£ 
 
 Volume XIII. OCTOBER, 1916. Number 4. 
 
 Wi>gn$rrr or iu. w?*-mABy 
 
 APR 3 1917 
 
 BULLETIN 
 
 OF THE 
 
 Mississippi Agricultural and Mechanical College 
 Agricultural College, Miss. 
 
 Thrift Clubs in Mississippi 
 
 by 
 
 Professor G. T. HOWERTON. 
 
 Collegiate Training for Business 
 
 by 
 
 Professor JAMES V. BOWEN. 
 
 Published by the 
 
 Mississippi Agricultural and Mechanical College, 
 
 Issued Quarterly . 
 
 Entered February 16, 1904, at Agricultural College, Mississippi, as 
 Second-Class Matter, under Act of Congress of July 16, 1894. 
 
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 Thrift Clubs in Mississippi 
 
 By G. T. Howerton. 
 
 7 
 
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 WE NEED IT NOW 
 
 A need is always an opportunity. “Man’s extremity is God’s 
 opportunity.” All calamities are blessings. Whatever is is right. 
 Friction strikes fire. Iron sharpeneth iron. A hard bed makes an 
 early riser. Out of evil comes good. Serenity is stagnation. 
 Easy wealth is decay. “Woe unto him who is at ease in Zion.” 
 
 The South was rich and reckless. Money fell into our hands. 
 Cotton was king. He paid his annual visit to his subjects. He 
 brought them easy money. His next visit was near. Let the 
 money pass. Credit was easy. . Trade was brisk. No need to 
 save the dollar. The bale of cotton was sure. Nothing less was 
 worth while. Who cared for a cow or a few hens ? Easy to buy 
 them with cotton. Wear out the land. There is lots more. Cotton 
 would buy it. 
 
 But now a change. A blessed little bug comes. He punctures 
 our prosperity. He enlivens our activity. He sharpens our wits. 
 He destroys our cotton fibre. He strengthens our moral fibre. 
 He dethrones our king. He exalts our democracy. He creates a 
 new community interest. He teaches cooperation. He shows us 
 our weakness. He develops our strength. He eats our dollars. 
 He gives a new value to our pennies. He brings a New Oppor- 
 tunity. He teaches us to save. He shall bring us to Thrift. 
 
 THIS NEW OPPORTUNITY— ITS REAL MEANING 
 
 Thrift is a new word in our Southern literature. We read of 
 it in our Ben Franklin books, but he was a Pennsylvania printer, 
 and began life in poverty. He was a long way from us. No need 
 to learn from him. Let us “eat, drink and be merry,” for the 
 cotton will soon be ripe. 
 
 And our thoughts turned to poetry and politics, song and 
 story, plantation and plenty, broad acres and bright cotton fields. 
 But the blessed little bug awoke us to a New Opportunity , and 
 gave the cackle of the hen a new musical tone to us. And this has 
 a deep-seated, heartfelt meaning to us. New lessons must be 
 
learned. New subjects must be studied. Efficiency and thrift 
 must now be taught. And we must readjust our angle of vision. 
 
 NEW FORCES AT WORK 
 
 Or maybe it is better to say old forces operating in a new direc- 
 tion. It is a regeneration — the awakening of a new power — the 
 power to see the importance of small things, the perception to 
 sense the influence of small impact. The day of the dusty store 
 is doomed. The merchant must keep a clean stock and put on a 
 good “window. The sedentary smoker must arise and clean 
 house. It takes more effort now to sell. The salesman must 
 think. He must cultivate his community. Must get acquainted 
 with his neighbor. Must not only deal justly, but serve efficiently. 
 
 THE REAL NEW SOUTH 
 
 Henry Grady caught the vision. He saw far beyond us. His 
 matchless eloquence was born of a prophet’s heart. He brushed 
 aside the seeming ills of the war of secession, and pictured the 
 glory of his new-born country. Now let us catch his spirit and 
 sing with him the glories of a Renewed New South. The one 
 zvay is the old way. The cotton way is the one way. The new 
 way brings variety — the harp of a thousand strings. Where we 
 have used one resource, we will now use many; where we have 
 pulled along by a rope of one strand, now we shall swing by the 
 cord of many strands. Where the one rope has broken and we 
 have floundered and foundered, we shall now be safely landed by 
 some of the many finer forces of salvation. 
 
