M BIRD'S-EYE WIEW
OF CHICAGO
O3sn_,"!r BE
BY READING REGULARLY
YOU CANNC' 1 ' ccn Tun "^ DI c CAID
SUCCESSFUl
UNIVERSITY OF ILLINOIS
WHAT 1 O L
LIBRARY
Y
U
P Class Book Volume
YOU CANNC
BEST ADVAF
1 OC\^UI\C rt 01 1 Urt 1
UNLESS YOU CONSULT THE
"WANTS" OF THOSE WHO ADVERTISE.
YOU CANNOT BE
IN THE SWIM
UNLESS YOU READ
THE CHICAGO TRIBUNE.
AN INVITATION
FROM
THE CHICAGO HERALD
AND RESIDENTS ARE INVARIABLY
INTERESTED IN SEEING JUST
HOW A GREAT NEWSPAPER is
MADE, AND EVERY FACILITY IS
CORDIALLY GIVEN THEM BY
THE "HERALD." . . . ...
FOR DESCRIPTION OF THIS, THE MODEL NEWSPAPER
BUILDING OF THE WORLD, SEE PAGE 423. . . .
ARE WELCOME AT ANY HOUR
OF ANY DAY OR NIGHT, AND AS
WTQ1 POP^ THERE IS NEITHER LOCK NOR
V IwJJ 1 V/1\O KEY TQ JHE BUILDING, IT
NEVER CAN BE CLOSED. . .
FOR QARpFULLY EXECUTED HALF-TONE PICTURES
OF TH' f HERALD" BUILDING, SEE INDEX TO ILLUS-
TRATIONS, THIS VOLUME.
THE VISITORS' GALLERY
OVERLOOKS THE TEN GREAT PRESSES ON WHICH
IS PRINTED THAT GREATEST OF TWO-CENT MET-
ROPOLITAN NEWSPAPERS,
THE CHICAGO HERALD.
TRAIHS IH AMERICA,
BAL TIM ORE & OHIO RAILROAD
JVew York, Philadelphia,
Baltimore and
All Trains Vestibuled from End to End, and protected by Pullman's Anti-Telescoping Appliance,
including Baggage Cars, Day Coaches, Parlor Cars and Sleepers.
ALL CARS HEATED BY STEAM AND LIGHTED BY PINTSCH CAS.
THE BALTIMORE AND OHIO RAILROAD
Maintains a Complete Service
of Vestibuled Express
Trains between
New York, Cincinnati,
St. Louis & Chicago,
EQUIPPED WITH
PULLMAN
PALACE SLEEPING CARS
Running Through Without Change.
ALL B. & 0. TRAINS
BETWEEN THE
EAST AND WEST
RUN VIA WASHINGTON.
\\V t^**"' PRINCIPAL OFFICES :
5 211 Washington Street, Boston, Mass. Cor. Wood St. and Fifth Ave., Pittsburgh, Pa.
415 Broadway, New York. Corner 4th and Vine Streets, Cincinnati, O.
Cor. 9th and Chestnut Sts., PhilndPlphia, Pa
Cor. BaltimoreandCalvertfits.. Baltimore, Md.
1351 Pennsylvania Arenue, Washington, D, C.
T. ODELL, GENERAL MANAGER.
CHAS
irk Street, Chicago, 111.
105 Broadway, St. Louis, Mo.
O. SCULL, GENERAL PASSENGER AGENT.
BALTIMORE,
ii
For
New York,
Boston,
Mass.
Albany, N. Y.
Buffalo, N. Y.
Jamestown,
N.Y.
Chautauqua
Lake, N. Y.
Columbus, 0,
and all other
points
on the
Erie Lines.
ERIE LINES.
Chicago to the East.
Solid Vestibule Trains between
CHICAGO AND NEW YORK,
With Pullman Sleeping, Dining and Day Coaches.
Pullman Buffet Sleeping Cars to Boston, and
Pullman Sleeping Cars to Ashland, Ky., via Columbus, O.,
EVERY DAY IN THE YEAR.
No Change of Cars on any Class of Tickets
to New York.
For further information, call on or address
A. M. WARRELL,
City Pass, and Ticket Agt.,
242 Clark St., Chicago.
D. I. ROBERTS,
Gen'l Pass. Agt., New York,
iii
F. W. BUSKIRK,
Ass't General Passenger Agent,
Chicago.
A. M. TUCKER,
Gen'l Manager, Cleveland, O.
NEW ROUTE
NEW TRAIN
ELEGANT
EQUIPMENT
VIA THE
CENTRAL
1. C. ^^^^ R.R.
ROUTE.
SOLID TRAIN
(ESTABLISHED 1830.)
NORTHERN
Assurance Company,
ABERDEEN. LONDON.
United States Department Offices:
BOSTON, CHICAQO, CINCINNATI,
NEW YORK, SAN FRANCISCO.
Losses paid since organization, - $35,000,000
Losses paid in United States, - 6,890,000
Northwestern Department :
\VM. 3D. CROOKK, Manager,
226 La Salle Street, CHICAGO.
Colorado, Dakotas, Illinois, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan. Minnesota, Missouri, Montana,
Nebraska, New Mexico, Wisconsin', Wyoming.
CHICAGO OFFICE:
153 LA SALLE STRKKT.
TELEPHONE 1520,
CHARLES NELSON BISHOP, City Manager.
MARSHALLfiaD&G).
STATE AND WASHINGTON STREETS, CHICAGO.
Probably of more importance to ladies than any point of inter
est in Chicago, is the retail house of MARSHALL FIELD & Co. Ratec
as it is among the largest in the world, it is by far the most com-
plete and most handsomely equipped in Chicago, and a shopping
headquarters for the larger portion of its residents. To stranger!
a most cordial welcome is extended. Waiting Rooms, Chech
Rooms, Retiring Rooms, and all possible conveniences are offered tc
those who care to enjoy them. To patrons it has to recommend r
Large Stock of Dry Goods, etc.
Low (the lowest) Prices,
and
Absolute Trustworthiness.
vi
\ WISCONSIN!
'CENTRAL
LJNE_S'
NORTHERN PACIFIC
R.VILRCAO CO.
S- LESSEE -X
RUN
Fast Trains with Pullman Vestibuled
Drawing Room Sleepers. Dining Cars
and Coaches of latest design, between
Chicago and Milwaukee and St. Paul
and Minneapolis.
Fast Trains with Pullman Vestibuled
Drawing Room Sleepers, Dining Cars
and Coaches of latest design, between
Chicago and Milwaukee and Ashland
and Duluth.
Through Pullman Vestibuled
Drawing Room and Tourist Sleepers
via the Northern Pacific Railroad
between Chicago and Portland, Ore.
and Tacoma, Wash.
Convenient Trains to and from East-
ern, Western, Northern and Central Wis-
consin points, affording unequalled service
to and from Waukesha, Fond du Lac,
Oshkosh, Neenah, Menasha, Chip-
pewa Falls, Eau Claire, Hurley, Wis.,
and Ironwood and Bessemer, Mich.
For tickets, sleeping car reservations,"
time tables and other information apply
to Agents of the Line, or to Ticket Agents
anywhere in the United States or Canada.
8. R. AINSLIE, Gen'l Manager, - - CHICAGO, ILL
J. H. HANNAFORD, Gen'l Traffic Mgr., ST. I'ADL, MINN.
H. C. BARLOW, Traffic Ipr., - - - CHICAGO, ILL,
JA8. C. POND, Gen'l Paw'r i Tkt. Agt. , CHICAGO, ILL
vil
RICE & WHIT ACRE M'F'G CO.,
Kngines, Boilers,
STEAM PUMPS,
PULLEYS, SHAFTING,
AND HANGERS,
AND
HOT WATER
HEATING APPARATUS.
47 SOUTH CANAL STREET,
CHICAGO.
ESTABLISHED 1857.
J. B. CHAMBERS * CO.,
CLARK AND MADISON STS.
IMPORTERS.
DIAMONDS, RUBIES, SAPPHIRES,
PEARLS, EMERALDS, ETC., LOOSE, SET AND
MOUNTED TO ORDER.
^,25I^j5LTCHiE*S- AMERICAN AND FOREIGN.
STERLING SILVER SOUVENIR SPOONS.
GOLD AND SILVER.
DONOHUE & HENNEBERRY
PUBLISHERS,
PRINTERS find
BINDERS.
4O7 TO
General Offices, ...
Printing- Department,
Bindery, -----
School Stationery and Supplies,
Publishing and Wholesale Books,
Subscription Books -
STR&&T.
6th Floor.
Gtli and Basement.
5th, 7th and Sth Floors.
- 4th Floor.
3rd Floor.
- 2nd Floor.
OUR FACILITIES ARE EQUAL TO ANY EMERGENCY.
ESTIMATES CHEERFULLY FURNISHED ON APPLICATION.
55 U
2
H H
S .
I 5
U H J
3 o7
"S l ~ l eo I**
sMI
S => u S
S tn
H e
c o -S
o S
.CHICAGO
THE MARVELOUS CITY OF THE WEST
A HISTORY, AN ENCYCLOPEDIA
AND
A 6U1D
SEOOlsTID
ILLUSTRATED
1S33
WRITTEN AND COMPILED BY
j.
\ot in the Arabian Nights' Entertainments, though bathed in all the glorious
colorings of Oriental fancy, is there a tale which surpasses in
wonder the plain, unvarnished history of Chicago."
NATIONAL BOOK AND PICTURE CO.
167 AND 169 FIFTH AVENUK
CHICAGO
Entered according to act of Congress,
BY THE STANDARD GUIDE CO.
(Joes J. FLINN, President; W. S. SHEPPARD,
Secretary and Treasurer.)
in the Office of the Librarian of Congress,
at Washington, D. C.
All Rights of Translation Reserved.
J. W. rf.1-.OR, PHOTO&BAPHE
N
> TO
THE CHILDREN OF CHICAGO
IN GENERAL,
AND TO
MY OWN LITTLE CHILDREN
X\ IN PARTICULAR,
WHO, IF THE LORD SPARES THEM UNTIL
THEY SHALL HAVE ATTAINED
C<
THE ALLOTTED SPAN OF LIFE,
WILL SEE THIS CITY
THE GREATEST METROPOLIS ON THE GLOBE,
THIS VOLUME
IS AFFECTIONATELY DEDICATED
BY
THE COMPILER.
THIS BOOK
IS DIVIDED ^NTO T^IVB FVA.RTS.
PART I. CHICAGO AS IT WAS.
PART IT. CHICAGO AS IT IS.
PART III. THE ENCYCLOPEDIA.
PART IV. THE WORLD'S COLOMBIAN EXPOSITION.
PART V. THE GUIDE.
LITHOGRAPHING IN ALL ITS BRANCHES.
FIRST-CLASS WORK.
NO FANCY PRICES.
GIVE US A TRIAL.
LITHOGRAPHERS
N. w. COR, DEARBORN & HARRISON STS.
W. B. ORCUTT, GEN-U MGR.
CHICAGO.
BELDEN F. CULVER,
O^T COl^Tls^ISSIOiT IltT
REAL ESTATE.
PROPERTY Of NON-RESIDENTS TAKEN CHARGE OF AND THEIR INTER-
ESTS PROTECTED.
CAREFUL ATTENTION GIVEN TO THE PAYMENT OF TAXCS AND
SPECIAL ASSESSMENTS'
59 DEARBORN ST., CHICAGO,
ANDREW DUNNING,
92 La Salle Street,
CHICAGO.
ACRE TRACTS in the Northwest Sections of
Chicago for Subdivision and Investment
eft
purposes.
V *
IMPROVED PROPERTY paying fixed income
on gold basis.
CORRESPONDENCE SOLICITED.
MAPS AND ILLUSTRATIONS.
MAPS.
Showing the City of Chicago as It Is Streets, Boulevards, Park System, Location
of World's Columbian Exposition, Important Points, Industrial Centers,
Annexed Suburbs, Outlying Territory, Etc. [Contained in "Pocket" of
back cover.]
Showing Chicago Sanitary Drainage District P%ge
Showing Burned District of Chicago, After Great Fire of October, 1871 Page
Showing Relative Position of Chicago with Regard to Other Principal Cities of
the World, facing - Page
108
400
309
ILLUSTRATIONS.
Facing Pago.
Andrews, A. H. & Co., Sales Rooms. . . .'48
Areiid's Drug Store 231
Auburn Park Suburb, View in 27V
Auditorium, The 21
Berwyn, Railway Station at ... 136
Carpenter, Geo. B. & Co., Building. ... 72
Chicago has arisen Solace in Tribu-
lation. Frontispice
Chicago Opera House, Entrance to. .. 805
Chicago Water Pumping Stations. . . . 484
Dai y News,The Chicago, Composition
and Press Rooms 400
Dale & Sempill's, Interior View 157
Douglas Monument 497
Drexel Fountain, Washington Park.. 4."itl
Eggleston Suburb, View in 2M
Ely. The Edward C-)., Interior 641
Germania Theater Building . . . 121
Goodrich Line .Steamer "Virginia". . 441
Gormuliy & Jeffery Mfg. Co.'s Works. 208
Grand Central Passenger Station 469
Grand Opera House, interior View. .. 3(14
Grant Locomotive Works 104
Grant Statue, Lincoln Park 29
Herald Building 228
Herald Building, Interior 236
Hooley's Theater, Interior 149
Indian Group, Lincoln Park 57
Inter-Ocean Building 144
Journal and Stock Exchange B'ld'gs.. 433
Keeley Institute, Business Office, Inte-
rior 528
Keeley Institute, Laboratory & Office
Building 177
Keeley Institute, Laboratory Waiting
Room . . 241
Keeley Institute, Taking the Treat-
ment 328
Keeley Institute, Waiting for the Train 405
KimballHall 505
Kimball, W. W. Co., Works of 533
Kimbark, S. D. & Co.'s Building 313
Facing Pajre.
La Sal le Statue 85
Libby Prison Museum 285
Marshall Field & Co.'s Retail House. . . 272
Masonic Temple 113
McCormick Harvesting Machine Co.'s
Works 336
Me Vicker's Theater, Interior 06
Michigan Avenue Block, A 377
Milwaukee A venue State BankB'ld'g. 520
New York Mutual Life Ins. Co., Chi-
cago Office, Interior 4*3
Prairie Avenue, View on 464
Pullman, Administration Building at. 264
Pullman Building 100
Pullman, Boulevard in 4l2
Pullman, Corliss Engine House and
Water Tower at 172
Pullman, Presbyterian Church at 569
Relic House, near Lincoln Park 213
Richardson, M. A . & Co 5.iO
Ritchie, W. C. & Co.'s Building 892
Roseland Suburb, Bird's-eye View of.. 428
Sawyer - Goodman Co.'s Receiving
Docks 249
Scandia Hall 4^7
Siegel Cooper & Co.'s Establishment. . 420
Skandinaven Building 300
Smyth, The John M. Building 349
State Street, Looking North from
Madison 584
St. Joseph's Hospital 341
St. Vincent's Infant Asylum 80
Temple, The lf">
Tribune Building 44
Union National Bank, Interior 108
Union Stock Yards, The Exchange.... 292
Wellington Hotel 93
Wells-Fargo Express Office, Interior. 49
World's Columbian Exposition,
Administration Building 356
World's Columbian Exposition,Bird's-
eye View 17
ADVERTISERS IN THIS BOOK.
(For Buyers' Guide Directory, see Adveitising Pages II, III, IV and V, back of book.)
FRONT OF BOOK.
PAGE
Baltimore & Ohio Railroad ii
Chambers, J. B. & Co viii
Culver,B. F. R'l Est ,opplnd Book Div.
Dunning, A. (>i>|>. I n:l. to Maps and III.
Duiming,And'w,R'l Est.In.Opp.Gen Ind
Erie Lines iii
Field, Marshall & Co vi
Herald, The Chicago i
Illinois Central Railroad iv
Northern Assurance Company v
Orcutt Co. The. tith opp. this page.
Prabody, Houghtelling & Co. Inv., f. p.
Rice & whittacre Manufacturing Co. ..viii
Tribune, The Chicago. Ins. front cover
Wisconsin Central Lines, The vi
BACK OF BOOK.
PAGE
American Trust & Savings Bank, The ii
Andrews, A. H. & Co., F. Beds (card) . . iii
Andrews, A H. & Co xxix
' Andrews, Johnson & Co., Venti'ators *
Art Institute. Art Galleries and Schools. . .ii
Artingstall, Samuel G., Civil Engineer. ..iii
Athenaeum, Chi., "The People's College,"
Inside of back cover
Bank of Commerce ii
Bent, George B Inside of back cover
Bogue & Co., Real Estate Agency x
Brentdho'a, Publishers, Booksellers, etc..iy
Carpenter, G. B. & Co., Blocks & Pulleys.. ii
Carpenter, Geo. B. & Co., Ship-Ch'd's etc.iv
Carpenter, Geo. B. & Co., Twines & Cord. . y
Chicago Cost. & Decorating Co., Cost's.. iii
C., M.&St. P. Railway xv
Chicago Rawhide Mfg. Co., The il
Christy & Co., Engravers, etc v
Christian Science Pub. Co., Pub iy
Clarke, B. F., Morgan Park Property., .xxi
Colliau, Victor, Hot Blast Cupola, Dct.xx.i
Columbia Rubber Works Co., The It. G...iy
Columbian National Bank ii
Commercial National Bank ii
Continental National Bank ..ii
Dale & t'empill. Chemists & Phar xxii
Dayton, Poole & Brown, Patent 'A tt'ys. . .iy
Dibblee, The Henry Co., Ceramics xxxiii
Diinl'i'i', J. Co., Wood Carpets, etc y
Dunlap, 11. & Co., Hats, Caps and Furs. . .iii
Economist, FiiiHii. and Com. Weekly Rev..i
Edwards, H. J. & Son, Carriages iii
Eggk'Mon, Mallette & Brownell, R. ES..XXVJ
Electric Merch'ise Co., Elec. R. Supplies. .iii
Everingham, L. & Co., Grain Com iji
First National Bank of Chicago ii
Fletcher, D. H., Patent Lawyer iy
Forsyth, Jacob, Whiting, Ind. (Map)...xvii
Forsyth, Jacob, Whiting, Ind xv 'j!
Fowler's Expert Opticians vii
Garrison M., Wood Turnings v
Giles Bros. & Co . , Jewelers iy
Goodrich Trans. Co., ''Goodrich Line"..vi
Gormully & Jeffery Mfg. Co vi
Greenebaum Sons, Bankers xxv
HACK OF BOOK. Cont.
PAGE.
G regg Electric Cure Co xxx
Guarantee Co. of North America iii
Gust Knecht Mfg. Co., Barbers' Supplies, .ii
fiutta Pereha Rubber Mfg. Co iv
Hair, J. A. &S.G., Real Est. and Loans..xxx
Hallowell C. H. & Co., Sign Painters iv
Hanson, C. H., Stencil and Stamp Goods. . . v
Harris, N. W. & Co., Bankers ii
Heuer, Aug. & Sons, Upholstery Goods. . . \
Hibernian Banking Association ii
Hills, Edwin E., Mineral Waters iv
Illinois Terra Cotta Lumber Co i i
Jennings Trust Company, The ii
Kirstner & Co., Chus., Arch, and Eng..xxxii
Koiii, Kdson & i o.. Wholesale Milliners. ..x
Kemper, Alfred C.. Steam Pipe Covering, v
Kiniball, Geo. F., Plate Glass iv
Knapp \- Stolkird, Wholesale Furniture. . .v
Kurt/. BCOS.& BuhrerLt Gr.Ir'n Cast \sxxxi
Lyons, .las. I., Art. Limbs ii
Magee Fu rn . Co . Furnaces and Ranges. . . iii
Maxwell. S. A. & Co., Wall Paper v
Merrick Thread Co. Spool Cotton Mfrs .v
Mil.Ave.State Bk.& Safe Dcp't Vaults xxiv
Moore, E. IJ. &('.>., Wood ( 'arpets, etc . . . . v
Murray & Co., Tents, Awnings, etc v
Murray & Co., Signs of all Descriptions . .iv
Murray & Co., Awnings, Tents, etc ii
Mutual Life lng.Co.of N.Y.,Ill.Gen. Agcy.ix
N.-W. Line, The C. & N.-W. Ry.Co xiv
Peabody, Houghtelling & Co., Inv. (card)iii
Peacock, C. D., Jeweler iii
Peacock, E. P., Metal Articles . iv
Phenix Lumber Co., Milwaukee, Wis..xxx
Pjoneer Buggy Co., Columbus, O xx vii
Plankinton House, Mil., A. L. Chase, M.xix
Post, The Chicago Evening xii
Pratt & Ely, Real Estate Agents j i
Relic House, The Rtlics of the G. F. . . xx xi
Rice & Whitacre Mfg. Co., Boilers (card) . ji
l(ire\- Whittacre Mfg. Co., Engines (card). iii
Ritchie, W. C. & Co , Paper Boxes viii
Sawyer, Goodman Co., Lumber Mfg xiii
Sharp & SThith, Surgical Instruments ...v
Shurly Co., The Watchmakers & Jewelers, v
Smit i Granite Co., The Monuments iy
Standard Guide to Chicago, The xxviii
Stevens & Co., Old Coins \- Post. Stamps., .iy
Sweet, Wallach & Co., Photo. Goods vii
Street R. R.& Co., Dyestuffs iii
Tate, C. L., Artificial Limbs ii
Tliavcr& Jackson, Stationery Co v
Tiffany Press Co., Pressed Br : ck iv
Trine, Dr. J. G., Movement Cure Inst ...iy
Union Electric Works, Electric App iii
Union National Bank ...... xxiii
Union National Back of Chicago, (card)...ii
Watson, George E., & Co., Artists' Sup ii
Watson, Little & Co., Coal iii
Wolf& IVriolat Fur Co., Furriers ...... iii
Wood Bros., Com. Mer. U S. Yards xxi
Wyckoff, sw-jmans & Benedict x vi
Peabody, Houghteling & Co.
No. 59 DEARBORN STREET,
CHICAGO.
Loans *P Investments on Real Estate Security exclusively.
INVESTMENTS.
CHICAGO CITY MORTGAGES FOR SALE.
For the convenience of investors we carry from $200,000 to $500,000 of choice
mortgages at all times. These loans are made by us after careful investigation
of the titles, the value of the securities offered and responsibility of borrowers.
In transacting a business of over $70,000,000, no title approved by us has evei
been successfully attacked.
IN ANY AMOUNT.
These loans vary in amount from $500 to $50,000, and bear from 5 per cent,
to 7 per cent, interest, payable semi-annually at our office or at such place as investor
may elect. The standard rate on ordinary amounts, say $3,000 to $10,000, being
6 per cent.; smaller loans, G% per cent, and 7 per cent.; large loans, on excep-
tionally strong security, 5 per cent, and 5J^ per cent.
AT PAR AND ACCRUED INTEREST.
These securities are 'ready for delivery, and are on sale at par and accrued
interest. No commission is charged the buyer, the income named being net.
INVESTORS' INTERESTS CARED FOR WITHOUT CHARGE.
We collect all interest and remit to any part of the country free of charge.
We see that all insurance policies pledged as collateral security are renewed at
expiration, and that the investor is protected in case of failure on the part of the
borrower to pay taxes. In other words, we act as financial agents for the investor
without charge. Parties buying mortgages securing building loans, where the
buildings are not fully completed, are guaranteed completion free of mechanic's
liens.
PRINCIPAL AND INTEREST PAYABLE IN GOLD.
Real Estate Investments
Sviite 23,
92 La ,Salle Street
CHICAOO.
IF you desire acre property in Chicago and vicinity for
SUB-DIVISIONS, MANUFACTURING SITES OR INVESTMENT
purposes, where prices have not been "boomed," where
the land lies from 25 to 100 feet above the lake, and pos-
sesses natural beauties unequaled elsewhere around
Chicago, and where improvements n<3t already made are
being pushed in every direction, send for list of acres in
NORTHWEST sections, controlled EXCLUSIVELY by me.
If you prefer improved property paying fixed income
on gold basis for long term of years, write me for informa-
tion.
Correspondence Solicited. No Trouble to Answer Letters.
GENERAL INDEX.
AMUSEMENTS.
Alhambra Theater 116
Auditorium Theater 117
Battle of Gettysburg-
Panorama 120
Casino 123
Central Music Hall 120
Character of Chicago
.Theaters 116
Chicago Opera House. ..121
Chicago Theaters 116
Chiekering Music Hall. .123
Columbia Theater 122
Concert Halls, Circuses,
etc . 128
Criterian Theater 122
Epstean's New Dime Mu-
seum 122
Freiburg's Opera House.122
German Theater 123
Grand Opera House 123
Halsted Street Op. Hse . . 124
Havlin's Theater 124
Haymarket Theater . . .124
H. R. Jacob's Clark Street
Theater 126
H. R. Jacob's Academy. 125
Hooley 's Theater r>5
Kohl & Middleton's Mu-
seums 128
Libby Prison Museum.. 126
Lyceum Theater 126
Madison Street Theater. 126
Me Vicker's Theater 1 27
New Windsor Theater.. 127
Park Theater 127
People's Theater 127
Standard Theater 126
Theater Buildings 116
Theatrical Architecture.116
Timmerman Opera Hse. 127
Waverly Theater 128
ARCHITECTURE.
Character of Buildings .128
Cost of Steel Building . 131
Inspection of Steel 132
Magnificent Buildings. . . 128
Method of Construction. 129
Notable Examples 130
Office Buildings 129
Steel Construction 130
Testing Steel Columns.. 132
ART.
Art Collections 136
Art Institute 133
Art Institute Building. .134
Artists in Chicago 132
Art Museum 133
Art School 136
Art School,Admission to 137
ART Continued.
Art School Classes 136
Art School, Terms 137
Permanent Art Bldg ... 133
Popularity of Art Inst. .135
Society of Artists 137
Union League Art Asso-
ciation 138
AUDITORIUM BUILDING.
Cost of Construction 138
Cost with ground 138
Dimensions 138
Directory and Officers. .139
Enclosures 139
Entrances 139
History 139
Investments 140
Lobby 140
Location of 141
Recital Hall 141
The Auditorium 141
Views of and from 141
BANKING INSTITUT'S-NAT
America 148
American Exchange 143
Atlas M43
Chemical 143
Chicago 143
Columbia 144
Commercial 144
Continental 144
Drover's 145
First 145
First of Englewood 146
Fort Dearborn 146
Globe 146
Hide and Leather 146
Home 147
Illinois 148
Lincoln 147
Live Stock 148
Merchants 147
Metropoltian 147
Northwestern 149
Oakland 149
Prairie State 149
Republic 149
Union 160
BANKING INSTITUTIONS
STATE AND PRIVATE.
Adolph Loeb & Bro 150
American Trust and Sa-
vings IfiO
Avenue Savings 150
Bank of Commerce 151
Bank of Montreal 151
Cahn & Strauss 151
Central Trust & Savings . 151
Charles Henrotin 151
BANKING INSTIT'NS-Con.
Chicago Trust & Sav-
ings 151
Corn Exchange 151
Dime Savings 152
E. S. Dreyer & Co 152
Farmers' Trust Co 152
Foreman Bros 152
Globe Savings 152
Greenebaum Sons 152
Guarantee Co. of N. A. .162
Hibernian Bank'g Asso-
ciation 153
Illinois Trust and Sav-
ings 153
Industrial Bank 153
Internationale 154
Meadowcroft Bros 154
Merchants' Loan and
Trust 154
Milwaukee Ave. State. ..164
Northern Trust 155
Peabody, Houghtelling
&Co 155
Peterson & Bay 156
Prairie State Savings 156
Pullman Loan and Sav-
ings 156
Slaughter, A. 0.&Co.:..16a
Schaffner & Co 157
Security Loan and Sav-
ings 157
State, of Chicago 157
Union Trust Company. 157
Western Trust and Sav-
ings 157
CEMETEKIE8.
Anshe Maariv 158
Austro-Hungarian 158
Beth Hamedrash 158
B'nai Abraham 168
B'nai Slalom 158
Calvary 158
Chebra Gemilath 158
Chebra Kadisha 153
Concordia 168
Congregation of N. S .... 158
Forest Home 158
Free Sons of Israel 159
German Lutheran 159
Graceland 159
Hebrew Benevolent If
Moses Montefiore 160
Mount Greenwood 160
Mount Hope 160
Mount Olive 160
Mount Oiivet 160
Oakwoods 160
Ohavey Scholom 160
Rosehill 160
Saint Boniface 161
11
GENERAL INDEX.
CEMETERIES-Contlnued.
Binai Congregation 161
Waldheim 161
Zion Congregation 161
CHARITIES.
Am. Edu. Aid Asso 166
Armour Mission 167
Asylums and Homes 161
Bureau of Justice 168
Chari table Societies ... 165
Charities, Miscelianeous.165
Chicago, Free Kinder-
garten Association... 171
Chicago Home for Crip-
pled Children 173
Chicago Nursery and
Half Orphan Asylum. 172
Chicago Orphan Asylum. 172
Chicago Policlinic 172
Chicago Belief and Aid
Society. ... ,.. 173
Church Home for Aged
Persons 173
Convalescents' Home. . . 173
Daily News Fresh Air
Fund 169
Danish Lutheran's Or-
phans' Home 174
Day Nurs's & Creches 163
Erring Woman's Ref'ge.174
Foundlings' Home 175
Free Dispensaries 163
Free Employment Bur-
eaus 163
Free Nurses 163
Ger. Old Peoples Home. 179
Good Samaritan Socie-
ties 179
Guardian Angel Orphan
Asylum 1 79
Hebrew Charity Asso. . .179
Helping Hand, The 179
Holy Family Orphan
Asylum 180
Home for incurables 180
Home for Self-Support-
ing Women 181
Home for the Friendless.! 82
Home for the Jews 18i
Home for Unemployed
(iirls 182
Home for Working
Women 183
Home of Industry 184
Home of Providence 185
Home of the Aged 186
Hospitals, Free & Pay . . 163
House of the Good Shep-
herd 186
Hull House 186
Jewish Charitable Asso. 177
Lake Geneva Fresh Air
Association 177
Margaret Etter Chreche.186
Masonic Orphans'Home.187
Miscellaneous Charities. 165
CHARITIES Continued.
Missions. Charitable 165
Newsboys' & bootblacks'
Home 187
Odd Fellows Orphans'
Home 188
Old Peoples' Home 188
Pioneer Aid & Support
Association IPO
Recognized Charities... 161
School for Deaf & Dumb.lW)
Servite Sisters Industrial
Home for Girls 190
Soldiers' Home Fund. . . .190
St. Joseph's Asylum for
Boys 191
St. Ji seph's Female Or-
phan Asylum 191
St. Joseph's Home 191
St. Joseph's Providence
Orphan Asylum 192
St. Paul's Home for
Newsboys 193
Training Schools for
Nurses 163
IJhlich Evangelical Or-
phan Asylum 193
Waifs' Mission 193
Waifs' Mission, Training
School 194
Young Ladies' Charity
Circle 194
Young Men's Hebrew
Charity Association.. 194
CHRISTIAN ORGANIZATIONS:
Bible Institute 195
Central W. C. T. U. of
Chicago 195
Chicago Bible Society. . .196
Christian Endeavor Soc.196
National W. C. T. U.
Headquarters 197
Young Men's Christian
Association 197
Young Men's Christian
Asso. (Scandinavian) ..199
Young Woman's Christ-
ian Association 199
CHURCHES.
Baptist Churches 202
Baptist Missions 203
Christian Churches. . . . . .201
Churches in ante fire
days 200
Churches, Miscellane-
ous 209
Congrfgational Chs 201
Episcopal (Reformed) ...'.04
Episcopa 1 (Reformed
Missionary) 20"
Episcopal Churches .2U5
Episcopal Missions and
Chapels 205
Evangelical Asso. of N.
A. (German) 203
CHUHCHES-ContlnnwI.
Evangelical Lut h e r a n
(English Churches) ... 203
Evan. Lutheran (Dan )..203
Evan. Lutheran (Ger.). .203
Evan. Lutheran (Norw.)204
Evan. Lutheran (Sepa-
ratists 204
Evan. Lutheran (Swed.).204
Evangelical (United) . . 204
Evan. Lutheran R e-
f ormed 204
Free Methodist Chs .... 205
Independent Churches. .205
Jewish Synagogues SOS
Location of leading Chs. 200
Methodist Episcopal
Churches 206
Methodis t Episcopal
(African) 208
Methodist Episcopal
(Bohemian) 206
Methodist Episcopal
(German) 206
Methodist Episcopal
(Norwegian) 207
Methodist Episcopal
(Swedish) 207
Popular Ministers and
Preachers 201
Presbyterian Churches .207
Presbyter! an Church
(United) 208
Presbyterian Missions.. 207
Roman Catholic Chs.. . . 208
Swedenb orgian(New
Jerusalem) 209
Unitarian Churches 209
Universalist Churches.. 209
CITY GOVERNMENT.
Aldermen, Salaries 66
CityCrk's Office, Salaries' 64
City Collector, Salary... 66
City Collector's Office.
Salaries 64
City Fire Dept. (See Fire
Dept.) 48
City Hall Minor Em-
ployes, Salaries 64
Com.of Pub.Wks., Salary 66
Compt., Salary 6*5
Corp. Coun., Salary 66
Cost of City Gov. 1891 .. 53
Disbursem't of City, 1891 53
Eleemosynary Inst 47
Erring Woman's Refuge
for Reform 47
Feed Officers, Salaries... 64
Fire Dept. .Salaries 64
Firemen's Pension Fund 47
General Information,
(see "Municipal Infor-
mation") 49
Gen. Sup. of Pol., Salary 66
Health Dept., Salaries . . 65
House of Good Shepherd 47
GENERAL INDEX
111
CITY GOYERNMENT-Cont'd.
111. Humane Society 47
Institutions, Partly Sup-
ported by City 47
Law Dept., Salaries 65
Map Dept, Salaries. 65
Mnyor, Salary 6
Mayor's Assts., Salaries. 66
Police Court, Salaries. . . 65
Police Dept., Salaries .. 65
Pub.W'ks Deit.,Sal'ries 66
Police Pension Fund 47
Pros. Atty, Salary 66
Revenue of City 1891 .... 53
Salaries of City Officers. 4
Sew. Dept. Salaries. ... 66
Spec. Ass. Dept. Salaries 60
Street Dept.. Salaries -..66
Supt.of City Tel.,Sala r y 60
Supt. of St. Dept., Salary 66
Tenement House and
Factory Inspection . . . 54
Treasurer's Salary 6S
Tel. Dept. Salaries 66
Washingtonian Home . . 47
CIT BAILWAY SERVICE.
Cable Lines, Manage-
ment of 210
Calumet Electriu Road. .216
Carette Lines 217
Character of Service 2 10
Chicago City Ry. Co. . .212
Chi. City Ry. Co., Busi-
ness of 1891 212
Chi. City Ry.Co.Offlcers.212
Cicero& Proviso t-t RdCo 217
Equitable Trans. Co. . . 218
Increase in Traffic 211
Lake St. Elevated Rd...218
Mil. A v. Elevated Rd ..219
New Electric Road 219
N. Chicago St. Ry. Co. . .213
N. Chi. St. Rd.Co. Finan-
cial Condition of. 213
N. Chi. St Rd Co.,Officers 213
Pay of Cable Employes .211
Randolph St.Elevat'dRd 219
So. End Electric Ry 219
So. Side Alley ' L" Hd. . .219
Steam Rd Service 211
Wab. Av. Sub-Ky Tr Co.220
W. Chicago St. Kd. Co.. 214
W. Chicago St Rd. Co..
Business of 1891. . 214
W. Chi. St. Rd Co., Madi-
soii St. Line 214
W. Chi. St. Rd Co., Mil .
Av. Line 215
W.Chi. St.RdCo.,Miscel210
W.Chi. St. Rd.Co., New
Cars and Extensions. . .215
W. Chi. St. Rd. Co. , New
Tun'l and Cable Serv..215
W.Chi.St.Rd.Co.,Officers210
W. Chi. St. Rd. Co., the
Tunnel Loop 215
CLIMATE.
Average Rainfall in
Chicago 39
Excessive Rainfalls 40
Extremes of Heat and
Cold 39
Highest Mean Tempera-
ture 39
Lowest Mean Tempera-
ture ... 39
Maximum Rainfall 39
Mean Annual Humidity, 39
Mean Annual Precipita-
tion 39
Mean Annual Tempera-
ture 39
Mean Temperature 1891, 39
U. S. Signal Office Re-
ports 39
CLUBS ATHLETIC, SPOUT-
ING, ETC.
Athletic Club Houses . .220
Base Ball Clubs 2H
Boat & Yacht Clubs . . . .221
Chicago Athletic Asso . . .222
Chicago Curling Club. 223
Chicago Fencing & Box-
ing Club 224
Cricket Clubs 224
Cycling Clubs 224
Hand Ball Courts .V 225
Horse Associations 226
Hunting, Fishing & Gun
Clubs 221
Indoor Base Ball Clubs.. 227
Tennis Clubs ...228
Union Athletic Club . . 228
Western Asso. of Base
Ball Clubs 228
CLUBS-GENTLEMEN'S AND
SOCIAL.
Acacia Club 228
Areolus Club 228
Apollo Club 228
ArgoClub 228
Ashland Club 229
Bankers' Club 229
Bi-Chlorideof Gold Club
of Chicago 229
Bi-Chloride of Gold Club
ofDwight 229
Bi-Chloride of Gold Club
of the World 230
Bon Ami Club of Wil-
mette 230
Calumet Club 230
CarletonClub 231
Chicago Club 231
Chicago Electric Club.. 231
Chicago Women's Club. 231
Church Club 232
Clarendon Club 233
Commercial Club 233
CLUBS Continued.
Conference Club of
Evanston 233
Congregational Club. . . 2J3
Cosmopolitan Club of
Evanston 233
Dearborn Club... 2*1
Dinner Clubs 233
Douglas Club 233
Douglas Park Club 234
Elks Club 234
Evanston Club. . 234
Evanston Country Club.234
Fellowship Club 235
Foreign Book Club 235
FortyCiub 23 1 )
Fortnightly Club 235
Germania Club 236
German Press Club ... 236
Girls' Mutual Benefit
Club 236
Grant Club 236
Hamilton Club 237
Harvard Club 2.>7
Harvard University Clb.237
Hyde Park Club 237
Ideal Club 238
Idlewild Clb of Evanston238
Illinois Club 238
IndianaClub 238
Irish-American Club 239
IroquisClub 239
Irving Club 239
Ivanhoe Club of South
Evanston 239
-John A. Logan Club. . .239
Kenwood Club 239
Lafayette Club 240
LaGrange Club 240
Lakeside Club 240
La SalleClub 240
Lincoln Club 240
Lotus Club 210
Marquotte Club 241
Minneola Club 241
MinnetteClub. 241
Nationalists' Club 241
Newsboys' Club 241
North Shore Club 241
Oakland Club 241
Oaks of Austin 24>
Park Club 242
Phoenix Club 242
Practitioners' Club 242
Press Club of Chicago.. 242
Ryder Club 243
Seven O'clock Club 243
Sheridan Club 243
Single Tax Club 244
South Side Medical Club.244
Southern So. of Chieairo244
Standard Club 244
Stenographers' Club 24)
Sunset Club 245
Union Club 245
Union League Club 246
University Club 246
IV
GENERAL INDEX.
CLUBS Continued.
Union Veteran Club 246
Wah Nah Ton Club 247
COMMEBCE OF CHICAGO.
Bank Business, Compar-
ative . 30
Washington Park Club. 247
WebsterClub 247
Bank Clearances, Com-
parative 30
Whttechapel Club 247
Woman's Sufferage Club248
Bank Clearances, 1886 to
1891 30
Woman's Club of Evan-
ston 248
Bank Clearances for 1891 30
Woodlawn Park Club . . .248
Banks, Clearing in Chi-
cago 30
CLUBS LITEBAUY.
Barley, Receipts and
Shipments of 32
Browning Clubs .. . 249
Business of Chicago 1891 40
Chicago Library Club. . .249
Chicago Literary Club. .249
Cl'b Litterairie Francais.250
go from ia50 to 1891. . . 40
Board of Trade Busi-
ness 1891. . . 32
111. Women's Press Ass'n.250
Longfellow Club 251
Board of Trade Corn-
Palette Club 251
changes 31
Papyrus Club 251
Press League Club 251
Saracen Club 252
Board of Trade Ethics .31
Board of Trade Specula-
tion 1891 39
Spanish Amer'can Club. 252
Tuesday Heading Club. .252
Board of Trade Trans-
actions 31
Twentieth Century Cl'b. 253
Women's Reading Circle
Boot and Shoe Trade
1891 55
of South Evanston 253
CLUBS STATE SOCIAL OB-
Calves, Receipts of 1891. 35
Calves, Shipments for
1891 36
(JAM/ATIONS.
Capacity of Grain Ele-
vators 34
California Pioneers . . . .253
North Pacific Assoc 25,4
Ohio Society of Chicago. 25*4
Sons of Chicago 265
Capital of Chicago Bnks ;i|
Cattle, Receipts of 1891 . . 35
Cattle, Shipinentsof
1891 36
Sons of Connecticut 255
ClothingTrade 1891 55
Sons of Delaware 255
Condition of State and
Sons of Indiana 255
National Banks 31
Sons of Louisiana 255
Corn Exports to Canada 33
Sons of Maine 255
Sons of Massachusetts 256
Corn, Receipts and Ship-
ments .. 33
Sons of Michigan 256
Crockery and Glass-
Sons of New York ;'">(>
ware Trade 1891 . . 55
Sons of Pennsylvania. . .256
Sons of Rhode Island .257
Deposits of Chicago
Banks 31
Sons of Vermont 258
States Columbian Asso-
Drug and Chemical
Trade 55
ciation 258
Dry Goods and Carpet
Trade 1891 55
COMMEBCIAL EXCHANGES.
Export Trade of Chicago
1891 56
Board of Trade 259
Exports of Wheat and
Board of Trade Bldg . . 259
Flour 32
Board of Trade Corn's. .259
Board of Trade, Finan-
Flour, Receipts and
Shipments of 33
cial Condition of 260
Board of Trade Ofticers..2&9
General Trade of Chica-
go 1891 55
Builders' & Traders' Ex-
change 260
Grain and Produce, Re-
Chicago Amer. Horse
1890-91 .. ..35
Exchange 260
Chicago Real Estate Bd 260
Chicago Stock Ex 261
Grain Elevators, Own-
ers of 34
Exchanges, Miscel 263
Fruit Buyers' Ass'n 261
Grain Exports to Canada 33
G rain, Inspected in 34
COMMEBCE-Contlnaed.
Grain Inspection 34
G rain Inspected Out 34
Grain Storage Capacity. 34
G rocery Trade 1891 55
Hat and Cap Trade 1891. 55
Hogs and Cattle Slaugh-
tered in 1890 35
Hogs and Cattle Slaugh-
tered in 1891 35
Hogs, Receipts of 18.)!.. ;<.">
Horses, Receipts of Ib91 85
Hogs, Shipments of 1891. 36
Horses, Shi pmentsof
1891 36
Import Trade 1891 50
Internal Reven u e R e-
ceipts at Chicago 41
Iron and Steel Trade ... 57
Jobbing and Wholesale
Business 55
Jobbing Business 55
Live Stock Receipts for
1890 .36
Live Stock Receipts 1891 35
Live f-tockShipments for
1S91 36
Live Stock Shipments of
1890 36
Live Stock Transactions
1891 &5
Lumber Trade 1891 55
Lumber Trade of Chgo.. 41
Manufa cturedlron
Trade 1891 55
Manufacturers of Chgo
<.M '<> "Mnfrsof Chicago) 57
Millinery Trade 1891 55
National Banks, C o n-
ditionof 31
National Banks,Deposits 31
Oats, Exports to Canada 33
Output of Chicago
Brewers 41
Produce, Receipts and
Shipments, 1890-91. .. 37
Provision Storage Ware
Houses 38
Railroad Live Stock
Transactions 1891 37
Rye Exports to Canada. 33
Rye, Receipts and Ship-
ments 38
Savings Banks, Deposits 31
Sheep, Receipts of 1891 .. 35
Sheep, Shipments of 1891 36
Speculation on Board of
Trade 39
Speculative B u s i n ess,
Board of Trade 39
State Banks, Deposits. . . 81
Storage Warehouses for
Provisions 38
Surplus of Chgo. Banks. 31
Union Stock Yds. busi-
ness of 1891 35
Undivided Profltsof
Chicago Banks.-.- ... 31
GENERAL INDEX.
COHMERCE-Contlnued.
Volume of Business,
Board of Trade 32
Volume of Chicago's
Business 1891 40
Volume of Chicago's
Business ia50 40
Warehouses for Grain . . 34
Wheat and Flour Ex-
ports 32
Wheat Exports to
Canada 33
Wholesale Business 55
COUNTY GOVERNMENT.
Appropriations for 1892. 45
Board of Commissioners. 41
Clerk of Criminal Court,
Expenses of ... .46
Comptroller's Office,
Expenses of
Cook County Jail 43
Coroner's Inquests 42
Cost of County Officers. . 44
County Agent's Office,
Expenses of 46
County Appropriations
1892 45
County Attorney, Ex-
penses of 46
County Board 42
County Board Salaries.. 46
County Commissioners,
when elected 41
County Hospital, Expen-
ses of 45
County Hospital Salaries 45
County Insane Asylum. 43
County Insane Asylum,
Expenses of 43
County Insane Asylum,
Location of 43
County Institutions at
Dunning, Expenses of 46
County Jail, Situation of 43
County Physician, Ex-
penses of 46
County Poor Farm... . 44
County Poor House,
Location of . 44
County Supt of Schools,
Expenses of 46
County Tax Levy, 1892. . 45
Dentetion Hosp.ital,
Expenses of 46
Detention Hospital for
the Insane 44
Expenses of Cook Co... 44
Expenses of Cook Co. in-
Detail 1893 45
Hospital, Detention for
Insane 44
Insane Asylum, Expen-
sesof 46
Insane Asylum of Cook
County 43
Jail, County, Location of 43
COUNTY GOY'T Continued.
Jail, Interior of 43
Jail, Murderer's Row 44
Jail, The Anarchist Cells 43
Jail, Visitors to 43
Judiciary of Cook Co... 46
Normal School Salary
List 40
Poor House, Expenses of 46
Poor House of Cook Co. 44
Power of Commissioners 41
Prosecuting Attorney,
Expenses of 46
Receipts from Co. Offi-
cers 1892, Estimated. . . 45
. Revenue of Cook Co 44
Salaries of Commission-
ers 41
Salaries of County Em-
ployees 45
Sheriff's Office, Expen-
ses of 46
State's Attorney, Expen-
ses of 46
Supt. of Public Service,
Expenses of. 46
Supplies of Co. Institu-
tions, Cost of 45
Taxable Valuation of
Cook Co. Property... 46
DETECTIVE AGENCIES.
Bonfield Detect. Ag'y.. .263
Bruce Detective Ag'y.. 263
Hartman Detect. A'y.2ti3
Mooney & Boland De-
tective Agency 263
Pinkertqn's National
Detective Agency . .263
Pinkerton's Protective
Patrol ,.264
Thiel's Detect. Service.. 264
Union Detect. Assoc 264
Veteran's Police Patrol. 2C4
EDUCATIONAL INSTITU-
TIONS.
Allen's Academy 264
Amer. Brewing Acad ..295
Armour Mission Train-
ing school 295
Baptist Missionary
Training School 295
Chicago Athaneum 2G5
Chicago Kitchen Garden
Assoc 266
Chicago Manual Training
School 268
Chicago Theo logical
Seminary 269
De La Salle Institute. . .272
Free Kindergartens 404
Glenwood Training Sch.
for Boys 298
Hyde Park Auxiliary.. 300
Hyde Park Conserva-
tory 272
EDUCATIONAL INST. Con'd.
111. Military Academy.. 272
Industrial Sch . for Girls 300
111. Sch. of Agriculture. 298
111. Training School tor
Nurses 296
Jewish Training School. 297
Josephinum, The 272
Kenwood Institute 27 J
Kenwood Physical Ob-
servatory 409
Lake Forest University 273
Lewis Institute 271
McCormick Theological
Seminary 274
Morgan Park Female
Seminary 277
Morgan Park Theologi-
cal Seminary 277
Northwestern Oratorical
League 277
North west'n University .278
St. Ignatius College..' :>7
3 t. Xavier's Academy 288
University of Chicago.. 289
University School 292
Western Theological
Seminary 293
Medical Educational In-
stitutions 294
National Homeopathic
College . ... 294
Reformatory Train i n g
School ?298
St. Mary's Training Sch .
for Boys 2!>9
Training Schools 295
EXPRESS COMPANIES.
Adams Express 301
American Express 301
Baltimore & Ohio Ex-
press 301
Brink's City Express. ...301
Location of Express
Offices 301
Northern Pacific Ex-
press 301
Pacific Express 301
United States Express.. 301
Wells, Fargo & Co.'s
Express 300
FEDERAL REPRESENTAT'N.
U. S. Circuit Judge 47
U. S. Commissioners 47
U. S. Courts in Chicago. . 47
U. S. District Judge 47
U. S. Government Offi-
cers in Chicago 47
U.S. Marshall 47
U.S. Minor Officers 47
U. S. Sub-Treasurer 47
FIRE DEPARTMENT.
Area covered by Depart-
ment 48
VI
GENERAL INDEX.
HUE DEP'T Continued.
City Telegraph and
Electric Lights 48
Efficiency of 48
Equipment and force.. 48
Fire Alarms 1891 48
Fire Losses 1891 48
Headquarters and Or-
ganization 48
Insurance Patrol 49
Location of Stations 49
Marshalis Benner &
Swenie 48
Officers of Department. 48
Pension Fund 49
Standard of Discipline.. 48
GENERAL INFORMATION.
Abstracts of Titles 394
Academies (see "Educa-
tional Institutions"). . .264
Anarchist Monument. ..396
Anarchy in Chicago 396
Annexation 49
Annual FatStock Shows396
Amusem'ts (see "Amuse-
ments") 116
Architecture (see "Ar-
chitecture") 128
Area of Chicago 50
Area of Territory An-
nexed 50
Art in Chicago (see
"Art") 132
Ashland Block 396
Asylums and Homes (se3
"Charities") 161
Auditorium (see "Audi-
torium Building") ...138
Auditorium Tower (see
"Auditorium Bldg.")..397
Banks (see " Banking
Institutions") 142
Boards of Trade (see
"Com. Exchanges") . . .259
Bridewell 51
Bridges and Viaducts... 51
B'ld'g. Operations, since
1876 105
Buildings, 1891 L3
Cable Lines' (see " City
Railway Service ").... 210
Calumet Lake, Area .... 52
Calumet River 52
Causes of Death 52
Cemeteries (see "Ceme-
teries ") 157
Center of Chicago, Geo-
graphical 51
Charitable Missions (see
"Charities") 165
Charitable Societies (see
"Charities") 165
Charities 161
Chicago as a R . R. Center478
Chicago Epitomized ... .397
GEN'L INFORHATION-t'on.
Chicago River 5'J
Christian Organizations 195
Churches (see Churches). 200
City Frontage on Lake
Michigan 52
City Parks 78
City Railways (see City
Railway Service) 210
Clubs, Athletic, Sport'g.22U
Clubs, Gentlemen's and
Social 2JS
Clubs, Literary 248
Clubs, State Social Or-
ganization 253
Colleges (see " Educa-
tional Institutions) . . 264
Commercial Exchanges
(see " Commercial Ex-
changes") 259
Consulates 397
Columbus Building 397
Cook County Hospital
(see "Hospitals and
Dispensaries ") 342
Cook Comity Treasury
Statement 398
Coroner's Inquests 1891 . 42
Coroner's Inquests, An-
alysis of 42
Crib, The 398
Daily Papers (see
"Newspapers ") 417
Daniel O'Connel Statue. 398
Day Nurseries and
Chreches (see "Chari-
ties) 163
Death Rate 52
Detective Agencies ( ee
" Detective A g e n-
cies ") 263
Diseases Prevalent 52
Dispensaries (see " Hos-
pitals and dispensa-
ries") 339
Distance of Chicago
from other principal
cities 399
Drainnge Canal (see
"Ship and Drainage
Canal") 107-112
Drake Fountain 404
Education (see Public
Education") DO
Educational Institutions
see " Educational In-
stitutions") 264
Elevated Railways (*ee
"City R'y Service") . .210
Environs of Chicago (see
"Outlying Chicago") .439
Estimated Cost of City
Gov't for 1892 399
Exchanges, Commercial
(see "Commercial Ex-
changes 259
Express Companies 300
GEN'L INFORMATION-COB.
Factory Inspection 54
Farragut Monument 402
Fire of 1871 399
Fire of 1874 4(1
Fire Relics 401
Foreign Coin, Value of
in U. S. Money 403
Fort Dearborn 403
Free Dispensaries ( see
"Charities") 163
Free Employment Bu-
reaus (see "Charities")163
Free Hospitals (see
"Charities") 163
Free Kindergartens 404
Frt e Nurses (see "Chari-
ties") 163
Frontage of City on Riv-
ers 52
Geographical Centre of
Chicago 51
Goose Island 4t)4
Grain Elevators (see
"Great Industries". .305
Grant Locomot-ive Wks.
(see "Great Ind'st's") .306
Grant Statue, Galena . . .402
Grant Statue, Lincoln
Park 405
Great Clocks of the City. 405
Great Buildings of 1891 .106
Great Buildings of Chi-
cago (see Part V) 561
Great Industries of Chi-
cago (see Great Ind's).302
Growth of Chicago in
square miles 50
Guide to all Parts of (*ee
Part V) 561
Hack and Cab Rates (see
Part V) r6l
Hay market Massacre . . .408
Haymarket Square 406
Health of City 61
Hell Gate Crossing .... 407
Hiisch Monument 407
Horse Car Lines (see City
Railway Service) . . 210
Hospitals (see "H ospitals
and Dispensaries") . . . 339
Hotels (see "Hotels")... 352
House of Correction . 51
Hyde Lake, Area 52
Illinois Internal Reve-
nue Payments . . 407
Illinois Steel Co (see
Great Industries") 3(8
Indebtedn's of Chicago. 408
Inebriate Asylums ... 361
Interstate Exposition. ..408
J. V. Farwell Co 40fe
Keeley Institute o63
Kenwood Physical Ob-
servatory 409
Kosciusko Monument.. 409
Labor Temple 409
GENERAL INDEX.
Vll
GEN'L INFORMATION-Con.
Lake and Hivcr FrontVe "i2
Lakes and Rivers in
Chicago 52
Lake Transportation ..53
heading Societies (see
"Societies") 513
Lemont Stone Quarries
(see "Great Industries")314
Length and Width of city 52
Libraries 380
Life Saving Stations. ...383
Light Houses 3X3
I ,ogan Statue 4C'J
Longest Street in City.. 52
Market Squares 410
Marriage Licenses, 1891 . 52
Marriage Licenses,Anal-
ysis of 52
Mayors of Chicago 410
Meat Markets 410
McCorraick Harv. Mach.
Co. (see Great Indus.) . .315
Michigan Avenue 410
Mileage of Streets 5:5
Military (see "Military"):**
Military Companies (see
"Military" 384
Milk Supply of Chicago. 41 1
Monuments 411
Morgue 53
Nat'n'l Hanks (see Bank-
ing Institutions) 142
Nationalities Represent-
ed in Chicago 8?
Natural Gas Supply. . ..5!
New Patrol Wagon and
Ambulance 412
Newspapers 417
New Water Tunnels 412
Ogden Statue 412
.tlying Chicago (see
" Outlying Chicago ") .439
Police Department (see
1 "Police Department") 79
Population Statistics (see
Population Statistics) 82
Post Office (see "Post-
Office") s.-
P< > verty in Chicago 53
Private Banks (se r > Bank
Ins. State and Private"160
Public Library (see Pub-
lic Library") 99
Public Parks ..... 67-78
Public School (see "Pub-
lic Education 90
Pullman see"Pullman")318
Pullman Palace Car Co.
see Great Industries).. 327
Railroads (see Railroads
and where they lead to) 478
Railroads centering in
Chicago 478
Railroad Entrances 51
Railway Passenger De-
pots 478-513
GEX'fc INFORMATION-Con.
Real Estate (see "Real
Estate and Building"). 103
Recognized Charities ...161
Revenge Circular 412
Riot of '77 412
Rookery 413
Sanitary Condition of
City 51
Schools (see "Public Ed-
ucation") ... 90
S hakespeare Statue,
Lincoln Park 413
Sheridan Road 413
Sheridan Statue 414
Ship Building(see "Great
Industries ') 328
Sights of Chicago (see
fart V) 561
Societies (see "Socities")513
State Bantes (see "Bank-
ing Institutions, State
and Private" ) 150
State Central Com 414
State Institutions (see
"State Institutions") .526
State Militia (see "Mili-
tary") 384
Strangers' G uide (see
Part V) rei
Street Car Linos (see
"City Railw'yService")210
Stock Yards (see "Union
Stock Yard"), 329
Suburbs Annexed 49
Suburbs of Chicago (sre
"Outlying Chicago").. 439
Subterranean Theater.. 415
Surrounding Cities and
Towns.. r 28
Telegraph Service 415
Telephones . . . .' 415
Tenement House Inpec-
tion 54
Territory Annexed 49
Thirty-one Daily Trips
(Sec Part V) 561
Thomas Orchestra 416
Topography of Chicago. 54
Towns around Chicago. 533
Tributary Cities and
Towns (see" Tributary
Cities and Towns") 528
Union Stock Yards (See
"Great Industries").. 329
Uniting City and Co 55
Universities (see " Edu-
cational Ins.") 2114
University of Illinois. . . .416
Urban Transit (see "City
Rv. Service" 210
U. S. Appraisers' Bldg. 416
Viaducts 51
Vital Statistics 51
Von Linne Statue 410
Ward Area of Chicago.. 50
Water Transportation. 533
GES'L IHFORMATION-Con.
Water Supply (see Water
Works) 55
Waterworks (see
" Water Works") . .112-115
Weekly Newspaper (see
" NeVspapers ") 431
William Prince of Orange
Statue 416
Wolf Lake, Area 53
World's Columbian Ex-
position (see Part I V . . 537
World's Fair (see Part
IV) 537
Terkes' Fountain 417
GREAT BUILDINGS OF CHI-
CAGO.
Adams Express Bldg... 581
Ashland Block 396
Auditorium 138
Board of Trade Bldg . . 2oli
Bordon Block 582
Bro. Jonathan Bldg 576
Bryan Block 572
Buildings of 1891 106
Calumet Bldg 574
CaxtonBldg 580
Central Music Hall 585
Chamber of Com. Bldg. .570
Chemical Bk. Bldg 582
City Hal 52
Columbus Bldg 397
Commerce IHdg 5V6
Counselman Bldg 5'.6
Cook Co. Abstract Bid. .597
County Hospital 616
Court House 562
Dearborn Station 581
Donohue & Henneberry
Building 581
Evening Journal B'ld'g.581
Evening Post Building.. 598
Fair, The 594
First National Rk. Bldg .581
German Theatre Bldg. .597
Grand Central Depot . .511
Great Northern Hotel 580
Haymarket Building. .614
Home Insurance Bldg. .574
Ins. Exchange Bldg '75
Inter Ocean Building. .582
John M. Smyth Bldg.. 613
Kent Building 572
Kimball Hall 601
Lafayette Building 569
Leiter Building 594
Madison Hall 614
Major Block 572
Manhattan Building .. 580
Marshall Field & Co., re-
tail 587
Marshall Field's Whole-
sale Building f89
Marine Building 569
Masonic Temple 583
Mercantile Building 571
Vlll
GENERAL INDEX.
GREAT BUILDI> T GS-Con.
Merchants 1 Building-. ..570
Monadnock and Kear-
sage Building 580
Monon Building 680
Opera House Block. (97
Otis Building 571
Palmer House 594
Pheonix Building 576
Pontiac Building ..580
Portland Block 582
Post Office 581
Kand McNally Build-
ing 575
Reaper Block 59
Republic Life Building.. 57:
Rookery Building . . .576
Royal Ins. Building 576
Security Building 599
StaatsZeitung Building.598
Stock Exchange Build'g.581
Stone Building 614
Tacoma Building 571
Temple Court Building.. 581
Temple, The 573
Times Building 598
Tremont House. 582
Tribune Building. 583
Union Building 570
Union Depot C12
Unity Building 582
I'. S. Appraisers' Build'g416
Wheeler Building 567
GREAT INDUSTRIES.
Calumet Iron & steel Co.3U4
Columbia Steel Car Co. .305
Grain Elevators 305
Grain Elevators, De-
seriptii in of 305
Grain Elevators, capac-
ity of , etc 305
Grant Locomotive Wks.3i6
Grant Locomotive Wks.
Importance of 307
Great Western Locomo-
tive Works.. 307
Illinois Steel Company.. 308
Illinois Steel Co., capi-
tal, etc 308
Ilinois Steel Company,
Joliet Works 312
Illinois Steel Company,
Milwaukee Works 311
Illinois Steel Company,
N. Chicago Works 309
Illinois Steel Company,
Product of 309
Illinois Steel Company,
S.Chicago Works.. .. 310
Illinois Steel Company,
Union works 311
John H. Bass Car Wheel
Works 313
Joseph Klicka 313
Kearns & Orme 313
Kurz Bros. & Buhrer. . .314
GREAT INDUSTRIES Con.
Lake Side Nail Co 314
GUIDE Continued.
Twenty-first Day 609
Lemont Stone Quarries. 314
McCormick Harvesting
Machine Co 315
Twenty-second Day 611
Twenty-third Day 614
McCormick Harvesting
Twenty- fifth Day 616
Machine Co., Inspct.
Twenty-sixth Day 616
McCormick Harvesting
Twenty-seventh Day 617
Twenty eighth Day 618
Machine Co., Secrets
of success 317
Twenty-ninth Day 619
McCormick Harvesting
Tlrirty-tirftt Dai/ 620
Machine Co., The First
Abend Post Office 598
Harvester 317
McCormick Harvesting
Arend's Pharmacy . 598
Machine Co., Wide
Spread Business of .. 317
Arend's Kumy ss 699
Armour & Co . 574
Norton Bros. Works. . . .318
Pullman (See "Pull-
Armour, P. D., Charac-
teristics of 574
Pullman, Industries of. 318
Pullman Palace Car Co. 327
Ashland Avenue' 615
Ashland Block, thsNew.597
Bee Hive 594
Pullman Palace Car Co.,
Business of 327
Berry, the Candy Man . .599
Pullman Palace Car Co.,
Black legs 695
Disbursements 328
Pullman Palace Car Co.,
Earnings and profits 328
Pullman Palace Car Co.,
Revenue . 328
Blue Island Avenue 610
Blue Island Ave. Dist. . 610
Boarding House Rates.. 562
Board of Trade District.576
Railroad Trans 304
Richards & Kelly Mfg.
Co 328
Board of Trade Gallery. 576
Seed Market 328
Ship Building Yard. .. 328
Brentano's 602
Source of Iron Ore and
Coal Supply 3C2
Broken Savings Banks . 597
Stock Yds. (See "Union
Stock Yards ") 329
Brother Jonathan Bldg 576
Thompson & Taylor
Bryan Block 573
Spice Company 329
Union Stock Yards (see
Buck & Raynor's 502
"Union Stock Vds")..329
"Bunco Stcerers" 5!'5
Water Transportation.. 3t>3
W W Kimball Co 33 rcnth Day. 592
Chemical Bank Building 583
Tin Ifth Da ii 594
" Cheyenne " 577
Thirteenth Dmi 595
Fifteenth Day 599
Chicago Oyster House 599
Sirtfciith Day . 6
Cicero Electric Line. .. 614
St-renternth Day 602
City Clerk's Office 565
Eighteenth Day .. 6()4
City Collector's Office f.65
Nineteenth Day 606
C ty Hall 562
Twentieth Day 608
City Ha 11, Trip Through.53
GENERAL INDEX.
IX
GUIDE-Continned.
College Place 607
Commerce Building 576
Comptroller's Office 565
Conlidenee Men 564
Corner Drug Stores 592
Coroner's Office 567
Cost of City Hall 563
Cost of Court House .... 563
Council Chamber 565
Counselman Building. . .576
County Clerk's Office. ...567
County Hospital and Sur-
roundings 616
CountyKecorder's Office5G7
County Treasurer's Of-
fice 568
Coupes 561
Xourt House 562
Courts and Court
Rooms 568
Curry's News Stand 599
CycloramaBuildinys . .601
Daily News Office 598
Dale and Sempill's 596
Dale & Sempill's Popu-
larity 596
Dearborn Avenue 618
Dearborn Station 581
Detective Offices 563
Donohue & Henneberry 581
Drexel Boulevard 608
Evening Journal Build-
ing 581
Evening Post Building.. 598
Fair, The 59t
Farwell Hall 599
Fashionable Retail Cen-
ter 593
" Fences " for Thieves. .578
Fidelity Bank Building. 597
Fire Alarm Officers. .. 564
First National Bank
Building 581
Fish, Joseph & Co 593
FiskD. B. &Co 603
Franklin McVeagh &
Co 603
Freie Presse Office 598
French Consul 569
French, Potter & Wil-
son 603
Gamblers and Sports... 595
Gambling District 595
German Theater Build-
ing . ;.. .579
Globe Office 598
Grand Boulevard 607
Grand Pacific Hotel 576
Grant Locomotive Wks.615
G reat Northern Hotel . . 580
Groveland Square 609
Hack and Cab Rates.... 561
Hansom Cabs 561
Hay market Building . . . 614
Headquarters Colum-
bian Exposition 575
GUIDE Continued.
Health Department 563
Heath & Milligan 598
Herald Building LOS
Home Insurance Build-
ing 574
Hotel Rates 563
Hotels and Boarding
Houses 563
Insurance Exchange
Building 675
Inter Ocean Building... 5H3
Iron and Steel Center.. .616
Jackson Hall 569
James H. Walker's & Co.6i>2
J tunes Wilde Jr. & Co. .593
J. B . Chambers & Co . . 597
Jesse Spaldiug's Office . . 569
Jesuit Church 610
JolmM.Smyth Bldg.. .613
Keith & Co 603
Kent Building 573
Kern's 571
Kimball Hall 601
Kohlsaat's 571
Lafayette Building 569
Lake Shore Drive 619
Lake View 619
LaSalle Avenue 619
LaSalleSt 568
Lake Street . r .?:i
Leader, The 594
Leading Houses and In-
dustries (see Spe'l lief) 620
"Levee"The 577
Loeb & Bro 571
Lodging House Misery.. 579
Lodging Houses 579
Lower Strata of Society. 579
Lumber District 616
Madison Hall 613
Madison Street Bridge... 611
Madison & Clark Sts . . . . f 95
Major Block 573
Mandel Bros 593
Manhatten Building &0
Manufacturing Center. .617
Marine Building F69
Marshall Field's Business
Methods 590
Marshall Field, Career
of 587
Marshall Field,in private
life 591
Marshall Field & Co 5b7
Marshall Field & Co's.
barn 578
Marshall Field & Co's
Bldg., Retail 591
Marshall Field & Co's
Business 589
Masonic Temple 583
Masonic Temple,Propor-
tionsof 583
Maxwell's 603
May Subway 565
Mayor's Offices 304
GUIDE-Continned.
McClurg's Book Store . .602
MeVicker'a 582
Mercantile Building 571
Merchant's Building 570
Merchants' Nat'l Bank 569
Methodist Church Bi'ck.597
Metropolitan fc ational
Bank 571
Michigan Boulevard 607
Milwaukee Avenue 617
Monon Building 580
Monatluock and Kear-
sarge Building 580
National Bank of Amer-
ica 570
North Clark Street 617
Northern Suburbs 619
Northwestern Masonic
Aid Asso 575
Northwestern Suburbs. 620
O'Brien's Art Gallery. . .603
Old Financial Wrecks .",n
Old "Terror" District. 610
Old South Market Sq. . .5.5
Only Bldg saved from
the fire on the South
Side 572
Opera House Block 597
Otis Building 571
Pacific A ve 577
I'almer House 594
Parmalee's Agents . ..561
Pawn Broker's District. 578
Pearson St 619
PhenixBldg 576
Police Headquarters . . . . 565
Police Reporters' Room 564
Pontiac Bldg 580
Portland Block 583
Postoffiee Bldg 581
. Potter Palmer 586
Prairie Avenue 604
Prairie Ave., Appear-
anceof 604
Prairie Ave., People win
reside on 605
Present Slums of Chica-
go 578
Printing House Dis't. . .581
Prominent Residents of
North Side Ayes 617
Prominent Residents of
South Side Avenues. ..604
Prominent Residents of
West Side Avenues . 615
Public School Depa 1 . t-
ment 565
Public Library 565
Public Works Depart-
ment 565
Race Murder, Scene of. .578
Rand-McNally Building.575
Reaper Block 597
Republic Life Building. 573
Retail Dry Goods Stores 593
Rock Island Depot 578
GENERAL IXDEX.
GUIDE -Con tinned. .
Rookery Building 576
Room Rates 563
Root & Sons Music Co... 602
Royal Insurance Build'g576
Rush Street 618
Ryan, P.P. & Co 614
Scarlet Women and De-
praved Men 578
School Property 593
Security Building 599
Seigel, Cooper & Co.'s. . .594
Sheriff's Office 567
Slack's 602
Slums, The Heart of the.579
Smyth, John M ... 613
Smyth Building 613
Smyth, John M., Busi-
ness of 613
Smyth's Town Market . .613
Staats Zeitung Building. 598
Standard Guide Co 681
State Street Compared
with Foreign Streets.. 582
State Street from the
Bridge 582
State Street, Original
Improvement of 586
State Street, Potter
Palmer's Generosity . .586
Stensland, Paul O 617
Stock Exchange Bldg..58l
Stone Building 614
Subscription Book Dist 601
South Clark Street .... 578
South Halsted Street. . . 609
South Water Street 583
Southern Manufact'ng
Suburbs 620
Tacoma Building 571
Temple, the 573
Temple Court Bldg 51
Temperance Temple 573
Thomson's Restaurant.. 581
Times Building 598
Tobey Furniture Co.... 602
Touhy&Co 614
Tremont House 582
Tribune Building 582
Trunk Rates 501
"Uncle Jesse" and "Un-
cle Phil" 509
Union Building 570
Union Depot 612
Union Nat. Bank 574
Union Stock Yards 609
Unity Building 582
University Place 607
Vartiell's 596
Varnish District 601
Vincennes Avenue -.f 0?
Wabash Avenue 601
Wabash A ve., Changes in601
Washington Boulevard. 01 tJ
Water Offices 665
West Madison St., a great
thoroughfare 611
GUIDE-Contlnued.
West Madison St., after
the fire 611
West Madison St., from
the Bridge 611
West Side Park System. 614
West Side Park System,
Drive through 615
West Twelfth Street .. 610
Western Associated
Press Office 570
Western Suburbs 615
Western Union Office. . 570
Wheeler Building 5^6
Wholesale District 6
Would-be-sports 695
Y. M. C. A. Building. . .572
Y. M. C. A. Quarters. . . .699
HISTORICAL.
Admission of Illinois. ... 28
Angio-Am'ican War 1812 24
Anglo-French Colonial
War 22
Black Partridge 20
Butchery of Fort Dear-
born 27
Chicago as a City 29
Chicago as a Thrifty
Village , 28
Chicago Portage 22
Death of Marquette 21
Defeat of Gen. Hull 25
English Intrigue 25
Escape of the Kinzie
Family 28
Establishment of Fort at
Chicago 23
Evacuation of Fort
Dearborn 27
Extensions of Chicago . . 29
First Settler of Chicago. 22
Fort Dearborn Erected. 24
Fort Dearborn Massacre 27
Fort Dearborn Rebuilt.. 28
Garrison of Fort Dear-
born 25
Growth of Chicago from
1837 29
Incorporation of Chgo. . 29
Indian Chief Eschika-
gow or Chicago 21
Jolict and Marquette. . .. 21
Kinzie, John 25
LaSalle's Explorations. ':','
Le Mai, the Fur Trader. 22
Louisiana Purchase 23
Massacre of Fort Dear-
born, Site of 27
Original City of Chicago 29
OriginaLSpellingof Chgo 21
Perish Le Clerc 27
Point De Sable 22
Population of Chicago,
1837 29
Population of Chicago,
1855-60-66-70-80-86-89... 30
HISTORICAL Continued.
Present Population of
Chicago 29
Second Settlement of
Chicago 28
St. Joseph, Michigan... 23
Tippecanoe 25
War with England 25
Wells, Captain 20
Whistler, Captain John. 2J
HOSPITALS AKD DISPENSA-
RIES.
Alexian Bros Hospital. .34X1
Augustana Hospital ..;!41
Bennett Hospital 341
Chi. Emergency Hos . .341
Chicago Floating Hos... 31 1
Chicago Horn. Hospital. 341
Chicago Hos. for Women
and Children 341
Cook County Hospital.. .342
German Hospital 34'J
Hahnemann Hospital . . .343
Hebrew Hospital 314
Linnean Hospital 344
Locat'n of Dispensaries. 340
Maurice Porter Memor'l
Free Hospital 344
Mercy Hospital 3i4
Michael Reese Hospital. 345
Natn'l Temperance Hos 340
Presbyterian Hospital . 340
Provident Hospital 347
Ry. Brotherhood Hos. . .347
Bt. Elizabeth's Hospital .247
St. Joseph's Hospital . . 347
St.Luke's Free Hospital. 348
St. Vincent's Maternity
Hospital 350
U.S. Marine Hospital.... 350
Wesley Hospital 351
Woman's Hospital 35."'
HOTELS.
Atlantic Hotel 352
Auditorium Hotel lift)
1 Jriggs House :*V!
Burhe's European Hotel353
Capacity of Chicago Ho-
tels :}52
Clifton House '.'M
Commercial Hotel 3->;
Continental Hotel !i53
Gault House 353
Gore's Hotel 353
Griind Pacific Hotel 354
Hotel Brevoort . 355
HotelDrexel 355
Hotel G race 355
Hotels. Miscellaneous... 358
Hotel Wellington 355
Hotel Woodruff 355
Hyde Park Hotel :$55
Leading Hotels 353
Leland Hotel 355
GENERAL INDEX.
ri.
HOTELS-C'ontinned.
McCoy's Europ'n Hot'l . .a r >6
Palmer House 356
Itichelieu Hotel 357
Saratoga Hotel 357
Sherman House a r >7
Southern Hotel a r >8
Tremont House a r >8
Victoria Hotel Itfs
Virginia Hotel 358
INEBRIATE ASYLUMS.
Alexian Brother's Hospi-
tal 361
Earle's Private Sanitari-
um 361
Keeley Institute (see
"Keeley Institute,"
The) 362
MarthaWash'gt'n Home 361
Mercy Hospital 361
St. Joseph's Hospital.... 3S1
Washingtouian Home... 362
KEELEY INSTITUTE, THE
Associated Koeley Bi-
ehloride of Gold Club.. 364
Bichloride of Gold Club
of Dwight 364
Character of the Patienta364
Daily Life at Dwight... 365
Departures and Arrivals 366
Depot 366
Discovery of theRemedy366
Diseases Treated 367
Dwight, Description of ..367
Effects of the Treatment368
Express Office 369
Government Recogni-
tion 369
Harry Lawrence's 369
Hotel and Boarding
House Accommoda-
tion 370
How One Man was Dis-
eased and How Cured. 370
Information for the In-
terested 371
Inebriety, a Disease 372
Keeley, as a Man 373
Keeley Institutes-
Branches 373
KeelcyInstitute,Chicat!-o:j; I
KeeleyInstitute,Foreign374
Keeley Institute,Parent
House 375
Keeley Institute, Win-
netka 374
Leslie E. Keeley Com-
pany, The 376
Medical Staff 37ii
No Restraint 376
Other Bichloride of Gold
Cures 377
Photography '. 377
Pocket Money 377
Postoffice 377
KEELEY INSTITUTE-Con.
Railroad Communica-
tion 378
Rules and Regulations. .378
Slang 378
Sympathy 379
Taking the Remedy 379
What the Treatment
Does 379
LIBRARIES.
Armour Mission Lib'ry.380
Chicago Athaneum Li-
brary * ....380
Chicago Branch I. T. &
M. Society Library. . . .380
Chicago Historical Soci-
ety Library 380
Hyde Park Lyceum Li-
brary 380
Illinois Tract Society Li-
brary 380
John Crerar Library 380
Lincoln St. M. E. Free
Library 380
Newberry Library . . 381
Public Library(see " Pub-
lic Library") 99
Pullman Public Lib'ry. .3S2
Ravenswood Public Li-
brary 382
South Chicago Public
Library 3S?
Union Catholic Lib'ry.. 382
Western New Church
Library 383
Wheeler Library 383
LIFE-SAVING STATIONS.
Chicago Life-Sav'g St'n.383
E vanston Lif e-Sav'g Stn 383
LIGHTHOUSES.
Chicago Light 383
Crib and Br'kw'r Lights. 3S4
Grosge Point Light 381
MANUFACTURES OF CHI-
CAGO.
Brass, Copper, etc 67
Brewing, Distilling and
Tobacco 57
Bricks, Stone, etc 58
Capital Employed, 1891. . 67
Capital Employed in Va-
rious Manufactures. 57-61
Chemicals 58
Iron and Steel 59
Iron and Wood 58
Labor Employed 67
Leather 59
Manufactures, Miscel ... 61
Meats 59
No. of Mnfg. Firms, 1891 57
Printing 60
MANUFACTURES-Con.
Textiles 60
Wages, Employes, 67-61
Wood 90
MARITIME INTERESTS.
Arrivals at Chicago Har-
bor, Comparative 61
Arrivals from!883to 1891 63
Clearances at Chicago
Harbor, Comparative. 61
Clearances from 18a3 to
1891 63
Coastwise Receipts and
Shipments 63
Comparison with Lake
Ports 62
Comparison with Sea-
board Cities. .' 61
Greatest Harbor i n
America 61
Lake-Carrying Trade. . . 61.
Shipments of Grain to
Canada 62
Tonnage of Lake Vessels 63
Value of Exports by
Lake 63
Vessels Cleared at Chi-
cago 61
Vessels Entered at Chi-
cago 61
Vessels Owned in Chi-
cago 64
MILITARY.
Battery D, 1st Artillery .389
Cavalry Troop A 391
Chicago Hussars ii91
Chicago Zouaves . . . : 393
Cook's Chicago Lancers 392
Ellsworth Chi. Zouaves. 392
Evanston Zouaves 393
First Brig., I. N.G.,Gen'l
and Staff 387
First Regt., Armory 389
First Regt., Field & Staff
Officers 388
First Regt., I. N. G. ...387
First Regt., Standing and
Personnel 388
Fort Sheridan 385
Gov. Headquarters ... 384
Illinois National Guards 386
Military Dept.of the Mo. 384
Rock Island Arsenal 386
Second Hegt. Band 391
Second Refit., Field and
Staff officers . 390
Second Regt., I. N.G.... 390
Second Regt., Hist, of .390
Veteran Societies 393
NEWSPAPERS-DAILY.
Abendpost 417
Arbeiter Zeitung 418
Dagbladet 420
xn
GENERAL INDEX.
NEWSPAPEBS, DAILT-Con.
Daily National Hotel
OUTLYING CHICAGO-Con.
Antioch 441
OUTLYING CHICAGO-Con.
Evanston City of 450
Reporter, The 418
Argyle Park 441
Daily News, The. .. 419
Arlington Heights 442
Daily Sun, The 420
Auburn Park 442
Fairview Park . 452
Drovers Journal, The . . .420
Aurora 442
Feehanville 442
Evening Journal 420
Austin 442
Fernwood 452
Freie Presse 432
Avondale 443
Forest Hill . 452
Goodall's Daily Sun .422
Barrington . 443
Forest Home 452
Herald, The Chicago 422
Batavia 443
Fort Sheridan 452
Illinois Staats Zeitung..424
Bayer 443
Fox Lake 452
Inter Ocean, The 425
Bensonville . 443
Franklin Park 451?
List.y 426
Benton 443
Geneva .... 453
Mail, The Chicago 418
Berwyn 443
Glencoe 453
Post, The Evening . . . . 426
Bloom 443
Glen Ellyn 453
Press, The Evening ... .418
Blue Island 443
Glen wood 453
Skandinaven, The 427
Brainard . . . 444
Goodenow 453
Times, The Chicago ... .428
Bremen 444
Grand Crossing 453
Tribune, The Chicago. .429
Brighton Park 444
Grant Locomotive W'ks,
Brisbane . . 444
addition 453
NEWSPAPERS-WEEKLY AND
Buena Park . ... 444
Grayland 453
OTHElt PUBLICATIONS.
Gray's Lake 454
, Advance, The 431
Burlington Heights . .444
Greenwood 4. r >4
Banner of Gold, The. . . 431
Calvary 444
Greggs 454
B r a i n a r d ' s Musical
Camp McDonald 444
Griffith 454
World 433
G rossdale 454
Chicago Dramatic
Canfield .. 444
Gross Park 455
Journal 432
Cary . 444
Gurnee .. 455
Chicago Eagle 432
Cheltenham . . 444
H ammond 455
Citizen, The 433
Harlem 456
Credit Company, The. . .433
City and Environs 439
Harvey 456
Economist, The 433
Clarendon Hills . 444
Hawthorne 457
Farmers' Review, The . 434
Clifton 444
Hejjewisch 458
Figaro 434
Clintonville .... 444
Hessville 458
Ex position Graphic, The434
Clyde 444
Highland Park 458
Furniture 434
Colehour . 444
Highlands 458
German-American . 435
Conleys . . . 445
High Ridge 458
Graphic, The 435
Cortland 445
Hinsdale 458
Inland Architect and
Crawfoi'd 445
Hyde Park Center 459
News Record 435
Crete . . 445
Irving Park 460
Inland Printer, The 435
Itaska 46 1
Interior, '1 he . . . 435
Crystal Lake 445
Jefferson Park 460
Iron Age, The 430
Cummings 445
Joliet 460
Legal Adviser, The 43fi
Cuyler 445
Kenosha : 461
Lumber Trade Journal. .430
Dalton 445
Kensington 461
National Builder The 43C
Kenwood, 461
Nederlander, De 436
Lacton 462
Norden . . . .433
De Kalb 445
La For 462
Northwestern Christian
Deplaines 445
La Grange 462
Advocate . 437
Des Plaines 445
La Vergne 403
Dolton 445
Lake 463
man The 437
Lake Bluff 463
Occident 437
Dyer ...446
Lake Forest ... 463
Es'mt Grove 446
Lakeside 463
Lake Villa 463
Presto ' 438
land 446
Lemont 464
Libertyville 404
Edison Park 446
Linden Park 464
Eggleston 447
Lisle 464
Union Signal 438
El burn . 449
Lockport 464
Elgin - 449
Lombard 464
Flmhurst 449
Mandel 464
OUTLYING CHICAGO
Flsdon 449
Manhattan 464
Maple Park 4fi4
Suburbs 439
Englewood Heights 449
Maplewood 464
Englewood on the Hill 449
Marley 464
Altenheim .. . ..441
Eola... 450
Matteson 464
GENERAL INDEX.
Xlll
OUTLYING CHlCAGO-Con.
Maynard 464
Maywood 464
McCaffrey 465
Melrose 46i
Millers 465
Mokena 465
Monee 4f<5
Mont Clare .465
Montrose 465
Moreland 465
Morgan Park 465
Morton Park 466
Mount Forest 467
Mount Greenwood 467
Mount Prospect 467
Naperville 4<>7
New Lenox 467
Normal Park 467
North and South Shores 441
North Evanston 467
Norwood 467
Oak Glen 467
Oakland 467
Oak Lawn 467
Oak Park 467
Oak woods 46tf
Orchard Place 468
Orland 468
Palatine 468
Park Ridge 46S
Park Side 468
Pine. 468
Prairie View 468
Prospect Park 468
Pullman (See " Great
Industries ") 468
Racine 468
Ravens wood 468
Ravinia 469
Redesdale 469
Rhodes 469
Richton 469
Ridgeland 469
Riverdale 469
River Forest 4-i9
River Park 469
Riverside 469
Rockefeller 470
Romeo 470
Roseland 470
Sag Bridge 471
Sherman 471
Silver Lake 471
South Chicago 471
South Englewood 471
South Evanston 471
South Lawn 472
South Lynne 473
Spring- Bluff 472
Stone Wood 472
Stough 472
Suburban Railway De-
pots 410
Suburban Railway Ser-
vice 440
Suburbs annexed 439
OUTLYING CHICAGO-Con.
Surnmerdale 472
PARK SYSTEM-Continned.
Jackson Park 72
Summit 472
Jackson Blvd ... 73
Sycamore 473
Thatcher's Park 473
Lake Front Park 78
Thornton 473
Lake Park. . . 78
Tolleston 473
Lake Shore Drive 73
Tracy 473
Lincoln Park 74
Transportation to Sub-
urbs 440
Lincoln Park Conserva-
tory 6S
Tremont 473
Lincoln Pk., Mon'ts in... 75
Lincoln Pk. Palm-house 75
Michigan Ave. Blvd 75
Midway Plaisance 75
North and South side
Viaduct 76
Trevor 473
Turner 473
Upwood 473
Warrenton. . 473
Washington Heights. . .473
Waukegan 473
North Side Parks 67
Waukesha 473
Oak wood Blvd 76
Wayne 474
OgdenBlvd 76
Wentworth 474
Park Com'rs, how Appt. 67
Parks under City Con-
trol 78
West Ridge 474
West Roseland (see
"Roseland") 474
South Parks, The 69
Western Springs . . 474
South Side Parks ... 67
Wheaton 474
Thirty-fifth Blvd . 76
Wheeling 474
Union Park 76
Whiting 474
Vernon Park 78
Wild Wood 477
Washington Blvd 76
Willow Springs 477
Wilmette 477
Washington Park 77
Washington Park Con-
servatory ... 69
Winfleld 477
Wmnetka 477
Washington Square 78
Western A ve . Blvd 77
W. Twelfth Street Blvd. 77
West Side Parks . 67
Woodlawn . . 477
Worth 477
PARK SYSTEM.
Access to Parks 67
West Side Park Improve-
ments 79
Aldine Square 78
Wicker Park 78
Area of Parks 68
Woodlawu Park 78
Area of Public Squares. 68
Ashland Blvd 70
POLICE- DEPARTMENT.
Assistant Sup't 79
Campbell Park 79
Central Blvd 70
City Parks 78
Bureau of Identification 80
Congress Park 79
Conservatories 68
Composition of Force ... 80
Cost of Maintenance 80
Detective Department.. 80
Div. Headq'rt'sandPrec >0
Divisions' Inspectors 80
General Headquarters.. 81
Control of Parks 67
Conveyances to Parks. . . 67
Douglas Blvd 70
Douglas Monument
Square 78
Douglas Park 70
Douglas Park Conserva-
tory 69
Patrol System 81
DrexelBlvd 71
Policemen's Ben. Asso... 82
Ellis Park 78
Gage Park 71
GartieldBlvd 71
Garfiekl Park 71
Secretary 80
Garneld Park Conserva-
tory 69
POPULATION STATISTICS.
Americans in Chicago. . . 82
Bohemians in Chicago.. 8,','
Cook County Popula'n . . Si
English in Chicago .... 82
Foreisru Born Residents 82
Grand Blvd 71
Groveland Park 78
Humboldt Blvd 72
Humboldt Park 72
Humboldt Park Conser-
vatory . . . . 69
XIV
GENERAL INDEX.
POP. STATISTICS Con.
French in Chicago .... 83
PUBLIC EDUCATION-Con.
Manual Training in Pub-
lic Schools 92
PULLMAN, GUIDE TO-Coii.
Death Rate (see'Health 1 ili;.'!
Depots o"J
Physical Culture in Pub-
Doctors 321
lic Schools 93
Drainage . :>"!
Public School B'ldgs 94
DiCdging ... 321
Population 18i2 82
Public Sch'ls, How Con-
ducted 90
Drop Forge Company . .321
Dry Kilns .. 321
Population by Divisions 83
Receipts of School B'r'd. 92
Revenue Public Schools. 95
Dwellings (see " Build-
ings") 321
ships 83
Salaries School Emp.. 95-98
Electric Lighting .;21
Population by Wards. . 83
PUBLIC LIBRARY.
Electro Plating 821
Engines '','.(
Population of Illinois.. 84
A Cosmopolitan Collec-
tion 99
Flats (see " Buildings ").321
Flora 32
Administration of 99
Fire Department . I>21
Scotch in Chicago 82
Branch Delivery Sta-
tions 100
Freight Car Shops 321
Foundry (see " Union
U. S. Census Figures 82
Cards of Membership. . .103
Character of Books 1<
Foundry." 321
Fuel :J21
Circulation of Books 101
Garbage 322
Condition of, 1892 101
Gas Works 321
POST OFFICE.
Delivery Stations 100
Branch Offices 85
Directors' Report, 1892.. 101
Glass .321
Business, Increase of 86
Employes of 100
Librarian 102
Green Houses 322
Halls ....322
Employees of 85
Maintenance of 99
Hammer Shop 322
Health 3'*i
Force Employed ... 85
Foreign Mails, Closing of 85
Number of Volumes 102
Officers of 'J'J
Ilennepin Canal 322
History .... 5*23
Percentage of Circula-
Hospitals 322
tion .. . '102
Hotels 322
International Money
1 Order System 87
Present Location of 99
Reference Department.,103
Houses (see " Build-
ings ").... . 322
Secretary 102
House Drainage (see
Mail Matter, First-Class. 89
Visitors During 1891... 103
"Drainage ") 322
Hydrants 322
Class 89
PULLMAN, GUIDE TO.
Ice Houses 322
Mail Matter, Second
Class 89
Allen Paper Car Wheel
Industries ?22
Insurance 322
Mail Matter, Third Class 89
Amusements 319
Iron Machine Shop 322
Journals 322
Arcade 319
Labor ; 323
Officers of the P. O 87
Arcade Theater 819
Lake Calumet 322
Architecture 319
Lake Michigan 322
Art . 319
Lake Vista 322
Railway Mail Service 89
Athletic Association. . . . 319
Band (see "Music") 319
Land Association 323
Leases 323
Railway Post Offices 89
Bank 319
Library 322
Receipts for 1H91 90
Birth Rate 319
Living at Pullman 323
Receipts of Post office . . 90
Blacksmith Shops 3 9 I
Blocks 319
Lumber Yards 323
Machinery 323
Registry Department. . . 90
Revenues of P. O 90
Salaries of Officers 90
Sub-Stations 85
Brass Works (see "Union
Foundry" 319
Brick Yards 319
Manufacturing . . 323
Market 32: 5
Municipal 323
U. S. Money Order Sys-
tem ... 90
Buildinsr s 320
Business Houses 320
Calumet Mfg. Co 320
Calumet River 320
Music 323
Nativity 323
Necrology (see
"Health") 323
PUBLIC EDUCATION.
Cemeteries 320
Operatives (see "Work-
Census 320
men") 324
Organization . 324
Children's Work 320
Paint Works 324
P ijp TSJ 1 SS .h V Q1
Churches 320
parks 324
Est'd Expenditures.!^. 98
Columbia Screw Co 321
Corliss Engine 320
Passenger Car Shops . . .324
Pavements 324
Board... .. 92
Dairy Farm . ...321
Play Grounds 32
GENERAL INDEX.
XV
TOLLMAN, GUIDE TO Con.
Police 324
Politics 3 .'4
Power 324
Pullman Cars 324
Pullman City 324
Pullman Company (see
also "Pullman Palace
Car Company") . ...324
Pullman Farm 3;5
Pullman Iron and Steel
Works 325
Pullman Land Associ-
ation 325
Railroad 325
Rents 325
River Calumet 325
Secret Societies 325
Sewers and Sewage 32 >
Schools 326
Sidewalks 3. '5
Social Life 325
Stables 325
Steam Heating ~.325
Stores ;<~'t>
Street Railroad 325
Streets 325
Suburban Trains 326
Suburbs 326
Tenants 326
Terra Cotta Lumber Co. 326
Theater 32 i
Trees 326
Union Foundry and Car
Wheels Works 32B
AVages 326
Watchmen 326
Water 3^8
Water Tower 326
Waterworks 326
Women's Work 327
Workmen 327
RAILROADS AND WHERE
w ,. THEY LEAD TO.
,- Atch son.Topeka & Santa
< Fe 478
, Baltimore & Ohio 480
Chicago & Alton 438
Chicago, Burlington &
Quincy 482
Chicago & Calumet Ter-
minal 490
Chicago Central 481
Chicago & Eastern 111.. .491
Chicago & Grand Trunk.491
Chicago, Milwaukee &
St. Paul 484
Chicago & Northern Pa-
cific 492
Chicago & North-west-
ern 493
Chicago, Rock Island &
Pacific 486
Chicago, St. Paul &
KansasCity 48
RAILROADS Continued.
Cleveland, Cincinnati,
Chicago & St. Louis. . .497
Erie Lines 498
Grand Trunk 499
Illinois Central 500
Lake Shore & Michigan
Southern 503
Louisville, New Albany
Chicago 504
Michigan Central 504
New York Central 504
Northern Pacific 505
Pennsylvania Lines (iti7
Union Pacific 508
Wabash 510
Wisconsin Central Lines.511
REAL ESTATE AND BUILD-
INGS.
Building, Comparative.. 104
Bldg. Operations, 1891. . .103
Bldg. Oper. since 1876. . .105
, Building Permits, 1891.. 104
-" Great Bldgs. of 1891 106
Growth of Chicago 105
Real Estate Market, '91. .105
Real Estate Transfers. . .105,
School Bldgs. erect. '91.. 107
SHIP AND DRAINAGE CA-
NAL.
Changing the Water
Flow 107
Chicago Sanitary Dis-
trict,Mapof 108
Cost of the Undertak'g.109
Disposing of the Chicago
Sewage 109
Drainage Commission . .107
Map of Sanitary Dis-
trict 108
Powers of Commission.. 107
Route of theSbip Canal. 109
Uncertainty as to Work
on 112
SOCIETIES.
Art Student's League. . .513
Back Lot Societies of
Evanston 513
Bar Association 514
Bohemian Free Think-
ers 514
British American Asso.514
Canadian Amer. League 514
Chicago Academy of
Sciences .514
Chicago Astronomical
Society 514
Chicago Democracy... 514
Chicago Historical Soc'y 515
Chicago Law Club ... 515
Chicago Law Institute. .515
Chicago Orchestral
Union 515
Chicago Philatelic Soc'y 516
SOCIETIES-Continued.
Chicago Soc'y of Deco-
rative Art 5!6
Chicago Turngemeinde.516
Columbian Asso 516
Cymrodorian Soc'y. 517
Dania Soc'y 517
Deutscher Krieger
Verein 517
Garibaldi Legion 517
Germania Soc'y of Chi. 518
German Mutual Benefit
Association 518
Girl's Friendly Soc'y. . ..518
Horticultural Soc'y 518
Illinois Humane Soc'y.. 518
Illinois Soc., Sons of the
American Revolution. 519
Ill.State Bd.of Charities 519
Irish Catholic Coloniza-
tion Ass'n 520
Irish Nat. Burial Ass. . . 520
Luxemburg Unterstuet-
zungs Verein 520
Medical Societies 520
Moral Education'l Soc'y 520
Naval Vet. Ass'n 520
N. W. Associ'n of Horse
Breeders 520
N. W. Trav. Men's Ass. .521
Ogontz Association 521
Personal Rights League 521
Philosophical Society.. .522
Physical Culture and
Correct Dress 232
Plat Deutsch Verein 522
Ref onn.Societies ... 522
Ridgeway Ornithologi-
cal Club 523
Secret Societies 523
Singing Societies 523
Societa Christof oro Col-
umbo 523
Societa Francaise D e
Secours Mutual 523
Societa Itiliana Unione
e Fratellanza 523
Society for Ethical Cul- .
ture 523
Soldiers' Home Asso . . 623
South End Flower Mis-
sion 5'3
St. Andrew's Society. . . .523
State Microscopical So-
ciety 624
State Council Catholic
Benevolent Legion 524
St. Vincent De Paul So-
cieties 5?4
Temperance Societies. . .524
Turners' Societies 524
Typothetae, The 524
Union Veteran League. .524
Unione e Fratellanza 524
Union Veteran Legion.. 525
United Commercial
Travelers of America.525
XVI
GENERAL INDEX.
SOCIETIES-Contlnned.
Western Amateur Press
Asso 525
Western Society. Army
of the Potomac 525
Woman's Press Asso 525
Wonfan's Alliance 526
Woman's Exchange 526
SPECIAL REFERENCE.
Andrews, A. H. & Co. ..626
Blatchford, E. W. & Co. 024
Carpenter, Geo. B. & Co 626
Chicago Rawhide Mfg.
Co The 625
Crown Pianos 8c Organe.C29
Curry Charles C.28
Dodge Mfg. Co. The.... 620
Douglas' Instantaneous
Water Heater 629
Ely, The Edwards Co . . .r22
Fooler, E. 8. & W. S. ttf!
Gregg Electric Cure Co.630
Gormully & Jeffery Mfg.
Co 631
Henry Dibblee Co ... . . ..621
Irwin, Green & Co .... 623,
James, Fred S. &Co... 623
Jenkins, Kreer & Co... 627
Kaestner, Chas. & Co 627
KimbarkS. D 630
Marine Engine Works ..621
McDonald, Charles.. . .628
New York Mutual Life
Insurance Co 631
Northwestern Masonic
Aid Asso 632
Northern Assurance Co.
of London 631
Pettibone, Mulliken &
Co 624
Phenix Lumber Co. Mil-
waukee 531
Plank inton Hotel, Mil-
waukee ...531
Rice & Whitacre Mfg.
Co 622
Richardson M.A. Jr. &
Co 625
Ritchie, W. C. & Co 628
Sawyer-Goodman Co 624
S\yeet Wallach & Co ...620
Victor Colliau's Hot
Blast Cupola, Detroit. 529
Vierling, McDowell &
Co 626
Warner Bros. Corset
Mfgs 625
Western Wheel Works.. 6'S
8T.4TE INSTITUTIONS.
Illinois Asylum for Fee-
ble Mind'eii Child'n ... 526
Illinois Central Hospital
for the Insane 526
Illinois Charitable Eye
and Ear Infirmary 526
STATE INSTITUTIONS-Con.
Illinois Hospital for the
Insane 5~'6
Illinois Institution for
the Education of the
Blind 526
Illinois Institution for
the Education of the
Deaf and Dumb 526
Illinois Northern Hospi-
tal for the Insane 527
Illinois Soldiers' and
Sailors' Home 527
Illinois Soldier s'
Orphans' Home 527
Illinois Southern Hospi-
tal for the Insane 527
Illinois Southern Peni-
tentiary 627
Illinois State Peniten'y .627
Illinois State Reform
School 528
TRIBUTARY CITIES AND
TOWNS.
Cincinnati 528
Cleveland 528
Columbus 628
Council Bluffs 528
Des Moines 528
Detroit 529
Galena 529
Galesburg *29
Indianapolis 529
Jackson 29
Jacksonville 530
Kansas City 530
Keokuk 530
Leavenworth 530
Lincoln 530
Louisville 53 1 )
Milwaukee 530
Minneapolis . 531
Omaha 531
Quincy 532
Springfield 532
St. Joseph 532
St. Louis 532
St. Paul 532
Tributary Cities 533
Tributary Towns in Sur-
rounding States 533
Tributary Towns, Popu-
lation of 533
UNION STOCK YARDS.
Area covered by 319
A rmour's Great Busi-
ness 336
"Big Four " The 335
Capacity of 330
Classification of Cattle.. 333
Clay, Robinson & Co. ...336
Currency and Weights. 332
Disposing of receipts. . . 333
Dressed Beef Business . .334
Exchange, The 335 |
UNION STOCK YARDS Con.
How Live Stock is Rec'd .331
Location of 329
Method of Buying and . .332
Selling 332
Packing Companies 335
Rules and Regulations.. 331
Sights in Pack ingtown.. 337
Slaughtering the Cattle .334
Union Stock Yards Com. 329
Wood Bros 33*5
Yardage Charges, etc 332
WATER TRANSPORTATION.
-LAKE.
Goodrich Line 634
Goodrich Line, Steam-
ships of 534
Goodrich Line, Descrip-
tion of the "Virginia.. 534
Graham & Morton Trans-
portation Co 533
Lake M. & Lake S. Trans.
Co. 535
WATER WORKS.
Central PumpingWorks.112
Description of Water
Works System 112
Expenditure since 1861 . . 113
How to reach Pumping
Station 1 2
How to reach Crib 112
Location of Pumping
Stations 112
New Water Tunnels 114
Source of Water Supply.114
Suburban Water Supply. lla
Temperature of Lake
Water 114
Total Cost of Water
Works to 1892 113
Water Supply of Envi-
rons 115
Water Towers 114
WORLD'S COLUMBIAN EX-
POSITION.
Act of Congress author-
izing World's Fair 565
Administration 537
Administration Build-
insr. Progress of 551
Agr't'l Bldg., Prog-
ress of 551
Appropriations of For-
eign Countries 646
Art Galleries, Progress
of 551
Board of Architects . - 540
Board of Control and
Management of U. S.
Government Exhibit. .540
Board of Lady Mana-
gers 640
Board of Reference and
Conirol 638
GENERAL INDEX.
XV11
WORLD'S COL. EX. -Con.
Building Outlook 189 i.. 551
Chicago Stock Subscrip-
tion 550
Chiefs of Departments.. 539
Commissioners 638
Committees 538
Com. of the Directory of
the World's Col. Ex.
on Word's Cong's fi44
Congresses 544
Dairy Building, Pro-
gress of 552
Dedicatory Ceremonies.554
Director General 539
Dutiable Articles Ex-
hibited 556
Electric Lighting 552
Electricty Building,
Progress of 551
Entrance Pee 554
Estimated Value of Sal-
vage 550
Executive Department. 539
Exhibits 554
Expenditures to Date . . 549
Exposition Bldgs., An-
nexes, etc 549
Exposition Bldgs., Area
Covered 548
Exposition Bldgs., Cost.
of 548
Exposition Bldgs., Di-
mensions of 548
Exposition Bldgs., Ex-
penditures 549
Financial Ability of Ex-
position Company . . . 550
Financial Resources 550
Fisheries Bldg., Progress
of 551
Foreign Participation ..546
Forestry Bldg., Progress
of 551
WORLD'S COL. EX.-Con.
Geenral Information . . .554
General Review 516
Government Aid and
Kecognition 547
Government Exhibits. . .56
Hand-Hook of the Expo-
sition 559
Headquarters 559
Hotel Accommodation.. 554
Hoiticultural Building,
Progress of 551
Illinois Bldg, Progress of 552
Int. earned on deposits.. 550
Jackson Pk., Prep, at . . .654
Jackson Park and Mid-
way Plaisance 554
Lighting the Buildings
and Grounds 552
Local Board 538
Local Bd. of Directors . .539
Local Bd. Corn's 538
MachinervHall, Prog.of 551
Manufactures and Lib-
eral Arts Building,
Progress of 551
Material Used in Con-
struction of Buildings.552
Medical Bureau 540
Mines Bldg., Progress of. 551
Nations Responding .. 546
Naval Review 553
Officers of Local Board. P38
Organization of Expo . . .557
Origin of World's Fair
Movement 555
Power of Commission. . .556
Precautions against Fire552
Preliminary Work 555
Pres. Proclamation 556
Pres. Proclamation.Text
Of 557
Progress of Construct'n.551
Prospective Gate Rec'ts.560
WORLD'S COL. EX.-Con.
Prospective Receipts
from Concessions and
Privileges 650
Restaurants & Cafes .... 664
Sewerage Arrange-
ments 552
Site of the Exposition . .558
Special Attractions 558
Special Exposition Fea-
tures 5f,4
State and Territorial Aid
and Recognition 547
Stock Subscriptions... .550
Total cost of Exposi-
tion 549
Transportation 552
Transportation Bl dg . ,
Progress of 651
Transportation, In-
crease of 559
TJ. 8 Government Bldg 552
WaterSupply 552
Woman's Branch of the
World's Congress Aux-
iliary 545
Woman's Build'g, Prog-
ress of 551
Women's Work 553
World's Columbian Com-
mission 537
World's Congress,
Arrangements for. . ..553
World's Congress Aux^
iliary 541
World's Congress Aux-
iliary, Topic to be Dis-
cussed 558
World's Congresses Pro-
posed 544
World's Congress De-
partments 541
The publishers desire to state that no "paid" matter of any description ichat-
ever appears in the body of this icork. Commercial houses, corporations, private
interests and individuals are referred to only because a Guide to Chicago would not
be complete were mention of them omitted. These references are made not only
without previous arrangement, but in nearly every instance without the knowledge
of the houses, corporations or persons referred to. The sole aim of the publishers has
been to make a perfect hand-book. Such "paid " matter as appears in this volume
is printed plainly aft advertising.
THE FRONTISPIECE.
The Frontispiece in this edition of THE STANDARD GUIDE is taken
from the Great Oil Pai//fii/>/ presented to Chicago by the Contributors to the Fin
lit lief Fund in London, England, after the g nut fire o/ 1871. There was a
surplus left after Chicago had received all the a'ul tlffmtit nfressary, and this was
used to pay for the painting of the picture. It hangs in the rooms of the Historical
Society . Though severely criticised as a Work of Art, it irill become yearly more
valuable as a Historical Souvenir.
a y
6 t
c O
CHICAGO.
Not in the Arabian Nights' Entertainments, though bathed in all the
glorious colorings of Oriental fancy, is there a tale which surpasses in won-
der the plain, unvarnished history of Chicago. And it is probable that even
Ihe elastic credulity of childhood, which from generation to generation has
accepted, without question, the impossible adventures of Aladdin, Ali Baba
and Sinbad the Sailor, would be sorely strained if confronted with the story
which the most prosaic historian of this remarkable city is called upon to
tell.
Chicago is one of the wonders of modern times. Her progress amazes
mankind. There is not on record an achievement of human intellect, skill
and industry that will bear comparison with the transformation of a dismal
swamp, in the midst of a trackless desert, within the span of a human life,
into one of the mightiest and grandest cities on the globe.
The aim of this volume is to present to the reader the results attained by
the people of Chicago in government, art, science, culture, commerce and
general advancement. To do this within the limits of a pocket compendium
has required exacting labor and the exercise of all the skill which the com-
piler could command.
Neither Baedeker's nor Gallignani's celebrated guides, which European
'ravelers find indispensable, are the results of a year's or of ten years' labor.
It has required a quarter of a century or more, and frequent alterations and
evisions, to bring them up to their present degree of excellence. It requires
lime to perfect a volume of this character, particularly when it pretends to
'.over faithfully a city like Chicago, where changes of magnitude are con-
stantly occurring, and where it demands all the watchfulness, energy and
enterprise of the editors of our great daily newspapers to keep up with the
rapidly-moving and never-halting procession of events.
I do not claim for " The Standard Guide " any more or less than that it
is a faithful compilation. I have sought material everywhere, and have taken
the liberty of using all the facts and -information that have fallen under my
eye.
17
18 GUIDE TO CHICAGO.
I take advantage of this opportunity to cheerfully and publicly place cm
record my obligations to the reporters of the city press, whose work haa
made it possible for me to collect within the covers of this volume much of
the information it contains.
This book, I believe, will prove to be one of the most useful ever issued in
Chicago, both as a guide and an encyclopedia, and valuable alike to the resi-
dent and the stranger. My aim has been to place this city, so much misrepre-
sented of late, in a proper light before the World to convince the people of
all countries that Chicago is not merely a big, bustling, uncultivated Westein
town, but a great Modern Metropolis, whose people are blessed with all the
advantages and surrounded with all the elevating and refining influences
enjoyed by the residents of cities ten times her age. This volume will be
read extensively throughout America and Europe, and I believe it will con-
tribute in no small degree toward removing the erroneous impressions con.
cerning Chicago and her people which have found a lodgment abroad.
The printing and binding of this book were placed in the hands of Messrs.
Donohue & Henneberry, who have performed their work in a most creditable
manner. The photographic views from which the half-tone engravings were
taken, were furnished by Mr. J. W. Taylor ; the photogravures were made by
Vandercook & Co.
THE STANDARD GUIDE TO CHICAGO will be revised and issued annually.
JOHN J. FLINN.
CHICAGO, 1891.
The above appeared as the preface to the STANDARD GUIDE to Chicago for
891. I have nothing to add to it except this : That the sale of the work
justifies me as its compiler in pronouncing it a success. It seems to have met a
want and filled it. For this I am grateful, and as an earnest of my gratitude, I
have attempted to make this, the revised edition, still more worthy of public
patronage.
JOHN J. FLINN.
CHICAGO, 1892.
PUBLISHERS' NOTICE.
In this volume the World's Columbian Exposition is treated merely as an
incident to Chicago. We publish a "Hand-Book of The World's Colum-
bian Exposition," which will, we are satisfied, be accepted by the public as a
c implete compendium of information concerning the World's Fair. It has
been carefully compiled from official sources, by Mr. John J. Flinn.
THE STANDARD GUIDE COMPANY.
THE MARVELOUS CITY.
A BUSINESS VIEW.
Population of Chicago, 1837
Population of Chicago, 1890 (IT. 8. Census)
Population of Chicago, 1890 (School Census)
Population of Chicago, 1892 (Estimated)
Area of Chicago in Square Miles, 1837
Area of Chicago in Square Miles, 1892
Length of Chicago, Lineal Miles, 1892
Width of Chicago, Lineal Miles, 1892
Buildings erected in Chicago since 1876
Cost of buildings erected since 1876
Frontage of buildings erected since 1876, miles
Buildings erected in Chicago in 1891
Cost of buildings erected in 1891
Frontage of buildings erected in 1891, miles
Bank Clearings of Chicago, 1866 -
Bank Clearings of Chicago, 1891
Commerce of Chicago, 1850
Commerce of Chicago, 1891
Capital of Chicago National Banks, 1891
Surplus and Profits of Chicago National Banks, 1891
Value of Meat Products for 1891
Receipts of Hogs for 1891
Receipts of Cattle for 1891 -
Wholesale Business of Chicago, 1891
Manufactured Products of Chicago, 1891 -
Wages paid Employes of Manufactories for 1891
Capital Employed in Manufacturing, 1891
4,170
1,098,576
1,208,669
1,300,000
10.70
181.70
24
10
67,868
$309,309,379.00
286
11,626
$54,010,500.00
53
$453,798,648.11
$4,456,885,230.00
$20,000,000.00
$1,459,000,000.00
- $21,241,680.00
$12,495,143.00
- $133,860,000.00
8,600,865
3,250,000
$517,166,000.00
- $567,012,300.00
$104,904,000.00
- $210,302,000.00
THE MARVELOUS CITY.
ANOTHER VIEW.
Investment In Public Schools to Date - $58,000,000.00
Pupils Attending Public Schools . . 14.5 751
Teachers in Chicago Publie Schools .... 3 259
Cost of Maintaining Public Schools, 1891 - - $5,013 435.86
Academies and Seminaries In Chicago . - 359
Universities in Chicago - ... 4.
Private Schools in Chicago . . goo
Pupils Attending Seminaries, Private Schools, etc. - - 70,000
Teachers in Academies, Seminaries, etc. - - 12 000
Enrollment at Night Schools, 1891 . . . 12,000
Cost of Night Schools, 1891 $95,361.84
Whole number of Public Schools . . 192
Estimated Cost Public Schools, 1892 - $6,000,000.00
Number of Children of School Age in Chicago 289,433
Number of Books taken from Public Library, per annum - 1,290,514
Number of Volumes in Public Library - 166475
Number of Volumes in other Libraries - 3,000,000
Number of Visitors to Public Library Reading Room, 1891 - 492,837
Reference Books Issued, 1891 . 326,619
Visitors to Art Institute, 1891 - 75,000
Number of Daily Newspapers in Chicago - - - 30
Number of Weekly Newspapers 305
Total Number of Periodical Publications - 611
Productions of Bound Books in Chicago, 1891 9,000,000
Hospitals in Chicago 30
Charitable Asylums in Chicago - - 50
Amount Expended in Public Charities Annually - - $5,000,000.00
Amount Contributed Toward Private Charities Annually - $3,000,000.00
Number of Churches in Chicago - 575
Number of Literary Organizations - . 725
Number of Gentlemenls Family Clubs - 89
Area of Public Parks, Acres - - - 1,974
<
3
O <
3 ^
o 5
* ^
X.
"2 3
Is
s -i
PART I.
CHICAGO AS IT WAS.
In order that the visitor may thoroughly appreciate the magnitude and
splendor of the Chicago of the present, perhaps it would be well enough to
take a glance at the Chicago of the past. The history of the city is as brief
as it is wonderful. One hundred years ago the ground which it covers was
a pathless wilderness an almost impenetrable morass; a swamp, out of
which sprang a dense growth of wild and tangled grasses, with here and
there a mound or a ridge covered with wild reeds, or oak and maple trees,
stunted in their growth but luxuriant in their foliage.
Since 1673, when Joliet and Marquette, induced by the marvelous tales
told them by the Indians regarding the Big Water that laid toward the
north, gazed upon Lake Illinois (the name which Lake Michigan bore for
many years), and discovered the portage of the Chicago, or Checagow, as the
natives pronounced it, a number of French explorers and missionaries from
the South and Canadian voyageurs from the North had visited the spot upon
which Fort Dearborn was afterward erected by the United States govern-
ment, then in its infancy. Louis Joliet was the agent of Count Frontenac,
the Governor of " New France" afterward Louisiana; and Father Jacques
Marquette was a priest of the Society of Jesus, full of zeal for his religion
and bent upon the salvation of the savage. Some writers maintain that La
Salle preceded Marquette, but the doubt as to this is decidedly in favor of the
Jesuit priest. It was Joliet, however, who first made the outside world
acquainted with the fact that such a stream as the Chicago river existed, by
giving it a place in a roughly-drawn map which accompanied his report to
the French governor. Marquette did not long survive his arrival at Chicago
Portage. He died of a fever contracted in the malarial swamp during the
year 1675, after having established his religion among the Indians. His
successor was Father Claude Allouez, who, during his mission to the Illi-
nois, made several trips to this section.
The Indians had given the name which this city bears to the river. To
them it was Eschikagow or Checagow. There are various stories regarding
its origin. It is known that a chief of the tribe of Illinois was named " Che-
cagow " and that he was sent to France in 1725 and had " the distinguished
honor of being introduced in Paris to the Company of the Indies," but the
21
22 GUIDE TO CHICAGO.
river was called Eschikagow or " Checagow " long before this. The word
"Checagow" in the language of the Illinois meant " Onion;" in the language
of the Pottawatomies it signified " pole cat." The probabilities are that the
stream received its name from the " Onion," that vegetable having been
found in great profusion along its banks by the early explorers.
La Salle in 1678 secured a patent of nobility from the French monarch
and a grant of seignority for Fort Frontenac on Lake Ontario. He then
undertook the task of Western exploration, and visited the Mississippi and
Illinois rivers in furtherance of his object. In his company were three
Flemish friars, and of these Fathers Membre and Ribourde became the
immediate successors of Marquette and Allouez in the Illinois mission. For
nearly a hundred years we read of a succession of missions, of the occa-
sional arrival of an emissary of the French government, of the establishment
of trading posts here and elsewhere along the shore of Lake Michigan, but
nothing in the nature of a permanent settlement is mentioned, and it is plain
that no idea of the foundation of a city at or near the Chicago Portage ever
entered the minds of the few adventurous spirits who found their way hither.
The first settler of Chicago was a fugitive San Domingoan slave named
Point De Sable. How he found his way from his master's plantations to the
French settlements of Louisiana and afterward into the jungles of the North-
west is unknown, but that he was settled in a cabin at the mouth of the Chi-
cago river and was leading the life of a trapper here in 1779 is a settled fact.
Attention is called to his existence by the British Commander of Fort Mich-
ilimacinac in a letter written on the 4th of July of the year mentioned, who
speaks of him as " Baptiste Point De Sable, a handsome negro, and settled at
Eschikagow, but much in the French interest." This negro became quite
prominent as a fur trader, and others who sought to obtain a share of the prof-
its obtained through barter with the Indians soon gathered around him.
Quite a settlement of these trappers and traders sprang up at the mouth of
the river. One of them, a Frenchman named Le Mai, bought De Sable out.
The latter died shortly afterward at Peoria. Le Mai put new life into the
business and caused several improvements to be made in the settlement.
The point continued to grow in importance as a trading post, and Le Mai
became quite a prosperous if not a wealthy man. He continued in busi-
ness here until 1804.
The result of the Anglo-French colonial war, in which George Wash-
ington under General Braddock first achieved military distinction, was to
deprive France of all territory lying upon the great lakes and east of the
Mississippi, and without having any knowledge of the fact, for the scene of
operation was far away and means of communication were few, the settle-
ment of Chicago Portage passed under the protection of the British flag.
Concerning this period, Flinn, in his history of Chicago, says: "In all the
CHICAGO AS IT WAS. 23
subsequent events, the session of Louisiana to Spain, the insurrection of the
Indians under the great Pontiac, and, spurred on by the French traders,
the attempt of the Illinois Chief Chicago to drive back the English; the
English attempt to prevent settlements beyond the Ohio river; the annexa-
tion of the Northwest to Canada; the preparation for a colonial revolt against
King George through all these events Chicago Portage slumbered obliv-
iously in her desolate neck of the woods, as blissfully ignorant of the world
as the world could possibly be of her."
While negotiations for the purchase of Louisiana by the United States
government were in progress the project of building a fort a sort of an out-
post of civilization at the southern extremity of Lake Michigan, was being
entertained by Congress. From the close of the Re volution it had been remem-
bered that British influence among the warriors who overran the West, and
who could be counted in bands of thousands along the upper lakes, was gain-
ing headway, and it became necessary with the acquisition of the new terri-
tory that the United States government should make some demonstration of
its strength in order to counteract the pernicious effects of England's tactics.
The Indians could be made very troublesome to us by the artifices of a nation
that was secretly, if not openly, still an enemy of the republic. Hence the
proposition to build a fort.
The mouth of the St. Joseph river on the east bank of the lake was first
proposed as the proper site for the outpost, but the friendly Indians were
hostile to the measure, withheld their consent to its construction, and the
government commissioners, in the interest of peace, decided to select another
location.
Across the lake from St. Joseph was the Chicago Portage, where
a piece of territory six miles square had been 'ceded to the government
by the Indians. The mere fact that the government was the owner of
these six miles square appears to have been the most potent influence brought
to bear upon the commissioners. Beyond the fact that the government owned
this little piece of land in the wilderness, there was no particular reason why
the fort should be located here, except that the Chicago river emptied into
the lake at this point, and from the Chicago communication could be had by
water with the interior. The undertaking was considered at the time a bold
one, as the post would be far removed from the borders of civilization, and
the safety of its defenders would depend in great measure upon the friend-
ship of the Illinois and Pottawatomie Indians. An order for the construc-
tion of the works was issued by the War Department in 1803. There were no
American military outposts nearer than Detroit and Michilimacinac at this
time. A company of United States soldiers was stationed at the latter place,
under command of Capt. John Whistler, an officer of the Revolution, and
to him was intrusted the work of establishing the new fort. Two young
24 GUIDE TO CfilCAGO.
lieutenants, William Whistler, the Captain's son, and James S. Swearington
from Chillicothe, Ohio, assisted him in command. To the latter he gave in
charge the difficult and dangerous task of conducting the soldiers through the
forests of Michigan to Chicago, while with his wife, his son and his son's
wife a young bride he embarked on the United States schooner "Tracy'
for the same destination.
The schooner arrived in front of the settlement on July 4, 1808. The
mouth of the river was choked with sand, driftwood and weeds. On the
sand bar the schooner discharged her cargo of ammunition, arms and
provisions into small boats which were rowed into the river, and landed at
the spot where the fort was to be erected. There were at this point three
rude huts occupied by French fur traders with their Indian wives and broods
of half-breed children. But the news of the projected work had been noised
around the country, and nearly 2,000 Indians were present to witness the
debarkation. In the presence of these natives the United Stales flag was
planted on a spot made venerable with the memories of 130 years of transient
French occupation. The fort was not completed until the following year.
It occupied, according to Eastman, " one of the most beautiful sites or
the lake shore. It was as high as any other point, overlooking the sur
face of the lake, commanding as well as any other view on this flat
surface could, the prairie extending north to the belt of timber along the
south branch and on the north side, and the white sand hills both to the
north and south, which had for ages past been the sport of the lake winds.'
Around the fort, little by little, began to gather the wild anc"
restless adventurers who blazed the path of civilization through thr
trackless forests. Now and then hunters "dropped in," liked thr
place and stayed. Little by little the three log huts which the schoone?
"Tracy" had found here became surrounded by a little village of simila"
huts, but their occupants, instead of being French traders with squaw wives
were more closely allied by race and disposition to the soldiers within th<-
palisades. There were Indians about in great numbers, but they wer^
friendly and manageable as a rule. The post continued to be entirely isolated
from the rest of the Caucasian race on the continent, and save for an occa
sional visit from a supply schooner, its little garrison might well have been
impressed with the belief that all the world had forgotten them.
The war between the United States and England in 1812, was the cause
of that important event in the history of Chicago, the massacre of Fort Dear-
born. The French settlers previous to this time bad been driven out of Illi-
nois by the English, and the latter had worked their way steadily into the
confidence and affections of the Indians. They had been taught by English
agents and emissaries that the Americans were attempting to rob them of
their hunting grounds and led to believe that if they would join their fortunes
CHICAGO AS IT WAS. 25
with the British the Americans would be driven out of the country. The
Shawnees, a powerful western tribe, had been thoroughly blinded by the
English and had given themselves over bodily to the enemy, with the great
chief Tecumseh attheir head. This chieftain was as eloquent as he was brave.
He talked to the friendly Pottawatomie chiefs, worked upon their credulity
and gained their adhesion to the English cause. Several of them had fought
by his side at Tippecanoe the year before, and it is stated, on good authority,
that Tecumseh contemplated the destruction of Fort Dearborn even then,
and would have carried his design into execution were it not for the defeat
he suffered in that memorable engagement.
He was an energetic man, and he wandered through the wilderness
constantly in search of new allies to assist him in driving the white settlers
east of the Ohio river. He succeeded in forming an alliance of this charac-
ter with the Winnebagoes of Rock River.
The officers who were originally in command of Fort Dearborn were
replaced in 1811 by Capt. Heald, Lieut. Helm, Ensign George Ronan and
Surgeon Van Voorhees. The garrison, at the time, contained sixty-six
soldiers. John Kinzie, the first "prominent citizen, "was living with his
family close to the fort. There were a few straggling farm-houses along the
river. Inside the palisades dwelt the wives of Capt. Heald and Sergeant
Holt, and three other women, the wife of a French trader named Ouilmette,
a Mrs. Boriou, her sister, and Mrs. Corbin, the wife of a soldier. The Kinzie,
Burns and White families were the most prominent in the settlement.
Everybody acquainted with American history will recall readily the disas-
trous defeats and humiliations which befell our armies in the Northwestduring
the early months of the War of 1812. Fort Michilimacinac, Mich., the nearest
post to Fort Dearborn , had fallen . Finally the garrison at Detroit, together with
the town and the entire territory of Michigan, fell into the hands of the Brit-
ish. General Hull, who was in command, was tried by court martial and
sentenced tobe hanged, a sentence never executed, however, for it developed
to the satisfaction of the government and the country shortly afterward
that the War Department, which had been inefficiently conducted, was
really responsible for the disaster. Some days before surrendering he had
the forethought and the manliness to acquaint Captain Heald, commander of
Fort Dearborn, with the situation, to warn him of the impending danger and
to urge him and the little garrison to evacuate the fort and retreat to Fort
Wayne. This was the first intimation Fort Dearborn had received of the
declaration of war with England and the unfortunate disasters which had
followed. The news created consternation and confusion bordering upon
panic. To make matters worse, there was anything but harmony existing
between Heald and his subordinates The latter decided upon evacuation
without consulting with his officers, in spite of the opposition of Kinzie,
26 GUIDE TO CHICAGO.
who was powerful among the settlers, and against the advice of Winne-
mac, the friendly chief, who had brought the tidings from Hull. The
latter had suggested, or ordered, that the supplies contained in the fort
be distributed among the Indians. When arguments failed, and Kinzie
found that Heald could not be turned from his purpose, he begged the
commander to evacuate at once, before news of the American defeats and the
peril of their position became noised ,mong the tribes. Heald, however,
obstinately insisted upon postponing the move till he could summon all the
Indians, in order to divide the supplies among them. Winnemac saw clearly
the danger of this course, and advised that the fort be abandoned without
delay, with everything left as it was; so that while the Indians were ransack-
ing the place, and gorging themselves with the provisions, the garrison might
safely escape. He knew that the savages had become generally hostile.
Further appeals to Heald from officers and settlers proved to be of no avail.
On August 12th, a council of Pottawatomies was assembled and called to
order by Captain Heald, in the presence of Mr. Kinzie, who accompanied him
to the place of meeting outside the palisades. This council passed off peace-
ably enough, Capt. Heald promising to evacuate the fort and distribute the
supplies and all surplus ammunition and arms within the garrison. The
Indians were also to receive a liberal gift of money. The Indians appeared to
be satisfied. They had not as yet heard of the American defeat, Capt. Heald
remaining silent on that subject. It was conveyed to them, however, by
Tecumseh, who promised them a glorious opportunity of driving the whites
forever out of the hunting-grounds.
The effect of this intelligence was to make the Indians at once more
insolent than ever. Heald, in a foolish effort to correct a criminal mis-
take, decided to distribute provisions only, and to destroy the arms and ammu-
nition. The Indians prowling around the fort found fragments of muskets,
flint-locks and broken powder casks thrown in a well, and at the river bank
a number of headless whisky casks. When these discoveries were reported to
the multitude of red-skins now assembled, their rage knew no bounds. They
justly looked upon Heald's act as a piece of treachery, and it compromised
all the good fellowship that existed between the Indians and the garrison, and
even the Chief Black Partridge, who had always been friendly, threw off his
allegiance and became an enemy.
Rumors of the threatened danger at Fort Dearborn had reached Fort
Wayne. Capt. Wells stationed there was a brother of Mrs. Heald. He
started with fifteen Miamis to the rescue, and arrived on August 14th, find-
ing the garrison without hope of deliverance. Evacuation at any cost had
now been determined upon. Starvation was the only alternative. Kinzie
left his family in charge of some friendly Indians, and volunteered to accom-
pany the troops. His influence with the savages was great, and it was hoped
that his presence might prevent an attack.
CHICAGO AS IT WAS. 2?
The evacuation occurred on the morning of the 15th. It was a sad spec-
tacle. As the inmates left the palisades they were preceded by the post
band which played the Dead March. Not a man or a woman among them
expected to reach Fort Wayne. All felt that their doom was sealed. Capt.
Wells led the little band of Miamis which formed the van. He had black-
ened his face in token, it is said, of his impending fate.
The evacuating party consisted of the garrison, about sixty five men,
officers included; the Miamis and leader, the wives and children of officers,
soldiers and settlers about one hundred and twenly-five persons, all told.
They took their route along the southern shore of the lake beach. This was
skirted by a range of sand hills. To the west of these hills, or say from the
line of the present State street inward was the prairie or swamp lands, dry in
the month of August, 1812. Much to the alarm of the fugitives the
Pottawatomies took the prairie on the west side of the sand hills,
and followed them at a distance. They must have reached a point
on the shore at the foot of the present Eighteenth street, when Capt.
Wells, who had been riding in advance, came galloping back with the
announcement, " They are about to attack us, form instantly and charge upon
them." These words were echoed by a volley from the sand hills. The
massacre had begun. ^
At the very first discharge of the enemies' muskets, Capt. Wells' band of
Miamis fled precipitately, their chief following.
The whites fought with all the courage and energy of desperation.
Again and again, the attacks of the Pottawatomies were repulsed, with great
losses on both sides. Ensign Ronan, mortally wounded and kneeling on the
sand, loaded and fired with deadly precision until he fell exhausted. Kinzie
and Capt. Wells were fighting like madmen to protect the women and children.
While the whites were charging on a squad of Indians hidden in a ravine,
a young Indian brute climbed into a baggage wagon in which were the chil-
dren of the white families, twelve in number, and slaughtered every one of
them. The number of whites had been reduced to twenty-eight. After hard
fighting near the ravine the little band succeeded in breakingthrough the enemy
and gaining a rising ground not far from the present Oakwoods, or between
Thirty-Fifth and Fortieth streets. The contest now seemed hopeless, and
Lieut. Helm sent Perish Leclere, a half-breed boy in the service of Kinzie,
to propose terms of capitulation. It was stipulated that the lives of survivors
should be spared, and a ransom permitted as soon as possible.
It was then that the tidings of the massacre of the children reached
Capt. Wells. "Is this their game," he cried, "butchering women and
children. Then I will kill too ! "
So saying he started for the Indian camp, where the Indians had left
their squaws and children, pursued closely by Pottawatomies. He laid him-
28 GUIDE TO CHICAGO.
self flat on the neck of his horse, loading and firing in that position, as fce
would occasionally turn on his pursuers. At length his horse was killed
under him, and he was seriously wounded. While a couple of friendly
Indians were trying to drag him to a place of safety he was stabbed in the
back and killed. It is said the Indians took out his heart and chopped it into
little pieces. Mrs. Corbin, the soldier's wife, fought like a tigress and
refused to surrender, although safety and kind treatment were promised her,
and was finally cut to pieces. Sergeant Holt finding himself mortally
wounded, gave his sword to his wife, who was on horseback, telling
her to defend herself. She, too, was wounded by Indians, who endeav-
ored to capture her alive. She fought with desperation, and finally
breaking away, fled to the prairies. She was captured, however, but
her bravery saved her life, and, after some months of captivity, was turned
over to her friends. Mrs. Heald, who was wounded, was on the point of
being scalped, when a friendly Indian saved her life. Kinzie escaped and
his family was unmolested during the outbreak. Two-thirds of the evacuating
party were massacred. The remainder were finally returned to freedom.
Of course this event broke up the settlement at Chicago Portage. The
fort was completely destroyed and the homes of the settlers were burned
down. The place remained desolate until 1814, when the Government com-
menced the rebuilding of Fort Dearborn.
The new fort occupied the exact site of the one destroyed, and resembled
it in construction. The government at this time also ordered a survey of the
water-course between Chicago and the Illinois river. John Kinzie and family
returned. The settlement began to fill up for the second time. Communi-
cation was opened with towns and settlements in southern Illinois. The tide
of emigration turned toward the West. The waste places were taken up rap-
idly under the homestead act. Illinois was admitted to the Union in 1818.
Chicago began to assume the appearance of a thrifty village, and from that
time on, though interrupted now and'then by dreadful calamities, her course
has been steadily upward and onward. These calamities, as well as all other
events in her history, are noted under appropriate headings in the Encyclopedia
of this work.
[Engraved tor The Standard Guide Company.}
THE GRANT STATUE, LINCOLN PARK.
[See " Grant Statue."]
PART II.
CHICAGO AS IT IS.
Chicago, Cook County, State of Illinois, United States of America, is the
second city on the American continent in point of population and commerce.
Among the cities of the civilized world, it is only outranked in population by
London, Paris, New York, Vienna and Berlin, in the order named. The U. S.
census, taken in June, 1890, placed the number of inhabitants at 1,098,576.
The school census, taken at the same time, generally believed to be far more
reliable, increased the number to 1,208,669. Since then new districts have
been annexed to the city, and the former ratio of increase has been more
than maintained, so that a conservative estimate of the population of
Chicago, in the summer of 1892, brings the figures up to 1,300,000.
The City of Chicago, incorporated March 4, 1837, comprised ' ' the district
of country in the County of Cook, etc. , known as the east % of the south-
west 1^ of section 33, township 40 north, range 14 east ; also the east J^ of
sections 6, 7, 18 and 19, all of fractional section 3, and of sections 4, 5, 8, 9 and
fractional section 10 (except the southwest fractional J^ thereof , occupied as a
military post, until the same shall become private property), fractional section
15 ; sections 16, 17, 20, 21 and fractional section 22, township 39 north, range
14 east. " Since then there have been twelve extensions of the city limits.
The rapid growth of Chicago has been an enigma to those who have not
intelligently investigated the conditions which have led to it. In reality it
hasonly kept pace with the country of which it is the natural commercial center.
Situated as it is on the southwest shore of Lake Michigan, in 41 52' N. lat.
and 87 52' W. long., 854 miles from Baltimore, the nearest point on the
Atlantic seaboard, and 2,417 miles from the Pacific ocean, directly on the
highways from East to West and from the Great Northwestern States to the
Atlantic; having all the advantages of a seaport town combined with those of
a great inland feeder, it is not to be wondered at that within the space of half
a century it grew from a mere hamlet to the dimensions of a great metropolis.
In 1837 the population of Chicago was 4,170. Ten years later it was
29
30
GUIDE TO CHICAGO.
16,859. In 1855 it had grown to 80,000. In 1860 it was 100,206. In 1866 it
was 200,418. In 1870 it was 306,605. In 1880 it was 503,185. In 1886 it was
703,817. In 1889, Hyde Park, Lake, a part of Cicero, Jefferson and Lake
View, outlying towns, which had in fact years before become parts of the
city, were annexed, and the school census of that year gave the population of
the city at 1,066,213.
BANKING.
Chicago in volume of banking business transacted ranks next to New
York, although Boston usually occupies second place in the clearing-house
column which is published by the papers. Boston has fifty-one banks that
clear, while Chicago has but twenty-two, yet the Chicago banks relatively do
more business than the Boston banks. The fact that the clearing-house
figures apparently give Boston a larger business cuts no figure in actual facts.
Chicago really is the second city of the country in financial affairs.
I Clearances for 1891. The following were the monthly totals of clearings
by the associated banks of this city for 1891:
Month.
1891.
1890.
January
$ 315,552,663
$^96,038,598
February
293,2'<25,066
2:3,062,263
333,991,989
304,703,836
April . . .
347,709,049
323,624,385
May
391,093,736
374,969 955
374,708 913
358,607 984
July
362.129,768
350,804,127
August
361,884,577
342,118 026
September
398.157,726
359,984,613
October ..
421,521,165
405,679,992
401,965 054
36i 309 585
December
423,945,524
359,252,540
Total .
$4,456,885,230
$4,093, H.>,904
Total 1889
3 379 925 189
Total 1888
3,163774,463
Total 1887
2,969,216,211
Total 1886
2,604,762,912
Clearances, Comparative. The following shows the bank clearings from
1866 to 1891 inclusive:
1879.... 1,257,756,124.31
1880 1,7~'5,684,894.85
1881 2,249,329,924.73
1882 2,393,437,874.35
1883 " 2,517.371,581.21
1884.' 2,259,680,391.74
1885 2,318,579,003.07
1886.' 2,604,762,912.35
1887 .... 2,969,216,210.60
1888. ' 3,163,774,462.68
1889...! 3,379,925,188.67
1890.. 4,093,145,904.00
1891 4,456,885,230.00
1866 8 453,798,648.11
1867 580,727,331.43
1868 723,293,144.91
1869 734,664,949.91
1870 810,676,036.28
1871 868,936,754.64
1872 993,060,503.47
1873.... 1,047,027,828.33
1874 1,101,347,918.41
1875... 1,212,8]', ,207.54
1876... 1,110,093,6?4.37
1877 1,044,678,475.70
1878... 967,184,093.07
CHICAGO AS IT IS.
31
Condition of State and National Banks. The following tables prepared
from the last statements furnished by the State banks to the Auditor and the
national banks to the Comptroller are matters of interest and pride to every
Chicagoan, and clearly establish the financial precedence of Chicago over all
competitors with the exception of New York.
Deposits subject to check-
$ 58 179 588
,
29 831,158
$88 000 726
15605907
15 605907
Time and demand certificates
4 604 687
5 118 008
9 722 695
To the credit of banks and bankers-
National banks
50,961,740
4 238 461
55200201
$168 5''8 559
The capital, surplus and undivided profits of the national
banks-
Capital
$21,298,680
9 378 950
Undivided profits
3,116,193
$34 793 823
State banks
Capital
12,327,000
3,869,000
1 8H9 288
18 065 288
fotal ,
$ 52 859 111
There was not a single bank failure in Chicago during the year 1891.
'Since the panic of 1873 there have been fewer bank failures in Chicago than
in any other large American city.
BOARD OF TRADE TRANSACTIONS.
The Chicago Board of Trade is a world -renowned commercial organization.
Itexercisesawiderand a more potential influence over the welfare of mankind
than any other institution of its kind in existence, for it practically regulates
the traffic in breadstuffs the world over. Its transactions are of far more
importance to humanity in general than are those of the Exchange of London,
the Bourse of Paris, or the Stock Exchange of New York. The volume of
business transacted on the floor of the Chicago Board of Trade annually is
amazing; the fortunes made and lost within the walls of the great building
every year astonish the world. The membership of the Board of Trade is
about 2,000 nearly all young men, full of the genuine Chicago spirit of
enterprise, pluck and perseverance. Notwithstanding the severe criticisms to
which the methods of the Board have been subjected from time to time, the
commercial honesty and personal integrity of the members are recognized
everywhere. On the Board of Trade there is a code of moral ethics which
can not be violated with impunity. The member who is not known to be
GUIDE TO CHICAGO.
commercially honorable, or whose word has once been broken, or who has
been detected in a disreputable transaction, loses caste among his fellows and
is shunned for all time. Men lose fortunes here because they risk them, not
on a game of chance, but in a trial of judgment. The Board of Trade
building is om of the architectural monuments of Chicago. (See "Board of
Trade Building.") The volume of business done on the Chicago Board of
Trade during the year 1891 was largely in excess of any previous year of its
history. The grain and produce business of Chicago is transacted on the
Board of Trade. The following exhibits will give the stranger an idea of the
immensity of the business done:
Barley Receipts and Shipments: The following table exhibits the receipts
and shipments of barley in this market during the past twenty-two years:
YEAR.
RECEIVED
BUSHELS.
YEAR.
SHIPPED
BUSHELS.
1870
3335653
1870
2,584,692
1871
4 069 410
1871
2,908,113
1872
2,251,750
1872
5,032,308
1873
4240239
1873
3,366041
1874
4 354 981
1874
3,404,538
1875
3 107,279
1875
1,868,206
1876
4 716 360
1876
2,687 932
1877
4 990,370
1877
4,213,646
1878
5 754 059
1878 ....
3,520 983
1879
4,936,562
1879
3,566,401
1880
5 211,536
1880
4,110,985
1881
5 695 358
1881
3,113 251
18 S 2
6488 140
1882
3,298,252
1883
8 831 899
1883
4,643,011
1884
7,849,829
1884
4,095,500
1885
10,760,127
1885
5,523,003
1886 . .
12,511 953
1886
7,293,190
1887
12,170,402
1887
7,216,580
1888
12,387 526
1888
7,772,351
12,524,538
1889
8,138,109
1890
15,133,971
1890
9,470,221
1891
12.228,480
1891
7 58 I r 8
Exports of wlieat and flour. The exports of wheat and flour in wheat
from all American ports monthly for four years were as follows:
MONTHS.
1891.
1890.
1889.
1888.
January
9,155,588
7,997,354
6,257,194
7,520,860
February
7,791,615
9,376,775
4,586,130
9,321,850
March
10,596,207
10,077,654
5,851,453
8,564,735
April
10,872,949
9,913,515
5,810,731
7 257216
May
10,240,120
8 864 636
6 830 122
6014 621
10,422,769
6,85 7 ,143
6 355,299
6 242 559
J u ly .
13,694,899
7 892 532
7 015 986
7 019 509
25,279,027
9 427 588
11 619,689
11 032046
September
24,655,698
5,418,185
8,192,149
10 029 359
19,610,040
7,571 682
9,363,535
7 759000
November *
20,101,989
7,077,941
8,408,064
5 344 036
December
21,000,000
9,613,685
11,627,50J
7,063450
CHICAGO AS IT IS.
33
Corn Receipts and Shipments: The following were the receipts and ship-
ments of corn at Chicago during the past twenty-two years:
YEAR.
RECEIVED
BUSHELS.
YEAR. -
SHIPPED
BUSHELS.
1870
20,189,775
1870...
17,777 377
1871
41 853 138
1871 .-...
36 716 030
187 -)
47 366,087
1872
47 013 552
1873
38 157 232
1873
36 754 943
1874
35,799,638
1874
32,705 224
1875
28 341,150
1875
26 443 884
1876
48,668,640
1876
45 629 035
1877
47 915 728
1877
46 361 901
1878
63651,518
1878
59 914 200
1879
64,339,311
1879
61 299 376
1880
97,272,844
1880
93 572 934
1881
78,393,395
1881
75,463 213
1882
49,061,775
1882
49 073 609
1883 . .
74,412,319
1883
71,656' 508
1884
59,580,445
1884
53,274 050
1885
62,930,897
1885
58 805 567
1886
62,535,126
1886
56 363'781
1887
51,538,217
1887
50 443 992
1888
74,208 908
1888...
69 522 665
1889
79.920,691
1889
83 860 818
1890.
81,117,251
1890
90 556 139
1891
72,770,304
1891
66 578 300
Flour Receipts and /Shipments: The following table exhibits the receipts
and shipments of flour at Chicago during the past twenty -two years :
YEAR.
RECEIPTS.
BBLS.
YEAR.
SHIPMENTS.
BBLS.
1870 ..
1,766,037
1,412,177
1,532,014
1,487,376
2,666,689
2,625,833
2,955,197
2,691,142
3,030,562
3,369,958
3,215,389
4,815,219
4,179,912
4,295,515
4,960,830
5,385.772
4,183,147
6,572,327
6,034,006
4,410,635
4,358,058
4,516,617
1870...
1,705,977
1,287,574
1,361,228
2,303,490
2,306,576
2,285,113
2,6 4,838
2,482,305
2,779,640
3,C 90,540
2,862,737
4,499,743
3,843,067
3,999,441
4,808,884
5,240,199
3.607,232
6,362,580
5,493,212
3.916.454
4,134,f86
4,048,129
1871
1871
1872
1872
1*73
1873
1874 *.
1874
1875
1875
1876
1876
1877
1877
1878
1878
1879
1879
1880 ,
1881
1880
1881 . . .
1882
1882
1883
1883..
1884
1884
1885
1885
1886
1886..
1887
1887
1888
1888
1889
1889
1890
1890
1891
1891 ....
Grain Exports. The shipments of grain in transit and export to Canadian
ports during the year 1891 were 3,824,084 bushels of corn; 1,012,547 bushels
of oats; 1,128,918 bushels of wheat; 1,526,015 bushels of rye; total 7,491,600
bushels.
34
GUIDE TO CHICAGO.
Grain Inspection. The following shows the number of cars, boat-loads,
and bushels of grain inspected on arrival in the city for the twelve months
ending Oct. 31, 1891, and for the previous inspection year, also the out-inspec-
tion for the same periods:
INSPECTED IN
INSPECTED OUT
1891.
1890.
1891.
1890.
Cars, number
277,216
422
27,607,282
15,114,838
66,294,406
73,- ; 99 216
8,119,510
11,042,163
273,956
640
9,122,016
9,33:,784
94,991,620
74,605,342
3,065,129
13,378,080
Winter wheat, bushels..
Spring 1 wheat, bushels. .
Corn bushels
23,127,995
8,048,566
41,218,563
14,161,975
5,573,6(17
2,079,177
4,108,468
4,090,471
57.285,534
16,839,843
1,666,253
1,753,839
Oats, bushels
Rye, bushels
Barley, bushels
Grain Storage Capacity. The following table shows the regular grain
warehouses of the city of Chicago at the present time.
NAME OF ELEVATOR.
PROPRIETORS.
RECEIVE FROM
CAPACITY
BUSHELS.
Central A 1
Central Elevator Co ...
Dole & Co
Chas.Counselman & Co.
Congdon & Co
City of Chicago Grain
Elevators, limited ...
National Elevator &
Dock Co
I.C.R.R
C.B.&Q
C. R. I. & P
1,000,000
1,500,000
1,250,000
800,000
1.500,000
1.800,000
1,200,000
1,250,000
1,000,000
700,000
700,000
400,000
900,000
1,000,1100
800,000
1,500,000
1,000,COO
1,000,000
1,500,000
1,500,000
1,000,000
175,000
1,100,000
500,000
1,500,000
2,000,000
700,000
Central B (
C B & Q. A "I
do B
do C \
do D 1
Rock Island A j-
Rock Island B
C.R. I.&P
C. &N. W
Galena "1
Air Line 1
Fulton.. 1
C. M. &St. P
St. Paul \
City
Union 1
W. St. P. &P...
C. &N. W
Chicago & St Li t
R. R. & Canal
Wabash 1
Chicago Elevator Co.. . .
Chicago & Pacific Ele-
C. M. &St. P
Pacific B >
111. River Elevator Co. .
G. A. Seaverns
Canal
R. R. & Canal
Alton
Alton B
Santa Fe [
G. A. Seaverns
Santa Fe Elevator Co. . .
Armour Elevator Co. . .
Illinois T. &S. Bank...
A. T. & S. Fe R. R
C. M. &St. P. R. R
R. R. & Canal
Armour Elevator
Neeley's Elevator
Total
28,675,000
CHICAGO AS IT IS.
35
&rain and Produce Receipts and Shipments. Following were the
receipts and shipments of grain and produce for 1891, compared with 1890:
RECEIVED.
SHIPPED.
1891. -
1890.
1891.
1890.
4,516,617
42,931,'458
72,770,304
74,402,413
9,164,198
12,228,480
68,166,240
11,120,138
20,685,354
206,898,960
41,744
105,061,775
2,400
13,970
74,021,945
63,922,939
127,765,048
110,891,894
35,049,664
5,201,633
1,345,573
192,3f8
4,358,058
14,248,770
91,387,754
75,1. -.0,239
3520,608
19,401,489
72,086,100
6,642,905
14,524,233
300,198,241
36,324
109,704,834
2,702
77.985
147,475,267
67,338,590
140,548,850
103,743,421
22,28 1,S 70
4,737,384
1,412,550
170,563
4,048,129
38.990,169
66,578,300
68,772,714
7,572,991
7,858,108
55,148,971
9,990,798
15,750,529
751,684,t-62
1,253,480
877,295,885
138,074
278,553
362,109,099
50,204,235
140,737,620
198,571,824
57,189,777
8 : 0,S63
835,069
28,935
4,134,586
11,975,275
90,574,378
70,768,222
3,280,438
9,470,971
59,213,036
6,594,581
15,395,873
823,801,460
1,767.650
964,134,897
145,897
392,786
471,910,128
53,b29,885
156,6 8,837
199,083,622
39,006,263
724,109
957,310
19,378
Wheat, bushels
Corn, bushels
Oats bushels
Rye, bushels
Grass seed, pounds
Flaxseed, bushels
Broom-corn, pounds
Cured meats, pounds
Dressed beef, pounds
Beef packages
Pork, barrels
Cheese, pounds
Wool, pounds
Coal, tons
Salt, barrels
Hay, tons
Hogs and Cattle Slaughtered in 1890. In Chicago, during 1890, 2,219,312
cattle and 5,733,082 hogs were slaughtered, against, respectively, 1,763,310
and 4,211,766 in the previous year.
Received in 189J.Ther ceipts of hogs in 1891 were over 8,600,000, nearly
a million more than were received in 1890, the previous banner year.
Live Stock Transactions. The following is an exhibit of the business
transacted at the Union Stock Yards, in this city, during the year 1891, as
compared with the transactions of the year 1890:
RECEIPTS FOR 1891.
CATTLE.
CALVES.
HOGS.
SHEEP.
HORSES.
January
274,379
7,490
1,068,260
205,132
818
February
223,4*3
6,012
933,873
175.217
12,198
March
24,886
8,336
g61,902
26.-i,350
11,867
April
201,168
10,403
523,f28
208,i>24
10,153
May.
220,683
13,440
569,115
185,881
9,871
June
235,618
26,782
571,421
167,581
6,926
July ...
288,983
28,292
468,497
169,793
5,213
August
260,765
2i,ai7
394,499
160,399
5,605
September
3a8,223
31,398
456,584
187,545
7,183
October
3T2,:8
26,127
654,999
191,473
8,091
November
290,256
16,971
1,(8,396
140,509
6.209
December
281,237
7.776
1,068,702
155,723
4,063
Total
3,250,3; 9
285,383
8,600,865
2,153,537
94,396
To bring the stock to the yards, 304,706 cars were needed. The abovt
receipts show that Chicago, notwithstanding the establishment of great stock
yards in cities to the west of us, still leads in the live-stock business.
36
GUIDE TO CHICAGO.
RECEIPTS FOR 1890.
CATTLE.
CALVES.
HOGS.
SHEEP.
HORSES.
January
283,356
6,278
807,798
165 973
6261
232,796 >
5,028
563836
153 453
9 398
246,592
6,288
634 086
171 495
12 9'*7
April
259,747
11,131
467 599
191 260
11 459
May
299,090
9,767
537 977
172 82 1
11 037
June
284,037
19,909
601,076
181 406
9020
July ..,
328,2rfO
26,425
612,355
143,958
7,574
August
294,433
21,939
674,207
185 174
8081
September
332,706
24,952
618,337
218,7t,4
8061
October
382,098
21,555
146,344
219 107
7 064
November
263,511
13,125
878,992
163 361
6 019
December
277,684
8,631
821,221
195,844
4625
Total
3,484,280
175,025
7,663,828
2,182,667
101,566
SHIPMENTS FOR 1891.
CATTLE.
CALVES.
HOGS.
SHEEP.
HORSES.
January
93,046
3,944
232,048
88,420
7,379
February
87,980
2,359
328,463
65,866
12,007
March ....
96,258
958
380,893
60,312
10,760
April
70,031
529
292,548
91,135
9,636
May
76,756
394
278,269
67,567
8,747
June
67,943
5,808
254,364
53,239
6,534
July
83,454
5,699
223,712
44,909
4,700
August
88,162
4,826
176,368
43,798
4,865
September
114,480
" 3729
200,097
47.653
6,494
October
109,958
7,735
217,662
25,684
7,434
November
85,760
5,398
179,821
25,774
4,784
December
92,936
2,969
189,869
34,512
3,933
Totals
1,066,264
48,331
2,902,514
688,205
82,773
SHIPMENTS FOR 1890.
CATTLE.
CALVES.
HOGS.
SHEEP.
HORSES.
January .
124315
2 ()62
141 746
68 922
5 635
February
112675
1 469
227 987
68 747
8 872
March
119213
702
211 022
75 474
12335
April
131,249
1 053
143 131
64 639
10,425
May. .
139 888
653
121 903
59 554
10611
June
86,976
5 476
128 841
85 401
8,350
July
107 016
7 457
158 612
40 620
6fc03
August. ... .
100284
10 539
157 6 i:> 3
99 962
7431
September
106,234
11 682
191 797
107,572
7,356
October
108,195
11,018
214 170
96,675
6,402
November
74446
5 531
157 826
63 8H1
5,803
December
85,818
3819
132 022
78,416
4,339
Totals
1,260,309
61 466
1 985 700
929854
94,362
2
O 3
3 H
"
n n D.
3 < {
3 O -
S X O
- p) S.
^ po a
1/3 n
H <
70
CHICAGO AS IT IS.
Produce Receipts and Shipments for Two Tears. The following table
exhibits the receipts and shipments of flour, grain, live stock and produce at
Chicago for the past two years:
RECEIVED .
SHIPPED.
ARTICLES.
1891.
1890.
1891.
1890.
Flour barrels
4,516,617
43,931,^58
72,770,304
74,402,413
9,164,198
12,^28,480
68,166,240
11,120,138
20,685,354
206,898,960
41,744
105,061,775
2,460
13,970
74,021,945
63,932,939
127,765,048
9,901
8,683,195
3,271,585
2,164,464
110,891,894
35,049,664
5,201,633
2,045,418
303,895
1,345,573
192,3(18
4,358,058
14,248,770
91,387,754
75,150,249
3.520,508
19,401,489
72,086,100
6,612,905
14,524,233
200,198,241
36,324
109,704,884
2,702
77,985
147,475,267
67,338,590
110,548,850
14,207
7,6j3,828
3,414,280
2,182,667
103,743,421
22,281,570
4,737,384
1,941 392
515,575
1,412,550.
170,562
4,048,129
38.990,169
('6,578,300
68,772,714
7,572,091
7,858,108
5^,148,971
9,990,798
15,750,529
751,684,^62
1,253,480
877,295,885
138,074
278,553
362,109,199
50,204,235
140,737,620
121,96.
2,967,775
,1,'7',200
693,210
198,571,824
57,189,777
83 ,63
865,949
99,855
835,(9
28,935
4,134,586
11,975,276
90,574,379
70,768,222
3,280,433
9,470,971
59,213,036
6,594,581
15,395,873
823,801,460
1,767,654
964,134,807
145,890
392,786
471,910,128
53,F29,,85
156,6' 8,837
148,859
1,985,700
1,' 60,309
1,252,873
199,083,6 2
39,006,263
724,019
S12.655
108,822
957,310
19,373
Corn, bushels
Oats bushels
Rye, bushels
Barley, bushels
Grass seed, 'pounds ....
Flaxseed, bushels
Broom-corn, pounds
Cured meats, pounds
Dressed beef, pounds
Beef, packages
Pork, barrels
Lard pounds
Cheese, pounds
Butter pounds ....
Drerssed hogs, No
Live hogs, No
Cattle, No
Sheep, No
Hides, pounds
Wool, pounds
Coal, tons
Lumbe r, M
Shingles, M
Salt, barrels
Hay, tons
Railroad Live Stock Transactions. Chicago, during the quarantine year
beginning February 15 and ending November 30, 1891, received 576,993
cattleand 78.383 calves in Texas division, against 540,962 cattle and 65,81 1 calves
in 1890. Receipts the past year were brought in by nine railroads, as follows :
Chicago & Alton, 189,275 cattle, 37,522 calves; Wabash, 129,907 cattle,
18,135 calves; Chicago, Burlington & Quincy, 105,382 cattle, 11,739 calves;
Santa Fe, 64,08 cattle, 5,814 calves ; Illinois Central, 31,376 cattle, 3,998
calves ; Chicago, Rock Island & Pacific, 28,754 cattle, 141 calves ; Chicago.
Milwaukee* St. Paul, 20,220 cattle, 1,034 calves; Chicago, St. Paul &
Kansas City, 7,643 cattle ; C. & E. I., 350 cattle. Cattle averaged 24.6 and
calves 85 to the car. About 111,000 head of Texas cattle were received out-
side of the quarantine district during 1891.
Combined receipts of Texas and Western range cattle for 1891 were
1,959,530, being about a third of the entire receipts. The number of rangers
was 173,000 larger than in 1890, while the arrivals of native cattle were 418,-
000 smaller than in 1890.
From July 6 to November 20, 1891, the Home Land and Cattle Company
marketed 14,000 Montana-Texas cattle in Chicago that averaged about 1,190
pounds. The first shipment sold at $4.75 and the second lot at $5.25 ; July
27 some sold at $4.40 ; July 29, at $4.30 ; August 5, at $3 60 ; Aug. 10, at
$3.75 ; Aug. 17, at $3.50 ; Sept. 4, at $4.35 ; September 11, at $4.25 ; Sept.
38
GUIDE TO CHICAGO.
18, at $3.40 ; Sept. 21, at $3.95, Sept. 28, at $3.10; October 26, at $3.50;
Nov. 2, at $3 ; Nov. 7, at $2.90 ; Nov. 11, at $3.30 ; and the last shipment,
Nov. 20, at $3.20, which gives a general idea of the course of values for
Western rangers during the past season.
Only one lot of Texas cattle sold last April above $5.25. The $5.75
bunch was for some grade-Hereford Texas, averaging 1,060 Ibs
During 1891 Kansas City received 1,272,600 cattle, 76,710 calves, 2, 599,-
200 hogs, 387,000 sheep, and 32,000 horses, showing a decrease of 203,000
cattle, 200 calves, 276,000 hogs, 151,000 sheep, and 5,300 horses, compared
with arrivals for 1890.
South Omaha received 601.600 cattle, 1,538,000 hogs, 175,200 sheep, and
8,960 horses during 1891 ; showing a decrease of 17,200 cattle and 182,000
hogs, and an increase of 19,400 sheep and 3,900 horses, compared with
arrivals for 1890.
Provision Storage Warehouses. The list of regular provision warehouse
is as follows:
TheAllerton Packing Co. ; The Anglo-American Packing Co. ; Armour
& Co.; John Cudahy; Chicago Dock Co.; Cyrus Dupee; H. M. Dupee; Henry
D. Gilbert & Co. ; International Packing Co. ; Jones & Stiles; Hately Brothers;
Thomas J. Lipton; John Morrell & Co., Ltd.;Moran& Healy;MichenerBros.
&Co. ; Swift & Co. ; The Stock Yards Warehouse Co. ; Underwood & Co. ; J. H.
Winterbotham & Co.; The W. H. Silberhorn Co.; The T. E. Wells Co.; The
North American Provision Co.; The Chicago Packing and Provision Co.
Rye Receipts and Shipments. The following were the receipts and ship-
ments of rye in this market for the past twenty -two years.
YEAR
Received,
Bushels.
YEAR.
Received,
Bushels.
YEAR.
Shipped,
Bushels.
YEAR.
Shipped,
Bushels.
1870..
1,093,403
1881.
1,363,552
1870..
913,627
1881.
1,104,452
1871
2,011,788
1882.
1,934,516
1871..
1,325,685
1882.
1,773,148
1872
. 1,129,086
1883.
5,484,259
1872
776,805
1883.
3,838,557
1873.
1,189,464
1884.
6,327,516
1873..
960,613
1884.
4,365,745
1874.
781,181
1885.
1,892,760
1874..
335,077
1885.
1,216,961
1875.
699,583
1886
936,547
1875 . .
310,592
1886.
817,553
1876.
1,447.917
1887.
847,009
1876 . .
1,433,9T6
1887.
690,830
1877.
1,728,865
1888.
2,767,571
1877 .
1,553,374
1888.
1,744,380
1878.
2,490,615
1889.
2,605,984
1878.
2,025,654
1889.
2,801,366
1879.
4,497,340
1890.
3,520.508
1879..
2,234,363
1890.
3,274,382
1880. .
1,869,218
1891.
9,164,198
1880..
1,365,162
1891.
7,572,991
CHICAGO AS IT IS.
39
Speculative Business of the Board. The increase in speculative business
on the board is indicated by the annual reports for the last two years of the
Chicago Board of Trade clearing-house. The monthly and total clearings
and balances for 1891 were as follows :
DATE.
CLEARINGS.
BALANCES.
$ 5,388,70750
$ 1,827,504 54
4,869,450 00
1,761,682 52
11,001,201 50
3,246,496 08
11,955,19625
3,751,432 41
May
1 ',480,938 50
3,763,091 79
9,929,196 25
2,938,934 28
[nlV
8,978,752 59
2,592,51561
13,23x J ,350 (
4,240,611 20
8,202,817 17
2,444,963 09
6,064,626 26
1,911,967 87
5,131,76875
1,810,142 53
December i
5,848,425 00
2,141,486 65
Totals .
$104,083,52967
$32,480,827 57
Total balances for 1890 were reported at $28.190,093.56, against $18,763,-
093.56 in 1889, and $30,153,835.15 for 1888. The clearings in 1890 were
more than $31,000,000 greater than in 1889. The clearings of 1891 exceeded
those of 1890 by over $18,000,000.
CLIMATE OF CHICAGO.
The climate of Chicago is healthful and beautiful, though the
weather sometimes goes to extremes in summer and winter. The air is
cool and bracing through most of the summer, and hot nights are very
rare. Many thoughtful persons attribute the wonderful growth of the city to
the stimulating atmosphere which arouses all the latent energy in the human
system, and makes possible the hard mental and physical labor of the people.
The mean barometric pressure during a period of ten years was discovered
by the United States signal office to have been 29,303 inches ; the mean an-
nual temperature 40. 06, the mean annual precipitation 36.64 inches and the
mean annual humidity of the air 70.9, 100 representing complete saturation.
The maximum annual precipitation averaged about 46 inches during this
period. The highest mean temperature was 51.40, the lowest 45.42. Al-
though the mercury reaches the nineties in the summer at times, and falls
below zero in winter, this is rarely the case. In winter the cold is tempered
by the lake, and extremely severe weather seldom continues longer than a
week at a time.
Mean Temperature. The meau temperature of Chicago for 1891, as ob-
served by the United States Signal office, was as follows : January, 30.2 ;
February, 28.6 ; March, 30.6 ; April, 47.0 ; May, 53.4 ; June, 65.7 ; July,
67.0 ; August, 69.0 ; September, 69.0 ; October, 52.6 ; November, 33.8 ;
December, 35.4.
40
GUIDE TO CHICAGO.
Excessive Precipitation at Chicago. Statement showing dates of excessive
precipitation at Chicago, from October, 1871, to December, 1891, inclusive,
with the duration and rate of fall :
DATES.
Fall equaling or ex-
ceeding the rate of
1 inch per hour.
Fall of 2.50 inches or
more in twenty-
four hours.
AMOUNT.
DURATION.
AMOUNT.
DURATION
December
September
May
August
September
January
June
October
July
May
July
November
November
March
June
August
August
May
July
July
August
July
July
July
July
September
August
22-23,
28-29,
1-2,
15,
9-10,
18,
8,
19-20,
25-36,
25,
6-7,
11-12,
5-6,
25-26,
1-2,
2-3,
23-24,
28,
3,
31,
2,
3,
12
18-19',
27,
4,
14,
1871
H. M.
2.50
2.70
2.82
H. M.
23 30
18 45
24 00
1872
1873
1875
1.00
1 00
1875
3.50
23 50
1876
1.00
0.84
1 00
30
1876
1877
2.55
4M4
2.77
3.32
3.38
3.39
3.26
3.34
5.90
2 95
24 00
13 40
23 00
23 30
24 00
24 00
21 f)5
8 (13
24 00
24 00
1878
1879
1879
1881
1883
1884
1885
1885
1885
1888 .
0.75
75
1.00
67
0.28
0.25
1.55
4.02
0.25
1.00
19
23
1 00
33
10
10
35
3 34
10
34
1888
1888
1888
1889
1889
1889
1889
4.02
3 34
1889
189H
COMMERCE OF CHICAGO.
The Commerce of Chicago has grown in volume from a total of $20,000,-
000 in 1850 to a total of $1,459,000,000 in 1891. The increase in the trade of
the city from year to year during the period named is shown by the following
table. The figures in the twentieth line are for the twelve months from
October 11, 1871, to October 11, 1872, the series having been interrupted by
the great tire
YEAR.
IN CURRENCY.
IN GOLD.
YEAR.
IN CURRKNCY.
IN GOLD.
1891
tl,4"9 000,000
$ 1 459 flOO 000
1890
$ 1,380,000.000
gi'sso'ooo'orio
1878
655 000 000
650 000 000
1889
1,177,000,000
1 177 000 OCO
1877 ,'.'.
621\500'000
695 000 000
1888
1,125,000,000
1 125 000 000
1876
652 OOO'OOO
587 000 000
1887
1,103,000,000
1 103 000 OCO
1875
657 000 000
666 000 000
1886
997,000,000
997 000 000
18 H
639000 000
575 000 000
1885
959,000 000
959 OOo'oOO
1873
59(5 000 !
514 000 f(X)
1884
933 000 000
933 000 000
1871 '72
490 000 000
437 000 000
1883
],050,000,'000
i oso'ooo'ooo
1870
439'oOf'oOO
377 000 000
]882
1,045,000,000
1 045 000 000
1869
450 DOO 000
333 ! )0 000
1881
1,015,000,000
1 015 000 000
3868
434 000 000
310 000 000
1880
900,000,000
900 000 000
I860
97 000 000
97 000 000
1879
764,000 000
764 OOt/000
1850
20 000 OCO
20 000 000
CHICAGO AS IT IS.
41
These figures were prepared by the commercial and financial writers of
The Chicago Tribune, men who have been careful students of the commerce
of Chicago for years, and maybe depended upon implicitly. [See "Bank-
ing" "Board of Trade Transactions," "Manufactures," "Maritime Inter-
ests," etc., in their proper alphabetical order.]
Internal Revenue Receipts. The following shows the total receipts of the
United States Internal Revenue office in this city for each month of 1890 and
1891:
MONTHS.
1890.
189'..
STAMPS SOLD.
January. . . .
February . . .
$ 809,242.21
859,832.51
915,152.48
ft 1,056,140.22
1,021,733.48
1,10 ,497.97
Beer stamps sold
.$2,232,351 31
1,05,998 62
1 160,952.09
Spirit stamps sold
7.709 233 9
1,232,204.52
1 074,941.95
Cigar stamps sold
529,468 11
June
1,047,960 71
1,017,869.22
Snuff stamps sold
12,386.07
July
1.158,308.27
1,161,310.18
974,024.06
953,144.18
Tobacco stamps sold
Cigarette stamps sold
. 413,223.39
1,548 9i
September...
October
1,182, 95.28
l,363,fi'28,64
99t*,898.06
879,726.41
Oleomargarine stamps sold .
Special stamps sold
666,2 3.74
422 480 10
November . . .
December
1,253,194.65
1,311,670.26
878,547 19
1,006,734.54
Totals
$ 13,518,891,33
$12,727,359.99
Lumber Trade of Chicago". The lumber trade in Chicago during 1891
assumed proportions not equaled in any former year. The amount of white
pine lumber consumed during 1891 exceeded by two hundred million feet that
of any previous year. It is estimated that there was consumed in 1891, 100.-
000,000 feet more than in 1890, which is largely due to the consumption of
lumber at the World's Fair, at which a close estimate places the number of
feet to be 50,000,000. The exact receipts of white lumber up to December 19,
1891, were 2,025.817,000 feet ; shingles 295,804.000. The receipts of 1890
were 1,985,135,000 feet of lumber; showing a difference of 180,682,000 in
favor of 1891, while the shingles received in 1890, were 308,875,000 greater
than in 1891, or in round numbers 504,680,000. While the receipts in 1891
were not as large as those in 1888, yet more lumber was handled and sold.
Output of Chicago Breweries. The output of the Chicago breweries for
1891 was 3,000,000 barrels. It was the most prosperous year in the history of
the brewing business of this city.
COUNTY ORGANIZATION.
The government of Cook county, Illinois, is vested in a Board of
County Commissioners, consisting of fourteen members, elected for four
years, half of whom retire biennially. The salaries of these commissioners
amounted to $33,551 for 1892. The presiding officer is elected from their num-
42 GUIDE TO CHICAGO.
ber. The Board has the direction and control of all county officers, collects
through the County Treasurer the revenues of the county, and appropriates
money for the maintenances of the courts, jail, insane asylum, poor-house,
county hospital, court-house building, sheriff's office, county clerk's office,
coroner's office, etc., and has general supervision of county highways, bridges,
etc. The County Board is entirely independent of the City Council, although
the jurisdiction of the latter extends over a large portion of the county,
included within the corporate limits :
Cook County Court House. Occupies the entire east half of block,
bounded by Washington, Dearborn, La Salle and Clark sts., in the center of
the business district of the South side, the west half being occupied by the
City Hall. This magnificent pile was erected in 1876-77 at a cost of about
$3,000,000, and is one of the handsomest public buildings in the county. It is
at present four stories in height, and two additional stories are to be added
during the present year at a cost of $275,000. [See "Guide."] In this
building are located the County, Probate and various Circuit and Superior
courts, the Law Library, and all the County offices, except that of the State's
(or prosecuting) attorney which is located in the Criminal Court building,
North side.
Coroners' Inquests. The report of the Coroner of Cook County for the year
1891 contains the following facts: He was called upon to inquire into the deaths
of 1,938 persons. Of that number 399 death certificates were issued showing
that no inquest was necessary. Of the remainder of the deaths, 323 were
caused by the railroads of the county. Ninety-seven of that number were
citizens killed at the dangerous grade crossings; fifty -nine were employes of
the roads and were killed in the performance of duty; twenty-seven were
passengers who met death in wrecks; fifteen fell from moving trains; 122 weie
killed while walking on the tracks; twenty-three in attempting to jump from
a moving train, and one in a manner unknown. Twelve hundred and fifteen
of the cases were males and 284 females; 1,469 were white and only thirty
colored. Most of the victims, 438 were laborers; the next classes represented
being housewives and mechanics, of whom there were 111 each. The causes
of death and the number of victims are as follows: Natural causes, 63;
heart disease, 58; suicide^ 270; drowned, 145; fell from buildings, 59; con-
sumption, 3; exposure, 3, fell from wagon, 40; fell from scaffold, 47; apo-
plexy, 5; poibon accidental, 18; railroad accidents, 323; abortion, 6; infanti-
cide, 8; hemorrhage of lungs,!; fell from stairs, 23; elevator accidents, 24;
street car accidents, 14 grip accidents, 28; convulsions, 8; burns and scalds,
70; old age and debility, 2; asphyxiation, 48; machinery accidents, 51; homi-
cide, 60; shot accidentally, 15; run over by wagon, 37; intemperance, 17;
pneumonia, 6; falling timber, 1; boiler explosion, 10; suffocation, 15; shot
(self defense), 5; sunstroke, 3; fell from horse, 1; kicked by horse, 4; struck
by lightning, 1; burned in private building, 11; manhole explosion, 1; total,
1,499. Of the 270 suicides 198 were married and 72 single; 85 were Ameri-
cans, the Germans coming next with 84. More suicides were committed in
August than in any other month, there being 29, while November had the
smallest number, 17. The favorite mode of taking lif was by poison, and
the favorite poison was morphine, 29 of the 94 poisoning cases being by the
"morphine route." Of the 270 suicides, 41 were adjudged insane, 85 were
CHICAGO AS IT IS. 43
actuated by despondency and 23, so said the jurors, were caused by domestic
infelicity. Two hundred of the cases of suicide were male. Thirteen were
persons between ten and twenty years old, 69 between twenty and thirty
years, 65 between thirty and forty years, 62 between forty and fifty years, 25
between sixty and seventy years, and 8 between seventy and eighty years.
There was one over eighty. Seventy-one persons were held to the grand jury
at inquests.
County Insane Asylum. Located at Dunning, a suburb of Chicago.
Take train at Union depot, Canal and Adams streets. This institution is a
large and costly structure, surrounded by spacious grounds, far enough
removed from the city to make the location a quiet and healthful one.
Numerous additions in the way of cottage- wards have been made to relieve
the over-crowded condition of the main building. The current expenses of
1891 were: salaries, $44,111.68; supplies, repairs, etc., $112,006.87. During
1891, 516 were admitted, 238 discharged; 364 were transferred to State
Hospitals for the insane ; 127 died. The daily average under treatment in
1891 was 983. In his annual report for 1890 the Superintendent of the Insti-
tution made the following remarkable and cheerful statement regarding the
insane and the prospects of their recovery. "I would here call attention to a
fact, and that is where those that are insane are placed under proper treat-
ment in well-arranged hospitals within the first three months of the inception
of the disease the chances for recovery are ?bout as good as from any serious
bodily ailment. The average of cures when this class of disease i.3 thus treated
will range as high as 60, 65 and even 70 in 100."
County Jail. Situated in the rear of the Criminal Court building,
Michigan st., between Clark st. and Dearborn ave., North Side. Entrance
from Michigan street. Visitors admitted by permission of the sheriff. The
jail, like the Criminal Court building, has long since ceased to rreet the
demands made upon it by the extraordinary growth of the city, and the con-
sequent and natural increase in the number of criminals. It is an old-
fashioned prison, built after the manner of the jails constructed in the'early
years of the present century. It lacks every modern improvement, and will,
doubtless, soon be replaced by a much larger and a better structure. The
jail is connected with the criminal court building by a " bridge of sighs,"
over which the culprits pass for trial and after conviction. Aside from this
entrance, which is never used except by deputy sheriffs and jailers in dis-
charge of their duties, there is but one entrance, and that is up a narrow
flight of steps leading from the open court between the two buildings. At
the head of these steps is a double iron gate, where stands the outer turnkey.
If he admits you, you find yourself in the jail office. On one side, as you
face the prison entrance, is the head-jailer's- room ; on the other, the office
of the jail clerk. Before going farther, you must have a permit. If you
secure it, you are admitted into the "Cage," an iron-bound arrangement
covered with several thicknesses of wire netting, through the meshes of
which you can hardly poke your finger. If you wish to see a prisoner, he is
called, and you must talk to him through this netting. Here it was that the
" Tiger Anarchist " Lingg received from his sweetheart the dynamite cart-
ridge which he exploded in his mouth, killing himself, the day before that
set for his execution. As you look straight in front of you, with your back
to the j tiler's door, you will see the cell in which the suicide occurred. It is
44
GUIDE TO CHICAGO.
on the ground floor. Along the same line of cells the Anarchists were con-
fined. Just above, on the next balcony, is ' ' Murderers' Row," from which a
number of unfortunates have gone forth during the past twenty years to find
the gallows waiting for them on the other side of the cell building. The
cell balconies, just as you see them before you, four in number, run all
around this interior building. At the northeast corner of the cell building,
the gallows is always erected, and here the Anarchists were hanged. [See
" Haymarket Massacre."] There is nothing of interest to be seen inside the
jail, unless you have a morbid desire to witness the pale, hopeless faces of
the prisoners. There are four departments: Men's, Women's Boys' and
Debtors'.
County Poor House. Located at Dunning, a suburb of Chicago. Take
train at Union depot, Canal and Adams streets. This institution is not
remarkable in any sense, save as the home of the most wretched class of
paupers of the county. It was conducted at an expense of $23,397 for
salaries, and $86,419.79 for supplies, repairs, etc., last year. The second
item also includes expenses of the County Poor Farm.
Cost of County Officers. The following were the estimated and actual
receipts of county officers, over and above their own salaries, for 1890:
COUNTY OFFICERS.
Estimated
Receipts
for 5fear.
Actual
Receipts
6 ms. June 1.
County Treasurer
$210,000 00
$ 5,641 15
175,000 00
92,025 92
County Clerk and Clerk County Court
122,000 00
58,432 47
40,000 00
27,000 55
Clerk Circuit Court
55,000 00
32,9aO 70
Clerk Superior Court
40,000 00
20,689 75
Sheriff
25,000 00
14,09" 72
Clerk Criminal Court
1,029 80
Total
$667,000 00
$251,850 00
Detention Hospital for the Insane. New building corner of Wood and
Polk streets, West Side. Take Ogden avenue cable line. The accommoda-
tions for those awaiting action of the court on their sanity are much improved
here.
Expenses of Cook County. Following are the estimated receipts and ex-
penses of Cook county (in which Chicago is situated) for the year 1892. They
are upon a basisof avaluationof taxable property to the amount of $282,676,-
167, of which $223,859,166 is forreal estate, $48,795,740 for personal properly
md $15,021,261 for railroad property, The total amount admits of reccip s
from the tax levy at 75 cents on $100 of $2,121,075.25, of which the amount
ti;
CHICAGO AS IT IS.
45
o $1,902,071. 25 is available for county purposes,
among the various county institutions as follows :
This Is to be distributed
Institutions, Etc.
Salaries.
Supplies,
Etc.
Hospital
$ 62 756
$130.000
Institutions at Dunning 1
15 580
240,000
Insane Asylum -
55,257
Poor House
23 397
Sheriff's Office
219 340
60,000
Clerk of Criminal Court
29,750
2,000
County Agent .
25 000
90,0
Coroner
19 000
1,000
County Board
33 251
Comptroller
12,720
8,000
Public Service ...
11 230
4,000
State's Attorney .... . .
22,400
5,000
County Attorney
6,160
10,0
Superintendent of Schools
4,100
1.5
Normal School
25,000
li.OOO
County Physician and Detention Hospital
7,580
7,000
County Clerk .
14 500
Treasurer
6,000
Recorder .
12,00)
Clerk Circuit Court
7.500
Clerk Superior Court
7,500
Clerk Probate Court .. . ........
4.500
Election Expenses
50,000
Total...
8624.521
$6 19.500
The total amount of the tax levy is to be appropriated as follows :
Salaries and election expenses $ 624,521.00 I Contingent fund $ 67,475.25
Supplies, repairs, etc 6:9,500,00 | Building purposes 400,000 00
Interest and principal on debt. . . 219,000.00
Miscellaneous purposes 190,575.00 Total $2,121,071.25
The estimated receipts from county officers, over and above the salaries
to be paid out of these receipts, are about as follows :
County treasurer $265,000 ' Clerk Circuit Court 90,000
Recorder 225,000 | Clerk Superior Court 70,000
County Clerk 175,"00
Clerk Probate Court 80,UOO
Clerk Crim;nal Court 2,000
It is proposed to pay out of these resources, which are outside the tax
levy, the following salaries and expenses :
Sheriff 25,000
Total... $932,000
Jurors and witness fees, etc . . $150,000
Judges County and Probate courts 17,000
Judges Circuit and Superior courts 63,000
County treasurer 183,972
Recorder 173,830
County clerk 147,522
Clerk Circuit Court 46,956
Clerk Superior Court 37,000
Clerk Probate Court 48320
Total $867,600
The synopsis of these figures show that if the expenses are kept within
the estimates there ought to be a surplus of $64,400 to the credit of the county
at the end of the present year.
Expenses of Cook County in Detail. The County Hospital will cost only
$192,756 for 1892. The pay-roll contains 141 employes, besides training
school nurses in twelve wards. The salary list is estimated at $62,756, and
the amount required for supplies and repairs" is put at $130,000. The sala-
ries range from $160 to $15 per month.
46 GUIDE TO CHICAGO.
v
It will cost $255,580 to run the office of general superintendent of the
county institutions at Dunning, of which $240,000 is for supplies and $15,580
for the salary list, including twenty-nine employes. The general superintend-
ent gets $208 a month and the stenographers $25 each.
The regular pay-roll of the Insane Asylum is to include forty-two names
outside of the attendants. The estimate provides for eighty-four regular
attendants at $30 a month each, and seventeen extra attendants, when required,
at the same figure. The total salary list is $55,257.
The poorhouse salary list is not half so large. There are sixty -five employes
provided for at an expense of $23,397. In both the asylum and the poorhouse
there is a graduated scale of wages for nurses and attendants, reaching a
maximum of $25 for poorhouse nurses and of $30 for asylum attendants, after
six months' service.
The sheriff's office next receives attention. There are 177 employes said
to be needed to run thisoffice, at acos of $196,740. The chief deputy receives
$208 a month and the chief clerk and jailer $166 each. Twenty-four deputies,
nineteen at $150 and five county deputies at $125 a month, draw $41,700
this year, while twenty-five bailiffs of the Criminal Court and thirty-eight
bailiffs of the other courts, at $100 a month each, will receive $75,000 by
next New Year's. Additional help allowed by the court for this year brings
the total salary list of the Sheriff's office up to $219,340. The supplies for
the Court-House, Jail and Criminal Court Building will, it is estimated,
cost $60,000.
The office of Clerk of the Criminal Court will cost $2,000 for supplies
and repairs and $29,750 for salaries of twenty-two men.
The salary list of the County Agent's office is placed at $25,000, and the
amount needed for repairs and supplies at $90,000. The Coroner's salary
list is made $19,000, and the supply and repair account $1,000.
The County Board salary list is fixed at $33,251. For the County
Comptroller's office the salary list is $12,720, and supplies for Comptroller and
County Board $8,000. The office of Superintendent of Public Si-rvice will
cost $11,230 in salaries and $4,000 for supplies, repairs and adveitisiog. The
State's- Attorney's office salary list is $22,400, divided am- ng the State's-
Attorney, five assistants and a stenographer. The sum of $5,000 is provided
for supplies.
The salary list of the County Attorney's office is placed at $6,160 and the
supply and repair account at $10,000.
For the County Superintendent of School's office $4,100 is allowed for
salaries and $1,500 for repairs. The Normal School salary list is put at
$25,000 and supplies and repairs, $11,000. For County Physician and Deten-
tion Hospital $7,580 is expected to be needed in salaries and 7,000 in supplies
and repairs.
Judiciary of Cook County. There is one county, one probate and eighteen
judges of the Superior and Circuit Courts. For cost of same see " Expenses
of Cook County."
Taxable Valuation of Cook County Property. The total valuation of all
the taxable property in Cook County is $282,676,167. The total real estate
valuation aggregates $223,859,166 ; personal property, $48,795,740 ; railroad
property, $15,021,261.
CHICAGO AS IT IS. 47
ELEEMOSYNARY SUPPORT.
The city of Chicago supports entire or aids in the maintenance of several
eleemosynary institutions, charities and pension funds, as follows:
Erring Woman's Refuge for Reform. Receives a percentage of certain
fines imposed in police courts, according to act of the general assembly,
approved March 31, 1869.
Firemen's Pension Fund. This fund receives 1 per centum of all reve-
nues collected or received frora Moenses issued during each year, according to
an act of the general assembly , approved May 13, 1887, in force July 1, 1887,
House of the Good Shepherd. This institution also receives a per centum
of certain fines imposed by the police courts, according to act of the general
assembly, approved March 31, 1869.
Illinois Humane Society. This society is entitled to fines collected
through the agency of the organization, for the prevention of cruelty to
animals, according to an act of the general assembly, approved June 28,
1885, in force July 1, 1885.
Police Pension Fund. This fund receives 2 per centum of all moneys
received from licenses for saloons or dramshops, % of dog tax, % of all mon-
eys received for licenses granted pawnshops, % of all moneys received for
licenses granted second-hand dealers, % of all moneys received from mon-
eys for licenses granted junk dealers; all moneys collected for fees for car-
rying concealed weapons; % of all costs collected for violation of city ordi-
nances, according to an act of the general assembly, approved April 29, 1887;
in force July 1, 1887.
Washingtonian Home. This institution receives a per centum of moneys
collected for saloon licenses, not to exceed $20,000 per annum, according to
act of the general assembly, approved Februarv 16, 1867, amended by an act
in force July 1, 1883.
FEDERAL REPRESENTATION.
The civil authority and functions of the Federal government are repre-
sented in Chicago by the United States courts Circuit (Walter Q. Gresham,
judge) and District (H. W. Blodgett, judge), and their officers, including the
U. S. District Attorney, U. S. Marshal and U. S. Commissioners; by the Col-
lector of Customs, the Collector of Internal Revenue, the U. S. Sub-Treasurer
and minor officers.
United States Courts. The United States Courts are two in number, the
Circuit (Judge Walter Q. Gresham), the District (H. W. Blodgett). An Asso-
ciate Justice of the Supreme Court of the United States sits here also on stated
occasions. The courts are located in the post-office (or government) building;
clerk, W. H. Bradley. The United Stales Court of Claims is represented by
U. S. Comnnissioner Hoyne, room 53 post-office building, and Simeon W.
King, M. E. Church block.
V. 8. Officers in Chicago. The United States officers in Chicago, aside
from the postmaster, are the Collector of Customs, Collector of Internal
Revenue, U. S. Sub-treasurer, Special Agent U. S. Treasury, U. S.
Appraiser, U. S. District Attorney, U. S. Engineer, U. S. Inspector of Life-
saving Stations. U. S. Inspector of Steam-vessels, Surgeon of U. S. Marine
48 CHICAGO AS IT IS.
Hospital, U. 8. Marshal, tJ. S. Pension Agent, Superintendent of U. S. Secret
Service, U. S. Signal Officer and U. S. Lighthouse Inspector. The offices of
all of these, excepting the appraiser's (210 Market street) and the U. S. Signal
offices (seventeenth floor of the Auditorium building), arelocated in the post-
office building.
FIRE DEPARTMENT.
The fire department of Chicago is generally acknowledged to be the best
equipped and most efficient in the United States, which means that it is the best
equipped and most efficient in the world, for the firemen of this country are
called upon to be prepared for and to meet emergencies which do not rise in
the cities of Europe. The Chicago corps have been brought up to its present
high standard of discipline and efficiency by the two chief marshals who
have had charge of the department since the great fire of 1871 Benner and
Swenie. The former retired from the service about ten years ago, after re-
organizing the department upon a basis which has served as a foundation for
the growth and character it has since attained. Marshal Swenie was Mr.
Benner's chief assistant, and was largely instrumental in suggesting and
carrying out many of the reforms, ideas and improvements that characterized
the latter's administration. Since the succession of Marshal Swenie the
department has quadrupled its machinery and its forces. In Mr. Benner's
time Chicago was a city covering an area of less than forty square miles,
with a population of about 500,000. Now the city covers an area of 181
square miles and a population of 1,250,000. The following information will
give the visitor an idea of the strength and workings of the fire department:
Alarmsand Losses, 1S91. There were4,570 fire alarmsduriug 1891 against
3733 in 1890, an increase of 837. The total value of property involved was
$115,823,005, while in 1890 it was $95,147,058, being an increase of $20,675,-
947. The total loss in 1891 was $3,157,348, while in 1890 it was $2,047,736, an
increase over 1890 of $1,109,612. The total insurance was $59,526,210 in 1891,
and in 1890 $44,083,330, an increase of $15,442,880 in favor of 1891.
City Telegraph and Electric Lights. The police and fire telegraph and
telephone system and the electric lighting service are in charge of the city
electrician.
Equipment and Force. The fire department of Chicago (1892) consists
of 970 men and officers, 72 steam fire engines, 22 chemical fire engines ,99 hose
carts, 28 hook and ladders trucks, 1 water tower, 3 fire boats (for river and
harbor service, and for work along the river sides on buildings, warehouses,
lumber yards, etc., adjacent), 99 apparatus stations, 421 horses, and an
extensive and well equipped repair shop. As an auxiliary to the department
there are 1,935 stations, provided with necessary instruments and several
thousand miles of wire, by which alarm of fire may be communicated.
Headquarters and Organization. The headquarters of the Chicago Fire
Department are ^located in the City Hall. Following is the organization :
.
g O
O U
J t/S
CHICAGO AS IT IS. 49
Fire Marshal and Chief of Brigade, D. J. Swenie ; First Assistant Fire Mar-
shal and Department Inspector, William H. Musham ; Second Assistant
Fire Marshal, John H. Gale ; Department Secretary, Charles S. Petrie ;
Fire Inspector, Michael W. Conway ; Chiefs of Battalions : 1st, Patrick
O'Malley ; 3d, Frederick I. Ries ; 3d, Peter Schnur ; 4th, Paul F. A. Pundt ;
5th, John Campion ; 6th, Joseph C. Pazen ; 7th, James Heaney ; 8th, Leo.
Meyers ; 9th, William H. Townsend ; 10th, Nicholas Dubach ; llth, John
Fitzgerald ; 12th, Edward W. Murphy ; 13th, Frederick J. Gabriel. Each
Engine and Hook and Ladder Company is commanded by a Captain and
Lieutenant, and the officers and men of the 99 apparatus stations are divided
into 13 Batalions, under command of the Chiefs mentioned above. [See
"Municipal Government " for salaries.]
Insurance Patrol. Established in 1871, by the underwriters of the city,
for the protection of property, merchandise, etc. and the recovery of sal-
vage from the interior of burning buildings. There are five Fire Patrol sta-
tions, as follows: No. 1, 176 Monroe St.. Captain George Furnald, 16 men;
No. 2, 210 Peoria St., West Side, Captain Charles W. O'Neill, 10 men; No. 3,
Dearborn and Twenty-third sts., Captain Frederick Harbunm 7 men; No. 4,
Forty -third street and Center ave., Captain Frank Whitmore, 6 men; No. 5,
now organizing, will be located at No. 60 Whiting St., with a force of 7 men,
E. T. Shepard, Superintendent. Patrol Station No. 1 is located on Monroe
St., between La Salle street and Fifth ave., and is the most accessible to visi-
tors. The horses and men are trained to perfection and the operation of
responding to sa alarm is one of the most interesting things to be seen in
Chicago. The Patrol Service, or Salvage Corps, are generally first at a fire,
employing fast horses and light equipment, and they save a vast amount of
property annually.
Location of Stations. The Engine Houses near the centre of the city, and
within easy access of visitors, are located as follows: No. 1, 271 Fifth ave..,
wholesale district; No. 10. 82 Pacific ave., near Board of Trade and Van
Buren St. depot: No. 13, 19 Dearborn St., near bridge; No. 32, foot of Mon-
roe St., No. 37 (river fire boat), foot of La Salle st.; No. 40, 83 South Frank-
lin St., near Telephone building. The visitor, should an alarm happen to be
signalled, will be interested in the perfect training and discipline exhibited
by men and horses.
Pension Fund. Firemen are retired on half-pay after continuous service
of 20 years, the fund for this purpose beirg established and maintained by
percentage of certain municipal revenues. [See Eleemosynary Support.]
The firemen also have a Benevolent Society which cares for disabled mem-
bers, and the widows and orphans of members. It is in a prosperous
condition.
GENERAL INFORMATION.
Annexation. On the 28th of June, 1889, the city embraced about forty-
four square miles of territory. On the day following, by vote of the people,
the city of Lake View and the towns of Hyde Park, Lake, Jefferson and
Cicero, aggregating 128.24 square miles of territory and about 220,000 people,
were annexed to and became part of Chicago, thus constituting one great
50
GUIDE TO CHICAGO.
metropolis, extending twenty-four miles from north to south, and from four
and one-half to ten and one-half miles firm east to west. The validity of
the proceedings resulting in the annexation was confirmed by the Supreme
Court, October 29, 1889. By this extraordinary consolidation, six independ-
ent municipal corporations each having a legislative and executive depart-
ment of government, each controlled and operated under more or less
different systems and methods of conducting public affairs were merged
into one municipality, under the authority and control of one city govern-
ment. During the year 1890, there were annexed to the city four
suburbs South Englewood, area, 292 square miles, population 8,000;
Gano, 1.80 square miles, population 2,600; Washington Heights, 2.8 square
miles, population 3,315; West Roseland, 1.80 square miles, population 792;
making a total annexation for the year of 9.32 square miles, withapopu-
lation of 9,900. Fernwood was also added.
Area of Chicago. Chicago has grown from 2.55 square miles in 1835 to
181.70 square miles in 1891, as follows:
SQUARK MILES.
February 11, 1835, original town
8.15 mak ng
3.33 making
8 9 ) making
2.65
10.7J
14.('3
17.93
24.41
35.79
36.79
43.94
172.18
174.18
177.16
179.96
181.70
March 4, 1837, there was added
February 16, 184", there was added
February 12, 1853, there was added
February 13, 1863, there was added.
6.48 making
11.35 making
1.00 making
7.15 making
128.24 making
2.00 making
?.98 making
2.80 making
1.80 making
February 27 1864, there was added
May 16, 1887, there was added
November and December 5, 1887, thei e was added
July 9 1889 there was added
April 16, 1890 village of G:. West Ko.-eland . . .
Of the present area 5.14 square miles are water, 176.56 land,
is divided into 34 wards, each covering a territory as follows:
First ward 1.75 square miles
Second ward 1.5 square miles
Third ward 1.5 square miles
Fourth ward 1.75 square miles
Fifth ward 1.5 square miles
Sixth ward 2.75 square miles
Seventh ward 0.75 square mile
Eighth ward 0.75 square mile
Ninth ward 1.5 square miles
Tenth ward 1.5 square miles
Eleventh ward 1.25 square miles
Twelfth ward 3.00 square miles
Thirteenth ward 3.00 square miles
Fourteenth ward 3.00 square miles
Fifteenth ward 3.25 square miles
Sixteenth ward 0.75 square mile
Seventeenth ward 0.75 square mile
The city
Eighteenth ward 0.75 square mile
Nineteenth ward 0.75 square mile
Twentieth ward 1 .00 square mile
Twenty-first ward. . . . 1.00 square mile
Twenty-second ward.. 0.75 square mile
Twenty-third ward 0.75 square mile
Twenty -fourth ward. .1.00 square mile
Twenty-fifth ward 5.00 square miles
Twenty-sixth ward. . . 5.75 square miles
Twenty-seventh ward. 29.5 square miles
Twenty-eighth ward. ..7.00 square miles
Twenty-ninth ward 6.00 square miles
Thirtieth ward 12.00 square miles
Thirty-first ward 18.00 square miles
Thirty-second ward . . .3.75 square miles
Thirty-third ward 28.5 square miles
Thirty-fourth ward. ..2V.OO square miles
CHICAGO AS IT JS. 51
Bridewell, or House of Correction. This is the city prison and is generally
known as the Bridewell, a name which it derived from the Bridewell of Dub-
lin, Ireland, to which it bears a similarity in many respects. The manage-
ment is vested in a superintendent, appointed by the mayor. The expendi-
tures for salaries and maintenance and construction are about $125, 000 per
annum; the receipts from police court fines, brick made by inmates inside the
walls, labor of prisoners, laundry work for police department, etc., amounts
to about $60,000 per annum. The number of prisoners committed to the
Bridewell annually is about 9,000, of whom about seven-eighths are male.
The average number of prisoners confined is about 760 males and 40 females.
The cost of the prison to the city of Chicago, as it stands to-day, is about
$1,500,000. The prisoners are employed in brick-making and other indus-
tries. County prisoners are also sent here, for whose support the city is paid
about 30 cents per capita daily. The Bridewell is situated at South Califor-
nia avenue, near West Twenty-sixth-street, West Side, and may be reached
by Blue Island Avenue cars. Mark L. Crawford is the superintendent.
Bridges and Viaducts. As the Chicago river is navigable for lake vessels,
and it, with its branches, intersects the heart of the city, a large number of
bridges have been required. No less than forty-five now span this small
stream. Nearly all are swinging bridges, and many of them are operated by
steam. Steel construction has been employed in the bridges most recently
erected. Among these, the Adams street bridge is a notable structure. It is
a 4-track bridge, 259 feet long on center truss, and 57 feet in width. Thia
bridge is two feet three inches lower at the east end than at the west end, and,
at the same time is reversible, the turn-table track being set on a grade of one
in 115. Some doubts were expressed as to its feasibility when the plan was
proposed, but the city engineers say that no bridge in the city works better
than this one. The Rush street draw is one of the longest in the world. The
Lake, Wells and Jackson street bridges are handsome structures. The present
bridge at Madison street is to be moved to Washington street, and one of the
finest bridges in the city erected in its place, which will probably be com-
pleted this year.
The railroads entering the city do so in but few instances above or below
the street l^vel. Grade-crossings are the rule. Engineers have long sought
to remedy this state of affairs, which will probably be accomplished in time;
but, meanwhile, some relier is being provided at the most dangerous crossings
by the erection of viaducts. There are thirty-five of these structures in the
city, the longest and finest of which is on Twelfth street, extending from
Clark street to Wabash avenue, crossing the tracks of the Atchison, Topeka
and Santa Fe Railroad Company, and costing $209,736.
Geographical Center of Chicago. The geographical center of the present
city of Chicago is located at the intersection of Ashland avenue and Thirty-
ninth street.
Health of the City. There was not a single case of small-pox in Chicago
during the year 1891. The physician of the Health Department during that
period vaccinated 20,809 persons. The vital statistics for 1890 were based
upon a population of 1,100,000. During the present year they are based
upon a population of 1,250,000. Said Health Commissioner Ware, at the
beginning of 1892 : "The health of the city has been good and very satisfac.
52 GUIDE TO CHICAGO.
tory to us. Our mortality for every month of the year was remarkably low."
The report of the Health Department for 1891 shows that there were 27,754
deaths In the city during the year, making a percentage, based upon a popula-
tion of 1,250,000, of 22.20 per 1,000. Of the deaths 12,801 were children under
five years of age, a percentage of 46.29 ; and 5 over one hundred years. The
grippe directly caused but 336 deaths, but pneumonia and other complica-
tions with the deadly influenza swelled the number of victims of this class of
diseases. Pneumonia carried off 2,898 ; consumption 2.120 ; bronchitis, 1,495;
typhoid fever, 1,997 ; accidents, 1,158 ; diphtheria, 958 ; croup, 400 ; scarlet
fever, 499; malarial fever, 143; whooping cough, 194; suicide, 246;
delirium tremens, 148 ; hydrophobia, 4. The total deaths from tubercular
diseases was 2,421.
Lake and River Frontage. The city has a frontage on Lake Michigan of
twenty-two miles and a river frontage of about fifty-eight miles, twenty-
two and one-half miles of which are navigable.
Lakes and Rivers. There are three lakes within the present city limits
containing an area of 4,095.6 acres, as follows: Calumet Lake 3122 acres, Hyde
Lake 330.8 acres, the portion of Wolf Lake lying within the city limits 642.8
acres. Of these Calumet and Wolf are navigable. There are two rivers within
the corporate limits; the Chicago river, with north and south branches, which
divide the city into districts known, respectively, as the North, South and
West " Divisions" or " Sides" and the Calumet river, with Big and Little
Calumet rivers, which penetrate the extreme southern part of the city.
Length and Width of Chicago. The distance between north Seventy -first
street, being the northern city limits, and One Hundred and Thirty-ninth
street, being the southern city limits, is twenty-four miles. The city at its
broadest point is 10.5 miles in width. State street has the greatest extension
north and south, running from North avenue to the southern city limits,
eighteen miles; Eighty-seventh the greatest western extension, running the
entire width of the city.
Marriage Licenses. The number of licenses issued in Chicago in 1891 was
15,400, or nearly 1,200 more than issued in the previous year, when 12,850
was considered a high number. In January, 1,258 licenses were issued; Feb-
ruary showed 927 licenses; March, 893; April, 1,369; May, 1,284; June, 1,441;
July, 1085; August, 1,206; September, 1,532; October, 1,613; November, 1,513;
December, 1,250. The rather delicate and sometimes embarrassing question
regarding the ages of the contracting parties was answered with all the num-
bers from 14 to 86. In twenty instances the bride had just passed 14 years,
while the ages of the grooms ranged between 17 and 20 years. During the
summer months the number of applicants under the age of majority reached
300. At an average of two times a day the "pa" or the " ma" had to give
their consent. Never in the history of Chicago have so many people in their
advanced age re-entered the connubial life as in the latter part of 1891, the
records showing nearly 100 couples respectively between 55-65 and 50-60.
The oldest man was 86 and is still alive; next comes one at 82, manied a few
days ago, and finally a comparatively young fellow of 77. The oldest maid
was 68 V while the oldest widow was 62.
CHICAGO AS IT IS.
53
Mileage of Streets. The annexation of Gano, Washington Heights, West
Roseland and part of Calumet, has extended the number of miles of streets in
Chicago to 2,235.71, divided as follows:
IMPROVED.
UNIMPROVED
Former City ot Chicago
438 28
33080
Hyde Park
125 07
416 87
40 09
298 00
Like View
56 05
75 48
Jefferson
24?.28
Cicero
84.79
Gano, Washington Heights, etc
119 00
Totals
668.49
1,567 22
Morgue. Situated in the rear of the County Hospital, near the Polk
street side. Take Harrison street or Ogden avenue car. Ten bodies, on an
average, are picked up in the streets of Chicago every day. Besides these,
morgue accommodations are necessary for many of those who die in" the
county and other hospitals, police stations, etc. The inside measures 40x46J^
feet, and the entire affair, with offices, etc., cost about $18,000. All bodies
are disinfected and frozen by the carbolic acid process before being placed on
view.
Natural Gas Supply. Natural gas for fuel purposes will be conveyed to
and used in Chicago extensively before the close of 1892.
Poverty in C7w'c#y3. Notwithstanding the great prosperity of the people
as a whole, poverty is to be found in Chicago as well as elsewhere. Mu-
nicipal charity in Chicago has risen to the dignity of an applied science.
Through the refuse of alleys, up the trembling stairs of tenements, and into
the hovels of want and misery a force of men and women daily goes,
carrying food for the hungry, warm clothing for the naked, coals for the
needy, and medicine for the sick. From November until April, Cook
County gives away 200 sacks of flour, forty pairs of shoes, and fifty tons of
coal every day. Relief of the deserving poor involves not alone the dis-
covery and proper aid of the unfortunates, but is attended with a constant
warfare against the idle and vicious. Agents of the Visitation and Aid
society, the Relief and Aid society, the German Aid society, the Hebrew Aid
society, and St. Vincentde Paul's daily seek the sick and needy, but their work
is only of a semi-public nature. From the office of the county agent, at 36
West Madison street, there are sent twenty-seven men and three women, who
investigate the condition of those reported to be in want and who, by reason
of their familiarity with neighborhoods and individuals, are able to insure a
wise bestowal of public charity.
Revenues and Disbursements of the City for 1801. The following shows
in detail the revenues and disbursements of the city of Chicago for the year
ending December 31, 1891, as reported by the city treasurer. RECEIPTS:
balance January 1, 1891, $567,555; general taxes,1890," $9,199, 796; water fund,
$4,456,286; sewerage fund, 1891, $171,733; department publishing works'
1891, $692,897; school tax fund, 1890, $15,000; school tax fund, 1891, "
54 GUIDE TO CHICAGO.
643; street lamp fund, 1891, $97,855; first district police court, $27,692; sec-
ond district police court, $7,1. JJ- third district police court, $11,093; fourth
district police court, $6,247; fiftli district police court, $5,943; sixth district
police court, $5,131; seventh district police court, $4,343; eighth district
police court, $3,225; ninth district police court, $2,828; tenth district police
court, $2,924; special assessments and deposit fund, $6,407,394; school fund,
'$2,400,440; house of correction, 1891, $01,812; city markets, 4,792; pounds,
$3,556; wharfing interests, $1,219; Jonathan Burr fund, $1,722; general
fund, 1891, $1,474,805; licenses, $3,882,453; rents, $27,495; refunding loan
account, $690,700; police department, fund 1891, $31,294; fire department
fund, 1891, $6,755; public library fund, 1891, $6,928; health department fund,
1891, $161; contingent fund, 1891, $3; fees, $1,550; Harrison and Tree fund,
$48; tax deeds in 1873, $63; special tax purchases in 1878, $6; tax purchases
in 1875, $34; tax purchases in 1887, $70; forfeitures, 1889 and prior, $259;
police life and health insurance fund, $200 $29,550,560, tolal, $30,118,115.
DISBURSEMENTS: Special assessments and deposit fund, $6,214,880; water
fund, $3,888,043- school fund, $2,399,220; general fund, 1889, $10,264; gen-
eral fund, 1890, $5,222; general fund 189i, $1,932,960; fire fund, 1890, $17,950;
fire fund, 1891, $1,380,109; police fund, 1890, $2,511; police fund, 1891,
$2,621,182'; house of correction, 1890, $653; house of correction, 1891, $92,-
504; health department, 1890, $3,361; healthdepartment 1891, $454,276; school
tax, 1890, $23,479; school tax, 1891, $4,264,016; public library, 1890, $2,499;
public library, 1891, $100,500; street lamps, 1890, $3,841; street lamps, 1891,
$761,223; sewerage, 1890, $17,864; sewerage, 1891, $546,874; department of
public works, 1890,409,203; department of public works, 1891, $2,319,471;
contingent, 1890, $583, contingent, 1891, 17,239, Jonathan Burr, $1,726;
police life and health, $421; interest account, 1891, $546,438; Chicago and
south side "L" railway, $100,000; Town of Lake, special, $1,052. Town of
Lake, general, $117; Hyde Park, special, $2,540; Hyde Park, general, $52;
Lake View, special, $672; Lake View, general, $29; Jefferson, special, $26;
general sinking fund, $50; school tax annexed territory, $27. Total, $28,-
149,393; balance in treasury December 31, 1891, $1,968,722. Total, $30,118,-
115.
Tenement House and Factory Inspection. During 1891 the Tenement
House and Factory Inspection Department examined 8,731 new buildings
in course of construction; 15,577 buildings and houses, containing 95,261 per-
sons; 19,429 workshops with 404,760 employes; served 9,702 notices; abated
9,134 nuisances; 2,162 cases of defective plumbing, and 711 cases of defective
drainage.
Topography of Chicago. The city of Chicago is level but not flat. There
are considerable rises here and there, the most noticeable being the ridge
which traverses the southern portion, west of Hyde Park, to the Indiana line.
All difficulties in the way of sewering have been overcome long since by skill-
ful engineering. The Chicago river which originally emptied into, now flows
out of the lake. The sewerage is carried by the river, in great part, to a canal
which conducts it through the interior. It finally finds its way into the Illi-
nois and Mississippi rivers. The drainage of the city is an interesting subject,
and the plans for future work in this connection are of great magnitude and
involve the expenditure of many millions. [See "Ship and Drainage
Canals," with map.]
CHICAGO AS IT IS.
55
Uniting Gity and County. The question of unitfng the city of Chicago
and the county of Cook under one government, is being seriously considered
at present. A constitutional amendment with this end in view will probably
be submitted to a vote of the people at the next general election in 1892.
Water Supply. The city, at present, is supplied with 22 pumping engines
of various types and power, representing a total engine capacity for delivering
daily 260.000,000 gallons of water. From measurements obtained, there was
pumped during the year a daily average of over 154,000,000 gallons, which is
nearly 60 per cent, of the total capacity of the pumping power of the engines
now in use. [See " Water Works."]
JOBBING AND WHOLESALE BUSINESS.
The jobbing and wholesale business of Chicago amounted to $517,166,000
in 1891. Of this, the dry goods trade alone amounted to $98,416,000 or
nearly one-fifth. The following statement exhibits the business transacted in
the various lines of trade, compared with previous years:
1891.
1890.
Dry Goods and Carpets ,
8 68.416,000
$93,730,000
Groceries ....
56,iOO,000
56,700,000
Lumber
39,000,OdO
36,900,000
Manufactured Iron
1 7. Oft V 00
15,580,0(
Clothing .
23,600,1 00
21,500000
Boots and Shoes
27,v 0,OCO
25,900,000
Drugs and Chemicals
7,600,000
7,100,000
Crockery and Glassware
6,000.0(0
5,500,000
Hats and Caps
8,000,000
7,000,000
Millinery . ...
7,000,000
7,000 (X
Tobacco and Cigars
11, 500,' 00
10,850,000
Fresh and Salt Fish, Oysters and Salmon . . .
5,500,(>CO
5,460,000
Oils
4/00,000
4,000,000
Dried Fruits
4,300,' 00
4.300.000
Building Materials
4,500,000
4,4fi8,000
Furs ,
1.750,000
I,500,0f0
Carriages
2,000,000
1,850,000
Pianos, Organs and Musical Instruments
7,800,000
7,300,000
Music-books and Sheet Music
625,0(10
575,000
Books, Stationery and Wall Paper . . .
22 000,000
22,000,( )
Paper
2S,()i 0,OCO
25,500000
Paper Stock
5,500,000
5,000,000
Pig Iron
20,500,(00
20,035,000
Coal
26,000,' 00
25,d75,0<
Hardware and Cutlery
l'J,225,000
17,500,000
Wooden and Willow Ware
3/00,000
3 t6J (00
Liquors
15.000,0(0
13 8( 000
.Tewelrv, Watches and Diamonds
25,000,0'
20,400,000
Leather and Finding's
2.750,000
2,520,000
Pig Lead and Copper
6,000 000
6,666,00:)
Iron Ore
4,500.' (X)
4,00(1,000
Miscellaneous
6,0i 0,000
5,035,000
Totals
S")17 C6 000
8186,600,000
Total in 190..
Total in 1389..
$486,600,001
. 418,165,000
GUIDE TO CHICAGO.
Export Trade of Chicago. The following is the merchandise entered for
export, with benefit of drawback, at the port of Chicago during the year 1891.
PACKAGES AND CONTENTS
QUANTITY.
ARTICLES AND QUANTITIES
ENTITLED TO DRAWBACK.
AMO'NT OF
DRAWB'K.
89 \676 packages canned meats.
1 7,446 packages salted meats
16,075 baled binder twine
54,877,719 Ibs
21,224,44 i Ibs
1,128,468 Ibs
Tinplate 8,735,992 Ibs
$89,93!. 81
4,0 .'0.45
7,693.76
$101 ,64-,. 02
Salt 4,808,475 Ibs
Hemp 1,128,468 Ibs
Total
Import Trade of Chicago. Following is a list of the merchandise imported
to Chicago during the year 1891.
COMMODITIES.
QUANTITIES.
COMMODITIES.
QUANTITIES.
Ale, beer, and porter, pkgs
4,284
Lemons, pkgs
15 010
Art material, pkgs
22 "i
Lumber, m
16.S69
Anvils No
1,643
Machinery, pkgs
255
Bans and peas, bag's. . . .
2,411
Macaroni, pKgd.
6,4 i 9
Berries, brls
2,384
Marble and granite, pkgs. . .
2,215
Bedsteads, pkgs ...
6,873
Marble Slabs, No
22,641
Uicycles, pkgs
510
Mf . Metal, cases
2,082
Bittors, cases
H2
Millinery, cases
991
Bleaching powder, pkgs
673
Musical goods, cases
2,345
600
Nuts, pkgs
6 i>32
Buttles, empty, pkgs
1,001
Olive oil, pkgs
2,246
Brandy, liquors, pkgs.
5,739
Oxide of iron, tons.
tsjt
Bricks, casks . . ...
7.118
Paints and color ^, pkgs
2,018
Caustic soda pko's
3,968
Paintings cases
i55
Canned goods, csises
6,150
Paper, pkgs.
1,266
Cement, pkgs
17,668
Phosphate, cars
il
Champagne, cases
2,978
Pickles, pkgs
3,553
Cheese, pkgs
974
Posts, Cedar, No
258, ?
China, pkgs
1,765
Plants and bulbs, cases. . . .
963
Cocoanut oil, pipes
170
Potash, pkgs
472
Cocoa, pkgs
8,172
Prunes, pkgs
4,420
Cigars, cases
1,906
Raisins, pkgs.
27,940
Cotfee, bags
5,289
Rice, bags
19,906
Corkwood, bales
3,679
Salt sacks . .
149,4S1
Currants, pkgs
2,000
Sausage Csgs., pkgs
326
Cutlery, pkgs
119
2,0^8
Dry goods, pkgs
17,649
Skins, pkgs
440
Druggist sundries, pkgs
1,500
Soda Ash, pkgs
2,346
Ext. of meat, cases
190
Stat'ry and Brnzs, pkgs . .
2^3
Effects, pkgs , .
663
Smokers articles, cases
1,385
Earthenware, pkgs
16,572
Sugar refined, brls
83.590
Feathers, bales
?<71
Sugar, Maple, pkgs
1,978
Figs and dates, pkgs
13,763
Tar and Pitch, pkgs
2,653
Firearms, pkgs..
129
Tea, pkgs
241,727
Fish, pkgs
52,070
Ties Railroad, No
113.620
Fullers earth, bags.
3,744
Tiles pkgs
1,199
Furniture, pkgs
V30
Tinplate, boxes
330,702
Gin, pkgs
2,763
Tobacco, bales ...
4,827
Glass, window, pkgs
2,730
Toys, cases
1,187
Glassware, pkgs
56J
Type metal, pigs.
4,874
Glue, pkgs
118
Water, Mineral, pkgs....
635
Grease, pkgs .. ....
775
Whisky, pkgs.
3,739
Hardware, pkgs
5K5
Wine, pkgs
16,992
Instruments, scientific, cases
153
Wire rope, coils
62
Japan, goods pk^s
3,610
Wood Mfd, pko-s
1,987
Iron and steel, mfd., pkgs. . . .
2,148
Miscellaneous, pkgs
303
Jewelers' sundries, pkgs
232
[Engraved for The Standard Guide Company."]
THE INDIAN GROUP, LINCOLN PARK.
[See "Lincoln Park."]
CHICAGO AS IT IS.
57
Iron and Steel Market. During the last few years a large number of
manufacturers, who use large quantities of iron and steel, have been located
In Chicago, and the home consumption of this material is probably the largest
of any point in the United States; besides this, the Chicago jobbers have sold
an unusually large tonnage for shipment to all points in the west and north-
west, so that it must be conceded that Chicago takes first place in the United
States as an iron and steel market, it being well known that whenever manu-
facturers are overstocked with any material in this line, they usually come to
Chicago to dispose of their surplus.
MANUFACTURES OF CHICAGO.
The manufactures of Chicago keep pace with the growth of population
and commerce. There were 3.307 manufacturing firms in this Jty in 1891,
against 3,250 in 1890; the capital employed iu manufactures in 1891 was $210,-
302,000, against $190, 000,000 in 1890, the number of workers employed in
manufacturing in Chicago in 1891 was 180,870, against 177,500 in 1890; the
wages paid by manufacturers in 1891 amounted to $104,904,000 against $96,-
200,000, in 1890, and the value of the product of Chicago manufactories in
1891 was $567,012,300, against $538,000,000, in 1890.
Brewing, Distilling and Tobacco.
INDUSTRIES.
No.
CAPITAL.
WKRS.
PRODUCT.
Breweries
42
$11 500,000
2000
$13 200 000
Malthousc'S .
34
4,000,000
700
5 500 000
Distillers and Rectifiers . . .
84
5 250 000
1,000
15 736 (100
Tobacco and snuff
23
-iHK),roo
900
3,040'0()0
Cigars and cigarettes
930
1,750,000
2,600
8 100000
Totals
1,163
$23,400,000
7,2TO
$45,576,000
Totals 1890
1,160
25,160,000
7,050
44 787 000
The amount paid in wages is estimated at $4,380,000, against $4,368,000
for 1890.
Brass, Copper, etc. The following table exhibits the manufactures in
brass, copper, etc., in Chicago, for the year 1891:
INDUSTRIES.
No.
CAPITAL.
WORKERS.
PRODUCT.
Brass, copper and plumbers 1 supplies
Tin, stamped, and sheet metal ware
Jewelry manufactures
28
34
24
$ 1,500,000
3,000,000
1000000
1,700
2,800
600
$ 3000,000
7,475,000
2 500 COO
10
750 000
300
1 500 00()
Optical goods
2
250 000
70
500000
Telegraph and elfctric supplies
7
1,470 000
2 050
3 660 000
Smelting and refining
4
S,450 000
750
23 607 UOO
Iron and brass works
6
2iO,COO
250
500,030
Miscellaneous
38
650,000
820
2,800,000
Totals
153
$11,270000
9 340
$45 543 000
Totals, 1890
141
8,260 000
9 185
46 420000
The estimated amount of wages paid in- 1891 is $6,065,000. as against
$5, 750,000 for 1890.
58
GUIDE TO CHICAGO.
Brick, Stone, etc. The estimates of the manufactures in brick, stone, etc.,
in Chicago, for 1891, were:
INDUSTRIFS.
Brickyards
Cut Stone Contractors
Marble and Granite Works.
Gravel Roofers
Lime Kilns
Terra Cotta
Stained Glass Factories
Totals
Totals, 1890
The amount of wages estimated to have been paid in 1891 was $3,8bO,UJO
against $3,209,000 in 1890.
Iron and Wood. Following are the estimates of the combined wood and
iron manufactures of Chicago for the year 1891:
No.
CAPITAL.
WORKERS.
PRODUCT.
68
65
32
30
6
1
10
83,600,000
1,525,000
1,0:-:0,000
225,000
225,000
300,0'
300,000
3,785
1,600
750
501
370
500
350
$ 3,8^6,000
2,000,000
1,800/00
1,150,000
450,000
600,000
90 ,000
212
214
$7,205,000
5,680,000
7,855
7,520
$10,726,000
12,600,000
INDUSTRIES.
No. CAPITAL.
WORKERS.
PRODUCT.
Wagons and Carriages
70
5
4
6
5
$ 2,000,000
7,150,000
6,400,000
1,675,000
700,000
2,000
5,6 ;&
8,000
850
250
$ 4,000,000
15,950,aH)
17,350,000
3,000,000
800,000
Agricultural Implements
Car and Bridge Builders
Elevators
Sewing Machines and Cases
Totals
90
92
$17,925,000
13,700,000
16,725
15,200
$41,100,000
42,000,000
Totals 1890
The wages of the year are estimated at $12,575,000, as compared with
$13,000,000 for the previous year.
Chemicals. The manufacture of chemicals in Chicago for the year 1891,
was estimated as follows:
INDUSTRIES.
Chemical works . .
White lead and paint
White lead corroders
Varnish
Axle grease
Glue fertilizers, etc
Soap
Candles
Linseed oil and cake
Soda, mineral waters, etc
Ink, sealing wax, etc
Totals.
Totals 1890..
No.
CAPITAL.
WORK-
ERS.
PRODUCT.
6
$ 700,000
250
$1.750.000
20
1,500,000
500
4,400.000
2
1,750,000
125
2,1 00,000
8
1,200,000
15(1
1,300,000
1
3,00,000
50
1/00,000
5
1,700,000
1 S 000
3,500,0(10
8
3,000,000
2/00
8,000,00i)
2
500,000
125
800,000
7
1,750,000
250
3,500,000
20
900.000
600
2,000,000
1
75,000
100
250,000
80
$13,375,000
5,150
28,500,000
84
14,320,000
4,900
23,550,000
The wages fiaid in 1891 footed up $3,240,000, as against $2,460, 000 in 1890.
CHICAGO AS IT IS*
Iron and Steel. The following table exhibits the manufactures in iron and
steel in Chicago for the year 1891:
INDUSTRIES.
No.
CAPITAL.
WORK-
ERS.
PRODUCT.
6
60
76
32
6
9
14
14
40
JO
50
$ 27,700.1 00
3.500,OOU
3,800,000
600,000
2,7:>0,000
J, 305,1 00
40n,f'0i)
6fO,000
6<;0,000
200,0(0
3.500,000
10,475
4,500
4,000
1,200
1,700
1,360
600
800
950
4i'0
4,200
$ 25,900,0
11,1100,000
9,000,000
2.250,00
4,601,000
2,4' 0,OT>0
1,10 ,000
2,80'',0(IO
l,7l 0,000
450,01
9,500,000
P"iler works
Barbed wire and wircworks
Miscellaneous
Totals
316
321
$ 44,005,000
4u,600,000
30,185
34,600
$70,700,000
69,325,000
Totals 1890
The amount of wages paid in 1891 is estimated at $19,706,000, as com-
pared with $18,500,000 for 1890.
Meats. The following table shows the meat industry of Chicago for the
year 1891.
INDUSTRIES.
No.
CAPITAL.
WORK-
ERS.
PRODUCT.
20
12
20
2,000,000
Furniture
260
8,000,000
12,000
21,000,000
Pictures frames and looking glasses.
Pianos and organs
60
24
1,500,000
4,500,000
1,500
3,000
3,000,000
7,ooo,ono
Billiard tables . .
3
375,000
400
700.000
30
1,000,100
800
2,350,000
Totals.
483
19.375,000
25,000
46,050,000
Totals, 1890
470
18,500,000
24,800
46,000,000
The estimated wages are $13,520,000, against $13,500,000 for 1890.
CHICAGO AS IT IS.
61
Other Manufactures. The other manufactures of Chicago, coming under
the head of miscellaneous, for the year 1891, were estimated as follows:
MISCELLANEOUS.
No.
CAPITAL.
WORKERS.
PRODUCT.
Tools and bicycle factories
3
$850,000
1,400
$2 100000
Sign-makers
35
125,000
500
750 000
Brushes (not broom)
16
800000
850
720 000
Brooms
2
75,000
75
250000
Feather dusters
4
60,000
150
200000
Show cases
10
120,000
130
45 i 000
Glass
]
100,000
120
200'000
Corks
3
130,000
120
225'000
Paper boxes
14
250,000
850
900,000
Sails, awning's, etc
12
200,0.0
250
550000
Shipyards..
