NEXT PAGE.} 
 
SEOET-TEIP OUIDE.^ ANNO UNCEMENTS. 
 
 THE 
 
 Union & Central Pacific Line. 
 
 TRIP AROUND THE WORLD. 
 
 From ATLANTIC CITIES to OMAHA, (Nebraska), via the Great 
 Trunk Lines of Railway, — about 1,400 miles, in 50 hours. 
 
 From OMAHA to SAN FRANCISCO, (California), via Union and 
 Central Pacific Railroads, — 1,014 miles, in 4 days and 6 hours. 
 
 From SAN FRANCISCO to YOKOHAMA, (Japan), by Pacific Mail 
 Line Steamers, and by Australian and American Steamships, 4,700 miles, 
 in 22 days. 
 
 From YOKOHAMA to HONG KONG, (China), by Pacific Mail or 
 Peninsular and Oriental Steamers, — 1,600 miles, in 6 days. 
 
 From HONG KONG to CALCUTTA, (India), by Peninsular and 
 Oriental Steamers, — 3,500 miles, in 14 days. 
 
 Or from San Francisco to Calcutta via Australia, as follows : 
 
 From SAN FRANCISCO to HONOLULU, (Sandwich Islands), by 
 United States, New Zealand and Australia Mail Steamship Line, — 2,110 
 miles, in 10 days. 
 
 From HONOLULU to AUCKLAND, (New Zealand), by U. S., New 
 Zealand and Aus. S, S. Line, — 3,800 miles, in 14 days. 
 
 From AUCKLAND to SYDNEY, (Australia), by U. S., New Zealand 
 and Aus. S. S. Line, — 1,277 miles, in 5 days. 
 
 From SYDNEY to MELBOURNE, (Australia), by Peninsular and 
 Oriental Steamers, — 560 miles, in 3 days. 
 
 From MELBOURNE to GALLE, (Ceylon), by Peninsular and Ori- 
 ental Steainers,— t4,67o miles, in 21 days. 
 
 , From GALLE to CALCUTTA, (India), by Peninsular and Oriental 
 Steamers, — 1,315 miles, in 7 days. 
 
 From CALCUTTA to BOMBAY, (India), by the East Indian and 
 Great Indian Peninsular Railways, — 1,400 miles, in 2 days. 
 
 From BOMBAY to SUEZ, (Egypt), by Peninsular and Orient^ 
 Steamers, — 3,600 miles, in 14 days. 
 
 From SUEZ to ALEXANDRIA, (Egypt), by Rail along the Suez 
 <^anal, — 225 miles, in 12 hours. 
 
 From ALEXANDRIA to BRINDISI, (Italy), by Peninsular and 
 . oriental Steamers, — 850 miles, in 3 days. 
 
 From BRINDISI to LONDON, (England), by Rail, via Paris or the 
 F jine, — 1,200 miles, in 3 days. 
 
 From LONDON to LIVERPOOL, (England), by Railway,— apo 
 miles, in 5 hours. 
 
 From LIVERPOOL to ATLANTIC CITIES, (America), by either of 
 the Great Atlantic S. S. Lines, — 3,000 miles, in 10 days. ^ 
 
 Total distance, 23, 589 miles. Time, 81 days. 
 
 OFFICES: 
 
 No, 287 Broadway^ New York, 
 
 Cor, Atth T&wnsend Sts., Satt Pfancisco ; ^and ' 
 Gen€ 7 ‘al Foreign Agency, IV, C, THOMPSON, 
 
 22 Moorgate St., London, 
 
 •^SEE PRECEDING PAGE.!- 
 
SHORT- TRIP G UIPR—AHHO UHGEMHHTS. 
 
 THE PENNSYLVANIA RAILROAD 
 
 IS THE GREAT 
 
 OF THE UNITED STATES. 
 
 n •■'R A VERSES the most interesting portions of the North American Con- 
 tinent and unites by unbroken tracks all the principal Cities on the Atlantic 
 Coast ’.n the Great Lakes and in the Mississippi Valley. 
 
 THROUGH TRAINS 
 
 arc run between New York, Philadelphia, Baltimore and Washington, in the 
 East, and Buffalo, Niagara Falls, Erie, Cleveland, Toledo, Chicago, St. Louis, 
 Cincinnati and Louisville, in the North, West and South-west. 
 
 THE PENNSYLVANIA RAILROAD 
 
 IS THE 
 
 Best Constructed Railway on 
 the American Continent 
 
 ITS MAIN LINES are laid with a DOUBLE TRACK OF STEEL RAILS, 
 secured on Oak Ties imbedded in broken-stone ballast, which renders them 
 impervious to the action of frosts or freshets, and prevents annoyance from dust. 
 Ail bridges are of iron or stone. 
 
 THE PENNSYLVANIA RAILROAD 
 
 RUNS THE 
 
 Most Perfect Rolling Stock in the World. 
 
 ITS ENGINES are models of mechanical excellence, and its Passenger Cars 
 are unequalled for comfort, elegance and strength. Superior Hotels and 
 Eating Houses are provided at all essential points. 
 
 THE PENNSYLVANIA RAILROAD 
 
 ENFORCES UPON ITS EMPLOYES 
 
 STRICT COURTESY AND POLITENESS, 
 
 IN THEIR INTERCOURSE with the public, and uses every effort to sccurt 
 the comfort and contribute to the enjoyment of its patrons. 
 
 THE PENNSYLVANIA RAILROAD 
 
 RUNS TRAINS FOR GREATER DISTANCES, 
 without stoppage, than any other line in the world. 
 
 THE PENNSYLVANIA RAILROAD 
 
 li acknowledged to be among the most successful and beneficial enters 
 prises of the century. 
 
 {See current Time Tablets) 
 
8II0RT-TRTP GUIDE-- AJSfmUNGEMRFTS. 
 
 Baltijnore and Ohio Railroad, 
 
 THE 
 
 GREAT NATIONAL ROUTE, 
 
 THE SHORTEST ROUTE 
 
 •FROM 
 
 BALTIMORE AND WASHINGTON 
 
 TO 
 
 Pittsburg, Cincinnati, Columbus, Chicago, Indianapolis, 
 St. Louis, Kansas City, Denver, St. Joseph, Omaha, 
 San Francisco, Louisville, Nashville, Memphis, 
 Vicksburg, New Orleans, Mobile, Galves- 
 ton, and all the leading cities of the 
 West, South-West and the 
 North-West, 
 
 The Route passes through splendid scenery of the Potomac Ri-ver, Alle- 
 gheny and Cheat Mountains^ West Eirginia^ Ohio^ ^c. 
 