 A NEW EDUCATION 
 
 Conservatism must pass in the most conservative of forces — 
 education and religion. We see the need of the new community 
 church as never before, and the demand for a new sort of educa- 
 tion. History, literature and mathematics are insufficient to solve 
 our new problems. 
 
 Fore-ordination, predestination and certain damnation of the 
 wicked will not solve the new community problems. Now, we are 
 forced to learn to' think by thinking, and to learn to do by doing. 
 The thinking must be more concrete and accurate, and the doing 
 more efficient and effective, more powerful and productive. Had 
 you noticed the wonderful advance in many of the secondary 
 schools ? Have you not seen the lathe supplant that Latin ? Had 
 you not noticed that the typewriter stand now has the place of 
 
the dunce stool? That the hum of the saw and the song of the 
 hammer are now heard where not so long ago they were conning a 
 Greek conjugation? Had you not noticed that the boy now learns 
 to farm and build fence, and the girl to sew and cook, where once 
 they learned of the peoples and politics of the past? Had you 
 not noticed that education is going into business and business is 
 getting into religion? And this is, no doubt, the fore-runner of 
 the New Education about which the prophets have spoken. 
 
 SOME NEW IDEAS OF WORK 
 
 There has never been a time when so many students were 
 “working their way” through school. Work not only has a new 
 value, but we have a new vision of its place. The race is no longer 
 to the swift alone and the victory to the brilliant, but there is a way 
 open to the plodder. And where there was one way, soon there 
 are to be many ways. Even now all our schools are fuller than 
 ever before. And this is only the beginning. When the rusty and 
 crusty old husks of conservatism have crumbled completely, the 
 New South will awaken to a sense of equality of opportunity of 
 all human beings, high and low, rich and poor, male and female, 
 and the industrial schools of this State will equal those of the 
 wonderful west in attendance, in efficiency, in productive enter- 
 prise, in useful equipment, in the hearts of the people. Then 
 will the school be a hum of industry, instead of a dungeon for con- 
 finement; the birthplace for enterprise and business acumen, and 
 not the burying ground for genius and the producer of laziness ; 
 the manifestation of life, not a preparation for life ; the gladness 
 of a joyous holiday, not the prison of hope. 
 
 SERVICE FIRST 
 
 It is more blessed to give than to receive. Activity is the law 
 of life. Bodily action awakens mental acumen. Service is twice ' 
 blessed ; it blesses him who receives it, but far more him who 
 renders it. The very best liberty is liberty to serve. Our New 
 South under the new regime grants this liberty. This is the lib- 
 erty of man, the liberty that makes us “Free indeed.” “It is 
 enough for the servant that he be as his master.” This is where 
 the middle wall of partition breaks down. We have no longer 
 any classes. Each and all are permitted to serve. The lawyer no 
 longer “practices law.” He serves his community. Nor does the 
 doctor “practice medicine.” He is a community builder. The 
 merchant has become a student and a teacher. The banker is one 
 
of our most promising educators. Even the teacher is becoming 
 a community leader. The preacher not only preaches, but is the 
 servant to humanity in a thousand ways. 
 
 EFFICIENCY IN ALL THINGS 
 
 More work and better work, in less time and with less friction. 
 More production and better production at less cost. These are 
 the mottoes of efficiency. The school building of the past was an 
 unkept and unkempt place. The touch of service was nowhere 
 visible. Dirt on the floor, chalk marks on the wall, whittled 
 benches for seats. Then came the broom and the duster, and 
 the chalk-covered blackboard. But these could never produce 
 cleanliness or offer opportunity to the best expression of personal 
 efficiency. The modern school house is a model community home. 
 Cleanly, sanitary, inviting. No brooms, no duster, no open buckets 
 of water, no common drinking cups. The mental and spiritual 
 effects that these changes produce are a part of the process of 
 working out our own salvation effectively and efficiently. 
 
