M BIRD'S-EYE WIEW OF CHICAGO O3sn_,"!r BE BY READING REGULARLY YOU CANNC' 1 ' ccn Tun "^ DI c CAID SUCCESSFUl UNIVERSITY OF ILLINOIS WHAT 1 O L LIBRARY Y U P Class Book Volume YOU CANNC BEST ADVAF 1 OC\^UI\C rt 01 1 Urt 1 UNLESS YOU CONSULT THE "WANTS" OF THOSE WHO ADVERTISE. YOU CANNOT BE IN THE SWIM UNLESS YOU READ THE CHICAGO TRIBUNE. AN INVITATION FROM THE CHICAGO HERALD AND RESIDENTS ARE INVARIABLY INTERESTED IN SEEING JUST HOW A GREAT NEWSPAPER is MADE, AND EVERY FACILITY IS CORDIALLY GIVEN THEM BY THE "HERALD." . . . ... FOR DESCRIPTION OF THIS, THE MODEL NEWSPAPER BUILDING OF THE WORLD, SEE PAGE 423. . . . ARE WELCOME AT ANY HOUR OF ANY DAY OR NIGHT, AND AS WTQ1 POP^ THERE IS NEITHER LOCK NOR V IwJJ 1 V/1\O KEY TQ JHE BUILDING, IT NEVER CAN BE CLOSED. . . FOR QARpFULLY EXECUTED HALF-TONE PICTURES OF TH' f HERALD" BUILDING, SEE INDEX TO ILLUS- TRATIONS, THIS VOLUME. THE VISITORS' GALLERY OVERLOOKS THE TEN GREAT PRESSES ON WHICH IS PRINTED THAT GREATEST OF TWO-CENT MET- ROPOLITAN NEWSPAPERS, THE CHICAGO HERALD. TRAIHS IH AMERICA, BAL TIM ORE & OHIO RAILROAD JVew York, Philadelphia, Baltimore and All Trains Vestibuled from End to End, and protected by Pullman's Anti-Telescoping Appliance, including Baggage Cars, Day Coaches, Parlor Cars and Sleepers. ALL CARS HEATED BY STEAM AND LIGHTED BY PINTSCH CAS. THE BALTIMORE AND OHIO RAILROAD Maintains a Complete Service of Vestibuled Express Trains between New York, Cincinnati, St. Louis & Chicago, EQUIPPED WITH PULLMAN PALACE SLEEPING CARS Running Through Without Change. ALL B. & 0. TRAINS BETWEEN THE EAST AND WEST RUN VIA WASHINGTON. \\V t^**"' PRINCIPAL OFFICES : 5 211 Washington Street, Boston, Mass. Cor. Wood St. and Fifth Ave., Pittsburgh, Pa. 415 Broadway, New York. Corner 4th and Vine Streets, Cincinnati, O. Cor. 9th and Chestnut Sts., PhilndPlphia, Pa Cor. BaltimoreandCalvertfits.. Baltimore, Md. 1351 Pennsylvania Arenue, Washington, D, C. T. ODELL, GENERAL MANAGER. CHAS irk Street, Chicago, 111. 105 Broadway, St. Louis, Mo. O. SCULL, GENERAL PASSENGER AGENT. BALTIMORE, ii For New York, Boston, Mass. Albany, N. Y. Buffalo, N. Y. Jamestown, N.Y. Chautauqua Lake, N. Y. Columbus, 0, and all other points on the Erie Lines. ERIE LINES. Chicago to the East. Solid Vestibule Trains between CHICAGO AND NEW YORK, With Pullman Sleeping, Dining and Day Coaches. Pullman Buffet Sleeping Cars to Boston, and Pullman Sleeping Cars to Ashland, Ky., via Columbus, O., EVERY DAY IN THE YEAR. No Change of Cars on any Class of Tickets to New York. For further information, call on or address A. M. WARRELL, City Pass, and Ticket Agt., 242 Clark St., Chicago. D. I. ROBERTS, Gen'l Pass. Agt., New York, iii F. W. BUSKIRK, Ass't General Passenger Agent, Chicago. A. M. TUCKER, Gen'l Manager, Cleveland, O. NEW ROUTE NEW TRAIN ELEGANT EQUIPMENT VIA THE CENTRAL 1. C. ^^^^ R.R. ROUTE. SOLID TRAIN (ESTABLISHED 1830.) NORTHERN Assurance Company, ABERDEEN. LONDON. United States Department Offices: BOSTON, CHICAQO, CINCINNATI, NEW YORK, SAN FRANCISCO. Losses paid since organization, - $35,000,000 Losses paid in United States, - 6,890,000 Northwestern Department : \VM. 3D. CROOKK, Manager, 226 La Salle Street, CHICAGO. Colorado, Dakotas, Illinois, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan. Minnesota, Missouri, Montana, Nebraska, New Mexico, Wisconsin', Wyoming. CHICAGO OFFICE: 153 LA SALLE STRKKT. TELEPHONE 1520, CHARLES NELSON BISHOP, City Manager. MARSHALLfiaD&G). STATE AND WASHINGTON STREETS, CHICAGO. Probably of more importance to ladies than any point of inter est in Chicago, is the retail house of MARSHALL FIELD & Co. Ratec as it is among the largest in the world, it is by far the most com- plete and most handsomely equipped in Chicago, and a shopping headquarters for the larger portion of its residents. To stranger! a most cordial welcome is extended. Waiting Rooms, Chech Rooms, Retiring Rooms, and all possible conveniences are offered tc those who care to enjoy them. To patrons it has to recommend r Large Stock of Dry Goods, etc. Low (the lowest) Prices, and Absolute Trustworthiness. vi \ WISCONSIN! 'CENTRAL LJNE_S' NORTHERN PACIFIC R.VILRCAO CO. S- LESSEE -X RUN Fast Trains with Pullman Vestibuled Drawing Room Sleepers. Dining Cars and Coaches of latest design, between Chicago and Milwaukee and St. Paul and Minneapolis. Fast Trains with Pullman Vestibuled Drawing Room Sleepers, Dining Cars and Coaches of latest design, between Chicago and Milwaukee and Ashland and Duluth. Through Pullman Vestibuled Drawing Room and Tourist Sleepers via the Northern Pacific Railroad between Chicago and Portland, Ore. and Tacoma, Wash. Convenient Trains to and from East- ern, Western, Northern and Central Wis- consin points, affording unequalled service to and from Waukesha, Fond du Lac, Oshkosh, Neenah, Menasha, Chip- pewa Falls, Eau Claire, Hurley, Wis., and Ironwood and Bessemer, Mich. For tickets, sleeping car reservations," time tables and other information apply to Agents of the Line, or to Ticket Agents anywhere in the United States or Canada. 