 DOUBLE-TRACK, STEEL-RAIL AND STONE-BAL- 
 LASTED ROAD. 
 
 Magnificent Day Passenger Cars, Pullman Drawing Room 
 Day and Sleeping Coaches, through to Cincinnati, 
 Chicago, St. Louis and Pittsburg,, without change. 
 
 The Great Public Thoroughfare between the South, South East, West, 
 and North- Wesu 
 
 L M. OOLEvGen’l Ticket Agt., THOS. P. B AEET, 
 
 £. R. DORSET, Asst. G. T. A., Western Passenger Agent, 
 
 BALTIMORE. Cincinnati. 
 
 F. W, RANKIN, Eastern Passenger Agent, 
 
 31 <5 Broadway, New York, 
 
ANNO UNCEMENTS, 
 
 CNi:.XFOMNTN, 
 
 THE CHICAGO & NORTH-WESTERN RAILWAY 
 Embraces under one manag’ement the Great Trunk Railway Lines 
 of the WEST AN1& NOMTM-WEST. Its 
 
 OMAMA AN© CAIilFOMNIA EINE 
 Is the shortest and best Route for all points in Northern Illinois, 
 Iowa, Dakota, Nebraska, Wyoming, Colorado, Utah, Nevada, Cali- 
 fornia, Oregon, China, Japan and Australia. Its 
 CMICA€^©, ST. PAUE AN© MINNEAP<[>IiIS EINE 
 Is the short line for Northern Wisconsin and Minnesota, and for 
 Madison, St. Paul. Minneapolis, Duluth and all points in the great 
 Northwest. Its 
 
 CMICACIO AN© MULWAPMEE EINE 
 Is the old Lake Shore Route, and is the only one passing through 
 Evanston, Lake Forest, Highland Park, Waukegan, Racine, Ke- 
 nosha to Milwaukee. 
 
 Fullmaxa. Palace Sleeping’ Cars 
 
 are run on all through trains on all divisions of this road. 
 
 This is the ONLY LINE running these cars between Chicago and 
 St. Paul, Chicago and Milwaukee, or Chicago and Winona. 
 
 UNRIVALLED ! 
 
 PUIiliMAN PALiATIAiL ©KAWING-KOOM 
 
 HOTEL Oj^ES. 
 
 These celebrated Cars are run over the Chicago <& North-Western 
 Railway, AKiONE, between Chicago and Omaha. 
 
 No otlser road riiias tliiis or any otlaer form of Motel 
 Car !l>etweesa CSaicago and Omalaa. 
 
 This Line of Hotel Cars was built expressly for the Chicago & North- 
 Western Railway’s CAf,iIF01SNIA liSNE, and runs over it 
 daily each way between C MIC A GO and COUNCBIj BEXIFFS. 
 
 No expense has been spared in the construction of these Cars, the 
 Company being cletemnined to excel all former productions, and pre- 
 sent to the Traveling Public a line of Hotels on Wheels, that ivill em- 
 brace all the Magnificence, Comfort and Luxury of the best Hotels in 
 the country. 
 
 Through Tickets via this Route can be procured at all Ticket 
 Offices in the United States and Canadas. 
 
 New York Office, No. 415 Broadway ; Boston Office, No. 5 State 
 Street ; San Francisco Office, No. 4, New Montgomery Street ; Chi- 
 cago Ticket Offices. 
 
 For rates or information not attainable from your home ticket 
 agents, apply to 
 
 W. H. Stennett, Marvin Hughitt, 
 
 Gen. Pass. Ag’t, Chicago. Gen. Man’g., Chicago 
 
SHORT-TRIP OUIBB— ANNOUNCEMENTS. 
 
 HOW TO GO WEST! 
 
 TAKE THE 
 
 CHICAGO, BnELMTON MMCY E. B. 
 
 THE FAVORITE ROUTE 
 
 To ALL POINTS in the WEST and SOUTH- 
 WEST. The ONLY LINE between 
 
 CHICAGO AND OMAHA 
 
 running PULLMAN’S DINING CARS, PAL- 
 ATIAL DINING AND BREAKFASTING 
 SALOONS ON WHEELS. 
 
 Sumptuous Meals for 75 cents, at thirty miles per hour, is the travel- 
 ing climax of this progressive age, introducing novelty, and adding pleas- 
 ure as well as comfort to the usual tedium of a long journey. 
 
 THROUGH DAY and SLEEPING COACHES by this route, with- 
 out change, BETWEEN CHICAGO and OMAHA and CHICAGO and 
 .KANSAS CITY. 
 
 TRAVELERS destined to Burlington^ Council Bluffs^ Omaha., Lin- 
 coln., Denver. Salt Lake^ Sacramento., San Francisco. Quincy., Hannibal., 
 St, Joseph. Atchison. Leavenworth, Lawrence. Kansas City, Topeka, or 
 points in the Indian Territory and Tejcas, should consult their safety, 
 comfort and pleasure, by orocuring their tickets via C. B. & Q, (^‘THE 
 BURLINGTON ROUTE,”) for sale at all ticket offices. 
 
 For rates on Freight and further information, apply at the Company’s 
 Offices ; 
 
 BOSTON — 222 Washington Street. 
 
 NEW YORK — 317 Broadway. 
 
 CHICAGO — 59 South Clark Street, and Union Depot. 
 LIVERPOOL, England — 16 South Castle Street. 
 LONDON “ — 13 Queen Victoria Street. 
 
 W. B. STRONG, 
 
 Gen'l Sugt, Chkagt. 
 
 E. P. RIPLEY, 
 
 GerCl Eastern Agent ^ New York and Boston. 
 
ANNO UNCEMENTS. 
 
 BOUND BROOK ROUTE, 
 
 NEW YORK and PHILADELPHIA. 
 
 Fast Time! Elegant Cars ! SmoJtli Track ! Ne Smoke nor Dust! 
 
 Are the special tie*) of this Route. 
 
 SEVEN DAILY THROUGH TRAINS 
 
 With Parlor and Sleeping Cars^ 
 
 Between Philadelphia and New York, 
 
 TPY. TI-IE ISTEIW X.INIL I 
 
 Passenger Depot in New York : Central E. E. of New Jer- 
 sey, foot of Liberty Street, North Eiver, 
 
 Passenger Depot in Philadelphia: North Penna. E. R., 
 Third and Berks Sts. 
 