2
300,000
100
200 (XX)
Perfumery
6
225,000
250
750,000
Totals...:.
JOS
2,735,000
4,295
7,295,000
Totals 1890
98
2,277,000
4,235
7,140,<00
The wages paid approximate $2,245,000, against $2,053,000 for 1890.
MARITIME INTERESTS.
%
It will be a surprise to the stranger, whether American or foreign, to
learn that the arrivals and clearances of vessels at Chicago harbor exceed
those of New York by fully 50 per cent.; that they are nearly as many as
those of Baltimore, Boston and New York combined, and that they are a
fraction of over 60 per cent, as many as all the arrivals and clearances in
Baltimore, Boston, New York, New Orleans, Philadelphia, Portland and San
Francisco. Chicago has also fully 25 per cent, of the entire lake-carrying
trade, as compared with the total arrivals and clearances in Buffalo, Detroit,
Duluth, Erie, Huron, Grand Haven, Milwaukee, Ogdensburg, Sanduskyand
Marquette. These noteworthy facts are amplified in the two following
tables:
DISTRICTS ON THE SEABOARD.
DISTRICT OF
VESSELS
ENTERED.
VESSELS
CLEARED.
TOTAL.
AOGR'G'TE
RECEIPTS.
COST TO
COLLECT $1.
Baltimore
1,828
1,443
3,270
$ 3,766,922
$0.072
Boston
3,260
3,391
6,650
18,038,773
.033
New Orleans .
1,156
1,148
2,304
2,106,681
.099
New York
8,196
7,818
16,014
147,538,045
.018
Philadelphia
1,829
2,053
3,883
20,711,455
.023
Portland
784
1,149
1,933
187,950
.263
Pt. Townsend
1,738
1,792
3,530
193,003
.288
Providence
666
202
868
3?8,850
.054
San Francisco
1,285
1,537
2,822
7,956,889
.047
Total
20,742
20,531
41,273
$200,828,567
$0.897
Average
2,305
1,281
4,586
22,314,285
.100
Chicago
10,107
10,120
20,227
6,794,515
.033
62
GUIDE TO CHICAGO.
PRINCIPAL DISTRICTS ON THE GREAT LAKES.
DISTRICT OF
VESSELS
ENTERED.
VESSELS
CLEARED.
TOTAL.
AGGR'GATE
RECEIPTS.
COST TO
COLLECT $1.
Buffalo
3,936
4,304
8 240
$ 8*2 175
80 065
Cleveland
5 136
5 170
10 308
388 598
'070
Detroit
6 296
6 530
12 826
630 670
1 3
Duluth
1,150
1,165
2 315
8 318
660
Port Huron ....
4 952
4 837
9 789
191 15 i
228
Grand Haven
7,710
7,707
15,417
1,881
2 889
Milwaukee
10,708
10,286
20 994
393 530
034
Ogdensburg
1,435
1,394
2 829
?63888
091
Marquette . . ...
6622
6 686
13 308
If 856
730
Total
47,945
48,079
96,024
$2,759 069
$4 88
Average
5,327
5,324
10,669
306,563
512
Chicago
i 10,107
10 120
20 2:-7
5 794 51 5
023
Shipments of Grain by Lake to Canada. The shipments of grain by lake
to Canada during 1891, embracing corn, oats, wheat and rye, were:
SHIPPED TO
BUSHELS.
SHIPPED TO
BUSHELS.
Collingwood
405,421
Sarnia
985,978
Kingston
4,126,400
25 100
Midland
1,199,150
Montreal
Point Edward
Prescott
367,082
344,469
38.000
Total
7,491,600
Coastwise Receipts and Shipments. The coastwise receipts and shipments at
the port of Chicago during 1891 were:
RECEIPTS.
ARTICLES
QUANTITY.
ARTICLES.
QUANTITY.
5687030
Iron ore, tons
71,449
852 987
Iron tons
19.423
21 537
106 273
Lumber 1 000
1 302 226
Coffee, sacks
26 i07
Shingles 1 000
'253 738
Tea, chests
4,885
Lath, 1 000 . . . .
37,139
Liquor.- 1 , packages
40,112
4 233,929
Fish, tons
2,349
2 052 050
Hides, pieces
4,524
' 53 375
Potatoes, bushels
220,465
32 683
Hay, tons
2,510
Bark, cords
13,434
Flour, barrels
22,840
1 215 331
ft 965
30 775
Stone, tons
12,590
403,414
Sulphur, tons
653
41 080
Plaster, barrels
101,696
164,260
Cement, barrels
316,231
150,086
Oil, barrels
4,? 90
Cheese, packages
61,582
Woolsacks
1,998
CHICAGO AS IT IS.
63
SHIPMENTS.
ARTICLES.
QUANTITY.
ARTICLES.
QUANTITY.
Flour, brls
Mchds., pkgs
Wheat, bu '
Corn, bu
Oats, bu
Rye, bu
Barley, bu
Grass-seed, s vcks
1,684,011
I,o50,30l
29,641,142
37,705,2o7
17,7v28
4,094.744
1,628,900
80,073
Coffee, sacks
Tea, chests
Sugar, brl*
Sirup, barls
Hides, pieces
Liquors, brls
Oilcakes, Ibs
Oil, brls
18,178
15,519
17,113
9,162
6,478
10,347
210,086
4,432
9,647
Flax-seed, bu ...
Br'm-co n, b'les
Fork, brls
Beet', ' rls
Oatmeal brls
Corn-meal, brls
Lard, pkgs
L:rd, tes
Glucose, brls
Malt, sacks
6821
56,076
4.672
14,319
12,7 9
18,S94
69,850
4.i.9"0
39,214
Millstuffs, sacks
Cur'd rats., pkgs
Tallow, brls
Nails, kegs
Iron, tons
Lead, piss
Wool, sacks
Fertilizer, brls
Spelter, plates
342,232
4,443
21,727
27,172
4,0i 7
559,394
56,227
1,150
97.027
Value of Exports By Zofe. There were 893,676 packages of canned
meats exported by lake aggregating 54,877,719 pounds; 127 446 packages of
salted meats aggregating $21,224.440, and 16,075 bales of binder-twine al-
to-ether 1,128^68 pounds. Of the articles entitled to drawback were8,735,992
pounds of tin, the drawback on which was $899.30; 4,808,473 pounds ot salt,
with a drawback of $4.020, and 1,128,468 pounds of hemp, with a draw-
back of $7,693. The total values of imported articles entered m the port o.
Chicago was $15,105,775.
Arrivals and Clearances of Vessels. Following is a table showing the
arrivals and clearances of vessels, with tonnage, at Chicago harbor, for \i
to 1890, inclusive:
YEAR.
ARRIVALS.
CLEARANCES.
TOTAL.
No.
Tonnage.
No.
Tonnage.
No.
Tonnage.
1883
11,203
10,513
9,846
10.180
10,828
10,158
9,552
10,224
3,555,586
3,481,907
3,347,647
3,546,309
3,868,405
3,990,021
4,417,415
5,524,852
11,271
10,640
9,910
10,267
10,920
10,308
9,462
10,294
3J43,574
3,489,666
3,364,169
3,594,549
3,989,615
4,134,064
4,403,634
22,474
21,153
19,756
20,447
21,748
20,466
19,014
7,299,160
6,971,623
6,711,816
7,140,858
7,858,000
8,124,985
8,821.049
1884
1885
1886
1887
1888
1889
GUIDE TO CHICAGO.
Vessels owned in Chicago. The following table exhibits the number and
character of vessels owned in Chicago:
CLASS.
NUMBER.
TONNAGE.
CLASS.
NUMBER.
TONNAGE.
Propellers
6'2
7
4
34
35
19,861.97
1,543.94
600.50
173.15
1,874.05
Schooners
168
8
7
40.940.15
71.45
213.34
Tugs,
Sloops ,
Side wheel steamers
Sailing yachts.
Steam canal boats. . .
Total
384
65,380.46
MUNICIPAL GOVERNMENT.
City Clerk's Office Salaries. The salaries of subordinates are as follows:
Deputy clerk, $3,000; chief clerk, $2,400; minor clerks from $1,000 to $1,300.
City Collector's Office Salaries. The salaries of subordinates are as fol-
lows: Chief clerk, $2,000; cashier, $1,800; book-keeper, $1,400; clerk, $1,400;
five clerks, $1,500 each; five clerks, $1,000 each; messenger, $800.
City Hall Employes Salaries. Janitor, $1,400; 2 carpenters, $3 per day;
4 finishers, $720 each; 10 elevator attendants, $720 each; 10 janitors, $720
each; 11 female janitors, $480 each; chief engineer, $1,500; 3 assistant engi-
neers, $1,000 each; 6 firemen, $720 each; 3 coal passers, $660 each; 3 oilers,
$720 each.
Comptroller's Office Salaries. The salaries of subordinates are as fol-
lows: Chief clerk, $3,000; general book-keeper, $2,400; assistant book-
keeper, $1.800; cashier, $1,800; assistant cashier, $1,500; warrant clerk,
$1,600; minor clerks, $1,000 to $1,200.
Engineering Department Salaries. The salaries of subordinates are as
follows: Assistant engineer, $2,500; second assistant engineer, $2,000; one
assistant engineer, $2,000; two assistant engineers, $1,800 each; rodman,
$900; draughtsman, $1,200; chief clerk, $1,800; messenger, $600.
Feed Officers. City sealer of weights and measures, oil inspector,
inspector of steam boilers, building inspector, elevator inspector, and some
other minor officers of the city government are paid in fees, or a percentage of
fees collected in their respective offices. Of these the oil inspectorship is
the most lucrative, being worth about $20,000 per annum.
Fire Department Salaries. The salaries of subordinates are as follows:
First assistant fire marshal and inspector, $3,500; second assistant fire mar-
shal, $3,000; assistant fire marshal and secretary, $3,200; fire inspector,
$2,500; 13 chiefs of battalions, $2,500 each; bookkeeper, $1,800; 2 clerks,
$1,800 each; clerk and storekeeper, $1,400; superintendent of horses, includ-
ing medicines, $2,200; 19 captains, $1,360.80 each; 42 captains, $1,260 each;
14 captains, $1,200 each; 19 lieutentants, $1,155 each; 25 lieutenants, $1,000
each; 17 engineers, $1,360.80 each; 30 engineers, $1,260 each; 12 engineers,
$1,200 each; 13 assistant engineers, $1,134 each^ 30 assistant engineers,
$1,050 each; 12 assistant engineers $1,000 each; 115 pipemen and truckmen,
$1,134 each; 131 pipemen and truckmen, $1,050 each; 69 pipemen and truck-
men, $945 each; 40 pipemen and truckmen, $840 each; 37 drivers, $1,134 each;
81 drivers, $1,050 each; 39 drivers, $945 each; 4 pilots, $1.260 each; 2
stokers, $1,050 rs t $'945 each; 9 watchmen, $798.80 each;
CHICAGO AS IT IS. ' 65
superintendent city telegraph, $3, 675; chief operator, $2,362.50; 3 assistant
operators, $1,260 each; chief of construction, $1,800; battery man, $945;
five repairers, $1,102.50 each; chief of electric repair shop, $1,575; 3 linemen,
$945 each; machinist, $1,050; 2 assistant machinists, $756 each; clerk and
stenographer, $1,260; 2 electric light inspectors, paid in fees collected,
1 manager, $1,700; 3 operators, $1,200 each; 3 repairers, $1,000 each;
1 lineman, $945; 1 instrument man, $900; 1 battery man, $900. Total for
salaries of Fire Department, including Chief Marshal, $974,348.00.
Health Department Salaries. The salaries of subordinates are as follows:
Assistant commissioner, $2,500 ; department clerk, $1,500 ; secretary, $1,500;
registrar of vital statistics, $1,200; thirty-four sanitary police, $1,000 each;
eight medical inspectors, $900 each; chief tenement house and factory in-
spector, $2,000; nine meat and stock yards inspectors, $1.200 each; assistant
tenement house and factory inspector, $1,500; clerk to tenement house and
factory inspector, $1,000; thirty-four tenement house and factory inspectors,
$1,000 each; five female factory inspectors, $1,000 each; city physician,
$2,500; assistant, $1,500.
Law Department Salaries. The salaries of subordinates are: Assistant
corporation counsel, $5,000; assistant corporation counsel, $3,000; assistant
city attorney, $4,000; chief clerk, $2,000; 3 minor clerks, $1,500 each; 2 minor
clerks, $1,200 each; clerk to city attorney. $1,500.
Map Department Salaries. Superintendent, $1,800; 8 draughtsmen,
$1,200 each; 2 draughtsmen, $1,000 each; house numbering clerk, $900.
Police Court Salaries. There are eight police court districts in the city of
Chicago, in which ten police court justices administer the municipal law. These
are appointed by the mayor. The salaries are as follows: two police justices,
1st district, $5,000 each ; two police justices, 3d district, $5.000 each ; one
police justice, 2d district, $5,000; one police justice, 4th district, $2,500;
one police justice, 5th district, $2,500 ; one police justice. Englewood dis-
trict, $1,800; one police justice, Lake View district, $1,200. The "clerks
of the 1st district court receive $1,500 'and $1,200; all other clerks
$1,200 each, except the assistant of the 1st district, whose salary is $1,000,
and those of Englewood and Lake View, who receive $900 and $600, respect-
ively.
Police Department Salaries. The salaries of the officers and subordinates
in the Police department are as follows: General superintendent, $5,000;
assistant superintendent, $3,000; chief inspector, $2,800; 4 division inspec-
tors, $2,800 each; 1 secretary, $2,250; 1 private secretary, $1,500; 2 clerks,
secretary's office, $1,200 each; 1 drillmaster, $2,000; 1 stenographer,
$1,200; 1 assistant stenographer, $600; 1 custodian, $1,323; 1 clerk detect-
ives office, $1,500; 2 assistant clerks, detective's office, $1,200 each;
1 night clerk, $900; 16 captains at $2,250 each; 52 lieutenants $1,500
each; 1 sergeant, detective's office, $1,600; 1 assistant clerk, $1,200; 56
patrol sergeants, $1,200 each; 86 desk sergeants at $1,200 each; 25 matrons at
$630 each; 2 photographers, $1,200 each; 50 detective sergeants, $1,212.75
each; 10 police court bailiffs, $1,000 each; 6 pound keepers, $771.75 each; 2
patrolmen at mayor's office, $1,000 each; 1 patrolman at comptroller's office,
$500; 25 lockup keepers, $1,000 each; 2inspectors of pawnshops, $1,200 each;
4 inspectors of pawnshops, $1,000 each; 2 inspectors of vehicles, $1,200, each;
2 assistant inspectors of vehicles, $1,000 each; 250 patrolmen on duty at
66 GUIDE TO CHICAGO.
bridges, street crossings, depots, etc., $1,000 each; 140 patrolmen, first-class,
for duty on patrol wagons, $1,000 each; 1,750 patrolmen, first-class, for regu-
lar duty, $1,000 each; 200 patrolmen (second class), for patrol duty, nire
months at $60 per month; 6 engineers for police stations, $1,000 each; 6
assistant engineers for police stations (eight months) $551.25 each; 20 janitors
at $530 each; 1 veterinary surgeon, $1,500; 1 assistant veterinary, $1,000; 15
hostlers, $630 each; 3 watchmen, $750 each; 6 drivers of supply wagons,
$720 each; 70 drivers of patrol wagons, $720 each; 1 chief operator, police
telegraph service, $1,3'IO; 1 assistant operator, $1,000; 85 operators, police
telegraph service, at $720 each; 4 drivers for ambulances, $720 each. Total
for salaries of police department for the year 1891, $2,485,242.
Public Works Department Salaries. The salaries of subordinates are as
follows: Secretary, $2,400; assistant secretary, $1,500; book-keeper, $2,400;
assistant book-keeper, $2,000; clerk, $l,200;mino clerks from $600to $1,000.
Sewerage Department Salaries. Superintendent, $3,500; 6 assistant
engineers, $1,800 each; 6 rodmen, $900 each; chief clerk, $1,200; chief clerk
of house drains, $1,800; permit clerk, $900; chief inspector house drains,
$1,200; draughtsman, $1,200; draughtsman, $1,000.
Special Assessment Department Salaries. The salaries of subordinates are
as follows: Attorney, $2,700; assistant attorney, $1,800; chief clerk, $2,100;
clerk, $1,800; clerk, $1,680; two clerks, $1,500 each; four clerks, $1,400
each; sixteen clerks, $1,200 each; clerk, $1,000; three clerks, $900 each.
Street Department Salaries. The salaries of subordinates are as follows:
Assistant superintendent, $2,000;chief clerk, $1,500; bill clerk, $1,200; permit
clerk, $900; assistant permit clerk, $720; general clerk, $900; messenger, $720;
chief sidewalk inspector, $1,500; superintendent of house moving, $1,800
(paid from fees).
Telephone Department Salaries. Chief operator, $1,300; assistant chief
operator, $900; 71 operators, $720 each; 7 repairers, $1,000 each; 2 battery
men, $900 each; 2 hostlers, $620 each; driver, $720; operator bridge tele-
phone office, $720; 12 operators bridge telephone system, nine months,
$472. 50 each.
The Mayor and Council Salaries. The government of the city of Chicago
is vested in a mayor, elected for two years, salary $7,000, and a city council,
composed of sixty-eight aldermen, 01 two from each of the thirty-four wards,
who receive a per diem for actual services, the total of which amounted this
year to about $15,000. One alderman is elected from each ward on alternate
years. The mayor is assisted in the performance of his duties by heads of
departments and bureaus, as follows: Comptroller, $5,000; treasurer, includ-
ingassistauts, $25,000, and interest on city deposits, his right to the latter being
now in dispute; city clerk, $3,500; commissioner of public works, $5,000;
city engineer, $3,500; counsel of corporation, $6,000; city attorney, $5,000;
prosecuting attorney, $4,000; general superintendent of police, $5,000; chief
marshal of fire department, $5,000; superintendent of fire alarm telegraph,
$3, 675; commissioner of health, $4,000; city collector, $4,000; superintend-
ent of special assessment, $3,500; superintendent of street department, $3,500;
mayor's secretary, $2,500; mayor's assistant secretary, $1,500; mayor's
messenger, $2,000.
CHICAGO AS IT IS. 67
PARK SYSTEM.
The Park System of Chicago was designed and is conducted upon
an elaborate scale. In its entirety the area covered by the different
parks and public squares within the city limits embraces 1,974.61
acres. This is exclusive of the ground covered by park boulevards. The
Park System proper is divided into three divisions, each division being under
the control of Park Commissioners, elected by the Courts. Thus we have
three boards : The South Park Commissioners, the West Park Commis-
sioners and the North Park Commissioners. The parks under the supervi-
sion of these commissioners are maintained by direct tax upon the respective
divisions of the city. Under control of the city government are a number of
small parks, squares and " places," which are maintained at the expense of
the city treasury. [See "Area of Parks and Public Squares."] The parks of
Chicago form, with the boulevards as their connecting links" [See Map], a
chain around the city, both ends of which are anchored in Lake Michigan.
Only a very few years ago complaint to the effect that the great parks of the city
were too fa"r removed from the people, and practically inaccessible to the very
class whom they were intended to serve, was general. Now, however, they
are becoming the nuclei around which populous districts are growing. In a
few years, instead of being on the outskirts of the city, they will be breathing
places in its interior. For the visitor, all the parks are within convenient
reach. Cable lines or street cars will carry you to any of them at the uni-
form rate of five cents. Trains on the Illinois Central will take you to Jack-
son Park (South Park Station) and return for twenty-five cents. The great
parks are grouped as follows :
SOUTH SIDE. Jackson Park take Illinois Central train foot Randolph,
Van Buren, Sixteenth, Twenty-second, Twenty-seventh or Thirty -first streets,
or Cottage Grove avenue cable line. Washington Park take State street or
Cottage Grove avenue cable line, the former for Grand boulevard, the latter
for Drexel boulevard entrance. Park phaetons convey visitors around Wash-
ington and Jackson parks, touching or stopping at all points of interest, for
25 cents per adult passenger ; 15 cents for children.
WEST SIDE. Douglas Park take West Twelfth street or Ogden avenue
cars. Garfield Park take West Madison street cable or West Lake street
cars. Humboldt Park take Milwaukee avenue cable line, or West North
avenue cars. s
NORTH SIDE. Lincoln Park takeN. Clark or Wells street cable line-
to main entrance; take North State street cars to Lake Shore Drive en
trance.
Persons desiring to take other conveyances can make their selection from
the hackney cabs, hansoms, coupes, etc., found at downtown stands. [See
hack and cab rates.] Carriage arrangements may be made by telephone
?0 &UIDE TO CHICAGO*
are known collectively and familiarly as "The South Parks." The cost to
the city of the ground which they cover was $3,208,000. They are as yet in
their infancy, but even now they rank among the finest parks in the world.
Ashland Boulevard. From West Lake street to West Twelfth street, or,
rather, from Union Park south to the boulevard extension of West Twelfth
street, which makes the connection with Douglas Park. The finest residence
street of the West Division. Elegant mansions rise on either side, from Mon-
roe street south. There are also some handsome church edifices on the boule-
vard, among them the Union Park Congregational, opposite Union Park; the
Third Presbyterian, between Madisonand Monroe; the Fourth Baptist, nearthe
intersectionof Ashland and Ogden avenues, and Epiphany Episcopalian, atthe
southeast corner of Adams street. The boulevard is a fashionable drive. It
is paved with asphaltum, and is the most perfect roadway in the city. This
boulevard connects Washington with Twelfth, thus completing a circular
drive which includes Douglas, Garfield and Union Parks.
Central Boulevard. Connects Garfield with Humboldt Park; one and a
half miles in length; average width, 250 feet. Leaves Garfield Park at West
Kinzie street, runs north to Central Park avenue, east along Indiana street to
Sacramento Square, north to Augusta street and Hurnboldt Park. This, like
other West Side boulevards, has been neglected up to the present time, but
improvements are now contemplated or under way which will make it a
magnificent avenue. Even as it is at present, it is a pleasant drive between
the two parks.
Douglas Boulevard. Running from the west side of Douglas Park, at
Albany avenue, west seven-eighths of a mile, then north seven eighths of a
mile, to Garfield Park. The roadway is kept in good repair and the drive is
a beautiful one; but up to the present time, like the other West park boule-
vards, it has not received proper attention. The work of improvement, how-
ever, will now go on rapidly, and it is expected to be one of the finest of the
boulevards before 1893. It is a very popular drive, for the circuit from Union
Park to Garfield, then via Douglas boulevard to Douglas, and thence back by
Ogden and West Twelfth street boulevards to Ashland boulevard and point
of departure, completes a perfect summer evening's ride.
Douglas Park. Area, 179.79 acres; situated four miles southwest of the
Court-house; bounded on the north by West Twelfth street, on the south by
West Nineteenth street, on the east by California avenue and on the west by
Albany avenue. The district in the vicinity of this park was almost entirely
destitute of residences ten years ago. Within a decade it has been built up,
however, until those who have not visited the section for four or five years,
or even two years, would hardly recognize it as the same. The popularity
of the park, which has always been a beautiful piece of ground, has increased
with the growth of the neighborhood and the improvement of the streets and
drives in the vicinity. Douglas Park is beautifully laid out, well wooded and
admirably situated. It has been cared for nicely of late years, and its lawns
and flower beds bear evidence of skillful and faithful attention. Some of the
avenues through this park are not surpassed by any in the city. The lake
covers an area of seventeen acres. There is a handsome boat-house and
refectory here. Douglas Park also has a medicinal artesian well with prop-
erties similar to those at Garfield and Humboldt Parks. The conservatories
and propagating houses are among the largest of the system. [See Con-
servatories.] Vast improvements are promised for Douglas Park within the
next two years.
CHICAGO AS IT IS. 71
Drexel Boulevard. The eastern entrance to Washington Park commences
at Oakwood boulevard and the junction of Cottage Grove avenue and Thirty-
ninth street. It is a double driveway, 200 feet wide for its entire length,
running south to Drexel avenue and southwest from that point to the park.
Through the center is a wide strip of sward, covered here and there with beau-
tiful shrubs, rose bushes and mounds. Upon the latter, which are interspersed
with flower-beds of beautiful design, appear, during the summer season,
unique figures wrought from flowers and foliage, and which attract thousands
of sightseers annually. At the intersection of Drexel avenue is a magni-
ficeut bronze fountain, presented by the Messrs. Drexel of Philadelphia, in
memory of their father, after whom the boulevard was named. On either side
of the drivewaysare to be seen some of the handsomest mansionsand prettiest
villas of Chicago. At the head of the boulevard, a few steps from the
Cottage Grove avenue cable line, is the "Cottage" from which phaetons start,
at intervals through the day, for a circuit of the South Parks.
Gage Park. Area, 20 acres; situated at the junction of Western avenue
and Garfleld boulevard. It is laid out with trees, and will become a popular
halting or half-way station, when the boulevards which enter it are com-
pleted.
Garfield Boulevard. The first link in the chain which is intended to con-
nect the South Park with the West Park system; 200 feet wide; extends
along Fifty-fifth street from Washington Park to Gage Park, a distance of
about four miles, in a direct westerly course. This boulevard is in good
condition for driving, and soon will be completed. The plan is for a cen-
tral driveway, bordered by grass and rows of trees outside of which there is
to be on one side a roadway for equestrians, aud on the other a carriageway,
the whole to be lined with elm trees.
Garfield Park. Area 185. 87 acres, situated four miles directly west of the
Court-house; bounded by Madison street on the south, Lake -street on the
north, and running a mile and a half west from the head of Washington
boulevard. This was formerly known as Central Park. The name was
changed in memory of President Garfield. The lake in the center of the
park covers an area of 17 acres. The park is extremely picturesque, the drives
and promenades being laid out in the most enchanting manner. The boat-
house is one of the finest to be seen in the park system. There is a hand-
some fountain here, the gift of Mrs. Maricel Talcott, and an artesian well
which furnishes half the city with medicinal mineral water. It is 2,200 feet
deep, and discharges at the rate of 150 gallons per minute. The water is
recommended for anaemia, diseases of the stomach and kidneys, and rheu-
matic disorders. Garfield Park is beautiful as it is, but just at present it is
receiving the attention of West Side citizens, who contemplate making many
improvements. Opposite the west end of the park on Madison street is the West
Side Driving Park; west of the park near the Lake street side are the exten-
sive shops of the West Division Railway Company. Just beyond the park on
Madison street is the Fortieth street power-house of this company, and the
terminus of the Madison street line. Connecting with the cable cars an elec-
tric railway line is now in operation, which carries passengers through the
town of Cicero, out by Austin, Oak Park, the Grant locomotive works and
other attractive points.
Grand Boulevard. The western entrance to Washington park; 198 feet
in width; beginning at Thirty-fifth street and entering the park at its north-
72 GUIDE TO CHICAGO.
western angle. Is bordered by a double colonade of elms and strips of
sward. The road-bed is perfect for driving. On the western side a strip is
reserved for equestrians. Toward the southern end another strip is reserved
for speeding fast horses. It is one of the most fashionable drives in the city.
Following up the avenue connecting with Grand boulevard you are carried
past the "Retreat "and on to the Washington Park Race-track. By keep-
ing on the same course you may return by the flower-beds and back via
Drexel boulevard.
Humboldt Boulevard. This boulevard is not completed nor in such con-
dition as to be worthy of the attention of the visitor. It is intended to con-
nect Lincoln and Humboldt parks. At present the drive between the two
most used is along North avenue; a good street, which touches at the south-
ern extremity of Lincoln and at the northern extremity of Humboldt.
While on this subject if might be well enough to say that the entire system
of western park boulevards are at this time receiving the serious attention of
the public. It is thought that all will be much improved before 1893. [See
West Park Improvement.] Humboldt boulevard as designed will be one of
the most beautiful of the system. Wrightwood avenue will probably be
taken to fill the gap between Lincoln park and the north branch of the Chi-
cago river. As shown in the commissioner's plans, Humboldt boulevard
runs west a mile and a quarter to Logan square, then south one-half mile to
Palmer place, which extending north two blocks opens into a third division
running south three-quarters of a mile into Humboldt park at North avenue.
The boulevard proper will be 250 feet wide; Logan square 400 by 800 feet;
Palmer place 4,000 by 1,750; total length of drive, three miles.
Humboldt Park. Area, 200. 62 acres ; situated fo'ir miles northwest from
the Court House ; bounded on the north by West North avenue ; on the
south by Augusta street ; on the east by North California avenue, and on
the west by North Kedzie avenue. This is one of the prettiest of the West
Side parks. It is laid out beautifully, has a charming lake, splendid avenues;
is clothed in superb foliage, and in the summer season makes a magnificent
display of flowers. Its conservatory is conducted admirably. There is a
mineral artesian well here, 1,155 feet in depth. This park is the popular
resort of the northwestern part of the city, and forms one of the group of
three in the West Division. Immense improvements are contemplated, both
as regards the park proper and its boulevard connections.
Jackson Park. Area, 586 acres ; about eight miles from the Court House;
bounded by Lake Michigan on the east ; Stony Island avenue on the west ;
Fifty-sixth street on the north ; and Sixty-seventh street on the south. This
beautiful park has been brought into great prominence of late by reason of
its selection as the site for a portion of the Columbian Exposition. About
one-third of the park had been improved up to the present year, although
immense works have been in progress for some time in preparing the unim-
proved portion for the public. These works included excavating and dredg-
ing for the chain of lakes which are to have connection with Lake Michigan ;
bridge and breakwater construction ; leveling and embanking, and land-
scape gardening on an extensive scale. The improved portion of the park is
at the northern end. Here there is a broad stretch of sward which has been
used frequently as a parade ground by the militia, and by large picnic parties.
This is surrounded or hemmed in by a wooded avenue of great beauty, which
opens upon a sea-wall and a beautiful view of Lake Michigan. There is
[Engraved for The Standard Guide Company.]
GEO. B. CARPENTER & CO .- FIFTH AVE. AND SOUTH WATER ST.
(See "Guide."]
CHICAGO AS IT IS. 73
erected here an immense shelter, of great architectural beauty, where thou-
sands may, on occasion, be protected either from the heat of the sun or from
a sudden rainfall. The trees and shrubbery in the improved part of the
park, as well as the flowers, are very attractive, although the variety which
one finds in some of the other parks is lacking. The number of trees and
shrubs in the unimproved portion is comparatively small. About Sixty-first
street there is one clump of oaks and maple, shot here and therewith buncheg
of fiery sumac. There is another and a larger grove west and north of this.
Beyond there, except for a few small bunches and a fringe along the west
fence, the unimproved portion is unbroken by wood. Jackson park will
have undergone such alterations before the close of the present year that time
spent in describing it as it is to-day would be time wasted. The opportunity
of making it the grandest park of the system presents itself, and it will
undoubtedly be taken advantage of. [See "World's Columbian Exposi-
tion."]
Jackson Boulevard. West Jackson street from Halsted street to Gar-
field Park has finally been declared a boulevard by the Supreme Court. The
Park Commissioners will have the boulevard fully improved before the close
of 1891.
Lake Shore Drive. This is the grandest boulevard drive in Chicago.
Beginning at the North Side Water- Works on Pine street it skirts the lake to
the northern extremities of Lincoln Park, where it connects with Sheridan
Road, which is nearly completed for 25 miles along the north shore. Before
reaching the park some of the most magnificent mansions in the city are
passed ou the left. On the right is a fringe of sward, dotted with flower-beds
and covered with beautiful foliage in the summer months. The lake beats
against an embankment to the right, and frequently the spray is dashed across
the flower-beds when the sea is high. Reaching the park you pass through
beautiful avenues until you strike the Drive again. Here vast improvements
are being made. Some years ago the State legislature gave the Lincoln
Park Commissioners the right to issue bonds for $300,000 with which
to defend the shore line against the encroachments of storm-tossed
Lake Michigan. With that sum as a nucleus the commissioners designed
and began work on a system of improvements which, when completed,
will have cost a sum many times that raised from the original issue of
bonds. Enough has now been finished to give a general idea of the work as
it will appear when a continuous 3ea-wall will extend from Ohio street to
almost the extreme northern limit of the city. The work was commenced
in the Spring of 1888 at the foot of North avenue. Several hundred feet
out in the lake a line of piles was driven. Powerful dredging-machines were
placed in position and slowly but surely acre after acre was reclaimed from
the lake. It is at this point that the Lake Shore Drive joins the boulevard
now in course of construction. It will be finished this year. The
breakwater proper rests on piles driven thirty-five feet into the sand. On this
foundation granite blocks are Kid and securely cemented. Back of this starts
the paved beach, forty feet in width, slanting at an angle of about twenty
degrees until it meets the granilethtc promenade. This promenade is the
most attractive feature of the improvement and is destined to become famous.
Imagine a twenty-foot promenade, smooth as glass, three miles in length,
with Lake Michigan vainly striving to scale the paved beach to the east of it,
and a grand boulevard lined with carriages to the west of it ; a promenade
commanding on one side a magnificent view of the lake, and on the other a
74 GUIDE TO CHICAGO.
prospective of Lincoln Park with all its natural and acquired beauties. There
is nothing rigid in the lines of the promenade or boulevard. Without
detracting from the attractiveness of the sweeping crescent described by the
sea-wall at Jackson Park, it must be said that the sinuous curves marking the
contour of the Lincoln Park beach, promenade, boulevard and canal, are more
artistic and pleasing. The old shore-line has been followed as nearly as pos-
sible. It is hard to improve on nature. With the shifting sands as the only
obstacle to check their course, the waves have drawn along the beach curves
such as would delight a follower of Hogarth. When they planned the out-
lines of the drive-way the commissioners wisely decided to follow nature.
They have made no mistake. The objective point is Diversey avenue, the
northern limit of the park. Here the regatta course will end, but the sea-
wall and boulevard will be continued by the people of Lake View, who pro-
pose to make the Sheridan Road and the Lake Shore Drive continuous. The
sea-wall will be extended to Byron avenue, opposite Graceland cemetery.
It is thought that the park commissioners will be able to complete their
part of the work by the commencement of next winter. They will then have
added 100 acres to the area of the park, and have given to Chicago a boule-
vard and regatta course unequaled in the world. Between the new boulevard
and the park there will be three connecting points. There will be land con-
nection at the north and south ends of the park and a bridge at a point oppo-
site Webster avenue. The canal will connect with the lake at two points, one
opposite Wisconsin street and the other at Fulton avenue. The boulevard
will cross these connections on steel swinging bridges of a special construction.
It will be several years before the dreams of the designer will be fully realized.
Rows of shade trees will be planted to the east of the boulevard, and between
the trees and the edge of the regatta course the sloping lawn will be beautified
in the highest style of the landscape gardener's art. Between the west shore
of the regatta course and the present Lake Shore Drive is a tract of land now
piled high with stone and pine bark. This will be made one of the finest
features of the park. Planked thus on either side by verdure-decked banks,
the canal will wind its sinuous course towards what was Fisher's garden.
At no point will this placid stretch of water be less than 150 feet in
width, while the average is nearer 200. At the ends it is widened to 350
feet, so as to permit boats to make a sweeping turn. Hardly less
important is the improvement contemplated by the Lincoln Park Com-
missioners and the property owners Mho own the land fronting the
lake between Elm and Oak streets. The sea-wall ends at Elm street on the
south. With it the Lake Shore Drive practically comes to an end. The
problem which has ever confronted the boards of park commissioners is to
connect the North and South Side boulevard systems. In a recent message
to the city council. Mayor Cregier suggested that Michigan boulevard be con-
nected with a viaduct extending over the Illinois Central tracks and crossing
the river at some point between Rush street and the lake. An expensive plan,
there seems to be no other available. It is proposed to swing the boulevard
out into the lake, starting at Elm street. It will curve out 1,000 feet from the
present line and strike the existing beach at the foot of Ohio street. The Lake
Shore Drive has for years been the fashionable rendezvous of the North Side.
Thousands of carriages linethe beautiful embankmenton summerafternoons.
Lincoln Park. Area, 250 acres, two and a half miles in width by one and
a half miles in length; bounded by Lake Michigan on the east; Clark street
on the west; North avenue on the south, and Diversey street on the south.
CHICAGO AS IT IS. 75
The southern portion was formerly a cemetery. The tomb of the Couch
family remains; all others were long since removed. First board of commis-
sioners appointed in 1869, since which time it has been under State super-
vision. There is embraced within this small piece of territory perhaps more
attractions than can be found in any park of the country. "Where nature left
off art began, and the two have contributed toward making Lincoln Park the
most charming in the city. The visitor will be delighted with the undulating
character of the ground, the gracefully winding and curving avenues, which
stretch out in every direction; the beautiful lakes, the handsome bridges, the
splendid foliage, the magnificent statuary, the gorgeous banks, beds and
avenues of choicest flowers, the rare and wonderful shrubbery, the pretty
little dells, knolls and nooks, that lie half concealed beneath the noble trees, and
last, though not least, with the zoological collection, which has contributed in
no small degree toward making Lincoln Park famous. Here we find the
Grant monument, facing Lake Michigan on the Lake Shore drive. This mag-
nificent work of art was presented by the citizens of Chicago, and cost $100,000.
Here, also, is the Lincoln statue, by St. Gaudieur, facing the main entrance,
a splendid likeness of the great president, and pronounced one of the
finest pieces of sculpture in the world. This statue cost $50.000, and
was presented, together with a drinking fountain, by the late Eli Bates.
Here, also, are the "Indian Group'"' in bronze, presented ^by the late
Martin Ryerson; the La Salle monument, presented by Lambert Tree,
and the Schiller monument, presented by German residents of Chicago.
An entire day may be spent pleasantly by the visitor in Lincoln Park. The
great conservatories, flower beds and zoological collection, can hardly be seen
in less time. There is a comfortable refectory in the boat-house on the main
lake. Boats may be rented at 25 cents an hour.
Lincoln Park Palm-House. The plan of the new palm-house just erected at
Lincoln Park, drawn by Architect Silsbee, shows a beautiful structure of steel
and glass, light, airy and picturesque, sixty feet high, resting upon a bowlder
foundation of split granite. The main building is 168x70 feet, with a rear exten-
sion of seventy feet, making the entire length of the structure 238 feet. In front
of the main building there is to be alobby 25x60 feet, which isapproached by a
vestibule twenty feet square. The interior of the main building shows an
unbroken stretch, save a few light supporting iron columns for the glass roof.
The conservatory is in the rear of the palm house. It is thirty feet wide. At
the extreme north end is a room 30x60 feet, which will be exclusively devoted
to the culture of orchids. This room will be further beautified by a sort of
observatory tower built of pressed brick and terra-cotta trimmings. The
building will be erected on two terraces northeast of the present canal vista
and the animals' summer quarters. The terraces occupy the space due north
of the present green-houses. The latter structure will be removed as soon as
the new palm-house is completed. The main approach to the palm-house will
be from the floral gardens. The new house will cost $60,000.
Michigan Avenue Boulevard. Michigan avenue, from .lackson street on
the north to Thirty-fifth street on the south, a distance of three and a quarter
miles. It is 100 feetwide from curb to curb, and skirts the Lake Front Park,
the site for a portion of the Columbian Exposition. Formerly the ultra fash-
ionable residence street of the city. Now undergoing a transformation. [See
"Michigan Avenue."]
Midway Plaisance. Area, 80 acres; a woodland drive connecting Wash-
76 GUIDE TO CHICAGO.
ington with Jackson Park, and, although unimproved to any extent \vorth
mentioning up to this year, one of the most beautiful and romantic avenues
within the park system. It runs between Fifty-ninth and Sixtieth streets,
and is one and one-tenth miles in length. The Midway Plaisance, with
adjoining lands added, will become the site of a portion of the Columbian
Exposition. The plans for improvement during the next two years are elab-
orate. [See "World's Columbian Exposition.' j
North and South Side Viaduct. If a great viaduct instead of a sub-
way is decided upon it will take the following route: Beginning at
a point on St Clair street south of Ohio, at a point where the
Sheridan drive now terminates, the viaduct of solid masonry work fifty feet
wide, exclusive of pedestrian ways on each side, takes its rise. South on St.
Clair to Michigan street, thence southwestwardly across Michigan street and
the parallel railroad tracks; thence south along and over a private street
between Kirk's soap factory and the McCormick, thence by a drawbridge
across the river and by a long span across the Goodrich steamer docks to
Front street, west on Front to a private street which is a continuation of Cen-
tral avenue, and south along this private street and Central avenue to the
Randolph street viaduct, at which point it begins to fall. By easy stages from
the viaduct in a southwestwardly direction, the new viaduct is traced across
the northwest corner of the unimproved part of the Lake Front Park to Mich-
igan avenue and Washington street, where it comes to the level of the avenue.
Oakwood Boulevard. Connects Drexel and Grand boulevard*; 100 feet
wide and half -a mile long. It enters Grand boulevard at Thirty-ninth
street, and touches Drexel boulevard at its intersection with Cottage Grove
avenue,
Ogden Boulevard. Running southwest from the junction of West Twelfth
street boulevard and Oakley avenue. Not yet completed, but being rapidly
pushed forward. It will connect Ashland and West Twelfth street boule-
vards with Douglas Park.
Thirty-Fifth Street Boulevard. The connecting link between Grand and
Michigan avenue boulevards; sixty-six feet wide and one-third of a mile in
length.
Union Park. Area, 14.3 acres; situated one and three-quarter miles
directly west of the Court House; bounded by Warren avenue on the south,
Lake street on the north, Ogden avenue on the east and Ashland avenue on
the west. This park, one of the oldest in the city, only passed into the hands
of the Park Commissioners a few years ago. Since then it has undergone many
alterations and improvements. On the northeast corner of the park stands
the headquarters of the West Park Board. The lake has recently been
enlarged and rebedded; many unsightly mounds have been cut away, and
every year will add to its attractiveness in the future. The portion of the
park, through which Washington boulevard passes, is laid out in flower beds.
This is one of themost popular West Side breathing places in thesummer, and
on Sundays it is usually crowded.
Washington Boulevard. The continuation of West Washington street,
west from Halsted street to Garfield Park, and the driveway from the center
of the city to the parks and boulevards of the West Park System. Passes
through Union Park, a beautiful square. This boulevard is lined for the
entire distance of nearly three miles with handsome residences. Large shade
trees and a continuous strip of green sward fringe either side of the avenue.
CHICAGO AS IT IS. 77
On Washington boulevard are many fine church edifices. The Chicago
Theological Seminary is passed at Union Park and Warren avenue; the
Episcopalian Seminary on the north side, west of California avenue.
Washington Park, Area, 371 acres; situated about one and a quarter
miles west of Lake Michigan and about six and a half miles southeast of the
Court House; bounded on the east by Eankakee avenue, on the west by Cot-
tage Grove avenue, on the north by Fifty-first street and on the south by Six-
tieth street. The finest of Chicago's parks, more by reason of its magnificent
entrances, Drexel and Grand boulevards, than by any great natural or artificial
attraction of its own, although its flower beds are the most beautiful of any.
It lacks many of the advantages which are enjoyed by Lincoln and Jackson
Parks, the contiguity of the lake being of itself one of the greatest charms of
the two last named. " It can not boast of a zoological garden that will com-
pare with Lincoln Park's, nor of the magnificent monuments that are making
the north shore park classical ground. But South Park has statelier trees,
grander avenues, more sweeping perspectives, more charming drives than any
other park in the city. It has the jamous "Meadow, "a stretch of velvety
sward that covers 100 acres and the " Mere," with its thirteen acres of water,
picturesquely sparkling behind long lines of ancient oaks and elms, and bath-
ing the emerald banks of the mounds and knolls which almost conceal it from
the view of the passing visitor. It has also its great conservatory [see
Conservatories] and its splendid stables, which cover 325x200 feet, and
through which you will be driven if you take a park phaeton. It has its
delightful refectory, known as the " Retreat," where refreshments are served
for man and beast, but its flower gardens are its greatest boas-t, and here the
visitor will pause the longest, for the angle in front of the flower house is
probably the most seductive spot Chicago has to offer the lover of the beauti-
ful in nature. Here you will find, during the months between May and
November, the best exhibition of the landscape gardening art in the world.
Flowers and foliage are made to do, in the hands of the gardener, what the
brush and palette accomplish for the artist. The designs are changed annu-
ally, and are always original, always interesting and always lovely. An
entire day can be very pleasantly spent in Washington Park.
West Twelfth Street Boulevard. West from Ashland avenue to Oakley
avenue, were it connects with Ogden boulevard, which runs in a southwest-
erly direction to Douglas Park. This boulevard is planted with a double
row of trees and parked through the center, street cars and traffic teams tak-
ing the roadways on either side. It is a splendid driveway and is becoming
more and more popular every year.
Western Avenue Boulevard. A zig-zag boulevard is projected to connect
Douglas Park with Western avenue, which it is proposed to boulevard south
to Gage Park. From the latter point, a boulevard is to extend east to Wash-
ington Park, thus connecting the West and South Side park systems. For
some inscrutable reason the east and west boulevard last mentioned is called
Garfield, probably with the idea in view of creating still more confusion in
the nomenclature of streets, which is confused badly enough now to be a con- \
slant annoyance to residents. How strangers will be able to grapple with the
intricacies of street, avenue and boulevard names is uncertain. The boule-
vard known as Western avenue is not beyond the point of projection, and
neither is the boulevard known as Garfield, but it is probable that the com-
pletion of these connecting links will now be hastened, as they will open up a
driveway from the great southwestern portion of the city to the Columbian
Exposition ite. [See Map.]
78 GUIDE TO CHICAGO.
City Parks. There are a number of small but very pretty parks scattered
throughout the city, not under the control of the State Park Commissioners.
These are maintained at the expense of the municipal government. Many of
them, as a matter of fact, are of far more importance to the neighborhoods in
which they are situated than the larger and more pretentious ones. Among
these are the following: On the South Side: Lake Park, known more
familiarly as the Lake Front ; bounded by Lake Michigan on the east,
Michigan avenue boulevard on the west, Randolph street on the north and Park
place on the south. From Randolph street to Madison has been vacant in
the past; the space between Madison and Jackson has been covered with
the B. & O. railroad passenger depot, the First Regiment Armory, Battery D
Armory and the Inter-State Exposition buildings; and the space between
Jackson street and Park place only has been improved as a park . The area of
the park proper is forty -one acres. This is all made ground, having been
recovered from the lake by filling in with the debris of the great fire. Lake
Park has come into prominence of late by reason of its having been selected
as the site of a portion of the Columbian Exposition [see ' ' World's Columbian
Exposition "1. The park has been very popular with the business people of
the South Side, not because of its attractions, but rather on account of the
large area of free breathing space which it gives contiguous to the business
center. Groveland twdWoodlawn parks adjoin each other on Cottage Grove
avenue, near Thirty third street. Take Cottage Grove avenue car. These
parks, together with the University grounds, which were opposite, were a
gift from the Hon. Stephen A. Douglas. The University has been aban-
doned, and the buildings removed. [See " University of Chicago."] The
Dearborn Observatory, which was formerly attached to the University, has
become a part of the Northwestern University at Evanston, the great tele-
scope having been transferred to the care of that college by the trustees.
[See Northwestern University.] Douglas Monument Square; area, 2.02 acres;
situatedon the Lake shore, between Thirty-fourth and Thirty-fif thstreets, and
close to the two parks last mentioned. Take Illinois Central train to Thirty-
fifth street. Here stands the mausoleum and monument to Stephen A.
Douglas [See "Douglas Monument"], a pretty little square; from which a
splendid view of Lake Michigan may be obtained. Ellis Park; area, 3.38
acres; situated four miles south of the Court House; between Vincennes and
Cottage Grove avenues, at Thirty-seventh street. Aldine Square; area, 1.44
acres; situated at Thirty-seventh street and Vincennes avenue, which is
surrounded by beautiful private residences, and a number of other smaller
squares and parks, farther to the south. West Side: Jefferson Park, area, 5.5
acres; situated between Adams street on the south, Monroe street on the
north, Throop street on the east and Loomis street on the west. Take Adams
street car to Centre avenue or Madison street cable line to Throop street. A
beautiful and popular little park, with many attractive features. Vernon
Park; area, 4 acres; situated between Gilpin place on the south, Macalister
place on the north, Centre avenue on the east and Loomis street on the west.
Two miles from the Court House. Take Adams street or West Taylor street
cars. Wicker Park; area, 4 acres; situated in the triangle between Park,
North Robey and Fowler streets; three miles northwest from the Court
House. Take Milwaukee avenue cable line. North Side: Washington
Square; area, 2.25 acres; situated between North Clark street, Dearborn
avenue, Lafayette place and Washington place. This is a popular resort for
North Siders who do not care to go as far as Lincoln Park, and for children.
CHICAGO AS IT IS. 79
There are other parks and squares not mentioned here, such as Campbell and
Congress parks on the West Side and Dearborn park on the South Side. The
former has no attractions for the visitor. The latter is fenced in and is the
proposed site of the new Public Library building. Its area is 1.43 acres,
and it is situated on Michigan avenue, facing east, between Dearborn and
Washington streets, opposite the jiorth end of the Lake Front.
West Side Park Improvement. A committee of one hundred West Side
residents has in charge the matter of improving the West Side parks and
boulevards immediately. The step the property owners believe it necessary
to take is the issuance of not less than $1,000,000 in bonds and the levying of
a tax of not less than six mills. The' improvements contemplated are as fol-
lows: The total length of Humboldt boulevard as planned is 13,238^ lineal
feet, comprising an area of ninety acres. Logan square is 4GO feet wide, and
Palmer square is the same. From Palmer square to North avenue the boule-
vard is, for a considerable distance, 317 feet wide. Humboldt Park contains
over two hundred acres. While less than half is improved and beautified at
present, the whole is to be brought under the hand of the artist and land-
scape architect within the next two years. Of the two and one-half miles of
public streets fronting on Humboldt Park, but one and one-half miles are at
present improved. The new plans contemplate the improvement and .orna-
mentation of the whole distance. Central boulevard, from Augusta street
to Grand avenue, a distance of 890 feet, is 400 feet wide; from Grand avenue
to Sacramento square, a distance of 2,206 feet, it is 263 feet wide. Sacra-
mento square is to be a 400 foot square, and from that point the boulevard is
tobe 250 feet wide until it reaches Central Park square, which is a distance
of 3, 662 feet. Central Park square is to be a 400-foot square. The seventy-
five acres of uniiri proved grounds in Garfield Park are to be put in splendid
order, and the three miles of unimproved public streets surrounding it are to
be put in much better shape than the quarter of a mile of the same already
improved. Douglas boulevard will be 250 wide from Colorado avenue to
the square south of Twelfth street, which is a distance of 4,077 feet. The
square will be the usual 400 feet, and the boulevard from that point to Doug-
las Park will be 250 feet wide. Douglas Park has ninety-six and a half acres
improved and eighty-three and a half acres unimproved. The latter is to be
beautified under the new plans, and all the public streets which surround the
park are to undergo a transformation. Southwestern boulevard will be 250
feet wide from the park to the east turn, which is a distance of 2.950 feet,
and will run a uniform width for its whole length of 11,148 feet. The plans
also include the addition of many attractions to the parks. These will
include lakes in the now unimproved portions, buildings for the accommoda-
tion of visitors, cafes, boating facilities, lawns, flowers, trees and pavilions. Tn
short, the system when completed will be the finest in the world. The tot id
length of all the boulevards ouside of the parks, as planned under the new
order of things, is nearly eighteen miles. This will make the whole drive on
the West Side nearly twenty-two miles.
POLICE DEPARTMENT.
The police department of the city of Chicago is under the official control
of the mayor and is conducted by a general superintendent (Robert W.
McClaughrey); an assistant superintendent (George W. Hubbard); a secretary
80 GUIDE TO CHICAGO.
with the rank of captain (Jos. B. Shepard); a private secretary to the general
superintendent (Thomas L. Perkine); a chief inspector (Fred. H. Marsh); four
division inspectors (Lyman Lewis, commanding the first division; Nicholas
Hunt, commanding the second division; Alexander 8. Ross, commanding the
third division, and Michael J. Bchaack, commanding the fourth division) ;
16 captains, 52 lieutenants, 56 patrol sergeants and 86 desk sergeants. The
total force, including officers and men, number 8,503.
Bureau, of Identification. This bureau is in charge of Michael P. Evans,
who has held the position almost continuously for the past 11 years. Under
his management and by the aid of his valuable assistants (Geo. M. Porteous,
Victor George, Andrew Rohan, Edgar Marsh, Sidney Wetmore and Walter
Mueller), the bureau has become a valuable adjunct of the detective depart-
ment. It contains the pictures of more than 12,000 criminals; many of them
the most noted criminals in the country. The Bertillon system of measure-
ments was adopted by the department some years ago, and is conducted
by Geo. M. Porteous, whose knowledge of the system was acquired under ttie
instruction of M. Bertillon, the father of the system at Paris, France. The
Bureau now contains'the measurements of about 4,000 criminals.
" Central Detail." This old, familiar title, as applied to those policemen
who do -patrol duty during the day time in the central part of the city, at
bridges, railroad depots, street crossings, etc., has been abolished. The Cen-
tral Detail police are now attached to the " First Precinct, First District, First
Division." This precinct patrols that portion of the South Division of the
city lying north of the center of Van Buren street. It contains the greater
portion of the wholesale mercantile and banking interests of the city, and has
an area of about one square mile of territory, containing about 40,000 inhab-
itants. The command at present includes the following officers; 1 captain,
3 lieutenants, 3 patrol sergeants, 3 desk sergeants, 164 patrolmen on permanent
post duty, 57 patrolmen on patrol duty, 2 patrolmen in plain dress, 4 patrol-
men detailed in signal service, 3 patrolmen detailed as vehicle inspectors, 1
patrolman detailed on licences. Total, 241.
Cost of Maintenance. The amount appropriated for the maintenance of
the Police Department in 1891 was, for salaries, new sites for buildings and
for miscellaneous expenses, about $3,000,000.
Detective Department. The Detective department and Bureau of Identi-
fication (Rogues Gallery) is under the control of Chief Inspector F. H. Marsh,
with headquarters at the City Hall. The force consists of 1 Chief Inspector,
1 Captain (John Shea), 1 Detective Sergeant (L. Hass), and 50 Detective
Sergeants. They are not uniformed. Under the present organization the
department has become very effective and has done some very fine detective
work for which they have been very highly complimented.
Division Headquarters and Precincts: The following are the Division
Headquarters, with commanding officers and precincts as established in 1892
First Division: Inspector, Lyman Lewis. Headquarters, Harrison and
Pacific Avenue. 1st District, 1st Precinct, City Hall, formerly the central
detail. 2nd District, 2nd Precinct, Harrison and Pacific Ave. 2nd District,
3rd Precinct, 22nd and Wentworth Ave. 2nd District, 4th Precinct, 2523
Cottage Grove Ave. 3rd District, 5th Precinct, 144 35th St. (Stanton Ave.)
3rd District, 6th Precinct, Thirty-fifth near Halsted. 3rd District, 7th Pre-
CHICAGO AS IT IS. 81
cinct, 2913 Deering St. 3rd District. 8th Precinct, (Brighton Park,) Califor-
nia Ave., near 38th St. 3rd District, 9th Precinct, .
Second Division: Inspector, Nicholas Hunt. Headquarters, 53rd St. and
Lake Ave. 4th District, 10th Precinct, 53rd and Lake Ave. 4th District,
llth Precinct, 50th and State St. 5th District, 12th Precinct (Woodlawn
Station,) 321 63rd St. 5th District, 13th Precinct (Grand Crossing,) Dobson
Ave bet. 75th and 76th Sts. 5th District, 14th Precinct (Kensington,) Ken-
sington Ave. and Front St. 6th District, 15th Precinct (South Chicago,) 93rd
and So. Chicago Ave. 6th District, 16th Precinct, (Hegewisch, 134th St. and
Superior Ave. 7th District, 17th Precinct (Englewood,)64th St. and Went-
worth Ave. 7th District, 18th Precinct, to be opened at 86th St. and Vin-
cennes Ave. 8th District, 19th Precinct, Mattson and Halsted Sts. 8th Dis-
trict, 20th Precinct,
Third Division: Inspector, A? S. Ross. Headquarters, Desplaines and
Waldo Place. 9th District, 21st Precinct, Morgan and Maxwell St. 9th Dis-
trict, 22ud Precinct, Canalport Ave. near Halsted. 9th District, 23rd Pre-
cinct, cor. Hinman and Paulina Sts. 9th District, 24th Precinct, West 13th
St. near Oakley Ave. 9lh District, 25th Precinct (Lawndale.) 9th District,
26th Precinct. 10th District, 27th Precinct, Desplaines St. near Waldo
Place. 10th District, 28th Precinct, 609 W. Lake St. 10th District, 29th
Precinct, 256 Warren Ave. 10th District, 30th Precinct, W. Lake and.43rd St.
10th District, 31st Precinct,
Fourth Division: Inspector, M. J. Schaack Headquarters, E. Chicago
Ave. Station, llth District, 32nd Precinct, 233 W. Chicago Ave. llth Dis-
trict, 33rd Precinct, 99 W. North Ave. llth District, 34th Precinct, W.
North Ave. near Milwaukee Ave. llth District, 35th Precinct, Milwaukee
Ave., and Attrell St. llth District, 36th Precinct (Irving Park,) Milwau-
kee Ave. and Irving Park Blvd. llth District, 37th Precinct. 12th
District, 38th Precinct, E. Chicago Ave., near N. Clark St. 12th District,
39th Precinct, Larrabee St. and North Ave. 12th District, 40th Precinct,
958 N. Halsted St. 13th District, 41st Precinct (Lake View,) Sheffield Ave.,
near Diversey St. 13th District, 42nd Precinct; Halsted and Addison Sts.
13th District, 43rd Precinct,
Headquarters. The headquarters of the^ police department are located in
the City Hall.
Police Matrons. There are twenty-five matrons each receiving $630 per
annum, they are employed at the principal precinct stations to care for
females and children arrested. Under Chief McClaugh/ey an advisory board
has been organized composed of ladies selected by the different women's
organizations in the city, whose dnty it is to investigate and report to the
General Superintendent the manner in which these matrons perform their
duty, and to recommend such improvements as they deem proper.
Patrol System. The Patrol Wagon system, which is worked to perfec-
tion in this city, had its origin in Chicago. From the patrol boxes located at
convenient corners, or by telephone from any point, place of business or
residence, a patrol wagon containing from four to eight police officers may
be summoned at any hour of the day or night. The response is quick, sur-
prisingly so to strangers, who are always interested in its operation. The
telephone and telegraph are constantly employed in connection with the
police system of Chicago, and some arrests of dangerous and notorious
82 GUIDE TO CHICAGO.
characters have been made within recent months by the operations of this
system that could not have been accomplished under the old methods. The
patrol service is also an ambulance corps, and renders valuable assistance in
rescuing the injured in accidents, or in carrying to hospitals those who are
suddenly stricken with illness. Besides the patrol wagons there are two
regular ambulances connected with the department, and others are to be
added. The number of patrol wagons in the service is 35.
Policemen's Benevolent Association. Condition at d)se of 1891:
Cash on hand January 1, 1891 $11,456
Receipts during 1891 62,915
Total ...$74 ,371
Expenditures during 1891 $67,558
Balance January 1. 189.i 6,813
The number of members in the association January 1, 1892, was 1,643.
The officers for 1891 are: President, Sergt William Dollard; Vbe-Presi-
dent, Sorgt. Rudolph Sanderson: Treasurer, Michael Brennan; Recording
Secretary, Daniel Hogan; Financial Secretary, William S. McGuire.
POPULATION STATISTICS.
The present ratio of gain in the population of the city of Chicago is
estimated at 1,000 per week. In the last twenty -two months, or, say ninety
weeks intervening between the time of the completion of the school census,
in June, 1890, and the present time, April, 1892, 90,000pers >ns would, there-
fore, be added to the population of the city. The school census figures were
1,208,669. Add 90,000, and we have 1,298,669. Add additions to population
by annexation, since June, 1890, say 10,000, and we have 1,308,669. It is
perfectly safe, therefore, to claim for Chicago in the spring of 1892, in
round numbers, a population of ONK MILLION THREE HUNDRED THOUSAND.
The statements which follow are all based upon the last school census returns.
Nationalities Represented. Chicago is a thoroughly cosmopolitan city.
Less than one-fourth of her people are of American birth fully one-third
of the 292,463 native-born citizens are of immediate foreign extraction. The
following is a careful estimate of the nationalities represented.
American 292,463
German .. 384,958
Irish 215,531
Bohemian 54,209
Polish 52,756
Swedish 45,877
Norwegian 44,615
English 33,785
French li.HW
Scotch 11,927
Welsh ...* 2.96H
Russian 9,977
Danes 9,891
Italians 9,921
Hollanders 4,912
Hungarians 4,827
Swiss 2,735
Roumanians 4,350
Canadians 0,PM)
Belgians 682
Greeks 698
Spanish 97
Portuguese 34
East Indians 28
West Indians
Sandwich Islanders 31
Mongolians 1,217
1,208,669
CHICAGO AS IT IS.
83
Population by Divisions. According to the census of 1880 the South
Division had a population of 127,266, the West Division 276,321, and the
North Division 99,717. Between 1880 and 1889 the West gained rapidly on
the other sides, until, before the annexation of adjoining towns, it was esti-
mated to contain two-thirds of all the inhabitants in the city. The acquisi-
tion of the populous towns of Hyde Park and Lake, on the South, and Lake
View and Jefferson, on the North, by the vote of 1889, however, swelled the
population of these divisions to a point which considerably weakened the
ascendency of the West Division.
Growth by Wards. In order to illustrate the rapidity with which the
population of Chicago increases, the following tables, showing the increase
in the inhabitants of the different wards between 1888 and 1890 is given.
Comparison is made between the school census returns of both years:
Ward.
Population in
1890.
Population in
1888.
Increase.
1
44,897
30,652
30,511
31,415
40,642
45,199
45,699
36,539
41,411
42,925
37,182
52,127
37,501
40,724
42,342
58.69P
28,333
3\126
48,590
27,126
35,335
36,505
41,519
35,120
32,333
26,964
28,052
26,236
40,067
40,513
36,398
33,497
36,592
33,435
32,298
' 40,536
32,023
31,350
29,761
50,750
24,589
31.667
41,671
22,597
30,620
32,283
38,579
3;), 141
12,564
3,688
2,459
5,179
675
4,687
9,301
3,342
4,819
9,490
4,884
11,591
5,478
9,374
12.681
7,949
3,744
4,459
6,919
4,715
4,529
4,222
2,940
4,979
2
3 ...
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
2i
23...
24
These are the old wards. The population of the new wards must be com-
pared with the population of the townships in which they are situated.
Townships.
Wards.
LakeVieiv ] ||
Jefferson 27
Partof Cicero 28
(29
Lake ^30
1 31
(32
HydePark ^33
(34
Population
in 1890.
23,788
28,003
11,368
8,785
31,139
49,718
21,586
29,412
29,236
29,611
Population
in 1888.
1 46,164
11,552
6,850
1 84,585
i 67,062
Increase.
5,627
1,935
17,860
11,191
The large increase in the population of Jefferson was due to the fact that a
great portion of it, containing about 4,000 persons, was annexed during 1889.
84 GUIDE TO CHICAGO.
Following is the population by Divisions, according to the school census
of 1890:
Total population of South Division, comprising the South Town wards
and those of Lake and Hyde Park, male, 222,077; female, 191,845; total.
413,922.
Total population West Division, comprising the West Town wards and
Twenty-eighth ward (annexed portion of Cicero), male, 297,722; female.
258,261; total, 555,983.
Total population North Division, comprising the North Side wards and
those of Lake Visw and Jefferson, male, 126,091; female, 112,673; total
238,764.
Population Summary. Of the 1,208,669 inhabitants in Chicage in 1890,
645,890 were males and 562,779 were females. There were 735,435 persons
over 21 years of age, of whom 409,676 were males and 325,759 were females.
The total number of persons under 21, 473,204 ; 236,214 being males and
237,020 being females. The number of school children between 6 and 14
was males, 84,272 ; females, 81,344 ; total 165,621 . The total number of chil-
dren under 6 was 183,801. The blind numbered 183 ; deaf and dumb, 427
males, 203 ; females, 224. The total number of pupils in private schools was
39,906 ; total number of pupils in public schools 135,551. The total number
of children under 21 who had finished their studies was 35,246, while there
were 35,246 who had to work but would have attended school had they an
opportunity. The total number between 12 and 21 who could not read
or write English was but 2,599, of whom 1,200 were males. The total
number between 6 and 14 who did not attend school was 6,216. The colored
people of all ages in the city were 14,490 7,932 males, 6,558 females. The
Mongolians numbered 1,217, of whom only 10 were females. The population
of the annexed districts was 262,640, as against 216,213 in 1889, and within
the old city boundaries 946,029, as against 802,651 in 1889.
Population of Cook County. The population of Cook County, 111., in
which Chicago is situated, according to the United States Census of June, 1890,
was 1, 189,258 against 607,524 in 1880. This is grossly incorrect. The pop-
ulation of the county outside of the city is not less than 100,000, which, added
to the estimate of 1,300,000 for the city at the present time, makes the
population of Cook county 1,400,000.
Population of Illinois. The population of Illinois, according to the
United States census of June, 1890, was 3,801,285, which gave her the third
place among the States of the Union New York ranking first and Pennsyl-
vania, second. By census districts the count was as follows :
First District 1,226,292
Second District 342,500
Third District 393,155
Fourth District 400,092
Fifth District 370,000
I Sixth District 384,928
Seventh District 382,940
Eighth District 352,378
Total 3,801,285
If the error made in the count of Chicago, which is included in the first
district, be taken into account, and the gain in population since June, 1890,
be added, the population of Illinois in April, 1891, can be fairly said to exceed
four millions.
*/.''
Of j
31 f y
CHICAGO AS IT IS. 85
POST-OFFICE.
The limits or jurisdiction of the postmaster of the Chicago Post-office
covers leas than one-third of the area of the city proper, the outlying post-
offices being entirely distinctive, and having postmasters of their own. [See
" Outlying Chicago Post-Offices."] The central or general office is located
in the business portion of the city. It has eleven carrier stations and twenty
sub-postal stations, distributed at various points within said jurisdiction.
The force employed consists of about 769 regular carriers, 200 substitute
carriers, 842 regular clerks, sixty substitute clerks, and about 90 persons in
charge of Sub Stations and Stamp Agencies, making a total of 1701 paid
employes. Of this force, 105 carriers, 57 horses and 52 wagons are employed
in the collection of the mail from the street letter-boxes.
Branch Offices. The city branch post-offices, or sub-stations, are located
as follows : North Division Station, 355 and 359 N. Clark, N. W. corner of
Oak, Supt. Theodore Stemming; Northwest Station, 51 7 Milwaukee av.,Supt.
W. L. Householder; West Division Station, W. Washington, cor. S. Halsted,
Supt. John Davy ; West Madison Street Station, 981 W. Madison, Supt. R.F.
Taylor; Southwest Station, 543 Blue Island ave., Supt. John Vanderpoel; South
Division Station, 3217 State, Supt. Joseph Harvey ; Cottage Grove Station,
3704 Cottage Grove ave., Supt. Peter H. Witt ; Stock Yard Station, S. Hal-
sted cor. 42d, Supt. Frank H. Ketchum ; Lake View Station, 1353 Diversey
ave., Supt. Hbnry Bonnefoi ; Humboldt Park Station, 1576 Milwaukee ave.,
Supt. Henry Spink ; Hyde Park Station, 142 Fifty-third, Supt. H. A.
Phillips. Sub-Postal Stations : Twenty-second Street Station, 86 Twenty-
second, Supt. E. F. Brooks ; Ogden Avenue Station, 324 Ogden ave., Supt.
Wm. E. Waite.
City Delivery. Free delivery of letters by faithful carriers will be secured
by having the letters addressed to the street and number.
Closing of Foreign Mails Foreign visitors will be guided by the following
rules of the closing of mails: Mails for Great Britain and Ireland dispatched
in closed bags as follows: Sundays, Mondays and Thursdays via New York,
close 4 P. M. For Denmark, Norway and Sweden, dispatched in closed
bags, Sundays, Mondays amd Thursdays close 4 p. M. For Germany, dis-
patched in closed bags, Mondays and Thursdays. For China, Japan, New
Zealand, Australia, Sandwich Islands, Fiji Islands, Samoa, and special
addressed matter for Siam, close daily at 2 p. M., sent to San Francisco for
dispatch in closed bags from that office. Note: Mails for countries not
named above close daily 4 p. M. and are sent to New York for dispatch in
the closed bags from that office. For Canada, Province Ontario and Quebec,
close 7 A. M. and 8 p. M. daily except Sunday, Sunday 5 p. M. Hamilton
(city), Ontario, Toronto (city), Ontario, special despatch close daily at 2:30 P. M.
Quebec, London special dispatch close daily 10 A. M. Mail for above points
close Sundays 5 p. M. For Nova Scotia, New Brunswick, Prince Edward's
Island and Newfoundland close daily at 8:15 A. M. and 7 and 8 P. M. For
British Columbia and Manitoba, close daily at 2 A. M. Foreign postage
tables will be found in the public lobbies of the main and branch offices.
For Mexico, close daily at 8:15 A. M, and 8 P. M.
86
GUIDE TO CIICAGO.
Increase of Business. The following shows the business of the Chicago
Post-office for the five years ending Jan'y 1, 1892, and the probable increase,
providing the same ratio is maintained for the five years ending June 30,
1895:
GROSS REVENUE.
GKOSS DISBURSE-
MENTS.
Amount.
Increase
per cent.
Amount.
Increase
per cent.
1885
1836
$1,930,363
2,0; 6,274
2,226,841
2,470,439
2.7S4,304
H,126,?40
3,445,75?
' ' ' f-'.o
10.0
11.0
12.7
12.3-
10.2
$ 726,860
769,441
8^6,146
868,782
964,418
1,131,474
1,2,17,832
6.9
8.7
3.9
11.0
17.3
9.4
1887
1888
1889
189!)
1891
COMING FOUR YEARS.
18!) i
| $3,797,233
10.2 1 1
$1 354 188|
9 4
1893
4 184 539
10 2 II
1 481 4811
9 4
1894
4,611,361
10.2
1,620,740
94
1895
5,081,198
10.2 1
1,773,0491
94
In this table the rate of increase is estimated by the same method adopted
in reference to the New York office. But, unless all expectations prove delu-
sive, the increase in the receipts of the Chicago office will far outrun these
figures. It would not surprise any observer of the growth of Chicago and
the expansion of its business, if these should be so accelerated during the
next two years from natural causes and by reason of the World's Fair that
the receipts of this post-office for the year ending June 30, 1893 should bound
up to $6.000,000. In that event, which is entirely within probability, the
urgency for increased post-office accommodations to take care of such busi-
ness is 50 per cent, greater here than in New York, for our local office is
already accomplishing more with proportionately less facilities and expendi-
tures than is the New York office.
Inspector's Department. Located Room 93 of Post-office building:
Inspector, James E. Stuart, in charge of Chicago Division, comprising the
States of Illinois, Iowa, Michigan, Wisconsin, Minnesota and Dakota. Assis-
tants : Angrew Irle, Miss Lenore Mooney, Herbert Towlson. The
Inspector in charge has fifteen Inspectors under his supervision with 10,000
postmasters and their innumerable employes to look after. All cases of
irregularities, depredations or violations of postal laws, should be reported to
the Inspector. [There is a very general misconception of the duties of the
Inspector. He is in reality the' personal representative of the Postmaster-
General. To him is submitted all matters concerning the management of
Post Offices, the establishment of new Offices, the plans of new buildings, the
bonds of Post Musters, the fitness of applicants, etc., etc. The work on dep-
redations is but a small part of the volume of business done bvtlie Inspectoral
Chicago. Major James E. Stuart, the present Inspector at this point, has
been connected with the department for fifteen years, and is recognized as
one of the most efficient officers in the service.
CHICAGO AS IT IS. 87
International Money Order System. Orders can be obtained upon any
money-order office in Great Britain and Ireland, Germany, Austria, Belgium,
Holland, Denmark, Sweden, Norway, Switzerland, Italy, Canada, France,
Algeria, Japan, Portugal, The Hawaiian Kingdom, Jamaica, New Zealand,
New South Wales, Hungary, Egypt, and Hong Kong, India and Tasmania,
Queensland, Cape Colony, The Windward Islands and the Leeward Islands for
any sum not exceeding $50 in United States currency. No singleorder issued
for more than $50. Parties desiring to remit larger sums must obtain addi-
tional money-orders. There is no limit to the number of orders in the Inter-
national Money-order System. The fees for all International Money-orders,
are on ordersnot exceeding $10 10 cents ; over $10 and notexceeding $20
20 cents ; $20 and not exceeding $30 30 cents ; $30 and not exceeding $40
40 cents ; $40 and not exceeding $50 50 cents.
Mail Train Service. There are 289 mail trains arriving and departing from
the city daily, excepting Sunday ; of these trains 174 have railway post-offices
attached, in' which 362 clerks are daily employed in the distribution of the
mails while in transit. In addition to this number of railway clerks, a force
of thirty-three clerks employed by the Chicago post-office is sent out on the
night trains to the meeting point of incoming railway post-office trains, on
which they return to distribute and make up the mail for the main office and
stations, for immediate delivery by carriers upon arrival. This system of
quick delivery of incoming mails was instituted by the present postmaster.
Col. James A. Sexton. By this method sixty -five to seventy per centum of
the mails received during the twenty-four hours is placed upon the counters
of banks and business houses in the business portion by 9 o'clock in the
morning. There are 110 separate mails closed daily for despatch, the first
close being made at 3:20 A. M., and the last at 10:30 p. M. A corresponding
number of mails is received daily. There are also used daily 1,014 leather
bags, and 2,930 canvas bags in conveying the mails to and from the post-
office and railway trains. The weight of the empty bags alone amounted to
3,249,253 pounds for the year. The headquarters of the 6th Division Rail-
way Mail Service, comprising the States of Illinois, Iowa, Nebraska, and
Wyoming Territory, are located in Chicago. In this division 886 railway
clerks are employed in the distribution of the mails on the cars. During the
year ending June 30. 1891, these clerks traveled 139,435,380 miles. The Division
of Post-office Inspectors, comprising the States of Illinois, Iowa, Wisconsin,
Michigan, Minnesota and the two Dakotas, have their headquarters here.
Officers of the Post-office The principal officers of the post-office are :
Postmaster, James A. Sexton; Assistant Postmaster, John M. Hubbard;
Supply Clerk, J. W. Ward; Record Clerk, John Matter; Superintendent
of mails, John A Montgomery, Private Secretary, Horace H. Thomas;
Cashier, Charles Catlin; Book-keeper, T. R. Melody; Superintendent of City
Delivery, M. J. McGrath ; Superintendent Money order Division, H. P.
Thompson ; Superintendent of Registry Division, R. T. Howard.
Outlying Chicago Post-offices. There are, aside from the general post-office
and its branches in the different divisions of the old city, fifty-eight separate
and distinct post-offices within the corporate limits of Chicago, as follows:
Argyle Park, corner Winthrop avenue and Argyle street; Auburn Park,
corner Seventy-ninth and Wright streets; Avondale, corner of Kenzie and
Belmont avenues; Bowmanville, Lincoln avenue, near Fifty-ninth street;
GUIDE TO CHICAGO.
Buena-Park, opposite railroad station of lhat name; Burnside Crossing, cor-
ner Cottage Grove and Lyon avenues; Calumet, Clinton, near Eighty-ninth
street; Central Park, 4131 West Lake street; Cheltenham, 159 Cheltenham
place; Chicago Lawn, corner Sixty-third street and Central Park avenue;
Colehour, 10301 Avenue K; Cragin, opposite railroad station of that name;
Crawford, Butler avenue, near Twenty-fourth streeet; Cummings, Torrence
avenue, near One Hundred and Seventh street; Dunning, corner of Cherry
street and Irving Park boulevard; Edgewater, on Chicago & Evanston rail-
road; Elsdon, Fifty-first street, near Trumbull avenue; Englewocd, 6211
Wentworth avenue; Englewood Heights, corner Eighty-ninth and Page
streets; Forest Glen, corner Elston and Forest Glen avenues; Forest Hill,
corner Seventy -ninth and Robey streets; Gano, corner One Hundred and
Sixteenth and Dearborn streets; Grand Crossing, corner Seventy-fifth street
and Wilson avenue; Havelock, corner Front street and Cemetery avenue.
Hegewisch, 13303 South Chicago avenue ; Herinosa, Armitage street, near
Keeney; High Ridge, corner Weber avenue and Chicago & North-Western
railway; Irving Park, Charles avenue, near Irving Park boulevard; Jefferson,
Milwaukee avenue, near Maynard street; Judd, corner Ninety-third street
and Washington avenue; Kensington, Kensington avenue, near Front street;
Linden Park, corner Robinson avenue and Einzie street; Mandell, corner
West Forty-eighth and Harrison streets; Maplewood, corner of Evergreen
and Maplewood avenues; Mayfair, St. James street, near Franklin; Mont
Clare, at the railroad station of that name; Moreland, corner West Forty-
eighth and Kinzie streets; Pacific, at the railroad station of that name; Park
Manor, 6760 South Chicago avenue; Parkside, Stony Island avenue, near
Sixty-ninth street; Pullman, corner Morse avenue and One Hundred and
Twelfth street; Ravenswood, east of Ravenswood park, near Wilson avenue;
Riverdale, corner Indiana avenue and One Hundred and Thirty-sixth street;
Roseland, corner Michigan avenue and Union street; Simons, Kimball ave-
nue, near Bloomingdale road; South Chicago, 9150 Commercial avenue;
South Englewood, corner Vincennes avenue and Halsted street; South
Lynne, Sixty-fifth street and Chicago, St. Louis & Pittsburgh railroad; Sum-
merdale,near Fifty-ninth street and Ravenswood park; Washington Heights;
Wildwood, Indiana avenue, near One Hundred and Thirty-third street;
Woodlawn Park, corner Sixty-third street and Illinois Central railroad.
Post-office Bvilfling. Located on the square bounded by Adams street
on the north, Jackson street on the south, Dearborn street on the east and
Clark street on the west, in the heart of the business center, within easy walk-
ing distance of all the great hotels, railroad depots and street car terminals.
The erection of the building was commenced in 1871, after the great fire, in
which the old post-office building, northwest corner of Dearborn and Mon-
roe streets, where the First National Bank building now stands, was
destroyed. Architecturally and mechanically the structure is a failure.
Although costing in the neighborhood of $5,000,000, it has been an eyeaore
to the people of Chicago, a perfect blot upon the architectural beauty of the
city, and inconvenient, inadequate and unsafe for the purposes to which it is
dedicated. When erected it was supposed to be large enough to meet the
demands of the Chicago postal service for fifty years to come. Inside of
ten years it proved to be too small. The building as it stands to-day is
hardly worth a description. The visitor, however, will be interested in
walking through it, because of the immense volume of business conducted
CHICAGO AS IT IS. 80
there, and the bustling crowds to be met with in the corridors. A new post-
offlce to cost between $5,000,000 and f 6,000,000 will shortly take its place.
Whether the same site will be occupied is not definitely settled at this writ-
ing. The building is also occupied by the Custom-house officers and the
United States courts.
Postal Notes. Postal notes for sums not exceeding $4.99 will be issued on
payment of a fee of three cents each. These notes are made payable to
bearer at any money order office in the United States which the purchaser
may designate.
Railway Mail Service. Room 83 Postofflce building. Superintendent of
Sixth Division, L. L. Troy; Asst. Supt., E. L. West.
Railway Post-offices. Railway post-offices are established on all lines from
Chicago. These offices run upon nearly all trains, and letters may be mailed
at the cars up to the moment prior to the departure of the trains. Stamps of
the denomination of two cents may be had at the cars.
Rates of Postage. The letter rate of postage is two cents for each ounce,
or fraction thereof, throughout the United States and Dominion of Canada.
The postage on letters dropped in the office for delivery in the city is two
cents per ounce. All letters must be fully prepaid by stamps. The following
classes of letters are not advertised: Drop letters, box letters, letters directed
and sent to hotels and thence returned to the post-office as unclaimed; letters
returned from the dead-letter office to writers, and card request letters; circu-
lars, free packets, containing documents, speeches, and other printed matter.
N. B. A request for the return of a letter to the writer within thirty days or
less, written or printed with the writer's name, post-office and State across
the left-hand side of the envelope, on the face side, will be complied with.
Such letters will be returned to the writer free of postage.
Mail Matter of the Second Class. This class embraces newspapers and
)ther periodical publications, issued not less than four times a year, from a
inown office of publication, and bearing a date of issue, and which have no
iloth, leather, or other substantial binding. Such publications must have a
legitimate list of subscribers, and must not be designed primarily for adver-
tising purposes, or for free circulation. The rate of postage on second-class
wiatter, when sent from the office of publication (including sample copies), or
v;hen sent from a news agent to actual subscribers, or to other news agents,
is one cent per pound, or fraction thereof; but if sent by any other than the
publisher, or a news agent, is one cent for each four ounces, or fraction
hereof.
Mail Matter of the TJiird Class. This class embraces transient news-
papers and periodicals, books (printed), photographs, ciiculais, proof-sheets,
and corrected proof-sheets with manuscript copy accompanying the same,
and all matter of the same general character, as above enumerated. The rate
of postage is one cent for each two ounces, or fractional part thereof,
except on transient newspapers and periodicals of the second class, which
will be one cent for each four ounces, or fraction thereof.
Mail Matter of tlie Fourth Ckus. This class embraces labels, patterns,
playing cards, addressed tags, paper sacks, wrapping paper, and blotting pads,
with or without printed advertisements thereon, bill heads, letter heads,
envelopes plain, or printed addresses thereon, ornamented paper, and all
90 GUIDE TO CHCAGO.
other matter of the same general character. Thisclass also includes merchan-
dise and samples of merchandise, models, samples of ores, metals, minerals,
seeds, &c., and any other matter not included in the first, second or third
classes, and which is not in its form or nature liable to damage the contents
of the mail bag, or harm the person. Postage rate thereon, one cent for
each ounce, or fraction thereof.
Receipts and Revenues of t/ie Chicago Post-office. The receipts and dis-
bursements of the Chicago oilice and sub stations (exclusive of the fifty-eight
outlying post-offices) for the year 1891 show a net profit of $2,500,000, an
increase of $500,000 over the year 1890. During the same period the mail
matter dispatched from the Chicago office amounted to 33,065,063 pounds, or
336,894,627 pieces, a large increase over the previous year, while the number
of registered articles handled and not included in the above amounted to
3,282,585 pieces, an increase of 184,599 pieces over the year 1890. In addition
to this, the number of money-order transactions reached 1,917,689, aggrega-
ting a sum of $20,396.166, an increase over the year 1890 of $1,107,219 in that
department of the office alone. The amount of mail in transit through the
city of Chicago and transferred from incoming to outgoing trains is estimated
to have reached the enormous bulk of 62,600 tons for the year, an increase
over the year 1890 of 35,225 tons.
Receipts for 1S91. The receipts of the Chicago post office for 1891 were
$3,679,265, as against $3,318,889 for 1890 ; percentage of increase 101 per
cent.
Registry Department. Letters can be registered to all parts of the United
States upon payment of a fee of ten cents in addition to the regular postage.
Salaries of Officers. Postmaster, $6,000 per annum; assistant postmaster,
$3,000; the superintendent of the city delivery, $2,700; the superintendent of
mails, $2.700; the superintendent of the money order department, $2,400; the
superintendent of the registry department, 2,400 ; the cashier, $2,600 ; the
accountant, $1,700 per annum; clerks, from $800 to $1,200, according to length
of service; carriers, from $600 to $1,000, according to length of service.
United States Money Order System. The Fees for Money-orders are : On
orders not exceeding $5 Scents; over $5 and not exceeding $10 Scents;
over $10 and not exceeding $15 10 cents ; over $15 and not exceeding $30
15 cents ; over $30 and not exceeding $4020 cents ; over $40 and not exceed-
ing $50 25 cents ; over $50 and not exceeding $60- -30 cents ; over $60 and
not exceeding $7035 cents ; over $70 and not exceeding $80 40 cents ; over
$80 and not exceeding $10045 cents ; no fraction of cents to be introduced
in the order. No single order issued for more than $100. Parties
desiring to remit larger sums mast obtain additional money-orders. No
applicant, however, can obtain in one day more than three orders payable at
the same office and to the same payee.
PUBLIC EDUCATION.
The public schools of Chicago are conducted under the supervision of a
board of education, which consists of male and female members, appointed
by the mayor, and who are about equally divided politically. The executive
department is in charge of a superintendent, eight assistant superintendents,
CHICAGO AS IT IS.
a Supervisor and assistant supervisor of evening schools* a clerk, an attorney,
school agent, business manager, chief engineer, auditor, assistant clerk, assist-
ants to business manager, stenographers and .type-writers, and manager
and assistants in supply department.
City and County Public Schools. The following is a summary of miscel-
laneous statistics, compiled by the county superintendent of schools, from
the reports of township trustees for 1889-1890. It contains later statistics of
the city public schools than any issued by the Chicago Board of Education:
MISCELLANEOUS ITEMS.
Chicago.
County
excluding
Chicago.
Whole
County.
No. ungraded schools
131
131
No. graded schools
180
67
2il
No. high schools ....
12
5
16
'Whole No. schools
192
193
C98
Average No. of months schools sustained
9.10
8 4
9
Ch ildren under 21 years
473,234
429 14
516 138
Between 6 and 21 years
289,483
28,171
317 604
No. in graded public schools
146,751
10,890
146,441
4 460
4 460
No enrolled in private schools
6'?,713
3,8P6
66' 6(9
Total in public and private schools
198,264
19,246
217,510
11 415
No. teachers in public schools
3,%9
409
3,251
1,164
145
1,809
No unable to rend or write .
2,599
36
2,635
Principal of township funds
$ 911,8 4
$ 274
Temporary loans and other sources
310503
31 768
312'272
Total
4 246,682
878,993
5 125682
EXPENDITURES.
Paid to teachers
2 021 779
294,511
t 316 291
N ew school houses
68H,373
86,175
774 548
39 79J
12084
51 874
Repairs and improvements
241,116
36 891
278 008
School furniture and apparatus
48,276
11,504
59 780
.Libraries
9,882
57,521
433397
Paid district clerks
27,377
2,208
29585
Paid on district bonds . .
77,500
47,631
125 130
Paid interest on district bonds
105,583
25,488
131 089
Miscellaneous
151,667
211,149
362 817
Total
$3,787,222
$ 785,413
$4 572,635
Balance in treasurer's hands due district
459,460
936,865
653,046
Total
$4,246,682
$ 878,499
$5,135,682
Manual Training in tlie, Public Schools. The Chicago English High and
Manual Training School, for instruction in the mechanical arts, was opened
in August, 1890, and occupies the large public school building on West
Monroe street, near Halsted street. This school is under the direction of
the city board of education. Albert R. Robinson is the principal. In grade the
manual training school ranks with the high schools, and no student is admit-
ted until he hag passed through the grammar grade. Promotion cards
entitling the holder to be admitted to the ordinary high school will admit
him also to the polytechnic school. A full term, three years' course, has been
laid down, and when the student has completed this, he will be graduated
with honors and a diploma, the same as if he had gone through the high
school. Three years aero the school board decided to provide a manual train-
ing course of study. Those who desired to take advantage of the study were
excused from certain branches in the high school and went to the training
school at noon to take the lessons. In 1889 there were about seventy-five stu-
denls in the manual training classes, but the division of work between this
and the high school was far'from satisfactory to the board, and hence the old
scheme was abolished, and the necessary step was taken to launch the new
school. The previous work had gone no deeper than working in wood. Now
all of the departments are added. Blacksmith forges are placed in the base-
ment, and all the machinery is located on that floor also. The first floor it
CHICAGO AS IT IS. 93
given up to the wood-working trades, while the upper floors are utilized by
the classes in English, mathematics and the natural sciences. There is a
course in commercial law and practical book-keeping, and every effort is
made to send each student away with a sufficient knowledge both of busi-
ness aad the trades to help him in almost any line of work which it may be
his lot to follow. By glancing over the curriculum below it will be seen that
none of the essential high-school branches are neglected. The idea is to
combine the practical and theoretical as far as possible. The Latin and
Greek branches are lopped off the regular high-school course as well as some
of the higher sciences, such as geology, astronomy, biology, etc. Professor
Clafliu has six assistants, all skilled in the different arts. A new building
(3 stories) for use as a workshop ha been erected during the past year to
accommodate the increased attendance.
Free Night Schools. The term of the night schools is three moths every
winter preceding the holidays. The total enrollment at the above schools last
winter was about 12,000. New schools and new branches of study are added
every year. The Board of Education is paying more attention and attaching
more importance to free might instruction now than ever before.
Physical Culture in the Public Schools. When, Nov. 4, 1885, the Board
of Education appointed Henry Suder, instructor at the North Side Turner
Hall, and a graduate of the Normal Training School, of Milwaukee, as a
special teacher of physical culture, it was a test. Prof. Suder had only four
schools to teach then the old Douglas on the South Side, the Brown and
King schools on the West Side, and the Lincoln on the North Side. The
pupils became at once interested in the new departure, and the teachers were
quick to notice an improvement in the discipline and mental work of their
classes. In 1886 the board extended the physical culture classes to all the
grammar schools in the city, and eight special teachers were appointed to
assist Prof. Suder. In January, 1889, the system was introduced into all the
primary departments of the city, and four teachers were added to the physical
culture staff. In the following May, exercises were commenced in the North,
South, and West Division high schools, Henry B. Camann, a graduate of the
Milwaukee Normal Training School, being appointed to conduct the classes
in those schools. In addition to Prof. Suder and Mr. Camann, the following
teachers comprise the physical culture staff: Grammar Schools Herman
Hein, Oscar Weinbrod, August Zapp, William Kopp, Henry Hartung, Alvin
Kindervater, OttoGreubel, F. D. Brasius; Primary Schools Ernst Hibbeler,
F. L. Jaho, Alfred E. Belitz, Carl Graner, Charles Cobelli, Joseph Grund-
hofer and Mr. Ferdinand Rheil. In the primary schools the pupils are exer-
cised in calisthenics only. These exercises consist of simple muscular move-
ments of the arm and foot, arm and trunk, trunk and foot, and marching and
breathing exercises. The arrangement is such that all parts of the body are
brought into play during the lesson. In the grammar schools smooth wooden
wands, an inch in diameter and three feet long, and wooden dumbbells, shel-
laced, having a combined weight of one pound, and eleven inches long, are
used as an aid to the physical training of the scholars. Wand and dumbbell
exercises are practiced once a week in all the grammar schools, and once a
week the pupils are put through calistheuic exercises. It is in the North,
South, and West Division high schools that physical culture is most practiced
and appreciated. The high schools have more facilities to practice, and the
pupils enjoy the physical culture lessons because they are a relaxation, if noth-
ing else. Mondays and Thursdays of each week Mr. Camann visits the South
Division high school and instructs the classes between the hours of 9:45 a. m.
and 1:15 p. m. The assembly hall on the top floor is an admirable place
GUIDE TO CHICAGO;
for the exercises to be held in, and a piano gives a zest and spirit to the move-
ments, which are lacking iu the other schools. Light clubs are also used in
the South Division high school, and form the most picturesque of all the
exercises. Mr. Camann takes two or three rooms at a time, marshals the
scholars, who number from 80 to 120, and gives them one hour's practice.
Fridays he visits the West Division high school, where there is an assembly
hall similar to the one on the South Side, and drills the scholars for three
hours. Wednesday is the physical culture day at the North Division high
School. In the Northwestern high school one of the grammar school
instructors devotes Tuesdays to exercising the first-year pupils. The cost of
maintaining the physical culture branch in the schools is not great. The
salary list for eighteen teachers amounts to $17,200 per year.
Public School Buildings. The following is a list of the public school
buildings of Chicago, with names and locations:
NORTH DIVISION HIGH SCHOOL Wendell and Wells sts. ; NORTHWEST
DIVISION HIGH SCHOOL Augusta st. and Hoyne are.; SOUTH DIVISION
HIGH SCHOOL Twenty-sixth st. and Wabash ave.; WEST DIVISION HIGH
SCHOOL 8. Lincoln st. and Ogden ave.; ANDERSON 520 N. Lincoln, near
WestDivisionst.; ARMOUR STREET Armour st. and Bickerdike square; BUR-
LING N. E. corner Center st. ; BLUE ISLAND AVENUE 490 Blue Island ave. ;
BOULEVARD Armitage ave. and Humboldt bid. ; BRAINARD 587 Washbourne
pl.;BRENAN 9535 Lime St., near Archer ave.; BRIGHTON Thirty-sixth, W. of
C. R. I. & P. R. R. track; BRIGHTON PARK Thirty-fifth and Lincoln sts.;
BROWN Warren ave., between Wood and Page sts; BURR N. Ashland and
Wabansia aves. ; CALHOUN 1277 W.Jackson st.; CALIFORNIA AVENUE 1119
California ave.; CALUMET AVENUE 2643 Calumet ave.; CARPENTER N.
Center ave. and W. Huron st. ; CENTRAL PARK Walnut st. and Kedzie ave. ;
CLARKE S. Ashland ave. and Thirteenth st.; COLUMBUS Augusta, between
Hoyne ave. and Leavitt St.; COOPER 625 W. Nineteenth st.; CRAWFORD
Twenty-fifth st. and Delaware ave. DEARBORN 768 Clybourn ave; Doo-
LITTLE 109 Thirty-fifth st. ; DORE 217 W. Harrison st. ; DOUGLAS Forest
ave. and Thirty-second St.; EMERSON Walnut and Paulina sts.; FOSTER
441 South Union st. ; FRANKLIN Sedgwick and Division sts.; FROZBEL
853 W. Twenty-first st; GARFTELD Johnson and Wright sts; GEORGE H.
THOMAS High st. and Belden ave.; GOODRICH Brown and Taylor sts. ;
GRANT 994 Wilcox ave,; HANCOCK S. Fairfield ave. and Twelfth st. ; HAR-
RISON 133 Twenty-third et.; HAVEN 1470 Wabash ave.; HAYES N. Leavitt
and Walnut sts. ; HEADLEY Lewis st. and Garfield ave. ; HEALY 3035 Wal-
lace st. ; HENDRICKS York and Laflin sts. ; HOFFMAN AVENUE Hoffman and
Milwaukee aves.; HOLDEN Deering and Thirty-first sts.; HUMBOLDT 920
N. California ave. ; HURON STREET Huron and Frank sts. ; IRVING 45 Lex-
ington ave.; JEFFERSON Nebraska and Laflin sts. ; JONES Third ave. and
Harrisonst. ; KEITH Dearborn and Thirty-fourth sts. ; KING Harrison st. and
Western ave. ; KINZIE Ohio st. and La Salle ave. ; KOSCIUSKO W. Division
and Cleaver sts.; LANGLAND 121 Cortland st. ; LA&ALLE Hammond and
Eugenie sts.; LAWNDALE S. Central Park ave. and Twenty-fifth st.;
LINCOLN STREET W. Ohio and Lincolnsts. ; LOGAN Rhine and Bremen sts ;
LONGFELLOW 688 Throopst.; MANIERRE 100 Hudson ave.; MAPLEWOOD
Diversey st. and California ave; MARQUETTE 297 S. Wood st. ; MCALLIS-
TER Thirty -sixth and Gage sts.; MCCLELLAN Wallace and Thiity -fifth sts.;
MONTEFIORE Sangamon and W. Indiana sts. ; MOSELEY Michigan ave. and
Twenty-fourth st.; MOTLEY Snell st. and W. Chicago ave.; MULLIGAN
CHICAGO AS IT IS. 95
Sheffield ave,, between Clay and Willow sts.; NEWBERRY Willow and
Orchard sts.; OAK STREET 85 Oak St.; OAKLEY N. Oakley ave. and W. Ohio
st.; OGDEN Chestnut, between Dearborn ave. and North State st. ; PEARSON
W. Pearson and N. Market sts. ; PICKARD Hinman st. and S. Oakley ave.;
POLK STREET 195 W. Polk st.; RAYMOND Wabash ave. and Eda st. ;
ROGERS 65 W. Thirteenth St.; SCAMMON S. Morgan and Monroe sts.; SHEL-
DON N". State and Elm sts.; SHERIDAN 627 Twenty -seventh st.; SKINNER
W. Jackson and Aberdeen sts ; TALCOTT W. Ohio and Lincoln sts; THOMAS
HOYNE Illinois and Cass sts.;TriROOP 626 Throopst. ; TILDEN W. Lake
and Elizabeth sts.; TILTON W. Lake and W. F.,rty-fourth sts.; TILTON
branch Mailer, near W. Forty-eighth st. ; TILTON branch 4005 W. Har-
rison st; VEDDER STREET Vedder, near Larrabee st. ; VON HUMBOLDT Rock-
well and Hirsch sts. ; WALSH W. Twentieth and Johnson sts. ; WARD
Shields ave. and Twenty seventh sts.; WASHBOURNE 220 W. Fourteenth st.;
WASHINGTON Morgan, between Erie and W. Ohio sts. ; WEBSTER Went-
worthave. and Thirty-third st.; WELLS N. Ashland ave. and Cornelia st.;
WICKER PARK 153 " Evergreen ave.; WILLIAMS AVENUE Williams and
Tinkham aves.
The Board of Education expended, during 1890, about $320,000 on the
Clarke, Longfellow, Foster, Carpenter and Hedges schools, new schools on
Maplewood, Campbell and Belden aves. and Wright St., and completed
the Horace Mann. The Hammond, Mulligan and George H. Thomas
schools were begun in 1889, on which have been expended about $250,000.
About $20,000 was expended on schools in the annexed districts and for sun-
dry needs.
Revenue of the Public Schools. The revenue of the public schools varies
from year to year, because of the changes (generally increases) in the tax
levies for school purposes, and for other reasons. The last report of the
board of education, however, gives the following statement of revenues,
which will serve as an example: School Fund From rentals of School Fund
land, $512,036,30; from State dividend, $136,313.06; from interest on principal
of School Fund, $45,800.04; refunded by school districts, annexation of 1887,
$19,453 38; tuition of non-resident pupils, $1,275.00; to correct errors in
teachers' pay-rolls, $238 10; unclaimed pay of canvassers of school census
of 1888, $62.62; total on account of School Fund, $715,178.50. School
Tax Fund On account of taxes of 1887 and previous years, $918,472.16;
ou account of tax of 1883, $1,200,078.26; total on account of School Tax
Fund, $2,118,550.42. Miscellaneous sources From sale of old furniture, old
lead, steam-pipe, old iron, stoves, etc., $2,100.64; from rebates on special
assessments, $9,495.88; from sale of old buildings, $1,256,00; from forfeited
deposit of contractor, $117.00; total from miscellaneous sources, $12,969.52;
total actual cash receipts, $2,846,698.44.
Salaries of School Employes. The following are the salaries of school
employes of the City of Chicago, corrected up to the spring of 1892.
SUPERINTENDENTS: Superintendent of Schools, $5,000; Two Assistant Sup-
erintendents of Schools, each, $4 000 ; Six Assistant Superintendents of
Schools, each, $3,500. SUPERVISOHS AND TEACHERS OF SPECIAL STUDIES.
German. Supervisor of German, $2,500; Assistant Supervisor of German,
$1,800. Drawing. Supervisor of Drawing, High Schools, $2,200; Super,
visor of Drawing, Grammar and Primary Grades, $2,400; Assistant Super-
visor of Drawing, Grammar and Primary Grades, $1,800; Two Assistant
96 GUIDE TO CHICAGO.
Teachers, each, $1,600; Three Assistant Teachers, each, $1,200; One Assist-
ant Teacher, $1,000; One Assistant Teacher, $160. Kinging. Supervisor of
Singing, Grammar Grades, $2,400; Supervisor of Singing. Primary Grades,
$2,050 Two Assistant Teachers, Grammar Grades, each, $1,700; One Assist-
ant Teacher, Grammar Grades, 1,400; One Assistant Teacher, Primary
Grades, $1,500; Five Assistant Teachers, Primary Grades, each, $1,200.
Physical Culture. Supervisor of Physical Culture, 2,100; One Assistant
Teacher, High Schools, $1,200; Eight Assistant Teachers, Grammar Grades,
each, $1,000; Six Assistant Teachers, Primary Grades, each, $900; One
Assistant Teacher, half time, 500. Deaf Mute Day Schools. Principal, $1,100;
Two Assistant Teachers, each, 700; Three Assistant Teachers, each, $550.
Waifs' Mission. One Teacher, $650. HIGH SCHOOLS. Principal West
Division High, $2,800; Five Principals, each, $2,600; Five Principals, each.
$2,500, One Principal, 1,600; Twelve Assistant Teachers, each, $2,000;
Eleven Assistant Teachers, each, $1,800; Eighteen Assistant Teachers, each,
$1,600; Seventeen Assistant Teachers, each, 1,500; Nine Assistant Teachers,
each, $1,400; Eight Assistant Teachers, each, $1,300; Twenty-eight Assistant
Teachers, each, $1,200; Two Assistant Teachers, each, $1,100; Nineteen
Assistant Teachers, each, 1,000; Four Assistant Teachers, each, $900; One
Assistant Teacher, $800; One Assistant Teacher, $750; Two Assistant
Teachers, part time, each, $600; One Assistant Teacher, part time, $500.
PRINCIPALS OF GRAMMAR SCHOOLS. First Group. Principals of the
Brighton, Brown, Burr, Carpenter, Clarke, Doolittle, Douglas, Franklin,
Garfleld, Lake View No. 2, Marquette, Moseley, Raymond, Skinner, Walsh
and Wells schools, each $2,500 per annum. Also the following-named prin-
cipals, at a salary of $2,500 per annum each: Laura D. Ayres, Charles F.
Babcock, George C. Bannan, Erastus A. Barnes, Will J. Bartholf, Homer
Bevans, Louis J. Block, Henry C. Cox, Emma M. C. Greenleaf, Nellie Har-
dick, Henry D. Hatch, Frank S. Heywood, Lucia Johnston, Kate S. Kellogg,
Cephas H. Leach, Albert R. Robinson, Corydou G. Stowell, John H. Tear,
A. Henry Vanzwoll, Mary M. T. Walsh, Andrew J. Wood. Second
Group. Principals of the Calhouu, Hayes, Jones, Kershaw, Lake View No.6,
McClellan, Oakley and Sheridan schools, each $2,200 per annum. Second
Group, Second Section. Principals of the Central Park, D. S. Wentworth,
Goodrich, Graham (Lake), Harvard, Keith, Lewis, Lake View No. 7, Logan,
Pullman (Lake), Pullman (Calumet), Sherman and Tilden schools, each $2,000
per annum for the first year of service as principals of schools in this group;
$2,100 per annum for the second year of service, and $2,200 per annum for
the third and subsequent years of service. Third Group. Principals of the
Doran, Fifty-fourth Street, Hancock (old city), Headley.Hendricks (Lake),
Lake View No. 1, Lake View No. 3, Lake View No. 4, Lawndale, O'Toole,
Scammon, Sherwood and Thomas Hoyne schools, each $1,700 per annum for
the first year of service as principals of schools in this group; $1,800 per
annum for the second year of service; $1,900 per annum for the third year of
service; $1,950 per annum for the fourth year of service, and $2,000 per
annum for the fifth and subsequent years of service. Fourth Group. Prin-
cipals of the Brighton Park, Colraan, Fallon, Farren, Forestville, Hammond,
Hancock (Lake), Maplewood, Oakland No. 2 and Pacific schools, each $1,400
per annum for the first year of service as principals of schools in this group;
$1,500 per annum for the second yearof service; $1,600 per annum for the third
year of service and $1,700 per annum for the fourth and subsequent years of
CHICAGO AS IT IS. 97
service. Fifth Group. Principals of the Amerson, Brownell, Carter, Cornell,
Cummings, Duncan Avenue, Gallistel, George H. Thomas, Greenwood
Avenue, Hartigan, Kelvyn Grove, Kensington, Madison Avenue, Phil Sheri-
dan, Roseland, Ryerson, Shurtleff, Springer, Sulzer Street, Taylor and Wood-
lawn schools, each $1,200 per annum for the first year of service as principals
of schools in this group; $1,300 per annum for the second year of service, and
$1 ,400 per annum for the third and subsequent years of service. The salaries
of the principals of the George H. Thomas and Greenwood Avenue schools
to commence January 1, 1891, on the salary of the third year of this group
($1,400). The salary of the principal of the Roseland school to commence
January 1, 1891, on the salary of the second year of this group ($1,300).
Sixth Group. Principals of the Avondale, Park Side, Scanlan and Webster
(S. C.) schools, each $1,050 for the first year of service as principals of schools
in this group; $1,100 per annum for the second year of service, and $1,200 per
annum for the third and subsequent years of service. The salary of the
principal of the Park Side school to commence January 1, 1891, on the salary
of the second year of this group ($1,100).
Ungrouped Schools. Principal of Irving Park school, $1,800; principal
of Oakland school, No 1, $1,800; principal of Tilton school, $1,800; principal
of Washington Heights schools, $1,300 per annum.
PRINCIPALS OF PRIMARY SCHOOLS. First Group. Principals of the
Arnold, Cooper, Foster, Healy, Hoffman Avenue, Jefferson, Longfellow,
Manierre, Montefiore, Motley, Mulligan, Oak Street, Polk Street, Rogers,
Talcott, Washburne and Wicker Park Schools, each $1,400 per annum for the
first year of service as Principals of Schools in this group; $1,450 per annum
for the second year of service; and $1,500 per annum for the third year of
service; and $1,600 per annum for the fourth and subsequent years of service.
Second Group. Principals of the Brenan, Grant Langland, McAllister, Pear-
son Street, Pickard, Vedder Street and Ward Schools, each $1,400 per annum
for the first year of service as Principals of Schools in this group; $1,460 per
annum for the second year of service; and $1,500 per annum for the third and
subsequent years of service. Third Group. Principals of the Boulevard,
Calumet Avenue, Columbus, Horace Mann, Huron Street, Kinzie, Kosciusko
and Sheldon Schools, each $1,250 per annum for the first year of service as
Principals of Schools in this group; and $1,350 per annum for the second and
subsequent years of service. Fourth Group. Principals of the Hedged, Ken-
wood, South Halsted Street and Wolcott Street Schools, each $1,100 per an-
num. Fifth Group. Principals of the Andersenville, Blue Island Avenue,
Bowrnanville, Buckley, Burnside, Garfield (Lake), Hoerner, J, L. Marsh, J.
N. Thorp, Jefferson Park, Lake View No. 5, Oak Ridge, Park Manor, River-
dale, Rose Hill and West Roseland Schools, each $1,050 per annum. ASSIST-
ANTS TO PRINCIPALS. Assistants to Principals, each $1,100 per annum. HEAD
ASSISTANTS. Grammar Schools. Who have served less than five years in such
capacity, each $900 per annum; who have served between five and ten years
in such capacity, each $950 per annum; who have served ten years or over
in such capacity, each $1,000 per annum. Primary Schools. Who have
served less than five years in such capacity, each $850 per annum; who have
served between five and ten years in such capacity, each $900 per annum;
who have served over ten years iu such capacity, each $950 per annum.
SALARIES OF MALE ASSIST ANT TEACHERS. Andrew Wilson, Andrew Engel,
Burnjde School, each, $750; Michael M.Byrne, Richard H. Stryker, Martin G,-
98 GUIDE TO CHICAGO.
Henchy, Glaus H. Claussen, Doran School, each, $800; Robert H. Rennie,
Augustus Haley, Andrew B. Combs, John C. Pickens, Harvaid School, each,
$800; David L. Murray, D. S. Wenthworth School, $1,000; George W.
Miller, Irving Park School, $800; Fred. W. Kingsley, William J. Tinen,
Irving Park School, each $775; Joseph Barnabee, Cummings school, $800;
Richard J. Bicktrdike, Avondale school, $800 per annum. ASSISTANT
TEACHERS IN PRIMARY GRADES. For the first year of service, $400; for the
second year of service, $475; for the third year of service, $575; for the fourth
year of service, $650; for the fifth year of service, $700; for the sixth and
subsequent years of service, $775 per annum. ASSISTANT TEACHERS IN GRAM-
MAR GRADES. For the first year of service, $450; for the second year of ser-
vice, $525; for the third year of service, $600; for the fourth year of service,
$650; for the f ft i year of service, $700; for the sixth and subsequent years of
service, $775 i er annum. Second Teachers in Half-Day Division to receive
$50 per annum less than the rates paid Assistants in Primary Grades. Three
Reserve Teachers at a salary of $700 each per annum. All changes in salary
to take place at the commencement of the school month succeeding the expira-
tion of the year's service. SUBSTITUTES. Four Substitutes to be employed at
the discretion of the Superintendent, at a compensation of $4.00 each for each
day of actual service. Other Substitutes to be paid at the rate of $1.50 per
day for each day of actual service. CADETS. All candidates for positions as
Teachers, who hold partial certificates of qualifications to teach in the Chi-
cago Public Schools, issued by the Board of Education, who have been in
regular service in the Schools for two mouths aa Cadets, and who have shown
such proficiency as to satisfy the Superintendent that they are desirable as
Teachers, shall, upon his recommendation, receive a compensation of 75 cents
per day, for each day of actual service in such capacity. After a service of
six months as Cadets, they shall receive a compensation of $1.25 per day.
Estimate of Expenditures for 1892. The estimated expenditures of the
Board of Education for the year 1892 aggregate $5,996,084, as f ollov s: For
s ilaries of superintendent and teacbeis in the primary and grammar grades,
exclusive of teachers of special studies, on basis of salaries of 1891, $2,230,-
825; less estimated revenue of school fund ($480,000), $1,750,325; tuition of
pupils at Cook County Normal School, $7,500; evening schools, $110,000;
school libraries, $2,500; supplementary reading, $20,000; rebinding books,
$1,000; text books for indigent pupils, $5,000; maps, charts, globes, etc.,
$2,500; payments toward pianos, $1,500; Expenses Columbian Exprsition,
$10,000; sundries, $750; salaries, office employees, attorney, and school
agent, $45,000; salaries, engineers and janitors, $255,000; school supplies,
chalk, etc., $50,000; school-house supplies, $15,000; fuel, $110,000; printing
proceedings, etc., $12,000; supplies for sewing for 40,000 pupils, $5,000;
material for manual training, $1,500; school sites, $200,000; new buildings,
$1,765, 000; permanent improvements, $100,000; general repairs, $200, 000; beat-
ing apparatus, $100,000; apparatusand furniture, $50, 000; rentals of branches,
$45, 000;special assessments, $40, 000; incidentals, $45, 000; leeal expenses, $250;
support of high schools other than manual training, $272.500; support of
English high and manual training, $50,000; drawing salaries and supplies,
$35,000; music salaries and supplies, $30,000; German salaries and sup-
plies, $170,000; physical culture, $28,OrO; compulsory education, $25,000;
school census, $15,000; due contracts, less balance of appropriation '91, $145,-
036 $165616; payment of bonds, interest, and orders, $80,500 Total,
$5,821,441. Loss in collection and costs, $174,413, Total estimate, '92,
$5,996,084.
CHICAGO AS IT IS. 99
PUBLIC LIBRARY.
Occupies entire fourth floor of the City Hall (excepting council chamber).
Was founded in 1872. The library contained on January 1st, Id92, 171,709
volumes, and the collection is increasing by purchase and donation at the
rate of somewhat over 10,000 volunms annually. Its literary treasures, many
of which can not be duplicated at any cost, are at the lowest estimate valued
at $275,000. With an annual circulation and consultation of over 1,500,000
volumes, it leads the circulation of the free public libraries of the country.
At the Paris Exposition of 1889 it received the distinguished honor of an
award of a gold medal, on an exhibit consisting of the annual report, finding
liats and a volume showing in detail the administration of the library in every
department. A readjjag-room is maintained, which last year was patronized
by 500,000 visitor, 450,000 periodicals being given out across the counter.
There are also reference departments, including general, patent and medical,
which are consulted by thousands of people in search of special knowledge,
annually.
A Cosmopolitan Collection, There is not a more cosmopolitan place in
the city thuu the library rooms. It is a place where the people of all nations
from a wide circuit around come for their reading matter. The library iscom-
posed of books in all languages, selected with the greatest care. Naturally, the
English tongue predominates, but every foreign and classic language is well
represented on its shelves. As a result, the library assumes a cosmopolitan
phase, because it is so extensively patronized by the people of so many dif-
ferent nationalities. The method of securing new books is simple. The
librarian really does the selecting. The lists prepared by him are placed in
the hands of a proper committee, who either indorse or modify thelibrarian's
choice, and the amended list is finally voted upon by the board. That the
majority of the reading public who look to the library rely greatly upon it,
is proven by the many applications made daily for the new books they have
heard about or read about in the newspapers. The fact also proves that this
city is the home of intelligent, wide-awake people, who wish to keep abreast
of contemporaneous thought and literature.
Administration and Cost of Maintenance. The Board of Directors con-
sists of nine members, of which three are appointed annually for a term of
three years. The Secretary of the Board is W. B. Wickersham. Frederick
H. Hild, the librarian, has three assistants, namely, E. F. L. Gauss, first
assistant, Elizabeth A Young and KateM. Henneberry. There are forty -three
atttendents regularly employed in the day service of the library, and twelve
in the evening service. With five janitors, one night watchman, one electric-
ian, one expressman, the total number of persons in the employ of the Library
is ninety. The amount expended for salaries last fiscal year was $51,440.54,
which included $2,787 paid for the transportation of books to and from the
delivery stations. t ,The total cost for the maintenance of the library for the year
was $102,869.19. The estimated expenses of the Library for 1892 are as fol-
lows : Salaries, $57,000; books, $16,000; binding, $7,000; heating and light-
ing, $5,000 ; delivery stations, $12,000 ; newspapers and periodicals, $4,000 ;
printing and stationery, $2,000; finding lists, $1,000; incidentals, $2,51)0;
furniture and fixtures, $2,500 ; rent of reading-rooms, $3,000. In addition
100 GUIDE TO CHICAGO.
to these suras, there is a tix levy of $400,000 for building purposes, being the
second of a series of annual levies covering a period of five years.
Branch Delivery Stations. The most notable feature of the development
of the library during the year has been the establishment of four branch
reading-rooms. The first of these was opened in December and the other
three at short intervals since that time. A fifth room will be ready durirfg
the present month. The location of these rooms and the average attendance
and number of periodicals issued is as follows :
Monthly. Sun-
average il'iy
periodicals attend-
Vixitors. issued. anee.
No. 1. No. 12<)4 Milwaukee avenue 4.719 4.973 210
No. 2. No. 625 Forty-third street 1,840 3,433 145
No. 3. No. 341 Clybourn avenue 1,715 -a,^C 173
No. 4. No. 164 Fifty -third street 1,708 .... 30
The estimated annual cost of maintenance of these rooms is $2,500 each,
which includes rent, service, light and heat, cost of periodicals and janitor
service. The rooms are open daily to the public from 9 A. M. to 10 P. M.,
and Sunday from 10 A. M. to 10 p. M.
There are now employed in the service of (he library eighty-nine persons.
The amount expended for salaries was $51,440.54. There were sent to the
five binderies, with which the library had contracts, 15,190 volumes, and
there were repaired in the library 14,875 volumes. The amount expended for
binding was $6,786.41. The annual inventory shows 134 volumes unaccoun-
ted for. Of the 135 books reported missing last year 26 have since been found.
Character of Books. A classified analysis of the entire number of volumes
in the library shows that English prose fiction leads in popularity, there
being 27,570 volumes in that department alone. In tlie department of Ger-
man literature are found 18,057 volumes. French literature follows with
8,225 volumes. Some general idea of the character of the entire collection
may be formed from the fact that among the classes well represented are
those of history; biography; travels; poetry and drama; essays and miscel-
lanies; polygraphy and collected works; fine arts; natural sciences; practical
arts (including patents); political and social science; language and literature;
mental and moral science; ancient classics; religion; medicine; law; period-
icals and newspapers; Government documents and State papers; bibliography;
dictionries and encyclopedias; English prose fiction; juvenile literature; Ger-
man, French, Italian, Spanish, Portuguese, Dutch, Bohemian .Polish, Russian
and Scandinavian literature. The largest number of books issued on any
one day in 1890 was 5,272, on February 24th. On the same day there were
used in the other departments 1,799 volumes, making a total of 7,071 vol-
umes, which is the largest circulation reported for any one day in the history
of the Library.
Delivery Stations. The number of delivery stations was increased by
seven during the la^t year, making a total of twenty-four stations now in oper-
ation. Of these six are located in the North Division, six in the South
Division, and twelve in the West Division. There were issued from these
stations 294,880 volumes, an increase of 94,623 over the number reported for
the preceding year. Four wagons are required to transport the books for the
delivery stations to and from the main library, and two daily deliveries are
made to each of the stations except the Irving Park and Ravenswood sta-
tions.
[Engraved for The Standard Guide Company.]
PULLMAN BUILDING, MICHIGAN AVE. AND ADAMS ST.
[See " Great Industries."]
CHICAGO AS IT IS. 101
Circulation of Books. The aggregate circulation of books in all depart-
ments of the library compared with the circulation of the preceding year
was as follows:
1891,
1890.
Home circulation (main library)
(543,022
640,378
Home circulation (delivery stations)
294,880
5Jol,267
Issued to public schools . .
3746
2 336
Keterence department
327,616
331,81,*
Medical department (closed July, 1 90)
1 176
26,376
Patent department
19,477
18,319
Total
1 290 614
1 220 479
The Circulating Department was open for the delivery of books 308 days,
The daily average number of books issued for home use was 8.095, against
2,749 for the preceding year. The largest number issued on anyone day was
5,291, February 24;the smallest number 1,727, July li. The amount received
for fines on delinquent books was $5,350.88, or $497.13 more than was
received from this source last year.
Condition of the Library in 1892. At the last annual meeting of the
Directors of the Public Library, Chairman Shortall submitted a report, the
substance of which is as follows: The number of volumes added during the
year is 20,078, making a total of 166,475 volumes, with a total circulation of
1,290, 514, 942,248 volumes of which were taken upon cards for home use.
The number of visitors to the reading room was 492,837, and of those to the
several reference departments, not including the reading room, 105,606. The
decrease, some 8,000 from the figures of last year in the reference departments,
is attributed to the opening of reading rooms at branch stations, and to the
discontinuance of the medical department, the contents of which latter were
handed over to the Newberry Library at ils request and at that of the
original donors, with our own concurrence, and with a view of making the
same as perfect as might be practicable the Newberry desiring to make such
a medical department one of its specialties.
Since our last communication we have under your direction taken pos-
session of Dearborn Park for our new building, having secured the consent of
every owner of the abutting property save one. this one having promised to
sign when all others had done so. His consent will doubtless be added later.
A settlement has been arrived at between this board and the Soldiers' Home
(to which latter was granted by the Legislature the north quarter of this plot
of ground) upon a satisfactory basis; the soldiers and sailors of the late Civil
War to use and occupy as a memorial hall and for other purposes of their
organization for fifty years, a portion of the building to be erected, with a
reversion thereof to the library the library also having a certain use of the
Memorial Hall.
The Building committe of the library has begun the planning of the inte-
rior of the new building, having called to its aid most competent professional
assistance, and has completed the chief part of that work the basement and
first and second stories and most satisfactory. It is designed to construct
the exterior of the building so that it shall be an honor to the city, ethically
as well as architecturally, without profusion or meaningless ornament on the
one hand, or commonplace simplicity upon the other, but aiming to convey,
exteriorly, that idea of dignity and repose that should mark its use and com-
pleteness.
102 GUIDE TO CHICAGO.
We gladly refer to the bequests of our late fellow-citizens, the Rev. William
H. Ryder and Hiram Kelly. Mr. Ryder's bequest, amounting to $10,000, has
been carefully invested for the library's use, and according to its terms; the
bequest of Mr. Kelly will exceed the sum of $125,000, as appears by the
report of our committee, which is also appended hereto, of date April IBlh
last. It is intended that some special commemoration of those public-spirited
gentlemen may be devised and their names and generosity permanently hon-
ored within the new building when erected.
We are now entering upon a most important step in the life of this
"University of the People," the erection of its own home, a permanent house
to hold its treasures; the fruition of a hope that has animated us so many
years. In this we have before the failurc-s as well as the successes of many
others. * We intend, in its construction, firstly, that it shall inwardly subserve
its purpose as perfectly as human skill and foresight can design it, and. sec-
ondly, that it shall express outwardly such true architectural skill and good
taste that it shall stand forever a source of just pride to those State, city,
and indvidual who have had the honor of assisting in its erection, and an
example to all of the value of a discriminating, unselfish, and patriotic
devotion to the public good.
Librarian. The Librarian of the Chicago Public Library is Mr. Freder-
ick II. Hild. He may be addressed directly at the Library. The Secretary
is W. B. Wickersham.
New Library Building. The block of ground formerly known as Dear-
born Park, is reserved by the City of Chicago for a great Public Librarj
Building, the construction of which will shortly be begun by the laying of
the corner-stone some time in the spring, the competing plans for the proposed
building being now before the board.
Number of Volumes. The total number of volumes ?'n the library May 31,
1891, was 166,475, a net increase of 10,232 volumes over the number reported
last year, which was 156,243. The total number of volumes entered in the
accession catalogue during the last year was 20,078, a larger number than
has been added during anyone year since 1875. From this number were
deducted the following items: Wornout books, 4,156; books lost and paid
for, 268; transferred to the Newberry Library, 5,283 volumes of medical and
musical books; books unaccounted for in the annual inventory of 1889, 108; ^
books not recovered from delinquent borrowers in 1890, 31 volumes. Of .
the 20,078 volumes added 16,296 were bought, 1,175 were donated, 663 were
bound periodicals received from the reading room, and 1,944 were acquired
from the Hyde Park Lyceum. The amount expended for books was $17-
669.22.
Percentage of Circulation. The percentage of circulation for home use in
each of the seven classes, compared with the reports for 1889 and 1890, is as
follows :
1891. 18SO. 1889.
History and Biography 10.32 9.70 9.54
Voyages and travels 5.10 4.63 4.56
Science and arts 6.24 6.15 6/0
Poetry and drama "" 3.73 3.12 3.82
Eng Lsh prose fiction and juveniles 62.36 61.77
Rooks in foreign languages 10.16 11.75 11.25
Miscellaneous 2.10 2.53 2.86
CHICAGO AS IT IS. 103
Reference Department. In the Reference Department 326,619 volumes
were issued to 9^,964 readers, a slight decrease from the number reported
last year. The classification of the books consulted is as follows : Arts and
sciences, 16.24 per cent. ; history and biography, 16.49 percent.; periodicals
(bound volumes), 17.08 per cent.; geography and travels, 9.70 per cent.;
language and literature, 9.26 per cent. ; encyclopedias, 5.27 per cent. ; atlases
and statistics 2.23 percent.; public documents, 2.44 per cent.; bibliography,
2.58 per cent.; miscellaneous, 18.71 per cent.
Two- Year Cards. The number of persons holding two -year cards which
entitle them to draw books from the library for home usehas increased from
36,478 to 43,749 during the last year. The entire registration for the year
was 23,815. The number of cards issued to males was 13.357, to females
10,458. Under the new regulation permitting persons to obtain cards at the
delivery stations without calling at the main library 6,839 cards were issued.
The greater number of these were taken by persons who had never before
enjoyed the benefits of the library.
Visitors During 1891. The whole number of visitors to the reading-room
was 492,837, to whom 438,243 periodicals were issued, an increase of 56,425 in
the number of readers and of 49,051 inthe number of periodicals issued over
the report of the preceding year. The average Sunday attendance was 738.
The number of serials on file was increased from 587 to 662 during the last
year. Of these 46S are classified as periodicals, 69 daily newspapers, and 125
weekly and special newspapers ; 348 are American publications, 129 English,
86 German, 20 French, 42 Scandinavian, and 37 in other languages. The
amount expended for periodicals and newspapers was $2,966.95.
REAL ESTATE AND BUILDING.
Building operations for 1891. The building operations in Chicago during
1891 just closed were by far the largest ever experienced in the history of the
city. In round numbers the amount of building done in this city during the
year aggregated $55,000,000. For the year 1890 the total amount of building
was $47,373,209 and $31,516,000 for 1889. The total number of permits
issued during the last year was $11,476, against 11,044 in 1890 and
7,590 in 1889. The combined frontage of these permits represents
280,614 feet, or about fifty-three miles of building frontage. As usual, the
South Division, which includes the business district, shows the largest aggre-
gratecost, $19,943,800, as against $15,577,500 for the year 1890. In Hyde
Park the number of permits issued was 1,990, against 2,044 in 1890. The cost,
however, shows a decided increase $8,505,200, against $6,617,400 in 1890.
The Western division comes to the front with a total of 3,572 build-
ing permits issued, an increase of 565 over 1890, with a combined front-
age of 93,020 feet, and an aggregate cost of $13,360,570. There were
1,398 permits issued for Lake View, to cost $2,850,600, and 2,931 in the
town of Lake, to cost $5,625,600. The building of the Newberry library
swelled the total for the North side. In that division of the city 529 permits
were issued, whose cost aggregates $4,816,000, as against $3,685,000 in the
104
GUIDE TO CHICAGO.
preceding year. It is predicted on all sides that the building operations dur-
ing 1892 will be as far ahead of 1891 as that year was ahead of 1890.
The following indicates the great building activity of 1891 as shown by the
building permits. The totals given for the years including 1881 and 1890 are
from the official figures of the Building Commissioner. His estimate is taken
in part for the year 1891.
Building, Comparative -The total for last year is far in advance of any
preceding year, and represents the estimated outlay for the construction of
1 1 500 buildings, covering a frontage of over fifty-one miles. The total
amounts of building permits for each of eleven years are given as follows:
1881 $13,467,000 1887 19,778,000
1883 , 15,842,000 1888 20,3W,000
1883 17,500,000 1889 25,085000
1884 20,689,000 1890 47,422,000
1885 19,624,000 1891 66,360,000
1886 21,334,000
New buildings erected ; 11,28
Feet frontage 281,654
Total cost $54,010,500
Total number of buildings erected since 1876 67,8t>
cost ' $309,309,379
" frontage ' 286 miles.
Building Permits for 1891. Building during 1891 showed an expected
increase. The totals inside the city limits revealed the issuance of 11,582 per-
mits, for 281,654 feet, or about 53 miles of frontage, at a cost of $54,010,-
500. The character of the buildings erected was far in advance of any year
in the history of the city. Many of the structures are the most magnificent
on earth. The following comparative table shows the building permits issued
in 1890 and 1891.
1890.
1891.
Months.
No. of
permits
Feet
frontage .
Cost.
No. of
permits.
t - Feet
ontage.
Cost.
576
13,556
$1,320,000
759
17,133
$1 887300
865
19,800
2,226,000
1,070
25,786
2 881 700
1,329
29,695
3,857,600
960
24,299
4 5PO 7(
April
964
20,500
2,767,000
1,035
24,386
4,070 100
May . ."
1,854
24,840
3,388,000
1,100
27,481
4 671 800
1,064
21,500
7,899,900
1,122
30,120
4 786 000
July
1,047
24,570
4,789,600
1,097
25,147
4,782,500
1,038
24,750
6,737,000
1,035
24,954
3 711 700
September
1,015
23,442
.,676,00')
1,102
24,937
4,324 900
1,188
28,890
4,832.000
1,137
27,008
6 611 000
November
824
16,790
2,169,700
759
18,421
8,702 700
588
12,579
3,725, 300
450
12,000
3 700000
Total
11,583
260,919
47,390.000
11,626
281,654
54,010,500
CHICAGO AS IT IS.
105
Real Estate Transfers. The following is the total number and amount of
real estate transfers within the city limits having a consideration of $1,000
and upward which were filed for record during the year ended Thursday,
December 31, 1891:
MONTH.
SALES.
CONSIDERATION.
January
2,007
$12,387 988
February
1,589
10,695 707
March
1,8J4
12,065 120
April
2 053
13,623 598
May...
2,< 76
16,448*826
June
1,996
13, J56 130
July . .
3,77-J
1 1,754 014
August
1,444
9,093 528
September
163
11,383 472
October .
1,6
9,9^1 056
November
1,476
10.115,088
December ....
1.280
9,794 319
Total for the year 1891
20,800
140,338,847
Total for the year 1890 ,
22,804
174,172,769
The growth of Chicago during the last year is something marvellous, as
is best illustrated by the fact that rents advanced and all classes of residence
and flats are occupied. Notwithstanding the great number of dwelling houses,
apartment and office buildings erected during the year, vacant dwellings and
flats are very scarce and new buildings are being occupied as fast as they are
finished.
Another feature of the market during the year 1891 is the enormous
growth of Chicago as a manufacturing center. Manufacturers from all
parts of the country have located in Chicago, and many more are contem-
plating a removal to this city, which additions are bound to make it the larg-
est manufacturing center in the country. The importance of this feature for
the permanent benefit and growth of Chicago can hardly be overestimated.
Building Operations Since lS76:rom 1876 to 1889 there were erected
in the city 37,042 buildings, covering a frontage of 172 miles, costing $176,-
460,779, being an average of 3,087 per year for twelve years, an average of
14% milesof frontage, and an average cost of $14 705,065. The least number
of buildings erected in any one year was in 1878, with a frontage of about
six miles. The least expenditure was in 1879. The largest tiansaction for
same period was in 1888 number of buildings 4,958, 22 miles frontage,
expenditure $20,360,800. During 1889 the number of buildings erected was
7,590, covering over 34 miles of street frontage and costing $31,516,000.
The buildings erected in 1890 covered a frontage of 50% miles. In the
South Division 1,120 buildings were erected, having a frontage of 29,594
feet, and at a cost of $15,400,800; in the North Division 503 buildings, with a
frontage of 14,055 feet, costing $3,681,200; in the West Division 8,994, with
a frontage of 91,336 feet, costing $13.687,600. In Hyde park 2,052 buildings
were erected with a frontage of 44,481 feet, costing $6,624,300. In Lake
2,889 were erected, with a frontage of 63,297 feet, costing $5,578,100. Lake
106 GUIDE TO CHICAGO.
View added 1,051, with a frontage of 23,518 feet, costing $2,350,100. The
total building transactions of Chicago in 1890 were as follows:
New bindings erected 11,636
Feet frontage 281,654
Total cost $54,010,5(10
Total number of buildings erected since 1876 67,868
" cost " " $309,309,379
frontage ' " 5 X86 milep.
Some of the Great Buildings of 1891. The Economist ,in its annual edition,
gave the following :
One fifth of the total cost for the year is composed of 22 massive struct-
ures, chiefly office buildings, the majority of which are well under way and
nearing completion, while six for which permits were issued during the agi-
tation of the subject of limiting the height of buildings will not
be constructed for some time, possibly years. The large buildings now in
process of construction are as follows: The Unity at a cost of $750,000 ;
Cook County Abstract and Trust Company, $600,000 ; Ashland block, $600,-
000 ; German Opeia House, $600,000 ; the Newberry Library, $500,000 ; the
Mecca apartment house, $600,000 ; the Venetian, $300,000 ; Hopson's Hotel,
$250,000 ; J. W.Ellsworth's office building at 353 and 359 Dearborn street,
$250,000 ; Chicago Athletic Association's -Club House, $200,000 ; John M.
Smyth's mercantile building, "$200,000 ; American Express Company's Stables
at ISebor and Clinton streets, $200,000. The large buildings for which per-
mits were issued, and on which work has not jet been commenced are as
follows : The Marquette, on the site of the Honore block, $900,000 ; Hig-
gins & Furber's, sixteen-story store and office building at the southeast corner
of State and Washington streets, $800,000 ; D. E. Blodgett, a twelve-story
office structure on the site of the Times building at Fifth avenue and Wash-
ington street. $700,000 ; D. E. Bradley, a sixteen-story office structure on
Quincy and Jackson streets, east of Dearborn, $600,000; Francis Barlett's
sixteen story office building on the south side of Van Buren street, between
Dearborn street and Plymouth place, $600,000 ; Brooks estate on Dearborn
street, north of Van Buren, sixteen-story office building, $600,000 ; Byron L.
Smith, sixteen story store and office building at the southwest corner of Mich-
igan avenue and Washington street, $400,000 ; William A. Giles, twelve-story
office building at the northeast corner of Jackson street and Fifth avenue,
$400,000 ; the George A. Fuller Company, a fourteen-story mercantile build-
ing at 147 and 153 Fifth avenue, $400,000 ; and Otto Young, sixteen-story
store and office building at the northwest corner of State and Madison streets,
$288.000; the total involving an expenditure of $10,738,000.
Other notable buildings for which permits were issued during 1891, many
of which are now completed, are as follows: The six-story store and apart-
ment house being erected by St. Luke's Hospital at 1423 and 1429 Michigan
avenue, at a cost of $140,000; estate of B. F.Tobin, six-story apartment house
at the southeast corner of Cottage Grove avenue and Thirty third street, at a
cost of $125,000; B. Philpot, four-story store and Hat buildings at the north-
west corner of Michigan avenue and Thirteenth street, $100,000; A. Turner,
a four story apartment house at Forty seventh street and Ellis avenue, $100,-
000: John A. Lynch, a three-story residence and barn at 562 and 568 North
State street, $100,000; J. W. Oakley, six story warehouse at 112 and 120
Michigan street, $100,000; M. Krause, six-story warehouse at 158 to 168 West
Randolph street, $100,000; Western Wheel Works, a five-story factory at 127
CHICAGO AS IT IS. 107
and 139 Sigel street, $80,000; L. Wolff Manufacturing Company, to Deconstruct
and add three stories to the building at 91 Dearborn street, $75,000; Frank
Turner, five four story and basement store and flat buildings at 1254 and 1258 1
North Clark street, $70,000; Taylor, Allen & Co., seven three-story houses at
5026 and 5088 Washington avenue, $70,000; George Hankius, eight four-story
flat buildings at the southeast corner of Twenty -sixth street and Indiana ave-
nue, $75,000; A. L. Patterson, seven four-story store and flat buildings at
Forty-third street and Evans avenue, $75,000; F. D. Clarke, ten-story apart-
ment house at 333 and 335 Michigan avenue, $75,000; Einstein &Merritt, four-
story store building at 201 and 207 State street, $70,000; the Citizen's Brewing
Company, a six-story brew-house at 2754 and 8764 Archer avenue, $200,000;
the Standard Brewing Company, an $80,000 plant at the southwest corner of
Twelfth street and Campbell avenue; Peter Hand Brewing Company, a $60,-
000 plant at 35 to 47 Sheffield avenue, while Brewer & Hoffman enlarged their
plant to the extent of $50,000, and the Anheuser-Busch Company, of St.
Louis, built a supply depot at a cost of $50,000.
The city erected twenty-two school buildings, at an average cost of $70,-
000, making a total of $1,540,000. The buildings are mostly three stories
high and contain sixteen rooms, each with a capacity for about sixty pupils.
They are constructed of brick, stone and terra cotta, the interiors being nicely
finished and heated by steam.
SHIP. AND DRAINAGE CANAL.
The question of drainage is one that has received the most earnest atten-
tion of the people of Chicago during recent years. It involves so much of
momentous importance that the State of Illinois has placed it in the hands of
a Drainage Commission, with powers equal to those exercised by the county
or municipal governments. These powers embrace the borrowing of an enor-
mous amount of mouey upon the credit of the people owning property in the
districts to be affected by the carrying out of the scheme, the condemnation
of Und, the digging of canals, the construction of dams, dykes, docks, etc.,
etc., and the general management of the drainage system of the district known
as the Desplaines Water Shed. It would require a volume in itself to give a
proper review of the drainage questioe. The chief features only can be
treated of here:
Changing the Water Flow. In the remote past the overflow of the waters
of Lake Superior and Lake Michigan ran through the Mississippi south to the
Gulf of Mexico, instead of as now northeast through the Gulf of St. Law-
rence to the Atlantic. At the same time Lake Erie was emptying into the
Atlantic through Lake Ontario and the St. Lawrence; not by the Niagara, but
by the Dundas valley, a channel not far from the line of the present Welland
canal. Then, at some epoch unknown and for some cause unguessed, the
Detroit strait and the Niagara strait were opened, Lake Michigan slowly fell
about thirty feet, and its outlet (now "the Divide, "at Summit, close to nity
limits, twelve miles southwest of the Court-house) gradually filled up wUh
108
GUIDE TO CHICAGO.
THE SANITARY DRAINAGE DISTRICT.
CHICAGO AS IT IS. 109
mixed deposit; so that to-day the dry bed of "Mud Lake " ia the sole remain-
ing representative of the once great southward waterway. Within a few
years, long before the close of the nineteenth century, the old order of things
must be re-established and mighty Michigan once more find its waters flowing
southward. The hand of man will compel it again to turn in its bed, and lie
with its head to the north aud its foot to the south as of old. The canal which
is to be built as an outlet will carry a stream of water 160 feet wide, 18 feet deep,
flowing 2 J miles an hour. Through this canal the largest steamers might float,
but it is not intended that passage through shall be provided for them, because
the locks by which they would have to descend (151| feet) to reach the Illi-
nois river are too small and the river itself is far too shallow for their accom-
modation. Some Mississippi boats can come to us, but our stately ships can
not go to them. Each must break bulk in Chicago. Also an important
consideration light draft gunboats may pass and repass freely between the
great lakes and the great river. As we stand now, any nation having control
of the St. Lawrence and the Welland canal has at least the highway necessary
to command Lakes Erie, St. Clair, Huron and Michigan with all that lies on
their shores.
Cost of the Undertaking. To accomplish the ends desired will cost the
Sanitary District (practically the city of Chicago) about $20,000,000.
Disposing of Chicago Sewage. Theone great object of this ship canal, how-
ever, is to dispose of Chicago sewage. When the population was small, the
city was drained by the Chicago river and the lake. Years ago it became
apparent that a change would have to be made in this respect. The course
of the Chicago river is naturally into Lake Michigan, but pumping works
were erected at Bridgeport, in the southwestern part of the city, which lift an
average of 40,000 cubic feet per minute into the Illinois and Michigan Canal,
causing, under ordinary conditions, a perceptible current away from the lake.
The water thus pumped into the canal flows south to the Illinois river and
thence to the Mississippi. Pumping works at Fullerton avenue, on the north
branchof the Chicago river, force water from the lake into thatstream, diluting
its contents, and furnishing the head needed for a flow toward the Bridgeport
pumps. This means of disposing of the city's sewage is wholly inadequate
to its needs, and the pollution of the water supply of the city is constantly
menaced. Measures have therefore been taken to construct a large gravity
channel as an outlet for the sewage of Chicago into the Illinois river. The
Chicago Sanitary District has been formed by act of Legislature of the State
of Illinois; nine trustees have been elected to supervise the construction of a
channel; a corps of engineers has been set at work making preliminary sur-
veys, and plans are being perfected for a channel which will answer the
double purpose of disposing of the city's sewage and establishing a naviga-
ble waterway for the interchange of commerce between Lake Michigan and
the Mississippi river.
Route of the Ship Canal. A trip over the route of the great ship and drain-
age canal will be interesting and iastructive to visitors who are of an inquir-
ing or of a scientific turn of mind. Starting from Bridgeport, where is located
the present pumping works (Ashland and Archer avenues), whose ponderous
engines are laboriously lifting, every minute, 60,000 cubic feet of the slimy,
filthy water of the river, at a cost of $1,000 per week, we strike right across
the country to Summit. Here we come to the bank of the ' ' Ogden-Went-
worth ditch," well known by name to very many and by face to very few.
110 GUIDE TO CHICAGO.
Sometimes it has been a great, moving flood, bringing Desplaines water in
to work harm to all the low-lying partsof Southwestern Chicago. Now it is a
huge gutter, dry, except for a sluggish rivulet trickling along its middle.
Its purpose was to drain Mud Lake, and by its aid that long, narrow basin is
now and has been for many years dry land at least land dry enough for
agriculture, and to some extent for humble habitation by theunexacting poor.
Its course presents few attractions none, unless the great Chicago Bride-
well be called attractive, which it is not, usually rather to be avoided if con-
venient.
Eight miles out, at the head of the ditch, is the " Ogden Dam,'' another
entity whereof many know the name who would not recognize the aspect if
they met it in their morning walks. It is a plank wall perhaps twelve feet
high on an average, running less than 100 feet northerly and southerly, bar-
ring the eastward flow of the Deeplaines river, save when spring floods over-
top it, Mud Lake becomes once more a lake, and its waters flow with great
speed and volume unchecked toward the city, where they enter the South
Branch and drive its foul winter accumulations out into the lake our drink-
ing fountain.
So we have reached the famous "Divide." This is" Summit." Before
us is the Desplaines, flowing toward the warm, torrid Gulf of Mexico; bebind
us the waters that are destined to the Gulf of St. Lawrence by icy, stormy
Labrador. We have come eight miles fr m Bridgeport, and all the way on
our left we have passed the present canal, its course marked by the long high
pile ol rocks excavated from its bed. Just beyond the canal is the Chicago
& Alton railroad, which closely follows its course nearly all the way to Joliet,
and just this side of it the Chicago and Santa Fe, which crosses the ditch east
of the dam.
It happens quite by accident that the first stretch of the Ogden Ditch
points directly toward the Auditorium tower, and, as we look back along its
course, that square structure is perfectly visible with a glass may be faintly
descried with the naked eye in favorable states of the atmosphere, looming
In the little gap between the low shrubbery that has sprung up on either side
of the watercourse.
Turning our backsto Lake Michigan we see before us to the southwest the
"twelve-mile level " of the Desplaines. At this dry time it is almost without
current, and the landscape along its banks is as tame and featureless as
can well be imagined. Even the canal itself has more fall here than the
river, and its bed is some twelve feet lower than the surface of the stream.
The rolling prairie near Summit changes to a wooded ridge coming in from
the left as we near Willow Springs, a place attractive to festive picnickers
brought out by the Alton and tlie Santa Fe railways, the former following
the left bank and the latter the right. Following the tow path we come in
sight of frequent piles of waste rock, showing that we are entering the great
quarry district. The old canal (still some feet lower than the river) runs near
a high wooded ridge that marks the southeasterly limit of the valley. At
length this ridge begins to grow lower; we are approaching the "Sag" feeder
which used tobring water from the Calumet river anddeliveritto the canal.
Wearily we climb the hill, when, all at once, a strong, cool breeze greets the
beaded brow, and lifting the eyes they are surprised with the sight of abroad
green vale stretching eastward far below, bringing a silvery, winding stream
and a refreshing breath of unmistakable Lnke Michigan air. Here is a ceme-
tery and a Catholic priest in attendance. From him we learn :
CHICAGO AS It IS. Ill
' ' This is the Sag Bottoms before you. It is a low area of land running to
Calumet Lake, some twenty-five miles away. The Indians who used to live
here called the stream the Au-sag-nous-ki, the west grass valley. You see
that winding stream? Well, that's the Sag feeder, the old Calumet Canal.
Buck about '50 they used to run passenger-boats down the feeder. There
wereu'tany railroads to speak of then. The feeder runs clear through from
the Calumet river to Stony Creek, round Lane's Island (which isn't an island
at all, but only high ground), and down through the bottoms into the Illinois
and Michigan Canal just below here. That is the town of Sag over there."
We descend and follow the feeder to its junction with the canal. Its
water is low now, since the canal was deepened (1870), but there is still a cur-
rent passing under the bridge of the railway, its successful and dominant
rival. From Hastings to Lemont the canal presents a lively aspect. Quarry
succeeds quarry in close succession. Each has its swinging cranes at work
loading track-cars and canal-boats, and the canal is frequently bridged with
"locomotive cranes "running on supporting trusses, and carry ing huge blocks
of stone from the quarries to the mills to be sawed or planed into building
blocks or flag-stones. In the quarries proper the scene is active and the sound
continuous. Steam drills and channelers bore and carve the sandstone, and
brawny arms raise and drop the heavy hand-drill. Here is a line of men
sinking a series of wedge-holes into a stratum of the milk-white rock ; beyond
is another line driving a row of wedges with fast-falling blows of the sledge-
hammer. A sharp, cracking noise and the ;plit has run from hole to hole,
and with a grinding sound a long, narrow strip of stone pushes out from its
immemorial bed. "Do you see those men slinking off through the weeds on
the hill ? They are getting out of the way of a blast." Sure enough, in a few
seconds a sound of cannon-shot indicates that several blasts have been fired
simultaneously by electricity. A mass of smoke rises, and as the cloud dis-
perses it discloses a shower of fragments and falling stones.
Below Lemont some extensive earth-moving, "scalping," is doing by
steam shovels to s.trip the rock for quarrying. Though the Desplaines here is
broad, shallow and sluggish, yet it has already fallen a good deal, for it is
now about level with the canal or lower. These inexhaustible quarries of
easily-worked stone are a great and ownly partly recognized factor in making
Chicago what she is and what she will be. Timber to the north, coal to the
south, a great lake to the northeast, a great river to the southwest, and a
glorious country all around what more could be asked to build her up to be
the metropolis of America? Nothing but something to build with. And she
has it all. Lumber is her great staple. Brick, clay and building-sand are her
very foundation, and a whole valley of kindly rock is at her very door. In
truth Chicago is Nature's chosen tabernacle. Vain vain and foolish for us
Chicagoans to fancy that we made our city, for it is Chicago which haa made
us. From Lemont to Lockport the vallev widens, the bottoms forming level
and open areas of prairie. At Lockport the river is some twenty-five feet
lower than at Lemont. Lockport is a large and interesting manufacturing
town, showing the effect of the water-power which even the old canal has
furnished. Much surplus water is now wasting here; not because it is not
valuable, but because it is the product of Vie increased action of the Bridge-
port pumps, an increase which has accrued too lately to allow time to erect
the mills which should be using the power. The flood forms a raging torrent
forty feet wide, attractive to the eye, offensive to the nose.
From Lockport to Joliet is eight miles, but the drainage canal, strictly
112 GUIDE TO CHICAGO.
speaking, ceases at Lockport, thirty-four miles below Chicago, where the
river bed becomes low enough to care for the water. The canal is under way
and will surely be completed within our own times. All craft short of our
great lakers will use it. By water to the gulf and beyond will be part of our
daily traffic.
Note. -The canal and its route are almost as far from construction or
determination at this writing as they were when the last edition of the Guide
was given to the public. There is so much vagueness connected with the work
of the commission and the engineers, and so much uncertainty as to plans,
that the compiler does not feel justified in changing the foregoing matter'
There is nothing better to substitute.
WATER WORKS.
The water works of Chicago are among the wonders of the city, not
alone because of their magnitude, but because of the magnificent engineering
features which they present to the intelligent or curious visitor. The great
central pumping works of the system are as follows: Foot of Chicago avenue,
North Side. Take North Clark street" cable or State street car to Chicago
avenue, and walk east toward the lake. These works are at the Southern
end of the Lake Shore drive and should be visited by all strangers. West
Side works, corner of Blue Island avenue and Twenty -second street. Take
Blue Island avenue car. Central pumping station, West Harrison street;
between Desplaines and Halsted streets. Take Harrison street o-r South
Halsted street cars. To visit the different " cribs " situated in Lake Michi-
gan, during the summer months, take excursion boats on the lake shore, foot
of Van Buren street. The fare for round trip is 25 cents. The area of Chi-
cago is about 181 square miles, the greater part of which is thickly populated,
requiring good facilities for an abundant supply of water. This is drawn
from Lake Michigan by a number of separate water works, all of which are
operated upon the same plan. Owing to the perfectly level plain upon which
Chicago is built, there is no natural elevation available for the establishment
of reservoirs. The water, when drawn from the lake, is pumped directly into
the mains against a stand-pipe head of about 100 feet.
Description of Water Works. The Water Works System may be intelli-
gently described by confining ourselves to the principal Water Works, or
those now in full operation. Two miles from the shore, in the lake, a substan-
tial structure is located, which is popularly styled "the crib," within which
is an iron cylinder 9 feet in diameter, extending down 31 feet below the bot-
tom of the lake, and connecting with two distinct tunnels leading to separate
pumping works on shore. Water is admitted into the crib from the surface
of the lake, its flow being regulated by a gate. The tunnel first constructed
is five feet in diameter, and commiraicates with the pumping works at the
foot of Chicago ave., where there are four double and two single engines,
[Engraved for The Standard Guide Company.]
MASONIC TEMPLE, STATE AND RANDOLPH STS.
[See "Guide."]
CHICAGO AS IT IS. 113
which furnishes a daily average of 50,000,000 gallons under a head of 105.7
feet. The second tunnel is seven feet in diameter, and extends under the lake
and under the eity, a distance of six miles, to the pumping works on the
West Side, in which there are four engines whose daily performance is about
61,000,000 gallons under a head of 106 feet. A new central pumping station
has recently been built on West Harrison St., between Desplaines and Halsted
sts. , which is for the present obtaining its supply of water from the seven-
foot tunnel just referred to. It is equipped with two triple expansion
engines, built by the Edward P. Allis Company, of Milwaukee, each weigh-
ing 440 tons, including pumps, and each calculated to deliver 15,000,000 gal-
lons daily against ahead of 125 feet, with a steam pressure of 125 pounds.
With a view to meeting the requirements in the near future of this rapidly
growing city, a new lake tunnel is in course of construction. The in-take to
this tunnel will be located four miles from shore, to avoid the pollution of
the water supply from the drainage into the lake. The original plans con-
templated an eight-foot tunnel, but difficulties were encountered in the
nature of the soil which made it necessary to reduce the size, and two six-
foot tunnels are now being driven. An intermediate crib has been built, two
and one-half miles from shore, to enable the water supply from this source
to be made available at an early day. The central pumping station at Harri-
son st. will eventually draw its supply from this new tunnel, as will another
pumping station now in course of erection on Fourteenth st. The latter sta-
tion will be supplied with four triple expansion engines of the same pattern
as those at the Harrison street station.
Cost of Water Works. The total cost of the works constituting the
Chicago Water system is as fojlows:
Cost up to May 6, 1861, when the works were transferred from Board
of Water Commissioners to the Board of Public works $1,020,160 21
Expenditures since 1861.
Cost of water pipe laid (including labor) $7,812,132 37
Cost of North pumping works 918,57314
Cost of West pumping works 896,849 37
Cost of first lake tunnel 464,866 37
Cost of second lake tunnel 415,709 36
Cost of lake crib protection 149,431 63
Cost of new lake tunnel 232,46619
Cost of land tunnel to West pumping works 542,912 63
Cost of new land tunnel 254,894 38
Cost of lake tunnel crib 70,31910
Cost of lake shore inlet 43,871 17
Cost of new lake shore inlet 84,47417
Cost of water worlds shop 25,551 73
Cost of water works stock 29,318 00
Cost of water reservoir fence v . . . 1,702 87
Cost of addition to stable 1,01948
Cost of real estate for sites of new pumping works 200,972 35
Cost on account of Central pumping works 235,150 11
Cost on account of South Side pumping works 141,743 46
Cost on account of new lake crib 19'i,263 65
Cost on account ot breakwater 28,181 93
Total cost of the entire water works to December 31, 1889 $13,772,562 25
Amounts expended in 1890 1,250,00000
Total cost to December 31, 1890 $15,038,562 25
Total Cost to Dec. 31, 1891 (estimated) 18,000,000
114 GUIDE TO CHICAGO.
New Water Tunnels. The new water tunnels will be completed long before
the World's Columbian Exposition is held here. It is expected that the
additional water supply will pas through these tunnels and be distributed in
the city before the close of 1892.
Source of Water Supply. The water supply of Chicago and her environs
is taken from Lake Michigan, which is a part of the chain of lakes and rivers
composing the basin of the St. Lawrence. To form some idea of this inex-
haustible and magnificent reservoir of pure water, at the" very doors of her
people, it is only necessary to give a few pertinent statistics. The chief
geographer of the United States geological survey gives the following
data: Area of basin of St. Lawrence, 457,000 square miles, of which
330,000 belong to Canada, 127,000 to the United States. Lake Superior
area, 31,200 square miles; length, 412 miles; minimum breadth, 167
miles; maximum depth, 1,008 feet; altitude above sea level, 602 feet.
Lake Huron area, 21,000 square miles; 263 miles long, 101 broad; maxi-
mum depth, 702 feet, altitude, 581 feet. Lake St. Glair, 29 miles long;
Lake Erie, area, 9,960 square miles; length, 250 miles; maximum breadth, 60
miles; maximum depth, 210 feet; altitude, 573 feet, aud above Lake Ontario
326 feet. Lake Ontario area, 7, 240 square miles; length, 190 miles; breadth,
54 miles; maximum depth, 738 feet; altitude, 247 feet. Lake Michigan
area, 22,450 square miles; maximum breadth, 84 miles; length, 345 miles,
maximum depth, 870 feet; altitude, 581 feet.
Temperature of Lake Water. The average temperature of the water in
the lake, from observations taken at the crib during the year 1891, was: Jan-
uary, 32.0; February, 32.0; March, 35. 4; April, 43.3; May, 51.9, June, 54.9;
July, 6.5.9; August, 60.2; October, 50.6; November, 43.0; December, 37.5.
Water Towers. For the benefit of those wlio do not understand the prin-
ciples of water distribution in a great city, the following explanation is
given : A tunnel from the crib in the lake is built on an iucline so that the
water pours into a well under tokery,with over 600 rooms, is a wilderness of
offices, one great pile of marble, andiron, and glass, and tiling. The Home
Insurance Company Building, which, when completed a few years ago, was
looked upon as the ultima thule in office buildings, has had its dizzy heights
capped by two additional stories, so that the occupnnts of the top floor look
down upon those of the top floor of the Rookery. The Tacorna, that grace-
ful structure on the northeast corner of Madison and LaSalle streets, has 500
abodes on its many floors. Mailer's building, on the southwest corner of
LaSalle and Quincy streets; the Gaff and Counseknan Buildings, and the
Royal Insurance Company's building adjoining, contain 110 and 200 and 300
and 400 offices. "Brother Jonathan" Building, on Sherman and Jackson
streets; the Rialto, which gives the Board of Trade a Venetian atmosphere,
and the Insurance Exchange, opposite the Rookery, are colonies within
themselves.
Some Notable Examples. At the proper time and in the proper place many
of the great structures of Chicago will be pointed out to the visitor and
described. Some of the great architectural monuments that shall demand
attention here are, the Board of Trade, the '^.Rookery," the Phoenix building,
the Counselman building, the Gaff building, the Insurance Exchange build-
ing, the Home Insurance building, the Calumet building, the Tacoma
building, the Chamber of Commerce bldg., the Manhattan blag., the Temple,
the Ashland bldg., the new German Theatre, and the City Hall and Court
House ; all of which may be seen in a walk down La Salle street, from Ran-
dolph to Jackson street. Marshall Field & Co.'s retail store, the Palmer
House and the Leiter building, on State street. The Auditorium, Stude-
baker, Art Institute and Pullman buildings, on Michigan avenue. The im-
mense structures that are now rising, and have arisen like giants on South
Dearborn street during the past two years; the Rialto and surround-
ing structures on Van Buren street ; the Royal Insurance building on Jackson
street; the Rand &McNally, and the Marshall Field & Co.'s building on Adams
street ; the Grand Central'railroad depot on Fifth ave.; the Herald building
on Washington street, and the First Regiment Armory on Michigan boule-
vard. Besides these, the great Masonic Temple, the Temperance Temple,
and a score of other magnificent structures, now in course of erection, will
add to the amazement of the foreign or the American visitor, who has been
taught to look upon Chicago as a clumsily-built Western town.
Stfd, Construction. Chicago is rapidly becoming a city of steel from the
enormous quantity of that material used in the great down-town buildings.
This extensive use of rolled steel for the skeletons of massive sky scrapers has
not only revolutionized the style of building, but it has as well created a new
industry. The Chicago Opera House was the first fire proof building in the
city in which this radical departure in building rules was tnade. The floor
THE ENCYCLOPEDIA* 131
beams were those first used of steel. The columns were of cast iron. Then
followed the Rookery, Counselman, Gaff and Boaid of Trade buildings, all
with steel beams and cast iron columns. But steel is gradually replacing
cast-iron for columns. The Rand-McNally building was the first in which
steel was used exclusively. But the Monadnock, Pontiac, Caxton, Kearsage,
Northern Hotel, Masonic and Tempi ranee Temples, the new Athletic Club
building, the Ashland building, the Cook County Abstract building and the
Fair building, are all steel structures. The steel used besides the beams and
columns is found intheframesof bay windows, roof work, supports for roofs
in fact, everything that assists in holding the weight of the building. The
foundations also are of steel.
WHERE THE STEEL COMES FROM. This steel comes from various points.
Almost all the heavy steel rails used in foundations are made by the Illinois
Steel Company here in Chicago. These are the regular rails in use on rail-
ways. Rails are made to weigh from sixty to eighty pounds to the yard in
length. The seventy-five pound rails are the ones used in foundations. Those
foundations are laid deep of tiers of rails crossed, and are extended always
into the street or alley beyond the building line, the distance varying accord-
ing to the height and weight of the building. To illustrate: Under
the Fair building foundation rails reach out twelve feet under the street and
nine feet under the alley.
Of the steel beams 90 per cent, comes from Pittsburgh, from the mills of
Carnegie, Phipps & Co. and Jones & Laughlin. A heavy trade in beams is
also done in Potts ville, Pa.; Trenton, N. J.jaud Pho3nixville, Pa. Certain
sizes of steel beams are made by the Illinois Steel Company.
COST OF STEEL BUILDING. Steel columns and beams are worth $75
a ton delivered in Chicago. The combination price of steel beams is $3.20 a
hundred pounds, without any fittings, Chicago delivery. Small materials in
steel for such as windows and roof work cost from 3 to 5 cents a pound. The
price on steel varies but little, as the mills have an agreement and there are
but trifling deviations. As to relative cost of a steel-ribbed building to day
and one of the best styled structures, say, ten years ago, the modern one is
the more expensive, for labor is costlier now than then. What really gave
birth to this steel style of construction was the fact that none of the down-
town Chicagoans wanted to leave the center of the city. Land and space
grew more valuable and taller buildings became a necessity. The principal
advantage of steel ones and the old style of construction is that the building
can be m-ide higher with safety. This style is lighter and stronger than the
old method, too.
Steel is succeeding cast iron. This is largely due to the fact that there
is no practicable way of testing cast iron, while there is of steel. None of the
manufacturers have ever made a machine to test cast iron. Cast iron col-
umns are cast hollow while lying horizontally. The metal which is poured
in, by running round the core to the bottom first, may press the core upward,
so that on cooling the upper side of the column may be thinner than the
under side. Again, there may be air bubbles form between two currents
of molten metal. What inspection is made is to look for those two defects.
One method to determine the thickness is to bore small holes through the
column, but there is absolutely no way to discover those air bubbles. The
only other test is to set the column on end and bring an enormous hydraulic
pressure to bear on it. Cast iron columns are fastened together in the build-
132 GUIDE TO CHICAGO.
ing by bolts screwed on, while steel columns are riveted together in the build-
ing with redhot rivets. This makes the structure more solid.
TESTING STEEL COLUMNS. The manner of testing steel is thorough.
The steel used is the Bessemer, and is rolled between wheels under a tremen-
dous pressure. Air bubbles are pressed out. The columns are not round.
They are made in plate form and riveted. They can be seen on all sides so
as to determine their thickness. The inspection is elaborate. The inspec-
tors take a quantity of ore out of each " blow " and test it as to the quality of
the steel it will make. If it is not up to the requirements builders take no
steel made from that "blow." It is inspected and tested again when the steel
is made and again while it is being put together, and if found defective at
any point it is not used. Again, every piece of structural steel is numbered;
not only that, but the ore is designated that shall go into a certain piece of
steel. ^ So thorough is this followed in detail and recorded that a builder by
referring to his office record can trace back the course of any piece of steel
in a building through the three stages of inspection, back to its original ore
shape. In case of an accident he could thus locate the responsibility.
INSPECTION OP STEEL. One of those inspections tests the breaking power
of the steel, and builders load a building above one-fifth of that breaking
power. In calculating so as to insure safety, they figure first on the straight
downward pressure, then on the resistance of the wind. Besides this, on the
tops of all these big office buildings are great water tanks to furnish water
to run elevators and for the bowls, as the city water pressure does not drive
water to the top of sky-scrapers. Those full tanks are of tremendous weight.
There must be extra support for their weight. Then the strain on an eleva-
tor is enormous at times. If filled with people, it is going down rapidly and
suddenly stops, the columns supporting that elevator must be extra strong
or something will break. There are do/ens of things that must be allowed
for. It's a trade, a profession by itself, and there's plenty of room for think-
ing in it. Every precaution is taken to guard against accident and to assure
safety; that is to say, among those architects and builders of the city who
have devoted great time to this class of structures and whose names are
identified in the public mind with this Chicago style of architecture.
ART.
There are estimated to be in Chicago at least five hundred artists, who
are engaged exclusively in their calling, and who find a ready market for
their work, if it is meritorious in character. There are here a large number
of gentleman of wealth who have devoted themselves for years past to fos-
tering the development of art in Chicago, and who have contributed largely
toward popularizing art exhibitions and art studies. During the past few
years great progress has been made in the direction of building of private gal-
leries, and the walls of many of the residences of the city are now orna-
mented with some of the choicest productions of the studios of Europe and
America.
. THE ENCYCLOPEDIA. 133
Permanent Art Building. Now in course of construction, on the Lake
Front, site of the old later-State Expositon building, main entrance to face
Adams st. Within easy walking distance of all railroad depots, street car
terminals, hotels, etc., in the heart of the business center. This magnificent
structure takes the place of the present Art Institute, Michigan ave. and Van
Buren St., which passes into the possesion of the Chicago Club. The design
of the new institute was prepared by Architects Shepley, Rutan and Cool-
idge, and was subjected to changes at the hands of the Committee on Build-
ings. The structure has a frontage of 320 feet on Michigan ave.; the main
depth is 175 feet, with projections making an arc 208 ftet in depth. The
plan is that of a parallelogram. It consists of two galleries, the tirst being
devoted to plaster casts, sculptures, busts, models, etc. ; the second to pictures,
being lighted by sky-lights from above. The main galleries are twenty-seven
feet wide and the second galleries twelve feet wide. The main staircase is
directly in front as the visitor enters. On one side is a lecture room capable
of seating 1,000 people, and on the other a library in which is kept the refer-
ence boous pertaining to art. The plan of the picture galleries is similar to
that of the statuary halls below, except that most of the rooms are lighted by
skylights. The whole building is constructed of Bedford liaieslone, with
a base of granite extending to the water-table. The lower portion is rusti-
cated as far as the top of the first floor. Above this is a plain band of
chiseled stone, and surmounting this is panels filled with statuary. Sur-
mounting this is an entablature and cornice richly decorated, the effect of
which is highly increased by the plain surface below. The idea of the exte-
rior is to the main masses plain and simple, grouping the richness in certain
places which are important in the design of the building. The roof is of
copper and glass and presents au ornate and artistic appearance. The entrance
hall is marble, and the principal feature is the grand staircase, which is in a
case fifty feet square. This is lighted by a large skylight overhead, and an
arcade is formed by arches on all four sides. The marble work of the
staircase is white, and the decoration is in keeping with it. The vestibule Is
in marble and mosaic, and beyond this is the entrance hall, which is in mar-
ble, with mosaic floors and ceiling. The galleries lead out from this from
either side, and are entered through arched openings. The plans provided for the
use of hollow brick inner walls overlaid with one and one-half inch planks, cov-
ered with canvas, which allows heavy pictures to be screwed to the walls where
most convenient. The building is lighted by electricity, and all modern
improvements are used. It has been decided by the Art Institute Trustees not
to build* the grand staircase and central wing until after the close of the Fair.
The present staircase is a double one, eight feet wide, and will furnish ample
room. The building stands as far back from the Michigan avenue sidewalk
as it can be placed, and furnish room for a roadway between it and the
Illinois Central tracks. The entrance to the vestibule is through three arched
openings. The funds for the construction of the Art Palace were derived
from three sources. The Art Institute, by the sale of its old building to the
Chicago Club, realized $275,000, the World's Fair Directory contributed
$200,000, and Charles L. Hutchinson, President of the Art Institute, raised by
private subscription $55,000. This makes a total of $530,000; but an addi-
tional $70,000 was raised, so that the total cost amounted to $600,000.
Art Institute of Chicago, Art Museum. Located in the Art Institute
building, Michigan avenue and Van Buren street; incorporated May 24, 1879.
Officers Charles L. Hutchinson, president; James H. Dole, vice president;
134 GUIDE TO CHICAGO.
Lyman J. Gage, treasurer, N. H. Carpenter, secretary. W. M. R. French,
director. Executive Committee Charles L. Hutchinson, A. A. Sprague,
James H. Dole. Charles D. Hamill, John C. Black, William T. Baker.
Trustees, 1890-91 Charles L. Hutchinson, Samuel M. Nickerson, David
W. Irwin, Martin A. Ryerson, William T. Baker, Eliphalet W. Blatchfnrd,
Nathaniel K. Fairbank, James H. Dole, Albert A. Sprague, John C. Black,
Adolphus C. Bartlett, J. J. Glessner, Charles D. Hamill, Edson Kekli, Levi
Z. Leiter, Wirt D. Walker, Homer N. Hibbard, Marshall Field, George N.
Culver, P. C. Handford.
The Art Institute building [see illustration] has been pronounced by crit-
ics the finest specimen of modern architecture in Chicago. It is built of
brown stone; has a beautiful facade, is splendidly located, lighted perfectly,
and, although not as massive in construction as some of its neighbors, is one of
the attractive edifices of the Lake Front. The Art Institute owes its origin
and prosperity to the disinterested and energetic services of a few Chicago
gentlemen, who have expended upon it not only a great deal of their private
means, but much of their time during the past ten years. During 1889 a
very handsome addition was made to the building, which led to some very
desirable changes in the interior arrangement. The portion of the Art Insti-
tute formerly occupied by sky -lighted picture galleries, was carried up three
floors, thus raising all the galleries to the fourth floor, and two floors of the
same area as the former picture gallaries were added for exhibitioner other
uses. These gallaries are six in number, of which five occupy a space of 170
by 27 feet; and the other a space of 40 by 50 feet. They accommodate about
550 pictures when closely hung, and the light and appointments are in every
way excellent. The Cast collection occupies the whole of the main floor and
one large room upon the second floor. The Library is accommodated in a
commodious room. The collection of Greek vasea and antiquities occupies
one room and the metal collection and bronzes another. A space on the
third floor has been arranged fora lecture room. The building is provided
with two passenger elevators. The following societies are tenants of the
building: The Chicago Literary Club, The Fortnightly Club, The Chicago
Women's Club, The Chicago Society of Decorative Art, The Kindergarten
Training School.
There are now in the Art Institute thirteen pictures from the collection of
Prince Demidoff, together with one by Holbein from the May collec-
tion in Paris, which constitute a group of Old Dutch Masters of such
value and interest as perhaps has never before crossed the ocean. They are a
part of the permanent collection of the Art Institute, the purchasers relying
on the generosity of the friends of the Art Institute to pay for them and
present them to the museum. Some have already been so presented. Several
of these pictures, such as the examples of Hobbema and Van Ostade are
among the most important known works of the Masters, and all are important
pictures in perfect preservation. The Masters represented are Hobbema, Van
Ostade, Rembrandt, Franz Hals, Ruysdael, Van Mieris, Holbein, Teniers,
Van Dyck, Rubens, "Jan Steen, Adr. Van de Velde, Terburg and Zeeman.
The presence of this group of pictures is sufficient to give our collection
good standing among American museums, and their acquisition is the most
important step of the year.
THE ENCYCLOPEDIA. 135
As an evidence of the popularity of the Art Institute among the people,
the following facts are given: During the year 1889-90 the building was
closed half the time on account of building operations. The aggregate
attendance of visitors to the museum during the six months was 66,927, and
the 'admission fees and catalogue sales amounted to $1 .942.15; number of visit-
ors paid admission fees, 5,344; number on free days, 45,915; number admitted
free on membership tickets, other days, 12,667; number of visitors, students,
artists; etc., admitted free, on other days (estimated) 3, 000; total admission,
66,926; average number of visitors on Saturdays, free all day, 6G9; average
number of visitors on Sundays, open 1 to 5, free, 855. The income from all
sources for the year was $44,624.71; current expenses, $43,850.60; cash
donations, $25,685.03. The whole income from all sources (aside from sums
which merely passed through the treasury) was $70,309.74. The original cost
of the land, with the building upon it, was $61,000; the amount expended
by the Art Institute in building since that time has aggregated $208,500.
The value of the collections now in the keeping of the institute, partly
the property of the Art Institute, but chiefly loans, considerably exceeds
$500,000. Large additions are being made annually to the collections in the
galleries and museum. The principal accessions of late have been: A collec-
tion of Greek vases and antique marbles, and other objects, the gift of Mr.
Philip D. Armour and Mr. Charles L. Hutchinson; a full set of chromo-litbo-
graph reproductions of the old masters, published by the Arundel Society,
presented by Mr. Edward E. Ay er; a collection of works in metal, chiefly
electrotype reproductions, presented by Mr. Martin A. Ryerson and Mr.
Hutchinson; oil paintings, "The Shepherd's Star," by Jules Breton, pre-
sented by Mr. Philip D. Amour; " Marsh in the North of Holland," by
Eugene Jettel, presented by P. C. Hanford; " The Close of Day," by Charles
H. Davis, purchased from the gift of the Opera Festival Association; Gobelin
Tapestry, presented by -Mr. Charles J. Singer. The Cast collection has been
enriched by the fine collection of antique sculpture presented by the Inter-
State Industrial Exposition of Chicago, and the library has received the
splendid work upon the Basilica of St. Marks, presented b-y Mr. Franklin
MacVeagh and Mr. Hutchinson.
During Mr. Hutchinson's visit to Europe in 1890, he made numerous
purchases for the Art Institute. Among them are two fine examples of
carved ivory. One of these, a triptych, represents in high relief on the cen-
tral tablet the flight of the holy family into Egypt. The virgin, with the
child Jesus in her arms, is seated on an ass that is being led by an angel, who
is feeding the animal from an up-drawn fold of its robe. Joseph follows with
staff and water-bottle. Above this group are cherubs in the bough of a tree
handing down fruit to the babe in Mary's arms, who is stretching out his
arms to receive it. On each of the leaves of this triptych are two panels rep-
resenting saints, the crucifix, the lamb and other ecclesiastical symbols. The
other piece of ivory carving is a panel representing the crucifixion and is a
very high relief , the principal figures being almost in the round. Within a
space of five and one-half by four and one-half inches there are indicated
fourteen figures of people, three horses and a dog. Next in prominence to
the figures on the three crosses are two soldiers in the immediate foreground
w ho are parting the raiment, as is recorded in sacred story, while to the left
a dog stands regarding their action. In the middle distance a Roman soldier
is thrusting his spear into the Saviour's side. Clinging to the foot of the cross
is Mary Magdalen, while back and to the right St. John supports the grief-
136 GUIDE TO CHICAGO.
bowed figure of Mary, the mother of Christ. The whole work on thia panel
Is most carefully studied and skillfully wrought. These two pieces are the
first examples of ivory carving which have been acquired by the Art Institute,
although a fine example of Japanese carving is in the loan collection and a
figure of carved wood and ivory has for some time been the property of the
Institute. [Visitors to the Art Institute will be provided with catalogues of
the entire collection.]
Art Collections. The private art collections of Chicago are very numerous
and very extensive. This is strikingly evident at each recurring exhibit of
loaned pictures at the Art Institute or elsewhere. The annual exhibits at the
Inter-State Exposition, now a thing of the past, by reason of the changes
necessary pending the World's Columbian Exposition, have grown from year
to year, until they promised to rank among the best in the country. Steps
have been taken to erect a permanent Art Hall on the Lake Front, in which
these annual exhibitions will be continued. This building will be erected
for the Columbian Exposition, but will be constructed in such a manner as to
be acceptable to the city as a permanent building after the exposition closes.
The art galleries of the Illinois Club, the Chicago Club, the Marquette Club,
the Calumet Club, and especially of the Union League Club, are becoming
very valuable. [See Union League Art Association.] The Vincennes Gallery
of Fine Arts, 3841 Vincennes avenue (take Illinois Central'train to Oakland
station, Thirty-ninth St.), is open at all times, free to visitors. There are
many beautiful collections in the private mansions of the South Side. The
largest and best private collection in the city at present is that contained in
the gallery of Mr. Charles T. Yerkes, 3201 Michigan avenue. The more
important of his pictures were purchased by Mr. Yerkes in 1890, during a
visit to Europe, when he devoted himself to the study and selection of
pictures. The pictures are first-class examples of masters of the Dutch school,
Rembrandt, Van Dyck, Rubens, Jan Steen, Van Ostade, Gerard Dow,
Ruysdael, and Wonwerman being represented. From the last century there
is a head by Greuze, and from later schools there are important pictures by
Millet, Diaz, Daubigny, Detaille, Ziem, Vibert, Alfred Stevens, Willems,
Charlemonte, and others.
Art Institute of Chicago Art School. Located in the Art Institute
building, Michigan avenue and Van Buren street. Incorporated May 24,
1879. Officers: Charles L. Hulchinson, president; Edson Keith, vice-
president; Lvinan J. Gage, treasurer; N. H. Carpenter, secretary; W. M.
R. French, director. Teachers: W. M. R. French, director; Oliver Dennett
Grover, and John H. Vanderpoel, drawing and painting, life and antique;
Miss Caroline D. Wade, still life classes; Miss Charlotte F. Dyer, antique and
statuary classes; Miss Charlotte F. Dyer, antique; N. fl. Carpenter, per-
spective; Lorado Taft, modeling; Louis J. Millet, architecture and designing;
Charles L. Boutwood, evening classes. The arrangement of classes are as
follows:
COSTUMED LIFE CLASS. Drawingand painting from the costumed model,
daily, 9 to 12 A. M., 1 to 4 p. M.
NUDE LIFE CLASS. Drawingand painting from the nude, daily: Women,
8:30 to 12 A. M. ; Men, 1 to 4 P. M.
PAINTING FROM STILL LIFE. Oil and water color, daily, 1 to 4 p. M.
CLASSES IN THE ANTIQUE. Drawing from the cast, elementary and
advanced, daily , j^to 12 A. M., 1 tQ 4, P. M.
G
CO
n
ort)
< 3
H
O
a;
THE ENCYCLOPEDIA. 143
surplus and profits were $12,424,164 as against $10,343,119 for 1890; deposits
were $117, 792,594 as agninst $94,471,271 for 1890, and loans and discounts
were $89, 292, 728 as against $72,392,018 for 1890. The capital of the State
banks doing business in Chicago, according to last reports furnished the
State Auditor, was $12,227.000, their surplus $3,869,000 and their undivided
profits $1,869,288. [See Bank Clearings, Bank Clearance Comparative, etc.]
American Excliange National Bank. Organized in May, 1886, with D.
W. Irwin, president; D. B. Dewey, vice-president; D. K. Pearsons, second
vice-president, and A. L. Dewar, cashier. Present officers: John B. Kirk,
president; Wm. C. Seipp, vice-president; G. F.Bissell, second viee-presidant;
A. L. Dewar, cashier; R. M. Orr, assistant cashier; Arthur Tower, 2d assis-
tant cashier. December 31, 1890, it showed capital stock, paid in, $1,000,000;
surplus fund and -undivided profits, $297,989; deposits, $3,417,095.76, total
liabilities, $4,715,085.55; loans and discounts, $3,049,131.48; overdrafts,
$3,386.11; deposit with U. S. treasurer, 2,250; U. S. bonds to secure cir-
culation, $50,QOO; premiums paid, $9,500; other bonds, $33,600; real estate,
furniture and fixtures, $10,000; due from banks and bankers, $445,951.07;
exchanges for clearing house, $319.470.24; currency, $216,796.65; gold coin,
$575,000 $1,557,217.96; total resources, $4,715,085.55. Location, 185 Dear-
born street.
Atlas National Bank. Officers: President, W. C. D. Grannis; vice-presi-
dent, C. B. Parwell; cashier, S. W. Stone; assistant cashier, W. S. Tillotson.
Directors: Uri Balcom, R. C. Clowry, C. B. Farwell, R. J. Bennett, Joseph
Austrian, W. C. D. Grannis, J. C. McMullin, A. A. Hunger, Wm. M. Van
Nortwick, C. P. Libby, J. T. Chumasero.
Chemical National Bank. Successor to the Chemical Trust and Savings
bank, founded in May, 1880. Occupies its own building, 85 Dearborn st.
Capital, $1,000,000. Officers: J. O. Curry, president; E. C. Veasey, vice-
president; A. T. Ewing, second vice-president; G. E. Hopkins, assistant
cishier. Directors: W. M. Hoyt(W. M. Hoyt&.Co., Wholsale Grocers); D.
C. Newton (banker, Batavia, 111.); Robert Vierling, President (Vierling,
McDowell & Co., Iron Founders); E. C. Veasey (vice-president); Charles H.
Slack (Grocer); M. A. Mead (M. A. Mead & Co. Wholesale Jewelers); A. T.
Ewing (second vice-president); S. E. Gross (Real Estate); Otis Jones (Director,
Macon Dublin & Savannah Ry. Co.); S- W. Lamson (Lamson Bros., Grain
Commission); H. J. Straight (K. J. Straight & Co., Fire Insurance); E. J.
Edwards (President, Hicks Stock Car Co.); F. E. Spooner (Chicago Union
Lime Works); O. W. Norton (President, Norton Brothers, Manufacturers Tin
Plate, Japan Ware); J. O. Curry (President). It will be seen that the directors
are representative business men. The Chemical National, though one of the
most recently organised, ranks among the most prominent of the city.
Chicago National Bank. Officers: President, John R. Walsh; vice-
president, H. H. Nash; cashier, William Cox; assistant cashier, F.'M. Blount.
Directors: A. McNally, Adolph Loeb, H. H. Nash, C. K. G. Billings, F.
Madlener, Ferd. W. Peck, J. R. Walsh. Capital, $500,000; surplus and
profits, $566,810; loans and discounts, $4,277,125; cash and treasury credits,
$1,715,793; individual deposits, $5,998,610; due banks, $861,870; due from
banks and agents, $1,396,429; checks for clearing house, $262,306; U. S.
144 GUIDE TO CHICAGO.
bonds, $50,000; other stocks and bonds, $270,636; total deposits, $6,860,480;
circulation, $45,000. The Chicago National Bank is recognized as one of the
leading financial institutions of the city.
Columbia National Bank. Open for business Feb. 16, 1891. Paid in
capital, $9,000,000. Officers: L. Everingham, president; W. G. Bently,
vice-president; Zimri Dwiggins, cashier; J. T. Greene, assistant cashier.
Directors, Malcolm McNeil, E. S. Conway, H. D. Kohn, C. W. Needham,
Peter Kuntz, J. D. Allen, L. Everingham, W. G. Bently, Z. Dwiggins, and
' J. M. Starbuck. Resources Discounts and time loans, $1,192,399.88;
United States bonds, $50,000; redemption fund, $2,250; furniture and fixtures,
$10,952.85; current expenses, $31,607.76; due from banks and bankers, $362,-
641.90; cash and cashitems, $228,291.29; demand loans, $420,460.23 ($1,011,-
393.42); total, $2,298,603.91. Liabilities Capital stock paid in, $1,000,000;
surplus and undivided profits, $77,416.90; circulation, "$45,000; deposits,
$1,176,187.01; total, $2,298,603.91. The Columbian National transacts a
general banking business. A separate suite of rooms with clerical force,
teller, etc., and every facility for banking are provided especially for ladies.
The motto of the bank is, safety, courtesy, promptness, liberality. Location
of banking-house, Insurance Exchange Building, corner LaSalle and Quincy
streets.
Commercial National Bank. Organized December, 1864. The present
officers are Henry F. Eames, president ; O. W. Potter, vice-ptesident ; F. S.
Eames, 3d vice-president ; John B. Meyer, cashier ; D. Vernon, assistant
cashier.
Resources. Loans and discounts, $6,980,972.79 ; overdrafts, $3,384.04;
United States bonds to secure circulation, $50,000.; other stocks, bonds and
mortgages, $260, 804.37 ; due from other National banks $891,811.04; due
from State banki and bankers, $247.49 ; total $892,058-53. Real estate, $31,-
750.90; taxes paid, $15,359.89; Checks and other cash items, $3,088;
exchanges for clearing-house, $327,468.93; bills of other banks, $71,005;
fractional currency, nickels, and pennies, $927,70 ; specie, $1,597, 994.60;
legal tender notes, $380;000.; $2,380,484.23; redemption fund with
United States treasurer (5 per cent of circulation), $2,250.; total, $10,617,-
064.75. Liabilities. Capital stock paid in, $1,000,000; surplus fund,
$1,000,000; undivided profits, $103,997.19 ; National Bank notes outstand-
ing $45,000 ; individual deposits subject to check, $3,598,196.05 ; demand
certificates of deposit, $216,490.77; certified checks, $63,682.12; cashier's
checks outstanding, $176,416.76 ; due to other National Banks, $1,"793,984.68 ;
due to State banks and bankers, $2,619,297.18; total $8,468,067.56; grand
total, $10,617,064.75.
Directors. Henry F. Eames, S. W. Rawson, William J. Chalmers,
N. K. Fairbank, O. W. Potter, Jesse Spalding, Henry W. King, Franklin
MacVeagh, Norman Williams. Location of banking house, Southeast
corner of Dearborn and Monroe streets.
Continental National Bank. Organized March 5, 1883. Present officers
Directors: John C. Black, John R. Winterbotham, Calvin T. Wheeler,
Richard T. Crane, Henry C. Durand, William, G. Hibbard, Henry Botsford,
James H. Dole, George H. Wheeler, J. Ogden Armour, Isaac N. Perry ;
President, John C. Black ; 2nd vice-president, Isaac N. Perry; cashier,
Douglass Hoyt ; assistant cashier, Ira P. Bowen. Banking house, La Salle
and Adams street. Semi-annual dividends of 3 per cent, are paid January
[Engraved for The Standard Guide Company.]
THE INTER-OCEAN BUILDING, MADISON AND DEARBORN STS.
[See " Newspapers."]
THE ENCYCLOPEDIA. 145
first and July first. Report of condition at the close of business December
2d, 1891. Resources: Loans and discounts, $6,896J}37.20 ; overdrafts, $21,
988.78 ; United States bonds for circulation, $5tyOOO ; other bonds oa
hand, $2,600; real estate, furniture and fixtures, $39,605.37; premiums
paid, $7,000; cash, $1,496,580.05; due from banks, $1,703,072; checks
for clearings, $1,075,988.73 ; due from United States treasurer, $2,250 ;
total, $11,295,622.13. Liabilities. Capital stock paid in, $2,000,000 ; sur-
plus fund, $250,000 ; undivided profits, $219,014,20 ; bank notes out-
standing, $23,600; individual deposits, $4,429,013.15; due banks, $4,373,-
994.78 ; total, $11,295,622.13. Location of banking house, southwest corner
of La Salle and Adams streets. M. Calvin T. Wheeler, one of Chicago's
foremost business men and financiers, was the organizer of this bank and its
first president. He was succeeded in 1887 by Mr. Black, who has been con-
nected with the bank since its organization. He was its first cashier, and
was actively instrumental in perfecting the system inaugurated for the tran-
saction of the business of the bank with the greatest convenience to its cus-
tomers.
Drover's National Bank. Organized 1883 : Present officers S. Brintnall,
president ; John Brown, vice-pi esident ; W. H. Brintnall, cashier ; Edward
Tilden, assistant cashier. Resources : Loans and discounts, $807,088.97 ;
overdrafts, $12.25 ; United States bonds, $50,000 ; banking house, $12,-
500; premiums, $8.500; due from banks, $696,643.14; cash, $121,319.-
13; total, $817,962.27; grand total, $1,696,063.49. Liabilities: Capital
stock, $250,000 ; surplus, $50,000 ; undivided profits, $36,748.45 : cir-
culation, $45.000 ; deposits, $1,314,315.04 ; total, $1,696,063.49. Directors
Percy W. Palmer, Charles L. Shattuck, Watson 8. Hinkly, John Brown,
James P. Sherlock, J. E. Greer, W. H. Brintnall, Solva Brintnall. Location
of banking house, 4207 South Halsted street, Union Stockyards.
First National Bank. Organized, Nov. 1863. Present officers : Lyman
J. Gage, president ; Henry R. Symonds, vice-president ; James B. Forgant,
2d. vice-present ; Richard J. Street, cashier ; Holmes Hoge, assistant
cashier. Statement of condition January, 1892. Assets : Loan and dis-
counts, $16,475,614.91 ; bank building and other real estate, $650,000 ,
United States bonds, (par value), $55,150 ; other bonds, $847,450. Cash
resources: Due from banks, (Eastern exch.), $4,396,430.99; checks for
clearing house, $1,659,783.10; cash on hand, $8,410,499.87; due from U.
S. treasurer, $26,250 ; total ; $14,492,963.96 ; grand total, $32,521,178.87.
Liabilities: Capital stock paid in, $3,000,000; surplus fund, $2,000,000;
other undivided profits, $1,023,059.31 ; dividend, 90,000 ; Deposits, $26,-
408,119.56; total, $32,521,178.87. Directors: Sarnl. M. Nickcrson, E. F.
Lawrence, S. W. Allerton, F. D. Gray, Norman B. Ream, Nelson Morris,
James B. Forgan, L. J. Gage, Eugene S. Pike, A. A. Carpenter, H. R.
Symonds. Location of banking house, northwest corner of Dearborn and
Monroe streets, First National Bank building.
At the date of incorporation, the First National Bank had a capital of
$100,000. Its officers were President, E. Aiken; cashier, E. E. Braisted.
It then stood number 8 in the order of National Banks. The capital of the
bank was soon increased to $1,000,000. In 1867 President Aiken died, and
was succeeded by Samuel M. Nickerson, who has held the office ever since.
In 1868 Lyman J. Gage was appointed cashier. The fire of 1871 destroyed
146 GUIDE TO CHICAGO.
the bank's building, which stood at the southwest corner of State and Wash-
ington sts. This building was at once rebuilt, and was occupied until the
bank moved into its present magnificent structure, which was erected espe-
cially for its accommodation, and with aviewto the convenient transaction of
its immense business [See "First National Bank Building " andillustration.]
During the panic of 1873 the bank passed through the ordeal in excellent
shape, coming out of it with the renewed and strengthened confidence of the
public in the stability of its resources, and the wisdom and integrity of its
management. The fact is often referred to even in these days, that Mr.
Gage's courageous and judicious executive ability in 1873 not only averted a
calamity for his own bank, but had the effect of stimulating the nerve of
others in Chicago, and of inspiring the public with faith in the ability of all
to meet their obligations if they were not harassed or hampered. The
charter of the First National Bank expired in 1882; it went into liquidation,
paying off its stockholders and giving each one of them $294 for every SjslOO
paid in. This was in addition to dividends upon the capital from time to
time, which averaged through its entire history 10 per cent, per annum. On
the expiration of the old charter the new First National Bank, No. 2670, was
organized, and succeeded to the business of the old bank. Its paid-up capi-
tal was fixed at $3,000,000; Mr. Gage was made vice-president, aud Mr.
Symonds, cashier. The First National Bank is not only the greatest finan-
cial institution in Chicago, but one of tbe greatest in the country. The
showing of earnings and surplus which it made at the close of last year's
business attracted universal attention.
First National Bank of Enylewood: Located at Englewood, Chicago.
Officers. J. li. Enibre, president ; E. L. Roberts, vice-president ; F. B. War-
ren. Directors : J. It. Einbre, J. K. ISichols, H. B. Murphy, D. E. Prentice,
B. H. Knights, C. H. Caldwell, W. H. Sharp, J. M. Johnson.
Fort Dearborn, Xnlimuil Bunk . Organized, May 1, 1887. Present officers :
John A. King, president ; \V . L. Barnum, vice-president ; Peter Dudley, cash-
ier ; Chas. H. McGrath, assistant cashier. Capital, $500,000. Surplus at close
of 1892, $25.000. Undivided profits, $19,218,590. The Fort Dearborn
National bank is an institution of the highest standing, its directors being men
of large financial resources. Directors : W. L. Barnum ; J. W. Pluinmer,
John J. McGrath, William J. Wilson, D. K. Hill, E. Mandel, Thomas Kane,
George Keller, Arthur D. Rich, A. Plamondon and John A. King. Location
of banking house, 187-189 Dearborn street.
Globe Ni.ttiimnl Bank. Commenced business December 22, 1890, capital.
$1,000,000, surplus, $45,000. Present officers Oscar D. Wetherell, presi-
dent; Melville E. Stone, vice-president; D. A. Moullon, cashier; C. C. Swin-
borue, assistant cashier. The directors, comprising well-known business
men and capitalists, are as follows Melville E. Stone, late editor Chicago
Dai?u AV/r.vy Gust.ivus F. Swift, president Swift & Co. packers; William II.
Harper, manager Chicago ik Pacific Elevator Company; Robert L. Henry,
president Keystone Palace Horse-Car Company; Morris Rosenbaum, com-
mission merchant; Everett W. Brooks', lumber manufacturer; James L.
High, attorney- at-law; Amos Gran nis, contractor; Oscar D. Wetherell. Lo-
cation of banking house, northwest corner of J:>ckson and La Sails streets,
opposite Board of Trade.
Hide and Leather National Bank. Organized in 1872, received its charter
as a National bank in 1878. Present officers: Charles F. Grey, president; H.
THE ENCYCLOPEDIA. 147
A. White, vice-president; D. L. Forest, cashier; Thos. L. Forrest, assistant
cashier. Capital, $300,000; resources, $2,171,827.96; surplus fund, $95,000;
undivided profits, $43,702.12. The individual deposits amount to $1,317,-
568.67. Directors, George C. Beuton, William L. Gray, C. H. Morse, Hugh
A. White, J. V. Taylor, "George M. Lyoii, P. P. Muthews, Charles F. Grey,
O. F. Fuller. "Location of banking house, La Salle and Madison sts
Home National Bank. Officers: President, A. M. Billings; vice-presi-
dent, J. C. McMullen; secretary, H. H. Blake. Directors: A. M." Billings,
William A. Talcott, C. K. G. Billings, J. C. McMullen, David Bradley.
Lincoln National Bank. Organized March, 1887.. Present officers V. C.
Price, president; E. S. Noyes, cashier; J. R. Clarke, assistant cashier.
Resources, loans and discounts, $592,132.42; overdrafts, $710.68; U. S. bonds
to secure circulation, $50,000; other stock, bonds and mortgages, $500; due
from other national banks, $140,736,35; due from state banks aud bankers,
$33 836.09; real estate, furniture aud fixtures; $4,731.50; current expenses and
taxes paid, $2,957.87; premiums paid, $8,000; checks and other cash items,
$881.11; exchanges for clearing house, $51,822.26; bills of other banks, $5,692;
fractional paper currency, nickels and pennies, $43.44; specie, $82,258.15;
legal tender notes, $80,000; redemption fund with U. S. treasurer (ft per cent,
of circulation), $2,250; cash means, $387,518.40; total, $1,046,557.87. Liabil-
ities Capitalstockpaidin, $200,000; surplus fund, $10,000; undivided profits,
$17,108.92; national bank notes outstanding, $45,000; individual deposits, sub-
ject to check, $635,225.53; demand certificates of deposit, $24,869.99; certified
checks, $2,640.58; cashier's cheeks outstanding, $285.96; due to other national
banks, $107,917.18; due to state banks and bankers, $3,509.71; total deposits,
$774,448.95; total, $1,046,557.87.
Merchants' National Bank. Organized December, 1863 ; capital, $500,-
000. Preeent officers : Chaimcey J. Blair, president ; Frederick W. Crosby,
vice-president ; Henry A. Blair, second vice-president ; John C. Neely,
cashier ; directors, C. J. Blair, William Blair, H. A. Blair, W. F. Blair, M.
A. Rverson, F. W. Crosby. Statement. Resources: Loans and discounts,
$6,828,123.15 ; overdrafts, $102.13; United States bonds at par, $50,000; other
bonds at par, $283,700; banking house and safe deposit vaults, $125,000; due
from banks and United States Treasurer, $1,585,440.62; coin and currency,
$3,795, 797.60; total, $12,668,163.50. Liabilities: Capital, $500,000; surplus,
$1,500,000; undivided profits. $253 483.10; dividends unpaid, $260; deposits,
$10,414,420.40; total, $12,668,163.50. Location of banking house, 80 and 82
La Salle street.
Metropolitan National Bank. Organized May 12, 1884. Present officers:
E. G. Keith, president; J. L. Woodward, vice president; W. D. Preston,
cashier; H. II. Hitchcock, assistant cashier. Resources: Loans and discounts,
$8,899,544.10; overdrafts, $4.893.15, bonds, $167,900; due from banks
and bankers, $1,620,995.26; cash and checks for clearings, $2,667,229 37.
Total, $4,456,124.63. Grand total, $13,360,561.88. Liabilities: Capital stock
paid in, $2,000,000; surplus and undivided profits, $1,111,372.90; national
bank notes outstanding, $45,000; deposits, $10,204,188.98. Total, $13,-
360.561.88. Directors: William Deering, A. C. Bartlett, Edson Keith, James
L. Woodard, W. J. Watson, E, Frankenthal, G. B. Shaw, E. T. Jeffery,
E. G. Keith, W. D. Preston. Location of banking house, La Salle and
Madison streets.
148 GUIDE TO CHICAGO.
National Bank of America. Organized January 1, 1883. Present officers:
Isaac G. Lombard, president ; Morton B. Hull, vice-president; Edward B.
Lathrop, cashier; Charles A. Tinkham, assistant cashier. Resources: Dis-
counts and demand loaus, $3,334,154.90; overdrafts, 2,956.27; U. S. 4 per
cent, bonds, to secure circulation, $50,000; other bonds, $50,000; due
from other national banks, $525,227.29; due from banks and bankers, $67,-
370.89; $592,598.18; cash exchanges for clearing house, $231,590.85; cur-
rency and specie, $1,073,586.57; $1,305,177.42; due from treasurer U. S.
5 per cent fund, $2,250; due from treasurer U. S. (other than 5 per cent,
fund), $10,000; $5,347,136.77. Liabilities: Capital stock, $1,000,000;
surplus fund, $250,000; undivided profits, $59,217.29; circulating notes,
$44,iOO; dividends unpaid, $86.00; deposits, $3,993.431.48; $5,347,136.77.
The directors are: William Ruger, Morton B. Hull, William Dickinson,
Charles M. Henderson, Cyrus H. Adams, John H. Witbeck, Clarence Buck-
ingham, Isaac G. Lombard, Edward B. Lathrop. Location of banking house
La Salle and Washington streets.
National Bank of Illinois. Organized December, 1871. Present officers:
George Schneider, president; William H. Bradley, vice-president; W. A.
Hammond, cashier; Carl Moll, assistant cashier; Henry D. Field, 2d assist-
ant cashier. Resources: Loans and discounts, $7,736,475.44; U. S. bonds to
secure circulation (4s at par), $50,000; other bonds and stocks, at par,
$198,760; 5 per cent, redemption fund, $2,250; due from national banks,
$1,390,733.76; due from banks and bankers, $397,354.99; exchanges for
clearing house, $679,492.84; cash on hand, $2,043,899.73; $4,511,481.32;
$12,498,966.76. Liabilities: Capital stcck paid in, $1,000,000; surplus,
$900,000; undivided profits, $14,487.34; national bank notes outstanding,
$45,000; dividends unpaid, $442.50; deposits individual, $7,135,158.03;
deposits banks, $3,303,878.89; total, $10,439,036.92; grand tota], $12,498,-
966.76. . Directors, S. B. Cobb, Walter L. Peck, William R Page, George
E. Adams, Charles R. Corwith, C. H. Bradley, Frederick Mahla, R. E.
Jenkins, Albert A. Hunger, William A. Hammond, George Schneider.
Location of banking house 111, 113, 115, and 117 Dearborn street.
National Live Stock Sank. Present officers Levi B. Doud, president;
George T. Williams, vice-president; Roswell Z. Herrick, cashier. Resources
Loans and discounts, $2,537,360.36; overdrafts, $7,355.30; U. S. bonds to
secure circulation, $50,000; other stocks, bonds and mortgages, $49,875;
Due from other National banks, $1,658,866.19; Due from Stale banks and
bankers, $197,324.92 $1,856,191.11; Real Estate, furniture and fixtures,
$3,326.47; current expenses and taxes paid, $83.70; premiums paid, $8,000 ;
exchanges for clearing-house, $64,019.92; bills of other banks, $11,965; frac-
tional paper currency," nickels and pennies, $765.97; specie, $200, 397. 50; legal -
tender notes, $199,600; U. S. certificates of deposit for legal tenders, 1100,000
$576,739.39; redemption fund with U. S. Treasurer (5 per cent, of circula-
tion), $2,250; total, $5,091,181.33. Liabilities Capital stock paid in, $750,-
000; surplus fund, $300,000; undivided profits, $176,742.13; National bank
notes outstanding, $32,000; dividends unpaid, $1,088; individual deposits
subject to check, 1,836,071.02; demand certificates of deposit, $332,984.91;
lime certificates of deposit, $25.00; due to other National banks, $1,363,500.-
47; due to State banks and bankers, 298,769.80 $3,831,351.20; total, $5,091,-
181.33. Directors John B. Sherman, Irus Coy, George T. Williams. Levi
B. Doud, Roswell Z. Herrick, Samuel Cozzens, Daniel G. Brown. At the
i E
THE ENCYCLOPEDIA. 149
last annual meeting of directors the sum of $100,000 was carried to the sur-
plus fund, now $300,000, while the individual profits reached $37,000. The
dividends have been 2 per cent, quarterly. At the last meeting of directors,
held December 29, 1891, $100,000 was carried from profit and loss to surplus
account, making $400,000 now (spiing of '92) in surplus. Location of bank-
ng house, Main Stock Yards.
National Bank of the Republic. Organized August, 1891 ; location of
banking house, Mailers Building, La Salle st. (After May 1, 1892). Capital
stock $1,000,000. President, John A. Lynch ; vice-president, A. M. Roths-
child (cashier), W. T. Fenton. Directors, E. B. Strong (of the late firm of
Foss, Strong & Co.); A. M. Rothschild (of E. Rothschild & Bros., manufact-
urers and wholesale clothiers); Alexander Mackay (general freight agent
Michigan Central R. R.); J. B. Mailers (capitalist); Henry Kerber, of
Henry Kerber & Son (wholesale stone dealers); J. B. Greenhut (president
Distilling & Cattle Feeding Co.); Samuel Woolner (capitalist); W. H.
McDoel (general manager L., N. A. & C. R. R.); John A. Lynch of Thos.
Lynch & Sons (capitalists), and W. T. Fenton. Comparative statement of
deposits September 25th, $942,666; December 2d, $1,127,826.61 ; December
31st, $1,206.296.25; January 18th, 1892, $1,307,112.06. Though one of the
youngest, this is looked upon as being one of the strongest banks in the
city.
Northwestern National Bank. Organized August, 1864. Present officers
-^E. Buckingham, president; W. F. Dummer, vice-president; F. W. Gookin,
cashier; F. W. Griffin, assistant cashier. Resources Loans and discounts,
$3,344,595.94; overdrafts, $2,384.60; U. S. bonds to secure circulation (4 per
cents), $200,000; U. S. bonds to secure deposits (4 per cents), $300,000; other
stock, bonds and mortgages, $93,091.96; due from other National banks,
$492,510.54; due from State banks and bankers, $34,315.13 $526,825.67;
checks and other cash items, $358.06; exchangesfor clearing-house, $290,838,-
02; bills of o'her banks, $9,790; fractional paper currency, nickels, and pen-
nies, $307.57; specie, $639,772.41; legal-tender notes, $307,017 $1,248,083.06;
redemption fund with U. S. Treasurer (5 per cent, of circulation), $9,000;
total, $5,723,981.23. Liabilities Capital stock paid in, $1,000,000; surplus
fund, $500,000; undivided profits, $100,606.32; National bank notes outstand-
ing, $115,045; individual deposits subject to check, $1,684,572.36; demand
certificates of deposit, $43,628.40; certified checks, $45.417.78; cashier's
checks outstanding. $50,190; United States deposits, $282,499.22; deposits of
U. S. disbursing officers, $14,238.72; due to other National banks, $938,105.-
30; due to State banks and bankers, $949,678.13 $4,008,329.91; total, $5,723,-
981.23. Directors Ebenezer Buckingham, Edward E. Ayer, William F.
Dummer, Marshall M. Kirkman and Franklin H. Head. Location of banking
house, La Salle and Adams Streets.
Oakland National Bank. Officers: President, Horace B. Taylor; vice-
president, Arthur W. Allyn; cashier, J. J. Knight. Directors: John R.
Walsh, Horace B Taylor, D. Harry Hammer, J. J. Knight, Arthur W.
Allyn, William A. Hammond, D. H. Kochersperger.
Prairie State National Bank. Officers: President, James W. Scoville;
vice-president, George Woodland; cashier, George Van Zandt. Directors
B. F. Homer, William Hafner, H. J. Evans, George Woodland, M. C. Bul-
lock, George Van Zandt, Jamei W. Scoville.
150 GUIDE TO CHICAGO.
Union National Bank. Organized December, 1863. Present officers
John J. P. Odell, president; David Kelley, vice president; August Blum,
cashier; W. O. Hipwell, assistant cashier. Resources Loans and discounts,
$6,210,437.71; United States bonds to secure circulation, par value, $50,-
000; other stocks, bonds and mortgages, $831,225.09; furniture, fix-
tures and real estate, $11,500; due from banks, $1,579.525 94; exchanges
for clearing house $733,760.21; cash, $1,931,548.60 $4,244, 834.75; due from
United States treasurer, $10,250; total $11,358,247.55. Liabilities: Capital
stock, paid in, $2,000,000; surplus, fund, $700,000; undivided profits, $80,-
640 79; reserved for taxes, $37,662.74; national bank notes outstanding,
$44,100; deposits, individual, $4,055,088.38; deposits, banks, *4, 440,755. 64;
$8,495,844.02; Total, $11,358,247.55. The directors are C. R. Cummiogs,
J. H. Barker, H. N. May, David Kelley, O. C. Barber, S. K. Martin, S. B.
Barker, D. B. Dewey, J. J. P. Odell. The Union National has been especially
favored in having had for its presidents some of Chicago's ablest and most
experienced financiers, and to this is mostly due the bank's prompt rush
to the front line of the city banks and its maintenance of that position
for so many years. The first president was William F. Coolbaugh, -who at
his death, which occurred in November, 1877, was succeeded by Calvin T.
"Wheeler. On the expiration of its original charter December 30, 1884, the
Union National Bank was re-organized, and under its new charter, W. C. D.
Grannis was chosen president, and J. J. P. Odell, vice-president. Mr. C.
R. Cummings was made president in 1886, but took no active part in the
management of the bank. Upon his retirement Mr. J. J. P. Odell became
president, and has continued in that position up to the present date. Mr.
Odell has been identified with the banking business of Chicago since 1865,
and for twenty-four years has been connected with the Union National, hav-
ing entered its service in 1866, as bookkeeper, and in the interval filled
almost every intermediate position of responsibility in the bank. In
amount of deposits the place of the Union National at the present time is in
the second group averaging $9,750,000. Location of banking house, north-
east corner of La Salleand Adams streets, Home Insurance building.
BANKING INSTITUTIONS STATE AND PRIVATE.
Adolph Loeb & Bro., Bankers. Established over thirty-three years ago,
since which time the house has been doing an extensive mortgage loan, real
estateand general banking business. The house was founded by Adolph Loeb,
and shortly afterward he associated with himself his brother "William. Two
years ago Julius Loeb and Edward G. Pauling were admitted into the firm.
Loeb & Bro. are bankers of large capital and the very highest standing in
Chicago commercial circles.
Avenue Savings Bank. Location Thirty-first street and Michigan avenue.
This institution is owned by George L. Magill, its president, and Louis Krame,
its cashier. It pays interest to savings depositors.
American Trust and Savings Bank. Organized under the laws of the
State of Illinois, 1889; capital, $1,000,000; surplus, $150,000. Present
officers G. B. Shaw, president Franklin H. Head, vice-president; J. R.
Chapman, cashier; W. L. Moyer, assistant cashier. Directors: William J.
Watson, T. W. Harvey, Adolph Kraiis, Franklin H. Head, S. A. Maxwell,
J. H. Pearson, C. T. Trego, Ferd W. Peck, William Deeriug, G. B. Shaw,
THE ENCYCLOPEDIA. 151
V. A. Watkins, E. L. Lobdell, C. T. Nash, Joy Morton, George E. Wood,
William Kent, S. A. Kent. Location of banking house, Owings building,
Dearborn and Adams streets.
Bank of Commerce. Incorporated March 9, 1891, aa successor to the
private banking house of Felsenthal, Gross & Miller ; capital stock paid up,
$500,000. Location, 108 La Salle street. The business 'of the private bank
had increased so that the firm feit it incumbent on them to join the clearing
house, and consequently increased their capital to the required amount,
$500,000. The officers of the State Bank of Illinois are among the most sub-
stantial and reputable citizens of Chicago. Herman Felsenthal, president;
Jacob Gross, vice-president ; Fred Miller, cashier. Directors : Adam Miller,
Jacob Gross, Herman Felsenthal, Adolph Loeb, S. M. Fischer, Jacob Birk,
K. G. Schmidt. L. Loewenstein, Samuel Woolner, Charles F. Miller, Eli B.
Telsenthal, Morris Beifeld, Jacob Spielmann.
Bank of Montreal. William Monroe, manager; E. M. Shadbolt, assistant
cashier.
Cahn and Strauss, Bunkers. Do a general commercial business, making
specialties of government bonds, local securities and foreign exchange.
Location of banking house, 128 La Salle street.
Central Trust and Savings .Ban*. Present location Washington st. and
Fifth avenue. Cost Capital, $200,000. In banking department receives
deposits subject to check. In savings department receives deposits of $1.00
and upward, 4 percent per annum. 'Officers : William A. Paulten, 1st vice-
president ; F. P. Burgett, 2d vice-president; Charles Sparre, cashier.
Directors . Wm. A. Paulsen, late of Paulsen & Sparre, Bankers ; Chas.
Sparre, late of Paulsen & Sparre, Bankers ; E. Jennings, Pres. of E. Jennings
Co. ; Frank A. Smith, Manufacturer ; W. A. Mason, of Jas. H. Walker &
Co., Dry Goods; W. M. R. Vose, Real Estate and Loans ; Jas. Frake, Attor-
ney ; James H. Channon, of H. Channon Co., Ship Chandlers ; Win. Hill,
Mortgage Loans; J. W. Byers. Com. Merchant, Stock Yards; Gorham B.
Coffin, of Coffin Devoe & Co., Paints. [The building at present occupied by
this bank is to be torn down Future location unknown ^ this writing.]
diaries Henrotin, Banker and Broker. One of the founders of the Chi-
cago Stock Exchange, and one of the heaviest brokers in local and outside
stocks in Chicago. A promoter of some of the largest enterprises of the
times. Location of banking house, 169 Dearborn street.
Chicago Trust and Savings Bank. Under the supervision of the State of
Illinois, organized May, 1885; capital paid in, $400,000 Present officers D.
H. Tolman, president; P. E. Jennison, cashier. Location of banking house,
northeast corner of Washington and Clark sts. [N. B. This banking house
has been the subject of a vast amount of most unfavorable criticism. Its
president, D. H. Tolman, has been frequently charged with, and sued in the
courts for, alleged unfairness in business and sharp practice in dealing with
his clients.]
Corn Exchange Sink. Organized 1872. re-organized 1879; capital,
$1,000000; surplus, $1.000,000. Present officers Charles L. Hutchinson,
president; Ernest A. Hamill, vice-president; Frank W. Smith, cashier.
Directors Charles L. Hutchinson, Byron L. Smith, Charles Counsolman,
Sidney A. lOnt. John H. Dwight, Edwin G. Foreman, Ernest A. Hamill,
Charles H. VVacker, B. M. Frees, Charles H. Schwab. Edward B Butler.
152 GUIDE TO CHICAGO.
The Corn Exchange is one of the great banking houses of the city, and for
over eighteen years has ranked among the leading financial institutions of
the West. Location of banking house, Rookery building, Adams and La
Salle streets.
Dime Savings Bank. Organized under State supervision ; incorporated
April, 1869. Present officers Samuel G. Bailey, president, merchant ;
W. C. D. Grannis, vice-president, president Atlas National bank ; Eugene
Gary, insurance, Rialto building ; C. B. Farwell, merchant and United
States Senator; A. R. Barnes, printer, 68 and 70 Wabash avenue; W. M.
Van Nort wick, paper manufacturer, Batavia, 111.; L. R. Giddings, mortgages,
Chamber of Commerce buildiag; G. P. Swift, packer, Union Stock Yards;
Wm. Kelsey Reed, treasurer. This is exclusively a savings bank, and ranks
high among Chicago's financial institutions. Location of banking house and
safety vaults, 104-106 Washington street.
E. S. Dreyer & Co., Bankers. Established over twenty years ago, and
one of the leading banking houses of the city. The firm is composed of E. S.
Dreyer and Robert Berger. A specialty is made of mortgage loans, though
the house does a general banking business. Location, northeast corner of
Dearborn and Washington sts.
Farmers' Trust Company. Present officers R. Sayer, president; Josiah
L. Lombard, vice-president and treasurer. Capital $100,000. Location of
banking house, 112 Dearborn street.
Foreman Bros., Bankers. Pounded thirty years ago, by the father of the
present proprietors of the house, Edwin G. Foreman and Oscar G. Foreman.
A banking institution that has maintained a high standing through the ad-
verse as well as prosperous times in Chicago history, for over a quarter of a
century. Foreman Bros, receive deposits, buy and sell martgages and other
investment securities, and make a specialty of loanson real estate. Location
of banking house, 128 and 130 Washington St., near Chamber of Commerce,
opposite City Hall.
Globe Savings Bank. Organized 1890 Capital paid in $200,000. Savings
accounts bear interest at 4 per cent, per annum. Four interest days each
year January 1^: April 1st, July 1st, October 1st. Deposits on or before
the 4th of the month bear interest from the 1st. C. W. Spalding, president;
Edward Hayes, vic-president; J. P. Atgeld, second vice-president; W. S.
Loomis, assistant cashier.
(Greenebaum Sons, Binkers. Founded by EHas Greenebaum thirty-seven
years ago. The present firm consists of Elias Greenbaum, H. E. Greenebaum,
M. E. Greenebaum and James E. Greenebaum. The house transacts a very
large banking business and makes a specialty of loans and real estate. The
bank occupies the main floor of 116 and 118 Lasalle street, Mercantile build-
ing. Greenebaum Sons' bank has occupied an important place in the growth
and development of the city. Thousands of buildings, from the neat resi-
dence to the business block, have been erected primarily by funds obtained
through this firm. Drafts and letters of credit issued on all European cities.
Guarantee Company of North America. Head office, Montreal, Canada.
Chicago directors L. J. Gage, vice-president, First National Bank; R. R. Cable,
president C., R. I. & P. R. R.; the Hon. J. Russell Jones, ex-president
West Side Ry.; C. T. Wheeler, ex-president Continental National Bank; E.
Nelson Blake, ex-president Board of Trade. Capital and resources, $1,079 -
574. Office, 175 La Sail* street.
THE ENCYCLOPEDIA. 153
Hibernian Banking Association. Organized 1867. One of the most sub-
stantial banking houses inthecity; capital, $222,000 ; undivided profits, $293,-
095.81. Present officers J. V. Clarke, president ; Charles F. Clark, vice-
president ; Hamilton B. Dox, cashier. Directors J. V. Clarke, Hamilton B.
Dox, James R. McKay, Henry B. Clarke, Thomas Lonergan, Charles F.
Clark, J. V. Clarke, Jr. , Louis B. Clark. Location of banking house, Clark
and Lake streets.
Illinois Trust and Savings Bank. Organized under the laws of the State
of Illinois, August, 1887. Capital stock paid in, $1,000,000; surplus, $1,000,-
000; additional liabilities of its stockholders, $1,000,000; total amount pledged
for the security of depositors, $3,000,000. Present officers John J. Mitchell,
president; John B. Drake, vice-president; William H. Mitchell, 3d vice-presi-
dent; W. H. Reid, 3d vice-president; James S. Gibbs, cashier; B. M. Chattel,
assistant cashier. Directors L. Z. Leiter, William G. Hibbard, John B.
Drake, John J. Mitchell, John McCaffery, J. C. McMullin, W. H. Reid,
William H. Mitchell, D. B. Shipman. Among the stockholders of the bank
are the wealthiest capitalists and merchants of Chicago, including L.Z. Leiter,
J. Russell Jones, Marshall Field, Albert Keep, Philip D. Armour, Robert
Law, J. C. McMullin. Following is a statement of the bank's resources and
liabilities: Resources Bonds and stocks, $1,440,816.50; real estate, $26,291.34;
current expenses paid, $25,314.61; cash and exchange, $2,856,178.05; loans on
demand, $8,155,679.21; loans on time, $1,943,152.25; loans on real estate,
$1,817,193.32; total, $16,264,625.28. Liabilities Capital stock, $1,000,000;
surplus fund, $788,916.20; undivided profits, $275,737.58; dividends unpaid,
$3,500; time deposits, $7,699,740.73; demand deposits, $6,496,730.77; total,
$16,264,625.28. The bank has savings, commercial safety deposit and trust
departments. Location of banking house, Rookery building, southeast
corner of La Salle and Adams streets.
Industrial Bank of Chicago. Location, Blue Island avenue and Twentieth
streets. A savings and commercial institution. President, A. L. Chetlain;
first vice-president, Louis Hutt; second vice president, B. M. Hair; cashier,
John G. Schaar; assistant cashier, J. E. Henriques. Directors : Louis Hutt,
A. H. Andrews, W. O. Goodman, B. M. Hair, John G. Schaar, A. L. Chet-
lain, John McLaren, H. D. Cable and P. G. Dodge.
The idea of establishing this new bank originated with the leading manu-
facturers and lumbermen in that district, which is known as the lumber dis-
trict, embracing the territory south of the Burlington tracks and as far west
as the Belt Line. It is the most important industrial district in Chicago,
located three miles southwest from the business center, and has a population
of 50,000. The need of a bank there has long been felt by the manufacturers
and business men. The annual output of the district, including lumber and
the product of the various important manufacturing interests there located,
amounts to over $30,000,000, while there is paid in wages to skilled and
unskilled labor between $7,000,000 and $9,000,000 a year.
The new bank will do a general banking business, will sell foreign and
domestic exchange, steamship tickets of all classes to all points in Europe,
issue letters of credit and accept savings accounts. General A. L. Chetlain,
an old and respected citizen of Chicago, is the president of the new institu-
tion; Louis Hutt, the well-known lumberman, is the firstvice-president; B. M.
Hair, of Hair & Ridgway, the second vice-president; John G. Schaar, the
cashier, and J. E. Henriques, the assistant cashier. Besides General Chetlain,
154 GUIDE TO CHICAGO.
Messrs. Hutt and Hair and Cashier Schaar, the directors are: W. O. Good-
man, of the Sawyer-Goodman Co.; A. H. Andrews, of A. II. Andrews & Co.;
John McLaren, of John Mason, Loomis & Co.; H. D. Cable, president of the
Chicago Cottage Organ Company, and P. G. Dodge, of P. G. Dodge & Co.
The high character of the men who have the management of the new bank
is a sufficient guarantee that its affairs will be administered wisely, and that
it will be conducted on business principles.
The elegant fire-proof building now being built for this bank will be ready
for them about May 1st, and will contain one of the finest safety vaults in the
city.
International Bank. Organized October 21, 1868, as the International
Mutual Trust Company, and was changed to its present name in 1871. The
first officers were Prances A. Hoffman, president; Julius Busch, vice-presi-
dent; aucl Rudolph Schloesser, cashier. Present officers B. Loewenthal,
president; Leo Fox, vice-president; Bernhard Neu, cashier. Mr. Lowenthal,
the president, became connected with the bank in 1870. Capital, $500,000;
surplus, January 1, 1892, $125,000. Directors John Kranz, Louis Wamboldj,
August Bauer, B. New, Ed. Rose, Michael Brand, B. Lowenthal and Leo Fox.
Besides doing a general banking business, the International Bank issues cir-
cular letters of credits, and draws drafts on' all parts of the world. The stand-
ing of the International is first-class. Banking house located at 110 La Salle
street.
Meadowcroft Bros. , Bankers. Established 1860. Located at the northwest
corner of Dearborn and Washington streets. This banking house offers
every facility for individuals or merchants who contemplate opening an
account or making changes. Aside from the ordinary conveniences of hav-
ing banking connections, the depositor can make his selection from different
classes of deposit contracts, either certificates bearing interest or special de-
posits with interest. Those desiring safe investment for their funds can be
supplied with good real estate securities, or have orders for any bonds or
stocks executed. The bank is enabled to offer the advantages of European
correspondents both in buying and selling. Location of banking house,
northwest corner of Dearborn and Washington sts.
Merchant's Loan and Trust Company. Organized under the laws of the
State of Illinois in 1857. Capital, $2,000,000; surplus, $1,000,000; undivided
profits, $613,430. The trustees are Marshall Field, C. H. McCormick, John
DeKoven, Albert Keep, John Tyrrell, Lambert Tree, J. W. Doane, P. L.
Yoe, George M. Pullman, A. H. Burley, E. T. Watkins, Erskine M. Phelps,
Orson Smith. Present officers J. W. Doaue, president; P. L. Yoe, vice-
president; Orson Smith, second vice-president; F. C. Osborn, cashier.
This is the oldest and one of the greatest banking houses in Chicago.
" Long" John Wentworth was one of the original incorporators, and through-
out the latter part of his life was active in the banks's interest. The Mer-
chants' Loan and Trust Company does the general work of a modern Trust
company and that of a bank of discount as well.
Milwaukee Avenue State Bank. Location Milwaukee Avenue and Car-
penter street. Take Milwaukee avenue cable line. Capital, $250,000.
Successor to the banking house of Paul O. Stensland & Co., the leading
financial institution of the northwestern section of the city. The former
bank had built up a very large business with the tradespeople of Milwaukee
THE ENCYCLOPEDIA. 155
avenue 011 the great manufacturing concerns contiguous to that important
thoroughfare. For this reason it became necessary to increase its capital
stock and facilities, and an organization under the State banking laws WHS
effected on September 15, 1891, when the Milwaukee Avenue State Bank was
incorporated. The officers of the bank are, president, Paul O. Stensland;
vice-president, Andrew C. Lausten; cashier, Charles E. Schlytern; attorney,
Donald L. Morill. Directors John P. Hanson, F. H. Herhold, William
Johnson, M. A. LaBuy, A. C. Lausten, John McLaren, Thomas G. Morris,
John Schermann, John Smulski, Paul O. Stensland and Spren D. Thorson.
The stockholders are all representative business and professional men.