8. R. AINSLIE, Gen'l Manager, - - CHICAGO, ILL J. H. HANNAFORD, Gen'l Traffic Mgr., ST. I'ADL, MINN. H. C. BARLOW, Traffic Ipr., - - - CHICAGO, ILL, JA8. C. POND, Gen'l Paw'r i Tkt. Agt. , CHICAGO, ILL vil RICE & WHIT ACRE M'F'G CO., Kngines, Boilers, STEAM PUMPS, PULLEYS, SHAFTING, AND HANGERS, AND HOT WATER HEATING APPARATUS. 47 SOUTH CANAL STREET, CHICAGO. ESTABLISHED 1857. J. B. CHAMBERS * CO., CLARK AND MADISON STS. IMPORTERS. DIAMONDS, RUBIES, SAPPHIRES, PEARLS, EMERALDS, ETC., LOOSE, SET AND MOUNTED TO ORDER. ^,25I^j5LTCHiE*S- AMERICAN AND FOREIGN. STERLING SILVER SOUVENIR SPOONS. GOLD AND SILVER. DONOHUE & HENNEBERRY PUBLISHERS, PRINTERS find BINDERS. 4O7 TO General Offices, ... Printing- Department, Bindery, ----- School Stationery and Supplies, Publishing and Wholesale Books, Subscription Books - STR&&T. 6th Floor. Gtli and Basement. 5th, 7th and Sth Floors. - 4th Floor. 3rd Floor. - 2nd Floor. OUR FACILITIES ARE EQUAL TO ANY EMERGENCY. ESTIMATES CHEERFULLY FURNISHED ON APPLICATION. 55 U 2 H H S . I 5 U H J 3 o7 "S l ~ l eo I** sMI S => u S S tn H e c o -S o S .CHICAGO THE MARVELOUS CITY OF THE WEST A HISTORY, AN ENCYCLOPEDIA AND A 6U1D SEOOlsTID ILLUSTRATED 1S33 WRITTEN AND COMPILED BY j. \ot in the Arabian Nights' Entertainments, though bathed in all the glorious colorings of Oriental fancy, is there a tale which surpasses in wonder the plain, unvarnished history of Chicago." NATIONAL BOOK AND PICTURE CO. 167 AND 169 FIFTH AVENUK CHICAGO Entered according to act of Congress, BY THE STANDARD GUIDE CO. (Joes J. FLINN, President; W. S. SHEPPARD, Secretary and Treasurer.) in the Office of the Librarian of Congress, at Washington, D. C. All Rights of Translation Reserved. J. W. rf.1-.OR, PHOTO&BAPHE N > TO THE CHILDREN OF CHICAGO IN GENERAL, AND TO MY OWN LITTLE CHILDREN X\ IN PARTICULAR, WHO, IF THE LORD SPARES THEM UNTIL THEY SHALL HAVE ATTAINED C< THE ALLOTTED SPAN OF LIFE, WILL SEE THIS CITY THE GREATEST METROPOLIS ON THE GLOBE, THIS VOLUME IS AFFECTIONATELY DEDICATED BY THE COMPILER. THIS BOOK IS DIVIDED ^NTO T^IVB FVA.RTS. PART I. CHICAGO AS IT WAS. PART IT. CHICAGO AS IT IS. PART III. THE ENCYCLOPEDIA. PART IV. THE WORLD'S COLOMBIAN EXPOSITION. PART V. THE GUIDE. LITHOGRAPHING IN ALL ITS BRANCHES. FIRST-CLASS WORK. NO FANCY PRICES. GIVE US A TRIAL. LITHOGRAPHERS N. w. COR, DEARBORN & HARRISON STS. W. B. ORCUTT, GEN-U MGR. CHICAGO. BELDEN F. CULVER, O^T COl^Tls^ISSIOiT IltT REAL ESTATE. PROPERTY Of NON-RESIDENTS TAKEN CHARGE OF AND THEIR INTER- ESTS PROTECTED. CAREFUL ATTENTION GIVEN TO THE PAYMENT OF TAXCS AND SPECIAL ASSESSMENTS' 59 DEARBORN ST., CHICAGO, ANDREW DUNNING, 92 La Salle Street, CHICAGO. ACRE TRACTS in the Northwest Sections of Chicago for Subdivision and Investment eft purposes. V * IMPROVED PROPERTY paying fixed income on gold basis. CORRESPONDENCE SOLICITED. MAPS AND ILLUSTRATIONS. MAPS. Showing the City of Chicago as It Is Streets, Boulevards, Park System, Location of World's Columbian Exposition, Important Points, Industrial Centers, Annexed Suburbs, Outlying Territory, Etc. [Contained in "Pocket" of back cover.] Showing Chicago Sanitary Drainage District P%ge Showing Burned District of Chicago, After Great Fire of October, 1871 Page Showing Relative Position of Chicago with Regard to Other Principal Cities of the World, facing - Page 108 400 309 ILLUSTRATIONS. Facing Pago. Andrews, A. H. & Co., Sales Rooms. . . .'48 Areiid's Drug Store 231 Auburn Park Suburb, View in 27V Auditorium, The 21 Berwyn, Railway Station at ... 136 Carpenter, Geo. B. & Co., Building. ... 72 Chicago has arisen Solace in Tribu- lation. Frontispice Chicago Opera House, Entrance to. .. 805 Chicago Water Pumping Stations. . . . 484 Dai y News,The Chicago, Composition and Press Rooms 400 Dale & Sempill's, Interior View 157 Douglas Monument 497 Drexel Fountain, Washington Park.. 4."itl Eggleston Suburb, View in 2M Ely. The Edward C-)., Interior 641 Germania Theater Building . . . 121 Goodrich Line .Steamer "Virginia". . 441 Gormuliy & Jeffery Mfg. Co.'s Works. 208 Grand Central Passenger Station 469 Grand Opera House, interior View. .. 3(14 Grant Locomotive Works 104 Grant Statue, Lincoln Park 29 Herald Building 228 Herald Building, Interior 236 Hooley's Theater, Interior 149 Indian Group, Lincoln Park 57 Inter-Ocean Building 144 Journal and Stock Exchange B'ld'gs.. 433 Keeley Institute, Business Office, Inte- rior 528 Keeley Institute, Laboratory & Office Building 177 Keeley Institute, Laboratory Waiting Room . . 241 Keeley Institute, Taking the Treat- ment 328 Keeley Institute, Waiting for the Train 405 KimballHall 505 Kimball, W. W. Co., Works of 533 Kimbark, S. D. & Co.'s Building 313 Facing Pajre. La Sal le Statue 85 Libby Prison Museum 285 Marshall Field & Co.'s Retail House. . . 