 THRIFT DEFINED 
 
 This brings us to the subject. What has been said goes to 
 show that there is much more in thrift than to deposit a few dol- 
 lars in the bank. It has its tap-root deeply imbedded in the funda- 
 mental principles of industry and economy. Thrift that is thrift 
 must cover at least these three things : 
 
 1. Industry in earning. 
 
 2. Systematic saving. 
 
 3. Wise investing. 
 
 It is not enough for a child to beg or borrow a few dollars 
 from some member of the family to deposit in a savings account. 
 In this act he loses the best lesson taught by thrift : the cost and 
 value of what he deposits. 
 
 Our youth will never save to any real advantage until they 
 have themselves paid the price for the saving. Gift is contrary 
 to nature. Real personal honesty has its origin in a willingness 
 and a desire to render value for that which is received. The strong 
 of character grew up in the midst of conflict. The large family of 
 moderate means not only fosters democracy, but industry. From 
 such families, in ninety per cent of the cases, have come the giants 
 in the commercial, industrial and political worlds. In the absence 
 of such families, the school must, in a large measure, take their 
 place. Through the work-shop, or the common kitchen, or the 
 
school garden, or the vacant town lot, or the savings bank, or 
 better, through all these, must the school teach and practice that 
 industrial activity which develops individual initiative, interest, 
 reliability, and a common sense for the rights of others. Here 
 arises a new opportunity for the teacher. He must not only 
 know his community, but he must be one of its vital factors. The 
 teacher, the parent, the doctor, the merchant, the banker, the 
 lawyer, and the farmer, are all equally educators, each in his 
 place, and each for all. 
 
 THE BANKER’S OPPORTUNITY 
 
 While all are equally interested in the development of a thrifty 
 community, still the banker’s interest is probably more vital, and 
 he is connected with the subject more closely. To him, therefore, 
 we look for leadership in the Thrift Club, and for the teaching 
 of those principles which we of the common herd have never 
 learned. This is his special opportunity to serve. And as he 
 serves, so will be his reward. We, therefore, appeal to him to 
 see his place as a real educator of our coming generation, just as 
 much as the teacher is a real educator. We would have him see 
 also that the neglected field is white unto the harvest and that the 
 reapers are few. If he does not thrust in the sickle, who, indeed, 
 will? He has the wisdom which all need. He knows from 
 whence this wisdom comes. He has walked the road and meas- 
 ured the distance. Let him tell us the way. He knows the value 
 of industry and the cost of success. He knows the results of sys- 
 tematic saving. He knows the absolute necessity of wise invest- 
 ing. He knows why we all have failed. He is strong where 
 the teacher is weak. He is wise where the preacher is foolish. 
 Because of these facts, he must be our Moses to lead us out of 
 the wilderness of wasted opportunities, and show us how to pos- 
 sess the land of plenty and prosperity. We are abundantly able 
 to do our parts. He must awaken our latent energies and arouse 
 our dormant faculties. 
 
 JUNIOR THRIFT CLUBS 
 
 It is hard to teach an old dog new tricks. As the twig is bent, 
 so the tree is inclined. Our old habits hang to us. We have 
 learned thoroughly the bad habit of extravagance. No more than 
 fifty in each thousand of us have a savings account. It might 
 bo difficult to teach the adult population, but the children are ready 
 for the lesson. Let us begin with them. We are urging every 
 
banker in the State to cooperate with the local teacher and orga- 
 nize about his bank as a center, a Junior Thrift Club. 
 
 The boys’ corn club, the girls’ tomato club, the poultry club, 
 and the pig club have all done efficient service in our State. In 
 fact, these are to be the foundation of the Thrift Club. These 
 have taken the first step — that of productive industry. Now, let 
 us organize the Thrift Club to take the other two steps : systematic 
 saving and wise investing. 
 