Among the more prominent are: Franklin S. Anderson, of John Anderson
Publishing Co. ; John P. Hansen, cigar manufacturer; F. Herhold & Sons,
chair manufacturers; A. J. Johnson & Sons, furniture manufacturers ; William
Johnson, Vessel owner; Peter Kiolbassa, city treasurer; Andrew C Lausten,
president Northwestern Lead & Oil Co.; Richard Prendergast, attorney;
Morris Rosenfeld, capitalist; Jesse Spalding, president Spalding Lumber
Co.; Paul O. Stensland, Soren D. Thorson, of Central Manufacturing Co,
and John R. Walsh, president Chicago National Bank. The following
figures show the condition of the business of the bank in January of the
present year. Assets; loans and discounts, $458,869.16; furniture, fixtures
and lease, $10,201.50; due from banks, $83,250.29; cash on hand, $56,163.71;
total, $608,484.66. Liabilities: capital stock, $250,000; undivided profits,
$5,237.03; individual deposits, $216 393.08; savings deposits, $136,853.95;
total, $353,24f .63; grand total, $608,484.66.
This bank does a general business and in addition has a savings depart-
ment. Teachers, clerks, artisans and wage-workers generally, will fiud'this
a convenient and safe place for their savings. Deposits received in this
department in amojints of one dollar and upwards, and interest allowed at
the usual rates. This bank sells exchange and money orders on foreign
countries at the lowest market rates. Drafts, payable on demand, drawn on
all principal cities in Europe, and remittances made to any address without
risk to the purchaser. Foreign money bought and sold. Connected with
this bank are the Milvtaukee avenue Safe Deposit Vaults, where private
boxes for the safe keeping of documents and other valuables, are rented at
$5.00 per year. Entrance through the bank. The high standing and popu-
larity of the president of the bank in his capacity of a private citizen, brings
to the institution, of which he is the head, the confidence of the public. Mr.
Stensland'g time is given almost wholly to the conduct of this institution, and
it gives promise of ranking among the great banking houses of the city before
very long.
Northern Trust Company. Organized under the jurisdiction and super-
vision of the State of Illinois, August, 1889. Capital fully paid in $1,000,-
000. Present officers B. L. Smith, president;. Charles L. Hutchinson, vice-
presi'dent; Arthur Heurtle}', cashier; Frank L. Hawkey, assistant cashier.
Directors A. C. Bartlett, J. Harley Bradley, II. N. Higinbotham, Marvin
Hughitt, Charles L. Hutchinson, A. O. Slaughter, Martin A. Ryerson,
Albert A. Sprague, B. L. Smith. Location of banking house, Chamber of
Commerce building, southeast corner of Washington and La Salle streets.
Peabody, Houghteling & Co., 59 Dearborn street, Investment Bankers.
Some years before the great fire of 1871 the extensive business done by this
firm in mortgage loans upon real estate in Cook county had its origin Mr.
156 GUIDE TO CHICAGO.
Benjamin E. Gallup was associated with Mr. Peabody in the business, under
the firm name of Gallup & Peabody, until 1875 or 1876. The firm earned a
high reputation for ability and conservatism, and enjoyed the confidence of a
large list of investors. From and after January, 1876, Mr. Gallup's connec-
tion with the business having terminated, the business was conducted under
the firm name of Francis B. Peabody & Co. Mr. James L. Houghteling
became a partner in the business January 1, 1885, and since the name of the
house has been as indicated in the caption of this sketch. Their business has
kept pace with the growth of the city, and they are now reputed to do the
leading business in mortgage loans in this city.
They are known to exercise the greatest care in the valuations of real
estate offered for loans, in the examination of title and in ascertaining the
character and responsibility of borrowers. By reason of their long expe-
rience, fair dealing, promptness and available capital, they are enabled in all
conditions of the money market to select the best securities and to deal with
the most responsible class of borrowers. They have contributed very largely
in making loans upon Chicago property the most popular and desirable of
investments.
Their clientage, already very extensive, is rapidly growing, and embraces
some of the most prominent financial and educational institutions, both in the
East and in Chicago. The first mortgages (principal and interest payable in
gold) they have constantly in hand are bought largely for the investment of
trust funds, where safety and a fair rate of interest can be combined.
Peterson & Bay, Bankers. Established 1873. Andrew Peterson and Geo.
P. Bay, owners; deal in investment securities, foreign exchange, mortgage
loans, make collections and do a general real estate business. Location of
banking house Southwest corner La Salleand Randolph sts.
Prairie State Savings and Trust Company. Organized February 22, 1861,
with a capital of $100,000 ; increased to $200,000 October 8, 1890 ; present
officers, Charles B. Scoville, president ; George Van Zandt, vice-president ;
George Woodland, cashier. Location of banking house 45 South Des-
plaines st.
Pullman Loan and Savings Bank. Located at Pullman. Chicago.
Officers: George M. Pullman, president: Edward F. Bryant, secretary;
directors, Geoige M. Pullman, Marshall Field, Stephen F. Gale, John W.
Doane, Geo. F. Brown, C. R. Cummings, John De Koven, G. Vandersyde
and James Chase. Statement of condition, January 1, 1892: Resources:
Loans and discounts, $509,982.69 ; due from banks and depositories, $192,-
926 26; real estate, furniture and fixtures, $2.827.82; cash, $48,939.74. Total
resources, $754,676.51. Liabilities: Capita], $100,000; surplus, $50,000; profit
and loss, $7,449.16; dividend unpaid, $3,000; deposits, commercial, $174,-
598.34; deposits, savings, $419.629.01. Total liabilities, $754,676.51.
Slaughter, A. 0. & Co. Located at 111-113 La Salle street (Chamber of
Commerce building); A. O. Slaughter and William V. Baker, proprietors.
Mr. Slaughter has been in business here for over twenty-five years, and is
considered the best informed authority on railroad bonds and stocks in the
city. Mr. Baker is of the old firm of Baker & Parmele, which started as
bankers and brokers in 1886. Mr. Parmele died in May, 1890. The firm of
A. O. Slaughter & Co. was established in July, 1890. This house ranks
among the most solid and reliable institutions of Chicago. Mr. Slaughter's
prominence in social and business circles is indicative of the high estimation
CHICAGO AS IT IS. 157
in which he is held on all sides. Mr. Baker takes a foremost position among
the skillful bank executives of the city. The management of the finances of
many great enterprises and of many great estates has been intrusted to this
"firm during recent years. It is considered one of the most, carefully conducted
private banking establishments in the country.
Scliaffner & Co., Bankers. Established January, 1878. One of the
largest and most responsible private banking houses in the country. Herman
Schaffner and A. G. Becker, proprietors and managers. Makes a specialty of
handling commercial paper and dealing with manufacturing and business
firms. Annual business transacted, about $35,000,000. Its business is confined
to the securities and paper of this country, but it has extensive foreign deal-
ings as well. The firm has few equals in the amount of the actual moneyed
transactions made in any of the Eastern cities. The successful handling of
the immense amount of paper as shown by a single year's business, is as
highly gratifying as it is commendatory of the financial ability and acumen of
the members of the firm.
Security, Loan and Savings Bank. Organized August, 1886. Capital,
$100,000. Present officers E. R. Walker, president; D. Rankin, cashier.
Location of banking house, 127 La Kalle Street.
State Bank of Chicago. Located at the northeast corner of La Salle and
Lake streets (Marine building). Formerly the private banking house of Hau-
gan & Lindgren, established originally 1879. New bank established February
10,1891. Cash capital, $500,000. Officers: H. A. Haugan, president; John H.
Dwight, vice-president; John R. Lindgren, cashier. Directors: Thomas
Murdoch, A. P. Johnson, H. C. Durand, A. Jurgens, J. M. Larimer, Charles
L. Hutchinson, Theo. Freeman, John H. Dwight, P. 8. Peterson, H. A.
Haugan, John R. Lindgren. The last report of the bank shows the following
as its condition Dec. 31, 1891: Loans and discounts, $1,543,957.69; bonds.
$12,992.47; furniture and fixtures. $5,800; cash and due from banks, $503,-
589.01; total resources, ($2,066,339.17; liabilities cash capital, $500,000;
undivided profits, $50,868.37; deposits, $1,515,470.80; total liabilities. $2,066,-
339.17.
Union Trust Company. Organized under the laws of the State of Illinois,
April 20, 1870. Present officers S. W. Rawson, president; E. F. Pulsifer,
vice-president; G. M. Wilson, cashier; F. L. Wilk, assistant cashier. J. H.
Pearson and James Longley , in addition to the above, constitute the Directory.
Capital and surplus, $1,000,000. Location of banking house, northeast
corner of Madison and Dearborn streets.
Western Trust and Savings Bank. Organized under the name of
Western Investment Bank, in 1884. Reorganized under its present name,
January, 1890. Present officers William Holgate, president; E. Jennings,
vice-president; William P. Kimball, second vice-president. Capital, $100,-
000. Location of banking house, Washington street and Fifth ave.
CEMETERIES.
There are many beautiful burying grounds within the present corporate
limits of the city, and in the immediate suburbs. There are no old grave-
yards, or church-yards, such as may be seen in the cities and towns of Europe,
or in the older cities of this continent, within the business district. The
only remains of a cemetery to be seen in the old city is the tomb of the Couch
family, which still holds its place in Lincoln Park, a great portion of whiqh
158 GUIDE TO CHICAGO.
covers the site of an old graveyard. [See Lincoln Park.] There are no
church-yards in existence in any part of the West. The different ceme-
teries, together with the means of reaching them, are pointed out below.
Anshe Maariv Cemetery. Located at North Clark st. and Belmont ave.
Take Evanston Division of Chicago, Milwaukee *fc St. Paul railroad or
North Clark st. cable line.
Austro- Hungarian Cemetery. Located at Waldheim, 10 miles from the
City Hall. Take train at Grand Central depot, via Chicago and Northern
Pacific railroad. Train leaves at 12:01 p. m. daily, including Sundays, run
ning direct to the new cemetery station, immediately adjoining Waldheim,
Forest Home and the Jewish Cemeteries. [See Waldheim Cemetery.]
Beth Hamedrash Cemetery. Located at Oakwoods, Sixty-seventh st. and
Cottage Grove ave. Take Cottage Grove ave. cable line or Illinois Central
train, foot of Randolph or Van Buren st. [See Oakwoods Cemetery.]
B'nai Abraham Cemetery. Located one-half mile south of Waldheim,
nine and one-half miles from the City Hall. Take train at Grand Central
depot, via Chicago and Northern Pacific railroad. Trains leave at 12:01
daily, including Sundays. [See Waldheim Cemetery.]
B'nai Shilom Cemetery. Located on North Clark st. and Graceland ave.
Take North Clark st. cable line, or Evanston Division of Chicago, Milwau-
kee & St. Paul railroad.
Calvary Cemetery. Located south of and adjoining the village of South
Evanston, ten- miles from the City Hall. Take train at Wells St. depot, via
Chicago & North-Western railway, or at Union depot, via Evanston Division
of Chicago, Milwaukee & St. Paul railroad. This is the largest and oldest
of the Roman Catholic cemeteries. It is situated beautifully,, fronting Sheri-
dan road and Lake Michigan. The cemetery is laid out with great taste.
There are many costly and handsome tombs and monuments to be seen here.
Among the latter is one erected to the memory of Colonel Mulligan, the hero
of Lexington. The tombs of the leading Roman Catholic families of Chicago
are located here. This burying ground was consecrated in 1861. The inter-
ments have exceeded 25,000. Trains leave on both lines for Calvary at brief
intervals daily, including Sundays.
Cemetery of tJie Congregation of the North Side. Located at Waldheim,
ten miles from the City Hail. Take train at Grand Central depot, via
Chicago & Northern Pacific railroad. Trains leave at 12:01 daily, including
Sundays.
Chebra Gemilath Chasadim Ubikar Cholim Cemetery. Located on N.
Clark st., south of Graceland Cemetery. Take train on Evanston Division of
Chicago, Milwaukee & St. Paul railroad, or N. Clark street cable line. [See
Gracelanu Cemetery.]
Chebra KadistM Ubikar Cholim Cemetery. Located on N. Clark st., south
of Graceland Cemetery. .Take train on Evanston Division of Chicago, Mil-
waukee & St. Paul railroad, or N. Clark street cable line. [See Graoeland
Cemetery.]
Coneordia Cemetery. Located about nine miles west of the City Hall on
Madison st. , beside the Desplaines river. [See Forest Home Cemetery.]
Forest Home Cemetery. Located about nine miles west of the City Hall
on Madison st., beside the Desplaines river. Coneordia Cemetery adjoins
THE ENCYCLOPEDIA. 159
this burying ground. Take train at Grand Central depot, via Chicago &
Northern Pacific railroad. Its eighty acres comprise a portion of the giound
once constituting Haase's park, a noted resort of its day. This cemetery i
beautifully situated and laid out with great taste. The interments in Forest
Home Cemetery and Concordia Cemetery combined have numbered about
15,000.
Free Sons of Israel Cemetery. Located at Waldheim, ten miles from the
City Hall. Take train at Grand Central depot, via Chicago & Northern
Pacific railroad. [See Waldheim Cemetery.]
German Lutheran Cemetery. Located on N. Clark St., se. cor. of Grace-
land ave. Take N. Clark street cable line. This cemetery belongs to the St.
Paul and Emauuel Luthern Churches.
Graceland Cemetery. Located on North Clark street, five miles from the
City Hall. Take train at Union depot, via Evanston Division Chicago, Mil-
waukee 3TSt. Paul railroad for Buena Park, the beautiful station of which
suburb faces the main entrance of the cemetery, or take the North Clark street
cable line. Better still, the visitor will enjoy a magnificent carriage*ride by
way of the North Side Water Works, Lake Shore Drive, Lincoln Park,
through Lake View and some of the most charming of the Northern suburbs,
to this cemetery. The Graceland Cemetery Company was organized under a
special charter in 1861. William B. Ogden, Edwin H. Sheldon, Thomas B.
Bryan, Sidney Sawyer, and George A. Healy being the first incorporators.
The charter confers ample powers for the maintenance and preservation of
the cemetery. All burial lots are declared exempt from taxation, and from
execution and attachment; no street or thoroughfare can be laid out through
the cemetery; nor can any part of the grounds be condemned for right of way
by any other corporation for any purpose whatever. Under the charter ten
per cent, of the gross proceeds of all sales of burial lots are set apart as a sink-
ing fund for the perpetual maintenance of the cemetery grounds. This fund
is held and managed by trustees elected by the lot holders, and is under their
sole control. These trustees are also authorized to take any grant or bequest
in trust, and to apply the same in such manner as the donor or testator may
prescribe, for the care or embellishment of anj r particular lots. Save for the
building of a receiving vault, nothing has been taken from the general sink-
ing fund during thirty years; and this fund at the past rate of increase will,
within a few years, reach $250,000; which sum the trustees propose to retain
as a permanent capital, whereof the income shall be devoted to the purposes
of their trust. The trustees of this fund will be recognized as amoni> Chi-
cago's most prominent and honored citizens, viz.: William Blair, J. W.
McGenniss, Daniel Thompson, E. W. Blatchford, George C. Walker, Hiram
Wheeler, Edwin II. Sheldon, Jerome Beecher, A. J. Averill, John De
Koven, Henry W. King; Hiram Wheeler, president: Edwin H. Sheldon, vice-
president; Jerome Beecher, treasurer; George C. Walker, secretary. The
site of Graceland is admirably adapted for a burial ground. It extends for
a mile along an elevated and handsome ridge, whose natural beauty has
been enhanced by every appliance of taste and -art. The superintendent,
O. C. Simonds, is an accomplished landscape gardener and civil engin-
eer, and under his direction Graceland will bear comparison with any
cemetery in the United States. Stone coping, hedges and side-paths are
dispensed with. The entire planting is done under the direction of the
superintendent, and each section resembles a beautiful lawn covered with
160 GUIDE 1O CHICAGO.
green turf and dotted with shrubs and graceful trees. In this City of the
Dead the voices of Nature breathe comfort into the hearts of the sorrowful,
and whisper of hope and consolation. The cemetery has become a gardea
whose beauty renders less sombre the solemn associations of the tomb. If the
mourner sees in the flowers which are laid upon the new-made grave an
emblem of the cherished form which is buried from his sight, he also sees in
the blossoms which bloom around him the emblem of its resurretion.
Hebrew Benevolent Society Cemetery. Located South of Graceland Ceme-
tery and may be reached in a similar manner.
Moses Montefiore Cemetery. Located at Waldheim, ten miles from the
City Hall. [See Waldheim Cemetery.]
Mount Greenwood Cemetery. Located one-half mile west of Morgan
Park, a suburb, fourteen miles south of the City Hall. Take trains at the Van
Buren Street depot, via Chicago, Rock Island & Pacific railway.
Mount Hope Cemetery. Projected; to be located at Washington Heights,
south of the city.
Mount Olive Cemetery. Located at Dunning, nine miles west of the City
Hall. Take train at Union depot, via Chicago, Milwaukee & St. Paul rail-
road. This is a beautiful cemetery and is the burying-place of Scandinavian
families. The secretary and treasurer is Mr. Paul O. Stensland.
Mount Olivet Cemetery. Located one-half mile west of the suburb of
Morgan Park. Take train at Dearborn station, via Chicago & Grand Trunk
railway.
Oakwoods Cemetery. Located on Sixty-seventh street and Cottage Grove
avenue. Take Illinois Central railroad, foot of Randolph or Van Buren
street, or Cottage Grove avenue cable line. This cemetery was laid out in
1864. It includes 200 acres of ground beautifully laid out on the "lawn
plan." A charming drive to the cemetery is via Michigan and Grand boule-
vards and Washington Park. This, Rosehill and Graceland are the three
prominent native Protestant burying grounds of the city.
Ohavey Emunah Cemetery. Located at Waldheim, ten miles from the
City Hall. Take train at Grand Central depot, via Chicago & Northern Pacific
railroad. Trains leave at 12:01 P. M. daily, including Sundays. [See Wald-
heim Cemetery.]
Ohavey Scholom Cemetery. Located at Oakwoods, Sixty-seventh street
and Cottage Grove avenue. Take Cottage Grove Avenue cable line or Illi-
nois Ceutraltraiu, foot of Randolph or Van Buren street. [See Oakwoods
Cemetery.]
Rosehill Cemetery. Located seven miles northeast of the City Hall.
Take train at Wells Street depot, via Milwaukee Division of Chicago &
North- Western railroad. The Rosehill Cemetery Company was chartered
February 11, 1859. This burying ground covers at present about 500 acres,
but extensions can be made. Two hundred additional acres have already been
platted and improved. It is the most beautiful cemetery in the vicinity of
Chicago and contains many handsome and costly tombs and monuments, the
most prominent of the latter being the soldiers' monument at the head of the
main avenue. Large numbers of those who were once the leading men of the
city are interred here, and the inscriptions on the tombs are interesting to the
students of Chicago history. The green-houses and conservatories of Rose-
hill are very handsome and extensive. The ground slopes down to the rail-
THE ENCYCLOPEDIA. 161
road track and forms a beautiful landscape. li is thickly wooded with flne
trees, and a large lake adds greatly to its beauty. Thia cemetery may be
reached easily by carriages, via Lake Shore drive, Lincoln Park, Graceland
and some of the most cheering of the northern suburbs. Among the things
which will at once strike the visitor with admiration is the handsome entrance
arch.
Sinai Congregational Cemetery. Located, at Rosehill. [See Rosehill
Cemetery.]
St. Boniface Cemetery. Located on N. Clark st., cor. of Lawrence ave.
Take North Clark street cable line. This is the German Roman Catholic
Cemetery.
Waldheim Cemetery. Located ten miles west of the City Hall. Take
train at Grand Central depot, via Chicago & Northern Pacific railroad.
Funeral train leaves at 12:01 p. M. daily, including Sundays, running direct
to the new cemetery station, immediately adjoining Waldheim, Forest Home
and the Jewish cemeteries. Here are interred the anarchists executed for
connection with the Hay market bomb-throwing. [See Haymarket Massacre.]
A number of burying-grounds are located in this vicinity.
Zion Congregation, Cemetery. Located at Rosehill. [See Rosshill
Cemetery.]
CHARITIES.
Charity aboundeth in Chicago. It is estimated that the amount volun-
tarily subscribed annually for charity, and in support of charitable institutions
In Chicago, exceeds $3,000,000. Hospitals, which are supported either by
public or private charity, are not included under this heading. Neither are
reformatory institutions. The following are the leading charitable works
and institutions of the city.
Recognized Charities. Following is a list of the recognized or deserving
charities of the city, which includes every character of organized work, with
addresses:
ASYLUMS AND HOMES. American Educational Aid Society. Finda
homes for children. Nursery located at 238 Sixty -sixth st. Older children
at Aurora, 111., till homes are found. Office, room 41, 232 La Salle st.
Chicago Industrial School for Girls. (Catholic.) A home for girls from 4 to
18 years of age. Cor. Indiana ave. and 49lh st. Chicago Nursery and Half-
Orphan Asylum. Pay and free. 175 Burling st. and 855 N. Halsted st.
Chicago Orphan Asylum. 2228 Michigan ave. Children's Aid Society.
Receives suitable homeless and destitute children, and places them in family
homes. Also finds homes for mothers with one child. Home on Indiana
ave., near 31st st. Office, room 44, 204 Dearborn st. Church Home for
Aged Persons. (Episcopal.) Ladies only. Terms, $5.00 per week, or life
contract, $300. 4327 Ellis ave. Cook County Insane Asylum. Telephone
4334, Dunning, 111. Cook County Poor House. Telephone 4334, Dunning,
111. Application for admission should be made at the office of the County
Agent, 128 S. Clinton st. Danish Lutheran Orphan's Home. Free (unless
friends are able to pay). 69 Perry ave., Maplewood. Erring Woman's
Refuge. For the reformation of fallen women. Free. Telephone 10162,
5024 Indiana ave. Foundling's Home. Free. 114 S. Wood st. German
162 GUIDE TO CHICAGO.
Old People's Home. both sexes. Admission, $300. Harlem, Cook Co.
Gurdian Angel Orphan Asylum. (German Catholic.) Havelock P. O., Cook
Co. Holy Family Orphan Asylum. (Catholic.) Cor. Holt and Division sts.
Home for Crippled Children. 91 Heine st. West North avenue cars to
Heine st. Home for the Aged. (Catholic.) (Little Sisters of the Poor.) Both
sexes. Free. 29 and 31 E. 25th st. ; W. Harrison, cor. Throop, and Sheffield
ave., cor. Fullerton ave. Home fdr Convalescents. Convalescents are
boarded out in families at the rate of $5.00 per week. Address Dr. Dela-.
field, 4333 Ellis ave. Home for the Friendless. Temporary home for women
and children. Homeless and abandoned children are placed in permanent
homes. Telephone 8194. 1926 Wabash ave. The Chicago Relief and Aid
Society owns certain rights in this institution. Home for Incurables Both
sexes. Pay and free. Telephone 10074; Ellis ave., cor. 56th st. Home for
Self-supporting Women. All the inmates are required to pay. Tele-
phone 3710. 275 Indiana st. Home for Unemployed Girls. (Catholic.)
House of the Good Shepherd. Market st., cor. of Elm. Home of Indus-
stry. Discharged male prisoners. 234 Honore st. House of the Good
Shepherd. (Catholic.) Reformatory institution for young girls. N. Market
st., cor. Hill. House of Providence. (Catholic.) (Mercy Hospital.) For
unemployed girls. Calumet ave., cor. 26th st. Illinois Industrial School for
Girls. Reformatory institution for young girls. South Evanston, III. Illi-
nois Industrial Training School for 603 s. Free. Glenwood Paik, 111.
Illinois Misonic Orphan's Home. 447 Carroll ave. IllinoisSoldiers' Orphans'
Home. Government institution. Free. Normal, 111. Illinois Women's
Soldiers' Home. 1408 Wabash ave. Martha Washington Home. For ine-
briate women. Telephone 12181. Graceland ave., cor. Western ave. News-
boys' and Bootblacks' Home. Pay and free. 1418 Wabash ave. Old
People's Home. Ladies only. Admission, $300 and furniture for one room.
Indiana ave., cor. of 39th st. The Chicago Relief and Aid Society owns
twenty-five rooms in this institution, for which application maybe made at
its office, 51 and 53 La Salle st. Servile Sisters' Industrial Home for Girls.
(Catholic.) 1396 W. VanBurenst. Soldiers' Home. The Home is abolished,
but the money is distributed, by members of its Board, to old soldiers or
their families, at the Chicago Relief and Aid Society, 51 and 53 La Salle st.
St. Joseph's Asylum for Boys. (Catholic.) Crawford ave., bet. W, Diversey
and W. Belmont. St. Joseph's Home for the Friendless. (Catholic.) An
industrial school and home for girls, and school for the deaf. 409 8. May st.
St. Joseph's Orphan Asylum. Catholic.) Both sexes. 35th st., cor. Lake
ave. St. Mary's Training School for Boys. (Catholic.) Free. Feehanville,
Cook Co., 111. St. Vincent's Infant Asylum and Maternity Hospital. (Cath-
olic.) 191 La Salle ave. Telephone 3282 Swedish Home of Mercy. Men
and Women. Free. Bowmanville, 111. The Bethany Home of the Swedish
M. E. Church for Aged Women. Sheridan road and Ilinn ave. Uhlich Evan-
gelical Lutheran Orphan Asylum. (German.) 221 Burling st., cor. Center.
Waifs' Mission. Home and School for Boys. Pay and free. 44 State st.
Washingtonian Home. Men only. Pay and free. Telephone 7028. 566
"W. Madison st. Western Seaman's Friend Society. Sailors. Pay and free.
32 N. Desplaines st. Working Boys' Home and Mission of our Lady of
Mercy. Pay and free. 361 W. Jackson st. Young Women's Christian Asso-
ciation. Good board and wholesome surroundings at a very low rate, for
skilled workingwomen. 288 Michigan ave. Young Women's Christian
Association. Home for Transients. Nominal price or free. 362 W. Jack-
THE ENCYCLOPEDIA. 163
son st. An agent is also sent to meet incoming trains. Employment office
and dispensary, 240 W abash ave.
FREE DISPENSARIES. Armour Mission Dispensary, Cor. of 33d st. and
Armour av. Bethesda Mission Dispensary, 406 Clark st. Chicago Polyclinic
Dispensary, 176 E. Chicago av. Free Dispensary for the Poor. Telephone
8343, 2625 Dearborn st. Medical Mission Dispensary, 2242 Wentworth av.
W. S. W. C. T. U. Dispensary, Hours from 2 to 4 P.M., 870 W. Madison st.
In addition to the above, dispensaries will be found in connection with every
Hospital and Medical College.
FREE EMPLOYMENT BUREAUS. Children's Aid Society. For boys',
Room 44, 204 Dearborn st. German Society. For men, 49 La Salle st.
Provident Laundry of the Home for Self-Supporting Women. Instructs laun-
dresses and gives employ!) ent to needy women. Telephone 3710. 275 E.
Indiana st. The Helping Hand. For men, N. E. cor. Washington boul.
and Clinton st. Waifs' Mission. For boys, 44 State st. Wood Yard of the
Chicago Relief and Aid Society. For men. Telephone 3415. 395 N. Clark
st. Young Men's Christian Association. For men and boys. Telephone 359,
148 Madison st. Young Women's Christian Asso. Employment found for gover-
nesses, book-keepers, office clerks, seamstresses, etc., room 61, 243Wabashav.
DAT NURSERIES AND CRECHES. Bethesda Mission Creche, 406 S. Clark
st. Hull House Creche, 221 Ewing st. Margaret Etter Creche, 2356 Wabash
av. Talcot Day Nursery No. 1, 169 W. Adams st. Talcott Day Nursery
No 2, 581 Austin av. Unity Church Creche, 80 Elm st.
FREE NURSES AND TRAINING SCHOOLS FOR NURSES. Bethesda Deaconess
Institution (German) Free nurses for the poor may be obtained, 30 and 32
Belden pi. Chicago Deaconess' Home. Free nurses for the poor may be
obtained, 221 E. Ohiost. Chicago Training School. Free, 114 Dearborn ave.
Clara Barton Training School for Nurses. All pay, 3411 Cottage Grove ave.
Illinois-Training School for Nurses. In connection with Cook County Hos-
pital, telephone 7155, 304 Honore St., near W. Harrison st. Michael Reese
Hospital Training School. Twenty-ninth st., cor. of Groveland ave. Nor-
wegian Deaconess' Home. Free nurses maybe obtained, 190 Humboldt st.
Poor Handmaids of Jesus Christ (Catholic). Day nurses, pay and free, 212
Hudson ave. and 52 Newberry ave. Provident Hospit&l Training School
(colored). Dearborn st., cor. of 29tb. Sisters of Mary (Episcopal). Visit
among the sick, 215 Washington blvd. St. Luke's Hospital Training School.
1420 Wabash ave. Training School of the Hospital for Women and Chil-
dren. W. Adams st., cor. of Paulina. Visiting Nurse Association. Free
nurses may be obtained for poor people; North Side, telephone 3002, North-
west Side, telephone 4518; South Side, telephone 8166; West Side, telephone
7134; office, 59 Dearborn st. Woman's Hospital Training School. 32d st.,
nw. cor. Rhodes ave.
HOSPITALS. Alexian -Brothers Hospital. (Catholic). Men and boys.
All diseases except contagious. Pay and free. Telephone 3467. 539 N.
Market st. The- Chicago Relief and Aid Society owns eighteen beds in
this Hospital, for which application may be made at its office, 51 and 53
LaSalle st. Augustana Hospital. (Swedish). Both sexes and all ages.
All diseases except contagious^ Pay and free. Telephone 3022. 151
Lincoln ave. Baptist Hospital. Pay and free. 541 N. Halsted st. Bennett
Hospital. Both sexes. All pay patients. Telephone 7091. Ada St., cor.
164 GUIDE TO CHCAGO.
Fulton. Chicaga Emergency Hospital. Both sexes and all ages. All dis-
eases except contagious. Surgery a specialty. Pay and free. 191 Superior
st. Chicago Homoeopathic Hospital. Both sexes and all ages. All diseases
except contagious. All pay patients. Telephone 7291. S. Wood st., cor. York.
Chicago Hospital for Women and Children. All diseases except contagious.
Pay and free. Telephone 7071. W. Adams st., cor. Paulina. The Chicago
Relief and Aid Society owns twenty five beds in this Hospital, for which
application may be made at its office, 51 and 53 LaSalle st. Chicago Charity
Hospital. Both sexes and all ages. All diseases except contagious. All
patients free. 59 Plymouth Place (3d ave). Chicago Eye and Ear Infirmary.
Free. Tuesdays and Thursdays, from 2 to 4 o'clock. 2813 Groveland ave.
Chicago Maternity Home. (Lying in Hospital.) All pay patients. Tele-
phone 3627. 1619 Diversey st. Chicago Polyclinic Hospital. All pay
patients. Telephone 3586. 176 E. Chicago ave. Cook County Hospital.
All ages and both sexes. All diseases. Free. Telephone 7133. W.Harrison
St., cor. Wood. German Hospital. Both sexes and ullages. All diseases
except contagious. Half its beds free. Telephone 3376. 754 Larrabee st.
Hahnemann Hospital. Both sexes and all ages. All diseases except conta-
gious. Pay and free. Telephone 8104. 2811 Groveland ave. The Chicago
Relief and Aid Society owns fifteen beds in this Hospital, for which applica-
tion may be made at Its office, 51 and 53 LaSalle st. Illinois Chaiiiable Eye
and Ear Infirmary. State Institution. Boarding and dispensary patients.
All free. Telephone 4048. 227 W. Adams st. The Chicago Relief and Aid
Society owns rooms for twenty patients in this Institution, for which applica-
tion may be made at its office, 51 and 53 LaSalle st. Lake Side Hospital.
Surgery a specialty. All pay patients. Telephone 10221. Marine Hospital.
Sailors. Government Institution. Special provision for contagious diseases.
Free. Telephone 12107. N. Halsted st. , near Graceland ave. Maurice Porter
Memorial FreeHospitai for Children. 606 Fullerton ave. Mercy Hospital. (Catho-
olic.) Both sexes and all ages. All diseases except contagious. Pay and free.
Telephone 8267. Calumetave. , cor. 26th st. The Chicago Relief and Aid"Society
ownsforty beds in this hospital, for which application may be made atits office,
51 and 53 LaSalle st. Michael Reese Hospital. (Jewish.) All ages and both
sexes. Pay and free. Telephone 8212. 29th st., cor. Groveland ave. Na-
tional Temperance Hospital. All ages and both sexes. All pay patients.
Telephone 8341. 3411 Cottage Grove ave. Presbyterian Hospital. Both
sexes. All diseases except contagious. Pay and free. A convalescent De-
partment is attached to this Hospital. Telephone 7189. W. Congress st.,
cor. S. Wood. Provident Hospital. (Colored.) Pay and free. S. W. cor.
29th and Dearborn sts. St. Joseph Hospital. (Catholic.) Both sexes and all
ages. All disea c es except contagious. Pay and free. Telephone 3543. 360
Garfield ave. , cor. Burling st. The Chicago Relief and Aid Society owns
thirty beds in this Hospital, for which application may be made at its office,
51 and 53 LaSalle st. St. Luke's Free Hospital. (Episcopal.) Both sexes
and all ages. All diseases except contagious. Pay and free. Telephone
8438. 1420 Indiana ave. The Chicago Relief and Aid Society owns twenty-
eight beds in this Hospital, for which application may be made at its office,
51 and 53 LaSalle st.) St. Elizabeth Hospital. (Catholic.) Both sexes and
all ages. All diseases except contagious. Pay and free. Telephone 7329.
Davis st., cor. Thompson. West North Avenue cars to Davis st. Wesley
Hospital. (Methodist.) Both sexes and all ages. All diseases except conta-
gious. Pay and free. Telephone 2415. 355 Ohio st. Woman's Hospital of
w P
<
72
^> O
: H *"*
O p< n
s -
"Ow
~ O 3
re
?
I
Si
C/) 3
THE ENCYCLOPEDIA. 165
Chicago. Women only. Pay and free. Telephone 8353. 32d St., cor.
Rhodes ave.
MISSIONS AND MISCELLANEOUS. ANCHOKAGE MISSION. A temporary
home for friendless girls, including fallen women and discharged female
prisoners. 125 Plymouth pi. (Third ave.) ARMOUR MISSION INDUSTRIAL
SCHOOL. For boys and girls. (See list of Creches and Kindergartens.) Tele-
phone 8390. Cor. 33d st. and Armour ave. BETHESDA MISSION. Cheap lodg-
ing house for men. (See also list of Creches and Kindergartens.) 406 S. Clark.
BUREAU OP JUSTICE. Legal protection against injustice for those who are una-
ble to protect themselves. 154 Lake st. CHICAGO EXCHANGE FOR WOMAN'S
WORK Work of indigent women sold at a commission of 10 per cent. Tele-
phone 2912. 209 Wabash ave. CITIZEN'S LEAGUE OF CHICAGO. Prosecutes
sellers of liquor to minors. Telephone 1437. Rooms 31 and 32, 116 La Salle st.
G. A. R. CENTRAL RELIEF COMMITTEE. G. A. Soldiers, 453 S. Canal st.
ILLINOIS WOMAN'S ALLIANCE. First Friday of every month. Parlor O,
Palmer House. IMMEDIATE AID MISSION AND INDUSTRIAL DAY SCHOOL.
2917 S. Clark st. LAKE GENEVA FRESH AIR ASSOCIATION. President, E. E.
Ayer, 481 N. Stalest. LINCOLN PARK SANITARIUM. Address Miss Harriet M.
Dewey, Daily News. MINNETONKA WORKING WOMEN'S HOME. A cheap board-
ing house for women, 21 S. Peoria st. PROTECTIVE AGENCY FORWOMEN AND
CHILDREN Protection and defence of the rights of women and children
against wrongs of any nature. Telephone 1782. 828 Opera House Bldg.
THE MUTUAL MEDICAL AID ASSOCIATION. By pa>ing $10 per year, medical
aid will be furnished. Telephone 2519. Room 317, Northern Office Bldg.,
sw. cor. La Salle and Lake sts. THE UNION TRAINING SCHOOL. Industrial
school for boys and girls. Meets every Saturday morning. 1086 W. Lake
st. UNITY CHURCH INDUSTRIAL SCHOOL FOR GIRLS. (See list of Creches
and Kindergartens. 80 Elm st. WESTERN SOCIETY FOR THE SUPPRESSION OF
VICE. For the suppression of obscene literature, etc. Address H. D. Pen-
field, 148 La Salle st.
SOCIETIES. CHICAGO RELIEF AND AID SOCIETY. Non-sectarian. Give
temporary aid to the better class of poor. Also owns two hundred and four
teen beds in private hospitals, twenty-five rooms in the Old People's Home,
and certain rights in the various Orphan Asylums, Newsboys' Home, Eye
and Ear Infirmary, Home for the Friendless, Foundling's Home, etc., etc.
Gives temporary employment to men at its wood yard, through which per-
manent work is often found for them. Telephone 773. Office, 51 and 53
La Salle st. DANISH RELIEF SOCIETY. President, Fritz Frantzen, 296 Mil-
waukee ave. GERMAN SOCIETY FOR THE PROTECTION OF IMMIGRANTS AND
THE FRIENDLESS. Gives aid in cash and otherwise. Also finds work for
immigrants. 49 La Salle st. HYDE PARK RELIEF SOCIETY. President,
Mrs. George Driggs. 5361 Cornell ave. ILLINOIS HUMANE SOCIETY. For
the prosecution of persons guilty of cruelty to persons or animals. Telephone
65, room 43, Auditorium Bldg. LUXEMBOURG SOCIETY. For Luxembourg-
ers only. 49 La Salle st. NORWEGIAN SOCIETY. Temporary aid to Norwe-
gians. First and third Monday in every month. President, John Blegen.
164 Randolph st. RUSSIAN REFUGEE CHARITY ASSOCIATION. General relief
to Hebrew Russian Refugees. 567 S. Halsttd st. SCANDINAVIAN BETHANY
AID SOCIETY. Second Monday of each month. Secretary, Adolf Monsen, 244
W. Erie st. 330 W. Indiana st. ST. ANDREWS' SOCIETY. Temporary aid to
Scots. First Thursday in February. May, August, and November. Secretary,
166 GUIDE TO CHICAGO.
James Duncan, Sherman House. ST. GEORGE'S BENEVOLENT SOCIETY.
Temporary aid to stranded Euglishmen. First Monday of each month, at St.
George's Hall, 182 Madison. President, Alexander Cook; secretary, W. C. Hill.
SVEA SOCIETY. For Swedes only. First aud third Thursdaysineach month.
Chicago ave. , ne. cor. Larrabee st. Swiss BENEVOLENT SOCIETY. For Swiss
only. Second Monday of each month, at 8 P. M. Uhlich's Hall, Clark St.,
sw. cor. Kinzie. ST. VINCENT DE PAUL SOCIETY. A branch of this Society
is found in nearly every Catholic church, for the relief of its poor. THK
HELPING HAND. Lodging House for men. They pay by sweeping street*, or
doing other work; ne. cor. Washington blvd. and Clinton st. UNITED
HEBREW RELIEF ASSOCIATION. Aid given in cash, and permits to the Jew-
ish Hospital and Jewish Orphan Asylum. Room 50, 181 La Salle st. VISITA-
TION AND AID SOCIETY. (Catholic.) Visit and investigate among the poor.
The aid given is mostly spiritual. Room 5, 124 Dearborn st.
American Educational and Aid Association. V. B. Van Arsdale, super-
intendent, explains the character and scope of the organization as follows :
" We have 1,000 local advisory boards composed of representative citizens in
as many towns and communities, whom we have made known to their coun-
ties and committees through the local notices by the press, and through
notices read from the pulpits, as well as by our printed matter. A homeless
and needful child, as soon as it is known, is reported lo some of this local
board, which reports the same to me as general superintendent. In the city
of Chicago we have local boards in the various churches, as the result of res-
olutions passed in their ministerial associations. Besides these local advisory
boards we have the co-operation of the members and friends of our associa-
tion and the various institutions where homeless children are sent. We send
these children who come to oui; care to the temporary Homes at Englewood
and Aurora. Our work is sustained by voluntary contributions. The total
expense of every kind for the rescue of these children and placing them in
families, where a large per cent, of them become worthy citizens, is less than
$50 per child."
The American Educational Aid Association has become familiarly known
as the Children's Home Society of Chicago, and the following lines have
been adopted as its popular symbol and motto :
Give thy mite, give golden treasure,
Freely as to child thine own ;
Give thy heart in loving' measure:
H P I~ o ~hiui ^o find a home.
The following names appear in the list of patronesses : Mrs. John Wood-
bridge, Mrs. P. E. Studebaker, Mrs. H. N. May, Mrs. N. R. Cliittenden, Mrs.
Francis Lackner, Mrs. Benton J. Hall, Mrs. William Dunn, Mrs. J. D. Gillett,
Rev. Florence E. Kollock, Mrs. Richard J. Oglesby, Mrs. John M. Palmer,
Mrs. E. F. Lawrence, Mrs. A. P. Miller, Mrs. G. AV. Mathews, Mrs. A. C.
Mather, Mrs. Solomon Thatcher, Jr. ; Mrs. M\*ra Bradwell.
Following are the officers: John Woodbridge, president; Thomas Gait,
recording secretary; Edward F. Lawrence, treasurer. Directors: R. D. Scott,
F. J. Walton, N. H. Axtel, J. W. Conly, E. C. Moderwell, J. W. Allen,
Henry Augustine, F. M. Gregg, William T. Baker, Ferd W. Peck. E. F.
Lawrence, E. B. Butler, Francis Lackner, S. A. Maxwell, William H. Litch-
field, W. L. Tamblyn, A. H. Wheeler, Judge M. F.Tuley, Joseph Badenoch,
J. C. Armstrong, A. K. Perry, E. P. Savage, George K. Hoover, Fred H.
THE ENOYCLOPLDIA. 167
Wines, D. F. Carnahan, Judge J. P. Altgeld, M. W. Haynes, F. B. Tobey,
J. 8. Jenckes, R. W. McClaughry, Mrs. J. M. Flower, Dr. Winnie M.
Cowan, Dr. C. Northop.
This society has placed 1,800 children in good homes during* the last
nine years. One child, on an average, is now placed every day. Location of
office, 230 LaSalle st.
Armour Mission. Located at Butterfleld and Thirty-third streets, take
State street cable line. Directors Philip D. Armour, J. O. Armour, William
J. Campbell, John C. Black, P. D. Armour, Jr., Edwin Barritt Smith; Rev.
Howard H. Russell, pastor; established in November, 1886. This magnificent
charity owes its origin to a provision in the will of the late Joseph F. Armour,
bequeathing f 100, 000 for the founding of such an institution. He directed
that the carrying out of his benevolent design should be chiefly intrusted to his
brother, Mr. Philip D. Armour, who, accepting the trust so imposed, has given
to it the same energetic and critical attention that he has given to his private
affairs. He has greatly enlarged upon the original design and in consequence
has added enough from his own resources to his brother's bequest of $100,000
to make the present investment about $1,000,000. Armour Mission is incor-
porated under the laws of Illinois. In addition to the Mission building
proper, the Armour Mission corporation owns the Armour Mission Flats, con-
sisting of 194 separate flats. The entire revenue derived from the rental of
these flats is used for the maintenance of the Mission and its departments. The
corporation also owns adjoining ground upon which Mr. Armour has recently
erected a manual training school, not yet ready foroccupancy. The Missionis
abroad and wholly non sectarian institution. It is free and open toall,tothe
full extent of its capacity, without any condition as to race, creed or other-
wise. Mr. Armour believes that children develop into manhood and woman-
hood according to their early training and surroundings, and that much can
be done for the advancement of mankind by lending a helping hand to chil-
dren and youth. His deep interest in the welfare of the young has found
expression in the Mission and no money he has ever expended has yielded
him more genuine satisfaction and pleasure than the large sum he has here
invested and set apart to be forever used for the moral, intellectual and phys-
ical advancement of the young. The Mission building proper is located at
the corner of Armour avenue and Thirty-third street and is constructed in the
most solid and substantial manner, the material used being pressed brick and
brown stone. The woodwork throughout is of polished oak and the furnish-
ings are complete and in entire harmony with the solid character of the build-
ing. The first floor consists of a large room fitted up to receive the Creche or
clay nursery, the kitchen, day room, kindergarten room, reading room, vault,
closets, bath rooms, coal and furnace cellar, and the four dispensary rooms.
The second floor consists of the main audience room, eight class rooms,
adjoining pastor's study, officers' room, library, spacious halls, and, two large
hide rooms to be used for Sunday-school purposes or for small meetings. The
third floor contains a very large and handsomely-fitted-up lecture room. The
main audience room will accommodate about 1,300 persons. The building
when taxed to its full capacity will accommodate a Sunday-school of about
2,500 persons. The audience room is provided with a large pipe-
organ. With its colored glass windows, its tasteful frescoing and
symmetrical form, it is one of the most beautiful rooms of its class. The
seats bring the audience near to the speaker and the acoustic properties are of
168 GUIDE TO CHICAGO.
the best. One of the best features of this room is the arrangement by which It
can be made into a small or large room, as maybe required. The kindergar-
ten and the free medical dispensary departments are worthy of the special
attention o^ the Visitor . The kindergarten will accommodate about 170 little
pupils comfortably and is open to children under the age of seven years.
Upon the completion of Ihe training school the kindergarten will be
removed to that building. It has the care of 200 pupils. Visitors are
greatly pleased with its work and with the bright faces and cleanly appear-
ance of the little ones. The free dispensary of the mission is in charge of
Dr. Swartz, a skillful physician and surgeon, who is provided with all neces-
sary assistants. Treatment and advice are given and prescriptions filled
without charge ; but it is intended that none shall receive either unless unable
to pay for them. An average of about forty patients a day are treated at the
dispensary and a much larger number provided with drugs and medicines
entirely free of charge. The Sunday-school has always been of special
interest to the many who visit the mission. The school numbers about
2,200 enrolled members. The average attendance for last year was about
1,600. In 190 it was 1,400. In 1889 the average was 1,252. There are now
thirty officers and 113 teachers. The Armour Mission flats (194 in-number)
are located at the intersection of Thirty-third, Thirty-fourth and Dearborn
Btfeeta and Armour avenue, occupying both sides of Armour avenue and the
west side of Dearborn street entirely, between Thirty-third and Thirty-fourth
streets, and the north side of Thirty-fourth and a portion of the south side of
Thirty-third, between Dearborn street and Armour avenue. It is a most
desirable location, being convenient to down-town and cross-town street car
lines and to regular railroad suburban passenger service. The buildings are
models of modern architectural skill, both in exterior appearance and in
interior arrangement and finish. The flats rent from $17.50 to $35 per month
each, which includes water rent, day janitor service, night watchman ser-
vice, hall lights and the care of halls and grounds.
Following are the usual weekly " announcements: " SUNDAY Morning
worship for children and families, 11 A. M. Evening, Gospel meeting at tt
o'clock. Sunday school at 3 P. M. Young people's meeting at 7 P. M. MON-
DAY Temperance meeting at 8 P. M. on the first Monday of each month.
WEDNESDAY Children's Choral Class from 4 to 4:30 p. M. FRIDAY Service
for Praise and Bible Study, at 8 P. M. SATURDAY Industrial School: Boys,
10 to 12 A. M. ; Girls, 2 to 4 P. M. The Armour Mission Boys' Batallion is an
organization of four companies of boys, numbering 175, for military drill and
personal improvement. The boys are pledged against the use of tobacco,
intoxicating liquor and vulgar and profane language. This line of work for
the boyslis a great success. The drills of the Batallion are conducted by Col.
W. C. Johnson, on Monday, Tuesday, Thursday and Friday evenings of each
week, at 7:45. NOTES. The Kindergarten is open from 9 A. M. to 12 M. on
every week day except Saturday. One hundred boys and girls from four to
seven years of age are accommodated. The Dispensary is open daily except
Sunday, from 9 A. M. to 11 A. M. It is free to all who are unable to pay for
medicine or medical attendance, or both. The Visitor is published monthly,
for gratuitous distribution in the Sunday-school.
Bureau of Justice. An organization, first, to assist in securing legal
protection against injustice for those who are unable to protect themselves.
Second, to take cognizance of the workings of existing laws and methods of
procedure, and to suggest improvements, Third, to propose new and better
THE ENCYCLOPEDIA. 169
laws, and to make efforts toward securing their enactment. Office rooms,
6 and 7 Marine building, 154 Lake street. Officers: Chas. H. Ham, president;
J. C. Stirling, vice-president and treasurer; Edw. C. Wentworth, secretary.
Board of directors, Chas. ,H. Ham, J. C. Stirling, Edw. C. Wentworth, W.
H. Winslow, H. B. Cragin, Chas. E. Kremer, C. li. Corbin, Chas. E. Rand,
A. L. Singer. Wm. M. Sailer, Wm. R. Manierre and Joseph W. Errant.
Board of counselors, Lyman J. Gage, Henry D. Lloyd, Chas. L. Hutchinson,
C. C. Bonney, E. Of. Keith, V. F. Lawson, Herman Raster, E. T. Jeffrey,
Dr. E. G. Hirsch, Martin J. Russell, Louis Nettlehorst, S. D. Kimbark, John
J. P. Odell, Franklin H. Head, Berthold Loewenthal, O. B. Green, A. C.
Bartlett, Gen. M. M. Trumbull, Wilbur S. Henderson, Rev. J. L. Withrow,
George Schneider, Jos. Beifciu and Franklin MacVeagh. Executive
committee: Chas. H. Ham, Edw. C. Wentworth, Chas. E. Kremer, H. B.
Cragin, J. C. Stirling. Agent and attorney, Joseph W. Errant. A. P.
Williams, as-sistant attorney. The last reports of the attorney and agent
shows that there were 3,783 matters attended to during 1890-91, as against
2,497 for 1889-90 and 1,1(54 during 1888-89, which is indicative of the growth
from year to year in the work of the bureau. The matters attended to afford
an interesting illustratiog of the work peformed. In detail there are as
follows: Chattel mortgage matters, 186; wrongful taking and detention of
personal property, 104; different questions arising out of relation of landlord
and tenant, 180; cases in which exemptions were threatened, 49; cases
involving prosecution for cruel treatment or assault, 22; investigation and
prosecution of -crime, 23; investigation and prosecution of fraud and impo-
sition, 53; persecutions by wrongful suits and by other means, 22; support of
parents, 10; support of children, 33; cases of support for wives, and different
complaints of wives as to husbands, 222; cases involving prosecution for
violation of local ordinances, 9; wrongs to women and girls, 22; different
questions arising out of relation of employer and employe, 755; questions in
relation to real property, 44; wages claims under lien law, 47; other wages
claims, 717; miscellaneous matters requiring active woik of every variety,
167; miscellaneous matters calling for advice of every kind, 1,118. Total,
3,783. The claims for wages during the year amounted to $7,778.75. Other
money claims, $2,879.70, making a total of $10,658.45. During the three
years of its existence the bureau has collected $20,000 in wages, besides
thousands in other claims. This money has been placed in the bauds of those
who had earned it. During the last year the number of suits prosecuted was
357; the number of suits defended, 18. Three hundred and forty-two of
these suits were successfully prosecuted or defended. The bureau takes an
active interest in the prevention of injustice to the poor and friendless in the
matter of chattel mortgage!, from sales, assaults on the person and other
crimes, and does a large amount of good work in the bringing about of neces-
sary reforms in the law. The report of the treasurer for the last year shows
the receipts to have been $5,337.78 and the expenditures $5,371.39. The
bureau is supported by private contributions. The association is composed of
many of the leading citizens of Chicago.
Chicago Daily JNewi Fresh Air Fund. One of the most beautiful and
most popular charities of this city is that carried on every summer undtr the
auspices of the Chicago Daily News Fund. A summary of the work done in
1891 will suffice as a fair example of the administration of its affairs duiing
xhe years of its existence. There was contributed during the season of that
170 GUIDE TO CHICAGO.
year by the public and founders of the charity an aggregate of $8,662.43. Of
tuisam-mntthe sum of $1,333.85 was expended at the Lincoln Park Sanitarium
in the care of the 26.660 infants, children and adults during the months of July,
August and September. The per diem expanse defrayed fromthese contribu-
tions was about 5 cents for each individual. On account of the Country Week
there was expended from the same contributions a total of $2,849.20, for which
sum ample provision was made for railroad transportation and all other inci-
dental and necessary expenses of a fortnight in the country for 3,352 children
and mothers were defrayed. The average duration of visit from each individual
was a fraction over fourteen days, and the average cost was about $1.00 for each
Country-Week euest. In every instance the visitors were greatly benefited.
As theretofore the expenses of executive management, printing, stationery,
postage and sundries the total amounting to $1.837.34 was defrayed by the
Chicago Daily News, thus leaving the gross receipts by subscription or contri-
bution" to go direct for the actual expenses of the beneficiaries. The most im-
portant feature of the Fresh Air Fund of 1889 was the establishment
of a permanent sanitarium for infanta and children at Lincoln Park.
[Take North Clark street cable line to central entrance of Lincoln Park,
and walk eastwardly to the lake.] The building is of the most substantial
character, but without any attempt at elaboration or ornament. Its archi
tectural effect is secured by- simplicity an the teachers in the kindergartens.
These, with the mothers' meetings held once each month in connection with
the different kindergartens, have been of inestimable value in bringing about
a closer sympathy between mother and teacher and the most effectual good to
the children. There have been 4,059 visitors to the kindergartens. This,
172 GUIDE TO CHICAGO.
with the increased number in the training class, is yet another evidence of
the growing interest in the kindergarten work. The little paper, the Free
Kindergarten, issued by the association, has a larger circulation this year,
indicative of a desire by many to investigate more thoroughly the methods of
this association. The paper is issued quarterly, and contains plans and
reports. The association has lost by death several of its prominent original
members; among the number are Mr. L. Hagans, Mr. Caleb Gates, and Mr.
F. Haskel. The training class has four regular instructors, Mrs. Mary
Boomer Page, theory; Miss Eva B. Whitmore, occupations; Miss Margaret
D. Morley, physical culture, and Miss Mary Hofer, vocal music. Besides
these the classes have special lectures from other specialists. Miss Josephine
Locke has given to the classes lectures on form, color, and 'clay modeling.
Other lecturers of the year have been Dr. I. N. Danforth, Dr. McPherson,
Miss Frances Willard, Mrs. Kissell, and Dr. Everett Burr. The special
feature of this association is growing in favor as its work is more thoroughly
investigated. There have been many of its Bible cards sent home and treas-
ured by all members of the family. Texts are chosen that children can com-
prehend and are not given until the thought is worked out through other
materials.
Chicago Nursery and Half-Orphan Asylum. Located at 175 Burling
streeet, and 855 N. Hals ed street. One of the most useful and most worthy
of the charities of Chicago. Officers of the Board of Managers: President,
Mrs. W. C. Goudy; vice-president, Mrs. A. Keith; 2d vice-president, Mrs. H.
J. Berry; secretary, Mrs. F. H. Beckwith; assistant secretary, Mrs. C. Bent-
ley; treasurer, Miss Hurlbut; matron, Miss E. M. Fuller. At the last annual
meeting the treasurer's report showed the total receipts for the year to be
$18,039.37; expenses and investments, $17,560.67; balance on hand, $478.70.
Chicago Orphan Asylum. Located at 2228 Michigan avenue. Take
Cottage Grove avenue cable line. Under Protestant management, but
children of all denominations are admitted. Officers President, Norman
Williams; vice-president, John M. ClarK ; secretary, Frederick B. Tuttle ;
treasurer, W. D. Preston. Officers of the Board of Directresses President,
Mrs. N. T. Gassette ; vice-president, Mrs. B. B. Botford ; corresponding
secretary, Miss S. M. Horton ; recording secretary, Mrs. H. W. Getz ; treas-
urer, Mrs. E. J. Doring; matron, Mrs. Harriet C. Bigelow.
Chicago Policlinic. A large and v well equipped building located at 174
and i76 E.Chicago avenue. Take Clark or Wells street cable cars. This is one
of the most meritorious institutions of the city. All sorts of diseases are
treated free of charge to sufferers. From an enterprise for gratuitous treat-
ment of the poor the physicians interested have developed it into a
college, where active practitioners may take a post-graduate course in surgery
and medicine. The lecture and other rooms have been enlarged and there is
now room for 200. The clinics, which continue the year round, are well
patronized, the daily number of people treated being about 200. The hos-
pital room has recently been increased. About thirty Chicago physicians
are connected with the institution, among them being the following: Drs.
Miller, Belfield, Harris, Chew, M. R. Brown, Henrotin, Etheridge, Hooper,
Colburn, Fiske, Hoadley, MacArthur, Senn, Fenger, Futterer, Patton, Hotz,
Ingals, Church, Hayes, J. B. Hamilton, Banga, Christopher, Anthony, E.
M. Smith, C^S. Bacon, E. L. Holmes, H. M. Lyman.
[Engraved for The Standard Guide Company.]
CORLISS ENGINE HOUSE AND WATER TOWER, PULLMAN, CHICAGO.
[See " Great Industries."]
THE ENCYCLOPEDIA. 173
Chicago Relief and Aid Society. Organized by special act of the legisla-
ture in 1857. Located in Chicago, Relief and Aid Society building, LaSalle
street, between Randolph and Lake streets. This society received a large
portion of the surplus funds contributed by the world for Ihe relief of the
people of Chicago, after the great fire of 1871. The society has from time to
time been severely criticised for the coldness of its management, and thc>
gingerly manner in which it extends its charities. In the last annual report,
it advises strongly against the giving of private alms. The society owns 200
beds in private hospitals. It claims that it has sometimes found a family ask
ing relief when there are children old enough to contribute to their own and
their parents' support, but who are kept at school. The society refuses aid
in such cases, placing self-support and filial duty before education. " In the
midst of abject poverty," so the reports reads, "there is often surprising
wastefulness. There is great need of education in res pect to the ways and
means of economy." During 1890 the following number of articles are said
to have been issued : Men's wear, 749 ; children's wear, 1,459 ; shoes, 1.57 1 }
pairs ; blankets. 104 ; comforts, 37 ; red flannel, 1,520 yards ; canton flannel.
2, 890 yards; unbleached muslin, 2,165; calico, 2.160 ; worsted goods, 183
In the list of nationalities of those who received relief the Germans are at the
head with 510 families, including 2,470 children, and the Scotch are the
sma-llest with 60 families. The total is 2,350 families and 10,940 children.
In the class of cases relieved there were 2,209 of aged, sick, or infirm widows
with families, 400 able-bodied men with families, and 895 deserted women
with families. The total number of applications was 13,565, of which 6,015
were approved ; women sent to the Home for the Friendless, 145 ; children,
300 ; meal tickets issued, 2,746 ; men furnished with employment, outside of
wood-yard, 10,536 ; expended by Superintendent Truesdell, $39,239 ; balance
on hand, $13,482. The cash donations, amounting to $31,583, were divided
into 4 $1,000 subscriptions, sixteen of $500 each, three of $300, thirty of $250
each, eight of $200 each, and a large number of sums ranging from $150 to
$1. The officers are President, John McLaren; B. L. Smith, treasurer;
secretary, W. H. Hubbard; general superintendent, Rev. C. G. Truesdeli,
directors meet first Monday of every month. The society has branch offices
as follows: Southern office, 3601 Wabash ave. Northern office, 420 Lincoln
ave. Western office, Monroe, cor. Ogden ave.
Church Home for Aged Persons. Located at 4327 Ellis ave. Take Cot-
tage Grove avenue cable lines. Reports made at the annual meeting of the
lady managers show the disbursements of last year and no debt for the
coming year. The board is composed of Mrs. Dr. Warden, Mrs. George W.
Mathers* Miss Sayer, Miss Josephine I. Wells and Mrs. George S. McRej-
uolds.
Chicago Home for Crippled Children. Dr. J. Prince in charge. Located
at 91 Heine street. This institution is designed as a mission to the poor and
destitute, and a charitable asylum for infirm or crippled children. It depends
upon voluntary subscription. Ben. K. Chase, tieasurer board of trustees, 70
State street.
Convalescents' Home. Organized 1891 and as yet in its incipiency. The
directors hope to begin in a small way with a home for invalids in the city in
the winter time and a country place during the summer. Officers : President,
174 GUIDE TO CHICAGO.
Dr. Walter Delafleld; vice-president, General Joseph Stockton; secretary,
Charles M. Flack; treasurer, Julius Rosen thai.
Danish Lutheran Orphans' Home. Located at Maplewood, a suburb of
Chicago. Take train at Wells street depot, Wells and Kinzie streets. Under
direction of the Danish Lutheran Church Society of Chicago ; superintendent,
Rev. Andrew S. Nielsen.
Erring Woman's Refuge. Located on the west side of Indiana avenue,
between Fiftieth and Fifty-first streets. Mrs. L. B. Doud, president; Mrs.
H. Y. Lazeau, vice-president; Mrs. John Ailing, recording secretary; Mrs.
Charles Oilman Smith, corresponding secretary; Mrs. E. O. F. Holer, treas-
urer; Mrs. Helen M. Woods, superintendent; Miss Bessie Stone, assistant
superintendent. Teachers Miss Jennie Crawford and Miss Barber. Trus-
tees James H. Swan, Charles M. Charnley, Addison Ballard, H. H. Kohl-
saat, Henry S. Stebbias and G. C. Bentpn. Take Indiana avenue car on
Wabash avenue cable line. This institution was founded in 1865. The pres-
ent building was dedicated and thrown open in the fall of 1890. It cost $60,-
000 and will accommodate 100 women. The plan of the new building may
be described generally as octagonal, thirty-eight feet in diameter, with four
wings 34x48 feet in size. The inner corners of these wings are cut off so as to
form small square courts, with alternate sides of the octagon. The main
entrance, facing Indiana avenue, is in one of these courts, and the angle of the
wings in front of it contains a porch. Across the corresponding angle in the
rear, and communicating with the two rear wings, is the kitchen building.
The building has three stories and basement,' and the rotunda towers, above
the wings, constitute another story. The material used is half-dressed lime-
stone for the basement and Roman red brick for" the superstructure. The
architecture is very plain. In the basement are the store-rooms, truuk-ioom,
engine-room, boiler-room, coal-room, ice-room, vegetable-loom, laundry and
the drying-room, and in the rotunda the gymnasium. On the first floor, the
rotunda, into which the entrance opens, contains the main staircase, which
rises at either side of an ornamental mantel and fire-place tixcd in the smoke-
stack. In the northeast wing are the sewiug-iooms, fitting-ioom and mate-
rial-room. In the southeast wing are the office, parlor, committee-room and
a beautiful chapel. In the northwest wing are the nurseiy, wash-room and a
few dormitories. In the southwest wing are the dining-room and china
closet, and connecting with them the kitchen and pantry. On the second
floor of the rotunda is the library, and in the wings the dormitories, bath-
rooms, servants' quarters and the hospital. The third floor is devoted entirely
to dormitories and bath-rooms. In the fourth story of the rotunda are more
dormitories and two lock-ups, lined with corrugated iron, for the most violent
inmates. The capacity of the building is about 100 inmates. The cost of
the ground was $11,000.
The Erring Woman's Refuge is one of the best managed charities in the
city. The inmates are generally between the ages of 14 and 20. As a rule
they are plain, uneducated and ignorant girls. They drift into the Refuge in
various ways, but mostly from the justice courts, though there is no law
authorizing justices of the peace to commit them there, nor the Refuge itself
to receive and restiain them. Whenever they choose they get released on a
writ of habeas corpus. The aim of the management is to restore the health
of the inmates, teach them housework, plain sewing and dressmaking, and
THE ENCYCLOPEDIA. 175
to awaken their moral and religious nature. They all attend school during
four days in the week. On Sundays there is school in the morning, a sermon
by some minister in the afternoon, and in the evening a prayer meeting con-
ducted by one of the inmates, whom the others have selected for that pur-
pose. There is also a prayer meeting on Thursday evening, a temperance
band of hope, and on the last Saturday evening in every month a public enter-
tainment by the inmates, consisting of recitations and music. At all these
occasions the public is welcome. A sight not easily forgotten is a peep into
thematron's photograph album, containing the likenesses of the girls who have
graduated from the institution. To hear her give the history of one after
another of them is a sad but interesting experience. Visitors are admitted
between 10 A. M. and 4 P. M. daily.
Foundlings' Home. Located at 114 Wood St., near West Madison St.,
West Side. Dr. George E. Shipman, Supt. Visiting day, Tuesday, from
11 A. M. to 4 P.M. Take Madison st. cable line. First opened for the recep-
tion of foundlings January, 1870, by Dr. Shipman. It was originally intended
only as a haven of refuge for such little castaways as were abandoned in its
immediate neighborhood, and not as a city charity. But, through a mis-
understanding upon this score, the city papers spoke of it as such, and the
doctor found the superinteudency of a public charity forced upon him. He
had realized for a number" of years the great need of such an institution
before he opened his little home, but could find no one who thought it incum-
bent upon himself personally to undertake it, while all admitted the crying
need. Dr. Shipnvin from that moment until the present has never been free
from its responsibilities. In speaking of the time of its foundation he says
that the coroner reported to him, upon being questioned, that he held an in-
quest on at least one child every day " found dead from exposure." This
would make a yearly aggregate of 365, to say nothing of the great numbers
dead by the fearful crime of infanticide. The first home was a small, two-
story frame house at 54 South Green street, for which $35 per month wa to
be paid, with option ou a year from the following May. From one friend
and another, wiio learned of the doctor's intentions, he received $77. 38, and a
patient of his said he would give $100 more when it was opened. This was
the sum total of visible capital wherewith to support all the foundlings in
Chicago. It is interesting to read of this meager home and its still more
meager furnishings and compare them with the almost luxurious equipments
of the present home. Although the entire house was made habitable very
soon, its capacity was reached before the lapse of many weeks, and still the
basket at the door had every morning its tiny occupant. More room must
be gained or the basket taken in. This was not to be thought of, and search
was at once begun for a larger house, although the home had no money.
This resulted in the selection of two large brick houses on the southeast cor-
ner of Randolph and Sangamon streets. Two formidable dragons stood
between the little charity and these. The rent was $133 per month ($35 was
more than they could pay promptly). They were in a wretched condition,
and the landlord would do nothing. There was no way to surmount these
obstacles except to boldly face them. These b'uildings were selected on
March 21, and when the doctor returned home in the evening, wondering
what .should be done and praying, in the old way, for aid and guidance, he
found the following letter awaiting him:
" DR. SHIPMAN: My newspaper, just road, gives me an account of your foundlings,
and says you are relying on the Lord, who has just told me to send you the enclosed
I. Kreeger, secretary, and A. L.
Stone, treasurer. The headquarters are at No. 567 South Halsted St., where
the superintendent, M. Dulsky, has charge of every case of Buffering reported.
President, B. Wartelsky; vice-presidents, Wolf Goldstein and M. Kassel;
recording secretary, M. Kreeger; financialjsecretary, A. Bernstein; treasurer,
N. Davis; board of directors, A. I. Frank, R. Goldstein, A. L. Stone, Lewis
Lewinsohn, Marks Nathan, A. Lieberman, A. Wilkess, H. Stern, and S. D.
Stoll. Advisory Board, L. Steinberg, M. Perlstein, F. Kiss, I. Lewinsohn,
M. Schneider, P. Drosdivitz, M. Barnett, H. Barnett, C. B. Neuerman.
Lake Geneva Fresh Air Association. Organized June 1888 by wealthy
ladies and gentlemen of Chicago, summer residents of Lake Geneva. It is
said this grand charity, which has for its object the granting of recreation to
, poor children and working girls, during the heated terms of each year, had
its origin in the suggestion of a Chicago lady during a moonlight boat ride on
the lake. Edward E. Ayer, George Sturges, N. K. Fairbank and George C.
Walker were instrumental in starting the movement. A committee of twenty
young women was organized to secure subscriptions around the lake and in
the city. In one month the committee had $12,000 pledged. A number of
gentlemen pledged themselves to furnish an additional sum of money to start
the organization. The articles of incorporation read :
" The undersigned, E. D. Richardson, W. H. Hammersly, and John B. Sim-
mons, residents cf Lake Geneva, in V\ alworth County, State of Wisconsin, hereby
associate themselves together for the purpose of forming a corporation, under the
Revised Statutes of the State of Wisconsin, for the purpose of constructing and main-
ing at Lake Geneva a summer resort for poor children residing in or near the city of
ChicHgo The capital stock of this association shall be limited to twenty thousand
dollars (*20,OoO), divided into two hundred (~0 ) shares of one hundred dollars (*100)
each. It mnj r commence the transaction of business when eighty (80) shares of its
capital stock nave been subscribed for. No dividend or pecuniary profit shall ever be
made or declared by this corporation to its members."
The asnciatioo i nmeiiately purchased eight acres of ground ont he north
shore of Lake Geneva, near Forest Glen. The land lies in one of the most
picturesque spots around this beautiful lake. It is on a wooded hillside run-
ning down to the shore, and has 300 feet frontage on the lake. A two-story
frame house, with basement, was built on a level with the gentle slope that
runs down to the lake. The house stands several hundred feet back from the
shore and immediately in the rear of it rises the steep acclivity of the hill or
bluff. This house was christened the " Holiday Home," and many a heart
has leaped with gladness within its walls. A large veranda, after the
Southern style of a porch, runs around the suniiy side of the house. In the
basement are the servants' quarters kitchen, laundry and balh-rooms. On
the first floor is a large play-room for children with an old-fashioned fire-
place, a long hall, a dining-room, a matron's room and a committee-room.
In the upper story are four dormitories, each fitted up with iron bedsteads.
The walls are covered with pictures. Each child has a bag, into which it
puts its clothing at night and hangs near the b(d. A matron has a room on
this floor also. The home was opened July 3, 1888. There are special dona-
tions by individuals for support of beds, and decorations in the way of pic-
tures. About a dozen beds are thus provided. The home now has accom-
modations for eighty persons. About $4,000 has been spent on the house.
On June loih of each year the association sends out eighty young women
178 GUIDE TO CHICAGO.
to the home for an outing of two weeks. They are found in the ranks of the
shop girls, clerks, type-writers and stenographers. Their car fare is paid
both ways by the association and their boarding and lodging are free. Their
summer retreat lasts until July 1st. They return that day in the moruing,
and in the afternoon another party of eighty younger girls, ranging from six
to thirteen years of age, are sent out to the home. This lot is found among
the school children principally. A selection committee has charge of tie
matter. Applications for an outing are handed into this committee and an
agent makes an investigation. If the application is found to be a proper on
the applicant is registered as one who can go. The city is divided into dis-
tricts, each one having an agent who reports applications to the selection
committee, and then the general agent makes his investigation.
On the afternoon of July 15th a lot of eighty boys are taken out on the
train to the home. They are selected from the poorer families and the sickly
children. The succeeding fortnights alternate with a lot of boys and then a
lot of girls at the home up to September 1st. This allows the children 1o
return in time for the opening of the public schools. The first two weeks of
September are devoted to giving recreation to eighty mothers and eighty
babies. The mothers, babies, young women and girls and boys are given free
excursions on the lake by the gentlemen in the vicinity who own private
yachts. A pier has been built on the lake front of the association's property,
and the boys, under the charge of custodians, are allowed to swim and bathe
and indulge in aquatic sports. The girls are also allowed to educate themselves
in swimming. Concerts are given in the play -room of Ihe home. A fine
piano is there for the use of those musically inclined. Gospel hymns are
sung, but the boys can also raise their voices in exploiting the love affairs of
" Little Annie," who was the sweetheart of a certain Joe; or even warble
the melodies of " There're After Me ! After me!" Concerts by older people
are given at Harvard Camp, Kaye's Park, Forest Glen Park and Frascate
Park, the proceeds of which go into the treasury of the home. Fresh veg-
etables are furnished the home from the private gardens at the lake, and gen
tlemen in the vicinity also send over barrels of watermelons in season.
Officers. President, Mrs. George L. Dunlapjvice presidents, Mrs. Edward
E. Ayer, Gilbert B. Shaw; corresponding secretary, Miss M. D. Sturgcs;
recording secretary, Mrs. Herbert P. Crane; treasurer, Miss Katherine.
Porter; board of directors, Edward E. Ayer, R. T. Crane, Henry Strong, Mrs.
S. W. Allerton, Mrs. John T. Lester, Mrs. Lucretia J. Tilton; board of mana-
gers, Mrs. E. E. Ayer, Mrs. S. A. Brown, Mrs. William J. Chalmers, Mrs.
Charles Crane, Mrs. Herbert P. Crane, Mrs. R. T. Crane, Mrs. W. F.
Dummer. Mrs. N. K. Fairbank, Miss Hannah French, Mrs. E. B. Harbert,
Mrs. F. S. Johnson, Mrs. J. S. Norton, Mrs. George Parker, Mrs. H. H. Porter,
Mrs. O. W. Potter, Mrs. Conrad Seipp, Mrs. Gilbert B. Shaw, Mrs. Henry
Strong, Mrs. George Sturgis, Miss C. P. Tilton, Mrs. James Van Inwagen,
Mrs. George C. Walker, Mrs. O. D. Wetherell, Mrs. J. R. Wilson, Mrs. T. F.
Withrow. Standing Committee Chairmen Finance, Edward E. Ayer;
building and grounds, George C. Walker; household, Mrs. George C. Walker;
purchasing, Mrs. Orson Smith; amusement, Miss Katherine I sham; hospital,
Mrs. O. D. Wetherell; transportation, R. T. Crane; selection of children, Mrs.
T. F. Withrow; investigating, Mrs. W. J. Chalmers. Four-fifths of the
money received by the home has come from fairs, clubs and children's enter-
tainments.
THE ENCYCLOPEDIA. 179
German Old People's Home. Located at Harlem Altenheim P. O.
ten miles west of the City Hall. Take train at Grand Central depot, Fifth
avenue and Harrison street. This Home was established through the efforts
and generosity of the German residents of Chicago, and is the largest and
best conducted institution of its kind in the country. The Home buildings
are complete, the surroundings beautiful, and nothing is spared to make the
lives of the old people committed to its care as happy as possible. One of the
prime movers in this noble charity was Mr. A. C. Hesing. its president. The
treasurer is Mr. John Buehler; secretary, Arthur, Erbe; financial secretary,
C. Mechelke.
Good Samaritan Society. Industrial Home, 151 Lincoln avenue,. North
side ; take Lincoln avenue car. This institution is incorporated by special
charter. The object of this Society is to provide a place for destitute women
and girls, believed to be worthy, where they can earn an honest and respect-
able living. For this purpose a home is provided, where, when necessary,
they can be cared for temporarily, and as soon as a suitable place can be
found they are sent to it. No money is given them except to pay car fare
or for some immediate necessity. The essence of the whole work is, to give
a chance to those who wish to get on in the world. Supported by voluntary
contribution.
Guardian Angel Orphan Asylum. This is a German Roman Catholic
institution and is located at Rosehill (Havelock P. O.). Take train at Wells
street depot, Wells and Kinzie streets. The institution is conducted by the
Poor Handmaids of Jesus Christ ; Superior, Sister Mary Hyacinthe.
Hebrew Charity Association. This association is accomplishing a remark-
able and a noble work in Chicago. It is composed of the various Hebrew
charitable organizations. [For particulars as to its general transactions, see
" Michael Reese Hospital," under heading of " Hospitals and Dispensaries."]
The receipts of the last Hebrew charity ball given in Chicago under the
auspices of the Hebrew Charity Association were $12,000. The report of the
united Hebrew charities for 1889-1890 showed that during the year there
were 494 applicants for work, or forty more than the year before. Of these
443 were provided with work, or fifty-seven more than during the preceding
year. At the Michael Reese hospital 789 patients were treated, of whom 252
were Jewish Charity patients and 278 Gentile charity patients. Of those
treated 344 were Jewish, 330 Protestant, and 115 Roman Catholic.
Helping Hand, The. The Helping Hand is the name of a new institution,
benevolent in character, which was opemd to the public in 1891, at the north-
east corner of West Washington and Clinton streets. The three upper floors
of the four-story building on that corner have been leased for three years by
well-known citizens, who organized and incorporated this charity for the pur-
pose of making a practical test of their ideas concerning work of this kind.
They deal chiefly with able-bodied but unfortunate men. They do not pro-
pose to become all-embracing reformers. They have at the outset adopted St.
Paul's dictum that " if a man will not work neither shall he eat," and to this
they add: " Nor should he be furnished with a bed at public expense."
One of the most important rules of the new . establishment is thus
expressed: " A clean bed, a compulsory bath, a clean night shirt, and such
treatment of clothing as will destroy all vermin," all of which is deemed quite
as ueedful as food to the self-respect of a man. The three floors contain 26
180 GUIDE TO CHCAGO.
rooms, 18 of which are provided with enough single beds to accommodate 100
lodgers. Then there are dining-room and kitchen, reading-room, reception-
room and office, and room for shower baths, fumigation room for the treatment
of oldclothes, and a large apartment in which non-sectarian gospel services will
be conducted every evening. The house is well provided with closets, and
newly fitted with water pipes. In these respects it is far above the average
cheap lodging house. Not the least important of Its features is a cobbler's
bench, where badly worn shoes of unfortunates may be repaired, and a
tailor's outfit for the mending of frayed garments that have seen better days.
Charitable people are requested to send cast-off clothing there, <3o that a stock
may be kept on hand for emergencies.
The rates at the Helping Hand are 15 cents for a bed, or 35 cents for
supper, bed and breakfast. Cash will be accepted from those who have it;
able-bodied men without the price will be required to pay an equivalent in
work furnished by the institution. Cripples and men unable to work do not
come within the scope of this refuge; they will be referred to the institutions
which cover that field. In course of time it is expected that different kinds
of work can be furnished by the Helping Hand, but for the present the labor
will consist chiefly of street sweeping, scrubbing, delivering coal and kindling
wood. Officers: Thomas Kane, president; W. H. Rice, secretary; Judge
Qwynn Garnett, treasurer. The directors are Messrs. Garneii, Kane, Rice,
Judge C. C. Kohlsaat, Arthur J. Caton, Charles E. Simons, R, H. Trumbull,
E. H. Valentine, Qeorge B. Townsend and J. L. Whitlock. P. V. Welch,
superintendent.
Holy Family Polish and Bohemian Orphan Asylum. Located at Holt and
Division streets. This is a Catholic institution. Sister Mary Rosamunda,
Superior.
Home for Incurables. Located on Ellis ave. and Fifty-sixth st. Take
Cottage Grove ave. cable line. F. D. Mitchell, superintendent ; Miss Libbie
8. Ainsworth, matron ; Dr. William P. Goldsmith and Dr. John H. Wilson,
attending physicians. The buildings, together with the surrounding grounds,
are the gift of Mrs. Clarissa C. Peck. This kindly lady, when living, was ac-
tive in all good works, and, dying, bequeathed the better half of her estate for
the alleviation'of a class for whom no adequate provision was made. In the
main corridor of the great building is a magnificent brass memorial tablet,
set like some rare jewel in fine marble. It bears the following inscription :
*
CHICAGO HOME FOR INCURABLES.
This Tablet is Erected in Grateful
Remembrance of
CLARISSA C. PECK,
Died Dec. 22, 1884,
By whose Generosity This Institution
Was Founded and Endowed.
But a monument more lasting than brass is the great home itself with its
cheerful apartments given over to the comfort and consolation of the afflicted.
Mrs. Peck's bequest amounted to something over $500,000, and in the will she
named eight gentlemen whom she wished to act as trustees .' i founding the
THE ENCYCLOPEDIA. . 181
institution. These were Byron L. Smith, Edson Keith, Albert J. Averell, C.
M. Henderson, George L. Otis, Henry J. Willey, Albert Keep, and Charles
Gilman Smith. Albert Keep, formerly president of the North- Western rail-
road, is a near relative of the deceased. H. N. Higinbotham was made pres-
ident of the institution. This gentleman had been manager of a similar
institution at Lake View, and his omission from the list of trustees named by
the testatrix was owing to her not having acquaintance with him. These
trustees made purchase of a very suitable tract of land ; they have 480 feet
on Ellis ave. and 170 feet on Fifty-sixth st. For this they paid $22,000. No
architectural display has been attempted in the buildings. They are com-
modious and substantial, and so arranged that not a dark or cheerless room
can be found throughout. When completed the buildings cost $85,000. Mrs.
Peck died in 1884, but, owing to litigation, the home was not completed till
March, 1890. Through all these years interest had been accumulating, and
after deducting the $107,000 expended upon grounds and buildings there
still remained the equivalent of $600,000 in productive real estate and bonds.
The interest upon this is more than sufficient to meet all running expenses,
and lay by each year a goodly sum, so that, when necessary, additions can be
made to the buildings and its facilities enlarged and improved, The main
building is five stories high, and extending from it to north and south are
wings of four stories. The full capacity is 125. When the Home was opened
it took from the smaller institution at Lake View thirty-three incurables, all
it had, and that Home was closed. All races are to be received at this institu-
tion, which is entirely non-sectarian. When it is possible for the afflicted
inmate or his friends to pay a monthly stipend for his support it is accepted,
but there are many who come absolutely free. To be eligible, the applicant
must be afflicted with some pronounced disease, which is considered incura-
ble by the trustees, who are the final judges in the matter. The predominat-
ing diseases are paralysis and rheumatism, the first being the more frequent.
Those who are so afflicted as not to be able to walk are provided with invalid
chairs, which they can propel at pleasure about their rooms or through the
long corridors out upon the wide verandas. There are comfortable seats and
inviting hammocks and a perspective of lawn and bright flowers which
means much to feeble eyes and limbs. There is a parlor upon every floor,
where the chairs are wheeled at the will of each occupant. There is a com-
modious reading-room, and the men have a smoking-room where they may
indulge to their hearts' content in the use of their favorite brands. During
the usual visiting hours strangers are always welcome.
Home for Self -Supporting Women. Located at 275 and 277 Indiana street.
Take Indiana street car. An institution which affords a home for girls and
women, whether employed or unemployed, if they are willing to support
themselves when occasion offers. A great many women who work outside
make this their home. Officers, president, Mrs. James S. Gibbs; treasurer,
Mrs. Henry P. Crowell; recording secretary, Miss Mary A. Prescott; corre-
sponding secretary, Mrs. W. W. Angue; matron, Mrs. V. P. Smith.
182 GUIDE TO CHICAGO.
Home for Unemployed Girls. Located at Market and Elm sts., North
Side. Take North Market st. car. This institution is conducted by the Fran-
ciscan sisters. Girls temporarily out of employment are cared for here.
The charity is a noble one and receives the generous support of Roman Cath-
olics.
Home for Working Women. Located at 21 S. Peoria street, West Side.
Take Madison street cable line. Conducted by the AVorkiug Women's Home
Association. The home is one of the youngest of Chicago's many charita-
ble works, and the success it has attained has demonstrated that it has filled a
place long needed. The home was first opened on the seventeenth of May,
1890, and the building now occupied was then newly painted, papered and
furnished throughout. Applications for admission were numerous, many of
them being from strangers in the city, and the home is now taxed to its
utmost capacity. The aim of those in charge is to furnish a place where no
respectable woman, regardless of her nationality or religion, will be refused
needed assistance, and to enable those who earn but little to live comfortably
and respectably. During the year 1891 fully 600 girls received the
benefits of the home. The food is said to be wholesome, well cooked, and
there is plenty of it. Every inmate has her own bed, and every room has a
closet. The house is heated with steam, and there is hot and cold water on
every floor. The directors are anxious that the Home shall be the headquar-
ters for all working women, whether they live there or not. Free stationery,
reading, sewing and bathing-rooms are at the disposal of all, and a type-
writer and piano add to the attractions of the place. The managers are very
emphatic that their home is not an institution, but a genuine home in every
sense of the word. Officers A. E. Johnson, president; Dr. H. W. Thomas,
first vice-president; A. Chaiser, second vice-president; Rev. C. Treider, sec-
retary; George P. Bay, treasurer; Dr. Odelia Blinn, medical superintendent;
C. R. Matson, counsel. Directors All officers, and Mrs. Dr. Gunsaulus,
Miss C. Addie Brown, Rev. A. Hallmer, Alice J. Johnson and Henry L.
Hertz.
Home for the Frie ndless. Located at 1926 Wabash avenue. Take
Wabash avenue cable line. Established in 1858. Officers A. C. Bartlett,
president ; F. D. Gray, vice-president ; Mrs. Thomas A. Hill, corresponding
secretary ; Mrs. C. Gilbert Wheeler, recording secretary ; W. C. Nichols,
treasurer; Miss A. Z. Rexford, superintendent, and Miss E. T. Colburn,
assistant superintendent. Average number of inmates about 200. During
1890 there were 1,435 admissions, 1,144 dismissals and 9 deatbs. At the
beginning of 1890 there was in the treasury a cash balance of $6,616.90. Of
those admitted during 1890, 763 were Protestants, 642 Catholics, and 40
Jews. The largest number received in one month was 182, in October, and
the smallest 72, in February. Thirty-two children were surrendered to the
home and fifty-eight found homes of adoption. This is one of the most inter-
esting charitable institutions in the city. From small beginnings it has grown
and prospered until the income of the Home is now about $21,000 per annum,
which includes the Crerar bequest. Ten years ago the whole work of the
home was conducted in what is now known as the main building, or the north
and south wings. Since that time there has been erected, atacostof $35,000,
ft part of the generous bequest of Mr. Hobart Taylor, the addition called by
THE ENCYCLOPEDIA. 183
his name, which has nearly doubled the capacity of the home. It contains
the " Shelter " and bath-room for transient inmates, two laundries, the linen-
room, girls' department, including dormitory, bath and store rooms, the
infirmary, dispensary and nursery. The records also show that during tne
last ten years a procession of 20,167 women and children have passed through
these open doors, and here halted for assistance, material and moral, which
was offered without distinction of color, race, religion, or language, so long
as the applicant seamed to be overborne in the fierce struggle for life. Among
the throng hundreds of deserted wives and mothers are included, who fre-
quently bring with them their little broods to be cared for in this tranquil
nest. The hospitality, including rest, good food, encouragement, sympathy
and advice, is freely tendered to all belonging to the class of worthy poor, as
specifically laid down in the charter. During the last ten years about
3.400 children, including day scholars, have been enrolled as pupils in the
Home School, in which are taught the branches of the primary department and
the graded grammar school. In the industrial class, since 1879. about 350
girls, between the ages of 12 and 16, have been taught sewing, housework
and elementary cooking, thereby being prepared to earn a respectable living
when they go out into the world. Perhaps the most important feature in the
general work of the home is the arrangement by which children are adopted
who have been neglected or abandoned by their parents. During ten years
734 children have been legally ' ' surrendered " to the home, which has found
permanent places for nearly all that number with reputable families.
It is stated in the act of incorporation, " The object and purposes of the
Chicago Home for the Friendless shall be the relieving, aiding and providing
homes for friendless and indigent women and children." The middle-aged
women at the home are usually transients. A woman is out of work, or a
stranger, and has no money to get a lodging. She makes her way to the
Home, where all are received except the unfortunate victim of drink, for
whom there is no immediate place but the police station. After admission
the new guest is provided with a hot bath, and, if she desires, some clean
clothes. She is then givtn a good meal, and, as it is usually at night that
such applications are made, she is taken to a comfortable bed. In the
morning, after breakfast, she is expected to help during the forenoon with
the work of the house, and then she can have the rest of the day to look for
employment outside. Sometimes such women stay for a week or two weeks
before they find work, and they are made to feel at home during that time.
In what is called the "Industrial School," young girls or women who
seriously desire to learn are taken, and, while kept as inmates of the home
for such time as. would be required, are taught sewing and housekeeping.
The children in the home are mostly those who have been abandoned by their
parents and picked up by the officers of the Humane Society. They come,
of course, in different ways, but criminal neglect by their parents is the
usual cause of their suffering. Children under nine months are not received
at this institution. But those above that age, up to six or seven years, can
be found running around their nurseries and play-rooms with as much vigor
and heartiness as if the world belonged to them. When a child first appears
at the home, it is the invariable rule that it shall be sent to quarantine
quarters, at the top of the building, for fourteen days. There is scarcely
ever any sickness in this quarantine, but considering the places from which
most of the children are brought, it is considered prudent to isolate them.
184 (J( IDE TO CHICAGO.
After the two weeks' purification process, the managers of the institution try
to find a permanent home for the waifs, and, if they are not claimed by
parents or guardians before six montha, an officer of the home goes before a
judge and is appointed the legal guardian. The parents or guardians also
may voluntarily surrender all right to a child, after which it becomes the
ward of the home, and at the earliest opportunity is placed out with
respectable people, on trial for three months. If such trial proves agreeable,
both for child and caretakers, the little one is usually adopted and becomes
" part of the family." Visitors are always welcome between the hours of 10
A. M. and noon, and 1 and 4 p. M.
Home for the Jews. Organized in 1891. Large endowments have been
received by this projected institution. It is not yet fully established. The
directory is composed of: Mrs. M. A. Meyer, Mrs. Charles H. Schwab, Mrs.
H. Klopfer, Mrs. Dora Frank, Mrs. Louis Newberger, Mrs. B. J. David, Mrs.
Emma Stern, Mrs. Max Hart, Mrs. Julia Bernheimer, Morris Rosenbaum,
Abram Slimmer, Nelson Morris, II. A. Kohn, H. L. Frank, B. Kuppen-
heimer, J. Rosenbaum, Simon Mandel, B. Lowenthal, B. Calm, Harry Hart,
Moses Born, H. E. Greenbaum, A. Kuh, E. Frankenthal, D. A. Kohn.
Home of Industry. Located at 234 and 236 Honore street, West Bide.
Take Van Buren street car. William S. Potwin, president; Albert M. Day,
treasurer; Charles M. Howe, secretary; B. M. Butler, Albert M. Day, Thomas
Kane. William S. Potwin, Charles M. Howe, Mrs. T. B. Carse, Joseph B.
Locke and H. J. Coon, directors; A. C. Dodds, superintendent. The Home
of Industry was organized by Michael Dunn, a reformed criminal, who had
spent over'thirty years of his life in penal institutions all over the world.
Dunn's history as a criminal is somewhat interesting. He is a native of Eng-
land and was born and reared a criminal. When only seven years old Dunn
was first consigned to prison for a petty theft of which he was convicted.
Imprisonment seemed to do him no good, and up to the time he was thirty
years old be had been confined in prison half a dozen times and had been
sent to various English penal settlements, but always returned to his old
tricks. Finally, the English government paid his passage to America to
get rid of him, and he began in this country the same career that had caused
him so much trouble in the land from which he had been driven. He was
frequently in pr'son in various parts of the United States, and finally, about
ten years ago, after spending almost his entire life in penal servitude in both
hemispheres, he became reformed and started out to aid and better the rest
of the class which he had left. Dunn is now about sixty years old. He has
the look of a criminal, and most people would hardly believe that he could
e anything else, but those who know him best and have been brought into
contact with him through the founding of these places of refuge do not
doubt his complete reformation. When at last Dunn did see "the error of
his way, "he conceived the idea of providing homes for discharged crimi-
nals, where they might retire till an opportunity was afforded to earn an hon-
est living. The first refuge he instituted was in New York. He then went
to San Francisco and started another. He then founded the one here in Chi-
cago and afterward another in Detroit. There are at present in the Chicago
Home of Industry about a dozen convicts. The average term of their retire-
ment there is about two weeks. In connection with the institution is a
broom factory, where every one who is taken in has to earn his living or do
[Engraved for The Standard Guide Company.]
"THE TEMPLE" LA SALLE AND MONROE STREET^
[See " Guide."]
THE ENCYCLOPEDIA. 185
as much towards it as he can. The Institution is not self-supporting and has
to depend quite largely on public charity. Most of the inmates of the place
come from Joliet and Michigan City, the nearest prisons to thin city, but the
place has been a refuge for prisoners from most every penal institution in the
country. Superintendent Dodds usually receives from most oZ the prisons
a monthly discharge list. To prisoners Wr> are aoout to ue set at liberty he
sends circulars telling of therefugo and u.e advantages to bo found in it.
No convicts are received except on recommendation ^f tin rT ardon or chap-
lain of the prison in which they were last confined, unless '; 7 con convince
the superintendent of a desire to reform and lead a better 1'ue. Everyone
who stays there must do something toward his own support, ruid all who
enter must work or go elsewhere. The aid and influence of the superintend-
ent are extended to all of them who seek honest employment, and any
inmate desiring to seek work outside is allowed half a day each. week, or
more, at the discretion of the management. The ex-convicts arc not encour-
aged to stay, but, on the contrary, are given all possible assistance in finding
work outside.
The institution enforces a set of rules for the conduct of the inmates of
the home. They are required to be particular as to personal cleanliness.
Total abstinence from intoxicants has to be observed. Smoking is permitted
only in certain places, and profane language is not tolerated. A rising and
a breakfast bell are rung, and inmates are required to be in bed at 10 o'clock.
Every inmate is charged with the care of his own room, and all are required
to attend morning and evening prayers unless excused by the superintendent.
Any violation of the rules subjects the offender to immediate dismissal.
Only men are received in the home. They are taught wayo of frugality,
industry and economy, and most of them are susceptible to those teachings. A
record is kept of the life of every man who enters the place, but that record
is an inviolable secret to all but the superintendent. After the name of each
candidate are made entries about his marital condition, his parentage, his
birthplace, his religion, the prison in which he was last confined, the length
of his sentence, his education and occupation, the crime for which he was
convicted and its cause. A page of Superintendent Dodds' book of record
is a most eloquent temperance lecture. Drink has led most of his boarders
into trouble, though their detention in prison can be traced back to all kinds
of vice. Many of the younger ones assign bad company as the cause of their
downfall; others have gambled themselves into theft; still others have been
educated as criminals, and a few state that it is their natural inclination to
steal. The column of Mr. Dodds' book which keeps the record of all dis-
missals from the Home is interesting. In it are to be found such entries as
" found good employment as a harness-maker;" "a hypocritical thief,
bounced without inercy ; " "found good position, clear case of conversion; "
' ' went out to look for work, lost on the way back ; " " went home to friends;"
"put out for lying; " " left to go wandering," and many others of the same
kind. Every man is paid for his work in the place from the time he enters,
according to the degree of proficiency he has acquired. Many of them turn
out well and return to their homes to lead honest lives. Mr. Dodds is con-
stantly receiving letters from such men, thanking him for the benefits of the
institution.
Home of Providence. Located at Calumet ave. and Twenty-sixth St.,
adjoining Mercy Hospital. Take Cottage Grove cable line. An institution
for the care and protection of young women. Conducted by the Sisters of
Mercy. Sister Mary M. Angela, superior.
186 GUIDE TO CHICAGO.
Home of the Aged. Located at West Harrison and Throop streets. Take
West Harrison street car. Conducted by the Little Sisters of the Poor, who
depend for the maintenance of the institution entirely upon the alms which
they solicit. The building is a veiy large, plain, brick structure arid is gen-
erally crowded with inmates, whose ages vary between 60 and 100 years.
It is a worthy charity and the Little Sisters, who have a method of seeking
alms peculiar to themselves are generally popular among the business people,
of the city, who give them liberal Contributions. They never beg, simply
stating who and what they are and If an unfavorable response is given
they walk silently away, withrut . laldng further appeal. The Little Sisters
are a French order. They 1 \ave 'A7O institutions in the city.
House of The Good Shepherd. -^Located at North Market and Hill sts.
Take Market st. car. Conducted by the Sisters of the Good Shepherd
Superior, Mother Plary \ngeliquc. This institution is a haven and a
reformatory for fallen women desiring to rise out of their condition, and is
one of the most extensive M well ac one of the most useful charities in the
city.
Hull House. Hull House is the title by which is known a social settle-
ment of women established at 335 So. Halsted street Its purpose is to fur-
ish an intellectual and social center for the surrounding neighborhood. There
is no organization, and the residents pay their own expenses. Miss Culver,
the owner of the property, gives the rent, and various friends furnish a small
fund for contingent expenses. Mr. Edward Butler has erected a tire-proof
art building in which are an art exhibit room, a studio and a station of the
free public library. Hull House carries on a free kindergarten composed
largely of Italian children. In a separate cottage is a day nursery where
mothers, who are obliged to work away from home, may bring their children
to be cared for and fed during the day for a charge of five cents each. A
well equipped diet kitchen furnishes specially prepared food for the sick,
which is sold at the cost of the material, or, if necessary, given away upon
recommendation of the visiting district nurse. A free gymnasium is now
opfn which is used three evenings in the week by men and boys, and three
evenings by women and girls. There are various free afternoon sewing
classes for girls, and clubs for small boys, and evening social and literary
clubs for girls and young men. Weekly free concerts or lectures are held to
which all who vibit the House are invited. Five evenings in the week College
Extension courses are given for which a fee of fifty cents per course of
twelve weeks is charged. The average number of students in these classes is
about "175, while the total average number of persons who visit the House
weekly to attend the various classes and clubs is about 800.
Margaret Etter C;\' :hc 7%nflergc;'ten. Located at 2356 Wabash avenue.
Take Wabash avenue cabb line. Established August 3, 1885. One of the
noblest charities in "lie city. cares for the ch'ldren of mothers who are
compelled to work owl Jos ~ "r ing. T'xc -ttendance for the five years of the
creche's existence show.?- a : ir,r. ;lous ffth-. August, 1885, to October, 1886,
2,136; October 1, 1386, to G'cto: :r 1, 188r. i),C6L ; October 1, 1887, to October
1, 1888, 3,562; October 1, 13d8. to OC;A>*O:: 1, 1 89, 4,253; October 1, 1889, to
October 1, 1890, '^,592. But t^e ex ens^" d. not show a commensurate
increase, being as follows: First ye*-, 3?.,?l.\48; second year, $1.383.84;
third year, $1,375.7 ), fourth year, $1, 9 .5r iiff year, $2,007.16. Besides
the day nursery a kindergarten 's carri 1 c -, ?iit it in no way counts on the
treasury of the creche. The assistance of charitably-inclined people is
necessary to the maintenance of the ;recho.
THE ENCYCLOPEDIA. 18t
Masonic Orphans' Home. Located at 447 Carroll ave. and Sheldon st.
Cares for about thirty children, but has accommodation for about seventy -five,
and is supported by voluntary contributions from city and State.
Newsboys' and Bootblacks' Home. Located at 1418 Wabash ave. W. H.
Rand, president; E. P. Bailey, auditor; H. N. Higinbotham, treasurer;
James Frake, secretary ; Eliza W. Bowman, matron. Board of directors : A.
C. Bartlett, H. N. Higinbotham, Wm. H. Rand, James Frake, FrankP. Lef-
fingwell, A. P. Millar, Edward P. Bailey, J. K. Stearns, Melville E. Stone,
Wm. K. Ackerman. Lady managers : Mrs. T. W. Baxter, Mrs. M. E. Stone,
Mrs. M. E. Clark, Mrs. Jas. Frake, Mrs. J. L. Lombard, Mrs. A. P. Millar,
Miss Abbey Pierce, Mrs. Robt. A. Williams, Mrs. J. C. Stirling. Take
Wabash avenue cable line. This institution has been in existence over
twenty-three years. It had its inception in the Chicago Industrial School
from which a charter was obtained in 1867, theincorporators being Jonathan
Burr, John V. Farwell, William Blair, William E. Doggett, J. Y. Scammon, C.
G. Wicker, Eli Bates, Philo Carpenter, J.S. Reynolds and E.F. Dickinson. This
industrial school was very soon merged into the home and was the first
movement to assist helpless street children in Chicago. The object of the
institution is "to provide a good Christian hcme for newsboys and boot-
blacks and other unprotected homeless boys. Also to aid them in finding
homes and employment in either city or country." While the doors of the
home have always been open and a requestfor shelter and food has been all
thnt was necessary to obtain admittance, in order to foster independence and
self-help the small sum of 15c. is charged for supper, breakfast and lodging.
If, however, a boy is not able to pay " banner," as all charges for entertain-
ment are called by street boys, he is still entertained. Provision is made for
destitute boys by giving them work and small amount of money for starts by
which they are able to earn what is required for their immediate living
expenses. The Newsboys' Appeal, a small paper published in the interests of
the Home, giving inside news, etc.
Although the Home is not entirely self-supporting, there is no soliciting
done in its interests. Previous to the fire, a lot on Quincy street was given to
the Home upon which a small building was erected. After the fire, through
the assistance of the Relief and Aid Society, a brick building was built,
which, together with the lot, was later sold to Marshall Field & Co. for
commercial purposes for $50,000. The directors bought the present location
out of the amount and the balance Is used for current expenses.
The rules of the institution are simple, and are onlysuch as are necessary
to the well-being of the boys and a wise, kindly, personal interest is taken in
every boy who is sheltered there although they are constantly coming and
going, and an average of something more than a thousand are entertained
each year. A careful record of every boy who is taken into the institution Is
kept, together with as much of his history as can be obtained, and these records
are replete with the pathetic results of human selfishness. No insignificant
number of these boys have parents living who are comfortably off, but, hav-
ing been divorced, each has married again, and with one accord refused to
care for their child, who, of ton at a tender age, was obliged to shift for him-
self, and so drifted into this haven for destitute, forsaken boys. There are
others who have never knowjn their parents, and still others whose parents
are drunken, shiftless, ' ' ne'er-do-wells," and a few who have run away from
188 GUIDE TO CHICAGO.
home for one cause or another. These last are induced, if possible, to return
to their homes, and their parents are communicated with, but no boy is
refused shelter and food, whatever the cause for which he stands in need
of it.
There is a night school four evenings in a week from 7:30 to 9 o'clock
which the boys are required to attend, and, where it is deemed advisable,
other instruction is provided. The institution is intended for a temporary
home, the chief aim being to provide permanent employment for the boys
who come there from all parts of the world. The management of the Home
co-operates with the Humane Society and other kindred organizations, and in
this way keeps pretty thoroughly informed in regard to homeless boys.
Miss Eliza W. Bowman, who has been the matron of the Home for the
past seven years, is a person admirably fitted for the difficult position which
she fills with apparent ease and with satisfaction to all concerned. She is in
hearty sympathy with the boys, and believes unswervingly that a good and
useful life is possible to most of them. It was through an experiment tried by
Miss Bowman that a somewhat new departure is being carried out at the
Home. She found that the larger boys are often in a more unfortunate con-
dition than the smaller ones, and that often their greatest need is means to
get on while they are making a start. She therefore resolved to undertake
herself to make several of these boys presentable, assist them in getting places
to work and furnish them funds, as a loan, until such time as they should be
paid for their work. The boys proved honest and industrious, with scarcely
an exception, and the plan was a success. Miss Bowman reported the result
of her experiment to the managing board, which approved this method of
assisting the boys and made it a part of the work of the Home. In this con-
nection Miss Bowman makes an interesting statement which is full of hope
for the philanthropist. She says that when once a boy has become self-
supporting and has tasted the pleasure of honest independence he is rarely
ever willing again to take to the street life which, as a rule, he is obliged to
adopt in his early struggle for existence.
The Home, which is located at 1418 '''abash avenue, is one of the
few places where a boy can go to make himself tidy and get a clean shirt,
If need be, in the city. The dean shirt is always on call, and partly worn
garments of this kind are accepted with enthusiasm at the Home. Indeed,
Miss Bowman prefers the shirt which has been worn, as one that is quite new
the boys are likely to sell for what they can get for it, as when they first
come to the Home they are quite likely to consider it an extravagance to wear
anything which can be exchanged for money.
Odd Fellows' Orphans' Home. Located at Lincoln, 111., 156 miles south of
Chicago. Take Chicago & Alton or Illinois Central train This is an insti-
tution forthe orphan children, male and female, of Odd Fellows. Buildings
erected on a site presented by citizens of Lincoln. Corner-stone laid April
26, 1891.
Old People's Home. Indiana ave. and Thirty-ninth st. Take Indiana
ave. car on Wabash ave. cable line. Founded about thirty years ago by a
humble seamstress, who resided on Third ave. She had accumulated a little
money and bought her a home. She found hen-elf growing old, and belong-
ing to that respectable legion designated " the old maids," without immediate
family, conceived the laudable idea of establishing some institution or home
THE ENCYCLOPEDIA. 189
that would assist in alleviating the sorrows and sufferings she saw about her.
This ambition she laid before her pastor, the Rev. Dr. Boyd, and acting under
his advice a home was established for the care of indigent old ladies. They
first occupied a small frame house near the home of this kind-hearted woman.
She was made matron and Dr. Boyd first president. It was not long until
the public was interested in Samantha Smith and her humble charity. Find-
ing after the first few years the cramped quarters of so small a house inade-
quate, Miss Smith gave up her own more commodious dwelling, together with
its entire furnishings, for the uses of the institution, and its charges were
transferred thereto without delay. Miss Smith continued for some years
longer as matron and then, for reasons not explained, retired from the duties.
From Third ave. the Old Ladies' Home removed to Indiana ave., near Twenty-
sixth St., where it occupied an old frame building for several years. After
the great fire it received from the Relief and Aid Society the sum of $50,000,
which was used as the nucleus of a building fund, and the latter part of 1873
found them established in their present commodious home. Later on the
vacant lots between them and the corner of Thirty-ninth st. were purchased,
thus adding 158x100 feet to their property. This donation from the Relief
and Aid Society was given under the conditions that the name should be
changed to read ' ' The Old People's Home," and indigent old gentlemen were to
be admitted as well as ladies, the Relief and Aid Society to have control of
twenty rooms for the benefit of its own pi* eges. Old gentlemen have never
as yet been admitted, although it was intended, some time ago, to build at
the north end of the home building a wing or addition especially for them.
The management does not consider this idea feasible, however, and the old
gentlemen's home will be located farther out, where they may have vegetable
and flower gardens and trees and plants to cultivate. This institution, in
common with many others of our city charities, is an heir of the late John
Crerar and receives by his munificence an addition of $50,000 to their funds.
There are at present sixty-eight inmates, so that the capacity is very nearly
reached. The rooms pertaining to the Relief and Aid Society are always occu-
pied, admittance to them being absolutely free. Of all other inmates an ad-
mission fee of $300 is charged, the applicant being required to furnish her
own room. They first enter upon six months' probation, and if the board of
managers for any reason should not deem it expedient to make them perma-
nent inmates the -honorarium or admission fee paid will be returned, less $3
per week for each week she has been an inmate. Each applicant is visited
at her abiding place by a special committee, and all particulars of her needs
and deserts investigated before her application is brought before the board of
managers. Applicants admitted must be absolutely eligible in every particu-
lar. She must be at least 45 years of age and of good character, and must be
able to show that she has no adequate means of support ; she must have been
a resident of Chicago for the two previous years, and if she has children who
are able to support her she can not be admitted. While the rules governing
the domestic life of the home are of necessity enforced upon all alike, they are
so kindly intentioned th at obedience sits but lightly upon the reasoning member
who appreciates the perfect harmony the regulations insure. Yet the man-
agement of sixty-eight old people, whose habits and natures are their own and
unchangeable, is quite different from governing an institution given over to
children, whose plastic minds conform easily to environment. It is quite
singular that the youngest matron in the city should be found in charge of
the oldest people.
190 GUIDE TO CHICAGO.
Pioneer Aid and Support Association. This society was organized to
support the families of those executed for participation In the Haymarket
massacre and those who are now at Joliet.
School for Deaf and Dumb. Located at 409 May street, West Side. Con-
ducted by the religious of the Holy Heart of Mary and supported by the Eph-
pheta Society; Mrs. John Cudahy, president. Following are the directresses:
Mesdames John Cudahy, R. P. Travers, N. S. Jones, W. F. McLaughlin,
Starr, J. B. Sullivan, James Eagle, Thomas Duffy, J. J. Egan, M. Cudahy,
McLaughlin, J.A. Mulligan, J. H. Drury, J. B. Inderrieden, Z. P. Brosseau,
W. A. Amberg, M. Shields, E. A. Matthiessen, James Walsh, A. W. Green,
M. Sullivan, F. Henrotin, Morris Sellers, W. J. Quan, Thos. Lonergan, W. P.
Rend. The average number of deaf mutes in the school is about fifty, and
four experienced teachers are employed. Mrs. John Cudahy has devoted a
great deal of her time to this noble charity, as have also the other ladies
named.
Servite Sisters' Industrial Home for Girls. Located at 1396 W. Van
Buren street. Take Van Buren street car or Madison street cable line. An insti-
tution for the care, protection and training of girls who have no homes or
homes unfit for them. Conducted by the Servile Sisters of Mary. Superior,
Mother Mary Francis.
Soldiers' Home Fund. This fund amounts to about $70,000 and is the bal-
ance left from the result of the great Sanitary Fair held in Chicago during
the early part of the war. With the money then raised was established a
soldiers' rest or home, where troops going to the front from the Northwest
might be fed, and, if necessary, housed. It was a hospital, too, for the
wounded and sick who came back from the campaigns they had made. The
first home was in an old hotel at No. 75 Randolph street. The association
was incorporated and bought property at Thirty-fifth street and the lake,
where the Roman Catholic Orphan Asylum now stands. Here a house was
built. Ladies canvassed the city for $1 subscriptions and raised a large sum
in this way. Mrs. Bristol, who is still one of the leading spirits of the associa-
tion, canvassed the whole of the North Side, then a series of scattering vil-
lages. The Thirty -fifth street property was sold, a block bought in South
Evanston, and a house built with part of the proceeds of the sale. Some of
the money was loaned on property on the North Side, and the rest on a block
on State street, near Archer avenue. The mortgages on both pieces of prop-
erty had to be foreclosed, and the association still owns the State street prop-
erty. That on the North Side was sold, and the money is now loaned out at
interest. When the Government had established soldiers' homes there was
no longer a necessity for maintaining the one here. The property was
therefore sold and the proceeds converted into a relief fund.
This fund has remained intact. It has not increased, because its entire
revenue has been expended in relieving those who were worthy of relief.
Not one dollar of the fund has ever been devoted to any other purpose, except
that annually $100 is paid for the use of a room in which to disburse the
money and for the services of a clerk. The officers of the association have not
made a charge of even so much as five cents for street-carfare, although they
regularly and systematically visit their pensioners and devote much time and
labor to their work. Each month they pay out about $800, the number of
recipients of their bounty varying from sixty to seventy-five.
THE ENCYCLOPEDIA. 191
The first president of the board of managers was T. B. Bryan. He still
occupies this office. Mrs. L. H. Bristol, who disburses the fund, also enlisted
in 1861, and has not yet been mustered out. Mrs. William H. Myrick and
Mrs. Dr. Blain, of Hyde Park, are the only other members of the first board
who still hold their positions. The treasurer of the fund is Mrs. J. S. Lewis.
Other members of the board of managers are Mrs. Brayman, Mrs. Dr. Ham-
mell, Miss Blakey, Mrs. Myra Bradwell, Justice Brad well, General Bever-
idge. and Mr. Henry Bacon, the secretary. The first Saturday of every
month Mrs. Bristol, the disbursing officer of the board, goes to the roomscif
the Chicago Relief and Aid Society to hold her reception . She finds waiting
for her a room full of the expectant callers. As they come in they are given
numbered tickets fixing the order in which they shall go to the table behind
a screen and receive from Mrs. Bristol the $2, $5, or $10, or whatever sum
the case calls for. Very few receive as much as $10.
St. Joseph's Asylum for Boys. Located on Crawford avenue, between W.
Diversy street and Belmont avenue. Take Milwaukee avenue car.
St. Joseph's Home. Located at 409 S. May street, West Side. Take Blue
Island avenue or Twelfth street car. The principal object of this institution
is to afford a protecting home for respectable young girls out of employment,
until such time as suitable positions are secured for them, either as domes-
tics, sales ladies, cashiers, book-keepers, librarians, etc. The terms for board
are regulated according to the accommodations required, ranging in price
from $2 to $5 per week. There are a number of private rooms in the build-
ing, affording nice accommodationsto thoseyoung ladies who are employed in
various occupations down town and who appreciate the quiet rest their retreat
here affords them after the labors and bustle of the day. The building affords
accommodations for over 200 persons and is most conveniently and comfortably
arranged. Ladies who remain here find accommodations superior to those
afforded in hotels at a very high figure, not- at all taking into consideration
the home-like quietness they enjoy, and the many spiritual advantages
besides. The institution is self-supporting.
St. Joseph's Female Orphan Asylum. His Grace, the Most Reverend
Archbishop, gives this institution his especial attention. It is conducted by
the Sisters of the Congregation of St. Joseph, whose mother home is in
South St. bouis, Mo.
Since 1871, it is located on Thirty-fifth street and Lake avenue, and was
founded in 1864. From the inception, the management has not ceased to
carry out its true object; that of training and educating destitute, homeless
children. The average number of inmates is 220. The asylum has no endow-
ments and nothing in the treasury; and it is only by the most pinching econ-
omy that the Sisters are enabled to make both ends meet. To the generosity
of Archbishop Feehan and a few benefactors who give constant assistance,
the institution derives its main support. The children, as is usually under-
stood, have been deprived of one or both parents, and are dependent on the
charitable for their instruction and happiness. In order to prepare the chil-
dren for a life of usefulness, the Sisters endeavor to train them in household
economy, which will enable them to be successful and happy in whatever
station of life they may have to fill. The duty in asslstingin different parts of
the house is assigned to each child according to her age. These duties are
192 GUIDE TO CHICAGO.
changed occasionally, giving eveiy child by this means a knowledge of the
necessity of order, cleanliness, economy and care in different kinds of house-
work. Their work consists of washing dishes sweeping and dusting in dor-
mitories, refectory, kitchen, halls, staircases and laundry. They also have
every afternoon several sewing classes. The larger girls learn to make their
dresses and other industries, the second size make the underwear for their use
and mend their clothes. Being taught to sew, they are furnished a means for
the future by which they can save their earnings by doing their own sewing.
Another source of improvement and recreation is the library, which contains
a number of volumes and is open to their use on Sunday. When a child is
received, she is immediately taken to the bath-room, where she is thoroughly
bathed and supplied with clean garments. A number is given her, whichshe
will find on every article for her use, that she may thus distinguish her comb,
towel, handkerchiefs, hose, books, etc., from those used by her companions.
Those who bring their own clothing to the institution are allowed to wear it.
The children are frequently adopted by good families or are sent out into
others to work, while it is understood that they are to be reared in a respect-
able manner. A glance into the daily routine will probably give a better
idea of the management of the institution. At 5:30 o'clock A. M. a sister
awakens the children, who are to assist at Mass celebrated in the asylum,
which commences about 6;20 o'clock. Shortly after Mass they repair to the
refectory for breakfast. After breakfast all go to the different duties which
have been assigned them, in the dormitories, school rooms, play room, etc.
Tne younger children go directly to the wash room, where they are combed,
washed and have their clean aprons put on for school. The whole house is
swept and dusted every day, the children performing this task under the
supervision of the Sisters, who lend their assistance and teach them to per-
form their work neatly and thoroughly. Great promptitude and diligence
are necessary, that all may be finished at the first school bell, which rings at
8:30 o'clock. At the first bell, the children who have been assisting in the
different departments are sent to the wash-room to make their toilets and
change aprons for school. At 9 o'clock the second bell rings for the line to
form, and all are expected to repair to their various classes, when lessons are
began.
Following is the order of school exercises: Sixth grade Christian Doc-
trine, Speller, Dictionary, Grammar, Geography, Fifth Reader, Practical
and Mental Arithmetic. Fifth grade Christian Doctrine, Speller, Diction-
ary, Grammar, Geography, United States History, Bible History, Fourth
Reader, Practical and Mental Arithmetic. Fourth gtade Catechism, Speller,
Third Reader, Practical and Mental Arithmetic. Third grade Catechism,
Spelling, Second Reader, and Mental Arithmetic, Penmanship, Drawing from
objects and Singing included.
At 4 o'clock classes are dismissed, and the children play again until sup-
per time, and at 7:30 o'clock they go to bed. A Sister accompanies them and
remains with them. The children are never left alone, day or night, the Sis-
ters sleeping in their dormitories. Sister Mary Matilda is Superioress.
St. Joseph's Providence Orphan Asylum. Situated near Pennock station,
on the Chicago, Milwaukee & St. Paul railway. Take train at Union depot,
Canal and Adams streets, West Side. The building stands on a slight emi-
nence in the midst of a farm of forty acres. The interior arrangements of
the asylum are on a par with the advantages of space and pure air. The
THE ENCYCLOPEDIA. 193
largeclass-roorais well lighted and ventilated and each boy has a neat desk. A
part of the curriculum Is devoted to calisthenic exercises and each day the bright
looking youngsters swing the dumb bells and bar bells to enlivening tunes.
Down in the refectory the boys sit at long tables, where good food and plenty of
it is served out to them by the Sisters of St. Joseph. Soup, meat, vegetables,
bread and milk are given out, not in limited quantities. Meat twice a day is
the rule for the 180 American boys of all .denominations. The dormitories
are capacious halls, filled with iron bedsteads, covered with blankets and
comforters. The whole house is heated by steam and has all the modern
improvements.
St. Paul's Borne for Newsboys. Located at 359, 361, 363 W. Jackson st.
An institution devoted to the care and training of working boys, newsboys
and waifs of Chicago. It is under Catholic auspices, but receives boys of
any denomination, regardless of religious belief. It has a large number of
boys in charge. Rev. D. S. A. Mahony, director.
Uhlich Evangelical Lutheran Orphan Asylum. Organized 1867 by some
ladies connected with St. Paul's church. Incorporated 1869. First cared for,
only a few children in a small cottage, corner of La Salle avenue and Ontario
street. A larger building on Clark street, between Garfield and "Webster
avenues, was rented later on, but this was swept away by the great fire. The
orphans were then brought, to the Lake View school for shelter. Afterwards
the "Chicago Nursery and Half Orphan Asylum," 175 Burling street, took
the children up and boarded them. The ladies had saved up about $8,000,
and the Chicago Aid and Relief Society contributed $20,750. and they bought
twelve lots on Burling and Centre streets, where the present building was
erected during the fall and winter of 1872-73. This edifice received a brick
addition in the summer of 1889. The trustees are: Mr. Wm. Knoke, president;
Mr. John L. Diez, treasurer; Mr. John Baur, secretary; Rev. R. A. John,
F. W. Forch, Wm. Schick, Wm. Keller, Jakob Huber, Conrad Furst, trustees;
superintendent, Geo. Zeising; matron, Mrs. Dora Zeising.
Waifs' Mission. Located at 44 State street, Taylor E. Daniels, superin-
tendent. The object of the mission is the care of homeless boys, notably
those who are abandoned to the streets by their parents or other relatives.
Directors: Messrs. Walter Q. Gresham, Richard S. Tuthill, B. F. Hagaman,
J. Irving Pearce, F. E. Brown, B. F. Lighter, W. H. Cowles, A. H. Revell,
J. Harley Bradley, Lester C. Hubbard, and T. E. Daniels. Advisory Board :
Messrs. George M. Pullman, Ferd. W. Peck, De Witt C. Cregier, W. Penn
Nixon, C. M. Henderson, Joseph R. Dunlop, W. G. Beale, G. F. Swift, John
R. Wilson, W. J. Chalmers, R. R. Cable, Marvin Hughitt, Lyman J. Gage,
C. T. Yerkes, William Deering, T. W. Harvey, E. W. Gillett, George E.
Marshall, J. M. Longenecker, T. B. Blackstone, D. K. Pearsons, and Potter
Palmer. During the eleven months ending Jan. 1, 1892, the statistics of the
Mission show the following : Six hundred and twenty -eight boys were admit-
ted to the home, of whom 419 received temporary board and lodging. The
average attendance at the Sunday-school was 570, and there were 326 religious
services held. During the eleven months 80,000 free meals, 16,860 free beds,
and 7,809 free baths were given, while over 17,000 articles of clothing were
distributed. In the Police Courts the cases of 840 boys were attended to,
which resulted in 469 discharges, forty-four sent to the Waifs' Mission, nine
194 GUIDE TO CHICAGO.
sent home, 135 fined, and 130 fined but execution stayed on promise of bet-
ter behavior. Only twenty were held to the Criminal Court, and thirty-two
cases were continued. Among the sick and poor 1,686 visits and investiga-
tions weie made, and relief afforded as far as possible. The average number
of boys enrolled in the day school was forty-nine, while the attendance aver-
aged 78 per cent., a remarkably good showing for street children. Employ-
ment and permanent homes were found for 188 boys. The work done in 1890
by the mission was summarized as follows : There were 80,690 free meals fur-
nished to hungry children; 15,630 free beds; 3,593 free baths, and 1,100 hair-
cuts were given. In clothing the naked, 16,000 garments were given out,
besides many pairs of shoes, and much mending done gratis. The superin-
tendent appeared before the justices in 929 cases of boys and girls charged
with crime or misdemeanor of which 569 were discharged, 114 executions
stayed, 122 fined, 64 continued, 44 held to the criminal court (14 afterwards
liberated), 16 sent home (runaways), Fifty-six boys were placed in employ-
ment, and homes were found for 26 others. Among the sick and poor 2,254
investigations were made, while 896 subsequent visits wtre made in these
cases and assistance was given. Of sick and homeless boys 22 were nursed
and 44 were sent to hospitals. There were 168 religious services held.
The total cash expenditure was $7,349.27, including rent, salaries, heat
and light, and all other expenses. Of this income $2,507.01 represents the
profits earned by the American Youth, a boys' weekly paper published by the
mission. . In this connection the report shows that the superintendent, in addi-
tion to his other duties, earned $1,009.25 in cash, or over half of his salary,
by the advertising secured by him for the paper, the amount being calculated
on the basis of the percentage paid the regular advertising solicitor. The
report expatiates at some length on the printing plant, worth $2,500, which
has been secured, and in which the boys are taught the printers' art while
incidentally ' ' setting up " the paper or ' ' kicking "jobs off the presses. The
statement is made that this is the most successful manual training so far
attempted among the waifs and the only form of trade-learning that seems to
hold their sustained interest.
TKAINING SCHOOL FOR WAIFS. Branch in connection with the Waif's
Mission. Not sufficiently ad vanced at this date to determine whether or not
it will be a success.
Young Ladies' Charity Circle. A band of sixteen young ladies of the
West Side who give entertainments for the benefit of charitable institutions.
They have no stated place of meeting. The officers of the circle are: Presi-
dent, Miss Birdie Lewinsohn; vice-president, Miss Annie Gerber; secretary,
Miss Belle Davis; treasurer, Mrs. Eva Davis. The other members are:
Misses Bessie and Annie Stolofsky, Eva Lerber, Sara Paradise, Mollie Lew-
insohn.'Ray Zohn, Miss Lipsky, Miss Uphert, Lena Barnett, Miss Goodkind,
Ray Nevens, Hattie Grosberg.
Young Men's Hebrew Charity Association. One of the most active and
useful chaiitable organizations in Chicago. The ball given by this associa-
tion at the Auditorium early in the present year netted $14,000, or $2,000
more than any of its predecessors. This money was divided among the
charities of Chicago as follows : Michael Reese Hospital, $6,000 ; Jewish
Training School of Chicago, $4,000 ; Y. M. H. C. A. Labor Bureau, $1,000 ;
Contribution toward salary of superintendent of Labor Bureau, $300 ; Exe-
cutive Committee in Aid of Russian Refuges, $750 ; Library of the Michael
THE ENCYCLOPEDIA. 195
Reese Hospital, $100 ; Truant Aid Society, $100 ; Policemen's Benevolent
Fund, $100 ; Firemen's Benevolent Fund, $1(0; Chicago Charity Hospital,
$200 ; Alexian Brothers' Hospital, $100 ; St. Elizabeth's Hospital, $100 ;
Provident Hospital and Training School Association, $100 ; Chicago Hospital
for Women and Children, $100 ; Altenheim, $100 ; Home for the Friendless,
$100.
CHRISTIAN ORGANIZATIONS.
Church societies are referred to elsewhere. The following are the lead-
ing Christian organizations of a general character in the city:
Bible Institute. The Bible Institute for home and foreign missions of the
Chicago Evangelization Society, which is a training school for evangelists
and other Christian workers, is situated Ladies' Department, 228-232
La Salle avenue, next door to Moody's Church, Chicago avenue, and Men's
Department and Class Rooms, 80 West Pearson street, between La Salle
avenue and Wells street. Take Wells street or North Clark cable lines.
Dwight L. Moody is the founder and president. There are about one hun-
dred students of the bible in the Men's Department, and about fifty women.
In the musical department over five hundred students are enrolled, but these
are largely in evening classes. The object of the Institute is to give to men
and women especially those who have not had the advantages of higher
education, and who would otherwise, in many cases at least, be deprived of
special instruction in various lines of Christian work that knowledge and
skill in the use of the Word, which will fit them to do efficient missionary
and evangelistic work. More than three hundred have already gone out and
are now engaged in work as pastors' assistants, missionaries, Sunday-school
missionaries, preaching and singing evangelists, lay helpers, pastors, church
visitors, etc. The demand for workers far exceeds the supply. The teaching
is done not only by those regularly connected with the Institute, but by
eminent men from all parts of America and Great Brit&in.
Bible Institute. The Bible Institute or Training School for Evangelists
is situated next door to Moody's Chicago Avenue Church, Chicago avenue
and La Salle street. Take North Clark or Wells Street cable lines. From
this institute Daniel Moody, the evangelist, draws his assistant workers.
There are about seventy students of the Bible in the men's department con-
stantly and about half as many women. The object of the institute is to give
to men largely those who have not had the advantages of higher education,
and who would otherwise, in many cases, at least, be deprived of special
instruction in lines of Christian work that knowledge and skill in the use
of the Word as will fit them the better to do missionary and evangelistic
work. Not a few are in training as lay helpers, pastors' assistants and sing-
ing evangelists, and the school is but one evidence of the new aggressiveness
of the Church to match the modern aggressiveness of the World.
Central W. C. T. U. of Chicago. Headquarters 161 La Salle street. In
addition to the general work of this association it conducts the Bethesda
Mission, 606 South Clark street, with which is connected a day nursery,
kindergarten, Sunday-school, kitchen garden, free medical dispensary, relief
work and gospel meetings; the Talcott Day Nursery, 169 West Adams street,
with which is connected a day nursery, a kindergarten and an industrial
196 G-UlDE fO CHICAGO.
school; the Anchorage Mission, 125 Third avenue; the Hope Mission and
Reading School, 166 North Halsted street; the Bethesda Inn, 408 South Clark
street, and the W. C. T. U. restaurant, 69 East Washington street. The
president is Mrs. M. B. Carse; first vice-president, Mrs. J. B. Hobbs; recording
secretary, Mrs. E. P. Howell; treasurer, Mrs. C. G. Davis. The board of mana-
gers is as follows MesdamesM. B. Carse, J. B. Hobbs, E. P. Howell, E. War-
ner, N. Norton, G. Bagley, G. Shipman, H. V. Reed, A. Bond, L. A. Hagans,
I.Jones, L. R. Hall, E. P. Vail, C. Goodman, U. Bruun, M. J. Haywood, H. J.
Berry, W. E. Kelley, L. M. Quine,C. E. Bigelow, T. D.Wallace, D. Fuller, Dr.
Winter, C. G. Davis, E. Trapp, C. B. S. Wilcox, H. R. Smith, M. W. Mabbs,
C. C. Lake, Miss Helen L. Hood. The missions, nurseries, kindergartens,
etc., of the W. C.T. U., are all doing a splendid work in Chicago; so, also, Is the
association'ssupervision of the work of the policematrons at the several stations.
The treasurer's report for the year ending March, 1890, showed: Balance
in treasury March 20, 1889, $2.92; receipts to March 20, 1890, $7,147.14; total,
$7,150.06; expenditures to March 20, 1890, $7,113.36; balance in treasury
March 20, 1890, $7,150.06. The object of the W. C. T. U., as stated in the
constitution of the association, is to plan and carry forward measures which
will, with the blessing of God, result in the suppression of intemperance in
our midst, and the highest moral and spiritual good of those needing reform;
and to this end to provide and maintain permanent buildings, rooms and
accommodations for the devotional, business and social meetings of the asso-
ciation, and to sustain and carry forward the mission and general work for
the suppression of intemperance and for moral reform, and to encourage and
aid such work in general by individual and auxiliary societies and associa-
tions. (See " National W. C. T. U." and ".W. C. T. U. Building.")
Chicago Bible Society. Depository and office, 89, 115 Dearborn street.
Officers President, N. S. Bouton; first vice-presdent, H. W. Dudley; second
vice-president, Cyrus H. McCormick; treasurer, C. H. Mulliken; correspond-
ing secretary, T. B. Carter; general secretary and agent, Rev. J. A. Mack;
auditor, C. W. Pritchard; business committee, N. S. Bouton, J. W. Farlin,
H. W. Dudley, C. H. Mulliken, and Rev. J. A. Mack. Bible-work business
committee : Mrs. Mark Ayres, Miss E. Dwyer, corresponding secretaries;
Mrs. L. A. L. Shute, secretary, 49 S. Ada street.
Christian Endeavor Society of Cook County. President, P. F. Chase; gen-
eral secretary, Otto Buehlman. There are five divisions in the county, as
follows Hyde Park, Oak Park, Q. Division, which takes in thirteen socie-
tieslocated on the lineof the Chicago, Burlington &Quincy Railroad; North-
western Division, which includes the societies located not alone on the North-
western road, but also those on the Chicago, Milwaukee & St. Paul, eight
all told; and the Evanston Division. Each of these divisions is In charge of
a secretary. The societies of the different divisions frequently hold sociables,
prayer meetings, etc. The reportfor last year shows an increaseof 13 junior
societies and 24 elder societies since the last convention, which makes a total
of 154 societies, when last year there were only 117. The membership one
year ago was 4, 000, to-day it can boast of nearly 7,000.
The first society was organized in the Williston church, Portland, Me.,
February 2, 1881, and in June last there were 11,013 societies, with a mem-
bership of 660,000. It has principally to do with younepeople, and the fact
of such immense progress as the above figures show willbe sufficient to enlist
THE ENCYCLOPEDIA.
197
the interest of all people who have any care for the coming generation of
men. The following is the statistical division of Chicago unions:
UNIONS.
Societies.
Active
members.
Associate
members.
Total mem-
bership.
North Side
8
285
52
337
South Side
11
519
51
670
West Side (northern)
6
151
20
170
West Side (southern)
17
6,17
187
814
12
455
136
591
8
262
118
380
Northwestern ,
9
218
102
3?0
Oak Park
8
213
. 65
278
"Q "
10
316
86
402
Engrlewood .
9
299
116
415
Hyde Park ..
12
396
173
569
Total .
110
3,740
1,106
4816
The Cook County union is thorough in its organization and discipline,
and serves well to show the workings of the society. The cosmopolitan and
liberal Christian spirit of the union are also better illustrated here than in
smaller places, for here the workings maybe seen in many different denomi-
nations of Christians and in many tongues. The visiting feature of the
union is a great source of knowledge and is resulting in much good.
Churches near and far which knew little or nothing of each other are becom-
ing acquainted.
National W. 0. T. U. Headquarters. The National W. C. T. U. head-
quarters are at present located in the suburb of Evanston, twelve miles from
the city. Take train at Wells Street depot, Wells and Kinzie streets, or at
Union depot, Adams and Canal streets. The headquarters will probably
remain at this place until the completion of the Temperance Temple in the
city. Miss Frances Willard, president of the National W. C. T. U., resides
at Evanston, as do also Mrs. Caroline B. Buell and Miss Esther Pugh, officers
of the Union. The rooms are on Davis street, only a short walk from the
railroad stations.
Young Men's Christian Association. Organized in the year 1858. Office
of General Board of Managers located at 148 Madison street. Officers John
V. Farwell, Jr., president; Cyrus H. McCormick, first vice-president; H. M.
Hubbard, second vice-president; James L. Houghteling, treasurer; H. M.
Starkey, M. D., recording secretary; J. H. Bradshaw, R. W. Hare, E. Burritt
Smith, John H. Leslie, A. B. Mead, N. S. Davis, Jr., M. D., C. C. Chapman,
John C. Grant, Seymour Walton, A. Kurz, W. I. Midler, F. M. Buck, D. W.
Potter, F. S. Osborne, W. G. Sherer; L. Wilbur Messer, general secretary;
W. T. Hart, assistant-general secretary. Board of Trustees S. M. Moore,
president; A. L. Coe, vice-president; E. G. Keith, secretary and treasurer;
John V. Farwell, N. S. Bouton, Cyrus H. McCormick, A. G. Lane, George
M. High, B. F. Jacobs, Orrington'Lunt, H. E. Sargent.
MADISON STREET DEPARTMENT, 148 Madison street. Committee of Man-
agement H. M. Hubbard, chairman; D. W. Potter, vice chairman; Frank
198 GUIDE TO. CHICAGO.
Milligaii, secretary ;L. A. Trowbridge, John V. Farwell, Jr.,R. W. Hare, J. 6.
Morris, Geo. L. Wrenn, A. P. White, J. 8. Lane, MaxBaird, R. F. Goldsmith,
Frederick T. West, Thos. R. Lyras, J.E. Defebaugh, Seymour Walton; Daniel
Sloan, department secretary; L. E. Buell, W. A. Sunday, C. E. Hillis, H. W.
Mixsell, A. F. Lee, E.R. Wilson, W. C. Beede, J. C. Maltby, assistant secre-
taries; E. L. Hayford, M. D., physical director; L. B. Smith, assistant physical
director.
Among the numerous privileges offered by this department to young men,
& r e> gymnasium, bath rooms, parlors, recreation and reading rooms, educa-
tional classes, lectures and entertainments, practical talks, religious meetings,
Bible-training classes, etc. The rooms are very cosily and attractively
furnished.
The reading room is an attractive, well-lighted and cheerful room, sup-
plied with easy chairs. The papers are conveniently arranged in racks.
Members will find regularly filed the leading daily, weekly, secular and
religious newspapers, together with publications on science, art, mechanics,
education, architecture, etc. This room contains also a spacious and com-
fortable writing-table, and all needed material for writing can be had upon
application. The library tables are covered with choice literary, illustrated,
scientific and humorous periodicals. The library contains dictionaries,
cyclopedias, and a large collection of books on history, travel, poetry, biog-
raphy, fiction, science and theology. Books of special interest and import-
ance to young men will be suggested to members upon application to the
assistant secretary. The parlor is supplied with comfortable chairs, is taste-
fully arranged, and is intended for conversation, reading, leisure, or musical
pastime. The amusement room is supplied with numerous games of skill, such
as chess, checkers, crokinole, faba baga, base ball, croquet, authors, etc. The
large variety of games will provide for a number of members at a time.
WEST SIDE DEPARTMENT, Paulina and Madison Street, A. D. Mackay,
department secretary. Gymnasium, bath rooms, membeis' parlors, recrea-
tion and reading rooms, educational classes, entertainments and lectures, prac-
tical talks and religious meetings. The rooms of the department are furnished
very attractively.
SOUTH CHICAGO DEPARTMENT, 9140-9142 Commercial Avenue, Thomas
Ratcliffe, department secretary. Large and finely-equipped gymnasium,
with new tub and shower-baths, reading room, recreation room and parlor-
lectures, entertainments and socials, practical talks and religious meetings.
RAVENSWOOD DEPARTMENT, Ravenswood, 111., R. J. Bennett, chairman;
L. B. Moore, department secretary. Gymnasium, bowling alleys, bath-
rooms, lectures and entertainments, practical talks, receptions, religious
meetings, Bible-training classes and other privileges. This department occu-
pies a new building valued at $15,000, which has been but recently dedicated,
and all of its appointments and furnishings are of the finest and most home-
like order. Its supervision is under a committee of management, composed of
the leading resident and business men of Ravenswood.
PULLMAN DEPARTMENT, Pullman, 111. Gymnasium, bath rooms, parlor,
religious meetings, Bible training classes and other privileges.
GARFIELD BOULEVARD RAILROAD DEPARTMENT, Garfield Boulevard and
Tracy Avenue, C. H. Smith, chairman; John G. Percy, department secre-
tary. Gymnasium, bath rooms, bowling alley, reading room, religious meet-
ings, Bible-training classes, and other privileges especially designed for rail-
THE ENCYCLOPEDIA. 199
road men. This department occupies a building of its own, with modern and
home-like appointments, having its membership principally among railroad
men of that section of the city.
KINZIE STREET RAILROAD DEPARTMENT, Kinzie and Canal Streets, E. H.
Duff, chairman; William Cook, department secretary. Reading room,
parlor, bath room, receptions and other privileges for railroad men. The
membership of this department is largely composed of railroad men in its
immediate vicinity.
GERMAN DEPARTMENT, Larrabee Street and Grant Place, A. Kurz, chair-
man; L. A. Horlacher, department secretary. Gymnasium, bath rooms,
reading, recreation and conversation rooms, circulating library, educational
classes, receptions, religious meetings and other privileges.
INTERCOLLEGIATE DEPARTMENT, W. F. Seymour, secretary. This
department has the care of the work in the professional schools of the city.
There are connected with the association numerous features which con-
tribute toward making a membership in this organization both desirable and
valuable to young men. Among the privileges accordc d are participation in a
connection with the following: Informal receptions, trades receptions, members'
receptions, boarding-house register, home-like place, good company, friendly
counsel, general information, employment bureau, writing conveniences, care
in sickness, members' parlors, parlor games, reading room, current literature,
educational classes, entertainments, practical talks, literary society, reference
library, gymnasium, physical instruction, medical examination, healthful
baths, toilet conveniences, summer athletics, outing club, gospel meetings,
training classes, Bible classes, prayer meetings, teachers' meetings. Asso-
ciate members are young men over sixteen years of age, whose references as
to good moral character are saiisfactory. Active members are young men
over sixteen years of age, who are members in good standing of some Evan-
gelical Church. A regular membership ticket, good in all departments, either
active or associate, requires an annual membership fee of five dollars. A mem-
bership may be obtained by any young man regardless of Church member-
ship or belief . The paid membership of the Chicago association is over five
thousand. The Chicago association is the second in the world in membership
and in the amount of money received annually for current expenses.
In the building of the Madison street department, 148 Madison street, are
located the offices of the State executive committee, the Western Secretarial
Institute, and the Young Men's Christian Association Training School.
Seven secretaries are employed in the Illinois State work, and the annual
expenditure by the State committee in the supervision of the associations of the
State is $16,000. [See " New Y. M." C. A. Building."]
Young Men's Christian Association (Scandinavian). Located at 183 N.
Peoria st. President, M. Ellingson; secretary, P. Hanson; treasurer, T.
Syvertson; librarian, K. Hall. This association has very comfortable rooms
and a large membership.
Young Woman's Christian Association. Located at room 61, 243 Wa-
bash ave. Officers President, Mrs. L. Stone; treasurer, Miss M. E. True;
corresponding secretary, Mrs. J. M. Brodie; recording secretary, Mrs. R. S.
Chamberlain; superintendent employment bureau, Miss I. Stobie, 243 Wa-
bash ave.; superintendent of dispensary, Dr. Odelia Blinn; superintendent
boarding-house (288 Michigan ave.), Mrs. Jones. The boarding-house
200 GUIDE TO CHICAGO.
has been overcrowded of late, but arrangements are being made for better
and more ample quarters. Young women are boarded at a nominal cost.
CHURCHES.
The visitor will not be many hours in Chicago before he Is Impressed
with the number and beauty of the structures consecrated to divine "worship.
Unlike some of the older American and European cities, however, he will
notice that there are no church edifices in the business center, nor along any
of the great business arteries . There were a number of handsome and costly
church buildings in the business district previous to 1871, but the great fire
swept them away. After the fire, the ground upon which they had stood
proved to be so valuable that the various church societies nnd congregations
decided either to sell or improve their "down town "real property, and build
their churches on less expensive ground and nearer the residence districts .
Among the churches that were to be found down town before the fire, were
the First Presbyterian church, on Wabash ave., near Jackson; the Second
Presbyterian at the northeast corner of Wabash ave. and Washington st. ;
St. Mary's Catholic church, at the southwest corner of Wabash ave. and
Madison St., where" St. Mary's block" now stands; the First Baptist
church on Wabash ave., and the Rev. Dr. Everts' (Episcopal) church.
There were many others not so well known and not so well remembered.
The Methodists, Presbyterians, Baptists, Unitarians, Roman Catholics,
Episcopalians, and, in fact, all denominations, lost heavily by the great fire,
both in the South and North divisions. Since then, however, they have all
prospered, and every year since has added to the magnitude, the costliness
and the beauty of the church edifices they have erected.
LOCATION OF LEADING CHURCHES. The leading churches of the three
divisions of the city are removed to the extent of a street car trip from hotels
and depots of the South Side. On the West Side they are found principally
along Washington and Ashland blvds. or around Jeffenon and Union parks.
Centenary Methodist and the Second Baptist chuiches, two of the oldest in the
city, are located on Monroe and Morgan-sts. On the North Side they are to
be found in the district north of Ontario and east of Clark sts., principally
on Dearborn ave. On the South Side they are to be found on Wabash ave.,
Michigan blvd. , and in the district east of State st. and south of Twenty-second
st. Take West Madison cable line for West Side, North Clark st. cable line
or State st. horse line for North Side and Cottage Grove ave. cable line for
South Side. Two of the leading Independent churches of the city, however,
the Central and the People's, hold services in the Central Music Hall and
Columbia Theatre, respectively, only a short walk from the hotels. Prof.
Swing preaches at the former every Sunday; Dr. Thomas at the latter.
ov V
^THK ENCYCLOPEDIA. 201
POPULAR MINISTERS AND PREACHERS. Popular ministers of the city and
those of whom the visitor is likely to hear of tenest, are Prof. David Swing, Cen-
tral Church, Central Music Hall, State and Randolph sts. ; Dr. H. W. Thomas,
People's Church, McVicker's Theatre, Madison St., near State st.; Simon J.
MacPherson, Second Presbyterian Church, Michigan blvd. and Twentieth St.;
F. J. Brobst, Westminster Presbyterian, Peoria and Jackson sts.; F. W.
Gunsaulus, Plymouth Congregational, Michigan ave., near Twenty-sixth st.;
Rabbi E. G. Hirsch, Sinai Congregation, Indiana ave. and Twenty-first st.;
Dr. John H. Barrows, First Presbyterian, Indiana ave. and Twenty -first St.;
H. H. Barbour, Belden Avenue Methodist Church, Beldenave. and Halsted
St.; Dr. P. S. Hensen, First Baptist Church, South Park ave. and Thirty-first
st.; Rev. Fred Campbell, Jefferson Park Presbyterian Church, Adams and
Throopsts.; State st., near Twenty-lhirdst.; Dr. V/\ M. Lawrence, Second
Baptist Church, Morgan and Monroe sts.; Dr. E. P. Goodwin, First
Congregational Church, Washington boulevard and Ann street; Dr.
F. A. Noble, Union Park Congregational Church, Washington blvd.
and Ashland avenue. ; Rt. Rev. William E. McLaren, Episcopal Cathedral,
Washington blvd. and Peoria st.; Rev. Dr. Clinton Locke, Grace Episcopal
Church, 1445 Wabash ave,; Rt. Rev. Charles E. Cheney, Christ's Episcopal
Church, Michigan ave. and Twenty-fourth St.; Rt. Rev. Samuel Fallows, St.
Paul's Episcopal, Adams st. and Winchester ave. ;J. P. Brushingham, Ada
Street M. E. Church, Ada st., between Lake and Fulton sts. ; Robert Mclntyre,
Grace M. E. Church, cor. La Salle ave. and Locust st. ; Dr. William Fawcett,
Park Avenue M. E. Church, Park ave., corner Robey st. ; Frank M. Bristol,
Trinity M. E. Church, Indiana ave., near Twenty-fourth St.; Dr. W. T.
Meloy, First United Presbyterian Church, Monroe "and Paulina sts.; Dr. M.
W. Stryker, Fourth Presbyterian Church, Rush and Superior sts.; Dr. John
L. Withrow, Third Presbyterian Church, Ashland blvd. and Ogden ave.;
Jenkins Lloyd Jones, All Souls' Church, Oakwoodblvd. andLangleyave.; T.
G. Milsted, Unity Church, Dearborn ave. and Walton place; J. Colman
Adams, St. Paul's Unitarian Church, Prairie ave. and Thirtieth st.
Christian Churches. The Christian Churches of the city are located as
follows: FIRST CHURCH, W. Jackson st. and Oakley ave.; CENTRAL, Indi-
ana ave. and Thirty-seventh st.; CHRISTIAN (colored), Apollo Hall, 2719
Dearborn st.: NORTH SIDE, Cooks' Hall, Lincoln ave. and Sheffield ave.;
WEST SIDE, 303 and 305 S. Western ave.
Congregational Churches. The Congregational Churches of the city are
located as follows: BETHANY, Superior and Lincoln sts.; BETHLEHEM,
CHAPEL, 709 Loomis st., BOWMANVILLE, Bowmanville; CALIFORNIA AVKNUE,
California ave. and W. Monroe; CENTRAL PARK, W. Forty-first and Fulton
st.; BRIGHTON, W. Thirty fourth near Lincoln st. ; CHURCH OF THE
REDEEMER, School st., near Evanston ave.; CLINTON STREET, S. Clinton and
Wilson sts.; COVENANT, W. Polk st., nw. corner Claremont ave.; CRAGIN,
Armitage ave., near Grand ave.; DOUGLAS PARK, 903 Sawyer ave.; DUNCAN
AVENUE, Duncan ave., near Seventy-seventh st. ; EMANUEL (colored), 2811
State st.; ENGLEWOOD, School and Sixty -fourth sts., Englewood; ENGLE-
WOOD NORTH, La Salle and Fifty-ninth sts.; ENGLEWOOD TRINITY, Wright
and Sixty-ninth sts.; FIRST, Washington blvd., sw. corner Ann st.; FIRST
(Scandinavian), Point anfl Chanay sts. ; FORESTVILLE, Champlain ave. and
Forty-sixth st.; GERMAN PILGRIM,' W. Fulton and W. Forty-first sts.; GRACE,
Powell ave. and Cherry pi.; HUMBOLDT PARK.W. Chicago ave., near N. Calil
202 GUIDE TO CHICAGO.
(Scandinavian), North California avenue and Armitage 'avenue; FOREST-
VILLE, Champiain avenue and Forty-sixth street; GERMAN PILGRIM, Ayers
avenue and Elmer street; GRACE, Powell avenue and Cherry pi.; HERMOSA,
Howard ave. and Cortland; HUMBOLDT PARK, W. Chicago ave., nearN. Cali-
fornia avenue; IMMANUEL, State and Twenty-eighth streets; JEFFERSON
PARK, Jefferson Park; JOHANNES (German), Franklin street, near Eugenie
street; LAKEVIEW, Seminary and Lill avenues; LEAVITT STREET, Leavitt
street and s.w. corner W. Adams street; LINCOLN PARK, Garfield avenue and
Mohawk street; MILLARD AVENUE, S. Central Park avenue, se. corner VV.
Twenty-third street; NEW ENGLAND, Dearborn avenue and Delaware place;
PACIFIC, Cortland and Ballou streets; PLYMOUTH, Michigan avenue, near
Twenty-sixth street; RAVENSWOOD, Commercial and Sulzer streets; ROSE-
HILL, Rosehill; WARDIS (Welch), Peoria street near Jackson street; SEDGWICK
BRANCH, Sedgwick and Blackhawk streets; SOUTH, Drexel boul., nw.
corner Fortieth street, SOUTH (German], Ullmari street and James avenue;
SOUTH CHICAGO, South Chicago; SOUTH PARK, Madison avenue and Fifty-
sixth street; SWEDISH, South Peoria and Fifty-ninth streets; SUMMERDALE,
near Summerdale depot, Lake View; TABERNACLE, W. Indiana street, se.
corner Morgan street; UNION PARK, 8. Ashland avenue and Washington
boul.; UNION TABERNACLE, South Ashland avenue and W. Twentieth street;
WARREN AVENUE, Warren avenue, sw. corner Albany avenue; ZION, Fifty-
sixth and S. Green streets.
Congregational Missions. The following are the Mission Churches con-
ducted by the Congregationalists: ARMOUR, Thirty-third street, near Butter-
field St.; ASHLAND AVENUE, Ashland avenue and Twelfth street; CALIFORNIA
AVENUE, California avenue and Filmore street; CHINESE, Washington boul.
and S. Ann street: COMMERCIAL AVENUE, Commercial avenue, near Ninety-
sixth street (S. C.); DORKMUS, Butler street, near Thirty-first street; GRACE-
LAND, near Graceland Cemetery; HARRISON STREET, Harrison street, near
Halsted street; HEGEWISCH, Hegewisch; HOUSE OF HOPE, 210 W. Indiana
street; HOYNE AVENUE, W. Nineteenth street, near Leavitt street; MAPLE-
WOOD; Maplewood; OAKLEY AVENUE, W. Indiana street, near Oakley
avenue; RANDOLPH, 79 W. Randolph street; PULLMAN [Swedish], Pullman;
ROBEY STREET, N. Robey street, near Cly bourne aveime; SWEDISH, Lock
and Thirty first streets; THIRTEENTH STREET, 533 W. Thirteenth street;
W. HARRISON STREET, W. Harrison street, near Kedzie avenue; WENT-
WORTH AVENUE [Swedish], Wentworth avenue and Thirty ninth street.
Baptist Churches. The Baptist Churches of the city are located as fol-
lows: BELDEN AVENUE, N. Halsted st. and Belden ave. ; BETHANY, Lock and
Bonaparte sts.; BETHESDA (Colored), Thirty-fourth st., se. cor. Butterfield
st.; CENTENNIAL, W. Jackson st., cor. Lincoln st. ; COVENANT, No. 330 Sixty-
third st.; FIRST, Englewood ave., near Stewart ave.; ENGLEWOOD (Swedish),
Wentworthst.,southof Forty-ninth st. ; EVANGEL, Dearborn and Forty-seventh
sts. ; FIRST, South Park ave. and Thirty-first st.; FIRST (German), Bickerdike
and W. Huron sts.; FIRST (Swedish), Oak st., near Sedgwick st.; FOURTH,
Washington blvd., nw. cor. Paulina st.; HUMBOLDT PARK, Humboldt and
Cortland sts.; HYDE PARK, Madison ave. and Fifty-fourth st. , Hyde Park ;
IMMANUEL (W. S.), Michigan ave., near Twenty-third st. ; IRVING PARK, Irv-
THE ENCYCLOPEDIA. 203
Ing Park; LAKE VIEW, School street, near Lincoln avenue; LANGLEY AVENUE,
Langley avenue and Seventy-first street; LA SALLE AVENUE, La Salle
avenue, near Division street; MEMORIAL, Oakwood boul,, near Cottage Grove
avenue; MILLARD AVENUE, Millard avenue, se. corner W. Twenty-fourth
street, Lawndale; NORTH ASHLAND AVENUE, N. Ashland avinue, near W.
North avenue; OLIVET (Colored), Harmon court and Holden place; PROVI-
DENCE (colored), 26 N. Irving place; PULLMAN (Swedish), Pullman; SCAN-
DINAVIAN BETHEL, Rockwell street, near Humboldt Park; SCANDINAVIAN
PILGRIM, N. Carpenter and Ohio streets; SECOND, Morgan street, sw. cornei
W. Monroe street; SECOND [German], Burling and Willow streets; SECOND
[Swedish], 3018-3020 Fifth avenue, near Thirty-first street; SHILOH [colored],
430 Sixty-third street; SOUTH CHICAGO, South Chicago; SOUTH CHICAGO,
[Swedish], Fourth avenue and Ninety -eighth street; WESTERN AVENUE,
Warren avenue, nw. corner N. Western avenue. WOODLAWN PARK, Wood-
lawn Park.
Baptist Missions. The following are the Mission churches conducted by
the Baptists : BOHEMIAN, Throop and Sixteenth sts.; CONGRESS, Washtenaw
ave. and Fiournoy st. ; DEARBORN, 3740 State st. ; HASTINGS STREET, Hastings
st. near Ashland ave.; HOPE, Noble at., sw. corner W. Superior; OGDEN
AVEXUE, 643 O.jden ave., in connection with Centennial Church; RAYMOND.
Poplar ave. and Thirtieth St.; WABANSIA, 353 Wabansia ave.
Evangelical Association of North America (German). The location of
the churches of this denomination is as follows : Chicago District, Presiding
Elder, Rev. A. Fuessele, residence 658 Sheffield ave. ADAMS STREET, W.
Adams and Robey sts. ; FIRST, Thirty fifth and Dearborn sts. ; CENTENNIAL,
W. Harrison, sw. corner Hoyne ave ; HUMBOLDT PARK, Wabausia ave.,
corner N. Rock well st.; LANE PARK, Roscoe and Bosworth ets. ; SALEM, W.
Twelfth and Union sts.; SECOND, Wisconsin and Sedgwick sts.; EMANUEL,
Sheffield ave. , ne. corner Marianna st.; ST. JOHN'S, Noble and W. Huron
sts.
Evangelical Lutheran (English) Churches The Evangelical Lutheran
(English) Churches of the city are located as follows : CHURCH OF THE
HOLY TRINITY, 398 La Salle ave.; GRACE, Belden ave. and Larrabee st. ; ST.
PAUL'S, Fairfield and Hoyne aves.; WICKER PARK, N. Hoyne ave., nw.
corner LeMoyne st.
Evangelical Lutheran (Danish}. The Evangelical Lutheran (Danish)
Churches of the city are located as follows : ST. STEPHENS, Dearborn and
Thirty-sixth sts.; TRINITY, 440 and 442 W. Superior st. ; BETHEL, W. Lakeand
Forty-second sts.
Evangelical Lutheran (German) The Evangelical Lutheran (German)
Churches of the city are located as follows : ANDREAS, 3650 Honore ; BETH-
LEHEM, N. Paulina and McReynolds sts.; CHRIST, Humboldt and Byron aves. ;
CHURCH of THE HOLY CROSS, Ullman st., nw. cor. James ave.; EMANUEL,
Twelfth st. and Ashland; ave., GETHSEMANE, 4407 Wentworth ave.; GNADEN,
169 and 171 Twenty-third pi., near Portland ave.; GRAND CROSSING, Grand
Crossing; MARCUS, 1119 California ave.; MARTINI, 4838 Loomis ; NAZAR-
ETH, Forest ave., near Fullerton ave.; PULLMAN, Pullman ; ST. JACOBI, Fre-
mont st., sw. cor. Garfield ave.; ST. JOHANNES, Jefferson; ST. JOHN'S, W.
Superior and Bickerdike sts.; ST. LUCAS, Belmont ave., Lake View; ST.
204 GUIDE TO CHICAGO.
MARK'S, Ashland and Augusta st.; ST. MATTHEW'S, Hoyne ave., bejt.
Twentieth and Twenty-first sts. ; ST. PAUL'S, Superior and N. Franklin sis ;
ST. PETERS, Dearborn st., south of Thirty-ninth St.; ST. SIMON'S, 1339 W.
North ave.; ST. STEPHEN'S, 838 Chestnut; ST. STEPHEN'S, Wentworth ave.,
northwest cor. Twenty-fifth st.; SOUTH CHICAGO, S. Chicago ; ST. THOMAS',
Washtenaw ave. and Iowa st.; TRINITY (U. A. C.), Hanover st. and Twenty-
fifth pi.; TmNiTY(West Chicago), 9, 11 and 13 Snell st. Washington Heights;
ZION, W. Nineteenth st., cor. Johnson st.
Evangelical Lutheran (Norwegian). The Evangelical Lutheran (Norwe-
gian) Churches of the city are located as follows : BETHNIA, W. Indiana st.,
se. cor. Carpenter st. ; BETHLEHEM, W. Huron st., cor. N. Centre Ave,;
EMANUEL, Perry ave. and Cherry; NORWEGIAN, N. Franklin and ERIE sts.;
OUR SAVIOUR'S, May and W. Erie sts.; St. PAUL'S, N. Lincoln and Park sts.;
ST. PETER'S, Hirsch st. and Seymour ave.; TRINITY, W- Indiana st., sw. cor.
Peoria st.
Evangelical Lutheran (Separatists) Churches. The Evangelical Lutheran
(Separatists) Churches of the city are located as follows : CHURCH OF PEACE,
N. Wood and Iowa streets; FIRST CHURCH, 270 Augusta st., near Samuel st.
Evangelical Lutheran (Swedish) Churches. The Evangelical Lutheran
(Swedish) Churches of the city are located as follows : MISSION, N. Franklin
ave., cor. Whiting st. ; GETIISEMANE, May and W. Huron sts.; IMMANUEL,
Sedgwick and Hobble sts.; SALEM, Portland ave. and Twenty-eighth St.;
TABERNACLE, S. LaSalle and Thirtieth sts.
Evangelical ( United) Churches. The Evangelical (United) Churches of the
city are located as follows: CHURCH OF PEACE, Fifty-second and Justine;
EMANUEL'S, Forty-sixth and Dearborn; FIRST GERMAN, ST. PAUL'S, Ohio st.,
sw. cor. La Salle ave.; SECOND GERMAN, ZION, Union st., nw. cor. W. Four-
teenth St.; THIRD GERMAN, SALEM, 368-372 Twenty-fifth St., near Wentworth
ave. ; FOURTH GERMAN, ST. PETER'S, Chicago ave. and Noble st. ; FIFTH GEH-
MAN, ST. JOHN'S, Cortland st. near Seymour ave.; LUKAS, Sixty-second, cor.
Green; MARKUS, Thirty-fifth, cor. Dashiel; PETRI, Colehour; SIXTH GER-
MAN, BETHLEHEM, Diversey ave, and Lewis st. ; ST. NICHOLAS, Avondale;
TRINITY CHURCH, W. Twenty-fourth st., sw. cor. S. Robey st. ; ZION'S,
Auburn Park.
Evangelical Reformed. The FIRST GERMAN church of the Evangelical
Reformed denomination is located at 177-179 Hastings st. ; THIRD FRIEDENS,
1330 Wellington.
Episcopal (Reformed) Churches .The Episcopal (Reformed) Churches of
Chicago are located as follows: SYNOD of Chicago, bishop, Rt. Rev. Charles
E. Cheney, D. D. CHRIST, Michigan ave. and Twenty-fourth st. ; EMANUEL,
Hanover and Twenty-eighth sts.; ST. JOHN'S, Thirty-seventh st, cor. Lang-
ley ave. ; ST. MARK'S, Maplewood; ST. MARK'S MISSION, Huinboldt Park;
ST. MATTHEW'S, Fullerton ave. and Larrabee sts.; TRINITY, Englewopd;
TYNG MISSION, Archer ave. and Twenty-first st. ; ST. ANSGARIUS, Sedgwick
st. near Chicago ave. ; ST. BARNABAS', Park ave. and Forty-fourth st. ; ST.
BARTHOLOMEW'S, Sixty-fifth si. and Stewart ave.; St. GEORGE'S, Grand Cross-
ing; ST. LUKE'S, 388 S. Western ave. ; ST. MARK'S Cottage Grove ave. and
Thirty-ninth st.; ST. PAUL'S, 4928 Lake ave.
THE ENCYCLOPEDIA. 205
Episcopal Reformed Missionary. Jurisdiction of the Northwest and West,
Rt. Rev. Samuel Fallows, D. D., bishop; ST. PAUL'S CHURCH, W. Adamast.,
cor. Winchester ave.
Episcopal Churches. The Episcopal Churches of the city are located aa
follows Bishop of Diocese of Chicago, Rt. Rev. William E. McLaren,
D. D., D. C. L., office 18 S. Peoria St., residence 255 Ontario t. ALL SAINTS',
757 N. Clark; ALL SAINTS', Ravenswood; CATHEDRAL SS. PETER AND
PAUL, Washington blvd. and Peoria st. ; CALVARY, Western av. and Monroe
st.; CHRIST, Sixty-fourth st. and Woodlawn av.; CHURCH OP ATONEMENT,
Edgewater; CHURCH OF OUR SAVIOR, Lincoln and Belden aves.; CHURCH OF
ST. CLEMENT, State and Twentieth st. ; CHURCH OF ST. PHILIP THE EVAN-
GELIST, Archer ave. and Thirty -fifth at. ; CHURCH OF THE ASCENSION, N.
La Salle and Elm; CHURCH OF THE EPIPHANY, S. Ashland ave., corner W.
Adams, CHURCH OF THE GOOD SHEPHERD, Millard ave. ; CHURCH OF THE
REDEEMER, Fifty-seventh st. and Washington ave. ; CHURCH OF THE TRANS-
FIGURATION, Prairie ave. and. Thirty-ninth st. ; GRACE, 1445 Wabash ave. near
Sixteenth st.; ST. ALBAN'S, State st. near Forty -fifth; ST. ANDREWS, Washfbg-
ton blvd. and Robey st.; ST. JAMES', cor. Cass and Huron st.; ST. JOHN'S (So.
Chicago.) Commercial ave. and Ninety-second St.; ST. PETER'S, 1532 N.
Clark; ST. STEPHEN'S, Johnson st. near W. Taylor st.; ST. THOMAS' (colored)
Dearborn st. near Thirtieth st. ; TRINITY, Michigan ave". and Twenty-sixth st.
Episcopal Missions and Chapels. The Missions and Chapels conducted by
the Episcopalians are as follows: ADVENT MISSION, W. Madison, near
Albany ave.; CHAPEL OF ST. LUKE'S HOSPITAL, 1430 Indiana ave.; DOUGLAS
PARK MISSION, superintendent, Rev. H. W. Scaife, M. D. ; HOLY TRINITY,
Stock yards; HOME FOR INCURABLES, Ellis ave., south of Fifty-fifth st.; MIS-
SION OF NATIVITY, W. Indiana st., near Lincoln st,; SISTERS OF ST. MARY
CHAPEL, Washington blvd. and Peoria; ST. JAMES' MISSION, Elm st.
Free Methodist Churches. The Free Methodist Churches of Chicago are
located as foMows: FIRST, 16 N. May; SECOND, 447 Ogden ave.; SOUTH
SIDE, 5251 Dearborn st.; MILWAUKEE AVENUE, Mozart st. near Armitage
ave.; SOUTH CHICAGO, So. Chicago.
Independent Churches. The Independent Churches of Chicago are located
as follows: CHICAGO AVENUE (Moody's), Chicago ave. nw. corner LaSalle
ave.. CENTRAL CHURCH (Swing's), Central Music Hall, State st., se. corner
Randolph st,. ; MARKET STREET MISSION, 38 Kinzie st. ; PEOPLE'S CHURCH
(Thomas'), McVicker's Theatre.
Jewish Synagogues. The Jewish Synagogues of the city are located as
follows: ANSHE EMES, 341 Sedgwick st. ; ANSHE KANESSES ISRAEL, se. cor.
Judd and Clinton sts.; ANSHE RUSSIA-POLA-SEDEK, S. Clinton cor. Twelfth;
CONGREGATION BETH HAMEDRASH HACH ODOSCH, 439 Clark st.; CONGREGA-
TION BETH HAMEDRASH 134 Pacific ave.; CONGREGATION B'NAI ABRAHAM, se.
cor. Wright st. and Newberry ave.; CONGREGATION EMANUEL, 280 and 282
N. Franklin st.; CONGREGATION OHAVEH EMUNAH, 386 Clark st.; CONGRE-
GATION OHAVEH SHOLOM, 582 S. Canal st.; CONGREGATION OF THE NORTH
SiDE.ne. cor. Rush st. and Walton pi.; CONGREGATION MOSES MONTEFIORE,
130 Augusta st. ; CONGREGATION BETHEL, N. May st. near W.Huron St.;
KEHILATH ANSHE MAARIV (Congregation of the men of the West), Indiana
ave. and Thirty-third st, ; KEHILATH B'NAI SHOLOM (Sons of Peace), Twenty-
sixth, cor. Indiana; SINAI CONGREGATION, Indiana ave. and Twenty-first St.;
ZION CONGREGATION, se. cor. Washington blvd. and Ogden ave,
206 GUIDE TO CHICAGO.
Methodist Episcopal Ghurchet. The Methodist Episcopal Churches of
the city are located as follows: ADA STREET, Ada st., between W. Lake
and Fulton sts. ; ASBURY, 3120 and 3122 Fifth ave. ; AUBURN PARK, Auburn
Park; AVONDALE, Avondale: BETHANY, ne. cor. Francisco and W. Jackson
sts. ; BRIGHTON PARK, nw. cor. Thirty-eighth st. and Washtenaw ave.; CEN-
TENARY, 295 W. Monroe st., near Morgan st.; CHICAGO LAWN, Chicago Lawn;
CUMMINGS, Cummings; DEERING, nw. cor. Ward, and Dunning sts.; DOUG-
LAS PARK, 624 S. Washtenaw ave.; ENGLEWOOD, 6410 Stewart ave.; ERIE
STREET, W. Erie st. near N. Robey st. ; FIFTY-FOURTH STREET, Fifty-fourth
and Peoria sts. ; FIRST, Clark and Washington sts.; FORTY-SEVENTH, Forty-
seventh and Dreyer sts.; FULTON STREET, 891 and 893 Fulton St., west of
Oakley ave. ; GARFIELD PARK, W. Lake, cor. Homan ave.; GRACE, LaSalle
ave. and Locust st. ; GRACE, Kensington; GRAND CROSSING, Grand Crossing;
GROSS, Gross Park; HALSTED STREET, 778 to 784 S. Halsted st. ; Harrison
and Forty-second st. ; HEGEWISCH, Hegewisch ave. , south of One hundred and
Thirty-third st.; HKRMOSA, Hermosa; HUMBOLDT PARK, Humboldt Park;
HVbE PARK, Hyde Park; IRVING PARK, Irving Park; KENWOOD, 83 Forty-
third st. ; LEAVITT AND DEKALB, N. Ogden ave. ; LINCOLN STREET, se. cor.
Ambrose and S.Lincoln sts.; MARSHFIKLD AVENUE, Marshfield st., south
of W. Van Buren st. ; MORELAND, Moreland; NORMAL PARK, Normal Park;
North ave; NOUTHWEST, Homer st. west of juuct. Milwaukee and Western
ave. ; OAKLAND, sw. cor. Langley ave. and Oakland blvd.; PARK AVENUE,
se. cor. Robey st. and Park ave.; PARK MANOR, 6758 S. Chicago ave.,
Park Side; PAULINA STREET, 3342 S. Paulina st., near Archer ave. : PULLMAN,
Pullman; RAVENSWOOD, Commercial and Sunnyside ave.; SACRAMENTO
AVENUE, Sacramento ave. head of Adams st. ; SHEFFIELD AVENUE, Sheffield
ave. and George st. ; SIMPSON MISSION, LaSalle and Fifty-ninth sts.; Sixty-
fourth and Loomis; SOUTH CHICAGO, na. c )r. Ninety-tirst st. and Superior
ave.; SOUTH ENGLEWOOD, Murray, cor. Eighty-seventh st. ; SOUTH PARK
AVENUE, Thirty-third st. and South Park ave. ; STATE STREET, 4637 State
st. ; ST. PAUL'S, W. Taylor st. and Center ave.; TRINITY, Indiana ave. near
Twenty-fourth st. ; WABASH AVKNUE, Fourteenth st. and Wabash ave.;
WESLEY, 1003 and 1009 N. Halsted st.; WESTERN AVENUE, W. Monroe st.,
and Western ave.; VICKER PARK MISSION, Milwaukee and W. North aves. ;
WINTER STREET, N. W. Gordon and Dashiel sts.; WOODLAWN PARK, Wood-
lawn Park.
Methodist Episcopal (African) Churches. The Methodist Episcopal
African) Churches of the city are as follows: ALLEN, Avondale; BETHEL,
ARLINGTON HALL, Thirty-first; QUINN'S, Central Hall, Wabash ave.; ST.
STEPHEN'S, 682 Austin ave.; ZION, Dearborn st., between Twenty-ninth and
Thirtieth sts.
Methodist Episcopal (Bohemian) Churches. The Methodist Episcopal
(Bohemian) Churches of the city are located as follows: FIRST, 778 S. Hal-
sted st, ; SECOND, S. Halsted and W. Twelfth.
Methodist Episcopal (German) Churches. The Methodist Episcopal (Ger-
man) Churches of the city are located as follows: ASHLAND AVKNUE, 485 N.
Ashland ave. ; CENTENNIAL MISSION, Wellington and Sheffield aves. , Lake View;
CENTER STREET, nw. cor. Dayton and Centre els.; CLYBOURNE AVENUE, 51
and 53 Clybourne ave.; DEERING MISSION. Clybourne ave., near Fullerton
ave.; EBENEEZER, sw. cor. Thirty-first and Ullman sts.; FULLERTON AVENUE,
ne. cor. N. Wester^ ave. and W. Fullerton ave.; IMMANUEL, 832 and 834 W.
ME ENCYCLOPEDIA. 207
Twenty-second st.; MAXWELL STKKET, 308 Maxwell st. ; PORTLAND AVENUE,
se. cor. Twenty-eighth st. and Portland ave.; ROBEY STREET MISSION, Robey
st., near W. Twelfth st. ; WKNTWORTH AVENUE, Wentworth ave., south of
Thirty seventh st.
Methodist Episcopal (Norwegian) Churches. The Methodist Episcopal
(Norwegian) Churches of the city are located as follows: IMMANUEL, W.
Huron and Bickerdike sts. ; FIRST, se. cor. Sangamon and W. Indiana sts.;
MORELAND, Moreland; PARK SIDE ; TRINITY, Maplewood and Thompson.
Methodist Episcopal (Swedish) Churclies. The Methodist Episcopal (Swed-
ish) Churches of the city are located as follows: ATLANTIC STREET, Atlantic
aud Fifty-second sts.; ENGLEWOOD, Sixty-seventh at. and Stewart ave.; FIFTH
AVENUE, ne. cor. Thirty-third; FIRST, N. Market and Oak sts.; FOREST GLEN,
Jefferson; HUMBOLDT PARK, Fairfield Ave., near North ave.; LAKE VIEW,
Baxter st. and Noble ave.; MAY STREET, N. May St., between W. Ohio and
Erie sts.; PULLMAN, Arcade blvd., Pullman; SOUTH CHICAGO, South Chicago;
SWEDISH MISSION, Chicago ave., opposite Milton ave.
Presbyterian Churches. The Presbyterian Churches of, the city are
located as follows: BELDEN AVENUE, Beldenand Seminary aves. ; BETHANY,
HumboldtPark blvd., north of Humbnldt Park; CAMPBELL PARK, Leavitt st.
and Campbell Park; BROOKLINE, Brookline; CENTRAL PARK, W. Madison,
nw. cor. Sacramento ave., Occidental Hall; CHURCU OF THE COVENANT, se.
cor. Belden ave. and N. Halsted St.; EIGHTH CHURCH, nw. cor. Robey and
Washington blvd.; FIFTH CHURCH, Thirtieth st. and Indiana ave.; EMERALD
AVENUE, Emerald ave. and Sixty-seventh st. ; FIRST CHURCH OF ENGLEWOOD,
Sixty-fourth and Yale sts.; FIRST CHURCH, Indiana ave. and Twenty-first st.;
FIRST (German) CHURCH, Willow, cor. Orchard; FIRST (Scotch Church), 8.
Sangamon and W. Adams sts. ; FIRST (United Church), S. W. Paulina and W.
Monroe sts. ; FORTY-FIRST STHEET, Prairie ave. and Forty-first st. ; FOURTH,
Rush and Superior sts.; FULLERTON AVENUE, nw. cor. Larrabee st. and
Fullerton ave.; GRACE (colored), DEARBORN, s. of Thirty-fourth; HOLLAND,
Noble and W. Erie sts. ; HYDE PARK, Hyde Park; IMMANUEL, Archer ave. and
Thirty-first st. ; JEFFERSON PARK, W. Adams and Throop sts. ; LAKE, nw. cor.
Forty-second and Winter sts.; LAKE VIEW, Evanston ave. and Addison st. ;
MORKLAND, Fulton and W. Forty eighth sts.; NORMAL PARK, Sixty -ninth,
cor. Yale; PULLMAN, Pullman; RAILROAD CHAPEL, 1419 State st.; REUNION,
sw cor. Hastings st. and S. Ashland ave.; SECOND, Michigan ave. and Twen-
tieth st.; SIXTH, Vincennes and Oak aves.; SIXTIETH STREET, Sixtieth and
School sts.; SOUTH CHICAGO, South Chicago; TENTH, Forty-second, cor.
Winter; THIRD, S. Ashland and Ogden aves.; WESTMINSTER, 161 S. Peoria
st., cor. W. Jackson st.; WELSH, ne. cor. Sangamon and W. Monroe sts.;
WOODLAWN PARK, Woodlawn Park.
Presbyterian Missions. The missions conducted by the Presbyterians
are located as follows: BURR, se. cor. Twenty-third st. and Wentwonh ave.;
HOPE, Augusta St., near Western ave.; MOSELEY, 2539 Calumet ave.;
ONWARD, W. Indiana st. and Hoyne ave.; GROSS PARK, School, cor. Gross;
CHRIST CHAPEL, Center and Orchard sts.; WEST OHIO STREET, W. Ohio st.,
near Lawndale ave.;ELSTON AVENUE, Elstou ave., near Fullerton ave.;
ENGLEWOOD HEIGHTS, Eighty-ninth, cor. Page; ERIE CHAPEL, Erie, cor.
Noble; FIFTY-FIFTH STREET BRANCH, 566 Fifty-fifth st.; FOSTER, 173 S.
DesPlaines st. ; HEGEWISCH, S. Chicago ave., cor. 133d st. ; LARRABKE STREET,
Larrabee st., near Cly bourne ave.; MEDICAL, 2242 Wentworth ave.; COLORADO
AVENUE, Colorado ave., near W. Harrison; OLIVET, Larrabee, cor. Vedder;
208 GUIDE TO CHICAGO.
WENTWORTH AVENUE, Wentworth ave. , near Forty-third st. ; SOUTH CHI-
CAGO AVENUE, J cor. 100th. WEST CHICAGO AVENUE, Chicago ave., cor.
Lawndale. Services are held at all these Missions at 3 P. M. Sundays.
Presbyterian Church (United.) FIRST CHURCH, located at the corner of
W. Monroe and South Paulina sts.
Roman Catholic Churches. Archbishop of Chicago, Most Rev. Patrick A.
Feehan, D.D.; vicar -general, Very Rev. D. M. J. Dowling; chancellor and
secretary, Rev. P. J. Muldoon, 311 Superior st. The Roman Catholic
Churches of the city are located as follows: CATHEDBAL OP THE HOLT
NAME, Superior and N State sts.; ALL SAINTS' CHURCH, sw. cor. Twenty-'
fifth pi. and Wallace St.; CHAPEL OP OUR LADY OP MERCY, St. Paul's
Home; CHURCH OP NOTRE DAME, DE CHICAGO (French), Vernon Park pi.
and Sibley St.; CHURCH OP OUR LADY OP GOOD COUNSEL (Bohemian), West-
ern ave. and Cornelia St.; CHURCH OF OUR LADY OP MOUNT CARMEL, Welling^
ton and Beacher sts.; CHURCH OP OUR LADY OP SORROWS, 1406 W. Jackson
st ; CHURCH OP THE ANNUNCIATION, sw. cor. Wabansia ave. and N. Paulina
St.; CHURCH OP THE ASSUMPTION (Italian), Illinois st., near N. Market st.;
CHURCH OP THE BLESSED SACRAMENT, West Twenty-second street;
CHURCH OP THE HOLY ANGELS, 282 Oakwood blvd.; CHURCH OP THE HOLY
ANGELS, Hoyneave.; CHURCH OP THK HOLY FAMILY, May and W. Twelfth
sts.; CHURCH OP THE HOLY ROSARY, sw. cor. S. Park ave. and One Hundred
and Thirteenth st., Roseland; CHURCH OF THE IMMACULATE CONCEPTION, N.
Franklin st., north of Schiller st. ; CHURCH OP THE NATIVITY, Thirty-seventh
and Dashielsts.; CHURCH OP THE SACRED HEART, se. cor. W. Nineteenth
and Johnson sts.; CHURCH OP THE VISITATION, Fifty-first and Morgan sts.;
HOLY TRINITY (German), S. Lincoln and Taylor sts.; HOLY TRINITY (Polish),
Noble and Ingraham sts.; IMMACULATE CONCEPTION B. V. M. (German), 2944-
2946 Bonfield st., near Archer ave.; IMMACULATE CONCEPTION B. V. M.
(Polish), nw. cor. Eighty -eighth st. and Commercial ave.; ST. ALBERT'S
CHURCH (Polish). W. Seventeenth and Paulina sts.; ST. AGNES', S. Washte-
naw ave., near Thirty-eighth st. ; ST. ALOYSIUS' (German), Thompson and
Davis sts.; ST. ALPHONSUS' (German), Lincoln and Southport aves.; ST.
ANN'S, Fifty -fifih st. and Went worth ave.; ST. ANTHONY OP PADUA (German).
BO. cor. Twenty-fourth pi. and Hanover St.; ST. AUGUSTIN'S (German), Fifty-
first and Laflin sts.; ST. AUGUSTIN'S (colored), 2251 Indiana ave.; ST. BER-
NARD'S, Sixty-sixth st. and Stewart ave. ; ST. BERNARD'S CHURCH (French).
Brighton Park; ST. BONIFACE'S (German), Cornell and Noble sts. ; ST. BREN-
DON'S CHURCH, Sixty-seventh, cor. Bishop; ST. BRIDGET'S, Archer ave. and
Church pi.; ST. CASIMIR'S CHURCH (Polish), Twenty-second, cor. Little; ST.
CECELIA'S, Bristol st., near Wentworth ave.; ST. CHARLES BORROMEO'S,
87-91 Cypress st. ; ST. COLUMBAS' CHURCH, Mackinaw, south of 133d st.; ST.
BRIDGET'S, Archer ave. and Church pi.; ST. CECELIA'S, Bristol st.,
near Wentworth ave.; ST. CHARLES BORROMEO'S, 87-91 Cypress St.; ST.
COLUMBKILL'S, N. Paulina and W. Indiana sts. ; ST. ELIZABETH'S, ne. cor.
State and Forty-first sts.; ST. FRANCIS OP ASSISIUM (German), W. Twelfth
st. and Newberry ave.; ST. FRANCIS DE SALES, Ewing ave. and One Hundred
and Second st.; ST. FRANCIS XAVIER (German), Avondale; ST. GABRIEL'S, se.
cor. Wallace and Forty -fifth sts.; ST. GEORGE'S (German), 3915 Fifth ave.;
THE ENCYCLOPEDIA. 209
ST. HEDWIG'S (Polish), North side Kosciusco, bet. N. Hoyne ave. and St.
Hedwig st.; ST. JAMES', Wabash ave. and Thirtieth st.; ST. JARLATH'S, Her-
mitage ave. and W. Jackson st.; ST. JOHN'S, Eighteenth and Clark sts.; ST.
JOHN'S NEPOMUCENE'S (Bohemian), Twenty-fifth st. and Portland ave.; ST.
JOHN THE BAPTIST (French), Thirty third ct., near S. Wood st.; ST. JOSEPH'S
CHUUCH (French) Brighton Park ; ST. JOSEPH'S (German), N. Market and
Hill sts ; ST. JOSEPH'S (Polish), Forty-eighth and Paulina sts. ; ST. JOSA-
PHAT'S (Polish), nw. cor. Ward st. and Beldon ave.; ST. KEVIN'S CHURCH,
Cummings ; ST. LAWRENCE'S, Seventy-fifth St., near Brooks ave., Grand
Crossing ; ST. LEO'S, Wright st. and Schorling ave., Auburn Park ; ST.
Louis, Pullman ; ST. MALACHY'S Walnut st. and Western ave. ; ST. MARTIN'S
(German), Forty-ninth and School sts.; ST. MARY'S, Wabash ave. and Eld-
ridge ct. ; ST. MARY'S (German), Riverdale ; ST. MARY'S OP PERPETUAL
HELP (Polish), 901 Thirty-second St., near Ullman st.; ST. MATHIAS', Bow-
manville : ST. MAURITIUS' CHURCH, 36th, cor. Hoyne.; ST. MICHAEL'S (Ger-
man), Eugenie st. and Cleveland ave: ; ST. MONICA'S CHURCH, 2251 Indiana
ave.; ST. NICOLAS' CHURCH (German), 113th PI. cor. State;
ST. PATRICK'S, Commercial ave., near Ninety-fifth St., South Chicago;
ST. PATRICK'S, S. Desplaines and W. Adams sts.; ST. PAUL'S (German)
8. Hoyne ave. and Ambrose st. ; ST. PETER'S (German), Clark and Polk sts.;
SS. PETER AND PAUL, Ninety first st. and Exchange ave., South Chicago; St.
PHILIP'S, Park ave. and W. Forty-third St.; ST. Pius', se. cor. W. Nineteenth
st. and S. Ashland ave. ; ST. PROCOPIUS' (Bohemian), Allport and W. Eight-
eenth sts.; ST. ROSE OP LIMA, Ashland ave., neai Forty-eighth 8t.; ST.
STANISLAUS KOSTKA'S (Polish), Noble and Ingraham sts.; ST. STEPHEN'S,
N. Sangamon and W. Ohio sts.; ST. SYLVESTER'S, California and Shakespeare
aves.; ST. TERESA'S (German), Centre and Clyde sts.; ST. THOMAS', Fifty-
fifth st., Hyde Park.; ST. VIATEUR'S, Belmout and Crawford aves.; ST.
VINCENT DE PAUL'S, Webster ave. and Osgood st.; ST. VITUS, Paulina and
Van Horn sts.; ST. WENCESLAUS' (Bohemian), 173 De Kovcn st.
Swedenborgian (New Jerusalem) Churches. The Swedenborgian (New
Jerusalem) Churches of the city are located as follows : NEW CHURCH
TEMPLE, Van Buren st., east of Wabash ave.
Unitarian Churches. The Unitarian Churches of the city are located as
follows: ALL SOULS', Oakwood blvd., se. corner Langley ave.; UNITY, se.
cor. Walton pi. and Dearborn ave.
Universalist Churches. The Universalist Churches of the city are located
as follows : CHICAGO LAWN, Chicago Lawn ; CHURCH OP THE REDEEMER,
ne. cor. Robey st. and Warren ave.; ST. PAUL'S, Prairie ave. and Thirtieth
St.; ENGLEWOOD, Sixty-third St., Englewood ; RYDER, Woodlawn Park ;
THIRD, N. Clark, nr. Wellington ave. ; UNIVERSALIST MISSION, Fifty-fourth,
cor. State.
Miscellaneous Churches. Churches not mentioned above are located
as follows : DISCIPLES OF CHRIST, meet every 1st day at 10:30 A. M. and 7:30
P. M. at 23 and 25 Kendall St.; FIRST SOCIETY OF SPIRITUALISTS, meet at 55
y. Ada st., at 10:45 A. M. and 7:45 P. M., Sundays; GERMAN ADVENT, 272 and
274 Augusta st., services 10 A. M. and 7:30 p. M.; SCANDINAVIAN CHAPEL, 269
W. Erie St., services Saturday, 10 A. M.
210 GUIDE TO CHICAGO.
CITY RAILWAY SERVICE.
The City railway, or intramural service of Chicago, embraces horse-car,
cable, electric and elevated railroads. The great existing street-car compa-
nies operating horse and cable lines are the Chicago City Railway Company,
which operates the lines of the South Side; the West Chicago City Railway
Company, which operates the lines of the West Side, being practically the
owner of the Chicago Passenger Railway Company, which also operates
lines in that division of the city; and the North Chicago Street Railroad Com-
pany, which operates the lines of the North Side. The South Chicago City
Railway Company is an independent line. The West Chicago, North Chi-
cago and Chicago Passenger Railway Company are under one management,
Mr. Charles T. Yerkes being president. Chicago, according to the last cen-
sus, stand? third in length of street railways, as follows: Philadelphia, 283
miles; Boston, 201 miles; Chicago, 185 miles; New York, 177 miles. But
when we take miles of track, including sidings and switches, the ratio is
changed as follows: Chicago, 375 miles; New York, 3G9 miles; Boston, 329
miles; Philadelphia, 324 miles.
CHARACTER OF THE SERVICE. In view of all the surrounding circum-
stances, many of which have contributed toward making street car transpor-
tation in Chicago difficult, the service rendered the public by the different
street railway companies is unsurpassed in any city in the world. Yet in no
city in the country, probably, have street car companies been subjected to
more severe and unfair criticism. The basis of this criticism has usually
been a comparison with the lines operated in other and smaller places, and
in population centers where the conditions are entirely unlike those which
have to be contended with in Chicago. The West and North Side companies
have borne the brunt of the ill-natured and unreasonable abuse, which cer-
tain papers sent broadcast without as much as deigning intelligent inquiry as
to the causesof such public annoyance as has occurred. Especially is this
the case in the matter of stoppages and accidents of various kinds, all of
which have been susceptible of satisfactory explanation, and that without
the slightest reflection on the several managements, or the city. The climatic
difficulties, for instance, have not been the slightest of the causes, nor yet
the easiest to overcome in perfecting the several cable systems. We have
here the greatest extremes of heat and cold, the variations at times having
been as radical as 60 in twenty four hours. Common intelligence under-
stands at a glance that such a condition means the great contraction and
expansion of metals, and opens upa long line of impediments in the success-
ful operating of machinery exposed to the elements, to say nothing of the
effect on the slot rails of cable roads. These great extremes are not experi-
enced in cities like San Francisco, St. Louis, Cincinnati, or New York, yet
the critics seem to have forgotten this. In many of the cities, too, it is unusual
for a " grip " car to haul more than one trailer. But in Chicago the South,
North and West Side lines always draw two, and often three trailers, and con-
sequently much heavier loads than are carried in other places. Then, again,
nowhere else do the '' grips" run so close together as here, especially in the
early morning and evening hours when they are often not more than a quarter
of a minute apart. This, however, is only a mere taste of the exactions on
THE ENCYCLOPEDIA. 211
the West and North Side systems by eomparison, for while on most cable
roads the tracks are straight and run on a level, here they bend around blocks
in the formation of return "loops," and while on the " loops" climb steep
tunnel grades, and this when they are loaded the heaviest. For instance, the
West Madison street train coming east turns at Jefferson and Madison sts.,
at Jefferson and Washington (going into the tunnel beneath the river), at
Washington and Fifth ave. (having passed under the river), at Fifth ave. and
Madison, and at Madison and La Salle ; and going west, at LaSalle and Ran-
dolph, at Randolph and Fifth ave., at Fifth ave. and Washington, at Wash-
ington and Jefferson, and at Jefferson and Madison. The service of the
North Side cable is equally, if not more, exacting its loop being longer, its
curves shorter, and the engineering difficulties more complicated. In a word,
nowhere else are like demands made on cable roads, for while it is true that
other systems have " loops," it is also true that, from the nature of their
termini they are used as switches to haul empty cars around; then, again,
the further fact that the systems spoken of are the only ones in the country
that have tunnels as parts of their "loops" should not be lost sight of in
making comparisons. But, with it all, the service of these particular sys-
tems is simply marvelous in its regularity, and at the same time makes the
dream of rapid transit a reality. The cars are comfortable, the roads thor-
oughly equipped.
INCREASING TRAFFIC. The traffic on the street car lines and suburban
railways is increasing at an enormous rate annually. The street cars in all
divisions of the city are over-crowded almost constantly. The North, West
and South Side cars are all carrying more people than they were built to
carry, but still the number of passengersis increasing every day. The sub-
urban trains are all crowded. On the Illinois Central the same state of affairs
exists. That road has 108 trains every day to accommodate its suburban traf-
fic, and, although from five to twelve cars on each train, which run half an
hour apart, except in the early morning and evening hours, when there is an
interval of five minutes between trains, the seats are always filled, and often
people are standing as near together as possible, in every car. When a train
is a few minutes late the crowding is worse. The Northwestern and St. Paul
trains are also crowded, while the newer roads, which are just developing a
suburban region, can scarcely keep up with the tax upon their rolling stock.
PAY OF CABLE EMPLOYES. The conductors and gripmcn receive pay
according to the number of trips made. On the Cottage Grove line the runs
are numbered from 1 to 113 and on State st. from 1 to 111. In addition to the
force that runs these cars are sixty-five extra gripmen and conductors on the
Cottage Grove line and nearly an equal number on the State st. line. A
"regular" has his "run" as long as he can do his work. An "extra" goes
on only when one of the "regulars" is off, or when extra cars are put on.
Consequently all the employes desire to become regulars. On the Cottage
Grove line the conductors and gripmen receive forty-two cents for a round
trip from Thirty-ninth st. north, and sixty cents for a round trip over the
entire length of the line. On the State st. line the pay is forty and fifty-six
cents respectively. The average time required to make the trip from Thirty-
ninth st. is 115 minutes, which gives each conductor and gripman about $3.20
a day.
STEAM RAILROAD SERVICE. It should be borne in mind that in addition
to the street railways of this city it has a steam railroad service, in connec-
tion with the suburban lines of several of the great railroad companies, which
212 GUIDE TO CHICAGO.
adds immensely to the transportation facilities of the public between points
within the corporate limits. It is a well-known fact that the Illinois Central
riiilroad suburban trains carry more passengers than any other suburban line
in the world. The suburban trains of the company carried 15,000,000
passengers in 1890. Of this number fully four-fifths were passengers carried
between points within the city limits. The Chicago & North-Western; the
Chicago, Rock Island and Pacific; the Chicago, Burlington & Quincy; the
Chicago, Milwaukee & St. Paul; the Northern Pacific ; the Grand Trunk ;
the Eastern Illinois, and other railroad companiesdo a heavy suburban business.
Without the supplementary aid of these lines it would be impossible for the
existing lines of street railways to meet the demands of the public for transit.
Chicago City Raihoay Company. This is the company which operates the
South Side cable system. During the pasteighteen years the property has
grown from 22*^ miles of track to 152, and from 60 bobtail cars to 1,250
of the largest and best. Its revenue has increased from $600,000 a year to
nearly three and one-half millions; its patronage from 30,000 passengers a
day to 200,000; the speed of its cars from five miles an hour to an average of
ten miles an hour. The company has developed a cable system second to
none in the world in extent, efficiency, and public regard. During these
eighteen years not a single strike occurred among the employes of the com-
pany.
Business done in 1891. During 1891 the Chicago City Railway Company,
or as it is now familiarly known, the South Side Cable Line, carried 77,464,-
965 passengers, producing a revenue to the company of $3,873,198.27. Of
this $2,591,99599 was earned by the cable cars, and $1,281,202.28 by the
horse cars. The cost of operating the road was $2,534,315.66, leaving for
net earnings, $1,338,882.61. Out of this there was paid for dividends, $750.-
000.00; interest, $216,585.45; depreciation cable machinery and tracks, $43,-
091.53;total, $1,009,676.98; leaving balance to income account of $329,205.63.
The average earnings per day were $10,611.50; the percentage of expenses to
earnings was 65.43, a decrease of 1.42 over 1890. The cost of operating per
car per mile was cable, 9. 369 cents; horse, 23.334 cents; all lines, 13.055
cents. Number of miles run by cable, 14,357,050; horses, 5,096,560; all lines,
19,453,610. The expense per passenger was cable, 2. 60 cents; horse, 4.64
cent; all lines, 3.35 cents. During 1891 there was built 100 open cars, 100
grip cars, and 25 box cars, making the present equipment 600 box cars, 550
open cars and 322 grip cars. Commenced and unfinished 25 box cars and 50
open cars. One mile single track of horse line was laid during the year,
making cable track 34l||g miles, horse track 113fff$ miles; total, 148gV^
miles. Horses on hand Jan. 1, '91, 2,508; purchased, 346; 2,854: sold 193,
died, 112305; horses on hand Jan. 1, '92, 2,459. Capital stock, $7,000,000.
Bonds, 4% percent, $4,619,500.
The net earnings of the road for the last six years were as follows: 1886,
$619,253; 1887, $686,259; 1888, $683,338; 1889, $845,339; 1890, $1,'139,097;
1891, 1,338.882.61.
OFFICERS OF THE COMPANY. The following directors hold office for 1892:
L. Z. Leiter, D. K. Pearsons, Samuel D. Allerton, Erskine M. Phelps, James
C. King. William B. Walker and George H. Wheeler. Following are the
officers for 1892: George H. Wheeler, president ; James C. King, first vice-
president; Erskine M. Phelps, second vice-president ; T. C. Pennington,
treasurer ; F. A. Green, secretary, and M. K. Bowen, assistant superintend-
ent. The president, Mr. Wheeler, is practically the superintendent. This
road now carries passengers nine and one-half miles for. five cents.
o o
u U
w
THE ENCYCLOPEDIA. 213
North Chicago Street Railroad Company. Has an authorized capital of
$5,000,000. The capital stock is all issued in share sof $100 each and paid up.
The company was incorporated in 1886 under Illinois laws, and controls the
entire street surface system in the North Division of Chicago. The company
acquired title by the purchase of 2,501 shares of the capital stock of the
North Chicago City Railway Company, paying therefore $600 per share. The
total of shares was 5,000. The companies then entered into a mutual operat-
ing agreement whereby the new company, agreed to pay to the old company
$30 per share rental annually on the entire stock. The lesser company also
agreed to pay the principal and interest of the bonded indebtedness
of the old company and assume all other liabilities. Out of the $30
per share to be paid annually, for rental, $75,030, or the rental
on the 2,501 shares, reverts to the credit of the lesser company, the
owner of the shares. The issues of the new company and the issues
of the old company, which are guaranteed by the former, are as follows:
Capital stock, paid up, $5,000,000;'first mortgage 5 per cent, bonds (new
company), $2,350,000; first mortgage 4^ per cent, bonds (old company),
$500,000; second mortgage4% per cent. bonds(old company), $1,640, 000; capi-
tal stock old company leased at $35 per share, $249,900. The first mortgage
bondsof the Chicago Street Railway ($2,350,000) are for $500 each, bear 5 per
cent, interest and due in 1906. These are secured by a mortgage covering all
the property and franchises of the company, and the mortgage is held by the
Fidelity Insurance, Trust ?,nd Safe Deposit Company of Philadelphia; interest
payable January 1st and July 1st. The $500,000 first mortgage bonds bearing
interest at 6 per cent, of the North Chicago City Railway Company, mature
in 1900, interest payable January 1st and July 1st. The $1,640,000 second
mortgage bonds are issued by the North Chicago City Railway Company,
bear 4% per cent, interest, and are payable May 1st and November 1st at the
company's office. The $249,000 as capital stock of the old company only
leased to the new company at an annual rental of $35 per share. The annual
fixed charges are $117,000,bearing interest at 5 per cent. on the North Chicago
Street R. R. Co.'s first mortgage bonds, $2,350,000, interest at 6 per cent, on
North Chicago City R. R. Co. First mortgage bonds of $500,000 $30,000,
interest on $1,640,000 4% per cent. Second mortgage bonds of North Chicago
Street R. R. Co. $73,800, interest on $500,000 6 per cent. 5-20s certificates of
indebtedness, $30,000; rental of 2,499 shares ($30 per share) of North Chicago
City Railway Co. stock, $74,970, thus making a total of $326,270. Accounts
are made up each year to December 31st. The franchises of the company are
very valuable, and include the right-of-way on all the principal streets in the
North division, besides use of bridges and the tunnel. The company pays an
annual license fee to the city of $50 per car. The mileage of all the North
Side lines is over 80 miles. Part of the system is cabled.
OFFICERS OP THE COMPANY. Directors, C. T. Yerkes, W. D. Meeker.
W. L. Elkins, Charles Henrotin, C. A. Spring, Jr; president, C. T. Yerkes;
vice-president, W. F. Furbeck; treasurer and secretary, W. D. Meeker,
Office, 444 North Clark street. Registrar, Union National Bank. Stock trans-
ferred at company's office. Business done in 1891 : The earnings of the North
Chicago Railway Company for 1891 were $2,304,610.95; expenses, $1,221,-
408.11; net earnings, $1,083,202.84; fixed charges, $469,744.80; surplus,
$613,458.04; increase of earnings in 1891 over 1890, $329,856.70; increase in
expenses, $144,691.04; car mileage, 7,762,366; passengers carried, 44,343,905;
trips made, 1,227,853.
GLIDE TO CHICAGO.
West Chicago Street Railroad Company. This company operates under
lease the lines of the Chicago West Division Railroad company and the
Chicago Passenger Railway company. The capital stock of the West
Chicago Street Railroad company is $10,000,000.
BUSINESS DONE IN 1891. The gross receipts of this company for 1891
were $4,169,200.74, an increase over 1890 of $505,819.05 ; operating expenses.
$2,468,179.02; net income, $1,701,021.72, an increase of $240,407.86; appli-
cable to dividends, $868,680.12. or over 8.68 per cent, on the capital stock.
The miles run were 14,638,414, an increase of 2,422,511, which is equal to
increasing the service of the lines 19.83 per cent.
DESCRIPTION OP CABLE SYSTEM. The West Side system is the newest
and most elaborate in the city and second to none in the extent of its
resources, or the perfection of its general equipment, and for this reason
whatever is said in a descriptive way must naturally be confined to it. This
as well as the North Side road, it will be borne in mind, reaches the South
Side, or business center, by way of tunnels under the Chicago river. These
tunnels were built by the city, and prior to the companies in question
using them were mere holes in the ground, and represented the
waste of so much public money. President Yerkes, however, saw
how they could be utilized to abate the bridge nuisance, and
otherwise serve the people, and was quick to move in the matter of obtaining
their use. In consideration of the city allowing him to use the La Salle
Street tunnel he built and donated to the public two double steel steam
bridges across the river, one at Wells and the other at Clark street, at a cost
of over $300,000. The Washington street tunnel was in a far worse con-
dition when taken hold of in fact, it had been abandoned and before it
could be used had to be rebuilt at a cost of nearly $200,000. Both tunnels
are now totally unlike what they were a few years ago, and the public not
only recognizes the wisdom of their present use, but finds in them the aboli-
tion of the former waits at the swing bridges, which is worth additional
hundreds of thousands of dollars to the city every year. For the use of the
Washington street tunnel the Chicago Passenger Railway Company built a
new viaduct at Adams street, a new double steam bridge at the same point
and moved the Madison street bridge to Washington street, placing it upon
a new pier and abutments. The West Chicago Street Railway Company
for the franchise on Taylor street moved the Adams street bridge to Taylor
street, and placed it upon a new pier and abutments. Thus within a year
two important streets have been opened to through traffic.
THE MADISON STREET LINE. The West Side cable system consists of
two distinct lines the Madison street line, which runs directly west, and
the Milwaukee avenue line, which runs northwest. Both lines connect
with the down-town "loop" hereafter referred to, and in smoothness of
trackage and completeness of equipment are prepared to invite the most
rigid investigation and comparison. The power for the operation of the
system is supplied from three distinct power houses, all of which are
supplied with the best machinery and appliances that could be obtained.
The principal power-house is located at Madison and Rockwell streets,
being 210x225 feet. It contains two 1,200 horse-power engines, and one
of these is going night and day (moving the cars on Madison street), while
the other is held in reserve in case of an accident. The cable running west
to Fortieth street is driven at the rite of fourteen miles an hour, while
the one running east is driven ten and a half miles an hour; the speed of
THE ENCYCLOPEDIA. 215
either of them, however, can be increased at will. There is in addition a
Corliss engine to propel a loop rope in the power-house, by means of
which the cars can be reversed at Rockwell street, whenever it is necessary,
The power-house itself is a neat and attractive structure, lighted by
electricity, and surmounted by a smoke-stack 175 feet high.
THE MILWAUKEE AVENUE LINE. The Milwaukee avenue power-house,
located at the corner of Cleaver street, in outward appearance and general
equipment is very similar to the one on Madison street. It is sup-
plied with two Corliss engines of 1,200 horse-power each, which were
built by Fraser & Chalmers, of Chicago. These two engines operate the
entire Milwaukee avenue system, which extends from Jefferson and
Washington streets to Armitage avenue. The west rope is driven at
the rate of twelve miles an hour, while the east end rope is moved at
the rate of ten and one-half miles. As with the Madison street ropes, their
speed, however, can be increased or lessened at will.
THE TUNNEL LOOP. The third power-house is located at the coiner of
Jefferson and Washington streets, and is where the Company's offices are to
be found. This station is furnished with two one-thousanu horse-power Cor-
liss engines, which are used to operate the Washington street tunnel loop.
The cars of both the Madison street and Milwaukee avenue lines are deliv-
ered to the cable at this station, and by it they are drawn through the tunnel
and around the loop heretofore mentioned. The service of this particular
cable is very exacting. At times the heavily loaded trains are but a few
seconds apart, yet there is seldom, if ever, any cause for complaint, so perfect
are all the details and so elaborate the machinery and appliances. The dyna-
mos for lighting the tunnel are also located at this point, as is also the base of
an electric signal system which extends along the several cable lines. By this
system the conductor or gripman can communicate with the power-housefl
and offices at any time, which is an adjunct of alrrost incalculable advantage
in keeping the 'tracks clear and promptly stopping the machinery in case of
accidents from any cause.
THE NEW TUNNEL AND CABLE SERVICE. During 1891 the work on the
elegant new tunnel just north of Van Buren street has been pushed forward
as rapidly as such work can be properly done and during the present year it
will be opened for the sole use of the cars of this Company. It is much larger
than either of the other tunnels and is pronounced by engineers to be perfect.
This will be a grand thing for the people of the West Side, for then the
bridge nuisance will be practically overcome. The cable lines on Blue Island
avenue are now completed as far southwest as Twenty-sixth street, and on
Halsted street from Van Buren street toO'Neil street. These lines have been
substantially built, the steel girder rail used in its construction being heavier
than that used by any steam road, except about one hundred miles on the
New York Central, which is the same weight. The opening of these lines
during the present year will cause a boom in the south and southwest portions
of the city, as did the starting of the Madison street and Milwaukee avenue
lines in their vicinity.
NEW CARS AND EXTENSIONS. A great many new and elegant cars have
been added to the equipment of the road during '91. They will be further
increased during the present year. These cars are finer and larger than any
heretofore built, and the management deserves great credit for their enter-
prise. The windows are very large, and the cars are lighted by four chande-
lier lamps. The tracks have been extended on Twelfth Street from Kedzie
216 GUibE fO CHICAGO.
avenue west to Crawford avenue, and on North avenue from California
avenue to Crawford avenue. The Ogden avenue line has been extended
to Lawndale avenue. During the year the magnificent viaduct over the rail-
road tracks on Ogden avenue will be completed, when this will be one of
the finest lines in the city. The tracks on Taylor street have been laid from
Canal street over the bridge to Fifth avenue. The new Madison street
bridge has been swung, so that it will be seen that the West Side has not been
behind in the matter of improved service and accommodations. Ordinances
are now in the hands of the Council, which, if treated fairly, will secure for
the people of the West Division of the city the cross-town lines, which people
so badly need, and which the Company stand ready to build in fact the
material for this purpose is now on hand and the lines can be in operation
within six months from the passage of the ordinances.
AIDS TO PUOMPT SERVICE. Delays occasioned by heavily loaded wagons
breaking down on the tracks, or from fires is almost a thing of the past,
thanks to the service of the Company's wrecking wagon and fire wagon. The
former carries everything needed to remove a wrecked stone or coal wagon,
and the latter an iron " hose bridge " for raising the fire hose over the tracks
so that cars can pass underneath it.
NEW DESPLAINES STEET POWER HOUSE. This new addition to the cable
service of the West Side is now about completed and is perfect in every
respect. It is situated on Desplaines street, just north of Washington street,
and will be used to operate any new loop that may be put into service, and
also as a reserve in case of any accident to the plant now in use at the corner
of Washington and Jefferson streets. The new building is 25x153 feet, sur-
mounted by a smoke-stack 150 feet high. The foundations cover the entire
space occupied by the building. The building contains a 1,000 horse-power
Corliss engine, 3(5x72. Six upright boilers, 7 feet in diameter, 18 feet 10 inches
over all, each boiler containing 230 tubes 2% inches by 14 feet. This plant is
arranged to use oil as fuel in order to overcome the smoke nuisance. In fact
the management deserves credit for having gone to the expense of changing
all of its plants to use this fuel in order to assist in abating this evil.
OFFICERS OF THE COMPANY. The officers are : President, Mr. Chas. T.
Yerkes; Vice-President and General Manager, Jno. B. Parsons; Secretary and
Assistant General Manager, R. C. Crawford; Treasurer, Geo. E. Newlin.
TRACKAGE OF THF, COMPANY. During 1892 the company laid seven and
one-half miles of new track. Fifty miles of new track will probably be
laid during the present year, if the company and the city council come to an
understanding regarding rights of way, etc.
OFFICERS OF THE COMPANY. The officers are : President, Mr. 0. T.
Yerkes. Directors : C. T. Yerkes, W. L. Elkins, J. B. Parsons, R. C. Craw-
ford, David R. Fraser.
Other Lines Completed and Projected. The year 1891 will probably see
remarkable activity in the building of rapid transit lines of city railway.
Among the new lines completed, under way and projected, are the following:
CALUMET ELECTRIC ROAD. This line is but the beginning of an exten-
sive system to connect the various manufacturing and residence suburbs
which now lack proper communication with each other. It extends from
the South Chicago Rolling Mills by way of Eighty-ninth st., Mackinaw ave.,
Harbor ave., Ninety-third st. and Stony Island ave. to Ninety-fifth st. The
THE ENCYCLOPEDIA. *17
Rae system of propulsion by means of overhead wires is employed. It dif-
fers from the Sprague and the Thompson-Houston systems chiefly in hav-
ing a single motor for each car instead of two smaller ones. A speed of from
fifteen to twenty miles is attained with entire safety, as the road-bed is firm
and the cars are strongly built, weighing more than five tons each. The
curves and switches are guarded against accident by an automatic device of
which Mr. Loss is the inventor. At the power-house are engines of 125 horse-
power, capable of supplying the lines now in existence, that is the one opened
yesterday and another already built from Pullman to Cottage Grove ave. and
Eighty-seventh street. A connecting line has been opened from South Chicago
to the" Pullman line at Cottage Grove avenue and One Hundred and Fourth
street. As soon as practicable the system will be extended to One Hundred
and Fifteenth street, through One Hundred and Fifteenth St., Michigan
avenue, One Hundred and Eleventh street, and Vincennes road, around
Washington Heights and Morgan Park. Further extensions will probably
follow. The overhead system will be removed if an economical and other-
wise suitable storage battery appears. It is said that none at present
exists.
CAHETTE LINES. Operated by the Russell Street Carette Company. Office
of company, 148 S. Green street. Officers: A. W. Buokwood, president; W.
H. Cowles, secretary and general manager ; Edward Twitty, treasurer.
Organized July 19, 1889. This company operates carette lines over Madison,
Adama and Rush streets, from Ashland avenue to Lincoln Park. Number
of cars at present in the service, thirty-five; number of horses, three hundred.
The company expects to increase its equipment during the next three years to
two or three hundred cars. This is the only line that transports passengers
without change, between the West and North Sides of the city, covering a
portion of the South Side on the way. The Russell Carette is a more com-
fortable vehicle than any yet introduced to meet the demands of the public
for a conveyance which can be operated on streets without tracks. It is
much larger and moves much easier than the omnibus. It is provided with a
rear platform, which is as low and convenient for elderly persons as the
street car platform. A conductor as well as a driver accompanies every
carette and the general conduct of the vehicle is similar to that followed in the
management of the street car. The carette has the advantage of being able
to turn aside from its course to evade other vehicles, while it can pick up and
discharge its passengers at tb e curb line. Each carette will furnish seats com-
fortably for twenty persons -ten on each side and in addition there is a seat
in front for at least three persons, which is very popular. While the rear
platform affords standing room fora number of persons, each carette actually
seats twenty-three persons, yet they frequently carry from thirty to forty per-
sons at a time and have had as many as forty-seven passengers on a single
trip. The carettes are nicely upholstered, contain spring seats and backs
covered with Wilton carpet. The interior is finished with white, natural
woods, ash and cherry being used for doors, windows, frames, etc. All trim-
mings are of bronze.
CICERO AND PROVISO STREET RAILWAY COMPANY. The electric line oper-
ated by this company extends from the terminus of the W. Madison st. cable
line, W. Madison and Fortieth sts., to Oak Park. It will be extended further
west. The ride is a delightful one, passing as the line does through some of
the most beautiful of our western prairie suburbs. The principal suburbs
reached are Austin and Oak Park.
218 GUIDE TO CHICAGO.
Contracts have been let for the construction of extensions from Harlem
avenue, the present terminus, to the Desplaines river and on Desplaines avenue,
from Madison street south to Twelfth street. The road is to be double
tracked. The electrical equipment will be put in by the Edison General
Electric Company. The rolling stock for the road built at Pullman will con-
sist of twelve motor cars with twenty-five horse-power equipments to each
car, geared to rtfn from twenty to twenty-five miles per hour. These cars
will draw open trail cars. The new lines will be completed and in operation
by August 1st. The present road is succeeding beyond the expections of its
projectors and has had a wonderful effect upon the value of property along
its lines.
EQUITABLE TRANSPORTATION Co. A permit was recently issued in this
city for the construction of an " L"road in the old town of Lake, upon the
franchise guaranteed in 1889 to the Equitable Transportation Company. At
this writing there seems to be no doubt but that the road will be built within
the coming two years. The company has the right to build on Eighty-seventh
from State street to Western avenue. This is right along the line of active
growth in population, and is the territory for which the South Side alley L
road is supposed to be aiming by the ordinance for the right of way along
Vincennes avenue, asked for in the name of W. D. Chidester. It is also the
territory for which the lately organized north and south elevated road is aim-
ing. Thus there are three competitors for this territory, making it morally
certain that vast improvements in transportation facilities for this region are
soon to be had. The Equitable Transportation Company, by the liberal terms
of its ordinance, would seem to have the decided advantage. It is given the
right to erect telegraph, telephone, electric and pneumatic appliances on all its
various lines. These various lines, as provided in the ordinance, are :
1. State and Thirty-ninth streets to Halsted and Thirty-ninth; on Halsted south
to Vincennes or Summit avenue; southwest on either of these avenues to Eighty-sev-
enth street, and tin-nee to State and Eighty-seventh.
2. State and Thirty-ninth to State and Eighty-seventh streets.
3. State and Vincennes road to Summit avenue.
4. Forty-seventh street and Center avenue to Center avenue and Eighty-seventh
fctreet.
5. On Ashland avenue from Thirty-ninth to Eighty-seventh street.
6. On Western avenue from Thirty-ninth to Eighty seventh street.
7. On Wallace street from Thirty-ninth to Forty-.-econd and thence on Forty-sec-
ond to Halsted.
8. On Seventy-ninth street from State to Johnson avenue,
9. From State to Halsted on Forty-third street.
10 On Sixty-ninth from State to Johnson avenue 1 .
11. On Forty-seventh street from State to Johnson avenue.
12. On Johnson avenue from Thirty-ninth to Eight 1 , -seventh street.
13. On Ashland avenue from Thirty-ninth to Eighty-seventh street.
LAKE STUEKT ELEVATED RAILROAD. The superstructure of this
railroad was completed from Cana! street, along Lake street on the West
Side, very nearly to Union Park, in the spring of the last year. Its
course in the future is entirely unsettled, but the probabilities are that it
will have two branches, one extending toward the northwestern portion of the
city, the other extending to the southwestern, while the main stem will follow
the Hue of Lake street into Cicero, passing through the environs of Austin
and Oak Park. As far as completed the road is substantially built. It will
have a double track, and will be operated in a manner similar to the system
employed on the New York elevated roads. The question of securing a
South Side terminal that, is a starting-point on the south side of the city, or
THE ENCYCLOPEDIA. 219
in the business district, is not settled. There have been several propositions
regarding the establishment of a terminal east of the south branch of the
river, but all have been abandoned for the time being at least. The probable
route of the line through the business district is via the alley -ways parallel-
ing Lake street, from Market street east.
MILWAUKEE AVENUE ELEVATED ROAD. The Chicago Transit Company,
with a capital stock of $12,000,000, was granted articles of incorporation
last year by the Secretary of State. The incorporators are: J.M.Hannahs,
who is Vice-president of the Elevated road which expects to run up Mil-
waukee avenue; H. M. Taylor, and G. W. Stanford. The incorporators say
they intend to construct a road that will furnish rapid transit for the
North Side residents from some point on the river between State and Market
and to build their road on private property, which they will acquire by pur-
chase, lease, or condemnation to some portion of the city where the streets
are less crowded. The road will run from the Chicago River to Waukegan,
but it is probable it will be elevated only to Evanston, beyond it will be a
surface road. The motive power will be electricity.
NEW ELECTKIC ROAD. A new electric road has been projected for North
Side, Chicago. The proposed route is from Diversey avenue on Evanston
avenue to the Ridge road, along the Ridge road to Oakton avenue. At this
point a T will be formed by one lice running east to Calvary Cemetery and
another west, connecting the main line with the Montrose cut-off. The road
will open up for settlement an entirely new section of country, and be of
great benefit to South Evanston.
RANDOLPH STREET ELEVATED RAILROAD. The company which projected
this line, to penetrate the West Division from the heart of the city , via Randolph
St., has met with some obstacles in the courts, and its future movements are
uncertain.
SOUTH END ELECTRIC RAILWAY. A new corporation; capital, $100,000.
The plan is to connect the territory on the ridge with the Pullman electric
lines at One Hundred and Fifteenth, One Hundred and Eleventh, One
Hundred and Third, and Ninety-fifth streets, and also to connect at the
latter with the Calumet Electric street railroad for South Chicago. The
road will be one of the best in the country. The rails used will be of the
girder type, weighing seventy pounds to the yard. The electrical apparatus
is to be of the very best, involving some new features whereby all noise is
obviated and a high rate of speed can be maintained if necessary.
SOUTH SIDE ALLEY " L " ROAD. An elevated railroad running from Van
Buren street south to 39th over the alley between State street and Wabash
avenue and projected to the Indiana Stale line. The line up to this writing
is almost wholly completed between Van Buren and 39th streets. It will be
ready for rolling stock during the present summer. Nothing is definitely
known as to the course the main line or its branches may take after leaving
39th street. Various maps showing the course of the road have been pub-
lished, and some of them, perhaps, with authority, but they are all subject to
change. The company haying the project in hand was belayed in its opera-
tions during the year 1891 on account of a scarcity of funds, but toward the
close of the year named, $3,600,000 were raised and the work was pushed
rapidly forward. The equipments of the road will be first-class. Handsome
depot buildings at the street intersections have been erected. It is expected
2.20 GUIDE TO CHCAGO.
that the facilities afforded by this road will greatly relieve the strain whica is
now felt by the South Side Cable Car Company, while it will assist still
further in developing the territory lying south of 39th street. It is under-
stood that the alley elevated railroad will not extent north of Van Bureu
street for some time, if ever. Mr. L. Z. Leiter, it is said, is heavily interested
in the enterprise now and probably will control it in the future. It will be a
part of his plan, if so, to locate the northern terminal of the line at Van Buren
street in the vicinity of his great building and in a locality where he has
immense property interests. It is the deteimination of Mr. Ltiter and cithers
associated with him to establish in that vicinity the business center which the
erection of the Auditorum rendered certain some years ago. Mr. Leiler, it
is well known, is a large stock-holder in the Chicago City Railway Company
(the South S.de cable line). He is also interested in the North Side Company.
The West Division Railway Company will have completed the construction
of a tunnel at the close of the present jear at Van Buren street, and the Norih
Side road is credited with the intention of extending its cable line to the Polk
Street depot, and the South bide Company, as is well understood, co operates
with the Alley Elevated Road. Everything in the way of rapid transporta-
tion turns toward Van Buren street as a center and the determination has
been expressed frequently among capitalists capable of carrying it out that
Van Buren street shall be an artery of trade second to none in the city. There
are some projects for the construction of arcades from State street acioss to
3d avenue, to connect the new business center with the old quarter, around
the Board of Trade, and south of that point. One of these is a scheme for a
connection from a point near the head of Congress street. The exact
method of forming a convenient terminus for the Alley Elevated road has
not been decided upon, but it will be a loop or a stub, the effect of which will
be to discharge passengers in large numbers at Congress and Van Buren
streets, mainly, no doubt, on the former. The Alley Elevated Railroad can
never be a completed line until it shall have at least penetrated the Jackson
Park district. It is understood that every effort will be put forth in that
direction so that the line will be in full operation before the opening of the
World's Columbian Exposition in the spring of 1893.
Wabash Avenue Sub-Railway Transportation Company. Articles of incor-
p .ration of the Wabash Avenue Sub-Railway Transportation were filed early
in 1891. According to the articles it is proposed to build a sub-railway com-
mencing at a point at the north line of the Chicago River, at the south end of
Cass street, in the city of Chicago, thence running south under the center
line of Wabash avenue to Eighty-first street. The capital stock is $10,000,-
000. The iucorporators and first board of directors are George W. Cole,
Maria E. Beasley, J. Warren Pease, Silas Rhodes and Pleasant Amick. The
electric overhead system will be used.
CLUBS ATHLETIC, SPORTING, ETC.
Athletic Club Houses. Amo*ng the leading athletic club houses of the city
are: The new home of the Chicago Athletic Association, on Michigan ave.,
between Madison and Monroe; the Fairaput Club House; the Illinois Cycling
Club House, 1068 Washington Bd.; the Lincoln Club, No. 1, Park ave.; the
Chicago Cricket Club, Parkside, the Englewood Club, and the Oak Park
Cycling Club House now being built at the coiner of Oakwood Bd. and
Prairie ave.
[Engraved for The Standard Guide Company.]
AREND'S DRUG STORE -MADISON ST. AND FIFTH AVE.
[See "Guide."]
THE ENCYCLOPEDIA. 221
Base Ball Clubs. In 1891 there wps one professional base ball club in this
city, under the managtment of the National League. There are two base ball
grounds, one on the West Side and one on the South Side. Van Buren street
horse ears reach he former; State street cable cars and L. S. & M. S. Railway
the latter. " The Chicago Ball Club " office, 108 Madison street; president,
James A. Hart; secretary, F. H. Andrus; treasurer, John A. Brown. " Chi-
cago City Base Ball League " comprises eight clubs. Offices, 108 Madison
street and 145 Monroe street; president, James C. Moodey, vice-president,
Virgil M. Brand;" secretary, Ferd Wirtz; treasurer, John S. Burke; mana-
ger, Frank Rheims. PARKS North: Halsted street and North avenue; take
C. M. & St. P. train (Evanston Division) or North Halsted street horse car.
South: Thirty ninth street and Wentworth avenue; take Wabash avenue cable
car. Went: Ogden avenue and Rockwell street; take Ogden avenue horse car.
WESTERN ASSOCIATION OP BASE BALL CLUBS Meets at 108 Madison street;
president, L. C. Kransthoff , Kansas City, Mo.
Boat and Yacht Clubs. CATLIN BOAT CLUB, Lake shore, foot of Pearson.
President, Charles Catlin; secretary and treasurer, T. P. Hillinan. CHICAGO
CANOE CLUB A boating organization of the South Side; member of the West-
ern Canoe Association; boat house foot of Thirty-seventh st. C. W. Lee,
purser. CHICAGO YACHT CLUB Commodore, A. J. Fisher; secretary, Harry
Duvall, 655 Rookery building; treasurer, F. W. S Brawley. COUNTESS YACHT
CLUB Room 25, 6, Sherman. President, Sidney W. Woodbury; treasurer, E.