272 Masonic Temple 113 McCormick Harvesting Machine Co.'s Works 336 Me Vicker's Theater, Interior 06 Michigan Avenue Block, A 377 Milwaukee A venue State BankB'ld'g. 520 New York Mutual Life Ins. Co., Chi- cago Office, Interior 4*3 Prairie Avenue, View on 464 Pullman, Administration Building at. 264 Pullman Building 100 Pullman, Boulevard in 4l2 Pullman, Corliss Engine House and Water Tower at 172 Pullman, Presbyterian Church at 569 Relic House, near Lincoln Park 213 Richardson, M. A . & Co 5.iO Ritchie, W. C. & Co.'s Building 892 Roseland Suburb, Bird's-eye View of.. 428 Sawyer - Goodman Co.'s Receiving Docks 249 Scandia Hall 4^7 Siegel Cooper & Co.'s Establishment. . 420 Skandinaven Building 300 Smyth, The John M. Building 349 State Street, Looking North from Madison 584 St. Joseph's Hospital 341 St. Vincent's Infant Asylum 80 Temple, The lf"> Tribune Building 44 Union National Bank, Interior 108 Union Stock Yards, The Exchange.... 292 Wellington Hotel 93 Wells-Fargo Express Office, Interior. 49 World's Columbian Exposition, Administration Building 356 World's Columbian Exposition,Bird's- eye View 17 ADVERTISERS IN THIS BOOK. (For Buyers' Guide Directory, see Adveitising Pages II, III, IV and V, back of book.) FRONT OF BOOK. PAGE Baltimore & Ohio Railroad ii Chambers, J. B. & Co viii Culver,B. F. R'l Est ,opplnd Book Div. Dunning, A. (>i>|>. I n:l. to Maps and III. Duiming,And'w,R'l Est.In.Opp.Gen Ind Erie Lines iii Field, Marshall & Co vi Herald, The Chicago i Illinois Central Railroad iv Northern Assurance Company v Orcutt Co. The. tith opp. this page. Prabody, Houghtelling & Co. Inv., f. p. Rice & whittacre Manufacturing Co. ..viii Tribune, The Chicago. Ins. front cover Wisconsin Central Lines, The vi BACK OF BOOK. PAGE American Trust & Savings Bank, The ii Andrews, A. H. & Co., F. Beds (card) . . iii Andrews, A H. & Co xxix ' Andrews, Johnson & Co., Venti'ators * Art Institute. Art Galleries and Schools. . .ii Artingstall, Samuel G., Civil Engineer. ..iii Athenaeum, Chi., "The People's College," Inside of back cover Bank of Commerce ii Bent, George B Inside of back cover Bogue & Co., Real Estate Agency x Brentdho'a, Publishers, Booksellers, etc..iy Carpenter, G. B. & Co., Blocks & Pulleys.. ii Carpenter, Geo. B. & Co., Ship-Ch'd's etc.iv Carpenter, Geo. B. & Co., Twines & Cord. . y Chicago Cost. & Decorating Co., Cost's.. iii C., M.&St. P. Railway xv Chicago Rawhide Mfg. Co., The il Christy & Co., Engravers, etc v Christian Science Pub. Co., Pub iy Clarke, B. F., Morgan Park Property., .xxi Colliau, Victor, Hot Blast Cupola, Dct.xx.i Columbia Rubber Works Co., The It. G...iy Columbian National Bank ii Commercial National Bank ii Continental National Bank ..ii Dale & t'empill. Chemists & Phar xxii Dayton, Poole & Brown, Patent 'A tt'ys. . .iy Dibblee, The Henry Co., Ceramics xxxiii Diinl'i'i', J. Co., Wood Carpets, etc y Dunlap, 11. & Co., Hats, Caps and Furs. . .iii Economist, FiiiHii. and Com. Weekly Rev..i Edwards, H. J. & Son, Carriages iii Eggk'Mon, Mallette & Brownell, R. ES..XXVJ Electric Merch'ise Co., Elec. R. Supplies. .iii Everingham, L. & Co., Grain Com iji First National Bank of Chicago ii Fletcher, D. H., Patent Lawyer iy Forsyth, Jacob, Whiting, Ind. (Map)...xvii Forsyth, Jacob, Whiting, Ind xv 'j! Fowler's Expert Opticians vii Garrison M., Wood Turnings v Giles Bros. & Co . , Jewelers iy Goodrich Trans. Co., ''Goodrich Line"..vi Gormully & Jeffery Mfg. Co vi Greenebaum Sons, Bankers xxv HACK OF BOOK. Cont. PAGE. G regg Electric Cure Co xxx Guarantee Co. of North America iii Gust Knecht Mfg. Co., Barbers' Supplies, .ii fiutta Pereha Rubber Mfg. Co iv Hair, J. A. &S.G., Real Est. and Loans..xxx Hallowell C. H. & Co., Sign Painters iv Hanson, C. H., Stencil and Stamp Goods. . . v Harris, N. W. & Co., Bankers ii Heuer, Aug. & Sons, Upholstery Goods. . . \ Hibernian Banking Association ii Hills, Edwin E., Mineral Waters iv Illinois Terra Cotta Lumber Co i i Jennings Trust Company, The ii Kirstner & Co., Chus., Arch, and Eng..xxxii Koiii, Kdson & i o.. Wholesale Milliners. ..x Kemper, Alfred C.. Steam Pipe Covering, v Kiniball, Geo. F., Plate Glass iv Knapp \- Stolkird, Wholesale Furniture. . .v Kurt/. BCOS.& BuhrerLt Gr.Ir'n Cast \sxxxi Lyons, .las. I., Art. Limbs ii Magee Fu rn . Co . Furnaces and Ranges. . . iii Maxwell. S. A. & Co., Wall Paper v Merrick Thread Co. Spool Cotton Mfrs .v Mil.Ave.State Bk.& Safe Dcp't Vaults xxiv Moore, E. IJ. &('.>., Wood ( 'arpets, etc . . . . v Murray & Co., Tents, Awnings, etc v Murray & Co., Signs of all Descriptions . .iv Murray & Co., Awnings, Tents, etc ii Mutual Life lng.Co.of N.Y.,Ill.Gen. Agcy.ix N.-W. Line, The C. & N.