 F. H. SAYLOR, Gen. Manager. 
 
 NORTH PENNSYLVANIA RAILROAD. 
 
 THIS SHORT AND FAVORITE ROUTE 
 
 FROM PHILAliELPfflA TO NIAGARA FALLS, 
 
 Passing through the beautiful Lehigh, Wyoming and Susquehanna 
 Valleys, contains some of the most picturesque scenery in the coun- 
 try, Passengers have privilege of visiting en route such celebrated 
 places of resort as Bethlehem, Mauch Chunk, Switchback, Wilkes- 
 barre, Scranton, Ithaca, Geneva, Auburn, Seneca Lake, Rochester, 
 Buffalo, Clifton Springs, &c. 
 
 EXCURSION TICKETS AT REDUCED RATES, 
 to all principal Watering Places in the 
 
 NORTHERN STATES and CANADA. 
 
 First-class equipment. Parlor and Sleeping Cars, smooth track and 
 entire freedom from dust and smoke, are the specialties of this route. 
 
 PASSENGER DEPOT IN PHILADELPHIA, 
 
 Corner of THIRD and BERKS STS. 
 
 Ticket Offices, S. E. cor. Fifth and Chestnut Streets, 
 732 Chestnut St., cor. %th St., and 1351 Chestnut St., 
 corner of Broad. ELLIS CLARK, Gen. Agent. 
 
ANNO UNCEMENTS, 
 
 EW |I 
 
 ERSEY 
 
 
 OUTHERN 
 
 RAILEOAD LINE. 
 
 Tine only Line between New York and Pliiladelpliia. 
 
 VIA LONG BRANCH AND THE SEA SHORE. 
 
 Monmouth Park, 
 Toms River, 
 TVarktown, 
 
 Barn EG AT. 
 Forked River, 
 Tuckerton, 
 
 Favorite Route for 
 
 Long; Branck, 
 Ocean Grove, 
 Beacli Haven, 
 
 Highlands, 
 Skabihgiit, 
 :Monmolth Beach, 
 Red Bank, 
 Eaiontown, 
 
 Bricks BURG. 
 
 The fast and favorite Steamer 
 
 "JESSE HOYT.” 
 
 The magnificent floating palace 
 
 Five tripii per day, during tlie pleasure-season. 
 
 (See daily papers and bills, for time-tables.) 
 
 Depot in New York, Pier 8, N. R , foot of Rector Street ; in Philadel 
 pbia, foot Market Street, and 700 & 732 Cbestnut Street. 
 
 W. S. SNEDEN, General Manager, 
 
 CHAS. P. IfloFADDIN, Gen. Ticket Ascent. 
 
SHORT-TRIP GUIDE.— ANNOUNCEMENTS. 
 
 'r H E 
 
 ATLANTIC CO/STLINM^ILWAY. 
 
 IDZIREOT ISO'CT'I’E 
 
 TO 
 
 FLORIDA, NEW ORLEANS AND THE SOUTH. 
 
 THE QUICKEST ROUTE TO 
 
 Columbia, Aiken, Augusta, Charleston, Savannah, 
 Jacksonville, Macon, Coiumbus, Montgomery, 
 Mobile, New Orleans, South-West Georgia, 
 
 AND ALL. ATLANTIC COAST LINE CITIES. 
 
 64 hours to New Orleans and 14^ hours quicker to JACK- 
 SONVILLE, Florida, than any other railway line between 
 the NOR'IH AND SOU'IU. 
 
 Pullman Sleeping Cars on all night trains, and Parlor Cars 
 by day. Baggage checked through to destination. 
 
 TICKETS GOOD UNTIL USED. 
 
 Through Tickets via this Line, chairs, berths and sections in 
 parlor and sleeping cars secured, and all information, given in 
 
 NEW YORK, 
 
 At Atlantic Coast JLine Office, 229 Broadway, Opposite 
 New Bost Office, 
 
 261, 315, 526 Broadway: No, 1 Astor House; at the offices of the New York 
 Transfer Co., 944 Broadway, and at offices of Pennsylvania R. R. Co., foot of 
 Cortlandt and besbrosses Sts. ; Dodd’s Express, No. 4 Court St., Brooklyn. 
 IN JERSEY CITY, JPennsylvania Bailroad Depot. 
 
 IN PHILADELPHIA, 
 
 700 Chestnut St. ; 838 hes'nut St. : S. E. cor. B oad and Chestnut Sts., and at 
 Philadelphia, Wilmington dc Baltimore R. R. Depot, cor. Broad and Prime Sts. 
 IN OALTlf^ORE, 
 
 At Atlantic Coast Bine Office, No. 9 German Street, 
 
 W. H. FITZGERALD, Agent. 
 
 S E. cor. West Baltimore and Calvert Sts ; N. E. cor. West Baltimore and 
 Calvert Sts. ; 157 Baltimore ."^t. ; at Camden Station, Baltimore A' Ohio R. R. ; 
 Baltimore & Potomac R. R. ; also, at Niagara Falls, Canandaigua, Elmira, 
 Syracuse, Buffalo, and all intermediats points on Northern Central R. R. 
 
 IN WASHINGTON, 
 
 602 Pennsylvania Ave. ; cor. Sixth St. and Pennsylvania Ave. ; cor. Thirteenth 
 St. and Pennsylvania Ave. ; Depot Alexandria & Fredericksburg Railway; on 
 board Potomac Steamers, foot of Seventh St. 
 
 IH RICHJVIOND, 
 
 Apply at office of Richmond & Petersburg R. R.. or at Garber A Co.’s, No. 826 
 Main St., and Exchange Hotel. 
 
 A. POPE, Gen^l Pass, and Ticket Ag’ent. 
 
UJSTGEMEJSrrS, 
 
 m [JltMi. MllMlffi k ST. Pit MIlflY 
 
 Is the Great Through Line! 
 