W. Heinck. EVANSTON BOAT CLUB Located on Sheridan road (Lake Shore
drive) in the suburb of Evanston. Take train at Wells street depot, Wells apd
Kinzie sts., North Side, or at Union depot, Canal and Adams sts., West Side.
Officers: Frank Winne, president; George Lunt, vice-president; E. G. Angle,
secretary; J. B. Ide, treasurer, and James Judd, captain. The club house is
an elegant one, and it is the center of the social life of the younger portion of
Evanston's society. Among the events looked forward to with pleasurable
anticipations by Evanston people is the annual regatta given by the club.
Rowing has become a popular amusement with the youngpeople of the town.
Many ladies have become experts, and almost any fine day their barks can be
seen skimming the surface of the lake. FARRAGUT BOAT CLUB Located at
3016 and 3018 Lake Park ave. Take Cottage Grove avenue cable line.
Organized in 1872. Occupiosa handsome brick building, two stories and base-
ment. In the basement are the bowling alley, pool room and lavatories; on the
first floor are the parlors, reception room, billiard room, card room and library.
On the second floor are a dancing hall and theatre, with equipment of scenery,
etc., and seating capacity of 400. A seriesof entertainments are given during
the winter seasons. The boat house of the club is a one-story brick building
on the south snore, foot of Thirty -third st. The club owns about twenty five
boats, including an eight-oared barge, four-oared shells, four-oared gigs,
single and double shells, single and double training-boats and pleasure boats
of all descriptions. Admission fee, $50; annual dues, $24. Officers: president,
C. F. Bryant; secretary, E. M. Shinner; treasurer, Frank M. Staples; captain,
E. 8. Hunter. FARRAGUT NAVAL ASSOCIATION op CHICAGO Meets third
Thursdays. Commodore, J. J. Sullivan ; executive officer, C. B.
Plattenberg ; paymaster, Thomas L. Johnson ; secretary, William S.
Kaufman. LINCOLN PARK YACHT CLUB Organized in 1890. Officers:
Commodore, James J. Wilson; vice-commodore, S. S. Johnson; rear
222 GUIDE TO CHCAGO.
commodore, A. E. Back; treasurer, H/ A. Paus; secretary, C. O. Andrews;
committee on membership, E C. Benniman, D. D. Button, C. Johnson. The
club consists in the main of those yachtmen, who, during the last season, kept
their craft in the new slip at Lincoln Park inside of the new drive that is being
constructed along the old Lake-Shore drive, several hundred feet out in the
lake. This new slip is the only place around Chicago that can be called a
yacht harbor, and, although not completed and not as handy as might be,
owing to the continuance of the work on the drive, was used last season by
about ten or a dozen yachts as permanent shelter. The owners of these yachts
have noworganized as a club for co-operation in matters concerning yacht in;.',
for economy and safety in taking care of the boats, and in order to be able to
look after their interests in submitting suggestions or requests to the Park
Commissioners with reference to the new drive and the harbor it encloses.
OGDEN BOAT CLUB Lake Shore, foot of Superior. President, J. V. Clarke,
Jr.; secretary, J. D. Caidwell; treasurer, J. B. Waldo; captain, W. R. Cregier.
Chicago Athletic Association. The idea of organizing the above associa-
tion and building for it a suitable home originated with one or two of the
present members in January, 1889. Object of the association : to encourage
all manly sports and promote physical culture. Present number of members,
1,500, including many of the li-ading business and professional men of the
city. Location of new gymnasium building, Michigan-avenue, between Mad-
ison and Monroe, facing east, only a short walk from the business center.
This magnificent home for the Chicago Athletic Association was begun in
February of the past year. The new building contains the largest and best-
equipped athletic club house in the United States, and cost $500,000. The
ground upon which it stands measures 80x172 feet. The building is of a sub-
stantial character, with.a front of yellowish brick and gray stone in Venetian
style, with tall, diamond-cut windows covering the fourth and fifth floors,
which are thrown into one so as to give ample height to the gymnasium. The
eighth story has balconies large enough to set tables and chairs upon for those
who want to enjoy the fresh air and the prospect upon Lake Michigan. That
floor is us(d for the dining rooms. The ninth and tenth stories have no win-
dows, being lighted by skylights, as they are set apart for the ball courts.
The basement contains eight bowling alleys, reaching under the sidewalk ; a
shooting gallery, running the whole depth of the building ; a bicycle storage
room, with lockers, and connected by an incline with the bicycle club
room on the first floor ; large storage and repair rooms and the boilers
and machinery. The first story is reached by a spacious vestibule in
the center of the front, with the business office and reception and
coat rooms on either side. A large hall at the top of the steps opens
into the lavatory, barber shop and dressing rooms, back of which are the
Turkish and Russian baths, a swimming tank measuring 40xGO feet, and a
lounging room. Another door leads from the hall to the bicycle club room,
which has a separate entrance from the street to admit wheelmen and their
machines, the object being to make it convenient for bicyclists to ride up to
the door of the building, store their machines, put on their business suits
and leave their wheels there during the day. The second story consists of a
large hall in front, with a cafe at the south end, separated by a colonnade,
and a billiard room with twenty-six tables. Between the two main rooms
are small apartments for the billiard markers and lavatory and serving room.
The third floor contains a library and reading room at the southeast end.
THE ENCYCLOPEDIA. 223
with two club rooms adjoining, lavatory, drying room, linen room and office.
The rear half is given up to thirty-seven baths, with 1,500 lockers and 106
dressing rooms. The gymnasium occupies the fourth and fifth stories.
Three rooms are used for special apparatus, leaving for the gymnasium
proper a larger space than is given to any other similar institution in the
country. The running track is on a balcony at the height of the fifth story,
so as not to interfere with the work of gymnasts. The length of the track
is ten laps to the mile. The sixth and seventh stories are occupied by bed-
rooms, sixty-six in" number, with the necessary baths and other requisites.
The eighth story is taken up by dining rooms, there being one large general
dining room and several private rooms, with the store rooms, kitchen, etc.,
in the rear. The balconies on this floor can be used by dinner parties. The
ninth and tenth stories are thrown into one and contain two racquet courts, a
tennis court and five courts with a parlor and marker's rooms. Everything
is finished with more regard to substantiality than elegance. The baths are
finished with tile and marble, nickel-plated pipes, etc., in the most durable
manner. The lounging room on the first floor has two fire-places and a col-
onnade opening into the swimming-tank. It is furnished with comfortable
chairs, divans and lounges. Each of the dressing rooms has a lounge and
is comfortably fitted up. Membership limited to 2,000. The initiation fee is
$100 for active members and $50 for non-resident members, with annual dues
of $40 and $20 respectively.
The government of the association is vested exclusively in a board known
as t be " board of governors." This consists of twenty -one members chosen
by ballot and the gentlemen now constituting the board are : C. L. Hutchin-
son, president; N. B. Ream, vice-president; James S. Gibbs, treasurer; R. C.
Nickerson, secretary; Joseph Adams, (Jhas. Schwartz, Warren M. Salisbury;
B. B. Lamb, M. C. Lightner, Henry Ives Cobb, N. K. Fairbank, Eugene S.
Pike, A. G. Hpulding, W. Vernon Booth, Egbert Jamieson, Joseph T. Bowen
Cyrus II. McCormick, H, P. Crane, Wm. H. Hubbard, W. S. McCrea. This
board has full and absolute power over all the property of the association and
complete management of it. It has also special powers calculated to regulate
the life of the club-house. That its management thus far has been wise and
salutary for the association is the conviction of all connected with it.
Chicago Curling Club. Curling was introduced into Chicago in 1854.
At the start the Chicago Club was composed exclusively of Scotchmen, but
since that time it has grown and extended its membership, including several
Americans and members of other nationalities. Meets at 83 Madison st.
The present officers of the club are: President, David Hogg; vice-
president, James McWhirter; secretary, James Duncan; treasurer;
Alexander White; representative to the Grand National Curling
Club, James White; committee of management, John Campbell,
James Ralston, Dtniel McKay, Richard Pritchard and Robert
McWhirter; honorary members, James Alston, Andrew Wallace, Robert
Clark and Alexander Kirkland; regular members, John Angus, John Camp-
bell, James Duncan, Frank Grady, David Hogg, Robert C. Harper, Alex-
ander D. Hannah, James B. Hill, E. W. Kibbie, Walter Keeran, William
Manson, Frank Manson, Daniel Manson, John McArthur, Daniel McKay,
James McWhirter, George Hoffman, Thomas Nicholson, John Pettigrew,
Richard Pritchard, John T. Raffen, James R'Uston.Georce Wood, Alexander
224 GUIDE TO CHICAGO.
White, Alexander Watson, G.Barron, E.Hall, Archibald Savage andG. Ham-
mond. Under the rules of the National Curling Club the club members are not
allowed to play matches for money, as from the very beginning every effort
has been maile to keep the game pure and free even from the semblance of
gambling. The rules do not prohibit games between members, however, for
some trophy. The rule in the Chicago Club has been to play matches for
certain amounts of money, the winners to donate the spoils to some charity.
Chicago Fencing and Boxiivj Club. Organized 1890. Club rooms, 106
E. Randolph street. The objectof the organization -was to increase the interest
in local amateur athletic circles. Officers: President, T. W. Sprague; first
vice-president, C. H. Chamberlain; second vice-president, F. E. Willard;
secretary, F. H. Wightman; treasurer, C. R. Calhoun; captain, Otto Hassel;
first lieutenant, C. T. Essig; second lieutenant, J. P. Keary. The instructor
in boxing is Prof . George Siler, one of the oldest and best known boxers in
America. The club gives frequent public exhibitions. UNION ATHLETIC
CLUB President, J. F. Cook. Meets at 200 Adams street. CHICAGO ATH-
LETIC PLEASURE CLUB Officers: G. S. Smallwood, president and manager;
P. Mahouey, vice-president; J. Dullaghan, Jr., secretary, and W. D. Fenner,
treasurer.
Cricket Clubs. CHICAGO CRICKET ASSOCIATION Annual meeting 1st Tues-
day in April at Grand Pacific. Officers: President, W. P. Griswold; first
vice-president, F. Wilde; second vice-president, H. A. Watson; secretary,
E. J.Tomlins,238 Randolph st. CHICAGO CRICKET CLUB (incorporated) Meets
room 5, 170 State. ST. GEORGE CRICKET CLUB Secretary , W. Lovegrove,
710 N. Wells. WANDERERS' CRICKET AND ATHLETIC CLUB One of the fore-
most athletic clubs of Chicago. Composed of cricketers, sprinters, rowers, etc.
CycUnrj Clubs. Among the cycling organizations of Chicago are the
following BICYCLE CLUBS' ASSOCIATION, composed of the wheelmen of the
various clubs of the city. The objects of this association are to secure
harmonious and concerted action in all matters of general interest to wheel-
men in Chicago and vicinity, particularly in such matters as municipal legis-
lation, improvements of streets and roads, the prevention of the theft of
wheels, to spread a knowledge of the rights, duties and privileges of wheel-
men, to promote road and track racing, to foster fraternal club intercourse
and, as far as possible, to aid the state and national organizations of the
League of American Wheelmen. The delegates and the cycling clubs repre-
sented by them are as follows: CHICAGO CYCLING CLUB S. A. "Miles, L. B.
Sherman andM. A. Hosgood. ILLINOIS CYCLING CLUB T. L. Sloan, A. J.
Street and W. A. Davis. LINCOLN CYCLING CLUB William Herrick, J. M.
Irwiu and R. G. Betts. WASHINGTON CYCLING CLUB L. W. Conkling, B. B.
Ayresand Frank Barrow. DOUGLAS CYCLING CLUB C. H. Wachter, J. C.
Wachterand A. W. Miller. ^EOLUS CYCLING CLUB J. A. Erickson, R. H.
Ehret and A. W. Roth. OAK PARK CYCLING CLUB C. A. Sturtevant, C. E.
Fox~ and A. T. Merrick. ENGLEWOOD CYCLING CLUB H. A. Stoddard, F.
H. Gere and R. Rees. LAKE VIEW CYCLING CLUB LeRoy Cram, E. C.
Wescott and E. L. Ward. VIKINGS BICYCLE CLUB Carl Dietrich, F. A.
Kern and H. Behrens. The association controls 1,500 political votes and
will support candidates favorable to wheelmen and wheeling. AMERICAN
CYCLING CLUB President, C. W. Patterson; secretary, H. M. Kimball.
THE ENCYCLOPEDIA. 225
CHICAGO CYCLING CLUB Club house located at Lake ave. and Fifty-seventh
St., Hvde Park Centre. Take Illinois Central train, foot of Randolph or
Van Buren St., or Cottage Grove avenue cable line. This is one of the
largest cycling organizations in the country. Its membership consists of
about 300 wheelmen, from all parts of the South Side, their runs being on
the beautiful boulevards and avenues of the South Park system. President,
C. E. Randall; treasurer, R. Powell; secretary, Qeo. Kretsinger. COOK
COUNTY WHEELMEN An off-shoot of the Washington Cycling Club, recently
organized. Officers: C. E. Graham, president; A. B. McLean, Jr., vice-
president; G. Howard Cornell, secretary; W. E. Brooks, Jr., treasurer; E. C.
W. Macholdt and C. H. Hinson, directors; W. u. Whitson, captain; RobertC.
Craigie, first lieutenant; Bert Salvage, second lieutenant; C. G. Sinsabaugh,
third lieutenant; A. L. Holtslander, color-bearer; F. A. Beach, bugler.
DOUGLAS CYCLING CLUB A large organization of wheelmen. Officers:
J. C. VVachter, president; C. Kopi, vice-president-. Fred Maack. secretary;
J. G. Loebstein, Jr., financial" secretary; Ed Blettner, treasurer; A. W.
Miller, captain; H. B. Walker, William Slavik, board of directors; C. H.
Wachter, A. A. Wendell, surgeons. Club house, 586 W. Taylor st.
ILLINOIS CYCLING CLUB Located at 1068 Washington blvd., just west of the
railroad crossing, south side of street. Take Madison street cable line to
Campbell ave. The building is a four-story brick, built expressly for the
club, and is arranged for the convenience and comfort of cyclers. The
interior is elegantly furnished. There are billiard-rooms, card-rooms, recep-
tion parlors, etc. The club has a large membership. The officers are:
President, T. L. Sloan; vrce president, H. C. Knisely; secretary, W. A.
Davis; treasurer, George A. Mason; directors, C. R. Street, John Hohmann,
H. L. Barnum; captain, E. J. Roberts; first lieutenant, Charles Hagaman;
second lieutenant, H. E. Krause; third lieutenant, H. G. Chisholm; fourth
lieutenant; George Skeer; color-bearer, John Palmer; bugler. S. C. Beach;
librarian, H. J. Winn; quartermaster, C. H. Stevens. LAKE VIEW CYCLING
CLUB Located at Lake View, Chicago. Officers: President, C. Edgar
Wescott; vice-president, LeRoy T. Cram; secretary, Robert E. Ward;
treasurer, Harry Parsons; captain, F. R. McDonald; lieutenant, C. Arnold
Wescott; color-bearer, Irving Telling. The four executive officers and
captain comprise the board of directors. LINCOLN CYCLING CLUB 235
La Salle ave. President, T. W. Gerould; secretary, W. F. Hochkirk. OAK
PARK CYCLING CLUB Located at Oak Park, a suburb of Chicago; has a large
membership. Following are the officers: President, C. A. Sturtevant ; vice-
president, Thomas H. Gale; secretary, Ed Burin gton; treasurer, R. T.
Miller; board of directors, J. M. Stimpson. Dr. De Vour, Harry Pebbles;
captain, J.' M. Stimpson; first lieutenant, O. L. Cox; second lieutenant,
Charles Steiners; color-bearer, James C. Carter; quartermaster, C. O. Lud-
Jow: bugler, A. T. Starkweather; delegates to associated cycling clubs, J. M.
Stimpson, C. A. Sturtevant, C. E. Fox. WASHINGTON CYCLING CLUB 650
W. Adams. President, Burton i ? . White; secretary, Alberf J.Elliott; treasurer,
Frank Barron.
Hand Ball Courts. There are a number of hand ball courts or "alleys"
in Chicago, the best being McGurn's, located on Division st. , North Side.
Take Division st. car. Among the leading hand ball plavers of the city are
Thomas E. Barrett, John T. McGurn, Peter O'Brien. Mart Scanlan, Hugh
O'Brien, William McGurn, Dennis Cronin, John Nagle, Captain James.
226 GUIDE TO CHICAGO.
Pumphry, of the fire department ; Marshal Campion, David Gushing, John
Healey, Charles Dolan, Catcher Buckley, of theNational League; John Car-
mody, Captain John Hall, of the fire department; ex-Alderman James O'Brien,
Hugh Harrity, Con Dwyer, Thomas Loftus, John McDonough, Joseph Mc-
Laughlin, Thomas McCormack and John Coleman.
Horse Associations. AMERICAN HORSE SHOW ASSOCIATION 182 Monroe.
President, H. J. McFarland; secretary, Hobart C. Taylor; treasurer, E. S.
Brewster; general manager, E. C. Lewis. CENTRAL PARK DRIVING ASSOCIA-
TION President and treasurer, J. T. Rawleigh; secretary, W. H. Kane, 173 La
Salle. [See Washington Park Club.]
Hunting, Fishing and Gun Clubs. AUDTTBON CLUB Meets second Tues-
day in each quarter at Kern's, 110 La Salle. President, Chas. Kern; secre-
tary and treasurer, William W. Foss. CHICAGO CUMBERLAND GUN CLT:P,
Organized in 1881. Located in Lake county, 111. Itsdub house and grounds
were formerly the property of the sons of an English nobleman. Lord Parker,
and cost th-at gentleman about $60,000. It is one of the finest pieces of hunt
ing club property in the country. Fifty miles from the city, equipped superbly
for all purposes of this character, invaluable as a hunting ground for feathered
game, in a healthful locality, the Cumberland's quarters in Lake county offer
a permanent temptation t) the sportsmen of the club. The officers -for the
first year were these : President. John M. Smyth ; vice-president. Frederick
B. Norcom; secretary, Charles K. Herrick; treasurer, John .Heiland ; board
of managers, Stephen Rymal, Charles D. Gammon, Mictael Eich. The
officers for the present year are: President, H. I). Nichols; vice-president,
James Gardner; secretary, William L. Shepard; treasurer, John Heiland.
Board of managers, Harry D. Nicholls, Charles D. Gammon, Walter Mat-
tocks. CUMBERLAND GUN CLUB Meets at Sherman House. President,
Chas. K. Herrick; treasurer, J. Heiland ; secretary, W. L Shepard, 164 La
Salle. CHICAGO RIFLE CLUB President, S. M. Tyrrell ; secretary and treas-
urer, W. H. Chenoweth, 76 West Monroe. CHICAGO SHAKPSHOOTERS' ASSO-
CIATION Meets first Monday at 49 La Salle st. President, E Thielepappe;
secretary, Orcas Matthae; treasurer, W. Burck. CHICAGO SHOOTING CLUB
Meets at Sherman House club room. President, R. B. Organ ; secretary
and treasurer, John Matter. DIANA HUNTING CLUB Clubhouse at Thayer,
Ind. President, J. Press; secretary, J. A. Kreutzberg. ENGLISH LAKE
HUNTING AND FISHING CLUB Located at English Lake, Indiana. The club
was organized by a number of Chicago gentlemen in 1878 and has prospered
since its birth. It is not a regularly incorporated body, but is very-wealthy
notwithstanding, and its club house is one of the best and most comfortably
equipped in the State. The house is a fine frame structure of twenty rooms,
and surrounding it are 6,000 acres of marsh-lands. These are the property
of the club and abound in duck, snipe, prairie chicken and geese. The
members of the English Lake Club who find pleasure in angling are
furnished with excellent opportunities in the lake. Among the game fish
in its waters are bass, pickerel and pike. Officers: A. M. Fuller, president;
J. M. Adams, vice-president ; R. W. Hosmer, treasurer, and A. W. Cobb,
secretary. CHICAGO FLY CASTING CLUB Meets at Sherman House. Presi-
dent, A. H. Harryman; W. H. Babcock, vice-president; C. E. Kenyon, secre-
tary and treasurer. Fox LAKE SHOOTING AND FISHING CLUB Meets at theTre-
THE ENCYCLOPEDIA. 227
mont House. President, A. V. Hartwell; secretary, G. M. Millard. 117
Wabash avenue; treasurer, W. D. Cooper. Fox RIVER FISH AND GAME
ASSOCIATION An association for the preservation of fish and game in the
Fox rive* district. President, George E. Cole; directors, H. L. Hirtz,
C. A. Knight. John Stephens, C. F. Hills, George -E. Cole, John Wilkin-
son, L. M. Hamburgher, George R. Davis, O. J. Weidener and James
Gardner. FORT DEARBORN SHOOTING CLUB President, H. D. Nichols-;
A. Klineman, vice-president; C. K. Herrick, secretary and treasurer.
GRAND CALUMET HEIGHTS CLUB President, W. L. Pierce; secretary,
G. E. Marshall; meets quarterly at the Sherman House. LAKE GEORGE
SPORTSMAN'S ASSOCIATION Meets second Thursdays in each quarter at Sher-
man House. President, Jas.W. Sheahan; secretary, J. S. Orvis. LAKE VIEW
RIFLE CLUB Meets Saturdays at 2 p. M. , at Rifle Range. Colebour. President,
N. S. Warren; secretary, W. W. Holden. MAK-SAW-BA SHOOTING CLUB
Meets at Sherman House; club house at Davis Station, Ind. President, T.
Benton Leiter; vice-president, L. R. Brown; secretary, W. R. Smith. MIN-
NEOLA FISHING CLUB Club House at Fox Lake, 111. President, O. H. Roche;
secretary and treasurer, J. G. Divenn. MISSISSIPPI VALLEY AMATEUR ROW-
ING ASSOCIATION President, W. R. Moore, Moline, 111.; secretary, D. R.
Martin, Pullman, 111. ; NORTH CHICAGO SCHUETZEN VEREIN Meets second
Tuesdays at 267 North avenue. President, F. W. Labahn; secretary, H. R.
Zemple, 244 North avenue. SPORTSMAN'S CLUB Meets third Thursday in
each quarter at Sherman House. President, C. N. Holdeu; vice-president,
Charles Hadwen; secretary and treasurer, A. W. Carlisle, 1001 Rookery
building. THE GUN CLUB Meets at Sherman House. President, F. C. Don-
ald; secretary and treasurer, C. E. Willard. TOLLESTON CLUB Club grounds
near Tolleston, Lake county, Ind.; composed of Chicago business men of
sporting taste. One of the wealthiest clubs in the United States. The club
was originally organized in 1871 by a number of Chicago gentlemen, who had
for years resorted to the marshes of the Calumet, near Tolleston, in Lake
county, Ind., for the purpose of shooting the duck and chicken for which
these marshes are noted. They called tue organization " Tolleston Club"
simply and purchased sixty acres of land close to the marshes and known as
Van der Naillen farm. On this land, which is somewhat elevated, arose the
first Tolleston clubhouse. The house has of late years been vastly improved
and enlarged, until now it possesses every comfort. Twenty-two large rooms
are finely furnished and nothing is wanting to make the quarters worthy of
the tenants, among whom are numbered a hundred or more of Chicago's
wealthiest citizens. The officers of the club are: President, F. A. Howe;
vice-president, W. R. Linn; secretary, George P. Wells; treasurer, C. D.
Peacock; board of directors, C. C. Moeller, James Wright, P Schuttler,
J. N. Grouse, S. M. Moore; superintendent of club house, Willard West.
UNION SHOOTING AND FISHING CLUB Club house at Fox Lake, 111.; meets
third Tuesdays each quarter at Grand Pacific. President, John G. Beazley;
secretary and treasurer, J. C. McCord, 116 La Salle, room 24. WESTERN.
RIFLE ASSOCIATION Secretary and treasurer, W. H. Chenoweth, 76 W.
Monroe.
Indoor Base Ball Clubs. There are " Indoor Base Ball Clubs" connected
with nearly every social club of prominence in the city, besides a great num-
ber of independent organizations in city and suburbs. There are two leading
"leagues" of Indoor Base Ball Clubs the "Midwinter" and Chicago
228 GUIDE TO CHICAGO.
ludoor Base Ball League. The gime was very popular and fashionable in
Chicago last winter and thi probabilities are that it will continue to be so
for more seasons to come. The game is of Chicago invention and followed
what came to be known as the " Roller Skating Craze." The ball used is of
large size and made of a yielding substance. The bat is 2 % feet long and
1% incheS'in diameter at the larsje end. The four bases are each 1% feet
square, each filled with sand. They are not secured to the floor, and a man
may slide in and carry the base with him. The pitcher's box is six by three
feet, and is marked on the floor in chalk. The nearest line is 22 feet from
the home plate. The bases are 27 feet from each other, forming a diamond.
The distance from home to second base by a straight line is 37^ feet. Eight
or nine men may be played on a side and only rubber-soled shoes are used.
The leading teams are La Salles. Kenwoods. Oaks of Austin, Idlewilds of
Evanston, Carletons, Marquettea, Farraguts. rml Ashlands, of the Midwinter
League, and the Harvards, Lincoln Cycling Club, Chicago Cycling Club.
and South Side Illinois Club of the Indoor League.
Tennis Clubs. CHICAGO TF.NNIS CLUB 2901 Indiana ave. EXCELLO
TENNIS CLUB Secretary, E. U. Kirabark, 183 Monroe. NORTH END TEN-
MS CLUB President, Wm. Waller; secretary, A. T. H. Brower, State, corner
Burton pi.
Union Athletic Club. 52 State st. President, J. F. Cook; secretary, J. A
Bar key, 113 N. Peoria.
Western Association of Base Ball Clubs Office 108 Mauisbn st. Presi-
dent, L. C. Krauthoff, Kansas City.
CLUBS GENTLEMEN'S AND SOCIAL.
Acacia Club. A social organization, 105 Ashland ave., West Side.
^Eolus Club. A social organization. Officers: President, H. B. Keats;
vice-president, A. W. Roth: second vice-president, S. Wittenberg; corres-
ponding secretary, T. J. Svvenie; financial secretary, H. J. Freeman; treasu-
rer, C. P. Kennedy; quartermaster, J. B. Wilson; librarian, E. Andrews;
directors, J. Mohr, Al Christiansen, and S. W. Wolf.
Apollo Club. A musical organization of prominence and high standing
in the city, of which Prof. W. L. Tomlins is the director. It has through the
tireless energy and splendid talents of its leader and his ability to impart his
profound knowledge of musical art in a practical way, attained a high plane
of artistic effect.
Argo Club Club house situated on Lake Michigan at the extreme end
of the Illinois Central pier. It is a floating structure and the object of locat-
ing it on the water is to secure for the members the cool breezes which blow
across the water in the summer season. It is in reality neither a boat nor a
house, and yet both combined. It is built entirely of wood aiidcost $15,000.
If it were built on shore a fire ordinance governing the building of frame
structures within the city limits would swell the expenditure to twice that
size. The kitchen and store rooms are in the hold. The main saloon is
above, and this room is elaborately finished in mahogany and curly maple.
From the tables, which are scattered about the saloon, the club men and their
guests are a.fforded a splendid view of the lake. The state-rooms are on still
another deck, end above this is the .hurricane or promenade deck, where the
[Engraved for The Standard Guide Company."!
CHICAGO HERALD BUILDING, 154-158 WASHINGTON ST.
[See " Newspapers."]
THE ENCYCLOPEDIA. 229
orchestra is stationed at all receptions. From top to bottom this half ship,
half house, is furnished in the most luxuriant style and the gymnasium or
athletic equipment is not surpassed by any semi-aquatic club in the country.
Nearly one hundred names are on the roll of membership.
Ashland Club. Located at 575 Washington boulevard, corner Wood
street, organized in October, 1886. It is the leading, as well as the largest,
social organization on the West Side. The present membership is 500, to which
number it is limited by the by-laws of the club. The club house is a handsome
and commodious structure. It contains parlors and reception rooms, a ban-
quet hall capable of seating 200 persons ; an assembly hall with a floor space
60x80 feet, the largest of the kind in Chicago, provided with a stage, with
complete settings suitable for theatricals, concerts, lectures, etc., far the exclus-
ive use of the club ; billiard room with twelve tables, library and reading
rooms, wash and bath rooms, kitchen, servants' rooms, bowling alleys, cafe,
etc. The balls and other elegant entertainments given by the club have made
it a recognized social leader: The buildings and grounds cost $85,000. The
admission fee is $50 ; annual dues $40. A. E. G. Goodridge is president and
A. N. Marquis, secretary.
Bankers' Club. An association of the leading bankers of the city. They
give an annual banquet, to which distinguished guests are invited. Offi-
cers President, E. G. Keith; vice-president, John C. Black; secretary, James
D. Sturges; executive committee, John C. Neely, W. F. Dummer and John
C. Black.
Bichloride of Gold Club, of Chicago. Organized on the 28th of July,
1891, Composed of graduates of the Keely institute atDwight and its various
branches. Meets at 155 Washington street. Lesley E. Keeley, M. D., LL. D.,
honorary president for life. First officers: President, Opie P. Read .first vice-
present, Thomas F. Murray ; second vice-president, D. W. Wood ; third vice
president, John Dillon ; treasurer, Dr. W. F. Standiford ; secretary, C. E.
Banks; corresponding secretary, N. A. Reed, Jr.; directors, P. W. Snow-
hook, N. A. Reed, Jr., Frank A. Moore, Louis A. Rexford, H. H. Boyington
and Charles H. Sampson. Present officers: O. W .Nash, president;
George B. Booth, secretary ; N. A. Reed, Jr.; corresponding secretary ; C. H.
Sampson, treasurer. This club has done a marvelous amount of good work
since its organization, it has sent to Dwight for treatment many needy per-
sons, and up to this writing not a single relapse has been reported. The
Chicago club is incorporated under the laws of the Slate of Illinois. The
incorporators were : Louis A. Rexford, Nate A. Reed, Jr., W. Grant Rich-
ardson, Homer H. Boyington, Frank A. Moore, Opie P. Reed and William
A. Standiford.
Bichloride of Gold Club of Dwight. Located at Dwight, 111 . , seventy-
two miles southwest of Chicago. Take the Chicago & Alton railway. Or-
ganized April, 1871, in a blacksmith shop by a few graduates of the Keeley
Institute. Object of the club, the affiliation of those who have taken the
Kefiley treatment at Dwight, or any of the legitimate branches of the Kteley
Institute. This is the parent club of all the Bichloride of Gold Clubs in the
world. Its meeting place for many months was in a disused Presbyterian
church to which a large addition or annex was built. The club has a mem-
bership at present (summer of 1892) of about 5.000. These members in turn
became connected, upon leaving Dwight, with the various Bichloride of
Gold Clubs in other parts of the country. The badge of the club is a horse-
230 .GUIDE TO CHICAGO.
shoe in token of the place where the first meeting was held, in the center of
which is the capital letter " K " in recognition of the discoverer of the Bi-
Chloride of Gold remedies. The club meets at present in the old opera house
at D wight, which is also used in part as a treatment hall. This is supplied
with a stage and all the necessary appliances for the giving of performances.
Its presiding officers from the commencement to the present time have been
as follows: Presidents: 1st, S. E. Moore, Pittsburgh, Pa. ; 2d, O. B. Stan-
ton, Dwight, 111.; 3d, J. D. Thayer, Warsaw, Ind.; 4th, B. Reynolds, Wash-
ington, D. C.; 5th, S. S. Lowe, Chattanooga, Teun.; 6th, Wm. M. Burris,
Liberty, Mo.; 7th, P. H. Sherry, Joliet, 111.; 8th, W. D. St. Clair, Chicago,
111.; 9th, Frank Clark, Bartow, Fla.; 10th, Henry C. Cleveland, Rock Island,
111.; llth, James N. Brown, Huntsville, Ala.; 12th, J. Haydon Burns, Chi-
cago, 111.; 13th, J. W. Van Dervoort, Mt. Vernon, N. Y.; 14th, O. W. Nash,
Oak Park, 111.; 15th, J. D. Kehoe, Maysville, Ky. Chairmen: 1st, John J.
Flinn, Chicago, 111 ; 2d, W. E. Morrison, Morrisonville. 111.; 3d, Waller
Young, St. Joseph, Mo.; 4th, Geo. H. Slator, Alpeua, Mich.; 5th, Charles
Stewart, Cedar Rapids, Iowa. The secretary of the club, who is also the
secretary of the Bichloride of Gold Club of the World, is Hon. J. D. Kehoe,
of Maysville, Ky. Meetings are held every morning in the week at nine
o'clock, at which business is transacted and departing members make their
addresses, etc. These meetings are conducted according to parliamentary
rules and are always interesting. They are usually attended by from 500 to
700 men. Song services are held every Sabbath. The club entertainments
are given on Wednesday and Saturday evenings of every week. Admission
fee, $1; price of badge, $1.50.
Bichloride of Gold Club of the World. The outgrowth of the Bi-Chloride
of Gold Club of Dwight. Founded in November, 1891. First annual con-
vention held on Feb. 15, 1892. First Board of Directors : S. E. Moore, Capi-
talist, Pittsburgh, Penn., who was also first president of the Bi-Chloride of
Gold Club of Dwight; Hon. W. S. Arnold, ex-surrogate judge of Idaho Ter-
ritory, resident counsel at Dwight for the Leslie E. Keeley Company; John
T. Rice, M. D., Attica, lud.; Hon. J. D. Kehoe, Maysville, Ken.; John J.
Fiinn, Chicago, 111.; W T illiam M. Burris, Lawyer, Liberty, Mo.; L. H. Lyon,
Capitalist, Lyou's Falls, N. Y.; S. E. Moore, President, W. S. Arnold, Vice-
President ; J. D. Kehoe, Secretary. This club is founded on the principle
of Grand Lodges and furnishes charters to subordinate clubs. Delegate
conventions are to be held annually. The membership of the Bi-Chloride of
Gold Club of the World, it is expected, will exceed 20,000 by the spring of
1893.
Bon Ami Club, of Wilmette,. Located at Wilmette, a suburb of Chicago,
fourteen miles from the Court House. The organization is for social purposes
strictly. Officers: President, W. E. Crane; secretary', W. R. Morley; treas-
urer, E. T. Paul; financial secretary, Mrs. A. N. Gage. The club uses the old
Adrian House as a meeting place.
Calumet Club. Located at the corner of Michigan ave. and Twentieth
St. Take Wabash avenue cable line. Organized in 1878. The building
which it occupies is a magnificent one, four stories high, with fronts on both
the streets named. Thegrand hall is very handsome, with its broad fire-plocc,
handsome staircase and stained glass windows. To the left are the drawing-
rooms, with windows the whole length of the Michigan avenue front, and to
THE ENCYCL01 LDTA. 231
the right the offices, the cafe and the billiard room. On the second floor are
card rooms and the ball room, where, from time to time during the winter
months, entertainments are given. The third floor is devoted to private
apartments, and the top floor to the dining rooms and kitchens. The Club
has a splendid collection of pictures. It aims to preserve the early history of
the city and State, and its old settlers' annual receptions have become famous.
The Club is composed generally of the leading men of the South Side.
Admission fee, $100; annual dues, $80.
Garleton Club. A South Side social organization. Meets at 3800 Vin-
cennes ave.
Chicago Club. Located on Monroe st., between State st. and Wabash
ave., opposite the ladies' entrance to the Palmer House. Was organized iu
1869, and was an outgrowth of the old Dearborn Club, which was located on
Michigan ave., near Jackson st. The first club house of the Chicago was
situated at the corner of Wabash ave. and Eldridge ct., and was destroyed in
the great fire. The present building was erected shortly afterward. The
structure is not as magnificent as some of the club buildings erected more
recently, but the interior is beautifully and tastefully arranged. There is
more real elegance about it than, perhaps, may be found in any of the others,
although it is of an unostentatious character. The dining rooms and kitchens
are at the top of the house. The Club is composed generally of the merchant
princes and leading professional men of the city, and it is very exclusive.
Comfort and congeniality more than crowds and confusion are desired. The
admission fee is $300, the annual dues are $80, payable semi-annually. Mem-
bership limited to 450 residents and 150 non-residents. The Chicago Club
has purchased the beautiful Art Institute Building and will probably move
into its new quarters during the present year.
Chicago Electric Club. Composed of electricians and those connected
with electric pursuits. A social club for gentlemen. Located at 103 Adams
street. Its rooms are very handsomely fitted up. There are reception rooms
for members and their friends of both sexes. There are dining rooms on one
floor opening into Kinsley's upper corridors, and arrangements are made to
furnish either liquid or solid comfort after the most approved method. Bil-
liard, chess and backgammon outfits are provided in elegantly furnished
rooms, but cards are tabooed. An audience hall occupies a large space on
the top floor, where the regular club meetings are held for scientific discus-
sion. Paintings, works of art, bric-a-brac, pervade the whole apartment and
a music room with piano and other instruments is a part of the fitting. In
other words, all has been done that was needful to make the club quarters
elegant, refined and in every particular a recherche gentleman's club. Some of
the members are as well known in Europe as throughout the United States ;
many of them are social leaders and all of them are successful business men.
Chicago Women's Club. Organized in 1876 by Mrs Caroline M. Brown,
who served as president for three years. The object of the club, as defined in
the constitution, Is " mutual sympathy and council and.united effort toward the
higher civilization of humanity and general philanthropic and literary work."
The club is divided into six departments, as follows : Reform, philanthropy,
home, education, art and literature, philosophy. The regular meetings of the
club are held on the first and third Wednesdays of the month, with a business
session on the fourth Wednesday. The exercises consist of papers and dis-
232 GUIDE TO CHICAGO.
cushions on topics connected with the work of the different departments.
Much outside work of a philanthropic, reformatory and educational nature is
also done by the club. The work of placing women physicians in the asylum
at Jefferson to take charge of women patients and of securing the appointment
of women as matrons in the jail and at the police stations was accomplished
by the club, as Well as that of procuring the appointment of women on the
srhool board. The first free kindergarten was established through the efforts
of this society, which also raised among its members and outside fiiends
nearly $40,000 tor the Boys' Industrial School at Glenwood. Three indepen-
dent organizations owe their existence to the Women's Club, viz., the Physio
Icgical Society, the Protective agency for Women and Children, and the
Industrial Arts Association. The last named society had for its direct object
the introduction of manual training in the lower grades of the public schools.
For four years its work, aided by the Decorative Art Association, was succes-
fully carried on through mission schools, the Boys' Industrial School at
Glenwood, together with the forming of free classes for the instruction of
teachers. It tirst petitioned the Board of Education for trial schools in 1887
and again in 1892, three of which have been established. Classes for instruc-
tion in the special subjects in their charge are held by the twoliterary depart-
ments of the Women's Club. The present membership of the club is about five
hundred. Membership is obtained by ballot and the payment of an initiation
fee of $10 ; annual dues $5. The meetings are held in the club rooms of the
Art Institute building, corner of Michigan avenue and Van Buren street.
The officers are : President, Julia Plato Harvey ; vice presidents, Lucretia
M. Ht-ywood, N. Halsted ; recording secretary, Laura H. Clark ; correspond-
ing secretary, Kate G. Huddleston ; treasurer, Frances B. Smith ; directors,
Lucretia Effinger, Isabel A. H. Prindle, Frank Stuart Parker, Mary E.Galvin,
Mary E. Farnham, Jessie Willard Bolte, Kate M. Higginson, Ellen C.
Broomell, Clara M. J. Farson, Matilda L. Ware, Arabella C. Rogers, Mary
Spalding Brown, Sarah M. Hey wood, Phebe M. Butler, Emma Dupee, Ida
M. Lane, Rachel Mayer, Kate Hutchinson Judah.
SOCIETY FOR THE PROMOTION OF PHYSICAL, CULTURE AND CORRECT
DRESS. Fostered by the Women's Club, and holds its meetings in the rooms
of that club which are at present in the Ait Institute Building. These
meetings occur on the first Friday of each month at 2:30 P. M. The object of
the society is mutual help toward learning the highest standards of physical
development, and mutual counsel towards realizing these standards in prac-
tical life. The membership now numbers two hundred. The president is
Mrs. H. M. Wilmarth, 222 Michigan avenue, and the secretary Mrs. L. J.
Dreier, 4627 Lake avenue.
Church Club Organized December, 1890. Located on the fourth floor
of the High building, No. 103 Adams st. This is an Episcopalian organization
and its object is to bring into closer relations the clergy and the laymen of the
diocese, such as the board of Missions, the Standing Committee, the St.
Andrews Brotherhood, the trustees of the Theological Seminary, the Girls'
Friendly Organization, the Women's Auxiliary, and every other work of the
church, including Diocesan Offices where the Rt. Rev. the Bishop of
Chicago and the Archdeacon can meet the clergy and laymen, and transact
any business pertaining to the diocese. Reading and reception rooms are
open to members and visitors from 9 A.M. till 5 p M. daily except Sunday.
Regular meetings of the Club are held on the 1st Thursday in each month at
8 P.M.
THE EKCYCLOPEDIA. 233
Clarendon Club. A social organization composed of Israelites. The
membership, however, is not limited to those of Hebrew race or creed. The
membership includes many of the leading Hebrews of the city.
Commercial Club. An association of the leading merchants, manufact-
urers, bankers and capitalists of Chicago, the object of which is to encourage
in a social and informal way the interchange of opinions respecting the com-
mercial necessities of the city. The club gives frequent dinners and banquets
and entertains distinguished guests. Some question of great importance
uppermost at the time is always discussed at their meetings and banquets.
[See Chicago Manual Training School.] Officers: President, T. W. Harvey;
vice-president, A. C. McClurg; treasurer, Henry J. McFarland; secretary,
Fred 8. Janes.
Conference Club of Evanston. Organized in 1890. Its object, " to call
together gentlemen of different professions and opinions to discuss present-
day topics," has been salutary. A dinner is served monthly during the win-
ter, of which notice is given to members, and the topic for discussion is
announced. Two gentlemen particularly interested in or familiar with the
subject are chosen to give twenty-minute addresses, after which any member
may speak upon the assigned subject.
Congregational Club. A society of members of the Congregational church.
Officers: President, ; E. H. Pitkin, vice-president; W. E. Hale,
second vice-president; Professor H. M. Scott, third vice-president; J. H.
Tewksberry, secretary, and J. R. Chapman, treasurer.
Cosmopolitan Club of Evanston : The Cosmopolitan Club of Evanston
was organized in October 1891, the avowed object being to furnish comfort-
able rooms where brain and brawn workers might meet on a common footing
and enjoy a pleasant hour in reading, games and conversation ; an object
that has been well carried out. The club is, in a measure, unique, and at
first met with considerable criticism, but during the three months of its exist-
ence it has proved so great a success that there is no longer anything but
favorable comment. The rooms of the club, three in number, are over 416
Davis street and are fitted up with all sorts of conveniences. There is a
general assembly room, where lectures and entertainments are given and the
meetings of the club are held, a library with reading tables supplied with
nearly all the current periodicals, an?l a smoking room with card tables.
The credit of originating the idea of the club belongs to Mr. Volney W.
Foster, and to Mr. Foster, Dr. Hillis and one or two others, who have given
time and attention to the enterprise, the organization owes its present success.
Dearborn Club. Located at 43 and 45 Monroe st. [See "Chicago
Club."]
Dinner Clubs. Among these are the "Epicurean" and the "Forty
Club." The members dine periodically at one of the leading hotels and
discuss questions of current interest.
Douglas Club. Located at 3518 Ellis ave. Organized April, 1885.
Occupies a three story and basement building, formerly a dwelling, which
has been remodeled. There is a beautiful lawn in front and on the sides of
the house. In the basement are bowling alleys ; on the first floor are the
dancingjiall, ladies' reception room, library and reading room ; on the second
floor are dressing and private rooms ; on the third floor is a large hall fitted
234 GUIDE TO CHICAGO.
up with portable machinery, where dramatic entertainments are given by
members of the club. Ladies of each member's family, and males from
fourteen to twenty-one, are entitled to the privileges of the club, subject to
certain restrictions. Admission fee, $25 ; dues, $30 per annum.
Douglas Park Club. A West Side social organization of prominence.
Officers : President, Lawrence Ennis; vice-presidents, William P. Davis and
William Harley ; treasurer, P. E. Remie ; secretary, Robert H. Coudrey ;
Directors, Pleasant Amick, T. W. McFarland, A. L. Coates and George
Kohl.
Elks' Club. An association of members of theatrical and other prof essions,
similar to those in all our large cities. Officers: Dr. W. A. Jones, E. R. ;
George Schlessinger, E. L. K.; G. W. Barstow, E. L. K.; D. E. Hodges, E.
L. K.; J. W. White, secretary; Dr. L. H. Montgomery, Lee H. Willson, John
W. White, trustees; Rev. Henry G. Perry, chaplain; G. W. Andrews, esquire;
E. V. Girard, inner guard general; J. W. Shaw, organist. The lodge is in a
very prosperous condition, and during 1892 over $2,000 was disbursed for
charity.
Evanston Club. Located at the suburb of Evanston. Take train at
Wells St. depot, Wells and Kiuzie sts., North Side; or at Union depot, Canal
and Adams streets., West Side. Club House at Chicago avenue and Grove street.
Officers: President, Marshall M. Kirkman; first vice-president, Milton W.
Kirk; second vice-president, N. C. Gridley; treasurer, W. J. Fabian; secre-
tary, Frank M. Elliot; additional directors, W. D. Hitchcock, F. A. Hardy,
W. Hokbird, W. H. Bartlelt, N. G. Iglehart, A. C. Buell and H. R. Wilson.
Mr. Kirkman organized the club and has been fts president ever since. The
club is open every day in the week from 7 o'clock in the morning until mid-
night. The interior of the house is modestly beautiful. A music or dancing
hall of generous proportions occupies the west half of the building. Hand-
some portieres separate the ladies' reception room from the vestibule, and the
lobby or smoking room occupies the center of the club home. This room,
tinted in warm colors, is the general lounging place for the club men, and
from it open the billard room, the charming library, and the card room.
Below stairs are the kitchen, dining room and bowling alley, the latter having
two fine runways. The Evanston c^b is not a club in the usual sense of
that word. It is a pleasant rendezvous where 200 gentlemen and their famil-
ies may meet for recreation and amusement and for the promotion of social
culture.
Evanston Country Club. A summer social organization of the suburb of
Evanston. The home of the ciub is known as the " Shelter," and is situated
in the midst of beautiful grounds, on Hinmah avenue and Clark street close
to Lake Michigan. It is the leading club of the village from May until No-
vember, and has a quasi connection with the Evanston Boat Club and other
social organizations. Frequent receptions, band concerts, boating parties,
etc., occur during the season. The membership is about 450, equally divided
between ladies and gentlemen. The president is Mr. Marshall M. Kirkman;
Mr. William E. Stockton and Mr Frank Arnd are vice-presidents; Mr.
Nicholas J. Iglehart is treasurer, and Mr. Edwin F Brown is secretary.
The directorate is composed of twenty ladies and eleven gentlemen. It is a
custom of the club to have one of the directorate ladies, one afternoon and
THE ENCYCLOPEDIA. 235
evening of each week, act the part of hostess, presiding over the tea tables
and receiving the guests. The active committee is termed the house and
grounds committee. The responsibility of success or failure of the season
rests -with this committee, and the appointment is no sinecure. Mr.
Thomas 8. Creighton is chairman, and is aided by Mr. Edwin F. Brown, Mr.
Frederick Arnd, Mr. F. P. Frazile, F. A. Handy, and B. V. Adams. Many
of Chicago's most prominent business men wear the dainty silver four-leaf
clover, the badge of the club.
Fellowship Club. Organized June 4, 1891. Object, the promotion of
good-fellowship, and its extension to "the stranger within our gates."
Number of resident members limited to fifty; non-resident members, twenty-
five; honorary members admitted only by the unanimous vote of the members
present at any meeting at which quorum of the resident members is present.
Each member may invite one guest to a dinner of the club, the expenses to be
paid by the member inviting him. The executive committee has the right to
invite one or more club guests to each.dinner, the expenses of whose entertain-
ment is paid out of the funds of the club. Initiation fee, $25. Dues from resi-
dent and non-resident members, $10 annually. Business meetings and
dinners of the club held on the first Thursday, June, October, December,
February and April, and on other stated occasions. Meetings held at one of
the leading hotels or restaurant. Officers: James W. Qcott, president; George
Driggs, vice-president; H. Y. Selfridge, treasurer; F. Willis Rice, secretary.
No. 7 E. Monroe street. Executive committee: James W. Scott, George
Driggs, F. Willis Rice, H. H. Kohlsaat, Victor Lawson and M. P. Handy.
Foreign Book Club. Comprised of ladies of the North Side who read
Foreign literature. Its membership is small.
Forty Club. A dinner club meeting monthly. Active membership lim-
ited to forty drawn from bench, bar, the law, the theaters, and the profes-
sions generally. Entertains theater people and distinguished writers.
Meets at one of the principal hotels.
Fortnightly Club of Chicago. Meets Fridays at 2:30 P. M. at Art Institute,
Michigan ave. and Van Buren st. Organized as a Woman's Club in 1873 by
Mrs. Kate Newell Doggett. Intended originally as a Womans' Suffrage
Organization, in which men and women should hold membership. Now
devoted to social intercourse and intellectual culture. The work of this
association is arranged on a carefully considered plan, which secures a
thorough knowledge of the subject to be treated at each meeting. Each
writer has a year in which to master the subject she is to present, and, as the
writer of an essay remarked, "To prepare a paper for the Fortnightly is to
add a good deal to your education, it matters not how liberal it maybe."
The work of the club for the year is divided into two courses, the continuous
course of study and the miscellaneous course. A committee of five members
takes charge of the continuous course, which is represented by a paper at one
of the two meetings that occur each month, and another committee of the
same number directs thu miscellaneous course, which presents' a paper on the
alternate day. At each of the meetings, which occur the first and third Fri-
days in the month, a well prepared and brilliant discussion under appointed
leaders follows the paper. The discussion over, tea and cake are served and
a delightful social hour closes the meeting, at which the visitor will observe
that the strictest parliamentary forms, as well as the latest behest of fashion,
are carefully obeyed. The membership of" The Fortnightly of Chicago"
is limited to 175. The initiation fee and also the yearly dues are $12. The
236 GUIDE TO CHICAGO.
officers are: President, Mrs. Charles D. Hamill; first vice-president, Mrs. F.
M. Wilmarth; second vice-president, Mrs. Otto H. Matz; corresponding
secretary, Mrs. Elizabeth M. Stone; recording secretary, Mrs. F. H. Gardner;
treasurer, Mrs. B. F. Aver; directors, Mrs. Milward Adams, Mrs. H. G.
Brainerd, Miss Nina G. Lunt, Mrs J. J. Glessner, Mrs. John Ailing, Mrs.
James M. Hubbard.
Germania Mwnnerchor . Located at North Clark street, corner of Ger-
mania Place. Take North Clark street cable line. President, Harry Rubens ;
vice-president, Chas. H. Wacker ; secretary, Geo. W. Claussenius ; treasurer,
F.'J. Dewes. The socity had its origin at the funeral of Abraham Lincoln
in 1865, when a small party of Germans from Chicago attended to render a
chorus. They were pleased with each other's singing and determined upon
the organization of a permanent society. To day it is one of the largest, most
respectable and most prominent musical organizations in the country. Incor-
porated March 31, 1869. Membership about 650, of which 125 are not Ger-
mans. The club is social as well as musical. The club house is one of the
handsomest in Chicago.
German Press Club. An association of the German press clubs of the
city. Meets at 106 Randolph street. The club has fifty-five active members
and several honorary members. Was organized in 1891. President, Theo-
dore Janssen.
Girls' Mutual Benefit Club. Organized in November, 1890; located at 100
Cornelia st. The institution was established solely through the efforts of a
few energetic young ladies of the Third Presbyterian, First Congregational
and the Epiphany Episcopal Churches, Miss Sadie Morgan, Mrs. C. D.
Howell, Miss Helen Hutchins, Miss Mary Gillman, Miss Ida E. Moore and
Miss Alice C. Burkhardt. Nearly one hundred working girls nightly receive
instructions in those arts which make the model housewife. The follow,
ing is the curriculum: Monday, dressmaking and typewriting; Tuesday,
dressmaking and music; Wednesday, cooking and history; Thursday, music,
embroidery and millinery; Friday, cooking; Saturday, embroidery, cooking
and music. The house is self supporting, each one of the members being
required to pay a weekly assessment of 5 cents. The teaching force includes,
besides the ladies already named, Miss Wolf, Miss Avery, Miss Reese, Miss
Lowden, Miss Page, Miss Mack, Miss Burdick, Miss Fritz, Miss Blanche and
Content Patterson. On every weekday evening there are at least three of
these ladies present to take charge of the various classes. The house is com-
fortably furnished and well adapted to the purposes to which it is put. The
nucleus of a library has been started, and it is expected that before long the
number of books will be large enough to warrant the starting of a circulating
library. Officers President, Miss Sadie Morgan; vice-president, Mrs. C. D.
Howell; secretary, Miss Ida E. Moore; treasurer, Miss Helen Hutchins.
Grant Club. Chartered Aug 10, 1885. Object: To promote social
and political intercourse, and advance the interest of the Republican party.
Also the discussion of improvements in our municipality. Holds its annual
meeting on the third Thursday in August. On June 3d, 1891, at the unveiling
of the Grant statue at Galena, 111., thirty of its members participated in the
exercises. Officers: President, Hon. L. L. Bond; 1st vice-president, Fred
THE ENCYCLOPEDIA. 23?
M. Blount; 3d vice-president, Henry H. Heistand; secretary, Dr. Listen H.
Montgomery, 70 State street; assistant secretary, Chas. L. Webster; treasurer,
M. E. Cole; sergeant-at-arms, W. H. Cosper.
Hamilton Club. Chartered April. 1890. Named after Alexander Hamil-
ton, the American statesman. The original officers of the club were presi-
dent, R. H. McMurdy; secretary, Rufus Metcalf ; treasurer, Ralph Metcalf.
The club is one of the most noted institutions of Chicago, with a large mem-
bership composed of the most prominent citizens in all walks of life. In
politics it is republican, but is not partisan in spirit. State and national ques-
tions of importance are freely considered, with the view of increasing the
growth of patriotism and the promotion of good government by its diffusion
of the principles of Hamilton, is doing much to promote the cause of loyalty
to the nation. Its annual banquets are among the notable political events of
each year, the speakers at the banquet of 1892 including such representative
public men as Russell A. Alger of Michigan, John M. Thurston of Nebraska,
and Governor Joseph W. Fifer. The present officers of the club are: Presi-
deut.HenryM. Bacon; first vice-president, Frederick A. Smith; second vice-
president, George P. Englehard; third vice-president, Jamts R. Terhune;
treasurer, Ralph Metcalf; directors (five to be elected), John P. Ahrens, E.
M. Ashcroft, Frank H. Barry, Will H. Clark, George H. Harlow, Thomas
Hudson, John R. Laing, J. B. Mailers, Charles D. Warren; members of
political action committee (two to be elected), George P. Englehard, John H.
Hamline, George H. Harlow, James R. Terhune.
Harvard Club Organized 1888. Club house located at Sixty-third and
Harvard sts., Englewood. A social organization. It has a large membership
and gives frequent receptions through the season.
Harvard University Club. Composed of graduates of Harvard University,
Cambridge, Mass., resident in Chicago. Moses J. Wentworth, president.
Meets at stated occasions in the Auditorium hotel, holds an annual banquet
and entertains distinguished officers and graduates of the University, from
time to time. Many leading citizens of Chicago are members.
Hyde Park Club. Located at Hyde Park. Club house, corner of Wash-
ington avenue and Fifty-first street. Has a membership of about 250.
Take Illinois Central train, foot of Randolph or Van Buren street, or
Cottage Grove avenue cable line. The building is a handsorre one. Its
exterior is striking and the interior has evidently been given the thought of
tasteful decorators. It is strictly a gentleman's club. There are two stories
and a basement devoted to club purposes. In the basement are the gymna-
sium, bowling alley, store room, kitchen and boiler room. On the first floor
is a capacious foyer, opening into which are the office, reception and reading
rooms, connected by an inglenook, a billiard room with eight tables and a
cafe. The second floor is reached by the grand staircase, which leads
through a broad hall to the ball room and art gallery adjoining, all three of
which can be used for dancing on occasions. On this floor there are also
fourcosey card rooms and a committee room, which can be thrown together
when desired. The whole interior is finished in antique oak. The mantels
and even the office desk, having been designed by the architect of the build-
ing, blend harmoniously with the treatment of the rest of the woodwork.
This beautiful building was dedicated by the club in 1890. The officers are:
238 GUIDE TO CHICAGO.
president, Martin J. Russell; vice president', W. R. Kerr; secretary,
Edward R. Shaw; treasurer, S. R. Jenkins; directors, Burton A. Sewell, C.
E. Woodruff, E. H. Turner, Robert Boyd, Charles H. Hunt, Robert Stewart,
C. A. Mallory, W. D. Mackey and S. G. Wilkins.
Ideal Club. A social organization; meets at 531 and 533 Wells street.
Officers: president, David Eichberg; vice-president, Simon Goldsmith; secre-
tary, Samuel J. Marks; treasurer, Adolph Berg; directors, A. Shakman,
F. Griesheimer, A. Yondorf, C. S. Bloch, Jos. Goodman, Geo. Frank, E. C.
Hamburgher, Jos. P. Weinreb.
Idlewild Club of Evamton. The Idlewild Club of Evanston is an organi-
zation composed of the younger men of the village. They have commodious
quarters on Davis street, known as Idlewild hall, and occupy all the second
story of one and the greater portion of another of the larger business blocks,
and consists of the largest hall in the village, together with reading and
billiard rooms. The special feature of this club is winter ball, and on the
occasion of league games the hall is packed with enthusiastic spectat.ors all
whom contribute a liberal sum by the purchase of associate members' tickets,
which entitles the holder to witness all the games played. The club has thus
far this season played 19 games with Chicago and neighboring teams and
has yet to lose its first game. The phenomenal playing makes the home team
the pride of the town and they are warmly encouraged by the substantial
citizens. The club also gives numerous parties and social entertainments
during the winter season.
Illinois Club. Located at 154 Ashland ave.. West Side. Take W. Madi-
son street cable line. Organized in 1878. First building occupied, 401
Washington blvd.; moved to Ashland ave. and Madison St.; purchased pres-
ent quarters in 1884. Occupies a very handsome and commodious building,
fronting the most beautiful avenue in the West division of the city. Object
of club, the cultivation and promotion of literature and the fine arts, and of
social intercourse. The house contains kitchens, dining rooms, parlors,
reception rooms, reading rooms, billiard room, wash room, bowling alley,
ball room, private rooms, etc. Some very handsome pictures ornament
its walls. It gives elegant^ entertainments during the winter seasons.
Admission fee, $100. Annual dues, $50. William ,). Chalmers, president
Fred S. James, vice-president; J. F. Talbot, secretary; Charles C. Reed,
treasurer. The, following were elected directors for three years: Willis G.
Jackson, James P. Soper and A. C. Wakeman.
Indiana Club. Located at 3349 Indiana ave. Organized in 1883. Take
Indiana avenue car, via Wabash avenue cable line. Occupies a very pleas-
antclub house, a two story brick building. On the first floor are the billiard
and pool rooms, bowling alley and dressing rooms; on the second floor are
the parlor, reception room, card room, and a spacious dancing hall. This is
a family club, the wives and children of members being entitled to all privi-
leges. Entertainments are given at intervals throughout the year. Admis-
sion fee, $50. Annual dues, $20.
"THE ENCYCLOPEDIA. 239
Irish-American Club. Organized May, 1880. Location of club rooms,
40 Dearborn st. Membership about 250. The fundamental principle of this
club is an immutable belief in Ireland's right to be governed by and for her
own people as an independent nation. The objects of the club, however, are
social. All men of Irish binh or descent, of good reputation, are eligible to
membership. Officers: President, John L. Cooke; vice president, Mark Mad-
den; secretary, James Conlan, Jr.; treasurer, John B. Heaney; executive
committee: M. J. Keane, M. W. Kerwin, P. Cavanaugh, M. S. Madden.
Iroquois Club. Located at 1 10 Monroestreet(Columbia Theatre Building),
in the business center of the city. Organized October4, 1881. It is a political
(Democratic) and social club. Has very handsome and spacious quarters,
arid is provided with all the comforts of modern club houses. It is the lead-
ing Democratic political club of *he city, and numbers among its members
the most prominent partisans of the Jeffersonian creed. Its influence is felt
in National, State and Municipal campaigns. The Iroquois Club entertains
splendidly, and it was at a reception given here that Grover Cleveland used
ttie expression, "A public office is a public trust." Membership about 500.
Admission fee and annual dues reasonable. Officers, president, Adlai T.
Ewiug; vice-presidents North Division, John Addison, E. O. Brown, and
A. C.Helmhoiz; South Division, O. S. Favor, F. G. Hoyne, and A. W. Wright;
West Division, J. J. Byrne, E. Carqueville, and Malcolm McDonald, Jr.;
recording secretary, J. F. Learning; corresponding secretary, R. W. Mor-
rison; treasurer, E. R. Cox.
Irving Club. Located at Irving Park, a suburb of Chicago, organized
in 1890. This club has an elegant home. The officers are: C. A. Cook,
president; Frank Crego, vice-president; John I. Oswald, secretary; A. V.
Berry, treasurer; and besides these four, John I. Monk, D. L. Buzzell, Phil
W. Coyle and W. T. Orell, as a board of directors. The Irving Club
House occupies a commanding position, well back in a beautiful stretch of
ground near the center of the little suburb. The building is of frame, with a
convenient height of three stories. On the first floor of the clubhouse are the
billiard-rooms, the gymnasium and the bowling alley. The second floor con-
tains the club parlors and reception-rooms, the directors' meeting-room and
the library. On the third floor is the pride of the whole affair, a masonic lodge-
room and a hall for other society meetings. The club house is very neatly
furnished, all of its decorations being selected in extremely good taste.
Ivanhoe Club. Located at South Evanston. Organized, 1891. Object,
the promotion of social intercourse between members and their families.
Officers: President, O. T. Maxom, M. D.; vice-president, Evan H. Hughes;
second vice-president-, A. C. Pinkham; secretary, John E. Poor; treasurer,
Thomas L. Fansler. Directors: Albert E. Jacox, A. B. Beerup, G. B. Tre-
loar, Frank Sherman and C. S. Redfield.
John A. Logan Club. Located at 466 La Salle ave., North Side. Take
Clark or Wells street cable line. Organized February 12, 1888. A polit-
ical (Republican) and social club. Has commodious quarters. Admission
fee, $10; annual dues, $12.
Kenwood Club. Located at Forty-seventh st. and Lake ave., Kenwoot
Take Illinois Central train at Randolph or Van Buren Street depot. Organ
ized in 1883. A social and family club in which the ladies and other members
of the family are entitled to privileges. Occupiesthe former residence of Nor-
240 GUIDE TO CHICAGO.
man B. Judd, Esq., which has been remodeled and enlarged. The bowling
alley, dining-room and kitchen are in the basement; on the first floor are the
hall, office, reception and dancing hall; on the second floor are the card
rooms, billiard room, reading room, library, ladies' and gentlemen's dressing
rooms, etc. Admission fee, $100; annual dues, $40. The officers are:
Edwin F. Bayley, president; William S. Seaverns, vice-president; Charles B.
Vankirk, second vice-president; Harry B. Black, treasurer; Charles C. Whit-
tiker, secretary. The board of directors is composed of C. B. Bouton, John
S. Belden, William T. Brown, Ed. R. Woodle, W. T. Whetmore, T. S. Faun-
tleroy, J. Frank Aldrich and F. H. McClure.
Lafayette Club. A social organization of the South Side. This club
gives twelve dances each year, nine at Douglas Hall and three at Jackson
Park pavilion.
LaGrange Club. Located at LaGrange, a suburb of Chicago. A social
club; membership 100; fee $10, dues $20 annually.
Lakeside Club. Located on Indiana- avenue between Thirty-first and
Thirty-second streets. Organized in 1884. Take Indianaavenue car, via Wabash
avenue cable line. O wns its present home, a modern building of brick and stone,
containing three stories and a basement. The billiard room, cafe, bowling
alley, private supper-rooms and dining room, capable of seating 400 guests,
are located in the basement, on the first floor are the ladies' and gentlemen's
parlors and reception room, drawing rooms, and an assembly and dancing
room, fifty -five feet wide by one hundred feet long; in the second story are the
card rooms and gymnasium; in the third story are private rooms and servants'
apartments. Admission fee, $200; annual dues, $40. Membership limited
to 250.
La, Salle Club. Located at 542 Monroe St., West Side. Take West
Madison street cable line. Organized in 1884. It is a political (Republican)
and social club. First occupied premises at 9 Laflin st. ; moved to 28 Warren
ave. and finally came into possession of the former residence of C. C. Holton,
Esq., which has been remodeled, enlarged and beautified. It is a marble
front, four stories and basement, with a frontage of 125 feet, and a depth of
95 feet. An addition of 48x125 feet has been made by the club. The lunch
room, cafe, cigar stand, gymnasium and bowling alley are located m the
basement; on the first floor are the hall, two large parlors, reading room and
office, and billiard room with twelve tables; on the second floor are eighteen
card rooms, and the assembly hall; on the third floor are private rooms, ser-
vants' quarters, etc. Admission fee, $50; annual dues, $40.
Lincoln Club. An organization of young Republicans of the West Side,
with purposes similar to those of the Hamilton Club of the South Side and
theMarquette Club of the North Side. Officers: H. A. Ingalls, president; C.
A. Brown, first vice-president; Dr. II. M. Thomas, second vice-president; W.
W. Wheelock, secretary; H. S. Dale, treasurer; house committee, R. J. Bas-
sett, L. D. Taylor a.nd Dr. Stuart Johnstone; entertainment committee, E.W.
North cott, E. L. Hance and Grant W. Ford; library and publishing com-
mittee, O. N. Carter, E. R. Edoand F. S. Loomis; membership, W.H. Noble,
W. A. Leonard and A. M. Rogers; political action committee G. E. Foss, H.
JL. Wheeler, W. S. Holden, A. S. Kimball and A. Wahl.
Lotus Social Club. Composed of the leading colored people of the city.
Give social parties.
THE ENCYCLOPEDIA. 241
Marquette Club. Location of club house former residence of the late
Hon. E. 13. Washburne, corner of Dearborn ave. and Maple St., organized
1886. This handsome building has been remodeled and fitted up in the most
approved style, making it one of the finest club-houses in the city. The ban-
quet hall is worthy of a special mention. It is the handsomest in Chicago and
is second only to that of the Auditorium Hotel. The Marquette is a club com-
posed of the leading republicans of the North Side. It is a social rather than
a political club, however. It has a present membership of three hundred.
Many of the republicans of the city, non-residents of the North Side, are mem-
bers. Among its honorary members is President Harrison. The Hamilton
Club of the South Side and the Lincoln Club of the West Side, are formed on
the same principal. The Marquette gives numerous entertainments and re-
ceptions duiing the season. It has from time to time the leading republicans
of the country as its guests and its banquets are watched with a great deal of
interest by politicians as expression is frequently given to the keynotes of
political campaigns at these gatherings. The officers are : president, E. B.
Gould; vice-president, T. S. Simpson; treasurer, W. A. Poulson; secretary,
J. E. Rodgers; chairman political action committee, John S. Runnells.
Minneola Club. Officers: President, O. H. Roche; .vice-president, M.
Hamburger; secretary and treasurer, James G. Deven. Directors, O. H.
Roche, J. G. Deven, L. M. Hamburger, Robert Lindblom, T. Bennett, J. C.
Peasley and J. V. Booth.
Minnette Club. A West Side social organization which gives receptions
at Martine'a Hall, 55 Ada St., during the season.
Nationalists' Club. An association of gentlemen formed for the purpose
of interchanging ideas regarding questions of National interest and advo-
cating reform in Legislation and Government. Meets at the Grand Pacific
Hotel.
Newsboys Club. Occupies rooms one and two in the Imperial Building,
Mr. Alfred J. Barnes is president; Miss Mary Logan Pearson, vice-president;
Miss Mary E. Sands, secretary; Mr. Alexander Schultz, treasurer, and Mr. Ford
Jones, librarian. The club is in a flourishing condition. It has a good library.
Well-behaved newsboys are admitted to membership.
North Shoi-e Club. A family Club. Has entertainments of different
kinds two or three times a week during the winter, for the members, their
wives and children. Lawn tennis, etc., in the Summer. Club House and
grounds open to the ladies of members' families at nil times.
Oakland Club. Located at Ellis and Oakland avenues, in building for-
merly the Lake Side Skating Rink. Take Cottage Grove avenue cable line
or Illinois Central train at Randolph or Van Buren Street depot to Thirty-
ninth street, Oakland station. The building has been remodeled and refitted
for club purposes. It is a large, two-story brick structure, rather unique
from an architectural point of view. On the first floor are the office, gentle-
men's and ladies' reading rooms, promenade hall, two ladies' parlors, two
gentlemen's sitting rooms, billiard hall 100 feet long, two card rooms, kitchen
and dancing hall 100 by 80 feet; the second floor contains the assembly
room, private rooms, servants' quarters, etc. Strictly a family club. No
intoxicating liquors or games of chance allowed on the premises. Admis-
sion fee, $50; annual dues, $30.
242 GUIDE TO CHICAGO.
Oaks, of Austin. Located in their own building at Austin, one-half
mile west of city limits. Take train at Wells street depot, Wells and Kmzie
streets. Has very handsome quarters, consisting of a reception hall, parlors,
card and billiard rooms, banquet hall, etc. The club has facilities for giving
amateur theatrical performances.
Park Club. Located corner 57th street and Rosalie court. Take Cottage
Grove avenue cable line or Illinois Central train at Randolph or Van Buren
street to South Park station. Organized in 1886. A family club. Occupies
a handsome building four stories in height. In the basement are the bowling-
alleys, pool room and janitor's rooms ; on the first floor are the ladies' recep-
tion, cafe and hall ; on the second floor are the billiard room, card rooms and
director's room ; the upper floor is thrown into an^assembly room, with
boudoirs, etc. The club house has splendid verandas, which make it a most
attractive resort in the summer. Admission fee, $25, annual dues, $40.
Phcenix Club. Located at Thirty-first street and Calumet avenue. Take
Cottage Grove avenue cars. Composed of young men of Hebrew lineage.
The club rooms were secured for five years, and $5,000 has been expended in
remodeling the building. There are two large parlors, a library, dining-
rooms, billiard haU, smoking room and all the requisites of a first-class social
club. Card playing and auy form of gambling are positively prohibited.
Officers Milton A. Strauss, president; A. J. Briersdorf, vice president; D.
L. Frank, secretary; E. Lowenstein, assistant secretary, and L. A. Nathan,
treasurer.
Practitioner's Club. An association of physicians. Meets at the Palmer
house. A chairman is elected at every meeting and questions of interest to
practitioners are discussed. Officers: President, William A. Amberg; first
vice-president, Z. P. Brosseau; second-vice president, Dr. John Guerin; sec-
retary, Joseph B. Cremin; treasurer, George D. McLaughlin.
Press Club of Chicago. Organized January 15, 1880. Club rooms located
at 131 Clark st. Charter members Melville E. Stone, Franc B. Wilkie,
Rodney Welch, W. K. Sullivan, T. C. MacMillan, Joseph R. Dunlop, Henry
F. Donovan, W. B. Sullivan, F. O. Bennett, Theodore Gestef eld, William T.
Hall, John J. Flinn, J. F. Ballantyne, Elwyn A. Barren, W. T. Collins,
James Maitland, Platt Lewis, Thomas E. Burnside, C. A. Snowden, Law-
rence Hardy, W. P. Hanscom, Guy Magee, W. H. Hicks, John E. Wilkie,
Sam. V. Steele. The club was organized for the purpose of " bringing the
members of the newspaper profession together in closer personal relations, to
levate the profession, to- further good fellowship, and to extend a helping
hand to all members of the organization who may deserve it." The entirelist
of presidents is as given below, James W. Scott being the only man ever
re-elected to the oflice: 1880, Franc B. Wilkie, of The Times; 1881, W. K.
Sullivan, Journal; 1882, Samuel J. Medill, Tribune; I8b3, W. E, Curtis,
Inter-Ocean; 1884, James W. Bradwell, Legal News; Ib85, Joseph R. Dunlop,
Inter-Ocean/ 1886, John F. Ballantyne, Morning News; 1887, James W. Scott,
Herald; 1888, James W. Scott, Herald; 1889, James W. Scott, Herald; 1890,
Stanley Waterloo, Tlte Times; 1891, William A. Taylor, Herald; 1892, John
E. Wilkie, Tribune. The officers for the present year are: President John
E. Wilkie; first vice-president, Montgomery B. Gibbs; second vice-president,
A. T. Packard; third vice-president, H. E. O. Htiutmanu; recording secre-
THE ENCYCLOPEDIA. 243
tary, Charles E. Banks; financial secretary, Ed. R. Pritchard; treasurer,
George Schneider; librarian, Fred H. Hild; directors, Charles Matthias,
William Iglehart, F. J. Schulte, Wolf von Schierbrand, E. W. Pickard. The
club rooms are handsomely fitted up, and are convenient to the members
actively engaged^ in newspaper work. Journalists visiting the city are
granted the piivilege of the club on being properly introduced by a member
in good standing. The Press Club is at present contemplating the erection of
a building in which it may be enabled to more suitably entertain visitors
during the coming two years. The membership is now about 250. Admis-
sion fee, $15; annual dues $20.
Ryder Club. A social organization, composed of members of St. Paul's
Unitarian Church. Oflicers: President, Frank N. Gage; vice-president,
Frank Twing; secretary, W. E. Lamb; treasurer, Miss Annie Colby ; Liter-
ary director, Frederick Hill; dramatic director, Byron Boyden; Social
director, Miss Mae Hutchinson.
Seven O'Clock Club. Conducted after the manner of the Sunset andother
clubs for the discussion of questions of current interest and importance.
Meets at the Masonic Hall, Sixty-third and Yale streets, and has an annual
banquet. Among the prominent members are A. H. Champlin, Homer
Bevans, O. T. Bright, E. W. Adkinson, C. S. Deneen, Edward Maher, John
Whitely, W.W. Smith, R. C. Croft, E. E. Loomis, A. J. Cleave, G. H. Owen,
C. W. Taylor, W. S. Demorest, H. A. Morgan, F. L. Mort, C.G. Thompson,
L. E. Noble, F. E. Daughly, H. C. Stebbings, G. H. Findle and C. Alderson.
Sheridan Club. Organized 1889 by a few young gentlemen of the south
side. When the membership had reached thirty-five, the club took quarters
at 3532 Lake avenue. On May 1, 1890, the club moved into a larger and bet-
ter building at 35 Michigan avenue, its membership being ninety. Later on
$5,000 was raised for the construction of a new club house on the southwest
corner of Michigan avenue and 41st street. This building is two stories
and a basement of brick and brown stone with copper cornice, and fronts on
41st street. The outside dimensions are 50x130. In the basement are the
bowling alley, kitchen, furnace room, coal room, etc, The fiist floor Is
divided in a hall, 17x20 feet, with a grand staircase, from the landing of
which extends a circular balcony for musicians; foyer, 24x23 feet, and cor-
ridor, 25x9| feet, all closely connected by wide archways. Facing on Michi-
gan avenue are the parlor, 16x20 feet, and smoking-room, 21x17 feet, joined
by an ingle-nook, 14%xlO feet. At the right of the entrance is the c ffice,
and next comes the cafe, 35x25 feet, with a large service pantry separating it
from the billiard-room, 42x48. On the south side of the corridor are the
lavatory and wardrobe.
On the second floor are the directors' room, card-rooms, ladies' boudoir
(above which are the servants' quarters) and an auditorium, 90x48 feet, a
story and a half high, to be used for dramatic performances and dancing.
A movable stage, 16^x40 feet, is adjustable at the west end of the hall,
while at the east end there is a balcony capable of seating 100. A striking
architectural effect is a row of columns along the north and south sides of
the auditorium. This room is decorated in white and gold. The wood-work
of the house is in oak and cherry.
The Sheridan Club banquet, given at the Auditorium January 15 1891,
iirousrht the club conspicuously before the public, since which time its nr?m-
b.rship has increased rapidly. Its "boom" may be said to date from
244 GUIDE TO CHICAGO.
that event. The club numbers among its members some of the wealthiest
men of the city, as well as some of the brightest young men in town. An
evening at the Sheridan leaves the impression that a jollier or more hospit-
able band of brothers would be hard to find.
The officers of the club are: President, John Julius Kinsella; vice-
president, Thomas D. Walsh; secretary, William A. Lydon; treasurer, Will-
iam F. Carroll; directors, Thomas E. Nelson and P. H. Keenan. The offi-
cers of the auxiliary association are: President, Michael Cudahy; vice-
president, A. Cummings; secretary, John R. Geary; treasurer, T. F. Keeley;
directors, John P. Hopkins, T. E. Nelson, D. Corkery, E. Hudson, J.
O'Malley.
Single Tax Club, The Chicago. Meets every Thursday eve. at 206 LaSallest.
President, W. W. Bailey; secretary, Frank W. Irwin. Incorporated under
the laws of Illinois. Object, 1st. To advocate Ihe abolition of all taxes upon
industry and the products of industry, and upon exchange through tariff
taxation, and the taking by taxation upon land values, irrespective of
improvements, of the annua, rental value of all those various forms of
natural opportunities embracet under the general teim, land. 2d. To advo-
cate the abolition of all special privilege legislation. 3d. To advocate the
adoption of the Australian system of voting. Any person in sympathy with
the principals and objects of the club may become a member. Four months
dues must be paid in advance. Regular dues twenty-five cents per month.
South Side Medical Club. This club was organized in 1889 upon the plan
of the Sunset club, and has among its members many of the leading physi-
cians of the South Side of Chicago. Meetings are held once a month to dis-
cuss leading medical topics.
Southern Society of Chicago. Organized in 1891. Location of club
rooms, 425 Home Insurance Building. An association of Southern born and
Southern bred gentlemen for the purpose of social intercourse and mutual
benefit. The club or society is organized on a basis similar to that of the
Southern Society of New York, and has for its object, ultimately, the erec-
tion of a down-town club house. Officers: Gen. Jno. C. Underwood, presi-
dent; W. A. Alexander, first vice-president; J. E. Neiswanger, second vice-
president; J. D. Alsup, secretary; A. O. Slaughter, treasurer. Directors: T.
Hamilton Mclntosh, D. A. Payne, M. D., George S. Norfolk, T. V. Wooten,
H. O. Nourse, John T. Dickinson, Willoughby Walling, M. D., J. C. Roath,
George O. Clinch, John J. Flinn, Thomas G. Windes, Percival C. Sneed. The
membership of this society includes many of the foremost professional and
business men of Chicago, natives and former residents of the so-called South-
ern States. Politics are notallowed to enter into the question of admission of
members nor into discussions in the club rooms Among the members are
many ex-Confederate and Union soldiers. One of the principal objects of
this club is to provide a place where people of southern affiliation may be
brought together, and where southern visitors to Chicago may be hospitably
and courteously received. The club gives frequent receptions which are
attended by ladies.
Standard Club. Located at Michigan ave. and Twenty-fourth st. Take
Wabash ave. cable line. Organized in 1869. The leading Jewish club of the
city. Occupies one of the mo >t elegant and complete club houses in Chicago.
In the basement are the bowling alleys, gymnasium, etc.; on the first floor are
the parlors, library, cafe, billiard room, etc.; on the second floor are ladies'
THE ENCYCLOPEDIA. 245
parlors and retiring rooms, and three dining rooms; on the third floor is the
assembly and ball room, with theatrical appointments. The club is magnifi-
cently furnished. Membership limited to four hundred and nine. Admis-
sion fee, $500; annual dues, $80. Officers: President, Joseph Spiegel; vice-
president, Jacob Schnadig; treasurer, Oscar G. Foreman; financial secretary,
August Gatzert; recording secretary, N. Greensfelder. Directors: M Selz, A.
Loeb, H. Nathan, H.Elson, H. B. Gimbel, A. M. Snydacker, M. Hirsh, N.
Florsheim, 0. R. Wineman, N. J. Schmaltz.
Stenographer's Club. Officers: President, Dan Brown; vice-president,
Nellie F. Sargent; treasurer, E. C. Quimby; secretary, Miss Mary Arnold;,
directors, W. K. Bush, Harry Piper, Lillian Bonner, Mary Perry, Ruth A.
Briggs.
Sunset Club. Founded in 1891 on the principles of the Twilight Club of
New York and the Seven O'clock Club of Washington. It takes its motto
from Herbert Spencer's line: ' We have had somewhat too much of 'The Gos-
pel of Work,' it is time to preach ' The Gospel of Relaxation.' " Meets every
Thursday at one of the leading hotels at a quarter past six, at which time a
dinner is served and short talks are heard from members or invited guests on
questions of current interest or importance, the object of the club being to
foster rational good fellowship and tolerant discussion among business and
professional men of all classes. The only expenses incident to membership
in the Sunset Club are an annual assessment of two dollars for stationery,
printing, etc., and one dollar for each dinner partaken of. Any genial and
tolerant fellow may become a member on approval of the Executive Commit-
tee. The following is the Club's declaration of principles: No club house,
no constitution, no debts, no contributions; no accounts, no defalcation.no
by-laws, no stipulations, no profanity, no fines, no stealing, no "combines,"
no president, no bores, no steward, no " encores," no long speeches, no dress
coats, no late hours, no perfumed notes, no parliamentary rules, no personali-
ties, no dudes, no mere formalities, no preaching, no dictation, no dues, no
litigation, no gamblers, no dead beats, no embezzlers from foreign retreats,
no meanness, no vituperation, simply tolerant discussion and rational recrea-
tion. The Executive Committee is composed of the following gentlemen:
Henry Bausher, Jr., Dr. A. P. Gilmore, S. S. Gregory, C. L. Hutchinson,
Rollin A Keyes, Victor F. Lawson, George D. Rumsey. Murry Nelson,
Georce F. Stone, Henry B. Stone, Edward S. Washburn, W. W. Catlin, A.
A. McCormick, Joseph W. Errant, secretary.
Union Club. Located onWashington pi. and Dearborn ave., North Side.
Take North Clark st. cable line or North State st. car. Organized in 1878.
Formerly occupied the Ogden residence, recently torn away to make room
for the great Newberry library. The present structure Is a handsome one and
is beautifully arranged and furnished. On the first floor is a magnificent hall,
finished in carved oak ; to the left are the parlors, extending the length of
the Dearborn ave. side, and to the rear is the cafe ; the billiard room, reading
room, coat room and lavatory are also on this floor; on the second floor is the
dining room, card rooms, director's room, etc.; the kitchen and servants'
partments are in the basement. It is a strictly social club and very exclusive.
The active membership is limited to 600, but only 388 are on the roll. Admis-
sion fee, $100 ; annual dues. $60. Officers: President, Franklin H. Watriss;
vice-president. George S. Willits; secretary, John B. Kitchen ; treasurer,
William D. Beall.
246 GUIDE TO CHICAGO.
Union League Club. Located on Jackson st. and Fourth ave., fronting
the south end of Custom-house and Post-office. The great general commer-
cial and professional club of the city. Incorporated 1879, with the declared
object of encouraging and promoting, by moral, social and political influence,
unconditional loyalty to the Federal Government, and of defending and
" protecting the integrity and prosperity of the nation; of inculcating a higher
appreciation of the value and sacred obligations of citizenship; of maintaining
the civil and political equality of all citizens in every section of our common
country, and of aiding in the enforcement of all laws enacted to preserve the
purity of the ballot-box, resisting and exposing corruption, promoting econ-
omy in office and securing honesty and efficiency in the administration of
National, State and Municipal affairs. The political complexion of the Club
is strongly Republican, but it is conducted on strictly non-partisan principles.
The active membership has recently been increased from 1,000 to 1,200, and
there is a demand for a still further increase. With this great membership,
the admission fee being $200 and the annual dues $80, taken in connection
with the large receipts of the dining and wine-rooms, etc., the revenue of the
Club is very heavy, and it has been possible lo make aaditions to the building
and to beautify the interior in a manner which makes it the most sumptuous
club house in the city. It has a splendid library. The house is centrally loca-
ted audis the popular luncheon quarters tor business and professional members.
It has a ladies' department", e'legantly fitted up. The east entrance is used
exclusively lor ladies with escorts. It is not possible for strangers to vis>it the
appartments of the Club, f-ave when accompanied by a member, nor are
meals served to non-members who are residents of the city, when accompanied
by a member, save by special permission. Members, however, may take
strangers in the city to the cafe at any time. The Union League entertains in
a princely fashion, and durinu the World's Columbian Exposition it will con-
tribute greatly toward the comfort and enjoyment of distinguished visitors.
Officers for 1892: President, George E. Adams; first vice-president, Ferd W.
Peck; second vice-president, Porter P. Heywood; treasurer, WiUinm D. Pns-
ton; secretary, Hei>ry A. Knott; directors, one year, John C. Neely, J. W.
Brooks, Jr., James W. Ellsworth; two years, Charles T. Trego, J. C. Welling,
George H. Holt; three years, William A. Bond, H. G. Selfridge, Alexander
H. Revell.
Committee on political action, J. S. Runnells, chairman; C. C. Kohlsaat,
Julius A. Grinnell, John Roche, J. Harley Bradley, John P. Wilson and
William Penn Nixon.
University Club. Located in the University building, Dearborn street
and Calhoun place. Composed of graduates of the various colleges and uni-
versities. The building is built of brown stone to the third story. All above
the third floor is occupied by the University Club. The apartments are hand-
somely furnished. There are reception rooms, parlors, billiard rooms, card
rooms, etc. , and all the comforts of a modern club house. The University
Club has a large membership and is prosperous.
Union Veteran Club. An association of Veterans of the War of the
Rebellion. The Club is in a healthy condition as to membership and finances.
Officers President, E. R. Lewis, of Evanston; vjce-presidents, J. B. Clark
and John M. St. John; secretary, J. A. Straub; treasurer, John Leffler; mar-
shal, Patrick Sullivan; board of directors, George Cannon, James A. Scott,
George Howison and Thomas Brown.
THE ENCYCLOPEDIA. 247
Wah Jfah Ton Club. The Tammany democratic club of Chicago. Offi-
cers President, Walter S. Bogle; vice-piesideut of the South Side, Valentine
Sehmidl schmidt; West Side, John O'Brien; North Side, W. H. Lyman; sec-
retary, B. F. Jenkins; financial secretary, James Donohue; treasurer, George
P. Bunker; sergeant-at arms, James Russell; assistant sergeants-at aims, John
Reid and Paul Dasso; trustees, North-Side John S. Co< per, John F. O Mai-
ley; South Side John C. Schubert, Owen Murray, William J. O'Brien, An-
thony Dwertman; West Side Walter S. Bogle, Frank J. Dvorak, John A.
King, John O'Brien and E. J. O'Hayer.
Washington Park Club. Situated at South Park ave. and Sixty-first
st. Take Cottage Grove avenue cable Jine. Organized 1883. Occupies an
unpretentious though commodious club house, within easy accessof the Wash-
ington club racing park, south of Washington park. It is a combination of
the higher class of sporting, country and city clubs, members of nearly all
the other leading clubs being connected with it. The club house is more in the
nature of a rendezvous than a resort. The racing meetings of flie Washington
Park Club are of national celebrity. The club house is handsomely fitted up
for the comfort of the members and the ladies of members' families. Follow-
ing are the officers for 1892: President, George Henry Wheeler; vice-presi-
dents, Samuel W. Allerton, Albert S. Gage, Charles Schwartz, H. J. Mac-
farland; treasurer. John R. Walsh; secretary, John E. Brewster; assistant
secretary, James Howard; executive committee, the president, the vice-presi-
dents, the treasurer, ex-officio, Charles D. Hamill, John Dupee, Jr., Arthur
J. Caton, Henry J. Macfarland, Thos. Murdoch, J. Henry Norton, John B.
Carson; property committee, John Dupee, Jr., Charles D. Hamill, John B.
Carson; house committee, Charles Schwartz, Charles D. Hamill, J. Henry
Norton; racing stewards, Albert S. Gage, Samuel H. Sweet, Frank S. Gor-
ton, John Dupee, Jr., John E. Brewster; board of directors for 1892,
Nathaniel K. Fairbank, Norman B. Ream, Samuel W. Allerton, James W.
Oakley, Columbus R. Cummings, Charles J. Barnes, John R. Walsh, J.
Henry Norton, Albert S. Gage, Samuel H. Sweet, Henry J. Macfarland,
George H. Wheeler, Thomas Murdoch, Charles J. Singer. James B. Goodman,
John Dupee, Jr., Frank 8. Gorton, George Smith, John B. Carson, Thomas
Cratty, Arthur J. Caton, Charles Schwartz, Charles D. Hamill, John E.
Brewster. The admission fee is $150, from the payment of which subscribers
for one thousand dollars or more of the capital stock and officers of the U. S.
Army and Navy are exempt; annual dues, $40.
Webster Club. Composed of young men and organized for social pur-
poses. Following are the members. Fred Abele, M. J. Walsh, Franklin
Giese, M. J. O'Donnell, G. T. Thirsk, H. C. Grundman, W. S. Lahey, J. T.
Stewart, W. A. Diez, J. E. McGrane, E. F. Breyer, H. E. Otte, L. A.
Lemke, W. W. Lill, F. Becker, H. Stolt, P. H. Berkes, T. Lindberg and
W. C. Carberry.
Whitechapel Club. Located in the rear of 173 Calhoun PI. Organized in
October, 188y. The object of the club is givtu on the charter as "Social
Reform." The purposes of the club are purely social, the intention in form-
ing it being to band together professional and literary men of congenial habit.
Business meetings are held once a week. It is customary to permit residents
of Chicago to visit the dub rocms and inspect the extremely unique decora-
tions on Saturday. The visitor must be vouched for by a member of the club.
248 GUIDE TO CHICAGO.
It is customary, once a month, to hold a social meeting called a "Symposium,"
to which guests are invited by the club and by individual members. The
initiation fee is $50, and one objection from any member bars an applicant
from admission. President, Charles Goodman Perkins; secretary, Hugh
Blake Williams ,M. D.; treasurer, Henry Frayser Frarnsworth; board of
directors for 1891, Charlts Goodyear Seymour, Wallace de Groat Reid,
Finley Peter Dunne, Hoiace Taylor, Henry Ai.tbony Kosters, Edwin Michel
Bernard, Frederic Uphsm Adams and Brand Whitlock.
Women's Suffrage Club. Meets in the club-room of the Sherman House
on the evening of the third Tuesday of each month. Organized for the pur-
pose of advocating and agitating equal political rights. Officers President,
Mrs. J. A. McKinney; vice president, Mrs. E. W. Haskett; secretary, Mrs.
F. Beckwith; treasurer, Mrs. C. B. Sawyer.
Woman's Chib of Emmton . Oiganized in 1889. One of the largest of
the many Women's clubs which form the federation of the United Slates.
The membership was limited to 125 until the fall of 1891, but now the mem-
bership ia unlimited. The club is divided into committees, each having
charge of Rome special branch of work; each committee holding meetings as
often as desired. The club as a whole holds fortnightly meetings at the
home of Mrs. Elizabeth Boynton Harbert, president of the club. Especial
interest is being manifested in the World's Fair committee work. Other
committees are on philanthropy, reform, philosophy and economy.
Woodlawn Park Club. Located at Woodlawn Park, has a membership of
over one hundred. Officers: N. C. Wheeler, president; A. S. Delaware, vice-
president; F. G. Atwood, secretary; S. A. Magill, treasurer, and J. W. Hill,
D. Graham, W. A. Fowler, A. J. Mills, S. V. Cornish and G. W. Riggs com-
pose the board of directors. A handsome new home was erected for thisclub
in 1892. It is a three-story brick, Queen Ann style of architecture, and is
equipped with all modern conveniences. In the basement is a bowling alley.
The club has a large dancing hall and stage for private theatricals. The hall
has a seating capacity of 500.
CLUBS LITERARY.
Intellectual life in Chicago is creeping within bindings, and intellectual
society in clubs is becoming as potent a factor as is fashionable society in
ballrooms, parlors, and reception halls, which may not seem much in the
saying, but is infinitely more than it seems, since culture is a slow growth
and requires not only cessation from business cares, but careful thought and
retirement. Moreover, the culture clubs of Chicago are not ephemeral crea-
tions. They have struck their tools firmly into the roots and found it fertile.
They have not been given over to faddists, but to men who carried the same
sound business perceptions into literary recreation that had made them rich
and well-known in the financial world. No doubt many builded better than
they knew, but they had chosen a rock foundation, and when the winds
blew and the rains descended, the structure did not vanish, as have too many
of the sand-bedded edifices of a civilization grown effete and given over to
whimsies. So it has come to pass in these latter days that Chicago has
THE ENCYCLOPEDIA. 249
builded for herself many a quiet temple of literary fame wherein high
thoughts and noble inspirations feed the eternal flame upon the inmost altar.
It is the "living up, not down ; out, not in," and the city is better because
these men and women have striven to acquaint themselves with the literature
of both past and present, and instead of feasting on material things taste of
the dainties that are bred in books. And posteiity, that much-talked of
child, will be a nobler creature because of an ennobled and mentally broad-
ened ancestry.
Beseda (Bohemian Reading dub). Meets Tuesdays and Saturdays at 74
W. Taylor st. President, J. Kasper; secretary, E. A. Haase; treasurer, A.
Matuska; librarian, F. B. Zdrubek.
Browning Clubs' There are several Browning clubs in Chicago and
vicinity, with no stated place of holding meetings. Nearly all are allied
closely to the Women's Club and other literary societies.
Chicago Library Club. The library club is precisely the kind of an
organization that might be expected from its caption. It is comprised of
mny men of many books, and is a comparatively recent association. The
mere fact that such a club can exist and prosper is a significant one, and with
a great truth underlying it. Unless a city were well equipped with library
centers in its different districts a library club would be impossible. But
Chicago is a city of splendid libraries, from the great free center with its
171,000 books, and the New berry reference library with 80,000 books, all
along the gamut of the Hammond theological, the Chicago university, the
Academy of Sciences, the Chicago Historical society, and the Northwestern
university libraries. Besides these are the libraries connected with the
Baptist union, the Presbyterian seminary, and St. Ignatius college, and the
Law institute, together with a host of public school and smaller libraries.
From all these sources have been drawn the membership of the Library club,
with no less a peisonage for its president than Dr. William Poole, of the
Newberry library. Fred Hild, of the public library, first vice-president; C.
C. Pickett, of the Law institute, second vice president; Dr. G. E. Wise,
secretary; Miss Lydia Dexter, treasurer. There will be no club rooms, as the
club purposes meeting around in the various libraries, a sort of itinerant
fellowship all through, becoming familiar with each other and with the
different libraries at one and the same time.
Chicago Literary Club. One of the oldest and most prominent of the
culture organizations of Chicago. Organized March, 1874. Meets every
Monday evening; holds receptions every fifth Monday; meets in the Art Insti-
tute building. The list of presidents since its inception are as follows : Robert
Collyer, 1874-75; Chas. B. Lawrence, 1875-76; Hos'mer A. Johnson, 1876-77;
Daniel L. Shorey, 1877-78; Edward G. Mason, 1878-79; William F. Poole,
1879-80; Brooke Herford, 1880-81; Edwin C. Lamed, 1881-82; George How-
land, 1882-83; Henry A. Huntington, 1883-84; Chas. Oilman Smith, 1884-85;
James S. Norton, 1885-86; Alexander C. McClurg, 1886-87; Geo. C. Noyes,
1887-88; James L. High, 1888-89; James Nevins Hyde, 1889-90; Franklin H.
Head, 1890-91; Clinton Locke, 1891-92. The officers for 1891-92 are: President,
Clinton Locke; vice-presidents, Lewis H. Boutell, Clarence A. Burley, Arthur
D. Wheeler; corresponding secretary, Edward I. Galvin; recording secretary
250 GUIDE TO CHICAGO.
and treasurer, Frederick W. Gookin. Committees: Officers and members:
Lewis H. Boutell, Henry V. Freeman, Ephraim A. Otis, William Eliot Fur-
ness, James A. Hunt; arrangements and exercises, Clarence A. Burley, Frank
Gilbert, William W. Case, Allen B. Pond, Theodore P. Prudden; on rooms
and finance, Arthur D. \Vheeler, Henry B. Stone, Charles D. Hamill, Moses L.
Scudder, Jr., Edwin Burritt Smith.
Club Litteraire Francais. Club rooms 45 E. Randolph st. Organized 1872.
The membership is composed of about half French people and half Ameri-
cans, and between the program numbers are intermissions for conversation,
which, according to club regulations, shall be in French only. The French Lit-
erary Club of Chicago came, like a new newspaper, to fill "along-felt want."
Here, where opportunites of hearing the French language spoken in all its
purity are particularly small, it was an unspeakable boom to bring educated
Parisians together with those who were endeavoring to become familiar with
the Gallic tongue. To bring them together so as to give mutual pleasure to
both classes was even more desirable. Both have been done. The Club
Litteraire Francais is a verity. It has a local habitation and a name, and it
meets every Saturday evening for a social reception, a short musical pro-
gram, or a French play, sometimes a blending of all three, varied by mon-
ologues and essays, though the latter are considered a trifle monotonous and
not volatile enough for " Lalange Francaise." The dramatic- performances
are the club's pride. They, like all else on the program, are entirely French,
but they are admirably conducted by A. Gouere, who was formerly an actor
in the famous Comedie Francaise in Paris. Added to this is the fact that
many of the best musicians in town are members of the club, and are not
chary of their contributions. The Conseil d'Administration for 1891-92 is as
follows: President, Robert D. Ward well; vice-president, Leon de Sadowski;
second vice-president, Mme. C. A. Sykes; secretary, M. Leon Grehier; treas-
urer, Arthur Woodcock; dramatic director, M. A. Gouere; reception com-
mittee, Mile. Li'y Roemheld, Mile. Katherine Knowles, W. M. Payne, A O.
Proast, H. J. Mellen, Ed E. Bideleux, O. L. Jandsha.
Illinois Woman's Press Association. From a score of workers who met at
the home of that most zealous of clever literary women Dr. Julian Holmes
Smith in 1885, has sprung the Illinois Woman's Press Association. It was
suggested by the organization of the Woman's National Press Association at the
New Orleans Exposition and is conducted on much the same lines, is a mem-
ber of the National Editorial Association, the Federation of Women's Clubs,
the International League of Press Clubs, and is auxiliary to the Illinois
Woman's Alliance. Meets nine times a year. In order to facilitate achieve-
ment the association is divided into committees of editors, reporters, authors,
correspondents, contributors, and publishers, each having its own particular
branch of work to attend to.
All women having published original matter in book form or who have
been, or are, regularly connected with any reputable journal are eligible for
membership. The social side of the club, busy women that they are, has not
been overlooked. The annual banquet is always admirably arranged, well-
conducted, and a thoroughly enjoyable event. Also, noted newspaper women
visiting the Garden City are prone to find themselves the honored guests of
this band of brainy women.
A peculiarity of this club is that it has never had, or wanted to have, but
the one president. From the organization in 1885, through the re- organization
TilE ENCYCLOPEDIA. 251
of 1886, up to the present time Mrs. Mary Allen West of the Union Signal has
stood at the helm. Sometimes her subordinate officers went the way of all
officials, but the revered president was, is, and will be Mary Allen West.
The official list for 1892 is: President, Mary Allen West; vice presidents,
Mrs. Elizabeth A. Reed, Alice B. Stockham, M. D., and Mrs. Sarah Wilder
Pratt; recording secretary, Belle L. Gorton; assistant recording secretary,
Jessie King; corresponding secretary, Emily A. Kellogg; assistant corres-
ponding s cretary, E. Jeannette Abbott; treasurer, Mrs. Francis E. Owens;
librarian, Ella S. Bass.
Longfellow Club. An association of young ladies engaged in the study of
the poet Longfellow. Meets at the homes of members. On the order of
"Browning Clubs."
Palette Club. A society of Artists; gives exhibitions of the works of local
artists at the Art Institute, and meets for social purposes. The leading
artists of the city are among its members.
Papyrus Club. Organized Sept. 14, 1891. The club with the suggestive
Egyptian name is entirely given over to the literati, and is modeled after the
Papyrus club of Boston, one of whose prominent members, Mr. Hovey, the
local club has recently entertained. The only people eligible for membership
in the Papyrus are writers, publishers, artists, and booksellers, and already
the club has established a handsomely furnished suite of rooms in the Audi-
torium building, where members may at all times resort, and where, no
doubt, social amenities will be developed as the club waxes older and stronger.
Already it numbers among its members such well-known writers as Nancy
Huston B-inks, author of the charming Kentucky romance " Stairs of Sand;"
Thomas S. Denison, the playwright; Maud Menefee, the writer of children's
stories, and Mrs. Lou Y. Chapin. What the club may grow into if judiciously
managed is difficult of prophecy, that will depend on the literati themselves.
They have already given an "author's reading" evening, which is quite an
in novation in Chicago clubs. The officers are: President, Mogs P. Handy;
first vice-president, George P. Englehard; second vice-president, Charles H.
Sergei; third vice-president, Mary Allen West; corresponding secretary, Ed-
ward Owings Towne; recording secretary, Maud Menefee; financial secretary,
T. S. Denison; treasurer, Robert H. Vickers; librarian, Austin Granville;
additional directors, Auguste Eckle, C. H. Kingman.
Press League, The. Organized for the purpose of receiving and enter
taining newspaper and literary people during the progress of the Columbian
Exposition, but with particular regard to the entertainment of women writers.
Has no connection with the National Press League. When the women writers
from afar come to the Exposition they will find the league's rooms on the
grounds, a very Mecca for the tired and perplexed journalist, and after the
fair has come and gone there is no doubt but the organization will continue
to establish co-operation among regular writers for the press, to furnish
information as may be desired by writers from fellow-workers in different
parts of this country and in foreign countries, and to foster an esprit du
corps. The league meets once a month in the Auditorium club rooms, and
those gatherings are reported to be the wittiest and merriest; albeit intensely
literary, that an organization which contains not one dull person may pro-
duce. A peculiarity of the Press League is that ils officers are elected for
three years, so that the following will still be in office during the Exposition:
President, Mary H. Krout, the Inter-Ocean; vice-presidents, Martha Howe
252 GUIDE TO CHICAGO.
Davidson, Aclele Chretien. San Francisco Examiner; Helen Winslow, Boston
Beacon; Lou V. Chapin, Chicago Graphic; recording secretary, Virginia Lull,
the Chicago Evening Journal; corresponding secretary, Eve H. Brodlique,
the Chicago Times; corresponding secretary representative board, Isabella
O'Keefe; treasurer, Antoinette Van Hoesen Wakeman, the Chicago Evening
Post; chairman auditing board, Mary E. Bundy, the Religio- Philosophical
Journal; assistant secretary, Norah Gridley; representatives at large, A. V. H.
Wakeman, Chicago Evening Post; Illinois, Virginia Lull, Chicago Evening
Journal; Ohio, Claudia I. Murphy, Toledo Commercial; Michigan, Sarah J.
La Tour, American Tyler, Detroit, Mich.; Indiana, Ida A. Harper, Indianap-
olis News; Iowa, Pauline Given Swalin, Oskaloosa Herald; California," Win-
fred Sweet Black; New Jersey and New York periodicals, Hester M. Poole;
New York, Florence Ives; Massachusetts, Helen M. Winslow, Boston Beacon;
Nebraska, Ellia Peattie, Omaha World-Herald; Minnesota, Ruth Kimball, St.
Paul Globe.
Saracen Club. Organized 1876. The originators of the club were
Henry W. Fuller and Dr. Samuel Willard and it was named the Saracen
because its members proposed to criticise ideas and literature as unsparingly
as the Saracens fought their enemies and giving as little quarter. There is no
clubhouse. For sixteen years the members have met around at each other's
homes, thus preserving a marked social feature. There is always a paper,
followed by a discussion, and then a supper is served by her who it chances is
the hostess of the evening. The entertainment is frequently quite elaborate,
as the Saracen members are people of ample means and social prominence.
There are eighty of them in all and each member has the privilege of bringing
a friend, so that to have a meeting of the Saracens at one's home is no ignoble
affair. During the winter seasons the meetings are held every month and are
discontinued in the summer. The membership is largely composed of doctors,
lawyers and literary men and their wives, with a sprinkling of unmarried
folk. Every year they give an entertainment and dinner at Kinsley's, which
is quite a fashionable gathering. During the whole list of presidents there has
been only one lady at the head of affairs, Mrs. George A. Harding, who is also
a member of the Fortnightly and Chicago Women's clubs. The officers for
1892 are: President Merritt Starr; vice-presidents, Mrs. Sumner Ellis, Austin
Bierbower and Dr. Marie J. Mergler; secretary and treasurer, Norman P.
Willard; executive committee, Irving K. Pond, Mrs. John Wilkinson, E. B.
Sherman, Mrs. Charles Guy Bolte, Edwin Burritt Smith.
Spanish American Club. Meets usually at the Tremont house. The aim
of the association is the better understanding of the Spanish language and
the customs of the people and the products of the Latin countries. While as
yet the club is purely social, later it will undoubtedly become active in prac-
tical lines. Among those prominently connected with the organization are
City Treasurer Peter Kiolbassa, August E. Gans, Alberto Zarate, J. M.
Wiers, E. F. Cotilla, E. S. Douglas, A. Raphael, A. C. Aaback, B. T.
Thomas, Manuel S. Molano, Mrs. A. M. L. Coleson and Miss Grace L. Dick-
inson.
Tuesday Rinding Club. Organized in 1891, Mrs. Jean M. Waldron, a
prominent North Side woman, being its originator. It was her idea to form a
reading club wherein ladies might meet for the study of good literature and
to leran how to read it expressively. The idea took and a coterie of North
Side ladies have banded together and meet every Tuesday evening for the
THE ENCYCLOPEDIA. 253
pleasant exercises. As the club meets at the respective homes of the mem-
bers, there is afforded a charming opportunity for sociability, a factor which
never has been overlooked. Light refreshments are served, and sometimes
the ladies sit down to a dainty luncheon. But the literary part is counted as
the first and greatest part of the club's existence.
Twentieth Century Club. Established November 9, 1880, very much on
the plan of the .Nineteenth Century club of New York. It is a club which
admits both ladies and gentlemen, in fact its founder was a lady, Mrs. George
R. Grant, who had returned from the Atlantic coast full of the new idea.
Mrs. Grant is a society leader, as well as a beautiful and accomplished woman,
a daughter of Fernando Jones. She has been the mainspriug of the Cen-
tury club ever since its inception, though the presidents have been of the
sterner sex. For the first two years Maj. Kirkland filled that office, and a;
present Charles D. Hamill, who is well-known as the new president of the
board of trade, stands at the head of this fashionable literary organization.
The object of the club is the promotion of serious thought upon art,
science and literature, and the entertainment of distinguished men and women
of other cities of this and other countries. Such individuals as have achieved
distinction in their respective departments of knowledge are invited to meet
the club and speak before it. The officers are: President, Charles D. Hamill;
vice-presidents, L. C. Collins, Jr., Mrs. Charles Heurotin; secretary, Mrs.
George R. Grant, 1834 Prairie avenue; treasurer, William Morton Payne,
1601 Prairie avenue; general committee, Elwyn A. Barron, Hugh T. Birch,
Ingolf K. Boyesen, Charles Page Bryan, L. C. Collins,' Jr., Charles D.
Hamill, Joseph Kirkland, A. C. McClurg, William Morton Payne, Henry B.
Stone, David Swiug, Charles Walsh, Mrs. H. C. Brainard, Miss Amy Fay,
Mrs. George R. Grant, Mrs. W. Q. Gresham, Mrs. Charles Henrotin, Mrs.
Fernando Jones, Mrs. Joseph Medill, Mrs. S. J. Medill, Miss Harriet S. Mon-
roe, Mrs. G. M. Pullman, Mrs. H. O. Stone, Mrs. H. M. Wilmarth.
Women's Reading. Circle of S^nth Evanston. Organized November 5,
1890, meets semi-monthly; membership limited to twenty-live; object, the study
of history. Mrs. Alexander Clark, director.
CLUBS STATE SOCIAL ORGANIZATIONS.
The American population of Chicago is composed in great part of natives
of other sections of the United States. The States of Indiana, Kentucky,
Ohio, Pennsylvania, New York, New Jersey, New Hampshire, Vermont, Con-
necticut, Rhode Island and Massachusetts are very largely represented here
among the mercantile and professional classes. The natives of a number of
the States have formed themselves into organizations of a social character,
which are referred to below.
California Pioneers. The Western Association of California Pioneers
was organized January, 1890. The society is composed principally of persons
who crossed the plains in 1849, and for the purpose of bringing together for-
mer residents of the State of California. Its meetings are held at the Grand
Pacific Hotel, and its annual meeting is held on the 18th day of January in
each and every year, in commemoration of the day on which gold was first
discovered in California, January 18, 1848. The officers are: Charles P.
254 GUIDE TO CHCAGO.
Jackson, president; Addison Ballard, first vice president; Thad. P. SearS,
second vice-president; John B. Kerr, secretary; Davis W. Miller, treasurer;
trustees: George G. Custer, J. A. B. Waldo, Samuel Waugh, George A.
Emery, Addison Ballard, Chicago; Wm. N. Brainard, Evanstou, 111.; Cam-
den Knight, Custer Park 111.
North Pacific Association. To include former residents and natives of
Alaska, Washington, Idaho and Montana. Object, to bring together former
residents of the sections named in order to advance .the interests of that
division of the Union, and to formulate the best plans for the proper enter-
tainment of the people of the North Pacific section during the World's Colum-
bian Exposition.
Ohio Society of Chicago. Organized April 29, 1890, the charter members
being Charles E. Bliven, Charles D. Hauk, John T. Shayne, E. S. Jeuison,
Samuel Parker, Dr. Listen H. Montgomery, Leroy D. Thoman. The resi-
dent members number 151; non-resident members, 13; honorary members 11,
making a total membership in March, 1892, of 175. The society meets quar-
terly, on the first Tuesdays in January, April, July and October. The annuai
meeting is held on April 30th. In the list of honorary members are included
the following : Benjamin Harrison, President of the United States ; Ruther-
ford B. Hayes, ex-President of the United States ; Charles Anderson, of Eddy-
ville, Ky.; Gen. Jacob D. Cox, of Cincinnati, Ohio; ex-Governor R. M.
Bishop, Cincinnati, Ohio ; ex-Governor Charles Foster, Fostoria, Ohio ;
ex-Governor George Hoadley, New York ; ex-Governor Joseph B. Foraker,
Cincinnati, Ohio ; Governor James E. Campbell, Columbus, Ohio; Allen G.
Thurman, Columbus, Ohio. Among other prominent members are : Bishop
Merrill, Prof essor Swing, Dr. Barrows, Dr. Gunsaulus, the Rev. G. K. Flack,
Dr. Arthur Edwards, the Rev. R. D. Scott, ""Colonel H. C. Corbin, ex-Gov-
ernor John M. Hamilton, General Benjamin Butterworth, Judge Baker, John
B. Drake, Major F. Q. Ball, Colonel J. S. Cooper, C. S. Darrow, J. W. Ells-
worth, P. S. Grosscup, W. W. Gurley, S. W. Stone, Wm. A. Mason, and many
other names equally well-known. The officers of the society elected at its last
meeting were: President, Judge L. D. Thoman, ex-United States CivilService
Commissioner; Vice-presidents, Charles E. Bliveu, Win. A. Ewing, Albert
H. Massey, Geo. Watkins, Lucius B. Montonya, Oscar M. Smith, Daniel W.
Mills, Henry D. Overdier, and Geo. W. Anderson. Honorary Vice-presidents,
Joseph Medill, Anthony F. Seeberger, William Penn Nixon, Joseph B. Leake,
John B. Drake. Secretary, Dr. L. H. Montgomery; Treasurer, Samuel Parker;
Trustees, John T. Shayne, Geo. P. Jones, Chas. D. Hauk, Addison Ballard,
Amos J. Harding, Henry J. Bohn, Theo. P. Elliott, Aaron J. Mik^clie,
Edward S. Jenison. In a circular issued by the officers on May 1, 1890,
the object of the society is set forth as follows : " We believe it desirable to
have a social organization in this city of former residents of Ohio, to the end
that the enviable position attained by our native State in the recent contest for
the location of the World's Fair may be maintained." Any person over eighteen
years of age, of good moral character, and who is a native, or the son of a
native, of the State of Ohio, or has been a resident of Ohio fora period of five
years, may be admitted as an active member. Any person of the age and
THE ENCYCLOPEDIA. 255
character and similarly qualified, residing in Ohio or born therein, or having
been a resident thereof for five years, ana residing elsewhere than in the city
of Chicago, and not within fifty miles thereof, may be admitted as a non-resi-
dent member. Non-resident members shall be entitled to all of the privileges
of the society, except that they shall not vote or hold office. Admission fee,
$10 ; annual dues, $.5 ; non resident members' admission fee, $5 ; no dues.
Sons of Chicago. Organized 1892. Native born Chicagoans are alone
elligible to membership. Thomas H. Cannon, chairman, Clark C. Rolf,
secretary.
Sons of Connecticut. Organized 1891. Requisite for membership, birth
in the State of Connecticut. Object, to promote the interests of that State in
the World's Columbian Exposition, and for social purposes. Officers : Presi-
dent, E. St. John ; Vice-President, Frank M. Blair ; Secretary and Treasurer,
C. W. Newton, 7 Randolph st. Executive Committee : E. St. John, Frank
M. Blair, Joseph Woodruff, F. W. Short, C. W. Newton.
Sons of Delaware. Organized June 20, 1890 ; membership about 35.
Requisite to membership, birth in the State of Delaware. A social organiza-
tion. Initiation fee, $2.00. Officers: President, F. L. Ford ; Vice-President,
T. H. Glenn ; Treasurer, M. J. Powers ; Secretary, A. Lloyd, 3800 Vincennes
avenue.
Sons of Indiana. Organized December 20, 1890. Present membership,
about 125. Requisites for membership, former residence in the State of
Indiana, present residence in Co*bk county, Illinois. Meetings hela quarterly,
first Tuesdays in January, April, July and October, at such places as may be
named by the president. First banquet held February 24, 1891, in celebra-
tion of the anniversary of the capture of Viucennei by George Rogers Ciark.
The date of the annual banquets is fixed at December 11, in celebration of
the admission of Indiana as a State into Union. Initiation fee, $1.(0; annual
dues, $1.00. Assessments are made to meet expenses of banquets, etc. The
officers are: President, John Lyle King; 1st vice-president, D. M. Hillis; 2d
vice-president. J. W. Helm; secretary, Geo. W. Wiggs; treasurer, E. W.
Akinson; executive committee, J. Harvey Bates, J. M. Olcott, J. William
Telm, Geo. W. Wiggs, James M. Starbuck, W. C. Niblack, Lawrence P.
B -yle.
Sons of Louisiana. Organized May 1, 1889. Membership, about 50.
Requisite for membership, former residence in the State of Louisiana. Initia-
tion fee, $2.00 ; dues, $6.00 per annum ; meet first Monday of each month.
Officers: President, G. W. Becker; vice-president, Seymour Walton; secre-
tary and treasurer, F. R. Sonthmayd.
Sons of Maine. Organized April 3, 1880. Present membership, about
200. Requisite for membership, birth in the State of Maine, regardless of sex.
No stated place of meeting, one of the leading hotels being usually selected for
semi-annual gatherings and banquets. Initiation fee, $1.00 ; annual dues,
$1.00. Assessments are made to cover expenses incurred. The officers are :
President, E. F. Getchell; 1st vice-president, Geo. L. Dunlap; 2d vice-pres-
ident, J. J. P. Odell; 3d vice-president, J. B. Hobbs; treasurer, William
Sprague: secretary, Frank Hamlin (son of Hon. Hannibal Hamlin, and a
ri-ing young lawyer), room 77, 119 La^alle st. ; directors: Geo. M. Sargent,
Geo. A. Emery, F. H. Smith, C. F. Kimball, Newton Goodwin, W. H.
Andrews, F. A. Johnson. The Sons of Maine have on their list of members
the names of many leading citizens of Chicago.
256 GUIDE TO CHICAGO.
Sons of Massachusetts. Organized November 12, 1889. Present member-
ship, about 150. Meet semi-annually at the Grand Pacific Hotel. The object
of the association, as stated in the by-laws, is " to cherish the memory of our
mother State, to acknowledge our love and fidelity to her, t'o perpetuate her
memory to those who come after us, and to maintain a patriotic love and devo-
tion to our common country, composed of all States." Any citizen of Illinois
born in Massachusetts, or formerly residing there, is eligible to membership.
AD annual assessment is made upon the members for the liquidation of such
expenses as may be incurred. The officers are: President, Erskine M.
Phelps; vice-presidents, fcilas N. Brooks, Edward F. Lawrence, Porter P.
Heywood; secretary, Edward H. Griggs; treasurer, Norman W. Harris;
Directors, Chas. Lyman Case, E. W. Brooks, Charles E. Field, Joeiah L.
Lombard, John B. Clarke, Henry Slade, E. A. Simonds, Edward O. Parker,
John C. Policy.
Sons of Michigan. A Society composed of former residents of Michigan.
President, Joseph A Nealey; secretary, Richard Altrogh; treasurer, John W.
Irvine. The object of the club is to provide entertainment to Michigan people
coming here during the World's Fair.
Sons of New York. An Association of the natives of the State of New
York was formed early in September, 1889, and was incorporated on January
2, 1890. Its object or purpose was to co-operate with other State societies in
the effort then being made to secure the location of the great Inteinational
Exposition at Chicago. To this end the members of the Association, individ-
ually and collectively, devoted their time and influence with characteristic
zeal and energy. The membership of the Association increased at so rapid a
rate that it was resolved to make the organization permanent, which was done,
as mentioned above, by incorporating under the laws of Illinois. The princi-
pal object of the Association is the occasional bringing together at re-unions
of the resident men and women who hail from the Empire State for the pur-
pose of social intercourse, to renew past acquaintance, form new friendships
and cultivate the amenities incidental to a common citizenship. The society
of the Sons of New York has a .membership of over seven hundred, hailing
from every county in the State of New York, and many of whom were form-
erly friends and neighbors, but now residents of the great Empire City of the
West, in the growth and development of which the New Yorkers have ever
been conspicuous. Meets once a month at the Sherman House. ' Officers:
President, De Witt C. Cregier; first vice-president, J. Irving Pearce; second
vice-president, Solomon Thatcher, Jr.; third vice-president, J. L. Hotchkin;
secretary, John E. Davis, 154 Lake st. ; treasurer, Cbas. E. Leonard; directors,
Potter Palmer, Nelson Steele, Geo. H. Harlow, D. Miks and Daniel H.
Pinnery.
Sons of Pennsylvania. Organized December, 1889; present membership,
about 800. The association is comprised; 1st, of native born or resident Penn-
sylvania^; 2d, of former citizens of Pennsylvania, who have resided at least
tea yers in the State; 3d, of those who have been connected with the
University, or any of the colleges, scientific or professional institutes of
Pennsylvania; 4th, of those who served during the war in any Pennsylvania
regiment, and may also include as members thoe still residing in Pennsyl-
vania; numbers among its honorary members, Geo. W. Childs, Andrew
Carnagie, Ex-Gov. Beaver, Gov. Patterson, Ad jutant General Hastings, Post-
Master General Wanamaker and others. The object of the association, as
stated in the preamble of the constitution, is " for the purpose of promoting
more intimate acquaintance with each other, cultivating and keeping
THE ENCYCLOPEDIA. 257
alive the associations, and reviving the recollections of our native State;
and, to the end that we may the better act in regard to all matters per-
taining to the common interest of the State of Pennsylvania and the
State of our adoption." Initiation fee,*$2.00; annual dues, $1.00. Meetings
are held monthly at the Palmer House. Election of officers occurs on the
first Monday in December, annually. At least one banquet is held every
year. In an address issued by the officers, the following presentation of the
organization's aims is made: The "Sous of Pennsylvania" is an organiza-
tion growing out of the Pennsylvania Auxiliary Committee of the World's
Fair, and is a permanent association, devoted to the development of an
expression of those social and fraternal influences which cling to the mem-
ories and incidents of " Home " in " The Keystone State " of Pennsylvania.
During the World's Fair season, the fraternal instincts of the Association will
gladly assist all Pennsylvanians, whether residents of the Keystone State or
citizens of "The Empire of the West," to secure home comforts at that moder-
ate cost which, upon great occasions in large cities, is so difficult of access to
the temporary sojourner. It may serve to still further endear the Associa-
tion to the heart of every Pennsylvanian to know that in its permanent form
of organization, one of its special duties will be to demonstrate the value and
extent of the influence exerted by Pennsylvanians throughout the entire
West, in its social, commercial and professional progress." The officers are:
President, Hon. W. B. Cunningham; vice-presidents, Franklin MacVeagh,
Dr. Swayne Wickersham, Hon.H M Shepard, Hon. J. J. Brinkerhoff, Capt.
J. B. Clow treasurer, Dr. J. W. Slonaker; secretary, Frederick J. Patterson,
449, "The Rookery," Chicago; executive committee, Austin L. Nestlerode,
chairman; Hon. Thos. D. McClelland, Major C. I. Wickersham, J. C. Ander-
son, W. B. Cunningham, F. J. Patterson; finance committee, Gen. Jos.
Stocton, chairman; Dr. A. P. Gilmore, Dr. John F. Williams, Wm. Y.
Daniels; membership committee, Atlee V. Coale, chairman; C. E. Bruner, S.
E. Gross, C. S. Burrows, E. C. Loomis, B. B. Anderson. The membership
of the Sons of Pennyslvania is comprised of many of Chicago's leading citi-
zens in every honorable walk of life.
Sons of Rhode Island. Organized November 12, 1889. Present member-
ship about 100. Initiation fee, $1.00; annual dues, $].UO. Meets annually on
the first Tuesday in October at such place as the preside nt may direct. Other
meetings may be called during the year. The preamble to the constitution
sets forth the purpose of the association as that of " promoting more intimate
acquaintance with each other, cultivating and keeping alive the associations
and reviving the recollections of our native State, and to the end that we may
the better act in regard to all matters pertaining to the common interests of
the State of Rhode Island and the city and State of our adoption." The
membership of this association consists "of gentlemen and ladies who were
born in Rhode Island, residing in Illinois at the time of joining the associa-
tion, and such other gentlemen as claim to be Rhode Islanders, or who served
in any Rhode Island regiment during the war, or who have been connected
with Brown University, and shall be recommended by the membership com-
mittee, upon their signing the constitution ana by-laws and paying the
required fee." The officers are: President, Col. W. A. James; vice-presidents,
H. B. Cragin, David Fales. Charles J. Mauran, J. M. Francis, C. P. Walcott;
258 GUIDE TO CHICAGO.
secretary, Henry A. Taylor; treasurer, Willliam B. Bocart ; executive com-
mittee, H. L. Belden, W. P. Cragin, J. B. Marsh, J.^G. Cozzens, J. W.
Lyon; membership committee, W. B. Ballou, F. P. Crandon, (). S. Westcott,
E. L. Barber, C. L. Weaver; delegate* to State Association, W A. James, J.
T. Bowen, E. F. Cragin. An annual assessment is made to cover expenses
incurred.
Sons of Vermont. Organized January 10, 1877. Present membership
about 275. Object, the perpetuation of the memory of the mother State, and
social intercoime among her sons. Originally it was requisite that an appli-
cant for membership should be a native of Vermont, but by a recent amend-
ment to the constitution sons of Vermontersov located on ground
of its own, about three minutes' "walk from the University campus in Evan-
ston. To accommodate the many young ladies who desire to secure an edu-
cation at a cost somewhat less than the regular rates, the ' ' College Cottage,"
a brick building near the Woman's College, has been erected. The young
ladies in this building have charge of a large share of the domestic arrange-
ments, and expenses are thereby greatly reduced. Co-educalion has been
found to work successfully at Northwestern, and experience shows the
ladies to be in every respect the equals of the young men in college work.
PREPARATORY SCHOOL. Owing to the lack of good secondary schools
the University found it necessary many years ago to establish its own pre-
paratory department. In this school the advanced grade of scholarship
which the University seeks to maintain may be begununder the direct super-
vision of the authorities of the University. The number of students in the
preparatory departments has steadily grown until during 1890 there were
nearly 700 students in attendance, an increase of 100 per cent, in about
four years. The graduates of this department pass, in general, to the
Freshman Class of the College of Liberal Arts, but many here complete their
preparations for Eastern colleges. The applicant should be at least thirteen
years of age, and must have such proficiency as to be able in one term to
complete Geography, and in two terms to complete Arithmetic and English
ME ENCYCLOPEDIA. 283
grammar. Faculty: Rev. Herbert F. Fisk, D. D., principal ; Rev. Joseph
L. Morse, A. M., assistant principal ; Charles B. Thwing, A. M., instructor
in physics ; Ada Townsend, A. B., .instructor in Latin ; Charles H. Gordon,
M. S., instructor in natural history ; George W. Schmidt. Ph. B., instructor
in German ; Henry Benner, M. S., instructor in mathematics ; John A. Scott,
B. A., instructor in Greek ; Charles H. Zimmerman, B. A., instructor in
Latin ; Effie K. Price, A. B., instructor in English ; Louise Pearsons, A. B.,
instructor in mathematics ; Arthur H. Wilde, A. B., B. D., instructor in
Latin ; John A. Walz, instructor in French ; Zuba E. Ferguson, instructor in
drawing.
GARRETT BIBLICAL INSTITUTE. The faculty is as follows: Rev. Henry
B. Ridgaway, D. D., LL. D., president; Rev. Miner Raymond, D. D., LL. D.;
Rev. Charles F. Bradley, D. D.; Rev. Milton 6. Terry, D. D.; Rev. Charles
W. Bennett, D. D., LL. D.; Robert L. Cumnock, A. M.; Rev. Charles Hors-
well, A. M., B. D.; Rev. Nels E. Simonsen, A. M., B. D. The Garrett Bib-
lical Institute, the theological department of the University, has been in
operation since 1856. It is open to all young men from any evangelical
church who are proper persons to study in preparation for the Christian min-
istry. It is supported by the income from property in the city of Chicago
bequeathed as a perpetual foundation by the late Mrs. Eliza Garrett. It is
essential that those who enter this school should have good preparation in
previous study. The regular course of study extends through three years and
leads to the degree of Bachelor of Divinity. There is a diploma course and
an Eclectic English course for those who are not classical graduates of a col-
lege. In connection with the theological school there is a Norwegian-Danish
department. Rev. Nels E. Simonsen, A. M., B. D., is principal.
SWEDISH THEOLOGICAL SEMINARY. The Swedish Theological Seminary
was established in 188^ and is the only school of its kind under the patronage
of the Methodist Episcopal Church. "From this school preachers are sent out
to nearly every State in the Union. It was called into existence to meet the
urgent and increasing demands for educated pastors and missionaries among
the Swedish population in the United States. Rev. Albert Ericson, A. M., is
president, and Rev. C. G. Wallenius is assistant professor.
SCHOOL OF ORATORY. The School of Oratory, under the direction of
Prof. R. L. Cumnock, A. M., the noted elocutionist, has become widely
known and is largely attended. Students from other colleges, while prepar-
ing for various oratorical contests, frequently come to Northwestein for
special training in this school. A high standard of oratory is maintained at
Northwestern, and the prize speaking at commencement brings together a
great audience. The College of Oratory offers a two years' course of study
and gives to its graduates a certificate of graduation.
CONSERVATORY OF Music. The Conservatory of Music has for some time
been one of the prominent departments of the University. It affords facilities
for a thorough and systematical education in the theory and practice of music.
Pupils in music are advised to pursue at the same time some studies in one of
the literary departments of the University. Four courses of study are offered,
each occupying four years. Faculty Piano, P. C. Lutkiu, Allen H. Spencer,
Mamie C. Lull, Cornelia Hopkins, Jennie Sanborn; voice culture, J. Harry
Wheeler, Edith Gale; organ, P. C. Lutkin, Wm. H. Cutter; theory and com-
position, P. C. Lutkin; harp, Julia Phelps; violin, Joseph Vilim; guitar and
banjo, Geo. H. Bowers; sight-reading and chorus classes, William Smedley.
284 GUIDE TO .CHICAGO.
ASTRONOMICAL, DEPARTMENT. The astronomical department of the Uni-
versity is located at Evanston. The new observatory, a stone building eighty-
one feet in length by seventy-one feet in breadth, includes a dome for the
great equatorial telescope, a meridian circle room, a library and eight addi-
tional rooms for other purposes. The great Dearborn telescope, an equatorial
refractor, was made by Alvan Clark & Sons, of Cambridge, Mass., in 1861.
This insturment was the largest refractor in the world until a few years ago,
and now has few superiors. The observatory will be open to visitors on
Thursday evening of each week by previous arrangement with the director.
Visitors may also be admitted at other times by making special arrangements
with the president of the University or the director of the observatory.
The location of the observatory is on the lake shore, about half a mile
north of the main buildings of the university. While in this vicinity the
visitor should visit the Evanston Water Works and Grosse Point Light House,
which are located a little farther to the north. There is a magnificent drive
along the lake shore here also, extending north to Fort Sheridan, or a re'urn
may be made upon the old Green B ly road, which is met after a circuit
around the point, and carries the visitor back on Ridge ave. , the finest resi-
dence street in Evanston. Prom Grosse Point may be witnessed the most
dangerous roadway on the lake, and the one most frequented by vessels.
Dense fogs settle here through the navigation season, and for the protection
of shipping the Government has located a fog-horn in the vicinity.
CHICAGO DEPARTMENTS. The Chicago departments of the University
include the Medical School, Law School, School of Pharmacy, and Dental
School.
THE MEDICAL SCHOOL. The Northwestern University Medical School,
formerly known as the Cbicago Medical College, is located in Chicago, adjoin-
ing the Mercy Hospital. The course of study is graded; it extends over three
years, and leads to the Degree of Doctor of Medicine. Students who begin
their medical studies in this college are required to take three full courses of
lectures. Applicants for admission must present diplomas or certificates from
recognized colleges, schools of science, academies, high schools, or teachers'
certificates of the first or second grade, or sustain an examination in the
following subjects: 1. English The writing of a composition, in the form
of a letter, of not less than three hundred words, relatiug to some well known
recent event ; the subject to be announced at the time of the English exami-
nation. 2. Arithmetic Prime and composite numbers, factors, divisors and
multiples; proportion; decimals, including percentage; simple and compound
interest and discount, but not the technical parts of commercial arithmetic:
English weights and measures and the metric system. 3. Geography A
reasonable familiarity with the principal facts in physical and civil geog-
raphy, as taught in the public schools. 4. At the option of the candidate,
either one of the following subjects: (a) Latin The translation into Eng-
lish of a short passage of average difficulty from one of the first four books
of Ctesar's " Commentaries on the Gallic War," and the answering of ele-
mentary questions relating to the grammar of the passage, (b) German
The translation into English of short passages of average difficulty from
"Whitney's German Reader," and the answering of elementary questions
relating to the grammar of the passages, (c) Physics Balfour Stewart, or
its equivalent. Exception Special students, not candidates for the degree
of M. D., will be admitted without the presentation of diplomas or certifi-
sj
o >
u <
THE ENCYCLOPEDIA. - 285
cates, and without the examination mentioned above. Faculty: Henry "Wade
Rogers, LL. D., president; Edward O. F. Roler, A. M., M. D., professor
emeritus of obstetrics; Nathan S. Davis, M. D. , LL. D., Dean, professor of
principles and practice of medicine and clinical medicine; Edmund Andrews,
M. D., LL. D., treasurer, professor of clinical surgery; Ralph N. Isham,
A. M., M. D., professor of principles and practice of surgery and clinical
surgery; John H. Hollister, A. M., M. D., professor of clinical medicine;
Samuel J. Jones, M. D..LL. D., professor of ophthalmology and otology;
Marcus P. Hatfield, A.M., M. D., professor of diseases of children; JohnH.
Long, Sc. D., professor of chemistry and director of chemical labratory;
Emilius Clark Dudley, A. M., M. D., professor of gynaecology; John E.
Owens, M. D. , professor of principals and practice of surgery and clinical
surgery; Oscar C. DeWolf, A. M., M. D., professor state medicine and public
hygiene; Frederick C. Schaefer, M. D., professor of descriptive anatomy;
Isaac N. Danforth, A. M., M. D., professor of clinical medicine; William E.
Casselberry, M. D., professor of materia medica and therapeutics, laryn-
gology and rhinology: William W. Jaggard, A.M., M. D., professor of
obstetrics; Nathan S. Davis, Jr., A. M., M. D., professor of principles and
practice of medicine; Frank 8. Johnson, A. M., M. D., professor of general
pathology and pathological anatomy; Frank Billings, M. S., M. D. , secre-
tary, professor of physical diagnosis and clinical medicine and lecturer on
practice of medicine; E. Wyllys Andrews, A. M., M. D., professor of clin-
ical surgery; Frank T. Andrews, A. M., M. D., professor of histology;
George W. Webster, M. D., professor of physiology; Joseph Zeisler.M . D.,
professor of dermatology and syphilis; Herbert H. Frothingham, M. D.,
professor of descriptive anatomy; Elbert Wing, A. M., M. D., professor of
nervous and mental diseases, and medical jurisprudence; William E. Morgan,
M. D., lecturer on operative surgery and surgical anatomy; George S. Isham,
A. M.,M D., clinical assistant to professor of surgery; John D. Kales, M.
D., demonstrator of pathology; Rufus G. Collins, M. D., demonstrator of
obstetrical operations; Thomas Benton Swartz, A. M., M. D., demonstrator
of anatomy and clinical assistant in gynaecology ; Horace M. Starkey, M. D.,
clinical lecturer on ophthalmology and otology; Thomas J. Watkins, M. D.,
clinical assistant in gynaecology; Edward Tyler Edgerly, A. M., M. D.,
demonstrator of histology and instructor in physical diagnosis; John Leern-
ing, M. D., lecturer on materia medica; Jared C. Hepburn, M. D., clinical
assistant to laryngology and rhinology; James T. Campbell, M. D., assistant
demonstrator of anatomy; Samuel C. Plummer, A. M., M. D,, assistant
demonstrator of anatomy; Daniel N. Eisendrath, A. B., M. D., curator of
museum.
SCHOOL OF PHARMACY. The School of Pharmacy, located at the cor-
ner of Lake and Dearborn ts.,is one of the most numerously attended
schools of pharmacy in the country. The attendance during the last year
was 360. This college being especially designed for the education of drug-
gists, the requirements for entrance are such as will admit the great, majority
of drug clerks, apprentices and persons preparing for the drug business.
Thus a good common public school education is sufficient ; but no person
under eighteen years of age will be admitted. Faculty Henry Wade
Rogers, LL. D., president; Oscar Oldberg, Pharm. D , Dean, Professor of
Pharmacy; John H. Long, Sc. D., Professor of Chemistry; Edson S. Bastin,
GUIDE TO CHICAGO.
A. M., F. R. M. S., Professor of Botany; Wm. E. Quine, M. D., Professor
of Physiology, Therapeutics and Toxicology; William K. Higley, Ph. C.,
Professor of Microscopy; E. B. Stuart, Ph. G., Professor of Materia Medica
and Pharmacognosy ; M. A. Miner, Ph. C., Assistant, to the Chair of Phar-
macy; Mark Powers, -Sc. B., Assistant to the Chair of Chemistry; Harry
Kohn, Ph. M., Assistant to Chair of Pharmacy, and Instructor in Chemical
Laboratory.
COLLEGE OP DENTAL AND OVAL SURGERY. The college of dental and
oval surgery is one of the most recently established departments of the
University. The faculty numbers thirty-three professors and instructors.
The requirements for admission are the same as those of the Chicago Medical
College. The course of study iq graded and comprises three consecutive
annual courses of lectures and clinical teaching. A fourth year is provided
for those who desire to continue their studies and take the M. D. degree.
Faculty: Henry Wade Rogers, LL. D., president; E. D. Swain, D. D. 8.,
65 Randolph street, Chicago, dean; G. V. Black, M.D..D. D. S., professor of
dental pathology; Geo. H. Cushing, M. D., D. D. S., professor of principles
and practice of dental surgery; John S. Marshall, M. D., professor of clinical
oral surgery; Charles P. Pruyn, M. D., D. D. S. , professor of operative dent-
istry; Isaac A. Freeman, D. D. S., professor of clinical operative dentistry;
Thomas L. Gilmer, M. D., D. D. S., professor of oral surgery; Arthur B.
Freeman, M. D., D. D. S., professor of human and comparative dental anat-
omy; B. S. Palmer, B. S., D. D. S., professor of embryology and dental
histology; W. B. Ames, D. D. S., professor of prothetic dentistry; Arthur E.
Matteson, D. D. S., professor of orthodontia; E. L. Clifford, D. D. S., pro-
fessor of dental materia medica and Therapeutics; G. W. Haskins, M. D., D.
D. S., professor of metallurgy; G. W. Whiten'eld, M. D.. D. D. S., professor
of crown and bridge work; D. M. Cattell, D. D. S. , professor of operative
technics; H. P. Smith, D. D. S., instructor in prothetic technics.
THE LAW SCHOOL. The Law School is located at 40 Dearborn street.
The course of study covers two years. Students entering the junior class are
expected to have at least a good common school education. A knowledge of
Latin is desirable, but is not required. No discrimination on account of sex
or color. Faculty Henry Wade Rogers, LL. D., president; Hon. Henry
W. Blodgett, LL. D., dean; Hon. Henry Booth, LL. D., Hon. Harvey B.
Hurd, Hon. Marshall D. Ewell, LL. D., M. D.; Hon. William W. Far-
well, Hon. Nathan S. Davis, M. D., LL. D.
NUMBER OF PROFESSORS AND STUDENTS, 1891. The faculty numbers 150
professors and instructors. The total number of students in attendance dur-
ing the present year (1892) is between 2,250 and 2.300.
NEW LIBRARY BUILDING. Orringtou Lunt, of Evanston, has donated
$50,000 to the Northwestern Universiiy for the erection of a new library
building. The trustees have already taken steps to carry out the design of
the donor, and the work of construction will begin at an early date. The new
.library will be located on the campus amid the other university buildings.
The present library is in three rooms of an upper story of University Hall,
and contains 30,000 volumes. It is quite crowded and inconvenient, and the
need of more commodious quarters is greatly felt. Mr. Lunt has been a lib-
eral friend of the university, and his latest donation will be enthusiastically
welcomed by the students. The library of the Garrett Biblical Institute will
also have a place in the new structure, and it is possible that room for a
chapel may be provided.
THE ENCYCLOPEDIA. 287
UNIVERSITY LIBRARIES. Each of the professional schools of the Univer-
sity has its special library, supplementing the general library of the College
of Liberal Arts. This general library numbers about 23,000 bound volumes,
besides 8, 000 unbound pamphlets. It contains a large number of books for
general reading and reference, and for use in the several departments of
study. It is unusually complete in the departments of Greek and Latin
literature. Every author is represented by the best editions from the earliest
date. In the relited subjects of Archaeology, Criticism and History, the
Library is correspondingly full, so that in the special field of Classical
Philology it ranks with the best in America. In modern literature it is well
supplied with standard works in German, French, Spanish and Italian.
There is also a vdunble selection of books illustrating History, the Sciences
and Pine Arts. There is a reading room in connection with the Library
open morning and afternoon, supplied with a good collection of reviews and
other periodicals. Every student is entitled to its privileges.
St. Ignatius' College. Located at 413 West Twelfth St., adjoining the
Jesuit church. Take West Twelfth st. car. The college was erected in
1869 for the higher education of the Catholic youth of Chicago and vicinity.
It is conducted by Fathers of the Society of Jesus. A charter was granted
the institution by the Legislature of the State of Illinois June 80, 1870, with
power to confer the usual degrees in the various faculties of a university.
Th- Board of Managers are: Rev. Edward A. Higgins, S. J., president; Rev.
Edwin D. Kelly, S. J., vice-president; Rev. Eugene A. Magevney, S. J., sec-
retary; Rev. John F. Pahls, S. J., treasurer; Rev. JamesM.Hayes^S. J., Chan-
cellor. The Faculty is as follows: Rev. E. A. Higgins, S. J., president;
Rev. Geo. A. Hoeffer, vice-president and prefect of studies; Rev. J. F. Pahls,
S. J. , treasurer and professor of book-keeping; Rev. J. P. Hogan, S. J.,
professor of mental and moral philosophy; Rev. F. A. Moeller, S. J., professor
of natural philosophy; Mr. M. I). Sullivan, S. J., professor of mathematics and
chemistrv; Rev. F. X. Shulak, 8. J., professor of mineralogy and natural
history; Mr. W. H. Fanning, S. J., professor of rhetoric; Mr. C.B. Moulinier,
S. J., professor of poetry and elocution; Mr. T. C. McKeogh, 8. J., humani-
ties and elocution; Mr. H. B. McMahon, S. J., first academic class; Mr. T. F.
Conroy, S J. , second academic class and elocution; Rev. E. J. Hanhauser,
?. J., third academic class grade A; Mr. J. E. Stack, third academic
class grade B; Rev. T. B. Chambers, S. J., preparatory class; Rev. E. A.
Higgins, S. J., Mr. C. B. Moulinier, S. J., professors of French; Rev. F. A.
Moeller, S. J., Rev. E. J. Hauhauser, S. J., professors of German; Rev. F.
A. Moeller, S. J., professor of vocal music; Mr. T. C. McKeogh, S. J., Mr.
H. B. McMahon, S. J., prefects of discipline.
NORTH SIDE COLLEGIATE SCHOOL. Located at 616 La Salle ave., is con-
ducted under the following instructors: Rev. P. J. Mulconroy,S. J., director
first academic class ; Mr. J. B. Hemann, S. J., prefect of discipline, second
academic class; Mr. E. M. Paillow. S. J., prefect of discipline, third aca-
demic class; Mr. J. B. Hemann, professor of German and vocal music. The
studies pursued in the college comprise the doctrines and evidences of the
Catholic religion, logic, metaphysics, ethics, astronomy, natural philosophy,
chemistry, mathematics, rhetoric, composition, elocution, history, geogia-
phy, book-keeping, arithmetic, the Latin, Greek, English, German and
French languages and literature. The college is intended for day scholars
only. The collegiate year is divided into two terms, the first beginning on
the first Monday of September, the second on the first Monday of February.
288 GUIDE TO CHICAGO.
Students, however, are received at any time during the year. At the close
of eich term the several-classes are subjected to a thorough examination in
the branches studied during the previous half year. The Annual Commence-
ment'is held on the last Wednesday in June, when degrees are conferred and
premiums awarded. On completing the studies of the Collegiate Depart-
ment, those who prove deserving of the distinction receive the degree of
Bachelor of Arts. Subsequently, by devoting one year more to the study of
philosophy, or two years to any of the learned professions, they may obtain
the degree of Master of Arts, if the board of managers be satisfied with their^
proficiency and moral conduct. The Catholic students are carefully
instructed in the doctrines and practices of their religion, and the most solic-
itous attention is paid to the morals of all. Whilstupon the college premises,
the pupils are constantly under the watchful care of one. or more of the
Prefects or Professors.
TERMS OF TUITION. As the Institution is not endowed, it is entirely
dependent for its support on the fees paid for tuition. Tuition per session
of ten months, for all classes, $40. Students of chemistry and natural phi-
losophy, for the use of the apparatus, chemicals, etc., required for purposes
of ilustration and experiment, pay $10 per session. Diploma for graduates
inthe classical course, $10. The session is divided into quarters, which
begin, respectively, about the 1st of September, the 15th of November, the
1st of February and the 15th of April. Payments must be made quarterly
or seem-annually, in advance. No reduction is allowed for absence except
in case of dismission or protracted illness.
ST. XAVIER'S ACADEMY. Located at the corner of Wabash ave. and
Twenty-ninth st. Conducted by the Sisters of Cbarity. First opened in
1846, and is consequently one of the oldest, as it isone of thebest educational,
institutions of the city. Take State st. cable line. The building is a ia^ge
and handsome edifice of brick with stone trimmings. Hot and cold baths are
connected with the various departments, and the arrangement of thestructure
generally is well adapted to the purposes for which it is dedicated . The dis-
cipline of this academy is mild, yet conducted with such uniformity as to
secure order and regularity, and the young ladies entrusted to the rare o f the
sisters leave their charge cultivated intellectually, strengthened and fortified
morally, aad with habits fixed, which secures them good physical aswell as
mental health.
SCHOLASTIC YEAR. The scholastic year is divided into two sessions of
five months each, the first session commencing on the first of September; the
second on the first of February. A vacation of about one week is allowed at
Christmas, when pupils are permitted to visittheir parents if they desire it. If
residents of the city, they are permitted t>* do so once a month generally the
first Sunday of the month, unless deprived of this privilege for uon observ-
ance of rules. Wednesday aiid Sunday are visiting days for parents, rela-
tives or friends. The correspondence of the young ladies is, at all times,
subject to the supervision of the Directress, hence private correspondence is
not allowed. Pupils may enter at any lime during the year, their session
always commencing with date of entrance; but can in no case leave just
before the close of the year, without seriousdamage to theirstanding, besides
forfeiting prizes. No undue influeuceis exercised over the religiousopinions
of non-Catholic pupils; however, for the sake of the order, all are required to
conform to the external discipline of the Institution. Monthly examinations
are held and reports of deportment, scholarship, etc. , are forwarded to parents
THE ENCYCLOPEDIA. ' 289
and guardians. At the annual distribution of premiums, those who have
observed the rules and given evidence of polite and amiable deportment are
crowned by the Most Reverend Archbishop. Graduating Medals are con-
ferred on those only who take the full Academic Course, and ClassMedals are
awarded for the highest average. Each pupil is required to write home every
two weeks. Weekly instructions are given in politeness and all that consti-
tutes lady-like deportment. There are two general examinations each year,
after which any pupil who may be found duly qualified is promoted. The
daily routine for boarders is as follows: 5:30 o'clock, rise; 6:30 o'clock, mass,
followed by mornig prayers; 7 o'clock, breakfast, followed by recreation ; 8
o'clock, study; 9 o'clock, recitation in respective classrooms; 11:45 o'clock,
dinner and recreation; 12:30 o'clock, study; 1 o'clock, mathematics; S o'clock,
plain sewing, penmanship, etc.; 4 o'clock, luncheon and recreation; 4:30
o'clock, study lessons for next day; 5:45 o'clock, Rosary for Catholics; 6
o'clock, supper; 6:30 o'clock, recreation; 8 o'clock, night prayers, after which
all retire to their respective dormitories for the night, and do not visit the
rooms of others without special permission.
TERMS. Terms for boarders per series of five months in advance. Board
and tuition in English and music, $150; languages, each $10;- oil and water-
color painting, $40; portrait painting, $50; crayon and pastel painting, $40;
harp, $40; guitar, violin, banjo, mandolin, zither, each, $30; vocal lessonsand
harmony, each, $30; washing, $5. For chemical and physical apparatus, etc.,
in senior classes, $3. There are no other extra charges.
University of Chicago. The newest thing in the city is the new University
of Chicago. The old institution of that name, after a struggle for existence
for nearly thirty years, succumbed to financial difficulties in 1886, and sus-
pended its educational work. So profound, however, was the conviction that
Chicago was the ideal location for a great institution of learning, that efforts
began to be made almost immediately looking to the establishment of a new
university. It was soon found that John D. Rockefeller was interested in
the project. In 1888 the Baptists of the United States organized the Ameri-
can Baptist Educational Society, and elected Fred T. Gates its corresponding
secretary. Mr. Gates soon became persuaded that the first great work for
the new society to undertake was the establishment of a new university in
Chicago. He and Mr. Rockefeller entered into correspondence, and to fbefr
conferences with each other Chicago owes its university. In May, 1889, the
Education Society resolved to undertake the raising of $1,000,000 to found a
well equipped college in this city, and Mr. Rockefeller at once made a sub-
scription of $600,000, conditioned on the subscription being increased to a
full $1,000,000 within one year. T. W. Goodspeed was associated with Mr.
Gates in the effort to raise the $400,000 required by this condition. Not only
was this done within the time specified, but $150,000 more than was required
was secured.
Marshall Field gave a site of a block and a half valued at $125,000,
but now worth much more than that sum. To this gift from Mr. Field there
has since been added two and a half blocks, making the present site four
blocks. The intersecting streets have been vacated by the city council so
that the site consists of a solid block 802 by 1,261 feet, or nearly twenty-four
acres. The location is an ideal one. The side lies between Ellis and Lexing-
ton avenues, and Fifty-seventh street and Midway Plaisance. Washington
Park lies four blocks west and Jackson Park seven blocks east. The site.
290 GUIDE TO CHICAGO.
i'rouls south on the Plaisance which is itself a park connecting Washington
and Jackson. These magnificent parks will be the pleasure grounds of the
students, affording facilities for all kinds of outdoor games and exercises.
Immediately after the organization of the board of trustees, Prof. Wm.
Rainy Harper, of Yale University, was elected president of the university. It
was the conviction of Dr. Harper that the institution should from the outset
be in fact as well as iu name a true university. With this view Mr. Rocke-
feller and Mr. Gates heartily agreed, and on the day of Dr. Harper's election
to the presidency he read to the Board a new subscription from Mr. Rocke-
feller for one million dollars. This great sum was given for the express pur-
pose of making the new institution a true university. It required the estab-
lishment of a great graduate department, the transferring of the Morgan
Park Theological Seminary to the new site as the Divinity school of the
university, and the establishment of a well equipped academy in the buildings
of the seminary at Morgan Park.
In the spring of 1891 the executors and trustees of the estate of Wm. B.
Ogden, the first mayor of Chicago, designated seventy per cent, of the
bequest under Mr. Ogden's will for benevolent purposes to the new univer-
sity. In making the designation they expressed the hope that the university
would receive above $500,000 from the estate. With this sum the trustees are
to establish " The Ogden Scientific School of the University of Chicago," for
advanced graduate scientific instruction. Although there is a contest over
the will, the board is confident that the full amount indicated above will
finally be realized from the estate for the scientific school.
A NON-SECTARIAN INSTITUTION Although the University was con-
ceived and founded by Baptists it has not been their purpose to make it a
Baptist University. It is not to be managed or known as a sectarian institu-
tion. It is to be a Christian institution, but in no sense a sectarian one. The
people of Chicago of all religious views have contributed liberally to its
funds. Seven of the trustees are well-known citizens not members of Baptist
churches. A large number of the professors, several of them iu leading
positions, heads of departments, are members of other denominations. The
faculty represents the entire public. It was early determined by the trustees
that the head professors should be selected from among the most eminent
scholars and teachers in this country and Europe.
In pursuance of this policy the following well-known educators have
been selected as head professors and accepted their appointments: William
Gardner Hale, of Cornell University, head professor in Latin ; Albion W.
Small, President of Colby University, head professor in social science ; J.
Laurence Laughlin, of Cornell University, head professor in political econ-
omy; William I. Knapp, of Yale University, head professor in the romance
languages and literature.
TIIE COMPLETE FACULTY. Other head professors were being chosen
when this volume went to press. The completed list promises to be a bril-
liant one and to place the University at the outset in a leading place among
American Universities. These heads of departments will be ably seconded
by a large number of professors, associate and assistant professors, and other
instructors. Among the professors who have already won distinction are the
following :
Harry Pratt Judson, of the University of Minnesota ; Clarence J. Her-
rick, of the University of Cincinnati; Charles Chandler, of Denison Univer-
sity; Ezikiel G. Robinson, latejaresident of Brown University.
1HE ENCYCLOPEDIA. 291
The director of physical culture will be A. A. Stagg, the most famous of
Yale athletes.
BUILDINGS OF THE UNIVERSITY. The trustees began early to consider
the question of buildings. As it became more and more evident that one of
the great universities of the world was being established, they determined to
build intelligently and according to a preconceived plan. Henry Ives Cobb
was made the architect and a group of buildings was planned covering the
entire site and adapted to meet the needs of a great university. It was not
expected that all the buildiugs could be erected at once, or soon. But it was
believed that one fifth of the whole number might be built within five years,
and that the others would follow as they should be required. The first two
buildings were begun in November, 1891, and will be ready for occupancy
on the opening of the university, October 1, 1892.
The public buildings, university hall, recitation buildings, scientific
laboratories, collections buildings, library, chapel, science hall, gymnasium,
etc., are the central features of the plan. The dormitories, which, when
completed, will accommodate more than two thousand students, are arranged
in quadrangles on the four corners of the site. The nearest quadrangle in
the view is that of the women, the university giving to women the same
advantages as to men. The southwest quadrangle is that of the graduate stu-
dents, and on the north are the two intended for undergraduates, and between
these will rise the astronomical observatory.
The recitation building is one hundred and sixty-eight feet long and
eighty-five feet wide. It is arranged on a somewhat new plan. Each depart-
ment of instruction has, instead of one room, a suite of from three to six
rooms, in the central one of which is the departmental library or laboratory.
It is believed that this building will prove to be a model recitation hall.
It is estimated to cost $150,000, and is of course the one building that must be
had before the university can begin the work of instruction.
A dormitory is now being erected two hundred and seventy feet long,
and other buildings will be put up before the opening of the World's Fair.
The entire group of the university buildings will be of Blue Bedford stone.
The street fronts will be handsome, but all buildings will open, not on the
streets, but on the University campus, so that the grounds must be entered
to gain entrance to the buildings.
The University opens its doors to students and begins its work on Octo-
ber 1, 1892. The attendance for the first year promises to be very large, as
students have been reporting their names for two years.
NEW DEPARTURE IN EDUCATION. The new institution marks a new
departure in educational methods.
1. It continues in operation the year round. There will be four quar-
ters of twelve weeks each, with a vacation of one week between the end of one
quarter and the beginning of the nextT Each quarter is divided into two
terms of six weeks each.
2. All courses of instruction are classified as majors and minors, the
ni'ijor requiring from ten to twelve hours of classroom work each week, the
miuor four to six hours. Each student takes, as a rule, one major and one
minor study at a time.
3. Professors and students may take their vacations in any quarter, o?
may take any two terms for their vacations, one in one part of the year and
tke other in another part, or, if able, may work the entire year.
A teacher who teaches three full years of forty-eight weeks each, will
292 GUIDE TO CHICAGO.
be entitled to a full year's vacation on full pay. A student by working the
year round may complete the full college course in three years.
4. A student may enter at the bcginning.of any quarter or any term.
All students are admitted on examination, and may enter any stage of the
course for which they are prepared.
These arrangements are proving equally attractive to professors and stu-
dents, and seem to promise great advantages to both. The university has in
hand and in sight assets amounting to about $3,000,000, above two-thirds of
which will be in the form of a permanent endowment fund, it is now
appealing to the citizens of Chicago for $1,000,000 as a building fund. It is
also confidently believed that the endowments will be so increased as to insure
for Chicago one of the great universities of the world.
University School. New building located at Dearborn avenue and Elm
street, North Side. Take North State street or North Clark street cars.
The building is three stories, 50 by 90 feet, of the Gothic order, and cost
$100,000. The exterior is plain and simple, of terra cotta for the first course
up to eight feet in height, above which the walls rise in brown stone. The
ornamentation is in terra cotta and brown stone. The basement entrance
opens to a large area, a shelter for bicycles. From thisopen the boys' manual
training school, 20 by 65 feet, in which are turning lathes and all appliances
for manual training confined to a complete course as applied to woodwork.
Adjoining this are two bowling alleys of the regulation length, sixty -five
feet. Near by is the swimming bath, chemical laboratory, with concrete
floor, the special apparatus for ventilation, boilers, engine-rooms, etc. The
first floor, from an arched entrance, shows the court room, embellished with
classical emblems sculptured in stone. In this room each boy has a separate
locker. Near by is the lavatory and the fire-proof light well. The main
study, a room fifty feet square with fourteen foot ceiling, is so arranged that
all pupils receive the light over the left shoulder as they bend over their
books. The room is cheered by fire grates and heated by hot water. The
room for advanced classes in the classics is adjoining. It is 17 by 35 feet and
its walls are ornamented with busts of heroic characters, plates, etc. The
reception room and office of the master is on this floor. The second floor is
arranged as a wheel, with an office in the ctnter and halls radiating to the
various recitation rooms, which are 16 by 20 feet to accommodate each
fifteen boys. These rooms are decorated on walls aud corners with emblems
of the particular study pursued. The thiid floor has a large gymnasium,
fitted up by Dr. Sargent, of Harvard. The dressing and bath rooms are on
the same floor. The room for free-hand and mechanical drawing adjoins it.
There is a running track, elevated eleven fett from the floor r which encircles
this large room. In this room, which can be readily closed, the boys are put
through the manual of arms in military drill. The kitchen, luncheon-room
and visitors' gallery are on a level with this broad running track.
The University School prepares boys for colleges, universities or scien-
tific schools. E. C. Coulter, the master, a graduate of Felix Academy, of
Andover and of Princeton College, taught in Kew England five years. This
school is three years old. It is undenominational, owned and controlled by
an association of Chicago's leading men. The school trustees are Cyrus H.
McCormick, F. B. Peabody, General George W. Smith, John P. Wilson, W.
D. Kerfoot, Abram Poole E. C. Coulter. Among the stockholders are W.
I I ~* Q,
& p s
c i-j a
" O O
2. g c
n < -
El
x p
THE ENCYCLOPEDIA. 203
M. Hoyt, H. H. Porter, Potter Palmer, Henry Field, George Sturges, E. B.
McCagg, William H. Bradley, L. Z. Leiter, George M. Pullman, John John-
son, Jr., J. W. Farlin, L. Schmidt, E 8. Dreyer, E. F. Lawrence, C. B.
King. A. R. Smith, J. G, Coleman, L. W. Bodeman, James H. Walker, E.
R. Ryerson and F. H. Winston.
Western Theological Seminary. Located at 1113 Washington blvd.; take
West Madison street cable line to California avenue ; founded by the late
Dr. Tolman Wheeler, of Chicago, as an Episcopal Theological Seminary.
Dr. Wheeler built and equipped two buildings and partially endowed the
institution. There is also ground room for additional structures, and accom-
modations could be provided for one hundred students. The buildings are
situated on Washington boulevard, the principal avenue of the West Side,
about four miles from the lake and in the vicinity of Garneld Park. The
main building contains the Chapel, Refectory, Library, Lecture Rooms and
apartments for resident instructors. A second building contains accommo-
dations for about thirty students. Both buildings are heated by steam, and
are furnished with the best modern equipments for their respective purposes.
The aim of this Seminary is, in the words of the charter, " the education of
fit persons in the Catholic Faith, in its purity and integrity, as taught in the
Holy Scriptures, held by the Primitive Church, summed up in the Creeds,
and affirmed by the undisputed General Councils." While, therefore, its
principal work is the preparation of Candidates for Holy Orders, neverthe-
less, any fit persons, clergymen or laymen, and whether looking forward to
the sacred ministry or not, are received as students or admitted to attendance
upon the lecture courses of the Seminary under proper conditions. It is
intended to afford every opportunity and assistance to theological students in
preparing themselves for the examinations required by the canons of the
Church for admission to Holy Orders, and in fitting themselves for the
priestly life and work.
The board of Trustees is composed as follows : The Bishop of Chicago,
president ; the Bishop of Quincy, the Bishop of Springfield, the Bishop of
Indiana, the Rev. Clinton'Locke, D. D.; the Rev. F. W. Taylor, D. D. and
Mr. D. B. Lymau, the Rev. J. H. Knowles, the Rev. Richard F. Sweet, Mr.
Corning S. Judd, Mr. Edwin H. Sheldon; Mr. Charles R. Larrabee, treasurer.
FACULTY. The Board of Instruction is as follows: The Rt. Rev. Will-
iam E. McLaren, D. D., D. C. L., Dean, Dogmatic Theology; The Rt. Rev.
George F. Seymour, D. D..LL. D., Ecclesiastical History; The Rev. William
J. Gold, S. T. D., Liturgies and Exegesis; The Rev. Francis J. Hall, M. A.,
Theology; The Rev. F. P. Davenport, S. T. D., Canon Law. Rev. J. J.
Elmendorf, D. D., Moral Theology, and Apologetics; Rev. J. G. H. Barry,
Hebrew and Old Testament Exegesis.
COURSE OF STUDY. The course of study, as at present arranged, provides
for a period of five years. The curriculum is homogeneous throughout;
nevertheless, for the last three years it comprehends the usual studies of the
Candidate for Holy Orders. The following is a scheme of ihe five years'
course: First year Latin, Physics, English Literature, Greek, History, Rudi-
ments of Theology. Second year Latin, Greek, Readings from the Gospels
and Early Christian Authors, Logic, Psychology, History, Rudiments of
Theology. Third year Theology, Church History, Liturgies, New Testa
ment Exegesis, Readings from the Fathers, Hebrew, Canon Law. Fourth"
year Theology, Church History, Liturgies, New Testament Exegesis,
Hebrew, Ecclesiastical Polity and Law. Fifth year Theology, Church His-
tory, Liturgies, Old Testament Exegesis, Ecclesiastical Polity and Law.
294 GUIDE TO CHirAGO.
Practice in the Compaction and Deliveiy of Sermons takes place once a
week. Particular attention is paid to this subject. In speaking, the use of a
manuscript is not ordinarily permitted. Special instructions are given in
Elocution. The Seminary opens September 29th, the Festival of St. Michael
and All Angels, and closes about the 1st of June. There is a recess of two
weeks at Christmas, and also from Thursday in Holy Week until Easter
Tuesday. Students residing in the buildings are subject to a charge of $200
per year. This includes board, room, fuel and lights. Washing is done at
the Seminary at cost. The charge to students not living in the Seminary is as
may be agreed upon. Letters to the Dean should be addressed to him at 64
Astor street, Chicago. Letters addressed to instructors and students resident
in the Seminary should be addressed to 1113 Washington Boulevard, Chicago.
EDUCATIONAL INSTITUTIONS MEDICAL.
The Medical Collegtsof the city are as follows: AMERICAN COLLEGE OF
DENTAL SURGERY, 78-S2 S ate St.; BENNETT MEDICAL COLLEGE, Ada and
Fulton sts. ; CHICAGO COLLEGE OP DENTAL SURGERY, Madison st. and Wabash
ave. ; CHICAGO COLLEGE OP PHARMACY, 465 Stalest.; CHICAGO HOMEOPATHIC
MEDICAL COLLEGE, Wood and York sts. ; CHICAGO MEDICAL COLLEGE, Depart-
ment of N. W. University, Prairie ave. and Twenty-sixth st.; CHICAGO POLI-
CLINIC, Chicago ave.; CHICAGO VETERINARY COLLEGE, 2537 State st.; COL-
LEGE OF PHYSICIANS AND SURGEONS OP CHICAGO, W. Harrison, cor. Honore
st.; GERMAN AMERICAN DENTAL COLLEGE, 167 and 169 N. Clark st.; HAHNE-
MANN MEDICAL COLLEGE, 2811 Cottage Grove ave.; ILLINOIS COLLEGE OF
PHARMACY, Department of N. W. University, 40 Dearborn st.; ILLINOIS
TRAINING SCHOOL FOR NURSES, Honore st., near W. Harrison ; NORTH-
WESTERN COLLEGE of DENTAL SURGERY, 1203 Wabash ave; RUSH
MEDICAL COLLEGE, W. Harrison st., cor. Wood- ST. LUKE'S HOSPITAL
TRAINING SCHOOL FOR NURSES, 1420 to 1434 Wabash ave.; UNIVERSITY
DENTAL COLLEGE, Department of N. W. University, Twenty-sixth st.,
cor. Prairie ave.; WOMAN'S HOSPITAL TRAINING SCHOOL FOR NURSFB,
Thirty-second st., n. w. cor. Prairie ave.; WOMAN'S MEDICAL COLLEGE,
335 to 339 S. Lincoln st.
National Homeopathic College. Organized in 1892 by a number of physi-
cians interested in the new German-American Homeopathic College. The
latter has existed only in name. It was founded by Dr. J. Malok, who was
the treasurer. Some dispute having arisen it was determined to found a new
college, and the faculty of the German-American became members of the
faculty of the new institution. Officers: Dr. L.D. Rogers, president; Dr. J. A.
Smith, secretary; Dr. W. O. Cheeseman, registrar; Dr. J. A. Printy, dean of
the faculty. The faculty of the German-American has been increased by sev-
eral important additions. Among them are Dr. Julia Holmes Smith, who is
professor of gynaecology; Dr. H. C. Allen, a medical writer of distinction,
professor of materia medica; Dr. J. B. S. King, lecturer on chemistry at
Hahnemann College; Dr. W. D. Gentry; Dr. H. P. Skiles, professor of
orificial surgery, and Dr. Henry Sherry, professor of orthopaedic surgery.
THE ENCYCLOPEDIA. 295
EDUCATIONAL INSTITUTIONS TRAINING SCHOOLS.
Polytechnic education has within the past ten years received the atten-
tion of Chicago people interested in the training of the youth of both
sexes. Various training schools have been established here during that time.
The Public Manual Training School is treated under the head of "Public
Education." [See also " Chicago Manual Training School," under head of
"Educational Institutions."] Training schools of another character, how-
ever, are referred to below.
American Brewing Academy. First course opened September 1, 1891,
eighteen pupils attending. Second course opened February 1, 1892, with
twenty-eight pupils from all parts of the United States. The academy is
equipped with a full brewing outfit, including all the different apparatus for
the production of beer. Connected with the academy is the scientific station
for brewers, where analyses of brewers' materials and products are made and
where information is given on brewing. Directors of both the American
Brewing Academy and the Scientific Station for brewing are Dr. Robert
Wahl and Dr. Max Henius.
Armour Mission Training School. This institution will probably be in
readiness for the reception of pupils early in the present year. It i con-
nected with the Armour Mission, Armour ave. and Thirty -third St., and all
expenses connected with it are generously defrayed by Mr. P. D. Armour.
[See "Armour Mission," under head of " Charities."]
Baptist Missionary Training School. Located at 2411 Indiana ave. Take
Wabash avenue cable line. The first school established in this country
devoted to the training of young women for missionary work is the one
located in Chicago, conducted by the Women's Baptist Home Mission
Society. The society itself is exceptional in being the first organization of
the kind composed wholly of women, and was the result of a pressing demand
from all parts of the country for missionary work, which only women could
do, among women and children. Thirteen years ago so urgently was this
need set forth by Miss Joanna P. Moore, who had been a nurse during the
war, and remained in New Orleans on her own responsibility to work among
the colored people; also by Mrs. C. R. Blackall, who had spent some time in
the Indian Territory, and who declared that the need there was epitomized by
an Indian woman, who said to her, " We want to live like Christian women,
but we don't know how;" and others, who saw in different parts of the coun-
try the necessity of work among the women and children of the foreigners,
who were then, as now, pouring into this country at the rate of seven and
eight hundred thousand per annum, that the ladies of the several Baptist
churches in the city decided to organize a society for this work. The repre-
sentatives of the different churches throughout the country, excepting those
from Boston, were in favor of making Chicago the headquarters of the
organization, not only because it had its inception here, but because of the
central location. The New England women, however, decided to organize
a separate society. The society organized here now has between thirty and
forty thousand regular members, and was last year in receipt, from all
sources, of between $60,000 and $70,000.
2DG GUIDE TO CHICAGO.
The most stubborn difficult}' which the society found they had to over-
come was that of getting competent workers. It was Mrs. Croiise, wife of
Dr. J. N. Grouse, who has been the president of the society from ^organiza-
tion until the present time, who first proposed to eliminate this difficulty by
establishing a school where workers could be educated for the kind of work
to be done. In 1881 the school, which is now located at 2411 Indiana ave..
was established. Here each person to be sent forth not only to teach Christ
and him crucified, but also to instruct ignorant women how to make a com-
fortable home for their husbands and children, and to set the feet of the little
ones in right paths, is taught all that she should know to accomplish both
missions successfully. The pupils are each of them instructed in the prin-
ciples of frugal living and in the preparation of simple, wholesome food, as
well as in physical culture, that they may be able to use their bodies to the
best possible advantage, and elocution that they may convey the instruction
they have to give in the most effective manner. Not only the expounding
of the Scriptures in a bright and forceful way, but also caring for the sick and
what to do in case of emergency, are taught eminent divines and skillful
physicians and nurses. These missionaries, being prepared to minister to
body, mind and soul, are instructed in kindergarten methods, and also in the
cutting of garments ana the conduct of industrial schools.
All this equipment is made doubly thorough by being put in constant
practice. Mrs. C. D. Morris, the preceptress of the school, arranges the prac-
tice work of each student by dividing that portion of the poverty and vice-
stricken part of Chicago lying a few blocks south of Van Buren street and east
of State street, into districts, which, under her direction, are visited each week
by her pupils. Two of them go together, and with their Bible in their hand,
visit each habitation in the district assigned them. With those whom they
know they chat of the various interests that enter into their poor lives, giving
advice and, if needed, help. If the family is being visited for the first time,
inquiry is made in regard to the children, and, if possible, it is arranged to
have them attend the industrial school which meets every Saturday morning
at the Pacific Mission .
Missionaries trained at the school here are sent to New York, to Castle
Garden, to receive and assist those newly come to our shores, as well as to do
other needed work. Indeed, they are sent from this school by the society to
all parts of the United States, save New England. Not only are regular
missionary workers educated in the school, but many clergymen's wives,
Sabbath-school teachers and others take a part of the course . Arrangements
are being made to enlarge the buildings owned by the society during the
coming years, as those desiring to enter the school are much in excess of the
present accommodations. Miss M. G. Burdette, sister of the well-knpwn
humorist, has been the efficient secretary of both the mission society and
school from their beginning, and has done much toward upbuilding both.
Illinois Training School for Nurses. Located at 304 Honore St., West
Side. President, Mrs. C. B. Lawrence ; treasurer, Mrs. Henry L. Frank.
Founded in 1880. Take Ogden ave. or West Van Buren st. line. The name
of the institution sufficiently indicates its purpose. It is in a most prosperous
condition. Among recent bequests was one of $50,000 from the late John
Crerar. From the last report of the presidf nt it appears that during 1890 the
school received a legacy of $20,000 from Miss Phoebe L. Smith. The report
adds: " Thisenabled us to pay the mortgage of $12,000 on the Nurses' Home,
and also to finish and furnish the fourth floor of the same. In June our home
THE ENCYCLOPEDIA. 29?
was finished and completely furnished, and with the much desired addition of
an elevator. Ten years ago we began with a small and inconvenient house,
which we rented. We had two wards in Cook County Hospital, a superin-
tendent and eight pupil-nurses . To day we own , free frrm debt, the Nurses'
Home ana furniture, which have cost not less than $70,000. We have charge of
twelve wards in Cook County Hospital and all the nursing in the Presbyterian
Hospital, with a superintendent, two assistant superintendents, one night
superintendent, 100 pupil-nurses, and twelve probationers; twenty-ninenurses
graduated in June. There have been, during the year, 291 applications to
enter the ^school; 106 were received on probation, and sixty of this number
were retained as pupil-nurses. Seven nurses have been discharged for cause
and two honorably discharged. Five have left the school on account of ill
health. There are ninety-eight registered graduates, and there have been
1,012 calls for private nurses; 774 were supplied by the directory and 149 by
the school. Our nurses have cared for nearly 8,000 patients in Cook County
Hospital, and 1,351 in the Presbyterian Hospital.
Jewish Training School. Located on Judd street, No. 91, between Clinton
and Jefferson streets, West Side. Take Clinton street or West Twelfth street
cur. Formally dedicated October 19, 1890. Officers and directors Henry L.
Frank, president; Mrs. Joseph Spiegel, vice-president; Leo Fox, treasurer;
Rabbi Joseph Stolz, recording secretary; Herman Hefter, financial secretary;
Henry Greenebaum, Dr. E. G. Hirsch, H. A. Cohn, Charles H. Schwab, Julius
Rosenthal, Mrs. M. Loeb, Mrs. B. Lowenthal, Mrs. E. Mandel, Mrs. Levy
Mayer; Mrs. M. Rosenbautn, Mrs. J. Spiegel, directors. School committee:
Dr. E. G. Hirsch, chairman; Joseph Stolz, Levy A. Eliel, Mrs. J. Wedeles,
Mrs. J. Spiegel, Mrs. B. Lowenthal, Mrs. Levy Mayer, Mrs. M. Loeb, Mrs. E.
Mandel, Mrs. M. Rosenbaum, Mrs. L. Schram, and Mr. G. Bamberger, super-
intendent. There are over fifteen thousand Jewish refugees in Chicago, and
especially for the children of those unfortunate people was the Training School
built. Ever since they began to arrive here their brethren have done all they
could to assist them to gain a livelihood and become good citizens. The enter-
prise was started in 1872, when a training class was organized in the Sinai
temple. It was successful, and in 1887 the Jewish Training School was incor-
porated under the laws of the State. After the same year a scheme was set
on foot to raise $12,000 for the purpose of erecting a suitable building. The
next year Mr. Leon Mandel, of New York, a member of the firm of Mandel
bios., of this city, gave the committee $20,000. This, together with an
endowment fund raised from life-memberships and the legacy of Max. A.
Meyer, assured the financial success of the project. The school now has over
five hundred members and thirty life members. The building is tasteful
though not pretentious. It is a three-story brick structure, with pediment and
trimmings of brown stone. In the basement are a machine shop, carpenter
shop, modeling room, plaster work room, wash and bath rooms. Through
tljo center of the building runs a broad hall, leading from which are three
rooms to the kindergarten. In the rear are three class rooms and the superin-
tendent's office. On the second floor are four class rooms, two of which are
so arranged that the whole may be thrown together, forming an assembly
room. This large hall is also used for gymnastic exercises and music. The
third floor is occupied by a laboratory, teachers' rooms and additional class
rooms. The building cost over $60,000. There have been annexed two cot-
tages, one east and one west of the school-house, which have been arranged
298 GUIDE TO CHICAGO.
for the sewing department (cast) and the Sloyd department (west). The school
has a physician, who is teacher and physician at the same time, and he has tc
see to the proper physical education of the pupils and to everything thai
comes under hygiene. The doctor's office is in the cottage west of the school.
Twenty -two teachers are employed. The aim of this school is to Americanize
its pupils by means of a very liberal education. Manual training is intro-
duced in all classes, from the Kindergarten to the highest Grammar depart-
ment. Proper workshops are connected with the class rooms in all depart-
ments. Harmonious development is the watchword. The school is non-sec-
tarian ; every poor child is welcome and admitted. Tuesday is official visiting
day. The school hours are from 9 to 12 and from 1 to 3 o'clock. The Kin-
dergarten has but one session, from 9 to 12. There is also a night school con-
nected with the day school, for those above the school age. This night school
has two departments, male and female; theaverage attendance of both is three
hundred pupils. They are taught four times a week, from 7:30 to 9:30 p. M.,
by eight teachers. The study of the English language is the main object.
Each department is graded in four classes. In the lowest class are such who
begin with the a b c of the English language, while in the highest classes are
such who can read, write and understand the language sufficiently to take a
course of bookkeeping, commercial correspondence and arithmetic. They
receive iu all classes instruction in American history and geography. The
female department receives also instruction in needle work, from the plainest
stitch in sewing to cutting and fitting of a waist, and machine sewing.
Training Rclioolsfor Boys and Girls. There are several charitable train-
ing schools for boys in Chicago and vicinit}'. The Illinois School of
Agriculture and Manual Training School for Boys, formerly known as
The Illinois Industrial School for Boys, was dedicated during 1890 at
Glenwood. Take the Eastern Illinois railroad, Dearborn station, foot of
Dearborn st. This school was moved from Norwood Park to a beautiful
farm near the suburb named above. The farm, which was the gift of Mr.
Milton George, consists of 300 acres, and is about a mile west of Glenwood
station. It is a beautiful body of land, with a rolling surface dotted with an
occasional cluster of trees. A sparkling stream of clear fresh water cuts
through the center of the farm. This school derives a small revenue from
the county. According to its contract with the county it can only receive pay
for 110 boys, no matter how many more than this number rrtay be actually
committed to the institution within a year. The amount allowed is $8 per
month per boy, and only partially provides for maintenance and tuition.
The. deficiency is made up by the charitable people belonging to the associa-
tion. This institution was chartered in February, 1887, and since the opening
of the school about 500 dependent bovs have been placed iu its care by order of
the court. These boys have been trained for lives of usefulness and industry,
and in many cases have been furnished with comfortable homes iu the coun-
try. Starting three years ago with a debt of $6,000, the school now ovvus
property to the value of $150,000, and is doing a work in reclaiming unfortu-
nate boys that can not be overestimated. The president or. the institution is
Mr. Franklin H. Head; vice-president, Milton George; treasurer, John T.
Churnasero ; secretary and general agent, Oscar L. Dudley ; superintendent
of the school, Mrs. U. L. Harrison. City office, Room 27, 113 Adams st.
Mrs. Ursula L. Harrison, the superintendent of the school, says she has
found the children sent her to be like marble in the rough, requiring only to
THE ENCYCLOPEDIA. 299
be chiseled with patience and polished with love to fashion many pure and
lovely characters" that may become bright and shining lights in tile world.
The hardest task is to inspire confidence in the child and inculcate in him the
idea of self-support and independence. The boys are frequently received in
the home in a state of abject misery. If reclaimed at an early age there is
enough physical and mental vitality remaining in which morals may be
planted and take root and grow. It is hard for them to submit to discipline
and to grasp the ideas of moral training, but patience and kindness have
brought many an unruly boy to a halt before he plunged over the precipice
from which so few ever return.
The training school act, as it stands, reaches a class of boys more deserv-
ing than any other of being rescued from the depths of indigence and of
being placed in institutions best equipped to safely guide them in the path of
integrity and self-reliance. As a rule, the boys entitled to claim assistance
under this act have committed no serious misdemeanor against the laws.
Their greatest misfortune arises from the fact that they are deprived of
proper guardianship, and, consequently, left to the charity of a world that
knows little of and cares still less for the wants of the half-clad, homeless
boy. If left to themselves these lads must either starve or live by their wits,
and to live by their wits means that they will ultimately join the ranks of the
criminal class, to become a menace to the welfare of the State.
St. Mary's Training School for Boys is a Catholic institution, in charge of
the Christian Brothers, under the direction of the Archbishop of Chicago,
in whose honor the little village of Feehanvile has been named. In 1890
the average number of boys at the school was 300, of whom 195 were sent by
the county. The system of training these boys may be briefly stated : The
lads are kept busy at work, play or study, and appropriate rewards are
bestowed on those whose good conduct and efficiency in tasks deserve
recognition. That such a system should have beneficial results is obvious.
The contrast presented by the inmates of this school, boys well trained in
head, in hand and in heart, and those more unfortunate youths so pitilessly
plunged in penal institutions may easily be imagined . As the kind superin-
tendent of St. Mary's observes, The word " pitilessly" is very applicable in
this connection. A number of these boys drift into the house of correction
by reason of circumstances beyond their control, and, be it said to their
credit, many of them would prefer to lead an upright life, but being destitute
of friends and the advantages of an education, the dreary career of the crimi-
nal is the only alternative left to them. St. Mary's Training School was
established to help save these unfortunate waifs, and ever since its inception
the school has been taxed to its utmost resources. As it depends almost
entirely upon voluntary contributions for its support, financial or other assist- 1
anceis always gratefully welcomed, and contributors may be certain that all
donations will lie judiciously applied. The school department consists of
five well-graded classes, in which every effort is made to give the boys a
practical elementary education. This is supplemented by a graded course of
manual training in the various branches of industry taught in the institution.
The printing, shoemakiiig, tailoring, baking, carpentering and black&mithing
trades are taught, and the pupils are also made familiar with the outdoor
work of the farm, including the dairy, gardens and cattle yards. The farm,
by the way, is a most interesting and important adjunct of Feehanville. It
consists of 440 acres of cultivated ground, pasture and timber land. None of
the produce is sold, so that the boys are quick to realize that the fruits of their
labors will later greet them on the well-supplied tables,
300 GUIDE TO CHICAGO.
The majority of bo\s ivreived at St. Mary's have already reached the age
of twelve and upward, but their previous schooling has been so brief that in
most cases the child's primer is their first introduction to educational knowl-
edge. With the development of their intellectual faculties their physical
powers must be strengthened, and these results are best attained by the alter-
nate half-day's schooling and exercise ic manual labor which, together with
a wholesome diet and a proper attention to the laws of hygiene, soon bring
color to the cheeks and lend vigor to the frame. It is surprising what apti-
tude the pupils manifest both in the school-room and the work-shops, and
before leaving the institution the boys become so expert in the trades learned
that they have no trouble to obtain situations and thus earn an honest living,
which is the great object of the school.
In addition to these schools for boys there are the Chicago Industrial School
for girls at Indiana avenue and Forty-ninth street, a branch of St. Mary's
Training School, and the Girls' Industrial School at South Evanston, of
which Mrs. M. R. M. Wallace is president. Both these institutions receive
$10 a month per capita from the county for all inmates legally committed,
and in addition, the county is compelled to clothe every girl received. The
act under which these schools were incorporated is a trifle more liberal in
its workings than the training school act, but still it is largely due to the
noble efforts of the ladies and sisters in these excellent institutions that they
have been able to carry on the grand work undertaken.
The Industrial School at South Evanston may be reached either by the
Chicago & North- Western or the Chicago, Milwaukee & St. Paul railroad.
Trains run frequently through the day.
The Hyde Park Auxiliary Society of the Illinois Industrial School for
Girls has in contemplation the erection of a cottage to be known by the name
of the society, and iu which it will support a small number ot young girls.
The present quarters of the school at South Evanston are not considered
suitable and the board of lady managers is taking steps to dispose of it. With
the proceeds and additional aid from the State suitable buildings will be
erected on a forty-acre tract owned by the board at Park Ridge. It is on this
tract the Hyde Park Auxiliary Society intends erecting a cottage.
EXPRESS COMPANIES.
European visitors will do well to acquaint themselves with the methods
of the great express companies of thi$ country. The system of forwarding
parcels, goods, orders, money, and of making collections and performing
commissions in vogue in the United States, is unknown abroad.
Wells, Fargo & Oo.'s Express. Organized in 1852, and incorporated in
1866; they transact a general express and banking business, and the under-
takings of Wells, Fargo & Go's Express are classified as follows, viz:
It carries and delivers money, valuable parcels, packages, merchandise,
letters, etc. Collects bills, drafts, notes, coupons, dividends and other
papers. Fills commissions, records deeds, pays taxes for non-residents, serves
legal papers, etc. Attends to orders for goods and household supplies, to be
returned by express. Reclaims baggage, etc., at depots and hotels and
redeems goods in pawn. Attends to passengers and baggage coming or going
on foreign travel; and to transportation of goods in bond. Pays money by
telegraph between all its principal agencies and with unequaled promptness;
[Engraved for The Standard Guide Company.]
THE SKANDINAVEN BUILDING, 183-187 N. PEORIA ST.
[See " Newspapers."]
THE ENCYCLOPEDIA. 301
payments made, when requested, at local addresses. Sells money orders at
all its offices in the United States, which are remitted in letters and payable at
over 10, 000 places; receipts for which are given and reclamation can be made for
lost orders; insurance companies, co-operative associations, publishing houses,
merchants, etc., find it to their interest to request the use of express money
orders. In addition to the operations of the Banks of the Company at New
York, San Frauciso, Salt Lake, Virginia and Carson, orders for Foreign and
Domestic Exchange are taken at all its offices.
Wells, Fargo & Co's Express is the only through line sanctioned by the
United States Government for the immediate transportation of merchandise
and passengers' baggage in bond between the Atlantic and Pacific; they have
been constituted by the Government of the United States (under the law of
June 10, 1880), a bonded line for the transportation of merchandize and pas-
sengers' baggage without examination from New York and San Francisco,
forming with their leased and tributary lines the only through express line
from ocean to ocean, and reaching nearly every important point in the West,
Northwest, Southwest and Mexico and Canada.
Consignments from interior foreign points can be made to the Company
through the nearest Seaport where it is represented by a resident agent or cor-
respondent.
This Company also undertakes to simplify and reduce the irksome formal-
ities of foreign travel, inward and outward bound, and piloting travelers
through the intricacies of transfer at New York and San Francisco. It is,
also, an express forwarder to London, Paris, Hamburg, and all parts of
Europe, South America, China and Japan, covering 27,592 miles of railroad
lines, 2,950 miles of stage lines, 530 miles of inland steamers and 9,36ormiles
of ocean steamers.
t Location of Express Offices. The Express Companies doing business in
Chicago, are: The Adams Express Company, 189 Dearborn St.; The Ameri-
can Express Company, 72 Monroe st. ; Baldwin's European and Havanna
Express, 187 Dearborn st. ; Baltimore & Ohio Express, 89-91 Washington
st.; Northern Pacific Express Company, 81 Dearborn st ; Pacific Express
Company, 89-91 Washington st.; United States Express Company, 89-91
Washington st. ; Wells, Fargo & Co.'s Express, 154 and 156 Dearborn st. The
Adams, American and United States Express Companies have their own
buildings, two of them the Adams and American boing magnificent struc-
tures. The Baltimore & Ohio and the Pacific, have offices in the United
States Express building, and conduct their business jointly with the latter
company. The Adams Express Company's business is almost entirely East-
ern, the Baltimore & Ohio is confined to the B. & O. system of railways;
the Northern Pacific is confined to N. P. Transcontinental route; the United
States, the Wells Fargo & Co., and the American cover all parts of the
country.
Brink's City Express. This is the largest local express company in the
city, and their facilities for the prompt handling of all express and baggage
has no equal. They. run to all suburban towns, also make regular trips to
the World's Fair, have special wagons for making transfers of baggage on
short notice fro 11 depots to depots. Their express wagons are the finest in the
city; they also have one of the most commodious storage and warehouse in the
city for the storing of merchandise and household goods. Brink's express may
302 GUIDE TO CHCAGO.
be called by telephone 1754 from any part of the city. General office, 88
Washington street; storage and warehouse, 132-138 Monroe street. A. P.
Brink, general manager; W. B. Wyne, superintendent.
GREAT INDUSTRIES OF CHICAGO
The great industries and great industrial centers of Chicago are among
the attractions which we have to offer the visitor. Some of them are among
the most remarkable in the world All of them are interesting. We have no
London Tower, but we have the Union Stock Yards; we have no Versailles,
but we have Pullman. And it is likely that the European visitor, who is tired
of the gilded halls of royal palaces and the forbidden wallsof ancient prisons,
will be refreshed by a visit to the scenes of modern activity which are pre-
sented on every side here. The compiler is indebted to Mr. George D. Cope,
foF much information regarding our iron interests, and to Mr. John Clay, Jr.,
for facts connected with operations at the Stock Yards. Every branch of
productive industry is covered under this classification. The information of
a statistical character will be enteitaining to all classes of readers, and pecu-
liarly so to those who are interested in the application of mechanics. Not the
least important matters treated of are the great agricultural works, the
Union Stock Yards and Pullman.
IRON ORE AND COAL SOURCES. The iron ore districts from which
Chicago obtains her principal supplies lie in Michigan, Wisconsin and Minne-
sota. The coke districts lie in Pennsylvania, West Virginia, Virginia and
Kentucky. Coal suitable for steam raising and for use in heating and pud-
dling is, however, obtained near at hand, being mined in both Indiana and
Illinois. Petroleum is extensively used for fuel in Chicago iron and steel
works. It is conveyed in pipes fromLima, Ohio, to the city. Thefollowing
statement will show the distances over which these materials are transported
to reach Chicago. The longest all-rail haul of Lake Superior iron ore to
Chicago blast furnaces is from the Vermilion range mines in Minnesota. The
distance is 690 miles. Only a limited quantity of ore has taken that route;
but the practicability of winter haulage has been demonstrated. This dis-
tance by lake and rail combined from the Minnesota mines to Chicago is
about 1,020 miles, of which 70 miles comprises the rail haul to Two Har-
bors, and the remaining distance covers the lake haul across Lake Superior,
throughthe Sault Ste. Marie and the Straits of Mackinac.and up Lake Michi-
gan to Chicago. The Gogebic mines, in northern Wisconsin and Michigan,
whose shipping point to Chicago is Escanaba, on Lake Michigan, are 490
miles from Chicago by rail and lake, but by all rail they are much nearer,
say 400 miles in round numbers. The mines of the Marquette range, in
northern Michigan, whose main shipping poitfor Chicago is also Escanaba,
are about 375 miles from Chicago by lake and rail, the rail haul to Escanaba
running about 75 miles. The all rail route to Chicago would be about 400
miles, or the same distance as from the Gogebic mines. The Menominee
range mines are situated nearer to Chicago than the mines of the other Lake
Superior districts, being only about 300 miles by rail. By rail and lake, they
are 375 miles from Chicago. Of this distance, 75 miles cover the rail haul
THE ENCYCLOPEDIA. 303
from the mines to Escanaba, on Lake Michigan. All these figures seem for-
midable, but lake freight rates are remarkably low for the distance covered,
and the rail rates are also very reasonable on account of water competition,
as well as competition between several lines of railroad traversing this sec-
tion. Coming next to coke, another set of long-distance figiires is encoun-
tered. Coke 13 hauled to Chicago entirely by rail. It is drawn from several
sources of supply namely, the Connellsville and Reynoldsville regions in
Pennsylvania and northern and southern districts of West Virginia. The
shortest haul is from the Connellsville region, say 525 miles. The Reynolds-
ville, or Rochester and Pittsburg, coke district is easily 625 miles from Chi-
cago. The Northern coke region of West Virginia is about 535 miles, and
the southern district 600 milos. The bituminous coal used by manufacturers is
'obtained to a slight extent from western Pennsylvania, to a greater extent
from Ohio and Indiana, but principally from the coal fields of Illinois.
When drawn from western Pennsylvania, it is hauled by rail at least 500 miles;
when obtained from Ohio, it is transported from 300 to 375 miles, and from
Indiana about 175 miles. The coal fields of Illinois are but 50 to 75 miles from i
L-'hicago. Crude oil is now an important raw material to numerous Chicago
manufacturers, who use it for fuel. The principal source of supply is the
Lima district, iu Ohio, whence a pipe line 200 miles long runs to the southern
part of the city. These figures are not given as absolute distances, but are
approximately correct, inasmuch as the various districts tapped are them-
selves of large extent. They serve to show, however, that the manufactur-
ers of Chicago have had to conquer formidable disadvantages in establishing
their various enterprises. How well they have succeeded is known to the
world. Notwithstanding their remoteness from essential raw materials, they
have had countervailing advantages which have enabled them to build up
enormous plants, with possibilities of great future growth. The most influ-
ential advantages in making Chicago a great manufacturing center have been
and are its magnificent transportation facilities.
WATER TRANSPORTATION Although Chicago is termed an inland city,
because it is nearly a thousand miles from the ocean, it possesses vast marine
interests through its location on Lake Michigan, one of the chain of great
lakes stretching along our northern frontier. The magnitude of the lake
traffic is shown by the statisticg collected by the government. (See Maritime
Interests.) A limited means of water communication in a southern direction
is enjoyed in the Illinois and Michigan canal, extending from Chicago to the
Illinois river, navigable for light craft thence to the Mississippi river. The
freight transported over this route in 1889 aggregated 917,047 tons. An am-
bitious scheme in this direction, which has been undertaken by the city of
Chicago, contemplates the construction of a grand water-way, not less than
160 feet wide and not less than eighteen feet deep from Lake Michigan to Lock-
port, 111., for the improvement of low-v,*ater navigation of the Illinois and
Mississippi rivers as well as to afford sanitary relief to Chicago. Itis expected
that the United States government will co-operate in making the connecting
rivers navigable for large vessels, so that the lake and the Mississippi river
traffic may interchange. Another water-way, called the Hennepin canal, is
projected across the upper part of the State of Illinois, also to connect with
the Mississippi river.
304 GUIDE TO CHICAGO.
RAILROAD TRANSPORTATION. The railroads, however, are the chief fac-
tor in conducting the trade and commerce of Chicago. No other city in the
world is so well supplied with railroad lines. Twenty-six independent roads
run out of the city, diverging to all parts of the United States, Canada and
Mexico. These railroads, with their branches and immediate connect'ons,
have a total length of over half of the total mileage of the railroads
of the country. A belt railroad encircling the city connects with all
lines, enabling freight to be easily transferred from one to another without
breaking bulk. The immense traffic of this character, however, hasso farout-
gro wn the facilities afforded by the belt road referred to that two ot.heri ntercept-
ing lines have sprunginto existence, one of which encirclesthe city at ^distance
of twenty-five to forty miles from it. This line is known as the " Joliet Cut-
Off." The third belt road, which is known as the Chicago and Calumef
Terminal, traverses part of the intermediate territory, intersects a number of
important railroads, and will ultimately connect with all lines. To still
further facilitate the interchange of freight cars among the various railroad
lines, a great union transfer yard is being constructed on the west side of the
city. These railroads and their belt-line connections have established a mul-
titude of junction points in the immediate vicinity of Chicago, possessing
transportation facilities of the most complete character for industrial enter-
prises. Raw materials originating on the route of any railroad are thus easily
delivered to a factory on any other line by a short transfer, practically taking
every Chicago railroad to the doors of every Chicago factory. Manufactur-
ing product* are likewise distributed without difficulty over the region trav-
ersed by every railroad line. These facilitieshavestimulated the growth of an
unusually large number of manufacturing towns as suburbs of Chicago.
Among such suburbs the town of Pullman ha become famous by reason of
its having been built with a special view to providing workmen with comfort-
able homes, pleasant surroundings, and everything necessary for their con-
venience and social enjoyment.
Calumet Iron and Steel Company. Works located at Cummings, near
South Chicago, about twelve miles from the Court House. Take train at
Van Buren Street depot, Van Buren and Sherman sts., or at Dearborn Sta-
tion, Fourth ave. and Polk St., or at Union depot, Canal and Adams 6ts.
The blast furnace is eighty feet high, with a 11% foot bosh ; it is equipped
with one Massick & Crookes and three Siemens Cowper-Cochrane stoves,
and two blowing engines. The rolling mill has thirty-eight puddling fur-
naces, six scrap and six heating furnaces, and three trains of rolls 9, 14
and 22-inch. In the puddling department the waste heat is utilized from
eight double furnaces to raise steam in eight upright Hazleton boilers, and
the system is soon to be extended to twelve. A nail factory with 132 nail
machines, and steel works with four 4-ton open-hearth furnaces are at pres-
ent in disuse. These works have about five miles of railroad track with
rolling stock for carrying raw materials ; also have a good slip, with facili-
ties for loading and unloading vessels on the Calumet river, emptying into
Lake Michigan. They employ, outside of the nail factory, about 1,200 men.
The annual consumption of raw material ia 100,000 gross tons of ore and
cinder; 65,000 net tons of coke; 23,000 net tons of limestone; 40,000 net tons
of scrap iron; 26 000 net tons of pig iron; 37,000 net tons of muck and scrap
bar; 80,000 net tons of coal; 10,000 net tons of sand; 50,000 barrels of fuel
oil. They produce 51.000 gross tons of foundry and Bessemer pig iron;
45,000 net tons of muck and scrap bar: 50,000 net tons of merchant bar.
[Engraved for The Standard Guide Company.]
ENTRANCE TO THE CHICAGO OPERA HOUSE.
[See " Amusements."]
THE ENCYCLOPEDIA. 805
Columbia Steel Car Company. Organized for the purpose of building
ateel railroad cars; shops located in the township of Maine, on a tract of 600
acres, recently purchased. It lies on both sides of the Desplaines river,
between Desplaines and Park Ridge. The company manufactures railroad
cars of all descriptions postal, baggage, passenger coaches and freight
entirely out of steel, and is already doing a large business. Its postal cars
have been running for over a year on different railroads. The offices of the
company are at room 14, Rialto building.
Grain Elevators. The visitor to Chicago will be surprised and interested
by a visit to some of the great grain elevators of the city. [See Elevator
Storage Capacity.] The greatest elevators in the world are to be found here,
and they are more numerous than in any other city on earth. A few figures
in relation to one of them will serve as a description for all. A grain eleva-
tor of the first-class costs about $500,000; 12,000,000 feet of lumber is con-
sumed in its construction; the outside brick wall is sixteen inches thick; a
fire wall, two feet thick, usually divides the building in the middle; the
height is about 155 feet; length, 155 feet; as a protection against fire iron
ladders run this entire height and on all floors there are electric push buttons
communicating with annunciators in engine room, and in the latter depart-
ment there is also a fire pump with a capacity equaling that of four steam
fire engines. Two hundred barrels of water, each accompanied by a couple
of iron pails, are scattered about over different floors, and twenty -two chem-
ical fire extinguishers are placed at convenient stations throughout the struct-
ure; forty-five fire-plugs, to each of which is attached 1,000 feet of two and
one-half inch rubber hose, together with fourteen fire alarm boxes, about
complete the precautionary measures for combating the devouring element;
the superintendent and chief engineer are located at opposite extremities of
the bulky framework, the one in a separate brick office building, wjth an
electric instrument within reach, by which he isenabled to converse with the
heads of departments, and the other in a large two-story, fireproof brick
building, where he takes pleasure in showing visitors a little bottle of river
water after it has been transmogrified in passing through the granite filter.
Once every week a fire drill is ordered, the lime of turning in an alarm for
which is known only to the watchmen in charge. When the alarm is
sounded every man takes his place, but no water is thrown. These drills
demonstrate that the structure may be deluged with water in exactly
seven seconds. It requires 100 employesto run a grain elevator; to move the
ponderous machinery a 1,000 horse-power Compound Corliss engine is
required, making fifty-six revolutions per minute without varying one revo-
lution in a day's run. This is otic of the most elaborately finished pieces of
mechanism in existence, and was constructed at a cost of $50,000. The
diameter of the drive-wi.eel is twenty feet, and that of the shaft eighteen
inches. Crank bins fourteen inches in diameter and fourteen-inch steel pins
are provided, the momentumof which adds impetus to the work of the engine.
The main bt.t is of rubber, 200 feet in length and 5 feet in width. It is the
largest bit of ribaon ever manufactured from any material by any firm for
any purpose, requiring special machinery in its construction. The chimney
of Jhe elevator has a, 14-foot base and an altitude of 154 feet.
The manner of handling the grain by these great warehouses is as fol-
lows: Upon leaving the cars the grain falls through an iron grating into the
hopper beneath the floor, and is immediately carried by the elevator buckets
306 GUIDE TO CHICAGO.
up to the cupola, a distant of 155 feet. There it is discharged over the
"heads" of the elevators into scale hoppers, twelve in number, each having
a capacity of 2,000 bushels. The first, or receiving floor, is twenty feet in
height. The sejcond is called the bin floor. There are 379 bins, or, since a
portion of them are divided into three partitions, 428 receptacles in all, each
66 fret in depth, and made to hold from 1.700 to 6.500 bushels, the latter
figures represent! no: the capacity of the 379 undivided cribs. Above this
floo^r is the "spout," " turn-table," or " revolver " floor, as it is variously
designated. Around each spout are grouped in a circle a dozen or more
funnels. The spout revolves and readily connects with these funnels, and by
having a number of these revolvers grain is distributed to any of the bins.
Next is the scale floor, where twenty-eight large Fairbanks scales do the
weighing, and then comes two shaft or machinery floors.
Arriving at the scale floor we find the car loads of grain have been
weighed and are being distributed by means of the revolvers into the different
bins, according to the various grades. In a small office on the scale floor is
a long blackboard lined off into squares and marked with the number of each
bin. The grain is never moved without being first weighed, and this slate
enables the weigher at a glance to tell what kind and how much grain he has
on hand.
When it is desired to ship grain it is drawn from the bins into a hopper
on the ground floor, taken up shipping elevators, twelve in number, and dis-
charged into garners above the shipping scales, sixteen in number, and
weighed by draughts of 500 bushels at a time, which are equal to 28,000
pounds. It is now run into a shipping bin, whence it is conveyed to the hold
of a vessel, for which purpose there dangle from the side of the building
sixteen dock spouts. It shipment by rail is desired, a separate track for that
purpose enters the warehouse, and the cars are loaded in much the same
manner as are vessels, with this exception, that as the grain enters the car it
is thrown, by means of an improved bifurcated car loader, in opposite direc-
tions, so that both ends of the car are filled simultaneously. On the land
side of the building is a long row of windows where wagons may be loaded.
The " marine leg" is worth describing. It is a device ninety feet in
length, vertical, consisting of an endless belt in a movable leg, to which belt
is attached buckets capable of carrying eighteen pounds each. The elevator
is carried on guides, and will lift sixty feet, taking grain from the hold of
the largest propeller at the rate of 10,000 bushels an hour. With the marine
leg, vessels holding 50,000 bushels are unloaded in five hours.
Our elevatois are supplied throughout with every known improvement
for successfully conducting this branch of business. "Facilities for handling
hundreds of tons of grain by means of the elevators are complete. Either a
single one or the entire twenty eight elevators may be run or thrown out of
gear at the will of the operators, and the stuff may be tossed about from the
bottom to the top of the gigantic building and back agaip, or from one end
of it to the other and return, without the loss of scarcely a berry. On Sep-
tember 23th last, the new propeller America, the greatest carrier on these
waters, took her initial cargo, consisting of 95,000 bushels of corn, in ono
hour and twenty-five minutes.
Orant Loconwtirc \Vork*. Located at the corner of Sixteenth street and
Robinson ave. Take train at Grand Central depot, Fifth avenue and Harri-
son street, via the Chicago & Northern Pacific railroad. Capital, $800,000.
Edward T. Jeffery, late general manager of the Illinois Central railroad, is
president of the company, which has purchased the somewhat famous tract
THE ENCYCLOPEDIA.. 307
if land known as " Section 21, 'Cicero." Sixty acres in this tract, at the north-
west corner of Sixteenth street and Robinson avenue, have been reserved as a
site for the locomotive works. The capacity of the works will be about 250
locomotives per annum, and the entire' plant will be completed within two
years. Preliminary operations will begin this summer. The works will be
the only locomotive manufacturing establishment west of -Dunkirk, N. Y.
and Pittsburg, Pa. The section is bounded upon three sides by Oak Park,
Austin, Moreland, Morton Park and La Vergne, while upon the remaining
side, the east, lies Chicago. The works will be a little over six miles from
the Court-house. The land itself is owned by the Grant Land Association, a
corporation organized in connection wilh the locomotive works company, and
the title is vested with David B. Lyman and Edward T. Jeffery, trustees.
The Wisconsin Central railroad runs along the north side and the Chicago,
Burlington & Quincy along the south side of the tract. Both roads will have
depots at Forty-eighth street, and the company says that both will extend
their tracks from the main line and enter the heart of the tract at Sixteenth
street. The Twelfth street and Ogden avenue street car lice is completed to
within a short distance of the purchase. One feature of this huge project
deserves special notice. It is Ihe purpose of the gentlemen at the back
of this addition to make it one of the great manufacturing points of
the vicinity. To aid in the accomplishment of this result a tract of
sixty acres has been set apart for manufacturing enterprises. Only
first-class establishments will be permitted to locate there. The great
locomotive works are sure to be a sort of attraction for other and
smaller enterprises, and beyond question this addition will be, in a compar-
atively short time, the rival of the leading manufacturing centers of the coun-
try. The character of the men and the large capital at their command is a
guaranty of this fact. The new addition is located upon section 21, which
has formed the basis of some interesting recent litigation. It is about thirty
feet above Lake Michigan. The natural drainage is as good as one could
wish. To give the reader an adequate idea of the immensity of the locomotive
works, it is only necessary to state the dimensions of the different buildings.
These are as follows : Machine shop, 110 by 370 feet; erecting shop, 80 by
285 feet; blacksmith shop, 80by250feet: hammer shop, 80 by 125 feet; boiler
shop, 100 by 250 feet; wood shop, 70 by 230 feet; paint shop, 70 by 170 feet;
pattern shop, 60 by 130 feet; foundry, 80 by 260 feet ; core-room, 50 by 60 feet;
cupola-room, 60 by 80 feet; boiler-room, 50 by 70 feet; dynamo-room, 50 by
60 feet; office building, 45 by 130 feet. The total square feet amount to 195,-
260. With a mammoth manufacturing concern like this as its foundation,
where is the chance to question the future of the enterprise ? The importance
of the Grant Locomotive Works will be thoroughly understood when the
greatness of Chicago as a railway point is taken into consideration. Center-
ing here and having their terminals in Chicago are 60,000 miles of railway.
Tributary to these trunk lines acd connecting wilh them are 35,000 miles
more. This will closely identify with this great city nearly one hundred
thousand miles of railway, and this stiipendous mileage makes Chicago the
greatest railway center in the world. The railway corporations having their
terminals in Chicago own 12,000 locomotives.
Great Western Locomotive Works. Recently incorporated by Alfred
Skinner, Hugh R. Walker and Thomas A. Wigham. Mr. Walker is a prac-
tical manufacturer, Mr. Skinner is a Board of Trade operator, and Mr. Wig-
ham is an iron merchant. The financial backing of the enterprise is fur-
nished by Chicago men. Copital stock, $1,000,000. It is to employ 2,OUOineu.
308 (il.'IDE TO CHICAGO.
Illinois Steel Company. In Chicago and its immediate vicinity there are
nineteen coke blast furnaces completed or in course of erection. Of these
seventeen are owned by the Illinois Steel Company, one by the Calumet Iron
and Steel Company, and one by the Iroquois Furnace Company. The fur-
naces not completely finished comprise four which are being added to the
South Chicago plant of the Illinois Steel Company, and one which is being
built by the Iroquois Furnace Company, in the same locality. Engaged in
the manufacture of steel, or rolling iron and steel into shapes of various
forms, there are seventeen separate plants, of which four belong to the Illi-
nois Steel Company. Included among these are five Bessemer Steel works,
two Robert-Bessemer works, three open-hearth steol works, and one crucible
works. The products of these steel works and rolling mills consist of steel
rails, steel wire rods, merchant bar iron, steer tires, steel beams, splice bars,
cut nails, railroad spikes, car axles, steel car wheels, horse shoes, special
shapes for agricultural implements and steel castings. The most important
iron and steel works are those of the Illinois Steel Company. The Illinois
Steel Company is a corporation formed by the consolidation of the North
Chicago Rolling Mill Company, the Joliet Steel Company, and the Union
Steel Company. The consolidation was effected May 1, 1889, and brought
under one control and management five plants as follows: North Chicago
Works, South Chicago Works and Milwaukee Works, of the North Chicago
Rolling Mill Company; Joliet Steel Company's Works, at Joliet; Union Steel
Company's Works, at Chicago. Other property, such as coal lands and coke
ovens, etc., belonging to the separate companies was also ir eluded, the -whole
comprising a property which is capitalized at $50,000,000. The five plants of
the company occupy over 500 acres of ground, and the coal lands consist of
4,500 acres, on which there are 1,150 coke ovens. The company own 1,500 cars
used in the coke trade, and the internal transportation at thedifferent plants
requires the use of SOOcars and forty-two locomotives of standard gauge, besides
seventeen narrow gauge locomotives hauling special trucks. There are sixty
miles of standard gauge and seven miles of narrow gauge railroad intheyards.
The output of finished product for the year ending June 80, 1890, was as fol-
lows: Riils. 5:39,603 gross tons; rods, 49,800 gross tons; bar iron and steel,
56,415 gross tons; billets, 29.295 gross tons; beams and channels, 5,161 gross
tons; total, 680,274 gross tons. During four months of the year the largest
rail mill of the company was undergoing reconstruction and did not contrib-
ute to the above product. The blast furnaces (fourteen in blast) produced
during the same period the following: Pig iron, 614,240 gross tons; spiegel,
32,777 gross tons; total, 647, 017 gross tons. The Bessemer works^fdur plants)
with a total of nine vessels, of capacities from six to ten tons, produced: In-
gots, 751, 833 gross tons. The product handled in and shipped from the vari-
ous works was thus: Pig iron and spiegel, 647,017 gross tons, Bessemer
ingots, 751.833 gross tons; rails, 539,603 gross tons; billets, 81,585 gross tons;
rods, X 49, 800 gross tons; bar iron and steel, 56,415 gross tons; beams and
channels, 5,161 gross tons; total, 2,131.414 gross tons. In the manufacture of
this product there was used in round numbers the fallowing materials: Iron
ore, 1,100,000 gross tons; coke, 700,000 cross tons; coal, 200, 000 gross tons;
total, 2,000,000 gross tons. About 10,000 men are employed in the mills of
the company, and the pay-rolls for the year ending June 30, 1890, amounted
to about $6,000,000.
THE ENCYCLOPEDIA. 309
It will be noticed that by far the greater part of the product of the Illi-
nois Steel Company is in the form of rails, and in fact, until within a few years,
it might be said that the only product of the several works now owned by the
company took that form. All the works were originally built to make rails,
and for many years the activity in that trade was such that no other product
was thought of, but the increase in the demand for other forms of steel has
x madc it necessary to diversify the product, and the company now makes bil-
lets, rods and beams, as well as miscellaneous bar iron and steel. A very
large open-hearth steel works and plate mill are under way, and a mill for
rolling all classes of structural steel will be built in the near future. To pro-
vide for the increased output and to make the company independent of out-
side sources for their supply of pig iron, four new blast furnaces of the
largest size have recently been builtand will shortly be blown in. When the
additions and improvements now under way are completed, the plant of the
company will comprise the following: 19 blast furnaces, 1 200,000 gross
tons; 4 Bessemer works, 1,100,000 gross tons; 1 open-hearth works, 75,000
grosstons; 4 rail mills, 850,000 gross tons; 2 billet mills, 100,000 gross tons;
1 rod mill, 60,000 gross tons; 1 structural mill, 80,000 gross tons; 1 plate
mill, 60,000 gross tons; 1 merchant mill, 75,000 gross tons; total annual
capacity, 3, 600,000 gross tons.
Three of the plants of the company are located within the corporate
limits of the cily of Chicago the North Works, the South Works and the
Union Works. One is at Milwaukee, Wis. .ninety miles north of Chicago,
and one is at Joliet, 111., forty miles southwest of Chicago. All the works
are connected by telegraph and telephone service with the central office in
Chicago, and with each other. The following description of each of the
plants is necessarily brief, and it will be understood that many details of pos-
sible technical interest arc omitted.
NOKTH CHICAGO WOKKS. Situated on the North branch of the Chicago
river, in the northwestern part of the city. Take Chicago & North-Western
train at Wells Street depot, Wells and Kinzie sts., to Clybourii Station, or
Chicago, Mil waukee & St. Paul train at Union depot, to Works; or Cly bourn
avenue street cars. This js the oldest of the plants of the company, having
been started in 18")7 as a mill for re-rolling iron rails. The manufacture of
iron has lono 1 bj'ja discontinued, and the product at present is steel rails,
beams and slabs. The plant consists of two blast furnaces, 16 feet by 65 feet,
oneof which is talking spiegel; a Bessemer plant, with two six ton vessels;
a thirty-inch three-high blooming mill, and a twenty three inch three high
mill, which is use'l for rolling rails and beams. The furnaces were built in
1869, and were originally equippe 1 witli pipe stoves, which, within two
years, have bsen replaced by fire brick stoves of the Gordon and Massick &
Crookes type Ore for these furnaces is brought by vessel and by rail from
the Lake S iperior mines, and delivered close to the furnaces. The product
is chiefly Bessemer iron, but a good deal of spiegfl is made from native and
foreign ores. All the iron is run into pigs, as the Bessemer plant is not fitted
to use direct metal. The Bessemer plant was built in 1872, on the designs of
A. L Holley, and consists of two six ton vessels, five cupol is for re-melting
pig iron, three spiegel cupolas, a ladle crane, and three ingot cranes, all
arranged on the Holley, or American plan, two horizontal blowing engines,
hydraulic pumps, etc. At the time of its construction this was the most com-
pletely equipped Bi-isemer works in America, a.nd, for a plant of its relatively
small size, has done remarkably good work. Yery few changes have been
310 GUIDE TO CHICAGO.
made in the machinery and equipment, and it is now somewhat antiquated, but
still capable of giving a good account of itself. Ingots (three-rail) are heated
in coal furnaces, bloomed and cut to single rail lengths, as the mill arrange-
ments will not permit the rolling of longer lengths. The blooms are re-heated
in coal furnaces. The rail mill rolls the usual patterns of rails and beams up
to fifteen inches depth. Pieces are handled at the rail train with hooks and
toags in the old-fashioned way, and it may be noted that this is the only mill
of the company where this is now done. Some historical interest attaches to
these works from the fact that in the old rail mill the first steel rails made in
America were rolled May 24, 1865, from blooms made at the experimental
Bessemer Works, at Wyandotte, Mich.
SOOTH CHICAGO WORKS. This is the largest of the company's works, and
is situated on the shore of Lake Michigan, twelve miles south from the
Court-house. Take Illinois Central train, foot of Randolph, Van Buren, Six-
teenth or Twenty-second streets, for South Chicago. The facilities for receipt
and shipment of material, both by vessel and rail, are excellent. The largest
steamers plying on the lakes bring ore to the docks, and three railroad lines
come into the yard, furnishing connection with the entire railroad system of
Chicago, The site of this plant was in 1880 a sand beach, barely above the
level of the lake. In that year the erection of four blast furnaces was begun,
and in 1881 ground was broken for the Bessemer and rail mills. The plant
now in operation consists of four furnaces, 21x75 feet; a Bessemer plant with
three 10-ton vessels; a 40 inch 3-high blooming mill; a 27-inch 3-high rail
train, and all facilities for handling a large output of rails, which at present
is the only product. Four more blast furnaces, 21x85 feet, are ready to blow
in; an open hearth steel plant and plate mill are under way, and a new harbor,
200 feet wide by 2,500 feet long, has been built for the accommodation of vessels
bringing ore to the docks. The four blast furnaces now at work, and fur-
nishing about 800 tons of metal per day, have 12 Whitewell stoves T eight
blowing engines, and an excellent equipment in every respect The metal
from them is used direct in the Bessemer works, to which it is conveyed in
ladles upaninclined track. Orefor thesefurnacesis received almostentirelyby
water, and vessels are unloaded into an ore-yard back of the furnaces cover-
ing 300x1, 200 feet. The machinery for discharging vessels is exceptionally
rapid in its operation, and vessels can be unloaded at the rate of 250 to 300
tons per hour. The Bessemer works began operation in June, 1882. There are
three 10-ton vessels working to one casting pit, three ladle cranes, four ingot
cranes, two horizontal blowing engines, pressure pumps, etc. Four spiegel
cupolas and two iron cupolas for remelting pig, occupy separate houses on
opposite sides of the converting building. The ladles with iron and spiegel
pass in front of the vessels. A large building in the rear of the vessels is
devoted to making bottoms, lining ladles, etc. The vessels are made with
removable shells on Holley's plan, with a powerful hydraulic lift under each
for handling the shells and changing bottoms. Anew blowing engine and
boilers are being added to this plant, the intention being to insure a large out-
put. The largest twenty-four hours' work of this plant to date has been
1,400 tons of ingots. The steel is cast into ingots sixteen inches square and
making six rails each. The ingots are taken from the pit and conveyed in an
upright position to the soaking pits (which are not Gjers' pits, but holes con-
taining eight or ten ingots, tired with gas passing through regenerators),
and after heating are taken to the blooming train. Here an ingot is reduced
in nine passes to a bloom eight inches square, which iscut into two blooms,
THE ENCYCLOPEDIA. 311
each making three rails. Ordinarity these blooms are rolled direct to rails,
but a furnace is provided for reheating auy that are too cold to rott. The rail
train is iu two parts (each driven by a separate engine), placed parallel to each
other and 80 feet apart. The bloom after roughing (five passes) in the first
train goes to the second in which it makes four passes and then returns to
the first train, where it is finished to a rail in four passes. This train
replaces a 26-inch 2 high reversing mill, put down in 1882, and the arrange-
ment of the train in two parts was made necessary by the limitation of
the size of the building in which the old train stood. The rail then passes
to the saws and hotbed, and to a very complete finishing house where it is
straightened, drilled, inspected and loaded on cars. The completion of the
new furnaces, the open-hearth plant and the plate mill, will make these
works the largest establishment in the country. In anticipation of this the
company have erected a fine office building and a laboratory, which is the
largest and best of its kind. Nearly all the ore for the supply of fifteen fur-
naces is unloaded at the docks of this plant, and a large part of it sent by^ail to
the Joliet and Union Works. To provide for this immense business, which
must be done in seven months of the year, the new harbor and ore-handling
machinery have been put in, and it is expected that shortly 5,000 tons of ore
will be handled per day on the new dock. An interesting detail of this plant
is the use of crude petroleum for firing boilers. The oil is delivered to the
works by a pipe connecting with the main pipe from Lima, Ohio, 208 miles
distant.
MILWAUKEE WORKS. This plant is situated on the shore of Lake Michi-
gan at Bay View, a suburb of Milwaukee, Wis., and occupies a very fine
site, with ample room for extension. Take Chicago & North-Western train at
Wells Street depot, Wells and Kiuzie streets, or Chicago, Milwaukee & St.
Paul train at Union depot, Canal and Adams streets. This is the only works
of the Illinois Steel Company where manufactured iron is produced, the other
plants being devoted to steel. It was built for a rail mill in 1868, and
enlarged and adapted to merchant iron work in 1874 and 1884. The product
is now miscellaneous bar iron and steel, fish plates, light rails and nails.
There are two blast furnaces, 17x66 feet, built in 1870, and lately remodeled
and equipped with fire-brick stoves. The product is mostly forge and
foundry iron and some Bessemer iron . Ores are brought from the Lake Supe-
rior mines and from an interesting deposit at Iron Ridge in Wisconsin.
This latter ore is a red oolite, with 55 per cent, iron and over 1 per
cent, phosphorus, is cheaply mined and makes a pig very suitable
for the base Bessemer process. The mills are provided with eight trains
of rolls, from eight inches up to twenty-two inches in size, puddling and
heating furnaces, both coal and gas fired, producers, etc., and machinery
well- adapted to the class of work turned out. There is a well appointed nail
factory with 100 nail-cutting machines. This plant will probably continue
to produce manufactured iron, but the increase in the demand for steel prod-
ucts, now rolled from steel made at other plants, will soon necessitate the
erection of a steel works to make basic ingots.
UNION WORKS. This plant is located in the southwestern part of the
City of Chicago, on the south branch of the river. Originally built as an
iron rail mill in 1863, a Bessemer plant was afterwards added, in which, on
July 26, 1871, the first Bessemer steel produced in Chicago was made. Blast
furnaces were later erected, as also plate and bar mills, a rod-mill and a wire-
drawing plant. In 1884 the property came into the hands of the Union Steel
312 GUIDE TO CHICAGO.
Company, and was thoroughly remodeled, A large part of the machinery and
buildings being removed and replaced by modern appliances. The product
at present is entirely rails. There are four blast furnaces, two 14 by 12 feet,
and two 16 by 75 feet, supplied with an excellent equipment and doing very
good work. The metal is run into pigs, as the Bessemer work does not use
direct metal. In the Bessemer plant there are two 10-ton vessels working to
one pit, five iron cupolas, four spiegel cupohis, two ladle crants, four ingot
cranes, three blowing engines, the necessary hydraulic pumps, etc. This
plant made its first blow May 31, 1886, and enjoys the distinction of having
made the largest product with two vessels of any plant in America. During
the year ending the 30th of June 1890, 318,000 tons of ingots were turned out;
the largest month's output was 36,200 tons, and the largest twenty-four hours'
output was 1,639 tons. Ingots 15-inches square are cast, making four rails
each, and are heated in soaking pits fired with gas, and rolled in a 36 inch
8-high blooming mill to blooms 7% inches square and cut to 2 rail lengths.