-W. Ry.Co xiv Peabody, Houghtelling & Co., Inv. (card)iii Peacock, C. D., Jeweler iii Peacock, E. P., Metal Articles . iv Phenix Lumber Co., Milwaukee, Wis..xxx Pjoneer Buggy Co., Columbus, O xx vii Plankinton House, Mil., A. L. Chase, M.xix Post, The Chicago Evening xii Pratt & Ely, Real Estate Agents j i Relic House, The Rtlics of the G. F. . . xx xi Rice & Whitacre Mfg. Co., Boilers (card) . ji l(ire\- Whittacre Mfg. Co., Engines (card). iii Ritchie, W. C. & Co , Paper Boxes viii Sawyer, Goodman Co., Lumber Mfg xiii Sharp & SThith, Surgical Instruments ...v Shurly Co., The Watchmakers & Jewelers, v Smit i Granite Co., The Monuments iy Standard Guide to Chicago, The xxviii Stevens & Co., Old Coins \- Post. Stamps., .iy Sweet, Wallach & Co., Photo. Goods vii Street R. R.& Co., Dyestuffs iii Tate, C. L., Artificial Limbs ii Tliavcr& Jackson, Stationery Co v Tiffany Press Co., Pressed Br : ck iv Trine, Dr. J. G., Movement Cure Inst ...iy Union Electric Works, Electric App iii Union National Bank ...... xxiii Union National Back of Chicago, (card)...ii Watson, George E., & Co., Artists' Sup ii Watson, Little & Co., Coal iii Wolf& IVriolat Fur Co., Furriers ...... iii Wood Bros., Com. Mer. U S. Yards xxi Wyckoff, sw-jmans & Benedict x vi Peabody, Houghteling & Co. No. 59 DEARBORN STREET, CHICAGO. Loans *P Investments on Real Estate Security exclusively. INVESTMENTS. CHICAGO CITY MORTGAGES FOR SALE. For the convenience of investors we carry from $200,000 to $500,000 of choice mortgages at all times. These loans are made by us after careful investigation of the titles, the value of the securities offered and responsibility of borrowers. In transacting a business of over $70,000,000, no title approved by us has evei been successfully attacked. IN ANY AMOUNT. These loans vary in amount from $500 to $50,000, and bear from 5 per cent, to 7 per cent, interest, payable semi-annually at our office or at such place as investor may elect. The standard rate on ordinary amounts, say $3,000 to $10,000, being 6 per cent.; smaller loans, G% per cent, and 7 per cent.; large loans, on excep- tionally strong security, 5 per cent, and 5J^ per cent. AT PAR AND ACCRUED INTEREST. These securities are 'ready for delivery, and are on sale at par and accrued interest. No commission is charged the buyer, the income named being net. INVESTORS' INTERESTS CARED FOR WITHOUT CHARGE. We collect all interest and remit to any part of the country free of charge. We see that all insurance policies pledged as collateral security are renewed at expiration, and that the investor is protected in case of failure on the part of the borrower to pay taxes. In other words, we act as financial agents for the investor without charge. Parties buying mortgages securing building loans, where the buildings are not fully completed, are guaranteed completion free of mechanic's liens. PRINCIPAL AND INTEREST PAYABLE IN GOLD. Real Estate Investments Sviite 23, 92 La ,Salle Street CHICAOO. IF you desire acre property in Chicago and vicinity for SUB-DIVISIONS, MANUFACTURING SITES OR INVESTMENT purposes, where prices have not been "boomed," where the land lies from 25 to 100 feet above the lake, and pos- sesses natural beauties unequaled elsewhere around Chicago, and where improvements n<3t already made are being pushed in every direction, send for list of acres in NORTHWEST sections, controlled EXCLUSIVELY by me. If you prefer improved property paying fixed income on gold basis for long term of years, write me for informa- tion. Correspondence Solicited. No Trouble to Answer Letters. GENERAL INDEX. AMUSEMENTS. Alhambra Theater 116 Auditorium Theater 117 Battle of Gettysburg- Panorama 120 Casino 123 Central Music Hall 120 Character of Chicago .Theaters 116 Chicago Opera House. ..121 Chicago Theaters 116 Chiekering Music Hall. .123 Columbia Theater 122 Concert Halls, Circuses, etc . 128 Criterian Theater 122 Epstean's New Dime Mu- seum 122 Freiburg's Opera House.122 German Theater 123 Grand Opera House 123 Halsted Street Op. Hse . . 124 Havlin's Theater 124 Haymarket Theater . . .124 H. R. Jacob's Clark Street Theater 126 H. R. Jacob's Academy. 125 Hooley 's Theater r>5 Kohl & Middleton's Mu- seums 128 Libby Prison Museum.. 126 Lyceum Theater 126 Madison Street Theater. 126 Me Vicker's Theater 1 27 New Windsor Theater.. 127 Park Theater 127 People's Theater 127 Standard Theater 126 Theater Buildings 116 Theatrical Architecture.116 Timmerman Opera Hse. 127 Waverly Theater 128 ARCHITECTURE. Character of Buildings .128 Cost of Steel Building . 131 Inspection of Steel 132 Magnificent Buildings. . . 128 Method of Construction. 129 Notable Examples 130 Office Buildings 129 Steel Construction 130 Testing Steel Columns.. 132 ART. Art Collections 136 Art Institute 133 Art Institute Building. .134 Artists in Chicago 132 Art Museum 133 Art School 136 Art School,Admission to 137 ART Continued. Art School Classes 136 Art School, Terms 137 Permanent Art Bldg ... 