 CHICAGO-NORTHWEST, 
 
 Wisconsin, uortnern Iowa, Minnesota, DaKota, ManitoOa and tlie Blacit Hills, 
 
 And is the only Company owning a line of Railway 
 
 — FKOM— 
 
 It is also tie OILY EAlLTOJ COMPANY Oy wnose Line 
 •n-iiaLOTTonEs: - . ■ x o xs: ass t js 
 
 ARB OK CAN BE ISSUED 
 
 Yia CHICAGO and MILWAUKEE, 
 
 TO— 
 
 Watertown, Sparta, La Crosse, YViiiona, St. Paul and Minneapolis! 
 or Madison, Prairie du Cliien, McGregor, Charles City, Mason 
 City, Anstin, Owatonna, St. Paul and Minneapolis. 
 
 Tielcets to St. Paul and Minneapolis by this road are good either via 
 Madison, McGregor, Owatonna and Faribault, or via Watertown, 
 Sparta, La Crosse and Winona. 
 
 It is the ONLY RAIL ROUTE to these celebrated SUMMER 
 RESORTS and Business Centres, viz : 
 
 PEV7AXTKEE, HAETLAND, NASHOTAH, OGONOMOWOC, Port- 
 age, ICILBOTJRN CiTY, Tomah, WAUKESHA, PALMYRA, 
 Whitev/ater, Broihead, Monroe, Edgerton, Lone 
 Rock, Roscobel, Horicon, Beaver Dam, 
 
 Fox Lake, Waupun, Berlin and Winneconne in Wisconsin ; 
 Calmar, Deccrah and Algona, in Iowa ; Wabasha, Read’s 
 Landing, Lake City, FRONTEHAC, Red Wing, 
 Hasting'S, Faribault, Farmington, PRIOR 
 LAKE and Glencoe, in Minnesota. 
 
 Watering Places and Summer Resorts in Capitals. 
 
 CHtCAGO Bkpot, corner Canal and West Madison Sts. Horse Cars 
 and Stage Lines for all parts of the city constantly passing. 
 
 Chicago Cut Office, 61 and 63 Clark St. 
 
 Palace Sleeping Cars and Day Coaches, with Westinghouse’fl 
 Improved Automatic Air-Brake on all through trains. 
 
 S. S. MERRILL, A. V. H. CARPENTER, 
 
 General Manager. Gen. Pass, and Ticket Agent. 
 
 JHO. C. GAULT, 
 
 Asst. General Manager. 
 
SHOE T- TRIP 0 HIDE— ANNO UN CEMENTS. 
 
 IS'Z'T’. 
 
 HUDSON RIVER 
 
 BY 
 
 DAYLIGHT. 
 
 Albany and New York 
 
 DAY LINE 
 
 ©F 
 
 STEAMBOATS. 
 
 The fast, commodrous and favorite 
 steamers, 
 
 VIBBARD/’ 
 
 AND 
 
 “DANIEL DREW,” 
 
 LEAVING NEW YORK 
 
 FROM FOOT OF VESTRY ST., 
 
 Pier 39 North River, 
 
 AND ALBANY 
 
 FROM FOOTOF HAMILTON ST. 
 
 DAILY, SUNDAYS EXCEPTED, 
 
 tifne., see Ne^v York daily- 
 fapers.l 
 
 Landing at tho Prircipal Points on thsi 
 Hudson Eiver. 
 
 Affords the best mode of enjoying 
 THE UNSURPASSED SCfJNEUY, 
 And of reaching the . 
 Catskill Mountain tiousi;, 
 
 And all points West by 
 N. Y. CENTRAL R.R. 
 
 ISAAC L. welsh. 
 
 General Ticket Agents 
 
 Nkw York. 
 
ANNO UNGEMENT 8 . 
 
 AFTERNOON BOAT 
 
 FROM 
 
 NEW TORN TO WEST POINT, NEWBOOG, POUGNKEEPSIE, 
 
 RONDOUT AND KINGSTON. 
 
 THE SPLENDID AND FAVORITE STEAMER 
 
 MAR Y POIVELL 
 
 Leaves New York, every afternoon at 3.30, from VESTRY 
 STREET PIER, for WEST POINT, NEWBURG, 
 POUGHKEEPSIE, RONDOUT and KINGSTON ; 
 landing at CORNWALL^ MILTON^ and other popular 
 places ; passing 
 
 Through the Highlands by Daylight, 
 
 and affording unequalled facilities for reaching the places 
 named, and enjoying the noble scenery of the Hudson. 
 
 d^^This always magnificent Steamer, just refitted at great 
 cost, and with large additional power, is now the type 
 
 FLOATlNd PALACE OF AMERICAN RIVERL. 
 
 Returning, leaves Rondout every morning at 5.30 A. M., 
 reaching New York at 10.30. 
 
8H0BT TBIP GUIDE.-^ ANNOUNCEMENTS. 
 
 ^UQti€e sp-rs 
 
 r. ALBANS 
 
 Isse^iJc. 
 fy^GTCW 
 
 ^TgeTi7ie\ 
 
 fitting- 
 Pitt 
 
 RUTLAND 
 
 PEOPLE’S LINE 
 
 OF 
 
 STEAMERS 
 
 BETWEEN 
 
 New York and Albany. 
 
 Rooms heated by steam during 
 the cool months. 
 
 New York to Albany.^ 
 
 STEAMERS 
 
 DREW, 
 
 D. RICHMOND, 
 
 Monday^ Tuesday., 
 
 Wednesday., Thursday., 
 
 Friday., Saturday y 
 
 From Pier 41, North River, 
 (Near Jersey City Ferry, Desbrosses Street.) 
 
 AT 6:00 P. M. 
 
 Connecting with Trains of New 
 York Central, Albany & Susque- 
 j hauna, Rensselaer & Saratoga, and 
 K Boston & Albany Railways ; and 
 oMitve. Lake Champlain Steamers. 
 
 j Ticket.-, at the Office on the 
 
 . i Wharf; also at Dodd’s Express Of- 
 T fices, 944 Broadway, New York, and 
 / I No. I Court Street, Brooklyn. 
 
 Passengers leaving Wash- 
 ington at 8.00 A. M., Baltimore at 
 Q.25 A. M., Philadelphia at 1.30 
 P. M., arrive in New York at 5.15 
 P. M., in time to connect as above, 
 
 Albany to N'ew York^ 
 
 STEAMERS 
 
 DEEW, 
 
 Tuesday y 
 
 Thursday y 
 Saturday y 
 
 D. EICHMOND, 
 
 Monday, 
 
 Wednesday, 
 
 Friday y 
 
 From Steamboat Landing, 
 
 AT 8:15 P. M., 
 
 On arrival of Trains Irom North 
 and West. 
 