These are then rolled without reheating in a 25 inch 3-high train, provided
with table* for handling the rails at the rolls. This train is driven by one
engine and has rolled 1,812 tons of rails in twenty-four hours, 28,490 tonsin
a month and 260,000 tons in the year ending June 30, 1890. A separate
finishing house provides ample facilities for handling and shipping a large
product. Rails from 50 to 90 pounds per yard are rolled in this mill. -The
steam fuel used at this plant is crude petroleum, which is delivered in tank
cars and pumped to the several departments. The railroad connections to
the Union Works are ample, but the yards are somewhat crowded, owing to
the situation in a thickly built part of the city. Ore was formerly received
by vessels, but now comes by rail from the South Works, where it can be
more cheaply and quickly handled.
JOLIET WORKS. This works was started as an iron mill in 1870, and a
Bessemer works aud steel rail mill on Holley's designs were added in 1873.
Two blast furnaces were built in 1873, the Bessemer and rail mill were
remodeled in 1885, a G.irrett rod mill was put down in 1888, and a third blast
furnace was completed in 1890. The product is now rails, billets and rods.
Although ores for this plant have to be transported by rail from Chicago or
the mines, there is yet a considerable advantage in the location of the works,
and one which determined the original installation, namely, the ample and
cheap supply of coal for steam and heating purposes, which is obtained from
the Illinois coal fields, at no great distance from the works. The railroad
connections are very good. The blast furnaces are 20 feet by 80 feet, and
are furnished with fire-brick stoves of the Gordon, Cowpcr and Massick &
Crookes type; Their product is Bessemer metal exclusively, which is used
direct in the Bessemer works, to which itis conveyed in ladles, up an incline,
crossing two main lines of railroad by an overhead bridge. The Bessemer
plant contains two 8 ton vessels, cupolas for rem'elting pig to supple-
ment the direct metal from furnaces, spiegel, cupolas, hydraulic cranes,
blowing engines, etc. , all of good and modern types. A great deal of special
low carbon steel is made for billets, etc., besides the usual rail steel. The
rail mill comprises gas and coal-fired furnaces, a 36-inch 3-high blooming
train, and a 24 inch rail train in two parts, each driven by a separate engine.
The rail train is fed byan ingenious arrangement of troughs and tables,
which is also used in the rolling of billets, which are made in the same train.
After leaving the 'train the billets are cut to lengths by a hydraulic shear
which works with great rapidity, and dropped under a conveyor consisting
e <
3
e CQ
S
3
p
THE ENCYCLOPEDIA. 313
of a chain of rollers kept in motion by an engine. The billets thus travel
at twice the speed of the rollers, and are carried several hundred yards to the
rod mill, where they are automatically dumped in piles. Some 350 tons of
4 inch billets have been rolled and conveyed in twelve hours. The rod mill
is of the most modern Garrett type, and is turning out a large product, over
5,000 tons of No. 5 rod having been rolled in a single month. There are two
engines driving the sections of the train, and the mechanical details, includ-
ing the reels, are of the first class. Very complete offices are accommodated
in a handsome building of the limestone for which Joliet is famous, and an
interesting and uncommon feature is the Athenaeum, a very completely
appointed club house and library for the accommodation of the employes.
This institution was built by the Joliet Steel Company before the consolida-
tion, and affords to every employe, at a merely nominal charge, the advan-
tages and conveniences of a lirst-class library and club.
John H. Bass Car-wheel Works. Situated at Clark and Forty-seventh sts.,
on the Chicago, Rock Island & Pacific railroad. The main foundry building is
100x174 feet, and its daily capacity is 192 car wheels and ninety tons of other
castings, which make an aggregate capacity of 150 tons. These works
employ 400 men. The Chicago works form only a small part of Mr. Bass'
iron-manufacturing enterprises. His Fort Wayne works, at Fort Wayne,
Ind., 148 miles from Chicago, cover between twenty -five and thirty acres.
The daily wheel capacity of the foundry is 700 car wheels. The total daily
capacity of the foundry is 800 tons of car wheels and other castings. Other
departments embraced in this plant are machine, boiler forge and mill-
wright shops, all of which are in full operation. The Fort Wayne Iron
Works, also owned by the same gentleman, comprise large foundry and
machine shops. The total force of bands employed by him in Fort Wayne
numbers about 1,500. At St. Louis, Mo., is still another plant, consisting of
one foundry, 80x475 feet, and a second, 60x250 feet, having a dailj capacity
of 200 car wheels. The foundry capacity besides car wheels is 100 tons daily
of general castings, or 175 tons in the aggregate. A machine shop is operated
in connection with these foundries. The St. Louis works employ from 400 to
500 men. Mr. Bass also owns an iron property consisting of 18,000 acres in
Alabama, on which he operates a charcoal blast-furnace, manufacturing a
large portion of wheel-iron. Other local manufacturers of cast-iron car wheels
are the Union Foundry and Pullman Car-wheel Works, the Chicago Car-
wheel Company, the Barmim-Richardson Manufacturing Company, the
C. A. Treat Manufacturing Company, the Wells & French Company, and the
United States Rolling Stock Company.
Joseph Kliekn. Located at 114-116 South Jefferscn st. Established 1877.
A great room and picture-frame molding manufactory. Employs about 100
hands, and supplies dealers in nearly every State and Territoiy in the cdun-
try. The mill is handsomely fitted up with ingenious machinery and is
worthy of a visit.
Reams & Orme. Located at 52 Michigan street. Manufacturers of the
celebrated Reams' Pop Safety Valve, the most sensitive, effective and dura-
ble safety valve made. These valves are made of the best material and work-
manship and under the direct supervision of skilled mechanics, thereby guard-
ing against all ordinary defects of construction. They have a world-wide
celebrity.
314 GUIDE TO CHICAGO.
Jiurz Bros. & Buhrer. Located at 832, 834, 836, 838 and 840 Austin
avenue. Manufacturers of light gray iron castings. The buildings cover 120 by
300 feet; capacity, 15 tons per day. There are 120 men employed. All kinds
of agricultural, architectural and hardware castings are turned out here, and,
besides, a large business is done in japanning and galvanizing.
Lake Side Nail Company. Situated at Hammond, Indiana. Take train
at Van Buren Street depot, Van Buren aud Sherman sts., or at Dearborn
Station, Fourth ave. and Polk st. This company manufactures steel cut-
nails exclusively. Their plant consists of two 3-ton Bessemer convert-
ers, four Smith gas-heating furnaces, two trains of 22-inch rolls, and 101 nail
machines.
Lemont Stone Quarries. When the County of Cook built the "old
original Court-house" in 1851 and '52, it was decided by the people and the
wise rulers of the county that there was no suitable stone material in the
vicinity of Chicago for the purposes of permanent building. After looking
the country over it was decided that Lockport, N. Y., furnished the most
desirable and conveniently accessible material, aud the stone for this building
and the wall around it was actually transported over 500 miles. But the
building growth of Chicago was not to be retarded for the want of durable
and accessible cheap building material, and certain of her enterprising citi-
zens, who had been connected, or were familiar, with the construction of the
Illinois&Michigan canal, notably among whom being A. S, Sherman and Mr.
H. M. Singer, still of this city, concluded to open up the deposits of stone at
Lemont, which the cutting through of the canal had developed. From these
small beginnings has grown up one of the largest, most important and pros-
perous industries of the city. These quarries have not only contributed
largely to the material growth of the city by furnishing an accessible build-
ing stone for all purposes, from the foundation stone to the roof coping,
besides flagging, curbing and rubble stone for sidewalk and street improve-
ment, but coarser material for rip rap, from which the Government, the Illinois
Central Railroad and all. other breakwater works in this vicinity have drawn
their supplies. The business increased to such an extent that in 1889 there
were 7 large concerns engaged in quarrying and supplying stone for
Chicago and the surrounding markets at Lemont, besides some 18 other
ompanies at Joliet engaged to a greater or less extent in the same business.
In October of that year a number of Chicago capitalists and business men
conceived the idea of forming one large company which would concentrate
the management of a number of these companies, thereby reducing the run-
ning expenses to a minimum degree, and by centralizing the business and
managementbe enabled to attend to the wantsof the trade with more prompt-
ness and dispatch and securing better results for the outlay of their capital
and the exhausting of the quarries, which for various causes had been largely
interfered with by unscrupulous competition and all its attending evils. So
the Western Stone Company was formed, and acquired by purchase the
property of six of the large concerns at Lemont and Lockport, and is now
actively engaged in operating all of the quarries, manufacturing and dressing
all kinds of machine dressed and mill-work limestone. The company owns
26 canal boats, seven steam canal barges and two steam tugs used in the
transportation of their products from the quarries to Chicago, besides ship-
ping extensively by rail. They operate 10 steam stone planners and 17 gangs
of saws in manufacturing flagging and sawing stone. With a practically
inexhaustible supply of stone of convenient and easy access to Chicago by
THE ENCYCLOPEDIA. ^ 315
Lumber District. Situated in the southwestern part of the city, from five
and a half to seven miles from the City Hall, along the south branch of the
Chicago river. It maybe reached by Canalport ave,, Blue Island ave. or
Somh Halsted st. cars. It extends from the south branch west beyond West-
ern ave., and practically occupies all of the southern part of the territory
covered by Western ave., Oakley ave., Leavitt st., Hoyne ave., Robeyst.,
Lincoln St., Honorest., Wood St., Paulinast., Ashland ave., Charltou st. and
Loomis st. Here the visitor will find mile after mile of lumber yards laid
out into streets and alleys, where thousands of men are constantly employed
in " shoving" the boards as they are received from vessels in the river, or in
loading them on to long lines of freight cars. Here, too, are to be seen some
of the greatest sash, door, blind and planing mills in the world. The lumber
district is a district all to itself. Foreign labor of all kinds is employed here,
but the Bohemians are in the majority. In the lumber season it is interesting
to watch the unloading of vessels, to see how ra"pidly a cargo is discharged,
and to notice with what skill the boards are piled in the yards. A number
of serious riots have occurred from time to time in the " Jumber district,"
the result of labor strikes. Of late, however, the laborers have quieted
down. Building associations have grown up among them; many own their
own homes, and the conservatism which everywhere follows the possession
of property is felt here.
McCormick Harvenling Machine Company. Cyius H. McCormick, presi-
dent; Eldridge M. Fowler, vice president ; E. K. Butler, general manager.
Offices, cor. Wabash ave. and Congress fct.; works four miles southwest, on
the south branch of the Chicago river, at the corner of Blue Island aves.,
accessible from the business center of the city, via Blue Island avenue street-
car line.
That guide to Chicago would be lacking in completeness which should
omit from its pages at least a cursory description of this mammoth institution;
an establishment of such magnitude in itself, and of such world wide scope in
its influences, as to make it the paragon of nineteenth century business
enterprise. The signal of the great success attaint d by this company was
sounded when the click of the first McCormick reaper re echoed from the
hill sides of old Virginia in 1831. The scale since then has ever been an
ascending one, and each new year succeeds the old to find the McCormick a
full giant's stride in advance of the position it occupied when the last pre-
ceding record was made up. Comparisons need not be given here to show
this steady progress upward and onward, but in a general way we may speak
of the McCormick works as they are to-day. Upon approaching the locality,
of which they are the conspicuous center, their magnitude is at once apparent,
and in wondrous contemplation we view the scene the spacious yards; the
multiplicity of substantial manufacturing buildings; the long line of ware-
houses; the McCormick railroad engine, plying back and forth over the miles
of track within the enclosure of the works; the expanse of dock frontage,
where the lar^st lake vessels are constantly loaditig and unloading their
cargoes at the very doors of the works added to this, the busy buzz and
hum and whirr of tireless machinery, the clanging of steel and iron, the
316 GUIDE TO CHICAGO.
industrial music of a thousand hammers in a veritable "anvil chorus," the
never-ending "thud, thump and thud " of the imported raw material as it
is unloaded from car or Steamer, and its equally-continuous counterpart in
acoustics, resultant from the inversion of the process, whereby the completed
machines are consigned to other cars and other steamers, outward-bound for
other shores, carrying the McCormick to all parts of the world to every
clime whose summer sun ripens golden grain. All this it may well be
imagined prepares one, before entering the works proper, to accept the truth-
fulness of the assertion, oft reiterated and never disputed, that the McCormick
works annually produce more grain and grass-cutting machines than any
other establishment in the world.
INSPECTION OP THE WORKS. On a tour of inspection through the works
what do we see and learn? Brielly, that the floor space utilized in the various
departments aggregates more than thirty-seven acres; that 2,000 skilled
mechanics are employed in moulding and fashioning the individual parts of
machinery for their final splendid consolidation in the McCormick harvesters,
reapers and mowers; that in the prosecution of this work there were consumed
during the year, ending August 1, 1891, 17,400 tons of special bar iron and
steel, 2,400 tons of sheet steel and 21,000 tons of castings, besides over 8,000,-
000 feet of lumber, used chiefly in boxing or crating machines for shipment.
Very little wood, be it remembered, enters into the construction of the
McCormick product; none in fact, save that used in the tongue and, possibly,
one or two minor parts a portion so small that the McCormick harvesters
and mowers are rightly termed " Machines of Wteel." In further elaboration
of the above figures, the Company's books show that 13,671 cars of freight
were handled by them last season, and that the number of machines sold
reached the amazing total of 121,780! Think of it! Even in this day of
gigantic achievements the manufacture and sale by a single establishment
of 121,780 machines, for cutting grass and reaping and binding grain, during
the briefly-passing period of a twelve-month, is a wonderful performance. Had
this great number reference merely to such implements as the old-time hand-
sickle and scythe, it would still be no small feat; but, when it is remembered
that these are all modern machines, to be drawn by horses, and that their
weight is from 650 to 1,300 pounds each, the fact is most stupendously pre-
sented; but, being a fact, must so stand upon the pages of recorded history.
To facilitate the handling of this enormous ontput the McCormick works are
most admirably equipped, there being covered sheds from the warehouse,
from which fifty cars can be loaded and dispatched in a single day. This
seems like a large number, but when it is considered that two dnys will suffice
to manufacture these fifty carloads, that they should be loaded and shipped
in one day is not a great achievement. "What!" you exclaim, "twenty-
five carloads of McCormick machines manufactured in a single day? " It is
is even so; yea, more than this: for many months of the year the busy artisans
of these great works succeed in turning out a complete machine during every
minute of every hour of every day. The running of an establishment to this
seeming incredible capacity is possible only as the result of a system; a
system, the knowledge of whose details must challenge the admiration of
man. In short, so thoroughly systematized are all departments, and so
felicitous are the operations of the specially-designed machinery used, that
the managers are confident that in no manufacturing establishment in the
world is material worked into completed forms so cheaply and so expedi-
tiously as in the works of the McCormick Harvesting Machine Company.
THE ENCYCLOPEDIA. 317
SECRETS OF SUCCESS. The unrivaled success of the McCormick Company,
and its proud position in the industrial and commercial world is such that one is
involuntarily prompted to ask the secret thereof; to Itaru of those seemingly-
hidden mysteries whereby such pre-eminence is attained. With the McCormick
Company, however, these secrets, these mysteries, exist only in the seeming.
There are two fundamental rules for an enviable success in legitimate business,
especially that branch of business represented by the transactions of the buyer
and (he seller: First, the seller must have an article or a commodity which the
buyer really wants, and, secondly, the buyer must be accorded uniformly fair
and honorable treatment at thehandsof theseller. Would the readerknowhow
well this second fequirment is observed by the McCormick Company, he is
respectfully referred to the reputation that Company has builded in the past
half century; to the hundreds of thousands of agriculturists of all lands with
whom they have had business relations. As to the condition-precedent the
production of an article which is wanted itis not probable that it is so nearly
fulfilled by any manufacturing establishment in the world as by the McCor-
mick Company, and if we have digressed from those topics suggested by a
visit to their works, we return now to speak more fully of this particular feature,
with which one is most favorably impressed. We refe"r to the experimental
department. The immediate success of the McCormick machines and their
many patented improvements that appear from time to time, is due to the
fact that all experimenting is done by the manufacturers, so that when a
machine is placed upon the market and labeled "McCormick" the public
knows that it has passed the experimental stage and will accomplish the
results for which it was designed. At the McCormick Works new ideas pre-
senting the possibility of practicability are not accepted until possibility has
been reduced to certainty. Entire machines are built, taken into the field
and given thorough tests under all conditions. They are not foisted upon
the farmers simply because they seem to possess merit. All doubts must first
be removed ; -the McCormick Company is not willing that its experimenting
should be done at the expense of its patrons.
A CuurosiTY. One of the curiosities in the possession of the McCormick
Company is a time-worn and weather beaten specimen of the original Reaper,
as invented by the late Cyrus H. McCormick, the first practical machine that
ever entered a harvest field, and the admitted " type and pattern after which
all others are modeled." What volumes the storm-buffeted old landmark
speaks to the grey-haired man of the middle west! Why, to watch the
old McCormick Reaper was the delight of his earliest boyhood, and, standing
in its august presence now, he lives over again the sunny days of life's June,
the while the dear remembered faces of father and mother come back to him,
and in fancy he feels the "touch of a vanished hand" hears the "sound
of a voice that is still."
AT TIIK HEAD OF ITS CLASS. But we must pass on. Indisputably at the
head of its class, manufacturing more than one-third of the world's entire
output of grain and grass-cutting machines, a detailed showing of the vast
annual product of the McCormick Harvesting Machine Company, and a
recapitulation of its widespread business interests would be an undertaking
beyond the scope of this volume, embracing as it necessarily would a com-
pilation of facts and figures of such magnitude, of such stupendous propor-
tions as to well-nigh establish an abiding faith in the mystic magic of the
genii of old, and to tear the veil of skepticism from the wildest prophesies of
the seer of today. What has here been touched upon must be accepted only
318 GUIDE TO CHICAGO.
as an intimation of the actuality. To the reader, the compiler of the Guide
would simply say in conclusion, " Go and see for yourself." The verdict of
the world accords the palm to the McCormick and the world's verdict is
always an impartial one.
Norton Brothers' Works. Situated at Maywood. Take train at Wells
Street depot, Wells and Kinzie streets. These works manufacture tin cans for
packing fruit, vegetables, etc. Automatic machinery, the invention of
Edwin Norton, shapes the tinplate for can bodies, forms and solders them,
attaches top and bottom, tests them for leakages, counts them and afterwards
delivers them in the warehouse or in cars for shipping. The devices here
used are of a most ingenious character, and almost entirely dispense with
hand labor. A machine, also invented by Edwin Norton, is in use in this
establishment for^rolling molten solder directly into sheets. The Norton
Fluid Metal Rolling Company have been sufficiently successful in adapting
this process to the production of sheet steel to warrant them in buildings
plant for regular work. This is now in course of erection and is intended to
produce sheet steel for the manufacture of tinplate of which Norton Brothers
are the largest consumers in the world, being interested in can factories,
working under their automatic system, at New York, San Francisco and
Hamilton, Canada, the combined capacity of which is a daily production of
800,000 cans for fruits, vegetables, oysters, etc. As showing the capacityof
this firm to handle vast quantities of cans and to supply other sections in case
of a dearth of cans, such as occurred this season in the East, it may be stated
that they loaded into cars and shipped during one week in 1890 over
2,500,000 cans, shipping two trains of about thirty cars each to Baltimore, at
the same time handling their regular Western trade.
PULLMAN.
Pullman to-day represents the most advanced and improved example of
city construction which the world has seen, and it is carefully studied forits
suggestive value by men of science, capitalists, economists and students of
social science throughout the world.
Pullman is unquestionably one of the greatest attractions Chicago has to
offer her visitors. It is situated on the west shore of Lake Calumet, fourteen
miles south of the Court House. The extreme length of the town is about
two miles in a north and south direction, and it is half a mile in average
width. The surface of streets around the Arcade is r.bout nine feet above the
level of the lake, permitting good basements for buildings. The land rises to
the north and west, and the surface at the foundry is fifteen feet above the lake
level. All improvements in the way of drainage, paving, sewerage, gas and
water, preceded the population, or were put in when the houses were built.
Pullman has a population of 11,783 (September, 1891), and 6,000 operatives are
employed in all the industries here, and their average earnings are $2 a day,
or over $600 a year each. These earnings averaged $610.73 each in the Pull-
man industries for the fiscal year ending July 31, 1891. In no other place are
all workmen so well provided for as here. The following are facts of
interest given in alphabetical order :
THE ENCYCLOPEDIA. 319
ARCADE. This structure, 256x164 feet in size, contains on the first floor
11 the stores of the place, the bank, and post-office. The second story is used
for offices, the library, and theater, and the third for lodge-rooms. It is
heated by steam.
ARCADE THEATER. This theater will accommodate an audience, of 1,000,
and is furnished with all modern conveniences. A good play or concert is
given here once a week, and at prices about one-half of those charged in
Chicago. The drop curtain is the finest painting of the sort in the West.
ART. The town and shops were built under the supervision of artists
and architects, and it is the only town in the world built artistically and
scientifically in every part. Artists are employed in the decoration of cars
inside and outside, and a large force is engaged in carving. .
ALLEN PAPEH CAR WHEEL WORKS. These works have a capacity for
building 12,000 wheels a year. The Allen wheel consists of a steel tire, an
iron hub, and a hard paper center, or core four inches thick, protected on
either side by boiler plates, and all accurately bolted togeter with an inner and
an outer row of bolts passing through the metal and paper. It is used under
sleeping cars and other costly cars and it will run 500,000 miles. These
wheels cost from $40 to $65 apiece.
ATHLETIC ASSOCIATION. This association consists of 150 members, and
within it are ball clubs, rowing crews, cricket clubs, etc., and they have a
play-ground of about ten acres and an island with boat houses and race tracks
and grand stands.
ACCIDENTS. A liberal policy is adopted toward workmen who are acci-
dentally injured, and, when necessary, provision is made for them in Chicago
hospitals which are easily accessible.
ARCHITECTURE. In selecting the architectural style to be followed at
Pullman, it was deemed necessary to choose one that could be adapted to the
great variety of buildings devoted to different uses. In general terms the
style employed might be designated the round arched or Romanesque/without
the Byzantine details for the great shops and principal buildings. It may be
said that the dwellings suggest a simplified modification of the Queen Anne
style of architecture.
AMUSEMENTS. The island and the play-grounds furnish every opportu-
nity for healthful exercise and out-door amusements. Rowing upon Lake
Calumet is a common pastime. There are annual games and regattas and
cycling races, which are attended by amateur athletes from all parts of the
country, and which are witnessed by thousands of spectators.
BAND (See Music.)
BANK. The Pullman Loan and Savings Bank, in the Arcade, now (De-
cember, 1891,) has 1,950 savings depositors, and their deposits aggregate half a
million dollars.
BRASS WORKS. (See Union foundry.)
BLACKSMITH SHOPS. These shops form a portion of the ear works, and
run 125 forges for the smaller forgings used in car construction.
BIRTH RATE 346 children were born here during the fiscal year ending
July 31st, 1891, or thirty per 1,000 of the population.
BRICKYARDS. These immense brickyards have a capacity for turning out
30,000,000 of brick a year. The clay for them is dredged from the bottom of
Lake Calumet. The bricks are all machine made. The dredged area will be
useful when the lake is made into a harbor.
BLOCKS. The size of a block here which will contain tenements for from
320 GUIDE TO CHICAGO.
fifty to 100 families is 660 by 330 feet. Twenty-five blocks are now occupied
by dwellings.
BOILDINGS. There are brick tenements for 1,760 families ; there are sev-
enty frame tenements in the place. These brick buildings contain all the
modern improvements gas, water, etc., aud good basements, which in many
cases are used for kitchens acd dining-rooms.
BUSINESS HOUSES. Business men rent stores in the Arcade or stalls in
the Market building. The Pullman Company has no business Interest in
these mercantile establishments, but merely rents rooms to business men.
Pullman has the best of markets and stores of all kinds.
CALUMET RIVER This stream south of Pullman flows five times ns much
water as the Chicago river, and will, in the near future, furnish from forty
to fifty miles of wharfage. The government is improving the r.ver from its
mouth to 200 feet in width and sixteen feet in depth.
CAUS. Cars of every description are made here, the shops having a
capacity for turning out each week three sleepers, twelve passenger cars, 240
freight cars, and several street cars, the number depending upon the value of
the cars. With the exception of glass, blankets, car springs and plushes
used in upholstering, everything for the best cars is manufactured at Pull-
man; all marble work, glass embossing, mirror-making and electroplating
are done here.
CALUMET MANUFACTURING COMPANY. This company makes paints
which are used here, as well as for the outside market.
CEMETERIES. In the immediate neighborhood there are cemeteries as
follows: On the north is Oakwoods, and on the west are Mount Greenwood,
Mount Olivet and Mount Hope cemeteries.
CENSUS. Enumerations of the people have been taken as shown in the
following tabular statement:
ENUMERATIONS.
Dates. Population. Dates. Population.
January 1, 1881 4 July 28, 1885 8,603
Marchl,1881 57 July 1, 1886 8,861
June 1,1881 654 October 1, 1886 9,013
February 1, 1882 2,084 October 1, 1887 10,081
March 8, 1883 4,512 July 1, 1888 10.560
August 15, 1883 5,823 July 1, 1889 10,610
November 20, 1883 6,685 July 31, 1890 10,680
September 30, 1884 8,513 September 30, 1891 11,783
The last census showed 6174 men, 2,189 women and 3,420 children or a
total of 11,783 persons.
CHICAGO. Pullman is now in the Thirty fourth Ward of Chicago, the
city containing 1,250,000 population. Chicago has no parallel in the history
of cities. Melbourne and San Francisco have grown up simultaneously with
it, but it is nearly twice as large as both those cities. Its area is now 183*^
square miles. It is the second city in the Union, having added three-fourths
of a million of people to its population in ten years.
CHILDREN'S WORK. As yet, only a few children work in the factories
here, probably 100 in all.
CHURCHES. Pullman now has eight different church societies and a num-
ber of handsome church edifices.
CORLISS ENGINE. This beautiful engine ran the machinery at the PhVv
THE ENCYCLOPEDIA. 321
adelphia Centennial Exposition. It is rated at 2,500 horse-power. Connected
with it are 3,268 feet of main shafting. Over ten miles of belting convey
power to machinery in the Pullman shops. This engine weighs 700 tons.
COLUMBIA SCKEW COMPANY. Here metal screws of all sorts are made,
the average daily product, December, 1891, b ing 1,500 gross.
DAIRY FARM. This farm, on the Calumet Kiver, keeps from 80 to 100
cows; the milk is all sold in Pullman and vicinity.
DRAINAGE. A system of drains and laterals takes all the atmospheric
water from roofs and streets into Lake Calumet. The drainage of the town
is perfect, and preceded the population, it being put in simultaneously with
the building of the houses.
DEATH RATE. (See Health.)
DRY KILNS. The shops have extensive dry kilns for drying the lumber
used in passenger and sleeping cars.
DROP FORGE COMPANY. Here are made all manner of drop forgings, as
well as 1,500 pairs of steel shears a day.
DWELLINGS. (See Buildings.)
DREDGING. A dredge is in constant use taking clay from the bottom of
Lake Calumet for the brick yards, and at the same time excavating channels
for the future use of shipping.
DEPOTS. There are now eight railway depots, which render all portions
of tie Pullman lauds easily accessible.
DOCTORS. There are now four resident physicians here, one-quarter of
the average number in the United States for such a population.
ENGINES. There are seventeen different steam engines in and around
the Pullman Car Works and they are rated at about 9,000 horse-power.
ELECTRIC LIGHTING. The paint sliops of the freight car works are lighted
by 66 arc lights, each of 1,200 candle-power and about 1,000 incandescent
lamps are used in other portions of the works.
ELECTROPLATING. All kinds of plating are done in this department,
and here are finished the metal trimmings used in cars, such as curtain rods,
brackets, pumps, locks, hinges, sash trimmings, door knobs, etc. The
department employs 100 operatives.
FLATS. (See Buildings.)
FREIGHT CAR SHOPS. The capacity of these shops is forty finished cars
a day, or one for every fifteen minutes of working time.
FIRE DEPARTMENT. This is now under the city fire marshal.
FLORA. All the flowering plants which thrive in this latitude are grown
at the greenhouses here, and are used for adorning the parks and gardens.
FOUNDRY. (See Union Foundry.)
FUEL. In what might be termed the Pullman industries alone, about
50,000 tons of coal are consumed. All the shavings and sawdust from the
shops are carried out of the shop rooms by means of exhaust pipes, and are
burned under the boilers.
GAS WORKS. Water gas is made by the Lowe process, and is carried into
every room in Pullman. The city is lighted by gas.
GLASS. AH the glass used in cars is prepared here, that is, etched, bev-
eled, and silvered as required. Mirrors for Pullman cars are also made here.
GEOLOGY. There is a deposit here of bowlder drift blueclay about ninety
feet thick, resting upon lime rock, making the best possible foundation for
buildings of every sort.
322 GUIDE TO CHICAGO.
GREENHOUSES. These are kept for furnishing the town, its parks and
gardens with flowers and shrubs.
GARBAGE. At present all the garbage is collected each day and buried
at a distance from the town. Its disposal by burning, or by some process of
rendering it, has been under discussion.
HYDRANTS. There are 160 fire or street hydrants, set at intervals of 300
feet on the streets.
HALLS. There is abundance of hall room in the place.
HAMMER SHOP. Car axles equalizers and other heavy forgings are made
here, and a number of heavy steam-hammers are in use.
HENNEPIN CANAL. When a canal, known under this name, is made, its
natural northern outlet willbe the Calumet river, which flows along our
southern border.
HISTORY. Work was begun here in May, 1880, and the first family came
January 1, 1881, the second late in March of the same year.
HEALTH. The health of the citizens here has always been good. The
number of deaths for the fiscal year ending July 31, 1890, was 160, and during
the year ending July 31, 1891, they were 176.
HOSPITALS. The city hospitals are so easily reached, that it has not, as
yet, been found necessary to build such an institution here.
HOTEL. There is only one hotel, as yet, and it can accommodate about
100 guests. It is known as Hotel Florence.
HOUSES. (See Buildings.;
HOUSE DRAINAGE. (See Drainage.)
JOURNALS. The Arcade Journal, a local weekly paper of eight pages, Is
the only newspaper published here.
ISLAND. Tne ground known as the Island contains five acres, and lies at
the foot of lllth street. It has boat houses, grand stands, a race course and
grounds especially prepared for all manner of athletic exercises. It is under
the control of the Pullman Athletic Association. Many regattas .have been
held at this island.
ICE HOUSES. These houses, belonging to the Pullman Company, on the
southwest shore of the lake, hold 24,000 tons of ice. There are many other
ice houses on the Calumet river and lake.
IRON MACHINE SHOP. This is a part of the car shops, in which all kinds
of iron machine work are done.
INSURANCE. All property here is kept fully insured.
INDUSTRIES. The various industries now here are the car works of Pull-
man's Palace Car Company, The Union Foundry and Pullman Car Wheel
Works, The Allen Paper Car Wheel Works, The Chicago Drop Forge and
Foundry Company's Works, The Pullman Iron and Steel Works. The Calu-
met Manufacturing Company's Paint Works, The Pullman Brick Works,
The Pullman Street Car Works, the works of the Illinois Terra Cotta Lumber
Company, The Columbia Screw Works, and the Standard Knitting Mills.
LAKE CALUMET. This lake is three and a half miles long by a mile and a
half iu width, and may eventually be made into a good harbor.
LAKE MICHIGAN. This inland sea is 330 miles long by an average of
ixty miles in width, and 90 miles wide in its widest part,and is 576 feetabove
the sea level.
LAKE VISTA. This little artificial lake, in front of the shops, contains
about three acres.
LIBRARY. The Pullman Library contains 7,000 volumes, and takes sev-
THE ENCYCLOPEDIA.
323
enty papers and periodicals. It is a personal gift of President Pullman to his
city. It is a circulating library; 19,931 books wer drawn from it during the
fiscal year ending July 31, 1891.
LABOR. (See Workmen and Wages.)
LAND ASSOCIATION. (See Pullman Land Association.)
LIVING AT PULLMAN. Close proximity to the stock yards and surrounded
by market gardens, there is no cheaper place on the continent than Pullman
in which to reside. Meats here cost less than one-half as much as they do in
New York and Boston.
LEASES. The leases have a clause permitting the tenant to vacate a house
on ten days' notice. (See Rents.)
LUMBEHYAHDS. About fifty different kinds of lumber are used here, and
nearly half a million dollars' worth is constantly kept on hand in the yards.
The yards cover about eighty acres of ground. Lumber is obtained from
South America, Central America, Mexico, and from half the States of the
Union.
MACHINERY. There is nearly a million dollars' worth of machinery in all
the industries at Pullman, and it is needless to say that it is the btst of its
kind.
MANUFACTURING. The total value of the finished product from all the
manufactories at Pullman is now about fifteen millions of dollars a year.
That of the whole country is eight thousaud millions of dollars.
MARKET. This building is 110 by 100 feet in size, and in it are the mar-
ket stalls from which meat, vegetables, fruit, fish and poultry are sold. Over
the market stalls is a public hall which will accommodate an audience of 600.
MUNICIPAL. Pullman is now in the thirty-fourth waid of Chicago.
Music. Pullman has one of the best military bands in the West; it now
has fifty musicians. It carried off the first prize in the State band contest at
Peoria, Oct. 3, 1890; it also took eight other prizes.
NATIVITY. The following table exhibits the types of all the workmen
May 1, 1891, and shows the countries where they were born.
Types
PRESENT TYPES AND NATIVITY.
Nativity Totals Types Nativity
Totals
American U. S.
2086
2086
f Denmark
Scandina-J Norway
63
127
Latin
vian 1 Sweden
1181
[Finland
4
1375
Dutch
f England
408
n ... , J Canada
Brltlsh 1 Scotland
269
98
(.Wales
21
796
A llntli
f Germany
661
xVll DllJ
"- {!&
49
1
[ Bohemia
fit
723
Irish Ireland
315
315
NECROLOGY. (Se
Health.)
Belgium
Switzerland
France
(.Italy
Holland
f Australia
East Indies
Greece
107
625
Mexico
Poland
[ Russia
56
8083
324 GUIDE TO CHICAGO.
OPERATIVES. (See Workmen.)
ORGANIZATION. The Pullman Car Works have a general manager and
the town a general superintendent, and under these are foremen in charge of
the several departments. Every independent industry, of course, has its own
superintendent.
PAINT WORKS. (See Calumet Manufacturing Company.)
PLAY GROUNDS. (See Island and Amusements.)
PARKS. The whole place is a park in itself.
PASSENGER-CAR SHOPS. (See Cars.) These shops have room for ahout
150 cars, and turn out from ten to twelve passenger cars a week and three
sleeping cars. They also repair from fifty to 100 cars a month. These shops
are admirably lighted and perfectly ventilated.
PAVEMENTS. There are nearly eight miles of paved streets. The streets
are all surfaced with the best of macadam.
POLICE. We have a detail of two men from the Chicago force.
POLITICS. The two political parties are about equally divided here.
POWER. The steam engines at Pullman are rated at over 9,000 horse-
power. (See Corliss Engine.)
PULLMAN. CARS. The Pullman Company now own and operate 2,239
cars (October 15, 1891), and on 125,000 miles of railroad.
In his annual report made October 15, 1891, President Pullman says:
There have been built during the year, 191 sleeping, parlor and dining
cars, costing $3.079,693.62, or an average of $16,124,05 per car. Ordershave
been placed at the company's works for 51 Pullman cars, the estimated cost
being about $16,500 each, or an aggregate of $841,500.
The number of cars owned or controlled is 2,239, of which 1,965 are
standard and 274 tourist or second class cars. The number of passeneers
carried during the year was 5,310,813; the number of miles run 186,829,886.
During the previous year the number of passengers carried was 5,023,057, the
number of miles run 177,033,116. The year just ended shows, therefore, an
increase of about 6 per cent., both in the number of passengers carried and
miles run.
The total mileage of railways covered by contracts for the operation of
the cars of this company is 124,557 miles.
PULLMAN CITY (see History). It was begun in May, 1880, and now has
about 12,000 people, with 10,000 more within a mile of its dpot. (See Indus-
tries and Census.)
PULLMAN COMPANY. In remarks made at the annual meeting of the
Pullman Company, held October 15th, 1891, President Pullman said:
There has been added during the fiscal year to the company's invest-
ments in shops and plant $127,341.41. The value of manufactured product
of the car works of the company for theyear was $11, 906, 977. 76, and of other
industries, including rentals, $1,353,494.12. making a total of $13,260,471.88.
against $10,213,658.10 for the previous year.
The averag"e number of names on the pay-rolls at Pullman, in the Pull-
man industries alone, for the year was 5,455, and wages paid $3,331,527.41,
making an average for each person employed of $610.73, against $596.46 for
the previous year.
The total number of persons in the employ of the company in its manu-
facturing and operating departments is 13,885; wages paid during the year,
$7,303,108.42. The number of employes for the previous year was 12,367,
and wages paid $6,249,891.65.
THE ENCYCLOPEDIA. 325
PULLMAN FARM. Three miles south of the depot are 140 acres of land,
which have been drained and piped for the reception and distribution of
sewage, which is pumped there from the town. The leading crops aie
onious, celery, cabbage and potatoes.
PULLMAN IRON AND STEKL WORKS. These works employ 250 men and
turn out 100 tons of rolled iron a day. This iron is made largely from scrap.
PULLMAN LAND ASSOCIATION. This corporation owns about 8,000 acres
of land in the Calumet region, and the Palace Car Company owns about 500
acres. The town is chiefly upon the lands of the Car Company.
RENTS. The rents of houses here range fron five ton fly dollars a month,
the Average being fourteen dollars a month; but there are hundreds of tene-
ments renting from six to nine dollars a month. These rents are considerably
less than those for similar tenements anywhere else in Chicago.
RAILROAD There are thirty miles of railroad connected with the town
and shops. This road hiis three locomotives and 150 cars. The road connects
with the belt lines. The United States now have about one-half of the rail-
road mileage of the world, or (November, 1891) 170,000 miles. The total of
the share capital and funded debt and all other forms of indebtedness give a
total of $10,600,01)0,000, or about $60,000 per mile. In rolling stock the
average is one locomotive and one passenger car for every five miles of track,
and there are 1,150,000 freight cars in use.
RIVER CALUMET. (See Calumet River.)
STABLES. The Pullman Stables care for sixty horses, and contain the
quarters of the Fire Department.
SECRET SOCIETIES. Such societies are well represented here, there being
about forty different clubs and associations in the town.
STREETS. There are nearly eight miles of paved streets. The width of
the ordinary street is sixty-six feet, and the distance between house lines ia
about 100 feet. The main boulevard, or One Hundred and Eleventh street,
is 100 feet wide. The streets are all well drained and have good cobble-stone
gutters, well provided with catch-basins; shade trees, too, are planted on
either side, and there are handsome grass-plats between the sidewalks and the
wagon roads.
SEWERS AND SEWAGE. A system of pipes, entirely separate from the
drains for surface waters, takes the sewage from houses and shops to a reser-
voir holding 300,000 gallons under the water tower. The sewage is pumped
from this reservoir as fast as received to a sewage farm three miles south of
the town. The farm is irrigated with the sewage (See Pullman Farm). The
dwellings are all provided with good closets, and there are no outbuildings
other than woodsheds. One million eight hundred thousand gallons of sewage
a day are pumped to the farm.
STREET RAILROAD. About four miles of street car trackshave been laid,
and will doubtless be extended northward and soon connect with tracks lead-
ing to the center of Chicago. All kinds of street cars are built here.
StEAM HEATING All the shops and public buildings, such ns the
Arcade, Church, Schoolhouse and Market are heated by steam, and also all
the dwellings on the boulevard, and those surrounding Arcade Park.
SEWAGE FARM (see Pullman Farm).
SIDEWALKS. There are twelve miles of sidewalks, made largely of two-
inch pine plank. There is some gravel walk and three blocks have brick
walks.
SOCIAL LIFE. There are abundant opportunities here for social pleasures,
326 GUIDE TO CHICAGO.
and a hundred local trains a day make every portion of Chicago easily
accessible.
SCHOOLS. There are excellent schools now under the management of the
Chicago Board of Education. The pupils in daily attendance average about
1,000. The entire enrollment of pupils in the public schools for the school
year ending June 30th, 1891 was 1,218; 611 boys and 607 girls. There were21
teachers.
STORES (see Arcade). The Pullman Company have no interest in mer-
chandising here ; business men simply rent stores in the Arcade, and compete
for business with all parts of Chicago.
SUBURBS. There are about 50,000 people within four miles of the Pull-
man Arcade, and the population is rapidly increasing!
SUBURBAN TRAINS. The Illinois Central Railroad runs about a hundred
trains a day to and from Pullman.
THEATER. (See Arcade Theater).
TERRA COTTA LUMBKR Co. The company manufactures a fire-proof
tiling which is largely used in the ceilings and in partitions of large buildings.
TENANTS. Tenants rent their dwellings from the company, and rents
are payable semi-mnnthly. There are monthly charges for gas and water.
The company takes care of the streets, parks and lawns. (See Buildings
and Rents.)
TREES. Shade trees border both sides of all streets. The trees are
largely elms and maples.
UNION FOUNDRY AND CAR-WHEEL WORKS. Tiis company has a capacity
for working 1,000 men and using 250 tons of melted iron a day. All car
wheels and car castings are made here. All the brass finishings used in car
works are now made here, and this department employs 250 men, and turns
out $300,000 worth of work a year.
WATER. The water used here comes from Lake Michigan, and is carried
inside of all tenements. Water for the use of elevators and for some boilers
is pumped from Lake Calumet.
WATER TOWER. This structure is 195 feet high, and in the top is a
large boiler-iron tank which holds half a million gallons. This is kept tilled
for use in case of fire, and only for fire use. Underneath the tower is a
reservoir holding over 300,000 gallons, to which all the sewage of the town
comes, and whence it is pumped to a farm three miles distant. (See Sewer-
age and Farm.)
WATER WORKS. The water is bought by meter measurement from the
city by the company, which attends to the details of collecting its own water
rates. The town has about fifteen miles of water mains.
WATCHMEN. The shops are provided with watchmen who visit the more
exposed portions of the buildings at short intervals of time, day and night,
reporting to a central station by telephone. Every precaution is taken to
guard against danger from fire.
WAGES. The wages and earnings in Pullman average about $2 a day
for every person employed. Of course some mechanics earn ,$3 and $4 a day.
Men are paid twice a mouth, with checks on the Pullman bank here. The
Michigan Bureau of Labor and Statistics, during the summer of 1891, made
a personal canvass of 8,838 workingmen in 201 different industries in that
state, and found the average annual earnings of those operatives to be $467.02
each, or $143.71 less than the average annual earnings of operatives at Pull-
THE ENCYCLOPEDIA. 327
man. The average annual earnings at Pullman were $610.73 for that same
period. (See Pullman Company).
WOMEN'S WORK. As yet few women and girls are employed about 200
in all the industries here. Those now at work are in clerkships, in the
upholstering rooms and in the Standard Knitting Mills. New industries will
furnisti employment for all women and girls who desire it.
WORKMEN. No operatives anywhere work under better conditions than
here, and the earnings here are larger than those of persons doing similar work
elsewhere. The best and cheapest of markets, good schools, libraries and
churches, with delightful dwellings, and steady work at highest rates of pay,
make Pullman a most desirable place for the mechanic; the best, in fact,
which the world has yet offered him.
Pullman Palace Car Company. Main office, Pullman building. Presi-
dent, George M. Pullman. Directors, George M. Pullman, Marshall Field,
J. W. Doane, Norman Williams and O. S. A. Sprague, of Chicago ; Henry
C. Hulbert of New York, and Henry R. Read, of Boston. One of the great-
eat corporations in the world. (See Pullman.) President Pullman supple-
mented his report to the last annual meeting of the Company, Thursday,
October 15, 1891 with the following general information : During the fiscal
year new contracts have been made with the following railroad companies :
Monterey & Mexican Gulf R. R. Co., for a period of fifteen years ; Chicago,
Peoria and St. Louis Ry., and Jacksonville, Louisville & St. Louis Ry., com-
prising the Jacksonville South-Eastern Line, for a period of twenty -five
years. The contract with the Illinois Central R. R. Co. has been changed for
a new contract, for a period of twenty-five years, this company purchasing
the railroad company's interest in the cars owned under the previous contract.
There have been built during the year 191 sleeping, parlor and dining cars,
costing $3,079,693.62, or an average of $16,124.05 per car. Orders have been
placed at the company's works for 51 pullman cars, the estimated cost being
about $16,500 each, or an aggregate of $341,500. The number of cars owned
or. controlled is 2,239, of which 1,965 are standard and 274 tourist or second-
class cars. The number of passengers carried during the year was 5,310,813 ;
the number of miles run, 186,829,836. During the previous year the number
of passengers carried was 5,023,057, the number of miles run 177,033,116.
The year just ended shows, therefore, an increase of about 6 per cent., both
in the number of passengers carried and miles run. The total mileage of
railways covered by contracts for the operation of the cars of this company is
124,557 miles. There has been added during the fiscal year to the company's
investments in shops and plant, $127,341 41. The value of manufactured
product of the car works of the company for the year was $11,906,977.76,
and of other industries, including rentals, $1,353,494.12, making a total of
$13,260,471.88, against $10,213,658.10 for the previous year. The average
number of names on the pay-rolls at Pullman for- the year was 5,455, and
wages paid, $3,331,527.41, making an average for each person employed of
$610,73, against $596.46 for the previous year. The total number of persons
in the employ of the company in its manufacturing and operating depart-
ments is 13,885; wages paid during the year, $7,303,108.42. The number of
employes for the previous year wns 12,367, and wages paid, $6,249,891.65.
The Pullman Loan and Savings Bank shows savings deposits at the end of the
fiscal year of $456,803.04, a gain of $63,951.57 over the previous year. The
number 'of depositors has increased duiing the year from 1,525 to 1,903,
GUIDE TO CHICAGO.
and the average for each depositor is $240.04. The entire enrollment of
pupils in the public school for the school year was 1,218 611 boys and 607
girls with a regular staff of twenty-one teachers. The population, as shown
by the census of July 31, 1891, is 11,783 persons, as against 10,680 in the
previous year; 2 297 employes are living in the immediate vicinity of Pullman
in houses not owned by the company.
The following is a summary of the financial statement of the corrlpany
for the fiscal year, ending July 1, 1891:
REVENUE. From earnings of cars, $7,871,146.07; from patents, $19,501.79;
from manufacturing, rentals, dividends, interest, etc, $1,881,676.80; total,
$9,772,324.66.
DISBURSEMENTS. Operating expenses, including maintenance of interior
furnishings of cars, legal expenses, general taxes and insurance, $3,509,680 89;
proportion of net earnings paid other interests in sleeping-car associations
controlled and operated by this company, $1,008,324.41; interest on debenture
bonds, $65,600; dividends on capital stock, $2,000,000; repairs of cars in
excess of mileage, $139,495.88; total, $6,783,101.18.
SUKPMJB FOH THE YKAK. Being excess of revenue over ordinary dis-
bursements, carried to credit of income account, $2,989,223.48.
Richards & Kelly Manufacturing Company. Located at 389 Twenty-third
street, two blockswest of Clark street. Manufacturers of prismatic sidewalk
and vault lights, floor-lights, sky-lights and coal-hole covers. This concern
placed the great sky-light in the Palmer House, and has performed a number
of similar mechanical feats equally ingenious and skillful. The process of
manufacture is interesting to visitors.
Seed Market. Chicago for years has been the great market of the coun-
try for field seeds, the facilities for shipping to all parts of the world being
unsurpassed. There is more grass seed shipped from this city than from any
other point on earth. There are a number of houses here which do an
immense seed business. Among them areW. W. Barnard & Co., successors
to Hiram Sibley, 6 and 8 N. Clark St.; Albert Dickinson & Co., 115, 117 and
119 Kinzie; 104 to 110 Michigan, and 1600 to 1614 Clark sts.; J. C. Vauglian
& Co., 88 State St., and the Illinois Seed Company, 16 N. Clark st. The firm
of Albert Dickinson & Co. is one of the greatest in the world. The Illinois
Seed Company is a young firm, comparatively, but, as successors to Hiram
Sibley & Co., has built up a great business.
Ship Building Yard. The year 1890 witnessed the. establishment of a
ship-yard capable of turning out vessels of the best type for lake navigation.
Prior to this no iron or steel vessels had been built at Chicago. This new enter-
prise has been undertaken by the Chicago Shipbuilding Company, composed
of experienced steel shipbuilders, who have located their works on the Calu-
met river, at South Chicago, about a mile above its entrance into Lake Mich-
igan. With a river frontage of about 1,400 feet and an average depth of
over 600 feet, the works cover over twenty acres, affording ample room for
the shops necessary for all the various trades and occupations concerned in
the building of the complete ship, with large storage ground for material
besides. Atthe south end of the property, three slips, each 400 feet long by
100 feet wide, have been excavated to a depth of twelve feet of water,
at a right angle to the river, whose sides give berths for building six
ships of the largest class at one time, which will be launched sideways
U9 PJ
3 I
THE ENCYCLOPEDIA. 329
into the slips. Across the heads of the slips, equally convenient and access-
ible to all the berths, stretches a building 540 feet long by 75 feet wide, con-
taining the boilers and shop engine, healing furnaces for plates and angles,
blacksmith shop, plate and angle shops, small machine shop, pattern shop,
and in the second story a mould loft with a clciar floor 200 feet by 50 feet.
Here the lines of the ships are laid down full size from the models and
dimensions furnished from the drafting office, and the wooden moulds made
by which the steel angles and the plates are shaped. The shops below are
filled with machinery of the latest and most modern types shears, punches,
planers, counters-sinkers, rolls, etc.
The steel comes into the yard from the mills over a side-track from the
Calumet River railroad, a branch of the Pennsylvania system. It is un-
loaded from the cars and delivered to the shops by a traveling crane of sixty-
two feet span, built by the Brown Hoisting and Conveying Machine Com-
pany, of Cleveland, Ohio. A system of overhead tracks in the shop carries
it to the various tools, and leaving them, a narrow-gauge railway takes it to
the building berth. Here a steam cantilever crane of 120 feet span, built of
steel by the same company, and running on trestle-work fifty feet above the
ground, picks it up and delivers each plate, beam or angle'toits appointed
place. The engines will also be put in by thiscrane before launching. The boil-
ers will be hoisted in place by asteel derrick on the river front after launching.
The company are now at work on their first contract, two steel steamers
for the Minnesota Steamship Company, to go into the Lake Superior iron ore
trade. They are to be 292 feet keel, 308 feet over all, 40-foot beam, and 24^
feet deep, with triple expansion engines and steel boilers', and are to be ready
for the opening of navigation this year.
Thomson & Taylor Spice Company. ^ocated at Michigan ave. and
Lake st. This is one of the largest houses of its kind in the world, and its
business of late has been growing immensely. The new building of the com-
pany is a decided ornament to the grocery district. It is about ninety feet
wide by 130 feet long, with light on three sides. It is seven stories high,
giving a total height above ground of about eighty-five feet. Boilers and
engine of 200 horse-power are located in the basement for driving the
machinery throughout the building and the electric light plant. ^The coffee
machinery occupies the top story and parts of the sixth and rifth. There are
twenty-two roasters in one line, with coolers and stoners of corresponding
capacity, and a most complete outfit for polishing, milling and separating
green coffee in large quantities. The establishment is the most perfectly
equipped of any in existence in the country, and is worthy of a visit from
strangers.
Union Stock Yards. Located on South Halsted st. ; in the former town of
Lake, now within the corporate limits, about five and oce-half miles south-
west of the City Hall. Take South Halsted st. horse car for yards direct,
or Stalest, cable line with transfer at Thirty fifth or Forty-third st. Or take
train at Van Buren st. depot, via Chicago, 'Rock Island & Pacific lailway; at
Union Depot viaPittsburg and Fort Wayne railroad, or at Central Depot via
Illinois Central railroad. The visitor will enjoy a drive to the yards by way
of Bridgeport, a great manufacturing centre, or by way of Michigan bfvd. to
Thirty-ninth st., and thence west. The Union-Stock Yards were organized
and opened in 1865. The Stock Yards Company at the present time own 400
330 GUIDE TO CHICAGO.
acres of land 320 acres in one block and eighty acres in outlying Jots. The
larger tract is devoted to the stock yards; some 200 acres being devoted to
yards, etc., while the balance is occupied by railroad tracks and car sidings
Before you, as you enter the main arch way, is a town with twenty miles of
streets, twenty miles of water-troughs, fifty miles of feeding-troughs and
about seventy- five miles of water and drainage pipes. Besides the regular
water works supply there are a number of artesian wells, having an average
depth of 1,230 feet. The plant of the Union Stock Yards Company proper
cost about $4,000,000. Present capital about $23,000,000. The plants of the
various packing companies cost, it is estimated, in the neighborhood of $10,-
000,000. Statistical information covering the immense transactions of the Union
Stock Yards is giv.en elsewhere in this volume. There the visitor will
learn that during the year 1891, 3,250,359 cattle, a decrease from 1890
of 233,921; 205,383 calves, an increase over Ib90 of 30,358; 8,600,805
hogs, an increase over 1890 of 936,977; 2,153,537 sheep, a decrease from 1890
of 29,130; and 94,396 horses, a decrease from 1890 of 7,170, were received at
the yards, the total value of which was $39,434,777. It will also be learned
that of the above receipts there were slaughtered 2,184,095 head of cattle, a
decrease from 1890 of 35,217; 157,052 calves, 5.638,291 of hogs, a decrease
from 1890 of 94,791; and 1,465,332 sheep. The shipments of live
stock from the yards were 1,066,264 cattle, a decrease from 1890
of 194,045; 48,331 calves, a decrease of 13,135; 2,962,514 hogs, an increase of
976,814; 688,205 sheep, a decrease of 241,649; 87,273 horses, a decrease of
7,089. Something more concerning this great market place and manufactur-
ing center (for meats are numbered among the manufactures of Chicago) will
be found elsewhere in this volume, under the head of "Live Stock Trans-
actions." There it will be learned that seventy-five companies are
engaged in the manufacture or packing of meats; that the capital
employed is $17,000,000; that the workers employed are 25,000; that
the wages paid in 1891 amounted to $15,000,000, an increase of $1,415,000;
and that the value of the product during 1891 was $150,000,000, an
increase of $12,725,000. This information, comprehensive though
it is, will hardly satisfy the visitor however. He has heard of the great
meat industry of Chicago for years, and he wants to know more con-
cerning it than can be extracted from mere statistics. Meat packing is the
oldest of Chicago's industries. In the fall of 1832 G. W. Dole slaughtered the
first lot of cattle ever packed in the county. They numbered 200 head and
cost $2.75 per cwt. About 350 hogs costing $3 per cwt. were slaughtered
and packed at the same time. The statistics referred to above will show
readily and graphically how this great industry has been developed. The
Stock Yards to day are one of the wonders of the world. Twenty great trunk
railroads, fed by hundreds of branches which stretch like a mighty octopus
over the land, deliver and carry away the raw and manufactured articles
which arrive at and depart from this spot. During the early morning the
Western roadsare busy unloading their freight of cattle, hogs, and sheep,
while in the afternoon the Eastern roads are equally busy taking delivery and
loading up the stock that is going to Boston, New York and countless other
points. At the packing houses the work goes on all day one train following
another carrying away the finished product of the butcher and packer. The
Stock Yards Company own all the railroad tracks (over 150 miles in all), and
do all the switching or shunting connected with the business of the Yards.
Every railroad company has a direct communication with the Yards, either
THE ENCYCLOPEDIA. 331
through its own tracks or by the Belt line; at any rate, they can all get there
without trouble, and no delays take place. The yards can accommodate, at
their fullest capacity, over 30,000 cattle, 200.000 hogs, 30,000 sheep and 4,000
horses, and while at times they are taxed to their fullest limit, yet as a rule
the stock is well and carefully looked after. As the trains come rolling in,
th Company take charge of the stock; and its location, name of firm to whom
consigned, with description, etc. are detailed in the office of the Company.
How LIVE STOCK is RECEIVED. Practically speaking, all stock is con-
signed to commission men, who at once take charge of it. Sometimes the
cattle are left in the pens where they are placed on arrival; but, as a rule,
salesmen have each certain localities in the Yards and endeavor to get all
their cattle located in the same place. It may be said, before going further,
that the yards are divided into pens. The cattle pens are in divisions, thus:
Division A, pen 1; or division C, pen 20; while the hog pens are located at
the railroad delivery points. Sheep have a separate location for themselves.
The cattle pens are of different sizes, holding from one animal up to 300 or
400 head. As a rule, local, or what are termed native, cattle come in small
lots, generally one or two cars at a time; while range cattle generally come
in train-loads of twelve to fifteen cars. A car-load averages about twenty
cattle, weighing 1,200 pounds each, or about 24,000 pounds to the car. The
hog and sheep pens are covered in. Hogs weighing 250 pounds each run
about seventy head to the car; while sheep are loaded according to weight, as
they differ so much in quality. One hundred fair-sized sheep generally make
a load. Each pen has a water trough, while in those devoted to cattle and
sheep hay-racks are also provided. The cattle pens especially are exceed-
ingly strong, the whole structure being of wood. The floors are of the same
material, as it is most suitable to the climate. Alleys, well "macadamized,"
intersect the yards so that every pen is easily reached, while at convenient
points the weighing scales, the feed store-houses, etc., are placed. On deliv-
ery, the Stock Yards Company becomes responsible to the various railroad
companies for the freight and feed that are due for each shipment. In turn,
the owner, through his commission men, becomes bound for payment to the
Stock Ylards Company. As it would be impossible to collect the "freight as
every car comes in, a settlement of freight and feed charges is made twice a
week; the commission men being obliged to put up a bond of $10,000 to
secure the amounts that may accumulate. In this way matters run very
smoothly. If the owner of the cattle has no bond up, he is obliged to pay
the amount due before the stock is released; but so perfect is the system that
no friction of any kind occurs, and the business in this resrect goes on from
day to day without any trouble.
Subjoined are the regulations and commissions of the market:
Diseased meats are condemned.
Sales, unless otherwise stated, per 100 Ibs. live weight.
Dead hops, 100 Ibs. and over, VsC. per lh.; less than 100 Ibs. of no value.
Broken-ribbed and bruised cattle, docked $5 per head.
Public inspectors dock pregnant sows 40 Its. and stags (altered Jboars) SO Ibs.
each.
Yardage Cattle, 25c.; hogs and sheep, 8c. per head. Feed corn, $1 per bushel;
timothy hay, $30; prairie hay, $20 per ton.
Commissions Cattle, 50c. per head; calves and yearlings, $10 per car; hogs and
sheep, single decks, J6; double decks, $10 per car; public inspection of hogs, 15c. per
car.
332 GUIDE TO CHICAGO.
The charges for yardage are moderate, but the price charged for feed is
out of all proportion to market values, aud there is continual complaint upon
this httter point. Four great parties meet, as it were, in communion every
day at the yards the Stock Yards Company, with its array of employes; the
owners of stock, drifting in from all points of the compass; the commission
men, with their corps of clerks and assistants; and, lastly, the host of buyers
who operate there.
BUYING AND SELLING. Buying and selling goes on every day except
Sunday, while Saturday has come to be looked upon as a sort of settling day
for the week. While, of course, cattle come in at all hours of the day, it is
the object of the railroads to land them in the Yards from four o'clock to
eight in the morning. A very large number of the cattle c.ome out of first
hands ; but the majority are consigned by dealers, who pick them up in small
bunches in the country, except in the case of range cattle, which are practi-
cally consigned by the owners. The hog market opens early, and is pretty
well over by ten o'clock. There are scattering sales after that hour, but the
majority of the work is finished at the above mentioned time. The sheep
market is confined very much to the morning also, while trading in cattle, as
a rule, opens about nine o'clock and goes on more or less up till three i>. M.,
when the whistle blows and business is suspended for the day. When it is
considered that for the five active working days of the weekthereare received
about 10,000 cattle a day, over aud above hogs and sneep, the gigantic nature
of the business can be estimated ; but a man needs to be actually upon the
spot to judge even approximately of how business is carried on. The Stock
Yards Cotnpiuy employ about 1,000 men ; there are about 120 commission
men, who must also employ about 1,000 assistants ; add to this about 800
buyers, and it can well be imagined that from eight o'clock in the morning
till three in the afternoon the Stock Yards present a very active scene. There
are, moreover, hundreds of owners who practically become interested specta-
tors of the work as it progresses, while every day a great crowd of sightseers
put in an appearance. The office-work is mostly confined to the Exchange
Building, where the Stock Yards Company, the commission men, the rail-
road companies, the buyers, etc., have suitable offices. A substantial bank
also occupies a very handsome office in the same building. As soon as the
cattle are delivered to the commission men, their work begins. Hay is
immediately ordered for the cattle ; quantities of course vary, but as a rule
prime cattle eat about five pounds each ; common cattle, seven and a half
pounds, and range cattle get an allowance of ten pounds each. The water is
turned into troughs, and if the cattle have been properly handled on the road,
they take a good fill. Very often cattle have to be sorted and classed, and
this, as a rule, is done before the water is turned into the troughs. As in
other cattle markets, both at home and abroad, supply and demand regulate to
a great extent the price, and when the buyer appears early on the scene it is
pretty good evidence of an active market.
QUICK WOIIK. In the decimal system of currency and weights, the
process of buying and selling is very easy from a financial point of view.
The commission man asks, say, $4 00 per hundred Ibs., the buyer bids $3.80
per hundred Ibs., and they eventually agree upon $3.90 per hundred as the
price, then the remainder of the work is very simple. Shortly after the terms
are agreed upon, the cattle are driven to the scale and weighed. Before they
THE ENCYCLOPEDIA. 3do
are run into the weighing pen, however, they are examined either by the
buyer himself or his agent, to see that there are no broken-ribbed or bruised
cattle. Cattle that are severely bruised are, as a rule, thrown out and sold
separately, while animals with broken ribs are docked $5.00 per head as
stated above. The weighing scale in general use is known as the "Fair-
banks Live Stock Scale," and is an invention that has been of great value to
American stockmen. These scales have capacity to weigh 100,000 Ibs.,
which at 2,000 Ibs. to the ton, is 50 tons; but, as a rule, they seldom weigh
more than 60,000 Ibs. at a time. By this means an immense number of
caltle can be passed over one scale in a day. The weighing beam of the
scale is open to the public, and, as both the buyer and the seller have access
to the room in which it is placed, no disputes ever arise as to weights. An
oHicial ticket of the weight is issued by an employe of the Stock Yards, who
also superintends the weighing, and by this means all disputes are saved.
After the weight has been ascertained the cattle are run off the scale, and
they become the property of the buyer. The commission man takes posses-
sion of the scale ticket and hands it to his bookkeeper, who calculates the
amount due, and collects immediately from the buyer. The large buyers
have arrangements with tbe bank to cash their tickets as they are handed in,
and thus all the trouble of writing cheques, etc., is saved.
CLASSIFICATION OF CATTLE. The classes of cattle coming to market
are pretty well defined. We have, first, the " exporters;" this includes cattle
that are suitable for the Eastern markets as well as good enough to go to
England, Second, the "dressed beef "steers, suitable for the dressed beef
business. Third, " butcher stuff," composed of light steers and the better
grade of cows. Fourth, " canners," which includes everything not good
enough for butchering; and then as an extra class we have the " range" cat-
tle, which are pretty well divided among the last three classes named.
The movement of cattle is most entirely eastward. San Francisco.which
IB a large market, draws quite a number of cattle from California and the
adjoining States, but otherwise there is a continual movement toward the
east. The movement begins at the Gulf of Mexico; the barren plains of
Arizona, the sage brush valleys of Nevada and far Montana, all contribute
and send forward their consignments. From those distant points the work
of shipping is no easy matter. The various lines at suitable points have feed-
ing-yards, where hay is supplied at three times its value. Cattle can be run
from 300 to 500 miles without feed and water, but as a rule the feeding
stations are generally placed about the former distance apart. Within the
last year or two " Palace " stock cars have been introduced, and by this means
cattle can be run practically any distance, as they are constructed to allow
the animals to be fed and watered without unloading. What are known as
the " Street " cars, built on this principle, have up to this time been tlie best
produced, and they are likely to maintain their lead, as they can be divided
into three compartments, which to a great extent prevents bruises.
DISPOSING ov THE RECEIPTS. The cattle having reached Chicago are
sold as described above. Those which arebrought for shipment are driven
over to the shipping divisions, where they are loaded up and forwarded to
their respective destinations. The dressed beef men generally allow their
cattle to remain in the pens over night, and the next day after they are pur-
chased they are driven over to the slaughter-houses. The alleys in the yards
have become so crowded that during the last few years viaducts have been
334 GUIDE TO CHICAGO.
constructed overhead, and along those the cattle and hogs are driven to the
respective packing-Louses.
The cattle having reached the point where they are made into dressed
beef, a description of the methods by which three-fourths of the cattle sold
in Chicago market reach the consumer may now be attempted.
The dressed beef business in America was founded some twenty years
ago. A few years later the work was taken up by the late Mr. George fl. Ham-
mond, of Detroit, who may be termed the father of this business. He was
a man of fine executive ability, and he built up through hisenergies a mag-
nificent trade. He died, unfortunately, just when he had reached the zenith
of his powers. Other partiestook up the business, and it has graduallygrown
(figuratively speaking) from a grain of mustard-seed to a very large tree.
Mr. T. Eastman, one of the largest live-stock shippers in America, branched
off into this trade; Mr. Nelson Morris, well known to every cattle-man both
at home and abroad, also took a hand; in 1880 Mr. G. F. Swift began
upon a most extensive scale; while two years later Messrs. Arniour& Co.
also commenced the business. We have now in Chicago four immenpecou-
cerns viz.. Swift & Co., Armour & Co.. Hammond & Co., and Nelson
Morris & Co. These firms, along with Libby, McNeill & Libby, buy a
very large proportion of the cattle coming into our markets.
SLAUGHTERING THE CATTI,E. The cattle on reaching the slaughter-
house are driven into large pens adjacent to it; thence they are driven^ilong
narrow passage-ways and are put into sepirate compartments by themselves.
These compartments are just large enough to hold one bullock. Over them
is a wooden foot-path, along which a man can walk; the animals are either
shot down or felled from this point. Between the compartments and the
slaughter-house is a lifting-door which slides up mechanically. A chain is
passed around the horns of the animal and it is dragged into the main
slaughter-house, after which, the animal is properly bled. Lifting pulleys
worked by steam power are provided for hoisting each carcass while being
dressed, and iron runs for moving the carcasses in halves or quarters from
the hanging room to the chill-rooms. All the work in the slaughtering
department is done by well trained experts, each one having a single division
of labor to perform. For example, the hides are taken off the carcass by dif-
ferent trained experts in such careful manner as to give them a value of about
one cent per pound over the common butcher's hides; the guts are thoroughly
cleansed and sold for sausage casings; the contents of the entrails are con-
verted into fertilizing substances, which are sold in the older portions of the
country where the lands have been long worn by successive crops; the livers,
hearts, etc., are shipped with the beef to different markets, where they are
sold to good advantage; the bladders are dried and sold to druggists and
other parties; the stomach makes tripe; the tongues are always in demand at
good prices; the horns are sold readily to the comb and knife-haft maker; the
shin-bones are usually in good request for knife handles, and backs for tooth
and nail brushes; the knuckle bones are similarly prepared for making acid
phosphate, and have a fair commercial value for this purpose; the blood is
all utilized for different commercial purposes; the ox-tail trade is now a regu-
lar part of the traffic, as all the great hotels must have ox-tail soup at stated
times; the heads, after being trimmed, are sold for glue stock; the fat taken
from the inside of the bullock is made by a peculiar process into oleomarga-
rine, which has to be sold under its proper name, and sells to fair advantage;
THE ENCYCLOPEDIA. 335
neatsfoot oil is made from the feet, and the hoofs are ground and go in with
the fertilizing substances, so that every part of the bullock is utilized.
From the main slaughtering-house, which to a stranger is a sickening
sight, the carcasses are taken along the iron runways into the refrigeratorg.
There they cool off in a temperature of about 36 Fahr. Passing from the
blood-stained floors of the butchering department to the other portions of the
house, every one is struck witli the remarkable cleanliness of the establish-
ment. There is not a speck of dirt. To this point the greatest attention is
paid, and the meat and other products from these houses are handled with
far more care than in the small slaughtering-houses in the country. From
the coolers the carcasses are run out to the loading platforms, cut into quar-
ters, and Mien put into refrigerator cars, which take the meat away and dis-
tribute it far and near.
A trip through the big slaughtering-houses is very interesting. The won-
derful dexterity of the butchers, the mechanical inventions to help the work,
the methodical system employed, the extreme cleanliness, and, above all, the
rapidity and silence with which everything is done, strike a stranger very
forcibly, and an impartial person who visits those great meat manufactories
generally comes away convinced that American ingenuity in this respect
" beats creation."
PACKING COMPANIES. The great packing companies are as follows:
Allerton Packing Company; Anglo American Provision Co.; Armour & Co.;
Washington Butchers' Sons; Calumet Canning Co.; Chicago Packing and
Provision Company; John Cudahy; Davis Provision Co.; Decker & Murath;
L. B. Dowd & Co.; Horace M. Dupee; Ellsworth &Bartlet^ Fairbank Canning
Company; Fowler Brothers; Garden City Packing and Preserving Company;
Henry D. Gilbert & Co.; Guihman, Leppel & Co.; G. H. Hammond & Co.;
John C. Hately; G. Hunniford & Co.; Hutchinson Packing Company; Inter-
national Packing Company ; Jones & Stiles; Libby, McNeill & Libby ; Thomas
J Lipton; Loss, Collins & Co.; Michener Bros. & Co.; Miller, Hendricks &
Co. ; Minnesota Packing and Provision Co. ; Moran & Healey ; John Morrell &
Co.; Nelson Morris & Co. ; Noonan & Hoff; North American Provision Co.;
Omaha Packing Co.; John O'Malley; Simon Ffaelzer;E. K. Pond Packing
Co.; Samuel Shoenman; William II. Silberhoru Co.; Swift & Co., and Under-
wood & Co. Not all of these concerns transact their packing business at the
Union Stock Yards, but all are closely allied to the great market.
" BIG FOUR." The visitor will hear of the " Big Four" packers. These
are Armour & Co., the Anglo- American Packing Co., Nelson Morris & Co.,
and Swift & Co. These are the greatest packers of the city, and it is the firms
mentioned here who are engaged in the New Stock Yards enterprise. [See
New Stock Yards.]
THE EXCHANGE. Just inside the entrance to the Union Stock Yards is
the Exchange building, where the visitor will find the offices and counting
rooms of the men who practically transact the live stock business of Chi-
cago. These are modestly styled commission men, but they are in reality mer-
chants, and many of them are engaged very extensively in the cattle traffic,
independently of their commission business. Others of them are packers
themselves and buy outright from shippers. Others purchase for packing
houses owned, controlled or managed by them elsewhere. The great major-
ity, however, buy and sell on commission.
836 GUIDE TO CHICAGO.
WHAT ONE FIRM DOEP. Some idea of the magnitude of operations at
the stock yards may !>e formed from the following figures with reference to
the great house of Armour & Co. vThe firm did a business amounting to
$66,000.000 during the year ending April 1, 1891. The hogs killed by the
house numbered 1,714,000 ; cattle, 712,000 ; sheep 413,000. Armour & Co.'s
employes numbered during this period 7,900, and the aggregate wages paid
was $3,800,000. The firm had 2,250 refrigerator cars. The total area
covered by the buildings of the firm was fifty acres ; total floor area of build-
ings, 140 acres; chill room and cold storage area, forty acres; storage capacity
of buildings, 130,000 tons. The Armour Glue Works made 7,000,000 Ibs. of
glue within the same period, 9,500 tons of fertilizers, grease, etc. The
ground covered by the buildings of this department cover fifteen acres, and
the number of employes is 600. During the' year 1890 Mr. Michael Cudahy
separated from the house of Armour & Co. Mr. Cudahy took charge of his
immense interests at Omaha. The other members of the so-called "Big Four,"
as well as many of the packing concerns not included in the quartette, also do
an immense business annually, as the total transactions of the yards testify.
CLAY, ROBINSON & Co. In connection with the live stock industry too
much can not be said of this most popular and reliable firm. They occupy
prominent quarters in the new Bank Building at the Union Stock Yards, and
also have well equipped offices at the Stock Yards, South Omaha. They are
also represented by agents in Kansas City, where, with a full and able equip-
ment of capable men, they can make the best possible sales for their patrons.
They are prepared to handle all classes of live stock at any of the above
points. During th^ past year they have sold upwards of 250,000 head of
cattle, in addition to a very large number of hogs and sheep. This firm,
realizing the neces-sity of some specially prepared report on the live stock
markets, commenced about one year ago the issuing weekly of Ihe Live
Stock Itcjwrt, which they send to their patrons and customers free of cost.
A paper which every feeder, breeder and shipper should not be without, its
columns being devoted entirely to the live-stock industry and containing much
valuable information not olherwise obtainable. This enables them to keep a
complete run of the market and to know when 1o ship to best advantage and
get the best prices. To others they will send their paper for the small charge
of 50 cents per annum, which can be remitted in postage stamps or money
order. In addition to The Refx>rt they will also send to each subscriber one of
two beautifully-colored lithographs of English hunting scenes, especially
prepared for the holidays. Address Clay, Kobinson & Co., Union Stock
Yards, Chicago, 111.
Wood Brothers. The firm of Wood Bros., live stock commission mer
ehants, doing business at the Union Stock Yards, Chicago, and established in
the year 1867, when the live stock interest of Chicago was comparatively in
its infancy. With the growth of the business here, the firm of Wood Bros
have done a constantly increasing business, and at the present time are the
largest handlers of live stock on commission in Chicago. They are also doing
a leading business in South Omaha. The present members of the firm are
8. E. Wood, James Wood, E. A. Wood and R. Nash, each of whom have
been exclusively engaged in this line for over twenty years. This firm, per-
haps, has a more general business than any firm at the stock yards; in other
words, they receive stock from all sections of the country tributary to the
s a
n ,-
O O
O "\
7 d
O S
n
25
Q 3
THE ENCYCLOPEDIA. 337
Chicago market, and make a specialty of every class, having their business so
systematized that each class of stock is handled by separate and expert sales-
men. By this means they have been able to give the very best results to their
patrons, and by promptness, enterprise and constant attention to all the details
of their business, have been enabled thus to build up their trade to its present
proportions. They number among their patrons some of the largest raisers
and feeders of stock in the United States, and in the year 1891 sold for one
company the Home Land & Cattle Co., of St. Louis about 14,000 head of
beef steers. All parties, whether shipping small or large quantities, will
receive uniform courtesy and attention, and their interests will be carefully
protected.
SIGHTS IN PACKING TOWN. When the visitor, all new to the wonders of the
yards and packing town, gets inside of the main entrance his ignorance
betrays him. He loiters about and exposes himself to the guide. The guide
is a walking directory of the stock yards and he will place his entire stock of
knowledge at your disposal for 25 cents. He is one of the few persons who
have mastered the names of all the "streets" and "avenues," for every
crooked and narrow passageway between the big brick buildings is either a
street or an avenue. The main thoroughfare is Packers ave. The guide
leads the visitor first to the gallery adjoining the Exchange restaurant. If
he does not get a few exclamations of delight and surprise out of the visitor
when they mount the gallery then he feels discouraged and loses interest in
his job. This gallery overlooks the great checker-board within the squares
of which there are swarms of cattle; "herds" is not the word to use, for
there are too many. To the west are the packing houses, palaces of refined
butchery. From the packing houses comes an odor, a plainly perceptible
odor, which is rather disagreeable at first. This packing town odor has been
unjustly criticised. It is unpleasant only on short acquaintance. Toany one
accustomed to it there is only a pleasant suggestion of rich, ruddy blood and
long rows of tempting " sides " hung up to cool. The stock-yards atmos-
phere is healthful. The average weight of a packing-house employe is about
a hundred and eighty pounds. "Nick" Baker, who kills 5,000 hogs every
day for Armour, weighs 250 pounds. The only man around the yards who
does not seem to gather adipose is George T.Williams, manager of the Union
Stock Yards. His figure is rather spare. It is said that if he would lenghten
his office hours his weight would soon approach that of George Sunder) and.
The latter is autocrat of the great Armour packing houses, and perhaps the
best known and one of the most popular men in packing town. Twenty
years of business responsibilities such as would have reduced an ordinary
man to a mere shadow have failed to deposit a single wrinkle on Mr. Sunder-
land's placid features. He spends most of his time out of doors, sitting on
the office steps. Every few minutes a messenger boy rushes up to him and
hands him some communication involving, perhaps, the purchase of 5,000
animals " on the hoof," or the loading of 150 refrigerator cars. Mr. Sunder-
land writes a few words on the back, of the message afte* he has glanced at
the contents. For beim? able to always write the proper thing Mr. Suuder-
land receives a salary which it would take five figures to indicate. He is on
friendly terms with all of the thousands of men under him and is altogether
unpretentious in manner and dress. In a little office back of the Exchange
buil ling Nelson Morris has his headquarters. He is an inveterate whittler.
The floor of his office is literally carpeted with fine shavings, and a number
338 GUIDE TO CHICAGO.
of white-pine sticks are always neatly corded up on his desk. It is a com-
mon saying around the yards that the shipper who is on hand at the office
early in the morning with a good straight-grained stick will get his cars out
first. When the millionaire packer is dictating to his private secretary'or
issuing important orders he whittles somewhat furiously and cuts his notches
deep. Every notch represents several dollars. A pleasant-faced old gentle-
man with silvery hair rides horseback up and down the principal " streets "
of the yards each day. He is on the lookout for crippled or " lumpy- jawed "
animals, and is the agent of the State Live stock Commission. Thi^is Captain
McDonald, for many years assistant warden of the Joliet penitentiary. He
still carries a scar given him by the notorious desperado Frank Rande, and
has a knowledge of " crooks " such as only few men in the country can claim.
After years of experience with tough mortals he finds it rather to his liking
to do some humane work among the more appreciative occupants of the
stock-yards" pens." There is one particular guide at the stock yards fre-
quently pointed out as an extremely interesting fellow. This is " Old Bill,"
the bunko steer. He is perhaps the most depraved animal in existence.
There is no element of brotherly love or patriotism in his nature. His duty
at the yards is to guide droves of cattle to the slaughter houses. He has
mastered his little act and reduced steering steers to a science. Every day
he takes his post near one of Armour's packing houses and waits until it is
necessary to drive a herd of cattle up the viaduct to the killing-rooms. Ho
then joins the drove, ingratiates himself into their good-will, and tells them
that he knows of a good pasture not far away. At his suggestion the cattle
think about it and finally resolve to let him lead them there. Bill, the bunko
steer, laughs softly and a cruel look lights his eyes. He lopes off through the
mud toward a large gate not far away. Following after him are a hundred
or more cattle, every one entertaining a vision of gently-swelling kills covered
with long, wavy blue-grass and sweet-clover blossoms. Bill leads them to this
gate and allows the herd to go through it, while he steps aside and avoids the
rush. As the dust of the rush clears off a little a familar figure is observed
slowly strolling away from the gate. It is "Bill." On his face is no
remorse as he saunters back to his post of duty near a tall fence. He is then
ready to betray a couple hundred more of his unsuspecting relatives.
W. W. Kimball Company. The great piano and organ factories of the
W. W. Kimball Company are among the attractions of Chicago, and will
interest the visitor about as much as any that can be poiLted out. The build-
ings composing the factories are three in number, each being a counterpart of
the other, five stories high, with a frontage of eighty feet and a depth of 250
feet. Together they have a floorage of over 300,000 square feet. They are
located oh the Chicago river, and near the junction of two railroads, with a
private switch leading into the premises. The grounds comprise over seven
acres of land, the most of which is used as a lumber yard. The company have
some 4, 000, 000 square feet of lumber on hand. The six large dry-houses
hold 150,000 square feet. As soon as the lumber is sufficiently dried it is
placed on little cars made expressly for that purpose, and wheeled directly
into the mill-room, where it is cut up into proper shapes for both pianos and
organs. For this purpose the company have all the latest improved machines.
The work is divided between the three factories, the organs being made in
one, while the others are devoted exclusively to pianos. All the mill work,
THE ENCYCLOPEDIA. 339
however, is done in the organ factory. These factories give employment to
six hundred men. Each factory is divided by a thick fire-wall into three
parts. The company is now shipping about 100 pianos every week, or about
5,000 per annum, and about 12,000 organs a year. Permission to visit the
factories may be obtained at the Wabash avenue salesroom.
The new Kimball building on Wabash avenue is one of the finest edifices
for the purpose in the country. It has a frontage of eighty feet, is seven
stories high, and is built of chocolate-colored brick, with brown-stone trim-
mings. All the walls are deadened and all the floors double, with cement
filling and air-chambers between. No expense has been spared to make this
one of the strongest and most durable buildings of its kind. The ware-rooms
and offices occupy the first floor; Kimball Hall, with two rooms adjoining for
the exhibition of Concert and Baby Grands, occupies the second floor. "The
hall has a seating capacity for about 600 people, but it is so arranged that the
two rooms devoted to the sale of grands can be used to enlarge the hall by
means of folding doors, which will double the seating capacity. The five
floors above are furnished for offices and studios, frontaud back, for the use of
musicians, teachers, artists, etc. There are upwards of fifty of these rooms, the
most of which are already engaged. The hall and ware-rooms are ventilated
by a special system of exhaust ventilation, oy means of which every particle
of air can be changed every fifteen minutes. The temperature is controlled
by an electric apparatus, which acts automatically and can be adjusted so as
to furnish any degree of heat required. All of the elevators are run by steam
or water and the building is lighted throughout by incandescent lights. The
latest improvements of all kinds in every department have been used, and
every detail carefully attended to in order to make this a model structure.
Location of building, 243 to 253 Wabash ave. near Jackson st.
HOSPITALS AND DISPENSARIES.
The hospitals of Chicago are numerous, the system under which they are
conducted, as a rule, is liberal, their management is admirable, and their
charity is Catholic in its scope. The visitor or stranger in this city if stricken
down by accident or disease need not fear but that he will be cared for with
the same solicitude and tenderness that he would find at his own home, no
matter what his nativity or his creed may be, or whether he be rich or penni-
less. The hospitals of Chicago never close their doors upon the stranger.
Public, private, protestant, Roman Catholic and Jewish institutions alike are
open to men, women and children in distress, without question, and, when
there is a necessity for it, without price. There are thirty-five patrol wagons
in the police service, every one of which is equipped as an ambulance, and is
used as such in case of emergency. One or more of these may be summoned
to the scene of an accident, or to the relief of a striken person, within the
space of ten minutes from almost any given point in the city. In addition to
the patrol ambulance service, there are two regular ambulances, built espe-
cially with a view to the comfort of afflicted or injured persons, and this num-
ber will in all probability be increased to twenty -five before the Worlds'Expo-
sition is held here. To Miss Ada C. Sweet belongs the honor of originating
340 GUIDE TO CHICAGO.
the regular ambulance service in this city. Those who need medical attend-
ance aud medicine, and find themselves unable to meet the cost of the same,
will be provided for at the various dispensaries mentioned below. The hos-
pitals and dispensaries of the city are as follows:
Ditpensaries. ALEXIAN BROTHERS' HOSPITAL, Pharmacy, 539 N. Market
st. AMERICAN COLLEGE OF DENTAL SURGERY, 78-80 State st. ARMOUR
MISSION, Thirty-third st., se. cor. Butterneld st.; open daily (Sundays
excepted) from 9 to 11 A. M. BENNETT FREE DISPENSARY, Ada and Fulton
sts. ; Supt., H. S. Tucker, M. D.; attended by the Faculty of the Bennett
Medical College; open daily (Sundays excepted) from 1 :30 to 3 p. M. BE-
THESDA FREE MEDICAL MISSION, 406 Clark st. ; under care of W. C. T. U. ;
open every day, except Saturdays and Sundays, from 3 to 5 p. M. CENTRAL
FREE DISPENSARY of West Chicago, Wood and W. Harrison sts.; attended
by the Faculty of Rush Medical College; Medical Superintendent, Philip
Adolphus, M. D.; office hours, 9 to 12 A. M., and 1 to 6 p. M.; Sundays, 9 to
10:30 A. M. CENTRAL HOMOEOPATHIC, S . Wood and York sts. ; attended by the
Faculty of the Chicago Homoeopathic College; Superintendent, Curtis M.
Beebe, M. D.; open daily (except Sundays) from 9 to 12 A. M., and 2 to 4
p. M. CHICAGO CLINIC ASSOCIATION, open daily, from 3:30 to 4:30 p. M.;
room 215, 70 State st. CHICAGO COLLEGE OP DENTAL SURGERY, 122 Wabash
ave.; open daily from 9 A. M. to 4 p. M.; Supt., N. D. Edmonds, M. D.,
D. D. S. CHICAGO HOSPITAL FOR WOMEN AND CHILDREN, Paulina and W.
Adams sts.; open every day except Sunday. CHICAGO POLYCLINIC DIS-
PENSARY, 176 Chicago ave.; open 8:30 A. M. to 6 P. M. daily. CHICAGO
SPECTACLE CLINIC, 70 State st., room 209; open 9 to 10 A. M. ;
Dr. Fannie Dickinson, surgeon in charge. GERMAN HOSPITAL, 754-
756 Larabee st. ; attended by J. Hcelscher, M. D., and hospital
house physicians; hours 9 to 12 A. M. and 2 to 4 p. M., except Sun-
day. HAHNEMANN COLLEGE FREE DISPENSARY, 2813 Groveland ave.;
attended by the faculty of Hahnemann Medical College; open all day. ILLI-
NOIS EYE AND EAR INFIRMARY, 121 S. Peoria st.; open daily (except Sunday)
from 1 to 3 P. M.; Supt., E. C. Lawton. LINCOLN STREET DISPENSARY
(Women's Medical College), 335-337 S. Lincoln st.; open from 2:30 to 5 p. M.
MICHAEL REESE HOSPITAL FREE DISPENSARY, Groveland ave., ne. cor. Twen-
ty-ninthst. NATIONAL TEMPERANCE HOSPITAL, 3411 Cottage Grove ave.;
open from 10 to 12 A. M. and 2 to 4 p. M.; NORTH STAR, 192 Superior st.;
Supt. , E. J . Broughan, M. D. ; open daily (except Sunday) 1 to 2 p. M. NORTH-
WESTERN COLLEGE OF DENTAL SURGERY, 1203 Wabash ave.; openfromSA.M.
to 6 P. M. SOUTH SIDE FREE DISPENSARY, Prairie ave. and Twenty-sixth
st. ; open daily 1 to 3 p. M.; attended by the faculty of Chicago Medical Col-
lege. ST. LUKE'S FREE DISPENSARY, 1420-1430 Indiana ave.; open daily
from 12 M. to 4 P. M. WEST SIDE FREE DISPENSARY, in College of Physi-
cians and Surgeons, 315 Honore and W. Harrison st. ; open daily (except Sun-
day) from 1 to 5 p. M.; Pres., S. A. McWilliams, M.D. WOMAN'S HOSPITAL
OF CHICAGO, Rhodes ave., nw. cor. Thirty-second St.; open daily (except
Sunday) from 2 to 4 P. M. YOUNG WOMEN'S CHRISTIAN ASSOCIATION (for
women and children), 39 Rowland blk.; open Monday and Friday from 12 M.
to 1 P. M ; Supt., Dr. Odelia Blinn.
Alexian Brothers' Hospital. Located at 539 to 569 North Market street.
Take North Market street car. Conducted by the order of Cellites or Alexian
Brothers; Brother Phillip Krainer, rector. A Roman Catholic hospital which
THE ENCYCLOPEDIA. 341
admits all creeds and classes. The hospital is conveniently situated. The
buildings are large and handsome. The care taken of patients is unexcelled
anywhere.
Augustana Hospital. Located at 151 Lincoln ave. Take Lincoln ave.
cable line. Conducted by the Swedish Evangelical Lutheran Churches.
Surgeon in-chief, Dr. A. J. Ochsner, a commodious structure and a hospital
of high standing.
Bennett Hospital. Located at the corner of Ada and Fulton sts. Take
Lake street car. President, P. L. Clark, M. D.; resident physician, secretary
and treasurer, H. S. Tucker, M. D. A hospital of the smaller order.
Chicago Emergency Hospital. Located at 192 E. Superior street. Take
North Clark street cable line. Conducted under the auspices of an associa-
tion of Christian ladies. Its object is to care for persons suddenly stricken,
and who can not be removed to the regular hospitals without risk of life.
Matron, Mrs. F. Birkner. Physicians, Drs. Chr. Fenger and Ralph Isham.
House doctor, Dr. O. Waters.
Chicago Hom&opathic Hospital. Located at the corner of South Wood
and York sts. Take Ogden ave. or W. Taylor st. car. C. T. Hood, Jr.,
M. D., superintendent.
Chicago Floating Hospital. Located at North Pier, Lincoln Park. Take
North Clark street cable line. Open only during July and August. [See
"Chicago Daily News Fresh Air Fund," under head of "Charities."] Presi-
dent, Joseph Stockton; treasurer, George Sturges.
Chicago Hospital for Women and Children. Located at the northwest
corner of West Adams and Paulina sts., West side. Mrs. J. C. Hilton, presi-
dent; Mrs. Geo. Oberne, secretary; Mrs. Henry Wilkinson, treasurer. Take
Madison st. or Ogden ave. cable car. This is one of the handsomest charity
structures in the city. It was founded in 1865, and was destroyed in the great
fire of 1871. Its founder was a woman and a physician, Dr. Mary Harris Thomp-
son, who is still at the head of its surgical and medical staff. Its beginning
grew out of the philanthropic work done during the war by the ladies of
JChicago among the soldiers and their families. The fiist building occupied
was a small, old-fashioned house at the corner of Rush and Indiana streets.
This was opened in May. The following May they removed to a larger
building on Ohio street, near Clark. Here they remained three years and
three months, and then made another move to 402 North State st., which was
purchased by two trustees, Mr. Gilbert Hubbard and J. Y. Scammon, for its
use, where the great fire of 1871 overtook them, laying the building in ashes.
The perils under which the patients, twenty-two in number, suffered that
night are still remembered by the survivors. A tent was erected on the
prairie, in which the officers and their charges remained until the
morning of October 10, when Dr. Thompson, who had been searching for
a nouse, returned with the news that she had found one on the West Side.
The patients were hurried away from their uncomfortable quarters to the
hastily arranged hospital, a three-story dwelling on West Adams st. The
Relief and Ai'd Society came at once to their rescue, and the entire building
was fitted up in a rude way and filled from garret to cellar with women and
children, victims of the conflagration . There had been enormous barracks
constructed for the temporary assistance of the thousands of homeless people
by the II lief and Aid Society, nnd they finally decided that this hospital
must come with these barracks, that more good might be done with the money
342 GUIDE TO CHICAGO.
accessary to support it separately. The hospital was thus again disunited.
After a few weeks' trial of this consolidation the hospital ladies were informed
that they must again assume charge of their patients, and gave them out of
the relief fund $25,000 for the purchase of a prominent site for their institu-
tion. With this they bought the lots at Paulina and Adams sts. , 150x130 feet,
on which stood a small wooden building. This was raised and remodeled at an
expense of $3,000. The hospital occupied the remodeled dwelling on Adams
st. until 1883, when Dr. Thompson determined upon a new one, so sufficiently
commodious that no worthy sufferer need be turned away for lack of room.
The building was at once begun, and was ready for occupancy in December,
1886; and it is now free of debt and valued, together with its grounds, at
something over $100,000. It is five stories and basement and constructed of
brick and stone. The entire force within its walls, with the exception of the
engineer, fireman and janitor are women. The expenses of the institution are
met by voluntary contributions from the philanthropic, not only in Chicago,
but from all over the land wherever its good works are known, and by receipts
from paying patients, who frequently come from distant homes to avail 1 hem-
selves of its superior advantages for treatment and perfect nursing. There
are eighty beds, of which twenty are in private rooms. There is a training
school attached, and here their nurses are prepared for the important and
delicate duties before them. Dr. Thompson has not resided in the hospital
since the fire, but has always been at the head of its medical and surgical
staff, She also retains entire charge of the gynecological ward. There are
six attending physicians and six physicians on the dispensary staff. The
consulting staff are fifteen of Chicago's ablest city physicians.
Cook County Hospital. Situated between Wood, Harrison, Lincoln and
Polk streets, West Side. Take Ogclen avenue, Taylor street, or Van Buren
street car. Oae of the largest public hospitals in the world. It is conducted
under the management of a Warden, appointed by the County Commission-
ers. The visitor will be much interested by a walk through the spacious
wards and corridors of this immense institution. The Cook County Hospital
was established in 1865, though it did not begin its work until January, 1866.
Previous to that time the city had been accustomed to board its sick at Mercy
Hospital. But in January, 1866, it fitted up two wards in the old City Hos-
pital, at the corner of Eighteenth and Arnold sts., and moved to them twelve
patients from Mercy Hospital. These wards were soon filled and additions
to the building were erected. But very soon these also were overcrowded,
and in 1876 the institution was removed to its present location, at the corner
of West Harrison and Wood sts. The new buildings, which were not all
erected at the same time, consist now of a long administration building of
imposing appearance, and a pavilion of four wards, and a wing of three wards
on each side of it, withgenerousspaces between all these buildings.conducing
greatly not only to their appearance, but to the light, ventilation and comfort
of the wards. They are situated on a lot containing twelve acres of ground.
In the administration building are the main office, the examining-room for
patients, the drug store, the office of the custodian, the office for coroner's
inquests, theoffices of the warden, theregistrar, the chief clerk, the hospital
committee, and the medical board, and the private apartments of warden, in-
ternes and druggist. In the rear of this building is the instrument-room, the
office of the training school for nurses, and the amphitheatre. The buildings
taken together constkutealmost a village in themselves. It has an immense laun-
dry, a kitchen that turns out 4,000 pounds of bread a week, a large drug store, a
THE ENCYCLOPEDIA. 343
grocery store and its own carpenters, painters, steamfitters and plumbers. It
always contains 500 patients and 200 physicians, nurses and employes. The
kitchen has in connection an ice house holding forty tons of ice. The wards
are fourteen in number, and of these, three are male medical, five are male
surgical, one is female medical and two female suigicaJ, in addition to one
obstetrical ward and one ward for children. The pavilion wards are very
large, being 120 feet long by thirty in width. They are lighted by windows
on each side and contain a row of beds on each side. There are in each of
them about forty-t wo beds. The wing wards are 46 by 15 feet in size and
contain about thirty beds. They are lighted by windows on three sides.
Every ward has in connection with it a bath-room, a nurse-room, a linen-room,
a kitchen and dining-room. The surgical wards have also operating rooms.
The beds are all of iron, with woven wire springs. The floors of the wards
arc of Georgia pine and the floors of the corridors are paved with tiles. The
organization of this vast establishment is large enough for many a city. The
officers now are, John J. Phelan, warden; Dr. Louis J. Mitchell, registrar;
T. W. Corkell, chfef engineer; John J. Mahoney, custodian; Dr. D. P. Rus-
sell, druggist, and Miss Virginia S. Field, superintended of nurses. The
medical attendance is furnished by three large medical boards, one for the
allopaths, one for the homoeopaths and one for the eclectics, and each board
is divided into corps of surgeons, physicians, gynaecologists, oculists, aurists
and pathologists. In like manner there is a house staff for the allopaths,
another for the homoeopaths and another for the eclectics, and each staff is
divided into surgical officers and medical officers. High over all these officials
are the hospital committee, consisting of J. W. Reilly, chairman, J. T. Kelly,
N. A. Cool, O. D. Aller and P. F. Maloney, who have fine apartments and are
treated with wonderful respect at the hospital. During the six mouths end-
ing January 1, 1889, there were received and treated 3,255 cases, and during
the six mouths ending July 1, 1889, 3,903 cases, showing an increase of 648.
As there were 435 patientspresenton January 1, 1889, and 488 on July 1, 1889,
the number in the hospital during the two periods respectively was 3,690 and
4,391. So that, as large as the institution is, it is only a matter of time when
its vast accommodations will have to be increased to keep pace with the grow-
ing wants of the city.
German Hospital. Located at 754-756 Larrabee street, North Side.
Take Larrabee street car. President and treasurer, F. F. Hemming; secretary,
JohnC. Burmeister; surgeon-in-chief, Dr. Christian Fengar; physician-in-
chief, G. Haesert, M. D. This is one of the leading though not the largest
hospitals in the city, and is supported by an association of citizens of Ger-
man birth and descent.
German Hospital. Located at 754-7^6 Larrabee street, North Side.
Take Lincoln ave. street car. President and treasurer, F. F. Henning; secre-
tary, John C. Burmeister; surgeon-in-chief, Dr. Christian Fenger; physuian-
in-chief, G. Hessert, M. D. This is one of the leading though not the" largest
hospitals in the city, and is supported by donations and an association of citi-
zens mostly of German birth and descent.
Harinemann Hospital. Located at 2813-2815 Groveland ave. Take Cot-
tage Grove ave. cable line. This hospital is established for the homoeopathic
treatment of medical and surgical diseases. It is the only exclusively homoeo-
pathic hospital in Chicago. It is a private institution and wholly under con-
344 GUIDE TO CHICAGO.
trol of its Board of Trustees and Medical Staff. It is open for the reception
of patients at all times during the year and takes all classes except con-
tagious diseases. It has a resident physician, a surgeon, a corps of trained
nurses and a staff of- eminent visiting physicians. Clinics for the treatment
of charity patients by specialists in charge of the different departments are
held. Women are received for confinement. Pay patients may enter at any
time. Charity cases are received from September to May, and may enter two
weeks before confinement. Board, nursing and attendance may be obtained
for from nine to twenty-five dollars per week, according to accommodations
demanded.
Hebrew Hospital. Jewish residents of Chicago have in hand the creation
of a hospital on the West Side, with a dietary system, strictly in accordance
with the orthodox Jewish law. It is said that many people of the faith are
deterred from entering other hospitals by fear that the treatment prescribed
may interfere with rabbinical laws. The hospital will probably be estab-
lished this year.
Maurice Porter Memorial Free Hospital. Located at 606 Fullerton ave.
Surgeons, Thurman W. Miller, M. D., W. S. Belfield, M. D. Superinten-
dent, Miss E. C. Culler. Also Physicians, Dr. Chas. Rutter and Dr. W. 8.
Christopher.
Linruen Hospital. Formerly known as "The Maternity Hospital."
Located at 1619 Diversey avenue. It is now a public hospital. At one time
the hospital was a private institution under the management of Dr. Sven-
Windrow, but the idea of making it a free hospital for the benefit of strangers
in this country, especially those of Scandinavian parentage, was finally sug-
gested. It was favorably received and then earned out. The idea of the
projectors of the new institution is to make of it a place where the poor of
any nationality can be treated for all diseases. The building is a five-story
structure and it has accommodations for thirty-four patients. Formerly only
those who needed the advice and attention of a midwife were admitted, but
the plans have now been changed. Miss Anna Malmquist, matron.
Mercy Hospital. Located on Twenty-sixth st. and Calumet ave. Take
Cottage Grove ave. cable line to Twenty-sixth st. Conducted by the Sisters
of Mercy. Medical and Surgical attendance by the faculty of the Chicago
Medical College, which is located on the Hospital grounds. [See Northwest-
ern University.] The oldest and one of the largest of existing hospitals.
This splendid institution was organized in 1851. The leading medical men
of Chicago had opened in 1850 the Lake House, a hospital which they sty led
The Illinois General Hospital of the Lakes. The city at that time had a pop-
ulation of about 30,000. It was supplied with water by an engine and pump
at the foot of Lake st. Chicago previous to this time had neither sewer nor
water. The city authorities were making a three-cornered plank sewer on
Clark (then spelled Clarke) st. To call attention to sanitary improvements,
Dr. N. S. Davis, who has been connected with the hospital ever since, gave
six lectures, from the proceeds of which, together with some donations, twelve
beds were purchased. Finding that the hospital was not conducted to their
liking, the doctors asked the Sisters of Mercy to take charge of it, which they
did. They at once doubled the number of beds, and the hospital soon occu-
pied half of the Lake House building. The hospital passed entirely into the
hinds of the Sisters. For a short time it occupied another structure called
THE ENCYCLOPEDIA. 345
the Tippecanoe House, a poorly built and badly arranged affair, from which
location it was removed to a building erected by the Sisters for an Orphan-
age. After several years it was removed to a fine edifice erected for a young
ladies' seminary. In 1869 the corner-stone of .the present hospital building
was laid. The site was purchased in Mother Agatha O'Brien's time, with
the first money laid up by Mother M. Vincent McGeir, when in
charge of the old hospital. As Bishop Vandevelde, then in charge of this
diocese, had peculiar views regarding the propriety of a religious order pos-
sessing property in common, the purchase was made through the agency of a
friend. It cost six hundred dollars. The above facts are gathered from a
chapter in "Leaves from the Annals of the Sisters of Mercy," written by
" a member of The Order of Mercy" (Sister Mary Teresa Austin Carroll) who,
upon referring to the original cost of the site, adds: "It is now (1880) worth
two hundred thousand dollars! " The probability is that the site is much more
valuable to-day than it was in 1889, as it embraces one of the finest blocks,
fronting on two of the handsomest avenues in the Southern part of the city.
The building erected in 1869, to which additions have since been made, was
looked upon at the time as being a magnificent structure. It is a fine edifice,
even in the present age of wonders in Chicago architecture, but it has long
since ceased to meet the requirements of the sisters. The hospital, always popu-
lar, has had a steadily increasing patronage for the past ten years,and the sisters
have been compelled to exercise all their ingenuity to care tor the great num-
ber v h > have sought admission. The Sisters at one time cared for the county
patients. [See Cook County Hospital.] The medical and surgical departments of
the hospital are referred to elsewheie. It is hardly possible to say anything that
would be new to the public regarding the Sislers of Meicy as nurses of the sick.
Their unselfish devotion, their fearless regard of duty, on the field of battle
or in the midst of a plague-stricken community; their gentleness of touch,
their patient assiduity in the care of the old and the young, the poor and the
rich, the resident and the stranger, have long attracted the attention and the
admiration of people, Protestant and Jew as wel) as Roman Catholic, the
world over. The Sisters of Mercy Hospital, in this city, have brought
thousands back from the brink of the grave, and composed the minds of
thousands more for the inevitable end. They have won the affectionate
regard and the most exalted respect of the best people of the community, and
no institution in Chicago stands higher than the hospital which they manage.
The building has become too small for them. It is not the structure their
great work of christain love and charity demands, and it is probable that in
the near future either the entire site of the present hospital will be built upon,
with the main building facing, Prairie avenue, or a new site, farther to the
south, will be selected. The contiguity of the present site to the heart of the
city, however, renders it most desirable.
Michael Reese Hospital. Located at Twenty-ninth street and Groveland
avenue; take Illinois Central train to Twenty-first street or Cottage Grove
avenue cable line. This is one of the most praiseworthy institutions in the
city, and is conducted under the auspices of the United Hebrew Charities,
which also has under its charge and protection a training school for nurses, a
dispensary, a library, an employment bureau, a relief society, a cemetery,
and numerous auxiliary charities. The Executive Board for 1890-91 is as
follows: Isaac Greensfelder, president; Herman F. Hahn, vice-president;
Herman Schaffner, treasurer; Charles Hefter, financial secretary; Benja-
346 GUIDE TO CHICAGO.
min J. Wertheimer, recording secretary; Boerne Bettman, Bernard Cahn,
Morris Eiustein, Henry L. Frank, Bernard Mergentheim, Henry N. Hart,
Henry Elkan. Emanuel Frankenthal, Jacob Rosenberg, Leo Fox, trustees;
Francis E. Kiss, superintendent; S. Bartenstein, superintendent of Labor
Bureau.
All red tape is abolished in connection with this hospital, as arc regular
visiting days at the relief rooms ; applicants are receivtd during all business
hours of each day and during every business day in the year. Recently the
capacity of the hospital, a fine building, has been greatly increased, the train-
ing school for nurses established, and a children's ward added. Additional
assistants have also been added to the hospital relief force. This hospital
ranks among the best in the country, both in its internal arrangements and its
medical staff. During the fiscal year of 1889-90 the Relief officers assisted,
including adults and children, over sixty-five hundred persons, and a much
larger number during 1890-91. Among recent bequests was that of $10,000
from the family of the'late Conrad Seiph, and $4,100 from others. Work-
ing for the various charities and The Young Men's Hebrew Association, the
West Side Ladies' Sewing Society, the North Side Ladies' Sewing Society,
the West Side Ladies' Aid Society, the South Side Ladies' Sewing Society
and the Young Ladies' Aid Society, all of which contribute largely toward
their maintenance. The cemetery is located at Ridgelawn, in the suburbs,
and has been beautified greatly of late. Sixty-one persons were buried there
by the United Societies iu 1879. For the fiscal year of 1889-90 nearly $17,000
were expended for relief, some $13,500 of which was contributed by the vari-
ous Hebrew congregations ; the general expenses of the hospital amounted to
nearly $27,000, exclusive of over $15,600 expended upon permanent improve-
ments. The total amount received by way of donations and subscriptions for
relief, and for the hospital, amounted to $33,457.56. The receipts from pay
patients, together with the amount of interest collected from the sinking
fund, amounted to less than $14,000. The sum total in the sinking fund, of
every kind and character belonging to the association, amounted to about
$94,000.
National Temperance Hospital. Located at 3411 Cottage Grove ave.
Take Cottage Grove ave. cable line. Mrs. M. C. Baker, president ; Mrs. J.
B. Payne, treasurer ; Linnie M. Ousley, M. D. Conducted under the auspices
of the National Woman's Christian Temperance Union.
Presbyterian Hospital of tJie City of Chicago. Location, Congress street,
Hermitage avenue and Wood street. The Ogden avenue, Van Buren street,
Harrison and Washington and Harrison and Adams street cars pass within a
block of the hospital. While this institution is nominally Presbyterian,
nevertheless it is conducted for the purpose of " affording surgical and medical
aid and nursing to sick and desirable persons of every creed and nationality
and color; and provides them, while inmates of the Hospital, with the minis-
trations of the Gospel agreeably to the doctrine and forms of the Presbyterian
Church.'' The officers are: Mr. George M. Bogue, president; Mr. Wni. A.
Douglass, secretary; Mr. George W Hale, treasurer; H. B. Stehman, M. D.,
medical superintendent. The Hospital building proper is the largest and
most handsome private structure of its kind in the city. Exclusive of
employes, it has a capacity for 175 patients. The Maternity building contains
fifteen beds, and the Convalescent Home, twenty beds. All of these depart-
ENCYCLOPEDIA. 347
tnents are under one general management. During the past year nearly 2,000
patients have been treated, of which number more than forty per cent, were
treated free of charge; and as many more received care for less than the
actual cost of maintenance. There are at present sixty endowed beds, but
this does not represent nearly the amount of work done by this great charity.
Of the above number of beds, twenty-nine are permanently endowed; i. e.,
for each bed, the sum of $5,000 has been paid to the Hospital, which in turn
invests the same and can use only the interest thereof for the support of the
bed. For thirty-one of these beds $800 has been paid, which sum is expended
in caring for one bed for one year. The nursing of the Hospital is under the
management m and better facilities will be added during the coming year. The
interest on $5,000 endows a free bed, and contributions are welcomed from
all charitable people.
352 GUIDE TO CHICAGO.
Woman's Hospital. Located at Rhodes avenue and Thirty-second street,
South Side; take Cottage Grove avenue cable line ; chartered November 16,
1882. This corporation is a continuance of " The Woman's Hospital of the
State of Illinois," and is perpetual. Officers: Mrs. J. B. Lyon, president ;
Mrs. C. W. Greene, vice-president ; Mrs. A. J l . Vaughan, secretary; Mrs. V.
D. Perkins, treasurer. It is specially devoted to the treatment of the diseases
and accidents peculiar to women, irrespective of creed, color, or condition in
life; to the clinical instruction of students of medicine; to the practical train-
ing of nurses. The hospital does not treat all diseases; only those specially per-
taining to women. Patients are of two classes: First, house-patients, those
admitted within the Hospital, to reside until discharged; second, out-door
patients, those who apply to the outdoor department for treatment at stated
intervals. In connection with the hospital is a training school for nurses.
The object of this department is to give young women a careful training in
the nursing of women, particularly after surgical operations, in acute and
chronic diseases peculiar to women, and in obstetrical cases. The number of
patients treated annually is about 300 ; total receipts per year about $20,000,
disbursements about the same.
HOTELS.
There are at present between fourteen and fifteen hundred hotels in the
city of Chicago, including small and large, and houses of all grades, but
excluding lodging houses, boarding houses and distinctively family hotels,
where no transients are received. The united capacity of these hotels is esti-
mated as 175,000. It is believed that they could, if pressed, accommodate
100,000 additional guests. But this will not be necessary. Numerous immense
hotels are either projected or being constructed at the present time. The
spring of 1893 will find Chicago ready with ample hotel accommodations
for 500,000 guests. Neither the boarding houses, nor houses where furnished
rooms may be rented, nor lodging houses, are considered here. Outside of
the hptels there are eating houses or restaurants and cafes, with an esti-
mated feeding capacity at the present time of 25,000 persons daily. The
hotels of prominence in Chicago are as follows:
Atlantic Hotel. Located on the corner of Van Buren and Sherman sts.,
opposite the Van Buren St. depot, and in the Board of Trade center. A hotel
which, although not making any great pretentious as to style, has been pat-
ronized during the past twenty years by thousands of the better class of Wes-
tern merchants, commercial travelers and tourists. It is most conveniently
situated. The hotel lies in the outer edge of the great wholesale dry goods,
jobbing, hats and caps and boots and frbpes district and is within one-third of
a mile of the leather, iron, agricultural implement and woolen warehouse cen-
ters. Four blocks to the northeast lies the great retail and shopping district.
The Board of Trade building is directly opposite the Atlantic Hotel's door;
the postofflce is three blocks distant; five of the principal city banks are inside
the same area, and the more important office buildings are less than five blocks
away. Rates, $2.00 per day. Cummings Bros., proprietors.
THE ENCYCLOPEDIA. 353
Auditorium Hotel. Situated on Michigan avenue and Congress street;
occupies entire eastern half of the great Auditorium structure, "it is under
the management of the Auditorium Hotel Company, J. H. Bresliu, of New
York, president; R. H. Southgate, vice-president and manager. Take
Wabash avenue cable line to Congress street. The hotel is but a short walk
from the terminals of all the street car and railroad lines. The building
which it occupies is the grandest on the continent, and was prepared to meet
the requirements of a great high-class hotel without regard to labor or
expense. Every one of the 400 guest rooms is finely furnished, while many
are beautifully decorated. The furniture of this palatial hotel is in keeping
with the surroundings. The culinary department and dining room (175 feet
long) being located at the top of the structure, the hotel is entirely free from
all disagreeable odors. The view from the dining room during meals is
superb. [See "Auditorium Views."] On a clear day the shores of Wisconsin
and Michigan are distinctly seen. The banquet hall is without a peer on the
continent. The rotunda of the hotel is in itself worth a visit from strangers;
supported by massive marble columns and decorated in the highest style of
art, with Mosaic flooring, rich carvings and costly fittings, it is the grandest
hotel office in the world. The Auditorium Hotel is the most fashionable in
Chicago, and many of the most exclusive people in the city are its regular
guests. The cuisine is pronounced unsurpassable.
The banquet hall of the Auditorium hotel is probably the most magnifi-
cent in the world.
Briggs House. Located on Randolph st. and Fifth ave. , one of the oldest
and most popular of the great hotels of the city. Its location is most cen-
tral, being convenient to the wholesale as well as the retail districts of the
city, the Board of Trade quarter, etc. The hotel is a stately structure and is
admirably managed. Rates $2 and upward. Frank Upman, proprietor.
Burke's European Hotel. Located on the south side of Madison between
La Salle and Clark sts. , in the heart of the business center. This is a first-
class house in every particular and is conducted to meet the demands of the
traveling public. The great " Chicago Oyster House" restaurant is run in
connection with it. Room and board separate. Cl. Brinkman, proprietor.
Clifton House. Located on Monroe st. and Wabash ave., convenient to
the retail center, railroad depots, street car terminals, etc. A family and
commercial hotel combined. The hotel contains two hundred handsomely
furnished rooms. Rates $2.50 to $3 per day. Woodcock & Loring, proprie-
tors.
Commercial Hotel. Located on the cor. of Lake and Dearborn sis., a hotel
for the accommodation of country merchants and unpretentious visitors.
Well managed and respectable. Rates $2 per day and upward.
Continental Hotel. Located on Wabash ave. and Madison st., in the busi-
ness center. Very popular with country shoppers and merchant buyers.
Rates moderate. Mrs. Hannah Collins, proprietress.
Oault House. Located on West Madison and Clinton sts. The leading
hotel of the West Side. Very convenient to Union depot. This is one of the
oldest hotels in the city. It is managed admirably and is popular with trav-
elers and families. Rates $2 and upward. Rogers & Fall, proprietors.
Gore's Hotel. Located at 266-274 8. Clark st. Conducted on the Ameri-
can and European plans. A splendid building, handsomely furnished and
centrally located. Stands well. Gore & Heffr on, proprietors.
354 GUIDE TO CHICAGO.
Grand Pacific Hotel. Located on La Salle, Jackson and Clark sts. The
Jackson st. front almost faces the Board of Trade. The Clark st. front
faces the general postoffice. The La Salle st. front faces some of the immense
office buildings in the Board of Trade center. The main entrances are on
La Salle and Clark sts. The ladies' entrance is on Jackson st. This building
was scarcely completed in 1871 when the great fire swept it out of existence
in a single night, although its construction was almost wholly of iron, stone
and glass. It was immediately rebuilt and opened to guests in June, 1873.
Although acknowledged to be one of the fine&t hotels in the world when com-
pleted, it has undergone many improvements since then. The principal inter-
nal improvements consist of the introduction of a second passenger elevator,
of the Crane hydraulic pattern; the entirely new system of electric lighting,
operating thirty arc and nearly two thousand incandescent lamps; the thor-
ough remodeling and refitting of the public closets in marble, brass and
mahogany; the refitting of the exchange and bar; and the establishment of
the Grand Pacific cafe and lunch room. During 1890 an addition of 100
guest rooms was made, greatly increasing the capacity of the hotel, which
now contains over 900 rooms. Besides making the mentioned improvements
in the hotel, its proprietors have causel the guests' parlors and chambers to
be completely renovated, redecorated and refurnished, and the Grand Pacific
Hotel is in a better condition than ever to offer every luxury and comfort
that its guests may require. The following are the dimensions of the hotel
and some of its principal rooms: Grand dining hall rf 137x62 feet; ladies'
ordinary, 65x60 feet; ladies' parlors, 96x25 feet; grand corridor and prome-
nade, 127x30 feet; cafe and lunch room, 137x56 feet; rotunda and office,
178x157 feet; exchange and bar, 161x118 feet; halls (Jackson and Quincy
sts.), 315x12 feet; halls (Clark and La Salle sts.), 176x12 feet. The total
frontage of. the Grand Pacific is over one thousand feet, and the building
covers nearly an acre and a half of ground. The building contains 35,000
square feet of dimension stone, 30,000 square feet of rubble stone, 7,500,000
bricks, 8,500 yards of sand, 1,100 barrels of cement, 12,000 barrels of lime,
12,000 cubic feet f limestone, 40,000 cubic feet of sandstone, 596,000 square
feet of pine flooring, 52,000 square feet of walnut and maple flooring, 82,000
linear feet of door and window casings, 237,000 square feet of inside blinds
and shutters, 1,035 windows, 1,188 doors, 269 bath tubs and closets, 153,000
yards of plastering, 225,000 square feet of marble tile flooring, 7,500 square
feet of slate tile flooring, 485 marble mantles, 8,500 square feet of polished
plate glass. The gas fixtures include 37, 145 feetof gas-pipe, 532 chandeliers,
employing 1,714 burners, and 905 bracket lights, employing 1650 burners.
There are 31 electric arc lights and 850 incandescent lamps, 2,200 feet of
speaking tubes, 28 mouth-pieces 49 miles of wire, 615 fire-alarm bells and
9 annunciators, containing 559 indicators. There are sub-offices and separate
annunciators on every floor. There are 11,445 square feet of sidewalk, 1,821
square feet of area platforms and 1,215 linear feet of steps. The hotel con-
tains nearly 38,000 yards of carpet. In, round numbers, the cost of the build-
ing may be placed at $1,400,000; that of the furniture, $400,000, and the
value of the ground (lease-hold) $1,600,000. The Grand Pacific Hotel is con-
venient to every railroad office in the city, the majority of which are clus-
tered within a distance of a block; it is within five minutes' walk of every
principal bank, the insurance district, the great wholesale district, the retail
store section, and is no more than half a block from every large grain n^j
TfiE ENCYCLOPEDIA; 355
commission house in Chicago. It is near all the theatres and places of
amusement, and cars leading to the churches, parks and boulevards constantly
pass the door. Messrs. Drake, Parker & Co. are the proprietors and mana-
gers.
Hotel Brewort. Located on the north side of Madison, between La Salle
and Clark sts. This is one of the best-known hotels in the city. Recently
greatly enlarged. It is popular with travelers and merchant-buyers, being
situated close to the wholesale and retail districts. Exclusively European.
George N. Hubbard, proprietor.
Hotel Drexel. Located at 3956 Drexel blvd. (entrance to Washington
Park). A family hotel of high standing. Its situation is healthful and
beautiful.
Hotel Grace. Located on Clark and Jacksou sts., opposite the post-
office. Conducted on the European plan. A splendidly furnished, high-class
house. Edward Grace, proprietor.
Hotel Wellington. Located on Wabash avenue and Jackson street. This
hotel, although only known to the public for about one year is now recog-
nized as one of the ultra fashionable hotels of .,the city. The hotel is magnifi-
cently arranged, decorated and furnished in the highest style of art. It is
conducted on the European plan, for the very highest class of patrons, those
who are willing to pay for the best of everything. The cuisine is pro-
nounced unequaled in the country. Its location unsurpassed, situated at the
head of the Grand Boulevard System, still within four to six blocks of the
Postoffice, Board of Trade, wholesale and retail center, theaters, etc. The
building has 275 feet of south and west frontage, electric lights, steam heat
and every modern improvement throughout the house. The rates at this
hotel vary from $2.00 perday upward. Suites with baths from $3.50 upward.
On the parlor floor great attention is paid to fine private party and banquet
rooms. In fact every accomomdation for guests and every luxury that suggests
itself or could be suggested by an inquiry into the management of the best
hotels in the world, has been adopted here. The proprietors are the Gage
Hotel Company, with Albert S. Gage, as president and general manager.
Hotel Woodruff. Located on Wabash ave. and Twenty-first st. This is
a first-class and almost an exclusive family hotel. It is beautifully situated
aud well managed. The hotel has 100 rooms. Rates, $3 to $4 per day. J. W.
Boardman & Co., proprietors.
Hyde Park Hotel. Located at Lake ave. and Fifty-first st. An elegant
family hotel, convenient to the South parks. One of the largest hotels in the
city. C. F. Milligan & Co., proprietors.
Leland Hotel. Located on the corner of Michigan blvd. and Jackson
St., Lake front, facing the site of a portion of the World's Columbian Expo-
sition. For many years this was known as the Gardner House, but not until
its name and management were changed did it come to be reckoned among
the great hotels of the city. Its location is charming, on one of the finest
boulevards in the city, overlooking the majestic Lake Michigan and yet being
within easy access of the entire business section, the railroad depots, street
car terminals, retail stores, theatres, etc. Numerous improvements have been
made both in the interior and exterior of the building from year to year, and
they are still going on. An immense addition to the structure is among the
latest of these. The sanitary condition of the hotel has received the
350 GUIDE TO CHICAGO.
serious attention of the proprietor. The latest and best methods to
insure the escape of all gases and offensive odors have been adopted, and
the sewerage has been pronounced perfect. Recent alterations have made the
house more beautiful than ever. The renovating and painting have been
accomplished by experienced and competent artisans ; and the frescoing of all
the halls, parlors and public rooms has been by the hand or under the eye of
the famous Almini. The cuisine department has been supplied with new and
improved ranges and all the latest and best utensils to insure wholesome and
savory food of every kind. The dining room of the Leland is a large, well
lighted, handsome, airy room, finished in the latest style. In the hallway
leading to the dining room, between the hours of half past five and eight
o'clock, an orchestra of six pieces is stationed to render music during dinner
time. This is a feature that no other hotel in Chicago has for the enjoyment
of its guests. The advantages are at once perceived of a sojourn at a hotel
past which all the finest turnouts of a great city quietly but rapidly drive.
From the front of the Leland its inmates may, without the slightest inconven-
ience or undue curiosity, scan during every fine day the beauty and dress of
the elite of Chicago, as well as their attractive carriages and equipages. No
watering places on the continent offer so fine a point to study the exterior
characteristics of the distinguished leading citizens of a population of much
more than a million, as do the balconies and windows of the Lelaud Hotel.
No noisy procession, street cars, market wagon or peddler is allowed on this
boulevard. During the greater part of every fine day, beautiful carriagesare
moving continuously, but when the hours of rest approach, the avenue
becomes quiet, and so remains until the seekers of health, pleasure and
recreation turn out in their carriages on the morrow. The Leland has supe-
rior accommodations for families and gentlemen, with a table of peculiar
excellence. Warren F. Leland, proprietor.
Since the above was prepared the Leland Hotel property has been sold
for $1,025,000. A company headed by A. J. Cooper leased the land and
bought the building and furniture for $400, 0(0. The company, composed of
local capitalists is known as the Grand View Hotel Company. The purchas-
ers of the fee are Boston men. There will be expended $100,000 in improve-
ments by adding two stories, which will give an addition of 150 rooms. The
basement will be fitted up as a Russian and Turkish bath establishment.
McCoy's European Hotel. Located at the corner of Clark and Van Buren
sts. A first class hotel conducted on the European plan. William McCoy,
owner and manager.
Palmer House. Located on the southeast corner of State and Monroe sts. , in
the heart of the city, with a frontage on State St.. Monroe st. and Wabash ave.
Main entrance on State St.; ladies' entrance on Monroe st. The building occu-
pies about one-half of the entire block. Itcovers an area of 76,550 square feet; is
niue stories in height, has 708 rooms and accommodates usually from 1,000 to
2, 400 guests The grand rotunda of the hotel is 64 feet wide, 106 feet long and
36 feet in height. The dining room is one of the most elegant in Chicago. The
parlors and waiting rooms are superbly furnished. The entire furnishings
and fittings of the house are of the first order. The Palmer House is itself
one of the most imposing and beautiful structures in the city. It is a popular
hotel for commercial people, and its rotunda most of the time day and night
is a sort of a rendezvous for the merchants of Chicago or their representatives
and visiting buyers. The Palmer House is conducted on the European plan.
[Engraved for The Standard Guide Company."]
ADMINISTRATION BUILDING, WORLD'S COLUMBIAN EXPOSITION.
[Specimen Engraving from Flinn's " Hand-Book of The World's Columbian Exposition."]
THE ENCYCLOPEDIA. 357
The charges are regulated entirely by the accommodations required. Mr.
Putter Palmer is the sole proprietor and manager. This magnificent hotel
was destroyed by fire before being completed in 1871. Hardly had the debris
cooled off, however, ere Mr. Palmer began the work of excavation for the
new structure. A great part of the time during the rebuilding operation
workmen were employed day and night, immense calcium lights being used
after the sun went down. The new Palmer House was opened in the year
1873.
Richelieu Hotel. Located on Michigan avenue boulevard between Jackson
and Van Buren streets. A hotel conducted upon the European plan, and is
strictly first-class in every respect; has a large 'patronage from European
travelers. It is elegantly furnished and has more the appearance of an elegant
home than an hotel. Its cuisine is the first and only example of high-class
French cooking in a Chicago hotel. It has a world-wide reputation for having
the largest and finest assortment of choice .wines ever owned by any similar
establishment in this country.
Saratoga Hotel. Located at 155, 157, 159 and 161 Dearborn St., in theheart
of the business section. This hotel is conducted on the " European plan," that
is, guests pay only for rooms they occupy and such meals as they may require,
or may take their meals else where. Rates 75 cents per day and upward. The
house has 200 rooms, newly furnished, with hot and cold running water and
steam heat in every room furnished free. Rooms with baths and parlors
attached on every floor. Office on ground floor, with elevator.electric lights and
all modern improvements. The Saratoga Restaurant is run in connection with
the hotel and under the same management. The restaurant has been thor-
oughly renovated and furnished new throughout, and is conducted in first-
class manner at popular prices.
Sherman House. Located at the northwest corner of Clark and Randolph
sts., opposite the north entrance to the Court House. This is a landmark and
one of the historic structures of the city, marking as it does a site which hae
been familiar to Chicagoans from the earliest settlement of the place. One
of the firgt mayors of the city had his blacksmith shop here, and the origi-
nal Sherman House was erected on the spot by Francis C. Sherman, who after-
ward became twice mayor of the city. This was an humble building. Mr.
Sherman very considerably enlarged, remodeled and improved it in 1861, and
up to the time of the great fire of 1871 it was the most pretentious hotel in
the city. It fell before the enemy on the night of October 8, 1871, but was
soon rebuilt as it stands to-day. The hotel takes its name from Mayor Sher-
man and not from the famous Union general, as many in these days suppose.
The present proprietor, Mr. J. Irving Pearce, upon taking the house, refur-
nished it throughout. " Long" John Wentworth made it his home during
the latter portion of his life, and his massive form was a familiar figure in
the rotunda and corridors of the building. The public rooms and bedrooms
of the structure have been completely remodeled during the past three years,
making the house one of the most modern and elaborate in the country. It
is a first-class hotel, strictly fire-proof, well managed, and conducted with the
view of making its guests comfortable at any expense. The bed rooms are
the largest and best furnished in the world, and the table is acknowledged
superior to any other.
358 GUIDE TO CHICAGO.
Southern Hotel. Located on Wabashave. and Twenty-second st. A first-
class family hotel, well furnished and equipped. E. A. Bacheldor, proprie-
tor.
Tremont House. This is one of the first hotels rebuilt after the '71 fire,
and is considered one of the very best. The location, on the corner of Dear-
born and Lake, only three blocks from Illinois Central, Michigan Central,
Vandalia, Burlington & Quincy depots. The hotel contains 250 rooms ; 100
of them are furnished with porcelain bath tubs and sanitary water closets.
The rooms are all handsomely furnished, and every modern convenience and
every luxury known to hotel management has been introduced. Proprietors,
Alvin Hulbert & W. S. Eden.
Victoria Hotel. Location, Michigan avenue and Van Buren street, over-
looking the beautiful lake front. A first-class hotel, thoroughly equipped
with all modern improvements. Two hundred and sixty guest chambers.
J. M. Lee, proprietor; E. A. Whipple, associate manager.
Virginia Hotel. Located at 78 Rush St., North Side. One of the largest
and most beautiful private and family hotels in the world. The building is
a splendid specimen of modern hotel architecture. This is a high-class house
in every sense.
Other Hotels. Other hotels from which the visitor may make a selection
are as follows. The locations given will be the best guide in many respects
for the stranger. Those in or near the center of the city are most convenient;
those situated farther out are generally more pleasant for persons seeking
quiet. ADAMS HOCSE, 4703 State; ALBEMARLE HOUSE, 262 to 266 State;
ALLEN HOUSE. 4137 H -listed, Union Stock Yards; ALMA EUROPEAN HOTEL,
109 State; ALVORD HOUSE, Oakwood blvd., nw. cor. Cottage Grove;
AMERICAN HOTEL, 120 Kinzie; AMERICAN HOUSE, M. C. Coulon, prop.,
113 S. Canal; ANNA HOUSE. Delmon W. Norton, prop., 102-104 N.
Clark; ARCADE HOTEL, 164 Clark; ARLINGTON HOUSE, 34-36 W. Madison;
AUSTRIAN HOUSE, Mrs. Julia Jackson, prop., 117 Franklin; BALDWIN EURO-
PEAN HOTEL, 74 Van Buren; BARNES HOUSE, B. L. Newman, prop., 36 W.
Randolph; BARTL HOTEL, John Bartl, prop., 355 State; BELVIDERE HOUSE,
Henry Walt, prop., 47 State; BENNETT HOUSE, Mrs. E. S. Bennett, prop., 73
Monroe; BOULEVARD HOUSE, Mrs. Sarah Ehlem, prop., 328 Washington blvd.;
BOYLE'S HOTEL, Mrs. Bella Boyle, prop., State, nw. cor. Forty-fifth;
BRIGHTON HOUSE, Sidney W. Yetter, prop., S. Western ave., se. cor. Archer
ave.; BKOWN'M HOTEL, Thomas S. Brown, prop., 68 Van Buren, BURLINGTON
HOUSE, Levi Pritchard, prop., 680 S. Canal; BURTON HOUSE, 4119 Halsted;
BUTCHER'S HOTEL, Archibald Murphy, prop., Looinh, sw. cor. Forty-fifth;
CALUMET HOUSE. Joseph Brown, prop., 9001 Ontario ave. (S. C.); CARELTON
HOUSE, Mrs. M. Harrison, prop., 78 Adams; CENTRAL EUROPEAN HOTEL,
Jacob Pirrung, prop., 13 S. Water; CENTRAL HOTEL, Geo. A. Neeb, prop.,
S. Chicago ave., nw. cor. Seventy fifth. (H. P.); CENTRAL HOUSE, Theo. and
Ruth R. Nelson, props., 250-258 State; CHICAGO EUROPEAN HOTEL, 156 Clark;
CHOATE HOUSE, W. H. J. Dougherty, prop., 268 State, CITY HOTEL, W. F.
Orcutt, prop., State, se. cor. Sixteenth; CLARENDON HOUSE, E. Philbrick &
Son, prop., 152 N. Clark; COLORADO HOUSE, 123 S. Canal; COLUMBADE HOTEL,
256 Michigan ave.; COLUMBIA HOTEL, J. D. Palmer, prop., State, nw. cor.
Thirty-first. ; COMMERCIAL HOTEL, 243 Sixty-third (L ); COMMERCIAL HOTEL,
A. Burkli;prop., 9440 Commercial ave. (S. C.); CONROY'S HOTEL, 407 State;
THE ENCYCLOPEDIA. 359
I
CONTINENTAL, HOTEL, Mrs. Hannab Collins, prop., Wabashave., se. cor. Madi-
son; COSMOPOLITAN EUROPEAN HOTEL, B. L. Newman, prop., 307 Clark;
COURT HOTEL, 487 State st. ; CRESCENT HOTEL, E. Fuller, proprietor, 347
Fifth ave.; CULLEN HOUSE, 191 W. Madison st.; DAMON HOTEL, 51 Clark
st.; DANNEVIRKE HOTEL, 219 Milwaukee ave.; DAVENPORT HOUSE, A. P.
Russell, proprietor, 180 N. Clark st.; DAVIES HOUSE, Robert C. Davies, pro-
prietor, e. of Torrence ave., 5th w. of 106th st. (Cummings); DEBUS HOUSE,
Moses Masser, proprietor, 341 Clark st.; DELMONICO HOTEL, 9347 Commer-
cial ave. ; DEMING EUROPEAN HOTEL, F. A. Smith, proprietor, 136 to 138
Madison st. ; DEPOT HOUSE, 119 S. Canal st. ; DORLEY, THOMAS J., 45 Michi-
gan ave.; DOUGLAS HOUSE, Thomas Dickenson & Son, proprietors, 3500 Cot-
tage Grove ave.; DOWLING HOUSE, 137 S. Canal st. ; EMPIRE HOUSE, 4141 S.
Halstedst.; ENGLEWOOD HOUSE, 315 Sixty-third st. (Englewood); EUREKA
HOUSE, 75 Jackson st. ; EWING HOUSE, Ewing ave., corner 100th st. (South
Chicago); EXCHANGE HOTEL, Mrs. Harriet Butler, proprietor, 7325 South
Chicago ave. (S. C.); EXETER HOUSE, J. H. Hicks, proprietor, 146 Madison
st.; FARWELL HOUSE, Thomas Dakin, proprietor, S. Halsted, near cor.
Jackson st.; FLINT'S EUROPEAN HOTEL, 80 Van Buren st.; GAINES HOUSE,
Thomas Gaines, proprietor, 180 N. Clark st. ; GARDEN CITY HOTEL, 46 to 48
Sherman st. ; GARDEN CITY HOUSE, A. Stierlin, proprietor, 101 to 105 N.
Weils st. ; GARDEN HOTEL, Marion Radetzky, proprietor, 312 State st.; GER-
MANIA- HOUSE, August Mascher, proprietor, 180 to 182 Randolph st. ; GILE,
JOHN F., 995 W. Madison st.; GLADSTONE HOTEL, 3035 Michigan ave.;
GOLDEN STAR HOUSE, Charles Wegman, proprietor, 203 Plymouth place;
GOLDSTON'S HOTEL, S. Goldston, proprietor, 286 Wabash ave.; GRAND
HOTEL, Peter Portlend, proprietor, 127 N. Clark st.; GRAND HOTEL, Richard
Jaap, proprietor, 230 State st.; GRAND PALACE HOTEL, C. T. Newberry, pro-
prietor, 103 N. Clark st. ; GREENWOOD AVENUE HOTEL, Greenwood are., S.
Seventy-sixth st. (H. P.); HAGEMANN'S HOTEL, Mrs. Louise Hagemann, pro-
prietor, 147 Randolph st.; HAMBURG HOUSE, 86 Sherman st.; HAMBURG
HOUSE, M. Marks, proprietor, 186 Randolph st. ; HARRISON HOTEL. Thomas
Kearney, proprietor, 128 Harrison st.; HAYMARKET HOTEL, J. M. Getman,
proprietor, 157 W. Madisou st.; HOFFMAN HOUSE, 170 Clark st.; HOTEL
ALGER, Fifty-first st., e. of Trumbull ave. ; HOTEL BOYD, 2010 to 2012 Wabash
ave. ; HOTEL BRISTOL, S. S. Buckley, proprietor, 214 Thirty-first st. ; HOTEL
BRUNSWICK, H. C. Knill, proprietor, Michigan ave., n. w. cor. Adams;
HOTEL COLUMBIA, 15 N. State st. ; HOTEL CORTLAND, R. Evans, proprietor,
16-22 Adams st. ; HOTEL CRYSTAL, James Hayward, proprietor, 34 Washing-
ton st.; HOTJIL DANMARK, 126 Kinzie st.; HOTEL DAYTON, Theodore Nelson,
proprietor, 74 N. Clark st. ; HOTEL DEARBORN, Joseph Pratt, proprietor, 398-
404 State st.; HOTEL DELAVAN, Mike Teller, proprietor, 143 N.Clark st.;
HOTEL DIXON, Malissa Randolph, proprietor, 310 State St.; HOTEL EDWARDS,
Charles E. Edwards, proprietor, 1 334 Washington blvd.; HOTEL FARGO,
Marion Radetzky, proprietor, 248 State St.; HOTEL FLORENCE, lllth st., cor.
Wall ave.; HOTEL GLENARM, 167 Madison st.; HOTEL HARVARD, 100 W.
Madison St.; HOTEL HENRICI, Loewenthal & Buxbaum, proprietors, 70-72
Randolph st.; HOTEL IRVINE, Mrs. R. E. Irvine, proprietor, 71 Van Buren
st.; HOTEL KIRKWOOD, 69 Randolph st.; HOTEL LAFAYETTE, E. S. Pinney,
proprietor, 111 W. Madison st. ; HOTEL LANGHAM, Cleveland & Co., proprie-
tor, 1840 Wabash ave. ; HOTEL LE GRAND, Ferdinand Wistawil, proprietor,
39-45 N. Wells St.; HOTEL LINCOLN, Richard Stafford, proprietor, 70 Jack-
son st.; HOTEL MECHANICS HALL, The Strand, s. of 133d st. (Heg.); HOTEL
360 GUIDE TO CHICAGO.
MIDLAND, F. H. Thompson, proprietor, 135 Adams St.; HOTEL MILAN, Peter
M. Lauphier, proprietor, 153 S. Halsted St.; HOTEL NICOLLET, Henry B.
Upman, proprietor, se. cor. Randolph st. and Fifth ave.; HOTEL OBIENT,
693 S. Halsted st. ; HOTEL RICHLAND, 168 Clark st. ; HOTEL RICHMOND, B. F.
Bruce, Jr., proprietor, State st., nw. cor. Van Buren st.; HOTEL ROYAL, 1714
Indiana ave. ; HOTEL ST. BENEDICT, Chicago ave.,nw. cor. Cass st.; HOTEL
SVEA, 131 Chicago ave.; HOTEL VENDOME, Fleming J. Hiding, proprietor,
North Park ave., nw. cor. Centre ave.; HOTEL WISCONSIN, 22 Wisconson st. ;
HOTEL WORTH, Will H. Worth, proprietor, 435 Washington blvd.; HUM-
BOLDT PARK HOUSE, W. North ave., se. cor. N. California ave.: INTERNA-
TIONAL HOTEL, 167 Harrison st.; JEFFERSON'S EUROPEAN HOTEL, 145 S.
Canal st. ; JULIAN HOTEL, cor. Sixty-third st. and Stewart ave.; KELLER
HOUSE, Mrs. Rosa Keller, proprietor, 125 W. Madison st.; KEMP HOUSF. W.
Kemp, proprietor, Seventy-sixth St., e. of Woodlawn ave. (H. P.); KUHN'S
HOTEL, 165 Clark st.; LAKESIDE HOTEL, 3619 Lake ave.; LA PIERRE HOUSE,
J. H. Jett, proprietor, 181 Washington blvd. ; LA SALLE HOUSE, Mrs. Frank
Leland, proprietor, 47 La Salle; LOGAN SQUARE HOTEL, William F. Gaines,
proprietor, 480 N. Kedzie ave. ; MACKINAC HOUSE, Mackinac Hotel Company,
proprietor, 326-332 State; MASSASOIT HOUSE, Conrad F. Pirring, proprietor,
Central ave., sw. cor. S. Water; MATHER HOUSE, Mrs. M. A. Simpson, pro-
prietor, 362^ Wabash ave.; MAT'S EUROPEAN HOTEL, A. May, pro-
prietor, 421 Clark; McEwAN's TEMPERANCE EUROPEAN HOTEL,- Peter
McEwan, proprietor, 91 W. Madison; MERCHANTS' EXCHANGE HOTEL,
Philip Dieter, proprietor, 12 S. Water; METROPOLITAN HOTEL, Stern-
berg & Co., 26 N. Wells; MYERS HOUSE, Joseph Freund, proprietor,
14-16 Bishop ct.; MICHIGAN HOTEL, Wni. E. .Burns, proprietor, 346
State; MINNESOTA HOUSE, 97 S. Canal st. ; MUSKEGON HOUSE, Jacob
Grabenstein, proprietor, 21 Michigan ave.; NATIONAL HOTEL, D. A.
Dooley, proprietor, 230 State st. ; NEW ENGLAND HOTEL, 129 S.
Canal; NORTH CITY HOTEL, 89 N. Wells; NORTHERN PACIFIC HOTEL,
62 Sherman; NORWOOD HOUSE, 91 S. Desplaines; OAKLAND HOTEL. Haw-
kins & Sanford, proprietors, Drexel blvd., se. cor. Oakwood; OGDEIT
HOUSB, John Henderson, proprietor. 100 Franklin st. ; OLD METROPOLITAN
HOTEL, Nicholas Yack, proprietor, 192-196 Randolph; OXFORD, THE, Mat-
thew J. Henderson, proprietor, 159 S. Canal; PANORAMA HOTEL, Victor
Johnson, proprietor, 49 Hubbard ct. ; PARK HOTEL, W. W. Townsend, proprie-
tor, Milwaukee ave., Jefferson Park; PARK VIEW HOUSE, Charles H. West,
proprietor, 310 Michigan ave. ; PAXTON HOUSE, Geo. H. Richardson, proprie-
tor, 2458 State; PEOPLE'S HOTEL, Malissa Randolph, proprietor, 368-370
State; PHOENIX Hotel, Gust. Burdick, proprietor, 77 S. Canal; PUTNAM'S
HOTEL, 163 Adams; RANDOLPH EUROPEAN HOTEL, Mrs. M. Duffy, proprietor,
102 Randolph; RAUSLEY HOUSE, Joseph Rausley, proprietor, 499 State;
REAPER HOUSE, Liberal Darner, proprietor, 1185 Blue Island ave.; RIVER-
DALE HOTEL, Charles Michaels, proprietor, Indiana ave.,s. of 134th st., River-
dale; ROCK ISLAND HOUSE, 50 Sherman; RODGERS HOTEL, T. J. Rodgers,
proprietor, 4^09-4211 W. Lake; ROSE HOTEL, 365 Wabash ave.; ROYAL
.tiuROP ICAN HOTEL, Mrs. Jessie Brown, proprietor, 37 Adams; ROY'S HOUSE,
John H.McCormick, proprietor, S. Chicago ave.. s. 133d, Hed.; SCANDI-
NAVIAN HOTHT^ 87 Towusend; SCIIAEKER'S HOTEL, August Schaefer, pio-
frietor, f6- e -967 N. Clark; SHARPSHOOTKR'S PARK HOTEL, Henry Neben,
1 ropnetor Jeffeisoii, near 118th; JSnt-LBURNE HOTEL, Mrs. Mary Benson, pro-
THE ENCYCLOPEDIA. 361
prietor, 306 Chicago ave. ; SOUTH CHICAGO HOTEL, Joha L. Craw.'ord, pro
prietor, Ninety-second, near Commercial av. ; SOUTH SIDE MADISONHOUSE, 164
Madison; STAFFORD'S EUROPEAN .HOTEL, 131 Van Buren; ST. BERNARD
HOTEL, 10 Madison; ST. CAROLINE'S COURT HOTEL, 18 Elizabeth; ST.
CHARLES, 15 Clark; ST. CLOUD HOUSE', 201 W. Randolph; ST. JAMES
HOTEL, Charles Wittingham, proprietor, 36 S. Halsted; ST. NICHOLAS
HOTEL, Orsemus Van Der Vort, proprietor, 200 Washington; SUNNYSIDE
HOTEL, Daniel Browning, proprietor, Clark, se. cor. Sunnyside ave.; SVEA
HOTEL, O. H. Ahlgren, proprietor, 11 Milton ave.; TRANSIT HOUSE, L.
Everett Howard, manager Union Stock Yards; UNION EXCHANGE HOTEL,
115 S. Canal St.; UNION PARK HOTEL, Mrs. A. M. Carey, proprietor, 521 W.
Madison; VAN NESS HOUSE, 224 Clark; WALHALLA HOTEL, A. Doemling,
proprietor, 115th, cor. Mountain; WALTERS' HOTEL, John Walters, proprie-
tor, Anthony ave., cor Ninty-fourth (S. C.); WASHINGTON HOTEL, 17 W.
Madison; WAUKEGAN HOUSE, 183 W. Lake; WAVERLY HOTEL, John
Laurie, proprietor, 130 Lake; WAVERLY HOUSE, 63 W. Lake; WAYNE
HOTEL, 97 Michigan; WELLS ST. HOUSE, Mrs. Louisa Weser, proprietor, 95
N. Wells; WEST END HOTEL, A. F. Doremus, proprietor, 503 W. Madison;
WEST SIDE COMMERCIAL HOTEL, 116 W. Madison; WESTMINSTER HOTEL,
Cole & Horaan, proprietors, 462 N. "Clark; WHEELING HOUSE, Joseph Teu-
fel, proprietor, 82-84 W. Lake; WINDSOR EUROPEAN HOTEL, Samuel Greg-
steu, proprietor, 145-153 Dearborn; WITBECK HOTEL, Mrs. Geo. Witbeck, pro-
prietor, 74 Adams; WYNDHAM HOTEL, 2934 Prairie ave.
INEBRIATE ASYLUMS.
The institutions of the city which receive and treat patients suffering
from alcoholism are: Alexian Brothers' Hospital, 539-569 N. Market st. (take
N. Market st. car); Dr. Chas. W. Earle's private sanitarium, 533 Washington
blvd. (take Madison st. cable line); Martha Washington Home (for female
exclusively), Graceland and Western aves. , Cuyler station, near Ravenswood
(take train at Wells st. depot, Wells and Kinzie sts.); Mercy Hospital, con-
ducted by the Sisters of Mercy, Calumet ave. and Twenty-sixth st. (take Cot-
tage Grove ave. cable line); St. Joseph's Hospital, conducted by the Sisters
of Charity, Garfield ave. and Burling st., nearN. Halsted st. (take Garneld
ave. or N. Halsted st. car), and the Washingtonian Home, W. Madison st.
and Ogden ave. (take Madison st. cable line). Of these institutions, hospital
treatment only is afforded by all excepting the Martha Washington and
Washingtonian Homes. The latter are reformatory institutions, and, when
their rules are strictly enforced, do not accept patients merely for physical
treatment. [See also " Keeley Institute, The," separate department of this
volume.
Martha Washington Home. Established by the Washin-touian Home
Association in 1881, as an auxiliary of the Washingtoniau Home where
females addicted to alcoholism might receive and be benefited by the same
treatment as that which males were receiving in the parent institution. The
home is located in the country, about one mile west of Cuyler station on
the Chicago & North-Western railroad, or, properly speaking, on the corner
of Graceland and Western aves. This institution is in charge of Mary F
Felt, matron, under direction of a committee of admission and discharge,
3CJi GUIDE TO CHICAGO.
consisting of three members of the executive committee of the Washing-
Ionian Home Association. The ladies'.commiltee is composed of Mrs Geu.
Sherwood, Mrs. B. A. Miller, Mrs. Thomas Moulding, Mrs. Dr. C. W.Earle.
Mrs. Dr. H. M. Lyman and Mrs. James Frake. All applications for admis-
sion must be made to the committee of admission, excepting under certain
circumstances, when the matron may admit applicants pending a meeting of
the committee. Persons having a permanent home" within Cook county,
whose circumstances render it imperatively necessary, are admitted free, at
the discretion of the committee on admission; but all other persons are
charged for their board and rooms at such rate per week as may be determined
from time to time hy the executive committee. Persons able to pay are not
admitted for a less sum than $10 per week. No person is admitted for a less
period than four weeks. All persons, on becoming inmates, bind themselves
to observe and obey the rules and regulations governing the internal affairs
of the institution and perform any manual labor assigned them. Any delib-
erate violation of them will be considered good cause for discharge.
Applications for admission can be addressed to the matron, Ravenswood,
fcCook county, Illinois, or to any member of the committee on admission,
Chicago. If application is made by letter, full statement should be given
of the case, the state of general health and the duration of the habit.
The inmates of the Home January 1, 1891, numbered 17; there were admitted
during 1891 102 inmates; discharged during the year, 110, leaving 9 in the
Home on January 1, 1892. The treatment received at the Home is excellent,
both as regards its medical and moral aspects, and the committee in charge
claims that a very large percentage of those who pass through the institution
are permanently reformed.
Keeley Institute, The. See " Keeley Institute. The," separate department
of this volume.
Washingtonian Home. Located at the corner of Madison st. and Ogden
ave., West Side. Superintendent, Daniel Wilkins, A. M.; matron, Mrs.
Daniel Wilkins; physician in charge, Addison H. Foster, M. D ; resi-
dent physician, Dr. Forest Smith; consulting physician, Dr. Norman
Bridge; consulting surgeon, Dr. D. W. Graham; consulting physician
for the insane, Dr. D. R. Brower; consulting aurist and occulist, Dr.
W. T. Montgomery; physician Martha Washington Home, Dr. W. Good-
smith. Conducted by The Washingtonian Home Association. Officers:
President, C. H. Case; vice-president, James Frake; secretarj^.H. H. Aldrich;
assistant secretary, L. P. Richardson; treasurer, George Sherwood. The
Washingtonian Home was established in 1863, through the instrumentality of
a few gentlemen, notably Rolla A. Law and A. A. Cowdery, members of the
order of Good Templars.
Superintendent Wilkins has been in charge of the reformatory work of
the Home since 1875. In his last report to the board of managers he said,
among other things:
"During the twenty-seven years since October. 1868. 13.C09 patients have been
treated in the \Vashintrtonian Home. Seven thousand of them were married and rep-
resented as many homes, and admitting: that each family numb.-red four besides the
father, here are 28,000 mothers and children made happy and cared for, for a longer
or shoner period. During these years from one to six wive^, separated from their
husban Is, have been re-united ; and assuming an average of two a week 2,Tt'0 families
have been re-construrted,and the wives and children cheered with a happy home, and
THE ENCYCLOPEDIA. 363
very many of them made happy for life and the rest for a longer or shorter time. Six
tlious mil sinvfie men have been returned to their homes also to console the hearts of
msjth -re, sisters, fathers, brothers and friends. Who can tell the vast numbers that,
through (lie examples and efforts of our graduates, have been and willbe won into the
ranks of total abstainers nnd become a blessing to the world ? In view of these facts
an i results, has >he Washingtonian Home paid? Where on the pages of history can
y hospital seventy-two hours; to the
building two weeks, and is expected to board in the institution two weeks
longer, making his stay four weeks in all. The Home is a strictly non-sec-
tarian institution and no religious or political discussion among the inmates
is permitted. The hour of rising is 5:30 A. M. , during all tl e year around
excepting Sundays, a half hour later; hour of retiring, 10 r. M. ; morning
prayers in the chapel 6 A. M. , during all the year around, excepting Sundays,
a half-hour later; experience meetings Sunday evenings; visiting days Tues-
days and Fridays. A course of lectures is delivered by Prof. Wilkins to the
inmates on the effects of alcohol on the moral and physical man. The sub-
stance of these lectures is continued in a work by Mr. Wilkins, entitled " The
Curse of the World," a volume which should be placed in tbe hands of every
young man. The average number of inmates in the Home at present is
about, ninety. The total receipts of the Wasliingtonian Home Association
for 1890 were $48 140.87, disbursements, $50,830.93. Balance in the treasury
January 1, 1891, $6,138.78. There was due from the city, however, about
$15,000 from license income.
KEELEY INSTITUTE, THE.
Probably no discovery in medicine has been productive of so much intel-
ligent discussion or so much widespread interest during recent years as that
made by Leslie E. Keeley, M. D., and it is certain that the workings of no
364 GI?IDE TO CHICAGO.
medical institution In the world have been observed with closer attention
among all classes of people during the past three years, than that which is
known as The Keeley Institute, of Dwight, 111. This stands alone, among
the institutions of Illinois. It is something so original, so novel, so unique, that
the compiler has found it impossible to place it under any established classi-
fication. It must be treated in relief. It is not a hospital. It is not an asylum.
It is not a sanitarium. It is not a reformatory. It is all of these in one, and
yet it differs from them in so many essential points that it must not be con-
sidered as of their class, nor in connection with them. The matter which
follows is arranged so as to afford the stranger all the information required,
in the most convenient form possible. The various headings are arranged in
alphabetical order, nnd not according to the importance of the subjects, in
conformity with the rule which governs the treatment of all subjects in this
work.
Associated Keeley Bi-Chloride of Gold Club. At the convention called by
the Directory of the Bi-Chloride of Gold Club of the world, which met in
Dwight on the 15th and 16th of February, 1892, the name of the general
organization was changed to the Associated Keeley Bi Chloride of Gold
Club, and the requisites for membership were fixed as follows: No person
shall be eligible to membership in this association who has not taken the
Keeley double chloride of gold treatment for alcoholic, narcotic or nervous dis-
eases; and no man shall be admitted to membership who is in any way con-
nected with the sale or manufacture of alcoholic stimulants as a beverage, or
who has lapsed after his treatment, or who has contracted one habit after
having been cured of another.
The following officers were elected to serve for 1893-93. President, S. E.
Moore, Pittsburg; vice-presidents, W. S. Arnold, Washington, and Frank 1'.
Clark, Kansas City; secretary and treasurer, the Hon. J. D. Kehoe, Ken-
tucky. Directors. W. M. Burris, Liberty, Mo.* John J. Flinn, Chicago;
the Hon. Waller Young, St. Joseph, Mo.; D. V. Youngblood, CarbondaK
111.; D. G. Woolen, Dallas, Tex.; J. M. Kelly, Pittsburg; A. R. Calhoun,
New York; S. A. McLean, Michigan; James A. Merritt, Minnesota; W. G.
Richardson, Kansas; Ed. F. Mullen, California.
Advisory Committees were appointed by the Executive Committee
for each State (see Bi-Chloride of Gold Club of the world under headings
" Clubs.gentlemen's and social") Leslie E. Keeley, LL. D., M.D., was elected
honorary president.
Bi-CUoi'ide of Gold Clitb.The Bi-Chloride of Gold Club of Dwight, it
is unnecessary to say, is the parent Bi-Chloride of Gol'd Club of the world.
At the present writing it has a membership of about 4,000. [See Bi-Chloride
of Gold Club of Dwight, and Bi-Chloride of Gold Club of the World, under
"Clubs."]
Character of the Patients. There may be found undergoing treatment
at Dwight, representatives of every class of society except that known as "the
bum element." If a man is a "bum" when he reaches Dwight, and is iiot so
naturally, the odor of the pot-house and the barrel-house very speedily leaves
him, aiid he finds that unless he quickly changes his. mianners his asso-
2
H r-
w w
2 5
o S
?3 5
' O
THE ENCYCLOPEDIA. 365
ciates will prove neither social nor tolerant. If he is a " bum " naturally the
chances are that he will not stay his full time out. There is another class
equally obnoxious and its representatives are received with even less con-
sideration. This is the "snob element." The man who comes to Dwight
with the idea that he will find there no person who by any possibility can be
considered as good as he is, is very quickly disenchanted with himself. At
first he holds himself aloof from the rest save when it is necessary for him to
get into line for treatment. By degrees he discovers that the men in front of
him and the men behind him occupy positions in the world far superior to
that held by him. His snobbishness, if he be not naturally a snob, soon disap-
pears. If he be a snob naturally he is not likely to stay his full time out either.
There may be found in the lines at Dwight representatives of every rank in
life. Professional men are there in large numbers. Physicians, lawyers,
ministers of the Gospel, authors, journalists, poets, wits, judges from the
bench, members of Congress, members of the various State Legislatures, civil
engineers, architects, and men of this character are scattered plentifully
through the lines, as well as bankers, merchants, contractors, railroad offi-
cials, board of trade brokers, first-class artisans and mechanics and men of
that character. It is impossible for the newcomer to form any idea of the
class of men he is brought into contact with. By slow degrees he becomes
acquainted and finds to his surprise that he has been walking shoulder to
shoulder, perhaps, with men whosenames are familiar to the American public
and who occupy high places in the esteem of their fellow-citizens.
Daily Life at Dwight. It is a quiet life at Dwight, but not a dull one.
There is no chance for dullness and stagnation where so many newspaper
men, politicians, lawyers, war veterans, and city men of affairs are gathered.
People find out each other here, and when a man is found out he is expected
to turn in and do his best for the general amusement or the public good.
Nearly every candidate for the bichloride of gold course goes to Dwight with
the desire and intention of keeping his visit a secret, and many make elabo-
rate preparations at home for carrying out the fiction of a visit to the Springs
or a trip to the seaside. But it amounts to nothing. They meet old acquaint-
ances who have come on the same errand; they are recognized by friends on
passing trains, or gossipy people who are writing home send lists of distin-
guished inebriates who are their companions. The secret always comes out.
But the strange part of the story is that after the first week no one want to
hide the fact that he has passed through Dr. Keeley's hands. He is proud of
it, and he exults in the idea that he will be able to tell his friends that the
chains have fallen from his wrists and that he is free. " I am going home
next week," said a happy patient, " to let my wife get acquainted with me.
We have been married twelve years and she has never known her hus-
band!'' Such sunshine as this has fallen upon thousands of households
that once were desolate, but now are filled with happiness. This will
explain why so many who came with reluctance and with doubt are glad to
hear from the doctor's lips that they must stay another week, and even then
leave Dwiglit with reluctance. This is why strong men break down in tears
when they come to say good-by. They have formed acquaintanceships which
are different from any they made before and which are the blossom and fruit
of a common knowledge of sorrow find a common bitter experience.
The friendships made in Dwight ?re unlike any that come up in the ordinary
business of life, and will be apt to outlast most others- The badge of the
366 GUIDE TO CHICAGO.
Bi-Chloride of Gold club is likely also to be the longest worn of any such
ornaments. All the members have promised to wear it at all times, not only
as a shield and reminder, but also as a pleasant memorial of their days at
Dwight and the friends they made there. As the day of their departure
draws near patients who wonder why they were side-tracked at an unknown
village see the wisdom of the plan that brought them to Dwight. In a large
city or at a watering place the work they have been doing for themselves
would have been doubled by the temptations and distractions that presented
themselves. In the little village, whose peaceful homes are shaded by the
cottonwood and maple, and whose every open door welcomes the stranger,
the work of rest, peace, and regular habits proceeds apace. To the jaded
brain the song of the thrush and the call of the robin come with new mean-
ing as the man finds the years that were once worse than wasted dropping
from him, and that the vigor of early manhood, with its hopes and ambitions,
is returning. This is the work of restoration and reconstruction that is
claimed for Dr. Keeley and Dwight, and to which 5,000 saved men stand
ready to bear witness. The work and the place are adapted to each other
perfectly. The great and good physician who has given the best years of
his life to the rescue of the drunkard comes before the world fitly framed in
by the pretty little village of Dwight, where his work began, and from which
he has sent out a perpetual stream of sunshine on innumerable homes. There,
where men who had lost all hope heard from his lips the first promise of a
cure, and there they will look back to see him always, as they last saw him,
with a smile of trust upon his lips. And the last thing they forget in life
will be Dr. Keeley and the work he did for them at Dwight.
Departures and Arrivals. Train time is always looked forward to at
Dwight, sometimes with pleasure and sometimes with sorrow. Pleasant ties
are broken every day. The departing graduate, while looking forward with
pleasure to meeting his friends once more, leaves his associates with regret.
He is generally given a hearty farewell. New arrivals are immediately taken
in hands by attendants of the Institute, who are always in waiting at the
station. [See illustration.] No matter what the condition of the arrival maybe
no remarRS are made about the man as he passes through the crowd. Under
no circumstances is good taste offended.
Depot. The Chicago & Alton Railway Company has erected at Dwight a
handsome granite railway station for the accommodation of its patrons. It
was much needed.
Discovery of the Remedy. From OpieP. Reed, journalist, novelist and wit:
"For many years Dr. Keeley was a general practitioner at Dwight, and was the
first regularly-engaged railroad surgeon in the United States, having been tend-
ered theposition by the Chicago & Alton twenty years ago. He grew up with the
idea that drunkenness was a disease and that it could be cured; indeed, this
idea was an inheritarce. His gr-andfather, an Irish gentleman and a fine
physician, held the same belief, and spent much of his life fti the study of the
subject, but without discovering a sure remedy. Years afterwards his son,
also a physician, continued the investigation, but, after a long life, died with-
out having made the discovery which his father had so earnestly sought.
The present Dr. Keeley experimented for many years in the East where he
was born, and in the West at Dwight; indeed, during the war, while he was
surgeon in the Union army, ho kept up his birth-seated habit of studying
drunkenness and its possible cure.
tHE ENCYCLOPEDIA. 367
" 3 a night about fourteen years ago the student walked forth from his
laboratory. Dwight was asleep; the late trains had passed; a quiet joy filled
the student's heart. "Why? He was satisfied that the long-sought remedy
had been fouud. A strong test was riot long wanting. Shortly after w aid
Dr. Keeley was summoned to attend an old man who had attempted to com-
mit suicide. He was the village drunkard. The doctor saved his life and
then applied his discovery. The old man lived many years, but never took
another drink of liquor."
J)iseanes Treated. While by far the great majority of patients at Dwight
and its branches are treated for alcoholism 01 drunkenness, great numbers
of victims of narcotics, such as opium, morphine, chloral, etc., and
tobacco, may also be found there, as well as sufferers from nervous dis-
eases not superinduced by the use of alcohol drugs or tobacco. The success
achieved by Dr. Keeley in his treatment of drunkenness has to a great extent
overshadowed his equally successful treatment of .those addicted to other a I
more pernicious habits. This Is naturally so for the reason.that the diseaoC
of alcoholism is so much more widespread and so much more prominent
in the eyes of the public. Dr. Keeley looks upon the cigarette habit asbe'ng
the most pernicious he has to deal with. Because of the apparent innocence
of the habit it works a more complete ruin than any of the others to the nerv-
ous system of its victims. It is the only habit he is ocasionally led
to denounce positively as a vice. There are issued by the Leslie E. Keeley
Company a number of valuable pamphlets treating of the morphine and opiu^i
habit, in all its various phases and degrees, of the tobacco habit, the cigarette
habit, and of neurasthenia, or nerve exhaustion, with information of vast
importance to sufferers. These will be sent free to any person applying for
them at the Keeley Institute Dwight, oral any of its branches, or they will be
furnished together with any other information desired by any graduate of
any of the Keeley Institutes, everyone of whom considers himself an agent of
the company to the extent of spreading the light of Dr. Keeley's discoveries
so that all mankind may be benefited by it. No letter is ever left unanswered
at the Keeley Institute, and no question is considered too troublesome to be
answered by the staff of physicians in charge.
Dwight. Dwight, Livingston county, 111 , a village made famous by Dr.
Leslie E. Keeley's di coveries in medicine, and made important by reason of
the loeation of 'the principal offices, laboratory and institute of the Leslie E.
Keeley Company there, is located in what is historically known as Grand
Prairie on the main line of the Chicago, Alton & St Louis R. R., at the junc-
tion of its western division, about seventy-two miles from Chicago, and
twenty miles from Pontiac, the county seat. It is a place of about 2,000
inhabitants, is the third in size, and one of the most important shipping points
in the county. It was surveyed by Nelson Buck, deputy county surveyor for
Amos Edwards, the regular surveyor of the county, in the fall of 1858, for
R. P. Morgan, Jr., Jas. C. Spencer, John Lathrop and I. and K. O. Fell, who
owned the land on which it stands. The original town embraced the south-
west quarter of the southeast quarter of section 4; also the northwest quarter
of the northeast quarter, and the northeast quarter of the northwest quarter
of section 9, township 30, north range 7, east of the third principal meridian,
and on the 30th day of January, 1854, was dedicated by Mr. Morgan, and the
plat admitted to record. The following are his dedicatory woids: "To be
known as the town of Dwight, and the streets and alleys described on the
368 GUIDE TO CHICAGO.
town plat are hereby donated to the public." It was named for Henry
Dwight, of New York, who was a capitalist, and furnished the money to
build the road from Joliet to Bloomington, known as the Chicago, Alton &
St. Louis Railroad. He is said to have lost a fortune in the construction of
this road, and as a compliment to him, and in honor of his noble deeds, his
name was given to the village, which, in spite of efforts to change it, it has ever
since borne. It is said that the first indication of a town was the raising of a
telegraph pole with a tin pan nailed on top, which served as a landmark and
guide to the surveyors engaged on the Chicago, Alton & St. Louis Railroad,
or, as then known, the Chicago & Mississippi Railroad Company, with the
intention of building a railroad from Joliet to Alton. The road was located
by Oliver H. Lee, chief engineer of the company, and the work pushed for-
ward under the supervision of assistant engineers R. P. Morgan, Jr., H. A
Gardiner and James A. Spencer, with such vigor and dispatch that on the 4th
day of July, 1854, the first passenger train passed over the new road. Since
then, Dwight, up to within the past three years, can not be said to have pros-
pered. The railroad diverted such trade as formerly came to it to other
points. li slumbered along for years as a sort of a community of retired
farmers, and apparently knew as little and cared as little of the outside world
as the outside world knew and cared about it. It has much the appearance
of a frontier village to-day, the majority of the residences being one-story
cottages. It has one or two very pretty avenues, however, and some handsome
private residences, but it is plain that whatever prosperity it is now enjoytoj
is due directly to the location there of the Keeley Institute, the patients of whim
number from 700 to 1,000 at all times. .These are, generally speaking, men
of means, and they have helped to swell the receipts of the shopkeepers,
besides leaving a great deal of money with the hotel and boarding-house
keepers. Dwight is a charming little prairie town in summer. In winter
this can not be truthfully said of it, although its streets are being rapidly
improved. The people of Dwight are socially agreeable, and patients at the
Keeley Institute are uniformly treated with consideration. The young people
are above the average in intelligence. There are good schools and churches
here. Amusements are such as are furnished by the different church and
secret societies, and the Bi-Chloride of Gold Club. The Keeley Company
and the village government have in contemplation numerous improvements,
the carrying out of which will completely transform the place within the next
few years.
Effects of the Treatment. All sorts of nonsensical stories are told of the
effects of the Keeley treatment. There are patients who, for various reasons,
exaggerate their sufferings and tell extraordinary stories of their endurance,
simply for the purpose of leading their friends to believe that they are
undergoing a dreadful ordeal, and undergoing it like heroes. The treatment,
as a matter of fact, is a heroic one, but not in the sense that it brings great
mental orphysical suffering with it. The drunkard who has been on a short or
prolonged debauch probably never was " let down " so easily before. He is-
freed almost unconsciously from the desire for alcoholic stimulation, and with
out suffering the tortures which he has had to endure invariably on previous
ooc'isions. Suppose he arrives drunk at the end of a month's spree. If he is
inn-.ipable of oaring for himself an attendant is placed in charge of him. He
is given a hypodermic injection in the left arm. and his attendant is pro.
vided with a bottle of the remedy, from which he administers a dose every
two hours. The attendant is also provided with a four ounce flask of good
Wtp,^
THE ENCYCLOPEDIA. 369
whisky. There is no restraint on the patient. He can walk the streets, visit
the club or the institute, or go to sleep at his boarding house or hotel, as the
fancy strikes him. But he gets his doses regularly every two hours, and his .
hypodermic treatments at the regulation hours. If he arrives in the morning, j
he is very nearly sober by night, tmt his supply of whisky is not cut off. He I
is eniitled to whisky at Dwight as long as he calls for it, but, of course, in \
modified doses. He is not permitted to suffer for the want of it. If he is a
bad case he consumes eight or twelve ounces the first day. He is certain of
a good sleep at night, and next day he may consume eight ounces of whisky.
This, however, is an extreme case. The probability is that on the morning
of the third day he has no desire for it. He is likely to refuse it when it is
offered. He has slept well and his appetite is good. He is surprised, arr azcd
to find that he is not nervous. His attendant leaves him. He is able to care
for himself from this time on. He takes an active part in the Bi-Chloride of
Gold club. He begins to enjoy life. There is, perhaps, some dimness of
sight and some slight interruption of thought. This continues for about
three days. He is a Httle^forgetful and absent-minded, but such a condition
is easily accounted for when it is considered that a perfect metamorphosis
has taken place in the man within seventy-two hours. His sight and his
mind soon clear up, and his intellect comes out like the sun from behind a
bank of summer clouds, and shines with a brilliancy that astonishes himself
and his friends. He is once more a Man. He may be physically weak for
ten days or so, but at the end of two weeks he begins to gain flesh ; his energy
returns; he is full of vigor; he feels that the world is his. At the end of the
third or fourth week he leaves Dwight with a heart full of gratitude and a
mind bent upon noble purposes. The whole thing is a mystery to him. He
bovvs his head in acknowledgment of God's mercy in raising up Dr. Keeley
as an instrument of salvation, and does not care to penetrate the veil which
shields the mighty secret from his view.
Express Office. Like a great many other things in DwighJ, the express
office facilities have not kept pace with the demand and consignments of
articles necessary to the comfort of patients, are very frequently delayed
beyond all reason. The facilities shoiild at least be doubled.
Harry Lawrence's. The patient at Dwight has scarcely arrived before
he registers at " Harry Lawrence's." The proprietor is a genial, whole-souled
Missourian. He hails from a town called Slater, which he pronounces " Sla-
taw," with a true Missouri dialect. This is the great butter-milk repository
of Dwight. Butter-milk, by the way, is a favorite beverage in the village,
and barrels of it are consumed daily by the patients. Harry Lawrence is a
graduate, and has done perhaps as much as any single man toward spreading
the light. Attached to his place is a restaurant conducted in first-class styje,
and managed by Willie Reilly, a Chicago boy, also a graduate.
Government Recognition. The United States Government recognizes the
Keeley Treatment and has authorized the use of the Keeley remedies in
twenty-eight National and State Soldiers' and Sailors' Homes. The Board of
Managers of theye institutes is composed as follows: The President of the
Uuted States, the Chief Justice, the Secretary of War ex-oflicios; General
William B. Franklin, president of the board; Gen. William J. Sewell, first
vice-president; Gen. John C Black, second vice-president; Gen. Martin T.
McMahon, secretary; Col. John L. Mitchell. Major Edmund Merrill, Gen.
George Bonebrake, Gen. Alfred L. Pearson, Gen. James Barnett, Gen. Fran-
cis Fessenden and Gen. George W. Steele.
370 GUIDE TO CHICAGO.
Hotel and Boarding House Accommodation. Hotel accommodation for trans-
ients or regular guess may be obtained atDwight by the day or week. TheLiv-
iugston, owned by the Leslie E. Keeley Company, is the leading hotel of the
village, and is conducted in first-class style. Rates $3 per day and upward,
according to character of accommodation and room required. Other hotels con-
venient to the Institute are the Avenue House, Cornell House, Ketcham House,
McPheisijn House and Pennsylvania House. Rates at any of the last named,
$1.50 per day; board by the week, $7 and $10. Board by the week generally
in Dwight, including bed, $7. Better accommodations may Le had by renting
rooms separately at a cost of from $3 to $5 per week; acd the best board
may be obtained at from $5 to $7 per week. Patients are directed to board-
ijg houses by the Leslie E. Keeley Company. Many large boarding houses
have recently been erected.
How One Man was Diseased, and How Cured. It would be impossible to
give even a summary of the thousands of cures which have taken place at
Dwight. The compiler can only give a sinking example of the speed with
which the peculiar condition of a sufferer is understood, and the rapidity with
which he recovers under the treatment. The following will serve as an illus-
tration. The story is told by the person who passed through the experience.
Ic will be understood by all those who have ever been cursed with the disease,
as well as those who have had to deal with periodical drunkards: " I was a
periodical drunkard and could always tell when one of my attacks was coming
on. My pulse would gradually begin to beat faster and faster, and would,
after a week's fight against liquor, run as high as 140. I would arrange my
business so that I could leave home and would then go away and drink des-
perately for a -month or more. I have gone until my feet would swell so that
a vein would burst and fill my shoe with blood. My father one day thus up-
braided me : ' I can understand how a man, out with a party of friends, can
be Jed off, but how a man can arrange his affairs as you do, get drunk, you
might say, in cold-blooded premeditation, is something I do not understand.
I attempted to explain, but could not, and referred the matter to our family
physician . 'Do you mean to lellme,' said he, 'that whisky, the very remedy
we use in heart failure, is the only thing that will reduce your pu'lse ?' ' I
do,' I answered. ' I can't believe it. Come to my office the next time you are
attacked.' One day, in company with my father, I called on the doctor. I
held out my hand. The doctor timed my pulse 140. He vainly tried medi
cine after medicine, and finally said: 'I don't understand it.' 'Give me
some whisky,' said I. He gave me a* glass of liquor and my pulse dropped
to eighty. ' I give it up,' said he, and then, turning to my father, said : 'Mr.
Lyons, your son can't help it. It is a disease.' The doctor afterwards
' wrote me up' for a medical journal. I was sent to Boston to be treated, but
my disease broke out apain while I was under treatment. I was taken to
Paris, but I was compelled to drink, and came home hopeless. One morning
my father called my attention loan article in the New "York Sun. [The Snn's
attention was called to the Keeley cure by articles in the Chicago Tribune.} It
recounted the wonderful cures that had been effected by Dr. Keeley 's bichloride
of gold treatment. I had never heard of Dwight, and , having failed of a cure
in the world's most famous city, had no faith in Dr. Keeley, but, several days
later, when I felt an attack coming on, I started for Dwight. I was almost
a madman when I arrived, and as soon as I saw the doctor I began to explain
the peculiarity of my case. 'Yes,' he said, cutting me off, ' nearly every man
THE ENCYCLOPEDIA. 371
has a peculiar case. How long has it been since you drank?' 'About a month,'
I answered. 'Well, then you don't need any whisky. 'But/ I almost raved,
' I must have it. See, my pulse is running away with me. You don't seem
to understand my case.' He made no reply to my statement, but quietly
requested me to expose my left arm. I did so, and he injected his pink fluid,
and then, giving me a bottle of tonic, dismissed me. If I could have boarded
a train I would have left in disgust; but as I could not, I went to bed after
taking a dose of the tonic. I got up and took a dose several times during the
night, and was surprised at morning to find that my pulse had gone down,
but the thirst was still strong upon me, and I hastened to the doctor's office.
He gave me a ' shot ' in reply to my demand for liquor, and I was again
sent away with the instructions to take my tonic regularly. Well, within a
week's time my thirst was entirely gone and my nerves were stronger than
they had been for years. I would not be in the condition I was when I
came here, if there were no such treatment in view, for a million dollars, for
in that condition money could only supply the means of destruction."
Information for tlie Interested. The Leslie E. Keeley Company has pre-
pared the following necessary information for those who are interested in the
double chloride of gold remedies. It should be read carefully.
We are called upon in hundreds of letters, which daily come to this office, to
answer questions regarding our ti eatment, methods, general expenses * nd usual time
necessary for a complete and thorough cure of the liquor habit; and finding it impos-
sible to spare time for each letter in detail, we embody the necessary informati n
in this general letter to meet such inquiries, and thus insure more prompt knowltdge
on the subject.
FIRST, Dr. Keeley has been in this SPECIAL department of medicine twelve
years, nuring which time he has favtd more fathers, sons, husbands and brothers,
than have all 01 her means to the same end siuce the be* inning > f the century.
SKCOND, we aie con -tuntly crowdt d with patients from eve r y state and t-rrit r ry
in t^e Union, here for a cure of the Liquor disease, who cume and po with unvarying
regularity every THREE WEEKS. Tbey are from every walk in life, from toe capitalist
to the mech. nic. We hav^ no Sanitarium Builoings, no behind "stonewalls" or
"iron bars " for patients. Our system dots not requ re them. Patients coming to
Dwight go to good, comfortable hotels or l;oarding houses, take their remedy there
EVERY TWO HOURS while awake, and report at the general office FOUR TIMES DAILY,
AT STATED INTERVALS, FOR AUXILIARY TREATMENT this as a part of their exercise.
THIRD, the time here is three weeks, and in that three weeks Mr. Keeley will do
more for a liquor habitue than can be d ne for him elsewhere on th '. face of the
globe in three years he will give him a cure a cure that will come to him 1 ke a
benediction f r< m God, without aid or t ffort of his part, and come to stay Dr. Keeley
does not hesitate t> give every i.qu r hanitue coming here all the l.quor necessary
until he drops it of his own volition, which is usually in from 36 t > 48 hou s after
commencing TREATMENT. He then drops it, never to take it up again while life lasts,
as never again is it a necessity or a temptation.
We nave but one i rice to all c mers, namely, $25/0 a week for REMEDY and
TREATMENT; board is extra, and costs from $5 to $1 per week, according to inclination
and pur*-.
In all Remedy sent out for HOME TREATMENT we embody a limited amount of
the SUPPORT SOLUTION hereto! ore mentioned as AUXILIARY TREATMENT in the men-
strum of the Remedy. In this manner we tty to give as nearly as possible Treatment
identical with toat at Dwight.
We arealw.-,ys anxious to make a Cure in every case to which the Remedy is
sent, and to do this we urge constant and accurate REPORTS sent in every THIRD day.
These renorts are answered by a personal letter of advice and instruction, and through
this method we take charge of each case from beginning to finish, and thus protect
the Cure. We always enclose a Report-blank to those desiring HOME TREATMENT.
This filled out accurately enables us to gold-grade Remedy to meet, as nearly as pos-
sible, the conditions bo given, and to secure best results.
We counsel no liquor given in HOME TREATMENT unless to absolutely pupport
and sustain. Then only in small quantities and at long intervals. When the Remedy
takes full hold upon the system the patient will not want liquor.
372 tfmbE TO CHICAGO.*
The price of the Remedy for Home Treatment is $9 per pair, and being a liquid
must be sent by Express. Cash with the order will save return Express charges,
otherwise shipments are made C. O. D.
Inebriety a Disease. From a lecture delivered at Chicago by Dr. Leslie
E. Keeley, under the auspices of the Press Club:
" I do not claim that society is yet ready to accept the conclusion that
confirmed inebriates are morally irresponsible, but society is now obliged to
accept the fact that confirmed inebriety is a disease. The evidences of this fact
comprise all the evidence there is of the existence of any disease. There is
poison as a cause. There are symptoms and signs of disease. These facts have
long been known, but there is no w the additional evidence which is confirmatory
that the disease of inebriety is curable by medicine. The moral factor of
inebriety has always stood in the way of recognition by the public that ine-
briety is a disease. The alcoholized patient, or culprit, or prisoner is held
responsible morally because he buys the poison voluntarily, and takes it him-
self, which brings into the case the factor of vice.$jewed from th,e standpoint
of law and morality. Setting aside this factor, there is no difference in general
terms between drunkenness or alcoholism and typhoid fever or insanity- and,
in fact, when we continue the analysis of the features of likeness there is no
difference. The germ diseases as typhoid-fever, consumption, scarlet-fever
and diphtheria, are caused by germ poisons, and it was formerly the custom to
call these diseases "providential" or visitations from God, the reason being
that the cause was unknown. Now, however, that the cause is known we
learn that the public and individuals are as responsible morally for the exist-
ence of the poisons as they are for the existence of alcohol. A man who
refuses to be vaccinated or refuses this protection to his family is responsible
if small-pox is the consequence. Communities which neglect sanitation and
have a death rate of ten or twenty above the minimum rate per 1,000, are
responsible for the consequent sickness and death. An individual who uses
water that he knows, or should know, may be contaminated and gets typhoid
fever therefrom is morally as responsible as the man who drinks alcohol until
he becomes a drunkard. From these facts, then, I can see no difference in a
general sense between the disease of inebriety and typhoid fever or other dis-
eases. They are all, every one, caused by poisons which produce the disease,
and individuals and communities are equally responsible from the moral
standpoint for all diseases that are preventible. Inebriety also bears the same
relation to cure and prevention that other diseases do. All diseases, includ-
ing inebriety, should be prevented rather than cured, but this world, while
truly seeking the art of preventing all diseases, has not yet reached the goal.
The foundation of. this disease, with its manifestations of periodical inebriety,
consists in a characteristic variation of the tissue cells of the brain, which
can be caused by nothing else than alcohol. This variation of cells is partly
lost or cured naturally during the rhythmiciulerval of sobriety, but for the
reason that force underlies this manifestation and that all force is physically
rhythmic, this condition returns again; that is, the manifestation of inebriety
again returns and again recedes, and that is what makes the habitual drunk-
ard. D wight is called the 'court of last resort for God's unfortunates,' and I
think justly so. I will take any liquor habitue there, soddened and saturated
by twenty years of alcoholic debauch, sober him in two hours, cut short his
worst spree in four hours, take him from inebriety to perfect sobriety without
nervous shock or distress, and leave him anti pathetic to alcoholic stimulants
of every sort and kind inside of three days and, in the meantime, will give
THE ENCYCLOPEDIA. 373
him all the liquor he asks for; this, with the confident assurance that he will
drop it of his own volition in from thirty-six to forty-eight hours. Never
again will he want or desire it, though he should live a hundred years,
and if he goes back to liquor he will do so, not because of want or desire, but
simply with intention to resume his old habits. The sobering up process at
Dwight is a small matter, though one much dreaded by theinebriate at home.
I take him from inebriety to perfect sobriety much as a ship is lifted from the
water to the dry-docks without strain. The formulae for the cure of inebriety
and opium habit, which I have discovered after years of experimental work,
has never yet been published and never will be, for general use. I am aware
that alleged analyses of my formulae are published in the newspapers. I
pronounce them unqualifiedly false. I rest easy upon the matter of analysis,
otherwise I would not send my remedy broadcast over the world to whoever
culls for it. It would take a river of it to make a quantitative or qualitative
analysis, or, in other words, an analysis in fact. To give to the general pub-
lic the formulae from which my remedy is compounded would be to simply
destroy its efficacy as a cure. The remedy is not a proprietary one, similar to
the many others known as patent medicines upon the market in drug stores.
It is a complete system which must be closely watched from beginning to
finish, and from which no detail can be omitted without endangering its
success."
Keeley as a Man. Opie P. Reed in a letter to the Chicago Tribune. In-
stantly upon meeting Dr. Keeley, a student of character feels that he is in the
presence of a great man, nor does this impression grow less with acquaint-
ance. On the contrary, the first "conception is strengthened. I have seen
great generals and have interviewed statesmen, and have come away feeling
that the public had overrated them; but the more I contemplate Dr. Keeley
the more am I convinced that he u really a great man a great scientist. He
is surely doing more good than any man living to-day; more good than any
statesman or any philanthropist. He is the restorer of happiness to homes
that have long been the abode of misery; he is healing the broken hearts of
wretched mothers and wives, and is giving back to man his forfeited claim
upon happiness. He firmly takes in a despair and gently turns it out a
hope.
.Keeley Institutes Branches. A large number of important branches of
the Keeley Institute have been established. These are scattered throughout the
country. * In the near future it is likely that one or more branch institutions
will be found in every State in the Union, in Canada and in the different
countries of Europe. The following is a list of the authorized State agencies
operating under the name and title of "The Keeley Institute," in existence
up to March 1, 1892. These comprise the only genuine representatives for
the treatment of patients with the Dr. Leslie E. Keeley double chloride of
gold remedies:
The Keeley Institute, Paris, Texas.
The Keeley Institute, Des Moines, Iowa.
The Keeley Institute, 530 Locust St., Philadelphia, Pa.
Tne Keeley Institute, White Plains, N. Y.
Tne Keeley Institute, Marysville, Ohio.
The Keeley Institute, Edgewood ave. and Ivy St., Atlanta, Ga
The Keeley Institute, Valley City, N. D.
Tha Keeley Institute, Plainfield, Ind,
374 GUIDE TO CHICAGO.
The Keeley Institute, cor. Third and Madison sts., Portland Ore.
The Keeley Institute, Blair, Neb.
The Keeley Institute, Hot Springs, Ark.
The Keeley Institute, Lancaster, Wis.
The Keeley Institute, 3811 Fifth ave., Pittsburgh, Pa.
The Keeley Institute, Palatka, Fla.
The Keeley Institute, Leavenworth, Kas.
The Keeley Institute, Sioux Falls, 8. D.
The Keeley Institute, Olympia, Wash.
The Keeley Institute, Cheyenne, Wyo.
The Keeley Institute, Greensboro, N. C.
The Keeley Institute, Salem, Va.
The Keeley Institute, Farmington, Me.
The Keeley Institute, Oklahoma City, Ind. Ty.
The Keeley Institute, Los Gatos, Cal.
The Keeley Institute, Hot Springs, S. D.
The Keeley Institute, Madisonville, Ohio.
The Keeley Institute, North Couway, N. H.
The Keeley Institute, Northville, Mich.
The Keeley Institute, West Haven, Conn.
The Keeley Institute, Cherokee, Iowa.
The Keeley Institute, Gardo House, Salt Lake City, Utah.
The Keeley Institute, Westfield, N. Y.
The Keeley Institute, 1607 Sanderson ave., Scranton, Pa.
The Keeley Institute, Binghamton, N. Y.
The Keeley Institute, Beatrice, Neb.
The Keeley Institute, St. Joseph, Mo.
The Keeley Institute, Denver, Colo.
The Keeley Institute, Colorado Springs, Colo.
The Keeley Institute, Columbia, S. C.
The Keeley Institute, Topeka, Kan.
The Keeley Institute, O'Neill, Neb.
The Keeley Institute, Memphis, Tenn.
The Keeley Institute, Waukesha, Wis.
The Keeley Institute, Excelsior Spring?, Mo.
Keeley Institute, Chicago. At this writing it is impossible to say what
the plans of the Keeley Company are regarding the establishment of an Insti-
tute in the city of Chicago. That one will be established is certain. Negotia-
tions are understood to be in progress for the purchase of a large and hand-
some structure on the South Side.
Keeley Institutes, Foreign. Keeley Institutes have been provided for
throughout Great Britain and Ireland. Branch institutes will also be estab-
lished in Norway, Sweden, Russia and Australia at an early day. It is
highly probable that within a year there will be Keeley Institutes in every
considerable city and town on the continent of Europe.
Xeeley Institute, Winnetka. The Leslie E. Keeley Company has pur-
chased a tract of sixty acres of land on the bluffs overlooking- Lake Michigan
between Winnetka and Fort Sheridan, one of the most beautiful spots on the
north shore. Here will probably be ereetrd in the nenr future a group of
buildings which will form the nucleus of the Central Keeley Institute of the
World. It is not improbable that Dr. Keeley will reside here. So far as is
THE ENCYCLOPEDIA. 375
known, the intention is to preserve the Institute at Dwight intact. It would
be out of place here to make any predictions as to the future of the Winnetka
Institute, as Dr. Keeley's plans have not been given to the public.
Keeley Institute, Parent Rouse. Located at Dwight, 111. This institute
is under the immediate supervision of LeslieE. Keeley.M. D.,LL. D., discoverer
of the Keeley remedies. This is the center from which all branch institutes
derive their authority, receive their supplies and obtain their medical direc-
tors. Connected with the present institute is the laboratory of the com-
pany, in charge of Prof. John R. Oughton, and the business department of
the company in charge of MajoT Curtis J. Judd . The medical department is
in charge of Dr. J. E. Elaine, who ranks as chief of staff. His assistants are
all regularly-graduated physicians and men of high standing in the profession,
some of them being specialists of established reputation. The attendance of . /
patients here is always much larger than at any of the branches, frequently I
reaching upward of 1,000, although the treatment received is precisely the
same at all Keeley institutes. All physiciansplacedin charge of branches receive
their training here. They are not permitted to administer the remedies until
they shall have first thoroughly familiarized themselves with the peculiar
methods pursued under Dr. Keeley's system, with the use of the needle and
with the various phases oHhe different diseases arising from the use of alcohol
and narcotics. The buildings which compose the Keeley Institute at Dwight
consist of a beautiful structure, known as the " Laboratory," in which the
general accounting room sand offices of the ptiysicians are located; the treat-
ment hall; the Livingston Hotel; a sanitarium for women; a home for
attendants, where bad cases are first lodged; the Bi-Chloride of Gold Club
apartments, and various buildings scattered throughout the village.
The Livingston occupies the site of Dr. Keeley's old office, where he toiled
along for over twelve years, unrecognized by his profession, and almost
unknown to the world. The Laboratory building contains the following
departments: Laboratory for the dispensing of the general line of medicines
used in this treatment. Offices for the clerical purposes necessary for so large
a business, also for the use of the lady stenographers of which they have to
employ at present fifteen, besides book-keepers, clerks, etc. The Treatment
Hall is removed from this structure, and convenient to the club rooms, where
patients lounge and amuse themselves. Here at the proper hours [see Rules
and Regulations] the patients form into lines for treatment. An illustration
of the method pursued is given in this work. This shows Dr. Keeley in the
foreground, noting the condition of patients as they pass from the hands of
the operating physicians. The four daily hypodermic injections are given in
the left arm, a slit being made in the shirt sleeves of the patients, as a rule,
although many prefer to roll the sleeve up to the shoulder. At each operating
table there are two physicians, one to use the needle, the other to see tha
patients are provided with remedies for minor indispositions. The former
observes closely the pupils of the eyes of every patient as he approaches,
and regulates the injection accordingly. A third physician stands in the rear
of these (in the position of Dr . Keeley as shown in the engraving) who takes
each patient by the wrist after treatment, as he passes out, to note the tem-
perature of the body, condition of skin, dilation of pupil, etc., and also
enquires regarding the general health of the subject. One line is usually
reserved for new patients, and the physician who is detailed to attend to the
duty last named, in this line, also supplies the liquor required in two-ounce,
four-ounce or eight-ounce bottles, as the case may be. No patient is refused
376 GUIDE TO CHICAGO.
whisky. Just so long as he desires it, it is freely given. He usually declines
it twenty-four hours after the treatment has begun.
Leslie E. Keeley Company, The. The Leslie E. Keeley'Company, of
Dwight, 111., is a corporate body. It was organized under the laws of this
State for the manufacture and sale of the Leslie E. Keeley remedies for the
cure of the alcohol, opium, morphine, tobacco and similar habits, and for the
treatment of nervous diseases generally. Leslie E. Keeley, M. D. LL. D.,
the discoverer of the double chloride of gold cure, is president; Mr. John R.
Oughton, the chemist of the institute, is vice-president; Major Curtis J. Judd,
the business manager of the institute, is secretary and treasurer. It is under-
stood that the entire capital stock of the company is controlled by these three
men. Messrs. Oughton and Judd became interested in the Keeley discoveries
long before the double chloride of gold remedies had achieved a reputation,
and remained steadfast in their faith, although it appeared many times that
the discoveries made by Dr. Keeley would never obtain the recoguition which
they deserved, and which they are now receiving throughout the world.
Medical Staff. The medical staff of the Keeley Institute at Dwight is
composed as follows:
LESLIE E. KEELEY, M. D., LL. D.,
JOHN E. ELAINE, M. D., Chief of Staff ',
Milton R. Keeley, M. D., T. D. Williams, M. D.,
Allan Burdick, M. D., E. G. Dick, M. D.,
Russell Broughton, M. D., F. D. Martin, M. D.,
Norton Brokaw, M. D., W. M. Brown, M. D.,
I. L. Compton, M. D., W. W. Steele, M.. D.
Newspapers. The Star and Herald of Dwight is the leading newspaper.
It is a weekly and well edited and a large amount of space is devoted to the
club affairs and other information of interest to patients and graduates. It is
customary for graduates upon leaving to subscribe for the Star and Herald
that they may be kept acquainted with the movements of their associates and
other matters connected with the institute. The Banner of Gold, a weekly
newspaper devoted to the interests of Keeley graduates, and a publication of
high literary merit, is issued from Chicago. [See Banner of Gold, under head
of "Newspapers. "1
No Restraint. From a lecture delivered in Chicago, before theBi-Chloride
of Gold club by Maj. Curtis J. Judd: "The old method of treatment doctors
had come to believe in, and of course it was difficult to argue with them and
to bring them to see matters as he did. The argument against Dr. Keeley
was that he could not do what he claimed because it never had been done.
Dr.. Keeley contended that he could effect a cure of the liquor and opium
habits by treating them as diseases. He would use no force in the matter
whatever, but whoever came under his treatment should be simply a
resident of the village he was in, and have all the liberty that he had where
he came from. They should be merely tempora/y residents of Dwight. Dr.
Keeley claimed that the voluntary assent of the patient to be under his treat-
mentdistinguished the mind sufficiently; that undt r no consideration did he
consider the disease of inebriety, even to the extent of delirium tremens, a
case for confinement; and he never has done it. That is one of the strongest
features in his treatment that a necessity does not exist for confinement in
any case. I can not remember of a single case of delirium tremens where
THE ENCYCLOPEDIA. 377
the patient himself was vicious. You may read the medical books and hear
people talk of public and private asylums, and you will hear of nothing but
viciousness on the part of inebriates. That is what surprises me. Dr. Kee-
ley's theory was that you made these cases vicious by confinement, by forc-
ing them to do what in their own judgment was wrong. By employ-
ing coercion, as Dr. Keeley terms it, you are creating what you try to
cure, a species of madness or insanity. That is the exterior treatment of
inebriety. It is carried out to-day identically as Dr. Keeley laid his plans
ten years ago. He is carrying out what he has studied and made a life-work
for the last twenty -five years."
Other so-called Gold Cures. The compiler of this work has been requested
to call attention to the institutes established in Chicago and elsewhere
claiming to be conducted on the same principle as the Keeley Institute
at- Dwight. While he has, in a few instances at least, no reason to doubt the
honesty of purpose behind some of these establishments, he has every reason
to doubt it as regards some others. He has no personal knowledge of the
efficacy of the cures said to be performed by them. He has personal knowl-
edge of the efficacy of the Keeley cure. He does not hesitate to say here
that he has received the benefits of the Dwight treatment. He considers the
cure of inebriety too serious a question to be trifled with, and can not give
his indorsement to institutions of which he knows nothing. He gives hie
indorsement to the Keeley remedies cheerfully and without qualification.
Photography. The photograph studio of the Dwight Art Company is
worthy of a visit from the stranger. Here are collected innumerable photo-
graphs, showing in groups and individual portiaitsthe men who have passed
through the Keeley Institute at Dwight. It is customary among the patients,
from time to time, to have their pictures taken in what is known as " contin-
gents." For example, groups of Chicagoans of the different classes may be
seen here, as well as groups of Missourians, Kentuckians, New Yorkers, etc.
The art gallery is well conducted and very well executed photographs are
produced here.
Pocket Money. Patients at Dwight are not supposed to carry any great
amount of money with them. Whatever amounts they may bring are
expected to be deposited with the Keeley Institute, where a credit is given,
and upon which the patient may draw, from time to time, within certain lim-
itations. Necessary articles may be procured from the stores in the village by
patients upon giving an order on the Keeley Company. Lending money is
positively prohibited. The occasions when an attempt is made to borrow,
however, are very rare.
Post-Office. The post-office at Dwight is in charge of the Hon. J. B. Par-
sons, who has for assistants persons who are in sympathy with the patients
and who do their utmost toward accommodating them. In many respects
this post-office is an anomaly. During a single month there may be from one
thousand to fifteen hundred.changes in the complexion of the letter addresses.
From twenty -five to forty arrivals and departures occur every day. The
great bulk of the mail received must pass through the general delivery.
Unlike the average post-office in a small town, the assistants can never become
perfectly familar with faces of persons calling for mail. There are received
at the Dwight Post-office every-day for distribution, hundreds of letters
addressed to new names. There are also deposited in the post-office numer-
ous letters without any addresses, many with the addresses only partially com-
378 GUIDE TO CHICAGO.
plete and many others addressed to the writers. These letters are usually
written within the three or four days after the arrival of the patients at
Dwight, when their minds are confused. Notwithstanding all this, the letters
addressed to or addressed by patients, as a general rule, reach their destina-
tion.
Railroad Communication. The Chicago & Alton is the only railroad
touching Dwight directly. From Chicago take train at Union Depot, West
Side. All trains stop here. From Kansas City and St. Louis, and from all
points on the Alton system, Dwight may be reached directly. Pullman
sleepers on all through trains. Chair cars are run free. The Alton Com-
pany and employes pay special attention to patients destined for Dwight, and
will see to their safety and comfort.
Rules and Regulations. The following are the rules and regulations gov-
erning the course of treatment at Dwight. In effect these laws govern the
treatment at all branch institutes:
FIRST . No patient accepted for a less period than three weeks' 1 course of treatment.
All patients are required to register and arrange all financial matters with the treas-
urer on arrival. Borrowing or loaning money between patients is positively prohibited.
SECOND. Stiict regularity must be observed in the use of Remedy every two hours
during the day, and promptness at the office for 1 hypodermic ireatnfent four times
daily, viz.: 8:00 o'clock A. M., 12 o'clock noon, 5 o'clock p. M., 7:30 o'clock p. M. If for
any good reason patients are unable to attend office treatment, physicians will visit
their residence.
THIRD. The remedy for internal use is compounded to meet individual require-
ments, and all exchanging or loaning between patients is interdicted.
FOURTH. The use of tobacco in any form is prohibited for fifteen minutes before
and fifteen minutes after office treatment.
FIFTH. Cigarette smoking and gambling will be punished by dismissal.
SIXTH. Baths are prescribed at least twice each week.
SEVENTH. Patients are requested to preserve silence in the office, while in line or
when through office treatment.
EIGHTH. Gentlemanly deportment is expected from nil, and profanity, lewd con-
versation, boisterous conduct on the street, at hotels or boarding houses, will be
severely reprimanded, and if persisted in will be visited by prompt expulsion.
NINTH. Strangers visiting Dwight, as well as the residents, must not be annoyed
in any manner; and graduates should be permitted to take their departure without
unnecessary demonstration.
TENTH . Statements will be furnished from the office at c|ose of treatment, and all
are requested to present complete board accounts in ample time for adjustment. All
changes in boarding locations should ba promptly reported to the effice.
ELEVENTH. Every patient accepting treatment at Dwight must comply with these
rules in every particular
Rules are not made to be broken at Dwight. Once made their observ-
ance is imperative. No patient, no matter who he may be, or what influence
there is behind him, can break a rule with impunity. If it is deemed best for the
good of his associates, he is expelled summarily. Dwight, like opportunity,
only knocks once at a man's door. If he fails to profit by his experience there
he can never return. This is an absolute rule. Dr. Keely expects every man
who visits Dwight for treatment to be, above everything else, a gentlemen.
Ilis condition, his clothing, his nativity, his creed, are not noticed, but his
conduct is watched closely. If he does not behave himself, once sobered, like
a man, he is invited to leave, and can never return.
Slang. The use of slang phrases in connection with the Keeley treat-
ment is prohibited. There are certain expressions which are particularly
obnoxious to Dr. Keeley. There is one expression, however, that will prob-
ably outlive all interdiction. It has come to be a word of general usage among
the patients and graduates. The word is " shot" and is used in connection
with the hypodermic treatment. It is short, succinct and expressive. It is
illll EN'CYCI.OI'KDtA. 379
much easier for a patient to say, " I Lave taken iny shot," than it is to say,
" I have taken my hypodermic injection." It is not used in a contemptuous
way. The treatment hall is called at times the ' ' shot tower " and the ' ' shoot-
ing gallery." Of course, these expressions are not used in the hearing of Dr.
Keeley.
Sympathy. No class of invalids are so ready to Deceive sympathy as
those recovering from the effects of a debauch, and none appreciate it more.
The first thing the patient learns at Dwight is that every one of the hundreds
who march in line with him is, like himself, a being struggling to escape
from the slavery of drink. He soon discovers also that every one of the at-
tending physicians is a Dwight graduate, and that many of the employes of the
institute have been-cured by Dr. Keeley of the same disease that has brought
him here. This establishes what the French call an entente cordiale at once.
The bond of sympathy grows stronger daily. His story is not new. He
does not feel embarrassed. He visits the club and is received with open arms
by its members. There is no chaffing or vulgar " guying." He is surprised
at first to find so many gentlemen at Dwight. Later on he is more surprised
if he finds any one among his associates who is not a gentleman. There is an
esprit de corps among the physicians and the patients, and the seven, eight or
ten hundred men live together in perfect peace and harmony.
Taking the Remedy. The remedy is taken every two hours. Patients
usually carry two two-ounce bottles. One of these contains a portion of the
remedy taken from the bottle supplied by the Institute which is too bulky
to carry around conveniently. The other is used as a "graduate," into
which is measured a teaspoonful of the medicine. The bottle is then filled
with water. This constitutes a dose and the dose is taken when due, no mat-
ter where the patient may happen to be at the time. The stranger in Dwight
will be surprised to see patients during the progressof a club meeting, or a
church service, or on the street, or at a social gathering, raising these two-
ounce bottles to their mouths and swallowing their medicine, apparently
oblivious to the fact that they are in company, or utterly careless of it. They
are at Dwight for this purpose. It is the first thing to be considered. They
take their medicine regularly, no matter where they are. This is necessary to
their cure.
What the Treatment Does. There is no claim by Dr. Keeley or any of his
patients, present or past, that his treatment will prevent drinking. It will
not drug a man out of a saloon by the heels. In many cases there is a positive
distaste for liquor. In others there is not. All that is claimed is that the
taste for alcohol is destroyed. The craving is gone. If, without any craving-,
a man desirei to contract the habit again, he can do so, although in the
majority of cases repeated trials are necessary before the stomach will retain
a drink of whisky. The man is placed where he was before he learned to
drink. If he disregards the lesson of the past, and if the sorrow and misery
of his .years of drunkenness have made no impression upon him, he can again
become a drunkard, but he can never again be enrolled among the list of Dr.
Keeley 's patients, for there is no use of curing a man who will not profit by
experience. In the case of 95 per cent, of the persons who leave Dwight, the
cure is permanent. The other 5 per cent, is made up chiefly, if not exclu-
sively, of fools who can not be taught, and of very young men who have not
suffered enough to learn the lesson that they can not play with fire without
being burned. The men and women composing the 95 ""er cent, have no
380 GUIDE TO CHICAGO.
more taste for liquor than for castor oil or kerosene, but they know that
they are in that condition solely through the treatment they have received
here in Dwight.
LIBRARIES.
/
The Libraries ofrChicago are keeping pace with the growth of the city ID
other directiocs. There are many very large and valuable private collections
which it would be useless to refer to here, for the reason that they are not
accessible to visitors or students. The leading clubs also have large librariep,
to which they are adding almost daily, which are epen only to members. The
Public Library is treated of in Part II of this work. The*Newberry Library
will be in the near future one of the greatest reference libraries in the country.
The Crerar Library, provided for by a bequest of the late John Crerar, will
become a reality within a short time. The varioussocieties and associations of
the city have libraries, with collections vary ing in numbers from a few toseveral
thousand volumes. The university and college libraries are all large and are
growing. Following are the libraries, however, of most interest to visitors
and students:
Armour Mission Library. Located in the Armour Mission, Thirty-third
and Butterfield sts. The library is growing rapidly. It is free to the public,
[See Armour Mission.]
Chicago Athenceum Library. Present location 44 and 54 Dearborn st.
[See Chicago Athenaeum.] Open week days from 8 A. M. to 9 P. M. Visitors
are welcome.
Chicago Branch of I. T. and M. Society Library. The library of the Chi-
cago Branch of the International Tract and Missionary Society is located at
26 and 28 College place.
Chicago Historical Society Library. Located at 142 Dearborn ave., North
Side. President, Edward J. Mason; vice-presidents, Gep. W. Smith, A. C.
McClurg; secretary and librarian, John Moses. Open daily from 9 A. M. to 5
p. \c. Take North Clark st. cable line. This is one of the most interesting
and at the same time one of the most neglected, and perhaps, generally speak-
ing, the least known of the important institutions thathave grown up in Chicago.
Hyde Park Lyceum. Located at 136 Fifty-third st., former town of
Hyde Park. This is a library and reading room, to which visitors are
invited.
Illinois Tract Society Library. Located at 26-28 College pi. This library
and reading room is conducted by the Second Adventists.
Lincoln St. M. E. Free Library. Located at South Lincoln and Ambrose
sts.
John Crerar Library, The. This library, which at no very remote period
will be one of the grandest in Chicago, does not exist at present, but is pro-
vided for in the fiftieth clause of the will of the late John Crerar, a wealthy
merchant of Chicago (who died in 1890), which reads as follows : " Recog-
nizing the fact that I have been a resident of Chicago since 1862, and that
the greater part of my fortune has been accumulated here, and acknowledg-
THE ENCYCLOPEDIA
381
ing with hearty gratitude the kindness whfck has always been extended to
me by ray many friends and by my business and social acquaintances
and associates, I give, devise and bequeath all the rest, remainder
and residue of my estate, both real and personal, for the erec-
tion, creation, maintenance O5 endowment of a free public library
to be called ' THE JOHN CRE/^AR LIBRARY,' and to be located in the
city of Chicago, Illinois ; a preference being given to the South Division o^f
the city, inasmuch as the Newberry library will be located in the North Divi-
sion. I direct that my executors and trustees cause an act of incorporation
under the laws of Illinois to be procured to carry out the purposes of this
bequest, and I request that Norman Williams be made the first president
thereof, and that in addition to rny executors and trustees the following
named friends of mine will act as the first board of directors in such corpora-
tion and aid and assist my executors and trustees therein, namely : Marshall
Field, E. W. Blatchford, T. B. Blackstone, Robert T. Lincoln, Henry W.
Bishop, Edward G. Mason, Albert Keep, Edson Keith, Simon J. McPherson,
John M. Clark and George A. Armour, or their survivors. I desire the build-
ing to be tasteful, substantial and fire-proof, and that a sufficient fund be
reserved over and above the cost of its construction to provide, maintain and
support a library for all time. I desire the books and periodicals selected
with a view to create and sustain a healthy moral and Christian sentiment in
the community, and that all nastiness and immorality be excluded. I do not
mean by this that there shall not be anything but hymn books and sermons,
but I mean that * * * and all skeptical trash and works of questionable
moral tone shall never be found in this library. I want its atmosphere that
of Christian refinement and its aim and object the building up of character,
and I rest content that the friends I have named will carry out my wishes in
these particulars."- This bequest, it is estimated, willamounttoabout$2,000,-
000.
Newberry Library. Temporarily located on the northwest corner of Oak
and State sts., North Side. Take North State street or North Clark street
car. The entire block bounded by Clark and Oak streets, Dearborn avenue
and Walton Place, is the site of the permanent building, now being erected.
It fronts south on Walton Place; and directly opposite is Washington
Square, an open public park. The building is three hundred feet long
and sixty feet wide, and one of the most attractive architectural structures
in the city. It has the capacity of storing and using a million volumes.
The block measures about 67,000 feet, and only a portion of it will be covered
by the first structure. The three other fronts will be built upon in the
future when the growth of the library requires larger accommodations. The
location, known as the " Ogden Block," formerly contained one large wooden
mansion house, which after the great fire oM 871 was pointed out to visitors
as being the only building on the North Side which was saved from the
fire.
A REFERENCE LIBRARY. The Newberry Library circulates no books,
and is used only as a reference library, as is the Astor Library of New York,
the British Museum of London, the Bibliotheque Nationale of Paris, anfl
nearly all the great libraries of the world. Readers use books only in the
building, where the most ample accommodations will be furnished when the
building is completed. Limited accommodations are now provided for
382 GUIDE TO CHICAGO.
readers in the temporary building. It is a public and free institution in the
largest sense. No introductions ror fees of any description are required,
and no inquiries are made as to the place of the reader's residence. Any visi-
tor from any quarter of the globe receives the same privileges and attentions
as the residents of Chicago.
FOUNDER OF THE LIBKARY. The founder of the institution was Mr.
Walter L. Newberry, one of the early settlers, on the North Side, and a
large owner of real estate. By his will he endowed it with property, largely
real estate, valued from two and a half to three million dollars, which is con-
stantly increasing in value.
PRESENT COLLECTION. As it is a new library, and as yet without a per-
manent building, the interest attached to it pertains more to its future develop-
ment than to its present acquisition. The purchase of books begun about
four years ago in limited quantities. The collection now numbers about 80,-
000 volumes, and is chiefly in the line of scientific and scholarly works;
scarcely any attention has been given to what is termed popular reading, inas-
much as the Chicago Public Library freely supplies this class of literature.
The chief aim has been to procure works which other libraries do not supply.
Its department of bibliography is very full, and one of the best in the coun-
try. It has made a specialty of music, and has the scores of all the great
masters. Its collection of oratorios, operas and cantatas is very large; and
Avorks on the history, theory and science of music, the biographies of musi-
cians and the history of musical instruments are quite complete. The
antiquities of music are very fully represented in a valuable library purchased
entire in Florence, Italy, in which is the first opera ever publicly performed,
and was printed in Florence in 1600. Mr. Theodore Thomas and Mr. Walter
Damrosch say this is the laigest and most valuable musical library in the
country.
RECENT ACQUISITIONS Good progress has been made in procuring com-
plete sets of the rare and expensive scientific serials of Europe. Recently the
valuable private library of a gentleman in Cincinnati has been purchased,
who had been a zealous collector of the earliest editions of classical writers, of
Shakespeare, Dante, Petrarch and others, of the early printers before ir>00, of
elegant illustrated works, and art-bindings from the time of Grolier to that
of Trantz-Bauzonnet and Bedford. When the new building is completed an
exhibition of art book binding can be made which will be most interesting.
The Trustees are E. W. Blatchford and Wm. H. Bradley, and the libra-
rian, Wm. F. Poole, L.D.
Pullman Public Library. Located at 73 and 75 Arcade Building, Pull-
man. [See Pullman.]
Ravenswood Public Library .-^Loc&ieA at Commercial and Salger sis.,
Ravenswood. [See Ravenswood.]
South Chicago Public Library. Located in the Bowen School Building,
Ninety-third st. and Houston ave.
Union Catholic Library. Located at 94 Dearborn st. Conducted by
the Catholic Library Association: founded in 1868. Present membership
31'), number of volumes 2.500. Officers: Charles T. Mais, president; John E.
Murphy, vice-president; Frank II. Graham, recording secretary. The library
rooms are fitted up comfortably. Tt ere is seating capacity for almost four
hundred persons. The Association is constantly adding to the number of
volumes on the shelves of its library. Open from 12 M. to 6 P. M. Sundays
from 3 to 6 P. M.
THE ENCYCLOPEDIA.. 383
Western New Church Library. Located at 17 Van Buren st. Open 9
A. M. tO 5 P. M.
Wheeler Library. Located at 1113 Washington blvd., in Western Theo-
logical Seminar}-.
[For other libraries, see " Clubs," " Educational Institutions, "etc.]
LIFE-SAVING STATIONS.
Chicago Life- Saving Station. Northwest corner of the harbor, upon
iiJinois Central railroad land. It occupies 40 by 75 feet. This Ration is
looked upon here and at Washington as being a disgrace to the service. Plans
are formed which will shortly give Chicago the finest life-saving station in the
world. The Superintendent of the Life-Saving Service is strongly in favor of
the improvement. Capt. T. St. Peter commanding.
Evanston Life-Saving Station. Located on the lake shore of the suburb
of Evauston, on the Northwestern University grounds. The crew is com-
posed of students of the University, and is commanded by Captain Lawrence
O. Lawson, an experienced seaman. The crew consists of the following, the
classes from which they will graduate being indicated: Stroke, F. M. Kindig,
'92; No. 2, E. B. Fowler, '93; No. 3, W. M. Ewing, '93; No. 4, J. A. Loin-
ing, '95; No. 5, W. L. Wilson, '92; No. 6, R. N. Holt, '93; No. 7. W. W. Wil-
kinson, '94. Theaverage age of the members of thecrew is twenty two years,
but they are all sturdy, muscular, well-formed and fearless young men. The
Evanston life-saving station has long been recognizi d by the naval board as
one of the finest, best-drilled stations in the country. It has an enviable record,
having saved and assisted to shore over two hundred and forty-five human
beings. In 1889 the station did more work and saved more lives (or, as
modest Captain Lawson puts it, "assisted ashore more people") than all the
twenty -two stations on the lakes accomplished in ihe two previous years, and
more lives were saved that year by the Evanston crew than any other station
in the country, except the one at Lewes, Del. The wonder and admiration
increases when the youth of the life-savers is considered and the fact known
that, excepting two who come from Chicago, all are from inland towns of the
West Illinois, Michigan and Icdiana. When not pursuing their regular
course of studies at the University, these student life savers are occupied in
drilling with the beach apparatus, with the lifeboat, and in patrolling the
beach. On Tuesday they drill with the boats; Wednesday is occupied in
practicing the international code of signals with flags ; Thursday the beach
apparatus, with its Lyle line gun, breeches buoy and tackle, is taken out; on
Friday the men go through the movements of resuscitation, or reviving per-
sons nearly drowned; Saturday is housecleaning day; Sunday, church;and
Monday, a day of rest. This is a regular U. S. Government station, the men
doing the same work and receiving the same salaries as the other lake stations.
LIGHTHOUSES.
Chicago Light. Chicago light is located on the inner pier, north side of
Chicago river; was established in 1859; is a third order fixed white light,
in a black skeleton iron tower; visible sixteen miles. This is the principal
one of seven lights maintained by the government as aids to navigation near
384 GUIDE TO CHICAGO.
the mouth of the Chicago river, The harbor here is the most important on
the lakes, with a greater average number of daily arrivals and departures
during the season of navigation than any other in the United States. This
city is in the ninth light-house district, with Commander Charles E. Clark,
United States Navy, as inspector, and Major William Ludlow, of the Corps
of Engineers, United States Army, as engineer. The eleventh district for-
merly embraced the three great lakes Michigan, Huron, and up to the
national line of Superior. The ninth is a division of the eleventh district. It
includes all aids to navigation on Lake Michigan, Green Bay and tributary
waters lyjng west of a line drawn across the Straits of Mackinac at the nar-
rowest part east of McGulpin's Point light station. Since the boundary of the
district was established a fog signal has been placed at Old Mackinac Point,
in the Straits, which is also included in the ninth district.
Orib and Breakwater Lights. There are twolightson the old breakwater,
both established in 1876; one of these, the south light, is a fifth order light,
and the north is a lens lantern. At the new break water there are three lights,
tubular lanterns, tended by two laborers. The light on the old north pier is
a sixth order light, and has a fog bell struck by machinery. Calumet light,
at South Chicago, is on the outer end of the pier north of Calumet river,
eleven miles southeast of Chicago breakwater. It is a fourth order light, red,
thirty-three feet above lake level, and is visible about twelve miles. It was
established in 1873. Formerly it was in a tower rising above a structure on
shore, but was in 1876 removed to its present quarters, which is fully a mile
out on the pier. A beacon light is established at the old Crib. This light-
house is provided and maintained by the city of Chicago.
Grosse Point Light. The best light and light-house near Chicago is that
at Grosse Point, just north of Evanston. It was established in 1873, and as it
now stands complete has probably cost the Government more than $100,000,
in addition to the expense of maintenance. Grosse Point light is a second
order, fixed white coast light, varied by a red flash every three minutes,
theregularity of the flashes being controlled by clock-work. The "lantern"
is a prismatic lens, equaling in power 163 candles, and this feature of the
outfit alone cost $15,000. The tower, from the water's level to the center of
the lens, is 120 feet, being built of brick and having ninety-nine piles placed
beneath the stone foundation.
MILITARY.
in Chicago are located the headquarters of the Military Department of
the Missouri. The U. S. Military offices are located in the Pullman building,
southwest corner of Michigan ave. and Adams street, Lake Front. General
Phjlip H. Sheridan was for many years the Division Commander here. He
was followed by Genls. Schofield, Terry and Crooke. Gen. Nelson A. Miles
is now the commanding officer. The Department of the Missouri embraces
the States of Michigan, Wisconsin. Indiana, Illinois, Missouri, Kansas and
Arkansas, and Oklahoma and the Indian territories.
U. S. OFFICERS IN CHICAGO. The following is a complete list of the
THE ENCYCLOPEDIA.
385
United States officers stationed in this city, together with their places of resi-
dence.
-
RESIDENCE.
Maj. Gen. Nelson A. Miles
Capt Eli L Huygius
U. S. A
2dCav
1st Inf
A. G. Dept.
I. G. Dept
9th Inf
Commanding Dept.
Aide-de-camp
Aide-de-camp
As?t. Adjt. Gen'l ..
Inspector Gen'l
Asst. to Insp. Gen'l
Act'g Judge Adv . .
Chief Qr. Master .
Chief Com. of Sub.
Medical Director.
Chief Paymaster. . .
Engineer Officer
I. S. A. Practice
The Virginia.
The Virginia.
The Virginia.
The Virginia.
105 Pine street.
430 N. Clark street.
130 Pine street.
410 Oak street.
68 Bellevue Place.
The Virginia.
The Virginia.
4138 Lake ave.
430 N. State street.
483 "A" LaSalleave.
3 Tower Place,
136 Judson ave*.
Capt. Marion P. Maus
Bvt. Brig. Gen. C. McKeever..
Col. Edward M. Heyl
Bvt. Lieut. Col. Edmund Rice
Bvt. Brig. Gen. J. D. Bingham
Bvt. Brig. Gen. M. R. Morgan
Col. Bernard J. D. Irwin ..
Col. Win. A. Rucker .
Capt. Wm. L. Marshall .
Capt Prank D. Baldwin . .
5th Inf
Q. M. Dept .
Sub. Dept...
Med. Dept..
Pay Dept. ...
Corps Eng's.
5th Inf
Maj. Gilbert C. Smith
Lieut, Col. Ely McCleilan. .
Major, George W. Candee.
Lieut. Col. Thos.C. Sullivan .
Capt. Edward G. Mathey ...
Capt . A It'red Morton
Q M. Dept..
Med. Dept..
Pay Dept . . .
Sub. Dept...
7th Cav.. ..
9th Inf
Asst. to C.Quar'm'r
Attending Surgeon.
Paymaster ...
Depot Com. Sub. . .
Recruiting Officer. .
Recruiting Officer . .
4040 Vincennes ave.
760, 67th street.
* Evanston, Illinois.
FT. SHERIDAN. A United States military post, situated on the Milwaukee
Division of the Chicago & Northwestern railroad, twenty-five miles or about
one hour's ride from the city. Take train at Wells St. depot, Wells and Kin-
zie streets, North Side. The situation of the fort, on the north shore of Lake
Michigan, is very beautiful. " During the labor troubles of 1887, and the riots
and disturbances of that year, the attention of the government was called to
the necessity of establishing a military post near Chicago, from which a suf-
ficient force might be summoned in case of emergency, to assist in the main-
tenance of order, or in quelling unusual disturbances. The result of the
movement in Chicago was the purchase, by voluntary subscription, of a mag-
nificent tract of land, situated twenty-five miles north of the Court House,
quickly accessible by railroads and comprising 500 acres. The immediate
proximity of Lake Michigan as well as the topographical features of this tract
made it specially available for the permanent abode of a considerable military
force. This land was made a free gift to the National Government on condi-
tion that a permanent military post be established on it. The Government
accepted this proposition, and a provisional camp was almost immediately
erected, and two companies of the Sixth Infantry were stationed there. Since
then, numerous permanent buildings, officers' quarters, barracks, guard house,
mess houses, stables, etc., have been erected.
Fort Sheridan is commanded by Col. Robert E. A. Crofton, of the 15th In-
fantry. The troops stationed there at present are the 15th Regiment of Infantry
and Light Battery E, of the 1st Regiment of Artillery. The officers stationed at
th fort areas follows: Colonel It. E. A. Crofton, Lieut-Col. S. Ovenshine,
Major C. M. Bailey, 1st Lieut. J. A. Mancy, r. qm., 1st Lieut. G. F. Cooke, adjt.
h'dqrs 15th inf. ; Captain A. Capron, 1st. Lieut. A. Todd, 1st Lieut. J. L. Cham-
berlain, 2d Lieut. J. L. Hayden, 2d Lieut. D. Skerrett, Light Battery E, 1st art.;
Captain H. R. Brinkerhoff, 1st Lieut. J. Cotter, 3d Lieut. W. H. Bertsch,
Co. A, 15th inf.; Captain E. S. Chapin, 1st Lieut. W. T.May, 2d Lieut. R. L.