133 Popularity of Art Inst. .135 Society of Artists 137 Union League Art Asso- ciation 138 AUDITORIUM BUILDING. Cost of Construction 138 Cost with ground 138 Dimensions 138 Directory and Officers. .139 Enclosures 139 Entrances 139 History 139 Investments 140 Lobby 140 Location of 141 Recital Hall 141 The Auditorium 141 Views of and from 141 BANKING INSTITUT'S-NAT America 148 American Exchange 143 Atlas M43 Chemical 143 Chicago 143 Columbia 144 Commercial 144 Continental 144 Drover's 145 First 145 First of Englewood 146 Fort Dearborn 146 Globe 146 Hide and Leather 146 Home 147 Illinois 148 Lincoln 147 Live Stock 148 Merchants 147 Metropoltian 147 Northwestern 149 Oakland 149 Prairie State 149 Republic 149 Union 160 BANKING INSTITUTIONS STATE AND PRIVATE. Adolph Loeb & Bro 150 American Trust and Sa- vings IfiO Avenue Savings 150 Bank of Commerce 151 Bank of Montreal 151 Cahn & Strauss 151 Central Trust & Savings . 151 Charles Henrotin 151 BANKING INSTIT'NS-Con. Chicago Trust & Sav- ings 151 Corn Exchange 151 Dime Savings 152 E. S. Dreyer & Co 152 Farmers' Trust Co 152 Foreman Bros 152 Globe Savings 152 Greenebaum Sons 152 Guarantee Co. of N. A. .162 Hibernian Bank'g Asso- ciation 153 Illinois Trust and Sav- ings 153 Industrial Bank 153 Internationale 154 Meadowcroft Bros 154 Merchants' Loan and Trust 154 Milwaukee Ave. State. ..164 Northern Trust 155 Peabody, Houghtelling &Co 155 Peterson & Bay 156 Prairie State Savings 156 Pullman Loan and Sav- ings 156 Slaughter, A. 0.&Co.:..16a Schaffner & Co 157 Security Loan and Sav- ings 157 State, of Chicago 157 Union Trust Company. 157 Western Trust and Sav- ings 157 CEMETEKIE8. Anshe Maariv 158 Austro-Hungarian 158 Beth Hamedrash 158 B'nai Abraham 168 B'nai Slalom 158 Calvary 158 Chebra Gemilath 158 Chebra Kadisha 153 Concordia 168 Congregation of N. S .... 158 Forest Home 158 Free Sons of Israel 159 German Lutheran 159 Graceland 159 Hebrew Benevolent If Moses Montefiore 160 Mount Greenwood 160 Mount Hope 160 Mount Olive 160 Mount Oiivet 160 Oakwoods 160 Ohavey Scholom 160 Rosehill 160 Saint Boniface 161 11 GENERAL INDEX. CEMETERIES-Contlnued. Binai Congregation 161 Waldheim 161 Zion Congregation 161 CHARITIES. Am. Edu. Aid Asso 166 Armour Mission 167 Asylums and Homes 161 Bureau of Justice 168 Chari table Societies ... 165 Charities, Miscelianeous.165 Chicago, Free Kinder- garten Association... 171 Chicago Home for Crip- pled Children 173 Chicago Nursery and Half Orphan Asylum. 172 Chicago Orphan Asylum. 172 Chicago Policlinic 172 Chicago Belief and Aid Society. ... ,.. 173 Church Home for Aged Persons 173 Convalescents' Home. . . 173 Daily News Fresh Air Fund 169 Danish Lutheran's Or- phans' Home 174 Day Nurs's & Creches 163 Erring Woman's Ref'ge.174 Foundlings' Home 175 Free Dispensaries 163 Free Employment Bur- eaus 163 Free Nurses 163 Ger. Old Peoples Home. 179 Good Samaritan Socie- ties 179 Guardian Angel Orphan Asylum 1 79 Hebrew Charity Asso. . .179 Helping Hand, The 179 Holy Family Orphan Asylum 180 Home for incurables 180 Home for Self-Support- ing Women 181 Home for the Friendless.! 82 Home for the Jews 18i Home for Unemployed (iirls 182 Home for Working Women 183 Home of Industry 184 Home of Providence 185 Home of the Aged 186 Hospitals, Free & Pay . . 163 House of the Good Shep- herd 186 Hull House 186 Jewish Charitable Asso. 177 Lake Geneva Fresh Air Association 177 Margaret Etter Chreche.186 Masonic Orphans'Home.187 Miscellaneous Charities. 165 CHARITIES Continued. Missions. Charitable 165 Newsboys' & bootblacks' Home 187 Odd Fellows Orphans' Home 188 Old Peoples' Home 188 Pioneer Aid & Support Association IPO Recognized Charities... 161 School for Deaf & Dumb.lW) Servite Sisters Industrial Home for Girls 190 Soldiers' Home Fund. . . .190 St. Joseph's Asylum for Boys 191 St. Ji seph's Female Or- phan Asylum 191 St. Joseph's Home 191 St. Joseph's Providence Orphan Asylum 192 St. Paul's Home for Newsboys 193 Training Schools for Nurses 163 IJhlich Evangelical Or- phan Asylum 193 Waifs' Mission 193 Waifs' Mission, Training School 194 Young Ladies' Charity Circle 194 Young Men's Hebrew Charity Association.. 194 CHRISTIAN ORGANIZATIONS: Bible Institute 195 Central W. C. T. U. of Chicago 195 Chicago Bible Society. . .196 Christian Endeavor Soc.196 National W. C. T. U. Headquarters 197 Young Men's Christian Association 197 Young Men's Christian Asso. (Scandinavian) ..199 Young Woman's Christ- ian Association 199 CHURCHES. Baptist Churches 202 Baptist Missions 203 Christian Churches. . . . . .201 Churches in ante fire days 200 Churches, Miscellane- ous 209 Congrfgational Chs 201 Episcopal (Reformed) ...'.04 Episcopa 1 (Reformed Missionary) 20" Episcopal Churches .2U5 Episcopal Missions and Chapels 205 Evangelical Asso. of N. A. (German) 203 CHUHCHES-ContlnnwI. Evangelical Lut h e r a n (English Churches) ... 203 Evan. Lutheran (Dan )..203 Evan. Lutheran (Ger.). .203 Evan. Lutheran (Norw.)204 Evan. Lutheran (Sepa- ratists 204 Evan. Lutheran (Swed.).204 Evangelical (United) . . 204 Evan. Lutheran R e- f ormed 204 Free Methodist Chs .... 