 Cars from Saratoga and the North 
 go to the boats. 
 
 ^^^Tickets to Philadelphia, Bal- 
 timore, and Washington City, for 
 sale on the Boats. 
 
 Hudson River Railroad Tickets 
 taken for passage, including State 
 Room Berth. 
 
 S. E. MAYO, 
 
 GerCl Pass. Agt., New York. 
 
AMERICAN HOTELS. 
 
ANNO UNGEMENTS. 
 
 WINDSOR HOTEL, Fifth Avenue, 
 
 FORTY. SIXTH and FORTY-SKVENTH STREETS, New York City. 
 One of the most elegant, costly and perfect Hotels in America. 
 
 HAWK, WAITE & WETHERBEE, Proprietors. 
 
 BREVOORT HOUSE, 
 
 FIFTH AVENUE, 
 
 Near WASHINGTON SQUARE, 
 
 NEW YORK. 
 
 A quiet Hotel, with a Restaurant of peculiar excel- 
 . lence. 
 
 Its patrons are of the best familiee of this country and 
 Europe. 
 
 C. C. WAITE, 
 
 Resident Proprietor^ 
 
SEOR T- TRIP G UIDE.—AENO UNGEMMNTS. 
 
 WEST END HOTEL, 
 
 Long Branch, N. J. 
 PRESBURY HILDRETH, Proprietors. 
 
 GEO. G. PRESBURY, JR. D. M. HILDRETH. 
 
SEORT-TBIP GUIDE.— ANEOUECEMENTS. 
 
 HOWLAND’S HOTEL, 
 
 Long Branch, N. J. 
 
 HENRY HOWLAND & SON, 
 
 Managers. 
 
 One of the oldest established houses on the Long 
 Branch shore ; recently rebuilt with all modern im- 
 provements ; and for many years 
 
 / F1I|ST FAY0I|ITE /S A FAMILY HOTEL. 
 
 Coaches at all Trains during the Season. 
 
 PAVILION HOTEL, 
 
 Long Branch, N. J. 
 
 SAMUEL C. MORRIS, Proprietor. 
 
 This House is situated on the margin of the Atlan- 
 tic Ocean, embracing a front of over two hundred 
 and fifty feet. 
 
 Families wishing to spend the season at a watering 
 place can be accommodated in the most comfortable 
 manner and on moderate terms. 
 
 Particular attention paid to the comfort ot Ladies. 
 
 COACHES AT ALL TRAINS. 
 
SIIORT.TRIP OUIDS--ANNOUNOEMENTS. 
 
 COZZENS’ HOTEL, 
 
 West Point. N. Y. 
 
 GOODSELL BROTHERS, Proprietors. 
 
 Coaches will await the arrival of every Train and Steam. 
 BOAT at COZZENS’ DoCK TO CONVEY PASSENGERS 
 TO THE Hotel 
 
 Passengers via Hudson River R. R. should stop at 
 
 GARRISON’S STATION, 
 
 AND TAKE FERRY BOAT TO COZZENS’ LANDING. 
 
 Hotel entirely refitted and redecorated. 
 
 PRICES REDUCED TO ACCORD WITH THE TIMES. 
 
 KITTATINNY HOUSE. 
 
 Delaware Water-Gap, 
 
 PENNSYLVANIA. 
 
 The original and favorite house at the Water-Gap, with a 
 charming location, every comfort and convenience, and a 
 summer list of visitors averaging three thousand. 
 
 WATER-GAP HOUSE. 
 
 More modern house, erected in 1S72, on ground still 
 higher than the Kittatinny, and commanding unequalled 
 views of the fine natural scenery of the Gap. 
 
 Z. IV, BRODHEAD BRO,y Proprietors, 
 
ANNO UNCEMENTS. 
 
 THE 
 
 CONTINENTAL HOTEL 
 
 PHILADELPHIA . 
 
 J. E. KINGSLEY & CO., Proprietors. 
 
 One of the largest and most magnificent Hotels in 
 America, located on 
 
 CHESTNUT ST, COR. NINTH, 
 
 At the actual centre of the city and convenient to places 
 of amusement and all points of interest. Has 500 rooms ; 
 passenger elevator ; two great lines of telegraph to all 
 points ; every variety of carriage facility ; is passed by 
 street cars, and offers every attention, alike for the hurried 
 visits of the tourist or for more leisurely residence. 
 
SlIO U T- TRLF G UIDE.—ANNO UNCEMENTS. 
 
 LA PIERRE HOUSE, 
 
 BROAD ST, NEAR CHESTNUT, PHILADELPHIA. 
 
 ]. B. BUTTERWORTH, Proprietor. 
 
 Passenger Lift, Telegraph Office, and all modern improvements 
 and luxuries. 
 
 MOUNT VERNON HOTEL, 
 
 8 1 West Monument Street, 
 
 BALTIMORE. 
 
 Conducted on the European Plan. 
 
 This superb edifice, located in the most fashionable 
 part of the city, is now open for the reception of guests. 
 Its appointments are of the most approved character, 
 and the tables arc supplied with every luxury this and 
 foreign markets afford. It has heretofore been patron- 
 ized extensively by European travellers, as well as by 
 men of eminence and distinction of this country. 
 
8U0RT-TRIP G TJIBE—ANNO UNGEMEFTS. 
 
 THE ARLINGTON, 
 
 WASHI}mTOJ<!, (D. C. 
 
 Admitted to be the most thoroughly enjoyable of all 
 the hotels of the National Metropolis, in location, ar- 
 rangement and management. 
 
 T. ROESSLE & SON, 
 
 Owners and Proprietors. 
 IN CONNECTION, THE 
 
 Fort William Henry Hotel, 
 
 LAKE GEO<RQE, Ef. Y. 
 
 This magnificent house is located at the most beauti- 
 ful spot on the shore of Horicon ” ( the site of old 
 Fort William Henry); is fitted with all modern conven- 
 iences, and has accommodation for nine hundred persons. 
 
 Open June 1st, 1877, with Reduced Terms. 
 
 To Boarders for tite Season, $15 00, $17.50 and $21.00 
 per week, accordintr to location of rooms ; 
 Transient Guests, $4.00 per day.. 
 
A NJVO UAfCKMKNrs. 
 
 MOORE’S HOTEL. 
 
 TRENTON FALLS, 
 
 New York. 
 