Bush, Co. B. 15th inf.; Captain C. H. Conrad, 1st Lieut. E. Lloyd, 2d Lieut
386 GUIDE TO CHICAGO.
H. J. Hunt, Co. C, 15th inf.; Captain W. D. Hartz, 1st Lieut. A. R. Paxton,
2d Lieut. H. J. Hirsch, Co. D, 15th inf.; Captain H. H. Humphrey
1st Lieut, B. C. Welsh, 2d Lieut. M. Maxwell, Co. E, 15th inf.; Captain A.
Hedberg, 1st Lieut. S. S. Pague, 2d Lieut. H. L. Jackson, Co. F, 15th inf.;
Captain G. A. Cornish, 1st Lieut. W. F. Blauvelt, 2d Lieut. J. Mitchell, Co.
G, loih inf.; Captain C. McKibbin, 1st Lieut. T. F. Davis, Co. H, 15th inf.;
Captain G. K. McGunnegJe, 1st Lieut. D. D. Mitchell, 2d Lieut. R. C.
Williams, Co. I, 15th inf. ; Captain S. R. Stafford, 1st Lieut, W. N. Blow, Jr.,
Co. K, Major A. C. Girard, surgeon; 1st Lieut. C. F. Kieffer, assistant
surgeon; H. L. Raskin, Acting-Assistant Surgeon.
Captain Francis B. Jones, assistant quartermaster U. S. army, is in charge
of construction of public buildings at the post. When the new buildings are
all completed about 600 men will be permanently stationed at Fort Sheridan.
The work has progressed far enough to make the post worthy of a visit.
Rock MandArsenal. Take Chicago and Rock Island Railway. Located
on a beautiful island in the Mississippi river, midway in its course between
St. Louis and St. Paul, and set between the flourishing cities of Moline, Dav-
enport, and Rock Island, it commands a position which may be called strate-
getical int'ue facilities possessed for the rapid distribution of supplies.
For a quarter of a century thearsenal has been in a state of absolute peace.
The meager government appropriations have been chitfly expended in beau-
tifying the domain, in carrying out the chimerical or impracticable schemes
for utilizing the water power, or in erecting great rows of massive stone
buildings, which have never been put to their designed uses in the manufac-
ture of the implements of war. But the island has been a perpetual delight
in its free uses as a pleasure park. During the war theisland was used as a
military prison, and from 1863 to the close of the war upwards of 12,000 Con-
federate soldiers were confined there. Of that number 2,000 died and were
buried nn the island, but no mound or stone marked the place where they
rest. The ground has all been leveled off, the very spot is well nigh lost, and
their lives have been merged into the indistinguishable woof of the eternal
life. Scrupulously cared for by a small detachment the great arsenal needs
only the encouragement of liberal appropriation and the incentive of military
necessity to start into vigorous life and make it the depot for an enormous
traffic in the production of arms and accoutrements for an army in the field.
Illinois National Guard. The report of Adjutant-General Jasper N.
Reece. for 1891, to the Secretary of War, shows the aggregate strength of the
Illinois National Guard to be 4,389, officers and enlisted men, armed and
^uipped for active service with the same rifles and accoutrements as the
regular establishment. The military force of the State is in a satisfactory
state of discipline and efficiency, and will be found competent to successfully
compete with any emergency that may arise. The adoption of the new
system of drill regulations for the regular army and the militia of the
United States has made it necessary for all officers and men to^gain enter
the ABC class of military instruction; but the energetic, voluntary appli-
cation of the members of the military force of the State to master the lessons
thus prescribed by the commander-in-chief will soon make the new drill
regulations as familiar to our companies and regiments as was "Upton" in
its time. The^Illinois National Guard is now the holder of the celebrated
Washburn trophy, which was won after a most exciting and close contest, in
1891, by the following score: Illinois, 2,677; Wisconsin, 2,669; Minnesota,
THE ENCYCLOPEDIA. 387
2,582, and Iowa, 2,538. This trophy will be contested for again this year.
The Governor of the State is commauder-in-chief of the Illinois National
Guard under the law. Brigadier-General Jasper N. Heece, is adjutant-
general, and ex-officio quartermaster-general, commissary-general, chief of
ordnance and chief of- staff. Brigadiers-General Charles Fitz Simons com-
mands the First brigade, with headquarters at room 910 Pullman building,
The First infantry (Colonel Charles R. E. Koch, commanding) is located in its
magnificent armory, corner Michigan boulevard and Sixteenth street. The
Second infantry (Colonel Louis S. Judd, commanding) has two battalions on
Washington boulevard, West Side, and one battalion in the armory, 135
Michigan avenue. Battery D (four 12 Ib. Napoleons and four rapid tiring
Gaitliug guns), Captain E. P. Tobey, commanding, is located in its armory
on the Lake front. Cavalry Troop A, Captain Paul B. Lino, commanding,
is quartered in the Second infantry armory, 135 Michigan avenue; and
Company C, Third infantry, Captain Thomas Ford, commanding, have their
hone with Bittery D. Colonel Wm. S. Brackett, inspector-general,
Jefferson Hodgkin, William H. Rose, E. S. Weeden and Charles P. Bryan,
aids-de camp on the Governor's staff, all reside in Chicago.
A board of officers has been created to inaugurate and carry to a success-
ful conclusion an inter-national rifle competition during the progresi of the
World's Columbian Exposition, 1893.
FIRST BRIGADE, GENERAL AND STAFF. Headquarters Pullman building,
cor. Michigan avenue and Adams street.; Brigadier-General Charles Fitz
Simons, commanding; Asa't Adj't General, Lieut. Col. Henry B. Maxwell ;
Ass't Inspector General, Lieut. Col. F. Ziegfeld; Judge Advocate, Lieut. Col.
Farlin Q. Ball; Inspector Rifle Practice, Lieut. Col. E. A. Potter; Surgeon,
Major John W. Streeter; Quartertttaster, Capt. Horace Tucker; Adjt. Com-
missary Subsistence, Capt. Edward T. Glennon; Aides, Lieut Geo. T. Love-
joy, F. O. Bartlett.
First Regiment I. N. &. Organized in August, 1874. At the first
meeting held in behalf of the undertaking forty-eight men enrolled them-
selves. In January, 1875, having grown into seven companies, the regiment
took quarters on Lake street, adopted its uniform the same it wears to-day
and received its equipment of arms from Springfield; In February of that year
the regiment was assembled and bivouacked in the armory during the Relief and
Aid Society riotous demonstration. On May 13th it made its first public appear-
ance with 520 men in line. Since that day its popularity has never waned. In
1877, during the railroad riots, the regiment twice dispersed mobs at the point
of the bayonet without firing a shot. In 1878 the First removed to itsarmory on
Jackson street. During the riots of November, 1886, at the Union Stock
yards and other points in the city the regiment was called into service to
quell disorder. Since then its history has been one of peace and continued
prosperity. The enrollment at present is 650 men. Upon the rolls of the
regiment is no small number of names which have won renown on bloody
fields. Among its past commanders are: Gen. Alexander C. McClurg, Col.
George R. Davis, Col. Edgar D. Swain, Gen. Charles Fitz Simons, and the
late Col. Edward B. Kupx, who, after exemplifying his patriotism on the
battle-fields of Gettysuurg and Spotisylvaniu. and utter having lived the life
of a pure, upright man of peace, rests, his warfare over forever. Charles R. E.
388 GUIDK TO CHICAGO.
Koch, the present colonel commanding the First, is in appearance the essence
of chivalry and soldiership. Like his predecessors, he is a war veteran, and,
aided by his experience, makes the best of officers. In the business conduct
of the regiment he is untiling and successful. Behind him, loyal, devoted
and enthusiastic, the First stands a solid unit. Henry Lathrop Turner, lieu-
tenant-colonel, saw service during the war before Richmond, at Fair Oaks,
Fort Fislier, and elsewhere, as a first lieutenant, regimental adjutant, and as
aid-de-camp on a brigade staff, lu peace he has achieved some prominence
as a writer. He has been president of the real estate board and is a trustee of
Oberlin College, the institution from which he graduated. Maj. Taylor E.
Brown rendered valuable aid in the collection of the new armory fund. Maj.
Charles Adams, of the Cook County Hospital, is regimental surgeon. Capt.
Chas. G. Fuller is regimental surgeon. Capt. Henry Sherry, a well-known
M. D., assistant surgeon. Capt. W. L. DeRemer, adjutant, is a crack shot.
Capt. Charles G. Bolte, inspector of rifle practice, a Canadian by birth, is a
faithful officer. The First regiment, with its membership drawn from the
best young manhood of Chicago, with its enterprise and its success, is a credit
to the city and deserves the good words and support of citizens. Its colors
are not emblazoned with the record of battles won and campaigns endured.
Scarcely any military body of the world to-day in its personnel can boast of
much service. When duty has called, the First has been ready and has re-
sponded. The possibilities of military usefulness the regiment can claim,
the elements of good citizenship, patriotism, soldiery training need but cir-
cumstances demanding action to make for it a record of heroism.
FIELD AND STAFF OFFICERS. Colonel, Chas. R. E. Koch; Lieut. -colonel,
Henry L. Turner; majors, Taylor E. Brown, Elliott Durand, Joseph B. San-
born; surgeon. Major Chas. G. Fuller; Asst. surgeon, Capt. Henry Sherry;
adjutant, Capt. W. L. DeRemer; quartermaster, First Lieut. A. L. Bell;
inspector rifle practice, Capt Chas. G. Bolte; chaplain, Rev. H. W. Thomas;
Co. A, Capt. Benj. F. Patrick, Jr.; Co. B, Capt. Edward R. Gilman; Co. C,
Capt. Geo. W. Ford; Co. I), Capt. J, H. Barnett; Co. E, Capt. Wm. F.
Knoch; Co. F, Capt. J. H. Eddy; Co. G, Capt. Geo. W. Bristol; Co. H,
Capt. Edward C. Young; Co. I, Capt. F. W. Chenoweth; Co. K, Lieut.
Henry J. Moore commanding; Co. L, Capt. Edgar B. Tolman; Co. M, Capt.
Edward H. Switzer.
Standing and Personnel of the Regiment. The First Regiment is composed
principally of young men who have a taste for military duties and a love of
military discipline. They represent, in many instances, the oldest and Lest
families of Ctiicago. In a city like Chicago there is no distinctive " leisure
class." Everybody is employed in some department of life. The unem-
ployed are the exception, particularly the voluntarily unemployed. No man
is so rich that he does not feel the necessity of making provision for his sons,
beyond that which is stipulated in his will. The changes of fortune are
too frequent and too sudden not to impress the wealthiest with ihe fact
that wealth is fleeting in this city. Hence the foreign visitor will be
compelled to make a distinction here which he is apt to overlook in
his own country. No estate is protected by the law of entailment,
and the heir of a millionaire may be compelled some time in life to
step into one of the professions or into a mercantile pursuit, to insure
a respectable living. It is well for him if he have the talent and thfi
training that will qualify him for either. So when "best families" arc
THE ENCYCLOPEDIA. 389
(
spoken of, families of respectability are meant, not families of wealth.
The First Regiment is composed of young men, then, who represent families
of respectability, and who are, generally speaking, regarded as respectable
themselves. From a society point of view the First Regiment stands high.
From a military point of view the regiment is regarded as one of the best
in the country. It has been put to severe tests at times, and has never yet
acquitted itself discreditably. It must be remembered that a sense of honor
alone holds the regiment together in times of public tumult.
NEW ARMORY. Located at the northeast corner of Sixteenth street and
Michigan avenue. Take Wabash avenue cable line. First occupied by the
Regiment, Sept. 17, 1891, in celebration of the seventh anniversary of the
completion of the Regimental organization. It is perhaps the most mas-
sive structure in Chicago. Heavy stone work rises on each of the four
sides to the height of thirty-five feet, and is unbroken save by the warlike
sally port, through which an army might march in company front. This
great doorway is in feeling with the strength and beauty of the whole. An
arch in form, it spreads at the base forty feet and supports a keystone thirty-
five feet above the sidewalk. The massive oak and steel portcullis, suggesting
memories of a mediaeval fortress, rests back of the embrasures in the thick-
ness of the walls, protected by firing slots on both sides. Above the
stonework the walls are built into battlements, and four turrets at the corners.
Consonant With the design of the armory the windows are narrow and
strengthened by steel and iron, being but well-guarded ports for riflemen.
An enfilading fire can be directed throughout the force of each of the four
sides of the structure, and a force entering the armory for refuge need fear
nothing smaller than heavy artillery.
The architects, Burnham & Root, have also achieved a notable success in
the interior arrangements. The space covered by the building, one hundred
and sixty-four by one hundred and seventy-four feet gave room* for a very
large drill hall on the first floor. It is surrounded by galleries for visitors
and contains the stairways reaching to the second floor, where are the
quarters of the field and staff, with separate and well arranged apartments
for the colonel, lieutenant-colonel, adjutant and their orderlies, for the
majors, quartermasters and orderlies, the surgeons and orderlies and the
chaplain. Opening on the wide gallery are the company quarters and above
the squad drill rooms. There is also a banquet hall, thirty by fifty feet, at
the west end of the building, and on the third floor quarters for non-
commissioned officers and orderlies attached to special service, a vetrans'
room, a gymnasium and a drum corps' room. Everything is in brick, stone,
heavy dark oak and iron.
The armory, which is the best building of the kind in the United States,
was built largely by subscription, and will be cared for by a board of trustees,
consisting of A. G Van Schaick, president; Colonel C. R. E. Koch, vice-
president; C. L. Hutchinson, treasurer; Lieutenant colonel Henry L.
Turner, secretary; J. J. Mitchell, Lieutenant A. L. Bell and H. H. Kohlsaat.
Marshall Field, with his usual princely generosity, gave the regiment a
ninety-nine years' lease of the ground the building stands on at a mere
nominal rental. The gift amounts to fully half a million dollars.
BATTERY D, FIRST ARTILLERY. Armory located at present on Michigan
avenue, north of Exposition Building. Captain, E. P. Tobey; First Lieut.,
F. S. Allen; Second, Alfred Russell; Junior Second Lieutenant, Wm. M.
Austin.
390
GUIDE TO CHICAGO.
Second Regiment I.N. G. This regiment was oganized in 1875. Armories
located at Washington boulevard and Curtis street, and 135 Michigan avenue.
This regiment was originally composed of ten companies, and its first colo-
nel was James Quirk. A few years later, owing to the reduction of the
militia by the legislature, the Second was consolidated with the Sixth bat-
talion, and the colonelcy was contested by the commandants of the respect-
ive organizations, Col. Quirk, of the old Secoad, and Col. W. H. Thompson,
of the Sixth, and, after a spirited campaign, the honor fell to Col. Thomp-
son. The regiment under Col. Thompson had varying fortunes. In 1884 he
resigned, and Col. Harris A. Wheeler was elected to the command. From
this important period in its history the success of the regiment dates. Col.
Wheeler may well be called the "Father of the Second." He revived its
drooping spirits, new recruits were brought in, and the personnel oi the
command improved; but the work of bringing order out of chaos was tre-
mendous, and only the old-timers of the Second can appreciate the value and
amount of work that was done by " the grand old man." Hampered by a
miserable barracks, the regiment had dwindled down in numbers, and, poorly
uniformed, it is a wonder that it lived at all. But the men and officers were
made of the right stuff, and the small glimmer of hope that had led them on
burst into the flame of realization and success. The first important work of
Col Wheeler was the establishment of the regiment in its present home at
Washington boulevard and Curtis street, where the command, after its wan-
derings, found a permanent abiding place. Following is the full roster of
officers according to rank, with date of commission:
FIELD AND STAFF OFFICERS.
Co.
BATE COM.
Co.
DATE COM.
Colonel
July 10, 1890
Ellsworth G. Bowen.
MiloH. Lehman
L
F
July 6, 1891
July 7, 1891
.^OU^ . " uau
Wm. T. Bog'g 1
f\
Oct 14, 1891
Wra. D. Hotchkiss . . .
Majors
July 10, 1890
Feb. 1, 1890
Fir^t Lieu tenants
John T. McConnick.
Edward E. Allen. ...
K
M
March 10, 1890
April 14,1890
Chas. P. Wi-if>-ht.......
Janic? E. Stuart . .
Captain and Adjutant-
George C. Gobet
1st Lieut, and Quarter-
master
Fred W. Laos
AUK. 14, i890
Nov. 13,1890
July 20,1890
Dec. 3, 1891
Benj.E. Mendelsohn.
Geo. I. Meehan
Francis W. Bell.
Hcaben D. Coy .
John Mclntosh .
Elbert B Eddy
Benj. G. Boweii.
Philip Samuel
G
B
H
C
F
L
D
A
May 6, 1890
Sept. 3, 1890
Sept. 9, 1890
June 17, 1891
July 7, 1891
July 6,1891
Sept. 29, 1891
Oct. 14, 1891
July 20 1890
T
F
Clarence VV. Leifffi .
Capr. and Chaplain-
lit. Re v.Sam. Fallows.
July 20,1890
Oct. 20, 1890
Second Lieutenants-
Cornelius P. Hayes
Alex. J. Wagner
G
I
R
July 22,1890
Sept. 1, lt-90
Sept. 3, 1^90
Wm. E. Hoinville ..
Wm. P. Dust-nberry .
I-M ward J.Uemick .
Wm. B.Alexander..
\Villis MoFeely. ..
John H. Intr-aham.
Aimer H. Wells
I
E
K
M
(i
B
H
jj
Oct. 9, 1837
Feb. 10,1890
Mar. li, 189.)
Apr. 14,1890
July 22, ]8'JO
.luiv 23, 189i
Sept. 9, 1390
Nov 12 1890
.THines J. Butler . . .
1 1 ar vey A . W right
Martin Clasby. . . .
Fred I). Shiras. ...
Geo. Greenbiirg..
John J. Garrity.. .
D
L
F
C
E
H
K
AT
Nov. V.i, 1WO
April 13, 1891
July 7, 1891
July 15, 1391
Jan. 18, !892
Oct. 13, 189 L
Wm.T. Hardenbrook
C
Jan. 14, 1891
Clarence H. Shaw..
A
Oct. 14, 1891
THE ENCYCLOn.'PIA.
Dr. Florence Ziegfeld was elected to succeed Col. Wheeler February 1,
1890. Col. Ziegfeld remained but a short time, being succeeded by the
lieutenant-colonel, Louis S. Judd. With the election of Louis S. Judd to the
colonelcy the regiment entered into a new era of prosperity. After the regi-
ment had lost such a signally successful leader as Col. Wheeler, much specu-
lation was rife as to the fate of his successor; but uncertainty gave way to
certainty when the selection of Col. Judd was announced. His career of
seven years as a line officer was a guarantee that the regiment had once again
gotten a leader worthy of the position. Col. Judd has a long and honorable
record in the State service, and his promotion is a just tribute to his services.
He was one of the organizers of the National Guard Officers' Association,
which has worked many benefits to the Guard. One of the colonel's best
points is his thorough mastery of details, which fact is making itself felt in
the closer organization of the regiment and the improvements that are being
made in the armory. The comfort and convenience of the command seems
to be his constant care. The colonel has surrounded himself with a com-
petent staff, which is made up of men who have proved their efficiency in the
service of the State and their loyalty in the service of the regiment.
The regiment is thoroughly equippad, having both fatigue and regula-
tion dress uniforms. With a membership of 950 it is the largest command in
the West, and is in every sense of the word a first-class national guard organ-
ization. Cbicago should feel proud of it, as it is an example of the pluck and
energy of vigorous and patriotic American manhood.
SECOND REGIMENT BAND. This splendid organization numbers ninety
pieces, including field music (the drum, fife and bugle corps). Band-master
Fred Weldon is the moving spirit, and the high artistic standing of the band
is due to his efforts and ability. Mr. Weldon has brought out some notable
compositions of his own, his march numbers being particularly fine, thus
securing to his organization original music, and not played by any other band
in the country. Two different sets of dress uniforms guarantee a presentable
appearance.
Cavalry Troop A. Only troop of Cavalry belonging to Illinois National
Guard. Organized Juue 3,1891. Headquarters 135 Michigan avenue, num-
bers Co men. Each man in this coujparsy owns his own horse. Officers as
follows: Capt. Paul B. Lino; first lieut., Geo. C. Lenke; second lieut.,
Frederick Boyer; first sergeant, Thos. Palmer; second sergeant, B. Grumau;
third sergeant, Geo. Smith; fourth, sergeant, Frederick Boltz; fifth sergeant,
Clias. Peters; quartermaster sergeant, S. Silverman; Commissary, Otta Dietrich;
Corporal, Steve Ackeimaii; second corporal, Chas. Maager; third corporal,
Geo. Frantzen; fourth corporal, Chas. W. Knil; Farrier, Frank L. Lade;
Saddler, Harry Goodison.
Other Military Organizations. It is estimated that there are 50,000 thor-
oughly drilled men in Chicago, outside of the regular organizations, who,
in an emergency would be qualified to take the field as trained soldiers. These
are principally members of the military department of the Masonic, Odd Fel-
lows and Knights of Pythias orders. Reference to these organizations, how-
ever, is made under the head of secret societies.
CHICAGO HUSSAKS. A new military organization that has made remark-
able progress. Two years ago the company was practically unknown, but by
the judicious management of its officers it now appears before the people as
392 GUIDE TO CHICAGO.
one of the finest private military organizations in the country After con-
sidering many offers of ground'for the erection of their new armory, Edwin
L. Brand, commander of the company, has purchased a site on Thirty -fifth
street, near Cottage Grove ave. The lot is 100x230 feet, which space will be
entirely covered by the buildings. The club house will be the finest of its kind
in the world, and will be a combination of a club house, armory, riding school,
and stables. In addition to the regular drills there will be riding classes
formed. The members will be taught the regular methods of military riding,
saber exercise, and fencing by a corps of competent instructors. At present
there are forty-one members of the company, each one of whom is the pos-
sessor of a handsome horse. The members say that by the time the world's
fair opens each will have chargers of uniform coal black. This company
has received the appointment by the Director General to the position as spe-
cial Guard of Honor to himself and the National Commission, and will be
detailed by the Director General for special escort duty during the continu-
ance of the Columbian Exposition. Following are the officers: Captain,
Edwin L. Brand; 1st. Lieut., M. L. C. Funkhouser; 2d. Lieut., Joseph B.
Keene. Staff: Adjt., Geo. M. Barbour; Inspector, P. R. McLeod; Judge
Advocate, A. Fouguer; Qr. Master, Charles Ktru; Surg., Stewart Johnstone,
M. D.
Chicago Zouaves. Thos. J. Ford, Capt. The leading Zouave company of
the country, having met and defeated all the other crack Zouave companies in
the United States in competitive prize drills. This company was first organ-
ized as company I of the old Second Regiment by their present captain on
Dec. 3d, 1877. Their last parade as a company of the Second occurring on
Decoration Day of 1881, immediately after which time they disbanded and
reorganized under the above name, making their first appearance in their
handsome new uniforms on Decoration Day, 1882. It was prophesied then
that Chicago had a company of Zouaves that would in the near future fill the
vacancy caused by the disappearance of the once noted Ellsworth Zouaves.
Capt. Ford thinks that his company can rightfully claim the honor of being
the champion Zouave company of the country.
COOK'S CHICAGO LANCERS. A new company of cavalry organized about a
year since; over 100 men are included in the two companies which comprise
the battali' n. Application has been made for admission to the Illinois
National Guard.
ELLSWORTH'S CHICAGO ZOUAVES The famous Ellsworth Zouaves of Chi-
cago were the successors of the National Guard Cadets, organized in 1856;
when on the point of dissolution, Col. Ellsworth re-organized the company
(May, 1858) under the name of United States Zouave Cadets. In 1860 the Zou-
aves, who came to be known as Ellsworth's, made a tour of the country, and
was pronounced the finest military company in the country. The Zouaves
went out of existence shortly after the outbreak of the rebellion, when its
members became scattered. Ellsworth was killed on May 24, 1861, by J. W.
Jackson, the proprietor of the Marshall House at Alexandria, Va.' Jackson
attempted to kill Sergeant Brownell, whom Ellsworth had stationed in one of
the corridors of the hotel while he went up in the observatory to find the location
of the railroad depot. Ellsworth took from the flagstaff a confederate flag that
was flying. While he was in the observatory Jackson and Brownell became
engaged in an altercation. Jackson raised a shotgun to fire at Brownell.
The latter knocked up the barrel, the gun was discharged and Ellsworth,
Sf
THE ENCYCLOPEDIA. 393
who was coming down-stairs at the time, received the shot. He was not only
a brilliant organizer, but a brave man, and he would have left the mark of
his achievements on history's page if he had lived.
EVANSTON ZOUAVES. A military organization of the suburb of Evanston,
composed of young boys of good families, their age running from 13 to 17
years. It is an independent, self-supporting military company. Organized
in 1886 as the '" Evanston Cadets," and were connected with the junior gym-
nasium class of the Young Men's Christian Association. Upton's tactics was
their text-book, and they were thoroughly instructed in the regulation manual
of arms and school of the company. After a few months of hard work their
drill-master moved from the village, and through the influence of Mr. John
H. Nolan, whose son Julien was captain of the company, the cadets were for
tunate enough to secure the attention and services of Capt. T. J. Ford of
the crack Chicago zouaves. He naturally transformed the cadets into zouaves
and the Evauston zouaves became the name of the organization.
Their first public appearance was made in Chicago in the fall of '87,
when they participated in the great Cleveland street parade as porteges of
the Chicago zouaves. The little shavers on that occasion won tremendous
applause from the crowds of spectators, not alone on account of their tender
years, but because of their wonderful steadiness in marching and amazing
skill in duplicating the intricate movements of the older zouave company.
Since then they have given frequent exhibitions for charitable and religious
purposes. The zouaves muster about thirty-six strong, and are commanded
by the following officers: Captain Chas. b. Marshall; lieuienant A. H. Par-
ker, Jr.; second lieutenant, Eugene A. Conkey; first sergeant, Tracy Clark;
second sergeant, Joseph Pierson, and quartermaster, Frank W. Rowland.
The company's armory is in Lyon's hall on Davis street, and it holds
regular weekly drills on Wednesday nights.
Veteran Societies. CHICAGO ASSOCIATION OF UNION EX-PRISONEBS OP
WAR Meets third Mondays at Grand Pacific. President, D.W. Howe; secre-
tary and treasurer F. A. Cleveland, Normal Park. CHICAGO BOARD op
TRADE BATTERY MEMORIAL ASSOCIATION Meets at Armory, 1st Cavalry
Regiment. President, C. I. Dwight; secretary, H. B. Chandler; treasurer,
John B. Hall. CHICAGO MERCANTILE BATTERY VETERAN ASSOCIATION
Officers: J. J. Hamblin, president; George KretMnger, secretary; R Powell,
treasurer Meets at 4 Lake street. CHICAGO UNION VETERAN CLUB Meets
second Mondays at Grand Pacific. President, Colonel Thompson; vice-presi-
dent, A. J. Miksch; secretary, John C. Barker, 62 N. Clark. DANISH VETERAN
SOCIETY Meets second and fourth Fridays at 432 Milwaukee ave. Presi-
dent, J. Z. Alstrup; secretary, Vigga A. Danielson; treasurer, L. M. Hoff-
enblad. EIGHTY-SECOND ILLINOIS VETERAN SOCIETY Meets first Sundays
at StaatsZeitung Bldg. President, J. Bans; treasurer, C. Bock; secretary, A.
Henchel. MEXICAN WAR VETERANS Meets fourth Sundays at Grand Pacific
Hotel. President, P. T. Turnley; vice-president, W. M. Coulter; secretary,
George A. Corgan; treasurer, D. L. Juergens. MCCLELLAN VETERAN CLUB.
Room 14, 40 Dearborn street. Open daily. President, W. C. Newr>erry;
secretary, H. F. Jones; treasurer, D. E. Root. NINETEENTH ILLINOIS VET-
ERAN CLUB Meets second Sundays, 2:30 p. M., at 104 Randolph street,
second floor. President, Jas. Bloomfield; secretary, J. Gaffney; treasurer,
D. F. Bremner. TAYLOR'S BATTERY VETERAN ASSOCIATION Meets at call
394 GUIDE TO CHICAGO.
of secretary. President, S. E. Barrett; treasurer, W. H. Dudley; s ^rotary,
C. W. Pierce, 164 La Salle ^treit. TWENTY-FOURTH ILLINOIS VETERAN
SOCIETY first Sundays at 2 p. M., 171 N. Clark street, President, L. Mat-
tern; corresponding secretary, A. WeLrle; financial secretary, Emil Hoffman;
treasurer, A. Georg. VETERAN UNION LEAGUE, 304 Dearborn street, rooms
third floor. Open daily. Regular meetings first Wednesdays. President,
D. Harry Hammer; treasurer, J. Gross; secretary, W. E. Winholtz.
MISCELLANEOUS INFORMATION.
Abstracts of Titles. The compilations and abridged evidences of owner-
ship of land peculiar to the State of Illinois with the encumbrances, lieus,
clouds or defects in the titles to real estate as these appear of record, are
commonly known as " Abstracts of Title" in the Western States. The first
to enter into the business of making abstracts of title in Chicago was James
H. Rees, who, as far back as 1836, was "Surveyor of the town of Chicago."
He inaugurated the present system about the year 1849 in conjunction with
Edward A. Rucker, an attorney-at-law, whose brother, Henry L., was an.
alderman of that day. The firm of Rees & Rucker was changed to Rees &
Chase in 1852; Mr. Rees taking into partnership Mr. Samuel B. Chase, the
"working clerk" of the old firm, who soon after associated himself with his
brothers, Horace G. and Charles C. Chase. They carried on the business,
Mr. Rees retiring from the concern, under the name of Chase Bros, up to the
time of the great fire of 1871. A new set of " Tract Indices." as these booka
are now called, was opened by Hasbrook Davis and J. Mason Parker, in
1852. They made but few abstracts, however, as they soon sold their books
to Thos. B. Bryan, who again sold a half -interest to John Borden. Bryan &
Borden leased their books to Wm. W. Page, John G. Shortall and Henry H.
Handy, but subsequently, in 1856, sold them to Greenebaum & Guthman.who
continued the business under their name until the books were finally sold to
John G. Shortall and John N. Staples, who made abstracts under the firm
name of John G. Shortall & Co. until Mr. Shortall associated himself with
Louis D. Hoard, the then ex recorder of Cook county, when the firm became
Shortall & Hoard, which continued up to within about a month of the fire,
when the books were leased to Henry H. Handy & Francis Pasdeloup.
Another set of books had in the meantime been started by Fernando Jones &
Co., which firm made abstracts until it changed to Jones & Sellers, with Mr.
Alfred H. Sellers as active manager until the fire. There were also a number
of persons engaged in making abstracts before the fire who neither owned
tract, books nor used those belonging to other firms, but who worked from
the general indices in the public offices. One of the most reliable experts of
this class was A. F. C. Mueller, who made many abstracts and who afterward
associated himself with Uriah 11. Ilawley, a lawyer (whilom clerk of the
Courtof Common Pleas, now theSuperiorCourt), under thename of Mueller &
Hawley. Their work was all done by themselves personally and enjoyed full
confidence although they made all their searches directly from the records by
meansof thegeneral public indices of that day. Mr. Mueller made no abstracts
after the fire. Mr. Ilawley died many years ago while filling a very responsi-
able position in the Chicago Postoffice.
A. D. Wilmanns, lor a number of years, up to about the close of the war,
made abstracts by means of the public indices until he obtained privileges
from Chase Bros, for the use of their books. He afterwards became
THE ENCYCLOPEDIA. 395
associated with Francis Pascleloup. Wilmanns & Pasdeloup continued for
some years, using the books of Shortall & Hoard up to September 1, 1871,
when Mr. Pasdeloup withdrew and formed a partnership with Henry H.
Handy, as Handy & Pasdeloup, who secured a lease of the books of Shortall
& Hoard; which lease, however, was allowed to be abrogated by thegreatflre.
All of these parties made abstracts which are to this day current in the
market. There were, before the fire, a few other persons, employes of the
Recorder's office, who made abstracts of title in their overtime from the
records direct. Wm. H. Haase, who called himself a conveyancer, and
Charles Draudroff, employed in the real estate department of the banking
house of F. A. Hoffman, and later a firm, Alexander Dixon & Co., made
some few abstracts, which, however, in their day failed to inspire confidence
among professional examiners or the public. The great fire of 1871 played
havoc with the business of abstract making. All the records were destroyed
and the sets of indices owned by the private firms, but only partly saved, were
the only salvation. Each of the firms at first endeavored to continue business
on their own account. Neither of them, however, had saved enough of their
private books, and so it became a necessity to form a combination to make up
a full set. The public generally, unaware of the true condition, of things at
the time, made quite a stir against what many at first believed to be a mere
trick to form a dangerous monopoly, but the pool of books was made and
they were then leased to Handy, Simmons & Co., over whose signature
abstracts were then issued. The successors of this firm afterward became
Handy & Co., who have since merged in "The Title Guarantee and Trust
Co.," which now controls all the ante-fire abstract books in the county.
Immediately after the fire A. D. Wilmanns at first re-associated himself
with Francis Pasdeloup, doing business with him until the latter's death
shortly after the fire, when he associated himself with Henry Thielcke, an
ante-fire clerk of Chase Bros., laying out a set of indices from October 9, 1871,
onward. The firm of Wilmanns & Thielcke continued to make abstracts
until the summer of 1875, when their set of books was sold to the county
and placed in the Recorder's office, w,here they have remained ever since and
where abstracts are now made from them by the Recorder under
special enactments by the legislature. In the winter of 1872-3 Mr. Chas. G.
Haddock, Mr, E. D. Coxe and Mr. Frank H. Vallette began work upon a
new set of books from the fire down. They soon after commenced making
abstracts under tue firm name of Haddock, Coxe & Co., which has since been
changed to Haddock, Vallelte & llickords, Mr. Coxe having disposed of his
interest to Mr. Geo. E. Rickords. After the transfer of the books of Wil-
manns & Thielcke to the .county, C.C. Gilmore, a most competent abstractor,
and one Pollock for a year or more made abstracts as Gilmore, Pollock & Co.,
using the books of the county. C. C. Gilmore had also previously made quite
a number of abstracts over his own signature from these books while they
were still owned by Wilmanns & Thielcke. In 1878 Otto Peltzer, the com-
piler and publisher of " Peltzer's Atlas of Chicago," whose professional work
as a draughtsman had been entirely in connection with the land titles and
records of the county and city in various positions since 1853, and who had
just then resigned his position of Deputy Recorder and Superintendent of the
Abstract Department of the county, embarked in the abstract business for
himself in conjunction with a number of experts formerly employed by the
Recorder. He first entered into a contract wiih Haddock, Coxe & Co.> for
access to their books, which he used for six years, after which time he made
J9'3 GUIDE TO CHICAGO.
use of the county's indices. In connection with his business as general
abstract maker, Mr. Peltzer also included the examining titles for purchasers,
issuing written "Opinions of Title;" and as the patronage in this line and the
confidence reposed in these " opinions " increased so rapidly in time, he has
devoted himself exclusively to this class of work since about 1888, making
but few abstracts since then. The latest abstract concern is "The Cook
County Abstract Company," which commenced operations in May, 1888.
This concludes the entire list of regularly established persons and firms
engaged in abstract making in this city before and since the fire of 1871.
Anarchy in Chicago. For the benefit of foreign visitors and strangers
generally it may be well enough to say that anarchy in Chicaco received its
death-blow on the llth day of November, 1887, when four of the leading
anarchists of the city were executed at the county jail. The monster has not
shown its teeth here since. There has been no riot in Chicago since May 4,
1886. And it is perhaps worth while to add that at no time in the history of
this city has the revolutionary element attained any strength. The anarchist
uprising was entirely due to the agitations of a few dangerous leaders among
a certain small class of workingmen, which should have been suppressed by
the authorities long before their poisonous teachings culminated in a riot.
The great majority of the workingmen of Chicago have never sympathized
with the anarchists nor believed in their teachings.
Anarchist Monument. Six thousand dollars have been subscribed in
this country and in Europe toward the erection of a monument in memory of
the anarchists executed in this city for complicity in the bomb-throwing at
Haymarket Square. A committee of anarchists has the matter in charge.
Thus far, there have been three models presented to the committee which seem
to rank above the rest. The one which seems to give most general satisfac-
tion was designed by a young German-American of this city. The artist
caught his inspiration from Freiligrath's song, " Revolution," the spirit of
which his creati m embodies. A shaft of marble arises to the height of six-
teen feet. On ltd sides are the portraits of the five Anarchists with appropri-
ate inscriptions, one of which contains the last words of Spies before he was
executed : " Our silence will be more powerful than the voices you strangle
today." At the base of the shaft are two bronze figures, life-size, symboli-
cal of revolution and the revolutionist. One is that of a young woman of
the people bending over the prostrate form of the dying revolutionist and
placing u-pon his brow the laurel wreath of victory.
Another design presents a marble shaft rising from a group of five lions,
and crowned with a marble sarcophagus from which emerges the figure of a
woman symbolizing "Liberty'' and carrying in one hand a torch, in-the
other a broken chain.
Annual Fat Stock Shows. Annual fat stock shows have been held at the
old Exposition building in Chicago for the past thirteen years. They are
among the most interesting of our annual exhibitions. It is likely that the
exhibit wiil become a part of the Columbian Exposition of 1893.
Ashland Block. Located on the northeast corner of Clark and Randolph
streets. Planned by Architect D. H. Burnham. Property leased from A. G.
Alexander, of Louisville, Kentucky, by R. A. Waller, of this city, and L.
Broadhead, of Kentucky, for a term of years. This building issixtten stories
high, with a frontage on Clark street of 140 feet and 80 feet on Randolph
THE ENCYCLOPEDIA. 397
street. The exterior is classical. The windows of the lower stories are
recessed and end in an arch at ihe third story. The principal entrance is from
Clark street and is twenty one feet wide. This extends to a height of two and
a half stories and is rinished in terra cottaof a delicate design. The first story
has eight stores on the Clark street bide and three on Randolph street. The
second floor contains several spacious banking rooms 17 feet high and the
remaining floors are divided in^oalx u 350 offices. Seven elevators are placed
in the rear hall of the building. This building was ready for occupancy in
May, 1892.
Auditorium Tower. Visitors are taken by elevator to the top of the
Auditorium tower at 25 cents for adults, 15 cents for children. [See Audi-
torium.]
Chicago Epitomized. Chicago is a big city. This novel observation is
emphasized by some figures. Here is a rough table of the growth of our
population during the last thirty years:
Date. Population. Per Cent. Inc.
I860 109,00 )
1865 178,000 .. 65
1870 306,000 ..73
1880 491,000 63
1886 703,OK) 35
1890 1,098,000 55
If as many people come to Chicago during the next three decades as came
during the last three the business man of 1920 will see about him a popula-
tion of orer 10,000,000 of people. Chicago has erected since 1876 56,240
buildings, at a cost of $255,298,879 i. e., the average each. year has been
about 4,017 buildings, at an average cost of $18,235,634. At this rate thirty
years from now Chicago will have built 120,510 new building, at a cost of
$547,069,020. But during 1889 alone 7,590 buildings were put up, at a cost of
$31,516,000; and during 1890, 11,608 were put up at a cost of $47,322,100.
The average number for the two years was 9,598. Should this average hold
good for thir.ty years, in 1920 there would be 287,940 new buildings, which
will have been erected at a cost of $1,182,571,500.
Consulates. The foreign consulates in Chicago are located as follows:
Argentine Republic, 83 Jackson st. ; Austro-Hungarian, 78-80 Fifth avenue;
Belgium, 167 Dearborn St.; Denmark, 209 Fremont St.; France, 78 La Salle
St.; German Empire, room 25, Borden block; Great Britain, room 4, 72 Dear-
born st..; Italy, 110 La Salle St.; Mexico, room 30, 126 Washington St.;
Netherlands, 85 Washington st.; Sweden and Norway, room 1, 153 Randolph
St.; Switzerland, 65 Washington st.; Turkey, 167 Dearborn st.
Columbus Building To be erected on the southeast corner of State and
Washington sts., after plans by W. W. Boyington. The structure will be
fourteen stories hih, two floors being contained in the ornamental space
above the cornice. It will cover the lot, with its frontage of 100 feet on State
street and 90 feet on Washington street. It will be constructed of stone,
steel and terra cotta, after the best models. A main feature will be the two
stores on the ground floor, on either side of the main entrance. Each will be
forty feet wide. The decoration sand fixtures will cost $175,000. At the rear
of each will be a glass mosaic, one showing Columbus at the court of Isabella
and the other his landing in America. The contract for these mosaics has
been placed at Venice. The ceiling beams of the stores will be of bronze,
398 GUIDE TO CHICAGO.
supporting Mexican onyx ceilings. Over the entrance to the building a ten-
foot bronze siatue of Columbus will be placed, which is now being made at
Rome. The floors throughout the building are to be of mosaic.
The height of the tower from the sidewalk to the top of the glass globe
will be 240 feet. The globe on top is to be of opalescent glass, with the con-
tinents marked in color, with a cut jewel locating Chicago, to be lighted with
a 3,000-candle-power electric lamp. The style of architecture in detail is
Spanish renaissance. The various coats of arms of Spanish royalty will be
shown in the cornice and elsewhere. Work will be begun May 1st, and the
structure will be completed by May 1, 1893. The building will cost about
$800,000.
Cook County Treasury Statement. The following is an abstract from the
report of the comptroller of Cook County of receipts and expenditures of the
different treasuries at the close of the year 1891.
The amount realized from the sale of bonds during the year was $1,021,-
973. From the funding fund was expended by order of the board $1,034,-
957, leaving a balance of $22,627. From tavern licenses $11, 379 was realized.
There are in uncollected taxes, $52,479. Out of a general fund of $1.477,775
there is a balance of $59. The county paid during the year $1,366,696 in
salaries. From a supply fund of $608,067, $13,571.11 was unexpended. For
buildings the board spent $222,314.
The liabilities of the county foot up to $4,952,605, represented by the
various county bonds. But $1.483,000 of thisfallsdue May 1 of this year,
while the remainder runs from 1899 to 1905. The liabilities as represented
by the bonds is as follows :
Of the $1,483,000 of this indebtedness which falls dne May 1, $1,350,000
will be refunded at 4 per cent.
The total receipts of the county from the various offices were $856,826,
of which $266 656 came from the Treasurer's office and $208,956 from the
County Clerk's.
The total amount expended for salaries was $1,366,676, which was $30,-
000 less than the appropriation. The total supply appropriation was $603,-
091. Amount expended, $594,495.
" Crib," Thi. The original crib is situated about two miles out in Lake
Michigan, almost directly east of the foot of Chicago avenue. "The Man
at the Crib" is Ciplain Charles McKee, who, with his family, has spent
eleven years in that desolate, wave-washed and tempest-battered granite
home. He has reared a family of five girls and one boy, all of whom are
married, except one girl. Besides his wife and daughter, three men and a
dog occupy the crib at present. The crib-keeper's quarters are comfortable.
During the winter m nths, whea ice floes threaten to clog the grated mouth
of the water tunnel, his duties are as severe as they are important. There
are thousands of visitors at the crib during the summer months; in the win-
ter it is sometimes difficult to reach it with the city supply boat. The visitor
can take an excursion bait, steam or sail, on the lake shore, foot of Van
Buren st. Fare, 25 cents. [See " Water Works."]
Daniel O'Connell Statue. To be erected by the Daniel O'Connell associa-
tion. Site not chosen. The following are the charter members of the asso-
ciation : John Cudahy, Redn:ond Prindiville, John M. Smyth, Patrick Kava-
nagh, Thomas Lynch, P. J. Magicnis, Michael Cudahy, John B. Lynch,
THE ENCYCLOPEDIA. 399
Dennis O'Connor, M. Sullivan, Thomas F. Keeley, Charles Dennehy, Daniel
Corkery, William M. Devine, M. P. Brady, M. W. Murphy, P. J. Hennessey,
Daniel Delaney, M. N. Kerwin, Owen Murray, William McCoy, John
McGovern, and Frank Higgins.
Distance of Chicago from other Principal Cities. Chicago is .distant from
Montreal, Canada, 842 miles ; time, 29 hours ; from Portland, Me., 1255 miles;
time, 40 hours; from Boston, 1150 miles ; time, 32 hours ; from New York,
911 miles ; time, 26 hours ; from Philadelphia, 822 miles; time, 24 hours;
from Baltimore, 854 miles; time, 27 hours; from Washington, 811 miles;
time, 26 hours; from New Orleans, 915 miles; time, 48 hours; from the
City of Mexico, 2600 miles; time, 5 days; from San Francisco, 2450 miles ;
time. 3% days; from Vancouver, B. C., 2350 miles; time, 4% days.
The time between Queenstown, Ireland, and New York is now made
by the average ocean steamer in less than sevgn days. The time
from Queenstown to Chicago would therefore be about 8% days ;
from Dublin, Ireland, 9 days ; from Belfast, Ireland, 9% days; from Liver-
pool, England, 9 days; from London, England, 9J^ days; from Edinburg,
Scotland, 10 days ; from Glasgow, Scotland (via Liverpool and Queens-
town), 10 days; from Havre (direct), 9 days; from Paris (via Havre), 10
days; from Bremen (via Southampton), 9 days ; from Berlin (via Bremen or
Hamburg), 11 days (via Calais, Dover, Liverpool and Queenstown), 10 days ;
from Vienna (via Bremen), 11 days; from Rome (via Marseilles, Bologna,
Liverpool and Queenstown), 15 days ; from Madrid, via Lisbon, direct, 12
days ; (via rail to Havre, and via Havre by steamship direct) 16 days ; (via
Liverpool and Queenstown) 15 days ; from St. Petersburg (via Havre,
Bremen or Hamburg), about 16 days. [See map showing "Relative position
of Chicago with regard to other principal cities."]
Estimated Cost of City Government for 1892 The following are the esti-
mates of the cost of conducting the municipality of Chicago for the year
1892-93 : City cemetery, $500; contingent fund, $10,000; cost collecting city
taxes, $80.000; city clerk's office, $13,500; departm't public works, $1,753,021;
election dept., $100.333; fire dept., $1,449,501; health depr., $562,660; house
of correction, $40,021; judgment account, $100,000; legal expenses, $25,000;
police dept., $2,820,833; pounds, $'^,500; police courts, $2,000; printing and
stationery, $20,000; salaries, $225,000; sewerage dept,, $225,540: street lamp
fund, $880,000; bureau of lights, repairs and construction, $70,000; special
assessment on city property, $10.000; interest account, $1,007,342; public
library, $513,199; general sicking fund, $14,000; school sinking fund, $1,000;
school dept., $4,990,824 total, 14.916,776. The estimates of the police
department provide for 16 captains, 50 lieutenants, 90 patrol sergeants, 96 desk
sergeants, 90 detectives and 2,640 patrolmen, with about 300 other function-
aries of various grades attached to the department.
Fire of 1871. The fire of 1871 broke out on Sunday night, October 8th.
There had been on the previous evening an extensive conflagration in the
West Division, involving a heavy loss of property in the lumber district.
The firemen had worked upon the blaze for many hours, finally succeedingin
subduing it. The department, however, was pretty well exhausted when an
alarm was sounded at 9 o'clock on the following Sunday evening. The fire
was caused by the upsetting of a little lamp, in a stable, in the vicinity of De
400
GUIDE TO CHICAGO.
Koven and Jefferson sta. , west of the river and south of Van Buren st. ; whether
the lamp was kicked over by a cow belonging to a Mrs. O'Leary is a question
that has never been satisfactorily settled. The fire first crossed the river at
Van Buren St., and soon enveloped the old gas works on Adams st., where
the Moody & Sankey Tabernacle afterward stood, and where stately whole-
sale houses now tower toward the sky. From that moment the business sec-
tion of the city was
doome'Q, for the wind
blew a perfect gale and
every moment added to
the heat and fury of the
conflagration, which
marched steadily on,
devouring granite
blocks with the same
ease as it destroyed
wooden shanties.
About one o'clock in
the morning it had
reached and wiped out
the Chamber of Com-
merce building; shortly
afterward it had swal-
lowed up the Court
House, whose bell
tolled to the last min-
ute. Then in one col-
umn, itpursued itsf uri-
ous course eastward,
laying Hooley's Opera
House, the Times build-
ing, Crosby's fine opera
house and many other
noble structures in
ashes. Then it moved
toward the northeast,
and then attacked the
wholesale districtattlie
foot of Randolph st.,
carry ing a way the Cen-
tral Depot, the ruins
of which are still stand-
ing. Then it formed a
junction with another
branch of the maincol-
umn after thelatterhad
THE BURNED DISTRICT. demolished the Sher-
man House, the Tremont House and other magnificent buildings in its path.
Then there was a general onslaught upon the city's center from the left col-
umn which laid low all the buildings lying west of La Salle st., including the
Oriental and the Mercantile buildings, the Union Bank, the Merchants' Insur-
ance building, where Gen. Sheridan had his headquarters, the Western Union
Telegraph office, and the solid and magnificent blocks of commercial houses
[Engraved for The Standard Guide Company.]
CHICAGO DAILY NEWS COMPOSITION AND PRESS ROOMS.
LSee " Newspapers.'']
THE ENCYCLOPEDIA. 401
that lined La Salle street in those days. By morning there was not one stone
upon another in this great business center. The right column of the fire is
described as having started from a point near the intersection of Van Buren
streetand the river, where some wooden buildings wereignited by brands from
the West Side. This column had the advantage of a large area of wooden
buildings, say, Colbert and Chamberlin, "on which to ration and arm itself for
its march of destruction." It gutted the Michigan Southern Depot and the
Grand Pacific Hotel, and destroyed other handsome structures in the vicinity.
Passing along the Postoffice, the Bigelow House, the Honore block, McVicker s
new theatre, the Tribune building, Booksellers' Row, Potter Palmer's store,
occupied by Field & Leiter, and all the smaller or lessconspicuous structures on
the road. It branched off and destroyed the handsomeresidencesand churches
on Wabash avenue, and was finally stayed in its southward course at Con-
gress street. The fire crossed over to the north divisionabout half-past three in
the morning, and among the first buildings to go down was the engine-house
of the water works, which, foolishly, had been roofed with pine shingles.
The fire was carried here by burning brands which must have traveled a
mile and a half in advance of the conflagration. "This was the system,"
say Colbert and Chamberlain, "by which the North Side was destroyed:
Blazing brands and scorching heat sent ahead to kindle many scattering
fires, and the grand general conflagration following up and finishing up."
The North Side was left a mass of blackened ruins by morning. Only at the
lakeand the northern limits of the city was the firestayed. The district burned
over was bounded on the north by Fullerton avenue, on the west byHalsted
street to Chicago avenue and from that point south on Clinton street, on the
south by Twelfth street and on the east by Lake Michigan. The total area
burned over was nearly three and a third square miles; numberof buildings
destroyed, 17,450; persons rendered homeless, 98,500; persons killed, about
200; loss, not including the depreciation of real estate or loss of business, esti-
mated at $190,000,000; recovered by insurance, $44,000,000. One yearafter
the fire many of the best business blocks in the city were rebuilt; five years
after the fire the city was handsomer and more prosperous than ever; ten
years after the fire nearly all traces of the calamity had disappeared.
Fire of 1874. The second great fire in Chicago occurred on July 14, 1874.
This conflagration swept over a district south of Twelfth street and east of
State street, which had escaped the fire of '71. Although eighteen blocks or
sixty acres were burned over, and although 600 houses were destroyed and
the loss was close to $4,000,000, the calamity was never as deeply regretted
as it would have been had the district been a safe one near the heart of the
city. The houses were nearly all wooden, and were a continual menace.
This district was soon rebuilt in a more substantial manner.
Fire Relics. The finding of a large mass of molten iron by workmen
excavating for the new Masonic temple in 1890 called attention to the fact
that there were a number of interesting collections of relics of the great
fire in Chicago. The most interesting and ornamental monument of the fire
is the " Relic House," well known to North-Siders and Lincoln Park visitors.
In 1872, when the "leavings " of the fire could be had for the asking or the
trouble of picking them up, a man named Rettig conceived the idea of
building a small cottage out of such material as a melted mixture of stone,
iron and other metals. The queer structure was built at North Park avenue
ind Central street. Ten years ago it was removed to its present site near the
junction of Clark street and North Park avenue (take North Clark street
402 GUIDE TO CHICAGO.
cable line), Philip Vinter becoming the proprietor. Four years afterwards
the "Relic House" passed into the hands of its present owner, William
Liudemann, who has added a refreshment parlor to the saloon and made
quite a rustic spot out of the relic. The only ruin of the "71 fire which
remaiusstanding is on a large vacant lot between Nos. 907 and 915 North
Clark street, a few doors north of the "Relic House, "on the opposite side
of the street. The ruin consists of three sections of red brick wall with
stone foundations showing where the chimneys, doors and windows formerly
were. The lot is owned by Hugh A. White, a lawyer who lives in Evanston.
The Chicago Historical Society has a large collection of fire relics, some
from the ruins of the society's building, which was then near the corner of
Ontario street and Dearborn avenue, but most of the relics are donations
from Maria G. Carr, Mrs. E. E. Atwater, and various business firms who
were burnt out. The Historical Society also has the key to the vault-door in
the office of the Assistant Treasurer of the United States at Chicago, which
was destroyed together with $1,500,000 in currency and the books and
vouchers in the office. The key was presented by Henry H. Nash, Cashier,
Large oil paintings of General Grant, J. Young Scammon and Miss Sneed
(the woman who, Napoleon thought, was the most beautiful in the world),
which were saved from the fire, adorn the walls of the society's room. Mrs.
Carr's collection is a curious one among the burned, melted, scorched and
twisted things being a bunch of forks, a mass of type, bunch of tacks, pack
of cards, a lot of knitting-needles, a spool of thread from Field, Leiter & Co.'s
dry-goods house at Madison and Franklin streets, hooks and eyes, a package
of buttons, three Jew's-harps thimbles, marbles, a bundle of melted glass, a
piece of glass from Bowen Bros.. Lake street; an old fashioned clay pipe,
china dolls' head, three crucibles, a door bell, penknives, ene being found
under the site of a pulpit; a package of glass beads from Schweitzer &
Beer's store, a bundle of screws, a walking cane without head or ferrule,
necks of glass bottles from Jasger's place, and a package of slate pencils
from the Western News Company's place. In Mrs. Atwater's collection is a
lumpof black stuff which was coffee once upon a time, labeled, "Browned too
Much/' remnants of the stock of a toy house, china dolls and playthings, a
bundle of hair-pins, scissors, rosaries without the crucifix, glass beads, and a
jet necklace well preserved, a box of charred biscuits from the ruins of Dr.
Rice's church a lot of stained and plain window-glass from various city
churches, and a variety of blackened cups and saucers from the ruins of
crockery houses.
Farragut Monument, Lincoln Park. The local G. A. R. Posts are engaged
in devising means for the erection of a monument to Admiral Farragut, in
Lincoln Park.
Grant Statue, Galena. H. H. Kohlsaat, of this city, presented the citizens
of Galena with a statue of Gen. U. S. Grant, which was unveiled in the
presence of a distinguished gathering on January 3, 1891, little Pauline
Kohlsaat, daughter of the donor, removing the covering. The oration was
delivered by Chauncy Depew, of New York. The statue is of bronze, and
represents the old commander standing in a characteristic attitude, with one
hand thrust carelessly in his trousers' pocket and the other resting lightly in
his vest. It stands on a handsome base in Grant Park. Trains for Galena,
General Grant's old home, may be taken at the Northwestern depot, Wells
and Kiiizie streets.
THE ENCYCLOPEDIA.
403
Foreign Coin, Value of, in United States Money. The United States Gov-
ernment in 1891 declared the following statement of the value of foreign
coin in United States money as official. Foreign visitors in Chicago may
exchange their national coin at any of the leading banking houses or money
brokers' offices at a small cost for exchange.
Country.
Standard.
Monetary
Unit.
Value
in
terms
u f s.
gold
dollar.
A RGESTINK REPUBLIC
Gold and Silver
Silver
Peso
$0.96.5
38.1
19.3
77.1
54.6
l.CO
77.1
91.2
1.13.9
1.27
77.1
9^.6
26.8
77.1
4.94.3
19.3
19.3
23.8
4.86.6J4
1P.3
96.5
36.6
19.3
99.7
83.1
1.00
83.7
40.2
1.01.4
26.8
77.1
1.08
61.7
19.3
26.8
19.3
69.5
4.4
15.4
AUSTKI A-HUNGARY
Florin
BtLGIUM
Gold and Silver
Silver
Franc
Boliviano
Milreis
Dollar
BOLIVIA
111!. \ /I I.
BRITISH POSSESSIONS, N. A. (except NEW-
Gold
Gold '..
CENTRAL AMERICAN STATES-
COSTA RICA, GUATEMALA, HONDURAS,
NICARAGUA. SALVADOR
Silver
Peso . ...
Gold and Silver
Silver
Tael
( Shanghai
-< Haikwan. . .
/ (customs)
Peso
Peso
COLOMBIA . . .
Silver
Gold and Silver
Gold
CUBA *
DENMARK . . .
ECUADOR
Silver
Sucre.
EGYPT
Gold...
Pound (100
piastres)
Mark
FINLAND
Gold
FRANCE
Gold and Silver
Gold
Gold.
Franc ..
GERM A.N EMPIRE
Mark
Pound Sterlg.
Drachma
GREAT BRITAIN
GREECE
Gold and Silver
Gold and Silver
Silver
H AYTI
INDIA ...
ITALY
Gold and Silver
Gold and Silver
Gold
Lira.
Y (Gold...
Yen - 1 Silver-
Dollar
JAPAN .
LIBERIA
MEXICO
Silver . ...
Dollar
Florin . .
NETHERLANDS
Gold and Silver
Gold
NEWFOUNDLAND
Dollar
NORWAY
PERU
Gold
Silver
Crown
Sol..
PORTUGAL ,
RUSSIA
Gold
Silver
Milreis
Ruble
SPAIN
Gold and Silver
Gold
Gold and Silver
Silver
Peseta.
SWEDEN
SWITZERLAND
Crown
TRIPOLI
Mahbub of 20
piastres . ...
Piastre
Bolivar..
TURKEY
VENEZUELA.. .
Gold. . .
Silver . . .
Fort Dearborn. The site of Fort Dearborn [see "Chicago As It "Was"],
is now covered by a wholesale grocery house, at the corner of Michigan ave-
404 GUIDE TO CHICAGO.
Goose Island. Located on the North branch of the Chicago river and
covered with immense manufactories, lumber yards, etc., and surrounded by
docks. It is becoming one of the most valuable centers in Chicago. An effort
has been made to change the name from Goose to Ogden Island, but this was
defeated and the histor.c appellation retained. It derives it name from its
shape which resembles the body of a goose.
Drake Fountain. To occupy space between the City Hall and Court
House buildings, Washington street frontage. Presented to the city by Mr.
John .B Drake. It is to be Gothic in style, and will be composed of granite
from Baviuo, Itaty. The base is sixteen feet square, length thirty-five feet.
The design includes a pedestal, on the front of which will be placed a
bronze utatue of Christopher Columbus, seven feet high, which is to be cast
in the royal foundry at Rome. The statue will be the work of the celebrated
sculptor, R H. Park. From a clay model it is learned that Mr. Park has
represented his subject as a student rather than as a navigator, standing in
an easy pose, the weight of the body resting on the right leg, the head thrown
forward and the eyes regarding a small terrt'stml globe which the figure holds
in the left hand, the light holding a pair of compass< s and resting on the hip
in such a manner as to draw the folds of the tunic backwards, and show
the form to better advantage.
In modeling the features Mr. Park has consulted reproductions of all the
alleged portraits of Columbus, but has relied more upon descriptions of him
quoted from various sources and in Traducci's "Life of Columbus" for the
character expressed. The fountain is to be provided with an ice chamber
capable of holding two tons of ice, and is to be surrounded with a water pipe
containing ten faucets, each supplied with a bronze cup. The entire cost
will be $15,000. Mr. Drake's generous gift to the city is to be ready for pub-
lic use in 1892, and it will thus be happily commemorative of the 400lh anni-
versary of the discovery of America by Columbus.
Free Kindergartens. All Souls' Kindergarten, 3939 Langley ave. ;
Armour Mission Kindergarten, 33d st. and Armour ave.; Bethesda Mission
Kindergarten, 409 S.Clark; Bohemian Mission Kindergarten, 711 Loomis et.;
Borland Kindergarten, Horace Maun School, cor. 37th si. and Portland ave.;
Hrcnnan Public School Kindergarten, Brighton Public School Kindergarten,
Drexel Ki idergirten, Riymond School, Priederich Froebel Kindergarten, cor.
12t,h and Halstedsts. ; Hancock Public School Kindergarten, Herford Kinder-
garten, (Morning), 405 22d st.; Hull House Kindergarten, 335 South
Halsted st. ; Immanuel Baptist Church Kindergarten, 2306 State st.j
Italian Kindergarten, 505 S. Clark st.; Kate C. Richardson's Memqrial
Kindergarten, Memorial Baptist Church, Oakland Boulevard, near Cottage
Grove ave.; Kindergarten, 171 Division st.; King's Daughters' Kinder-
garten, 5304 Jiff is. 11 ave.; Kinzie Public School Kindergarten, Peck
Public School Kindergarten (Afternoon), Porter Memorial Kindergarten,
cor. 12th st. and Ashland ave.; Raymond Mission Kindergarten, cor.
30th and Poplar sts. ; Sedgwick St. Chapel Kindergarten, 388 Sedgwickst.;
St. Pius Convent Kindergarten, cor. Ashland ave. and 20th M.; St. Pius Mon-
astery Kindergarten, cor. 19th and Paulina sts.; Talcott Day .Nursery Kinder-
C >-i
rt H .
^ <
^ 5:
H I
THE ENCYCLOPEDIA. 405
garten No. 1, 169 W. Adams st. ; Talcott Day Nursery Kindergarten No. 2,
581 Austin ave. ; The Creche Kindergarten, cor. 24th st. and Wabash ave.;
The Bordeu Kindergarten, 517 and 519 Milwaukee ave.; Unity Industrial
School Kindergarten, 80 Elm st.
Grant Statue, Lincoln Park. Situated on the North Shore Drive, Lin-
coln Park. Take the North Clark St. or Wells St. cable Une. A magnificent
monument to the memory of the great general of the Civil War. The
sculpter was Louis T. Rebisso, au exile from his native land for the part he
took in striving to establish a republic in Italy, Whilst the signs of public
mourning were still visible in Chicago there was a spontaneous movement
for the erection of a monument to General Grant. To suggest was to act;
to act was to execute. Within a year the requisite fund was subscribed,
and an award of $200 made to Rebisso of Cincinnati for presenting the most
acceptable design. The result is before the public in the unique equestrian
group unveiled amid the impressive ceremonies of October 7, 1891. There
have been many attempts in sculpture to image General Grant, but we can
recall none more successful than Mr. Rebisso's. ^ The physical proportions
of the mejestic figure are as faultless as the facial expression. Grant was
about five feet seven inches high, with a well-knit frame, the image of con-
scious strength and matchless endurance. He had a square and spacious
forehead, a strong lower jaw and firm-set lips. His hair and whiskers were
always worn short. His habitual expression indicated repose and firmness,
without assumpiiou or severity. No more imposingand successful specimen
of monumental art graces any city in the United States. The view of it
presented in THE STANDAUD GUIDE is a pleasing one. The general is in full
uniform, mounted and in the attitude of critical inspection. Grasping a
field-glass in his right hand, h rests it in an easy and wholly unstudied man-
ner upon his right thigh, as after having taken a careful survey of the field.
The pose of the human figure suggests a concentration of thought, and the
confidence begot of self-reliance. Apparently he is observing the execution
of an order in some movement of the troops. Both horse and rider are in a
state of vigilant yet firm repose. With the single exception of President
Lincolu's, no face and figure are more familiar to the American people than
General Grant's. The colossal bronze statue at the park measures eighteen
feet three inches in height from the bottom of the plinth to tlie highest point.
It is the largest bronze casting ever attempted in this country. The dedica-
tion occurred on ihe afternoon of October 7, at two o'clock. The ceremonies
were most impressive, and was witnessed by no fewer than 100,000 persons.
The ceremonies were intrusted to a committee composed of the Hon. Jesse
Spalding, chairman; Col. A. C. Ducat, invitations; Col. Freeman Connor,
Grand Army; Capt. D. II. Gile, National Guard; Maj. G. H. Heafford, trans-
prtHtir>n; Capt. J. T. McAuly, secretary; Col. M. D. Briggs, civic societies.
The military and civic parade was the largest and grandest ever witnessed ou
this continent.
Great Clocks of the City. In the old days before the building was
destroyed everybody's time was regulated by the Court House bell, and it is said
that for some time after the fire there were no two watches or clocks in town
that agreed. It is only withiu^the last few years that public time pieces have
appeared. People down town" in the vicinity of the Custom House consult
the clock in the Board of Trade tower and the Custom House clock. The
406 GUIDE TO CHICAGO.
largest v^ock in the city is that in the tower of the new Grand Central Depot
Harrison st. and Fifth ave. There are also great clocks at the North- Western
and Rock Island. The Central Music Hall has a fine clock, so has the Inter
Ocean building, the Tobey Furniture Company building, McAvoy's Brewery,
the North Division railroad office, and the Jesuit Church on Twelfth st. The
Manasse chronometer in the Tribune building is consulted more than any in
the city, but there are innumerable clocks regulated by electricity throughout
the city now. These are operated from the Western Union telegraph office.
Hardware. There are 300 retail hardware and cutlery stores in Chicago.
IFnymarket Massacre. Night of May 4, 1886. Take West Randolph
street car and alight at the Police Monument. The title is a misnomer.
The tragedy recalled to mind by the name in reality occurred on De-splaines
St., between the Haymarket and the alley which runs east from Desplaines
St., south of Crane Brothers' manufacturing establishment. The wagon
from which the anarchist speakers addressed the mob stood directly in
front of Crane Brothers' steps, about eight feet north of this alley. The
bomb was thrown from the mouth of the alley and exploded between the
second and third companies of policemen, as the six companies were halting
close to the wagon. The bomb thrower unquestionably made his escape
through the alley, which connects with another opening on Randolph st.,
east of the Haymarket. Seven policemen were killed outright, or died
shortly afterward of their wounds, as a result of the explosion. A large num-
ber of policemen were badly and permanently injured. How many of those
in the mob were killed or died afterward of the injuries they received in the
police fusillade which followed the explosion has never beep known, for their
bodies were quietly buried and their wounds concealed by their friends whenever
possible. The arrest of the leaders, Fielden, Spies, Engel, Lingg, Neebe,
Schwab, Fischer, the searching of the Arbeiter Zeitung office, on the east side of
Fifth av., near Washington st., and the discovery there of a vast supply of dyna-
mite, arms, bombs and infernal machines; the discovery of bombs in different
parts of the city, under sidewalks, in lumber yards and at the homes of the
anarchists; the sensational surrender of Parsons, who had taken flight on the
night of the massacre; the long trial, the speeches, the sentence, the appeal; the
refusal of the Supreme Court of the United States to interfere; the efforts made
to have the death sentence commuted; the day of execution, the llth of
November, 1887; the shocking suicide of the " tiger anarchist," Lingg, in
his cell at the jail; the hanging of Parsons, Spies, Engel and Fischer, the
commutation of the death sentences of Fielden and Schwab to life imprison-
ment, all contributed toward the popular excitement which followed the
fatal 4th of May and continued until the gallows and the prison had per-
formed the parts assigned them by the law. The executed anarchists are
buried at Waldheim Cemetery. [See "Waldheim Cemetery."] The cell in
which Lingg committed suicide is directly in front of the "cage" in the
county jail. The other anarchists occupied cells in the same row. [See
County Jail.] The police monument at the intersection of Randolph and
Desplaines sts. (Haymarket Square) was erected by the citizens of Chicago in
honor of the brave officers who risked or sacrificed their lives in defense of
the law. and in commemoration of the death of anarchy in this city.
Jlaymarkel Square. That portion of W. Randolph st. between Desplaines
and Ilalsted sts., West Side. Take Randolph st. cars. Near the east end of
THE ENCYCLOPEDIA. 407
the square for many years stood the West Side Market House, a part of which
wasoccupied as a police station. The square is now entirely open, the police
monument which stands at the intersection of Randolph and Desplaines sts.
being the only obstruction in the broad thoroughfare. To the north of the
monument, on Desplaines St., the bomb was thrown on the night of May 4,
1886. [See Haymarket Massacre.]
Hell Gate Crossing. By far the most dangerous street intersection in
Chicago is at Randolph and LaSalle, where all cars of the North and West
Side cable systems pass, two of the tracks curving around corners and the
ringing of bells by the gripmcn making a din bewildering to pedestrians.
Hirsch Monument. Erected by Sinai Congregation in honor of the late
Dr. Samuel Hirsch, at Rose Hill Cemetery. The monument is a plain marble
shaft. It bears the following inscription: "Erected by Chicago Sinai con-
gregation, the first to adopt without compromise or hesitation the principles
he taught, and consecrated to the memory of Dr. Samuel Hirsch. Born in
Thalfangen, Prussia, June 8, 1815, he died in Chicago May 14, '89. For fifty
years of active life as rabbi, both in Europe and the United States, he was the
most fearless and consisteut champion of enlightened, liberal Judaism, and
by wards of mouth and pen never tired of holding its tenets as fundamentally
the doctrine destined to be the religion of humanity, looking neither to the
right nor to the left, but confident of the invincible power of (ruth. Those
who now lag behind will follow, and those who now oppose will endorse our
movement."
Illinois Central General Passenger Depot. New depot of the Illinois Cen-
tral Railway will consist of. a train-shed, 600 feet long by over 150 feet wide.
It will, of course, contain ticket offices, waiting-rooms, restaurant annexes,
etc., all fitted up in the most modern style.
Immediately skirting the lake, extending southward from Park Row, over
Twelfth st. very nearly to Thirteenth, it will be made in beauty of design
and vastness of proportions one of the most striking architectural features of
Chicago viewed from the lake.
For a \ong time the Illinois Central people have been anxious to build a
new depot. In common with the citizens at large they recognized the build-
ing of such as an absolute necessity. Several insuperable obstacles intervened,
however, to prevent the realization of their desires as at first projected.
The property at the foot of Randolph street on which the depot stands
at present is owned jointly by the Illinois Central and Michigan Central Rail-
road Companies. Both corporations were of one mind as to the necessity of
a new depot. They differed, however, when it came to the disposition of the
depot when built. The Michigan Central Company wished to exclude all
rival companies the Illinois Central, of course, excepted from the
use of thenew depot. The Illinois Central took a position directly
opposite, and desired to place the new station at the disposal of any company
wishing to use it. As agreement, as far as regarded the jointly-owned
site, was practically impossible, the Illinois Central Company resolved
to build where it would have sole and undisputed ownership and control
408
GUIDE TO CHICAGO.
Indebtedness of Chicago. Tiie assessed valuation for taxation of property
of all kinds in the State of Illinois is probably lower in proportion to
its actual, or selling, value than in any other State in the Union. Comparison
shows the aggregate of the assessed valuation for taxation of the street rail-
ways of Chicago, of the national banks and of all the real estate in the city of
Chicago transferred during the three mouths ended April 30, 1891 (where tlie
consideration was $1,000 or over), to be only $7,886,779, as against an actual
selling value of $94,972,626, obtained by adding ttie last bid prices on the
Chicago Stock Exchange for stocks of the banks and stocks and bonds of the
street railways, and the consideration expressed in deeds; that is, the assessed
valuation is only about one-fourteenth of the actual selling value.
This low assessed valuation of property in Chicago is further shown when
we compare the population and assessed valuation of the six leading cities of
the United States:
City.
Pop. U. S.
Census 1890.
New York 1,515,301
Chicago.
Philadelphia 1,048,964
City.
Pop. U. S.
Census 1890.
Brook yn 806,343
,1 >99/ 50 St. Louis.
4H.770
Boston 4t8,477
CITY.
Assessed
Valuation.
Net Debt.
Debt pei-
capita.
Ass'ed value
per capita.
$l,69l>,978,:i90
$9,V16!,073
$65
81,120
Chicago
219,a r >4,3<>8
i 3.554,900
13
199
Phiindelphia
713,902,842
23,119^,576
22
682
452,874, 51
34,639,542
4
562
St. Louis
245,088,770
21/25,1(4
47
643
Boston .
76\353,648
28,321,788
63
1,707
It will be noted that, notwithstanding the very low assessed valuation of
property in Chicago, the total debt of Chicago per capita is less than a fifth of
the debt per capita of either New York or Boston and is the lowest per capita
of any of the six cities named.
Inter-State Exposition. Occupied an immense building on the Lake Front,
from 1875 to 1892, when the structure was torn down to make room for the
permanent Art gallery. Expositions were given annually which attracted
thousands of strangers, and for a time were quite popular with residents.
Fat stock shows, etc., were also held here. Some of the greatest political
conventions [See National Political Conventions] ever assembled in this coun-
try were held here. The building iu its later days became an eye-sore to the
public.
J. V. Farwell Company. The great dry goods house of J. V. Farwell &
Co., one of the largest in the world, and doing a business of over $40,000 000
per annum, was incorporated as a stock company on Deceml er 13, 1890. The
board of directors are: C. B. Farwell, J. K. Harmon. J. V. Farwell, Jr., J. T.
Chumasero, F. P. Potter, J. E. Downs find 8. Farwell. The officers arc:
C. B. Farwell, president; J. K. Harmon, vice- president; J. V. Farwell, Jr.,
treasurer; J. T. Chumasero, secretary.
THE ENCYCLOPEDIA. 409
Kenwood Physical Observatory. One of the best equipped astronomical
stations in the country. Dedicated 1892. The observatory is located at Grand
avenue and Forty-sixth street, and is the gift of W. E. Hale, of the Hale
Elevator Company, to his so~n, George E. Hale, recently graduated from
college. Young Mr. Hale has been a devoted student of astronomical science
for several years, and his enthusiasm so interested his father that the latter
determined to build an observatory which could justly be so called.
The observatory is unique as being the first private investment of the
kind in the city. The building and telescope represent an outlay of about
$20,000. The building is a finely decorated structure of two stories. A
revolving dome surmounts the whole and electric lights from spt cial dynamos
furnish illumination. The telescope is a twelve-iuch refracting .equatorial.
It was built especially to carry the spectroscope. The total length c.f the
instrument is 22% feet. The rotating dome is 26^ feet in diameter. The
telescope was built by Warner & Swasey, of Cleveland, O. The spectroscope
was manufactured by J. A. Brashear, of Allegheny CLy, Pa.
Kosciusko Monument. Projected by the Kosciusko Monument Association,
which proposes to erect a $25,000 statue to the Polish patiiot at Humboldt
park.
Labor Temple. Plans have been drawn for the construction of a great
Labor Temple in this city to cost $500,000. It is to cover 150x150
feet in area, and from twelve to fifteen stories high. The plans at pres-
ent are to have the first floor devoted to stores, the second to a large
hall; the four upper stories to a hotel, and the remainder to lodge rooms and
offices for headquarters of the various unions. The matter is in the hands of
the Building and improvement Company of which the following are officeis:
Homer Cooke, president; Wallis K. Cook, vice-president; E. J. Blcs&ington,
secretary; J. E. Buckbee, assistant secretary; Chas. S. Simmons, treasurer;
D. R. W., Williams, general agent.
Logan Statue. To be erected to the memory of the late General and
Senator, John A. Logan. Soon after the death of Gen. Logan, in 1887, the
Illinois Legislature passed an act appropriating $50,000 fora monument of
John A. Logan and for the appointment of commissioners therefor. The
monument was to b erected " at such point in the City of Chicago or else-
where in the State of Illinois as may be selected by his widow," and the
commissioners were authorized and empowered to receive proposals and to
contract for the completion of such monument and to receive subscriptions
therefor. It was further provided, that if the place selected for the monu-
ment should be a public park, the commissioners in charge of such park
should be " authorized, empowered, and directed to place the monument upon
a site so selected by said widow, and to provide that such monument shall b'e
made the permanent resting place of the remains of said John A. Logan and
of his willow after her death." When the bill was passed in 1887 it was the
intention to erect the monument some place in the South Parks. The com-
missioners, or a majority of them, expressed an intention to erect the pedestal,
and it was proposed to enlarge the appropriation for the monument by popu-
lar subscription; by subscription among the veteran soldiers and among the
friends and admirers of the dead soldier-statesman. But, as time passed on,
there were no subscriptions from any source, and the promoters of the project
came to the conclusion that the $50,000 appropriated by the State would be the
only available fund. The commissioners appointed under the act for the
410 GUIDE TO CHICAGO.
erection of the monument were Henry W. Blodgett, W. C. Goudy, Robert T.
Lincoln, John M. Palmer, Milton Hay, Richard S. Tuthill, William H,
1 1 ii-per, Melville W. Fuller, John R. Walsh Oliver A. Harker, William S.
Morris, and George W. Smith. It is understood that 'he original purpose to
make the monument " the permamanent resting place of Gen. Logan and of
his widow after her death " has been abandoned. The statue will be erected
before the opening of the World's Fair.
Market Squares. There have been no public market houses in Chicago
for a number of years, but back in the early days of the city one stood in each
of the three divisions. The South Side market was on State St., between
Randolph and South Water sts.; the West Side market was on Haymarket
square, and the North Side market was on Michigan St., where the Criminal
Court building and jail now stand. The Haymahket massacre occurred near
the site of the West Side market. Mayor Wcntworth piled all the overhang-
ing signs, which he tore down during his second administration, on the South
Side site, and Stephen A. Douglas was mobbed on the North Side site.
Police stations were located in each of these market houses, and the upper
floors were used as town or public halls.
Mayors of Chicago. Following is a list of the mayors of Chicago from
theincorporationof tbe city to the present time: William B. Ogden, Buckner
S. Morris, Benjamin W. Raymond, Alexander Loyd, Francis C. Sherman,
Augustus Garrett, Alson S. Sherman, John Putnam Chapin, James Curtiss,
James H. Wordworth, Walter S. Gurnee, Charles M. Gray, Isaac L. Milliken,
Levi D. Boone, Thomas Dyer, John Wentworth, John C. Haines, Julian S.
Rumsay, John B. Rice, Roswell B. Mason, Joseph Medill, Harvey D. Colvin,
Monroe Heath, Carter H. Harrison, John A. Roche, DeWitt C. Cregier,
Hempstead Washburne.
Meat Markets. There are 1,400 retail meat markets in Chicago.
Michigan Avenue. Formerly a residence street along the Lake Park, has
changed materially within a few years. It is now Michigan blvd. It will
probably become the great hotel avenue of the city. At present some of the
grandest structures in Chicago are located along its west side. At Adams st.
is the Brunswick, and on the opposite corner is the Pullman building,
which is more or less of a hotel. On the northeast 'corner cf Jackson
street is located the Argyle apartment building, which is really a
large family hotel. North of it, on the ground owned by the Jennings
estate, and occupied by Leroy Payne's stables, there will be a hotel.
On the southwest corner is the Leland, and then the Richelieu. Next comes
the Beaurivage, which has been remodeled into a hotel by the owner,
L. J. McCormick, who will call it the Victoria. These three hotels occupy
the entire block between Jackson and VanBuren sts. At the northeast corner
of Congress st. is the greatest of all, the Auditorium. Within three or four
years the Auditorium Hotel Company will acquire possession of the Stude-
baker building, which adjoins it on the north, and which will be re arranged
so as to be suitable for hotel purposes. Between Harrison and Twelfth sts.
there are several large apartment buildings which answer the same purpose as
family hotels. At Park Row and Twelfth st. is the site selected for the new
hotel, which will rival the Auditorium. Along the avenue south of Four-
teenth to Twentieth st. are a number of apartment houses which can be
THE ENCYCLOPEDIA. 411
classed as family hotels. At Twenty -first st. a big hotel, to be known as the
" Fairbanks'/' will be built. The Batchelder interests will build at Twenty-
second st., and at Twenty-third st. the magnificent Hotel Metropole is being
builded. There will be at the southeast corner of Thirty-fifth st. a large
apartment building. These different enterprises are gradually changing
Michigan ave. from a thoroughfare of fine residences to a semi-business st.,
which has no parallel in Chicago.
Milk Supply of Chicago. R. M. Littler, secretary of the Chicago Produce
Exchange, and also wf the National 'Dairyman's Association, has complied
figures showing something of the extent of the milk traffic of this city (pas
year 1891). Chicago's dairy farm is a large one, extending away into tie
southern edge of Wisconsin, and west and south a distance of more than one
hundred miles. The milk is collected daily from individual farmers and
rapidly forwarded to the city on fast express trains, many of which are
engaged solely in this business, making the long distance named in three
hours, arriving here in early morning. The milk is carried in cans of ei^ht
gallons each, and about 12,000 cans arrive daily at the several depots, chiefly
on the West Side. The 100,000 gallons of milk received every morning
represent a wholesale price of 14 cents per gallon, or a daily milk bill of
$14,000, making a yearly total of rather more than $5,000,000. Of course the
sum finally paid by 1,200,000 consumers at the retail price asked is much
larger than the above perhaps double. Taking as an average daily yield
two gallons for each cow it will be seen that in order to keep the city supplied
50,000 cows are on duty each day. From official returns of other cities in
this country it appears that Chicago uses more milk per capita than the
large centers in the East. This is largely due to the fact that here there is
relatively little condensed milk consumed. In many of the chief cities and
towns of the Eastern States, where pastorage and hard feed represent greater
expense to the dairyman, there is a large consumption of condensed milk.
This is produced in the Elgin and other domestic dairy districts, and alto
Switzerland, France and Germany.
Monuments. The monuments of Chicago are Douglas Monument, in
Douglas Monument Park. Take Illinois Central train for Thirty-fifth st.; the
Lincoln, Grant, La Salle, Shakespeare, Schiller, Von Linne. and Indian Monu-
meuts in Lincoln Park [see Lincoln Park]; the Police Monument, in Hay-
market Square; take Randolph st. car; the Soldiers' Monument, at Rose HiJl
Cemetery [see Rose Hill Cemetery] and the Mulligan Monument at Calvary.
[See Calvary Cemetery.] A monument to the late Judge Knickerbocker is
contemplated for South Park ; Leonard Volk, sculptor. Lincoln Park is to
have a monument erected to the memory of Admiral David G. Far-
ragut. Victor Hugo in bronze will likely grace the entrance to the French
building during the World's Fair. A statue of Hans Christian Ander-
son is also contemplated, a society having been organized for the pur-
pose of erecting it. A statue of William B. Ogden, Chicago's first mayor,
is to be erected south of the intersection of North Clark cand Wells sts., oppo-
site Lincoln Park. The Netherlanders of the city have in contemplation the
erection of a statue of William, Prince of Orange. The prominent Irish
societies of the city will erect a statue of Daniel O'Connell. A statue of Colum-
bus will surmount the Drake Fountain in front of the City Hall. [See Drake
Fountain.] A $50,000 statue of the late Gen. John A. Logan, by St. Gaudens,
41# GUIDE TO CHICAGO.
at the entrance to Jackson Park at Sixty-third st. Charles T. Yerkes has
provided for a statue of the late Gen. Philip H. Sheridan, to be erected in
Union Park, West Side. The monuments at present in position, and those in
the cemeteries are mentioned under appropriate headings in the Encyclopedia.
New Patrol Wagon and Ambulance. This new ambulance has a handsome
top in black, the panels of the body of the wagon being in rid and blue and
with the lettering "Patrol Police Department." The stretcher, on the inside,
for the patient, is suspended from straps, with a spiral spring at the end of
each at the corners of the wagon. This arrangement prevents any rough
motion of the stretcher or bed from the jolting of the wagon or any sudden
swaying in any direction.
The intention is said to be to have covers placed on all the patrol wagons
of the department, and convert at least those attached to the principle stations
into ambulance vehicles also. The general feeling is that the wagons ought
to be covered long ago. The matrons of the stations often have to ride long
distances in patrol wagons with women in their charge, and such a ride on an
open wagon in a winter's storm or the blazing heat of summer is considered a
hardship. Then it is considered proper that men and women, whether crim-
inals or drunkards, or sick or maimed or dead, should not be driven through
the streets exposed to the weather and the public gaze.
New Water Tunnels. Chicago has well underway three tunnels through
which the future water supply is to come. They are what are known as the
Lake View tunnel, the North Shore Inlet Extension, and the tunnel which
starts from the Lake Front, near Park Row. When all are finished Chicago
will have an unrivaled water supply.
Ogden Statue The projected statue to the late William B. Ogden, first
mayor of Chicago, will be erected on the park front, just south of the inter-
section of North Clark and Wells Streets. This intersection is to be known
hereafter as Ogden Place. The heirs of the Ogden estate are to provide the
statue. No definite plans had been agreed upon up to this writing.
Revenge Circular. The following is the full text of the circular issued
by the anarchists of Chicago, after the suppression by the police of the riot
on '' the Black Road.'' [See "Black Road."] It was written by Adolph
Spies afterwards executed for his part in the Haymarket massacre.
" Revenge! Workingmen to Arms! Your masters sent out their bloodhounds, the
police. They killed six of your brothers at McCorrnick's this afternoon. They killed
tne poor wretches because they hud the courage to disobey the suprem will of
your bosses; they killed them because they dared to nsk tor the shortening of
the hours of toil; they killed them to show you, free American citizens, that
you must be satisfied and contented with whatever your bosses condescend to
allow you- or you will get killed. You have for years suffered unmensurable
iniquities: you have worked yourself to death; you have endure. I tde pangs of
want and hunger; your children you have sacrificed to the factory lords in fact you
have been miserable and ob client s aves all these years. Wh.\ ? To satisfy the insati-
able greed, to till the coffers of your lazy, thieving masters. When you ask them now
to lessen the burden they send their bloodhounds out to shoot you kill you. Jf you
are men, if you are the sons of your grandsires who have shed their blood to free you,
then you will rise in your might, Hercules, and destroy the hideous monster that
seeks to destroy you. To arms! We call you to arms! " Youit BROTHERS."
Riot of '77. Outgrowth of the great railroad strike throughout the
entire eastern portion of the United States, particularly in Pennsylvania.
Principal scenes of trouble in Chicago: South Halsted street from viaduct
a s
3
] *-
"P 4J
& ^
2 ^
u
> o
r
S w
THE ENCYCLOPEDIA. 413
to the Stock Yards; railroad tracks at Sixteenth street; W. Twelfth Street
Turner Hall and the entire southwestern portion of the city. The riot
threatened serious consequences for some days, but was finally quelled by
the arrival of United States troops from the plains
"Rookery.'' After the great fire of 1871 the municipality erected for
temporary use a two-story brick building on the half block bounded by
LaSalle, Adams and Quincy streets, and the alley between LaSalle and Clark
streets and called it the City Hall. It was also occupied by the Courts. The
structure was put up in great haste, and without regard to architectural
beauty. It is stated that pigeons used to flock to the building, induced
thither by a glass roof which surmounted a disused water tank which occu-
pied the center of the structure and by the oats which fell from the feed-bags
which the fire marshals used for their horses on the Quincy street side.
The story goes that one day a gentleman marched into Mayor Medill's office
to complain ot the pigeon nuisance and spoke of the building as a " rookery."
Whether this was the real origin of the term or not, the newspaper reporters
got into the habit of calling the building the " rookery," and it was generally
understood that they alluded to the dilapidated condition of the structure,
which from the day it was finished began to fall to pieces. At any rate the
name clung to it as long as the building stood, and when the present magnifi
cent structure took its place its owners decided to retain it. [See Rookery
Building.]
Shakespeare Statue, Lincoln Park. Take the North Clark or Wells street
cable lines. The site is near the Indian group. O. W. Partridge, sculptor.
The design was chosen by Mr. J. DeKoven, one of the trustees of the fund
left by Mr. Samuel Johnson for the erection of the monument.
Mr. Partridge, th artist who executed the statue, has made a careful
study of the death-mask of the great dramatist, consulted many able Shake-
sperian students, and spent some time at Stratford-on-Avon in order to pre-
pare himself for the work of reconstructing the portrait of a man whose
genius is sufficiently overawing to make any artist hesita'e before undertaking
the task of clothing it in the outward form which is to represent it. The con-
ception of Mr. Partridge is not the haughty actor or the solemn philosopher,
pondering on the frailty of humanity, but the smiling poet and observer of
mankind. The pose of the figure is graceful, as far as may be judged from
the photograph, and the costume and accessories seem to be in keeping. The
chair on which the figure is seated has a suggestion of heaviness about it, but
this is undoubtedly made necessary by the weight which it must support.
Sheridan Road. A. beautiful driveway that skirts the North shore,
between Lincoln Park and Fort Sheridan. This drive was projected as a
common roadway, but, the probable work in future improvements, as the
country along the North shore developes, is practically immeasurable. The
drive is at present about twenty-four miles in length, ranging in quality
from first-class asphalt pavement to a plain country road. The total cost of
work completed is about $500,000. This covers only the work done north of
Lincoln Park, and includes the work done on the six miles north of Edge-
water. The work has been carried on by private and municipal enterprise.
The character of the work, of course, varies with the present development
of the country. For this reason the southern part of the work is superior to
the work done in the northern half of the road. Through the villages along
414 GUIDE TO CHICAGO.
the shore old-established streets are made an integral part of the road. The
return drive through Evanston, Soulh Evanston and Rodgers Park is by no
means an unimportant part of this north-shore improvement. The section
of this drive in South Evanston has been set apart as a boulevard and the
work of improvement of the same will cost about $70,000. For a distance of
one and one-half miles this drive is to be paved with cedar blocks, curbed,
and lined with elm trees. The work of construction, particular!}' on the
northern part of theroad, has been much more difficult than that of ordinary
boulevarding around Chicago. Instead of a smooth and uniformly level
street, the road winds around the sides of ravines and runs over hills and
down declines of from 50 to 100 feet. The road when finished will be turned
over to the commissioners of the various town and village authorities The
construction is in charge of the Sheridan Road Association, of which Mr.
Alexander Clark, of South Evanston, one of the originators of the sclieme of
improvement, is secretan r .
Sheridan Statue. To be erected to the memory of Gen. P. H. Sheridan
at Union Park, West Side, at the personal cost of Mr. Charles T. Yerkes. No
expense, it is understood, will be spared in making this one of the hand-
somest monuments of the city and in producing the most accurate likeness of
" Little Phil " in existence.
State Central Committees. The composition of Ihe State Cential Com-
mittees of Illinois is as follows: REPUBLICAN. Headquarters, Grand Pacific
Hotel, Chicago. Chairman, A. M. Jones; secretary, C. A. Partridge; treas-
urer, George Schneider. Members at large. A. M. Jones, Chicago; E. H.
Morris, Chicago. Members: 1st District, Pliny B. Smith, Chicago; 2d, G. J.
Chott, Chicago; 3d, Henry L. Hertz, Chicago; 4th. E. S. Conway, Oak Park;
5th, W. S. Frazier, Aurora; 6th, George S. Roper, Rock ford; 7th, Thomas
DiHer, Sterling; 8th, Thomas C. Fullerton, Ottawa; 9th, Dr. E. A. Wilcox,
Minonk; 10th, Isaac C. Edwards, Peoria; llth, Peyton Roberts, Monmouth;
12th, U. H. Keath, Quincy; 13th, C. R. Paul, Springfield; 14th, E. D. B inn,
Lincoln; loth, James H. Clark, Mattoon; 16th, A. H. Jones, Robinson; 17th,
H. J. Hamlin, Shelbyville; 18th, H. Brueggemau, Alton; 19th, James S. Mar-
tin, Salem; 20th, W. C. S. Rhea, Marion. DEMOCRATIC. Headquarters,
Sherman House, Chicago. Chairman, Delos P. Phelps; secretary, Theo. Nel-
son; treasurer, W. B Brinton Members at large: J. II. Baker, Sullivan; D.
P. Phelps, Monmouth; S. B. Chase, Chicago; J. C. Strain, Chicago; Andrew
Welsh. Aurora; J. R. Creighton, Fairfield; C. D. Hoiles, Greenville. Mem-
bers: 1st District, Thomas Gahan, Chicago; 3d, Joseph P. Mahoney. Chicago;
3d, W. F. Mahoney, Chicago; 4th, Fred Greisheimer, Chicago; 5th, Denis J.
Hogan, Geneva; 6th, W. O. Wright, Freeport 7th, C. C. Johnson, Sterling;
8th, P. C. Haly, Joliet; 9th, D. C. Taylor, Kankakee; 10th, S. Y. Thornton,
Canton; llth, J. W. Potter, Rock Island; 12th W. H. Hiurichsen, Jackson-
ville; 13th, J. D. Wright, Petersburg; 14th, Theodore Nelson, Decatur; 15th,
W. B. Brinton, Tuscola; 16th, John Landrigan, Albion; 17th, J. W. Lump-
kin, Carliuvillc; 18th, Timothy Gruaz, Highland; 19th, Walter Watson,
Mount Vernon; 20th, R. E. Sprigg, Chester. PROHIBITION. Headquarters,
Rockford. Chairman, John W. Hart; secretary, James Lamont; treasurer, J.
B. Hobbs. Members: 1st District, Rev. H. S.Taylor, Englewood; Rev. J. C.
Stoughton, Chicago; 2d, J. P. Bishop, Chicago, Nillis Johnson, Chicago; 3d,
Mrs. L. S. Rounds, A. E. Wilson, Chicago; 4th, MissII. L. Hood, J. B. Hobbs,
THE ENCYCLOPEDIA. 415
Chicago; 5th, M. H. Daley, DeKalb, J. N. Wheeler, Geneva; 6th,"Joho W.
Hart, Rockford; 7th, D- E. Holmes, Galva, F. E. Andrews, Sterling; 8th: M,
E. Cornell, Yorkville; 9th, E.E. Day, Kankakee, W. H. Boles, Eureka; 10th,
Dan 1 R. Sheen, Peoria, Rev. J. G. Evans, Abingdon; llth, J. R. Hanna,
Monmouth, L. F. Gumbart, Macomb; 12th, J. L. B. Ellis, Griggsville, II. S.
Wells, Quincy: 13th, R. H. Patton, Springfield; 14th, A, F. Smith, Decatur,
D. II. Harts, Lincoln; 15th, C. V. Guy, Danville, Geo. W. Gere, Champaign;
16th, Hale Johnson, Newton, G. B. Murray, Olney; 17th, L. F. Stoddard,
Ramsey, H. B. Kepley, Effingham; 18th; Jas. A. Watts, Nashville, A. J.
Meek, Marissa; 19th, A. M. Sterman, Dahlgren, John Lund, McLeansboro;
20th, J. F. McCartney, Metropolis, M. A. .Smith, Vienna.
Subterranean Theater Tae Hardy Subterranean Scenery Company was
incorporated recently with a capital of 300,000. This company proposes to
build a subterranean theater the plans of which contemplate a work of such
magnitude and novelty that they have been received with doubt and ridicule.
However, the projectors insist that they will be carried out. These plans
include the erection of a large building above the mouth of a shaft which
will penetrate the earth from six hundred to a thousand feet, showing coal
mines and weird subterranean caverns below. As the whole matter is in its
infancy, a description of it would be out of place here.
Telegraph Service. The Western Union Telegraph (main) office is
located on the southwest corner of Washington and La Salle sts. There are
branch offices in nearly all the leading hotels and in drug stores, etc.,
throughout the city. The Postal Telegraph (main) office is located at 12
Pacific ave. Branch offices of this company are likewise located at conven-
ient points, throughout the city. The main office of the American District
Telegraph are located at 501 Pullman building; it has numerous branches.
The B. & O. Telegraph office is at 70 Board of Trade; Chicago & Milwaukee
Telegraph Co., 7 Exchange Place, General Fire Alarm Telegraph Co., 118
La Salle st. Gold and Stock Telegraph Company, 289 La Salle st. Mes-
sengers may be called by any public telephone, or by signal boxes, found in
all public places.
Telepliones. Telephones may be found in the various branch offices of
the Chicago Telephone Company, in nearly all drug stores and in all hotels
and public places. The charge for messages is usually ten cents. The Cen-
tral Telephone office is located in the Telephone building, Washington and
Franklin sts , near mouth of tunnel. There are, besides the Chicago Tele-
phone Company, the following: American Cushman Telephone Co. ,242
S. Water st.; Central Union Telephone Co., Pullman building; Gray
National Telephone Co., 189 La Salle St.; Northwestern Overland Telephone
and Telegraph Co., 243 Adams st.; Police Telephone and Signal Co., 118
La Salle st.; Ravenswood Telephone Exchange, 410 Opera House building.
At the last annual meeting of the stockholders of the Central Union Telephone
Company it was shown that the gross earnings of the company increased dur-
ing 1891, $125,000. The number of instruments in use showed a net increase
of 1,934. The net earnings of the company amounted to $378,840, which is
equal to 5.74 per cent, on the $6,600,000 capital stock. The Central Union
Telephone Company was organized in 1883, and has now become the most
important telephone company in the West. Its territory comprises a number
416 GUIDE TO CHICAGO.
of Western States, including nearly all of Illinois outside of Cook County.
Board of Directors: C. H. BrownelJ, 11. C. Clowry, C. R. Cummiugs, M. G.
Kellogg, H. B. Stone, John F. VVallack, J. Russell Jones, John E. Hudson,
and F. H. Griggs. The old Executive Comniitte and the following oilicers
were elected: Henry B. Stone, president; W. S. Chapman, secretary.
Thomas Orchestra. The Theodore Thomas Orchestra, Theodore Thomas,
director, has been engaged for the Auditorium for three years, beginning
with the fall of 1891. Fifty gentlemen of Chicago subscribed $1 ,000 each as a
subsidy. Among the subscribers were Henry Field (deceased), Marshall Field,
C. L. Cummings, Franklin Mac Veagh, Potter Palmer and the Auditorium
Company. The Thomas Orchestra is the finest in existence. Two symphony
concerts and a public rehearsal will be given weekly during next winter at
the Auditorium, and probably nightly concerts through the summers of 1892
1893.
United States Appraisers' Building. Used for storage for bonded
goods and as offices for the United States appraisers in this city, stands at the
northern corner of Harrison and Sherman streets, with a frontage on both
streets. The principal entrance is on Harrison street. From foundation to
roof the structure has been built with a view to solidity and strength, and
the contractors claim that it can not be sufficiently overloaded with merchan-
dise to affect its stability in the least. It is likewise fireproof and braced and
anchored throughout.
The interior finish is simple but neat and in keeping with the outward
solid appearance. White oak, highly polished, is used exclusively for wood-
work; excepting the flooring in office and storage rooms, where yellow pine is
substituted. In the corridors tiling is utilized for floors, and tlie walls here
and around the stairways is imported yellow enameled brick. The plastering
is all laid on tire-proofiug. Iron stairways to the left ot the main entrance and
one passenger elevator furnish people the means of entrance and exit. Two
large freight elevators are also provided for the handling of merchandise.
University of Illinois. Located at Champaign, 111. Under State super-
vision.
Von Linne Statue, Lincoln Park. Erected to the memory of Carl von
Linne, or Lineaus as the world calls him, an illustrious native of Sweden.
The statue is of bronze, of heroic size, on a white marble pedestal, and it
overlooks the little common near the foot of Fullerton avenue. The spot is
one of the prettiest in the park. The monument is encirckd with fine trees
and it looks south over a tine expanse of landscape. It cost the Linnsean
Monument Association which built it 22,000, anu is one of the handsomest
monuments in the West. The statue was unveiled Ma} 23d, 1891.
William, Prince of Orange, Statue To be erected by the Netherlander of
Chicago, who have formed themselves into an organization called "William
the Silent Company," with officers as follows: G. Burkhoff, Consul of the
Netherlands, President; John Vanderpoel, secretary; A. Vanderkloot, treas-
urer; Henri U. Massman, the Rev. B. Debuy, F. H. Cooper, S. Bus, John
Defus, James H. Van Vlissengen, H. Pelgriem, the Rev. John Vanderhook,
and A. H. Nyland, directors. It is expected the statue will be finished and in
position before the opening of the World's Fair,
THE ENCYCLOPEDIA. 417
Terfces' Fountain, The. Among the great attractions for the visitor is
the magnificent electric fountain at Lincoln Park, which was presented to
the people of Chicago by Mr. C. T. Yerkes, president of the North and West
Side street railway companies. This fountain cost in the neighborhood of
$50,000, and is the finest of its kind in existence. It is in operation about
two hours every pleasant evening during the summer months, and presents
an enchanting spectacle to the hundreds of thousands of people who flock to
see it. It is as if the colors of a hundred rainbows were concentrated here
into one beautiful fountain of prismatic light. Its ever-changing glories
compel the coldest of observers to give expression to wonder, amazement
and delight. Take N. Clark st. cable line about 7 P. M. , during the summer
evenings, for main entrance to Lincoln Park and North Clark st., and walk
directly east toward the Lake shore.
NEWSPAPERS.
There are published in Chicago 24 dailies, 260 weeklies, 36 semi-month-
lies, 5 bi-monthlies, and 14 quarterlies, making a total of 531 d-iily and period-
ical newspapers. The fact was disclosed In the last report of the postmaster
general that the quantity of newspapers mailed by the publishers at the Chi-
cago postofflce equaled the amount mailed at Boston Cincinnati, New Orleans,
Buffalo and Baltimore combined, or at St. Louis, Cincinnati, San Francisco,
New Orleans and Baltimore combined, and also at Philadelphia, New Orleans,
Baltimore and Cincinnati combined, or in the entire thirteen Southern States,
with St. Louis combined, amounting to 20,000,000 pounds of serial matter.
The newspapers of Chicago have contributed wonderfully to the growth, to
the prosperity and to the fame of the city. To her great dailies is Chicago
particularly indebted for the intelligent and wide-spread publicity they have
given her at home and abroad. The following are the leading publications:
Abendpost. Location of publication office, 203 Fifth avenue; the Abend-
post Company proprietors. The Abendpvst is a German daily, published at
one cent per copy. Its first number appeared on September 2, 18^9. The
publishers were Fritz Glogauer and Wm. Kaufmann, the former being editor
and manager, the latter residing in Cleveland, O. From its original modest
office, at 92 Fifth avenue, the paper had to be removed only five months later
to more spacious quarters at 181 Washington street, and in March, 1892. to 203
Fifth avenue, where it occupies the whole five-story building. When the
Abendpost was seven mouths old the circulation had grown so large that it
became necessary to order two Goss printing presses, with a combined capacity
of 48,000 four or six-page papers per hour. On December 29, 1890, the
Abendpost was transferred to the Abendpost Company, with a capital stock of
|100,000. Fritz Glogauer was elected president and treasurer; Julius Gold-
zier, secretary. The Abendpost is entirely independent in politics and appeals
to no class or faction. It was successful from the start, and had reached a
bonn fide circulation of 35,000 on January 1, 1892. More than nine-tenths of
the subscribers, at the time stated, resided in the city of Chicago. The Abend-
post opens its books to all advertisers who wish to ascertain its circulation. It
ascribes the greater part of its financial success to this method of business.
418 GUIDE TO CHICAGO.
Arbeiter Zeitung. Location of publication office, 274 W. Twelfth street.
A German daily of socialistic proclivities. August Spies, hanged for com-
plicity in the Haymarket bomb-throwing, was editor of this newspaper at the
time of his arrest. A. R. Parsons, also executed, was one of its contributors.
It was then the open organ of the anarchistic movement. Since the execution
It has fallen into comparative obscurity, although it still has a large circula-
tion among the discontents. It is issued by the Socialistic Publishing
Societ}'.
Mail. Location of publication office, old Herald building, 120 Fifth
ave. Joseph Dunlop, editor and publisher. A one-cent evening newspaper.
The Mail had its origin in the Chicago Press, founded in 1882, by F. O. Ben-
nett; Mr. John J. Curran being associated in its management. The Press
passed into the hands of Messrs. Stevens & Dillingham, who changed its name
to the Evening Mail. In 1885 the Evening Mail was purchased by the Hatton-
Snowden Company, who again changed its title to the Chicago Mail. In
1887 it was purchased by the Chicago Mail Company, James J. West being
the principal stockholder, and upon the purchase by the latter of the Chicago
Tim.es its publication office was removed to the Times building, from which
it was issued until it passed under the management and control of Mr. Dun-
lop. Originally it was a democratic paper; under the management of the
Hatton-Snowden Company and James J. West, it was republican. It is at
present an independent publication.
Press, The Evening. Established 1891. An independent evening news-
paper; price, one cent.
Daily Globe. Location of publication office, 118 Fifth are. Incorporated
as Daily Globe Publishing Company. The Daily Globe was founded in 1887
by Horace A. Hurlbut, Andrew Matteson, Gen. Walter C. Newberry, Adlai
T. Evving, president of the Iroquois club; Chas. R. Dennett and other influen-
tial members of the Times staff under the late Wilbur F. Storey. The Daily
Globe continued under this proprietorship until 1890, when it came into the
possession of its present editor and publisher, Mr. Harry Wilkinson, who
owns the controlling stock. It is a pronounced Democratic newspaper. It is
edited with ability, and undei (he present management has grown steadily in
circulation and prominence until it is now rated among the great dailies of
Chicago. This statement can be verified by reference to such prominent news-
paper directories as "Rowell," and to that published by Lord & Thomas, of
this city. The Daily Globe has taken an activeinterestin promoting the World's
Fair, and is a fearless critic of the conduct of public officials, with the purpose
of securing good government. There are daily and Sunday editions printed
every morning in the year.
Daily National Hotel Reporter, The. Established in Chicago in 1871, and
is older by several years than any other paper devoted to the hotel interests.
It is an eight-page daily, and contains, in addition to the arrivals at the lead-
ing hotels of Chicago, much information of value to hotel-keepers, travelers,
merchants and business men generally. The office of the paper, together with
the Travelers' and Tourists' Exchange, a bureau of information concerning
hotels, winter and summer resorts in the United States, is located at No. 7
Monroe street, Chicago. The editor and manager is F. W. Rice.
THE ENCYCLOPEDIA. 419
Daily News. Location of publication office, 123 Fifth ave. Founded
December 26. 1875. An independent newspaper, having three distinct edi-
tions daily the Morning News, the Noon News and the Evening Newt,
The Chicago Daily News Company, proprietors, Victor F. Lawson,
editor and publisher. Circulation, daily, 220,000 copies. The found-
ers of the Chicago Daily News were Melville E. Stone, Percy R.
Meggy and William E. Dougherty. Mr. Dougherty's connection wit'h the
enterprise was very brief. Mr. Meggy retired within a year after the found-
ing of the paper. Mr. Lawson became practically the sole proprietor of the
Daily News upon the retirement of Mr. Meggy, Mr. Stone becoming its edi-
tor. The latter, however, after a time became a part owner. His connec-
tion with the paper was severed in 1888. Mr. Lawson from the first year of
the existence of the Daily News had been its publisher; in other words, its
financial and bminess manager, and the almost phenomenal growth of the
newspaper as a property, is largely due to the intelligent direction he has
given its business affairs. The Daily News at first occupied simply a cor-
ner of the present counting room for its business office, and a small room
in the top of the building for the accommodation of its editorial and compo-
sition departments. Originally it had a double cylinder Hoe press, with a
capacity of 3,000 per hour. This gave place early in the history of the paper
to a four cylinder Hoe, of a capacity (afterward doubled by stereotyping) of
about 6,000 per hour. In size it was a four-page paper of about nine by
twelve inches to the page, and made up_ after the style of the New York
newspaper of the same name. It was issued at noon, 3 p. M. and 5 P. M.,
daily, and contained merely the gist of the news local, domestic and foreign
without any pretention to amplification. Its editorial was paragraphic, and
aimed to compress ideas aud opinions into the smallest possible space, in
conformity with the general design of the news department, which was to
present facts stripped of all surplus verbiage. The price of the paper was
one cent, as it is now, and as peuuies were not in general circulation the
Daily News was confronted with the double task of introducing and popular-
izing the smallest unit of American coin. Mr. Stone was an editor of remark-
able ability and energy, and every line in the paper was made to sparkle under
his direction, yet the enterprise failed to meet with popular support, and at
least twice daring the first eighteen months of its existence the Daily J\ews
was on the eve of being abandoned as a failure. In the summer of 1887 the
great railroad riots occurred, and the Daily News, taking advantage of the
opportunity, issued hourly editions, giving the very latest news, perhaps in a
line, perhaps in a sentence, concerning the progress of the labor uprising in
Chicago, aud at other points of disturbance. This was while the paper was
still using i four-cylinder press. The press hummed from early morning until
late at night; utterly failing, however, to meet the demand. Over 90,000 copies
of the Daily News were struck off in a single day during these troublous
times, two -thirdsof which were printed on one side only, it being impossible, in
printer's parlance, to "turn the paper." After the riots the circulation fell to
less than 20,000 copies daily, but a gain was made of about 10,000. The paper
had become known to the people, and from that time on it has continued
to prosper, making such remarkable progress in circulation and influence
as to have attracted general attention throughout this country. In 1877
the Daily News absorbed the Evening Post, into which three years pre-
viously the Evening Mail had been merged, thus securing the Associated
Press franchise. In 1881 the publication of the morning edition, styled
420 GUIDE TO CHICAGO.
" The Morning News" was begun, for which the Associated Press franchise
was secured in 1882. Nothing can better serve to illustrate the marvelous
growth of the Daily News than the statement of the increase in its circulation
from vear to year. In 1877 its daily average was 22,037; in 1878, 38,314;
in 1879, 45,194; in 1880, 54801; in 1881, 75,820; in 1882, 88,723; in 1883,
99.723; io 1884. 125,178; in 1885, 131,992; in 1886, 152.851; in 1887, 165,376;
in 1888, 192,577; in 1889, 222,745; in 1890, 213,871; in 1891, 219,386. At this
writing ihe circulation averages about 220,000 a day, and is, with a single
exception, the largest daily circulation in America, the Daily News employed
about a dozen persons in all capacities in 1877. To-day there are 305 people
regularly and exclusively at work in making it, while by its sale thousands of
men, women and children are wholly, or partly,' supported. The Daily
News has now an equipment of four Hoe quadruple inserting presses, equiv-
alent to sixteen of the ordinary single machines, and having a capacity of
192,000 eight-page papers per hour. Admission to the press room is some-
times granted visitors on application at the counting-room.
Daily Sun, The. Published at the Union Stock Yards, Chicago,
111., wa estiblished by Harvey L. GoOdall, in the year 1868, and is still pub-
lished and owned by him. It Las a larger circulation in the southern portion
of the city, and in the southern territory recently annexed to the city, than
any other paper published in Cook county. It is devoted to general and local
news, and takes high rank as an advertising medium. It has a bona tide daily
circulation of 16,100 copies.
Dagbladet. A daily, published at 369 Milwaukee avenue.
Drovers' Journal, The. Daily, semi-weekly and weekly editions, the
most extensively circulated paper of its kind in existence, was established at
the Union Stock Yards, Chicago, 111., by Hirvey L. Goodall, the present
publisher and owner, twenty-two years ago. It is the recognized organ of
the live-stock trade of the United States, and boasts of a bona fide weekly out-
put of 190,500,
Evening Journal. Location of publication office, 161 Dearborn st. The
Chicago Evening Journal Company, publishers; John R. Wilson, publisher;
George G. Martin, managing editor. The oldest newspaper in Chicago. The
American was the first daily newspaper published in Chicago, or in the State
of Illinois. It was started by William Stewart, April 9, 1839, and the late
Judge Buckner S. Morris became its proprietor in 1841. It was discontinued
for want of support, October 17, 1842. On the last day of that month, W. W.
Brackett, who had been connected with the American, started the Kxpress as
its successor. In 18i4, at the opening of the presidential campaign of that
year, the political friends of Henry Clay formed a joint stock company,
bought out the Krpress and started the Journal as a whig campaign paper,
the first number being issued April 2','d. The stockholders appointed an
o litorial committee, consisting of J. Lisle Smith, Wm. H. Brown, George W.
Meeker, J. Y. Scanunon and Grant Goodrich, to conduct the paper, assisted
by Richard L. Wilson and J. W. Norris as office editors and business man-
agers. At the close of the campaign, which ended in the defeat of Mr. Clay
by James K. Polk, the newspaper office and the paper parsed into the hands
of Richard L. Wilson, who established it on apermanent basis as an organ of
the whig party. Mr. Wilson continued to edit it until he was appointed post-
master by President Zachary Taylor, in 1849; and when, with other "Seward
whig" officeholders, he was removed by Millard Fillmore, a few months
THE ENCYCLOPEDIA. 421
subsequently, he resumed the editorship, associating with him his brother,
Charles L., the publishing firm being Richard L. and Charles L. Wilson.
At the demise of the whig party, the Journal became a republican paper, and
has continued such until the present time. Richard died in December, 1856.
At that time Andrew Shutnan was associate editor; George P. Upton, city and
commercial reporter, and Benjamin F. Taylor, literary editor.
Charles L. Wilson became the sole proprietor of the Journal on the death
of his brother. In 1861, when Abraham Lincoln became president, and
William H. Seward Secretary of State, he was tendered and accepted the
appointment of secretary of the American Legation at London. He left the
Journal office in charge of John L. Wilson, an elder brother, as publisher,
and of Andrew Shuman, as editor. During the years of the War of the Rebel-
lion, the Journal prospered famously, and when, in 1864, Charles L. Wilson
resigned his official position abroad and returned to resume charge of his
newspaper establishment, he found it a very valuable property. His brother,
John L., retained his business connection with the office, and Mr. Shuman
continued as managing editor. In 1869 John L. retired, and Col. Henry W.
Farrar, his son-in-law, who was also Charles L.'s brother in-law, became
business manager. The great conflagration of 1871 consumed the
Journal office and all its books and materials. But it did not omit a single
day's issue. Before the flames which devoured the better part of the city
were fairly extinguished the energetic proprietor of the paper, seconded by a
force of editorial and reportorial assistants, who were as prompt and public-
spirited as their employer was resolute, hired the material and presses of a job
office on the west side of the river, and issued an Evening Journal at the
usual hour of publication, and it was issued regularly thereafter. In April,
1872, the Journal office was removed into a fine new five-story brick build-
ing, with a stone front, at 159 and 161 Dearborn street, where it continues to be
published to this day.
In 1875 Charles L. Wilson's health began to fail, and in March, 1878, he
died at San Antonio, Texas, whither, accompanied by his wife and infant
daughter, he had gone to spend the winter. Before his death he had per-
fected a plan for the re-organization of the Evening Journal as a joint stock
company, of which he was president, and Henry W. Farrar secretary and busi-
ness manager. After his death Mrs Wilson and her daughter, being his sole
heirs, became owners of nearly all the stock of the Journal company. Andrew
Shuman was elected president of the company and remained in editorial
control of the paper and Henry W. Farrar (Mrs. Wilson's brother) con-
tiuued as secretary, treasurer and business manager. On the first of
March, 1830, the company leased the newspaper establishment to Andrew
Siiuman and John It. Wilaon, a nephew of the late proprietor. This part-
nership was continued until January 1, 1883, at which time John R. Wilson
obtained control of a majority of the stock, the officers then being Andrew
Shuinau, president ; W. K. Sullivan, secretary, and John R. Wilson, treas-
urer. On Gov. Shuman's death in May, 1890, W. K. Sullivan was elected
president and John R.Wilson secretary and treasurer.
This is a brief history of the oldest daily newspaper published in Chicago.
Its pages are a retlox of the eventful years of its publication. Its columns are
chronicles of Chicago's progress from a small frontier village to a great and
progressive city. Fortunately nearly all the bound volumes of the old Amer-
ican, Express and Journal were saved from the tire of 1871, and some of the
most interesting and valuable historical data and relics of the city are con-
GUIDE TO CHICAGO.
tained within their covers. Among those now more or less famous, locally or
generally, who have at one time or another been connected with the Journal
as writers, are Benjamin P.Taylor, the poet and lecturer; George P. Upton,
now of the Tribune's corps of writers; J. C. K. Forest, subsequently of
" Long John " Wentworth's Democrat, but now of the News; Andre Matteson,
Horace White, of the New York Evening Post; Henry M. Smith, subsequently
city editor of the Tribune; J. H. McVicker, of McVicker's theatre; Prof.
Nathan Shepard.a popular lecturer; Paul Selby, editor of the Illinois State
Journal, at Springfield, III.; Prof. J. W. Larrimore, late principal of the
Cook county normal school, and now assistant principal of one of our city
public schools; Dr. Frank W. Reilly: W. K. Sullivan, late president of the
Chicago board of education; Chas. H. Wignall, deceased; John C. Miller,
F. F. Browne, and many others.
Freie Presse. Location of publication office, and 94 Fifth ave. Richard
Michaelis, editor. The Freie Presse was established in 1871 by Richard
Michaelis, its present editor, and has gained during the last two years 8,823
daily subscribers. In politics it is independent republican, and has been so
since its existence. Its columns teem with the latest and best local and tele-
graphic news from all parts of the world, and one of the features especially
interesting to the Germans is the large amount of choice and select items of
news from all parts of Germany. By virtue of its large circulation.it has become
a valuable advertising medium. In addition to daily editions, it also publishes
a newsy and interesting weekly edition, and also a Sunday edition, under the
name of Daheim, an excellent German Sunday newspaper. It is equipped
with a large staff of competent editors and reporters. It claims the largest
morning circulations of all German dailies west of New York City.
Ooodall's Daily Sun. A. daily newspaper published at the Union Stock
Yards, and devoted to news of special interest to dealers in live stock. Har-
vey L. Goodall, publisher and proprietor.
Herald. Location of publication office the Herald building, 154,
156 and 158 Washington street, near La Salle street. JameB W. Scott,
publisher. A morning independent, democratic newspaper, published
every day in the week. Founded in the spring of 1881, by a stock
company, of which James- W. Scott was the head. In its earlier years
it was an exponent of the idea that a small newspaper containing all
of the news in condensed form was best adapted for public convenience
and taste, but its greatest success has been achieved since it entered the
rield occupied by the older journals and vied with them in the magnitude
of its daily editions and in the elaborate presentation of news of every
description. In 1883, John It. Walsh purchased and still retains a con-
trolling interest in the Herald, which is now the most extensively circulated
morning paper in the West, with an advertising patronage that is second to
none. The Herald has erected a magnificent building for its exclusive use
and has supplied it with everything in the way of machinery and other
appliances that go to make a first-class newspaper plant. It is printed on
ten perfecting presses of the best pattern, having a capacity of more than
100,000 copies an hour. Its news service is remarkably comprehensive and
complete. In addition to a large local staff, it has correspondents in every
county seat throughout the Northwest, and in every city of importance in the
entire country. It also maintains branch offices in New York, Washington
THE ENCYCLOPEDIA.
423
Milwaukee and Springfield. The Herald was the first Chicago newspaper to
use illustrations extensively. It now employs several artists and maintains
its own engraving plant, where all of its cuts are manufactured by the zinc-
etching process. In politics, while the Herald has not been bound to party,
it has been a consistent supporter of the National Democratic organization,
iuits demand for the reformation and reduction of the protective tariff. The
executive staff of the Herald is as follows: Publisher, James W. Scott; man-
aging editor, H. W. Seymour; night editor, Charles G. Seymour; city editor,
S. P. Browne; business manager, S. G. Sea. -
NEW BUILDING OF CHICAGO HERALD. There is probably not another
building devoted to the publication of a newspaper in the world equalling it in
magnificence, and certainly there is none other in which so much attention
has been given to completeness of detail. On entering the imposing count-
ing room, the visitor will at once notice the fine Italian stone mosaic with
which the floor is hand inlaid, the counter of black Belgian marble, surmounted
with black iron, wrought in graceful designs, and the sixteen columns of
genuine Sienna marble; also the Italian marble wainscoting. They will also
be interested in the working of the automatic tubes, which convey advertising
matter to the composing room and news matterto the edilorial floor. Passing
four long distance telephones, entrance is had to the visitor's gallery, over-
looking ten Titanic presses. Next in point of interest is the composing room,
to which the visitor ascends in either of the two great elevators, framed in
handwrought iron, and which travel up a shaft walled from top to bottom
with the finest Italian marble. The walls of the composing room are white
enameled, and it is finished throughout in marble, iron and oak. Even the
type stands are of iron, with the Monogram of Ihe Herald wrought in gold in
each, and there are cases for 180 men on straight composition, to say nothing
of those employed on advertising copy. Electric calls at each case connect
with the copy-box, in the front of which is a perforated peg rack where are
assorted slugs, numbered on both sides for every compositor, and by which
the coppy cutter tells at a glance what and how many men are working on
"time" copy. An ariel railway takes advertising copy from the copy-box to
the "Ad" department, and the proof from thence to the proof-readers. Elec-
tric call speaking tubes connect the principal departments of the building.
The foreman's office is on an elevated platform, from which he can survey his
entire force. Every compositor has a clothes locker, and the marble closets
are unsurpassed in elegance by those of any hotel. Filtered ice water, with
a solid silver, gold-lined drinking cup, a restaurant finished in marble and
oak, and provided with reading tables and library, are other provisions for the
compositors. Four hundred electric lights illuminate this department, ad-
joining which is the stereotyping room with its two-ton metal pot, improved
mailing machine, matrix drying and matrix trimming machines. A Turkish
bath and marble walled toilet room is one of the luxuries afforded to the
workers in this room.
The editorial floors occupy the fourth and fifth floors. An [electric call
on the desk of each reporter connects with the city editor's desk, and electric
call speaking tube connections communicate with the principals throughout
the building. The editorial rooms cluster around a commodious library, and
in the telegraph room specially designed desks enclose typewriters and instru-
ments for twelve operators. The art department contains a photo-engraving
plant, complete in every detail, and run by electric motors. The apartments
424 GUIDE TO CHICAGO.
of the publisher of The Herald are probably the most luxurious offices in the
world. Telegraphic instruments of sterling silver, for his especial use, con-
nect with all the wires operated by the United Press, as well as those used by
The Herald; the electric call speaking tubes are of silver, as also are the
electric light fittings. The timbered ceilings, the seven foot wainscoting, and all
the furnishings of the room are of solid mahogany, and the walls above the
wainscoting are encrusted with matrices of The Herald. In the ante-room is
a long distance, portable desk telephone, which is the most complete instrument
of its kind ever made.
As a souvenir each visitor to The Herald Building receives a photograv-
ure of the mediaeval Herald, which, cast in bronze, ornaments the facade of the
building. This Statue alone cost several thousand dollars, and three large bas-
reliefs, illustrating the progress of printing, add still further to the striking
architecture of the building, which is so conspicuous a landmark of Wash-
ington street. The building-has been erected for the newspaper business, and
not for tenants; it embodies the result of eleven years of popularity with the
great newspaper reading public of Chicago and the Northwest.
Illinois Staats Zeitung. Location of publication office, northeast corner
of Washington st. and Fifth ave. Pounded in the spring of 1848. A daily
morning newspaper, printed in the German language. The Staats Zeitung
Company, proprietors. William Rapp, editor; Washington Hesing. man-
aging editor The founder of the Illinois Staats Zeitung was Robert Hoeff-
gen, who invested in the enterprise $200. Mr. Hoeffgen was assisted by an
apprentice who received seventy-five cents per week. In those days it was
incumbent upon the proprietor of a newspaper, not only to direct the general
management, but to do nearly, if not all, the work. At first the newspaper
appeared as a weekly. The editor and proprietor collected advertisements
and solicited subscriptions, set his own type, ran his own presses, and, having
completed his paper indoors, started out on the street with his entire edition
under his arm and distributed the same to his subscribers In the fall of
1848. Dr. Hellmuth then being the editor, the Illinois Staats Zeitung was the
only German newspaper in the United States to discover in the Buffalo plat-
form the principles upon which afterward was founded the Republican
party. The County of Cook gave Van Buren a majority of 1,200, no little
credit of which was due to the Illinois Staats Zeitung for its stanch and
unswerving advocacy of the principles laid down in that campaign. After
the presidential election Arnold Voss was the editor. He was succeeded in
1849 by Herman Krietre, and in 1850 Dr. Hellmuth again assumed the edi-
torial management. Under his charge the paper appeared twice a week
until 1851, when George Schneider became connected with the paper, and
changed it into a daily, with 70 subscribers, its weekly list being ouly a little
over 200. In 1853 the circulation of the Illinois Staats Zeitung increased to
over 500, which necessitated the employment of three carriers. In 1854 the
number of subscribers had increased to 800. George Hill Gaertner was at
this' time associated with George Schneider. As the Illinois Staats Zcitunrj
was the first German newspaper to discover the cardinal principles of the
Republican party in the Buffalo platform, so it was the first to oppose the
Nebraska bill and to begin the determined opposition to Douglas. It was
mainly instrumental in leading the Germans into the Republican party, and
in 1856 was using its utmost endeavors in behalf of Fremont. In that ever
memorable campaign between, Lincoln , and Douglas in .1858, .no parser did
THE ENCYCLOPEDIA. 425
more for the success of Mr. Lincoln than did the Illinois Staats Zeitung
From this time on began to develop the influence of the Illinois Staats
Zeitung, which has been ever felt in the Common Council, the Legislature,
but especially in political campaigns in Cook County, for more than once has
it been opposed by the entire Anglo-American press, but yet has carried the
day. In 1861 William Rapp became the editor of the Illinois Staats Ztitung.
In the same year Mr. Lorenz Brentauo bought out Mr. Hoeffgen's interest
and assumed the editorial management. In the fall of that year Mr. George
Schneider sold his interest to Mr. A. C. Hesing. Messrs. Brentano and Hesing
-were associated together until 1867, when Mr. A. C. Hesing purchased Mr.
Brentano's interest. In this year Mr. Herman Raster assumed the editorial man-
agement, which position he filled until his death in July, 1890. The gieat fire of
1871 claimed the Illinois St/tat* Zeitung as one of its victims. Its loss was
total, yet it was among the first of the Chicago dailies to appear, and that too
within forty-eight hours after the fire had ceased. Preparations were soon
made for permanent quarters. On the 10th of March, 1873, its present mag-
nificent structure was completed and occupied. The cost of the same, with
machinery, presses, etc., amounted to nearly $300,000. The Illinois Slants
Zeitung of to day is among the German newspapers, second only to the New
York Stoats Zeitung in wealth and circulation, while in ability, in power and
in influence it is not equaled, much less surpassed, by any German news-
paper of the United States. The combined circulation of the editions of the
Illinois Staats Zeitung amount to over 97,000, being larger than that of any
German newspaper published west of the Alleghany mountains.
Inter Ocean, The. Location of publication office, northwest corner of
Madison and Dearborn streets. The Inter-Ocean Company, proprietors. Wil-
liam Pena Nixon, editor. H. H. Kohlsaat, publisher, "in 1861 the late
James W. Shehan founded the Morning Post. In 1865 the Post franchise
was purchased by the Republican Company, at Ihe head of which was
Charles A. Dana, at present editor of the New York Sun. Previous to
the great fire of 1871 the Republican was conducted by Joseph B. McCul-
lagh, at present editor of the St. Louis Globe- Democrat. After the great
fire of 1871 there was little left of the Republican except, its franchise,
which was purchased by the late J. Young Scammon, then a banker,
and one of the leading citizens of Chicago; who, on March 25, 1872,
founded the Inter-Ocean. The republicanism of the initial number of the
Inter Ocean was of the most stalwart order, the proprietor indicating the spirit
of the paper in the crisp declaration. " Independent in nothing; republicanin
everything." Mr. Scammon went into the enterprise with characteristic zeal
and energy, and calling to his assistance a number of practical and experienced
men, soon made the Inter Ocean a political power, not only in the city and
State, but throughout the Northwest. Its radical republicanism and devo-
tion to the party it professed to represent were made so manifest during the
presidential campaign of 1872, that it at once secured an influence in the party
not equaled by many journals of long standing. The erratic course of other
journals claiming to be republican also contributed much to the success of the
new venture, and the circulation of the paper increased rapidly Mr. Scam-
mon continued to be the sole proprietor of the Inter Ocean until the spring
of 1873, when Frank W. Palmer, of Des Moiues, Iowa, bought a large interest
and became editor-in-chief. Under his management the paper prospered
426 GUIDE TO CHICAGO.
until the panic of 1873 prostrated the affairs of the country and caused the flnan
cial embarrassment of Mr. Scammon, the principal proprietor. In the fall of
1875 the corporation, under pressure of a large indebtedness, was compelled
to sell the paper to a new organization. The transfer brought the Inter Ocean
under the control of William Penn Nixon, who had been for some years the
business manager. Notwithstanding the great depression of the times, the
paper was put on a firm footing by the infusion of new capital, the intro-
duction of new machinery, and entered upon a new era of prosperity . Through
all its vicissitudes the Inter Ocean maintained its political integrity. The
weekly Inter Ocean has a circulation varying from 90,000 to 140, 000 copies.
Postage on the Inter Ocean for the year 1890 was $13,379.77. The Inter
Ocean is printed on perfecting presses of the Scott & Bullock patterns and was
the first paper in the country to perfect and use a folder, machinery for
cutting and folding and pasting. Until May 1, 1880, the Inter Ocean was
published at 119 Lake street. The establishment was then moved to more
commodious and convenient quarters at 85 Madison street. In 1890 the Inter
Ocean moved into its present handsome structure. The new building is
arranged to meet the requirements of every department of a great metro-
politan paper.
List>/. A Bohemian daily newspaper, founded in 1883, and published at
362 W. Eighteenth st.
Post. Publication office, 164 and 166 Washington st. The Chicago
Evening Post Company proprietors. James W. Scott, president; C. Mc-
Auliff, managing editor; A. F. Portman, business manager. The Evening
Post issued its first number on Tuesday, April 29, 1890, from temporary
quarters at 128 and 130 Fifth avenue. It came into the world a complete
newspaper of eight pages, and at once assumed a place and clientage of its
own. In January, 1891, it moved into its entirely new and commodious
quarters, The Evening Post building, 164 and 166 Washington st., a hand-
some, modern structure, especially constructed by and for the Evening Post.
The building has a frontage of 40 feet on Washington street, and extends 175
feet back to Calhoun Place, having light on three sides and from a roomy
court. The counting room and publication office occupy the ground floor,
and the editorial rooms the upper floors. In the basement are six Scott
presses each with a capacity of 15,000 an hour. Each department is
equipped with the most modern devices for speed, accuracy and convenience.
The Evening Post is independent in politics as in all other things. It is pre-
eminently a newspaper. Direct wires connect its office with Washington,
New York, Springfield and other news centers, and carry day by day a
larger telegraph service than was ever before attempted by an afternoon
paper.
The Evening Post is especially, aside from its news features, noted for the
fullness and accuracy of its commercial and financial reports, its intelligence,
of society and women, its art, musical and theatrical features, its sporting intelli-
gence and for its wealth of literary and miscellaneous matter. Its numerous
illustrations are easi ly among the best printed in the daily papers of the world.
They find a handsome setting in the typographical beauties of the paper's
well printed pages. In spite of a continually increasing pressure up'on its
columns by advertisers, the Evening Post has refused to exceed its limit of
eight pages. In that space it finds room to give a daily summary of the
affairs of the world, in form at once complete and readable. The apprecia-
THE ENCYCLOPEDIA. 427
tion of Chicago people for such service is attested by the growing circulation
of the Evening Post, which, within a year of its birth, exceeded that of any
other paper in Chicago, with the possible exception of two, and which has
been rapidly increasing ever since.
Skandinaven, The. Location of publication office, the Skandinaven
Building, 183, 185 and 187 N. Peoria street, West Side. Take Milwaukee
avenue cable line, or Indiana street horse car to Peoria. John Anderson
company, publishers. John Anderson, president; Franklin S Anderson,
secretary; L. J. Lee, treasurer. Franklin 8. Anderson, Business manager;
Peler Hendrickson, A. M.,.Ph. D., editor in chief. Founded in 1866 by
John Anderson and Knud Langland; present issues: Daily Skandinaven, four
to ten pages; Sunday Skandinaven, eight to twelve pages; Weekly Scandinaven,
twelve to sixteen pages; Bi-Weekly Skandinaven (European Edition) no adver-
tisements, ten columns quarto; monthly, the Hu sbibliothtk ( " Home Library^)
a high class literary and family periodical; forty-two pages. The Skandinaven
was at its birth a four-page weekly paper. It remained a weekly till after the
great fire of 1871, when a daily issue was commenced, which has been con-
tinued without interruption to the present time. Its earliest editor, Mr. Knud
Langland (now deceased), was one of the ablest Skandinavian journalists of
his times and did much towards popularizing the paper and extending its influ-
ence and usefulness. He, however, remained a partner of Mr. Anderson but
a short time, and the work of building up the property and placing it upon the
solid basis which it occupies to-day 'devolved entirely upon the latter. The
Scandinaven passed through all the trials and troubles incident to the estab-
lishment of a newspaper, but, though in a small way at the beginning, made
steady gains, and early in live seventies began to command credit, respect and
circulation. To-day it has a' larger circulation than any other paper printed
in the Scandinavian language in this country. Mr. Anderson, the head
of the establishment, was brought to Chicago by his parents in 1845. Learn-
ing the printing business he became connected with the Chicago Tribune
and set type for that paper when it was a very small and humble sheet.
He is, therefore, a practical newspaper man, and his knowledge of the
art of printing extended at an early age beyond the newspaper composing
room. The result of this has been the building up of a job printing
establishment in connection with the Scandinaven which in many ways
ranks above some of the most pretentious in the country. The Scandinaven
job department, for instance, will accept English copy and turn it out
in Scandinavian (which means Norwegian, Danish or Swedish), German,
French, Spanish, Italian. Bohemian or Polish type. All matter is
translated (except, perhaps, high class books) in its composing room. The
work thus produced includes commercial pamphlets, catalogues, circulars, etc.
From this department, 'also, is issued in Norwegian a large number of original
works and reprints. The John Anderson Company publishes about twenty-
five new books annually. Popular American and foreign works are either
translated entire or adapted for Scandinavian readers. In addition to this, the
house is the largest importer of Skandinavian books in the United States . The
bindeiy is in itself one of the most important depaitments, and very hand-
some editions are produced in paper, cloth and more expensive covers. The
practical knowledge of Mr. Anderson has been felt in the press room as well.
The entire basement of the building (with the exception of a portion given
over to the storage of paper, which the firm purchases in large quantities,
being one of the heaviest consumers in the city, is occupied with machinery
428 GUIDE TO CHICAGO.
of the latest pattern and most modern devices. The facilities of the con-
cern for turning out large jobs are not inferior to any in the city. Mr. Ander-
son's ideas have naturally made themselves felt upon the editorial course of the
Skandinaven and its allied publication. He was an Abolitionist and Free
Soiler in his young manhood, and when it was a crime to oppose the slave
element. He has always been a staunch republican. He believes in clean
journalism and clean politics, and the moral tone of the Skandinaven has
always been maintained at the highest. There are inthe northwest to-day fully
1,250,000 ISkandinavians. Asa rule the}' are an educated, thrifty, economical
and progressive people. While many cling to the cities, and occupy positions
of honor among the commercial classes in Chicago, St. Paul, Minneapolis
and other centers, the great majority have agricultural tastes, and some of the
finest farms in the northwest are owned and operated by them. To these
people the daily or weekly editions of the 8/candinaven bring the news.
From the Skandinaven they obtain the drift of cunent opinion,
while it keeps them acquainted with the world's doings in
every department of human activity. The Huslribliothek monthly brings
them literary contributions , and discusses matters of interest to the house-
holder, the farmer, the housewife and the young people. Naturally they go
to the Skandinavian printing house also for the more permanent character of
reading matter, and hence the large book trade of the company. People who
want to talk to the Skandinavians of the great Northwest, talk to them
through one or the other of the editions of the Skandinaven, and the advertis-
ing patronage enjoyed by the company is very extensive and profitable.
Prof. Peter Hendrickson, the editor-in-chief, who, with five assistants, con-
ducts the literary, news and general departments of these publications, was
for sixteen years an honored member of the faculty of Beloit college, and
retired from that position to assume his present responsible duties. He is not
only a ripe, but a versatile scholar, and his pen commands the English,
Scandinavian, German and French languages with equal facility. His work
has given tone to the pages of the Skandinaven. He is a tireless worker.
No English journalist can conceive the daily task which confronts
the editor of a great Skandinavian newspaper in this country. Everything
must be translated that is not originally written in Norwegian. Everything
must be condensidison university and
commenced as an apprentice in the establishment, going thiough all the
departments, and attaining a proficiency in the business.
The Skandinaven building (see illustration) is a structure 60x118, 3
stories and basement, of modern design and substantial construction.
Times. Location of publication office, northwest corner of Washington
st. and Fifth ave. The Chicago Times Company, proprietors. Founded in
1854 as a democratic party paper more especially as a personal and political
organ of Senator Douglas. It was continued with varied fortunes and by
different owners as a democratic paper, representing the different factions of
the party, until 1861, when it was purchased by Wilbur F. Storey. During
the whole period of its existence, until this purchase, it probably had never
THE ENCYCLOPEDIA.. 42)
been legitimately sustained for a single week, having relied upon party con-
tributions for sustenance. Not having been in any true sense a newspaper,
it had not acquired more than a meager circulation, and its advertising pat-
ronage was of small account. When purchased by Mr. Storey it had been
for some time conducted at a loss of hundreds of dollars per week, its last
owner having been Mr. Cyrus H. McCor;nick, and it was not until the lapse
of some months that Mr. Storey was enabled to bring it up to the condition
of a remunerative newspaper. During Mr. Storey's management it became
one of the leading independent democratic newspapers of the country. It
bolted the democratic party in the famous Greeley campaign, and though
leaning strongly to that party always, during Mr. Storey's lifetime, it
occupied a position of independence which frequently embarrassed the
democratic managers, National, State and local. In 1879 Wilbur F.
Storey's health began to give away, and from that time until his death, in
1884, the newspaper which he had so ably managed sank gradually into a
condition of mediocrity. Upon his death the properly was placed in the
hands of a receiver, and for over three years, or until the winter of 1887, it
lost heavily in circulation and business, the ownership of the property being
involved in law-suits between the widow and heirs at law of Mr. Storey. On
the 24th of December, 1887, the Chicago Times newspaper, appurtenances
and building passed into the control of James J. West, who organized the
Chicago Times Company, which ultimately became the proprietor and pub-
lisher of the paper. Prom that time on new life was infused into the Times
newspaper, and it began to assume something of its old time vigor. The
price being reduced at first from five to three cents, and afterward to two
cents, its circulation grew rapidly, and its advertising patronage increased.
In the summer of 1889 litigation arose among the stockholders, which
resulted in the sale of the paper, in September, 1891, to Mr. H. J. Huiscamp,
who sold it the following October to " The Newspaper Company," a close
corporation with Hon. Carter H. Harrison as general manager and editor. In
his salutatory to the public the new editor pledged that " The Times would
be a first-class newspaper, democratic in principles, but not a slave to party.
That it would be no man's organ and would have no hobbies to ride and no
axes to grind." The paper is now free from all former complications, owes
no debts, has abundant financial backing, and bids fair to attain to its former
prosperity. The force of Mr. Harrison's personality is evident in every edi-
tion of the paper. The make-up has been greatly improved. It is 'plain
that there is a better spirit in the office that at any time since Mr. James J.
West was in control, and that men are at the heads of departments who
understand the wants of the public and know something of the means
employed to meet them. Mr. Harrison was four times elected Mayor of
Chicago. He is a man of culture and of experience in the ways of life, home
and abroad.
Tribune. Location of publication office, southeast corner of Madison and
Dearborn sts. The Chicago Tribune Company, proprietors. Joseph Medill,
editor-in-chief. The Chicago Tribune is a daily newspaper, with every equip-
ment necessary to the successful conduct of a great journal. It has the
advantages of age and experience, and the means to present to the public
the fullest and most reliable information of events transpiring in the
world. Its building, erected after the great fire of 1871, on the site of
the former structure, was planned and completed for the home of a great
430 GUIDE TO CHICAGO.
newspaper. There is no facility lacking. Its presses, manufactured
to order, combine the very latest improvements, and have the speed necessary
to supply any demand that may arise. In every department where mechan-
ics are important, the Tribune is unsurpassed. In its arrangements for the
collection of news the Chicago Tribune acknowledges no superior in its pro-
fession. Its correspondents, many of whom have a national reputation for
their intimate knowledge of, and prominence in, political and social affairs,
are under instruction to deliver to the Tribvne, up to the latest hour in every
morning of the year, impartial and full reports of every event, regardless of
expense. Its financial reports are relied upon by bankers, capitalists and opera-
tors; its record of occurrences at home makes it a family daily; its political and
literary features are among the ablest and most discriminating in the country.
The history of a great newspaper, like the Chicago Tribune, is of interest, not
only in its own country, but to the people of the world who will be in Chicago
during the next few months, and to whom the Tribvne, through the editor of
this work, extends a welcome invitation to make an inspection of its building
and the operations necessary to the making up a complete record of the daily
" map of life." The first number of the Chicago Tribune was issued on the
tenth day of June, 1847, in the third story of a building on the corner of Lake
and La Salle sts. One room was sufficient for its humble beginnings. Its
founders were James Kelly, John E. Wheeler, Joseph K. C. Forrest and
Thomas A. Stewart. The history of the paper from that time until 1854 is one
of trials. The town of Chicago was in its swaddling clothes; people were
poor; facilities for gathering news were few and oftentimes there were none
at all. In 1854, two important events in the history of the Tribvne had
occurred. One was the issuing of a fri-weeklv, the other the publication of
Associated Press dispatches, which association the Tribune assisted in organ-
izing, and of which it remains a member.
Up to this time, several changes had taken place in the proprietary interests
and management of the Tribune. It was about this time that Mr. Joseph
Medill, now editor-in-chief and principal owner, came to Chicago from Cleve-
land, O., and purchased an interest in the Tribune. In 1855 he became manag-
ing editor and business manager and organized a staff. It was at this time that
the Chicago Tribune commenced to assume the features of a metropolitan
daily newspaper. The old press, previously operated by hand, was removed
to make room for a steam-power press. From that day until the present, the
standing question in the Tribune office has been, "How can we get more
presses and faster to reach the daily increasing circulation?" In 1858 the
Tribune absorbed the Democratic Prfss of this city and for a while the paper
was issued as the Press and Tribune.
In 1860 the name of the paper was restored, and in 1861, under an act of
the legislature, the Tribune Company was incorporated with a capital of
$200,000, the principal -stockholders being J. L. Scripps, William Bross,
Charles H. Ray, Joseph Medill and Alfred Cowles.
Mr. Medill became editor-in-chief in 1874, and has had the controlling
interest since. It is under his administration that the paper has reached its
present extraordinary success. In 1871 occurred the fire which forms one of
the pages of the world's history. On the night of the 8th of October in that
year, one-half of the Tribune had been printed. [This was before the present
system of printing an entire paper at once was known.] The facts, incidents
and other data of the fire had been written and sent to the composing room.
THE ENCYCLOPEDIA. 431
But before the hour of going to press the flames had reached the Tribune
buildings and driven out every occupant. It was soon in ruins, but two days
later the Tribune reappeared.
The greatness of the Tribune was thus shown in its resources. Its home
was in ashes Monday night. On the following Wednesday it had reappeared.
Mr. Medill procured a temporary building on Canal St., near Randolph, and
the paper was issued from there Wednesday morning, with a very full
account of the greatest tire in the history of conflagrations.
In exactly one year from that date the Tribune had completed its present
building and moved into it. It required something more than money to
accomplish these wonders. This something the Tribune still retains and
it is that which has caused the daily circulation to travel upward from 2,240
in 1855, to more than 90, 000 in 1891, and which has made it one of the greatest
advertising mediums in the whole country.
It is not necessary to enlarge upon the history of the Tribune. The
project of the World's Columbian Exposition was in part one of the sugges-
tions of its editor and to its completeness he has contributed most valuable
service and counsel.
NEWSPAPERS WEEKLY AND OTHER PUBLICATIONS.
Among the weekly publications of Chicago there are many which rank
with the best in the country. These, together with other publications of a
general character, are mentioned below:
Afloance. Published by the Advance Publishing Company, 15? and
155 La Salle street, is the representative of the Congregational denomination
for the Interior aud West. Its first number was published in 1867. The
Rev. W. W. Patton, D D., afterward president of Howard University, was
its first editor, and the material interests were looked after by a syndicate
composed of some prominent Congregational laymen of Chicago. This
regime was succeeded a few years later by an editorial management con-
. ducted by General Chas. H. Howard and Rev. DeWitt Talmage, of New
York. The firm of C. H. Howard & Co. were the publishers. In 1882
the Advance Publishing Company was organized and Rev. Robert West was
elected editor and business manager, which position he held until his death.
Upon the death of Mr. West, the management was assumed by the present
grovern>v.eut: Mr. II. S. Harrison, editor and manager; Rev. Dr. F. A.
Noble, Rev. Dr. Simeon Gilbert and Rev. J. A. Adams, editorial staff. Dr.
Noble has since been succeeded by president Chas. F. Thwing, of Western
Reserve University.
Banner of Gold, The. Published at 296 Dearborn street. A weekly
paper of 16 pages, illustrated by the best artists, printed upon heavy super-
calendared paper, with a handsomely ornamented cover in old gold. It is
edited by Colonel N. A. Reed, Jr., aud Charles Eugene Banks, both old and
well-known newspaper men. Among its leading contributors are Opie Read,
Stanley Waterloo, John J. Flinn, Dr. Leslie E. Keeley, Martha Howe David-
son, LeRoy Armstrong, John McGovern and other popular writers. While
the Banner of Gold is the organ of the bi-chloride of gold clubs, and gives
432 UIDE TO CHICAGO.
ranch space to their interests, it occupies a wide literary and artistic field. It
takes a high moral stand upon all questions of public interest. It advocates
all measures for uplifting humanity, and in every respect is a family news-
paper of superior excellence. The subscription price is $2.00 per annum, in
advance.
Brainard's Musical World. Location of publication office, 145-147 Wab-
&sh ave. The S. Brainard's Sous Company publishers. A valuable magazine
for people of musical taste and culture and for professionals. Numbers
among its contributors some of the best writers on musical subjects in the
country. Subscription price, $1.50 per annum.
Chicago Dramatic Journal. The Chicago Dramatic Journal is the suc-
cessor of tiie Chicago Theatrical & Sporting Jourual, which was established
by A.dams & Corbitt in June, 1882. The paper as originally printed was
in newspaper form of six columns to the page, eight pages, and for five years
had an average circulation of ten thousand copies per week. At this time
the paper was incorporated under the tille of the F. B. Adams Publishing
Company, with a capital stock of $10,000, the form and title of the pub-
lication changed to that of The Sporting Journal, and in form made a quarto
sheet of twelve pages, four columns to the page, printed on fine paper and
richly embellished with engravings of prominent professional people. In
this manner the paper was continued until February 2, 1891, when the pub-
1 cation and its good will was purchased by Hunt & Jenney, the paper
increased in size to sixteen pages, and the name changed to that of the
Chicago Dramatic & Sporting Journal. Hunt & Jenuey continued together
in its publication for seven months, when Eugene Hunt purchased the
interest of Mr. Jenney, becoming sole proprietor of the paper, and in his
hands the word "Sporting" was eliminated from the title as well as from the
matter and make-up. The work of reconstruction was thorough in every
department, the desire being to make The Journal a representative, high-
class dramatic publication. This has steadily increased in influence and
circulation, and to day stands prominent among the publications of its class
in America. It is handsomely printed, and is in every respect a model
Dramatic sheet. It is centrally located and has pleasant, ccsy offices in the
Chicago Opera House Block.
Ghicayo Eagle, The. Established in 1889 as an independent political news-
paper. It is devoted exclusively to politics, and is extensively read, not only
in Chicago, but throughout Illinois and the Northwest. It has a regular
weekly circulation of over 23,000, and has been a financial success from the
start. Henry F. Donovan is the proprietor and editor. The Eagle enjoys an
advertising patronage second to no weekly in Chicago. It is very popular
with all people taking an interest in politics. Price (subscription), $2 per
year.
Citizen, The A. weekly newspaper devoted to American and Irish inter-
ests, was established by Hon. John F. Finerty on Saturday, Jan. 14, 1882,
an 1 has consequently entered on its eleventh year. In politics it is indepen-
dent, and, although friendly to the Catholic idea, it is entirely a secular paper.
It believes in the union of all races and creeds for the common good ; believes
als > in a stalwart foreign policy for America : is a protectionist in principle,
and an unswerving advocate of the independence of Ireland. It has a largo
constituency throughout the Union and Canada, but particularly in the North-
western States.
[Engraved for The Standard Guide Company.]
DEARBORN ST. THE "JOURNAL" AND STOCK EXCHANGE BUILDINGS
[See " Newspapers" and "Exchanges."]
THE ENCYCLOPEDIA. 433
Credit Company, The. Officers in the Ponliac Building. This company
has achieved such marked aud deserved recognition throughout the United
States and Canada, by reason of the efficient character of its publications,
as to become of special interest to bankers, commercial houses, attorneys, or
any one doing business through cocrespondents. Its annual bank directory,
' The Bankers and Attorney's Register," is generally recognized as a model of
arrangement, compilation anel authenticity, not only bearing the indorsement
of the United States treasury department, but also the stamp of patronage
from every city, north, south, east and west. In addition to its adoption as
a bank directory of the most recent and authentic compilations, it also lies
upon the counters of business houses for ready reference in the issuance of
drafts or other correspondence with banks, or for tbe purpose of claims, giv-
ing a system of guaranteed collections, embracing carelully selected attorneys
in every cityand town. The Banker'sand Attorney's Register is supplemented
by the Credit Review, a monthly review of the financial and business world,
an epitome of the experience and opinions of leaders in finance, commerce,
and trade generally. The circulation of there publications is not confined to
any one section, but is as general as is the distribution of trade and commerce
throughout the United States and Canada.
When one considers the ever-changing condition of banks, their officers,
capitalization and profits, their organization in both new and old territory,
some approximate idea may be had of the enormous mails, correspondence
and reports necessary for the successful and accurate compilation of these
works, to date of each issue. Not to speak of the machinery of publication,
aud afterward of the selection and equipment of reliable agents wLo shall
distribute, renewing with regular patronage, and introducing with new
throughout the land.
Economist The. Location of publication office, 59 Dearborn street.
Clinton B. Evans, editor. A weekly financial, commercial and real estate
newspaper, with intermediate issues whenever any great event in its field
demands. It is the only newspaper in Chicago making a specialty of the
money aud security markets, grain and provisions and real estate, and has
had an exceptionally successful career. It is the authority on the subjects of
which it treats, and has a large circulation in Chicago and elsewhere. The
bankers, brokers, capitalists, real estate owners and dealers, intelligent mer-
chants and students of finance in Chicago are, almost without exception,
among its readers, and it has a good and rapidly growing circulation at other
points in this country, as well as in London, England, whose financiers look
to it for a considerable part of their information on such American business
affairs as they are interested in. The Economist, employing recognized
experts for its various classes of work, and spending money freely, is pretty
sure to get the best there is in the line of news and comment. The financial
and commercial interests of Chicago are growing so rapidly that an abundance
of capital and enterprise are required to keep a newspaper abreast of the times.
The Economist Publishing Company, which owns the Economist, seems to
possess both of these requisites ip abundance.
The Economist publishes weekly a leading article entitled " The Business
Situation," which sets forth the condition of business affairs the world over;
a full descriptive and statistical department under the head of " Grain and
Provisions;" an instructive page or more on " Money and Securities in Chi-
cago;" a review of the New York stock market; and an elaborate presentation of
434 GUIDE TO CHICAGO.
the real estate news of Chicago and vicinity, often taking up ten pages or
more. A Life Insurance department is one of the more recent features. It is
under th& supervision of one of the ablest writers on that subject in the
United States. In addition, there are articles each week on important eco-
nomic subjects written by the most capable experts.
The Economist, although started as recently, as October, 1888, has reached
a very high position among American publications.
Farmers Review, The. Publication . office, suite 1102 and 1103 Owings
building; Messrs. Haunibal H. Chandlar & Co., propiielors, established in
1878. It is published every Wednesday, and presents to its readers a large
amount of practical information in the smallest possible space. Its market
reports are full; its departments of agriculture, horticulture, stock, dairy,
poultry and apiary, contain articles of a practieal nature from the best
writers, while the household department will be found full of original and
selected matter, interesting to adults and instructive to the young. It has full
reports of all fairs, stock shows, conventions, etc., and has a regular organ-
ized corps of crop correspondents. The editorial department is under the
charge of Mr. A. S. Alexander, a gentleman of long practical acquaintance
with the needs and requirements of farmers, and a clever and forcible writer.
Figaro. Publication office, Pontiac building, 358 Dearborn street; a
society and literary paper, which has attained great popularity, aiid a large
circulation among the elite of the city. Mr. Harold Wynne, a young
writer of considerable distinction in his profession, is the editor. W. G. F.
Dailey is the proprietor.
Exposition Graphic, The. A quarterly edition of the weekly Graphic
devoted to the World's Columbian Exposition. Fifty-six pages. Printed in
Luglish, German, French and Spanish. The Exposition Graphic is conducted
upon a broad and comprehensive knowledge of the benefits and material
advantages to accrue to the United States and to the nations of the world
from the great international peace congress; and its efforts in exploiting the
magnificence of the enterprise abroad and at home is doing much to increase
the interest in the great undertaking. Thenumbersof the Exposition Graphic
will undoubtedly form the most complete and admirable history of the incep-
tion, progress and unparalleled success of the Columbian Exposition that
will be printed, its artistic excellence surpassing anything before seen in
America. The Graphic Company, publishers. Offices Dearborn and Harri-
son streets, Chicago.
Furniture. Among the many trade journals that have done so much
towards making Chicago world famous as a city of manufactures and trade,
few, if any, have risen more rapidly than Furniture, published by Furni-
ture Company, C. M. White and G. W. Harvey, publishers and proprietors.
The publication offices are at rooms 1010 and 1011 Pontiac building. Sub-
scription price $2 a 3 7 ear. This journal was started in a small job office on
the West Side, in March, 1889. The publishers had little capital, but being
practical printers and journalists of several years' experience, they had
unbounded faith in Chicago, present nnd future, and their labors were
rewarded with success from the start. Furniture is read in every Stnte in
the Union; is bright, clean, handsomely illustrated, and contains an average
of about sixty-eight pages of advertisements, illustrations and reading mat-
ter. C. M- White, editor; Geo. W. Harvey, business manager.
THE ENCYCLOPEDIA. 435
German American Miller, The. This is the only German-American repre-
sentative of the trade named published in this country. It was founded in
1877, and for ten years thereafter was printed entirely in the German language.
The paper presents the milling news from both Germany and America, and
reaches the German milling trade in all parts of Europe and North and South
America. At present it appears with parallel columns, German and English,
which latter feature has proven very successful. Eugene A. Sitlig & Son,
proprietors; publication office, Lake and Clark sts.
Graphic, Ilie. An illustrated weekly newspaper. Twenty-four pages.
The only illustrated weekly in the West maintaining the highest standard of
literary aud artistic excellence, and the only one in Chicago having a national
circulation and influence. The Graphic, was the first illustrated weekly news-
paper to receive cordial support from the citizens of Chicago aud to be
recognized throughout the West as an exponent of illustrated journalism
second to no other publication of its class in the country. Chicago is realiz-
ing its destiny of becoming the art and literary center of America, and the
Graphic is an admirable indication of the remarkable progress being made in
this direction. The growth of this enterprising journal, in circulation, has
been of the most gratifying nature, and though the youngest of the great
illustrated weeklies it must at an early day receive universal recognition as
the foremost periodical of the country. The ablest writers and most skillful
artists contribute to its pages. G. P. Engelhard, editor and general manager.
The Graphic Company publishers. Issued every Saturday. Offices, Dear-
born and Harrison streets, Chicago.
Inland Architect and News Record, now in its tenth year of continuous pub-
lication, has acquired a national reputation forks illustrations aud technical
articles. In addition, its pages are a complete record of the proceedings of
the numerous architectural organizations of the country. It easily ranks
among the handsomest technical publications of America, and has a national
circulation. The Inland Architect is a beautiful publication, and contains
matter and engravings which most interest laymen as well as architects and
builders. Publication office, Tribune Building.
Inland Printer, The. The leading trade journal of the world in the print-
ing art, now located in its new home at 212 aud 214 Monroe street, is the recog-
nized standard authority on all matters pertaining to the graphic arts. Niue
years ago it began as a twenty-four page paper, and year by year it has steadily
increased in size, beauty and interest until at present it appears each month
with from 100 to 124 pages an art magazine of wide circulation and influence.
Under the management of its founder, Mr. Henry O. Shepard.'progression
has to a marked degree been exemplified in the conduct of this journal.
Twice the office of publication has been moved, and on January 1, 1892, a
third change was made to its present fine offices at 212-214 Monroe street.
Nothing is spared to make ihe Inland Printer a model of its class, and the
effort is admirably successful.
Interior, The. One of the oldest of the religious weeklies of Chicago, and
one of the best. Founded in 1868. If it has any unique position in Western
journalism it may be denominated as that of the leading religious weekly of
Chicago and the West. It certainly is that from the standpoint of circula-
tion and influence. Its proprietors are the estate of the late Cyrus Hall
McCormick and W. C. Gray, Ph. D., the latter being senior editor. Publica-
tion office 69 Dearborn street.
436 GUIDE TO CHICAGO.
Iron Age, The. Published weekly in New York, maintain an important
branch office at 59 Dearborn street, Chicago. Business manager J K
Hanes. Western associate editor, Geo. W. Cope. The Metal Worker is issued
under the same management.
Legal Adviser, The. Founded A. D. 1861, by the late Hon. E. M. Haines.
In 1867, it was chartered as a corporation, by special act, approved March 1
of that year, the charter declaring this weekly paper " the proper medium
for the publication of all legal notices required to be published in the County
of Cook. The paper was under the editorial direction of Mr. Haines until his
death in April, 1889, when it passed under the control of F. C. Haines who is
now president of the company. The Legal Adviser is the oldest law periodical
m the republic, excepting one (The Legal Intelligencer of Philadelphia) The
monthly edition is especially devoted to information on affairs of local self-
government, and has a very wide circulation throughout Illinois, Iowa Wis-
consin, Michigan, and generally where township organization prevails. Andre
Matteaon editon
Lumber Jrade Journal. Established as a 16-page quarto In 1881 by 8 D
Morgan, then secretary of the Retail Lumber Dealers' Association of Illinois'
as the organ of that association; was purchased in 1887 by an incorporated
company with a capital of $12,000, of which George W. Hotchkiss, for many
years secretary of the Lumberman's Exchange of Chicago, a veteran lumber-
man of forty years' experience, and the acknowledged lumber statistician of
the Northwest was president and took editorial charge, while Walter C.
Wright, who had several years previously succeeded Mr. Morgan as secretary
of the Retail Dealers' Association assumed the business management. By
the untiring efforts of these gentlemen the Lumber Trade Journal has entered
the front rank of class journalism, and from a 16-page issue has increased to
66 pages, with a circulation of 5,000, and has become the recognized authority
in all branches of the lumber traffic of the nation.
National Builder, The. Now in its fourteenth volume is a monthly pub-
lication, devoted to building and kindred interests. Edited by Geo. O. Gam-
sey, architect. Each issue contains one or more complete sets of plans of
dwellings, business or public buildings with color plates and detail drawings.
An excellent advertising medium for all dealers in building materials. Sub-
scription price $8.00 per year prepaid.
Nederlander, De. Founded in 1882. H. A. Masman, publisher and edi-
tor, office 493 Center avenue. Is the only Holland weekly in the State of
Illinois. Iris published every Friday. It is Republican in politics.
Norden. A weekly republican newspaper in the Norwegian language, was
established nineteen years ago by Mr. I.T. Relling. During the first ten years
Mr. H. Hande was managing editor. When he resigned the position, the
paper had a circulation of 10,000, scattered all through the Northwest. Mr.
Hande was succeeded as editor by Prof. Th. Bothne, who had charge for two
years, when Mr. Hande resumed the editorship and continued it untilhis death
in 1887. He was succeeded by the present editor, Mr. P. O. Stromme. In the
summer of 1888 Mr. Stromme changed the policy of the paper.making it Dem-
ocratic. As a consequence many of the old subscribers dropped off, but they
were quickly replaced by new ones. In the fall of '89 a daily edition was
established under the name Dagbladct. This was issued every afternoon until
in July, 1891, when it was discontinued. In August, 1890, Mr. Relling sold Nor-
den and the daily edition Dagbladet to Norden Publishing Co., Mr. Relling
THE ENCYCLOPEDIA. 437
ontinuing as manager until his death in February, 1891. Norden is now pub-
iehed by the company, whose president is Mr. Paul O. Stensland, the banker.
Mr. P. O. Stromme is still managing editor. The paper is eight pages of &evcn
columns, is Democratic in politics and has a wide circulation, especially in
Wisconsin and Minnesota. It also circulates in all the other states in which
there are Norwegians, and in Norway, the Sandwich Islands and Iceland, and
a few copies are sent to South Africa and Madagascar.
Northwestern Christian Advocate. Provision was made for the publica-
tion of the Northwestern Christian Advocate in Chicago, by the General Con-
ference of the Methodist Episcopal Church in 1852. Issue was begun with
January, 1853. Rev. J. V. Watson was the first editor and was succeeded by
Rev. Thomas M. Eddy (1856-1868), J. M. Reid (1868-1872) and Rev. Arthur
Edwards the present encumbent (1872 ). It is an official organ of the M.
E. Church and has for its immediate patronizing territory Michigan, Iowa,
Wisconsin, Minnesota, the Dakotas and part of Colorado, Nebraska and
Indiana.
Northwestern Lumberman, The: Established in 1873 by W. B. Judson,
its present proprietor. It was first issued as the Michigan Lumberman at
Muskegon, Mich., but removed to Chicago and the first number of the Noilh-
wettein was issued here in February, 1874. It was changed to a weekly in
1876 and is now the largest journal of its class in the country. It is devoted
entirely to the lumber trade and is particularly distinguished as a trade news
paper. It contains from 20 to 24 pages of reading matter weekly, and nearly
every issue is illustrated. It contains market reports from all important
markets in the United States and Canada, and makes a feature of publishing
annually tabulated statements of pine lumberand shingle production through-
out the northwestern states. Subscription price $4 a year.
Occident, The. Location of publication office, Lake and La Salle streets,
(Marine building.) THE OCCIDENT was called into life by Julius Silver-
smith and M. Hofmann in the year 1874, October 1st of that 3 ear. It is now
in its twentieth volume and has attained a wide circulation in this country
and abroad, and wherever English is spoken. It is an eight-page journal in
the interest of the Jews, science, art and general news, etc., forty-eight col-
umns, thirteens ems pica wide and twenty inches in length. It has always
espoused republican principles. Its annual subscription price is $3. THE
OCCIDENT is edited by some of the most eminent authors, and is the advocate
for the most radical reforms in all religious creeds. It is published by the
Occident Publishing Co., since its inception. Mr. Julius Silversmith, M. A.,
ie the editor in-chief and also manager.
Orange Judd Farmer. Location of publication office, 358 Dearborn
street. The St. Paul Farmer was started at St. Paul, Minn., in 1886. In the
summer of 1888 it was purchased and moved to Chicago, re-named the
Orange Judd Farmer, and has since been published here under that title by
the Orange Judd Farmer Co., of which Orange Judd is president and treas-
urer; George T. Judd, vioe-pns'dent, and James S. Judd, secretary. The
pnper, is devoted to agriculture and the home, having different departments
\viih special editors for all the different phases of farm and home life. It is
it^rd weekly, 16 pages, size 11x16, subscription price is $1.00, and circula-
tion 35,000 copies weekly.
438 GUIDE TO CHICAGO.
x
Prairie Farmer, The. Established at Chicago in 1841. Circulation
35,000. A journal for the farm, orchard and fireside. Edited by Jonathan
Pei'iam. Issued weekly by The Prairie Farmer Publishing Company at 166-
168 Adams street, Rand-McNally Building.
Presto, The. A weekly journal devoted to the interests of music in gen-
eral, is published at its business office and composing rooms, in the Como
Block, 323-325 Dearborn street. The chief editor and manager is Mr Frank
Abbott, who is eminently fitted to successfully manage such a journal, hav-
ing had an extended experience as a musician, dealer and writer. The Presto
was originally started in Des Moines, Iowa, in 1884, but removed to Chicago
in June, 1888, when it was a monthly paper; shortly after, it became semi-
monthly, and in the spring of '91, again changed to a weekly paper. Visitors
are always cordially welcomed at its offices, and a perusal of its columns will
show that it is a bright, newsy journal, keeping apace with the times.
Railway Age, j. he. The Railway Age is a consolidation of the Railway Age
and Northwestern Railroader. The Railway Age was established in Chicairo in
1876, by Messrs. E. H. Talbott and H. R. Hobart. The Northwestern Rail-
roader was established in Minneapolis in 1887 by H. P. Robinson, the place of
its publication being transferred in 1888 to St. Paul, Minn. The respective
papers remained in charge of the gentlemen named unil September, 1891, at
which date the founder of the Northwestern Railroader purchased the Railway
Age from Messrs. Talbott & Hobart and consolidated the two papers into the
present publication, which is published at the Home Insurance building,
No. 205 La Salle street, Chicago. The editors of the paper now are H. P.
Robinson, H. R. Hobart and W. D. Crosman. The officers of the company
are H. P. Robinson, president; H. R. Hobarl, vice-president; H. M. Wilson,
seo/etary and treasurer. The paper is published weekly, on Fridays, the sub-
scn^tion price being $ 4 a year.
Sullivan's Law Directory. William B. Sullivan's Chicago Law Directory
for 1891 contains the names of 2,454 attorneys, us against 2,220 in 1890. Dur-
ing the year sixty-six left the city, thirteen out of practice, and twenty-
seven died. About 261 new lawyers were admitted to the bar, making the
toial now in practice 2,392.
Universalist, The. Published at 69 Dearborn St., room 40 and 41, by the
Western branch of the Universalist Publishing House, Boston, is one of the
oldest religious newspapers in the city. It is a consolidation of the Star in
the West, Cincinnati, established 1827. and the New Covenant, of Chicago,
established in 1845 or 1846. The Universalist, under its present name, is in
its eighth annual volume. It is the organ of the Church which it represents,
siguiried in its name, for the interior and Western States. It is a large eight-
page paper, and is published every Saturday, as above, at $2.50 per annum.
Rev. J. S. Cantwell, DD., is the editor, assisted by regular contributors in
the several States-
Union Signal. The organ of the World's and National Woman's Chris-
tian TempciMice Union is a weekly temperance and literary journal. The
editorial corps consists of Miss Frances E. Willard, Lady Henry Somerset,
Mary Allen West, Margaret A. Sudduth and Mrs. Harriet M. Kells. Sorm> of
the ablest writers of the dav are among its contributors. It is published by
the Woman's Temperance Publishing Association, 161 La Salle street; Mrs.
F. H, Ras;all, business manager.
fliE ENCYCLOPEDIA. 439
Saturday Evening Herald. 'Ike Saturday Evening Herald, the recog-
nized organ of polite society, and authority upon all matters of a social
nature, was founded in 1875 by George M. McConnel, Lyman B. Glover and
John M. Dandy. In 18SO Messrs. Glover and Dandy purchased the interest
of Major McConnel, and the firm was known as Glover & Dandy until 1884,
when a stock company was formed, Judge E. R. Paige becoming a stock-
holder. In 1886 John M. Dandy purchased the interest of Mr. Glover, assuming
the editorial and business management of the paper. In the seventeen years of
its existence the Saturday Evening Herald has gained a wide and influential
circulation among the best families of this city and the towns tributary, and
is to-day probably the most favorably known literary, dramatic, musical and
society journal in the West. The publishers have aimed to provide for their
constituency a clean, wholesome and readable paper, free from sensationalism
and the offensive features peculiar to many so-called society journals, and the
high esteem in which the Saturday Evening Herald is held to-day by the pub-
lic and the press is the most conclusive evidence of its success in its chosen
field. The offices of the Herald are located in the Grand Opera House, No.
89 Clark street. .
OUTLYING CHICAGO.
Both for the sake of convenience and in order to avoid confusion in their
arrangement, the outlying communities of Chicago, whether they might be
properly classed as districts of the city proper, as environs, suburbs, villages
or independent towns, will be treated under this heading. It would be .
impossible to separate or to classify them under separate headings without
trying the patience of the reader, who above everything else is seeking ready
information stripped of all unnecessary form. There must, however, be a
few exceptions to this rule. Some of the annexed villages, towns and cities
have been so closely identified with the city itself for years past, that it would
be out of the question to speak of them as distinctive communities now.
CITY AND ENVIRONS. For the benefit of the visitor it may be as well to
state here that Chicago like London is in part "The City" and in part the
districts, environs, suburbs, towns and cities which since its settlement have
grown up around it, and which from time to time have become annexed.
Like London, the parent community will probably always in the future be
known as "The City, "while the annexed districts will continue to bear their
distinctive names, as do Cheapside, Piccadilly, Whitechapel and other well
known sections of the British Metropolis. Hyde Park will always be Hyde
Park, Bridgeport will always be Bridgeport, Lake View will always be Lake
View, and so on, notwithstanding the fact that as distinctive communities
they have completely lost their title to consideration. Chicago is justly ptoud
of her beautiful surroundings. She is the central diamond of a magnificent
cluster. Whathas been lacking in natural scenery in the country about has
been made up by the taste, the geniusand the industry of the people who have
dotted the prairies with villas as charming as any that ever encircled the neck of
a metropolis, ancient or modern. It must be inconceivable to the residents
of the cities of Europe, and it will be one of the revelations which will come
440 GUIDE TO CHICAGO.
upon those of them who shall visit us ' during the next two years that the
citizens of Chicago, with all their love for the bustle and turmoil of metro-
politan life, with their almostinsane predilection for clamor, their ill-concealed
regard for smoke, their almost mad penchant for high buildings and crowded
thorohugfares, should be at the same time subject to a perfect craving for the
quiet of suburban homes away from all the noise, smells and jostlings which
during the fleeting hours of the busy work-day they love so well. It is a par-
adox. The beautiful boulevards and residence streets of the city afford muny
thousands almost the repose of the. country, but only the very wealthy in
these days are able to en joy the luxury of mansions and grounds within walk-
ing distance of the business center. The great majority of the business and
professional people of the city, who desire, first of all, homes of their own,
find that the suburbs offer them advantages in this respect which could not
be obtained in the city. It is a constant source of satisfaction to the sub-
urban resident of moderate means that he can surround himself with com-
forts denied the city resident of large means. With rapid and comfortable
transit; with recent and almost marvelous improvements in their sewerage,
water and illuminating systems; with educational facilities equal and in
many respects superior to those which may be had in the city; with religious
and social advantages of a character to satisfy the most exacting demands of
a moral and refined people; the suburbs have grown at a most remarkable rate,
both in number and in beauty. The stranger, bent upon carrying away an
intelligent idea of Chicago and her surroundings, should not miss the oppor-
tunity while here of visiting the suburbs and charming resorts in this vicinity.
RAILWAY LINES AND DEPOTS. The facilities for transit afforded by the
various railway lines centering in Chicago are complete and admirable. The
following lines care for the suburban traffic:
ATCHISON, TOPEKA & SANTA FE. Central depot Polk st. and Third ave. Take
State st. cable line or Dearborn st. horse car line.
BALTIMORE & OHIO. Central depot, Harrison st. and Fifth ave. Only
a short walk from the business center.
CHICAGO & ERIE. Central depot Polk st. and Third ave. Take State st. cable or
Dearborn st. horse car line.
CHICAGO & ALTON. Central depot Canal and Adams sts.. West Side. Take cars
going west on Adams, Van Buren or Madison sts. Only a short walk from business
center.
CHICAGO & EASTERN ILLINOIS. Central depot Polk st. and Third ave. Take
State st. cable or Dearborn Bt. horse car line.
CHICAGO & GRAND TRUNK. Central depot Polk st. and Third ave. Take State st.
cable or Dearborn st. horse car line.
CHICAGO & NORTHERN PACIFIC. Central depot Fifth ave. and Harrison st. Take
Van Buren st. cars going west from State or south from Madison sts., or Harrison st.
line.
f CHICAGO & NORTH-WESTERN. Central depot Wells and Kinzie streets. North
Side. Take Dearborn, State or Wells street car going north. Only a short walk from
business center.
CHICAGO, BURLINGTON & QUFNCY. Central depot Canal and Adam streets, West
Side. Take Adams, Van Buren or Madison street car going west. Only a short walk
from business center.
CHICAGO, MILWAUKEE & ST. PAUL. Central depot Canal and Adams streets.
West Side. Take Adams, Van Buren or Madison street car going west. Only a short
walk from business center.
CHICAGO, ROCK ISLAND & PACIFIC. Central depot Van Buren and Sherman
streets. Take cars on Clark street or Fifth avenue going south. Only a short walk
from business center.
a
THE ENCYCLOPEDIA. 441
CHICAGO, ST. Louis & PITTSBCRG. Central depot Canal and Adams streets, West
Side. Take Adams, Van Buren or Madison street car going west. Only a short walk
from business center.
CHICAGO, ST. PAUL & KANSAS CITY. Central depot Harrison street and Fifth
avenue. Take Van Buren street cars going west from State or south from Madison
street, or Harrison street line.
CLEVELAND, CINCINNATI, CHICAGO & ST. Louis (" The Big 4"). Central depot
foot of Lake street Only a short walk from business center.
ILLINOIS CENTRAL. Central depot foot of Lake street. Only a short walk from
business center.
LAKE SHORE & MICHIGAN SOUTHERN. -Central depot Van Buren and Sherman
streets. Take cars on Clark street or Fifth avenue going south. Only a short walk
from business center.
LOUISVILLE, NEW ALBANY & CHICAGO ("Monon Route"). Central depot Polk
street and Third avenue. Take State street cable or Dearborn street car line.
MICHIGAN CENTRAL. Central depot foot of Lake street. Only a short walk from
business center.
PITTSBURG, FORT WAYNE & CHICAGO. Central depot Canal and Adams streets.
West Side. Take Adams, Van Buren or Madison street car going west. Only a short
walk from business center.
WA BASH. Central depot Polk street and Third avenue. Take State street
cable or Dearborn street horse car line.
A large number of new and very popular suburbs have been laid out and
partially built up within the past year, the names of which do not as yet
appear in the railroad time tables. These, together with all others, will be
referred to in their alphabetical order in the following pages.
NORTH AND SOUTH SHORES OP LAKE MICHIGAN. Locally, the country
skirting Lake Michigan north of the city of Chicago is known as the " North
Shore," and south of the city as the "South Shore." Thus, the term
" North " or " South " shore of Lake Michigan is used in this guide with ref-
erence to the location of suburbs, etc., in either direction, without reference
to the geographical boundaries of that body of water in a larger sense.
Alpine. Situated on the Wabash, St. Louis & Pacific railroad, 26 miles
from the City Hall.
Altenheim. Situated on the Chicago & Northern Pacific railroad, 10^
miles from the City Hall. Here is located the German Old Peoples' Home.
[See German Old Peoples' Home.]
Antioch. Located on the Chicago & Northern Pacific railroad, 54 miles
from City Hall.
Argyle Park. Situated on the Evanstpn division of the Chicago, Mil-
waukee & St. Paul R. R., five and a half miles from the City Hall. The his-
tory of Argyle Park dates back but a few years. W. C. Goudy owned the
land upon which it stands, and to develop it he procured the construction of the
railroad. Upon the completion of the road he conceived the idea of building
an ideal suburban town. With this end in view he laid out the streets
and avenues of generous proportions, platted the ground into lots 50x150
feet, built a depot, macadamized the streets, put in stone curbings and laid
concrete sidewalks. To provide a water supply he had the town connected
with the Lake View water system. For lighting purposes the town was con-
nected with the gas works. The sanitary conditions of the town are perfect,
there being a double system of sewerage, one to the north and one to the
south. Building restrictions and all the little details that go to make the
whole perfect have been attended to. A regular force of men is employed to
442 GUIDE TO CHICAGO.
keep the streets in repair, to remove the garbage and to clean the snow from
the "sidewalks in winter. The Sheridan drive has done wonders forthe town
as well as for all the North Shore. Many of the residents of Argyle Park
never use the steam cars as a means of transportation. A much more charm-
ing mode of getting to and from their places of business is a drive of thirty
minutes along the incomparable Sheridan road and through matchless Lincoln
Park.
Arlington Heights. Situated on the Wisconsin division of the Chicago &
North- Western railway, twenty-two and a half miles from the City Hall.
Auburn Park. Located on the Chicago, Rock Island & Pacific railroad,
nine miles from the City Hall, and accessible by the Chicago & Eastern Illi-
nois railroad. One of the most beautiful of the southern suburbs of Chicago.
This charming place is bvit a few years old, and has already a population of
nearly 4,000, composed almost wholly of the best class of business and pro-
fessional people. The land it covers was formerly the property of Messrs.
Geo. M. Pullman, Esq , and C. M. Henderson, Esq.. who purchased it for
the purpose of building a perfect suburban town. Messrs. Eggleston, Mall-
ette & Brownell, one of the largest and most responsible real estate firms in
Chicago, secured the contract for putting in the improvements. No sooner
had they begun work than they at once recognized the fact that the natural
advantages of the location were bound to do wonders in establishing a town.
They made overtures for the purchase of the land, and finally succeeded in
obtaining possession of it. As soon as they obtained possession of the prop-
erty they began improvements on a magnificent scale. Over half a million
dollars were spent in this way before the property was offered for sale. The
streets were all macadamized, stone sidewalks built throughout, and a double
system of sewerage put in. Pipes were laid eight and ten feet below the
ground and connected with the city system. Other pipes were laid for sur-
face drainage. They were so constructed as to be automatically flushed,
thus absolutely preventing an accumulation of sewer gas.
Aurora. Situated on the Chicago, Burlington & Quincy railroad (three
divisions), Chicago & Iowa, Chicago & North- Western, and Elgin, Joliet &
Eastern railroads, 39 miles from the City Hall. This beautiful and pros-
perous town is located on the Fox river. Here are to be found the extensive
shops of the Chicago, Burlington & Quincy railroad, and many other import-
ant industries. The town is laid out handsomely; it has numerous fine
buildings, stores, hotels, railroad depots, opera house, public halls, churches,
etc., and is, from a business and a social point of view, one of the most
Inviting of Illinois towns. From a population of 11,873 in 1880, it grew to
19,634 in 1890. Although so far removed from the city, many Chicago
people reside in Aurora.
Austin. Situated on the Galena division of the Chicago & North- West-
ern railroad, 6% miles from the City Hall. Austin is one of the nearest of
Chicago's suburbs, and one of the most delightful. It has grown from a
little hamlet of 900 people to a town of 4,200 within a few years, and gives
promise of becoming a most important point in the near future. The topog-
raphy of the surrounding country is in nowise different from the other
towns on the North-Western road. It lies on the first ridge west of the city,
and is from ten to twelve feet above the level of the lake. On either side of
the town the country is low, rolling prairie land, making it easy to drain.
Tttti ENCYCLOPEDIA. 443
It was not until after the big fire that Austin began to give promise of future
prosperity. The suburban fever reached to the town, and it grew rapidly.
There are many things that go to make it an attractive place and a desirable
one for a quiet suburban home. The early settlers set out an abundance of
trees of all kinds, and to-day the town gives the appearance of a natural for-
est. Its modern growth has given rise to a series of buildings whose archi-
tecture is diversified and pleasing. The sanitary conditions are perfect. The
drainage is to the south, into Mud lake, with a fall of thirty feet. The water
supply comes from Oak Park, the pumping works of that place supplying
Austin among other towns. An electric street railroad runs through the
town, giving the people cheap fare.
Avondale. Situated on the Wisconsin division of the Chicago & North-
Western railway, five and a half miles from the City Hall.
Barrington. Situated on the Wisconsin division of the Chicago & North-
Western railway, 31^ miles from the City Hall. A prosperous country town.
Batavia. Situated on the Galena division of the Chicago & North- West-
ern railway, 36 miles from the City Hall.
Bayer. Situated on the Chicago, St. Louis & Pittsburgh railroad, near
Greenwood.
Bensonmlle. Situated on the Chicago, Milwaukee & St. Paul railway, 16
miles from the City Hall.
Benton. Situated on the Milwaukee division of the Chicago & North-
Western railway, 40 miles from the City Hall
Berwyn. Situated on the Chicago, Burlington & Quincy railroad, nine
and a half miles from the City hall. The Wisconsin division of the Illinois
Central railroad, and the proposed line of the Ogden avenue elevated road
also run by the property. The site was partially subdivided about twenty
years ago, streets graded and trees planted, when the panic of '73 stopped all
further improvements. Not a house nor even a depot had been erected.
The property then lay idle until the summer of 1890, when Wilber J.
Andrews and Charles E. Piper purchased 106 acres, laid out a town site,
built a $5,000 depot and christened the| place " Berwyn." Since then,
brick store buildings, a stone church and about one hundred residences (cost-
ing from $2,500 to $10,000 each) have been erected, and over seven miles of
streets macadamized. A postoffice and express office have also been estab-
lished. Messrs. Andrews & Piper have recently bought 105 acres adjoining
their original purchase and built another depot at Riverside avenue. They
now control about ten miles of street frontage. No building costing less
than $1,500 is permitted in Berwyn. Saloons are prohibited and a uniform
building line established for the entire suburb. These restrictions are
attracting to it a very desirable class of residents. A complete system of
ewage is now in process of construction. The "Berwyn Water, Fuel &
Light Co." has recently been incorporated and will at once erect water works
and lay pipes throughout the subdivision. Gas and electricity will soon be
added. Bcrwyn's beautiful trees and the uniformly excellent character of its
residences are the points which first impress a visitor.
Bloom. Situated on the Chicago & Eastern Illinois railroad, 27% miles
from the City Hall.
Blue Island. Situated on the Chicago, Rock Island & Pacific railway, 16
miles irom the City Hall. A large suburb and one of the oldest.
444 GtflDE TO CHICfAGO.
Brainard. Practically a part of South Englewood. The town wad
started but recently, and gives promise of rapid growth in popularity as well
as in population.
Bremen. Situated on the Chicago, Rock Island & Pacific railway, 23%
miles from the City Hall.
Brighton Park. Situated on the Chicago, St. Louis & Pittsburgh and
Chicago & Alton railroads, 7% miles from the City Hall. A very pleasant
little suburb within the limits.
Brisbane. Situated on the Wabash, St. Louis & Pacific railroad, 35
miles from the City Hall.
Baena Park. Situated on the Evanston Division of the Chicago, Mil-
waukee & St. Paul railway, within the city limits. [See Graceland Ceme-
tery.]
Burlington. Situated on the Chicago & Northern Pacific railroad, 72%
miles from the City Hall.
Burlington Heights. Situated on the Chicago, Burlington & Quincy
railroad, 20% miles from the City Hall.
Calvary. Situated on the Milwaukee division of the Chicago & North-
Western railway, ten miles from the City Hall. A station of the village of
South Evanston. [See Calvary Cemetery.] The trains of the Evanston divi-
sion of the Chicago, Milwaukee & St. Paul railroad also stop here.
Camp McDonald. Situated on the Chicago & Northern Pacific railroad,
25% miles from the City Hall.
Camp Lake. Situated on the Chicago & Northern Pacific railroad, sixty
miles from the City Hall. A summer resort.
Canfteld. Situated on the Wisconsin division of the Chicago & North-
Western railroad, 11% miles from the City Hall.
Gary. Situated on the Wisconsin division of the Chicago & North-
Western railroad, thirty-four miles from the City Hall.
Cheltenham Beach. Situated on the Illinois Central railroad and the
South Shore of Lake Michigan, twelve miles fronKhe City Hall. This place
has been christened "The Coney Island of the West." A large hotel and
restaurant, a great exhibition hall, an immense amphitheater for pyrotechnic
displays on a mammoth scale; slides, and the various amusements incident to
such a resort as Coney Island are to be found here.
Chicago Lawn. Situated on the Chicago & Grand Trunk railway, 10
miles from the City Hall. A beautiful and popular suburb.
Clarendon Hills. Situated on the Chicago, Burlington & Quincy railroad,
20 miles from the City Hall.
Clifton. Situated on the Chicago & Grand Trunk railway, 18 miles from
the City Hall.
Clintonville. Situated on the Galena division of the Chicago & North-
Western railway, 39 miles from the City Hall.
Clyde. Situated on the Chicago, Burlington & Quincy railroad, 10 miles
from the City Hall.
Colehour. Situated on the Lake Shore & Michigan Southern railway, 13
miles from the City Hall. A manufacturing suburb.
THE ENCYCLOPEDIA. 445
Gonleys. Situated on the Wabash, St. Louis & Pacific railway, 19 miles
from the City Hall.
Oortland. Situated on the Galena division of the Chicago & North- West-
ern railway, 55% miles from the City Hall.
Crawford. Situated on the Chicago, Burlington & Quincy railroad, 7
miles from the Citv Hall. A pretty suburb.
Crete. Situated on the Chicago & Eastern Illinois railroad, 31 miles from
the City Hall.
Crown Point. Situated on the Chicago, St. Louis & Pittsburg and Chi-
cago & Erie railroads, 41 miles from the City Hall.
Crystal Lake. Situated on the Wisconsin division of the Chicago &
North- Western railroad, 43 miles from the City Hall. A popular summer fish-
ing and camping resort.
Cummings. Situated on the New York, Chicago & St. Louis (Nickel
Plate) and on the Chicago & Erie railways, 15 miles from the City Hall. A
manufacturing suburb of great promise.
Cuyler. Situated on the Milwaukee division of the Chicago & North-
Western railway, adjoining Ravenswood. A small suburb as yet, but
growing.
Dalton. Situated on the Louisville, New Albany & Chicago railway,
miles from the City Hall.
Dauphin Park. Situated at the crossing of the Illinois Central and
Michigan Central railroads with the Rock Island and the Atlantic & Pacific,
the Western Indiana and New Albany roads. One hundred trains pass
through this suburb daily. It is the only suburb along the Iin6 of the Illi-
nois CeLtral road having its own park front, and before it contained a house
it had beautiful groves of young trees, paved avenues, a complete system of
walks, sewers, gas and water. It is convenient to the southern park system
of Chicago, and to the site of the Columbian Exposition. The village is
beautifully built and settled by a high class of people. It was founded by
S. E. Gross.
Deering. Situated on the Milwaukee division of the Chicago & North-
Western railway, about 3 miles from the City Hall. Here are located the Deer-
ing Harvester Works and other large manufactories.
De Kalb. Situated on the Galena division of the Chicago & North- Western
railway, 58^ miles from the City Hall.
Desplaines. Situated on the Wisconsin division of the Chicago & North-
Western railway, 16^ miles from the City Hall. A very popular summer
picnicking and camp-meeting ground.
DesPlaines. Situated on the Chicago & Northern Pacific railroad, 22
miles from the City Hall.
Dolton. Situated on the Chicago, St. Louis & Pittsburgh railroad,
miles from the City Hall.
Downer's Grove. Situated on the Chicago, Burlington & Quincy railroad,
about 23 miles from the City Hall. Population, 1,200. Downer's Grove is in
the southeast corner of DuPage county and but a few miles from the divid-
ing line between this and Cook county. It is a body of timber and covers
perhaps one section of land in sections 6 and 7 of township 38 north, range
446 GUIDE TO CHICAGO.
11 east. It has its schools and its churches. Of the latter there are a Meth-
odist, Congregational, Episcopalian, Catholic and German Evangelical.
" East Grove " is a station % of a mile east of Downer's Grove, and was first
laid out thirteen years ago. Since then four or five new additions have been
made, some of them quite large. About sixty families now make their
homes here.
Dyer. Situated on the Louisville, New Albany & Chicago railway, 28^
miles from the City Hall.
East Grove. Situated on the Chicago/Burlington & Quincy railroad,
miles from the City Hall.
East Roseland (104th street). Situated on the Illinois Central railroad,
% miles from the City Hall.
Edgewater. Situated on theEvanston division of the Chicago, Milwaukee
& St. Paul railroad, 1% miles from the City Hall, on the north shore of L ob "e
Michigan, and within driving distance from the business center. Edge-
water is one of the prettiest suburbs in the country. Its situation is charming.
Commencing at the shore of the lake the land rises by a gentle and almost
imperceptible slope till it reaches an elevation of from ten to twenty -five
feet above the lake. Before the country was opened up the land was covered
with a dense growth of trees. The ash, the elm, the white birch, the oak
and the maple alike thrive and grow beautiful, nourished by the fertile soil.
Its founders bought 250 acres of land there in 1884, and gave the future town
the name of Edgewater. It was at that time a wilderness of woods a"d
underbrush. For nearly two years the work went on. Just enough of the
original forest was cut down to admit of building and laying out streets.
The streets were laid out sixty-six feet wide, and every one of them was
macadamized. Between the street and the sidewalks, a broad space was left
and sodded. Stone sidewalks were laid throughout and between the street
and the walks, at distances of thirty-three feet, additional trees were set out.
The matter of drainage was especially attended to. Competent engineers
superintended the laying of the pipes underground, and every joint and con-
nection was made tight before being covered up. Besides this care the
system has been so devised that no objectionable encroachment can be r^ade
to the injury of the service. The matter of lighting was not neglected. A
company was formed pnd an electric light plant put up at a cost of $60,000.
It is the most complete for its size in the country. When the improvements
were completed, one hundred houses were erected, costing from $5, 000 to $16,-
000 exclusive of the lot. The architecture is varied and pleasing, Queen Anne
and Colonial style being frequently used. The material used is brick, stone
and wood. An effort was made to avoid building any two houses alike, and
hence a pleasing variety and contrast was obtained. Edgewater has two
handsome church structures. The Church of the Atonement is said to be the
only correct Gothic church in the country. The material is red sandstone, and
the interior decorations are both elaborate and elegant. The Epworth Meth-
odist Episcopal Church is the handsomest structure of the denomination out-
side of the city. [See Argyle Park.] There is also a finely equipped and
graded school, to which educational facilities will be constantly added for
the benefit of the community. The public stable is one of the suburb's
attractions.
Edison Park Situated on the Wisconsin division of the Chicago &
North- Western railway, 12 miles from the City Hall.
THE ENCYCLOPEDIA. 447
Eggleston. One of the most prominent suburbs in close proximity to
Chicago; generally mentioned in connection with Auburn Park, another
beautiful environ. The accessibility of Eggleston and Auburn Park is well
known. Its main transit line is the Rock Island railroad, over which trains
run the distance in from twenty to thirty minutes. The convenience afforded
suburban travelers on this road are seconded only to that obtained by the
patrons of the Illinois Central line. The Rock Island depot is nearer the busi-
ness center of the city than is that of any other road. It is particularly con-
venient for Board of Trade men, and, if for no other reason, their number
should be well represented among the residents of Eggleston and Auburn
Park. Besides the Rock Island road these twin suburbs have the C. & E. I.
railway close at hand. Then, too, the Wentworth avenue street car line is to
be extended from Seventy-third street, its present terminus, right through
this property, to Seventy-ninth street. The material for the road is already
on the ground, and the line will be finished and cars will be running by the
first of November.
No one can view the rich beauties of Eggleston and Auburn Park property
without becoming more or less enthusiastic, according to his power of appre-
ciation. Unquestionably, it is the handsomest and best improved residence
district in Cook county. It is difficult to imagine how intelligent and well-to-
do home-builders can be persuaded to locate on crudely improved and treeless
prairie ground, when the high ridge, naturally wooded and thoroughly-
improved property of Eggleston and Auburn Park is so near at hand, and can
be had at the low prices it is now quoted at. About four years of time have
been consumed, and over one-half a million dollars have been expended in
bringing that suburb up to its present high standard.
Had not the location been possessed of great natural advantages and
beauty to commence with, even this large expenditure of time and money
could not have made it what it now is could not have given it its present
enviable position in the public estimation. Messers. Eggleston, Mallette&
Brownell, the three gentlemen who pushed forward this great undertaking-
with so great success, are justly entitled to much praise, for the work done
by them has been of incalculable benefit to Chicago. It has influenced other
improver-; to take more pride in their work, and to act more conscientiously
in their dealings with their customers. The progress made by these three
gentlemen is extremely interesting, and the result of their combined efforts
and capital have far exceeded their own and their friends' expectations.
Recognizing the value of such a location, they bought the ground on which
Eggleston now stands, and commenced to improve it.
Well understanding that no locality can be uniformly improved unless
under the sole control of a single person or a syndicate, Eggleston, Mallette
& Brownell also bought Auburn Park. Then they immediately commenced
to carry out their avowed plan of making their two purchases as attractive a
subdivision as labor and abundant means could produce. That they have
accomplished their object, none can gainsay. Briefly stated, this property
extends from Seventy-first street to Seventy-ninth, and is bounded on the
East by State street . and has Wallace avenue for a Western boundary, being
one mile by one half mile in size. It is the first rise of any consequence back
from the lake, and is so well elevated as to allow of laying the pipes of its
448 GUIDE TO CHICAGO
complete sewer system eight and ten feet below the surface of the ground. A
large and natural growth of oak trees are everywhere seen besides which, tall
and beautiful elms border either side of the walks. Besides the boundary
streets, there are LaFayette, Perry, Wentworth, Yale and Harvard avenues,
Wright and Dickey streets. All these last mentioned and well-known thor-
oughfares are North and South ones, and hence cross through Eggleston and
Auburn Park the longest way. Running in the same direction, and right
through the center of this property, is Stewart avenue boulevard. This gives
it direct connection with the South Park boulevard system, a most desirable
and valuable feature. A point that should be well emphasized is that every
street in Eggleston and Auburn Park is improved in all respects equal to
Grand and Drexel boulevards. They are all broad and evenly macadamized;
boulevard lamps are in; the sidewalks are all of Cleveland sand stone; and a
force of twelve gardners are employed the year around, to keep the trees,
shrubbery, llowers, lawns, etc., in order. At each of the corners of inter-
secting streets, a vase of growing flowers is kept the summer through. Even
the alleys need some mention, for being wide and macadamized, they really
compare well with the streets in some localities. A picturesque feature of
this property, is the presence of a narrow, river-like body of water that winds
through its southern portion. A dressy little boat-house has been erected,
which shelters a number of pretty row boats. In fact, on all sides are to be
seen evidences of everything possible having been done to make Eggleston
and Auburn Park to Englewood, what Kenwood is to Hyde Park an ideal
aristocratic residence place. To secure the best results, established building
restrictions are enforced. In Eggleston and Auburn Park, no house less than
two full stories high, and upon else than a stone foundation, can be erected.
No lot narrower than fifty feet is sold, and no front fences are allowed to be
built. The building line is so stipulated, and the residences so placed, as to
show the lawns to the best advantage. These restrictions may seem to be a
little notional, but already the residents there can plainly see the wisdom of
living up to them. Eventually when all is built up, the value of these restric-
tions will be even more apparent.
The educational advantages of these suburbs are very superior. The
Normal school is but three blocks from Eggleston, and at both Seventieth and
Seventy-fifth streets there is a good public school. Thriving churches of
different denominations are near by, and a number of social clubs are
organized.
To sum it all up, the words of one of Chicago's most successful phy-
sicians, who lately visited Eggleston and Auburn Park, are directly to the
point. He said: " To view the cleanliness and beauty everywhere to be seen
there, is decidedly refreshing." From either depot, where a star, crescent,
and either " Eggleetoa " or " Auburn Park " is boldly outlined on the sward
of the sloping bank, .to the remotest corner of that well-kept property, nothing
to mar the beauty of the scenery is to be found, and the visitor is led to
wonder why capitalists do not lay out other sub-divisions in like manner.
The owners of this property, Messrs. Eggleston, Mallette & Brownell, have
offices on the second floor of the Tacoma building, and on the sixth floor of
the Royal Insurance building. They now have four houses under contract to
build, each of which will cost fully $20,000, besides many others. [See
Auburn Park and Illustrations.]
THE ENCYCLOPEDIA. 449
Elburn. Situated on the Galena division of the Chicago & North- Western
railway, 44 miles from the City Hall.
Elgin. Situated on the Galena division of the Chicago & North- Western
railway, and on the Chicago, Milwaukee & St. Paul railway, 42 miles from
the City Hall. A beautiful and prosperous town. Immense dairy interests
are centered here. The Elgin National Watch factory and several other large
industrial institutions are located here. [See Elgin National Watch Factory.]
Population, 1890, 17,429.
Elmhurst. Situated on the Galena division of the Chicago & North-West-
ern railway, 15 miles from the City Hall. An attractive suburb.
Elsdon. Situated on the Chicago & Grand Trunk railway, 9 miles from
the City Hall.
Englewood. A beautiful district of the city proper, situated on the Chi-
cago, Rock Island & Pacific and other lines, but accessible by street cars. It
is practically within the old city, and has long since lost its individuality as
a village. There are handsome business blocks, elegant residences and a fine
opera house here. [See Timmerman Opera House.] Englewood is hardly
more to be considered as a suburb now than Hyde Park or Lake View.
Englewood Heights. Situated at the intersection of the Panhandle and
Rock Island railroads, between Eighty-seventh and Ninety-second sts., and
Ashland ave. and the Panhandle tracks. To those of moderate means a town
of the size of Englewood Heights offers many inducements; property is much
cheaper than it is in an older and better developed place. The man who is
working for a moderate salary can go there, buy a lot, put up a modest dwelling
and live comfortably. In time his home increases greatly in value and he finds
himself in possession of a ^aluable piece of property. Englewood Heights
possesses one attribute almost essential to a successful town natural beauty.
Before it was platted, its natural wooded district offered a never-failing
inducement to picnic parties, and every Sunday the grounds were crowded
with pleasure-seekers. To-day one would oot be able to recognize the old
landmarks. Stores, pleasure resorts, tasteful dwellings and evidences of
business activity proclaim a wonderful transformation.
Englewood on the Hill. Situated on the Panhandle road directly west of
Englewood proper, extending from Sixty-seventh to Seventy-first sts.
north and south, and is bounded eastand westbyLoomis st. and Western ave.
Take train at Union depot, Canal and Adams sts. , West Side. The founder
of the town suburb is E. A. Cummings, Esq., of E. A. Cummings & Co.
Like the founders of the several towns round about Euglewood, Mr. Cum-
mings gave the town a name to which was attached Englewood. Some years
ago he bought this tract for $400 an acre and soon sold it for $600 an acre.
He had not parted with it long before its desirability as a suburban residence
place struck him with peculiar force. As a result he a second time pur-
chased the land, giving for it $1,300 an acre. Among the public buildings
are a handsome Catholic church and a public school-house of pressed brick,
costing $30,000. Three brick business blocks are directly opposite the depot
and are occupied with well stocked stores. The contiguity of the "Hill "to
the Stock Yards has induced several large operators to locate there. A mile
frontage on Ashland ave. possessed by the town gives an added value to real
estate. Another thing that is in favor of the town and one that will help its
growth in the years to come is the fact that it is directly in the line to the
450 GUIDE TO CHICAGO.
Stickney tract, which is certain to become a great manufacturing center.
Euglewood on the Hill has about 700 inhabitants and is growing with remark-
able rapidity.
Kola. Situated on the Chicago, Burlington & Quincy railroad, 35 miles
from the City Hall.
Evanston, City of. By vote of the people of Evanston and of South
Evanston, which have been {eparate villages, on Feb. 20, 1692, the two were
consolidated, the intention being to form a municipality under a regular city
charter from the State. This was carried out later in the Spring of 1892. The
Ciiy of Evanston had a frontage on Lake Michigan at this time of about 3 miles,
and extended westwardly about 1J^ miles. Its population was about 15. 000. In
this edition of The Standard Guide the Villages of Evanston and South Evan-
ston are referred to below under their former names, the new city not being
fully organized as it goes to press. [See "Evanston," "South Evanston,"
"Clubs," "Northwestern University, "and other classifications for information
concerning the place named. "
Evanston. Situated on the Milwaukee division of the Chicago & North-
Western railway and on the Evanston division of the Chicago, Milwaukee &
St. Paul railroad, 12 miles from the City Hall, on the north shore of Lake
Michigan. Take train at Wells St. depot, Wells and Kinzie sts., North Side,
or at Union depot, Canal and Adams sts. , West Side. Steamboats take pas-
sengers to Evanston during the summer season from Clark st. bridge. Trains
run at intervals of a few minutes, morning and evening, and hourly during
the day. Evanston is the most celebrated and in many respects the most
attractive of Chicago's suburbs, by reason of its beautiful and accessible situ-
ation, its educational institutions, its churches, itshigh social advantages and
the cultured character of its inhabitants. A great many of the residents of
Evanston are people distinguished in the literary world, and not a few of
them enjoy an international reputation. The visitor should not fail to spend
a few days in this charming* village and its vicinity. In 1850 the place was
known as "Ridgeville." There were then about 100 inhabitants in the settle-
ment. Major Mulford was the supervisor, the postmaster and the general
major domo of the town. Several names were proposed, among them Orring-
ton. It was finally decided that to the one who should come to the front and
give most generously of his substance should accrue the honor of the name.
Dr. John Evans, now Hon. John Evans, then a leading physician of Chicago,
was the man, and after him was the ne^v town called Evanston. Other men
who have been identified with the growth of the village have not been for-
gotten. Their names are perpetuated in the beautiful streets which traverse
the village. Greenleaf ave., Hinman ave., Noyes ave., Davis street, after
Dr. N. S. Divis; Judson ave., Dempster St., Orrington ave., and a host of
others all have their significance, and recollections cluster about them. Ever
since its establishment the growth of Evanston has been a steady and healthly
one. Not until the year 1857 was the town organized. The first supervisor
was George Reynolds, who built the first hotel the Reynolds House. His
residence stood where now stands the elegant mansion of William Deering.
The first store was opened by J. B. Colvin and stood where Garwood's drug
store now is. The first public school was a log house at Greenwood and
Ridge aves. The site was intended as a burying ground, but instead there
stands the stately mansion of John Kirk. In the winter of 1853 the
^llage of Evanston was first platted by Rev. Philo Judson. The con-
THE ENCYCLOPEDIA. 15l
necting link between Chicago and the 1ov>n came in 1854, when the
Chicago & North-Western railway laid its tracks there. From that
time there set in a steady advance in its growth, and in the winter
of 1863 the village was incorporated. The first president of the board
wasH.B. Hurd and John Fussey was commissioner of streets. The total
valuation of property was then $125,480. In April, 1873, the village organ-
ization was voted and C. J. Gilbert was the first president. Ere this many of
Chicago's first citizens had been attracted to Evanston and the board con-
tained such names as H. G. Powers, Lyman J. Gage, William Blanchard, Wil-
son Phelps and O. A. Willard. The successive presidents of the village were
O. Huse, Dr. N. 8. Davis, J. M. Williams, Thomas J. Frost, T. A. Cosgrove,
J. J Parkhurst, C. N. Remy, M. W. Kirk, James Ayers and H. H. C. Miller.
A drive through the principal streets of Evanston will re veal the attractions
of the place. On every side and continually the eye is greeted with a sight
of beautiful lawns, tasteful flower-gardens and ornamental mounds. They
form a pretty foreground for the elegant residences that are almost always
built at a goodly distance from the street. The architecture of the town is
pleasingly varied and uniformly tasteful. In few places can one see so many
homes that indicate refinement and wealth. The mansion and not the cottage
is the rule.
The character of the people is distinctive. Evanston people are nothingif
not educated. They pride themselves on this. It is the miniature Boston of
the West. You feel refinement in the very atmosphere. It is the home of
cultivation. This must needs be so from the fact that the growth and devel-
opment of the town has been shaped and influenced by the University. That
nobleinstitution has grown from an humble beginning to become the equal of
almost any institution of learning in the United States. It needs no enco-
miums. The history of its graduates, the standing of its faculty, speak vol-
umes. The University grounds constitute the chief park of the town. They
are densely wooded and undulating. From time to time new buildings have
been added till now a memorial hall, a science hall, Dearborn Observatory,
Heck Hall, woman's college, preparatory school, dormitory and gymnasium,
all models of elegance and convenience, adorn the spacious grounds. [See
Northwestern University.]
Another thing that has added greatly to the attraction possessed by
Evanston is the exclusion of the sale of liquor within the four mile limit.
The possibility of rearing a family beyond the baleful influence of the saloon
has caused many to settle within its borders. The contest over the liquor
traffic forms a notable epoch in the history of the town.
The character of the inhabitants of Evanston has in the past few years
changed considerably and for some reasons for the better. The old Puritan
days when the religionist dominated the town are now but a memory. The
same element is still there. But it is diluted just enough to give the town a
progressive spirit and lend to it a live and bustling character. The social
gatherings of Evanston are delightful affairs, unmarred by the stiff formality
that characterizes the swell events of Chicago's 400. The social element is
exacting, too. There you can see club life in its ideality. [See Evanston
Club, Evanston Country Club and Evanston Boat Club.] Another source
of pride to Evanston is her school system. The Evanston High School stands
at Benson avenue and Dempster street. Theschool ranksamong the highest,
and a diploma from it will admit the graduate into almost any college in the
United States. The Hinman Avenue School, the Wesley Avenue School, the
452 GUIDE TO CHICAGO.
Haven School and a score of others offer superior and exceptional educational
advantages. Besides these there are the various district schools.
The people of Evanston, or the great majority of them, are religiously
inclined. It is pre-eminently a town of many churches. In the early days
of its history the Methodist denomination predominated to the exclusion of
all others. Now lofty spires rise from edifices devoted to the peculiar wor-
ship of almost every denomination. The Episcopalians and Catholics
have just erected two magnificent structures. A mention of Evanston's
attractions would not he complete without a passing notice of the Evanston
Life-saving Station. [See "Evanston Life-savin s Station, "in Encyclopedia.]
Among the public'institutions of Evanston is the free circulating library at
534 Sherman ave. The Evanston Press and Index are the newspapers of the
village, and both are edited with force, good judgment and ability. The
Index is the older newspaper. The Press is young and vigorous.
Among the latest and most important improvements in Evanston is the
New Village Hall, erected at a cost of $40,000. [See " Evanston, City of,"
" South Evauston," " Clubs," " Northwestern University," etc.]
Evergreen Park. Situated on the Chicago & Grand Trunk railway,
14^ miles from the City Hall. A charming residence place, and quite pop-
ular.
Fairmew Park. Situated on the Chicago, St. Louis & Pittsburgh rail
road, 15J miles from the City Hall.
Feehanmlle. Situated on the Chicago & Northern Pacific railroad twenty-
five miles from the City Hall. Here is located St. Mary's Industrial School
for Boys. The place receives its name from the Catholic archbishop of this
diocese. [See Educational Institutions.]
Fernwood. Situated on the line of the Chicago & Eastern Illinois rail-
road, twelve miles from the City Hall. The village is almost surrounded by
West Roseland on the south, Oakdale on the north, and Washington Heights on
the west. ^Fernwood is a village of about 1,500 inhabitants. At the time the
surrounding villages, West Roseland, Oakdale, Washington Heights, etc.,
came into the city, Fernwood refused to become annexed. She soon
repented, however, and at the very first opportunity voted to cast her lot
with Chicago.
Forest Hill. Situated on the Chicago, St. Louis & Pittsburgh railroad,
miles from the City Hall.
Forest Home. Situated on the Chicago^& Northern Pacific railroad, 10J
miles from the City Hall.
Fort Sheridan. Situated on the Milwaukee division of the Chicago &
North- Western railway, 24i miles from the City Hall. [See Fort Sheridan,
under head of " Military."]
Fox Lake. One of the most charming summer resorts in the vicinity of
Chicago. It may be reached either by the Chicago & North- Western or the
Chicago & Northern Pacific railroad. The distance from Chicago is about
fifty-one miles. Fox is but one of many lakes in the vicinity. There is good
fishing here. Small steamers ply between points on the lakes. The banks
are dotted with pretty villas. Thousands of Chicagoans make their summer
THE ENCYCLOPEDIA. 453
homes in the vicinity of Fox Lake. The visitor, desiring a day of recreation,
could not find a more perfect spot in this country. Trains leave frequently
for the stations contiguous to the lakes of Lake county. There are many
sporting, fishing and social club houses on the Pox Lake. [See Clubs
Athletic, Sporting, etc.]
Franklin Park. Situated at the intersection of the Wisconsin Central and
Chicago, Milwaukee & St. Paul railroads. Franklin Park, founded in 1890,
is bounteously favored by the high elevation of its surface and by the
diversified charms of the surrounding scenery. Streets, boulevards and
parks have been laid out, a large public hall makes conspicuous show, and
tasteful residences appear on every hand. The improvements are of a char-
acter in keeping with those of older and well-populated suburbs.
Geneva. Situated on the Galena division of the Chicago & North- West-
ern railway, 35^ miles from the City Hall. This is the station of
Geneva Lake, one of the most charming summer resorts in the West.
Many of the wealthy people of Chicago have summer residences on the Lake.
The Lake itself is a beautiful body of water. In the season it is alive with
boats. Some of the summer villas are magnificent.
Glencoe. Situated on the Milwaukee division of the Chicago & North-
Western railway, nineteen miles from the City Hall. It is one of the prettiest
suburbs on the North Shore.
Q-len Ellyn. Situated on the Galena division, of the Chicago & North-
Western railway, twenty-three miles from the City Hall. The location is
most charming. The property upon which this suburb has been established
is in Du Page county, and lies north and east of the beautiful village of
Prospect Park. High and heavily wooded hills almost encircle a sloping
valley, near the centre of which is the tract of 130 acres to be reserved for a
park. In the centre of this park are the mineral springs. Across the valley
a dam has been built, and the water from a number of non-mineral sorings
farther to the west has formed a lake of fifty acres, upon which a fleet of
boats has been placed. -The mineral springs are five in number, and form
a cluster in the centre of the park. The flow from these springs varies from
50 to 150 gallons a minute each, and the combined flow per minute from the
five is about 500 gallons.
Glenwood. Situated on the Chicago & Eastern Illinois railroad, twenty-
three and one-half miles from the City Hall. [See Training Schools.]
Goodenow. Situated on the Chicago & Eastern Illinois railroad, chirty-
four miles from the City Hall.
Grand Crossing Situated on the Illinois Central and on all lines of rail-
road running south, nine and three-fourths miles from the City Hall. Some
very important industries are located here, among them the Calumet Iron and
Steel Works. Here also is located the old Cornell Watch Factory.
Grant Locomotive Works Addition to Chicago. This property is situated
at the southwest corner of Twelfth street and Hyman avenue (or West Forty-
eighth street), and is immediately east of the great Locomotive Works. The
locomotive plant occupies a space of about forty acres,.in the center of the
famous section twenty-one. Large and substantial buildings have been con-
structed and are now being equipped with the latest improved machinery,
making these works the most modern in the United States. It is the only
454 GUIDE TO CHICAGO.
locomotive manufacturing establishment west of Pittsburg, Pa., and Dunkirk,
N. Y. A large force of skilled mechanics will find steady employment in
these works, the capacity of which will be at first about 250 locomotives per
annum, and it is confidently expected that this output will be increased from
year to year. The entire plant will be in full operation not later than March,
1892, and it is expected that from 1,500 to 2,000 men will find constant
employment in this one industry. This will be a new manufacturing district,
and its magnitude will attract kindred concerns employing large numbers of
men. The property which Bogue & Company offer for sale will have all
modern improvements, such as macadamized streets, sidewalks, water pipes,
and sewers.
Grayland. Situated on the Chicago, Milwaukee & St. Paul railway,
eight miles from the City Hall. A pretty suburb.
Qray's Lake. Situated on the Chicago & Northern Pacific railroad,
forty-five and one-half miles from the City Hall. A delightful summer resoft.
Greenwood. Situated on the Chicago, St. Louis & Pittsburgh railroad,
twenty-two and one-fourth miles from the City Hall.
Oreggs. Situated on the Chicago, Burlington & Quincy railroad, twenty
and three fourths miles from the City Hall.
Q-rifflth. A new manufacturing suburb, situated in Lake county, Indi-
ana, on the lines of the Michigan Central, Grand Trunk, Chicago & Erie and
Elgin, Joliet & Eastern Belt railroads. Take train at Central Depot, foot of
Lake St., or at Dearborn Station, Polk st. and Third ave. There are immense
transactions in real estate for manufacturing sites going on here. The town
has become prominent lately because of its proximity to the new packing
industries that are to be moved into Lake county by Armour, Swift and Mor-
ris. [See New Stock Yards.]
Grossdale. Situated on the Chicago, Burlington & Quincy railroad,
tweve miles west of the City Hall. Grossdale is one of the many charming
suburb?, which owe their origin to the restless activity, sound judgment and
liberal public spirit of S. E. Gross. The suburban village of Grossdale is
located in a natural park of about 300 acres, and the growth of the place has
been justly pronounced "one of those phenomenal evidences of progress,
enterprise and artistic sentiment that now serve to distinguish the World's
Fair city from all the rest of creation."
Mr. Gross, before beginning the construction of Grossdale, had
platted, subdivided, built and sold more than twenty suburbs. He had sold
in the course of eleven years 40,000 lots and had built more than 11,000 houses.
At nineteen years of age he was a captain in the United States army, fighting
at the front in the War of the Rebellion. The youngest captain in the service,
he came home in 1865, covered with honors and with scars. In 1866 he left
his boyhood's home in Mount Carroll, 111., and came to Chicago, where he
began soon the practice of law. In 1888 he went into the real estate business.
His Madison street subdivision, " Gross Terrace," was the one on
which he tried his apprentice hand. Then, with experience, came Gross
Park, Argyle Park, Brookdale and Villa Ridge. Humboldt Park fol-
lowed, and Under the Linden, at Avondale; Calumet Heights, Kerwin Station
at Oak Park, the Archer avenue subdivision, and finally Grossdale and
Dauphin Park.
THE ENCYCLOPEDIA. 455
Gross Park. Situated on the Milwaukee division of the Chicago &
North-Western railway, about four and one-half miles from the City Hall.
One of the several suburban towns founded by S. E. Gross. This
suburb was intended for the homes of workingmen, and it has grown wonder-
fully within the past few years. Nearly all the residents own their own kouses.
Gurnee. Situated on the Chicago, Milwaukee & St. Paul railway, thirty-
eight miles from the City Hall.
Hammond. Hammond is a suburb of Chicago, in the State of Indiana,
situated almost at the present head of the navigable waters of the Calumet
river, and accessible by the Michigan Centra], the Chicago & Western
Indiana, the Chicago Belt Line, the Louisville, New Albany & Chicago, the
New York, Chicago & St. Louis (" Nickel Plate "), the Chicago & Atlantic,
and the Pittsburg, Cincinnati & St. Louis ("Panhandle ") railroads. Take
trains at Union depot, Canal and Adams sts. , Van Buren Street depot, Van
Buren and Sherman sts., Central depot, foot of Lake St., or Dearborn Station,
Polk st. and Third ave. Hammond, it appears, is destined to become one of
the greatest manufacturing towns in the vicinity of Chicago, but not until
within the past few years has its development been marked or extraordinary.
One of the first settlers of Hammond was E. W. Hohman. He located at
Hammond away back in the year 1849, kept a tavern and was justice of the
peace. The little outpost was then known as Hohman's Bridge. It was a
stage station between Chicago and Michigan City. Mr. Hohman owned about
1,000 acres of the land upon which the present corporate limits of the city are
located. Even in those early days Mr. Hohman firmly believed that Ham-
mond would at some future day become a great city. In 1869 he sold fifteen
acres of this tract to the G. H. Hammond Packing Company. This was the
start of the town. The packing interests soon drew about it the nucleus of
the town. The company erected buildings for its employes. Two or three
stores were erected, a town site mapped out, and work begun. At first the
packing interests were of a very modest nature. Less than twenty-five cattle
were slaughtered'aday, fifteen to twenty beingthe average, and about asmany
men were employed. The beef was the first ever shipped East from Chicago
in refrigerator cars. From this small beginning the business increased year
by year until to-day the Hammond plant is the largest of its kind in the
world. At present nearly 1,100 men are employed at the slaughtering houses,
and upward of 5,000 cattle are killed weekly and shipped East. In 1888 the
output of G. H. Hammond & Co. aggregated over $20,000,000; in 1H89 it
went up to nearly $26,000,000, ami in 1891 it aggregated nearly $40,000,000.
Around this little center new industries soon sought a location. In
1886 the Chicago Steel Manufacturing Company located there. A site of
fifteen acres of land was secured and upward of $500,000 was invested.
Large buildings of brick and glass have been put up, and when running to
full capacity it employs from 400 to 600 men aud boys. The Tuthill Spring
Company located in 1883. It has an invested capital of possibly $75,000 and
gives employment to at least 150 men. The Calumet Canning Company has
$300,000 invested and employs 300 hands; the Chicago Ax Company, with
$50,000 invested, employs 300 men; the Stein, Hirsch & Co.'s Starch Works,
with $800,000 invested, employs 200 hands, and the Hammond Milling
Company, with a capital of $100,000, employs fifty hands. But the most
important manufacturing additions to Hammond are of comparatively recent
date. In 1890 the Brown-Bonnell Company purchased laud at Hammond
456 GUIDE TO CHICAGO.
upon which it established a complete steel industry at an expenditure of
$3,000,000. The new works of the Brown-Bonuell Company will materially
transform Hammond. When these works are complete the manufacturing
interests in the district east of the packing houses will give employment to
over 4,000 men. With the exception of the Illinois Steel Company at South
Chicago this company will be the strongest manufacturing concern in the
Calumet basin. It will form one link of the chain of manufactories extend-
ing from the mouth of the Calumet river to East Chicago, and embracing the
works of the Illinois Steel Company, the Iroquois Furnace Company, the
Chicago Smelting and Refining Company, the Rolling Mill Company at Iron-
dale, the Rolling Stock Company at Hegewisch, and the Rolling Mill Com-
pany at East Chicago. Such are the manufacturing interests already located
at Hammond, and more are daily coming in. The more recent only date
since last summer. The P. E. Lane Iron Bridge Works have bought a
twenty-two acre tract in section thirty for $1,500 from W. H. Russell. This
company manufactures iron bridges and employs upward of 200 men. Its
present works are located at Fifty-seventh st. and the Fort Wayne tracks,
whence they will be removed to Hammond and started anew upon a larger
plane. The Kingsley Foundry and Manufacturing Company of Elyria, Ohio,
has also decided to locate at Hammond. This company has secured two
acres in section one, and will at once proceed to erect buildings to cost
$15,000 to $20,000, and will place machinery in them costing as much more.
It will employ fully 100 men. The company manufactures iron castings,
sewer pipes, etc. Besides these two concerns the American Hominy Flake
Company, of Yellow Springs, Ohio, has also secured a site in the Oakhill
sub-division to Hammond. This company has a capital of $100,000, and
proposes to spend from $30,000 to $35,000 in buildings on their new site. A
new elevator is to be built and an oatmeal mill. A large number of manu-
facturing concerns have purchased sites for their works within the past year.
Here will probably locate the greatest packing plant in the world (see New
Stock Yards) and an immense brewery. Already the growing city of Ham-
mond is stretching out branch towns in several directions. One and a half
miles to the northwest is Calumet Park, really a suburb of Hammond. This
town is located on the Calumet terminal and Panhandle railroads. The
National Surface Company, a large concern, has already established a factory
there. The corporation manufactures iron cattle guards. Hegewisch, East
Chicago and Whiting are all thriving manufacturing towns.