 BOYS AND GIRLS 
 
 There must be two wise heads, as well as two devoted hearts, 
 to produce a frugal and thrifty home. Unless the wife and mother 
 do the saving, who can insure the homes against want ? The power 
 and influence of woman as a business factor have been over- 
 looked and unappreciated. It has not been considered necessary 
 to give our girls a business education. This is where we have fallen 
 down. This is the weak spot in our armor. This is where we 
 have builded our social and educational pyramid with its apex 
 down. This is where our friends of the North and West have 
 outstripped us. All of their institutions are open alike to men 
 and women, boys and girls. We shall never overtake them in 
 the race of life until we follow their example. We urge, there- 
 fore, in the organization and furtherance of the Thrift Clubs that 
 boys and girls be given equal opportunities. 
 
 BUSINESS AND SOCIAL SERVICE 
 
 Only as we bring our working factors in unity can we hope 
 for the best results. We must not look upon business as com- 
 pletely divorced from social service. On the other hand, we must 
 see them as completely united for human betterment. Religion 
 must adopt business methods, and business must make use of 
 religious principles. The Thrift Club, composed of boys and 
 girls, young men and young women, has a fine opportunity for 
 unifying heretofore discordant factors in community life. The 
 demand of the present is not* only for complete cooperation, but 
 for perfect coordination of all our forces for progress. 
 
 FREQUENT ENTERTAINMENTS 
 
 In the coordination of our forces and activities we must no 
 longer see the country and the town. The telephone and good 
 roads have eliminated all characteristics of rural life that have 
 distinguished it from urban life. Now we see only the community 
 
as a unit. The Thrift Club gives the banker and the merchant the 
 very best opportunities to bring the farmer and his family, and 
 especially the younger members of the family, into that close and 
 vital touch with the town and the village and their enterprises, 
 which is necessary to unify our forces. 
 
 A SCHOOL THAT DOES NOT SEEM ONE 
 
 Many a boy has, shied at school simply because it was school. 
 Somehow or other it has become imbedded in the sub-conscious 
 mind of the youth that school is not a joyous place. I shall not 
 stop here to say who or what is the cause of this error in our 
 minds. I will say, however, that the coming school must be the 
 most joyous place for the young American. And while we wait 
 for this consummation, we may use many things for schooling 
 which will not be so recognized, and this is where the banker and 
 ‘the merchant and the community builder generally have their 
 great opportunity for educational service. 
 
 The psychologists tell us that the very best form of tuition 
 that easy and unobtrusive kind which overcomes all opposition 
 by its irresistible appeal to the sub-conscious mind of the student. 
 This kind of appeal is the legitimate and necessary consequence 
 of every organized community enterprise, and it will be none the 
 less so of every local Thrift Club which may be conducted along 
 the plans outlined. 
 
 A FINAL WORD 
 
 (A.) Ways by Which Young Americans May Get Some 
 Cash to Deposit in Bank : 
 
 1. Extra work about the home. 
 
 2. Get an agreement with parents to pay for extra quality 
 of work. 
 
 3. Parents to pay cash for all household jobs well done. 
 
 4. Do jobs for your neighbors. 
 
 5. Grow something to eat and sell it. 
 
 6. Especially raise some chickens and eggs. 
 
 7. Make and sell some candy. 
 
 8. Make peanut butter and sell it. 
 
 9. Roast and sell peanuts. 
 
 10. Make pop-corn crisps and sell them. 
 
 11. Sell something for others: 
 
 (a) . Newspapers; 
 
 ( b ) . Magazines; 
 
(c) . Goods of local dealers; 
 
 (d) . Manufactured articles, such as soap, socks, toilet 
 
 articles, auto accessories, aluminum goods. 
 
 Hundreds of manufacturers are depending on bright young 
 people to place their products in the hands of users. Get in touch 
 with some of these. We can help you in this. Write us about it. 
 
 ( B .) Steps in the Organization: 
 
 1. Call on the banker or the principal of your school, and see 
 if you cannot interest him in the organization of a Thrift Club. 
 