 This first-class hotel is located immediately in the neigh- 
 borhood of these, the handsomest Falls in America, and 
 among the finest in the World ; and from it every facility is 
 to be obtained for viewing them to advantage. 
 
 M. MOORE, Proprietor. 
 
ANNOUNCEMENTS, 
 
 Largest and most pleasantly situated of any at Niagara ; 
 nearest to the Falls, and the only one containinir all modern 
 improvements. New RIVER PARLORS extending 100 
 feet over the Rapids, and commanding unequalled view. 
 
 OMNIBUSES AND POETERS AT ALL TEAINS. 
 
 Railroad, Steamboat and Telegraph Offices in the Hotel. 
 Peices Reduced to Suit the Times.. 
 
 INTERNATIONAL HOTEL, 
 
 T<r iagara. Falls, 
 
SnOBT-TEIP GUIDE— ANNOUJSfCEMEJSTS, 
 
 THE 
 
 RUSSELL HOUSE, 
 
 DETROIT, 
 
 Michigan. 
 
 WITBECK, CHITTENDEN & CO., 
 
 Prop7'ietors, 
 
 This House, handsomely as well as conveniently situ- 
 ated in the most eligible portion of the admittedly beau- 
 tiful City of the Straits,” enjoys the reputation of 
 being one of the 
 
 HOTEL ATTRACTIONS OF THE NORTH-WEST, 
 
 And the peculiarity of being visited by 
 
 People oj Distinction, American and Foreign, 
 
 To a degree seldom equalled elsewhere. 
 
 All Modern Conveniences and Elegancies 
 
SnORT-TRIP 6 UWE.— announcements. 
 
 T M E 
 
 GRAND PACIFIC HOTEL, 
 
 CHICAGO, ILLINOIS, 
 
 U. S. A. 
 
 One of the largest (’naving aver 500 rooms), best arrangeef, 
 finest ventilated and most elegantly furnished Hotels in 
 America. Has all the different safeguards against £re, 
 which makes it 
 
 PRACTICALLY FIRE PROOF. 
 
 With a froniage east, south, west and north of over 
 i,cx)o feet. 
 
 Prices according to location? of roomSy but on moderate scale t® 
 accord with the times. 
 
 l,OHN B. DRAKE & CO., Fropndors. 
 
LAieEST 
 
 A XAO (r\(A^JlfXX7 S. 
 
 CITY 
 
8H0B T- TRIP O UIDE—ANNO UNCEMENT8. 
 
 THE LINDELL HOTEL. 
 
 BUSINKSS and society HOTKL OF 
 Sc- XjOYTis, JVJLissoYLiri- 
 GRISWOLD, CLEMENT & SCUDDER, Proprietors. 
 
SHOE T- THJl ’ a [TIDE. —A NNO UN CEMENTS. 
 
 CLIFTON HOUSE, 
 
 Niagara Falls. 
 
 {Canada Side,) 
 
 COLBURN & McOMBER, Proprietors. 
 
 Has advantages over all others, in the unequaled view 
 of the Falls and Rapids, to be obtained from the windows 
 and piazzas of the Hotel. 
 
 Rooms cn suite or singly, Superior accommodations 
 for families spending the season. Transient board at 
 reasonable terms. Commutation Tickets for passing over 
 the New Suspension Bridge, immediately adjoining. 
 
 Attendance excellent, and rates moderate. 
 
 THE 
 
 Russell 
 
 OTTAWA, 
 
 Canada. 
 
 This Hotel is the largest and only first-class house in the city. 
 It is fitted, furnished and kept as an unexceptional first-class 
 Hotel, combining modern elegance, comfort and economy. It 
 has ample accommodation for five hundred guests, and is delight- 
 fully and centrally situated, being in close proximity to the Parlia- 
 ment Buildings, the Post Office, and all the points of interest. 
 
. 1 NNO VNCIOJKJST 
 
 One of the Largest Hotels in the Dominion of Canada, and the most 
 eonvenient to the Great Western, Union and Korthern Rail way Stations, 
 Steamboat Pieis, and the business portion of the city. Stands on Front 
 Street, between Bay and York ; has every modern convenience, accom- 
 modation for 500 guests; Lawn, Croquet Grounds, &c.; has received the 
 Grand Duke Alexis, Lord Dufferin (Governor-General), and many 
 ether distinguished persons ; and is selected by Cook for reception of 
 liis tourists in Canada. 
 
SEORT-TRIP GUIDE— ANNOUNCEMENTS. 
 
 Natural Bridge Hotel, 
 
 ROCKBRIDGE CO,, VIRGINIA, 
 
 A. LEAR, Superintendent. 
 
 This commodious and well-situated Hotel is in the immediate neighbor- 
 hood of that unparalleled luonder of naUtre, the NATURAL BRIDGE^ 
 admitted to be among the grandest of the rock-works of the continent 
 and far superior to the world-famed Giant’s Causeway of Ireland. 
 
 The Hotel offers comfortable accommodations for loo guests, and oflfers 
 a.pleasant Summer Home for families. 
 
 Connections to the Bridge and Hotel, by stage from Goshen Depot of 
 the Chesapeake and Ohio Railroad ; by stage from Bonsack’s, Ohio and 
 Mississippi Railroad ; by stage from Gilmore’s Mill, Chesapeake and 
 Ohio Canal, from Lynchburg and Richmond. 
 
 Pavilion Hotel, 
 
 BERKELEY SPRINGS, 
 
 West Virginia. 
 
 JOHN T. TREGO, Proprietor. 
 
 The Pavilion is the leading house of this old and justly celebrated' 
 Bathing and Watering Place; is large, commodious and well kept, and 
 supplies the 
 
 PLE/S/NTEST SUMMER RESORT VIRGINIA. 
 
 The most extensive and perfectly arranged Medicinal Baths in 
 America, connected with t^e Hotel. 
 
 Accessible by stage-ride of miles, from Sir John’s RuN.sta* 
 tion of the Baltimore and Ohio Railroad, from Baltimore, Washington 
 or the West. ‘ 
 

 
 / nU 
 
AMERICAN SPECIALTIES. 
 
ANNO UNCEMENTS. 
 
 jl^ooK, ^ojs ^ Jejskin^, 
 
 TOURIST OFFICE. 
 