The location of Hammond is very desirable, both for manufacturing and
residence purposes, There is a plentiful supply of pure water, and modern
improvements in lighting, sewering, paving and architecture are being made
with amazing rapidity. The visitor can spend a day or two pleasantly and
profitably in Hammond and vicinity.
Harlem. Situated between the towns of River Forest and Oak Park, on
the Chicago & Northern Pacific railroad.
Harvey. Situated two miles south of the southern city limits, at the
junction of the Illinois Central, Big Four, and Grand Trunk railroads. Take
the Illinois Central train at foot of Randolph or Van Buren street; or take
train at Dearborn station, Third ave. and Polk st. l.arvey, though one of
the youngest, is one of the most important of Chicago's manufacturing sub-
urbs. Harvey, founded August 1890, now has a population of nearly 4,000.
Sixty trains a day connect it with the heart of the city, and railroad lines
THE ENCYCLOPEDIA. 457
other than those mentioned above are arranging to pass through the town,
and the transportation facilities will be of the very best. Unlike most sub-
urbs of Chicago, Harvey has excellent drainage facilities, being from twenty-
one to twenty-eight feet above the Calumet river, and having a brick sewer
four feet in diameter, fourteen.feet below the surface, extending to the river.
That portion of Harvey lying east of the Illinois Central railroad, and the
land lying north of the Chicago and Grand Trunk Ry. , and west of Ashland ave.,
will be devoted exclusively to manufacturing purposes. The rest of the
town being reserved for residences. Harvey has graded streets and side-
walks. Water works are completed, consisting of water tower, maips, and
artesian wells of large capacity. Parks ssirt the west side of the Illinois
Central railroad. A boulevard is made on 155th st. A $14,000 church is
built in the same locality near Lexington ave. A bank building is complete,
and hundreds of residences are already constructed. As a temperance, manu-
facturing town, Harvey is famous throughout the whole country. Among
the works already established at Harvey are: The Harvey Steel works, The
Griunell Wagon Works, The Atkinson Steel & Spring Works, Middleton Car
Spring Co., The Bellaire Stamping Co., The Wells Glass Co., The Buda
Foundry & Manufacturing Co., The Craver & Steele Manufacturing Co.,
Laughlin Manufacturing Co., Automatic Mower & Manufacturing Co., A J.
Sweeney & Son, and applications from other manufacturing companies to
remove their plants are under consideration. The freight rates to and from
Harvey are the same as to and from Chicago. Because Harvey is to be to a
great extent a manufacturing town, it must not be supposed that it is not
adapted for the suburban home of the city merchant, business and professional
man. There are many sites for lovely homes. An electric railroad has just
been completed proving a decided success, and an electiic light plant fur-
nishes light for the streets. Stores and a number of factories group them-
selves together along the residence streets and boulevards. On the boulevard
no residence is to be erected of less value than $2,500, and all buildings are to
be placed twenty-five feet back of the face line of street. In the section
bounded by 154th st. on the north, Ashland ave. on the west, and 157th st.
on the south, excepting blocks 92 and 93, no buildings are to be erected of
less value than $2,000. Outside of this area the only restrictions is a build-
ing line. All residences are to be twenty feet back of face line of street. On
all property west of Ashland ave. no house can be erected that shall be of less
cost than the value of the lot. On residence lots west of Ashland ave. the
building line is fifteen feet and twenty feet on 150th street boulevard.
Harvey is in all respects the most successful temperance town ever
founded, and, therefore, free from the many demoralizing influences result-
ing from the sale of liquor.
Hawtliorne. Situated on the Chicago, Burlington & Quincy railroad,
six miles from the city. At present there are many neat and substantial cot-
tages on several of the streets, which are all graded and have sidewalks laid.
The ground is twenty to thirty feet above city level, thusgiving fine drainage
facilities and pure air. There is a school-house and a church, and plans are
being perfected for the erection of other places of worship. Shade trees are
laid out on the streets, which are improved with crushed stone. Hawthorne
was laid out by G. S. Hubbard some years ago, and hassinoe been subdivided
and improved in many respects. Half a mile north of the land the proposed
site for the Grant Locomotive Works is situated, and about the same distance
458 GUIDE TO CHICAGO.
away in another direction there will be the Northern Pacific railroad shops
Of the already established industries of the locality the immense quarries'of
Dolese & Shepard take first rank. For paving and building purposes the
stone from these quarries is greatly thought of. Employment is given to
over 300 men in summer and about 150 in winter.
Hegewisch. Situated just within the southern limits of the city, east of
Calumet Lake and on the Calumet river. A most prosperous manufacturing
town, possessing all that is requisite to make it such, cheap grounds, compe-
tition facilities afforded both by rail and water, are the causes assigned for
the present promise of a most desirable location for any manufacturing
industry. The government has already made appropriation for the improve-
ment of the Calumet river, the intention being to widen it to 200 feet, with a
depth of from sixteen to eighteen feet, thus rendering it navigable for the
largest lake vessels. The town is named after the president of the United States
Roiling Stock Company. The company began operations here in 1884, when only
a small tavern occupied the site wherein now are 3,000 inhabitants. In 1885
manufacturing was commenced, and also the erection of houses for the
accommodation of this company's workmen. The plant now represents an
investment of $1,800,000, consisting of buildings, extensive docks, fourteen
miles of trackage in their yards, etc., etc. This plant has a capacity of
10,000 freight cars per annum, and employs 1,200 men. The Compound
Lumber Company's plant, employing 90 men for the manufacture of veneered
doors by machinery, and the Mahla & Chappell Chemical Works, 75 men, are
located here. The cheap transportation of iron ores by water adds to the
advantages of Hegewisch as a most eligible point for the manufacture of heavy
iron work. The railroads furnishing outlets to the Hegewisch shippers are:
The Michigan Central; Pittsburg, Port Wayne & Chicago; Chicago & Erie;
Louisville, New Albany & Chicago; Nickel Plate; and the two belt lines,
Chicago & Western Indiana, and Chicago & Calumet terminal railroads,
afford connections with every railroad running out of Chicago.
He&sville. Situated on the New York, Chicago & St. Louis (Nickel Plate)
railway, 22*^ miles from the City Hall. A manufacturing suburb.
Highlands. Situated on the Chicago, Burlington & Quincy Railroad,
seventeen and a half miles from the city hall, on highly elevated and beauti-
fully wooded lands, shade trees have been planted and will in a short time
give ample shade to the streets. Streets are macadamized. To the enterprise
of Messrs. Bogue & Co., and the excellent suburban service of the C. B. & Q.
road is due the popularity of the suburb.
Highland Park. Situated on the Milwaukee division of the Chicago &
North-Western railway. A beautiful suburb on the north shore. There
are many handsome homes here. The town is wooded nicely and the lawns
are very pretty.
High Ridge. Situated on the Milwaukee division of the Chicago &
North-Western railway, 8} miles from the City Hall.
Hinsdale. Situated on the Chic igo, Burlington & Quincy railroad, 17
miles from the City Hall. The town was founded about twenty years ago.
It is far enough from Chicago to be entirely free from the odors incident to a
big city. Abundant shade trees and shrubbery adorn the residence grounds
and line the streets. The avenues are lined with maple, elm, ash, and other
forest trees, while adjoining the drives surrounding it are groves of native
THE ENCYCLOPEDIA. 459
oak, elm and walnut, interspersed with lovely ferns. Country roads lead in
every direction and furnish tempting drives. One of the most attractive
drives is along the pretty, meandering stream called Salt creek. The creek
is fed by Mammoth spring, which tradition says sprang suddenly into life
and engendered Ihe creek. From this drive a view can be had of the old
mill and Brush Hill, a village rechristened to the more prosaic name of
Fullersburg. In Oak Forest cemetery are other pretty drives. The grounds
have been recently laid out by G. K. Wright and incorporated. In the ceme-
tery is the Bobbins Monument, erected to the founder of the town, who died
about two years ago. There is no manufacturing at Hinsdale and none is
desired. It is simply a residence suburb. Its very atmosphere suggests the
word "home," with all that the inexpressibly sweet term means to the Ameri-
can. The houses built upon the knolls of Hiusdale have a view of Chicago
in the distance, with all the intervening villages and country. Population,
about 2. 500.
Hyde Park Center. Situated on the Illinois Central railroad, the station
being at the foot of 53d st. Everything is "Hyde Park " below Thirty,
ninth st., and this common term, which isderived from the name of the townj
ship, is made to cover all the stations, suburbs and districts betw een tba
street and the Calumet district. In order to distinguish the village of Hyde
Park, therefore, from such points as Kenwood, Woodlawn, etc., this particu-
lar seel ion is called " Hyde Park Center." In 1861, when the town of Hyde
Park was incorporated, there were 350 persons living in the town, seventy-
one of whom were voters. The census of 1870 showed a population in the
whole town of 3,644; in 1880 there were 15,724; in 1885 there were triple the
number shown in 1880, and in 1890 there were fully 90,000 people living in
what was in 1889 the largest village in the world, village government hav-
ing been adopted in 1872. The village hall, located on Lake ave. near Fifty-
third street, made Hyde Park Center the social as well as political center of
the whole town. To tell the full story of Hyde Park Center it would be
necessary to tell the story of the old town and village of Hyde, which by
annexation became a part of Chicago in 1889. Until 1852 those forty-eight
square miles lying along the lake shore south of Thirty-ninth st. and east of
State street, extending south to One Hundred and Thirty-eighth street, lay a
sterile waste, with scarcely an inhabitant. The early growth of Hyde Park
was exceedingly slow, increasing at the rate of about one family per year
for the first ten years. Hassan A. Hopkins, the first collector of the town,
kept a general store in a shanty, ten feet square, until 1868, when he built the
store which is still standing on the southeast corner of Lake avenue and
Fifty-first street. Dr. W. S. Johnson, the first Homceopathist in town, had
his office in the upper story. Dr. J. Ramsey Flood, the first Allopathist,
was already on the ground. The first church was built in 1858, and stood
on the northeast corner of Lake avenue and Fifty-third street. It was first
used by believers of all denominations. In I860 it was deeded by Mr. Cor-
nell to the Presbyterians. In 1870 a new church building was dedicated on
the site where now stands a still newer and larger place of worship, dedicated
in the year 1890. The history of this church is the history of the people
of the Center in the early days. To-day all the denominations have large
societies and church edifices of their own. The Methodists occupy an impos-
ing granite-front temple on Fifty-fourth street, the Catholics have a new
church on Kimbirk avenue, and the Episcopalians a chapel on Washington
avenue. The first public school was erected in the year 1863, at Monroe
460 GUIDE TO CHICAGO.
avenue and Fifty-fourth street. The people of Hyde Park have always
taken great pride in the public schools, and commencement season
is still looked forward to, by all the members of every household, as
a matter of personal interest. Leslie Lewis has been superintendent
of schools since 1875. and is still retained by the city. The water
supply since 1882 has been better than that of the city of Chicago, Hyde Park
having water works of its own worth over half a million of dollars. There are
three large social clubs at Hyde Park Center. [See Hyde Park Suburban Club,
Park Club and Chicago Cycling Club.] Hyde Park Center has a large hotel,
and several others are contemplated. Rosalie Music Hall, Fifty-seventh street
and Rosalie court, is the place where all the public entertainments and meet-
ings are held. It has a seating capacity of 700. So closely connected and
blended with the Center are Madison Park, orFiftiethstreet, and South Park,
or Fifty-seventh street, that a separate consideration of them would be diffi-
cult, as they are identified with theCeHterin all essential interests. South Park
Station was formerly called Woodpile, when Charles A. Norton settkd in its
vicinity, in 1863. It was so named because of the pile of wood which stood
there as fuel for the locomotives. Mr. Norton had the name changed to
Woodville, and afterwards, when the bill creating the South Park system was
passed, in 1869, it was again changed to South Park. A $3,000 depot now
marks the spot where the woodpile formerly stood.
Irving Park. Situated on the Wisconsin division of the Chicago &
North-Western railway, 6^ miles from the city. The village was platted
and laid out when Chicago was young, and only such sites as possessed
great natural beauty and advantages were chosen for suburban residences.
Irving Park has a population of about 3,000 people. The original found-
ers were all American-born people, and nearly all the population at the
present time is of that nationality. They have one of the finest graded pub-
lic schools in Cook county, and the Jefferson high school is only ten blocks
from this at Montrose. It is natural that such a homogeneous collection of
people should develop the social life, and many are the pleasures which draw
the Irving Parkite from his cozy fireside to the glowing grate of his neighbor.
Besides these parlor associations, this place is the home of many flourishing
secret societies. The Irving Park Hall Association was formed in 1890
with a capital stock of $15,000, and has erected a building which contains an
auditorium that accommodates 600 people, a lodge room, a library, etc. There
are some beautiful residences in the suburb.
Itaska. Situated on the Chicago, Milwaukee & St. Paul railway, 21
miles from the City Hall.
Jefferson Park. Situated on the Wisconsin division of the Chicago &
North-Western railway, 9 miles from theCity Hall. A very attractive suburb.
Joliet. Situated on the main line of the Chicago, Alton & St. Louis, and
the Chicago, Rock Island & Pacific railroads, 39 miles southwest of the city. It
Is also reached by the Atchison, Topeka&Sante Fe, the Michigan Central, the
Elgin, Joliet & Eastern, the Chicago, Milwaukee & St. Paul, and the Chicago,
Burlington & Quincy railroads, all of which contribute largely to the traffic
of the city. The place has grown in population from 11,000 in 1880 to 27,407
in 1890. This does not include the prosperous suburbs, which are in reality a
part of the city, which would swell the population to at least 35,000. The
completion of the belt line, known as the Elgin, Joliet & Eastern railroad
extending from Waukegan, 111., on the north lake shore to the Baltimore &
THE ENCYCLOPEDIA. 461
Ohio railroad on the south lake shore gives to Joliet very superior advan-
tages as regards connections and freight rates. Of the 130,000 miles of rail-
road in the country Joliet is directly connected with 110,000 miles. This city
also has the Illinois and Michigan canal, "which, it is presumed, will be
enlarged to a ship canal at an early date, connecting the Mississippi with the
lakes. The freight tonnage from Joliet is enormous. [See Illinois Steel
Company.] Lying in close proximity to the city of Joliet are the stone quar-
ries, covering on the surf ace over 1,000 acres of ground and extending to an
average depth of twenty -six feet. [See Great Industries.] The wire industry
has assumed gigantic proportions, nine firms being engaged in it. Wire is
manufactured from home-made rods, and the best quality of fence and .other
wire produced, the capital invested being $750,000; theannualproduct, 33,500
tons, worth $2,500,000. Several hundred men are employed in this depart-
ment, and $600,000 paid annually to them. As good an evidence of the enter-
prise and progressive tendency of the city of Joliet as any, is the character of
the public buildings that have been erected .in the last ten years, prominent
among which are the Young Men's Christian Association building,
which cost $40,000, and includes a grand gymnasium and library
hall the buildiug presents an exceptionally imposing appearance
for one of its character; the Richards Street Methodist church, which cost
$30,000, and the Christ Episcopal church, which cost $35,000, and the grand
Masonic temple, whose corner-stone was laid June 12, 1890. At Joliet is
located the Northern Illinois penitentiary [See State Institutions.]
Kenosha, Wis. Situated on the Milwaukee division of the Chicago &
North- Western railway, 5\% miles from the City Hall. A celebrated sum-
mer resort. There are medical springs, fine hotels, handsome private houses,
beautiful grounds and, in the season, ihousands of pleasure and health-seek-
ers to be found here. Population, 1890, 6,529
Kensington (One Hundred and Sixteenth St.). Situated on the Illinois
Central railroajl, 15 miles from the Citj Hall. A prosperous town, with large
railroad interests.
Kenwood. Situated on the Illinois Central railway, between Forty-third
and Fifty-seventh sts., within the city limits and having no well-defined boun-
daries. The " Kenwood " station is at the foot of Forty-seventh st. The
name is merely local, and the district is in reality a part of Hyde Park. It
has no separate government, nor is it distinguished even as a postoffice, but in
this respect is simply recognized as a section of the city, like its immediate
neighbors, " Douglas," " Oakland " and "Madison Park." As distinctive
suburbs or villages these places have long since lost their individuality. Yet
Kenwood is an important district in the estimation of the people and one of
the most fashionable in the city. The man to see the future of that long strip
of sand along the shore of Lake Michigan, extending from Thirty-ninth st.
to the Indiana State line, was Paul Cornell. In 1852 Mr. Cornell bought 300
acres of land on the lake shore. He conveyed sixty acres to the Illinois Cen-
tral railroad upon the company's agreement to run three trains daily to the
station at Fifty-sixth st. The trains were started June 1, 1856. In 1858 the
station was moved to Fifty-third st. There were then only seven families at
the Center those of Judge J. A. Jameson, Warren S. Bogue, Chauncey
Stickney, Paul Cornell, Dr. A. B. Newkirk, Charles Spring, Sr. ; Charles
Sprinp. Jr., and Dr Jonathan A. Konnicott. In 1859 Dr. Kennicott moved
to Madison ave. and Forty-eighth st. and called his place Kenwood, after
462 GUIDE TO CHICAGO.
Kenwood, near Edinburgh, Scotland, where his mother was born. Kenwood
Club is the social Mecca of Kenwood. Although there is a deal of enter-
taining at private houses, all the families belong to the club, and its weekly
entertainments are always counted on and allowed for on the social calendar.
There are at present 350 members of this club. [See Kenwood Club.]
Kenwood Institute is located here. [See Kenwood Institute.] Kenwood
is bounded on the West by that magnificent avenue known as " Drexel boule-
vard," and is contiguous to Washington Park. It is a beautiful section of
the city and worthy of a visit. The proper way to view it is by private con-
veyance. It can be reached by the Cottage Grove ave. cable line. The pri-
vate residences of Kenwood are among the finest in the city. Among the
most noticeable mansions are those of Charles Counselman, Greenwood ave.
and Fifty-first St.; W. E. Hale, Drexel blvd. and Forty-sixth St.; Martin A.
Ryerson, Drexel blvd. and Forty-ninth St.; William H. Burnet, Kimbark ave.
and Forty-seventh st., and Dr. Almon Brooks, 5653 Lake ave.
Lacton. Situated on the Chicago, Burlington & Quincy railroad, 23
miles from the City Hall.
LaFox. Situated on the Galena division of the Chicago & North- Western
railway, 40 miles from the City Hall. A hunters' rendezvous.
LaOrange. Situated on the Chicago, Burlington & Quincy railroad 14
miles from the city hall, and 6 miles from the city limits, is the largest subur-
ban town on the line between Chicago and Aurora, having nearly 5,000
inhabitants. There are two stations in the village, one at Fifth, and the other
at Stone Avenue. The railroad service is of the best, the distance from the
Union depot being but 27 minutes, with 42 passenger trains a day, which stop
at LaGrangc. This most important feature of being nearer the city hall in
point of time, than most of the aristocratic residence districts within the city,
has been one of the principal elements in the development of LaGrange. The
town has large water works and electric light systems, and every house is
fully supplied with all city conveniences. Lying as it does, 66 feet above
lake datum, every portion of the village is given a most healthful and sani-
tary location, which has been rendered the more secure by the completion at
great expense of an unusually fine drainage and sewerage system. Unlike
most suburban towns, LaGrauge has a large commercial interest. There are
a number of fine business blocks and well stocked store sot all kinds. So sharp
is competition in all lines of business, that the people of LaGrange are enabled
to buy goods at Chicago prices This, together with the fact that there is a
large farming community to supply, makes business in LaGrange lively and
flourishing. Added to all this LaGrange is, as its inhabitants love to call it,
the " Garden spot of Cook county." It is, as it were, an oasis in the prairie.
Double rows of shade trees lining either side of the streets, and almost hiding
the houses from view, are its greatest beauty and attraction. Evergreen
hedges and artistic shrubbery abound, lending beauty and effect. LaGrange
is far famed for the wealth of its stately elms and graceful maples, which
make its drives and walks the artist's joy. The social features of LaGrange.
its cultivated society, and the fraternal and enterprising spirit of its citizens,
and the active support given the six prosperous churches (which include all the
principal denominations) together with the exceptional educational advan-
tages furnished through its high schools and graded gramrner schools offer-
ing every opportunity to the young, are great inducements to those seeking
THE ENCYCLOPEDIA. 463
ideal homes. The architectural designs of the houses are pleasing and varied.
Many of the houses give evidence of wealth, and the majority bespeak for
their owner's comfortable circumstances. LaGrange Park is beautifully
situated near the village on the banks of the Des Plaines river, and should
be visited by all desiring pretty scenery, and recreation in a beautiful dell.
LaVergne. Situated on the Chicago, Burlington & Quincy railroad, 10^
miles from the City Hall. A small suburb.
Lake. Situated on the Michigan Central railroad, 85 miles from the City
Hall.
Lake Bluff. Situated on the Milwaukee division of the Chicago &
North-Western railway, 30*4 miles from the City Hall. This place is con :
ducted after the manner of Chautauqua. During the summer there are
frequent gatherings of religious, temperance and literary people on the beau
tiful heights which overlook Lake Michigan. There are splendid hotel
accommodations here.
Lake Forest. Situated on the Milwaukee division of the Chicago &
North- Western railroad, 28^J miles from the City Hall, on the north shore of
Lake Michigan. The early history of the ground which it covers is full of
Indian romance, and associated with events of great importance in connection
with the settlement of the West. The forces of General Scott marched along
this territory and pitched their tents beneath the leafy expanse of the forest
during the Black Hawk War of 1831. It was at that time that the famous old
warrior had his soldiers remove the underbrush and blaze the trees, thus con-
structing the first roadway from Chicago to Green Bay. It was then tortuous
and uncertain in its course. It still remains the highway to the west of the
railroad, and is called the Green Bay or old Waukegan road. Of the later
history of Lake Forest few of its inhabitants, it is safe to say, have an ade-
quate knowledge. Like Evanston, the town owes its beginning to the estab-
lishment of a university. Unlike Evanston, the university once established
did not tiecome the life of the town, nor has it in any way been responsible
for its growth. [See Lake Forest University.] Of Lake Forest much
might be said. Its natural beauties are such as can be appreciated only when
seen. Imagine yourself on a bluff which rises abruptly from the water's
edge to a height of 100 or more feet. To the east is the broad expanse of blue
water. North and south, as far as the eye can reach, is nothing to obstruct
the view. Turning around and looking westward the scene changes. Along
the bluff and close to its precipitous descent are magnificent dwellings, sur-
rounded by spacious lawns, adorned with luxuriant flower beds. A few steps
to the westward and the lake is hidden from view. You are in the midst of
as beautiful a forest of trees aa you have ever seen. At one time it must
have been well-nigh impenetrable. Only a sufficient number of trees have
been removed to allow of building and beautifying.
Lakeside. Situated on the Milwaukee division of the Chicago & North-
Western railroad, 17J^ miles from the City Hall. A new and pretty suburb.
Lake Villa. Situated on the Chicago & Northern Pacific railroad, 51^
miles from the City.Hall. Here is located a magnificent summer resort hote^
erected by Mr. E. J. Lehman, of this city. It is the point at which many
.of the Fox Lake pleasure-seekers stop, or leave the road for the beautiful
lakes in this vicinity.
464 GUIDE TO CHICAGO.
Lemont. Situated on the Chicago, Alton & St. Louis railroad, 25^ miles
from the City Hall. Immense building stone quarries are operated here.
[See Great Industries.]
Libertymlle. Situated on the Chicago, Milwaukee & St. Paul railway, 32
miles from the City Hall.
Linden Park. Situated on the Galena division of the Chicago & North-
Western railway, about 6^ miles from the City Hall. A small suburb
within the limits.
Lisle. Situated on the Chicago, Burlington & Quincy railroad, 26 miles
from the City Hall.
Lockport. Situated on the Chicago, Alton & St. Louis, and Chicago,
Santa Fe & California railways, 37 miles from the city. This is the point at
which the new drainage canal works will end, so far as the management of
the sanitary district of Chicago is concerned. [See Drainage and Ship
n1.1
Lombard. Situated on the Galena division of the Chicago & North
Western railway, 20 miles from the City Hall.
Madison Park (Fiftieth Street). Situated on the Illinois Central rail
road, 6.13 miles from the City Hall.
HANDEL. A pretty suburb on theJChicago & Northern Pacific Railroad,
6 miles from the Court-house. Take train at Grand Central depot, Harrison
st. and -Fifth ave. This place has grown in population and importance lately.
R. W. Hyman, Jr., & Co., 184 Dearborn st., are agents for property at Man
del, and will give intending purchasers all necessary information
Manhattan. Situated on the Wabash, St. Louis & Pacific railway, 40
miles from the City Hall.
Maple Park. Situated on the Galena division of the Chicago & North-
Western railway, 50^ miles from the City Hall.
Maplewood. Situated on the Wisconsin division of the Chicago & North-
Western railway, 4^ miles from the City Hall.
Marley. Situated on the Wabash, St. Louis & Pacific railway, 30 miles
from the City Hall.
Matteson. Situated on the Illinois Central railroad, 28J miles from the
City Hall.
Maynird. Situated on the Chicago, St. Louis & Pittsburgh railroad, near
Joliet crossing, 32 miles from the City Hall.
Maywood. Situated on the Galena division of the Chicago & North- West-
ern railway, 10 miles from the City Hall. Maywood is the chief village of
the township of Proviso, and is quite a manufacturing town. The Des-
plaiues river flows along its entire eastern boundary, and the town site is
twenty-five feet above the level of the river and seventy feet above
the level of the lake. Its history goes back twenty years, when the
site of the town was a trackless prairie and was known as the Niles farm.
The Desplaines river adds greatly to the natural beauty of the place.
Its course at this point is winding. Its banks on either side are undulating
and well wooded. The stream is deep enough at all seasons of the year to
THE ENCYCLOPEDIA. 465
admit of boating. The town itself gives one the impression of a miniature
forest in the center of a broad expanse of prairie. The trees planted over
twenty years ago have matured and now lend their shade and attractiveness
to the streets and lawns. The educational, social and religious advantages
of the place have made May wood a very popular suburb.
McCaffrey. Situated on the Chicago & Grand Trunk railway, 11 miles
from the City Hall.
Melroae. Sitnated just west of Maywood on the Galena division of the
Chicago & North- Western railway, about ten and a quarter miles from the
City Hall.
Millers. Situated on the Lake Shore & Michigan Southern railway, 30
miles from the City Hall.
Mokena. Situated on the Chicago, Rock Island & Pacific railway, 80
miles from the City Hall.
Monee. Situated on the Illinois Central railroad, 34J^ miles from the
City Hall.
Mont Clare. Situated on the Chicago, Milwaukee & St. Paul railway, 10
miles from the City Hall.
Montrose. Situated at the crossing of two double track main line rail-
ways, at the junction of the Evanston cut-off and the Chicago & North-
Western and West Chicago Bolt line, 7^ miles from the City Hall. The
town was founded in the fall of 1870, just one year before the great Chicago
fire, the railway companies being interested in its early formation. Montrose
is delightfully located. It is the exact geographical center of the town of
Jefferson, May fair postoflice being the central distributing point tor the sur-
rounding settlements. It is fifty feet above the lake and thirty feet above the
north branch of the Chicago river, which affords splendid drainage, and like
many others of the older suburbs it is fast ripening into a most beautiful place
by the growth of the trees which were set out by its founders.
Moreland. Situated on the Galena division of the Chicago and North-
Western railway, about 6 miles from the City Hall. A pleasant little hamlet
within the limits.
Morgan Park. A suburb of 2,500 inhabitants, including many represent-
ative business men of Chicago. It is thirteen miles from the Court-house", and
is just outside the city limits, which form its northein and eastern boundaries.
By being outside the city it controls its own improvements, keeps out the
-saloons and escapes city taxes. Situated upon the highest part of the famous
Blue Island Ridge, which is in marked contrast to the surrounding level land,
it has an elevation of 100 feet above Lake Michigan, and commands a view of
the whole surrounding country. On account of the elevation, the broken
character of the land and the profusion of shade trees, it has natural beauties
unsurpassed by any land in Cook county. While Morgan Park is essentially
a residence suburb, it is the geographical centre of the great industrial region
of Calumet, which comprises South Chicago, Harvey, Pullman, West Pull-
man, and many other manufacturing districts. Morgan Park is, therefore,
not only available to the men engaged in commercial pursuits in the business
portion of Chicago, but is the natural residence locality for the whole Calumet
region, which is probably developing more rapidly than any other manufac-
turing and industrial community in the world.
466 GUIDE TO CHICAGO.
A notable feature of Morgan Park is its educational institutions. The
University of Chicago, which will open next October, has located its prepara-
tory school at this point. It has absorbed the Baptist Theological School and
the Illinois Military Academy, and will spend $150,000 in erecting additional
buildings. The University is richly endowed, and expects within a few j'ears
to rival the oldest and best universities in the East. The Chicago Female
College at Morgan Park is a young ladies' school of the first order. It is
taxed constantly to the limit of its capacity The Quakers are at present
negotiating, with every prospect of success, for ground at Morgan Park on
which to build a $40,000 school, and establish a general headquarters for the
society throughout the United States. In addition to the colleges there are
excellent public schools, and a handsome public library, well stocked with
choice books.
Morgan Park has already four churches, namely, Baptist, Methodist,
Episcopal and Congregational. The Presbyterians are endeavoring at present
to raise money to build them a suitable place of worship.
The water and sewer systems are excellent. All the dwellings are sup-
plied with water from two artesian wells, which have a capacity far in excess
of the present demand. The sanitary conditions are unexcelled. The eleva-
tion of the land affords perfect drainage, with no possibility of malarial dis-
eases incident to flat localities with imperfect sewerage.
The railroad accommodations are good, and are improving each year.
Both the main line and the branch of the Rock Island road pass through Mor-
gan Park, and run eighteen trains a day each way. The New Chicago Central
road, which has just been completed and will be in operation as soon as spring
opens, belongs to the Northern Pacific system, and is a double-track suburban
road of the first order. Through a combination of the Baltimore & Ohio,
Chicago Central and Rock Island railroads, Morgan Park will have a direct
connection with the World's Fairgrounds during the Exposition. In addition
there are three projected electric roads which will connect Morgan Park with
the surrounding suburbs. It is also extremely probable that the South Side
elevated railroad will be extended to Morgan Park. The present railroad fare
to the city is 9 7-10 cents a ride on a commutation ticket.
Morgan Park has passed the experimental stage, and has entered upon an
era of prosperous growth. During the last year there were built over fifty
new residences, two handsome business blocks and two new depots. Another
business block, to cost over $70,000, is now being built and will be completed
about the 1st of May. The town'board has recently passed an ordinance, and
the first of the contracts have been let, for over ten miles of street improve-
ments, comprising water, sewer and macadam. These improvements will
complete the drainage and paving systems of Morgan Park, and will form the
most perfect system of street improvements of any suburb of Chicago.
The prices of property are low. They have kept pace with the growth
and development of the suburb, but have not been inflated by any unhealthy
boom. The rapid advance will come this year, owing to the large number oi
buildings completed hast season and the greater number to be built this year,
the extensive street improvements, the opening of the new college and the
completion of the new railroad.
Morton Park. Situated on the Chicago, Burlington & Quincy railroad,
6} miles from the City Hall. Its history dates back to 1888, and the town
owes its origin to a syndicate which purchased the land, and has spared no
expense in making it a delightful place. Prominent among the syndicate
were P. B. Weare, John Cudahy, James E. Booge, John H. Hurlbut, O. F.
THE ENCYCLOPEDIA. 467
Wolf and C. C. Rubins. It is twenty : tbrec feet above the level of the lake,
and trees of all kinds have been planted which will in time give ample shade
to the streets. The town took its name from ex-Governor Morton, of
Nebraska. For so young a suburb Morton Park is provided with more than
the usual amount of improvements. All the streets arc, macadamized and con-
nected with thecity gassystem Its elevation is such as to make the drainage
problem an easy one. Its contiguity to the business portion of the city and
the excellent suburban service of the Chicago, Burlington & Quincy road
are two things that add to the popularity of the town.
Mount Forest. Situated on the Chicago, Alton & St. Louis railroad, 16%
miles from the City Hall.
Mount Greenwood. Situated on the Chicago & Grand Trunk railway,
16% miles from the City Hall.
Mount Prospect. Situated on the Wisconsin division of the Chicago and
North- Western railway, 20 miles from thu City Hall.
Napermlle. Situated on the Chicago, Burlington & Quincy railway, 30
miles from the City Hall. This was the nearest settlement to Chicago ia 1830.
Mr. Stepheu Scott, afterward a banker of the place, settled therein that year.
During the following two years a number of families arrived by way of the
lakes, passing through Chicago. Among them was a Mr Naper, for whom
the town was named. At that time a number of the immigrants viewed the site
of Chicago with disfavor, and really believed that Naperville would grow to
be the more important place of the two. Mr. H. W. Knickerbocker settled
in the village in 1833. The place did not grow as was expected but it has
been for many years the center of a settlement of sturdy yeomen, and among
its citizens are many of the pioneers of Illinois. It is now a beautiful
suburb of Chicago; has a number of handsome mansions, charming grounds
and other attractions.
New Lenox. Situated on the Chicago, Rock Island & Pacific railway, 34
miles from the City Hall.
Normal Park. Situated on the Chicago & Erie railway, 7 miles from the
City Hall. Here isjiocated the Cook County Normal School for the education
of school teachers.*
North Evamton. Situated on the Milwaukee division of the Chicago &
North- Western railway, 13 miles from the City Hall. A part of the suburb
of Evanston.
Norwood. Situated on the Wisconsin division of the Chicago & North-
Western railway, 10% miles from the City Hall.
Oak Glen. Situated on the Chicago, Milwaukee & St. Paul railway, 17
miles from the City Hall.
Oakland (Thirty-ninth st.). Situated on the Illinois Central railway,
4.59 miles from the City Hall.
Oak Lawn. Situated on the Wabash, St. Louis & Pacific railway, 14
miles from the City Hall.
Oak Park. Situated on the Galena division of the Chicago & North-
Western railway, 8% miles from the City Hall. One of the most beautiful
suburbs Ij'ing to the west. There are many elegant houses and handsome
churches here. The avenues of the village are shaded by trees and the lawns
present a delightful appearance in the summer.
408 GUIDE TO CHICAGO.
Oak Woods. Situated on the Illinois Central railroad, 9J^ miles from the
City Hall. [See Oak Woods Cemetery.]
Orchard Place. Situated on the Cliicjgo & Northern Pacific railroad,
20% miles from the City Hall.
Orland.- -Situated on the Wabash, St. Louis & Pacific railway, 23 miles
from the City Hall.
Palatine. Situated on the Wisconsin division of the Chicago & North-
Western railway, 27 miles from the City Hall. An old and handsome suburb.
Park Ridge. Situated on the Wisconsin division of the Chicago & North-
Western railway, 13% miles from the City Hall.
Park Side (Seventieth st.). Situated on the Illinois Central railroad, 8%
miles from the City Hall.
Pine. Situated on the Lake Shore & Michigan Southern railway, 22%
miles from the City Hall.
Prairie View. Situated on the Chicago & Northern Pacific railroad, 34%
miles from the City Hall.
Prospect Park. Situated on the Galena division of the Chicago & North-
Western railway, 22% miles from the City Hall.
Pullman (One Hundred and Eleventh st.). Situated on the Illinois Cen-
tral railroad, 13% miles from the City Hall. [See Pullman, under heading
" Great Industries. ']
Racine, Wis. Situated on the Milwaukee division of the Chicago &
North-Western railway , 68 miles from the City Hall. A large and prosperous
town. Manufactures of various kinds are carried on here. The town is
beautifully located on the north shore of Lake Michigan. Population, 1890,
21,022.
Ravcnswood. Situated on the Milwaukee division of the Chicago & North-
Western railway, 5 miles from the City Hall. Its contiguity to the city
makes it a very desirable residence suburb for Chicago people whose business
demands their close attention. The town had its origin in the formation of a
syndicate organized in 1868; L. A. Willard. Martin Van Ajlen, Judge G. M.
Wilson, D. A. Jones, S. Hodges, C. P. Leland, C. T. Brown, A. F. Seer-
berger and M. Ladel being its principal promoters. The town was named
after a village in New Jersey. Ravenswood has nothing in its history to par-
ticularly distinguish it from other suburban towns. Until 1886 it gave no
promise of becoming so populous and popular a suburb. But few houses
were built by the syndicate. Mr. Leland was at that time auditor of the
Michigan Southern and Northern Indiana roads, and through him scores of
lots were sold to the employes of the road. M-iny of them had hardly settled
there when they were compelled to move The road consolidated with the
Lake Shore and the general offices were moved to Cleveland, Ohio. This
depopulated the town and it became a veritable " deserted village." Follow-
ing closely came the panic of 1873, leaving it deader than ever. It remained
so until the country intervening filled up and the city expanded. Annexation
did wonders for Ravenswood. Since that eventful time the town has been
given most all the modern improvements. Every street has been macada
mized and presents a broad, pleasant and shad y thoroughfare. The town has
been connected with the Lake View gas system. The Lake View High School
is located at the southeast corner of the town. It is one of the completest
c. 7.
s o r
N H !
THE ENCYCLOPEDIA. 469
schools in outfit and thoroughness of training in the country. Besides this
there are two excellent graded schools. Four denominations have found
homes in Ravenswood and have built fine houses of worship. In 1882 the
citizens formed a public library association and built a two-story, plain stone,
library building. It now contains a well-selected library, which is open to
the public every evening. There is a hall in the building that is used for
public entertainments.
Ravinia. Situated on the Milwaukee division of the Chicago &~North-
Western railroad, 21^ miles from the City Hall.
Redesdale. Situated on the Chicago & Grand Trunk railway, 40 miles
from the City Hall.
Rfwdes. Situated on the Chicago & Northern Pacific railroad, 13> miles
from the City Hall.
Richton. Situated on the Illinois Central railroad, 29^ miles from the
City Hall.
tiidgdand. Situated on the Galena division of the Chicago & North-
Western railway, about 8 miles from the City Hall. This is a charming
suburb and one that is growing rapidly.
Rioerdale. Situated on the Chicago, St. Louis & Pittsburg railroad, 20
miles from the City Hall.
River Forest. Situated on the Galena division of the Chicago & North-
western and the Wisconsin Central railways, beside the Desplaines river, 9
miles west of the City Hall; founded about 1855. In 1860 the first school-
house was erected and Miss Prances Willard was made teacher. Through her
instrumentality a Sunday-school was established, which resulted in the organ-
ization of a church society and the building of a Methodist church. In 1889,
the town attracted the attention of home-seekers and since then it has grown
rapidly. Population, 1890, about, 1,000. The location is a beautiful and
healthful one, eighty feet above the lake. It is literally a town built in a
forest. Not only are the streets made inviting by the double rows of elms and
oaks, but the houses are almost, without exception, hidden from view by forest
trees, some of them four feet in diameter. A complete system of sewerage
has been put in and all the streets are paved with Lombard gravel. Most of
the streets are eighty feet wide, but River Forest has seven avenues running
east and west that are 100 feet wide, for the distance of one mile. The build-
ing lines are strictly adhered to and iiot a house but is set back eighty feet
from the road.
Rioer Rirk. Situated on the Chicago & Northern Pacific railroad, 15J
miles from the City Hall.
Riverside. Situated on the Chicago, Burlington & Quincy railroad, and
beside the Desplaines river, 12^ miles from the City Hall. This is one of
the most charming of Chicago's suburbs. It was laid out on the "Improve-
ment Plan " just before the financial panic of 1873; Mr. David Gage, at the
time treasurer of the city of Chicago, and a number of prominent capitalists
being interested in the enterprise. Avenues, sewered and paved with asphal-
tum, wound in semi-circles and serpentine curves through the virgin forest.
Gas and water works were provided. A number of handsome mansions were
erected, and it was part of the general plan that no residences costing less
than $25,000 should be built, in the suburb. The panic came, however, before
the investment began to make returns; Mr. Gage was discovered to be short
470 GUIDE TO CHICAGO.
in his accounts with the city, and stock in the Riverside Company became a
drug in the market. About the same time, rumors to the effect that River-
side was troubled with malaria were current, and many of those, who had
taken up their residence there, deserted their homes and moved back to the
city. The grand hotel was allowed to remain unoccupied, as were the hand-
some residences, for years. Decay set in. The gas works were dismantled,
and, until 1880, property at Riverside could be bought for a song. About
that time, however, a new movement in the direction of the beautiful suburb
set in, and since then the place has more than recovered from its set-back.
Many prominent and wealthy citizens of Chicago now reside there. The
location is picturesque and has proved to be perfectly healthful.
Rockefeller. Situated on the Chicago & Northern Pacific railroad, 40^
miles from the City Hall.
Romeo. Situated on the Chicago, Santa Fe & California railway, 41%
miles from the City Hall.
Rosalind. Roseland joins Pullman at Indiana ave. (See birds-eye-view).
It was one of the lirst settlements west of Lake Calumet, being originally an
agricultural community. It was known as "The Holland Settlement,"
and the appellation fitted to a charm, as its first settlers were sturdy, indus-
trious immigrants from the vicinity of Rotterdam and Amsterdam, who
arrived in 1848. The post-office was originally called Hope post-office, but in
1873 it was changed to Roseland. The location was excellent and under the
efforts of the sober, industrious settlers the little colony flourished. It also
continued to receive accretions from Holland. The colonists established a
church and a school-house and pursued a peaceful existence without exciting
incident for many years. Along in the "70's" the first subdivision was
made. In 1880 Pullman was located, and since that time James II. Van
Vlissingen and Arthur Van Vlissingen laid out the main subdivisions,
and put several hundred acres upon the market, initiating a movement
by which Roseland to-day has 6,000 population who enjoy every good
that city life affords, as it was annexed to Chicago in November, 1890.
The geography of the region makes Roseland the home of the artisan. He
is attracted by a double magnet work at the adjacent huge manufactories
and a high and dry and healthy location for a home, for Roseland offers a
combination rarely met with in the Calumet region the manufactory and
home site siJe by side. Undoubtedly the sturdy Hollanders knew what they
were about when they settled at Roseland away back in 1848. Hollanders
are generally supposed to take kindly to low ground. Perhaps they desired
a change; at any rate they picked out almost the highest land in the region
for miles around, for Roseland is situated on a north and south ridge about a
mile west of the shore of Calumet lake. The country between Lake Michigan
and L-ike Calumet is very low, but the land on the western sliore of Lake Calu-
met rises steadily and suddenly at Roseland loan elevation of thirty feet; quite
a respectable altitude for Chicago, which is scoffed at by some jealous critics
as bcina; "flat as a pancake." A survey of the map enforces the proposition
by no means a new one, that the future of this district, lying to the west of
Calumet Lake, is more promising than that of any other locality in the whole
Calumet region. Not only has nature been lavish, but, situated as Roseland
is, on the great thoroughfares leading direct from the heart of Chicago State
and Halsted streets among others it is in the direct line of future elevated,
cable and electric roads. In fact several pro jected"L" roads run through this
THE ENCYCLOPEDIA. 471
territory. It is already splendidlj equipped with railroad facilities. On its
eastern border runsthe Illinois Central Railroad, with its magnificent suburban
service. Almost through its center run the Pau Handle, the Chicago &
Eastern Illinois and the Chicago & Western Indiana Railroads. Over the
hitter's tracks it makes connection just to the north with the Belt Line, of which
system the Chicago & Western Indiana is part, and thus with every railroad
entering Chicago. Roseland is thus provided with both passenger and freight
facilities unexcelled. It now has 107 passenger trains per day to ar.d from
Chicago. Roseland has police and fire protection and schools. There is no
trouble about perfect drainage, no expense for filling streets and no special
assessments for cosily curb walls. Every home owner can have his own cellar.
Fifteen thousand feet of watermains arebeingputin Roseland streets, making
a total of three miles. Contracts have been let to commence the erection of
one of the handsomest public schools in Chicago, to cost $75,000. This school
will contain sixteen rooms and an assembly hall, and will be constructed of
pressed brick and stone. Nowhere within the city limits is there greater
activity in building operations than at Roseland. Thcchurchesaie as follows:
Baptiit, Swedish Church, Dutch Reformed. First Rt formed, Dutch
Reformed, Christian Reformed, Dutch Reformed, Bethany Church (English),
Evangelical Lutheran, German, Evangelical Lutheran, Swedish. Evangelical
Free Church, Swedish, Methodist Episcopal, Grace Church, Presbyterian,
Roman Catholic, Church of the Holy Rosary, Roman Catholic, St. Nicholas
(German), Roman Catholic, St. Louis (French), Bethesda Norwegian and
Danish Lutheran Church, Salvation Army, Seventh Day Adventists and sects
having no church building.
Sag Bridge. Situated on the Chicago, Alton & St. Louis railroad, 21%
miles from the City Hall. The scene of one of the most dreadful railroad
accidents that ever occurred in this State.
Sherman. Situated on the Chicago & Grand Trunk railway, 13J miles
from the City Hall.
Silver Lake. Situated on the Chicago & Northern Pacific railroad, 61)^
miles from the City Hall. A summer pleasure resort.
South Chicago. Situated on the Illinois Central, Chicago, Rock Island &
Pacific and Baltimore & Ohio railroads, twelve miles from the City Hall, within
the limits. A great manufacturing center. A part of the Illinois Steel Com-
pany's works are located here. There are immense manufactories, docks,
etc., in the vicinity. [See Great Industries.]
South EngUwood. Situated on the Rock Island and the Eastern Illinois
railroads, between Eighty third and Ninety-second sts., north and south, and
Stewart ave. and Robey st., east and west. The location of the town has had
much to do with its rapid growth. It is practically a part of the city proper,
its center being the junction of Ashland ave. and Halstedst. Immense improve-
ments have been made during recent years. It is well paved, sewered and
lighted, and has many elegant homes and business houses, schools and
churches.
South Evanston. Situated on the Milwaukee division of the Chicago &
North- Western railway and on the Evanston division of the Chicago, Mil-
waukee & St. Paul railway, eleven miles from the City Hall, on the north shore
of Lake Michigan. There aretwostations, " Calvary," the station for the prin-
cipal Roman Catholic Cemetery of the city, and South Evanston proper. One
of the prettiest of the suburbs. It is distinct in government and character from
Evanston, although the two villages meet and mingle with each other, the
472 GUIDE TO CHICAGO.
line between them being- simply Ibe width of a street. Unlike Evanston,
South Evanston has no " institutions," the only public building in the place
being the Old Soldiers' Home, now used as a girls' industrial school. [See
Training School for Boys and Girls.] It is purely a village of homes.
South Evanston has a mile frontage on the lake, just where the shore makes a
graceful bend toward the town. Situated thus it affords an unobstructed
view from any point. The topography of the country is such as to
afford an excellent town site. Commencing at the lake shore the land
rises gradually and gracefully till it reaches an elevation of twenty-five
feet at Chicago ave. From Chicago ave. to Ridgeave. is another rise of twenty-
five feet. Had the land been made to order it could not have been
better suited for a complete aiid effective drainage system. In I&o8
the population of South Evanston was in the neighborhood of l,5uU.
In 1891 it was nearly 4,000. The late Gen. Julius White was the founder
of South Evanston. After the great Chicago fire the firm of Warren
Keeney & Co. made extensive improvements in the town, erecting a large
number of very fine residences for which, at the time, there was no market.
This firm borrowed money at a high rate of interest to maintain its invest-
ments, but was finally compelled to surrender everything. The costly resi-
dences remained tenantless for a number of years and many of them went to
ruin. By the time South Evanston took on its new growth they were too old-
fashioned to meet the requirements of the new residents, and they have fallen
into the background or disappeared to make room for the mare modern dwell-
ings of the place. The failure of the Warren Keeney investment was a ter-
rible blow to the village, and it did not recover from it for several years. It
has been growing, at times, slowly, but always steadily and substantially
since 1880, and it now ranks among the most popular suburbs on the North-
Western system. The village has a splendid water and sewer system ; its
streets are well paved, and public improvements are constantly under way.
The water and electric light plants are owned by the village government,
which is vested in a board of trustees. There are four handsome churches
here Methodist, Episcopalian, Presbyterian and German Catholic and two
large public school buildings. Sheridan Road runs through the entire length
of the town, and ample provision has been made for a beautiful park on the
lake shore. Nearly all the streets are eighty feet wide and the alleys twenty.
The lots are fifty feet front by from 175 to 200 feet deep. The residences
are not elegant, but nearly all are neat and comfortable. [The village voted
to unite with Evanston, Feb. 20, 1892. Sic " Evanston, City of."]
South Lawn. Situated on the Illinois Central and Chicago & Grand"
Trunk railways, 23}- miles from the City Hall.
South Lynnc. Situated on the Chicago, St. Louis & Pitlsburg rail-
road, 11 miles from the City Hall.
Spring Bluff. Situated on the Milwaukee division of the Chicago &
North Western railway, 45 miles from the City Hall.
Stnne Wood. Situated on the Illinois Central railroad, 24 miles from the
City Hall.
Stough. Situated on the Chicago, Burlington & Quincy railroad, 19>
miles from the City Hall.
Summerdale. Situated on the Milwaukee division of Ihe Chicago &
North-Western railway, about 6i< miles from the City Hall. There is a cotton
factory here which employs a large number of girls.
Summit. Situated on the Chicago, Alton & St. Louis railroad, 12 miles
THE ENCYCLOPEDIA. 473
from the City Hall, on the Desplaines river. This is where the celebrated
"Long" John Went worth farm is located. It was formerly quite a fishing
resort.
Sycamore. Situated on the Galena division of the Chicago & North-
Western railway, 60 miles from the City Hall.
Thatcher's Park, Situated on the Chicago & Northern Pacific railroad,
12% miles from the City Hall. A picnic resort.
Thornton. Situated on the Chicago & Eastern Illinois railroad, 2Z%
miles from the City Hall.
Tolleston. Situated on the Baltimore & Ohio, Lake Shore & Michigan
Southern, Michigan Central, and Pittsburg & Fort Wayne railroads, 25
miles south of the City Hall. This is destined to become one of the greatest
of Chicago's outlying industrial towns. It is the proposed site of the new
stock yards projected by Armour, Swift, Morris & Co. [See New Stock
Yards.]
Tracy. Situated on the Chicago, Rock Island & Pacific railway, 13
miles from the City Hall. A manufacturing suburb.
Tremont. Situated on the Chicago, St. Louis & Pittsburgh railroad, 9%
miles from the City Hall.
Trevor. Situated on the Chicago & Northern Pacific railroad, 59 miles
from the City Hall.
Turner. Situated on the Galena division of the Chicago & North-West-
ern railway, 30 miles from the City Hall. A large country town, well built
and handsomely laid out. Many Chicago people reside here.
Upwood. Situated on the Chicago, St. Louis & Pittsburgh railroad, 15
miles from the City Hall.
Warrenton. Situated on the Chicago, Milwaukee & St. Paul railway,
37 miles from the City Hall.
Washington Heights. Situated on the Chicago, St. Louis & Pittsburg
railroad ("The Panhandle"), 16 miles from the City Hall. Washington
Heights has been recently annexed to Chicago. This suburb is situated just
north and a little east of Morgan Park, so close that the skirts of the two
villages meet. Though its history as an incorporated town dates back but a
few years, the settlement is one of the oldest in Cook county. The adrni
rable shipping facilities have begun to attract manufacturing interests to
Washington Heights. About one year ago the Chicago Bridge and Iron Com-
pany, a consolidation of the Kansas City and Rochester (Minn.) companies,
located there. The town is not lacking in churches and social features. The
social element is dominated by the Tracy club, which has an elegant build-
ing. The finest residence in the town is that of R. C. Givens.Esq., on Tracy
aveuue. It is built after the order of an old feudal castle. There are many
other elegant residences in the town, however. A visit to Washington
Heights will repay the stranger.
Waukegan. Situated on the Milwaukee division of the Chicago & North-
Wcstern railway, 35% miles from the City Hall. This is a large town. Many
professional and business people of Chicago reside here. There are some
beautiful grounds and private residences in Waukegan and vicinity.
Waukcsha. Situated on the Galena division of the Chicago & North-
Westeru railway, 104% miles from the City Hall. One of the most celebrated
474 GUIDE TO CHICAGO.
pleasure and health resorts in the United States. Can also be reached by Wis-
consin Central and Chicago, Milwaukee & St. Paul railroads. Population,
1890, 7,475.
Wayne. Situated on the Galena division of the Chicago & North- Western
railway, 35 miles from the City Hall.
Wentworth. Situated on the Chicago, Santa Fe & California railway,
miles from the City Hall.
West Ridge. A surburban village near Evanston recently organized. It
has come into prominence by reason of the attempt made there to open places
for the sale of liquor, it being within the prescribed four mile limit of the
Northwestern University.
West Roseland. Situated on the Chicago & Eastern Illinois railroad, about
12 miles from the City Hall.
Western Springs. Situated on the Chicago, Burlington & Quincy rail-
road, 17 miles from the City Hall.
Wheaton. Situated on the Galena division of the Chicago & North- West-
ern railroad, about 25 miles from the City Hall. A thriving town.
Wheeling. Situated on the Chicago & Northern Pacific railroad, 29}
miles from the City Hall.
Whiting, Indiana. This is one of the most important manufacturing
suburbs in the vicinity of Chicago. Situated almost directly adjoining South
Chicago, on the line of the Baltimore & Ohio, Lake Shore & Michigan
Southern and the Pennsylvania Railway systems, and served by the Calumet
Terminal Road. These unusual facilities lor bringing in raw material and
shipping out the manufactured products with cheap fuel, would build up
alone a great manufacturing town. Lying on the Lake shore wiih a natural
harbor, only thebuilding of piersis needed to unload the traffic of the laki s on her
docks, and add cheap water freights to her unsurpassed railroad connections.
Situated almost directly adjoining South Chicago, it will for all practical pur-
poses soon be a parl of this great city and participating in its advantages.
Already Whiting is the chief supply point of fuel oil, the Standard Oil Co.
having erected here their most extensive works, and tha largest refinery in the
world. The stills of this mammonth concern will have, when completed
next March, a daily capacity of 25,000 barrels of oil. Before that time the
officials of the Standard Oil Co. state they will employ fully two thousand
more men. As the trains now carry every day over a thousand men to and
.from South Chicago, where they are compelled to find lodgings and homes,
it can be seen what an impetus will be given to the growth of Whiting in at
once providing homes for this army of toilers. Already a system of water
works has been put in and plans laid for building a large city.
Those who have carefully watched the progress of the times are fully aware
that fuel oil is rapidly superceding coal as well as natural gas. The smoke
nuisance is the greatest objection to coal, while the uncertainty of natural gas
wells have sadly depreciated its value as a desirable and reliable fuel. With
the use of oil as a fuel, one of the greatest and most far reaching reforms of
the times was inaugurated a few years ago. Investigation and experiments
soon showed that oil was cheaper, cleaner, more reliable than coal, besides
producing better results.
THE ENCYCLOPEDIA. 475
Fuel oil is a partially refined petroleum divested of all explosive qualities
and retaining the heavier properties which render it desirable for fuel only,
or. in other words, a distillate made from crude petroleum especially for burn-
ing purposes.
The hydro carbon burner, used by most manufacturers, takes a lower
grade of oil, or crude petroleum itself. Only scientists or mechanical engineers
have a correct conception of the amount of heat evolved by oil when in a
state of combustion. Anthracite coal compares with fuel oil as follows : The
combustion of one pound of coal will raise the temperature of 60 pounds of
water from 32 to 212 degrees, while the combustion of one pound of fuel oil
will make the same change in temperature of 90 pounds of water, thus favor-
ing oil in the proportion of 50 per cent, over coal.
The gas vapor produced is in appearance like natural gas when burning
and will produce units of heat sufficient to melt cast iron or steel. The oil,
when in a state of combustion, produces little smoke and no ashes, yet the
heat is as decisive and genuine as the heat from anthracite coal in a blast fur-
nace. Before fuel oil could come more generally into use many obstacles had
to be overcome. Furnace grates had to be modified, and a number of patent
devices were introduced to secure thorough consumption and uniform heat.
All the difficulties were speedily surmounted, however, and it costs very
little now to change a coal furnace into an oil consumer, and the economic
results are invariably surprising. Advantages of fuel oil over coal and even
natural gas are many and great. The heat can be made as steady as gravity.
There is no loss of heat by opening the doors and covering over the fire with
fresh fuel, or admitting a cold blast of air to reduce the heat. The fire may
be extinguished immediately, and there will be no bed of coals to smoulder
or waste away. There is no loss of heat, as with coal, in passing up the
chimney in the shape of smoke and gases. The output, from the steadiness
of the heat, is greatly improved in quality as well as in quantity in many
manufacturing establishments, such as salt, iron and steel works, gas works,
paper mills, brick yards, etc. On the score of economy oil is immensely
superior to coal. From 2^ to 3 barrels are equivalent to a ton of the coal
generally used for steam purposes. The average price of steam coal is $2;
the city of Chicago pays $2.83 for Pitt sburg. Oil delivered in Chicago is
worth 53 cents per barrel. Three barrels, which ordinarily gives the result
of a ton of coal, costs $1 .59, or a saving of $1 .24. The question of thesupply
of fuel oil is one in which every consumer is interested . On Sept. 30th the
visible supply of oil in stock was as follows. Gross stocks held by the Stand-
ard Oil Company:
BARRELS.
Penpsy 1 vania, New York, Eastern Ohio and Virginia oil 1 2,347.3 ) 6 89
Western or Lima oil 24,124,39154
Gross stocks held by other companies:
Pennsylvania, New York, Eastern Ohio and Virginia oil 1,518,428 96
Western Ohio or Lima oil 1,000,000 CO
Total 38,999,13729
The production of oil during September was:
BARRELS
PER DAY.
Pennsylvania, New Fork, Eastern Ohio and Virginia oil M),000 00
Western Ohio and Lima oil 4H,%7 69
Total 128,967 79
These figures are collated from the reports of the Standard Oil Company,
476 GUIDE TO CHICAGO.
and from .the various monthly reports of the different oil companies and
transportation pipe lines.
The Lima (Ohio) oil region contains thousands of acres of oil-producing
territory already denned and as yet undeveloped, or only developed so as to
protect boundaries and leases. In addition to the vast undeveloped oil fields
of Pennsylvania, Virginia, and Ohio, it is well known from experimental tests
made by oil producers, as well as from the published opinions of eminent geolo-
gists, lhatlndiana, Kentucky, Tennessee, Kansas, Colorado, Wyoming, Dakota,
New Mexico, California, and Indian Territory all contain oil producing dis-
tricts of extensive area, not yet defined or developed and only awaiting a
market to stimulate their development. Then there are the extensive oil fields
of Russia, India, South America, and Australia. Taking into consideration
the enormous amount of oil yielded by a single acre of oil-producing territory
during the life of wells, the estimate that there are ten barrels of oil for every
ton of coal among the resources of the earth is not out of the way.
No better test of the advantages of oil as a fuel need be given than the
experience of the Illinois Steel Company, the largest iron works in the world.
This company owns coal mines and coal cars and are of course able to supply
themselves at cost; but for four years they have used oil exclusively for all
steam and heating purposes, their daily consumption being 5,000 barrels
a day, entirely taking the place of coal.
Many immense manufacturing concerns have located at Whiting. The
town had scarcely a population of~50 in 1890. In 1892 it has over 5,000. The
Messrs. Davidson, of Whiting, leading real estate dealers of the town, also
publish the Whiting News, in a recent edition of which they say :
"The Standard Oil Company, which is admitted by the public in general as
the largest and best managed corporation in the world, have recognized this
' years ago. Then the question arising was, where to locate in Indiana and still
derive the benefits of Chicago's railroad distributing facilities ?
Whiting was selected as the most desirable place to locate the largest and
most substantially built refineries in the world, owning a site of 400 acres.
Whiting advantages :
1. By the time the plant is completed in its various departments, it will
be at the center of population of the United States.
2. It has three trunk lines passing through it into Chicago, and at this
point (Whiting) the three lines are joined with each other by the Chicago &
Calumet Terminal, which also connects with each of the twenty-five main
lines that go out from Chicago, thus making it possible for the company to
ship its daily output of 25,000 barrels, when run at full capacity, direct from
the yards in the refinery to any point east, west, north and south, in the
United States, Canada or Mexico.
3. Whiting is on the lake, and is midway between the proposed East
Chicago harbor, and the harbor at Sheffield proposed by the Knickerbocker
Ice Company. They are enabled to get their gravel and sand for construc-
tion direct from the beach And above all, their five-foot tunnel under the
lake gives them an unlimited supply of water at all seasons of the year.
4. Whiting is only two miles from the limits of Chicago, being the near-
est railroad center in Indiana. It is seventeen miles from the center of the
city, and in easy reach by the suburban trains. There are over fifteen passen-
er trains every day carrying passengers to and from the city to Whiting
aily.
[Engraved for The Standard Guide Company.]
SCANDIA HALL, W. OHIO ST., NEAR MILWAUKEE AVE.
[See "Scandia Hall."]
THE ENCYCLOPEDIA. 477
Wild Wood (One Hundred and Twenty -eighth street). Situated on the
Illinois Central railroad, 16^ miles from the City Hall.
Willow Springs. Situated on the Chicago, Santa Fe & California and
Chicago, Alton & St. Louis railroads, 17% miles from the City Hall.
Wilmette. Situated on the Milwaukee division of the Chicago & North-
Western railway, fourteen miles from the City Hall, on the north shore of
Lake Michigan. The townwascalled afteroneof the earliest French settlers,
a man named Ouilmette, and the manner in which the name is spelled now is
entirely in deference to its English pronunciation. Af terhaving a sort of Rip
Van Winkle existence for years it has suddenly become a popular suburban
home. The building of the Milwaukee & St. Paul road gave the town a
little start. The Sheridan road again called attention to the beauties of the
location. In passing through Wilmette one gains the idea that he is in the
midst of a trackless forest. All that can be seen is a house or two and an
opening through the forest where the railroad tracks are laid. It is only by a
visit, then, that one can see and appreciate its great natural beauty. Its ele-
vation is from thirty to fifty feet above the lake. The whole tract is densely
covered with a forest of lofty elms which forms one of the chief charms of
the place. It has more lake frontage than any town south of it and the beach,
instead of being sandy and sloping, is hard soil and rises abruptly to the height
of several feet.
Winfield. Situated on the Galena division of the Chicago & North- West-
ern railway, twenty-seven miles from the City Hall.
Winnetka. Situated on the Milwaukee division of the Chicago& North-
Western railway, eighteen miles northeast of the City Hall, on the
north shore of Lake Michigan. The first plat of the town was made
in 1854 by Charles E. Peck and Walter Gurnee. Chicago had not
grown enough at that time to make the new town of any value aa a
suburban residence place. Quite a number of people, however, were attracted
by the natural beauties of the place and settled there. In the Indian language the
uume Winnetka means "Beautiful Place." The place had not grown as rapidly
as many of its neighbors up to 1888, but since then there has been great activity
in property, and several handsome improvements have been made. Like Lake
Forest, the site is a bluff commanding a view of the lake along the entire
extent of the town. The almost unbroken forest of elm, oak, maple, hickory
and other variety of trees is still there. So much in fact remains that it is
uniformly impossible to see the houses till one comes abruptly upon them as
they stand concealed beneath a leafy canopy. At some points the bluff rises
perpendicularly to a height of ninety feet above the lake. Just back of its
bald top extends the Sheridan road.
Woodlawn. Situated on the Illinois Central railroad, eight and one-half
miles from the City Hall. Woodlawn is bounded on the north by Midway
plaisance, separated by Sixteenth st. ; on the east by Jackson Park, separated
by Stony Island ave. ; on the south by Oakwood Cemetery, separated by sixty-
seventh st., and on the west by Washington Driving Park, separated by Cot-
tage Grove ave. The location of Woodlawn, nestled as it is among
the grandest parks of the city and yet onlythirty minutes' ride from Randolph
St., without a saloon within a mile, with a perfect drainage system, excellent
schools, and charming residences, makes an ideal town.
Worth. Situated on the Wabash, St. Louis & Pacific railway, seventeen
miles from the City Hall.
478 GUIDE tO CfllCAGO.
RAILROADS AND WHERE THEY LEAD TO.
Chicago is practically the terminal point of all the great trunk lines of
railway, North, South, East and West, in the United States, the Dominion
of Canada and the Republic of Mexico. Nearly all the railway systems of
the continent have, either directly or by proprietary connections, sought
and obtained an entrance to this city and a share in the immense traffic which
centers here. Over ninety thousand miles of railway center in Chicago at
the present time. Chicago is conceded to be the greatest railway depot in the
universe; more passengers arrive and depart; more merchandise is received
and shipped here daily than in any other city on the globe. Illinois, of which
Chicago is the metropolis, has the greatest railway mileage of any State in
the Union 14,017 miles. Below are the great railway lines which radiate
from this center:
Atchixon, TopeTca & Santa Fe Railroad. The main stem and parent rail-
road of the Santa Fe system. As is the case in other instances, the visitor
will seldom hear this great railroad, or the system of which it forms a part,
spoken of by its proper title. It is too long for the average American.
Hence it is familiarly, popularly and briefly known as the Santa Fe. In stock
parlance, however, it is known and quoted in tables, Wall street reports,
etc. as " The Atchison." The Santa Fe system, as it exists at present, is
one of the grandest railroad combinations on the continent. Total miles of
railroad owned and controlled by the company, 6,443.24. To the above must
be added railroads controlled jointly with other railroad companies, making
the aggregate 7,703.74 miles.
DEPOT. All trains over the Atchison, Topeka & Santa Fe system arrive
at and depart from the magnificent depot known as Dearborn Station, foot of
Dearborn street, corner of Polk street and Third avenue. Here every
arrangement is made for the comfort and convenience of the company's pa-
trons. There are large and elegant waiting rooms for ladies and gentlemen;
attendants are always on hand to render assistance to women and children;
depot agents give all required information and see that no mistakes are made
by strangers in boarding trains, etc.
GENERAL OFFICES. During 1889-90 the office of the president, which
had been in Boston, was located at Chicago, on the line, and the president
was relieved of the administration of the financial and accounting branches
of the service, which were placed distinctively in charge of the vice-president,
in Boston, under immediate direction of the chairman and board, thus per-
mitting the attention of the president to the operations and general physical
benefit of the properties. The general offices of the system in Chicago are
located in the Kearsarge building, Dearborn and Jackson sts. Here are
located, besides the president and his assistant, the Passenger Traffic Manager,
Mr. \V. F. White; the Assistant ^Passenger Traffic Manager, Mr. John J.
Byrne; the General Freight Traffic Manager, Mr. J. A. Hanley, and his
assistant, the purchasing agent and minor officers. The general operating
forces of the system are located at Topeka, Kans.
THE ENCYCLOPEDIA. 479
PASSENGER DEPARTMENT. As the visitor will probably have to do with
the passenger department exclusively, it is suggested that with reference to
arrangements for special cars, special trains, the accommodation of large
parties, or the mapping out of special routes or tours, he will call upon or
communicate with Mr. W. F. White, Passenger Traffic Manager, or Mr. John
J. Byrne, Assistant Passenger Traffic Manager, Kearsarge building, Chicago.
POINTS REACHED. The Atchison, Topeka & Santa Fe railroad system
extends to all important points and places of interest to the visitor, American
or foreign, in the following States and Territories: Illinois, Iowa, Missouri,
Arkansas, Kansas, Nebraska, Oklahoma, Indian Territory, Texas, Colorado,
New Mexico, Arizona.-California, as well as points in the Republic of Mexico.
Take this line at Chicago for Galesburg, Pekin, Peoria, in Illinois; for Fort
Madison, in Iowa; for St. Louis, St. Joseph, Kansas City, -Springfield, in
Missouri, for Atchison, Topeka, Leavenworth, Wichita, Newton, Dodge
, City, Manhattan, Arkansas City, Florence, Pittsburg, Coft'eyville, in Kansas;
for Guthrie, in Indian Territory; for Purcell, in Oklahoma; for Gainesville,
Fort Worth, Dallas, Paris, SanAngelo, Temple, Houston, Galveston, El Paso,
in Texas; for City of Mexico (by connection), Guaymas, Hermosillo, in the
Republic of Mexico; for Pueblo, Denver, Colorado Springs, Trinidad, in Col-
orado; for Las Vegas, Santa Fe, Albuquerque, Silver City, in New Mexico;
for Prescott, Grand Canon of the Colorado river, Benson, in Arizona; for
San Diego, National City, Coronado Beach, San Bernardino, Los Angeles,
Riverside, Colton, Passadena and San Francisco (by connection). There is
probably more variety of scenery, as wellasmore grandeur, to be witnessed in
a tour over this system, than on any the visitor can take. The wonderful
mountain and valley scenery of Arizona and New Mexico is not surpassed
anywhere on earth. The magnificent cactus fields, where every one of the
thousands of varieties of that strange plant, from a few inches to twenty or
thirty feet in height, may be seen from the car windows; the wild and rugged
mountain gorges and canons, the beautiful orange groves and vineyards of
southern California, the quaint half Mexican, half Spanish villages and towns
the varieties of climate, from the cold winds of the mountain ranges to the
salubrious zephyrs of the valleys, all combine to make a journey over the
Santa Fe a delightful one for the pleasure-seeker, an essential one for the
health-seeker, and a necessary one for the tourist who is desirous of witness-
ing the marvelous development of the great Southwest.
PRINCIPAL OFFICERS. The principal officers of the Atchison, Topeka &
Santa Fe Railroad Company are: George C. Magoun, Chairman of the
Board, Boston, Mass.; Allen Manvel, President, Chicago, 111.; Joseph W.
Reinhart, Vice-president, Boston, Mass.; A. A. Robinson, Second Vice-presi-
dent, Top^ka, Kan.; J. D. Springer, the Third Vice- President, Chicago, 111.,
Edward Wilder, Secretary, Topeka, Kan.; John P. Whitehead, Comptroller,
Boston, Mass.; Edward Wilder, Treasurer, Topeka, Kan.
PRINCIPAL. OFFICERS IN CHICAGO. The principal officers of theAtchi
son, Topeka & Santa Fe railroad system in Chicago are: Allen Manvel,
President; J. D. Springer, Assistant to the President; W. F. White, Passen-
ger Traffic Manager; John J. Byrne, Assistant General Passenger and Ticket
Agent; J. A. Hanley, Freight Traffic Manager; W. B. Biddle, Assistant
Freight Traffic Manager; G. T. Nicholson, the General Passenger and Ticket
Agent, is located at Topeka, Kan.
480 GUIDE TO CHICAGO.
TICKET OFFICE. The central ticket office of the Atchison, Topeka &
Santa Fe railroad system is located at 212 Clark St., near the general Post
Office. Here the visitor may purchase tickets to any point covered by the
system or its connecting lines, secure sleeping-car berths, and obtain all
necessary information regarding the arrival and departure of trains, rates
of fare, etc. Here, also, printed matter containing general information
regarding the lines covered by the system, time tables, guides, etc., may be
had free on application. ,
Baltimore & Ohio Railroad The oldest of the great trunk lines of the
United States. The Baltimore & Ohio Railroad Company was chartered in
Maryland, February 28, 1827, and in Virginia, March 8, 1827. In 1852 the total
number of miles operated by the company was 379. This great railroad has
grown with the nation, has assisted very materially in its development, and
has for years been recognized as one of the most important highways across
the most populous section of the republic. During the War of the Rebellion
it was a factor of prime consequence, and was guarded with jealousy and
unremitting care by the Federal Government. In the days of peace, how-
ever, its triumphs have been greatest, for it has contributed largely toward
the upbuilding of the magnificent territory which it penetrates, as well as to
the property of the millions who have settled along its lines.
BUSINESS OP THE COMPANY. The Baltimore & Ohio Railroad Company
does an annual business exceeding $24,000,000. Its annual operating
expenses are over $17,000,000. It carries annually over 14,000,000 tons of
freight, and over 10,000,000 passengers.
DEPOT. The trains of the Baltimore & Ohio Railroad Company run into
the Grand Central passenger station, situated at the corner of Harrison street
and Fifth avenue.
EQUIPMENT. The Baltimore & Ohio railroad is equipped in a most com-
plete and magnificent manner, its trains being among the most elegant arriv-
ing at and departing from Chicago. It has over 27,000 cars in its freight serv-
ice, over 700 in its passenger service, and 848 locomotives.
LINES OPERATP:D. The Baltimore & Ohio Railroad Company operates at
present, exclusive of the Pittsburg & Western railroad, control of which has
been recently acquired, 1,305.2 miles east, and 645.7 miles west of the Ohio
river, a total of 1,950.9 miles. Entrance to Chicago is made over a line
from Chicago Junction, a distance of 271 miles.
PASSENGER DEPARTMENT. As the visitor will have to do with the pas-
senger department of the Baltimore & Ohio railroad oxclugively.it is sug-
gested that with reference to the engagement of special trains, special cars,
the accommodation of large parties, or the mapping out of special tours, he
call upon or communicate with Mr. Charles O. Scull, General Passenger
Agent, Baltimore, Md., or with L. S. Allen, Assistant General Passenger
Agent, Rookery Building, Chicago.
POINTS REACHED. The visitor will take the Baltimore & Ohio railroad
for all points in northern Indiana, northern, central and southeastern Ohio,
West Virginia, southern Pennsylvania. Maryland, Delaware, New Jersey
and New York. Take this line for Defiance, Saudusky, Columbus, Cleve-
land, Wheeling, Youugstown, Pittsburg, Johnstown, Cumberland, Washing-
ton, Annapolis, Baltimore, Wilmington, Philadelphia, Newark and New
York City. Take this line for the magnificent summer resorts of Pennsyl-
vania, West Virginia and Maryland ; for the AUeghany Mountain resorts ;
THE ENCYCLOPEDIA. 481
for Deer Park, Mountain Lake Park and Oakland, the most healthful, beau-
tiful and fashionable summering places in the United States ; for Berkely
Springs, for Hagerstown and for the historic battle-grounds of Pennsylvania
and Virginia. The Baltimore & Ohio railroad is the scenic line of the
country. Its main stem and branches penetrate the loveliest districts of the
Southeast, wheYe the traveler is constantly passing from the glories of the
mountain into the delights of valley scenery of unsurpassable splendor. In-
formation concerning the beautiful summer resorts on this system will be
furnished the visitor free on application at the city ticket office.
PRINCIPAL OFFICERS, The principal officers of the Baltimore & Ohio
Railroad Company are: Charles F. Mayer, president; Orland Smith, first
vice-president; Thomas M. King, second vice-president; C. K. Lord, third
vice-president; J T. Odoll, general manager; Charles O. Scull, general
passenger agent ; all of whom are located in the general offices of the com-
pany at Baltimore. The principal officers in Chicago aie: R.B.Campbell,
general superintendent of lines west of the Ohio river,ad L. S. Allen, assist-
ant general passenger agent, and A. P. Bigelow, general Western traffic agent,
No. 212 La Halle street.
TICKET OFFICE. The city ticket office of the Baltimore & Ohio Railroad
Company is located at 193 Clark street. Here tickets may be purchased to
any point covered by the system, or on connecting lines, sleeping-car berths
secured, and information obtained regarding the arrival and departure of
trains, etc. Here, also, printed matter containing information regarding
points of interest and importance along the lines of the road, time tables, etc.,
may be obtained free on application .
TRAIN SERVICE. Train No. 6 leaving Chicago at 2:55 daily is a solid ves-
tibuled train of first-class coaches and Pullman buffet sleeping cars from
Chicago to Washington and Baltimore, and has Pullman sleeper Chicago to
Pittsburg, and day coaches and Pullman buffet parlor car from Washington
to New York. Train No. 8 leaving Chicago at 10:10 in the morning, daily,
is a solid vestibuled train, Chicago to Baltimore, and has Pullman sleeping
car, Chicago to New York, and Pullman buffet parlor car, Washington to
New York. Train No. 14 leaving Chicago daily at 6:40 p. M., has day
coaches and Pullman sleeper, Chicago to Pittsburg, via Akron acd P. & W.
R. II., and Pullm-m sleeper, Cliicago to Cleveland, via Akron and the Valk-y
Ry. This train has also day coach and Pullman sleeper, Chicago to Wheel-
ing, daily except Saturday. Train No. 4 leaving Chicago daily at 10:25 P.
M. ; has day coaches, Chicago to New York, Pullman sleeping car from Chi-
cago to Chicago Junction. This train also makes close connections at
Chicago Junction with train of first-class coaches for Cleveland and Pitts-
burg.
Cliicago Central Railroad. This road is now in process of construction
from a connection with the Chicago & Northern Pacific railroad, at Ogden
avenue, south to Harvey, Illinois. The line runs parallel to Western avenue
and about 600 feet west of it. The road curves in a northeasterly direction
from Seventy-ninth street to its intersection with the Belt Line just west of
the Panhandle road, where it turns and runs directly north aud parallel to
the Panhandle until it reaches the Santa Fe and Grand Trunk railroads at
Forty-ninth street. At that point it crosses the Panhandle and runs east of
that road parallel to it. At Thirty-ninth street or Brighton the road crosses
the Panhandle again and makes connection with the Northern Pacific system
482 GUIDE TO CHICAGO.
and finds its terminus in the Grand Central Passenger Station on Fifth
avenue and Harrison street.
This road will run through one of the most impoitant resident districts
of Chicago and will make accessible one of the finest tracts of land in
Chicago, running as it does from Seventy -ninth south to Blue Island through
what is known as the Bluel sland Ridge. It is the intention to operate over
this line a most complete suburban service which will, undoubtedly, be
under control of the Chicago & Northern Pacific railroad. The road is
rapidly approaching completion and trains will probably be running between
the Grand Central Passenger Station and Harvey early in the spring.
Chicago, Burlington & Quincy Railroad. One of the -greatest railway
systems in the world . Its operations extend over the most fertile territory on
the North American continent, and its numerous arms stretching out in all
directions and forming a perfect net-work of steel, connect and provide com-
munication between the thriving villages, prosperous towns and populous
cities of eight States of the American Union. The total trackage of the
Chicago, Burlington & Quincy acd controlled linesis, in round numbers, 7,000
miles. The earnings of the company during the year 1890 amounted to
$35,130,58.5; expenses, $31,795,188, leaving net earnings of $3,335,397.
GENERAL OFFICES The general offices of the Chicago, Burlington &
Quincy railroad are located in the Chicago, Burlington & Quincy general
office building, Adams and Franklin streets, Chicago.
LINES OPERATED. The Chicago, Burlington & Quincy railroad system
embraces the following lines: Chicago, Burlington & Quincy R. R.; Burling-
ton & Missouri River R. R. in Nebraska; Hannibal & St. Joseph R. R. ;
Kansas City, St. Joseph & Council Bluffs R. R. ; Chicago, Burlington Galesburg;
for Mendota, Rockford, Galena; for Monmouth, Golden and Quincy, and all
points of interest in western Illinois; for Dubuque, Iowa; for Prairie Du
Chien, La Crosse, and all points in western Wisconsin; for Winoca.St. Paul,
Minneapolis, and all points in southern Minnesota; for Cedar Rapids and all
points in northeastern Iowa; for Burlington, DesMoines, Cumberland, and for
all points in central Iowa; for Creston, Iowa; for Hannibal, St. Joseph, Kansas
City and all points in northern Missouri; for all points in Kansas and south-
ern Nebraska, including Omaha, Lincoln, Atchison and Leavenworth; for
Denver, Colorado; for Cheyenne, Wyoming, and for Deadwood and the Black
Hills country. Passengers over the "Burlington Route " are conveyed to all
points in the Rocky mountains and the Pacific slope; from San Diego to San
Francisco, and from San Francisco to the Puget Sound country.
THE ENCYCLOPEDIA. 483
PRINCIPAL OFFICERS. The principal officers of the Chicago, Burling-
ton & Quincy railroad are: C. E. Perkins, president, Burlington, Iowa; J. C.
Peasley, first vice-president, Chicago: L. O. Goddard, assistant to first vice-
president, Chicago; George B. Harris, second vice-president, Chicago; T. S.
Rowland, secretary, Boston; J. W. Blythe, eeneral solicitor, Chicago; W.
F. Merrill, general manager, Chicago; J D. Besler, general superintendent,
Chicago; P. S. Eustis, general passenger and ticket agent, Chicago; Luc'us
Wakely, assistant general passenger and ticket agent, Chicago; Thomas Mil-
ler, general freight agent, Chicago.
TICKET OFFICE. The city ticket office of the Chicago, Burlina r ton r &
Quincy railroad is located at 211 Clark street, near the general Post Office.
Here the visitor may purchase tickets to any point covered by the system, or
on any connecting line, secure sleeping-car berths and obtain all necessary
information regarding the arrival and departure of trains, rates of fare, etc
Here, also, printed matter relating to points on the system, time tables, etc.,
may be had free on application.
TRAIN SERVICE. The train service of the Chicago, Burlington & Quiucy
railroad from Ciiicago is complete. The equipment of all trains is perfect.
The time made is fast, but the tracks and road-beds of the system are main-
tained in such perfect condition, that the very fastest traveling causes no
discomfort to the traveler. The scenery along most of the lines is bright
and pleasant. The lines traverse the finest country in America, and touch
nearly all the prettiest villages and most prosperous towns of the great corn
belt. Following is the train service, which, however, is subject to change:
Train No. 11, for Burlington, Council Bluffs and intermediate local
points, leave Chicago 11:45 A. M., daily; coaches, between Chicago and Bur-
lington.
" The Burlington's No. 1," solid vestibule train for Denver, leaves Chicago
at 1 P. M., daily; Pullman sleepers, Chicago to Denver; reclining-chair car
(seats free), Chicago to Denver; coaches, Chicago to Denver; dining car, Chi-
cago to Mt. Pleasant; Lincoln to Robb.
Train No. 5, for Council Bluffs, Omaha, Denver, Newcastle, Deadwood,
the Black Rills and Nebraska points, leave Chicago at 5:45 p. M., daily;
Pullman sleepers, Chicago to Omaha and Denver; reclining-chair cars (seats
free), Chicago to Council Bluffs, Omaha and Denver, dining car, Chicago to
Mendota, Creston to Omaha; connects at Lincoln with train No. 41, having
Pullman sleeper, Lincoln to Deadwood, S. Dak.
Train No. 3, for McCook, Omaha and Council Bluffs, leaves Chicago
10:30 p. M., daily; Pullman sleepers, Chicago to Omaha and McCook; reclin-
ing-chair car (seats free), Chicago to Omaha and McCook; coaches, Chicago
to Council Bluffs.
Train No. 15, the "Eli" fast-vestibuled train, for Kansas City, St.
Joseph and Atchison, leaves Chicago 6:05 p. M., daily; Pullman sleepers,
Chicago to Kansas City, Chicago to St. Joseph and Atchison; reclining-chair
cars (seats free), Chicago to Kansas City, St. Joseph and Atchison; coaches,
Chicago to Kansas City; dining car, Chicago to Mendota, and Cameron
Junction to Kansas City.
484 GUIDE TO CHICAGO.
Train No. 15, for Quincy, Hannibal, Denison, Houston and Galveston
via M. K. & T. R. R.). No. 15 leaves Chicago 6:05 p. M., daily. Pullman
sleepers between Chicago and Dallas, Sedalia and Taylor; reclining-chair car
(seats free) between Chicago and Quincy, Hannibal and Sedalia. Dining car
between Chicago and Mendota.
Train No. 3, for Kansas City, St. Joseph and Atchison, leaves Chicago
10:30 P. M., daily; Pullman sleepers, Chicago to Quincy; reclining-chair car
(seats free), Chicago to Kansas City.
Train No. 47. solid vestibule train for St. Paul and Minneapolis, via
La Crosse, leaves Chicago 6:10 p. M., daily; Pullman sleepers, Chicago to Si.
Paul and Minneapolis; coaches, Chicago to St. Paul and Minneapolis; diniiig
car, .serving supper fiom Chicago.
Train No. 49, for St. Paul and Minneapolis, via La Crosse, leaves Chicago
10:50 P. M., daily, except Saturday; Pullman buffet sleepers and reclining-
chair cars (seats free), Chicago to St. Paul and Minneapolis; coaches, Chicago
to St. Paul and Minneapolis.
Train No. 9, for Rochelle, Rockford, Mendota and Streator, leaves
Chicago 4:30 p. M., daily, except Sunday; reclining-chair car (seats free)
between Chicago and Rockford; coaches between Chicago and Mendota,
Chicago and Streator.
Train No. 13, Galesburg, Streator, Rochelle, Rockford and Forreston.
So. 13 leaves Chicago 8:50 A. M., daily, except Saturday ; coaches between
Chicago and Galesburg, Chicago and Streator, Chicago and Rochelle and
Forreston.
Train No. 3, for Keokuk, leaves Chicago 10.30 P. M., daily, except Satur-
day. Pulhn in sleeper between Chicago and Keokuk.
Chicago, Milwaukee & St. Paul Itailway. The Chicago, Milwaukee &
St. Paul Railway Company, as it exists to-day, was organized in 1864. The
system of railways winch it operates is one of the greatest in the world.
Familiarly the line is known as " the St. Paul Road," and as such the visitor
will be apt to hear of it frequently during his stay in Chicago and in the West.
The miles of track embraced in the system number 6,901.19, as follows:
Main track, owned solely by the company, 5,721.40; main track, owned
jointly with other companies, 9.17; total length of main track, 5,656.83;
second and third tracks and connection tracks owned solely by the company,
73. 67; second and third tracks and connection tracks, owned jointly with
other companies, 2.82; total length of second and third tracks and con-
nections, 76.49; tracks owned. by other companies, but used by this company
under agreements, 4481; yard tracks, sidings and spur tracks owned solely
by this company, 1,103.9'3; yard tracks, sidings and spur tracks owned jointly
with other companies, 19. 14; total length of yard tracks, sidings and spur
tracks, 1,123.06; total miles of track 6,901.19. The lines of road belonging to
this company are located as follows: In Illinois, 318.08 miles; in Wisconsin,
1,374.66 miles; in Iowa. 1,553.27 miles; in Minnesota, 1,120.09 miles; in North
Dakota, 118.21 miles; in South Dakota, 1,096.82 miles; in Missouri, 140.27
miles. Total lergth of main track, 5,721.40 miles.
BUSINESS OF THE COMPANY. During the year ending June 30, 1891, the
gross earnings of the Chicago, Milwaukee tfc St. Paul Railway Company
amounted to $27.504,224.49, an increase of $1,(98,516.14 over the previous
year. The operating expenses were $18,366,500.07, an increase ot $624,712.38
over the previous year. The net earnings were $9,137,724.42. The tons of
freight carried were 10,397,235, an increase of 1,104,043 over the previous
year. The number of passengers was 7,919,229.
15
s fl>
22
X 3
o-g
v) .3
THE ENCYCLOPEDIA. 485
CENTRAL TICKET OFFICE. The central ticket office of the Chicago, Mil-
waukee & St. Paul railway is located at 207 and 209 Clark street, near the
general Post Office. Here the visitor may purchase tickets to any point
covered by this railway and its connections, secure sleeping-car berths and
obtain all necessary information concerning the arrival and departure of
trains, rates of fare, etc. Here, also, printed matter, containing general infor-
mation regarding the line, time tables, etc., may be had free on application.
CONDITION OF TRACKS. The tracks of the Chicago, Milwaukee & St.
Paul railway are maintained at a high standard of excellence. Of the total
mileage, 4.074 77 miles are laid with heavy steel rails, and 1,582.06 with iron.
The road-bed is one of the best in the West. Trains on this line make fast
time with perfect safely. The road has not had a serious accident on its lines
for several years.
DEPOT. All trains of fhe Chicago, Milwaukee & St. Paul railway arrive
at and depart from the magnificent Union depot, Canal and Adams streets,
West Side, near the business center. Take Madison or Adams street car.
Here every arrangement is made for the convenience and comfort of patrons.
Large and elegantly furnished waiting rooms are provided for ladies and
gentlemen. Attendants are always on hand to render any assistance necessary
to women and children. Depot agents give all required informal ion, and see
that no mistakes are made by strangers in boarding trains. The depot is one
of the most complete on the continent.
EQUIPMENT, ETC. The equipment of the Chicago, Milwaukee & St. Paul
Railway Company is modern and complete. Some of the handsomest vesti-
buled trains in the United States are run over this line. Some idea of the
equipment may be formed from the following: Number of locomotives
available for s< j vice, 801; passenger cars, 352; sleeping cars, 57; parlor cars,
12; dining cars, 10; baggage, postal, mail and express cars, 248; box cars,
17,447; stock , La Salle, DC nver, Colorado Springs, Pueblo and
Trinidad, and all intermediate points in Colorado ; for Folsonj Mount Dora,
Texline and all intermediate points in New Mexico; and for Washburn,
Wichita Falls, Henrietta, Fort Worth and all intermediate points in Texas.-
Or tiie visitor will take the Union" Pficitic, via Council Bluffs, Omaba,
and Ogden, and, via Southern Pacific railroad, for Sacramento and San
Francisco, and all intermediate points. For the latter points the visitor has
the choice of going north to Portland and the Puget Sound country, or south
to Los Angeles and San Diego, Coronado Beach and National City, either
direct or by way of all the beautiful summer and sea-side resorts on the Pacific
coast, including Santa Cruz, Monterey, San Miguel, Elwood, Santa Monica,
etc. The visitor may visit Portland, Tacoma, Seattle, Port Townsend and
Victoria first, and take the Southern Pacific from the first-named city for
San Francisco and Southern California, returning by way of Sacramento,
and, via Ogden, travel over the Rio Grande railroad to Denver, and thence
east, via Kansas City. Or the visitor may take the Union Pacific
train at Kansas City direct for Denver, and make connection at Chey-
enne or Ogden with trains on the main stem for the Northwest or South-
west. Or the visitor, desirous of seeing the greatest mining city on the
globe, and the richest city of its size in the world, will be taken from Poca-
tello north to Butte and Helena, Montana, and all intermediate points ; or,
leaving the main line for Portland, at Pendleton, the visitor will be taken to
Spokane, one of the most wonderful cities of the new Northwest.
Briefly stated, the visitor has a choice of routes almost without limit over
this system of railroads.
PRINCIPAL OFFICERS. The principal officers of the Union Pacific Sys-
tem are: Sidney Dillon, president, Boston, Mass.; S. H. H. Clark, vice-presi-
dent and general manager, Omaha, Neb.; Gardner M. Lane, second vice-
president, Boston, Mass. ; E. Dickinson, assistant general manager, Omaha,
510 GUIDE TO CHICAGO.
Neb.; James Q. Harris, treasurer, Boston, Mass. ; Alexander Millar, secretary,
Boston, Mass. ; C. 8. Mellen, general traffic manager, Omaha, Neb.;J. A.
Monroe, general freight agent, Omaha, Neb.; J. H. McConnell, superintend-
ent of machinery and motive power, Omaha, Neb.; E. L. Lomax, general
passenger and ticket agent, Omaha, Neb. ; J. N. Brown, acting assistant gen-
eral passenger and ticket agent, Omaha, Neb.
SCENERY ON THE SYSTEM. The scenery along the several lines composing
the Union Pacific System is always interesting; at times it reaches the
point of indescribable grandeur and beauty. Echo Canon, Utah, on the
main stem, is incomparable. The scenery around Denver and Colorado
Springs is superb. Nothing can be more, picturesque than the scenery along
the Columbia river. The tourist is more likely to be surfeited with magnifi-
cent scenery throughout his entire journey than he is to feel the want of it.
Mountain and valley, gorge and canon, highland and plain, all have their
own attractions for the traveler, and the sensations created in the breast of the
lover of nature, as he gazes from a valley rich in summer verdure upon
mountain peaks capped with perpetual snow, or from the mountain top,
rugged and barren, where the winter blasts send a chill through his frame, on
the delightful valleys which lie thousands of feet beneath him, can hardly
be expressed in words.
TICKET OFFICE. The central ticket office of the Union Pacific railroad
in Chicago is located at 191 Clark st., near the general Postoffice. Here the
visitor may purchase tickets to any point covered by the system or by its con-
nections, secure sleeping car berths, etc., and obtain all necessary informa-
tion regarding the arrival and departure of trains, rates of fare, etc. Here,
also, printed matter containing general and useful information to the tourist
and traveler, time tables, etc., may be had free on application.
TRAIN SERVICE. The through train and sleeping car service westward
from Council Bluffs (Omaha) and Katfsas City is as follows: " The Pacific
Express" leaves Council Bluffs, 6:10 P. M. ; Omaha, 6:30 P. M., daily. Day
coaches without change to Ogden; Pullman palace sleeping car, Council
Bluffs to Cheyenne, connecting with similar cars for Ogden, Salt Lake City,
San Francisco and Los Angeles; Pullman colonist sleepers without change.
Council Bluffs to San Francisco and with but one change to Portland. "The
Overland Flyer" leaves Council Bluffs, 2:00 P. M., Omaha, 2:15 p. M., daily.
Through sleepers, Chicago to Denver, Portland and San Francisco, via
Council Bluffs, connecting at Green River with similar cars for Butte;
through sleepers. Council Bluffs to Salt Lake; Pullman dining cars, Chicago
to Portland via Council Bluffs; Pullman colonist sleepers, Chicago to Port-
land, via Council Bluffs. " The Denver Express " leaves Council Bluffs,
9:40 A. M. ; Omaha, 10:00 A. M., daily. Solid train runs through from
Chicago to Denver, via Council Bluffs, consisting of smoker, day coaches,
free reclining chair cars, palace sleeping cars, and through dining car service;
day coaches to Lincoln, Beatrice and intermediate points. "The Pacific
Express" leaves Kansas City, 10:45 A. M., daily. Day coaches, free reclining
chair cars, Pullman sleepers and Pullman dining cars, Chicago to Denver,
via Kansas City; Pullman palace buffet sleeping cars, without change, St.
Louis to Denver and Salt Lake City, via Kansas City; Pullman colonist
sleepers without change to Portland, and with but one change to San Fran-
cisco. "The Western Express" leaves Kansas City, 9:20 P. M., daily. Day
coaches without change to Denver; Pullman palace sleeping car without
change to Denver and Cheyenne.
Wabash Railroad Company. The St. Louis and Chicago line of this
THE ENCYCLOPEDIA. 511
system, 286 miles in length, has grcwn in favor during recent years. It
passes through some of the prettiest and most prosperous towns of Illinois,
including Reddick, Forrest, Gibson, Mansfield, Decatur, Taylorville, Litch-
tield and Edwardsville. It crosses the river at St. Louis over the magnificent
steel bridge constructed by James B. Eads. The Wabash line is well man-
aged, handsomely equipped, and has a large patronage between Chicago and
St. Louis.
Wisconsin Central Lines. Although forming the connecting link between
the Northern Pacific railroad system and Chicago, and although operated by
the latter company as lessee, the Wisconsin Central lines, familiarly but
incorrectly regarded by the public as the Wisconsin Central railroad, must
be referred to separately. In April, 1890, a contract lease was made by and
between the Wisconsin Central Company, the Wisconsin Central Railroad
Company, and the Northern Pacific Railroad Company, whereby the latter
company obtained a lease of all the lines of railroad owned and controlled
by the Wisconsin Central lines between the cities of Chicago and St. Paul
and Ashland, including the lines of railroad, real estate and terminal facili-
ties of the Chicago & Northern Pacific Railroad Company in the City of
Chicago, thus giving to the Northern Pacific Company a complete line from
St. Paul to Chicago, with ample terminal facilities in the latter city. This
combination of interests was deemed by the directors of the Northern Pacific
of the utmost importance, as giving access to the City of Chicago by a
line of its own ownership and possession, with unsurpassed terminal facili-
ties. While the terms of the lease relieves the Wisconsin Central from
operating details, it leaves the building of branches, feeders, and all exten-
sions of, and permanent improvements upon, the Wisconsin Central lines, to
be jointly agreed upon by the lessor and lessee, and to be actually constructed
by the Wisconsin Central companies. The development of the land grant
and management of the iron properties remain in the exclusive control of the
Wisconsin Central Railroad Company. The Wisconsin Central, from its
inception, has been peculiarly identified with Wisconsin, its growth and
progress. Almost nine-tenths of the mileage of the system is within the
borders of that State, and its principal offices are located at Milwaukee.
GRAND CENTRAL DEPOT. No visitor to Chicago can escape having
pointed out to him among the greatest attractions of the city, the magnificent
Grand Central Depot, located at the corner of Fifth avenue and Harrison
street. It is one of the best specimens of the highest type of modern archi-
tecture to be found in the world. Where this grand pile rises to-day the
Bridewell or City prison stood years ago. The site was long given up to
stone and coal yards ; it was for years one of the most uninviting spots in
the city. The erection of the Grand Central Depot has made it one of
the most attractive, and gradually the old buildings, which still stand in the
vicinity, are giving place to structures which comport with the dignity and
grandeur of the great railroad station. It is more familiarly known as the
Wisconsin Central Depot than by any other name, and for that reason a
description of it naturally comes here. [See Chicago and Northern Pacific
Company; also illustration of Grand Central Depot.] The depot covers
an area of three and six-tenths acres. The frontage on Harrison street is 226
feet, and on Fifth avenue, 680 feet. The foundation of the building consists
of piling, the length of the piles being thirty feet under the lighter parts, and
fifty feet under the main piers and the tower. The total length of piling driven
was nine and one-half miles. Each pile under the tower carries a load of
512 GUIDE TO CHICAGO.
twenty-four tons. On the top of the piles are boxes of foot-square oak timbers
bedded and filled with concrete. Next follows a course of foot-square oak
timbers, four inches apart and filled in with concrete. An eighteen-inch con-
crete bed topped this, and on this bed the dimension stones are laid. The
tower is 236 feet high from the foundation, is twenty-seven feet square, and
weighs 6,000 tons. The first twenty-nine feet is built of Connecticut brown
stone. There are fifteen stories in the tower, nine of which are used for
offices, the upper four stories of these being reached by a special electrical
elevator. The Seth Thomas clock is the second largest'in the United States,
having a dial thirteen and a half feet in diameter. The hours are struck on a
5-ton bell by a hammer weighing 250 pounds. The pendulum weighs 700
pounds. This clock electrically controls all the clocks throughout the
depot. The flagstaff rises nearly sixty feet above the tower.
The main waiting room is an enormous apartment, seventy-one feet by
267, with a ceiling twenty-five feet high. The room projects twenty-seven
feet west of the office building above, the floors and walls of which are car-
ried on sixteen heavy steel columns twenty-four feet long and two and a half
feet in diameter. Two hundred and forty incandescent lamps light this noble
room. The floor is of Champlain, and the eight and a half foot wainscoting
is of Tennessee marble. At the south end of the waiting room is the ladies'
parlor, a handsomely furnished room, 32 feet by 40. An eight foot passageway
leads from thecenterof the south end to the baggage rooms, and over this
passage a double marble staircase leads up to the big dining room, 56x73
feet, on the mezzanine floor.
PASSENGER DEPARTMENT. As the visitor will probably have to do with
the passenger department exclusively, it is suggested that with reference to
arrangements for special cars, special trains, the accommodation of large
parties, or the mapping out of special tours, he call upon or communicate
with James C. Pond; General Passenger and Ticket Agent, Chicago.
POINTS REACHED. In general the visitor will take the Wisconsin Central
for all points in the West and Northwest covered by the Northern Pacific rail-
road system and its connections. Take this line for Burlington, Waukesha,
Fond du Lac.Oshkosh, Neenah, Menasha, Stevens' Point, Chippewa Falls, Eau
Claire, St. Paul, Minneapolis, Ashland, Hurley, Ironwood, Bessemer and
Duluth. The Wisconsin Central traverses some of the best hunting and
fishing grounds in the West, and the tourist will find on this route many of
the leading and most popular health and summer resorts in the country. In
connection with the Northern Pacific, the Wisconsin Central has through car
arrangements of special interest to the traveler. Train No. 1, leaving Chi-
cago at 10:45 P. M. daily, has through Pullman vestibuled drawing-room
sleeper from Chicago to Portland, via Tacoma ; Pullman vestibuled sleeper,
Chicago to St. Paul and Minneapolis; Pullman sleeper, Milwaukee to Stevens'
Point ; through Pullman tourist sleeper, Chicago to Portland, via Tacoma
and through first and second-class coaches, Chicago to St. Paul and Min-
neapolis; first and second-class coaches from Abbotsford to Ashland.
Dining car service on this train between Stevens' Point and Chippewa Falls.
Train No. 3, which leaves Chicago daily at 5 P. M. . has through Pullman
vestibuled sleeper from Chicago to St. Paul and Minneapolis; Pullman Ves-
tibuled sleeper, Chicago to Duluth, and Milwaukee to St. Paul and Minnea-
polis, first and second-class coaches, Chicago to St. Paul and Minneapolis,
and first-class coach, Milwaukee to Duluth. Dining car service on this train
between Chicago and Waukesha.
THE ENCYCLOPEDIA. 513
Train No. 5, which leaves Chicago at 3, P. M. daily, has parlor car and
first and second-class coaches between Chicago and Menasha, and first class
coach between Milwaukee and Menasha,
Train No. 7, which leaves Chicago daily except Sunday, has first and
second-class coaches between Chicago and Eau Claire, and first-class coach
between Milwaukee and Stevens' Point.
PRINCIPAL OFFICERS. The principal officers of the Wisconsin Central
lines are : Henry Villard, chairman of the board, New York ; T. F. Oakes,
president, St. Paul, Minn.; N. C. Thrall, assistant to the president, St. Paul,
Minn.; James B. Williams, vice-president, New York ; C. H. Prescott, sec-
ond vice-president, Tacoma, Wash.; David S. Wegg, general solicitor, Chi-
cago; George S. Baxter, treasurer, New York; Robert W. McQuire, local
treasurer, Milwaukee, Wis.; S. R. Ainslie, general manager, Chicago;
Gavin Campbell, general superintendent, Milwaukee; J. M. Hannaford,
general traffic manager, St. Paul ; Henry C. Barlow, traffic manager, Chi-
cago ; Jas. C. Pond, general passenger and ticket agent, Chicago ; J. B. Cava-
naugh, general freight agent, Chicago.
TICKET OFFICE. The central ticket office of the Wisconsin Central
lines is located at 205 Clark St., near the general postoffice. Here the visitor
may purchase tickets over the line to any local point, or over the system of
the Northern Pacific railroad, and to points on all connecting lines, secure
sleeping ca.r berths and obtain all necessary information regarding the arrival
and departure of trains, rates of fare, etc. Here, also, printed matter contain
ing general information with reference to the points covered, time tables,
etc. , may be had free upon application.
SOCIETIES.
There are in the neighborhood of six thousand societies In Chicago.
This number comprises associations of every description, from benevolent to
secret organizations. There are, besides the American, or societies in which
the English language is spoken, several hundred foreign societies of various
characters, objects and types. The great number of societies here makes it
impossible for a work of this kind to describe them separately and the visitor
is referred to the city directory for the list in full, places of meeting, names
of officers^etc. The most prominent of the societies are, however, referred
to here:
Art Students' League. A society compoesd of students of the Art
institute.
Back Lot Societies of Evanston. Organized for the purpose of giving the
boys and girls of Evanston an opportunity of hearing from distinguished men
and women the discussion of questions of important current topics. The
organization of the Boys' Back Lot Society was fostered principally by Mr.
Volney W. Foster, who gave up for the use of the boys a building in the rear
of his residence at Evanston, from which fact the title " Back Lot " is taken.
Mr. Foster interested many other prominent people in the movement and
now the boys' society meets" in larger and better quarters. At the suggestion
of Mr. Foster also the Women's Club of Evauston in 1892 took up the matter
of organizing a girls' club or society on the same principal. The advisory
514 GUIDE TO CHICAGO.
committee, each of whom is to be responsible for three talks, was selected for the
first year, as follows : Mrs. Henry Wade Rogers, Mrs. H. B. Cragiu, Mrs. M.
C. Bragdon, Miss Alice Blanchard, Mrs. Charles T. Bradley, Mrs. Birney J.
Moore, Mrs. T. P. Stamwood, Mrs. Frank M. Elliot, and Mis F H. Kingsley.
Bar Association. An organization of the members of the bar of the city of
Chicago, the object of which is the elevation of the profession, the sustain-
ing of a high code of ethics in practice, the preservation of the dignity and
integrity of the judiciary, and the agitation and promotion of needed reforms
in the laws aud the procedure of the courts. The officers for 1892 are: Qeo.
W. Cass, president; David B. Lytnan, first vice-president; William J. Eng-
lish, second vice-president; Howard Henderson, secretary, and E. C. Fergu-
son, treasurer. F. A. Smith, Judge Elbert H. Gary, Robert H. McMurtrie,
H. W.Jackson, Frank A. Heluier. William A. Purcell, Henry W. Wolseley,
Edgar L. J.iyne, Hugh L. Burnham, members of the lard of managers
Jatnes Frake, E, W. Adkinson, D. Harry Harnmnr, Chas. E. Pope, Robt. H.
McCurdy, Alfred D. Eddy, Nathaniel M. Jones, Henry Browne, Thos. G.
Windes, committee on admission.
Bohemian Congregation of Free Thinkers. Meets Sundays at 2 p. M., at 74
W. Taylor st. ; president and minister, F. B. Zdrubek.
British American Association. There are in Chicago the Illinois State
Council and ten branches of the British American Association of the United
States. Visiting members consult city directory for location of" branches,
etc. President, Gen. M. M. Trumbull; vice-president, Gen. D. McMullan;
secretary, A. J. Hodge ; assistant secretary, S.M.Ewert; treasurer, H. Cheatle.
Canadian American League. 22, 134 Van Buren st. President, J.
Pearson; treasurer, W. Bannerman; secretary, F. C. Shaw.
Chicago Academy of Sciences. Founded in 1857, incorporated in 1859.
One of the most flourishing of Chicago's societies previous to the great fire, in
which it lost a collection of priceless value. After the fire a new building for the
society was erected, but the society was compelled to part with it, owing to
the heavy debts which it had to bear. Of late years the society has been
adding to its collection of birds, mammals, etc., etc., which has been on
exhibition in the Exposition building. The removal of that structure will
necessitate a change of location. Officers: Dr. E. Andrews, president; B. W.
Thomas and Prof. J. H. Long, vice-presidents; Dr. J. W. Velie,*secretary;
Prof. W. K. Higley, librarian; and Prof. E.G. Howe, recorder. The trustees
are: E. E. Ayer, J. H. McVicker, C. M. Higginson, Joseph Frank, C. F.
Gunther, Dr. H. A. Johnson.
Chicago Astronomical Society. President, Elias Colbert; secretary, H. C.
Ranney ; treasurer, Murray Nelson; director, Professor G. W. Hough,
This society was organized in November, 1863. It owns the celebrated
"Dearborn University" telescope, the object lens of which was made by
Alvan Clark, and which is now in possession of the Northwestern Univer-
sity at Evanston. [See Northwestern University.] The instrument has 18%
inches clear aperture and a focal length of 23 feet.
Chicago Democracy. An organization of the Democratic party in Chicago
for campaign purposes. Officers: President, Frank Wenter; vice-presidents,
Frank Lawler, C. S. Thornton, and William J. Mangier; secretary, William
Fennimore Cooper; assistant secretary, H. L. Bailey; treasurer, Austin J.
Doyle; sergeant-at-arms, T. J. Curry,
EHcYCLOPEt>iA. 515
Chicago Historical Society. Organized April 24, 1856. At the time
of the fire it was a flourishing institution, with a large library and a
valuable collection, occupying a building 42x90 feet at the northwest corner
of Dearborn avenue and Ontario street. The entire collection, including
over 100,000 books, newspapers, manuscripts, etc., were lost in the great
fire. Several valuable paintings and the original draft of Lincoln's Emanci-
pation Proclamation also perished. The institution has partially recovered,
and now occupies a one-story brick building at 142 Dearborn avenue. The
late Albert D. Hager was for many years its secretary and librarian, and did
much toward rebuilding the institution. The present secretary is John
Moses, who receives visitors with courteous attention. The officers are : Presi-
dent, E. G. Masoa ; Vice-presidents, Geo. W. Smith, A. C. McClurg; Treas-
urer, Gilbert W. Shaw.
Chicago Law Club. Composed of leading members of the Chicago bar,
who meet for social purposes and to discuss important questions relating to
the welfare of the profession, etc.
Chicago Law Institute. Chartered by special act of the legislature,
February, 1857. The charter, as granted, was almost a countsrpart of that
held by the New York Law Institute. It was organized as a stock company,
with shares at $100 each, subject to an annual assessment of $25. The first
officers of the institute were: John M. Wilson, president; Van H. Higgins,
vice-president, and Elliott Anthony, secretary. The library, in October, 1871,
contained about 7, 000 volumes. It was located in the old Court House and
was lost in the great fire. The task of restoring it was immediately begun.
It is again located in the Court House and is one of the finest law libraries in
the United States. Among the presidents of the Law Institute have been:
Judge John M. Wilson, Judge Walter B. Scales, Judge George Manierre,
Hon. Van H. Higgins, Elliott Anthony, Judge W. K. McAllister, Hon. Wm.
H. King, Hon. James P. Root, John M. Rountree, John N. Jewett, Charles
W. Reed, George Payson, Lambert Tree, Sidney Smith, Julius Rosenthal,
Robert Hervey and George Gardner. Julius Rosenthal was for years the libra-
rian, and to him the institute is greatly indebted for the judicious care exer-
cised by him in the purchasing and procuring of books, and the members of
the institute, in order to show their appreciation of his services, at the
annual election in 1879, voted him an honorary member for life. Among
those who took a prominent part in the organization of the institute were:
Sanford B. Perry, George Manierre, James P. Root, William H. King; John
A. Thompson and Ira Scott. The membership of the institute includes
nearly all of the reputable lawyers of the city. All lawyers have access to the
library at a nominal annual membership fee. In addition to building up and
sustaining a law library, the institute takes an active part in proposing amend-
ments to the laws and reforms in their execution. Officers: John Barton
Payne, president; Robert E. Jenkins, first vice-president; Charles H. Aldrich,
second vice-president; W. H. Holden, treasurer; Julius Rosenthal, librarian;
Frederick W. Packard, secretary. Board of managers: John H. Hamliue
J. K. Edsall, W. C. Niblack, Henry B. Freeman, Robert H. McMurdy, N.
M. Jones, E. W. Adkinson, W. M. Low, M. D. Ewell. Assessment of mem-
bers, $15 for 1891.
Chicago Orchestral Union. Organized December, 1890, for the promo-
tion of music. Incorporators: C. N. Fay, N. K. Fairbank, A. C. Bartlett,
E. B. McCagg and C. D. Hamill. This is the corporation under whose
direction the Theodore Thomas Orchestra is employed. [See Thomas Or-
chestra.]
516 GUIDE TO CHICAGO.
Chicago Philatelic Society An association of stamp collectors and con-
nected with the National Philatelic Association. Gives an annual banquet
and holds frequent meetings. Officers: P. M. Walseiffer, president; W. Jan-
sen, vice-president; A. L. Pierce, treasurer; C. E. Levern, secretary; A. P.
Hosmer, VV. C. Hurzerg, Samuel Leland, governing board.
Chicago Society of Decorative Art. 200 Michigan avenue. Officers: Mrs.
J. Y. Scainmon, president ; Mrs. John N. Jewett, vice-president ; Mrs. Dud-
ley P. Wilkinson, treasurer ; Miss Emma C. Kellogg, secretary ; Mrs. T. B.
Blackstone, Mrs. S. M. Nickerson, Mrs. Charles Henrotin directors ; Mis.
John J. Glessner, chairman of membership committee.
Chicago Turngemeinde. Officers: Louis Nettelhorst, president; George
Schmidt, vice-president; Emil Blocli, corresponding seeietary Charles Dur-
and, recording secretary; Edward Fit Ider, treasurer; Emil Homan, cashier;
Gustav Houser, book-keeper; II. Herzberg, librarian; A. G. Hambock, first
turnwart; Fred Hess, second turnwart; A. La Thomas, first property clerk.
F. Emerick, secoud property clerk.
Columbian, Association. Principal object the improvement of the home
through the enlightenment of housekeeping as to scientific sanitation, relative
value of various foods, and the most hygienic and economical method yet dis-
covered of preparing them. There has been some concern lest \\oman should,
as their horizon widened, rush as a mighty, one-mii,d(d multitude out from
their homes and leave the hearthside deserted. The widespread and enthusi-
astic interest which has been awakened by the proposition of the founders of
this association to afford housekeepers reliable scientific information which
will enable them to conduct their households more successfully shows that
women first of all are anxious to improve their homes aiid that with all their
gettings they greatly desire to get the undeistanding which will enable them
to do so.
The association numbers about a hundred members and is really the
outgrowth of the committee on household economics of the world's congress
auxiliary, of which Mrs. John Wilkinson is chairman and Mrs. Thomas F.
Gane vice-chairman. The members of the committee on household economics
are elected by the general committee of the world's congress auxiliary and its
meetings are open only to its members. The meetings of the Columbian
Housekeepers' Association are open to any one interested in their work.
The organization is divided into seven committees. There is a committee
on sanitary condition of houses, correct plumbing, ventilation, light, heat,
etc.
The second committee is on intelligence offices and various institutions, of
which Mrs J. M. Hill is chairman, and which is devoted to keeping a correct
directory of all institutions, together with a short statement of their objects,
and also of all intelligence offices, with a statement of the help they can sup-
ply. It is the duty of this committee to secure if possible the co-operation of
the various Intelligence offices.
The third committee, of which Mrs. E. A. Matthiessen is chairman, has
charge of collating and arranging information in regard to the work of cook-
ing and industrial schools, co-operative laundries and bakeries, training
schools for nurses and servants, kitchen gardens and kindergartens and
mothers' and nurse-girls' classes, and keeps the association informed in .
regard to their work.
The fourth committee is on food supply, with Mrs. Anna H. White as
THE ENCYCLOPEDIA. 517
chairman. Their work is to prepare for publication each week a list of foods
which will make it possible to compare Chicago markets with others and
also to furnish lists of seasonable articles of food, menu which will be timely
and suggestive, and other interesting matter relating to household economies.
The fifth committee is devoted to the dissemination of information in
regard to the work of the association.
The sixth committee, of which Mrs. Elizabeth Boynton Harbert is chair-
man, is devoted to household economics in village communities. Its work Is
to formulate plans to simplify housework in village communities; to suggest
plans for co-operation in laundries and other work which can be done on this
plan ; to discuss plans for profitable market gardening, the production on a
small scale of eggs and poultry, and to furnish information on all topics
connected with housework. These committees are all well organized and
doing systematic and effective work.
The officers of the association have opened correspondence with persons
who have distinguished themselves in different departments of household
economics, and are in this way profiting by the experience of those who have
given their entire attention to the subject.
The model house, which will probably be built on the World's Pair
grounds in the vicinity of the Woman's Building, was suggested by Lucy M.
Salmon, of Vassar College. Her idea is to erect a house that shall cost not
more than $5,000, as that would come within the means of probably the
largest number of persons. The aim would be to furnish an object lesson in
the very best scientific draining, plumbing, lighting, heating, ventilation, and,
indeed, everything that secures perfect, sanitary condiiions. It will also
illustrate all labor saving devices and whatever has been accomplished for the
household by science rather than art. It is further proposed that lunches, pre-
pared on scientific principles, be served in this house and that the printed bill
of fare shall set forth the simple physiological value of each article served,
the exact cost of the material used in its preparation, as well as the fuel
needed in cooking it. The suggestion is made by Miss Salmon that experts
be requested to experiment on a bill of fare for the lunches in this house at
once, with the aim in view of obtaining the greatest amount of nourishment
from a given amount of food material at the least expenditure of fuel, time
and strength.
Cymrodorian Society. Called after the famous London Society of that
name. Composed of Welsh residents. Organized Oct. 23, 1890. Has no
stated place of meeting. Officers: Samuel Job, President; W. E. Powell and
D. I. Davies, Vice presidents; Professor W. Apmadoc, Secretary; E. G.
Lloyd, Recording Secretary ; Evan Lloyd , Treasurer. The object of the society
is to study Welsh literature and to encourage Keltic fellowship and scholar-
ship.
Dania Society. 345 Milwaukee avenue. Regular meetings, first Sat-
urdays and third Thursdays. President, H. Okenholdt; Vice-presidents, C.
Mikkelsen, C. C. Hansen; Recording Secretary, J. Hansen.
Deutscher Krieger Verein. Meets first and third Sundays, at 2 p. M.,
45 North Clark street. President, F. Liudermann; treasurer, F. Zirzow; sec-
retary, C. Kessler.
Garibaldi Legion. Meets first Fridays, 169 Washington street. Presi-
dent, R. Puccini; treasurer, L. Arata; secretary, J. Ginochio, room 18,
95 Dearborn street.
518 fetJIDE TO CHICAGO
German Mutual Benefit Association. 24, 206 La Salle street. President,
M. G. Good; secretary, S. Wucst, treasurer, F. C. L. Muebike.
German Society of Cfiicago. The German Society of Chicago (Deutsche
GesellschaftvonChicago,Ill.)wasestablished in the month of May, 1854. under
the name of Society for the Protection and Aid of German Immigrants
(Huelfs-Verein fuer Deutsche Einwandeier), and owed its origin to the fact
that both the vast increase and the growing importance of German immigration
to this country called for some means of protection to those immigrants who
were ignorant of our language and the peculiar conditions of this country,
and who, on that account, might easily be taken advantage of by the dishonest
and unscrupulous in ourcommunity. Its first president was George Bormann,
and its secretary, George Hillgaertner, who was then and afterwards so
favorably known as being among the editorial representatives of the German
press of this country, one of the most earnest advocates of republican institu-
tions. The society numbered 250 members during the first year of its exist-
ence, and was soon recognized by all the leading German citizens of Chicago
as one of the most efficient benevolent institutions in the West. The annual
reports of the society, always replete with interesting facts and just observa-
tions bearing upon the subject of immigration and general relief work, have
been the means whereby the society has become known, not only in this
country, but also in Germany, as one of the leading institutions of its kind.
The society meets at 49 La Salle street. Officers: President, Max Eberhardt;
vice-president, Dr. Theo. J. Bluthardt; secretary, Adolph Sturm; treasurer,
C. L. Neihoff.
Girls' Friendly Society. The Girls' Friendly Society has branches In
every part of the city, and though it is non-sectarian its patronesses belong
without exception to the Episcopalian Church. Thus there are in connection
with every Episcopal Church in Chicago branch societies having reading
rooms and rooms for mutual entertainment where working girls may meet
several evenings in each week for mental and social recreation. At each of
the following churches there are branches of this kind : The Cathedral, St.
James, St. Clement's, Trinity, St. Mark's, St. Stephen's, Grace Episcopal
Church, St. Thomas' Church of the Epiphany, Church of the Transfiguration,
and Church of St. Philip, the Evangelist, at Brighton Park. The principal
branch, however, which embraces more than three hundred girls, is that con-
ducted by energetic women philanthropists on the North Side in connection
with St. James' Episcopal Church.
Horticultural Society. Incorporated in 1890. Officers: President,
George Schneider; first vice-president, William H. Chadwick; second vice-
president, F. C. Vierling; third vice-president, E. G. Uihlein; treasurer, A. L.
Chetlain; secretary, J. D. Raynolds; assistant secretary, G. L. Grant. This
society was organized for the purpose of giving exhibitions annually and
encouraging horticulture in the vicinity of Chicago.
ILLINOIS HUMANE SOCIETY: Chartered as Illinois Society for prevention
of cruelty to animals by the Legislature of the State of Illinois, March 25,
1869. Prevention of cruelty to children was joined to its work aud the name
changed to Illinois Humane Society, July 5, 1877. This important and use-
ful society is supported by voluntary contributions. Officers: John G.
Shortall, president; George Schneider, treasurer. Office, Auditorium build-
ing, room 43, telephone No. 65. Directors and dates of election: George E.
THE ENCYCLOPEDIA. 51J>
Adams, 1876; J. McGregor Adams. 1889; Philip D. Armour, 1880; Mrs. F. H.
Beckwith, 1880; Alson E. Clark, 1891: Belden F. Culver, 1869; John T. Dale,
1891; John C. Dore, 1869; Marshall Field, 1879; Henry L. Frank, 1880; John
J. Glessner, 1884; Henry N. Hart, 1879; T. W. Harvey, 1880; Mrs. Wm. G.
Hibbard, 1880; Thomas E. Hill, 1882; Albert W. Landon, 1869; Franklin
Mac Veagh, 1888; Wm. Penn Nixon, 1886; Ferd W. Peck, 1876; Mrs. Ferd
W. Peck, 1878; George Schneider, 1883; John B. Sherman, 1869; John G.
Shortall, 1869; Henry H. Shufeldt, 188s>; Otho S. A. Sprague, 1891; Joseph
Stockton, 1877; William H. Swift, 1891; David Swing, 1880; Mrs. Elia M.
Walker,_1876; Moses D. Wells, 1882.
Legislature of 1885 authorized the payment of all fines paid in money
imposed through its agency, into its treasury. The total receipts for the
year ending April 30, li-91, with balance from preceding year were $9, 199. 51
and the expenses $7,301.41. The society is called on continually for a mul-
titude of service outside its legitimate sphere, and is active in giving aid,
either material or advisory, to all applicants. To illustrate in part the work
of the socity, the following statistics show the summary for the year ending
April 30, 1891:
Complaints and cases investigated, 3,787; children rescued and condition
remedied, 1,315, Children placed in charitable institutions, 567; persons and
teamsters reprimanded, 1,262; Horses laid up from work, as unfit for service,
167; disabled animals removed by ambulance, 133; incurable and abandoned
animals shot, 500; persons prosecuted for cruelty to animals, 130; persons
prosecuted for cruelty to children, 44; amount of tines imposed, $3,375.60.
In addition to this summary should be added that portion of work of the
society through William Mitchell, state officer, at the stock yards, not included
in the above, viz. :
Attention to and amelioration of condition, through watering, feeding,
etc., of over 16,000 animals.
The society has erected in the neighborhood of thirty street fountains
through the streets of the city for the supply of drinking water to persons
and animals.
Complaints are received and examined, whether forwarded anonymously
or not, but it requests always that the name of the complainant should be sent
to it, for obvious reasons, and the name is never divulged if requested to be
kept secret.
Contributions to this society's work may be sent to the president or treas-
urer or to any member of the board of directors.
Illinois Society, Sons of the American Revolution. Composed of descend-
ants of the soldiers of the Revolutionary War, and of other participants in
that struggle. Officers President, Henry M. Shepard: first vice-president,
Willard T. Block; second vice-president, Fernando Jones; secretary, John D.
Vandercook; treasurer, David W. Clark; registrar, E. A. Filkins; historian,
John T. Long; chaplain, Charles Edward Cheney; board of managers, Fred-
erick R. Southmayd, Richard Rohns, John C. Long, James Hyde, Chicago;
Charles L. Alley, Rockford; James Montgomery, Peoria; Henry S. Boutelle,
Chicago; Richard Dewey, Kankakee; John C. Polly, Horace G. Bird, Chi-
cago; J. W. Vance, Springfield; Amory Bigelow, Hobart C. Taylor, Luther
M. Shreve, Chicago. Delegate-at-large, Willis G. Jackson; delegates, Ed. A.
Hill and F. C. Hale.
Illinois State Board of Agriculture. President, La Fayette F. Shirley;
520 GUIDE TO CHICAGO.
secretary, W. C. Garrad, Springfield; vice-president (first district), J. I.
Pearce, Sherman House, Chicago; treasurer, J. W. Bunn, Springfield.
Irish Catholic Colonization Association. Meets first Wednesday in May,
and quarterly thereafter, at Grand Pacific; President, Rt. Rev. J. S. Spakling,
Peoria; secretary and treasurer, N. J. Onahan, Chicago.
Irish National Burial Association. A benevolent society. Officers:
President, S. C. Buckley; vice-president, Daniel O'Connor; secretary, John
Markey; treasurer, Dennis O'Connor; trustees, M. Fitzgerald, M. J. Kelly,
M. Mulcahy, John Dowling, J. J. O'Connell.
Luxemburg Unterstuetzungs Verein. Meets second Sundays at 376 W.
Twelfth street.
Medical Societies. CHICAGO ACADEMY OP HOMEOPATHIC PHYSICIANS AND
SURGEONS Meetings first Thursday evening of every month at Grand
Pacific Hotel; CHICAGO DENTAL SOCIETY Meets first Tuesdays at 45 Ran-
dolph street; CHICAGO ECLECTIC MEDICAL SOCIETY Meets third Wednesday
in each month at Grand Pacific Hotel; CHICAGO GYNECOLOGICAL SOCIETY
Meets at Grand Pacific Elotel third Friday evening of each month; CHICAGO
MEDICAL PRESS ASSOCIATION Meets .it 7 and 9 Jackson ; CHICAGO MEDICAL
SOCIETY Meets on the first and third Monday of each month at Grand
Pacific Hotel; CHICAGO PATHOLOGICAL SOCIETY Meets second Monday of
each month at Warren and Ashland aves.; CLINICAL SOCIETY OF THE HAHNE-
MANN'S HOSPITAL Meets at the Grand Pacific Hotel first Saturdays; ILLINOIS
STATE BOARD OF DENTAL EXAMINERS 12, 103 State; ILLINOIS STATE BOARD
OF HEALTH Meets quarterly at Chicago and Springfield; ILLINOIS STATE
BOARD OF PHARMACY (For the examination and registration of druggists);
ILLINOIS STATE DENTAL SOCIETY Next annual meeting second Tuesday in
May, 1892, at Bloomington; ILLINOIS STATE ECLECTIC MBDICAL SOCIETY;
ILLINOIS STATE MEDICAL SOCIETY Next meeting second Tuesday in May,
1892; POST-GRADUATE POLICLINIC OF ECLECTIC MEDICINE AND SURGERY
Ada, nw. cor. Fulton; WOMEN'S HOMEOPATHIC MEDICAL SOCIETY Meets
second Mondays at 8 P. M., Sherman House; WOMEN'S PHYSIOLOGICAL INSTI-
TUTE Meets first and third Mondays (October to April, inclusive) at 3 P. M.,
at Michigan ave., sw. cor. Van Buren.
Moral Educational Society. A society for the advancement of moral edu-
cation. Officers: President, Hennillo K. Morris, M. D.; vice-president, Mrs.
Hattie Davis; secretary and treasurer, Laura L. Randolph, M. D. ; executive
committee, Mrs. A. J. Darling and Mrs. H. C. Garner.
Naval Veteran's Association. Officers: Captain, D. B. Hubbard; com-
mander, John C. Richberg; lieut. commander, W. L. Orr; lieutenant, J. L.
Gooding; chaplain, W. L. Baldwin; surgeon, S. J. Jones, M. D.; paymaster,
R. N. Hopkins; srecetary, Jhon J .R yanjquartermaster. Jas. F. Egan.
Northwestern Association of Horse Breeders. Officers: President, J ohn L.
Mitchell, Milwaukee; vice-presidents, Jackson I. Case, Wisconsin; S. A.
Browne, Michigan; W. P. Ijams, Indiana; A. W. Dennison, Kansas; J. D.
Creighton, Nebraska; George Sherwood, Minnesota; Judge Walter I. Hayes,
Iowa; Ed Martin, Missouri; W. A. Sanborn, Illinois; W. H. Raymond,
Montana; Bradford Dubois, Colorado: C. F. Emery, Ohio; A. C. Beckwith,
Wyoming. Treasurer, H. D. McKinney, Janesville, Wis.; secretary, Robert
Allen, Joliet, 111.
[Engraved for The Standard Guide Company.]
THE MILWAUKEE AVENUE STATE BANK.
[See " Banks, State and Private."]
THE ENCYCLOPEDIA. 521
Northwestern Traveling Men's Association. The largest organization of
commercial travelers in the world. Officers: President, George J. Keed,
Chicago; vice-president* Illinois, Sajnuel Baker; Iowa, Frederick Field;
Minnesota, Cyrus Beall; Wisconsin, J. W. Ellsworth; Indiana, W. S. McMil-
lan; Missouri, W. H. Cleland; Michigan, P. H. Carroll; Kentucky, Nathan
Uri; Kansas, D. E. Good; New York, S. P. Paul; Colorado, W. W. Palmer;
Nebraska, James McCord; North Dakota, W. S. Stockdale; South Dakota,
J. W. Sheldon; California, James Balfour; Montana, J. C. Masliu; Oregon,
S. J. Freedman; Washington, W. W. Powell; Utah, George T. Odell; New
Jersey, E. C. Woodward; Texas, A. D. Bradshaw; Ohio, Eric Schulen. Sec-
retary and treasurer, C. H. Hinman, Chicago; Directors for two years, F.
C. Etheridge, T. J. Garrigan, W. H. Cribben, Conrad Witkowsky, Edward
Doyle.
Ogontz Association. Founded by the Chicago Alumnte of the Ogontz
School in 1891, who conceived the idea, in the name of their alma mater, of a
lunch room for self-supporting women. The following plan was adopted :
each active member subscribed $10 in annual dues, and each associate member
subscribed $15, while many added their gifts of furniture, table furnishings
and books. In addition friends and well-wishers added greatly to their con-
tributions by placing their names upon the guarantee fund. In February,
1891, all arrangements were finally completed. Two sunny rooms were
selected on the thirteenth floor of the new Pontiac building, which stands in
the midst of the printing district, on the corner of Dearborn and Harrison
streets. One room was tastefully fitted for a reading and reception room, and
provided with an excellent assortment of books, magazines and games; also
tables, comfortable chairs and a piano. Over this room three or more mem-
bers of the Ogontz Association preside daily; one to attend to the books,
which may be taken from the library if returned within two weeks, and one to
act as'casbier. Others play, sing, or assist in making the lunch hour pleas-
ant, and become acquainted with the members of the Lunch Club.
A monthly payment of 10 cents entitles any wage-earning girl or woman
to full membership, and enables her to obtain a wholesome lunch at small
expense. Tea, coffee or milk is sold for 2 cents, home-made sandwiches or
rolls or cake for 5 cents. During the^summer ice cream and iced tea are
served, aud through the winter hot bouillon is furnished.
The light and pleasant lunch-room, which opens from the reading room,
is well supplied with neat tables and chairs, muslin curtains and a cupboard
for china. At one end stands the lunch-counter, behind which gleam tea and
coffee urns. Here each member receives from the matron, assisted by one of
the members of the Ogontz Association, her order, accompanied by a check,
and is at liberty to seat herself at any table. Many prefer to bring their own
luncheon, and desire only a cup of tea or coffee.
From 12 to 2 o'clock daily, excepting Sunday, the rooms are filled, the
membership having; reached 200, with an average attendance of 100. Officers:
Miss Bonnie Withrow, president; Mrs. Louis Lafiin, first vice-president; Mi?s
Belle Hughitt, second vice-president; Miss Maud Towle, recording secretary;
Miss Katharine Porter, corresponding secretary; Miss Mabel M. Pope, treas-
urer.
Personal Rights League. Executive Committee : Matt Bpnner, James A.
Brucker, F. V. Buschick, W. H. Dyrenforth, A. J. Doyle, Jacob Heissler,
Francis A. Hoffmann, Jr., Dr. T. N. Jamieson, Dr. G. T. Lydston, Jacob
522 GUIDE TO CHICAGO.
Mauz, Theodore Oehne, Col. Francis W. Parker, C. Herman Plautz, F. H.
Rohde, Graeme Stewart, Frank A. Stauber, Henry Steinbeck,. John G. Schaar,
James Sullivan, George A. Weiss, Charles H. Wacker.
Philosophical Society of Ohicago. Organized shortly after the great fire.
Rev. Dr H. W. Thomas, then pastor of the First M. E. Church, being one of
its most active promoters. Dr. Thomas drew into council with himself a
few of like spirit, and a preliminary meeting was held September 8, 1873, at
which a committee on organization was appointed, consisting of Messrs. Dr.
H. W. Thomas, A. B. Keith, Dr. T. A. Bland, E. F. Abbott and T. B. Tay-
lor. The next meeting was held September 16th, and the final organization
was effected October llth, in the rooms of the First M. E. church; and there
the society held its meetings for awhile. The course of lectures was begun,
even before the constitution was adopted, with a lecture by Col. A. N.
Waterman, September 23d, on the influence of Modern Philanlhrophy upon
Law. At the same time, the plan was adopted of criticising rach lecture,
members of the society offering comments in brief speeches. From the first
the society insisted upon perfect freedom of utterance in its lectures and
discussions. Its constitution was the simplest possible form of organization,
the preamble to which was as follows: "Being profoundly impie&sed with
the unity of Truth in its origin, and of its infinite value to man, and being
equally impressed with the blinding effects upon the human mind of igno-
rance, prejudice and superstition, it has seemed desirable to us (believing
the time for such a movement has arrived) to seek the organization of a
society, whose sole motto shall be ' What is truth ?' whose members, regard-
less of past association preconceived opinions or expressed convictions, shall,
in a spirit of simplicity and candor, associate for the investigation of questions
that are peculiar to our time, pertaining to human welfare." The member-
ship of the society has varied between 100 and 400. Among its presidents
have been Rev. Joseph Haven, D. D., Dr. H. W. Thomas, Judge Henry
Broth, Gen. N. B. Buford, Dr. Samuel Willard, Dr. Edmund Andrews,
Prof. Rodney Welch.
Plait Deutsch Vei-ein meets Thursdays at Uhlich's Hall. President,
C. Jansen; treasurer, A. Boenert; financial sccretaiy, Geo. B. Tiarks; record
ing secretary, H. Richter.
Reform Societies. CITIZENS' ASSOCIATION OP CHICAGO, 94 La Salle st.
President, J. J. Glessner; vice-president, J. H. Bradley; secretary, J. C.
Ambler. CITIZENS' LEAGUE OP CHICAGO, Room 31-32, 116 La Salle st. An
association of citizens of Chicago, acting under a special charter, for the
purpose of enforcing the laws prohibiting the sale of liquor to minois and
drunkards. Officers: President, Israel H. Rumsey; fiist vice-president,
C. M. Howe; 50 honorary vice-presidents; fifteen uienibcis of executive com-
mittee. E. D. Redingtou, recording secretary; A. L. Coe, treasurer; H J.
Hay ward, general agent; C M. Albenson, assistant geLcral agent; C. C.
Bonney, general counsel; Gen. I. N. Stiles and Thomas Deut, special counsel.
During the year 1891 787 cases against saloon-keepers were prosecuted.
Charges were preferred against 1,306 persons. Of these 485 were for selling
liquor to minors, and 735 for selling liquor to drunkards and 83 for keeping
disreputable houses. Five hundred and ninety-four were fined in the justice
courts and ninety-three held to the criminal court. The city received
$11,566.10 through tines. The expenses of the league for the last year have
been $7,331.69. CIVIL SERVICE REFORM LEAGUE, 107 Dearborn Bt. Presi-
THE ENCYCLOPEDIA. 523
dent, J. H. Norton; secretary, F. H. Scott. ILLINOIS TARIFF REFORM
LEAGUE, 116-118 Dearborn st. President, Franklin MficVeagh; secretary, C.
B. Pfahler. INTERNATIONAL LAW AND ORDER LEAGUE, 114 La Salle st.
President, C. C. Bonney. REVENUE REKORM LEAGUE OF COOK COUNTY.,
92 La Salle st. President, J. S. Lombard; treasurer, W. A. Bond; secretary,
J. C. Ambler. WESTERN SOCIETY FOR THE SUPPRESSION OF VICE, 10 Arcade
Court. President, H. D. Penfield; secretary, W. W. Van Arsdale
Ridgeicay Ornithological Club. 131 Wabash ave. Officers: President, G.
F. Morcom; secretary and treasurer, Henry K. Coale.
Secret Societies. Every secret order is represented in Chicago, nearly all
of the societies bjing in a flourishing condition. Visiting members of secret
societies will consult the city directory for location of lodges, names of
officers, etc.
Singing Societies. There are a number of large singing societies,
" Saenger Bunds," etc., in the eity. Visitors will consult the city directory for
location of meeting places, names of officers, etc.
Societa Christqforo Colonibo. Meets 4th Sundays, 2 p. M., at 82 W. Madi-
son st.; president, G. B. Giannini; vice-president, B. "Basso; secretary, T.
Dani; treasurer, C. Ginocchio.
Societa, Francaise De Secours Mutual. Meets 1st Fridays, 25 Blue Island
ave. President, Eugene La Pointe; secretary, Joseph Bourgean; treasurer,
J. Chalifoux.
Societa Italiana Unione e Fratellanza. Meets 1st Sundays, 112 Ran-
dolph st. President, A. Arata, 664 W. Harrison st. ; secretary, G. Segale.
Society for Ethical CutlureA5 Randolph St., 2d floor; lectures every Sun-
day, 11 A. M., at Grand Opera House.
Soldiers' Home Association. Officers: President,- Mrs. Margaret Vierling;
first vice-president, Mrs. 8. J. Wardtier; second vice-president, Maria Cluet;
recording secretary, Mrs. Mary Hayues; corresponding secietary, Mrs. M. M.
Kyle; treasurer, Mrs. Carrie Tebbetts; directors: Mrs. Margaret Vierling,
Mrs Juliette Sine, Mrs. Mary Thiell, Mrs. Maria Cluet, Mrs. Ellen Bridges,
Mrs. D. A. Leaverton, Mis. Sophia A. Lincott, Mrs. Mary Bourman, Mrs.
Cariie Tebbetts, Mrs. Elizabeth Aubrey, Mis. Mary Strang, Mrs. S. J. Ward-
ner, Mrs. Lorraine Pitkin, Mrs. Mary Haynes, and Miss Jennie Bross.
South End Flower Mission. Is not a denominational society. Meets each
Tuesday at 9 A. M. in the parlors of Memorial Baptist Church, Oakwood
boulevard, and carries flowers to every hospital arid charitable institution
south of Twenty -second street. The report for the last year shows that
16,437 bunches of flowers and 1,293 books and other reading matter were
distributed. Officers. President, Mrs. C. W. Beeman; vice-presidents, Mrs.
A. Tuttle and Mrs Alvah Perry, treasurer, Mrs. William A. Comstock; sec-
retary, Mrs. H. S. Tiffany, No. 3742 Ellis avenue.
St. Andrew's Society. Organized under the name of the Illinois St. An-
drews' Society, January 26, 1846. A constitution and the code of by-laws were
adopted in 1850, and revised and amended in 1858, and again in 1872, after
the great fire of October, 1871. The society was incorporated by special act
of the legislature of Illinois in February, 1853. Since the first organization
in 1846, the society has never failed to hold its regular anniversary meeting
524 GUIDE TO CHICAGO.
on St. Andrew's day. From a weakly child the society has grown into a
strong and stalwart man. Members in large numbers have flocked to its
standard, and its position has now become so well assured and permanent
that no worthy applicant for its bounty is ever turned away with empty
hands. But not alone on the living are its benefits conferred. In the ceme-
tery at Rose Hill, the society since 1858 has owned a burial place, where the
friendless and destitute Scotchman dying in a foreign land amongst strangers
is tenderly cared for, and his ashes repose in peace in the grounds and under
the shadow of the monument of this most excellent charity, with a stone
marked to indicate the spot where he sleeps. The means of the society are
derived from the annual subscriptions of the members ($3.00), the fees on
initiation ($2.00) and the profits derived from the anniversary dinners on St.
Andrews day, and the annual balls given by the society for the benefit of the
ladies, as they are not admitted to the annual dinners. Meets first Thursday
in February, May, August and November at Sherman House. President, A.
C. Cameron; treasurer, Duncan Cameron; secretary, Jas. Duncan.
St. Vincent De Paul Societies. There is a St. Vincent De Paul society in
every Catholic parish in the city. Visitors will consult the city directory
for location, names of officers, etc.
State Microscopical Society. Meets second Friday (except June to Sep-
tember inclusive) at 184 Wabash ave. President, Plymmon S. Hayes, M. D. ;
secretary, Howard N. Lyon, M. D.; treasurer, W. H. Summers.
State Council Catholic Benevolent Legion. The Legion has three thousann
members in Illinois and is in a prosperous condition. The State Council
numbers forty members. Officers : President, M. J-. Keane ; vice-president,
William Rogan ; orator, E. J. Walsh ; secretary, J. J. O'Donnell ; treas-
urer, A Schneider; marshal, James M. Doyle ; guard, Myles O'Kelly.
Temperance Societies. There are lodges of the Good Templar and Sons of
Temperance orders scattered throughout the city. Visiting members will
consult the city directory for location, names of officers, etc.
Turners' Societies. There are a number of Turners' societies in the city,
all of which are in a flourishing condition. A new North Side Turner Hall
is shortly to be erected. A new hall for the National Turnverein is to be
erected at the corner of Laflin and Eleventh sts. Visiting Turners will con-
sult the city directory for location of Turner halls, names of officers, etc.
Typothebv, The. A society of master printers. Officers: Charles E.
Leonard, president; P. F. Pettibone and Fred Barnard, vice-presidents;
Thomas Knapp, secretary; Franz Gindele, treasurer; executive committee, C.
H. Blakely, chairman, A. McNally, R. R. Donnelley, William Johnson and
W. P. Dunn.
Union Veteran League. Officers : Jacob Gross, president ; W. A.
Hutching, first vice-president ; W. T. Ball, second vice-president ; William
H. King, treasurer ; E. J. Burkert, recording secretary ; Samuel Kcrr, cor-'
Unione e Fratellanza. An Italian society, and the oldest in Chicago. Its
officers are: Angelo Arata, president; Luigi Pinocci, vice-president; Angelo
Bacigalupo, treasurer; Giuseppe Segale, Giovanni B. Giannini, financial and
recording secretaries.
THE ENCYCLOPEDIA. 525
responding secretary; Rt. Rev. Samuel Fallows, chaplain; Charles F. Small,
commissary ; Joseph Harvey, marshal ; Thomas A. Parker, quartermaster ;
G. Frank White, judge advocate ; Alfred C. Cotton, surgeon ; Frank S.
Allen, M. V. Zimmerman and Charles E. Elbby, directors.
Union Veteran Legion, No. 102. Officers: Colonel, J. W. Kersey!
lieutenant-colonel, John W. Thompson; major, Peter Adler; officer of the
day, Patrick McGrath; surgeon, Gen. George Heinzmann; adjutant, N. A.
Reed. The League is composed entirely of veterans who served two continu-
ous years. None are admitted on hospital or quartermaster records unless
they received wounds in action and were enlisted prior to July 1, 1863.
United Commercial Travelers' of America. Commonly known as the
" U. C. T." A secret organization composed of commercial travelers only;
with means of instant recognition at all times, members are enabled to aid
each other in many ways as fellow-travelers. As the constitution says of its
objects: " To unite frateraally all Commercial Travelers of good moral char-
acter. To give all moral and material aid in its power to its members and
those dependant upon them. Also to assist the widows and orphans of de-
ceased members. To establish an indemnity fund to 'Indemnify its members for
total disability or death resulting from accidental means. To secure from all
transportation companies and hotels just and equitable favors for Commercial
Travelers as a class. To elevate the moral and social standing of its mem-
bers. The constitution also reads, referring to membership: "Any male
person of good moral character, engaged as a Commercial Traveler (for a term
of not less than one year), soliciting orders from samples, catalogue
card, price-list, or description, forjcommission, wholesale house, or man-
ufacturer at wholesale, may become a member (if found acceptable) upon
application in due form, and the payment of an application fee of five dollars,
and the quarterly dues of the Council." " Chicago Council " is the name of
the body in our city. The order has paid ' ' its members and those dependent
upon them " over eleven thousand dollars in the past four years of its exist
ence, for injury received or death. Information can be obtained by address-
ing Mr. Nate L. Maher, 7013 Yale St., Chicago.
Western Amateur Press Association. An association of young journalists.
Officers: President, Miss Alice Fitzgerald; vice-president, Theodore B.
Thiele; secretary, Alfred J. Robinson; treasurer, Miss Marion Skinner; official
editor, J. Herbert Phillips.
Western Society of the Army of The Potomac. Officers: President,
Col. Freeman Conuor; vice presidents, Capt. John F. Weare, Col. E. R. P.
Shurly and Capt. John Lambert, of Joliet; secretary, Capt. Richard Robins;
recorder, Capt. William Bye; treasurer, Colonel A. J. Burbank; chaplain,
Rev. William White Wilson; surgeon, Dr. J. Vrey..
Women's Press Association. Officers: President, Mary Allen West; first
vice president, Mrs. Mary Dye; second vice-president, Mrs. Sallie M. Moses;
third vice-president, Miss Anna R. Weeks; recording secretary Mrs. L.
Chamberlain Madden; assistant recording secretary, Mrs. Eva Kinney Grif-
fith; corresponding secretary, Emily A. Kellogg; assistant corresponding
secretary, Mrs. E. J. Abbott; treasurer, Mrs. F. E. Owens; librarian, Miss
Dusenberry.
526 GUIDE TO CHICAGO.
Woman's Alliance. Composed of representatives from the various
women's societies of the city. Meets at the Palmer House on the first Friday
of every month.
Woman's Exchange. A semi-charter organization for the promotion of
the interests of working women. At the last regular meeting of the Exchange
Mrs. J. 8. McAuley reported that the Exchange had just closed the most suc-
cessful year of its existence, speaking from a philanthropic point, but not
from a financial one. By close economy the Exchange had been able to make
both ends meet and leave the reserve fund intact. During the year $36,000
has been paid to self-supporting women, being nearly $16,000 more tha-n the
amount paid out last year. The number of depositors is now 500, having
increased 117 during the year. The art committee reported receiving from sales
during the year $2,558.04; embroidery committee, $1,527.99; sewing com-
mittee, $1,191.13; crochet committee, $1,266.02; domestic committee, $13,
719.20. Ouly 10 per cent, of the amount received from sales is kept by the
Exchange to pay expenses. The rest is paid to the consignors. Officers:
President, Mrs. A. A. Carpenter; first vice-president, Mrs. J. B. Lyon; second
vice-president, Mrs, 8. R. Howell; third vice-president, Mrs. O. Guthrie;
recording secretary, Mrs. J. T. McAuley; corresponding secretaries, Mrs. S.G.
Field and Mrs. T. F. Withrow.
STATE INSTITUTIONS.
A large number of public institutions in Illinois, including prisons,
reformatories, hospitals, asylums, etc., are conducted under .the supervision,
and maintained at the expense, of the State. They are as follows:
Illinois Asylum for feeble-Minded Children. Located at Lincoln, 156
miles south of Chicago. Take Illinois Central or Chicago & Alton railroad.
Average daily attendance of inmates about 375. Average age of inmates
about 15 years. Annual expenses about $75,000.
Illinois Central Hospital for the Insane. Located at Jacksonville, 215
miles south of Chicago. Take Chicago & Alton railroad. Average number
of patients about 925. Annual cost of maintenance, $150,000.
Illinois Charitable Eye and Ear Infirmary. Located in Chicago, nw. cor.
of Adams and Peoria sts. ; take Adams st. car. A handsome structure. The
average number of patients per annum treated for diseases of the eye is about
4,000; for the ear about 1,100. Over 50,000 patients have been treated since
the opening of the institution in 1858. The expenses per annum are about
$30,000.
Illinois Eastern Hospital for the Insane. Located at Kankakee, 56 miles
south of Chicago. Take the Illinois Central railroad. Average number of
patients about 1,500. Ordinary expenses per annum about $250,000.
Illinois Institution for the Education of the Blind. Located at Jackson-
ville, 215 miles south of Chicago. Take Chicago & Alton railroad. Average
number enrolled about 215, of whom about one-third are females. Annual
appropriation for maintenance about $120,000.
Illinois Institution for the Education of the Deaf and Dumb. Located at
Jacksonville, 215 miles south of Chicago. Take Chicago & Alton railroad.
Average number of people on the rolls about 600. Ordinary expenses per
annum about $125,000,
ENCYCLOPEDIA; 627
Illinois Northern Hospital for the Insane. Located at Elgin, 42Jx miles
from Chicago. Take Chicago & North- Western or Chiqago, Milwaukee &
St. Paul railroad. The number of patients averages nearly 600. The per
capita cost of maintenance is about $169. The buildings are large and are
being constantly improved.
Illinois Soldiers' Orphans' Home. Located at Normal, 124 miles south-
west of Chicago. Take*Chicago & Alton railroad. The average number of
inmates is about 210 males and 150 females. Annual expenses, about $50,000.
This is an educational institution as well as a home for the orphans of Illinois
soldiers. Every branch of English common-school education is taught.
Illinois Soldiers' and Saitors' Home. Located at Quincy, 264 miles south-
west of Chicago. Take Chicago, Burlington & Quincy railroad. Conducted
on the cottage plan. Average number of inmates, about 750. Cost of main-
tenance, about $175 per capita. Ordinary expenses, about $100,000 perannum.
Illinois Southern Hospital for the Insane. Located at Anna, 329 miles
southwest of. Chicago. Take Illinois Central railroad. The average number
of patients in the institution is about 675. The cost of maintenance per
capita is $162. The annual appropriation for maintenance and improvements
is about $125,000
Illinois Southern Penitentairy. Located at Chester, near St. Louis. Take
Illinois Cential railroad. Average number of prisoners, about 800. Here the
convicts are employed, as at Joliet, in all trades, under tho contract system.
There are extensive brick yards in the prison. The prison is almost self-
sustaining, the average appropriation to meet the deficit being about $50,000.
Illinois State Penitentiary. Located at Joliet, 37 miles south of Chicago.
Take Chicago & Alton; Chicago, Rock Island & Pacific or Michigan Central
railroad. Average aumber of prisoners, 1,400. The prison, through a
system of convict contract labor, is almost self-sustaining. The prison itself
is built after the manner of American penal institutions generally, although
many of the latest improvements have been adopted in the plans of the cell
buildings, work shops, etc. From the report of the chaplain for an average
year the following interesting facts are obtained : Whole number received
during the two years covered by the biennial report, 1,206. Of this number,
843 were not members of any church at the time of their conviction. Of the
363 remaining, 229 were Catholic, 8 Baptist, 4 Christian, 1 Church of Eng-
land, 2 Congregationalist, 25 Episcopal, 1 Greek, 3 Jewish, 52 Lutheran, 25
Methodist, 8 Presbyterian, 1 Protestant. 2 Reform, 1 Dunkard and 1 United
Brethren. One thousand and ten had attended Sabbath-school; many, of
course, only for a brief period and in very early youth, while 196 never had
any religious training. The educational records show 108 illiterate, 104 read
only, 566 read and write, 338 common-school education and 90 high school.
Their habits" of life were: Intemperate, 338; moderate drinkers, 545; abstinent,
323. The social record is as follows: Both parents living, 408; both parents
dead, 326; father dead, 303; mother dead, 154; unknown, 15; 241 lost father
before 10 years of age; 188 lost father between 10 and 18 years; 154 lost
mother before 10 years of age; 140 lost mother between 10 and 18 years; 80
left home under 10 years of age; 273 left home between 10 and 15. The
prison has a Sabbath-school, with an enrollment of over 1,000 members; there
are Sabbath-afternoon prayer meetings, and there is a library containing
about 12,000 volumes. Stone-cutting, barrel-making, harness making, tailor-
ing, shoe-making, and, in fact, nearly all trades are earned on inside the
walls. Visitors are admitted under certain restrictions.
528 GUIDE TO CHICAGO
Illinois State Reform School. Located at Pontiac, 92 miles southwest of
Chicago. Take Jllinois Central, Chicago & Alton or Wabash railroads.
Average number of inmates, about 325. Cost of maintenance, about f 50,000
per annum. The manual training system is in operation here. The inmates
are boys sent by the courts generally on complaint of parents who can not
control them.
TRIBUTARY CITIES AND TOWNS.
The following are the principal cities and towns of the West, Southwest
and Northwest, tributary to Chicago, with their distances from this city, the
railroad lines by which they may be reached and their respective populations
according to the census of 1890:
Cincinnati. The largest and most important city in Ohio; county seat of
Hamilton Co.; extends along the river a distance of 10 miles; average width,
3 miles; area, 24 square miles. Free public library contains 137,972 volumes
and 15,565 pamphlets; reached by Baltimore & Ohio, Cleveland, Cincin-
nati, Chicago & St. Louis and Chicago & Erie. Population (1890), 296,309.
Cleveland. The county seat of Cuyahoga, Ohio; on the southern shore
of Lake Erie, 365 miles east of Chicago. A beautiful and prosperous city,
with great commercial inteiests. One of the finest avenues in the world
Euclid may be seen here. In Lake View Cemetery the body of the late
President Garfield is interred. A monument costing $250,000 has been
erected to his memory. Reached by Lake Shore & Michigan Southern, Cleve-
land, Cincinnati, Chicago & St. Louis and Chicago & Erie railroads. Popu-
lation (1890), 261,546.
Columbus. Situated on the Sciota river, 116 miles northeast of Cincin-
nati. County seat of Franklin and capital of Ohio. Has large coal, iron
manufacturing and general commercial interests. Beautifully situated, well,
laid out and handsomely built. Reached by Baltimore & Ohio, Cleveland,
Columbus, Cincinnati & Indianapolis and Chicago, St. Louis & Pittsburg
railroads. Population (1890), 90,000.
Council Bluffs. Situated on the left bank of the Missouri river, in Iowa,
opposite Omaha, in Nebraska; on the line of the great continental railway
from Chicago to San Francisco; about amile east of Omaha. Two of the finest
iron bridges in the country span the Missouri river. Reached by the Chicago
& North- Western, Chicago, Rock Island & Pacific, Chicago, Burlington &
Quincy and Chicago, Milwaukee & St. Paul railroads. Population (1890),
18,063.
Des Moines. Capital of Iowa; county seat of Polk county; 138 miles
east of Omaha; 357 miles west of Chicago; comprises an area of 8 square
miles; nearly equally divided by the Des Moines river, flowin-g north and
south; the west side being again divided by the Racoon river, which here
joins the former. On the east side is erected the State capitol on an elevated
site, surrounded by a 10-acre park. State library contains 30,000 volumes.
Reached by Chi 'ago & North- Western, Chicago, Burlington & Quincy,
Chicago, Rock Island & Pacific, Chicago, St. P"aul & Kansas City and
Wabash railroads. Population (1890), 50 000.
THE ENCYCLOPEDIA. 529
Detroit. Principal city of the State of Michigan; county seat of Wayne
county. Detroit stretches along the Detroit river six and one-half miles,
reaching back two and three -fourths miles. On the opposite shore is Windsor,
Canada. Detroit is one of the most beautiful and most prosperous cities in
the West. It has immense manufacturing and railroad interests. Reached
by Michigan Central, Chicago & Grand Trunk, Lake Shore & Michigan
Southern and Wabash railroads. Population (1890), 205,669.
At Detroit is located Victor Colliau's new improved Hot Blast Cupola
works, situated at 287 Jefferson ave. The improvements made by Victor
Colliau have overcome the difficulties which stood in the way of those
engaged in melting iron a few years since. The melting of twenty-five tons
at one heat and at a rate greater than three or four tons an hour was unknown,
and the melting of three or four pounds of iron with one pound of coke was
considered a very satisfactory result. Large castings could not be made
and it was considered a great foundry that melted five to six tons a day. The
New Improved Patented Hot Blast Cupola has surmounted all difficulties,
and Victor Colliau is now melting from sixty to one hundred and ten tons a
day, in some of them at a speed of fifteen to twenty tons an hour, and ten to
thirteen pounds of iron to the pound of coke. This is a wonderful advance-
ment, but Mr. Colliau is now building and will be prepared to show the
visitor to Detroit during 1892 a cupola that will melt twenty-five tons per
hour. Correspondence is solicited for plans of foundries and the economi-
cal working of cupolas, the saving of fuel in melting iron and steel and in
the production of steam. Those visiting Detroit who are interested in the
iron and steel melting business should seethe works of Victor Colliau.
Galena. County seat of Jo Daviess county, 111.; 180 miles west north-
west of Chicago. It is the commercial depot of an extensive district; owes
its prosperity to the species of lead from which it takes its name, and the
mines of which surround it, underlying, more or less densely, an area of over
1,500,000 acres. In 1829 the first load was conveyed overland to Chicago.
Galena was for many years the home of Gen. U. S. Grant. Here he worked
in his father's tannery and leather store when he offered his services to the
country at the outbreak of the rebellion. His old home still stands, and the
citizens of Galena have erected a handsome monument to his memory.
Reached by Chicago & North- Western and Illinois Central railroads. Popu-
lation (1890), 6,403.
Galesburg. County seat of Knox county, 111. ; 163 miles west southwest of
Chicago, at the junction of branches of the C., B. & Q. R. R.,in a very fertile
farming district. Knox College and Lombard College are situated here.
Reached by Chicago, Burlington & Quincy railroad. Population (1890), 15,212.
Indianapolis. Capital of Indiana; 194 miles southeastof Chicago; altitude,
148 feet above Lake Erie. It extends four miles in length, three miles wide.
Public library contains 36,461 volumes. Marion county Court House is in
the heart of the city; built of Indiana limestone, interior of iron and marble;
is 150x286 feet, and 240 feet to the top of dome. Magnificent new State
capitol buiding also here. Reached by Cleveland, Cincinnati, Chicago & St.
Louis (" Big Four"); Chicago & Erie, and Louisville, New Albany & Chicago
railroads. Population (1890), 125,000.
Jackson. Chief city of Jackson county, Mich.; situated en the Grand
river, seventy five miles west of Detroit; reached by Chicago & Grand Trunk
and Michigan Central railroads. Population (1890), 16,105.
630 GUIDE TO CHICAGO.
Jacksonville. Chief city of Morgan county, 111.; about 200 miles south
southwest of Chicago. Public buildings include State institutes for the
blind, the deaf and dumb. Reached by Chicago & Alton and Wabash rail-
roads. Population (1890), 12,357.
Kansas City. Second city of the State of Missouri; situated in Jackson
county, on the right bank of the Missouri river, 235 miles west by north
from St. Louis; 488 miles southwest of Chicago. The river is crossed at this
point by a bridge 1,387 feet long, resting on seven piers. Is a great railroad,
cattle and commercial center. Was laid out in 1830, but its growth dates
from 1860. Reached by Atchison, Topeka & Santa Fe, Chicago & Alton,
Cjricago, Burlington & Quincy, Chicago, Milwaukee & St. Paul, Wabash &
Chicago, Rock Island & Pacific railroads. Population (I860), 4,418; (1890)
105,000.
Keokuk. Chief city, Lee county, la., situated on the west bank of the
Mississippi, in the extreme southeast corner of the State (whence its name
" Gate City"). A canal, nine miles long, round the lower rapids of the Mis-
sissippi, which formerly obstructed navigation, has been constructed by
the United States government, at a cost of $8,000,000. Is a port of entry,
reached by the Chicago, Burlington & Quincy and Chicago, Rock Island &
Pacific railroads. Population (1890), 14,075.
Leaoenworth. Largest city in Kansas. Situated on the bluff at the right
bank of the Missouri river. In 1854 the first street was laid out; in 1864
the taxable property amounted to $4,103,562. Two miles above the city is
Fort Leaven worth. The government reservation has a river frontage of six
miles; depth, one mile; reached by Atchison, Topeka & Santa Fe and Chi-
cago, Rock Island & Pacific railroads.
Lincoln. County seat of Lancaster county, and capital of Nebraska.
State University, State Prison, Insane Asylum and Home for the Friendless
are all situated here; reached by the Chicago, Burlington & Quincy rairoad.
Louisville The most important city in the State of Kentucky; situated
on the south bank of the Ohio river, 323 miles east of south of Chicago.
The city has an area of thirteen square miles, aiid a water front of eight
miles. It is a handsomely Built city, and the most northern of the southern
group. The city has large steamboat, manufacturing and commercial int^r-
ests. Reached by Pittstmrg, Cincinnati, Chicago & St. Louis and Lo"is-
ville, New Albany & Chicago (' ' Monon route ") railroads. Population (1890),
185,756.
Milwaukee. The largest city in the State of Wisconsin; situated on the
shore of Lake Michigan, eighty-five miles north of Chicago. The Milwau-
kee and Menouionee rivers unite in the center of the business portion of the
city. A bay six miles from cape to cape, and three miles broad stretches in
front of the city, which commands a tine water view. The material used
for building is largely the cream-colored brick made in the vicinity, from
which Milwaukee is sometimes called the " Cream City." Population (1890),
204,150. Among other things for which Milwaukee is noted are her immense
breweries, which find a market for their product in every part of the world.
Thecityis beautifully built, and the visitor will enjoy atripup there. Reached
by the Chicago & North- Western, Chicago, Milwakee& St. Paul and Wiscon-
sin Central railroads, the time necessary being only three hours.
THE ENCYCLOPEDIA. 531
THE PLANKINTON. The " Cream City," as it has been named, is noted
for its large number of German residents, its immense breweries and the
Plankinton House. The Plankinton, a model hotel, is centrally located on
Grand avenue, occupying almost an entire block and contains about 450
rooms. The floor of the large office is now being relaid with marble. The
reading room is very commodious and contains many handsome works of art
in the way of pictures, etc. The billiard room is being refitted and when the
alterations and furnishings are completed will be very attractive. Ten fine
tables of the Brunswick-Balke-Collender company's manufacture will be
placed in this room. Manager Chase always keeps a sharp lookout for the
comfort and entertainment of the guests, and that his efforts are success-
ful is shown by the large list of daily arrivals' at all seasons of the year.
During the past three months Mr. Chase has purchased over twelve hundred
choice etchings and engravings, all of which have been very tastily framed,
and he is now busily engaged in having them placed in the public and guest
rooms throughout the hotel. The idea is a good one and will be appreciated
by the patrons of the Plankinton. This hotel is noted for its excellent cui-
sine, for which it deserves a great deal of praise, also for the prompt service
in the dining re orri.
THE PIIENIX LUMRER COMPANY. The Phenix Lumber Company com-
menced business as a firm under this name in 1884, and incorporated three
years ago. In its infancy it occupied a yard 50x150 feet, was enlarged to
100x325 feet, again to 150x325 feet, and again to 200x325 feet, and this year
again enlarged, until now it leases 122,000 square feet, giving it excellent
dock and rail facilities. The growth of its yard represents the growth of
the hardwood lumber business during the last eight years. They do business
in Wisconsin, Illinois, Iowa, Nebraska, Ohio, Indiana, Tennessee, Missouri
and Mississippi.
It handles about twenty different kinds of lumber, and does ihe largest
wholesale hardwood business in Milwaukee. The officers of the company are
F. H. White, president; Geo. C. White, Jr., secretary and treasurer. Loca-
tion of offices and yards, North Canal street, foot of Seventeenth street.
Minneapolis. The county seat of Hennepin county, Minn., situated on
both banks of the Mississippi, at the falls of St. Anthony, 420 miles north-
west of Chicago. The east side was settled first under the name of St.
Anthony, which was incorporated as a city in 1860. The west side settle-
ment, named Minneapolis, incorporated as a city in 1867. In 1872 both were
united under the name of Minneapolis. The falls supply abundant water
power for a number of flour and lumber mills. Minneapolis is one of the
most beautiful and prosperous cities in the Northwest. It is magnificently
laid out and built in a substantial and tasteful manner. Of later years its
growth, population and commerce have been phenomenal. Reached by Chi-
cago & North- Western; Chicago, Milwaukee & St. Paul; Chicago, St. Paul
& Kansas City; Chicago, St. Paul & Minneapolis and Wisconsin Central
railroads. Population (1890), 164,780.
Omaha. Largest city in the State of Nebraska, situated on the west bank
of the Missouri river, 490 miles west of Chicago. Omaha is practically the
Eastern terminus of the Union Pacific railway system; here are located the
largest smelting and refining works in the world. The city lias immense
puttie, lumber, manufacturing and commercial interests. It has grown
532 GUIDE TO CHICAGO.
wonderfully during recent years. Reached by Chicago & North- Western;
Chicago, Milwaukee& St. Paul; Chicago, Rock Island & Pacific and Chicago,
Burlington & Quincy railroads. Population (1890), 134,742.
Quincy. County seat of Adams county, 111.; situated 125 feet above low-
water mark on the east bank of the Mississippi, the extreme western point of
the State. The river is crossed by a great railroad bridge. By water, Quincy
is 160 miles above St. Louis; by rail, 263 miles southwest of Chicago.
Reached by Chicago, Burlington & Quincy railroad. Population (1890), 31,478.
St. Joseph. County seat of Buchanan county, Mo., and largest city in
the northwestern part of that State, 260 miles northwest of St. Louis, 500
miles southwest of Chicago. A beautiful city on the east bank of the Mis-
souri river, which at this point is spanned by a bridge. St. Joseph is a great
wholesale center and is said to be one of the wealthiest cities in the West.
The town is handsomely built. Reached by Chicago, Rock Island & Pacific,
Chicago, Burlington & Quincy; Chicago, St. Paul & Kansas City and Atchi-
son. Topeka & Santa Fe railroads. Population (1890), about 70,000.
St. Louis. Chief city of Missouri, situated on the west side of the Mis-
sissippi river, twenty miles below its confluence with the Missouri; 283 miles
southwest of Chicago. The extreme length, in a straight line, 17 miles; the
greatest width, 6.60 miles; length of river frontage, 19.15 miles; area (includ-
ing considerable territory at present suburban in character), 62^ square
miles. St. Louis is one of the handsomest cities in America and one of the
most progressive. In point of population it ranks the fifth in the United
States. There are two bridges across the Mississippi river at this point, one
of them being a magnificent steel structure and ranking among the greatest
in the world. St. Louis has some beautiful parks and public gardens,
magnificent business streets, elegant residences, tine public buildings, and is
altogether a city which the visitor should not fail to see. Reached by
Chicago & Alton, Illinois Central and Wabash railroads. Population (1890),
460,357.
St. Paul. Capital of Minnesota, county seat of Ramsey county, a port
of entry, situated on the Mississippi river, 2,150 miles from its mouth, ten
miles below St. Anthony's Falls; 360 miles northwest of Chicago. The ground
on arhich the city is built rises from the river in a series of terraces. Two
lines of steamers ply between St. Paul and St. Louis and intermediate points;
the navigable season lastssix months; reached by Chicago & North- Western,
Chicago, Milwaukee & St. Paul, Wisconsin Central, Chicago, Burlington
& Quincy and Chicago, St. Paul & Kansas City railroads; population, 1890,
133,156.
Springfield. Capital of Illinois; county seat of Sangamon county; laid
out 1822; selected as State Capital 1837; chartered as a city 1840; 185 miles
southwest of Chicago. Take Chicago & Alton, Illinois Central or Wabash
train. Principal attractions: State Capitol, erected 1866-68, constructed of
Joliet marble in the form of Greek Cross, with portico of granite, 385 feet
long, 296 wide; has central dome, surmounted by a lantern with a ball on the
pinnacle, 360 feet high; contains a General and Law Library, geological and
agricultural museums, State Senate and Representative halls and State
offices. Lincoln Monument at Oak Ridge Cemetery, erected 1874, designed
by Larkin G. Mead, consists of a granite obelisk, height, 98% feet from
center of spacious basement (119} feet long, 72^ feet wide), which contain^
O
C
JC P
O ^
> o.
O S
jo n
5. 2 >
8' M S.
71 B
p ' <
^ ^
CD
>
r
r
o
O
THE ENCYCLOPEDIA. 633
a catacomb in which is entombed the body of Abraham Lincoln, and a
memorial hall. A bronze statue of Lincoln and four groups of figures in
bronze, symbolizing the Army and Navy of the United States, are arranged
around the base of the obelisk. Lincoln's old homestead is also to be seen
here. Reached by Chicago, Alton & St. Louis, Illinois Central and Wabash.
& St. Louis railroads. Population, 1890, 24,852.
Tributary Towns. The following are the towns of Illinois, Indiana,
Iowa, Michigan and Wisconsin, immediately tributary to Chicago, not
included above, with their populations according to the census of 1890: ILLI-
NOIS: Aurora, 19,634; Belleville, 15,360; Bloomington, 20,000; Cairo, 14,000;
Canton, 5,589; Champaign, 5,827; Danville, 11,528; Decatur, 16,841; Dixon,
5,149; E. St. Louis, 15,156; Elgin, 17,429; Freeport. 11,000; Galena, 6,406;
Joliet, 27,407; Lincoln, 6,125; Litchfleld, 5,798; Mattoon, 6,829; Moline,
ll,995;Monmouth, 5,837; Ottawa, 11,500; Paris, 5,049; Peoria, 40,758; Rock-
ford, 23,589; Rock Island. 13,596; Sterling, 5,822; Streator, 6,120. INDIANA:
Anderson, 10,759; Brazil, 5,902; Columbus, 6,705; Crawfordsville, 6,086; Elk-
hart, 11,000; Evaosville, 50,674; Ft. Wayne, 35,349; Goshen, 6,027, Hunt-
ingtou, 7,300; Jeffersonville, 11,274; Kokomo, 8,224; Lafayette, 16,407; La-
Porte, 7,122; Logansport, 13,798; Madison, 8,923; Marion, 8,724; Michigan
City, 10,704; Muncie, 11,339; New Albany, 21,000; Peru, 6,731 ; Princeton,
6,494; Richmond, 16,849; Seymour. 5,337; Shelbyville, 5,449; South Bend,
21,786; Terre Haute, 30,287; Valparaiso, 5,083; Vincennes, 8,815; Wabash,
5,196; Washington, 6,052. IOWA: Boone, 6,518; Burlington, 22,528; Cedar
Rapids, 17,997; Clinton. 13,629; Creston, 9,120; Davenport, 25,161; Dubuque,
30,147; Ft. Madison, 7,906; Iowa City, 5,628; Lyons, 5,791; Marshalltown,
9,308; Muscatine, 11,432; Qskaloosa, 7,300: Ottumwa, 13,996; Sioux City,
37,862; Waterloo, 6,679. MICHIGAN: Adrian, 9,239; Alpena, 11,228; Ann
Arbor, 9,509; Battle Creek, 13,000; Bay City, 27,826; Big Rapids, 5,265; Che-
boygan, 6,244; Coldwater, 5,462; Escanaba, 8,000; Flint, 9,845; Grand Rapids,
64,147; Isnpemtng, 11,184; Kalamazoo, 17,857; Lansing, 12,630; Ludington,
7.199; Manistee,'i2,799; Marquette, 9,096; Menominee, 10,606; Monroe, 5,246;
Muskegon, 22,688; Negaunee, 6,061; Owosso, 6,544; Pontiac, 6,243; Pt.
Huron, 13,519; Saginaw, 46,215; W. Bay City, 12.910; Ypsilanti, 6,128.
WISCONSIN: Appleton, 11,8^5; Ashland, 16,000; Beloit, 6,276; Chippewa
Falls, 8,520; Eau Claire, 17,438; Fond du Lac, 11,942; Green Bay, 8,879;
Janesville, 10,631; Kenosha, 6,529; La Crpsse, 25,053; Madison, 13,392; Man-
itowoc, 7,525; Marinette, 11,513; Meuominee, 5,485; Neenah, 5,076; Oconto,
5,221; Oshkosh, 22,753; Portage, 5,130; Racine, 21,022; Sheboygan, 16,341;
Stevens Point, 7,888; Watertown, 8,870, Waukesha, 7,475; Wausau, 9,251;
Superior, 13,000.
WATER TRANSPORTATION LAKE.
A large number of steamers ply between this city and points on all of the
lakes, and on the St. Lawrence river during the summer season. These in
many instances carry passengers. In general, however, the visitor will take
the following lines:
Graham & Morton Transportation Co. Dock foot of Wabash avenue.
Steamers leave for St. Joseph and Benton Harbor daily, at 9:30 A. M. and 11.30
p, M., arriving at St. Joseph at 1:30 p. M. and 3 A. M. " 10 A. M. Sundays only,
534 GUIDE TO CHICAGO.
arriving at 2 p. M. Single fare $1. Meals extra. Berths extra on City of
Chicago. Daily excursion from Chicago, returning same day, $1. Sunday
excursions on the City of Chicago, $1.50. Close connections are made at St.
Joseph and Benton Harbor with the Chicago & West Michigan Ry. for points
north and east, including all points on the Detroit, Lansing & Northern Ry.;
with the Cincinnati, Wauash & Michigan and Vandalia Systems for points
south and east. Also with the steamer May Graham for Berrien Springs and
other points on the picturesque St. Joseph river. This company does not
guarantee to run on the above time, but reserves the right to vary therefrom
without notice. J. H. Graham, president; J. S. Morton, secretary and treas-
urer; G. S. Whitslar, general passenger agent. This company owns the mag-
nificent steel side- wheel steamer City of Chicago and two large, elegantly-fitted
propellers. The trip to St. Joseph aud Benton Harbor is a delightful one. On
the Michigan side of the lake there are many attractive and healthful summer
resorts.
Goodrich Line. The pioneer and leading line of lake steamers, compris-
ing the most elegant, most modern, as well as the safest steamships which ply
Lake Michigan. Founded in 1856 by Capt. A. E. Goodiich, and ten years later
incorporated under the laws of Wisconsin. Docks foot of Michigan avenue. The
steamers of the Goodrich Transportation Company ply between Chicago and
all ports on Lake Michigan and Green Bay, forming regular lines during the
navigation season as follows: Racine and Milwaukee, daily morning and
evening lines; Sheboygan and Manitowoc, daily evening line; Sturgeon Bay
and Menominee, daily evening line; Grand Haven and Muskegon, daily eve-
ning line; Green Bay and Manistique, semi-weekly. The latest additions to
the fleet, tne steamships "City of Racine," "Indiana," "Atlanta," and the
steel twin screw steamship "Virginia," are evidences that the ccmpanyis
determined to keep up with the times in providing everything that will add to
the comfort and pleasure of the traveling public. The "Muskegon" is a
steamer of 900 tons, the "Chicago," "Menominee" and the "City of Luding-
ton," 1,000 tons each; the "Atlanta," "City of Racine" and "Indiada," 1,200
tons each; and the "Virginia," the queen of the fleet, 2,500 tons.
The "Virginia" is the finest passenger steamship on the Lake. It was
built to order by the Globe Iron Works, and is pronounced by the Marine
Review (a recognized authority in all matters relating to the construction aud
equipment of vessels) to be, not only the trimmest and most elegantly appointed
passenger steamship built, but more than that, the finest ship that flies the
American flag. The none too extravagent expressions about her yacht-like
and sylph-like mold (it adds) are all contained in the fact that her per cent, of
fullness or co-efficient is .61, fully .15 less than any large steamer on the
lakes, and equal to the finest lined ocean steamship. The dimensions of the
hull are 278 feet over all, 260 feet keel, 38 feet beam and 25 feet deep. The
water bottom (divided into six sections, three on either side) contains a tank
that will hold 4,500 gallons of fresh -water.
The hull has six water-tight bulkheads in addition to the collision and
stuffing box bulkheads, so that if the boat should be cut squarely in two,
both ends would float. On the topmost deck, aft the texes or wheel-house,
ate the observation cabins one for gentlemen and one for ladies. The twin
screws are turned by two sets of inverted triple expansion engines, each with
cylinders twenty, thirty and fifty-two inches by thirty-six inch stroke. Steam
is supplied by two double-ended boilers of thirteen feet diameter by twenty-
one feet two inches long, having twelve furnaces, and being equal to four
THE ENCYCLOPEDIA. 535
thirteen-foot boilers twelve feet long. The engines, making 130 revolutions,
will drive the boat nineteen miles an hour. Eight auxiliary engines run the
two dynamos, the air pump, pumping machinery, steerage gear, etc. Each
state-room has four berths, two of which are contained in the regular berths,
but can be pulled out into the cabin. The berths are hung with curtains
similar to those of a Pullman sleeper, but of richer texture and of different
colors. A scene of oriental splendor is produced by the 800 incandescent
lights shining from every nook of the cabins.
The dining saloon is located in the forward hole-space, and is reached
by a solid mahogany staircase leading from the forward end of the main
cabin. The first stairway extends from the cabin to a hallway on the main
deck. This hallway is finished in mahogany, and from it the'stairway con-
tinues to the saloon. The saloon is about fifty-five feet long, has an average
width of about twenty-four feet, and is fourteen feet high. The ceiling is
divided into panels about four by six feet, filled with Lincrusta-Walton. and
in the center of each panel is an electric light pendant. In addition to these
lights three electroliers are hung from the central beam runningfore-and-aft
through the saloon. Daylight and fresh air are admitted to the saloonthrough
twenty large brass "dead-lights," each of which is concealed from view by
a screen of stained glass. An electric light is placed behind each of these
screens in such a manner that when the screens are closed and the lights are
in operation the effect is that of the most brilliant sunlight passing through
the stained glass. This arrangement is entirely original and the result very
pleasing. The sides, after end and a portion of the forward end (embracing
the lower stairway and entrance to the saloon) are finished in Moorish fret
work, worked out in rich mahogany and backed at a distance by mahogany
panel work. With the exception of the mahogany the entire saloon is finished
in the tasteful and fashionable style of decoration known as "ivory and gold."
The matter of ventilation has been carefully considered, and the saloon will
be kept supplied with fresh air and relieved from all odors of cookery by
means of large ventilating fans, which will discharge all the foul air into the
furnaces under the boilers. Altogether the dining saloon is unique in design
and decoration, and is without question unexcelled in convenience, comfort
and beauty. .
An important feature is the system of transverse frames of the bulkheads,
which give the main a high degree of stiffness and stability, the result
being the elimination of that disagreeable vibration and jarring movement
experienced on most steamers that induces wakefulness. This superb vessel
was not intended (as at first thought it might seem) for the exclusive and pri-
vate pleasure of a party of millionaires, but for the enjoyment of the people
of Chicago and Milwaukee who patronize the Goodrich line, although no
millionaire who travels on it will miss the comforts of his palatial home. The
Virginia leaves Chicago daily during the season at 9 A. M. , and, including a
stop at Racine, will make the run to Milwaukee in five and a half hours;
returning, she leaves Milwaukee at 7 P. M. The opportunity is thus afforded
thousands of residents of either city to breathe the pure Lake Michigan air
for a day and enjoy a most delightful trip, for a sum that is insignificant com-
pared with the expense of a journey by rail.
Lake M. and Lake 8, Trans. Go. The Lake Michigan and Lake Superior
Transportation Co., incorporated under the laws of the State of Illiroisin
1879, is the successor of the old Pioneer lines, established some thirty-five
536 GUIDE TO CHICAGO.
years ago, and is now the only line operating freight and passenger steamers
between Chicago and Duluth, the head of Lake Superior. Steamers sail from
Chicago regularly every Wednesday and Saturday evening at 8.30, and call at
Mackinac Island, Sault Ste. Marie, Marquette, and all ports in the world-
renowned iron and copper district of Lake Superior. During the spring and
fall months this company devotes its entire attention to the freight business,
contracting not only for freight to local points on their route, but is making
great strides in the direction of through freight to points in the great Northwest
as far as the Pacific coast. The summer months are principally devoted to its
passenger business, which, during the last few years, has grown to enormous
proportions, partially owing to the famous northern summer resorts, that are
reached regularly twice a week. The steamers of this line are commodious,
elegantly furnished, and rank among the best on the inland seas. The
wharf is located near Rush street bridge, and is the most convenient to the
business center of the city.
PART IV.
THE WORLD'S COLUMBIAN EXPOSITION.
The buildings of the World's Columbian Exposition, as provided by Act
of Congress, will be dedicated on October 12, 1892, the recognized anniver-
sary of the discovery of America by Christopher Columbus. The Exposi-
tion, which will be the greatest universal fair the world has ever seen,
will be formally opened to the public on May 1, 1893. The gates will
be closed on October 26, 1893. Everything will be in readiness for each
of these events. The preparations for the dedicatory ceremonies have been
made upon an elaborate scale, and the great buildings of the Exposition
will be completed and opened for the reception of exhibits at the time named.
From October 12, 1892, to May 1, 1893, the work of receiving and placing
exhibits, and in making ready generally for the opening of the display will be
carried on without intermission. The status of the World's Fair in the spring
of 1892 is presented in the following pages. For additional information
regarding the subjects treated here the visitor is referred to the "HANDBOOK
OF THE WORLD'S COLUMBIAN EXPOSITION," compiled by John J. Flinn, and
published by THE STANDARD GUIDE COMPANY. This work is on sale in all
parts of the world.
ADMINISTRATION.
The World's Columbian Exposition is conducted under a joint adminis-
tration consisting of what is known as "The National Commission" and
"The Local Board." From these two organizations is also chosen, aside
from the executive officers, what is known as " The Board of Reference and
Control," to which is submitted questions arising in either of the governing
Boards, for adjustment or final settlement. The affairs of the Local Board
are conducted by committees. The affairs of the Exposition management,
proper, are conducted by Bureaus, each Bureau having a chief. Herewith
is presented a full directory of the Exposition organization, National, Local,
Executive, etc.
World's Columbian Commission. Headquarters, Rand & McNally Build-
ing. Officers: President, Thomas W. Palmer, Detroit, Mich., Room 417,
Rand & McNally Bldg., Chicago; secretary, John T. Dickinson, Austin,
Texas, Room 415, Rand & McNally Bldg., Chicago; president of the board
of lady managers, Mrs. Potter Palmer, Room 409, Rand & McNally Bldg.,
Chicago; secretary of the board of lady managers, Mrs. Susan G. Cooke,
Room 409, Rand & McNally Bldg., Chicago; director-general, George R.
Davis, Room 410, Rand & McNally Bldg., Chicago.
f-37
538 GUIDE TO CHICAGO.
BOARD OF REFERENCE AND CONTROL. Thomas W. Palmer, of Michigan,
president; James A. McKenzie, of Kentucky, vice-chairman Executive Com-
mittee; George V. Massey, of Delaware; William Lindsay, of Kentucky; M.
H. de Young, of California; Thomas M. Waller, of Connecticut; Elijah B.
Martindale, of Indiana; J. W. St. Clair, of West Virginia.
COMMISSIONERS. The World's Columbian Commission consists of "eight
conimissiojers at large" and eight alternates appointed by the president of
the United States, and two Commissioners and two alternates from each of
the States and Territories, appointed by the governors of States, and two
commissioners and two alternates from the District of Columbia, appointed
by the President of the United States. These commissioners are selected
equally from each of the two great poliiical parties of the country.
Officers of the Local Board. Headquarters, Rand & McNally Building,
Adams near La Salle street. President, William T. Baker; vice-presidents,
Thomas B. Bryan and Potter Palmer; secretary and solicitor-general, Btnja-
min Butterworth; assistant secretary, J. H. Kingwill; treasurer, Anthony F.
Seeberger; auditor, William K. Ackerman; traffic manager, E. E. Jaycox.
BOARD OF REFERENCE AND CONTROL. Wm. T. Baker, Thos. B. Bryan,
Potter Palmer, Lyman J. Gage, Edwin Walker, Ferd W. Peck, Fred S. Win-
ston, Harlow N. Higinbotham.
EXECUTIVE COMMITTEE. William T. Baker, Thomas B. Brvan, Potter
Palmer, Ferdinand W. Peck, W. D. Kerfoot, Edwin Walker, A. H. Revell,
Chas. H. Schwab, Charles L. Hutchinson, Robert C. Clowry, Robert A.
Waller, Lyman J. Gage, Harlow N. Higinbotham, John J. P. Odell, Martin
A. Ryerson.
FINANCE COMMITTEE. Ferd W. Peck, chairman; E. G. Keith, Lyman J.
Gage, John J. P. Odell, H. N. Higinbotham.
GROUNDS AND BUILDINGS COMMITTEE. Lyman J. Gage, chairman; E. F.
Lawrence, Charles H. Schwab, H. B. Stone, R. C. Clowry, W. P. Ketcham,
G. W. Saul.
LEGISLATIVE COMMITTEE. Edwin Walker, chairman; Fred S. Winston,
Egbert Jamieson, Andrew McNally, Ferd W. Peck.
AGRICULTURE COMMITTEE. W. D. Kerfoot, chairman; E. F. Lawrence,
Theis J. Letens, Geo. Schneider, I. N. Camp.
MINES, MINING, FORESTRY AND FISH COMMITTEE. Charles H. Schwab,
chairman; Wm. J. Chalmers, John C. Welling, Robert Nelson, Bernard E.
Sunny.
PRESS AND PRINTING COMMITTEE. Alexander H. Revell, chairman;
Milton W. Kirk, Edward B. Butler, Paul O. Stensland, George Schneider.
TRANSPORTATION COMMITTEE. George B. Harris, Edward P. Ripley,
George W. Saul, John C. Welling, C. H. Chappell.
FINE ART COMMITTEE. Charles L. Hutchinson, Chairman; James W.
Ellsworth, Potter Palmer, Charles T. Yerkes, Martin A. Ryerson.
LIBERAL ARTS COMMITTEE. Robert A. Waller, Chairman; Isaac N.
Camp, Alexander H. Revell, Egbert Jamieson, Charles L. Hutchinson.
ELECTRICITY, ELECTRICAL AND PNEUMATIC APPLIANCES COMMITTEE.
Robert C. Clowry, Chairman; Bernard E. Sunny, Charles H. Wacker, Robert
Nelson, C. K. G. Billings.
MANUFACTURES AND MACHINERY COMMITTEE. John J. P. Odell, Chair-
man; Andrew McNally, Adolph Nathan, Elbridge G. Keith, A. M. Roths-
child.
WORLD'S COLUMBIAN EXPOSITION. 589
WAYS AND MEANS COMMITTEE. Harlow N. Higinbotham, Chairman;
Lyman J. Gage, Edward F. Lawrence, Adolph Nathan, Charles H. Wacker,
Win. J. Chalmers, Robert A. Waller, Franklin H. Head. Edward B. Butler,
Wm. D. Kerfoot, George Schneider, Edward P. Ripley, Milton W. Kirk.
FOREIGN EXHIBITS COMMITTEE. Martin A. Ryerson, Chairman; James
W. Ellsworth, Harlow N. Higinbotham, T. J. Lefens, Franklin H. Head.
SPECIAL COMMITTEE ON CEREMONIES Edward F. Lawrence, Chairman;
James W. Ellsworth, Charles T. Yerkes, Ferd. W Peck, Charles H. Schwab,
Charles H. Wacker, William D. Kerfoot, Charles L. Hutchinson.
DIRECTORS. William T. Baker, C. K. G. Billings, Thomas B. Bryan,
Edward B. Butler, Isaac N. Camp, William J. Chalmers, Robert C. Clowry,
George R. Davis, James W. Ellsworth, Lyman J. Gage, George B. Harris,
Franklin H. Head, H. N. Higinbotham, Charles L.. Hutchinson, Egbert
Jamieson, Elbridge G. Keith, William D. Kerfoot, William P. Ketcham,
Milton W. Kirk, G. H. Chappell, Edward F. Lawrence, Thies J. Lefens,
Andrew McNally, Adolph Nathan, Robert Nelson, John J. P. Odell, Potter
Palmer, Ferd W. Peck, Alexander H. Revell, Edward P. Ripley, A. M.
Rothschild, Martin A. Ryerson, George W. Saul, George Schneider, Charles
H. Schwab, Paul O. Stensland, Henry B. Stone, Bernard E. Sunny, Charles
H. Wacker, Edwin Walker, Robert A. Waller, Hempstead Washburne, John
C. Welling, Frederick S. Winston. Charles T. Yerkes.
Executive Department. Headquarters Rand & McNally building. George
R. Davis, director -general. Office, No. 404.
DEPARTMENT A. Agriculture, food and food products, farming
machinery and appliances, W. I. Buchanan, chief.
DEPARTMENT B. Horticulture, J. M. Samuels, chief; horticultural
division, John Thorp, chief.
DEPARTMENT C. Live Stock, domestic and wild animals, E. W. Cot-
terell, chief. <
DEPARTMENT D. Fish, fisheries, fish products and apparatus for fishing
J. W. Collins, chief.
DEPARTMENT E. Mines, mining and metallurgy, Frederick J. V. Skiff,
chief.
DEPARTMENT F. Machinery, L. W. Robinson, chief.
DEPARTMENT G. Transportation exhibits, railways, vessels and vehicles,
Willard A. Smith, chief.
DEPARTMENT H. Manufactures, J. M. Allison, chief.
DEPARTMENT J. Electricity and electrical appliances, J. P. Barrett,
chief.
DEPARTMENT K. Fine arts, pictorial, plastic and decorative, Halsey C.
Ives, chief.
DEPARTMENT L. Liberal arts, education, engineering, public works,
architecture, music and the drama, S. H. Peabody, chief.
DEPARTMENT M. Ethnology, archaeology, progress of labor and inven-
tion, isolated and collective exhibits, F. W. Putman, chief.
DEPARTMENT N. Forestry and forest products, Thomas B. Keogh,
acting chief.
DEPARTMENT O. Publicity and promotion, Moses P. Handy, chief.
DEPARTMENT P. Foreign affairs, Walker Fearn, chief; secretary of
installation, Joseph Hirst.
BUREAU OF CONSTRUCTION". D. H. Burnham, chief; A. Gotlieb, chief
engineer; F. L. Olmsted & Co., landscape architects. Offices; No. 1143
Rookery building.
640 6tnbE to
BOARD OF ARCHITECTS. By recommendation of the committee on
grounds and buildings, approved by t'he Board of Directors at its meeting of
January 9, 1891, the following architects were constituted a board to decide,
in conference with the chief of construction, upon the preliminary problems
in anangement and grouping of buildings and their architecture, submitted
to them: Robert M. Hunt of New York, W. L. Jenny of Chicago, McKirn,
Mead & White of New York, Adler & Sullivan of Chicago, George B. Post
of New York, Henry Ives Cobb of Chicago, Peabody & Stearns of Boston, S.
S. Beman of Chicago, and Van Brunt & Howe of Kansas City.
The general arrangement and harmony of the buildings which promise to
be among the most attractive features of the Exposition were decided upon
by the chief and staff and the board, and the designs of the proposed build-
ings of the Exposition were allotted among the architects by the chief of con-
struction as follows: Robert M. Hunt, Administration building; W. L. B.
Jenny, Horticulture building ; McKim, Mead & White, Agricultural building;
Adler & Sullivan, Transportation building; George B. Post, Manufactures
building; Henry Ives Cobb, Fisheries building; Burling & Whitehouse,
Casino and Entrances; Peabody & Stearns, Machinery building; S. S. Beman,
Mines and Mining building; Van Brunt & Howe, Electricity building.
Medical Bureau. The Medical Bureau of the World's Columbian Expo-
sition is constituted as follows: John E. Owens, M. D., medical director; W.
H. Allport, M. D., assistant surgeon; Morton R. Yeager, M. D., assistant
surgeon.
BOARD OP CONTROL AND MANAGEMENT OF THE UNITED STATES GOVERN
MENT EXHIBIT. Hon. Edwin Willils, chairman; Sevellon A. Brown, chief
clerk of the department of State, to represent that department; Allured B.
Nettleton, assistant secretary of the treasury, to represent the tieasury
department; Major Clifton Comly, U. S. A., to represent the war department.
Captain R. W. Meade, U. S. N., to represent the navy department; A. D.
Hazen, third assistant postmaster general, to represent the post office depart-
ment; Horace A. Taylor, commissioner of railroads, to represent the depart-
ment of the interior; Elijah C. Foster, general agent of the department of
justice, to represent that department; Edwin Willits, assistant secretary of
agriculture, to represent the department of agriculture; Dr. G. Brown Goode,
assistant secretary Smithsonian Institution, to represent that institution and
the national museum; J. W. Collins, assistant-in-charge division of fisheries,
to represent the United States fish commission.
[See Flinn's Hand-Boole of the World's Columbian Exposition, for full
information concerning the above; also illustrations relating thereto. For sale
everywhere. ]
Board of Lady Managers. Headquarters, Rand-McNally building,
Adams St., near La Salle. President, Mrs. Potter Palmer, of Chicago; first
vice-president, Mrs. Ralph Trautmann, of New York; second vice-president,
Mrs. Edwin C. Burleigh, of Maine; third vice-president, Mrs. Charles Price,
of North Carolina; fourth vice-president, Miss Katherine L. Minor, of Louisi-
ana; fifth vice-president, Mrs. Beriah Wilkins, of the District of Columbia;
sixth vice-president, Mrs. Susan R. Ashley, of Colorado; seventh vice-presi-
dent, Mrs. Flora Beall Ginty, of Wisconsin; eight vice-president, Mrs.
Margaret Blaine Salisbury, of Utah; vice-president-at-large, Mrs. Russell B.
Harrison, of Montana; vice-chairman executive committee, Mrs. Virginia C.
Meredith, of Indiana; secretary, Mrs. Susan G. Cooke, of Tennessee.
WORLD'S COLUMBIAN EXPOSITION. 541
There are eight lady managers, and eight alternate lady managersappointed
by the commissioners at large, two ladj r managers and two alternate lady
managers appointed by the governors of each of the States and Territories;
two lady managers and two alternate lady managers appointed by the Presi-
dent of the United States from the District of Columbia, and nine lady
managers and nine alternate lady managers appointed by the President of the
United States from Chicago, the names and addresses of whom are as
follows: Lady managers, Mrs. Bertha M. Honore Palmer, Lake Shore Drive;
Mrs. Solomon Thatcher, Jr., River Forest; Mrs. Jennie Sanford Lewis, 1450
Michigan ave. ; Mrs. James A. Mulligan, 3000 Prairie ave. ; Francis Dickin-
son, M. D., 70 State St.; Mrs. M. R. M. Wallace, 3817 Michigan ave.; Mrs.
Myra Bradwell, 1428 Michigan ave.; Mrs. James R. Doolittle, Jr., 24 Grove-
land Park; Mrs. Matilda B. Carse, 145 Ashland boul. Lady alternates: Miss
Sara T. Hallowell, Palmer House. ; Mrs. George L. Dunlap, 328 Dearborn
ave.; Mrs. L. Brace Shattuck, 5300 Woodlawn ave.; Mrs. Annie C. Meyers,
556 Monroe st. ; Martha H. Ten Eyck, 5704 Madison ave.; Mrs. Margaret Isa-
belle Sandes, Ravenswood, 111.; Mrs. Leander Stone, 3352 Indiana ave.; Mrs.
Gen. A. L. Chetlain, 543 N. State St.; Frances E. Willard, Evanston, 111.
[See Flinrts Hand- Book of the World' 's Columbian Exposition, Jor full
information concerning the above; also illustrations relating thereto. For sale
everywhere.]
WORLD'S CONGRESS AUXILIARY.
The World's Congress Auxiliary is an authorized adjunct of the World's
Fair, and aims to supplement the exposition which that will make of the
material progress of the world by a portrayal of the " wonderful achieve-
ments of the new age in science, literature, education, goveinment, jurispru-
dence, morals, charily, religion and other departments of human activity, as
the most effective means of increasing the fraternity, progress, prosperity and
peace of mankind." Virtually it will be a series of congresses at which
the greatest thinkers of the world will discuss questions of universal im-
portance.
The officers are: President, Charles C. Bonney; vice-president, Thomas
B. Bryan; treasurer, Lyman J. Gage; secretary, Benjamin Butterworth.
Headquarters, Rand-McNally building, Adams st., near LaSalle.
Division of Work. The work of the World's Congresses divided as follows :
1. General Departments.
2. Divisions of such Departments.
3. Chapters of such Divisions.
4. Sections of such Chapters.
I. DEPARTMENT OP AGRICULTURE. --Benjamin Butterworth, general chair-
man. General Divisons: 1. General Farm Culture. Mr. Samuel Allerton,
chairman. 2. Cereal Industry. Chairman not yet announced. 3. Animal.
Industry. Ex-Gov. W. D. Hoard, chairman. 4. Horticulture. Mr. J. C.
Vaughn, chairman. 5. Agricultural Organizations. Mr. Milton George,
chairman. 6. Agricultural Education and Experiment. Prof. Geo. E.
Morrow, chairman. 7. Governmental Departments of Agriculture. Chair-
man not yet announced.
542 GUIDE TO CHICAGO.
II. DEPARTMENT OP ART. Mr. Charles L. Hutchinson, general chair-
man. General Divisions: 1, Architecture. Mr. Daniel H. Burnham, chair-
man. 2. Painting. Mr. O. D. Grover, chairman. 3. Sculpture. Mr.
Lorado Taft, chairman. 4. Decorative Art. Mr. L. J. Millet, chairman.
5. Photographic Art. Hon. James B. Brachv ell, chairman. 6. Illustrative
Art. Not yet organized.
III. DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE AND FINANCE. Pres. Lyman J. Gage,
general chairman General Divisions: 1. Banking and Finance. Pres.
Lymau J. Gage, chairman. 2. Boards of Trade. Pres. William T. Baker,
chairman. 3. Stocks and Bonds. Mr. Charles Henrotin, chairman. 4.
Water Commerce. Hon. John C. Dore, chairman. 5. Railway Commerce.
Mr. George R. Blanchard, chairman. 6. Insurance. Gen. Robert J,
Smith, chairman. The Division of Insurance is divided into the following
Chapters: 1. Fire Insurance. Gen. Robert J. Smith, chairman. 2. Marine
Insurance. Capt. Wiley M. Egan, chairman. 3. Life and Accident Insur-
ance, with Sections for Mutua. Benefit Associations and Kindred Organiza-
tions. Mr. John H. Nolan, chairman. 4. Insurance Specialties. Not jet
organized.
IV. DEPARTMENT OP EDUCATION. Hon. and Rt. Rev. Samuel Fallows,
general chairman. General divisions: 1. Higher education, including univer-
sity extension; Pres. William R. Harper, chairman. 2. Public insiruction ;
Dr. Samuel Fallows, chairman. 3. Music in public schools; Dr. George F.
Root, chairman. 4. Instruction of the deaf and dumb; Dr. Philip G. Gillett,
chairman. 5. Instruction of the blind; Dr. Frank Hall, chairman. 6.
Instruction of the feeble-minded; Dr. W. B. Fish, chairman. 7. Manual and
art training schools; Dr. Henry H. Belfield, chairman. 8. Commercial and
.business colleges, etc.; Principal Henry B. Bryant, chairman. 9. Kinder-
garten education (see woman's branch committees). 10. Domestic and eco-
nomic education (see woman's branch committees). 11. Agricultural educa-
tion; Prof. G. E. Morrow, chairman. 12. Educational authors and pub-
lishers; not yet appointed. 13. Youth's school delegate congress; Sup't Leslie
Lewis, chairman.
V. DEPARTMENT OP ENGINEERING. Mr. E. L. Corthell, general chair-
man. General divisions: 1. Civil engineering. 2. Mechanical engineering.
3. Mining engineering. 4. Metallurgical engineering. 5. Electrical engineer-
ing. 6. Military engineering. 7. Marine and naval engineering. NOTE.
The division committees of this department have not yet been appointed. All
are at present represented by the general committee.
VI. DEPARTMENT OP GOVERNMENT. (Under the general direction of the
President.) General Divisions: 1. Law reform, including international law
and the administration of justice Pres. Henry Wade Rogers, chairman. 2.
Political and economic reform Hon. Thos. W. Palmer, chairman. 3. City
government Hon. Walter Q. Gresham, chairman. 4. Executive adminis-
tration Gov. Joseph W. Fifer, chairman. 5. Intellectual property Hon.
John M. Thacher, chairman. 6. Arbitration and peace. Hon. Thomas B.
Bryan, chairman.
VII. DEPARTMENT OP LITERATURE Dr. William F. Poole, general
chairman. General divisions: 1. Libraries Librarian, F. H. Hild, chair-
man. 2. History and historical societies Dr. Wm. F. Poole, chairman. 3.
Philology and literary archaeology Mr. Wm. Morton Payne, chairman. 4.
Authors and imaginative literature Mr. Francis F. Browne, chairman.
VIII. DEPARTMENT OP LABOR. Mr. Walter Thomas Mills, M. A., gen-
WORLD'S COLUMBIAN EXPOSITION. 543
eral chairman. General divisions: 1. Historic development of labor. 2.
Labor organizations. 3. Conflicts of labor and capital. 4. Labor economics
and legislation. 5 Women: her industrial condition and economic depend-
ence; social theories and experiments; child labor, etc. 6. Education, Public
opinion, progress.
IX: DEPARTMENT OP MEDICINE. (Under the general direction of the
president.) Geueral Divisions: 1. General medicine and surgery, Dr.
Nathan Smith Davis, chairman. 2. Homeopathy, Dr. J. S. Mitchell, chair-
man. 3. Public health, Dr. John H. Rauch, chairman. 4. Dentistry, Dr.
J. S. Marshall, chairman. 5. Pharmacy, Prof. Oscar Oldberg, chairman.
6. Medical jurisprudence, Dr. Marshall D. Ewell, chairman.
X. DEPARTMENT OF MORAL AND SOCIAL REFORM. Pres. John G.
Shortall, general chairman. General divisions: 1. Philanthropy. 2. Pre-
vention. 3 Charity. 4. Reform.
XI. DEPARTMENT OF Music. Director Theodore Thomas, General
Chairman. General divisions: 1. Orchestral art, Mr. Theodore Thomas,
chairman. 2. Choral music and training, Mr. William L. Totnlins, chairman.
3. Songs of the people, Dr. George F. Root, chairman. 4. .Organ and church
music, Mr. Clarence Eddy, chairman. 5. Musical art and literature, Mr. W.
S. B. Mathews. 6. Musical criticism and history, Mr. George P. Upton,
chairman. 7. Opera houses and music halls, Mr. Ferd. W. Peck, chairman.
XII. DEPARTMENT OF THE I'UBLIC PRESS. Mr. William Penn Nixon,
general chairman, General divisions: 1. The daily press. 2. Weeklies and
magazines. 3. The religious press, Dr. Simeon Gilbert, chairman.
XIII. DEPARTMENT OF RELIGION. Rev. Dr. John Henry Barrows, gen-
eral chairman. General divisions [denominational]: 1. Baptist, Rev. Dr. P.
S. Hensoii, chairman. 2. Catholic, His Grace Archbishop P. A. Feehan,
chairman. 3. Congregational, Rev. Dr. F. A. Noble, chairman. 4. Chris-
tian, Rev. John W. Allen, chairman. 5. Evangelical Association of North
America, Bishop J. J. Esher, chairman. f>. Evangelical Church of North
America, not ready for announcement. 7. Friends, Mr. J. W. Plummer,
chairman. 8. Jews, Rabbi E. G. Hirsch, chairman. 9. Lutheran General
Council, Rev. M. C- Rinseen, chairman. 10. Lutheran General Synod, Rev.
L. M. Heilman, chairman. 11. Lutheran Synodical Conference, Rev. Louis
Hoelter, chairman, 12. Methodist Episcopal, Rt. Rev. Bishop S. M. Merrill,
chairman. 13. New Jerusalem (Swedenborgian), Rev. L. P. Mercer, chair-
man. 14. Presbyterian, Rev. Dr. John Henry Barrows, chairman. 15.
Protestant Episcopal, Rt. Rev. Bishop Wm. E. McLaren, chairman. 16.
Reformed Church of North America, Rev. A. Heinemann, chairman. 17.
Reformed Church of America (Dutch), Rev. W. H. Williamson, chairman.
18. Reformed Episcopal, Rt. Rev. Bishop Charles E. Cheney, chairman. 19.
Swedish Evangelical Mission Covenant in North America, Rev. Andrew
Hallner. chairman. 20. United Brethren, BMiop E. B. Kephart, chairman.
21. Unitarian, Rev. Jenkins Lloyd Jones, chairman. 22. Universaliet, Rev.
Dr. A. J. Canfield chairman. 23. Missions, Rev. Walter Manning Barrows,
chairman. 24. Evangelical Alliance and Kindred Bodies, not ready for
announcement.
XIV. DEPARTMENT op SCIENCE AND PHILOSOPHY. Dr. R. N. Foster,
general chairman. Generiil divisions: 1. General physics Dr. Selim H.
P(>abody, chairman ; 2. mathematics and astronomy Prof. George W.
Hough, chairman ; 3. meteorology, including terrestrial magnetism, Prof.
Mark W. Harrington, chairman ; 4. geology Dr. Josua Lindahl, chairman ;
544 GUIDE TO CHICAGO.
5. geography not yet appointed ; 6. chemistpy Prof. John H. Long, chair-
man ; 7. electricity Prof. Elisha Gray, chairman; 8. botany Prof. Edson
S. Bastin, chairman ; 9. zoology Prof. Stephen A. Forbes, chairman ; 10.
microscopy Regent Thomas J. Burril], chairman ; 11. Anthropology,
including ethnology and archaeology, Prof. F. W. Putman, chairman ; 12.
Indian ethnology Col. P. H. Davidson, chairman ; 13. African ethnology
Rev.J. E. Roy, chairman; 14. psychical science Col. John C. Bundy, chair-
man ; 15. philosphy Dr. R. N. Foster, chairman.
XV. DEPARTMENT OF TEMPERANCE. The Most Rev. Archbishop John
Ireland, general chairman. General divisions : 1. Woman's Christian Tem-
perance Union. (See Woman's Branch) ; 2. Catholic Temperance Societies ;
3. National Temperance Society and allied organizations, including the Sons
of Temperance, the Good Templars, the Templars of Honor and Temperance,
the Royal Templars of Temperance, the Non-Partisan W. C. T. U., and other
affiliated bodies ; 4. Law and Order Leagues, and other law enforcing organi-
zations.
XVI. GENERAL DEPARTMENT. (Embracing congresses not otherwise
assigned.) Sunday Rest Congress. General divisions : 1. physiological rela-
tions of the weekly Rest Day ; 2. economic and business relations of the
weekly Rest Day; 3. governmental and political relations of the weekly Rest
Day ; 4. social and moral relations of the weekly Rest Day ; 5. religious
relations of the weekly Rest Day. The Sunday Rest Congress will be held in
the latter part of September, 1893, at the close of the religious congresses,
and will probably be followed by the congresses of the department of labor.
The observance of Sunday for religious reasons may be sepaiately assigned to
the department of religion.
Other Congresses I'roposed. Among the other congresses which have been
suggested, but for which no definite arrangements have as yet been made, are
the following;
I. A REAL ESTATE REFORM CONGRESS. To promote simplicity, economy
and uniformity of conveyances, devises and descents; and to prevent, or at
least diminish, the great losses now suffered from mistakes occasioned by the
complication and confusion of laws and customs relating to this subject. The
frequent and extensive removals of persons from one state or country to
another, renders the reforms that might be promoted by this Congress, of
extraordinary practical importance.
Such real estate reform congress may be assigned to the department of
government, and be held in connection with the congress of law reform.
II. CONGRESSES OF FRATERNAL ORDERS, ETC. Such as Freemasons,
Knights Templar, Odd Fellows, and similar organizations. It is very prob-
able that more congresses will be proposed than can be accommodated dur-
ing the exposition season, and applications for congresses for which no
arrangements have yet been made should therefore be submitted without
unnecessary delay.
Advisory Council of theWorld's Columbian Commission on World's Con-
gresses. Hon. John W. Woodside, Pennsylvania; Hon. Charles H. Jones,
Missouri; Hon. Albert A. Wilson, District of Columbia; Hon. John Boyd
Thatcher, New York; Hon. John Bennett, Kentucky; Hon. Frederick G.
Bromberg, Alabama; Hon. Orson V. Tousley, Minnesota; Hon. Bradley B.
Smalley, Vermont.
Committee of the Directory of the World's Columbian Exposition on World's
WORLD'S COLUMBIAN EXPOSITION. 545
Congresses. Hon. Franklin H. Head, chairman; Mr. Elbridge G. Keith, Mr.
James W. Ellsworth. Advisory members of this committee; Dr. Henry
Wade Rogers, president Northwestern University; Dr. William R. Harper,
president University of Chicago.
The Woman's Branch of the World's Congress Auxiliary. Mrs. Potter
Palmer, president; Mrs. Charles Henrotin, vice-president. Mixed commit-
tees are not appointed, but committees of women are appointed to take
action on appropriate subjects. The following are the committees of the
Woman's Branch of the Auxiliary, with the chairmen as thus far appointed.
The woman's general committee on world's Congresses, Mrs. Potter Palmer,
chairman; the woman's world's congress committee of art, Miss Sarah H.
Hallowell, chairman; the woman's world's congress committee on education,
Mrs. Henry M. Wilmarth, chairman; the woman's world's congress commit-
tee on manual and art education. Miss Josephine C. Locke, chairman; the
woman's world's congress committee on kindergarten education, Mrs. E. W.
Blatchford, chairman; the woman's world's congress committee on domestic
and economic education; the woman's world's congress committee on higher
education, Mrs. Harriet C. Brainard, chairman; the woman's world's con-
gress committee on government acd law reform, Mis. Myra Bradwell, chair-
man; the woman's world's congress committee on literature, Mrs. Charles
Henrotin, chairman; the woman's world's congress committee on labor, Mrs.
J. D. Harvey, chairman; the woman's world's congress committee on general
medicine and surgery, Dr. Sarah Hackett Stevenson, chairman; the woman's
world's congress committee on homeopathic medicine and surgery, Dr. Julia
Holmes Smith, chairman; the woman's world's congress committee on public
health, Dr. Sarah H. Brayton, chairman; the woman's world's congress com-
mittee on dentistry, Dr. H. E. Lawrence, chairman; the woman's world's
congress committee on pharmacy, Dr. Ida H. Roby, chairman; the woman's
world's congress committee on medical jurisprudence, Dr. HarrietC.B. Alex-
ander, chairman ; the woman's world's congress committee on trained nurses
not ready for announcement; the woman's world's congress committee on
moral and social reform, Mrs. J. M. Flower, chairman; the woman's world's
congress committee on music, Mrs. George B. Carpenter, chairman; the
woman's world's congress committee on the daily press, Miss Mary H. Krout,
chairman; the woman's world's congress committee on weeklies and maga-
zines, Miss Mary Allen West, chairman; the woman's world's congress com-
mittee on religion, Rev. Augusta J. Cbapin, chairman; the woman's world's *
congress committee on science and philosophy, Mrs. Caroline K. Sherman,
chairman; the woman's world's congress committee on Indian ethnology,
Miss Emma C. Sickels, chairman; the woman's world's congress committee
on temperance, Miss Francis E. Willard, chairman; the woman's world's
congress committee on municipal order, Mrs. Henry Wade Rogers, chairman;
the woman's world's congress committee on household economics, Mrs. John
Wilkinson, chairman; the woman's world's congress committee on reception,
Mrs. George L. Dunlap, chairman.
[See Flinn's Hand- Boole of the World 1 s Columbian Exposition, for full
information concerning the above; also illustrations relating thereto. For sale
everywhere.']
546
GUIDE TO CHICAGO.
GENERAL REVIEW.
In the spring of 1892 the outlook for the opening of the World's Colum-
bian Exposition under the most favorable circumstances could not very well be
brighter. Such progress had been made in the construction of the great build-
ings, in the laying out of the grounds and in the general advancement of the
preparatory work, as to leave no doubt as to the success of this the greatest enter-
prize of modern times. The Exposition is under the auspices of the United
States government. Its participants include not only the United States gov-
ernment and the forty-four States and five Territories of Ihe American Union,
but also nearly every foreign government. Its international character was
fully assured.
Foreign Participation. The foreign nations and colonies which thus far
have determined to participate in the Exposition, and the amounts of their
appropriations, made or officially proposed, as far as information concerning
them has been received at headquarters, are the following:
Argentine Republic
$100,000
. 149, iOO
India
Dutch Guiana ,
10,000
5,000
3l',0 U
25,COO
125/00
12,000
25,OCO
20000
Dutch West Indies...
Nicaragua
Orange Free State . . .
Paraguay
Belgium
Malta
Bolivia
100,000
. 600,000
Mashonaland
Brazil
New South Wales. .
New Zealand
China
. 100,000
Persia
Chile
Queensland
South Australia . . .
Tasmania
Trinidad
'. . 15,000
Peru
Columbia
. 10 ',000
Russia
Costa Rica
Denmark
100,OOC
Sal vador
San Domingo
Danish West Indies.
Ecuador
125,000
400,000
214.300
125,000
6,000
25,000
7,50>
25,000
40.00C
Victoria
Siam
West Australia ....
Spain
Egypt (informal) . . .
France
Guatemala
.. 120,000
Cuba
Hawaii
Transvaal.
Algeria
Germany
Havti
Turkey .... ...
Honduras
. . 20,000
Great Britain
Italy (informal) . .
Venezuela
Barbadoes
British Columbia...
British Guiana
British Honduras...
Cape Colony
Erythria
Japan
'.'. 630,76E
Total $4
,004.565
j.
Korea
Madagascar
Thirty-nine nations.
Twenty-four colonie
Mexico ....
750.00r
Cevlon...
Netherlands (informal)
Bolivia appropriated $10,000 for preliminary expenses, and authorized its
president to draw on the regular diplomatic appropriation for any further sum
needed, the whole amount estimated to be necessary being $100,000. Of Ecua-
dor's $125,000, the city of Guayaquil furnishes $25,000. Paraguay has author-
ized its president to spend whatever sum may be necessary to have the coun-
try creditably represented. It is reported that $25,000 of expenditure is con-
templated. Mexico has voted $50,000 for preliminary expenses. No doubt
is felt that the balance of the 750,000 proposed will be forthcoming. It is
assured that quite a number of the appropriations named above will be
increased.
From information received at Exposition headquarters, it can be said to
be next to certain that soon there will be added to the above list Norway and
Sweden, Hungary, Switzerland, Canada, and several others. At a low esti-
mate the total of the appropriations of foreign nations will reach $5,000,000.
Nearly all of the participating nations will erect buildings in the Exposition
WOKLD'S COLUMBIAN EXPOSITION". 547
grounds. Building sites have already been selected for Great Britain, Ger-
many, Japan, Turkey, Mexico, Peru, Brazil, Ecuador, Colombia, Costa
Rica, Guatemala and Chile. The buildings of foreign nations will present
most varied contrasts in respect to size, architecture and adornment.
[See Flinn's Hand-Boole of the World's Columbian Exposition, for full
information concerning the above, also illustrations relating thereto. For sale
everywhere. ]
Government Aid and Recognition. The United States Government has ap-
propriated thus far $1,500,000, of which $400,000 was set apart for its build-
ing, and $250,000, approximately, has been drawn for the cost of tive sessions of
the National Commission, two sessions of the Board of Lady Managers, the
salaries of the officers and employes of these two bodies, and the expenses of
three special agents of the Treasury Department who were sentfb Europe to
explain to foreign commissions and governments the regulations of the Depart-
ment governing the importation of exhibits. A considerable portion of the
remainder has been spent in preparation of the government exhibit by the
board having the matter in charge. The congress now in session is expected
to appropriate a sum sufficient for the future expenses of the National Com-
mission and Lady Managers, and the continued preparation of the govern-
ment exhibit, and also about $700,000 for the Exposition awards and the pay-
ment of the awarding juries, as obligated by the act of congress creating the
National Commission. The government, as elsewhere stated, may be asked,
also, to appropriate something for a District of Columbia exhibit, and
$5,000,000 in general aid of the Exposition.
State and Territorial Aid and Recognition Twenty-six States and two
Territories, thus far, have made appropriations for their representation at the
Exposition, as follows:
Arizona 8 30,000
California 300,'00
Colorado 100,COO
Delaware 10,000
Idaho 20,000
Illinois 800,000
Indiana 75,000
Iowa 50,000
Maine 40,000
Massachusetts ... . 75,000
Michigan 100,000
Minnesota 50,000
Missouri 150,000
Montana 50,COO
Nebraska... 50,000
New Hampshire $ 2i,000
New Jersey ^0,000
New Mexico 25,000
North Carolina 25,000
North Dakota 25,000
Ohio 100,000
Pennsylvania 300,000
Rhode Island 25,000
Vermont 15,OTO
Washington 100,000
West Virginia 40,000
Wisconsin 65,000
Wyoming 30,000
Total $2,695,000
In several of these States the appropriations made are only preliminary,
and will be largely increased. In Iowa, for example, the executive committee
of the State commission has prepared estimates aggregating $339,000, and will
ask the Legislature to appropriate accordingly. Colorado, Main, Massa-
chusetts, Minnesota, New Jersey and West Virginia promise increased appro-
priations. In Colorado an additional $50,000, approximately, has been voted
by the counties, and in Indiana about $10,000 has been raised by school pupils
and teachers. In California, too, some of the counties are supplementing the
State appropriation.
Nine States which, owing to constitutional restriction, or other pro-
hibitive reason, made no World's Fair appropriation, have held State conven-
tions and formed organizations of the stock-subscription sort tor raising the
548
GUIDE TO CHICAGO.
amounts deemed necessary for creditable representation,
the sums they are thus raising, are:
Alabama $ 50,000
Arkansas 100,100
Florida 100,000
Geoi-gia 100, 00
Kansas 100,000
Total
These States, and
Oregon $100,000
South Dakota 80,000
Tennessee . 100,000
Texas 300,000
$1,030,000
The legislatures of several States which have made no provision for repre-
sentation are now in session, or soon will be. In Maryland a bill for $100,000
is pending. In New York a bill for $250,000 has been introduced, and a
second bill for $500,000 is advocated by several influential organizations,
which believe that sum necessary for creditable representation. Nearly all of
the States and Territories are sure to get into line this winter, for popular
sentiment Union g their people demands it. It is reported that the government
will be asked to appropriate $50,000 for the representation of the District of
Columbia, and perhaps something for an Alaska exhibit. The aggregate
expenditure by the States and Territories is expected to reach $5,000,000.
EXPOSITION BUILDINGS. The size and cost of the great Exposition build-
ings are indicated in the following table:
Buildings.
Dimensions
in Feet.
Area in
Acres.
Cost.
Manufactures and Liberal Arts
787x1687
30 5
$1 500 000
Administration
262 x 262
] g
436 000
Mines
350 x 700
5 6
265 010
Electricity
345 x 690
5 5
401 000
Transportation
256 x 960
5 6 /
Annex
425 x 900
88 \
37i\000
Women's.
199 x 388
1 8
138 000
Art Galleries
320 x 500
87 I
" Annexes (2)
120 x200
111
670,000
Fisheries
165 x 365
1 4 1
" Annexes (2)
135 diam'r
8j
224,(00
Horticulture
250 x998
5 7
" Greenhouses (8)
24 xlCO
5
300,000
Machinery
492 x846
961
25,000
" Annex
490 x 550
6 2 j
1,2CO,COO
" Power House ,
100 x461
" Pumping Works
77 x 84
!'!
" Machine Shop
. 146 x250
1
Agriculture ....
500 x800
921
Annex
300 x 550
3 8 S
618,000
" Assembly Hall, etc
125 x 450
1.3
Forestry
208 x528
Z 5
100,000
Saw Mill
125 x300
9
100,000
Dairy
100 x200
5
35,000
Livestock (3)
65 x200
.9)
30,000
Pavilion
280 x440
2.8V
" Sheds...
40. j
Casino
120 X250
.71
Music Hall
120 x250
1\
*210,000
U. S. Government
345 x415
153.8
3 8
$7,04l,tOO
400,(iOO
" Imitation Battleship
69.2o x 348
.3
100,000
Illinois State
160 x 450
1.7 I
" Wings (2)
.3)
250,000
'-
159.4
$7,791,000
* Including connecting peristyle.
[Engraved for The Standard Guide Company.]