205 Independent Churches. .205 Jewish Synagogues SOS Location of leading Chs. 200 Methodist Episcopal Churches 206 Methodis t Episcopal (African) 208 Methodist Episcopal (Bohemian) 206 Methodist Episcopal (German) 206 Methodist Episcopal (Norwegian) 207 Methodist Episcopal (Swedish) 207 Popular Ministers and Preachers 201 Presbyterian Churches .207 Presbyter! an Church (United) 208 Presbyterian Missions.. 207 Roman Catholic Chs.. . . 208 Swedenb orgian(New Jerusalem) 209 Unitarian Churches 209 Universalist Churches.. 209 CITY GOVERNMENT. Aldermen, Salaries 66 CityCrk's Office, Salaries' 64 City Collector, Salary... 66 City Collector's Office. Salaries 64 City Fire Dept. (See Fire Dept.) 48 City Hall Minor Em- ployes, Salaries 64 Com.of Pub.Wks., Salary 66 Compt., Salary 6*5 Corp. Coun., Salary 66 Cost of City Gov. 1891 .. 53 Disbursem't of City, 1891 53 Eleemosynary Inst 47 Erring Woman's Refuge for Reform 47 Feed Officers, Salaries... 64 Fire Dept. .Salaries 64 Firemen's Pension Fund 47 General Information, (see "Municipal Infor- mation") 49 Gen. Sup. of Pol., Salary 66 Health Dept., Salaries . . 65 House of Good Shepherd 47 GENERAL INDEX 111 CITY GOYERNMENT-Cont'd. 111. Humane Society 47 Institutions, Partly Sup- ported by City 47 Law Dept., Salaries 65 Map Dept, Salaries. 65 Mnyor, Salary 6 Mayor's Assts., Salaries. 66 Police Court, Salaries. . . 65 Police Dept., Salaries .. 65 Pub.W'ks Deit.,Sal'ries 66 Police Pension Fund 47 Pros. Atty, Salary 66 Revenue of City 1891 .... 53 Salaries of City Officers. 4 Sew. Dept. Salaries. ... 66 Spec. Ass. Dept. Salaries 60 Street Dept.. Salaries -..66 Supt.of City Tel.,Sala r y 60 Supt. of St. Dept., Salary 66 Tenement House and Factory Inspection . . . 54 Treasurer's Salary 6S Tel. Dept. Salaries 66 Washingtonian Home . . 47 CIT BAILWAY SERVICE. Cable Lines, Manage- ment of 210 Calumet Electriu Road. .216 Carette Lines 217 Character of Service 2 10 Chicago City Ry. Co. . .212 Chi. City Ry. Co., Busi- ness of 1891 212 Chi. City Ry.Co.Offlcers.212 Cicero& Proviso t-t RdCo 217 Equitable Trans. Co. . . 218 Increase in Traffic 211 Lake St. Elevated Rd...218 Mil. A v. Elevated Rd ..219 New Electric Road 219 N. Chicago St. Ry. Co. . .213 N. Chi. St. Rd.Co. Finan- cial Condition of. 213 N. Chi. St Rd Co.,Officers 213 Pay of Cable Employes .211 Randolph St.Elevat'dRd 219 So. End Electric Ry 219 So. Side Alley ' L" Hd. . .219 Steam Rd Service 211 Wab. Av. Sub-Ky Tr Co.220 W. Chicago St. Kd. Co.. 214 W. Chicago St Rd. Co.. Business of 1891. . 214 W. Chi. St. Rd Co., Madi- soii St. Line 214 W. Chi. St. Rd Co., Mil . Av. Line 215 W.Chi. St.RdCo.,Miscel210 W.Chi. St. Rd.Co., New Cars and Extensions. . .215 W. Chi. St. Rd. Co. , New Tun'l and Cable Serv..215 W.Chi.St.Rd.Co.,Officers210 W. Chi. St. Rd. Co., the Tunnel Loop 215 CLIMATE. Average Rainfall in Chicago 39 Excessive Rainfalls 40 Extremes of Heat and Cold 39 Highest Mean Tempera- ture 39 Lowest Mean Tempera- ture ... 39 Maximum Rainfall 39 Mean Annual Humidity, 39 Mean Annual Precipita- tion 39 Mean Annual Tempera- ture 39 Mean Temperature 1891, 39 U. S. Signal Office Re- ports 39 CLUBS ATHLETIC, SPOUT- ING, ETC. Athletic Club Houses . .220 Base Ball Clubs 2H Boat & Yacht Clubs . . . .221 Chicago Athletic Asso . . .222 Chicago Curling Club. 223 Chicago Fencing & Box- ing Club 224 Cricket Clubs 224 Cycling Clubs 224 Hand Ball Courts .V 225 Horse Associations 226 Hunting, Fishing & Gun Clubs 221 Indoor Base Ball Clubs.. 227 Tennis Clubs ...228 Union Athletic Club . . 228 Western Asso. of Base Ball Clubs 228 CLUBS-GENTLEMEN'S AND SOCIAL. Acacia Club 228 Areolus Club 228 Apollo Club 228 ArgoClub 228 Ashland Club 229 Bankers' Club 229 Bi-Chlorideof Gold Club of Chicago 229 Bi-Chloride of Gold Club ofDwight 229 Bi-Chloride of Gold Club of the World 230 Bon Ami Club of Wil- mette 230 Calumet Club 230 CarletonClub 231 Chicago Club 231 Chicago Electric Club.. 231 Chicago Women's Club. 231 Church Club 232 Clarendon Club 233 Commercial Club 233 CLUBS Continued. Conference Club of Evanston 233 Congregational Club. . . 2J3 Cosmopolitan Club of Evanston 233 Dearborn Club... 2*1 Dinner Clubs 233 Douglas Club 233 Douglas Park Club 234 Elks Club 234 Evanston Club. . 234 Evanston Country Club.234 Fellowship Club 235 Foreign Book Club 235 FortyCiub 23 1 ) Fortnightly Club 235 Germania Club 236 German Press Club ... 236 Girls' Mutual Benefit Club 236 Grant Club 236 Hamilton Club 237 Harvard Club 2.>7 Harvard University Clb.237 Hyde Park Club 237 Ideal Club 238 Idlewild Clb of Evanston238 Illinois Club 238 IndianaClub 238 Irish-American Club 239 IroquisClub 239 Irving Club 239 Ivanhoe Club of South Evanston 239 -John A. Logan Club. . .239 Kenwood Club 239 Lafayette Club 240 LaGrange Club 240 Lakeside Club 240 La SalleClub 240 Lincoln Club 240 Lotus Club 210 Marquotte Club 241 Minneola Club 241 MinnetteClub. 241 Nationalists' Club 241 Newsboys' Club 241 North Shore Club 241 Oakland Club 241 Oaks of Austin 24> Park Club 242 Phoenix Club 242 Practitioners' Club 242 Press Club of Chicago.. 