 Ko* 2B1 Broadway^ Hsw York City* 
 
 Excursion Tickets for all Routes in America, (mcluding California^ 
 with Salt Lake City, Yosemitk Valley, the Geysers, &c., 
 and all the wonderful scenery of Colorado) ; to 
 
 ALL POINTS OF INTEREST IN THE AVEST AND SOUTH 
 THE AVHITE MOUNTAINS, 
 
 AND 
 
 ALL POINTS OF INTEREST IN THE EAST AND NORTH 
 
 AT 
 
 Rates heloio those Otherwise Attainable, 
 
 AND WITH 
 
 Combinations and Privileges Peculiar to their Arrangements, 
 
 TICKETS TO AND THROUGH EUROPE AND THE EAS7, 
 WITH OCEAN-CROSSING BY ALL LINES OF 
 STEAMERS, AND AT MARKED REDUC-^ 
 
 TIONS FROM ORDINARY 
 RATES. 
 
 “Cook’s Excursionist,’’ published monthly, price 10 cents, with 
 nearly one thousand specimen Tours and Combinations. 
 
 Branch Offices : Boston, 197 Washington St. ; Philadelphia, 1251 
 Chestnut St. ; AVashington, 820 F St. ; San Francisco, 3 New Mont^ 
 gomerySt. ; New Orleans, 35 Carondelet St. 
 
 THOMAS COOK &. SON, Ludgate Circus London. 
 
AA'JVO UNCEMRNTS. 
 
 A. CAMPKEILIL, PresidcBut. 
 
 A. F. BROWN, JNO. R. CAMPBELL. J. L. BROWER,; 
 
 'I'reasiu'er. ^acretary, u4,s•6*^. Sec'^y 
 
 Campbell Printing Press 
 
 AND 
 
 MANUFACTURING COMPANY. 
 
 OFFICE, 
 
 No. 39 Beekman Street^ Neio York. 
 
 FACTORY, 
 
 Wythe Atenue, Ileioes and Penn Streets, 
 Brooklyn, E. D., N. Y. 
 
 JIANUFACTUREKS OF 
 
 Rotary Perfecting Printing & Folding Machines, 
 
 ALSO 
 
 Cylincler* l?x*esses 
 
 pon 
 
 Book, Ncwsiiiaper, J'ob, Color tA Wood-Cut PriBitiisgo 
 
 The Campbell Presses are Endorsed by the Leading 
 Printers and Publishers in the United States. 
 
 Highest Award at the Philadelphia Centennial, 
 
 §ENI> FOB ILLUSTRATED CATALOGUE. 
 
SHOR T- TRIP 6 UIDE—A NN 0 UNCEMER' TS. 
 
 1846. THIRTY-SECOND YEAR. 1877. 
 
 THE 
 
 HOME JOURNAL, 
 
 ENLARGED AND IMPROVED, 
 
 Best Literary and Society Paper in 
 America.’’ 
 
 Its leading* departments comprise Editorials on topics of fresh interest; 
 Brilliant Romances, and Portraitures of American Life ; Editorial Re- 
 views of new events in the world of Belles-Lettres, Painting, Sculpture, 
 Science, Music, and the Drama ; Original Essays ; Ample Excerpts from 
 the best European Writers ; t picy Letters from Correspondents in all 
 the great Capitals of the World; Copious Extracts from New Books; 
 and racy accounts of sayings, happenings and doings in the Beau 
 Monde ; embracing the very freshest matters of interest in this country 
 and in Europe— the whole completely mirroring the wit and wisdom, the 
 humor and pathos, the news and sparkling gossip of the times. 
 
 SUBSCRIPTION. 
 
 Subscribers will receive back numbers when desired^ 
 
 FREE OF POSTAGE, 
 
 The Home Journal alone, one copy, one year $3.00 
 
 I copies, one year 6.#o 
 
 6 “ “ “ 9.00 
 
 TERMS FOR CLUBS; 
 
 The Home Journal and any $4 periodical (either Harper’s Magazine, 
 Harper’s Weeklv, Harper’s Bazar, Atlantic Monthly, Scribner’s 
 Monthly, The Galaxy, LippincoU’s Magazine, Appleton’s Journal, 
 Frank Leslie’s Ladies’ Journal, Frank Leslie’s Illustrated Newspaper, 
 Blackwood’s Magazine, Westminster Review, or anv of the English 
 Quarterlies republished here) will be sent for $5.2?, the full price being 
 {7. St. Nicholas for $4.50; full rates, |6.oo. Littell’s Living Age for 
 $8 .75 ; full price, $n. 
 
 Subscriptions will take date immediately, or at any time subscribew 
 prefer. Address the proprietors and publishers, 
 
 MORRIS PHILLIPS & CO., 
 
 No. 3 Park Place, New York, 
 
ANAV UNCEMENTS. 
 
 THE HIGHEST HONORS 
 
 AT THE 
 
 CENTENNIAL EXHIBITION. 
 
 The Judges unanimously recommended the 
 
 MENDELSSOHN PIANOS 
 
 FOR THE 
 
 DIPLOMA OF HONOR AND MEDAL OF MERIT, 
 
 Placing them in the Front Rank without a Superior. 
 
 PRICES REL.OW COMPETITION, 
 
 FOR STRICTLY FIRST-CLASS INSTRUMENTS. 
 
 $600 for $250. $650 for $275. 
 
 $700 for $300. $750 for $325. 
 
 $800 for $350. $900 for $400. 
 
 $1,000 for $450. 
 iVO COMMISSIONS TO AGENTS. 
 
 NO DISCOUNTS TO TEACHERS. 
 
 NO DEVIATION IN PRICE. 
 THE MENDELSSOHN 
 
 GRAND, SQUARE AND UPRIGHT PIANOS 
 
 contain valuable patents and improvements never before introduced. 
 
 Mathushek’s New Patent Duplex Overstrung Scale 
 
 is the greatest advance in the history of Piano making, producing 
 the most astonishing power, richness and depth of tone, and a sus- 
 taining singing qucdity never before attained, being a “ Grand Piano 
 IN A Square Case.” 
 
 THE MENDELSSOHN UPRIGHTS 
 
 are the finest in America. 
 
 They are pronounced the “Pianos of the Future.” 
 Manufactory and Warerooms : 
 
 Nos. 490, 492, 494, 496 and 498 West Fifty-seventh St., 
 Nos. 858, 860, 862, 864, 868 and 870 Tenth Avenue. 
 PIANOS SENT ON TRIAL. 
 