 2. If you are a banker, please call on the principal of your 
 school and make an arrangement for him and you to talk all this 
 over with the school. 
 
 3. If you' are a school principal, please call on the banker, 
 and get him to address your school on the subject of the organi- 
 zation of a Thrift Club. 
 
 4. If you are interested in this thing, please see if you can- 
 not interest someone else. 
 
 5. Appoint a working committee consisting of about five boys 
 and five 1 girls to cooperate with the banker in the organization of 
 a local Thrift Club. 
 
 6. As soon as five or more school children are interested, 
 proceed to organize the club and appoint the usual officers — presi- 
 dent, secretary, treasurer, and as many committees as you need. 
 
 7. If you have not a single deposit for a year, hold on. 
 
 8. Hold regular meetings of the club, and study and report 
 on ways by which a boy or girl may earn some money. 
 
 9. Make your club a place for discussion of the economic 
 and other needs of your community and get speakers to address 
 you. Above all, get the boys and girls to discuss the problems 
 for themselves. 
 
 10. Please remember that the Agricultural and Mechanical 
 College will assist you in any way we can. Please write us of 
 your interest. t 
 
 11. Report progress and write for detailed programs to the 
 DIVISION OF BUSINESS ADMINISTRATION, 
 
 Agricultural College, Mississippi. 
 
Collegiate Training for Business 
 
 By James V. Bowen. 
 
 No part of the manifold activities in the life of men and 
 women of to-day is of greater practical importance than the keep- 
 ing track of income and outgo. With the increase in the. cost of 
 living, and the increase in competition in all fields of endeavor, 
 this ability to watch the leaks and care for the small savings be- 
 comes of greater and greater importance. Consequently, educa- 
 tors are turning their attention more and more to developing in 
 the pupil the spirit of saving, inculcating the habit of accuracy in 
 keeping track of income and expenditure, and laying a foundation 
 ior the understanding and application of business principles in 
 actual life after leaving school. 
 
 The material welfare of the world depends upon the business 
 man, for it is he who, when rightly trained, can eliminate the 
 many losses due to ignorance, carelessness and wrong thinking. 
 
 But only a few of the secondary schools have undertaken to 
 give this training, and the public school student is too immature, 
 and his time too limited, to do more than learn a few fundamental 
 principles and a few routine methods. 
 
 The man who expects to deal in a business way with his fel- 
 low men, needs a broader, deeper foundation, and a wider view- 
 point : It has been truly said : “The time has come when it is 
 worth while for the young man who desires to achieve success in 
 a business career to begin by learning what the experience of 
 others has to teach. The saving of waste is an important element 
 in modern industry. It is in keeping with this idea that the 
 wasteful method which requires business men to learn everything 
 anew for themselves through their own experience, should give 
 place to a system which provides opportunity for each generation 
 to know the results of the efforts of the preceding generation. 
 It is thereby enabled to start somewhere in advance of where its 
 predecessor did, and so to attain larger results. 
 
 “There are, of course, many phases of business which every 
 man must learn for himself, but business experience has developed 
 principles and methods of procedure which can be taught. More- 
 
over, these principles and methods have become so far standard- 
 ized to constitute a useful foundation upon which to build the 
 experience of the individual.” 
 
 THE BUSINESS FARMER 
 
 This is especially true of the business side of farming, which 
 is rapidly becoming a leading phase of the farmer’s life. No 
 longer can he depend upon a single merchant to take his one crop, 
 and make settlement once a year. The modern farmer’s business 
 is a complicated one — hay, corn, cotton, grain, milk and butter, 
 chickens and eggs, cattle, hogs, horses, mules, all require finding 
 of markets, dealing with all sorts of men, the keeping of all sorts 
 of accounts. The modern farmer cannot neglect the business 
 side of his profession. 
 
 NEED OF BUSINESS TRAINING 
 
 This is true of the doctor, the preacher, the lawyer — every 
 man in every profession needs in varying degree this fundamental 
 knowledge of business. The lawyer of to-day finds his practice 
 largely concerned with business problems. He cannot be too 
 thoroughly prepared to handle them. 
 