242 Ryder Club 243 Seven O'clock Club 243 Sheridan Club 243 Single Tax Club 244 South Side Medical Club.244 Southern So. of Chieairo244 Standard Club 244 Stenographers' Club 24) Sunset Club 245 Union Club 245 Union League Club 246 University Club 246 IV GENERAL INDEX. CLUBS Continued. Union Veteran Club 246 Wah Nah Ton Club 247 COMMEBCE OF CHICAGO. Bank Business, Compar- ative . 30 Washington Park Club. 247 WebsterClub 247 Bank Clearances, Com- parative 30 Whttechapel Club 247 Woman's Sufferage Club248 Bank Clearances, 1886 to 1891 30 Woman's Club of Evan- ston 248 Bank Clearances for 1891 30 Woodlawn Park Club . . .248 Banks, Clearing in Chi- cago 30 CLUBS LITEBAUY. Barley, Receipts and Shipments of 32 Browning Clubs .. . 249 Business of Chicago 1891 40 Chicago Library Club. . .249 Chicago Literary Club. .249 Cl'b Litterairie Francais.250 go from ia50 to 1891. . . 40 Board of Trade Busi- ness 1891. . . 32 111. Women's Press Ass'n.250 Longfellow Club 251 Board of Trade Corn- Palette Club 251 changes 31 Papyrus Club 251 Press League Club 251 Saracen Club 252 Board of Trade Ethics .31 Board of Trade Specula- tion 1891 39 Spanish Amer'can Club. 252 Tuesday Heading Club. .252 Board of Trade Trans- actions 31 Twentieth Century Cl'b. 253 Women's Reading Circle Boot and Shoe Trade 1891 55 of South Evanston 253 CLUBS STATE SOCIAL OB- Calves, Receipts of 1891. 35 Calves, Shipments for 1891 36 (JAM/ATIONS. Capacity of Grain Ele- vators 34 California Pioneers . . . .253 North Pacific Assoc 25,4 Ohio Society of Chicago. 25*4 Sons of Chicago 265 Capital of Chicago Bnks ;i| Cattle, Receipts of 1891 . . 35 Cattle, Shipinentsof 1891 36 Sons of Connecticut 255 ClothingTrade 1891 55 Sons of Delaware 255 Condition of State and Sons of Indiana 255 National Banks 31 Sons of Louisiana 255 Corn Exports to Canada 33 Sons of Maine 255 Sons of Massachusetts 256 Corn, Receipts and Ship- ments .. 33 Sons of Michigan 256 Crockery and Glass- Sons of New York ;'">(> ware Trade 1891 . . 55 Sons of Pennsylvania. . .256 Sons of Rhode Island .257 Deposits of Chicago Banks 31 Sons of Vermont 258 States Columbian Asso- Drug and Chemical Trade 55 ciation 258 Dry Goods and Carpet Trade 1891 55 COMMEBCIAL EXCHANGES. Export Trade of Chicago 1891 56 Board of Trade 259 Exports of Wheat and Board of Trade Bldg . . 259 Flour 32 Board of Trade Corn's. .259 Board of Trade, Finan- Flour, Receipts and Shipments of 33 cial Condition of 260 Board of Trade Ofticers..2&9 General Trade of Chica- go 1891 55 Builders' & Traders' Ex- change 260 Grain and Produce, Re- Chicago Amer. Horse 1890-91 .. ..35 Exchange 260 Chicago Real Estate Bd 260 Chicago Stock Ex 261 Grain Elevators, Own- ers of 34 Exchanges, Miscel 263 Fruit Buyers' Ass'n 261 Grain Exports to Canada 33 G rain, Inspected in 34 COMMEBCE-Contlnaed. Grain Inspection 34 G rain Inspected Out 34 Grain Storage Capacity. 34 G rocery Trade 1891 55 Hat and Cap Trade 1891. 55 Hogs and Cattle Slaugh- tered in 1890 35 Hogs and Cattle Slaugh- tered in 1891 35 Hogs, Receipts of 18.)!.. ;<."> Horses, Receipts of Ib91 85 Hogs, Shipments of 1891. 36 Horses, Shi pmentsof 1891 36 Import Trade 1891 50 Internal Reven u e R e- ceipts at Chicago 41 Iron and Steel Trade ... 57 Jobbing and Wholesale Business 55 Jobbing Business 55 Live Stock Receipts for 1890 .36 Live Stock Receipts 1891 35 Live f-tockShipments for 1S91 36 Live Stock Shipments of 1890 36 Live Stock Transactions 1891 &5 Lumber Trade 1891 55 Lumber Trade of Chgo.. 41 Manufa cturedlron Trade 1891 55 Manufacturers of Chgo <.M '<> "Mnfrsof Chicago) 57 Millinery Trade 1891 55 National Banks, C o n- ditionof 31 National Banks,Deposits 31 Oats, Exports to Canada 33 Output of Chicago Brewers 41 Produce, Receipts and Shipments, 1890-91. .. 37 Provision Storage Ware Houses 38 Railroad Live Stock Transactions 1891 37 Rye Exports to Canada. 33 Rye, Receipts and Ship- ments 38 Savings Banks, Deposits 31 Sheep, Receipts of 1891 .. 35 Sheep, Shipments of 1891 36 Speculation on Board of Trade 39 Speculative B u s i n ess, Board of Trade 39 State Banks, Deposits. . . 81 Storage Warehouses for Provisions 38 Surplus of Chgo. Banks. 31 Union Stock Yds. busi- ness of 1891 35 Undivided Profltsof Chicago Banks.-.- ... 31 GENERAL INDEX. COHMERCE-Contlnued. Volume of Business, Board of Trade 32 Volume of Chicago's Business 1891 40 Volume of Chicago's Business ia50 40 Warehouses for Grain . . 34 Wheat and Flour Ex- ports 32 Wheat Exports to Canada 33 Wholesale Business 55 COUNTY GOVERNMENT. Appropriations for 1892. 45 Board of Commissioners. 41 Clerk of Criminal Court, Expenses of ... .46 Comptroller's Office, Expenses of Cook County Jail 43 Coroner's Inquests 42 Cost of County Officers. . 44 County Agent's Office, Expenses of 46 County Appropriations 1892 45 County Attorney, Ex- penses of 46 County Board 42 County Board Salaries.. 46 County Commissioners, when elected 41 County Hospital, Expen- ses of 45 County Hospital Salaries 45 County Insane Asylum. 