 Illustrated and Descriptive Catalogue mailed free. 
 MENREESSOHN PIANO CO., 
 
 Business Office, 
 
 No. 56 BROADWAY, N. Y. 
 
SHORT-TRIP U VIDE— ANNO UNCEMENTS. 
 
 THE 
 
 SPUR OF MONMOUTH; 
 
 OR, 
 
 Washington in Arms. 
 
 A Historical and Centennial 
 
 ROMANCE OF THE REVOLUTION 
 
 From Personal Recollections and Documents never 
 before made Public, 
 
 By an Ex-Pension Agent. 
 
 Tliird Edition. IN ow Tteady I 
 BY 
 
 CLAXTON, REMSEN & HAFFELFINGER, 
 Publishers and Booksellers, 
 
 624 to 628 Market Street, 
 
 PHILADELiaJIA. 
 
SHORT- TRIP a UIDE. —ARNO UNCEMESTTS. 
 
 HELMBOLD’S 
 
 TEMPLE OE PHARMACY, 
 
 CONTINENTAL, HOTEL, 
 
 PHILADELPHIA, PENNA. 
 
 PRESCRIPTIONS 
 Carefully compounded with Pure Drugs and Chemicals. 
 
 IMPORTER OF 
 
 French, German and English Perfumery, 
 Soaps, Pomades, Toilet Articles, &c. 
 
 COMPLETE LINE OF LADIES’ REQUISITES. 
 Principal Agent of 
 
 ATKINSON’S, LUBIN’S AND LETGHFORD’S PERFUMERY. 
 
 Sole Agent for 
 
 GOLDEN HAIR FL UID, 
 
 L’AUREOLINE DE ROBARE. 
 
 Patronage of the public is respectfully solicited, 
 
 ALBERT L. HELM BOLD. 
 
 Principal Depot for tHe sale of Helmbold’s Genuine 
 Preparations • 
 
 Helmbold s Extract Buchuy 
 
 ‘‘ Extract Sarsaparilla. 
 
 ‘‘ Improved Rose Wash & Catawba Pflls. 
 
 OPEN ALL NIGHT. 
 
SHORT-TRIP GUIDE— ANNOUNCEMENTS. 
 
 Travelers’ Official Guide 
 
 OF THE 
 
 RAILWAYS & STEAM NAVIGATION LINES 
 
 IN THE 
 
 UNITED STATES &. CANADA. 
 
 The only Guide recognized by the United States Government, and 
 sailroad officers, as the standard authority for time, distances, and other 
 statistics relative to railroads. 
 
 MOISTTHIuY, 
 
 under the auspices of the General Ticket Agents’ Association, and 
 sold by all news agents and periodical dealers throughout the United 
 States and Canada ; also, at the various railroad depots and on trains. 
 This is the best advertising medium in the country, and from its large 
 circulation, affords unusual advantages to merchants and manufacturers. 
 
 I^niCE PJEB, COPY, 50c.; PER YE^R, $4.00. 
 
 For further particulars, as to prices of advertising, &c., application 
 should be made to the 
 
 NATIONAL RAILWAY PUBLICATION CO., 
 
 233 South Fifth St., Philadelphia, Pa, 
 
 “Official Time-Tables.” 
 
 A New Monthly Publication of about 200 Pages, 
 
 CONTAINING, IN A CONDENSED FORM, TiME-TaBLES 
 
 of the Railway and Steam Navigation 
 Lines of the United States & Canada. 
 
 The afternoon trains are distinguished from the morning trains by the 
 use of a peculiar style of type for each. Telegraph Stations are desig- 
 nated, and the population of each place noted. A short description of 
 each city, giving its business interests, lists of hotels, &c., is also 
 incorporated. 
 
 A new, handsome, and accurate colored railway map is bound in each. 
 PRICE 25 CENTS PER COPY. 
 
 NATIONAL RAILWAY PUBLICATION CO. 
 
 PHILADELPHIA— 233 South Fifth Street, 
 
 CHICAGO — 96 Dearborn Street* 
 
ANNO UNCEMENTS, 
 
 ZELL’S 
 
 ENCYCLOPEDIA. 
 
 Price, complete, - - - $37.50. 
 
 Also Sold in Nos, at 50c, each. 
 
 The shape of the book, type, plan of the work, &c., have 
 been made to produce the greatest amount of matter in the 
 smallest space, and at the lowest cost. The amount of 
 printed matter is equal to that of the largest Encyclopedia 
 published by an American firm. While every essential 
 fact and date is included in each article, yet every subject 
 is so condensed that our Encyclopedia has five times as 
 many articles as the most voluminous ones. 
 
 This gives not only the convenience of compactness, 
 but enables you to make references in so short a time 
 that you are tempted to look them up when your interest 
 is aroused, and they are thus fastened in your mind. 
 
 B. W. BOND, 
 
 No. 5 Beekman St.f 
 
 NEW YORK CITY. 
 
4 
 
 
.'.V 
 
 
I: 
 
ANNOUNCEMENTS. 
 
 NEW YORK BUREAU 
 
 FOR 
 
 MINING INFORMATION, 
 
 No. 6o BROADWAY, 
 
 {Over AmeHcan Mining and Stock Exchange.) New York. 
 
 This Bureau has been established to supply a daily increasing 
 want of the Mining Interest of America. It has reliable Corres- 
 pondents in all the Mining localities, and, while encouraging these 
 great interests, will fearlessly expose all attempts to deceive the 
 public with worthless investments in this class of property. 
 
 Tlxe JSdlTLtrLg JEleco~rci, 
 
 OP THE 
 
 NEW YORK BUREAU FOR MINING INFORMATION, 
 
 Price $3.00 j)er Annum, in advance, 
 
 will be the official mouthpiece of the Bureau, and will be published 
 every Thursday. Subscribers to The Mining Record will be en- 
 titled to all the privileges of the Bureau. Reliable Assays of all 
 kinds of Ore will be made when ordered, and Experts will be pro- 
 vided to examine Mines and Mining Property. 
 
 All communications will meet with prompt response. For fur- 
 ther particulars, address 
 
 ALEX. KOBT. CHISHOLM, 
 
 Manager. 
 
 iV. B. —Liberal arrangements made with relidble Cor- 
 respondents and Experts, % 
 
i 
 
 b 
 
. 4 ‘ 
 
 ■ 11 *',.