 The business man, the merchant, the wholesaler, the traveling 
 salesman, the clerk, all need, as a matter of course, such training. 
 In the past they have been left to get it by rule of thumb in the 
 hard, slow and expensive school of experience. But to-day the 
 fundamental principles of business have been charted — men of 
 broad experience have pointed the way toward the goal of success, 
 and .have staked a road that is plain, even though it is hard to 
 follow. Why should a business man be forced to learn these 
 things by bitter experience any more than a lawyer should be 
 forced to learn the fundamental principles of his profession by 
 hanging around law courts for years and picking up haphazard his 
 knowledge of the code? There is an easier way to learn these 
 fundamental principles of business. But they cannot be learned 
 in a day nor a three-months’ course. Private business schools 
 all over the country are recognizing this and the best are length- 
 ening their courses very materially. Even then, they can give 
 little more than routine training. 
 
 The astonishing thing is that our educational system has so 
 long ignored the business man. Our public schools and colleges 
 have been ready to stock the pupil with more or less useless knowl- 
 edge, the State has gladly taxed itself to educate its farmers, its 
 
engineers, its lawyers and its doctors, and sometimes, too, its 
 preachers, but it has never, until the last few years, thought of 
 educating its business men — on whose skill and knowledge so 
 much of our prosperity depends. 
 
 Let us look at a few facts about Mississippi, taken from the 
 last census. It shows that there were then in the State 234,120 
 white male adults. Of these there were : 
 
 Farmers 
 
 Lawyers 
 
 Teachers 
 
 Physicians 
 
 168,159 
 
 1,196 
 
 1,036 
 
 1,985 
 
 In business life, there were a total of 27,189, as follows: 
 
 Retail Dealers 10,044 
 
 Salesmen 5,336 
 
 Clerks 3.348 
 
 Bookkeepers 2,404 
 
 Manufacturing Foremen . 814 
 
 Managers and Superintendents 950 
 
 Manufacturers and Officials . . 1,298 
 
 Bankers 598 
 
 Commercial Travelers . . 1,209 
 
 Insurance Agents .... 572 
 
 Agents 616 
 
 It is worth while for the State to train its 1,196 lawyers, its 
 1,985 doctors, and its 1,036 men teachers. It is also worth while 
 to train its 27,189 merchants. 
 
 AGRICULTURAL AND MECHANICAL COLLEGE 
 MEETS THE DEMAND 
 
 The Mississippi Agricultural and Mechanical College has 
 recognized this fact, and in 1915 established a four-year course in 
 Business Administration, which leads to the degree of Bachelor 
 of Science. Here, touching shoulders with the future leaders in 
 agriculture, in science, in engineering, and in teaching, the future 
 business man gets at once into an atmosphere of practical activity 
 and learns the great lesson of cooperation with these other great 
 professions, which with him are to carry out the great work of 
 building a greater Mississippi. No place could be better suited 
 to the development of sanity, sincerity and friendship among the 
 various factors in the social uplift of the State. 
 
The course does for the business man what training in Scien- 
 tific Agriculture does for the farmer. Practicality is its keynote. 
 
 EARNING WHILE LEARNING 
 
 To the young man who is intending to pursue a professional 
 course after college, this course in Business offers a most excel- 
 lent training in salesmanship, in stenography, and typewriting, 
 which will enable him to “cash in” on his training during his 
 vacation and earn easily the money needed to pay for his educa- 
 tion. Many of our students are already doing this. 
 
 WHAT THE COURSE IS 
 
 First of all, the student makes a careful study of the various 
 fields of activity in order that he may choose his life work with 
 an understanding of its demands. He studies the development of 
 commerce in courses in Economic History of England and of the 
 United States, and learns to express his thoughts accurately and 
 forcefully. 
 
 Every student is given a thorough course in Economics, which 
 is the basis of all clear thinking in the business world. This is 
 accompanied by a careful study of Business and Office Methods, 
 Business Organization, especially Retail Credits, Collections, and 
 an extensive examination of Insurance, Real Estate and Banking. 
 