A. H. ANDREWS 1 & CO., 215 WABASH AVE.
[See " Guide."]
WORLD'S COLUMBIAN EXPOSITION. 549
The last three are being erected, the first two by the United States Govern-
ment, and the third by the State of Illinois. The visitor, however, will nat-
urally class them among the great Exposition structures.
The Exposition buildings, not including those of the Government and
Illinois, have also a total gallery area of 45.9 acres, thus making their total
floor space 199.7 acres. The Fine Arts building has 7.885 lineal feet, or
145,852 square feet, of wall space.
All of the annexes will be scarely less imposing and architecturally beau-
tiful than the main buildings themselves. The live stock shtds, which will
cover an immense area as indicated, are to be constructed as inexpensively as
possible without marring the general architectural effect. The power-houses,
pumping works, etc., are to be exhibits in themselves, and so constiucled as
to be readily inspected by visitors. There will be several Exposition build-
ings in addition to those named, but data concerning them are not fully
determined. Among them will be a Press building, in which every possible
convenience and accommodation for the press representatives of the world
will be provided; and a reproduction of the Spanish convent, La Rabida, in
which a wonderfully complete collection of Columbus relics and allied exhi-
bits will be gathered. The total cost of the Exposition structures alone is
estimated at $8,000,000.
Information concerning the State buildings is yet quite incomplete, as but
few of the plans have been approved. It is expected that nearly all will
erect buildings as State headquarters and receptacles for collective exhibits
illustrating their resources. Thus far, data tor the buildings of twenty-two
States, as projected, have been received at headquarters. These structures,
for the most part, will be two stories in height; will average about 50 by 75
feet in dimensions, and will cost all the way from $10,000 to $100,000 each.
[See Flinn's Hand-Boole of the World's Columbian Exposition, for full
information concerning the alone, also illustrations relating thereto. For sale
everywhere. ]
Expenditures in Buildings, etc. The amount ($8,000,000) which the
Exposition Company expects to expend upon buildings represents less than
one-half of its total estimated expenditure for the great enterprise. Follow-
ing are estimates of various other expenses prepared by the grounds and
buildings committee.
Grading, filling-, etc $ 450,400
. Landscape gardening 323,490
Viaducts and bridges 125,000
Piers 70,000
Waterway improvements 225,0<0
Railways 500,000
Steam plant 800,000
Electricity 1,500,000
Statuary on buildings 100,000
Vases, lamps and posts $ 50,000
Seating 8, 000
Water supply, sewerage, etc 600,000
Improvement of lake front 200,000
World's Congress Auxiliary 300,000
Construction department expen-
ses, fuel, etc 520,000
Organization and administration 3,308,563
Operating expenses during Expo-
sition 1,550,000
$10,530,453
Add to this amount estimated to be necessary for buildings ($8,000,000;
and the grand total sum to be expended by the Exposition Companp stands at
$18,530,453. This does not include, of course, the expenditure by the United
States Government, the States of the Union, or foreign countries. Of this
$18,530.453, about $17,000,000 must be paid out before the gates of the Expo-
sition are thrown open to the public, on May 1, 1893. The total amount which
the Exposition Company has paid out up to date, for all purposes, is $2,779,-
550 GUIDE TO CHICAGO.
707. Owing to the present enormous demands of construction, the expenditure
is now running at nearly $1,000,000 a month.
Financial Resources. In view of the showing given above, a statement
of the Exposition's resources will be found interesting in this connection.
RESOURCES.
Stock subscriptions $ 5,721,230
City of Chicago bonds 5,OCO,iOO
Prospective ga r e receipts 10,100,000
Concessions and privileges l,6lO, 0-J
Salvage 1,500,000
Interest on deposits 33,452
Total $23,754,682
To the resources will be. added future interest on bank deposits and
future subscriptions to stock. New subscriptions are coming in daily, and
the amount which will thus be realized is certain to be large, though how
much it will be can no w only be surmised. An increase of $200,000 from these
sources is a safe estimate. On the other hand, some deduction must be made
for delinquency in the payment of subscriptions to stock. Thus far, 60 per
cent, of the subscribed amounts has been called for, and $3,433,800, or more
than 60 p^r cenl., has been actually paid in, quite a number of subscribers
having voluntarily paid up in full without waiting for the successive calls.
The subscribers number about 30,000. Among subscribers, there have been
nearly 5uO deaths, and this, together with impoverishment, etc., has caused
thus far a delinquency in collections of between 7 and 8 per cent, of the
amount due. This is less than was anticipated. Making a very liberal
allowance for delinquencies, the net resources, as estimated, stand, in round
numbers, at $23,350,000, or about $4,825,000 in excess of the tot^l estimated
necessary expenditure.
But of the resources the gate receipts, concessions and privileges, and
salvage, representing a total of $13,000,000, are not only estimates, but are
necessarily prospeciive. They can not be realized even in part until the Expo-
sition opens and is in progress. The salvage from the disposal of the buildings
can not, of course, be realized until after the Pair closes. It follows that the
resources available previous to the opening of the Exposition, by which time,
as explained above, $17,000,000, approximately, must be expended, are cut
down to about $10,750,000. It will be seen that about $6,250,000 must be pro-
vided for in some manner. Accordingly the United States Government may be
asked to aid the Exposition by taking a financial interest in it to the extent of
$5,000,000. In view of the fact that the National Commission, representing the
Government, in adopting the classification of exhibits, made the scope of the
Exposition so extensive that, as the Exposition Directory has found, it could
not possibly be creditably fulfilled within the expenditure of the $1,000,000
which was at first deemed sufficient and which Chicago has provided,
according to promise it is believed that Congres will consider it incumbent
upon the Government, both in point of actual obligation and that the national
honor may be maintained before the world, to provide the means for meeting
the excess of expenditure which the action of its representative rendered
necessary. With such assistance, to the extent of $5,000,000, the Exposi-
tion Company believes it will be able to meet all demands.
[See Flinn's Ilaml-Eook of the World's Columbian Exposition, for full
information concerning the above; also illustrations relating thereto. For sale
everywhere.]
WORLDS COLUMBIAN EXPOSITION. 551
Progress of Construction. In April, 1892, the buildings of the Exposition
had been so far advanced as to f ul y justify the prediction that they would
all be in readiness for the inauguration ceremonies in October.The amount of
work accomplished was simply marvelous. The actual erection of the Expo-
sition buildings began in June, 1891. At this writing some of them are
practically completed, while four thousand workmen are engaged in the com-
pletion of the remainder. The scene at the Exposition grounds is one that
will am ize the visitor. Never before on this continent has such a sight been
witnessed. The visitor may reach the exterior of the Exposition grounds by
taking a Cottage Grove avenue cable car to 57th street (fare 5 cents) or a
park phreton at the entrance to Drexcl Boulevard (fare 35 cents). He will be
carried by the northern end of the Exposition grounds, and from points on
Midway Plaisance and Jackson Park may obtain views of the great build-
ings. At Jackson Park he may take a trip on the "Moveable sidewalk," which
is elevated about twenty feet above the park (fare 10 cents), from which he
will obtain a belter view. Guides will point out the different buildings, and
give other information of interest to the stranger. Following may be said to
be the condition of the work upon the various buildings as this volume goes
to press:
WOMAN'S BUILDING. This is practically completed. It has all the
appearance of a marble palace and is one of the handsomest structures on the
grounds. It is the first that will be seen by the visitor approaching from
Midway Plaisance.
MINES BUILDING. Frame work and iron and glass roof completed.
Exterior "staff " work almost finished.
ELECTRICITY BUILDING. Frame work completed. The roof being
finished.
HORTICULTURAL BUILDING. Pavilions completed. West curtain of roof
and windows in position. Iron work of dome in position and exterior orna-
mentation begun.
TRANSPORTATION BUILDING. Practically completed. Very little more
to be done.
ADMINISTRATION BUILDING. One of the crowning glories of the group.
Structural work completed. "Staff" work almost finished. Iron work of
great dome 170 feet from the ground, in position.
MACHINERY HALL. This mammoth structure is in a fair stage of com-
pletion; 6,000 supporting piers in position, superstructure advanced; founda-
tion for annex laid and work advanced on the building.
AGRICULTURAL BUILDING. Interior columns and gallery girders in
position and great iron columns supporting the roof placed. This build-
ing will consume 7.000.000 feet of lumber when completed. Over two-thirds
of this has been utilized.
MANUFACTURES AND LIBERAL ARTS BUILDING. The thirty and a half
acres of flooring laid and superstructure rapidly approaching completion.
The huge steel trufses for the roof which will contain more metal by 50 per
cent, than the Brooklyn bridge are being raised into position.
ART GALLERIES. Basement floor and brick walls completed. The
structure in a very advanced stage of completion.
FISHERIES BUILDING. Almost completed ; exterior work commenced;
interior work progressing rapidly.
FORESTRY BUILDING. Practically completed ; now being occupied by
the model makers ; outside rustic woik being put on ; temporary roof being
replaced by a thatched one.
552 GUIDE TO CHICAGO.
DAIRY BUILDING. Almost completed.
The Illinois building, the United States Government building and the
Battleship are far advanced. Other buildings, state and foreign, are under
way and will be completed early in the summer. The grounds are all laid
out and the work of the landscape gardeners is progressing rapidly.
Insurance is placed and increased on the buildings as their construction
proceeds. The amount now carried is above $1,000,000. During the Exposi-
tion, it is estimated not less than 150,000,000 or $200,000,000 of insurance
will be carried on the buildings and exhibits.
All possible precautions are taken against fire. The Exposition grounds
are already provided with a full equipment of fire engines and apparatus.
In the construction of the buildings about 60,000,000 feet of lumber and
18,000 tons of steel and iron will be used. In their adornment will be utilized
nearly 84,000 pieces of ornamental "staff" work, of which about one-third are
already completed.
[See Flinn's Hand- Book of the World's Columbian Exposition, for full
information concerning the above; also illustrations relating thereto, for sale
everywhere. ]
Water, Sewerage, Lighting, etc. To supply the Exposition buildings and
grounds with water two plants aie being put in, one with capacity of 24,000,-
000 gallons a day, and the other of 40,000,000 gallons. Thus 64,000,000
gallons a day will be available. The pumping works and all of the great
machinery furnishing power to the Exposition will be open to the inspection
of visitors.
A system for drainage, believed to be adequate and perfect, has been
adopted. Perfect sewerage, too, is planned. All refuse from the cafes and
kitchens, and from the lavatories and closets, of which 6,500 will be con-
structed at an expense of some $450,000, will be received by injectors, and
forced by compressed air through underground pipes into four huge tanks,
where it will be treated chemically and rendered entirely inoffensive. Work
upon these systems is progressing.
Plans adopted for lighting the buildings and grounds provide for 138,218
electric lamps, of which 6,76(i are to be arc lamps of 2,000 candle-power each,
and 131,452 incandescent, 16 candle-power each. The electric lighting will
cost something like $1,500,000 and will be ten times as extensive as was
employed at the Paris Exposition. The light and motive plant at the Expo-
sition, it is estimated, will require 26,000 horse-power, of which 22,000 will
be required for the electric plant.
Transportation Matters. Transportation to and from the Exposition,
both for visitors and exhibits, will be as perfect as it is possible to make it,
both in the matter of facilities and rates. Greatly reduced rates on all rail-
roads and some of the steamship lines will prevail. Definite arrangements
are yet to be perfected. Much attention is being given to the question of
furnishing abundant facilities for reaching the grounds from all parts of
Chicago, and it can be asserted that existing means, already extensive, will be
increased so that a maximum of 400,000 a day can be carried to and from the
grounds. For the transportation of exhibits arrangements have already been
made with nearly 500 railway and steamship lines, including all of the trunk
railroads and more important lines in the United States. Ot these transporta-
tion lines, 417 have agreed to charge regular tariff rates on exhibits to the
WOKLD'S COLUMBIAN EXPOSITION. 553
Exposition, and to return them to starting points free of charge, provided
their ownership remains unchanged. Thirty seven have agreed to charge half
regular rates both ways, and thirty-three have promised to transport them
free both to and from the Exposition. The Atlantic Transport Line of
steamers, which runs freight steamships betwien Lond< u and New York,
Philadelphia and Baltimore, will make no chaige on exhibits in either direc-
tion, except on such as, owing to their excessive size or wtighl, require extra
help in their handling. In such cases only the expmse'of the extra help will
be charged. Foreign exhibits will be admitted free of all duly. 8uch exhibits,
however, if sold in this country, will be subject to payment of regular customs
duties.
[See Flinri's Hand-Book of the World's Columbian Exposition, for full
information concerning the above; also illustrations relating thereto. For sale
everywhere. ]
World's Congress Auxiliary. This constitutes the intellectual and moral
branch of the Exposition. Its motto is, " Not Matter, but Mind." and it is
organized to provide for the presentation, by papers, addresses and discus-
sion, of the mental and moral status and achievements of the human race.
Under its auspices, a series of congresses will be held in Chicago during the
progress of the Exposition, in which, it is already assured, will participate a
great many of the ablest living representatives in the various fields of intel-
lectual effort and moral endeavor. The auxiliary embraces between fifteen
and twenty main departments, such as literature, government, education,
music, science, art, engineering, etc., in each of which are subdivisions. A
program is being arranged for congresses in each of these departments and
divisions, in which specialists and advanced thinkers may participate in dis-
cussing the vital and important questions, and presenting the best and latest
achievements of the human mind in each. During the Exposition the auxil-
iary will have the use of a magnificent permanent art palace, which the Chi-
cago Art Institute, aided by the Exposition Directory, is about erecting on
the like front. This will have- two large audience rooms, each of 3,500
capacity, and from twenty to thirty smaller rooms, of capacity ranging from
300 to 750. The great Auditorium will also be utilized for the larger con-
gresses, and numerous other halls are available when required. Each con-
gress will be supervised by a committee of persons actively interested in its
particular field, acceptance of such responsibility having already been given.
The prospects are that fully 100 congresses altogether will be held. It is the
intention to publish their proceedings in enduring form. Detailed informa-
tion concerning the auxiliary, or any of its departments or divisions, can be
obtained of its president, Charles C. Bonney.
Board of Lady Managers. The participation of women in the Exposition
promises to be one of its most interesting as well as novel features. With a
commodious ard imposing building, designed by a young lady architect, and
with an abundance of money, and with full recognition, indorsement, and aid
by the United States Government and the Exposition Directory, the women
have an opportunity of showing in the most signal manner, the condition of
their sex throughout the world, what are the achievements of woman in the
various branches of human endeavor, and what is her adaptability to different
occcupations and lines of industrial and charitable work. Urder the direc-
tion of the Board's president Mrs. Potter Palmer the work of organization,
and of enlisting the interest of women throughout the United States and in
foreign countrie , has progressed to a most satisfactory stage.
554 GUIDE TO CHICAGO.
General Information. JACKSON PARK AND MIDWAY PLAISANCE. Jackson
Park and Midway Plaisance the Exposition site are in the southeastern
part of Chicago, and embrace 6(54 acres, with a frontage of about a mile and
a half on Lake Michigan. Forty five miles of boulevard connect the site
with the general park system of Chicgao, which embraces fifteen or more
parks, aggregating 2,000 acres.
PREPARING JACKSON PARK. Half a million dollars has already been
expended in grading Jackson Park and dredging extensive waterways
throughout it. Hundreds of thousands are yet to be spent for landscape gar-
dening, fountains, statuary, pleasure boats, etc. A number of observation
towers, from which excellent views of the buildings and grounds can be
obtained, will be erected in different parts of the Park.
RESTAURANTS AND CAFES. According to present plans fully 150 restau-
rants and cafes will be in operation in the various buildings and about the
grounds. These will be conveniently distributed, and will have an estimated
aggregate seating capacity of 6,000 or 8,000.
SPECIAL EXPOSITION FEATURES. Midway Plaisance, connecting Jackson
Park with Washington Park, will be. occupied throughout itsentire length by
special Exposition features largely of a foreign character, such ad the
"Bazaar of All Nations," " Street in Cairo," "Street in Constantinople,"
"Moorish Palace," "Maori Village," etc., to which concessions have bten
granted, and which, in their production, will represent the expenditure of
hundreds of thousands of dollars. Panoramas, cycloramas, the sliding rail-
way, etc. , will also be located there.
ENTRANCE FEE. A single entrance fee, probably 50 cents, will entitle
visitors to see the entire Exposition proper. The special attractions on Mid-
way Plaisance w 11 make a moderate additional charge.
HOTEL ACCOMMODATION. The hotel accommodations of Chicago, already
very extensive, are being augmented by the erection of fully twenty new
hotels, some of which are very large. Two million dollars or more are to be
spent by the city and the park commissioners in putting the streets, parks,
etc., in presentable condition against the influx of visitors.
EXHIBITS. It may be said to be assured that the exhibits at the Exposi-
tion will cover a wider range and be far more numerous than were ever before
gathered together. They will present a picture of the condition and indus-
trial progress of mankind in every quarter of the world, and of its achieve-
ments in every branch of the sciences and arts. The Exposition classifica-
tion embraces 12 departments, 176 groups and 967 classes. The application
for space by intending exhibitors in the United States alone numbered 2,082
on January 1st. The number at the Philadelphia Centennial on correspond-
ing date was 864. Applications from foreign exhibitors are reported very
numerous and rapidly increasing. It seems assured that exhibitors will out-
number those at any previous world's fair. The allotment of space will be
made about June. The reception of exhibits will begin November 1, 1892,
aud continue until April 10, 1893. No charge will be made for space for
exhibits.
DEDICATORY CEREMONIES. The Exposition buildings, as required by Act
of Congress, will be dedicated "with appropriate ceremonies," on October 12,
1892, the 400th anniversary of the discovery of America by Columbus. The
exercises will occupy three days, beginning on the llth and closing on the
13th with a grand dedication bull. The committee having the matter in
charge has planned to make the ceremonies most impressive in character
WORLD'S COLUMBIAN EXPOSITION. 555
Something like $300,000 will be spent to secure this end. The President of
the United States and his Cabinet, the Senate and House of Representatives,
the Governors of the several States with their staffs, and representatives of all
foreign nations will be invited to be present. The mobilization of 10,000
militia and several thousand regulars is planned, as is also an imposing civic
and industrial display. In the evenings there will be a magnificent display of
.fireworks, and in the Park waterways a pageant of symbolical floats, repre-
senting the "Procession of the Centuries." In the dedicatory exercises on
the 12th, the completed buildings will be tendered by the President of the
Exposition to the National Commission. President T. W. Palmer will accept
them on behalf of that body and will at once present them to the President of
the United States, who will fittingly respond. The dedicatory oration will
follow. Much attention is being given to the musical portion of the pro-
gramme. This will include a dedicatory ode and orchestra marches written
for the occasion. These and other numbers, including "America" and
"Star-Spangled Banner" will be rendered with full choral and orchestral
accompaniment.
NAVAL, REVIEW. In April, 1893, a grand international naval review,
preliminary to the opening of the Exposition, as provided for by Act of Con-
gress, will be held in New York harbor. Arrangements for this are now
being made.
[See Flinn's Hand-Book of the Worlds Columbian Exposition, for full
information concerning the above; also illustrations relating thereto. For sale
everywltere. ]
PRELIMINARY WORK.
Selection of Chicago. The idea of holding a World's Fair at some point
in the United States, in celebration of the 400th anniversary of the discovery
of America by Columbus, was first seriously considered in the summer of
1889, and it quickly received popular approval. As soon as it seemed prob-
able that such a Fair would be held, several cities, notably New York .Chicago,
St. Louis and Washington, entered into a spirited rivalry to be designated as
the place of its location, and urged their respective claims before Congress
with all the force and influence they could command. It was apparent from
the start, almost, that either New York or Chicago would be selected.
Chicago, with characteristic energy, formed an organization the World's
Columbian Exposition embracing its most substantial business men, raised
more than $5,000,000 by subscription, and pledged itself to increase the
amount to $10,000.000, to be expended in behalf of the Fair. Chicago's
superiority in many respects as a place for holding the Exposition was
; dmitted, and on the first ballot this city led New York by more than 40
votes. It captured the prize on the eighth ballot, receiving 157 votes to 107
for New York, 25 for St. Louis and 18 for Washington. The disappointment
of its rivals soon wore off, and the selection of Chicago has now almost uni-
versal approval.
Act of Congress. The Act of Congress providing for the Fair was
ap t tovid by President Harrison, April 25, 1890, and begins as follows;
556 GUIDE TO CHICAGO.
Whereas, It is fit and appropriate that the four hundredth anniversary of the dis-
covery of America be commemorated by an exhibition of the resources of the United
States of America, their development, and of the progress of civilization in the new
world ; and
Whereas, Such an exhibition should be of a national and international character, BO
that not only the people of our Union, and this Continent, but those of all nations, aa
well, can participate, and should, therefore, have the sanction of the Congiess of the
United States; therefore,
BE IT ENACTED, by the Senate and House of Representatives of the United States of
America, in Congress assembled, that an exhibition of arts, industries, manufactures,
and product of the soil, mine and sea shall be inaugurated in the year eighteen hundred
and ninety -two, in the City of Chicago, in the State of Illinois, as hereafter provided.
The act then goes on with provisions, as summarized below, relative to
the conduct of the Exposition. It provides for a national supervisory body,
known as the World's Columbian Commission, to be appointed by the Presi-
dent, composed of two commissioners and two alternates from each Slate and
Territory and the District of Columbia, and eight commissioners and eight
alternates at large, the commissioners and alternates from the States and
Territories to be appointed upon nomination by their respective governors.
Poicer of Commission. This Commission was empowered to accept such
site for the Exposition and such plans and specifications for buildings as the
local organization might determine upon and tender, provided said site and
plans were deemed adequate, and it was first satisfied that the local organiza-
tion had secured bona fide subscriptions to the amount of $5,000,000. and there
was assured an additional $5,000,000 for Exposition purposes. It was also
empowered to allot space for exhibitors, prepare a classification of exhibits,
determine the plan and scope for the Exposition, award premiums, and gen-
erally have charge of all intercourse with the exhibitors and representatives
of foreign nations. In point of fact, a large share of these duties will really
be performed by the local organization, under approval of the national body.
The Commission was required also to appoint a board of Lady Managers for
the Exposition, and to provide for the dedication, with appropriate cere-
monies, of the Exposition buildings, on the 12th day of October, 1892.
Proclamation. By the act, the President of the United States, when
satisfied that the local corporation had made provision for suitable grounds
and buildings, and had raised or provided for, a sum of not less than $10,000,-
000 for Exposition purposes, was directed to make proclamation of such facts
and to invite foreign nations to take part in said Exposition, said proclama-
tion to be communicated to the diplomatic representatives of foreign nations
for publication in their respective countries. The President was also directed
to hold a naval review in New York harbor in April, 1893, and to extend to
foreign nations an invitation to send ships of war to join the United States
navy in rendezvous at Hampton Roads and proceed thence to said review.
Dutiable Articles Exhibited The Act specifies that all dutiable articles
imported to be exhibited, and not intended for sale, shall be admitted free
of duty and customs fees, and that such articles may be sold only subject to
the established duties and under such regulations as the Secretary of the
Treasury shall prescribe.
Government Exhibits. The Government of the United States is required
to exhibit, from its executive departments, Smithsonian Institution, Fish
Commission, and National Museum "such articles and materials as illus-
trate the function and administrative faculty of the government in lime of
peace, and its resources-as a war power, tending to demonstrate thenaturcof
[Engraved for The Siandard Guide Company."]
M. A. RICHARDSO.\, JR., & CO., WASHINGTON BD. & CURTIS ST.
[See "Guide."]
WORLD'S COLUMBIAN EXPOSITION. 557
our institutions and their adaptation to the wants of the people." The Presi-
dent is required to appoint a board to prepare and care for this exhibit, and
the Secretary of the Treasury is directed to provide a suitable building to
contain it, at an expense not exceeding $400,000. As a part of the govern-
ment exhibit the Secretary of the Treasury is required to establish and fully
equip a life-saving station, such as is in operation at various points on the
coast of the United States. For the government exhibit entire and for the
buildings to contain it, the Act appropriates $1,500,000. Such are the chief
provisions of the act.
Organization. Immediately upon the passage of the act, the work of
organizing and preparation was begun, and it .has proceeded since as rapidly
as the many obstacles incident to such a great undertaking would permit.
From time to time difficulties and conflict of authority, threatening to be
serious, arose between the National Commission and the Local Directory,
but each one has been adjusted satisfactorily, and now harmony prevails and
the work of preparation is going on smoothly and rapidly.
President's Proclamation. In due time the National Commission reported
to the President of the United States; who, upon its recommendation, issued
this proclamation and invitation to the nations of the earth:
By the President of the United States of America:
A PROCLAMATION.
WHEREAS, Satisfactory proof has been presented to me that provision has been
made for the adequate grounds and buildings for the uses of the World's Columbian
Exposition, and that a sum not less than $10,000,000, to be used nnd expended for the
purposes of said Exposition, has been provided in accordance with the conditions and
requirements of section 10 of an act, entitled "An Act to provide for celebrating the
four-hundredth anniversary of the discovery of America by Christopher Columbus by
holding an International exhibition of arts, industries, manufactures and the products
of the soil, mine and sea, in the city of Chicago, in the State of Illinois," approved April
25, 1890.
Now, THEREFORE, I, Benjamin Harrison, President of the United States, by virtue
of the authority vested in me by said Act, do hereby declare and proclaim that such
International Exhibition will be opened on the first day of May, in the year eighteen
hundred and ninety-three, in the city of Chicago, in the State of Illinois, and will not
be closed before the last Thursday in October of the same year.
And in the name of the Government and of the people of the United States, I do
hereby invite all the nations of the earth to take part in the commemoration of an
event that is pre-eminent in human history and of lasting interest to mankind, by
appointing representatives thereto, and sending such exhibits to the World's Columbian
Exposition as will most fitly and fully illustrate their resources, their industries and
their progress in civilization.
IN TESTIMONY WHEREOF I have hereunto set my band and caused the seal of the
United States to be affixed.
Done at the city of Washington this twenty-fourth day of December, in the year of
our Lord, one thousand eight hundred and ninety, and the independence of
the United States the one hundred and fifteenth.
By the President: BENJAMIN HARBISON.
JAMBS G. BLAINK, Secretary of State.
This proclamation, accompanied by a letter of the Secretary of State,
regulations for foreign exhibitors, regulations of the Secretary of the
Treasury governing the free importation of exhibits, and the prospectus of a
proposed World's Congress Auxiliary of the World's Columbian Exposition,
was sent to the following countries early in January : Argentine Republic,
Siberia, Austria-Hungary, Mexico, Belgium, Netherlands, Paraguay and
Uruguay, Brazil, Persia, Peru, Guatemala, Portugal, Salvador, Roumania,
Nicaragua, Russia, Honduras, Servia, Costa Rica, Siam, Chili, Spain,
China. Sweden and Norway, Colombia, Switzerland, Corea, Turkey, Den-
mark. Venezuela, Ecuador, France, Germany, GreatBritain, Greece, Hawaiian
Islands, Italy, Japan.
558 GUIDE TO CHICAGO.
World's Congress Auxiliary. The World's Congress Auxiliary, referred
to above, is an authorized adjunct of the World's Fair, and aims to supple-
ment the exposition which that will make of the material progress of the
world by a portrayal of the "wonderful achievements of the new age in
science, literature, education, government, jurisprudence, morals, charily,
religion and other departments of human activity, as tbe most effective
means of increasing the fraternity, progress, prosperity and peace of man-
kind." Virtually it will be a series of congresses at which the greatest
thinkers of the world will discuss, among other themes, the following:
I. The grrounds of fraternal union in the language, literature, domestic life,
religion, science, art and civil institutions of different peoples.
II. The economic, industrial and financial problems of the ago.
III. Educational systems, their advantages and their defects; and the means by
which they may best be adapted to the recent enormous increase in all departments of
knowledge.
IV. The practicability of a common language, for use In the commercial rela-
tions of the civilized world.
V. International copyright and the laws of intellectual property and commerce.
VI. Immigration and naturalization laws, and the proper international privi-
leges of alien governments, and their subjects, or citizens.
VII. The most efficient and advisable means of preventing or decreasing pau-
perism, insanity and crime; and of increasing productive ability, prosperity and vir-
tue throughout the world.
VIII. International law as a bond of union and a means of mutual protection;
and how it may best be enlarged, perfected and authoritatively expressed.
IX. The establishment of the principles of judicial justice, as the supreme lawof
international relations, and the general substitution of arbitration lor war in the set-
tlement of international controversies.
The Site Agreed fTpcw. Jackson park, where the greater number of the
Exposition buildings are to be, is beautifully situated on the lake shore seven
miles southeast of the City Hall, and embraces 586 acres. Washington park is
a mile or more nearer and has 371 acres. Midway Plaisance has 80 acres.
Thus a total of 1,037 acres is available for the Exposition. The spacious
grounds of the Washington Driving Park Association, adjoining Washington
park on the south, will be used for certain stock exhibits. Upon these parks
previous to their selection as the World's Fair site $4,000,000 was spent in
laying out the grounds and beautifying them by lawns, flower-beds, shrub-
bery, etc. The Exposition people will spend more than $1,000,000 in their
further preparation. The contract for grading alone has been let at $397,000.
These parks are connected with the center of the city and with the general
park and boulevard system by more than thirty-five miles of boulevards
from 100 to 300 feet in width. A description of the parks and boulevards
will be found elsewhere in this volume. The projected improvements include
additional walks and driveways, lakes, canals, fountains, statuary, a pier
extending 1,500 feet into the lake, etc.
Special Attractions. Among the many special attractions contemplated,
which are outside of what may be considered the regular range of exhibits,
may be mentioned a tower higher than the Eiffel, an $800,000 water palace, a
naval exhibit including a reproduction of the Columbus fleet, a mine several
hundred feet deep, pleasure boats propelled by electricity, captive balloons, a
reproduction of an ancient Roman dwelling of the time of Pompeii, a Japan-
ese village, a National portrait gallery, a band congress, and a children's
chorus of 1,000 voices. Attractions of this sort will be chiefly of a private or
semi private proprietorship, as was the Eiffel tower at the Paris Exposition.
WORLD'S COLUMBIAN EXPOSITION". 559
Transportation. The facilities for reaching the Exposition from all parts
of the city will be greatly increased by the time the opening occurs. They
will include steam, electric and horse railways, cable cars, elevated roads, an
extensive carriage and cab service, steamboat lines on the lake, and, perhaps,
other means. An enormous attendance is anticipated, and it is the intention
to provide not only ample transportation facilities, but every accommodation
on the grounds for the convenience and comfort of visitors, no matter how
numerous they may be. Police regulations will be as perfect as they can be
made.
Headquarters. The headquarters of the World's Columbian Exposition
are, at present, in the Rand-McNally building oil Adams street, occupying
three of the great floors. There are the offices of the National Commission, the
Local Directory, the Lady Managers, the World's Congress Auxiliary, the
ciiiefs of the several departments, committee rooms, etc., etc. No business
house in the city presents more the appearance of a hive of industry than do
the Exposition offices. The department of publicity and promotion is most
busy of all. Upon it devolves the work of placing the Exposition its pur-
pose, scope, condition, prospects, 3nd expected beneficial effects favorably
before the eyes of the civilized world. Scarcely a day passes on which less
than from 2,000 to 3,000 mail packages, containing information on the above
points, are sent out from this department.
[See FUnrfs Hand- Book of the World's Columbian Exposition, for full
information concerning the above; also illustrations relating thereto. For sale
everywhere.']
ATTRACTIONS OF THE EXPOSITION, ETC.
A description of the thousands of attractions proposed and secured for
the World's Columbian Exposition, together with information of a general
character for the exhibitor and the visitor, with a guide to the Exposition
grounds, full descriptions of buildings, etc , require a volume. Such a vol-
ume has been compiled by Mr. John J. Flinn, compiler of the STANDARD
GUIDE TO CHICAGO. It is called the " Hand Book of the World's Columbian
Exposition," and consists of about 400 pages, profusely illustrated with
beautiful engravings (specimens of which appear in this volume) of every
building on the Exposition grounds, with scenes and miscellaneous informa-
tion concerning the World's Fair and contains thousands of facts of interest
to the visitor. In addition a large amount of matter is contained in this vol-
ume covering the various other attractions of Chicago. The whole is supple-
mented with a condensed Guide to Chicago, which must prove invaluable to
the stranger. This volume is on sale everywhere throughout the civilized
world.
HAND BOOK
OK
WRITTEN AND COMPILED BY
[Compiler of THE STANDARD GUIDE].
ILLUSTRATED .
With Photo-Gravure Engravings of every Build-
ing on the Exposition Grounds, Scenes, etc.
A COMPLETE GUIDE FOR THE STRANGER.
Paper Cover, fully illustrated Price, 50 cents
Cloth Cover, fully illustrated Price, 75 cents
Morocco Cover, fully illustrated Price, $1.00
A MILLION COPIES WILL BE SOLD.
FREQUENT REVISED EDITIONS.
ALL ADVERTISEMENTS TO RUN UNTIL CLOSE OF EXPOSITION.
Per Page, Body of Book .$200.00
Per Page, Front of Book 100.00
Per Page, Back of Book 50.00
THE STANDARD GUIDE COMPANY,
358 DEARBORN ST., CHICAGO, U.S.A.
PART V.
THE GUIDE.
Before your train reaches the city you will .be approached by one of Parmelee'a
agents, who will, if you desire it, take up your railroad baggage checks, giving you
receipts for the same, and undertake to deliver your trunk to any hotel or any past of
the city within the old limits for fifty cents. Each additional trunk, twenty-five cents.
For fifty cents additional he will give you a ticket which wi .1 entitle you to transfer
by omnibus to any other railroad depot, or to any hotel in the center of the city. The
Parmelee company is perfectly responsible and its agents may be trusted fully. The
stranger arriving in Chicago for the first time, if in doubt as to the course to be pur.
fcued, in leaving the train should consult the uniformed depot agents, or depot police-
men, who may be depended upon for reliable information. Hansom cabs, coupes,
hacks, carriages, etc., stand outside every depot. Before entering a vehicle make an
arrangement with the driver, in order that there 1 may be no misunderstanding after-
ward.
Hack and Cab Rates. The rates of fare for hacks, according to city ordinances, are
as follows:
For conveying one or two passengers from one railroad depot to another railroad
depot, one dollar.
For conveying one Or two passengers not exceeding one mile, one dollar.
For conveying one or two passengers any distance over one mile and less than two
miles; one dollar and fifty cents.
For each additional two passengers of the same party or family, fifty cents.
For conveying one or two passengers any distance exceeding two miles, two
dollars.
For each additional passenger of the same party or family, fifty cents.
For conveying children between five and fourteen years of age, half the above
price may be charged for like distance; but for children under five years of age, no
charge shall be made- providing that the distance from any railroad depot, steamboat
landing: or hotel to any other railroad depot, steamboat landing or hotel shall, in all
cases, be estimated as not exceeding one mile.
For the use per day of any hackney coach or other vehicle, drawn by two horses
or other animals, with one or more passengers, eight dollars.
For the use of any such carriage or vehicle by the hour, with one or more passen-
gers, with the privilege of going from place to place and stopping as often as may be
required, as follows: For the first hour, two dollars; for each additional hour or part
of an hour, one dollar.
Every passenger shall be allowed to have conveyed upon each vehicle, without
charge, his ordinary traveling baggage, not exceeding in any case one trunk and
twenty-five pounds of other baggage. For every additional package, where the whole
weight of baggage is over one hundred pounds, if conveyed to any place within
the old city limits, the owner or driver shall be permitted to charge fifteen cents.
Rates of fare for hansom cabs and other one-horse vehicles are regulated by city
ordinance as follows :
The prices or rates of fare to be asked or demanded by the owners or drivers of
cabs or other vehicles drawn by one horse or other animal for the conveyance of pas-
sengers for hire shall be not more than as follows :
One mile or fraction thereof, for each passenger for the first mile, twenty-five
cents.
One mile or fraction thereof, for any distance after first mile, for one or more
passeng-ers, twenty-five c nts.
For the first hour, seventy-five cents.
For each quarter-hour additional after first hour, twenty cents.
For service outside of city limits and in the parks, for the first hour, one dollar.
For each quarter-hour additional after the first hour, twenty-five cents.
501
562 GUIDE TO CHICAGO.
The provision regarding amount of baggage allowed free, and rates of charge tot
excess is the same as in the Hack Ordinance.
,The following rates of fare should be posted conspicuously in every Hansom
cab:
One mile or less, for each passenger, twenty-five cents.
Each additional mile or fraction thereof, one or two passengers, twentv-flve
cents.
For one stop or wait of not over five minutes no charge will be made.
For over five minutes, or more than one stop or wait, ten cents will be charged
for each ten minutes or part thereof.
Packages too large to be carried inside will be charged ten cents.
For one or two persons, per hour,~within four mile limit, seventy -five cents.
For each quarter-hour additional, or fraction thereof, twenty cents.
For one or two persons, per hour, outside four-mile limit, also Lincoln Park, one
dollar.
For each quarter-hour additional, or fraction thereof, twenty-five cents.
When continuous stop of one-half hour or more is made, the charge per hour
will be at the rate of seventy cents. When service is desired by the hour; it must be
so btated at the time of engaging the cab, otherwise the distance rate will be charged.
Hour engagements, when the cab is discharged at a distance of over half a mile
from the stand, the time necessary to return to the stand will be charged for. No
time engagements will be made for less than the price for one hour.
In case of attempted imposition or exorbitant charges on the part of the driver,
pay him nothing until you shall have called a policeman. The city of Chicago guards
the interests of strangers closely and jealously, and no imposition will be tolerated.
Do not compromise the matter "in order to save trouble." The welfare of strangers
generally require that each one shall refuse to accede to unjust demands.
HOTELS AND BOARDING HOUSES. The Hotels of Chicago are of great number
and variety. The largest and grandest of them are described elsewhere. [See Hotels.]
It would be impossible to tell the stranger just where to stop. A great deal depends upon
the taste and means of the visitor. The rates charged by the respectable hotels of
Chicago run all the way from $3.00 to 85.00 per day, depending in great measure upon the
hotel selected, and upon the location of rooms. Good rooms at the leadingEuropean
hotels,or hotels where rooms and meals are paid for separately,can be obtained for $1.00
per day. Restaurant meals may be had at from 25 to 50 cents. Hotel meals are served at
from 50 cents to $1.00. Should you prefer a private boarding house, you will have no diffi-
culty in finding one, where you may procure a room and board at from $4.00 to $10.00 per
week. At the latter figure excellent accommodation may be obtained in any of the
best neighborhoods of the city. Boarding houses may be found advertised in large
numbers in the daily newspapers. If you advertise for a boarding house you will
receive a large number of responses. Select some place, if possible, south of Twenty-
second st. and east of Wabash ave.; don't be afraid of going south; north of Chicago
ave. and east of LaSalleave.; don't be afraid of going north, west of Ashland ave. and
south of Madison to Jackson, or north of Madison to Park ave.; the farther west the bet-
ter. Having installed yourself at a hotel, a boarding house or at the house of a friend,
and put your affairs in order, you will doubtless be prepared and even anxious to see
the city. If you will follow me during the next thirty-one days, I will try to show you
every thing of interest, and give you all the information I have been able to collect
concerning the places we visit and the sights we see.
FIRST DAY.
We will make the City Hall our starting point, for the reason that it is one of the
most central, as well as one of th/3 most prominent, structures in the city. This build-
ing and the Cook County Court House, adjoining, stand upon the site of the first Court
House erected in Chicago, and also, upon the site of the Court House destroyed in the
great fire of 1871. The old Court House stood ia the center of the block, and was sur-
rounded by a green lawn, in the nature of a park. It was a handsome building as
buildings went in those days, and had a tower in which there was a clock and a great
THE GUIDE. 5G3
bell. This bell rang out in doleful peal8 on the fatal Sunday night in October, 1871,
almost up to the moment the tower became enveloped in flames. After the fire the
bruised and battered bell was taken from the ruins by an enterprising firm and worked
up into souvenirs watch charms, breast pins, etc., which found a ready sale and com-
manded good prices. So great was the demand that several hundred tons of old bell
metal were consumed in supplying it before the intelligent public began to suspect
that there was anything wrong. The foundations of the new Court House were laid
in 1876. The labor troubles incident to the hard times in 1877 induced the city govern-
ment to begin work on the City Hall in that year. The building was commenced under
the administration of Mayor Heath and finished under the administration of Mayor
Harrison. It is a stately pile, as you perceive, and its architecture would be called
Grecian by a person not over particular in regard to such matters. Although its gen-
eral style has been subjected to much severe criticism, it is something in its favor to
say that, notwithstanding the numerous magnificent piles which have been erected in
its neighborhood during recent years, it is still the most striking and, altogether, the
handsomest structure in the city. These remarks are applicable, of course, to the
Court House, which in design and finish differs very little from the City Hall. If any-
thing, the Court House is a little the handsomer of the two, because the city was
retrenching when the City Hall was being constructed, and a number of costly details
which entered into the Court House were dropped. The City Hall building as it is
to-day cost, exclusive of the ground upon which it stands, very nearly $1,800,000. The
cost of the Court House exceeds this figure by nearly $1,000,000, but that much
money additional didn't go into the structure. A great part of it was used in bribery,
in election expenses and in riotous living. If the walls could speak they would tell the
story of the most corrupt period in the history of Cook cou ty politics. Some of the
living ex-county commissioners, by the way, could, if they felt inclined, tell it just as
well. But this is a digression. The City Hall occupies half the block bounded by
Washington st. on the south, Randolph st. on the north, La Salle st. on the west, and
Clark st. on the east. We enter it from the Washington st. side, passing into the
tunnel-like corridor which runs the entire length of the basement from Washington
to Randolph st. The first offices to our left are those occupied by
The Health Department. Here the Commissioner of Health, a gentleman appointed
by the Mayor, is in charge. He has a large and expensive corps of assistants, as you
have learned from this volume already, and from these rooms the sanitary condition
of the city is supposed to be regulated. The Health Department looks after our back-
yards, our back alleys and our back streets, where nobody else appears to be inter-
ested. It also takes a peep into our great factories, sees that work-shops are not over
crowded, and protects the better classes from infection arising out of the districts
occupied by the other classes. It also vaccinates us on demand, and sends us to the
small-pox hospital at times, if we have neglected the modern precaution of inocula-
tion. But small-pox in Chicago is very rare, and the " pest house " keeper of late years
has been living a life of ease and drawing the salary of a sinecure. If you will step
inside they will tell you that Chicago is the healthiest city on earth. Only eighteen out
of every thousand of us die or get run over or fall down elevator shafts every year.
Just across the corridor to your left is
The City Detective Office. The people, and more especially the newspapers, of Chi-
cago are inclined to be cynical. You will probably hear that the city detectives are
organized for the purpose of allowing criminals to escape, and that the safest place
for a thief is under the very nose of one of the municipal sleuths, but you must pay
no attention to this kind of talk, for, while the detectives capture thousands of rogues
every year, they are seldom spoken of unless in connection with the escape of some
564 GUIDE TO CHICAGO.
criminal. The city detectives do a great deal of really creditable work every year that
the public is never informed of. The real clever men in the detective department are
modest and unknown, so that when somebody points out to you on the street a person
with the make-up of a Vidoq and calls him one of the shrewdest sleuths on the force,
you may assume that this person is a detective for parade purposes only. Inside the
detective department is the " sweat-box," where criminals or suspected criminals are
subjected to the " pumping " process before they are regularly committed. Some out-
rages have been committed in this same " sweat-box," and it isn't popular with the
people. It smacks of the inquisition, and the methods sometimes pursued in " pump-
ing" prisoners are repugnant to the American idea of fair play. The detectives dress in
plain clothing. They are generally picked from the police force proper and are pre-
sumed to be intelligent men. Across the corridor to the left is the
Central Detail Station. This is in reality a sub-station of the First Precinct, but at
the same time, by reason of its situation, is the most important police station in the
city. In olden times that is, about twenty -five years ago when Lake st. was the
leading retail thoroughfare of the city, the handsomest men on the police force were
detailed for duty upon its crossings. These men composed what came to be known
as "The Lake Street Squad." Later on, as the city grew and other streets became as
great as Lake and .even greater, additional details of a like character were drawn from
the force proper. Then the ralroad depots and bridges demanded men. Finally the
various squads were consolidated into the Central Detail. The police of this detail
perform day duty in the center of the city, exclusively. They have charge of the
bridges, railroad depots public places generally and street crossings. In the night
they are relieved by patrolmen from the First Precinct Station. There is a procession
of visitors to the Central Detail Station all day long. The great majority of minor
crimes are committed in the business district. Pick-pockets, sneak thieves, confidence
men, etc., arrested by the detectives, are brought in here. Here also reports are
received from all the precinct stations. We are shown into
The Repor ters' Boom Where reporters of the city press may be found from morn
to midnight and from midnight till rosy morn, waiting and watching for the reports
which come over the telephone, or are handed in by special messengers from the various
precinct stations. Here the first news of accidents, murders and crimes generally is
received. When a crime or accident of unusual importance is reported the represen-
tatives of the press immediately notify their city editors by telephone, and are relieved
of further responsibility, as men are dispatched from the newspaper offices to the scene
of the occurrence. Minor affairs only, as a rule, are followed up by the police report-
ers, who are expect d to remain at or near their posts constantly until relieved. Many
of the leading journalists of the city have begun as police reporiers. The Central
Station is a great school for newspaper men, as there is an opportunity here of becom-
ing acquainted with every phase of metropolitan existence. Along the corridor various
other offices are devoted to the affairs of the police department, but the work done is
principally clerical and uninteresting. To our left as we move toward the north are the
Fire Alarm Offices. These are interesting to visitors. Here all alarms of fire are
received, and from these offices all alarms are sounded on the gongs of the numerous
engine-houses and the alarm bells of the city. The apparatus as you see is beautiful ;
its operation is marvelous. At first sight, all those instruments of shining brass and
nickel, ever maintained at the highest state of polish, may appear complicated, but to
the operators they are simplicity itself. While you are looking on, the simple turning
of a switch may arouse the entire fire department, and for that matter the entire city;
but you have no knowledge that perhaps a neighborhood is in a stat^ of panic, for the
silent fluttering of a hand on one of the dials or the almost imperceptible clicking of an
THE GUIDE. 565
instrument no larger than your hat are meaningless to you. While the fire department is
buttling with the "demon destroyer," as the country reporter loves to call it, and a
howling, crazy mob is being held in check by the police, the operator sits here in peace
and quiet, waiting for the "out" signal, which is sometimes too long delayed for the
good of the public and the happiness of the fire insurance companies. We can spend
an hour in here very pleasantly and very profitably, if the operators are not too busy
to talk. We walk to the end -of the corridor, ascend one flight of stairs to the first
floor, and move toward the south along a higher and a brighter corridor. To our left
is the
City Collector's Office Where clerical work only is performed, the city collector
being a person who has much to do with licenses, brewers and saloon-keepers, but
across the hall ere
The Water Offices Several in number, and all more or less crowded during business
hours. Here we pay our water rates, make complaints about leakages, arrange for
supplies, etc. Turn back to " Water Works " in this book, notice the revenues of the
department, and you will comprehend what an immense amount of business all these
clerks transact every day. A little further on are the offices of the
Department rf Public Works, Here the entire machinery connected with the public
works of thaoity of Chicago is operated. This includes so much that it would require
half a day to tell you all about it. The Public Works Department, however, cares
for our streets, our sewers, our bridges, our viaducts, etc.; besides, it plans and executes
all improvements, and supervises the operation of corporations, such as street car com-
panies, gas companies, electric companies, etc., whenever these corporations are granted
franchises to tear up or occupy our streets, and that means a great deal more than you
will be able to understand during a brief visit to Chicago, for private corporations
are granted privileges here that they would not dare ask perhaps in the city you
came from. Turning to the left, into the passage leading toward the Court House, we
come to
Police Headquarters Where we find the superintendent, assistant superintendent
and other general officers of the force. From these offices the police department is
managed, and, generally speaking, well managed. Passing along we come to room
32, the
Mayor's Offices. There is a large outer office and a smaller inner office. In the
former we find one of the Mayor's private secretaries, and it depends entirely on the
disposition of this young man whether we find the Mayor in the latter. If this privi-
lege is accorded us, we tind a man of the ordinary Chicago stamp a business man, per-
haps, or a business man turned politician. He is not robed in scarlet, norwigged in
tow. He wears a business suit, has on a business smile, and gives us a business salutation.
Although the chief executive officer of one of the grandest cities in the world, he may,
if his digestion be good to-day, shake you by the hand like an ordinary mortal. For it
is one of our prime characteristics in this glorious country to seem less than we are.
We can be dignified without being insolent. This is something the small officials of
your European cities have yet to learn. The Mayor of Chicago is a busy man. Let us
leave him. Next door is
The Comptroller's Office Where the finances of the city are accounted and kept m
order. The comptroller, though not the custodian of public money, is supposed to
know just where it is, what the city's resources are, how its credit stands, etc., etc.
Across the hall from him are the
City Clerk's Offices Where the accounts of the municipality in all their multi-
formity are supposed to be accurately kept. Up another flight of stairs and we are
on the Second Floor, where we find offices given over to the various bureaus of the
566 GUIDE TO CHICAGO.
Public Works Department, Sewers, Drains, Buildings, Maps, etc., etc., and in the
lateral corridor are two court rooms, occupied by a Superior and Circuit judge, retpect-
ively. The floor above is given up partly to the Law department, and partly to
The Public School Department. Here is the Board of Education Chamber, the
superintendent's office, the manager's office, the secretary's office, etc. We can get
here a great deal of information about our public school system. There are offices on
this floor also for the accommodation of special teachers in mus'c. drawing, etc. A
large chamber on this floor is also reserved for the Board of Election Commissioners.
On the Fourth Floor is
The Council Chamber A large and handsome assembly room, where the sixty-
eight aldermen meet and legislate for the people. The remainder of this floor is occu-
pied by
The Public Library, which is described in this book. We will be able to spend the
remainder of the day very pleasantly here, if we can interest the librarian or one of
his assistants in our behalf* There are more books circulated by this library now than
by any other in the United States, not even excepting Boston's. The collection of
books is very complete and is being added to annually. At the present rate of increase
we will have one of the largest libraries in the world within a very few years. I have not
called your attention to the crowds in the City Hall, because it wasn't necessary. You
have been jostled by them at every stage of our trip. What so many men are doing
here all daylong I can't tell you, because I don't know. But they are to be found
here every day, hanging around the corridors, with no apparent aim in life, and, judg-
ing from the faces of most of them, without much hope in a hereafter. A great many
of them are political "wire-pullers," "workers in the wards," " friends " of the office
holders, etc. The fact that they have some connection in some mysterious way with
men occupying influential positions prevents the police from arresting them on
charges of vagrancy.
SECOND DAY.
We meet again at the City Hall, and, if you wish, we will take a look at the cells in
the basement, also at the collection of stolen goods in the hands of the custodian.
This will not require much time, because the cells are not very numerous here nor
is the custodian's collection particularly interesting. We will go over to the Court
House, entering this building also from the Washington street side. And here it
might be remarked that the main entrance to the Court House is up a flight of granite
steps in the center of the structure on Clark street. The main entrance to the City
Hall is by a similar flight of steps on La Salle street. Both entrances are grand in pro-
portion and beautiful in design. But it is more convenient to begin at the very bot-
tom. We enter another tunnel-like corridor, and, before proceeding farther, I might
as well tell you that the entire building is occupied by the various county officers and
courts; that, immense as it is, it fails to accommodate all of them, some of the offices
and courts being located in the Criminal Court building on the North Side, and that
two additional stories are to be put on this building before the close of 1892. How it
will look with two more stories I don't know. It is claimed that the symmetry of the
structure will be destroyed. Certain it is that if two stories are not also added to the
City Hall the latter building will present an extremely dumpy and unsatisfactory
appearance. The original design was never carried out. There was to be a great
dome over the united buildings. The city and county failed to agree to the expendi-
ture of the requisite money, and the dome was dropped out. With a six-story Court
House and a four-story City Hall, of course a dome in the future will be out of the
question, unless the City Hall side of it is to be supported on props. Tljis might be
picturesque, but it would hardly be considered in the light of anartistic triumph. Yet.
THE GUIDE. 567
Chicago has passed through so many ordeals unscathed that we have reason to hope
that the Cou.t House-City Hall question will be settled to everybody's satisfaction in
the end. Passing a number of uninteresting county offices we come to the
County Recorder's Office -Where all transfers of real property in Cook county are
registered. As settlement of questions of ownership must finally be determined by
the records of this office, its importance will be understood. The great fire of 1871
destroyed a'.l the records of Cook county, and it was a herculean task to restore Ihem.
The most important of these records, of course, were those upon which the owner-
ship of real estate was established, or proved. Many thousands of deeds were also
lost in the great fire, so that endless confusion and litigation might have resulted had
there not been in existence here private institutions which kept abstracts of all land
or real estate titles. [See Abstracts of Title.] These assisted very materially in
straightening things out, and with the aid of experts in the business the county was
soon in possession once more of complete records. The business of the Recorder's
office is extremely dry and tedious, yet you will be interested in watching the people
who are constantly handing in deeds and mortgages through a little window to be
recorded, and constantly receiving them through another little window after they have
been recorded. Most of them are lawyers, lawyers' clerks, ral estate dealers and
money brokers. Passing other offices of minor importance, we come to those occu-
pied by
The Sheriff At the extreme northeasterly corner of the building. The sheriff is
elected bv the people, as perhaps you know, and has the peace and good older of the
county in his especial ch trge. Yet, as the city of Chicago covers the greater part of
the county just now, or, at least, the most important part of it, the police duties of the
sheriff are rather limited. He looks after the jail and the courts, his deputies being,
as it were, like the sand on the sea-shore. The bailiffs are his underlings, and the liti-
gant is his victim. From the sheriff's offices all summonses of the State courts are
served. One of the duties of this official is to hang a man, for example's sake, period-
ically. But he does this by contract, as he does nearly everything else, from the feed-
ing of jail prisoners to the suppression of public tumults. In the basement, near the
sheriff's office, we also find
The Coroner's Office. The coroner has a number of deputies [see Coroner's
Inquests], and in a big city like Chicago they are all naturally kept busy. There are
sudden deaths, suicides, deaths from accident, homicides and murders to be investi-
gated, and the coroner and his deputies must be on hand before the funerals take
place. The deputies must be acquainted with all languages and must speak many of
them, the English tongue, strange as it may appear, being the least requisite in the
transaction of their business. This might be explained easily by saying that the great
majority of the working people of the city, among whom accidents are the most fre-
quent, are foreigners. Climbing a flight of stairs we reach the first, or main floor of
the Court House. Here
The County Clerk's Office invites our attention, because of the multitude of clerks
we see inside nearly every one of whom wears a light blonde moustache. The fact that
the county clerk is invariably a German or an Irishman, perhaps accounts for this.
The clerks are nice young men, as a rule, and will answer any questions you may put
to them, if they understand your language. In the county clerk's office we find the
marriage license clerk. [See Marriage License*.] It will be interesting to remain here
an hour and take note of the persons who apply for legal permission to wed. Most of
them are gawky young men. Why they should be gawky it is hard to say, but a
young man who is naturally easy in his manner becomes a gawk when he has any busi-
ness of this kind on hand. He isn't used to it, and he is afraid that something will
5G8 GUIDE TO CHICAGO.
happen to prevent the consummation of his wishes. Many are widowers who are will
ing- to take another risk, and not a few are men who have oeen divorced for cause. He
is a very rare sort of man who can not somehow, somewhere or sometime find a mate,
and we see here all sorts and conditions of male humanity from the bandy-legged
to i he hump-backed who have proposed and have been accepted. Our next stopping
place is
The County Treasurer's Office. I will have to ask you to refer to the index that you
may acquaint yourself with the condition of Cook county finances. This is no place
for dry details, nor for figures. We pay our taxes here; we pay a great deal of money
into the County Treasurer's hands for taxes every year, and he pays a great deal out
to meet the current and other expenses of county government. If all the money
received and paid out had been honestly applied duricg the past twenty-five
years, we might have had a gold-burnished dome on the top of the City Hall and
Court House buildings to-day, besides a number of other things equally desirable if
not quite so ornamental. But the tax-payers are not grumbling. In view of all the
circumstances they congratulate themselves that even a small percentage of the
revenue has been used for public purposes. Of late years the stealing' has not been
so great, principally because the opportunities have not been so numerous. The
County Treasurer's office is one of the most interesting in the Court House, for here
we find people who have, by honest toil and industry, secured solid property, cheer-
fully, though not voluntarily, contributing their share towards the payment of public
expenses. Men and women, old and young, are here, native and foreigner, with their
tax bills in one hand and their purses or rolls of money in the other, awaiting their
turn in the long lines that radiate from the different windows. Going up another
flight of stairs we find ourselves among
The Courts. Including the County and Probate courts there are nineteen halls of
justice in the Court House. Some of these are Superior and some Circuit courts. The
difference between them you would not appreciate if told. They have practically
equal jurisdiction. Only the civil courts, however, are held here. The criminal
courts are held on the North Side in the Criminal Court building. The court rooms,
together with the Superiorjand Circuit court clerk's offices, occupy the second, third
and fourth floors of the Court House. The court rooms are all handsomely finished.
They are generally crowded. If you see one you see all. Saturday is given over to
divorce cases in the Superior courts, and, if your taste lies in that direction, you might
spend a highly enjoyable day listening to the testimony and looking at the complain-
ants, witnesses and other spectators. The court crowd is always a motley one, and
mostly a rather interesting one. There are men and women who, like little Miss
Flight, spend day after day in these courts, with no other object in view than the satis-
faction of an insane or an idle curiosity. They will listen to the dreariest testimony
with a degree of interest that fills the wearied juror and jaded judge with shame. On
the top floor of this building is the Law Library [see Law Institute], -which is well
stocked with legal literature and works of reference for the common use of members
of the bar. We will look through the courts, and, if you wish, listen to some of the
testimony or to the monotonous drawl of some attorney who is citing 17 New York
438, or U Arkansas 139, and after that you will be tired enough to go home. I'll meet
you on the La Salle street steps of the City Hall in the morning.
THIRD DAY.
To-day I propose that we shall begin on Lake street and walk pouth on La Salle
street toward the Board of Trade We will not be able to reach that building by
night, for there will be many attractions to detain us on the way among them some
of the grandest and greatest buildings on the globe. But we can begin to-morrow
[Engraved for The Standard Guide Company.]
PRESBYTERIAN CHURCH, PULLMAN, CHICAGO.
[See "Great Industries."]
THE GUIDE. 569
where we leave off this evening. La Salle is now and has been for many years the
money street of the city. It is a street given over almost exclusively to banking,
brokerage, insurance, real estate and general office purposes. Dearborn street is its
only rival. It is safe to say, that there is a greater amount of business transacted on
La Salle than on any street in the city. All this business, outside of the transactions in
the Board of Trade, is done in offices, and to meet the demand for offices the immense
and elegant structures which line the street on either side were erected. Before
reaching these, however, we must notice
The Marine Building. On the northeast corner of Lake and La Salle, not so much
on account of its size or beauty, but because of the associations connected with it.
The building was originally erected to accommodate " The Marine Bank," at one time
a great financial institution, at the head of which was the late John Young Scam-
mon. Mr. Scammon came out of the great fire with wealth, went heavily into real
estate operations, purchased a newspaper, was interested in every enterprise of import-
ance, and went under in the panic of 1873, when the Marine bank failed, and his prop-
erty was scattered to the four winds. Before his death, however, he had recovered
from the blow, and regained a great part of his fortune. The building, which has
recently been enlarged and reconstructed, is owned by the Marine Association, which
is composed of Charles L. Hutchison, Henry C. Durand, John H. Dwight and C. H.
Hamill. It is a seven-story structure, architecturally ornate and perfect in all its
appointments and conveniences. To our right, near the mouth of the tunnel, we
come upon a three-story building, No. 49, under the cornice of which we see the name
Jackson Hall. This was " Long " John Wentworth's contribution to the rebuilding
of Chicago. It will not be deemed unkind to the memory of the dead, but rather the
statement of an historical fact, when I tell you that perhaps there has never lived in
Chicago a man with the means of doing much within his grasp who did less for the
material benefit of the city than " Long " John Wentworth. And it would not be
worth while to speak of. this here were it not for the other historical fact that during
the greater part of his life-time " Long " John Wentworth talked like a man who had
built this city at his own expense and presented it, ready-made, to the public. On
the opposite side of the street, across the mouth of the tunnel, is the Metropolitan
block, a fine building of the fire period, but hardly up to the present standard. Just
over the way, No. 48, is the office of the Spalding Lumber Company. Here you
will see, at his desk in a little ante-room, the Hon. Jesse Spalding, millionaire lumber-
man, formerly collector of this port ; at present one of the government directors of the
Union Pacific railroad, and a man of great prominence and large influence on the
republican side of politics. A plain man is " Uncle Jesse," as he is familiarly called,
and as hard a worker as you will find on the street. " Uncle Jesse " and Uncle " Phil "
Armour the 20-millionaire, whom we will see farther down are great chums and
mutual admirers. A genuine regard, bordering upon schoolboy affection, exists
between them. These two men might have left off work ten years ago with fortunes
large enough to make themselves and their families comfortat.le during all the years
of their lives, but they are happier at their desks than they could possibly be any-
where else. On our right, at the southwest corner of Randolph street, is the remod-
eled Lafayette building, where you will find a number of ocean steamship agencies
.and the French consul. On the opposite side of the street, for an entire block, is
the La Salle street front of the City Hall. To your right, on the corner of the alley,
is the
Merchants' National Bank which occupies a building made notorious in 1877 by
the failure of the State Savings Institution, of which D. D. Spencer was president.
The failure of this bank caused great distress among a very large number of indus-
570 GUIDE TO CHICAGO.
trious working people, and resulted in two or three suicides. Spencer fled to Europe,
and lived in the vicinity of Stuttgart for several years. He returned to Chicago
recently, a broken-down man. The failure of the State Savings Institution was fol-
lowed by the closing of the Fidelity Savings Bank, the Merchants', Farmers' and
Mechanics' (" Bee Hive ") Savings Bank, and some others, and brought savings institu-
tions generally into disrepute. The bank at present occupying the building is one of
the most substantial in the country. [See Merchants' National Bank.] On the
northwest corner of Washington street is the Merchants' building, in which is located
the
National Bank of Americaone of our leading tanking houses. [See National
Bank of America.] The Merchants' building was erected shortly after the fire, when
sandstone was the favorite building material, and when it was customary to carry the
main floor to some height above the street level. It was one of the finest buildings in
the city until the new era of architecture set in. Directly across Washington street,
on the next corner to our right, is the
Union Buildin g. This structure is one of the most familiar in the city, because it is
occupied in part as the central office of the Western Union Telegraph Company.
Here are to be found the Atlas National Bank, the State Bank of Illinois (Felsenthal,
Gross & Miller) and the International Bank all reputable financial concerns. On the
second floor are the offices of the Western Associated Press, from which news is dis-
tributed throughout the country. On the third, fourth and fifth floors are the general
offices and operating rooms of the Western Union Telegraph Company. The head-
quarters of the Military Division of the Missouri were located on the fourth floor of
this building for many years, and Gen. Phil Sheridan occupied the corner room of that
story facing Washington and La Salle sts., from the completion of the building after
the fire until his assumption of the generalship of the army. The Union National
Bank occupied the corner of the first floor for a number of years, and it was during
this time that W. F. Coolbaugh, its president, committed suicide at the foot of the
Douglas monument. Across the street, on the southeast corner of Washington and La
Salle, is the famous
Chamber of Commerce Building. This structure occupies the site of the old
Chamber of Commerce which was erected immediately after the fire and which was
occupied by the Board of Trade until the great commercial edifice at the foot of the
street was completed. The new Chamber of Commerce building is in many respects
the finest commercial structure in the world and certainly one of the grandest office
buildings in the United States. The property upon which itstands cost $650,000, and the
building itself has cost Messrs. Hannah, Lay Company^the owners, over $1,000,000.
Standing upon the mosaic floor on the first story in the center of the bui'ding, throw-
ing back your head and looking up, you will see twelve balconies with their bronzed
railings rising in perfect symmetry above you.. Away at the top and crowning this
grand central court is probably the largest skylight in the world. It is a plate-glass
arch thirty-five feet wide and 1C8 feet long, and its weight is supported on iron and
copper frames which rest upon iron* trusses. The frame is bronzed and finished hand-
somely. Through this mammoth window in the roof a perfect flood of light penetrates
the central court, so that the interior of the building is almost as brightly illuminated
as the exterior during the day. As you look up, if your neck will bear the strain, you
will notice that not a post or a pillar is visible along the sides or between the twelve
balconies, other than those at the north and south ends, the intervening stretch being
perfectly clear and free from obstruction.
The twelve balconies are supported on the cantilever principle. There are 500
office rooms in this structure, every one of which is perfectly lighted. The thir-
THE GUIDE. 571
teenth floor is finished as handsomely as the first. You will notice that the marble
used in the wainscoting from top to bottom is perfectly matched, the grain running
through from slab to slab as perfectly as it did in its native Italian quarry. All of
this marble was quarried in Italy and finished in Belgium for this building. The
mosaic floors contain billions of separate marble blocks, and present a beautiful as
well as a novel sight to the visitor. The ceiling of the main entrance is a charming bit
of mosaic work ; the bronze railings and elevator shaft gratings are all highly finished.
Eight passenger cars and two great freight cars are constantly moving up and down
between the thirteen stories of this magnificent structure. We will go to the top,
the time consumed in the trip being a minute and a quarter, counting stoppages.
Looking down, the people on the floor of the court below seem like pigmies. The
height makes us dizzy and we move away from the bronzo railing feariug that the
natural but unaccountable temptation to throw ourselves over it may gain the mas-
tery^af us. The Chamber of Commerce building is a city within itself. There are
more people doing business inside its walls than you will find in many prosperous
towns, and the amount of business transacted here daily equals that done in some
of the most pretentious communities in the country. Every branch of commerce and
nearly every profession is represented here. We can spend a couple of hours here very
pleasantly, strolling along the different balconies and taking observations of the mul-
titude of people who are constantly streaming into and out of the elevator care.
Leaving the Chamber of Commerce, we find that it is almost noon, and we will take a
lunch at Kern's, across the way, or at Kohlsaat's, on the corner of the court, east of
the Chamber of Commerce building. In either place we will witness an interesting
sight. Thousands of business men, clerks, etc., flock to these and similar restaurants
in the business center daily, where they partake of hasty luncheons, made up princi-
pally of sandwiches, pie, coffee and buttermilk. The food is generally well prepared,
butlt is eaten with a haste, as a rule, which does much toward ruining the health and
souring the dispositions of our people. As we move down La Salle st., after luncheon,
we pass, on our right, the
Mercantile Building. Here we find the old and respectable banking house of
Qreenebaum & Sons [see Greenebaum & Sons], and on the corner of the alley just south
the other equally respectable banking house of A. Loeb & Bro. Lower down,
on the northeast corner of La Salle and Madison sts. is the Metropolitan National
Bank [see Metropolitan National Bank], and across the street from this, on the
northeast corner, is_the beautiful
Tacoma Building towering above its surroundings to the dizzy height of
twelve clear stories. This was among the first of the modern sky-scrapers erected
in Chicago. The corner which it occupies was for years covered by a tumble-down
brick building put up in haste after the fire. It was wiped out to make room for the
" Tacoma." We must spend an hour in this building going to the top by elevator and
walking down. From the twelfth story we are able to obtain a splendid bird's-eye view of
the city, and we can^see far out on Lake Michigan, if the smoke isn't too dense. This is a
colony of offices. [See Office Buildings.] What all the people who occupy the offices;
do, will be a source of wonder to the visitor throughout this and several other trips
but as they are all compelled to pay high rentals it is presumed that they are doing
something to coax the almighty dollar in their direction. Otherwise they would seek
cheaper quarters or establish themselves on the curb-stone in front. Crossing Madi-
son st- we find ion the southwest corner the
Otis Building. The building belongs to a branch of the Otis family, a family, by the
way, which owns some of the most desirable real estate in the city. It is a building of
the lire period, not up to present requisites, although by reason of its central location
it is well and profitably tenanted. On the southeast corner is the
572 GUIDE TO CHICAGO.
Major Block, another fine structure of the same period. For years this ranked as
one of the finest buildings in the city. In any other city it would rank as a great build-
ing now, but it is overshadowed by the giants in'its neighborhood. Just east of the
Major Block, on the corner of Arcade court, is to be erected the new
Y. M. C. A. Building. Pl&ns for this structure have already been drawn. The lot
upon which the building is to be erected adjoins the present property of the Association
which fronts on Madison st., in the rear. This lot has a fifty-two feet frontage on
La Salle st. and 185 feet frontage on Arcade ct., all but seventy-five feet of which is
abundantly lighted, either by the street or a thirty-foot court. It is proposed to utilize
about one-third of the space in the new building for association purposes and the
remainder for offices. The ground floor on La Salle st. will be rented for stores. The'Asso-
ciationwill use two stories on the" La Salle st. side and seven stories in the rear on Arcade
ct. It wilfbe a building within a building, the architectural arrangement providing for
separate entrances on both sides for the Association and those who rent offices, o that
the two classes of tenants will have no connection with each other. From the seventh
or gymnasium floor, where the Association's rooms end, there will be a square light
shaft 18x29 feet running to the top story, so that the interior of the building will
resemble the Rookery in its facilities for light. The Andrews estate property pur-
chase, with the present valuation of the land in the rear, now occupied by Farwell
Hall, and the proposed cost of the new building, will make the entire investment fully
$1,100,000. From this point south on La Salle st,
The People We Pass are as interesting as the buildings. We are apt to be jostled
against the famous produce and grain operators at any point now and we will not
know it unless we have a previous acquaintance with their personal appearance. On
this street many millionaires have their offices. That medium-sized and rather ordinary
looking man who has just turneu out ot his way for us is
Sidney Kenta, man of great wealth, large brain and wonderful resources. You
will be told of several of his transactions. That stout gentleman with the mutton-
chop whiskers, rather reddish in color, is P. D. Armour. He is returning to his office
from the club where he has lunched. That young man with the Jewish caste of coun-
tenance, bright eye and clean-cut movement of limb is Chas. L. Hutchinson, the
youngest millionaire and one of the most intelligent men in the city. He gets more
genuine comfort out of his wealth than most of them, for he is a cultured man and a
devotee of art. You have heard of him in connection with the Art Institute. There
are heavy men on all sides of us, and the assistants and employes of heavy men, but we
must say a word about
Bryan Block before we go any farther, or we will forget it. Bryan Block is
another of the back-number great buildings of the city. I very well remember that
tif teen years ago it was pointed out with pride ; now it isn't pointed out at all. It is
occupied, however, by the agencies ot great insurance companies, real estate men,
bankers, brokers, etc., and its central location makes it one of the most valuable pieces
of property in the city. Some day a great building will occupy the site, for the ground
upon which it stands is far too valuable for a live-story edifice. Across the strpet is
the old
Republic, Life Building. The insurance company from which it derived its name has
long since gone out of existence . This building was used by the CustomHouse and United
States courts for several years alter the fire, or until the present go\ r ernment building
was erected. Now it is an office building. Here are located the rooms of the Builders'
Exchange and the Central Woman's Christian Temperance Union, as well as the offices
of Dun's Commercial Agency. On the corner below, just east of the Republic build-
ing, is the only structure in the business part of the city which escaped destruction in
THE GUIDE. 573
the great fire. A slab is imbedded in the building informing you of that fact. It was
not completed at the time, however, and its immunity was dtie to the fact that the bare
walls alone were standing. There was no inflammable material on the inside. Now
we will stop here for the day, in order that you may have an opportunity of inspecting
the work upon the big building being erected on the corner diagonally opposite. I
will tell you about this building in the morning.
FOURTH DAY.
I parted with you last evening on the corner of La Salle and Monroe sts., after sug-
gesting that you make an inspection of the work going on at the corner diagonally
opposite. This is the north west corner of the streets named. Here a few years ago Mr.
Marshall Field laid the foundations for a great office building. A legal dispute arose
between him and his former business partner, Mr. Leiter, who owned property adjoin-
ing, the facts concerning which it is not necessary for you to know, and the work was
abandoned. The lot was fenced in for three or four years, and finally the Woman's
Ch istian Temperance Union secured a ninety-nine year lease of the property from
Mr. Field, organized a syndicate with sufficient capital, and began the erection of a
structure to be known as the
Temperance Temple. The familiar name of this building now, however, is "The
Temple." The Temple, as it now stands, is one of the sights of Chicago, and the equal
of any one of the many magnificent structures that now adorn the city. In style it is a
combination of the old Gothic and the more modern French. For the first two stories
the material used is gray granite with a dash of pink running thi\ ughit. Above that
is used pressed brick and terra cotta. This harmonizes nicely with the granite, taking
on a tone and color the same, with the exception that it will be u darker pink. The
frontage on La Salle street is 190 feet, while 011 Monroe it is ninety feet. In shape the
temple is somewhat novel and might be likened to the lettar H. It consists of two
immense wings united by a middle portion or vinculum. On La Salle street is a court
seventy feet long and thirty feet wide, and on Monroe street a similar one of the same
length and eighteen feet deep. Facing the grand entrance and arranged in a semi-
circle are eight great elevators, and from the front court rise two grand stairways
leading clear to the top of the building. A central hall extends north and south on
each floor and a tran verse one also extends into the wings. The lower courts and halls
are resplendent with marble mosaic paving, while plain marble is used in the upper
halls. In height th temple is a "sky-scraper," extending thirteen stories towards the
heavens. A peculiar and pleasing effect has been gained by causing the building line
to retreat at the tenth story, where the immense roof, containing three stories, com-
mences, breaking as it ascends into Gothic turrets. From the center of these turrets
spring a fleche of gold bronze seventy feet high. This is surmounted by the graceful
form of a woman, whose face is upturned and hands outstretched in piayer. On the
granite around the grand entrance are carved the coats of arms of the various States
of the Union. Upon the corner-stone is engraved the national legend of the W. C. T.
U . : " For God, for Home and Native Land. 1890." On the reverse is the W. C. T. U.
monogram and beneath, "Organized 1874." Such is the general appearance of thia
noble structure. The purposes for which it is utilized are manifold. On the lower floor
are located three banks and a memorial hall to be known as Willard Hall. It is need-
less to say that the name is in honor of that great temperance worker, Frances Willard.
The audience room will easily seat 800 people without the galleries and is as entirely shut
off from the rest of the building as though it were not in it. The entrance is through
a wide hail opening off Monroe street. It is an amphitheatre in shape and in the center
will be a beautiful fountain. Nearly every window in it is a handsome memorial one,
and from numerous pedestals rise the busts of illustrious persons who have lived and
674 GUIDE TO CHICAGO.
died for the cause of temperance. The hall and the entrance leading to it are used as
tablets on which to inscribe the names of those who have subscribed the sum of $100
or over t > the building fund. In a large vault opening off the hall will be kept a rec-
ord of the work done in each State in the Union. In short, Willard Hall is intended
to be to the temperance cause what Westminster Abbey is to England's great celebri-
ties. The Woman's National Publishing House find headquarters there, as well as the
W. C. T. U. Most of the building, however, will be rented and the income from this
source it is estimated will be $250,000 a year. It might be mentioned that little wood
has been used in the construction and the building is perfectly fire-proof. Work was
begun in July, 1890, and the temple was ready for occupancy in the month of May,
1892. The entire cost was about $1,100,000. Further south on La Sal le street, at No.
187, is the
Calumet Building A. magnificent modern office structure, and one of the first of
the great buildings erected after the locating of the Board of Trade at the foot of the
street. The Calumet would be a more striking piece of architecture to-day if it were
not so close to some others which are still more striking. For instance, the
Home Insurance Building -At No. 05, just South of the Calumet, on the same side
of the street. [See Architecture.] This magnificent pile was originally nine stories
in height, but two additional stories were added in 1890-91, making it one of the tallest
structures, as well as one of the most graceful, in the city. The grand entrance on
LaSalle st. is one of peerless beauty a veritable marble hall, and a portal such as no
palace in Europe can boast of. The entire building from the first to the eleventh
floor is wainscoted in Italian marble of the finest vein, and is beautifully matched
and polished. Messrs. Ducat & Lyon have had the management of the magnificent
edifice in charge from its inception to the present time. As you enter the building
two flights of marble stairways face you, both leading to an entresol, on the right of
which is the Union National Bank (see Union National Bank) and on the left the
counting house of Armour & Co. The Union National Bank interior is perhaps the
most beautiful in Chicago. There will be no objection to our taking a view of it. We
are under the eye of the Bank's private detective from the time we enter, and even if
we weren't there is no opportunity here for carrying away any of the funds, unless
we have a check in our possession and can be properly identified. The money vaults
and counters are all securely walled in behind glass, bronze and mahogany, only the
president, cashier and assistant cashier being outside the former in the rotunda, the
latter in a private room to the right. The furniture and fixtures of this beautiful
interior are the work of the well-known house of A. H. Andrews & Co. [See
A. H. Andrews & Co.] Let us walk across the entresol and enter the counting
house of
Armour & Co. This is one immense office taking in the entire first floor
space of the north wing of the building. Did you ever see such a hive? There
must be three hundred employes of all grades here, the majority of whom are
writing at little desks arranged in a manner suggestive of the school-room.
A great many of those who are not writing are managers of departments, and these
are talking business to callers. And there is a perfect procession of callers. You
can not see anybody unless you are announced by young men standing near the door.
They call the person you want to see. The person you want to see has other callers
and you must wait. The central figure in this great room, of course, is Mr. P. D.
Armour. He sits at a table-desk to the left, and may be engaged in looking over a
newspaper, or in conversation with a visitor or one of his department managers.
Whatever he is doing he has a pleasant, benevolent, kindly expression on his face,
THE GUIDE. 575
and his face is the index to his character. The name of Armour & Co. is familiar to the
people of all countries. It is interesting to notice with what perfect system the estab-
lishment is conducted. Of course we don't see the bustling side of it in the Counting 1
House. We must go to the Stock Yards for that. [Sec Union Stock Yards-] The
Northwestern Masonic Aid Association, of Chicago, the largest insurance company in
Lliiu is, and the second largest simi.ar organization in the wji\d, has its home office in
this building, occupying nearly the entire tenth floor, which is required for the accom-
modation of its immense business. Here is received nnd disbursed to the widows and
orphans of its deceased members about $ ',000,000 annually. A visit to their offices will
be of interest, for there can be seen the thorough system necessary to the successful
p osecution of the business of li e insurance. And the president, Daniel J. Avery, or
the secretary, J. A. Stoddard, will give us a cordial welcoin , for they invite inspection
of their business. There are a number of banking houses in the Home Insurance
building, beside safety vau.ts, ttc., all of which are worth visiting. On the opposite
side of the street, up one I ight of stairs, in a plainly furnished office overlooking
Adams street, we might find the millioiuvre, George L. Dunlap, who during recent
years has practically retired from active service, although he is still a power in the
money center. You can spend the remainder of the day on these corners. Perhaps
you would like to go through the
Rand- Me X< till/ Building Where the World's Fair headquarters are located. If
BO, you will find this to be one of the most magnificent structures in the world.
The publishing and printing house of Hand, McNally & Co. started in 1856,
since which date the remarkable growth of its map and book-publishing busi-
ness has necessitated several removals and enlargements of quarters. Every
time it has shortly found itself cramped for room, until the recent removal
into the new buiWing, 162 to 174 Adams St., which makes ample provisions for
future expansion. This building is a model in size, convenience and durability,
and absolutely fire-proof. It has ten stories and a basement, with a frontage of
150 feet on Adams st , extending back 166 feet to Quincy st. The framework is
entirely of steel, the two fronts are fire-proofed with dark-red terra-cotta. in hand-
some designs, and the interior is fire-proofed with hard-burnt fire-clay, no part of the
steel being exposed. In the center of the building is left a court 60x66 feet, having its
outer walls faced with English white enamelled bricks. Owing partly to its great
size, and partly to the fact that it is the first steel building in Chicago, besides being
probably the largest and most complete building ever erected exclusively for the
printing and publishing business, it is exciting a great deal of interest. Burnham &
Root were the architects. The following facts concerning it illustrate in a striking
manner the vastness and solidity of a modern commercial building. It contains 15
miles of steel-railway-65-pound rails in the foundation, besides the 12-inch and 20-inch
steel beams. There are 12 miles of 15-inch steel beams jnd channels, 2^ miles of ties
and angles in the roof ; 7 miles of tie rods ; 10 miles of Z steel in the columns ; 12 miles of
steam-pipe ; 350,000 rivets and bolts ; 7 acres of floors ; the boards of which would reach
250 miles were they laid end to end. Th" foundations contain 1,000 tons of steel, while
the beams, etc., will weigh 2,000 tons, and the columns 700 tons ; making a total of 3,7f
tons of steel in this giant structure. The offices of the various departments of the
Columbian Exposition are accessible by elevator. Just now everybody from the
Director General down is very busy, but that need not prevent you from looking
around. They will answer your questions civilly everybody is civil in Chicago but
don't ask too many at present. Perhaps you would prefer to drop into the
Insurance Exchange Building Another magnificent structure, on the corner of
Adams and La Salle, which is devoted altogether to banks and offices. Here a num-
576 GUIDE TO CHICAGO.
ber of the leading operators on the Board of Trade are to be found. To-morrow we
will begin by visiting the great building on the opposite corner.
FIFTH DAY.
It wouldn't be a waste of time if we were to give a week to La Salle st. alone, but
as we must see the principal attractions of Chicago in thirty-one days it is necessary
for us to move along rapidly. To-day, as I suggested last evening, we will begin with
the
Rookery Building. How it came by this odd name is explained in the " Encyclope-
dia." You will also find some interesting facts in regard to it under the head of
" Architecture." Chicago people are not exactly settled in their minds as to whether
the " Hookery " or the " Chamber of Commerce " is the finest office building in the city.
The Rookery is the larger, however, and in many respects the most elegant of our
office structures. It cost, exclusive of the ground upon which it stands (the property
of the municipality), very nearly $1,500,000. It is finished in the most expensive fashion
throughout. There isn't a cheap feature connected with it. The grand rotunda is in
iteelf a beautiful bit of architecture, but the building to be properly appreciated must
be taken as a whole. There is not a commercial structure in the world that compares
with it in size, in elegance or in convenience. There are three distinct groups of ele-
vators, two on the La Salle st. and one on the Monroe st. side, and the people occupy-
ing the top floors are practically as well situated, so far as accessibility is concerned,
as those on the first floor. The Mosaic work in the structure is superb. Like the
Chamber of Commerce and Home Insurance buildings, the wainscoting is all of Ital-
ian marble. Every room in the building is lighted perfectly. There is not the slightest
jar felt here, and those in the upper stories are practically removed from the noise
and bustle of the streets below. There are over 600 offices here, all occupied, the ten-
ants being principally Board of Trade men, agents of Eastern and foreign mercan-
tile houses, agents of manufacturing concerns real estate dealers, brokers and lawyers.
We will go through the building, beginning at the top. It will consumean hour or two,
perhaps, but it will be time well spent. As we leave the Rookery we are in the center
of the Board of Trade district, and we are surrounded by massive structures. Oppo-
site us is the Insurance Exchange building, which we saw yesterday, Mailer's building-,
the Gaff building and the Counselman building all great structures towering upward
from ten to twelve stories. To our left as we move south is the Grand Pacific Hotel [see
Hotels], and facing us the Board of Trade building. [See Board of Trade building.]
You have been told about the Board of Trade already; given its dimensions, cost, etc.;
infcrmed how to gain admittance to the gallery, etc. It is only necessary for me to
show you up the main stairway and leave you here for the next two hours. You
are just in time to see the Board in full operation. From the gallery you will have a
perfect view of the floor. After you leave ihere you will have time to go through the
Rialto building in the rear, slhd, perhaps, to see the great buildings which line Pacific
ave. on the one side and Sherman st. on the other. Among the structures worthy of a
visit are the Phoenix building, which faces the Grand Pacific; the Grand Pacific itself;
the Traders' building, 10 Pacific ave.; the Commerce building, 16 Pacific ave.; the Open
Board building, 24 Pacific ave.; the Brother Jonathan building, 2 Sherman st ; the
Wheeler building, 6 Sherman st.; and the
Royal Insurance Building. Situated on Jackson st., between La Salle and Fifth
ave., and at the head of Sherman st., almost opposite the Board of Trade. The Royal
Insurance building, in accordance with the latest dictates of modern architecture, is
composed of a pressed brick rear with an imposing facade of brown sandstone carved
into beautiful figures. The style may be termed Ionic, with an admixture of Corin-
thian on the lower floors, where the windows and main entrances are arched and sculp-
THE GUIDE. 577
tured in many fanciful designs. The interior appointments are on a scale of magnifi-
cence in keeping with the exterior design. The offices are large, well lighted and well
ventilated. This building practically fronts on two streets Jackson and Quincy. By
the time you have visited these buildings you will need a rest.
SIXTH DAY.
Before leaving the Board of Trade district, a few words concerning that portion of
the city may be of interest to you. The great fire of 1871 left the neighborhood per-
fectly bare as far south as Harrison st. For nearly ten years after the fire the only
buildings of prominence in that section of the city were the Grand Pacific Hotel and
the Chicago, Rock Island & Pacific Depot. The latter could be seen plainly from
Madison st. The block in front, now covered by the Board of Trade and the Rialto
buildings, was vacant. To the east was Pacific, then known as " Biler " ave., one of
the most disreputable streets of the city, built up with hastily constructed tenements
which were occupied by the most depraved of men and women, black, white and
mixed. The name "Biler" ave., originated in the mispronunciation of "Boiler," a
nick-name given to the street, because of the number of locomotives belonging to
the Rock Island and Lake Shore roads which puffed day and night along its western
edge. Next, to the east, came South Clark st., a thoroughfare given over to low saloons,
pawnbrokers' shops, " fences" for thieves, concert saloons, dance houses, low grogeries
and bagnios. East of Clark st. was Fourth ave., another street surrendered almost
entirely to the lowest class of scarlet women. One high building stood on the street
and was occupied, in part by the Religio-Philosophical Journal. Its editor, a man
named Pike, was murdered at his desk in this building, about the time I am speaking
of. Eastof Fourth ave. was Dearbornst., a "No Thoroughfare," and without a build-
ing worth mentioning, although squatters had taken possession of it from Jackson
st. south to Polk st. East of Dearborn was Third ave., a street of dives and bagnios
just a trifle lower than any yet named. Then came State St., which from Van Buren
to Twenty-second st., was occupied by the very scum of the population, and utterly
abandoned to vice and criminals. The entire district from Van Buren st. south to
Twenty-second st., and from the railroad tracks to and including the east line of State
st., was in the hands of thugs, thieves, murderers and prostitutes. In the midst of it
was the Harrison st. or "Armory" police station, and the policemen who were sent
out to do patrol duty in this section were frequently brought back on stretchers.
There were portions of the district which no policemen would dare to enter alone in
the day-time,and which it would have been suicidal for him to enter in the night-time.
Some of the bravest officers on the force were shot or stabbed, or beaten so badly
that they were never again able to perform their duties. The territory received the
name of
" Cheyenne." This name was given to it because when the Union Pacific railroad
was being constructed, and for several years afterward Cheyenne was the wickedest
town on the line. To-day, Cheyenne is a peaceable and prosperous little city, and
its people have retaliated by dubbing the only disorderly part of their town " Chicago."
S. State st. was known for years as
"Z7ie Levee" A name which still clings to it in police circles, although it has gone
through an almost complete transformation, physically and morally. The name
" Levee " was used because the Levees of the Mississippi river towns bore the
reputation of being generally tough, and because they were and are the haunts of a
vicious class of negroes. The entire negro population of Chicago gravitated toward
"Cheyenne " and the "Levee" before and after the great fire, and S. Clark and S. State
sts. to-day are much frequented by colored people. A mighty change has come over
this district during a decade.
Pacific Avenue is no longer given over entirely to the vicious and criminal classes,
578 GUIDE TO CHICAGO.
as formerly, although I wouldn't advise you to take your evening walks on the south-
ern part of it. Many magnificent commercial structures now line this thoroughfare.
On the avenue, opposite the Rock Island depot, is Marshall Field & Co.'s barn, a
splendid building in itself and devoted to the use of the firm's magnificent draught
horses and the men who care for them. This building has been enlarged during recent
years and I am told that some of the upper floors are used for the storage of " reserve
stock." In view of the fact that the firm has the largest wholesale building in the
city: that it occupies its old wholesale store as a warehouse for reserve goods, and that
t carries constantly an immense amount of stock in the IT. S. bonded warehouses'
this will strike you as being strange. But it seems as though it is difficult for Marshall
Field & Co. to find storage room enough. We will talk about this firm later on, how-
ever. A trip down
South Clark Street will be interesting. The morals of this thoroughfare have not
improved very much during recent years. Modern improvements have steadily
encroached, however, upon the rookeries which have lined this artery since the fire,
and now south of Jackson st. we find some handsome structures of the most modern
type, notably the Hotel Grace, Gore's Hotel and McCoy's Hotel. But further to the
south are the dens and dives that have made the street infamous. Just here, at the
southeast corner of Van Buren and Clark sts . , is the Pacific Mission. For years it was
Jerry Monroe's "Pacific Garden," and the resort of the vilest of the vile. A few doors
below a Polish Jew, named Lesser Freidberg, kept a pawn-broker's shop and " fence "
for thieves about eleven years ago. One night the branch house of E.S. Jaflrey & Co.,
of New York, which occupied the building on Fifth ave., between Madison and Wash-
ington sts., latterly the Chicago Herald office, was entered by burglars and robbed .
The stolen goods were placed in a wagon, which was driven to Freidberg's. Just as
the burglars were unloading it a police officer named Race came along. His suspic-
ions were aroused and he attempted to capture one of the thieves supposed to be
Johnny Lamb. The thief shot him dead, right here, in front of the shop, jumped into
the wagon and drove off. Lamb and another thief named ''Sheeny George" were
arrested, tried, convicted and sentenced to be hanged, but escaped all punishment for
this crime finally. Freidberg was sent to the penitentiary for five years. He was a
wealthy man at the time of bis arrest. The last time I saw him he was mending con-
victs' clothing in the penitentiary at Joliet, about the most humiliating work that could
possibly be assigned him. He came out and found that his wife had secured a divorce.
His property was all gone. He was arrested a short time ago for vagrancy. There is
a moral here, but you may not see it. Pawnbrokers' shops kept by Polish Jews are to
be found all along here. Wherever you find, poverty and vice you will also find pawn-
brokers' shops. They seem to pull together. I don't know how many of them are
" fences" for thieves now, but you may rest asured that some of them are. Only a
short time ago just such an institution as that managed by the late Mr. Fagin wa3
broken up down here. In this instance the fence-keeper's name was Levi. Here we
pass concert saloons conducted by a class of men who bear a name which I need not
mention. Here also we come upon "gin mills," conducted by bloated and murderous-
looking ruffians, who will first stupefy and then rob you, if you give them a chance.
It is in these dives that men are " doped." If there were fewer of them there would be
fewer " floaters " picked up in the Chicago river. Here we pass the brothels and
bagnios, where depraved women, white and black, pursue their avocations and carry
on, in company with the males of their class, nightly orgies that are either unseen or
unnoticed by the police. Respectable people are not in much danger down here, for
the very good reason that respectable people are seldom to be found loitering around
this neighborhood. We are in
THE QUiDE. 579
T7ie Slums. It was quite the " fad " in fashionable circles not long since to "go
slumminir," and the city detectives were frequently requested to conduct a party of
nice young ladies and gentlemen through the vicious quarters of the city. It is no
longer a " fad," although the practice has by no means died out. Such an excursion
has its advantages as well as its drawbacks. While a young lady can not very well see
any thing during a " slumming " trip that is not repugnant to her tiner sensibilities, and
while she will see much that is shocking, or ought to be, to her modesty, yet she will
learn that the path of vice is a thorny one, and that her fallen sisters are more in need
of her pity than they are deserving of her scorn. While the great majority of the
lewd women of the city spring from the lower ranks of society, and are, as a matter
of fact, born into viciousness, a great number of them are giris who were well born,
well reared and well educated. The causes of their downfall are innumerable, and,
strange as it may appear, but very few of them can trace their rum back to the deceit
or perfidy of man. In not an inconsiderable number of instances these fallen women
who come from the higher walks of society owe their misfortune primarily to an ambi-
tion, unsupported by an ability, to shine as actresses. We might walk all over this dis-
trict and find merely a repetition of the scenes which surround us now. In a little
while we will leave the district and the subject behind us. But first let us call your
attention to the
Lodging Houses. There are cheap lodging houses scattered throughout the city.
There are some on the North Side and some on the West Side, but the lowest class of
lodging houses are located down this way. Here the wearied traveler may secure a
night's lodging for five cents. That is, by going down into the cellar and paying over
a nickel to the proprietor he will be permitted to climb into one of the bunks ranged
in tiers along either side of the dismal cavern. The bunk is without mattress or bed-
ding. It is simply the soft side of a pine board. But it beats walking the streets. If
it be winter, there is a blazing fire in a stove which stands in the middle of the cellar.
If it be summer, the cellar is cool. No robberies are ever committed in these cellars,
for obvious reasons. There are no signs cautioning guests to place their jewelry and
money in the office safe. Such a caution would be looked upon as heartless and bitter
irony. But there are cellars where the traveler, for ten cents, may secure a bunk with
a straw mattress. These are considered among the patrons of the five-cent cellars
places of gilded luxury. Again, there are lodging houses where a bedstead a real
bedstead, with real bedding and real bed covering may be secured per night at the
uniform rate of fifteen cents. And a single room can be rented for twenty-five cents.
But only the aristocrats of " Cheyenne" and the " Levee " squander their money for
twenty-five cent rooms. Twenty-five cents to most of the lodging-house patrons means
three drinks of barrel-house whisky, a free lunch, a cigar and a bed. We will take in
South State street before we part for the day. The purchase of a long strip of prop-
erty along this j;horoughfare by the Santa Fe railway company resulted in the demo-
lition of a large number of the disreputable houses which lined one side of it a few
> ears ago. South State street is growing better year after year. To-morrow we will
look around reconstructed, reformed and rebuilt " Cheyenne."
SEVENTH DAY.
No portion of the city has undergone a more complete transformation and refor-
mation during the past ten years than that section which is penetrated on the north
by Fourth ave., Dearborn st. and Third ave. As before remarked. Dearborn st. up to
ten years ago was not even opened. To-day it is lined from Adams to Polk st. with some
of the most magnificent buildings in the city. The Post Office and Custom House,
sometimes called the Government building, stood practically alone here for many
years, except that it was faced by the Grand Pacific Hotel anJ the Lakeside building on
the west, and by the Honore block on the north. Now it is hemmed in on all sides by
580 GUIDE TO CHICAGO.
palatial structures. On the southeast corner of Adams and Dearborn is tha beautiful
Owings building, which rises to the height of fourteen stories, presenting a novel and
interesting innovation in architectural design. Just north of the building and directly
opposite the Post Office is the sixteen-story steel building, which is to be known as
The Great Northern Hotel. This is now one of the largest first-class hotels of Chicago.
It is all finished in the highest style of art and conducted as a high- class commercial
hotel, on the European and American plans. On the southwest corner of Dearborn
and Jackson streets, and running through to Fourth avenue, are the twin structures,
known as the
Monadnock and Kearsarge buildings. These magnificent piles occupy the entire
space lying between Jackson and Van Buren sts. and Dearborn and Fourth ave. The
Monaduock occupies the north half, the Kearsarge the south half of the area. They
form in reality but one building, and are divided in name merely because the undi-
vided structure is too large for the common person to find anybody in it. This is one
of the most imposing structures in the city. It is all steel, fire-proofed and finished in
granite and marble, sixteen stories high. On the Jackson and Van Buren st. fronts
two sets of bay windows run from the second story to the top, and on the Dearborn st.
and Fourth ave. sides two sets run from the second story to the top. The foundation and
walls are said to be the heaviest of any building in the city. The entire length is 409
feet by 66Hj feet in width. It was erected as an office block for the Brooks estate. No
saloons-are allowed in this palatial structure. The building cost $3,000,000. Passing a
number of great buildings we come to the
Manhattan Building. This colossal fire-proof structure overtopped until recently
every other office building in the city by at least three stories. Being situated on the
leading business and financial street in Chicago, \iear the Post Office, depots and
Board of Trade, with which it is connected by pneumatic tubes, it has become a very
popular structure. It has sixteen stories and basement of solid masonry and an inner
frame of steel and iron, incased in terra cotta. The interior is embellished with orna-
mental bronze and antique copper, polished marble and jaspis wainscoting, mosaic
floors and ornamental ceilings. The small amount of woodwork that enters into the
structure is antique oak. The appointments as to elevator service, electric light, heat
and general conveniences embrace every improvement known to modern science, and
are unequaled by any building as yet erected in Chicago. The
Monon Building farther to the south on the right, so in the Manhattan, is a very
handsome and popular office building-, and is occupied by persons more or less related
to the printing and publishing business. The cost of the Monon was $500,009
and of the Manhattan, $800,fOO. The Manhattan was comploted for occupancy late in
1891. The center of the district of sky-scrapers is reaching from the vicinity of the
Board of Trade down to this neighborhood on Dearborn street. There, within a year,
will stand completed in the radius of a block the following colossal Ijuildings: Man-
hattan, Monon, Caxton, Monadnock, Kearsarge, Chicago and the fourteen-storied
pile of steel and glass at Dearoorn and Harrison streets. Among those mentioned
The Caxton Building deserves our attention. This elegant structure, at 328 to 334
Dearborn street, is one of three buildings of its kind erected in this city. It is thor-
oughly fire-proof throughout, constructed of steel to beams and girders. The walls
are of terra-cotta and pressed brick, of the best quality, and the partitions are of hollow
tile. The offices are large and commodious and in their plans special care has been
taken to finish them in a manner affording the greatest convenience and comfort to
the occupants. Just south, on the corner of Harrison and Dearborn streets, is
The Pontiac Building. This is another wonderful structure, fourteen stories in heieht,
and constructed entirely of steel. A large number of publishers may be found here.
THE GUIDE. 581
The Graphic, the Western British American, the Orange Judd Farmer, Furniture, the
Figaro, and other popular publications are issued here. The Orcutt Lithographing
company is also to be found here, occupying two floors. Here also is published the
Banker's and Attorney's Register. In this building, from suite 1003, are issued "THE
STANDARD GUIDE TO CHICAGO," and " THE HAND BOOK OF THE WORLD'S COLUMBIAN
EXPOSITION," The Standard Guide Company (Flinn & Shepard) publishers. Further
south, to our left, we come to the great building occupied by
Donohue & Henneberry, the printers, binders and publishers. This was one of the
first of the great office buildings erected on South Dearborn street. It has a frontage
also on Third avenue. It is eight stories in height and finished after the most modern
fashion. The upper part of the building is occupied by the various departments of
Uonohuu & Henneberry's establishment -counting rooms, offices, book rooms, com-
position rooms, bindery rooms, etc. The lower floors are given over to numerous
publishing firms, newspaper offices, advertising offices, printers 1 supply offices, etc.
The immense basement is occupied by Donohue & Henneberry's presses book, job,
newspaper, etc., of the latest and most approved modern make. The firm of Donohue
iV- Henneberry is one of the most prominent in the United States. It turns out an
immense number of bound volumes annually, besides catalogues and other printed
matter of the higher grade. Leaving Donohue & Henneberry's we find ourselves in
front of the beautiful Dearborn Station, which is described elsewhere in this volume.
Before abandoning the district for good, however, we wHl walk north on Third avenue.
This locality, as you will notice, is given over to interests connected with the
printing business. Immense job printing establishments, printing press salesrooms,
printing ink depots, weekly newspaper offices, patent-inside and Ipatent-outside
offices, theatrical printing houses, binderies, etc., etc., are passed one after another
until we find ourselves on Jackson street once more. The
Post Office Building is.referred to elsewhere. [See Post Office.] It will be torn down
or else it will fall down before long. i,The Honore building on the northwest corner of
Dearborn and Adams streets was formerly the pride of the city. It is a great struct-
ure now, but old-fashioned. The great new " Fair " building is being erected opposite.
[See Fair Building.] The
Temple Court Building, at 217 Dearborn street, is close by. This structure has 200
offices and is one of the handsomest in the city. To the nortd is the
Adams Express Building, one of the finest office structures in the city, ten stories
in height and elegantly finished. Next to it is the Commercial National Bank building,
another beautiful edifice. Across the street is the Howland Block, erected by H. H.
Honore, and at one time pronounced the finest office building in the country, but at
present a back number. On the next corner, same side of the street, or, to be exact, on
the northeast corner of Dearborn and Monroe streets, is the
First National Bank Building & structure frequently referred to in this volume.
[See First National Bank.] This building was erected on the site of the old
Post Office and Custom House, destroyed by fire in 1871. After the fire the ruin was
transformed into the Adelphia, afterward Haverly's Theatre. The First National
Bank secured a lease of the ground from the School Board, and erected a $500,000
block upon it in 1882. The bank pays 6 per cent, on the value of the property. The
building is six stories high, and is one of the most substantial structures in the country.
The entire first floor is used by the bank, and is said to be the finest and largest bank-
ing room in the world. The visitor will find this an interesting place during business
hours. [See Illustration.] Across the street is the office of the Evening Journal,
Thompson's immense restaurant where four thousand meals are served every day,
the Saratoga and the Windsor Hotels and the Stock Exchange building. [See Stock
582 GUIDE TO CHICAGO,
Exchange.] On the southeast corner of Madison and Dearborn streets is the Tribune
building and publication office [see Tribune] and on the corner diagonally opposite is
the Inter Ocean building and publication office. To the right, just half a block down
Madison street, is McVicker's theatre. Keeping straight ahead up Dearborn street
we pass many elegant buildings, and come to the
Portland Block, on the southeast cornerof Dearborn and Washington streets. This
is an imposing structure of modern design. Built soon after the fire, the Portland
block stands as a monument to the energy of capitalists whose faith in the future of
Chicago was not shaken by the overwhelming misfortune. They had no scruples
about placing $200,100 in this structure, which has always ranked as a popular place
for the old and conservative men engaged in professional and mercantile pursuits.
To keep pace with modern improvements its owners have recently spent $30,000 in
providing new light-shafts and lowering the entrance to the level of the street. Sixty
suites of rooms are occupied principally by lawyers and capitalists. Crossing Wash-
ington street we come to the
Chemical Bank Building, one of the most magnificent structures of its kind in the
city. The building is owned by the Abstract Safety Vault Company. There are 1U
elegant offices in the building, arranged in suites of three rooms each, fitted up in
the most modern style. We come now to the
Unity Building, a sixteen-story structure, of steel and glass, and one of the most
graceful specimens of modern commercial architecture to be seen here This building
bears a name which is familiar to all old Chicagoans. The former Unity building was
considered a first-class office structure after the great fire, but it soon passed into the
fourth or fifth class. It is said the McCormick Block, adjoining, is to be torn down to
make room for another immense office building. The new skyscraper will probably
be erected after the Fair. The McCormick block has a frontage of 100 feet on
Dearborn street and a frontage of eighty feet on Eandolph street. This property
was purchased by L. J. McCormick from C. H. McCormick, March 26, 1877, for
$360,000. Mr. McCormick has since refused $450,000 for his purchase. The prop-
erty between the McCormick corner and the alley is now owned by Dr. T. G.
Richardson. It has a Dearborn street frontage of eighty feet and a depth of 1.0
feet. It was purchased from Eugene S. Pike, in 1880, for 868,894. The building then
on the property was known as the Rice building. Dr. Richardson improved the build-
ing and called it the Unity building. Judge J. P Altgeld recently leased the Unity
Block property for a term of ninety-nine years, with the agreement to erect a building
costing not less than $150,000 before May 1, 1895. It now seems probable that four
years before the stipulated time these improvements will be inaugurated. The plan,
substantially, is to improve the entire 180 feet of frontage with one of the biggest office
and business buildings in Chicago. On our way north we pass the Borden Block, the
Tremont House and several other handsome buildings. It is now time to leave off
sight-seeing for the day. We will meet on the State street bridge to-morrow morning.
EIGHTH DAY.
Starting from State st. bridge this morning we will endeavor to do the great retail
avenue of Chicago, or at least a portion of it, before the day closes. This thorough--
fare, as it opens out before us, from the slight elevation on which we stand, is one of
the grandest commercial arteries in the world. By looking up " State Street " in the
Index you will learu that it is the longest in the city, extending as it does from North
ave. to the southern limits, a distance of eighteen miles. There are streets in Paris, espe-
cially those converging at the Grand Opera House, which, by reason of the uniformity
of the style of architecture so closely adhered to under the last empire, present a more
pleasing view at first sight, perhaps, than does State- st. from this point. This very uni-
formity in style soon becomes tiresome, and the visitor is half inclined to wish that it were
THE GUIDE. 583
broken here and there, no matter how. If you are fr >m Paris, State st. will remind
you of Avenue de 1'Opera, or of the Avenue Malsherbes, from the steps of the Made-
lame ; if from Berlin, Frederich Strasse or Leipzif?er Strasse will be recalled to your
mind ; if from Vienna, you will see a resemblance to some sections of the Ring Strasse ;
if from London, Regent st. may be suggested ; if from Dublin, a part of Sackville st..
a:though you will miss the Nelson Monument. All of the great streets of the world
to-day bear a strong resemblance to each other, although there is in reality a vast dif-
ference between them. But let us be moving. We pass
South Water St., and pause for a moment to look Bast and West. Here apparently
is a blockade and a confusion of tongues wagon and human. The street is completely
clogged. It would be all your life is worth to venture down the middle of it, and you
can only pass along the sidewalks by climbing over fruit boxes, chicken crates and
barrels. There is a mixed odor here of onions, strawberries, California grapes, Florida
oranges, pickles, saur kraut, hay, wet straw, fresh fish and e -gs of uncertain age.
This is the great fruit, vegetable and poultry market of the city. You should visit this
street early in the morning and forje your way through from one erd to the other.
Pe haps you will witness more human activity here than anywhere else in Chicago,
excepting during business hours on the floor of the Board of Trade. But we can not
tarry longer. Moving south we pass the great wholesale grocery establishment of
Reid, Murdoch & Co. This is their principal, but not their only, warehouse. East of
here, on Michigan ave., extending to Central ave., they occupy several store-rooms.
We pass a number of prominent concerns, among them the immense glass and queens-
ware house of Pifiiu & Brooks, at the northeast corner of State and Lake sts. This is
a house worth visiting, and you will have an opportunity further on of going through
the floors filled with all the novelties of foreign and domestic manufacture, in crystal,
china and porcelain ware. We leave
LakeStrect, formerly the great retai street of the city, behind us. Itisnowgtven
over to the hardware, cutljry, leather, rubber and machinery trade. Passing on we
come to the northeast corner of State and Randolph sts., where the walls of the great
Masonic Temple towers skyward above us. Here you will be interested for
some time. Here we find the most marvellous structure, taken as a whole, in
the center of the business district. The idea of a grand Masonic temple in
Chicago had been encouraged by Western Masons for the last twenty years.
Numerous agitations of the projejt were started but fell through, partly lor want of
some one who was willing to take the responsibility, and partly because the money
could not be raised. For, though the Masons as individuals are wealthy, the lodges are
kept poor by their liberal charities and funeral expenses In 1873 Norman T. Gassette,
then eminent commander of the Apollo Commandery, renewed the agitation of this
subject, in connection with a special effort to secure for the site of such a ttmple
the lot at the northeast corner of Dearborn and Monroe, streets, on which the Stock
Exchange now stands. But there was no adhesiveness among the Masons whom he
was able to interest in the scheme, and the old trouble of a lack of money killed it.
The last and successful effort in behalf of this enterprise originated in December, 1^89,
when Gil W. Barnard and Dr. J. B. Fatrich, of Van Rensselaer Lodge, issued a call for
a meeting of prominent Masons to consider this subject. This call had several other
names appended to it, among which was that of Mr. Gassette, and was addressed to
sixty Masons. The meeting took place in Mr. Barnard's office in the same month. The
result was that General John Corson Smith appointed a committee of ten,
with Mr. Gassette as chairman, to select a location for a Masonic Temple, to
devise ways and means for erecting the building and to report to a meeting of the
craft to be held subsequently. The committee addressed itself to the task with great
energy, and about a month later a meeting of 130 members of the craft was called at
584 GUIDE TO CHICAGO.
the Oriental Consistory preceptory to hear their report and consider their recommen-
dations. The committee in the meanwhile had had several sites offered them, but had
definitely selected the lots at the northeast corner of State and Randolph streets. The
report was heard and approved in many particulars, and the committee was dis-
charged. Immediately thereafter, however, the meeting appointed Norman T. Gas-
sette, Amos Grannis and E. R. Bliss a committee to carry out the plan that had been
proposed. There was no particular organization and everything devolved on this
committee, with no instructions but to "go ahead." The committee took the meeting
at its word and went ahead in the most approved fashion. In less than a month, with-
out any organization or corporate authority whatever, it had purchased the site for
$1,100,000 and opened books for stock. On April 4th, the Secretary of State, issued
articles of incorporation to the Ma?onic Fraternity Temple Association, with Norman
T. Gassette, Amos Grannis, E. R. Bliss, John Buehler and 0. H. Blakeley as directors.
The officers subsequently elected were: Norman T. Gassette, president; Amos Gran-
nis, vice-president; E. R. Bliss, secretary: rind Warren G. Purdy, treasurer. The com-
pany was capitalized at $2,000,00^, and the price of stock was fixed at $100 per share.
The building is pronounced to be one of the finest in the world. Even a brief
description of it would seem to justify that opinion. The site, every inch of which it
covers, measures 170 feet on State st. by 114 feet on Randolph st., and is entirely sur-
rounded bv streets and alleys. The building rests on cement and iron foundations,
extending far out into the adjacent thoroughfares, and the superstructure is of steel,
and perfectly fire-proof from bottom to top. It has twenty gtorics, and the height of
the building is nearly 265 feet. The first three stories are faced with dressed red
Montello granite, from Wisconsin, with glimpses of carving, the corners being
ornamented with electral layers. The remaining stories are faced with gray brick
that is indistinguishable from granite, each measuring four by five by fourteen
inches. Between the sixteenth and seventeenth stories terra cotta of the same
shade is used. No particular style of architecture can be predicated of this build-
ing, though the arches visible on some parts of the gigantic facade suggests
the Romanesque. The design presents a faint resemblance of a main building
fronts are finished in exactly the same costly and elegant style. There are three tiers
of deeply recessed bay windows on each front, extending from the third to the fif-
teenth story, both inclusive. The windows of the second and sixteenth stories are
combined in groups of two, within deep Roman arches. The seventeenth story is
treated separately from the rest of each facade. The entrance is through an immense
granite arch twenty-eight feet wide and forty -two feet high in the center of the State
street front.
This gorg eous edifice has an interior court something like that of the Chamber of
Commerce building, the floor of which measures 90 feet north and south by 45 feet east
and west. The walls of this,court are faced from bottom to top with different colored
marble, and at the east side of it a magnificent bronze staircase ascends from the
ground floor to the roof. The interior finish of the building is of mos aic floors, marble
and onyx walls, and old oak woodwork. East of the court, disposed in a semi-circle,
are fourteen passenger and two freight elevators running from the basement to the
attic, and making a round trip every three minutes. The whole building is heated by
steam, and supplied with electrical and pneumatic connect ions in great prof usion. The
basement is devoted to an immense cafe, with its appurtenances, and waiting rooms,
toilet rooms, coal rooms and boiler rooms. Perhaps the most surprising thing that
w 3.
T) O
JO (=
S-
s
THE GUIDE. 585
can be said concerning this immense building is that every floor of it from the pave-
ment to the eleventh floor inclusive is fitted up for shops. There are a!so four shop
like booths on the floor of the court. The floors from the eleventh to the sixteenth
inclusive are fitted up as business offices. Above the sixteenth floor, and beneath the
roof, everything is sacred to masonry. On the seventeenth floor the entire south wing,
50 by 109 feet in size, is devoted to a drill hall. The similar space in the north wing is
divided between the blue lodge rooms. The intermediate room, on the State street
front, 40 by 80 feet in size, is a banqueting hall. On the eighteenth floor, over the drill
hall is a gorgeous consistory room, with arched roof and galleries on three sides. Over
the banqueting hall are parlors. * 'Over the blue lodge rooms is the Apo'lo Command-
ery preceptory. In the remaining two stories are a number of smaller room?.
Even here the description does not end, for on the roof of the building there are
to be hanging gardens, covered with glass roof and walls that are to rival the abode
of the gods. It is given out that there may be refreshments up there, but everything
that inebriates will be remorselessly banished. There is no danger that the people
who come here in 1893 to see the Columbian Exposition will go away disappointed.
Whatever the exposition may be, and there is every reason to believe it will be the
grandest ever held the city itself will have attractions enough to entertain the most
exacting of visitors. Chicago was here before the exposition was thought of; it will
be here when the exposition shall ,have become but a faint memory, and, in itself, it
will always be worthy of a visit from the people of foreign lands. Directly across
Randolph street, and facing State street, is the
Central Music Hall, one of the finest concert and lecture rooms in the city. LSee
Central Music Hall.] This elegant structure was erected by a number of public-
spirited capitalists, whose interest was aroused by the late George B. Carpenter, a brainy,
brilliant and indefatigable young man, who had accomplished almost a life's work in
the way of creating and encouraging a taste for musical and literary entertainments
in Chicago before he was stricken down. He lived to see the Central Music Hall
dream realized, but passed away before he could reap the reward of his labors. His
d^ath was mourned by his associates and regretted by the entire community. The
Central Music Hall, like other structures in this city which a few years ago were
looked upon and pointed out with justifiable pride, is to-day cast into the shade by
newer and more magnificent edifices ; but, nevertheless, it will remain, for many years
to come, an ornament to the neighborhood in which it stands. Walking south, we
pass the elegant show-windows of Burley & Co.'s china and glassware house, and the
beautiful display which we see inside tempts us to enter; but you will postpone your
visit until I am through with you. We are now in the center of what was formerly
the
South Market Square of the city. [See Market Squares.] Here in other days stood
a market house after the fashion of the time, in which was located a police station, and
a volunteer fire company's apparatus. One night during the mayoralty of " Long "
John Wentworth that whimsical individual took it into his head to remove all the over-
hanging signs and awnings in the city. Chicago was still a country town, and in front
of nearly every store was a permanent wooden awning, such as you will find to this day
much in vogue in the smaller Western and Southern cities. Chicago merchants have
always been tireless andjslecpless pursuers of trade and they advertised extensively then
as they do now, but in a different manner. In John Wentworth 's time they hung out
banners and wooden signs from the front windows of the buildings. They also used
immense wooden signs elevated on posts Avhich stood on the edge of the sL'.ewalks.
These advertisements and highly colored awnings gave a lively and picturesque air to
the business center, but they also had their faults. They obstructed the sidewalks
and interfered with the volunteer fire department in the discharge of its duties. Mer-
586 GUIDE TO CHICAGO.
chants had fallen into the habit, likewise, of piling their empty goods cases on the
sidewalks, also, in the way of advertisement, and the merchant who could show the
greatest number of fresh-looking empty cases in front of his store in the spring and
fall was the one who received the credit of doing the greatest amount of business.
Well, " Long " John, as I have said, took it into his head one night to put an end to this
sort of business. He engaged every express and dray wagon in the town and hired
fifty or sixty laborers to execute his orders. Before morning the space all around the
south market house was covered with awnings, signs and dry goods boxes. No favors
were shown and no exceptions made. Many of the awnings were costly ones; some ot
the signs had been painted in the East, but all were 'pulled down and piled together,
regardless of consequences. Of cours:- the indignation in " business circles " next day
was intense, and of course "Long" John was the most unpopular man in town for
awhile, but the wisdom of his move was soon recognized even by the greatest sufferers,
and Chicago has never had any wooden awnings since. During a recent administra-
tion, however, awnings of another character have been winked at, and overhanging
wire signs again disfigure the business district. Sidewalk signs are also becoming
rather too common. Perhaps before the Columbian Exposition opens we will have a
mayor who is possessed of sufficient nerve to do his duty, even though by doing so he may
offend the proprietors of saloons and the managers of theatres. But this doesn't con-
cern you. The fact that this portion of State street was once a market square will
explain its extraordinary width. But it does not explain how the street came to be
widened as far south as Madison. There was a movement on foot years ago to increase
the width of the street to the south line of Madison. There were meetings of
property owners and there were special meetings of the city council. Resolutions
were adopted and meaningless ordinances were passed, lookiug to the desired end. A
certain man owned the greater part of the frontage on the west side of State, between
Randolph and Madison streets, where all those elegant buildings stand now. Property
was not quite so valuable here then as it is now, but a lot on State street represented a
small fortune even in those days. The man who owned this frontage was a quiet,
thoughtful, business man then, as he is now. His name was and is
Potter Palmer While the citizens' meetings and the city council meetings were pass-
ing resolutions and enacting meaningless ordinances, Mr. Palmer was developing- a
plan for the widening of State st., in his own mind. This plan was simple one. He
carried it out. How? By presenting the city of Chicago with the frontage, taken from
his own lots, necessary to give this section of State st. a uniform width. He did it
modestly. It was done so quickly and so quietly that the citizens and the city council
were taken by surprise. There was no further business, so far as State st. was con-
cerned, before them, and they adjourned. The sacrifice made by Mr. Palmer was a great
one. Every foot of the property he so generously gave away for the public good
represented a large sum of money. Nobody has ever heard him speak of it, however.
Only old citizens remember it now. Potter Palmer's generosity made State st. what it
is to-day, for if it had not been widened the retail business would have long since
sought another avenue not far away. And while I am on this subject, I want to say
to you, not exactly what I think about Potter Palmer, but what all Chicagoans who
know anything about this man feel. To Potter Palmer, more, perhaps, than to any
living man, is due the present great-iess of Chicago. His influence has always been a
mighty, if a silent, force, in the development of this city. He has never lost faith in
her future. Time and again his counsel, his Judgment and his purse have saved the
credit of the community abroad. When the reaction which followed the civil war set
iu. when values became demoralized, when the shrinkage in prices destroyed the capi-
tal of some of the strongest houses in existence here. Potter Palmer stood as firm as a
rock between our merchants and bankruptcy, and compelled their creditors to make
THE GUI DR. 587
fair and honorable terms. After the great fire, though one of the heaviest sufferersi
he was one of the first to step into the debris and proclaim that Chicago should not
only be rebuilt, but should arise from its ashes greater than ever. The story of the
rebuilding of the Palmer House, which we will see farther down the street, if prop-
erly told, would read like a fairy tale. By day and by night, uncer the blaze of the
sun and in the glare of torches and calcium lights, the work never ceased until the
nUjiiificent structure was completed. Practically penniless, then, and for years
afterward, Potter Palmer commanded unlimited credit at home and abroad. The
man's integrity was his capital, and it secured for him the means whereby he has
been enabled, during the past twenty years, not only to retrieve the fortune he had
lost in a single night,but to build up a new and a greater one. The great retail houses
which we see on either side of the street, as far as the eye can reach, have all grown
up during a remarkably brief period. The oldest of them, in comparison with Euro-
pean houses are merely in their infancy. This is a busy street. We will have to
stand close to the edge of the sidewalk or we will be carried along by the crowd.
I don't think you ever saw so many well-dressed people anywhere. Most of them are
ladies. There is a good deal of what the world calls style to be seen a.'ong here at
all hours of the day. Just now the young ladies are pouring out of the
Chicago College of Music, located in the Central Music Hall building. This institu-
tion is conducted under the management of Dr. F. Ziegfeld, and a board of directors,
consisting ol Rev. Dr. H. W. Thomas, Wm. M. Hoy t, Gen. Chas. Fitz Simons, Dr. F.
Ziegl'eld, Dr. Philip H. Matthei, N. K. Fairbank, W. W. Kimball, J. Harley Bradley,
Jul' us Rosenthal, F. Ziegfeld, Jr. The faculty is a large one and said to be the best
in the country. This college has graduated some of the leading musicians of the
day. The young ladies you see coming out now evidently belong to the junior
class. Every one of them carries a roll of music, bound up in a patent leather case,
in her dainty hand. This evening, should you chance to be on one of the avenues or
the boulevards, you will hear her entertaining her fond parents, or perhaps her
fonder lover, with some elementary exercises. Young ladies, I believe, no longer play
tne "Maiden's Prayer," or the "Monastery Bells," as they did in my time. I hear
thatthcy have dropped even the "Thunderstorm," which used to involve the er6s6-
ing of hands and the screwing of the hurricane pedal to the parlor floor. WbiH
we are here I might as well tell you that this is the starting point of all the South
Side and many of the West and North Side street cars. The West Side cable loop is
farther west at present, but it is probable that the West Side cars will swing around
here again, as they formerly did, before many months go by. I will leave you here
to watch the crowds and to follow them if you wish.
NINTH DAY.
I am glad that you enjoyed your afternoon on State street. It was a beautiful
day for a promenade, and you wound it up quite appropriately by spending the even-
ing at the Columbia. This evening you should attend the Chicago Opera House per-
formance. To-morrow evening go to Hooley's and next evening to the Grand Opera
House. Under the heading of " Amusements " you will learn something about these
places. To-day we find ourselves in front of the dry goods palace which bears the
naT.e of
Marshall Field & Co. You have heard of Field's before. Everybody in this coun-
try has, and, in commercial circles, at least, the house is known throughout the civil-
iz'd world. It is not only the greatest dry goods establishment in this country, but
greater than any in existence abroad. This is the retail store; the wholesale house we
will fee ,'atcr on. Perhaps you remember that the style of this firm only a few }'ears
ag ^ wr.s Field, Leiter & Co. Mr. Letter retired, and Mr. Field remained, forming a
588 GUIDE TO CHICAGO.
new partnership, and great as the house was when the dissolution took place a disso-
lution, by the way, which surprised and startled the country at the time it is three
times as great to-day. I can not do better than to give you here, word for word, what
a writer in the New York Sun, in 1891, told his readers regarding this great establish-
ment. It would be impossible for me to improve upon it, for this writer evidently
procured his information from persons who were acquainted with the history, the pol-
icy and business of the house and its principal owner. The American merchant, says
this writer, who in point of wealth and vastness of business dealings must be ranked
first among "the rich by honest brains and industry "is a man whose name is unfa-
miliar to most of the readers of the Sun. His home is not in New York but in Chi-
cago, and even there he is personally little known in comparison with the promi-
nence to which his position in the business and social world entitles him. He is
Marshall Field, the head of the great house of Marshall Field & Co., general mer-
chants. The career of no great leader in commercial affairs f urHishes an example of
the wise application of sound principles and safe conservatism so striking as does that of
Mr. Field. The story of his success isehort and simple. It contains no exciting chapters,
but in its very dullness lies one of the most valuable secrets of the almost boundless
prosperity which it records. But the career of a man who, starting with no capital
save brains and energy, accumulates many millions and builds up the greatest mercan-
tile house in the world, is pregnant with interest, no matter how lacking it may be in
dramatic action. Its most encouraging feature, indeed, is the fact that it contains
nothing extraordinary; that there is nothing in it which any man of the same natural
equipment may not hope to accomplish. The secret of Marshall Field's success lies
partly in his business methods and partly in his environment. The ordinary biograph-
ical features of his career may almost be described in a paragraph. Like many another
of the men who have been foremost in creating the mighty West, Mr. Field is a New
England farmer's son. He was born fifty-five years ago among the hills of Conway,
one of the most charming of little western Massachusetts towns. His early years were
those of most farmer lads. He received a good education in the public schools and
the local academy of his native town; bat his tastes were mercantile rather than agri-
cultural. In 1852, at the age of seventeen, he began his business career. He went to
Pittsfield, then as now the largest town in the Berkshire hills, and obtained employ-
ment as clerk in a general store. He remained there four years. In that time he had
outgrown the business and the town. There were no opportunities in sight for a
young man of 'large capacity and ambition. He went straight to Chicago, and there
he has been ever since. There was no guarantee at that time that the lake town would
ever become the Western metropolis. The town had plenty of ambition and pluck,
but the possibilities of greatness were scarcely visible. Then and for a long
time afterwa r d the prospects of St. Louis were by many considered the
brighter.' But Mr. Field became a Chicagoan heart and soul. He has done
much for Chicago and Chicago has done much for him. The story of his success is a
wonderful close index of the history of the city's marvelous growth. An almost
exact parallel may be drawn during almost any of the thirty-five years between
the career of the individual and the history of the town. Man and city are of the
same age. Chicago, it may be said, was born in 1835, the year of Mr. Field's
birth. Her first census, showing some 4,000 inhabitants, was taken two years later.
The lusty young town became a full-fledged city of 50,000 or 60,000 people at just the
time when Mr. Field, having reached his majority in 1856, cast his lot with the other
builders of a metropolis.
Mr. Field secured employment as a clerk in the wholesale dry goods house of
Cooley, Farwell & Co. His equipment in the outset in his new field of labor was
health brains, sound principles and ambition. Genuine worth did not ha veto wait
THE GUIDE. 589
for dead men's shoes to secure recognition in the broader field in which the young
man found himself. His good qualities were promptly discovered by his employers
and availed of to mutual advantage. Mr. Field remained in the capacity of clerk
only four years. In 1860 he was made a partner. In 1865 there was a partial reorgani-
zation, the new firm consisting of Mr. Field, L. Z. Leiter and Potter Palmer, under
the firm name of Field, Palmer & Leiter. Two years later Mr. Palmer withdrew, and
until 1881 the style of the firm was Field, Leiter & Co. Mr. Leiter retiring in the latter
year and since that time the firm has been Marshall Field & Co.
TJie Only Break in the unexampled growth of what has become the greatest mer-
cantile house in the world was that made by the fire of 1871. In that great calamity
Mr. Field suffered proportionately with the city itself. His firm then did business at
State and Washington streets, the present site of the retail house of Marshall Field Ac
Co. Everything was swept away by the flames, involving a loss of $3,500,000. The
firm eventually recovered $2,500,000 insurance. The disaster was met with character-
istic energy and indomitable pluck.. While the ruins still smoked new quarters
were opened by the firm in the street-car barns at State and Twentieth streets, and
rebuilding was at once begun on the old site. The firm also began the erection of a
separate wholesale house at Madison and Market streets. Their new buildings were
among the first of the permanent structures completed after the fire. The retail estab-
lishment was taken possession of in 1872, and it still ranks as one of the largest and best
appointed structures for retail trade in the country. Within a dozen years the new
wholesale quarters proved inadequate to the tremendous growth of business, and the
erection of the present great structure was begun in 1885. It was completed in 1887,
and it comprises probably the largest and best arranged building for mercantile pur-
poses in the world. It occupies an entire block, bounded by Adams, Franklin, and
Quincy streets, and Fifth avenue, in the heart of the business section. It is of granite
and sandstone, plain and substantial. Chicago smoke has turned it almost black, and
it looks somewhat like one of London's old and massive government buildings. The
unadorned structure bears no external indication of its use. There is no announce-
ment or sig-n upon it save a brass plate bearing the firm name at the main entrance on
Adams street. The interior is divided by two thick parti-walls into three section?,
with communication, on each floor through double doors of heavy iron. The ground
floor of the middle section nsr
ove three-fourths of the block in which their present retail establishment is locate.^,
with the entire frontage on Washington street between Holden Place and WabasJ*
592 GUIDE TO CHICAGO.
avenue, the frontage on Wabash avenue between Washington and Randolph streets,
and the frontage on Randolph street between Wabash avenue and Holden Place. The
Central Music Hall stands on the corner of Randolph and State streets, as we have
seen. Mr. Field is believed to be the largest shareholder in this property also. It is
claimed that the firm has in contemplation the erection of a dry goods palace that will
cover this entire block. You are now in the
Fashionable Retail Center, and to your left and right, as you pass south, are some ^f
the most attractive retail stores in the United States. The establishment of
Carson, Pirie, Scott& Co., on the southwest corner of Washington and State streets,
is one of the most elegant dry-goods houses in the city. This was formerly "Gossage's."
by which name it became celebrated throughout the entire West. Carson, Pirie, Scott
& Co. were the owners and the managers of the store for several years before the name
of "Gossage" was dropped to make room for their own. In the meantime they had
established themselves as a retail dry-goods firm by conducting a first-c.ass house on
the West Side, and later one of the largest and most fashionable concerns in the city at
the northeast corner of Wabash avenue and Adams streets, the building now occupied
by Revell, the furniture merchant. The old "Gossage" house was but a small concern
in comparison with the mammoth institution that now covers about half a block five
acres of flooring the greatest blocksin the city. No visitor to Chicago, male or female,
should fail to enter the magnificent silk room of this house, which is situated on the
corner. This department covers the site of the First National Bank building of other
days The structure was remodeled at an enormous cost by Car ; on, Pirie, Scott & Co.,
and the first floor fitted up as the most magnificent silk salesroom in the world. All that
taste, money and ingenuity could do was brought into play here, and the result is a ver-
itable marble hall such as but few of the stately palaces of the Old World can equal iu
grandeur. The entire establishment is tastefully fitted up, and ranks among the most
reliab'e as well as the most fashionable dry-goods houses in the country. On the
same side of the street, just south, is the large general store of
h'ixh, Joseph & Co. Which enjoys a large patronage. This was formerly Pard-
ridge's main store. Next door south is
The Boston Store The greatest bargain establishment of this section. This
store is crowded thronged is a better word from morning until night, and it is with
difficulty that we can make our way through it. Two large stores are occupied to
their full height on State st., and the house besides around the corner to Madison st.,
where another immense building only partly provides for the enormous custom which
the Boston Store attracts. On the opposite side of State st., are Stevens' Silk House,
Wilson Bros, (who insist upon selling what they call " gents' " furnishing goods) and
Mandel Brothers' dry goods house. The latter extends through to Wabash ave. In
the next block are a large number of dry goods, toot and shoe, kid glove and musi-
cal houses, all of which maybe termed the first-class, but none of which rise exactly
to the dignity of eminence in their peculiar lines. Here is the cheap jewelry center
also, where plated things may be found that will pass muster almost in any crowd,
but you want to stand on the corner for a while and notice the surging tides of
humanity which sweep by here from all points of the compass.
ELEVENTH DAY.
Are there corner drug stores where you came from ? No. Well, you don't knew
how convenient they are! Here in Chicago we have several corner drug stores sev-
eral hundred, I should say. It is a cold corner that hasn't got its rirug store ! Do they
all sell drugs exclusively? Oh, dear no! They sell drugs least of all. The drug
stores of Chicago haven't gone quite so far as the dry goods stores, but their range is
long and th.ir field is wide. As yet they have not begun to handle anvils or agricult-
THE GUIDE. 593
ural implements, but the tendency is in that direction. The modern Chicago drug
store deals in cutlery, amateur painter's supplies ; dispenses mineral waters, liquids
of all shades and of every degree of specific gravity; handles face powders and post-
age stamps; receives orders for daily papers; communicates telephone messages;
orders coal or calls a carriage ; acts as an advertising agency; solicits book orders;
keeps constantly on hand a large and varied assortment of society stationery ; sells
chewing gum ; has a large cigar patronage ; keeps a city directory ; provides a wait-
ing-room for people who have engagements with each other ; carries on a traffic in
bottled goods for family use, and sometimes fills prescriptions. And they do all these
things well. There has lately been a cry raised against the druggists because it is
claimed that prescriptions can not be correctly or safety compounded by a young man
who is called away from his mortar every few minutes to change a dime, sell a stick
of glim, or order a cab by telephone. Yet but few of us die annually from prescrip-
tion clerks' mistakes. At least if many of us die from this cause, we don't know it.
Of course, there are a number of sudden deaths here daily, and a disease frequently
takes a strange turn, which even the physician can not account for, after the medi-
cine he prescribes is administered ; but it wouldn't be f,air to say that the prescription
clerk was responsible for these things until we had positive proof of it. This positive
proof we may be able to obtain in the next world, perhaps. Certainly not in this.
But we are now in one of the best known corner drug stores in Chicago. This is
called
Buck & Raynor's Corner. I wouldn't undertake to tell you how many hundreds of
thousands of people have met here, or in front of this little drug store, by appoint-
ment. There are two such places in the city. The other is Dale & Sempill's, on the
northeast corner of Clark and Madison sts. We will meet there later on. But I sup-
pose that it wouldn't be out of the way to estimate that a thousand persons meet on
this corner by previous engagement every day. They meet for all sorts of purposes.
Ladies who are shopping and who lose each other in the crowds have a tacit agree-
ment that they will meet here at a certain hour. Ladies meet their husbands here in
01 der to get a supply of pin money. Ladies sometimes meet the husbands of other
ladies here. Lovers meet sweethearts here. Men meet men here ( but not often). It
is a general rendezvous a public trysting-place. From our corner we can see the
establishment of
James Wilde, Jr., & Co. across the street, one of the finest clothing houses in the
country- Mr. Frank Reed is the manager of this house, and he has built up an
immense business, I am told. The magnificent building now occupied by Wilde is to
be torn down shortly to make room for a sixteen-story sky scraper which Mr. Otto
Young is to erect 011 the site. It seems too bad to demolish a building erected less
than twenty years ago, and one of the finest in the city; but modern progress is inexor-
able and this is only one of many such instances. Elegant structures are either being
torn down or remodeled completely throughout the entire business center. I under-
stand that Wilde is going to move to the old Hymau corner, that is the northeast
corner opposite. The ground upon which we stand at present is
School Properti/. This block, bounded by Madison and Monroe, State and Dear-
born sts., is one of the most valuable in the city. It belongs to the Public School
f ur.d. The ground is leased to the present occupants at a high rate, which is subject to
an increase from time to time. On this block of school property stand McVicker's
Theatre, the Tribune building, the Journal building, the Stock Exchange bui ding, and
some of the most important of the dry goods houses fronting- on State st. There isn't
much danger that the school fund will suffer while it has this sort of income-produc-
ing property at its back. I am afraid I would only tire you by telling of all the places
594 GUIDE TO CHICAGO.
of interest on our trip. We are passing now, one after another, retail stores which
differ very materially from those which have already been pointed out. On the south-
east corner of State and Monroe sts. is the
Palmer House, one of the grandest buildings in the country. [See Palmer House.]
This building occupies nearly half the frontage of the next block on the left. Opposite
is the
Bee Hive, a popular dry goods establishment, and then, on the same side of the
street, beginning at the alley, running to the corner of Adams st. and extending back
to Dearborn st. an entire block, is
The Fair. Here is an attraction for strangers, the like of which you will find
nowhere else in this country. The only establishment I know of that bears any
resemblance to it is the " Bon Marche " in Paris. [See Fair, The.] The work of demo-
lition has begun here preparatory to the erection of the greatest commercial struct-
ure in the world. x [See Fair Building.] It will require an hour or two of your time
simply to walk through this establishment. You might spend a day in therewith pleas-
ure and profit. At any rate I am not likely to Fee you again to-day, so I will promise to
meet ycu here in the morning. Yes; you can get any thing you want here, from a
rubber doll to a lawn mower. Just step inside and see for yourself.
TWELFTH DAY.
You have seen the Fair. It is worth something to be able to tell that to your friends
when you return. E. J. Lehman? Yes, overwork. A young man yet, but broken
down in health. His success was marvelous. From the very humblest of beginnings
he arose in a few years to a dizzy height in commercial prosperity. It was not suc-
cess that turned his head. He was a practical and a plain man from beginning to end.
There are still some prospects of his recovery. Everybody in Chicago would be glad
toseehim wellagaln. Across the street is
TJie Leader, an establishment similar to the Fair and one that is rapidly becoming
popular with the ladies. Although quite a new house it has already an immense
patronage. The managers of the Leader are thoroughly wide-awake, and they are
making friends by the hundred daily. You must go through this establishment. Here
the crowds are as dense as you have found them elsewhere. No stronger proof of" the
fact that Chicago is a great city can be given than is made evident by these immense
throngs of people. None but a great city could supply a demand sufficient to justify
the existence of such establishments as The Fair, The Leader and
Selgel, Cooper & Co.'s, which we come to after passing a number of handsome
stores. Seigel, Cooper & Co. were referred to in THE STANDARD GUIDE of last year as
occupying a large portion of the block beginning at the southeast corner of State and
Adams streets. Since then they were burned out completely, the five being one of the
most disastrous of recent years in this section. They afterward reopened just a block
to the east, on the northeast corner of Wabash avenue and Adams street, but moved
into their present quarters in the mammoth Leiter building in time for the summer
trade of 1892. This firm has now an opportunity of expanding until it shall occupy
more floor area than any other house of the kind in Chicago. All of these great gen-
eral stores are growing. Everything in Chicago grows, except perhaps the death rate.
There is no standing still here. You must either move on or be pressed backward.
Some of the best houses on the streets ten years ago have disappeared. They wanted
to be conservatively respectable. They tried to be nice, after the old fashion. They
wouldn't advertise, or they wouldn't cut prices. Their age and high standing didn't
save them. They have g-one from our gaze. Nor can any of the great houses we have
seen during 1 the past few hours afford to sit back on their dignity or compel the trade
to come to them without the asking. They must bid and bid high for it. If they hes-
THE GUIDE.
itate, the man next door will forge ahead of them. There used to be such a thing as
an "established" business. There isn't any longer. The public isn't sentimental
nowadays. Old houses have no particular charm for the people unless they keep pace
with the new houses.
We will turn back, passing the "Hub" and the "Bell," two well-advertised
clothing houses, and drop over to Clark street. North, of the Postoffice Clark street is
a very handsomely built and a very respectable thoroughfare. Near the corner of
Adams street and for blocks up we find the city ticket offices of all the great railroad
companies. Besides these we pass restaurants, clothing stores, jewelry stores, clothing
houses, etc., all of a character which gives a Bowery-like air to the street. Near the
corner of Madison and Clark streets is Kohl & Middleton's Museum, which you can
enter for the small sum of ten cents, but don't go in now. Now we have reached the
most important street intersection in the city,
Madison and ClarH Streets. Madison street is the principal east and west and Clark
street is the principal north and south artery. It should not be inferred from this,
however, that Clark street is more important thixii Stats to the south, for such is not
the case. But it penetrates the North Division of the city, as Madison penetrates the
West, and for this reason it is regarded as the great north and south thoroughfare.
You might be highly entertained for a whole day on this corner just by noticing the
people as they pass. It is estimated that 10,000 persons pass this corner every hour
from 6 o'clock A. M. to 8 o'clock p. M. I believe it. It is not a stream but a flood of
humanity that we sec here. No wonder that these cor- crs come high or that the mer-
chants who occupy them are prosperous. They are considered the best corners in the
city for business. The names of the stores around here arc all familiar to the people.
We will stand on Chambers' corner for awhile before separating, and meet here again
In the morning, when wo will be able to take a look at the corners and talk about
them at our leisure.
THIRTEENTH DAY.
I did not think it advisable to point out to you as we walked up Clark street yester-
day the entrances to the numerous gambling-houses which line that thoroughfare. I
don't think it any part of my duty as a guide to "steer " you against a brace game or
a square game. If you are inclined in the direction of faro, roulette or poker, you do
not need to be told where to fiud these games in full blast. I never knew an amateur
gambler in my life who couldn't scent the lair of the tiger and hear the rattle of the
chips afar off. By some sort of intuition *or natural attraction, unaccounted for in my
philosophy, gamblers, professional and amateur, are certain to lind a common meeting
place. They will have no difficulty in finding all the amusement they want here, at
any time of the day or night. Of course you understand, as I do, that gambling is
suppressed in Chicago. The Mayor and Superiudent of Police unite in the opinion
that there is no gaming for money going on in this city, and that ought to settle it.
Yet, we have been brushing up against well-dressed gamblers and would-be-sports for
the past hour, and I have heard, in a sfmi-confldential way, that the professionals are
reaping a richer harvest at present than ever before in the history of the city. There
is something contradictory, not to say inconsistent, about all this, but I can not make
it straight, nor can you either, no matter how hard you may try. I have spoken of the
" Would-be-sports." These are altogether about as contemptible a class of young
men as you will be unfortunate enough to come in contact with during your visit.
They are found principally on the west side of Clark, between Adams and Washington
streets. They dress nattily and spend their time in posing, generally near the entrances
to the gambling houses. As a rule they are the sons of well-to-do parents. They do
not find it necessary to work for a living. The one ambition of their use.'ess lives ia to
l,e pointed out as gamblers. They are not gamblers however. They haven't got
596 GUIDE TO CHICAGO.
brains enough to be gamblers of the professional species. The men who follow gamb-
ling as a business haven't got time to pose. Usually they are not over-proud of their
calling and have no desire to be pointed out as sports. They work hard for all they
get, just like other people. If they make gains to-day they are likely, to suffer losses
to-morrow. They have their anxieties like the rest of us. Most of. them have fami-
lies. Many of them have nice wives and interesting children. Some of them live in
highly respectable neighborhoods. They gamble only as a pure matter of business,
and not because they are infatuated with the green cloth or the surroundings of the
gamingtable. You don't see these men posing in front of the saloons or gambling
entrances, as I said before. They haven't got time. Neither do they flash Alaska
sparklers, nor wear lavender pantaloons, nor light kid gloves, nor spend their time in
"mashing" the foolish maidens, just past school age, whom you may see tripping 1 by
here in the hope of catching smiles from the would-be-sports . There are other young
men along this street and around these corners who would also like to be known as
gamblers. They are only thieves, however, and of the lowest order. They are
cowardly thieves fellows who rob drunken men, or who can be hired to commit any-
thing in the nature of a small crime. Some of them are
"Bunco Steerers," ruffians who worm themselves into the confidence of strangers,
and induce them to visit disreputable gaming houses where they are certain to he
robbed. They do this business for a commission. The " Confidence Maa " proper I
can not point out to you, for if he be
A. Confidence Man, worthy of the name, there is nothing about his appearance or
his manners to indicate that fact. But you may be certain that he is here, somewhere,
and looking for a victim. He seldom makes a mistake. Before night some fool will
cash the check he carries with him, or advance money on the warehouse receipts which
be will produce at the proper moment. The most famous gambling house on the street
for years was
"The Store, 1 " kept by Michael C. McDonald, northwest corner of Clark and Monroe
sts. McDonald coined money there. He is a millionaire now and one of the principal
stockholders and managers of the Lake street elevated railroad. Besides, he is an
Influential politician and in his time has made and unmade a large number of local
statesmen. We will see his residence on Ashland ave. later. The gambling houses now
in existence are scattered throughout this neighborhood. The most prominent of
them is the place conducted by a person named Hankins near by. There is a magnifi-
cent saloon and spartingmen's resort in the vicinity, conducted by a gentleman named
Mr. Harry Varnell. We will let you find this place and several other places of the
same kind if you are seeking them. For the present we will leave the sporting men
and the sporting men's resorts and step across Madison street to a corner that is full of
present and historic interest to the Chicagoan. This was formerly known as " Dale's,"
it is now favorably and familiarly known as
Dale & SempiU's.I don't believe there is a corner in this great city which is better
known. This has been the case during all the years I can remember in Chicago. Mr.
Dale was a gentleman everybody liked. He kept open house for the public, and hun-
dreds of thousands of people have occupied the scats provided for those who are
destined to wait for other people, in the drug store. Mr. Dale is succeeded by Mr.
Sempill, another gentleman of the same hospitable disposition. You do not feel that
you are intruding when you drop in hereto wait for the friend who never comes, or to
keep an appointment with the man who has been unavoidably delayed. Dale & Sem-
pill do a great business while you are waiting. You are bound to admire the manner
in which the business is managed, and your admiration extends to the elegant soda
THE GUIDE. 597
fountain, where the thirst of countless thousands is quenched annually. It is well
worth while to spend a little time here, if only to watch the crowds as they pass by.
There Is a procession of humanity moving past the door, and you will wonder, as I
have wondered hundreds of times, where all these people come from and where they
are going to. Across the street is the celebrated
Chamber's Corner, called after one of the oldest and best established jewelry houses
in the city. Mr. L. Z. Leiter owns this building, and the property upon which it stands
is worth something like a hundred dollar; a square inch. Running around this corner
with entrances both on Clark and Madison streets, is the preat retail clothing house of
Broicninu, King & Co. This firm has ( stallishments in nearly ail the large cities of
the country. The parent house is here, however. On the southwest corner of Clark
and Washington streets is the famous
Opera House Block. This is one of the most imposing structures in the city, eleven
stories in height, erected in 1885 on the site of the old Tivoli Gardens, once a popular
resort. On the street level are stores with lofty ceilings, and plate-glass front* t^at are
desirable for the display of goods. In the main lobby are six rapid elevators, that are
Constantly whizzing up and down in their iron cages on either side of the entrance.
'A Ve -.vails are wainscoted with slate and marble- in the most approved fashion, and
offices are arranged either single or en suite to meet the demands of all professions.
Situated in the center of this vast pile of masonry is the Opera Hous<\ The building is
fire-proof throughout and is the property of the Peck estate. On the southeast corner
is the
Methodist Church Block. This is on the outside a business structure, given over to
offices, stores, etc . ; but in the body of the building is an auditorium, where the services
of the Methodist Episcopal Church are held regularly. The property belongs to that
denomination and is very valuable. On the northwest corner is the Court House, and
on the northeast corner is the
Reaper Block, built by the late Cyrus H. McCormick, immediately after the great
fire. It derives its name from the business in which Mr. McCormick was engaged, the
manufacture of reapers. One of the handsomest of the old office structures of
Chicago; Property of the McCormick estate. To our right, on Washington street,
south side, is the Cook Councy Abstract Company's building, and after passing up
Clark street, by the Grand Opera House, and taking a look at the Sherman House, we
find ourselves opposite
27ie New Axliland Block, a beautiful and modern office building, finished in 1892.
Just east of here is the magnificent
New German Theatre, with its tower rising skyward. This structure is described
elsewhere
FOURTEENTH DAY.
We will take a circuit around some of the down-town squares to-day, beginning
where we left off yesterday, at the corner of Randolph and Clark sts. The Court House
and City Hall are on our left as we move to the west. Passing the Sherman House we
come to the
Fidelity Bank Building. This structure is occupied by a private banking firm now.
There are also safety vaults here. I remember the time when the scenes inside and
outside of this building were as wild as any I have ever beheld in Chicago. This was
during the savings bank panic in 1877. John C. Haines was the presided of the Fidel-
ity, and he paid out money as long as he could ; but the line of frightened depositors
lengthened out hour after hour and day after day, until finally he ran out of funds.
598 GUIDE TO CHICAGO.
In the meantime the States Saving Institution, around the corner to the left, and the
"Bee" Hive, around the corner to the right, had closed their doors. There was "intense
excitement," as the newspapers say, but even this blew over in time and the bank crash
was soon forgotten. Next door to the Fidelity is the entrance to Hooley's Theater.
[See Amusements.] A little further on and we come to the most dangerous street
crossing in the city. This is where the North Side cable cars enter and leave the La
Salle st. tunnel, where the West Side cable cars turn from La Salle st., and where two
processions of horse cars are continuously moving east and west on Randolph st.
Strange that so few accidents occur here. It is due to the fact that the danger is real-
ized by pedestrians, that policemen are constantly on the alert, and that drivers and
gripmen keep their wits about them while passing these corners. [See Hell Gate Cross-
ing.] To our left as we walk toward the east is
Heath & MiUigan's paint and oil establishment. Mr. Monroe Heath, the senior pro-
prietor, was formerly mayor of Chicago, and he is the man who restored the finances
of the city, and established the credit, of the municipality abroad after the dull period
which followed the flre and the p.:inic of 1873. Along hero are a number of similar
concerns and business houses not particularly worthy of our attention. On the north-
east corner of Randolph and Fifth avrjnue is the Briggs House [see Hotels], and on the
corner of Washington street and Fifth avenue is
The Times Building, from which is published the Times, the Frie Presse, the Abend
Post, and several other well-known publications. On the opposite corner is the stately
and beautiful
Stoats Zcitung Building Where the Stoats Zeitung newspaper Is published. [See
Newspapers.] Walking east on Washington st., to our right we behold the new office
building of
The Evening Post, a handsome structure, in which is published one of the best
evening papers in the United States, and just two doors east of it is the elegant
new
Herald Building, a decided improvement upon the surrounding architecture and
one of the handsomest structures erected in Chicago during recent years. Returning
to Fifth ave., just around the corner to our left is the building formerly occupied by
the
Arbeiter Zeitung. It was here that the conspiracy which culminated in the Hay-
market massacre was hatched; here Spies was arrested, and here were discovered
great quantities of bombs and infernal machines. [See Haymarket Massacre.] On
the corner of the alley opposite is the Globe publication office, and on the other corner
is the old Herald office. Across the street is
The Daily News Office, which extends over a large portion of the block. The build-
ing occupied by the editorial and mechanical departments, a new and handsome
one, is in the rear, fronting on the alley [see illustration]. This is one of the moet
complete newspaper buildings in thw country. You will be permitted to visit the
press rooms of the different newspaper offices at seasonable hours, and I can not
suggest anything that will interest you more than the process of stereotyping and
printing in one of these big publication offices. The newspaper aeighborhood is
undergoing disintegration at present. Most of the leading offices will shortly be
located away from Fifth avenue, for many years the favorite stamping ground of the
printer and reporter. We have now reached the intersection of Madison street and
Fifth avenue, another crowded and dangerous crossing, and we will step into
Arend's and take a glass of his refreshing and incomparable Kumyss. A wonder-
ful drink is Kumyss. Of all summer drinks, or winter drinks either, for that matter.
THE GUIDE. 599
it is the most refreshing and the most healthful. I am a sufferer from dyspepsia my-
self, and I know what I am talking- about. When nothing else in the -wide world will
conduct itself properly in my stomach, I fly to Kumyss and find relief. Dr. Arend is
a public benefactor, and I say this much about his Kumyss without hope of reward,
excepting in the consciousness that I have given publicity to a great truth. Arend's
Kumyss is to be found in all the leading hospitals of the city now, and upon the tables
of the best families. Directly across tho street our attention is called to the new
Security Buildino, now being erected on the southea t corner of Madison street
and Fifth avenue, after plans by Clinton J. Warren. The structure will be one of the
finest in the city. It will be fourteen stories high, and will cost between $35(\GUO and
$4 0,000. The first three stories will be of granite, while the upper floors will be of
pressed brick and terra cotta.
FIFTEENTH DAY.
We will start from the corner of Madison and Clark ets. this morning and walk
west. The corner itself or, rather, the four corners we have seen before. About
the center of the block to our left is Burke's European Hotel and beneath it is the
Chicago Oyster House, a very large, a very beautiful and a very popular restaurant
with business people. They feed about five thousand people here every day. Opposite
is the Hotel Brevoort, recently enlarged [see Hotels], a central meeting place for
wholesale men and country merchants. Next to it is the Tacoma, the first floors of
which are occupied as stores ; the inevitable drug store, and this time a very handsome
and well-conducted drug store, being located on the corner.
Berry, Tlie Candy Man, has one of his numerous branch shops here. I might as
well tell you once for all that you will find Berry's candy shops everywhere through-
out the city. The proprietor of these places has made a great deal of money by giving
people taffy at a reasonable price per pound, and a handsome new building on West
Madison st. and Ashland ave. testifies to the fact. Across the street from the Hotel
Brevoort is the entrance to
Farwell Hall A celebrated assembly room, and the Young Men's Christian Asso-
ciation. Farwell Hall in its time has held many notable gatherings. It was here that
P. P. Bliss, the composer of sacred music and sweet singer, delighted vast audiences
day after day for months during the great Moody & Sankey revival period. Yes, he'8
dead. Went down with his wife and a score of others in the horrible Ashtabula rail-
\/ay accident. Here Moody and Sankey have held forth frequently, and here also Fran
cis Murphy has preached gospel temperance to multitudes. Others equally well-
known have been heard from the platform, among them no less a personage than
George Francis Train. It was in Farwell Hall that the bolt occurred among republi-
cans which resulted in the defeat of Grant and the nomination of Garfitld in 1880. The
Young Men's Christian Association uses this hall frequently for large gatherings, noon-
day prayer meetings, etc. [See Christian Organizations.] Passing over La Salle st. we
come upon the fronts of two blocks of buildings which will probably be transformed
during the next three years. This part of Madison st. is not up with the times. Res-
taurants, billiard halls, saloons, second-hand book stores, news-stands, etc., monopo-
lize it. Here
Charley Curry, a young man who for years served the down-town business people,
with newspapers on Arend's corner, lias established himself as a book and newsdealer,
and is rapidly winning his way to fortune. He has a handsome branch in the Central
Music Hall building. Across Fifth avenue we enter upon the outskirts of the
600 GUIDE TO CHICAGO.
Wholesale District. This district at present may be bounded as follows : By Fifth
ave. on the east, the river on the west, Randolph st. on the north and Van Buren st.
on the south. There are two wholesale districts, however, and they are so far apart
that it will be many years before the entire jobbing business is centered in one local-
ity. To find room for it it will be necessary to cross the river to the West Side. A
movement in this direction has in fact already begun, but the large houses which
have located on Canal, CJintoa, West Washington and West Randolph sts. up to this
time are mostly in the machinery and machinery supply trade. The great dry goods
houses are now all located in what is known as the New Wholesale District, into which
we are about to enter. The old wholesale district extends aloncr Wabash ave., from
Van Buren st. north to the river, and here there are jobbing houses in almost every
line (except wholesale dry goods) from millinery to grocery goods. Moving west on
Madison street we pass several blocks of buildings that are passing througa a change.
The wholesale trade has been gradually drifting away from this street, to the touth.
The retail trade has not yet taken a. fancy to it. That barn-liko structure on the
northeast corner of Madison and Market streets was formerly occupied by Marshall
Field & Co. as their wholesale house. It is now simply a storage warehouse, and an
eye-sore to property owners in the vicinity. The streets to the left are all built up
elegantly, and the great wholesale boot atd shoe, clothing and dry goods houses may
all be visited in a day's trip along Fiflh avenue, Franklin and Market streets to Van
Buren, and along Monroe, Adams, Jackson and Van Buren streets, from Fifth avenue
to the river. A tremendous amount of business is being done in this section. The
stranger will be received courteously in a majority of the leading houses. J. V. Farwell
& Co.'s great establishment is worthy of a visit, and so is Field's, but there is more or
less of interest to be found in all the houses of this section, and it would hardly be of
value to the reader to point out particular establishments. I will leave you to follow
the best of your inclination. I must before doing so, however, call yt.ur attention to
the architecture of this section. You wil notice that it differs very materially from
that of any other section of the city. Take the Farwell Building, for instance, a speci-
men of modern commercial construction of the plain school, and compare it with the
massive structures occupied by Marshall Field & Co. and James H. Walker & Co. The
latter building is a beautiful one. Among the most familiar names you will see down
this way is that of
Henry W. King & Co., wholesale clothiers. Their quarters are spacious and their
facilities unlimited. This is one of the greatest clothing establishments in the world.
The firm not only leads in the trade here but has extensive branches in nearly every
lar/e city in the West. Carson, Pirie, Scott & Co.'s new wholesale house is also down
this way. Walking west on Adams street, we pass the beautiful general office
of the Chicago, Burlington & Quincy Railroad Company. We must enter these great
buildings as we come to them, of course. A whole day might be given to Marshall
Field's, and we would have to spend a week in this district, if we were to do fuil jus-
tice to the trip. I have hurried you around it, pointing out only the most prominent
houses. I now leave you to take them in at your leisure. No, as a rule, there will be
no objection to your walking through the establishments. You will be met with
courteous treatment everywhere. Just say that you are a stranger and that will pass
you. Take your time, and to-morrow morning we will visit another portion of the
business center equally as interesting.
SIXTEENTH DAY.
Dickens sells us in one of his novels of a London thoroughfare which, at the time
of his slur-/, wway is designed to afford the people of the South and North divisions an
opportunity of crossing the river without being subjected to the annoyances which now
beset them. The latest estimate of the cost of the May subway, which, in plain lan-
guage, is to be a tunnel to connect Michigan boulevard with the North Side park sys-
tem, is $1.676,250. This, of course, has nothing to do with land damages, if there be any,
but is an estimate on the actual cost of the work. The length of the projected " May ''
subway from the north line of Madison street, produced thence along lines of Central
avenue and Pine street to south line of Ohio street, is as follows :
Feet.
South approach , 79J
Single arch to river dock line l,6i)3
Double arch section 466
Single arch to commencement of north approach 519
North approach , 451
Total length 3,731
There is every reason to believe that this magnificent public work will be under-
taken during the year 1893, and that it will be completed before the opening of the
World's Fair. Its completion will give the people of the tf orth Side direct connection
with the boulevard and park system of the South Side, and the peoples of the South
and West Sides direct and safe connection with Lincoln Park, the North Shore Drive
and Sheridan Road, making practically one great pleasure highway from the Indiana
State line to a point twenty-six mils north of the Court House. To-morrow we will
visit the residence district of the South Side.
EIGHTEENTH DAY.
Yes, naturally, we begin with Prairie avenue. Why not? It is the avenue of
avenues in Chicago. There are people and very nice people, and very wealthy people,
and I might add very exclusive people, living on other avenues, but on no avenue in the
city are there to be found the homes of as many people whose names are so closely
allied to the enterprise, the progress and the culture of Chicago. We will take a plain,
ordinary every-day street car to Sixteenth street, and walk east, toward the lake.
Then we will walk south and I will point out the residences to you as best I can, and
tell you who occupies them. In the first place you are disappointed with Prairie
avenue as you see it, looking south from Sixteenth street. It isn't lined with palaces;
no. The homes of the millionaires of Chicago are not palaces. There are much hand-
somer residences than a majority of these to be found on other streets and avenues.
Many of the mansions are comparatively old. Some of them have ' a weather-worn
appearance. You see it is this way the people who occupy these houses have long
since passed that stage of human weakness which demands display. They could have
onyx columns, and burnished cupilos, and stained glass bay windows, and polished
marble sidewalks, and little bronze cupids, and all these things if they wanted them,
but they don't. They don't need them. The people along here are not of the Veneer-
ing variety. They are solidly wealthy. They can afford to let those of us who are
struggling to command attention fire off the pyrotechnics. What they want iti sim-
ply comfort, and this with as little ostentation as possible. Of course I am speaking
generally, and of the people who belong to this avenue. There are some here who
THE GUIDE.
605
belong to other localities, but not many. Don't make the mistake either that these
mansions are not elegantly furnished, or that any of the little things that contribute
toward making a home the enter of culture and refinement are wanting here. The
walls of many of these mansions are hung with the works of the greatest masters of all
times; the libraries are not merely so in name but in'fact, and from threshold to garret,
if you should be invited to make an investigation, you would find that elegant taste and
good judgment have been brought into requisition in regard to every article and every
adornment that your eyes may rest on. With this little speech we will take up our
line of march. The Sweenic residence is on our left as we move south, and we pass the
homes of Josiah H. Boyer, Joseph L. McBirney, Walter H. Wilson and John H. Ham-
line, on the same side of the avenue. On the other side are the handsome resi-
dences of John G. Shortall, Henry L. Frank, and of P. E. Studebaker, the wagon and
carriage manufacturer. Next door to him livt s William R. Sterling. A little further
d..wn is Mr. Granger Farwell's place, and opposite is the home of the great coal mer-
chant, Robert A. Law. South of Mr. Farwell's are the homes of Hugh J. McBirney,
Isaac M. Linville and the
Hon. Jesse Spaldino, the wealthy lumber merchant. Pacific railroad director and
prominent politician. South of Mr. Spalding's we pass on the same side the home of
William G. Hibbard, and on the other side the residences of Abraham Longini, Morris
Einstein, Peter Brust, Rev. George C. Lorimer, Hulburd Dunlevy anil Robert Gregory.
At No. 1721 we pass the house of the late brilliant and popular lawyer, Wirt Dext er
whose widow occupies the home now, and at 17-9 we stand in front of the beautiful
residence of
George M. Pullman. This is a noble mansion, but far from being the home which
you supposed Mr. Pullman lived in. We have rassed on the other side of the street
the residences of T. W. Harvey, of Albert Sturges and of Mr. James H. Walker. We
are now in front of an odd-looking, but eiegant residence, occupied by Mr. John J.
Glessner, and the >. extisthe residence of O. R. Keith. At 1816 we find the home of
C. M. Henderson, the wholesale boot and shoe merchant ; at 1828 that of Daniel B. Ship-
man, and at 1831 that of Fernando Jones. On the other side of the street is the home,
of Mrs Miner T. Ames, at 1827 that of J. W. Doane ; at 1901 Norman B. Ream resides,
next door to him lives
Mr. Marshall Field, in an elegant but unostentatious mansion. At 1919 is the resi-
dence of Charles Schwartz, the well-known Board of Trade man ; and further north,
at 201', is the residence of George L. Dunlap. Mrs. H. O. Stone, a leader in society,
resides at 2035 ; Mr. Elbridge Keith lives at No. 1900, and the home of Edson Keith is at
19C6. Mr. Samuel Allerton's number is 1936 ; John M. Clark's is 2000. Going over to the
other side we come to No. 2117, which is occupied by
Mr. P. D. Armour. Like the homes of the neighboring millionaires, there is noth-
ing about Mr. Armour's residence suggestive of the great wealth of its owner. It is a
handsome dwelling as to exterior ; as to interior, it is fitted up with a regard to com-
fort principally, but at the same time an air of genteel refinement and elegant luxury
pervades every part of it. From this point south we pass, on either side of the avenue,
the homes of many of the leading people of Chicago. As a rule the dwellings are
modest. The new fads in architecture, or what Joe Gargcry might have called
architectitooralooralism, have not found their way into favor along here to any great
extent as yet. The street is as quiet as a country lane. Even the banana man's voice is
hushed. No noise breaks the dignified stillness of Prairie ave., save the occasional
whirr of an Illinois Central suburban train as it flies by the back yards of the buildings
on the east side. Although close to the business center, the numerous annoyances of
city life are practically left behind by the busy men who make their homes here when
they enter its secluded and sedate precincts.
606 GUIDE TO CHICAGO.
NINETEENTH DAY,
You will hear a certain class of people talking of the district in which we find our-
selves to-day as the "aristocratic " quarter of the city. You will not hear any well-
bred, well-educated or cultivated person make use of this expression. It is a decidedly
vulgar method of conveying the idea that this section of the city is inhabited very
generally by people of means. There is no such thing as an aristocracy in Chicago.
There never has been an attempt made to create anything of the kind here. Our
wealthy men are men who have worked their own way upward, they are men of the peo-
ple, and I believe those of them who are ashamed of their humble origin are very few
indeed. Mr. Field would be a gentleman if he didn't have a dollar, for he is naturally
a gentleman. His wealth through all the years that be has lived in Chicago has not
changed him in the least. The same is true of Mr. Armour least aristocratic or auto-
cratic of men who is not above the humblest of his employes in his own estimation,
and who would rather clothe and feed a needy child than dress for a banquet himself.
Mr. Pullman is simply a workingman a hard workingraan who seldom gets a vaca-
tion, and finds his greatest enjoyment in pursuits which are honorable but certainly
not aristocratic. These are conspicious representatives of the successful mercantile
class in this city, and as such are referred to in this connection. The whole tenor of
their lives, viewed from any point, or in any light, proves them to be above a vulgar
desire to be thought better than their fellows, simply because they have been more suc-
cessful. The respect which is due to marked ability in any line of life, to genius, to
indomitable perseverance, to spotless integrity, or to a high position well and honor-
ably earned, belongs to these and to hundreds of other men who have attained promi-
nence here. If they are regarded with very general esteem by the community at
large, it is not because they have accumulated wealth simply, but because they have
earned it well and honorably, exactly as men earn fame or position in other avenues
of life. There is no mere truckling to or fawning before wealth here. A number of
men in Chicago have great wealth who can command no respect. A very large num-
ber of men in Chicago have the respect of their neighbors and of the whole community
who can command no wealth. With such an independent discriminative and demo-
cratic sentiment in existence here, an aristocracy would not be tolerated, even if there
were among our wealthy men any so foolish as to favor its establishment. I say
these things to you because some of the members of our party came from a country
which not only tolerates but enjoys an aristocracy. We ought to understand each
other before going any farther. There is no aristocracy here, then. We all stand an
equal chance, if we behave ourselves. Now this is
Calumet Avenue One of the finest residence streets on the South Side, second only
to Prairie avenue and by some considered the handsomer avenue of the tw o. It ia inhab-
ited by a class of people such as we found yesterday on Prarie avenue, but perhaps not
so many wealthy men are grouped together over here. Among the first residences we
como to are those of Mr. John Buckingham, Mr. Norman Williams, Mr. C. H. Fargo,
Judge Caton, and, a little farther down, Mr. J. C. Chumesero all well known and
prominent citizens. On the opposite side of the street we find the homes of Henry W.
Hoyt, John A. Hamlin, John Ailing and John R. Walsh, equally well-known and
prominent people. These are all handsome residences, and are furnished in the highest
taste. Going down the avenue we pass the homes of Lazarus Silverman, the banker ;
Otto Young, the well known merchant and manager of " The Fair;" John B. Drake,
principal proprietor of the Grand Pacific Hotel; Robert M. Fair, of Marshall Field & Co.;
Judge Kirk Hawes, John P. Laflin, J. H. McAvoy, the big brewer ; John B. Mayo, the
jeweler ; and the homes of a number of other persons well-known in society and busi-
ness circles. Calumet avenue has a distinguished air about it. The houses are all
THE GUIDE. 607
fresh-looking and the lawns arc bright and attractive. We will walk down a few blocks
to
College Place Which is a decidedly respectable-looking little by-street. Here
ome very prominent families reside, but we will only linger a moment to admire their
homes before paying a similairly brief visit to
University Place Another rather exclusive neighborhood, where the residents
know all about each other and where a stranger would be likely to suffer criticism if
he should dare to take up his abode without having been previously presented to
the head of the Burgeoise circle. From University Place we naturally turn south on
Vincennes Avenue Which is hardly quite as fashionable as some of its neighbors
just yet, because it hasn't been so well built up. If you walk down Vincennes ave.
to Forty-third st. you will come upon the Storey mansion, which faces that street with
its rear rest ng on Grand boulevard. It looms up like a flour mill from where we
stand now, and as a matter of fact it is more like a flour-mill in design and construct-
ion than any thing I know of. Yes, it will be sold one of these days and torn down.
It was a mad freak. While we are in this vicinity, if you are not too tired, we will
walk over to
Grand Boulevard. This is one of the fashionable drives of the South Side, and I
have already referred to it under the heading "Park System." Turn the pages over.
However, I have said nothing about the people who reside on it. Commencing at the
southern extremity, where it joins Washington Park, we will walk up. Among the
handsome residences we pass to the right and left are those of Judge H. M. Shepard,
Mr. Charles H. Aldrich, Brice Worley, John W. Conley, Mark Webster, William W.
Peck, H. E. Henderson, Patrick McManus, S. J. Gorman, Norman T. Gazette, J. H.
Campbell, S. P. Parmly, E. Frankenthal, J. McMahon, Judge Gwyne Garnett, John F.
Finerty, George E. Cole, and, as the political calls say, "many others." I have not
asked you to go through the south parks with me because you have all the informa-
tion lean give you regarding those beautiful places in your possession already. I will
let you take the parks in yourself later in the evening, and we will wind up our day's
trip now by walking west on Thirty-ninth street, and north on Michigan boulevard.
All of the streets running north and south an, at 132, is the home of James B. Tascott, the father of Willie Tascott.
616 GUIDE TO CHICAGO.
[See Snell Murder.] The Rev. J. L. Withrow resides at 149; to our left, and from this
point to Madison st., there are a number of stately residences ami fashionable boarding
houses. Crossing Madison st. we pass the Congregational Theological Seminary and
the popular and fashionable Union Park Congregational Church. On our right is pretty
little Union Park itself, and through the trees we can see " Ghott Row " on Ogden ave.
and Washington blvd. extending toward the east. We turn our backs upon Union
Park and drive west From this p int to Garfleld Park
Washington Blvd. is a beautiful residence street. I wil 1 only point out a few of the
residences, however, although I would like to name all the occupants if I had the time.
Dr. C. W. Earle occupies the pretty residence at No. 635; J. F. Talcott lives in 570; S. 11.
McCrea, in 607; James McElroy.in 638; M. B. Loomis, in 629; andF. B. Loomis, next door.
George R. Davis, director-general of the Columbian Exposition, in 692; Milton Weston,
in 728; J. L. Thurber, in 732; J. T. Rawleigh, in 727; P. F. Ryan, in 730; James Granie, in
815; G. W. Plummer, in 810; JohnJ. Naghten, in 1145; W.E.Janes, in 1144; J. K.Bigelow,
in 1172; F. R. Grant, in 1179; F. J. Tennis, in 1229; G. M. Richardson, in 1388; J. H. Mel-
linger, in 1411; C. W. Clingman, in 1473; John Eiszner, in 1487; Joseph E. Shipley, in 1499;
and now we have reached the park. On our way down town, after passing Union
Park, we come to 470, the residence of C. K. G. Billings; to 450, where A. L. Suesman
resides; and to the left, at 425, we find the home of Mrs. A. J. Snell. There are so
many handsome places on Washington blvd. that we can not stop to admire them if we
want to get down town in time to visit McVicker's this evening.
TWENTY-FIFTH DAY.
I propose that you take in West Monroe, West Adams, West Jackson, West Con-
gress, and many of the north and south " c r oss town " streets of the West Division
to-day, in order that you may seo for yourself how the great majority of our well-to-
do people are situated. These streets are not fashionable in the strict sense of the
term, but they are respectable, and a great many fashionable people make their homes
along them. We should not neglect beautiful Warren avenue, or Park avenue, or
Walnut street either. You will flnd some pretty little parks over on the West Side
other than those I have pointed out. Jefferson Park, for instance, is a little gem, and it
is surrounded by handsome residences. Just east of it, on Adams street, is the Peter
Schuttler mamion, which will attract your attention. Vernon Park, to the southwest,
is another pretty spot, and here you will find some elegant homes. To tell you even
the names of all the people who reside in these comfortable and handsome residences
would require more time and patience than we have at our disposal. After you get
through with sight-seeing in the residence district you must take a drive south on
Ashland avenue and visit the
Lumber District. Here you will also see the West Side pumping works. The lum-
ber district as well as the pumping works are described fully elsewhere. We passed the
County Hospital and the Medical Colleges rather hastily yesterday. Go over there.
You will be admitted into the great buildings. The wards of the County Hospital may
be visited. The Presbyterian Hospital is close by. A little to the north is the Woman's
Hospital, which is worthy of your attention. All these places, as well as the Morgue
(in the rear of the County Hospital), are fully described in this book. You can not see
half enough ef the Hospital district in a day, but you must be ready to take in the
northwestern part ot the city to-morrow.
TWENTY-SIXTH DAY.
If we cross over the Randolph street bridge, we will soon find ourselves in the new
iron, steel and machinery center. There are some beautiful salesrooms on Randolph
and Canal and Clinton streets now, and the machinery trade appears to have come over
THE GUIDE. 617
here to stay. If you arc interested in mechanics this is the place for you. Everything
fro. a laundry to mining machinery is displayed here. There are some biff foundries
and iron works close by. Moving north to Lake street, we are in the midst of manu-
factories. There is the David Bradley concern, the Fraser & Chalmers works, the shot
tower, and dozens of other important manufactories within a stone's throw of us.
Near by the great Cold Storage Exchange is being erected. All these places are
referred to under the heading " Great Industries of Chicago." Turn back tho patres
and you wil find what you want to know concerning them. From this point Milwau-
kee avenue takes a shoot in a northwestern direction. We pass over a great via-
duct, crossing the tracks of the North- Western, the Panhandle and the St. Paul
roads, and enter upon a thoroughfare which is hardly estimated at its proper worth,
because it is so little known to the great majority of our people. Breweries tower to
the right of us. Iron manufactories blacken the atmosphere to the left of us, but we
are soon walking along a busy street, lined with shops, crowded with vehicles and alive
with pedestrians. This is
Milivaukee Avenue, and it is Milwaukee avenue for miles out. You meet a foreign
peofle over here principally descendants of the Vikings. You see foreign names
over foreign-looking stores. Foreign expressions are heard to drop from foreign-
looking people, but you notice that there is a decided air of prosperity pervading all
of your surroundings, and you look with admiration upon the thrift and industry
which make themselves felt on every side. The majority of the people you come in
contact with at first are Scandinavians. Later, as you move to the northwest, you
hear the unmistakable German accent aid see the unmistakable German signs. There
are some handsome buildings along here. Mr. Paul O. Stensland's bank gives a metro-
politan complexion to the neighborhood. There are book stores, dry goods stores,
notion stores, restaurants and hotels here. There are also saloons, but not as many to
the block as on some other thoroughfares. Milwaukee avenue will take you out to
Humboldt park, or to Wicker park or to the old Snell toll road, or to the northwestern
suburbs, if you follow it long enough. You can spend a day over in this section of
the city, however, very pleasantly, and one of the things which will attract your
attention is the great amount of building going on. On all sides fine store-houses and
residences are rising up as if by magic. You can rest in Humboldt Park when you are
tired of walking or riding, and while at the park don't fail to visit the Conservatory.
[See Park Conservatories.] The cable line will carry you out into the country. If you
would like to make the circuit you can take connecting lines which will bring you
back to the center of the city via the North Side cable. To-morrow we will move upon
the North Side.
TWENTY-SEVENTH DAY.
North Clark is the principal artery of the North Division. From this beautiful and
bustling thoroughfare nearly all the principal streets diverge. It is also the dividing
line between the residence and the business or manufacturing districts of this section.
Bel ween N. Clark and Lake Michigan are to be found the handsome residences, the
fine churches and the magnificent apartment houses. True, LaSalle ave. is not to be
ignored, but south of Chicago ave. it can not be any longer considered as a fashionable
street. The fine residences have been in most instances turned into boarding houses,
many of them are not over respectable. North and northwest of North ave. then- :n o
some elegant dwellings, but this district is noted for other attractions. We wiil take
the cable from Michigan st. to Lincoln Park. On our way we pass some very handsome
business blocks. North Clark st. has a moi'c dignified appearance than W. Madison s f .
The building's, as a rule, are higher and more substantial. There are some very fine
family hotels along here, and some large stores. At Illinois st. we come to the
618 GUIDE to CHICAGO.
Palace Hotel. The scheme for extending this hotel is to result in establishing
one of the greatest hostelries in the world on the North Side. [See Illustration.]
It is to contain 800 rooms and to cover two entire sides of a block. The plans,
which have been prepared, provide for a seven-story building 1 , to extend from the
corner of Clark and Indiana streets south to Illinois street and west on Illinois street.
The Palace Hotel, 100 feet on Clark street and 80 feet on Indiana street, occupies the
corner. It is seven stories and basement high. Next to this is an alley. South of this
Is a four-story building, and on the corner is a building five stories high. The entire
Clark street frontage is to be brought up to the height of the Palace Hotel, the addi-
tonal stories will be of the lightest possible composition. The walls will probably
be built of hollow brick and terra cotta. It has been decided to build bay-windows
over the alley. On the Illinois street side the plans are not so well developed. The
hotel company has leased eighty feet in addition to the eighty-foot corner. This will
be built up eighty-three feet high, to correspond with the Clark street frontage. The
reconstructed building is to be known as the Grand Palace Hotel, and will cost $300,000,
and will be under the management of C . P. Newberry, owner and proprietor of the pres-
ent Palace Hotel. Passing Chicago avenue we can see the North Side water tower to
our right, and Moody 's church to our left. Passing Washington square we see that the
building of the magnificent Newberry Library is^progressing. [See Newberry Librar y.]
In the vicinity of this square are some handsome apartment houses and some of the
most fashionable churches in the city. Beautiful Dearborn ave. skirts the park to the
right, and through the trees we can see the elegant building of the Union Club. Where
the Newberry building is being erected stood the old Ogden residence, for many years
an object of interest to strangers because it was the only building in the North
Division that withstood the onslaught of the conflagration on October 9, 1871. [See
Ogden residence.] Leaving Washington park, the next object pf interest we come
across is the Clark street power-house of the North Chicago cable lines. [See City
Railways.] We may go inside and watch the movement of the magnificent machinery
for awhile, after which we will proceed directly to Lincoln park. Here I will leave
you to spend the day, referring you to the heading " Park System " for all such
information as you may require regarding the attractions of this beautiful resort. If
you will remain until evening you will see the Yerke's electric fountain, a sight worth
witnessing. [See Yerke's Electric Fountain.] I would also suggest that you visit the
Sanitarium on the lake shore. [See Daily News Fresh Air Fund.] To-morrow I will
meet you in front of the Lincoln monument.
TWENTY-EIGHTH DAY.
Dearborn avenue, from this point south, is a beautiful and fashionable residence
street. To our left, before we enter the avenue, on the southeast corner of North State
and North avenue, is the elegant Archipiscopal palace of the Mt. Rev. P. A. Feehan,
Roman Catholic Archbishop of the diocese of Chicago. Farther toward the east,
and to our left is the head of the beautiful Lake Shore Drive. (See Lake Shore Drive.)
Moving down Dearborn avenue we pass on either side numerous handsome residences.
At No. 628 resides H. H. Shufeldt, the well known distiller. Adjoining his are the resi-
dences of W. C. and S. E. Egan. Farther down, at 602, resides S. M. Fargo. At 592 re-
sides Louis Stern, at 537 Wm. Sprague, at 539 D. H. Tolman, at 517 H. D. Colvin, at f32
O. W. Potter, at 471 R. Meadowcroft, at 408 B. F. Culver, at 400 J. M. Adsit, at 370 Wm.
M. Hoyt, at 362 the family of B. H. Campbell, at 350 John S. Runnels, counsel for Geo.
M. Pullman, at 323 Geo. S. Dunlap, at 321 Dr. R. N. Isham, at 330 J. J. McGrath, and in
this vicinity a large number of persons equally well known in business and society
circles. Running paraltll with Dearborn avenue are North State street, Rush street
and a number of other avenues upon which reside many of the leading people of
THE GUIDE. 619
the city, and where we will find some very elegant homes. At 118, on Stale street is the
Ontario, a fashionable apartment house, and among the residents on the street are J.
J. P. Odell (483), James A. Kirk (533), S S. Chisholm (537), Gen. A. S. Chetlain (543),
Lyraan J. Gage (470), Geo. Rowland, (48?) and Clarence H. Dyer (516). Among the
well-known residents on
Rush Street are Mrs. Cyrus H. McCormick (135), with whom reside Mr. and Mrs,
Emmons Blaine, Henry W. King (151), Cyrus H. Adams (155), W. K. Nixon (156). Close
by are the Marquette and Victoria apartment houses which are occupied by fashion-
able people. While in this vicinity a number of the streets running east and west
should be visited. They are all fashionable avenues and are lined with beautiful resi-
dences. The
Lake Shore Drive is refered to at very considerable length in this volume. It is not
yet, perhaps, but it is destined to te the most magnificent boulevard in Chicago. There
are not many residents on the drive as yet, but those who have located here are among
the first people of the city, and their homes are perhaps the most elegant we have to
exhibit to the visitor. As you drive toward Lincoln Park you pass at No. 57 the home
of Edward F. Lawrence. Close by, on Pearson street, are the winter residences of John
V. and C. B. Farwell. At No. 60 resides A. C. McClurg; at 66 Mason Starring and Prof.
David Swing; at 100 is the magnificent residence of Potter Palmer; at 103 resides
Franklin MacVeagh; at 109 S. E. Barrett; at 111 H. A. Towner; at 112 V. C. Turner; at
120 George Armour. Before leaving the residence district of the North Side, the
northern part of La Salle ave. should be visited. At 300 resides J. McGregor Adams;
at 317 Victor F. Lawson, editor of the Daily News; at 353 Dr. F. Henrotin; at 367
N. H. Blatchford; at 388 Geo. O. Fairbanks; at 436 H. A. Kirchoff; at 448 Malcolm
McNeil; at 520 Wm. Vocke; and all along the avenue people of prominence in society
and business circles. A day spent in driving or walking along these beautiful streets
will be a day well spent.
TWENTY-NINTH DAY.
To-day we can not do better than to wander through Lake View, formerly a city
in itself, now a portion of Chicago. A trip through this section may take us along the
north shore of the lake, into Graceland Cemetery, or through Argyle Park and Edge-
water, all of which are described elsewhere, or we may not halt until we have passed
through the .village of Uavenswood and on to Rose Hill. Whichever direction we may
take, if we keep to the lake shore, we will find ourselves surrounded by residences and
lawns unexcelled for beauty in any part of the city. Or we may strike out toward the
west and find ourselves on the thoroughfares which sweep through the populous district
lying contiguous to the north branch of the Chicago ri%-er. Over here we will find
the Deering Works and the North Side Rolling Mills, already described. In the dis-
trict lying between the river and Lincoln Park we will find several business centers
which will be a surprise to us. These are penetrated and fed by Sedgwick st., Larrabee
St., N. Halsted St.. Garfield ave., and Lincoln ave. On the latter thoroughfare we find
a cable railway which carries us out beyond the present building limits. In this quar-
ter of the city are many handsome public institutions. I have already called your
attention to St. Joseph's Hospital and to the McCormick Seminary. Besides these you
will pass the Uhlich Orphan Asylum and many very handsome churches of the various
denominations. The business blocks on N. Market, N. Halsted, Sedgwick St., Larra-
bee st., Garfield ave., Lincoln ave. and even on far away Fullerton ave. will compare
very favorably with pretentious structures in the heart of the business district.
There is a great local traffic going on out this way. Miles from the commercial center
620 GUIDE TO CHICAGO.
you find yourself practically in another city, independent almost of the down town
section, with its own theaters, public halls, retail stores, promenades and distinctive
interests.
THIRTIETH DAY.
You will necessarily, and as a matter of course desire to visit the suburbs. Not
many of these can be visited in a day or even in a week. But we can take a North-
western train this morning 1 and, at least, pay a flying visit to the beautiful villages
which are to be found along the Milwaukee division. We select this division because
I want you to see, particularly, the buildings of the Northwestern University. These
are described in full under the head of Educational Institutions. If you have any
leisure time on your hands before the close of the day, you will visit Fort Sheridan,
only a short distance to the north. This post is described under the head of Military.
Trains are passing at frequent intervals, and if there is still an hour left, you can visit
Calvary and Rosehill cemeteries on your return trip to the city.
THIRTY-FIRST DAY.
We have not been able up to this time, to give our attention to the great manu-
facturing towns which lie to the south of the city. The Calumet District should not
be overlo ked by the visitor. It is already fully covered in the body of this volume,
under the headings, " Outlying Chicago " and " Great Industries of Chicago." All the
world has heard of Pullman, and all the people of the world who will visit Chicago
during the next three years will want to see that wonderful industrial center. South
Chicago. Hegewish, Harvey, Hammond andTolleston are destined to become equally
famous in the near future. All the information obtainable with reference to these
great manufacturing centers, you will find by reference to the index. I leave you
here to pursue your journey alone. During the days I have been with you we have
seen a great part, but by no means all of Chicago. I have not, as a rule, gone over the
ground already covered by other departments of this volume, leaving you to deter-
mine for yourself which places you should visit and which you should pass by.
Before saying good-bye to you, I want to call your attention to a number of houses
of prominence and resp'ctability, and a number of attractions which you should
visit and see before leaving Chicago. In the very necessity of the case it was
impossible for me to stop long enough at each of these places as we went along, but
now your time is your own and I advise you to give them your earnest consideration.
You are certain to be interested in what follows.
Dodge Manufacturing Company, The. The Dodge Manufacturing Company, prop-
erly a Chicago concern, with factory situated at Mishawaka, Indiana. Their ground
plant covers a space of eighty acres and a floorage capacity of twenty acres. Thiscon-
cern is the largest manufacturer of pullsysin the world, their daily output being about
750 pulleys. This factory was entirely destroyed by fire and rebuilt in a modest way
the same year. Success crowned their efforts, and now the plant is one of the repre-
sentative establishments of the country. Over seven million bricks have been used in
the construction of this plant, and of these over five million have been laid during the
past four years. About 600 men are employed in the large works of this company.
Their woiv s are equipped throughout with new and special machinery for the manu-
facture of pulleys. Their product is popularly known as the Dodge Patent Inde-
pendence Wood Split Pulley, and the increasing demand for this pulley is considered
ample evidence as to their merit over any other pulley in the market. By their patent
bushing every pulley is capable of being adjusted to from twenty-five to forty different
sizes of shaft, making their daily output equal to 30,000 iron pulleys. This company is
also originator of the Dodge patent system of power transmission by manila rope.
THE GUIDE. 621
This system has been copied by numerous manufacturers throughout the country, but
the honor of origination belongs only to the Dodge people. They have built and
erected rope drives ranging in capacity from 2,000 horse-power down, and covering
distances as far as 4,000 feet. A fully-equipped foundry with a melting capacity of
eighty tons per day, also an extensive machine shop, represents part of this company's
plant. A new line of power-transmitting appliances, including hangers, pillow blocks,
couplings, friction clutches, etc., has been added to their list of products. They also
enjoy the reputation of having the finest engine room in this country. The Chicago
office of this concern is located at 63 and 65 South Canal street, where a large stock of
their several specialties is carried for immediate delivery.
Gormully A Jeffery Mfg. Co. Makers of the " Rambler" bicycles. R. Philip Gor-
mully, president and treasurer; Thos. B. Jeffery, secretary and superintendent.
Works located on North Franklin and Pearson streets; retail salesroom at 85 Madison
street; has branch houses in New York, Boston and Washington. Established in 1879.
This concern from a small beginning now ranks as one of the leaders in its particular
line, the value of their immense plant mounting well up into six figures. It is the
second oldest bicycle institution in this country, was the first in the West and also the
very first in America, with sufficient faith in what, less than eight years ago, seemed
a very precarious industry, to erect and equip a factory specially for the manufacture
of bicycles. It is also largely through its efforts that the trade has assumed the pro-
portions of to-day, as they i esisted the demand for payment of royalty, which was
levied by the holder of the original license, and after a long and expensive legal fight,
ending in the supreme court of theU. S., they secured a verdict on each and every
point raised. The decision threw the doors open and the bicycle industry, along with
the Gormully & Jeffery Co., has since gone on and flourished.
Marine Engine Works. Robert Tarrant, proprietor. This is one of the pioneer
induitries in its line in this city, having been started in 1857 by Mr. John Murphy, who,
with various partners, was connected with it up to 1868, at which time Mr. Tarrant
entered into partnership with him under the firm name of Murphy & Tarrant, their
connection continuing until the great fire of 1871, at which time Mr. Murphy retired.
Mr. Tarrant, with the energy characteristic of him, at once began to enlarge the busi-
ness, and, as a result, has to-day a shop whose equipments of tools and appliances is
second to none in the country. Eight years ago he built and occupied his present
quarters at 52, 54 and 56 Illinois street, which are 75 feet by 100 feet, five stories high,
and which it was supposed would be amply sufficient for the requirements of his busi-
ness for years to come, but its growth has kept pace with that of the city, and a contin-
uance of it will compel larger accommodations. His line of manufacture is varied,
running from the finest tools for watch-making to mammoth presses for printing
newspapers, ice machines, brick presses, marine engines and any special machine which
the market may require. In 1885, finding that his business required a better grade of
castings than the foundries of that time could furnish, he decided it to be necessary for
him to branch out in that auxiliary line, and consequently associated with him in the
foundry business, Mr. John Ramsay, who had and has the reputation of being the best
foundryman in the Western country, under the firm name of Tarrant & Ramsay,
but in 1891 the requirements of the business induced them to organize as a corporation
under the name of the Tarrant & Ramsay Company. This concern has rapidly
come to the front by its ability to make difficult and large castings, and lately suc-
ceeded in making three, weighing twenty tons each, which are the largest made west
of New York.
Henry Dihblee Co., The. Location of factory and sales rooms 149 and 150 Michi-
gan ave., (formerly and for many years at 266 and 268 Wabash ave.) The com-
622 GUIDE TO CHICAGO.
pany occupies the entire four-story building at the numbers named, where they
employ a large number of workmen in the manufacture of the finest special designs
in wood mantels, bookcases, office fixtures, side-boards and all kinds of interior orna-
mental furnishings. The business of the company was established in 1873 by Henry
Dibblee, in whose name it was conducted until 1886, when it was incorporated with a
capital stock of $75,000. Officers: Anson S.Hopkins, president; B. E. Sunny, vice-
president; J. G. Sanborn, secretary and treasurer. They carry in stock the largest
assortment of grates and mantels, and are large importers of English tiles for floors,
walls, etc. Among the many prominent buildings fitted up by this company we may
mention the Auditorium, of Chicago ; Kinsley's, the Pullman office building, the Polk
street and Great Western depots, the Keith and Perry office buildings. Kansas City;
the Northwestern Life Insurance building, Milwaukee ; the Tennessee Club, of Mem-
phis, Tenn., as well as hosts of the finest private residence?. Their elegantly fitted
show rooms are worthy of a visit from the stranger, and especially those interested in
the lines manufactured and carried by this company. )
Rice and Whitacre Manufacturing Company. Located 47 and 49 South Canal street.
Established as a firm 1880. Incorporated, 1887. Manufacture and handle engines, boilers,
steam pumps, power transmitting machinery, steam and hot water heating apparatus.
Among goods of their own manufacture are the " Kriebel " steam engines an d the
"Triumph" steam and hot water heaters. They are also agents in the West for the
" G urney " hot water heaters, and handle a large line of stationary, automatic and
hoisting engines outside of those of their own manufacture, as well as steel boilers of
all styles. As a part of their local business they contract for the erection of complete
steam-power plants. Outside of Chicago their trade in certain lines extends to all
parts of the United States, and some of their goods are sold for export. Their shops
are well equipped with modern improvements and facilities, including the latest
machinery, while a large force of skilled men is required to meet the demands of their
constantly increasing patronage.
The Edward Ely Company. Few establishments in mercantile life occupy more
general attention in these days of tasteful attire than those devoted to the manufac-
ture and sale of mule garments, for at no period during its entire history has the
tailor's art been so highly appreciated or better understood than at the present day.
Among the many popular and prosperous houses devotid to this important branch of
industry in Chicago, and well worthy of more than passing notice, is the concern of
the Edward Ely Company, whose well-ordered establishment is most centrally located
in the Ely Building, at the corner of Wabash avenue and Monroe street, and which has
for many years enjoyed a wide-spread reputation for the superior quality of its pro-
ductions, and fair, square and liberal business methods. Mr. Ely, the founder of this
enterprise, was born in Huutington, Conn., and settled in Chicago in 1852. Being a
thorough master of the merchant tailoring trade, he embarked in business on his own
account in 1854, and, after amassing a competence in a comparatively brief period, lost
almost his all, in common with so many of his brother business men, during the holo-
caust of 1871. With characteristic energy, he at once began the attempt to rebuild his
fallen fortunes, and with such success that in 1886 he inaugurated the present company
under the laws of the state of Illinois, with a paid-up capital of 8100,000. His present
quarters constitute one of the finest appointed merchant tailoring emporiums in Chi-
cago, and are fully equipped with every convenience for the comfort of patrons, and
the advantageous display of the fine stock of French, English and German broadcloths,
cassimeres, woolens, worsteds, tweeds, meltons, cheviots, diagonals, etc., in all the
latest and most fashionable styles. Some idea may be formed of the extent of the oper-
ations of this company when it is stated that five cutters and seventy-five journeymen
THE GUIDE". 623
are provided with constant employment. Mr. Ely, in point of fact, ranks as the lead-
ing merchant tailor of the Metropolis of the West, his trac ing connection being broadly
distributed over the entire Union. He is a prominent member of bothsocial and com-
mercial circles, actively identified with the Merchant Tailors' Association, and a heavy
holder of Chicago realty.
Irwin, Green & Co. This is one of the oldest houses in the grain commission trade
in Chicago. Located at 12C to 131 Rialto Building adjoining the Board of Trade. D . W.
Irwin and A. W. Green and C. D. Irwin compose the firm. Established by D. W.
Irwiii in 18.">4. Later it became D. W. Irwin & Co., and continued so for some years.
Mr. Green has been with the house over twenty years. C. D. Irwin is a son of the
senior member. The firm has ridden out all panics, has never failed, has always en joy-
ed the highest credit among bankers and the trade in general, and does a large receiv-
ing and shipping business, besides, d< alii g extensively in grain and provisions and
buying and selling for future delivery all commodities dealt in on the Board of Trade.
The firm's offices in the Rialto Building comprise a fine suite of rooms, are convenient
to the Hoard and worthy of a visit from the stranger.
Fred S. James & Co. Chicago is to be congratulated upon the high standard of
enterprise, ability and integrity displayed by its leading fire underwriters, prominent
among whom is the responsible firm of Fred S. James & Co. This extensive business
was established in 1863 by Alfred and Fred S. James and continued in that name until
1871, when the business was transferred to Fred S. James & Co. Associated w.th Fred
S. James at the present time are Wm. D. Marsh and George W. Blossom. 1 he firm
was one of the few to go through the great c> nflagration of 1871 with comparatively
few failures in their line of companies, so conservative and prudent had they been in
the selection of risks their offices are located at 174 La Salle street, and are commo-
diously and handsomely fitted up and furnished with great^taste. A number of assis-
tants are employed; and every facility is at hand for the transaction of the leading
underwriter's business in a prompt and satisfactory manner. This firm is the agent for
a number of the leading corporations in their line. Among the many represented are
the following: Lancashire of England, cash assets $2,010,219; Firemen's Fire Insur-
ance Co., Boston, Mass., cash capital $400,000; Eliot Insurance Co., Boston, Mass., cash
capital 3200,000 ; Connecticut Fire Insurance Co., Hartford, Conn., cash capital $1,000,-
000; National Fire Insurance Co., Hartford, Conn., cash capital $1.000,0,0; Broadway
Insurance Co., New York, cash capital 82,000,000; The Delaware Mutual Safety Insur-
ance Co., Philadelphia, Penn., cash capital $703,875
E. S. & W. S. Fowler. Located at 38 Madison street. Familiarly known as
Fowler's. The leading manufacturing optician of Chicago. This house makes a
specialty of scientific testing of the eye and grinding glasses to correct any defect of
vision. They employ experts and solicit the most complicated cases. The stranger
visiting Chicago, if troubled with any disease of the eye, will find it to hisj advantage
to visit this establishment.
Western Wheel Works Factory, Wells, Schiller and Sigel streets, North Sitfe; main
office, 501 Wells street. The largest bicycle manufacturing establishment in America.
The factories of this company contain 25 ',000 square feet of floor space and employ one
thousand men. No less than 25,000 safety bics'cles were made and sold in 1891. The
facilities of the establishment have been doubled. Among the most popular bicycles
manufactured here are the Blackhawk, Crescent No. 2, Escort, Crescent No. 1, Juno,
Rob Boy No. 3, Rob Roy No. 2, Rob Roy No. 1. Here are also manufactured the Cinch.
Combination Junior, Boy's Junior and Pet. These machines have a market in every
part of the world, and owing to their popularity the export trade is constantly increas-
ing. They are everywhere considered among the most reliable and popular. Some of
624 GUIDE TO CHICAGO.
the makes mentioned have been ridden by champions in prize contests throughout the
country. Eastern agents, R. L. Coleman & Co., 35 Barclay St., New York.
Sawyer-Goodman Co. The Sawyer-Goodman Company, 500 Lumber St. and 107
Dearborn St., is one of the largest and most widely known lumber companies in
America. Its officers were pioneers in the manufacture of lumber in Michigan and
Wisconsin, and it now owns large areas of pine forests in those states, and its mills
are of the largest capacity and most modern construction. The distributing yards in
Chicago are among the most extensive in the city, with one thousand feet of dock
front and track room to load fifty cars daily. Having ample room for piling in these
great yards, a stock of lumber, unsurpassed in extent, is constantly on hand, from
which demands for pine lumber for every conceivable purpose can be promptly
filled; whether from the wholesale lumber merchant of Chicago, to supply the de-
ficiencies of his stock, or from the lumbermen cf other cities, or more especially for
shipment by rail to the more remote, but no less important trade of the retail lumber
dealers in all parts of the country. This company also manufactures and supplies
from its mills large quantities of the stock handled by other lumbermen. The com-
bined sales of its mills and Chicago yards have exceeded an average of 75,000,COO feet
annually for many years. To the stranger in Chicago a visit to these yards and docks
on the river near 22nd Street bridge would be very interesting, and tourists who
desire to see something of this most important industry would be well repaid for a
visit to the mills of the company at Marinette, Wisconsin, only one night's ride from
Chicago by palace car. The President of this company is Hon. Philetus Sawyer, of
Wisconsin, the well-known United States senator; the active officers in Chicago being
James B. Goodman, secretary, and Wm. O. Goodman, treasurer.
E. W. Blatchford & Co. Located at the intersection of Clinton and Fulton streets
and Milwaukee avenue, in the center of the West Side manufacturing district, well
worth a visit by all strangers coming to Chicago, are the works of E. W. Blatchford &
Company and The Chicago Shot Tower. The former was established at this point forty
and the latter twenty-five year3 ago. The business has been enlarged and extended to
meet the growth of our city and the Northwest, and has always been the leading man-
ufacturing concern in the West for lead and lead products. This includes lead pipe %
sheet lead, bar and pig lead, glaziers' lead, sash weights, etc., etc. During the past
twenty years this house has given special attention to mixed metals, electrotype and
stereotype metals. Finding it necessary to have on hand at all times for their own
uses pig tin and copper, ingot, sheet and bar antimony of all grades, spelter, antimon-
ial lead, in large quantities, they are in the best possible position to fill the require-
ments of the trade generally on particularly advantageous terms.
During the past few years the Blatchford Cartridge Works have been incorporated
with the other business, and their loaded shells have rapidly taken the first position in
the estimation of the shooting community. A visit to their works can not fail to be
very interesting to all those concerned in this line of business.
There are many objects of interest amonsr the large manufacturing concerns in
this neighborhood, and a visit to the Shot Tower and its vicinity will amp.y repay the
time devoted to this purpose.
Peltibone, Mullihen & Company's Works. Situated on four acres of ground,
occupying the block bounded by Hawthorne avenue, Eastman, Dayton and Rees
Bti-cets, having 450 feet front on the Chicago, Milwaukee & St. Paul Railway. The
buildings are of substantial character, built of brick, and cover nearly two-thirds of
the property. Pettibone, Mulliken & Company are manufacturers of Strom Clamp
Frogs, Channel Split Switches, Axel Automatic Switch Stands, Pilot Automatic Switch
Stands, Banner Switch Stands, Marks Switch Stands, Samson Head Chairs, Tie Bars,
THE GUIDE. 025
and ordinary frogs, crossings, split switches, combination slip switches also Alkins
Forged Steel Rail Braces, Jenne Track Jacks, Union Track Drills, Perfection Track
Drills, Roller Rail Benders, and Union Counterbalance Hoists for ore docks.
All frogs, crossings, and switches are worked cold. All parts of the various appli-
ances turned ont are^made to templet: are interchangeable, and are manufactured by
special machinery.
The Union Counterbalance Hoists for ore docks are the latest improved appliances
for raising chutes on ore docks. This hoist has been placed on three large docks in the
West. The specialties manufactured, such as the Jenne Track Jack, the Roller Rai
Bender, the Union and Perfection Track Drills, and the Alkins Forged Steel Rail Brace
are used on nearly every railroad in the United States and many foreign roads. The
Jenne Track Jack was the first friction track jack put on the market.
Warner Brothers, Corset Manufacturers Located at 203 and 205 Jackson street, J.
A. Miner, manager. Factory located at Bridgeport, Conn . The largest corset manu-
factory in the world; a frontage of 830 feet; height, four stories; capacity, 850 dozen
corsets a day. The celebrated Coraline Corset made in twenty-four styles to fit any
form short. medium or long waist ranging in price from $1 to $5 each. They'
manufacture corsets ranging in price from $3.50 to $3C per dozen.
M. A.Richardson, Jr., & Co. This firm was founded by M. A. Richardson, Sr., who
has been engaged in the manufacturing and jobbing business in Chicago since 1870.
They were located on East Lake street for a number of years; but, finding it difficult to
obtain room for their rapidly-growing busines^ on the overcrowded South Side, and
recognizing the fact that the business center of Chicago must move westward, they
went over to the West Side in 1890 and purchased the corner on West Washington boul-
evard and Curtis street, where they erected a large six-story building adapted to the
manufacture of tinware and other goods in their line, and where they also do a large
jobbing business in japanned, silver-plated ware, clocks, cutlery and all kinds of
kitchen utensils, novelties, etc., etc . This location is convenient to all freight depots and
is easily reached by business men visiting the city, as the Madison street cable cars
run one block to the south and the Randolph street horse cars one block to the south,
while the Lake street elevated road, when completed, will run within two blocks on
the north.
Visitors should get off the cars at Curtis street, when they will have no trouble to
find their place.
M. A. Richardson, Jr., and B. H. Chamberlin, the more active members of the
firm, claim that with their present facilities for handling freight and manufacturing
with no rent to pay, that they can meet any competition, quantity and quality con.
sidered.
This section of Chicago must soon be given up to business, as manufacturers are
buying up allavailable property, and many large factories, wholesale and retail houses
are now in course of erection. Anyone contemplating building a factory, wholesale
house, or any other institution for traffic, should not fail to look over this locality, as it
is sure to be in the center of the business district of the great metropolis in a short
time.
The Chicago Rawhide Manufacturing Company.- Established in 1878, and was incor-
porated in March following. Its business is the manufacture of rawhide belting, lace-
leather, rope and other rawhide goods of all kinds. The process by which it manu-
factures its leather is known as the KRUEGER patent, of which the company is the
sole owner. They also control a large number of other patents, necessary to the
busine s. The company first commenced the manufacture of its goods at 38 and 4o
West Monroe Street. Their goods immediately found favor in the market, and in a
626 GUIDE TO CHICAGO.
short time the business outgrew the space occupied at the above location. In Novem.
ber, 1882, it removed to its present location, 75 and 77 East Ohio Street, into a building
50x100 feet, five stories, prepared especially for their use. Two years ago an addition
of two stories was made to the building. They now employ a large number of work-
men, and business is constantly on the increase. All goods manufactured are of the
best quality, and their reputation is known all over the world. Their trade covers the
whole country, as well as many foreign countries. They have recently added the
manufacture of rawhide hydraulic packing to their already extensive thie of manu-
facture -, and have been for many years making rawhide pinion and gears, that for
results are unequaled by anything in the market. These pinions are noiseless, and
wear better than steel. In the manufacture of their goods, nothing but the best
native hides are used, and very great care is taken to produce the best goods that can
be made. The present officers of the company are W. H. Emery, president; W. H.
Preble, secretary and treasurer, and A. 15. Spurling, vice-president. These gentlemen
are all well known of business ability, and thoroughly undei stand their business.
JThe company has the reputation of square and honest dealings in all respects, and
can be relied upon as being one of our best business houses.
Sweet, irallncli & Co., located 215 and 221 Wabash avenue, dealers in Photographic
Supplies. Business conducted originally in the name of Chas. W. Stevens & Co.,estab-
]isli<-il 1865. In January, 1886, the present firm assumed control of the business, and
under the present management has grown to be the leading house in America in its line.
Vic rlimj, McDowell & Co., Iron JFo reallocated at Twenty-third Street and Stewart
avenue, on the lines of the Pittsburgh, Fort Wayne & Chicago and Western Indiana
Railroads.
Works cover about two acres of ground. Have substantal buildings for foundry,
pattern, erecting shops and office. Over two hundred hands employed, and handle
annually over twenty thousand tons of pig iron, rolled beams, etc. Take State street
or Archer avenue car, or Ft. Wayne train at Union depot or Western Indiana Railroad
at Dearborn station .
Robert Vierling, President; Louis Vierling, Secretary and Treasurer; and Alfred
Grossmith, Superintendent.
A. H. Andrews & Company. Located at 21 5-221 Wabash ave., in the heart of the
business center. One of the largest commercial outfitting establishments in the world.
Also the leading school furnishing house of Chicago. Here may be seen every possi-
ble design in commercial office fixtures of the better class in desks and in furnishings.
The show rooms of the house are elegantly arranged. The designs in desks are in
many cases novel as well as beautiful. This firm has furnished the fittings for some of
the leading banking rooms of the city. The beautiful interior of the Union National
Bank was designed and executed by A. H. Andrews & Co. They will furnish the
bank fittings of the Chemical Bank of Chicago on the World's Fair grounds, which is
to be located in the Administration building. It is to be the most elegantly furnished
bank in America. Aside from desks and outfitting departments of this establishment,
here are also to be found Andrew's celebrated folding-beds, the most popular in
America. The stranger is advised, by all means, to visit A. H. Andrews Wahash Avenue,
Chicago.
OLD COINS AND POS TAGE S TAMPS~
All sorts of Old Coins ami Postage
Stamps bought ami sold.
Illustrated Coin Catalogue, ten cents.
Stevens is. Company,
69 Dearb. rn St., (. hk-ago.
PATENT ATTORNEYS
D. H. FLETCHER,
PATENT LAWYER.
Solicitor American n Foreign Patents,
4-i_'-404 Temple Court,
225 Dearborn Street, - Chicago.
DAYTON, POOL & BROWN,
Solicitors of
AMERICAN AND FOREIGN PATENTS,
215 Dearborn St., Chicago.
PHYSICIANS.
DR. J. G. TRINE'S
Institute of the MOVEMENT-CURE.
For circular or other information, please
call or address
435 East Randolph St., Bet. State & Wabash.
PLATE GLASS.
GEORGE F. KIMBALL,
Imp'r of Polished, Plate & Window Glass,
Stained, Art, Co ored, Cathedial Glass.
Nos. 315 to 3'il Wabash Avenue,
Opp. Auditorium, Chicago.
PRESSED BRICK COMPANIES,
TIFFANY PRESSED BRICK COMPANY,
M'f'rs of Plain, Rock-Faced and
Ornamental Pressed Brick,
In Red, Brown and Light Shades
No. 16i La Salle St., Chicago.
PUBLISHERS.
CHRISTIAN SCIENCE PUBLISHING CO.
FANNY M. HARLEY, Manager.
Send for catalogue.
87 Washington St., Chicago.
RUBBER GOODS.
THE COLUMBIA RUBBER WORKS CO
Manufacturers Agents,
R. 'I'. Whelpley, Manager,
159 and 161 Lake St., Cor. La Salle,
Chicago, 111.
Mechuu.cal Hose, Belt.ng. Packing, Tubing,
Valves, etc.
Goods to order a Specialty.
TeEGuTTA PKKCHA KI;KISKU M'F'o. CO.
17'i Lake Street.
SHIP-CHANDLERS AND SAIL MAKERS.
GEO. B. CARPENTER & CO.,
202 t 208 So! Water Str. et, Chicago.
Tent-, Awnings, and Paulins, Flays and
Banners, Yacht Supplies, Marine Hardwar.-.
SIGNS OF ALL DESCRIPTIONS.
MURRAY & CO.,
Randolph and Jefferson Sts.
SIGN PAINTERS.
C. H. HALLO WELL & CO..
General Sign Contractors anil Out Door Advertisers.
Office Kooin 83, 185 Dearborn Street.
Works Rear of 3008 H Cottage Grove Avenue.
Telephone 4466.
THE BUYERS' GUIDE LEADING HOUSES.
SOAP DIES AND PRESSES.
CHRISTY & CO.,
Engravers.
Printing Plates for boxes.
32 to 40 S. Jefferson Strett.
SPOOL COTTON AND THREAD M'F'RS.
MERRICK THREAD CO.,
Manufacturers of Merrick's Best Six Cord
Soft Finish Sp"Ol Cotton.
General Western Agency, 205 Fifth Avenue,
E. A. Still, Manager. Chicago.
STATIONERS.
Account Books, Stationery, Good Printing.
THAYI.H & JACKSON STATIONERY Co.
Formt-rly Skeen & Stuart Stationary Co.
215 and i:47 State St., near Jackson.
STEAM PIPE COVERING,
MAGNESIA SECTIONAL COVERING.
ALFRED C. KEMPER,
Gen. Western Agent.
208 and 210 Lake Street.
STENCIL AND STAMP GOODS.
C. H. HANSON,
Engraving, Stencils and Stamp Goods.
Rubber Stamp Supplies,
Imported Numbering Machines, &c.
4i Clark St., Chicago, 111.
SURGICAL INSTRUMENTS
SHARP & SMITH,
M'f'rs & Imp't'rs of Surgical instruments.
Artificial Limbs. Elastic Stoci-ings.
Artificial Eyes. Veterinary Instruments.
73 Randolph St., Chicago.
TENTS, AWNINGS, AND COVERsT
MURRAY & CO.,
Randolph and Jefferson Sts.
TWINES AND CORDAGE.
GEO. R. CARPENTER & CO.,
Best Grades and Make of All Kinds,
Mnu.llii and Sisal Twines
of All Kinds.
202-.?T8So. Water St., - - Chicago.
UPHOLSTERY GOODS.
AUG. HEUER & SONS,
W.holesale Dealers in
Cabinet Hardware and Upholstery Goods.
173 Randolph Street, Chicago, 111
VENTILATORS.
ANDREWS, JOHNSON & CO.
Ventilating Contractors and manufacturers
of Sheet Metal Work.
46-48 S. Canal St , Chicago,
WALL PAPER.
S. A. MAXWELL & CO.,
134 & 136 Wabash Avenue, Chicago.
Artistic Wall Paper.
Fresco and Plain Painting.
WA TCH MAKERS AND JEWELERS.
THE SHURLY CO.
56 Randolph St.,
CHICAGO.
WHOLESALE MILLINERS.
EDSON KEITH & COMPANY.
Straw Goods, Ribbons, Velvets. Plushes,
Silks, White Goods, Embroideries, Laces,
Ladies' Furnishings, Yarns, Etc.
Wabash Ave. & Monroe St., Chicago.
WHOLESALE FURNITURE.
KNAPP & STODDARD,
WHOLESALE FURNITURE- Mill Agents.
The Auditorium is one of the many Hotels
we have furnished.
267 & ~'0'J Wabash Avenue.
WOOD CARPETS AND PARQUET FLOORS.
Wood Carpets. Wood Mosaic, Parquet Bor-
ders. Inlaid Floors, Butcher's
Boston Polish.
E. B. MOORE & CO.,
43 Randolph Street.
J. DUNFEE & CO.,
104 and .06 Franklin Street.
Plain and Ornamental Hardwood Floors,
Wood Carpets, etc.
Estimates Furnished Send fur Catalogue.
WOOD TURNINGS, M'F'RS.
M. GARRISON,
M'f'rs of WOOD TURNINGS,
Band Sawing and General Jobbing,
200 & a X S. Clinton Street,
Chicago.
BEST AND - - -
MOST LUXURIOUS.
- - - CATALOGUE ON APPLICATION -
GORMULLY & JEFFERY MFC. CO,
RIDING SCHOOL ON PREMISES.
INSTRUCTIONS FREE.
FACTORY:
North Franklin
and Pearson Streets,
Chicago,
BRANCHES:
New York,
Boston,
Washington.
[joodricli Transportation Co.,
_
OODRICH LINE
STEAMERS
OFFICE AND DOCKS, Foot Michigan Avenue, Chicago.
TWICE DAILY BETWEEN
CHICAGO AND MILWAUKEE,
REGULAR TRIPS TO
CHICAGO, Racine, MILWAUKEE, Sheboygan, Manitowoc, Carlton, Kewaunee,
Ahnapee, Sturgeon Bay, Marinette, Menominee, Green Bay, Escanaba,
Gladstone, Fayette, Garden Bay, Nahma, Thompson, Manistique,
Ephraim, Ellison Bay, Sister Bay, FishCreek, Egg Harbor, Ludington,
Manistee, Pentwater, Frankfort, Grand Haven, Muskegon, Etc.
The Cheapest and Most Comfortable way to reach all Central and Northern Michigan Pointi
is via these Steamers.
The new Fp*t Steel Steamship " Virginia" performs the day seryice between Chicago and Milwaukee, and
nitrht service returning. The new S. 8. "Indiana" and Steamer "Chicago." making the night run from Chicago
to Milwaukee and tho morning run returning. The new Steamships "Atlanta" and "City of Racine," perform-
ing the daily service >MORTGftG& B/M&RS.
OWNERS OF EGGLESTON AND AUBURN PARK REALTY.
CHOICE SUBURBAN PROPERTY A SPECIALTY.
-ALSO-
STREET CONTRACTORS.
MANUFACTURERS AND DEALERS IN
CRUSHED STONE, CONCRETE STONE, Etc.
Particular attention piven to building MACADAM ROADS, DniVESand BOULEVARDS.
Will take the entire-contract for Platting and Putting in ALL Improve-
ments in New Subdivisions.
Offices: Room 2O7, Tacoma Building. Telephone 44.
Room 6OO, Royal Insurance Building. Telephone 1 6O2.
A STRICTLY FIRST-CLASS
European Hotel.
CUISINE UNSURPASSED. LOCATION UNEQUALLED.
At the head of the Grand Boulevard system, and still within six blocks of the
Custom House, Post Office, Board of Trade, Wholesale
and Retail Centers.
GAGE HOTEL COMPANY
ALBERT S. GAGE, Pres. PROPRIETORS.
Wabash Ave., Cor, Jackson, Chicago,
PIONEER BUGGY COMPANY,
COLUMBUS, OHIO.
"GOOD"
BETTER"
"BEST"
BUGGY
$55.00
65.OO
75.OO
GOOD D I 1 PI C T A LI S85.00
rnnb I ON ,sss
GUARANTEED THOROUGHLY IN EVERY PARTICULAR.
CATALOGUE FREE.
We will ship any style to any address, subject to examination before paying.
To be returned to us at our expense if not satisfactory.
Our "Best" Buggy is not a cheap Buggy, but is a first-class, thoroughly reliable vehicle
at an extremely low wholesale price.
Our Warranty goes with every one of them, which is good for one yeir from date of
purchase. It is trimmed with either 30 ounce Indigo Dyed Cloth, (All Wool,) or Fancy
Leather. If pole is wanted, add $0 50 to the above price. You take no risk in sending us
your order, as we have enough confidence in this Buggy to ship it subject to your
approval. Don't write tp ask if we will sell three or four at a reduction. There is no
reduction of any kii^d to be made from the above price, no matter how large the quantity
In ordering, be particular to state whether you wish the End Spring or the Brewster
Spring; and whether you wish the Wide or Narrow Track; or Cloth or Leather Trimmings
We paint gears green, carmine yellow or black, as preferred.
PIONEER BUGGY CO.,
COLUMBUS, OHIO, U. S. A.
CAPACITY 100 FINISHED VEHICLES DAILY.
xxvii
THE
-TO-
CHICAGO.
ZEIDITZO^T.
TO BE ISSUED
JANUARY, 1893:
REVISED AND CORRECTED UP TO
TJiis will be the HANDSOMEST BOOK ever published in Chicago^
and the GREATEST ADVERTISING MEDIUM
ON EARTH.
In Body of Book, per page $5OO.OO
In Front of Book, per page \ 3OO.OO
In Back of Book, per pnge 2OO.OO
CONTRACTS FOR POSITION ZHOILD BE
MADE WITHOUT DELAY.
THE STANDARD GUIDE COMPANY,
358 DEARBORN ST.. CHICAGO, U. S, A,
ANDREWS' "GEM "FOLDING BED.
THE ONLY BED MADE WITH
Special Provision for
Ventilation,
Cleaning and
Easy Moving.
No Bugs
No Dirt.
No Breakage.
Elegant Designs.
Moderate Prices,
Occupies Small Space.
OPKN FOB DUSTING. NO. 1.
ADTANTAGES OYER ANT AND A*1,L
OTHERS.
1. Any lady or child can easily open it, as
represented in cut i, for cleaning.
2. Or they can take it apart for moving.
3. While its length when opened is
GREATER than any other bed, when closed
its HEIGHT is 8 inches less.
4. It is the BEST ventilated of all Folding
Beds.
5. It ffas in its base a very large box
extremely useful night or day.
6. It is fitted with our adjustable cable
spring, unequaled for comfort, simplicity
and durability.
We are Sole Manufacturers and Guar-
antee Satisfaction.
Made in Birch, Oak, Walnut or Mahog-
any. See samples and get our catalogue.
We also manufacture fine
Bank Fittings.
Commercial Furniture.
Office Desks.
Fine Brass and Wire Work.
School Furniture.
DESKS.
GLOBES.
CHARTS.
MAPS.
BI-ACK
BOARDS.-,. - ,
Etc., Etc.
Office Chairs, Desks, Etc.
Church Chairs
Largest Variety,
Plain or Upholstered.
$5O,OOO.OO worth like cut
furnished
CHICAGO AUDITORIUM.
Pulpits, Pulpit Chairs, Ac.
A. H.Andrews & Co.
215WabashAve., Chicago.
WEAK, NERVOUS, OR IN PAIN
From some long-standing ailment, or fed that your constitution, (nervous system) is fail-
ing, or that some i IHiction has taken, or is taking, permanent bold of you, which you
have been, and are still, unable to throw off or control, whether in the first or last stage
REMEMBER THAT DR. GREGG'S ELECTRIC HKLT AND APPLIANCES AND SYS-
TEM OF HOME TREATMENT WILL CI7KE YOU.
No meUical or other mode of Electric Treatment <-an 8t all compare with them.
Thousands ot women who suffered for y ars with complaints pei-uliar to sex, have been
completely and permanently restored to h alth. No fewer men have also been cured.
Electric Treatment (or diseases sugg- sted, properly applied, is perfect and has no good
substitute. The Gregg Electric Belt and appliances are the only ones in existence that
supply a perfect mode of application.
The Gregg E ectrir. Koot Warmer, price $1.00, keeps the feet warm and dry and is the
only ge nine Electric Insole.
1'eople who have paid their money ami been cured can tell you what lias been done for
them in a way that will convince you. Complete catalogue of testimonials, pric -s, etc.,
6c. Circular free. Address -THE GUEGG ELliCTUlC CUKE CO., Suite iOl Inter
Ocean Bldg., Chicago, 111.
J. A. & S. G. HAIR,
REAL ESTATE AND LOAN
BROKERS.
REAL ESTATE INVESTMENTS, CARE AND MANAGEMENT OF
PROPERTY. 99 YEAR LEASES NEGOTIATED.
WEST SIDE, SOUTH SIDE AND CENTRAL BUSI-
NESS PROPERTY A SPECIALTY.
Room 408, Chamber of Commerce, S. E. Cor. La Salle and Washington Sts.
LIGHT GRAY IRON CASTINGS,
For all Purposes Manufactured by
KURTZ BROS. & BUHRER,
832, 834, 836, 838 and 84O Austin Avenue, CHICAGO.
JAPANNING,
GALVANIZING,
LIGHT MACHINE WORK
and METAL PATTERNS
Mtf
I .."' '
' U ,"' >*'
\\ .in ' - J -'.x"^~- ,-
ESTABLISHED IN 1869.
TO ORDER.
To reach Factory, take C. & N.
W. 11. R., C. M. & St P. R. R , C.
P. & St. L. R. R., Lake Street
Elevated R. R., or Lake, Randolph
and Indiana Street Cars, to Oakley
Avenue.
THE :REU6: HOUSE,
900 flortty