 The whole viewpoint of the course looks to the needs of the 
 people of the State of Mississippi, rather than a study of “Big 
 Business.” This difference in viewpoint distinguishes this course 
 from all other of similar nature in the United States. 
 
 Every man needs to know how to keep accurate accounts, 
 and how to interpret them when kept by others. Hence, a 
 thorough course in Bookkeeping, Accounting and Auditing is 
 given, covering two years. This ability to analyze accounts is 
 of infinite value to every man. 
 
 The student is taught to analyze human nature in the course 
 of Psychology, and applies this knowledge to practical ends in the 
 courses in Business Methods and Salesmanship— where he is 
 taught the principles underlying successful dealing with others, 
 and is given opportunities to practice them by real selling of 
 real goods. 
 
 He is taught to think, write and speak clearly in the courses in 
 Business Correspondence, Public Discourse and Rhetoric. He is 
 trained in Typewriting and Shorthand as labor-saving tools. He 
 
i 
 
 studies the fundamentals of Commercial Law, that he may know 
 some of the pitfalls that he will meet in the broad field of business. 
 
 TRAINING FOR LEADERSHIP 
 
 In addition to all this, he gets a thorough collegiate training 
 in Ethics, History, Sociology, Civics, Mathematics, Science, Liter- 
 ature, and Modern Languages, preparing him to enjoy the things 
 of the Spirit, as well as the practical affairs of his daily walk with 
 men. The training one gets here will lift his life-work out of 
 drudgery and make it a joy-giving profession, as well as a bread- 
 winning vocation. No man who absorbs the atmosphere of this 
 course will ever be content to be anything less than a leader in 
 the mental, moral and physical uplift of his community. 
 
 An outline of the course follows. It leads to the degree of 
 Bachelor of Science. That it meets the need that it was estab- 
 lished to meet, is shown by the large enrollment and the very high 
 professional tone and the enthusiasm which is shown by the stu- 
 dents who are taking the work. 
 
 For further detailed information, address, 
 
 PROF. JAMES V. BOWEN, Director , 
 
 Agricultural College, 
 
 Mississippi. 
 
COURSE IN 
 
 BUSINESS 
 
 ADMINISTRATION 
 
 t 
 
 Official Course Adopted by Committee on Course of Study, March 1, 1916 
 
 Freshman 
 
 English 
 
 Mathematics 
 
 History 
 
 Business Method . 
 
 Bookkeeping 
 
 Typewriting 
 
 Commercial Geography 
 
 Woodshop 
 
 Gymnasium and Drill 
 
 Sophomore 
 
 English 
 
 Mathematics 
 
 Military Science 
 
 Chemistry 
 
 Spanish 
 
 Business Law 
 
 Public Discourse 
 
 Cotton Classing 
 
 Stenography 
 
 Drill 
 
 Junior 
 
 English 
 
 Economics 
 
 Money and Banking 
 
 Economic History of England . . . ) 
 
 Economic History of the United States ) 
 
 Psychology 
 
 Spanish 
 
 Public Discourse 
 
 Business Methods 
 
 Business Organizations 
 
 Stenography 
 
 Markets 
 
 Drill 
 
 5/0 
 
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 5/0 
 
 Senior (Business Administration) 
 
 Spanish 
 
 Ethics and Sociology 
 
 Civics 
 
 Public Discourse 
 
 Physics 
 
 Business Methods . 
 Accounting . . . 
 
 5/0 
 
 5/0 
 
 5/0 
 
 5/0 
 
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 Senior (Public Affairs) 
 
 Spanish 5/0 5/0 
 
 South American Problems 3/0 
 
 Ethics and Sociology 5/0 5/0 
 
 Civics . . 3/0 
 
 Public Discourse 2/8 2/8 
 
 Economics 3/0 3/0 
 
 Physics. 3/4 3/4 
 
 5/0 
 
 5/0 
 
 3/0 
 
 2/8 
 
 5/0