43 County Insane Asylum, Expenses of 43 County Insane Asylum, Location of 43 County Institutions at Dunning, Expenses of 46 County Jail, Situation of 43 County Physician, Ex- penses of 46 County Poor Farm... . 44 County Poor House, Location of . 44 County Supt of Schools, Expenses of 46 County Tax Levy, 1892. . 45 Dentetion Hosp.ital, Expenses of 46 Detention Hospital for the Insane 44 Expenses of Cook Co... 44 Expenses of Cook Co. in- Detail 1893 45 Hospital, Detention for Insane 44 Insane Asylum, Expen- sesof 46 Insane Asylum of Cook County 43 Jail, County, Location of 43 COUNTY GOY'T Continued. Jail, Interior of 43 Jail, Murderer's Row 44 Jail, The Anarchist Cells 43 Jail, Visitors to 43 Judiciary of Cook Co... 46 Normal School Salary List 40 Poor House, Expenses of 46 Poor House of Cook Co. 44 Power of Commissioners 41 Prosecuting Attorney, Expenses of 46 Receipts from Co. Offi- cers 1892, Estimated. . . 45 . Revenue of Cook Co 44 Salaries of Commission- ers 41 Salaries of County Em- ployees 45 Sheriff's Office, Expen- ses of 46 State's Attorney, Expen- ses of 46 Supt. of Public Service, Expenses of. 46 Supplies of Co. Institu- tions, Cost of 45 Taxable Valuation of Cook Co. Property... 46 DETECTIVE AGENCIES. Bonfield Detect. Ag'y.. .263 Bruce Detective Ag'y.. 263 Hartman Detect. A'y.2ti3 Mooney & Boland De- tective Agency 263 Pinkertqn's National Detective Agency . .263 Pinkerton's Protective Patrol ,.264 Thiel's Detect. Service.. 264 Union Detect. Assoc 264 Veteran's Police Patrol. 2C4 EDUCATIONAL INSTITU- TIONS. Allen's Academy 264 Amer. Brewing Acad ..295 Armour Mission Train- ing school 295 Baptist Missionary Training School 295 Chicago Athaneum 2G5 Chicago Kitchen Garden Assoc 266 Chicago Manual Training School 268 Chicago Theo logical Seminary 269 De La Salle Institute. . .272 Free Kindergartens 404 Glenwood Training Sch. for Boys 298 Hyde Park Auxiliary.. 300 Hyde Park Conserva- tory 272 EDUCATIONAL INST. Con'd. 111. Military Academy.. 272 Industrial Sch . for Girls 300 111. Sch. of Agriculture. 298 111. Training School tor Nurses 296 Jewish Training School. 297 Josephinum, The 272 Kenwood Institute 27 J Kenwood Physical Ob- servatory 409 Lake Forest University 273 Lewis Institute 271 McCormick Theological Seminary 274 Morgan Park Female Seminary 277 Morgan Park Theologi- cal Seminary 277 Northwestern Oratorical League 277 North west'n University .278 St. Ignatius College..' :>7 3 t. Xavier's Academy 288 University of Chicago.. 289 University School 292 Western Theological Seminary 293 Medical Educational In- stitutions 294 National Homeopathic College . ... 294 Reformatory Train i n g School ?298 St. Mary's Training Sch . for Boys 2!>9 Training Schools 295 EXPRESS COMPANIES. Adams Express 301 American Express 301 Baltimore & Ohio Ex- press 301 Brink's City Express. ...301 Location of Express Offices 301 Northern Pacific Ex- press 301 Pacific Express 301 United States Express.. 301 Wells, Fargo & Co.'s Express 300 FEDERAL REPRESENTAT'N. U. S. Circuit Judge 47 U. S. Commissioners 47 U. S. Courts in Chicago. . 47 U. S. District Judge 47 U. S. Government Offi- cers in Chicago 47 U.S. Marshall 47 U.S. Minor Officers 47 U. S. Sub-Treasurer 47 FIRE DEPARTMENT. Area covered by Depart- ment 48 VI GENERAL INDEX. HUE DEP'T Continued. City Telegraph and Electric Lights 48 Efficiency of 48 Equipment and force.. 48 Fire Alarms 1891 48 Fire Losses 1891 48 Headquarters and Or- ganization 48 Insurance Patrol 49 Location of Stations 49 Marshalis Benner & Swenie 48 Officers of Department. 48 Pension Fund 49 Standard of Discipline.. 48 GENERAL INFORMATION. Abstracts of Titles 394 Academies (see "Educa- tional Institutions"). . .264 Anarchist Monument. ..396 Anarchy in Chicago 396 Annexation 49 Annual FatStock Shows396 Amusem'ts (see "Amuse- ments") 116 Architecture (see "Ar- chitecture") 128 Area of Chicago 50 Area of Territory An- nexed 50 Art in Chicago (see "Art") 132 Ashland Block 396 Asylums and Homes (se3 "Charities") 161 Auditorium (see "Audi- torium Building") ...138 Auditorium Tower (see "Auditorium Bldg.")..397 Banks (see " Banking Institutions") 142 Boards of Trade (see "Com. Exchanges") . . .259 Bridewell 51 Bridges and Viaducts... 51 B'ld'g. Operations, since 1876 105 Buildings, 1891 L3 Cable Lines' (see " City Railway Service ").... 210 Calumet Lake, Area .... 52 Calumet River 52 Causes of Death 52 Cemeteries (see "Ceme- teries ") 157 Center of Chicago, Geo- graphical 51 Charitable Missions (see "Charities") 165 Charitable Societies (see "Charities") 165 Charities 161 Chicago as a R . R. Center478 Chicago Epitomized ... .397 GEN'L INFORHATION-t'on. Chicago River 5'J Christian Organizations 195 Churches (see Churches). 200 City Frontage on Lake Michigan 52 City Parks 78 City Railways (see City Railway Service) 210 Clubs, Athletic, Sport'g.22U Clubs, Gentlemen's and Social 2JS Clubs, Literary 248 Clubs, State Social Or- ganization 253 Colleges (see " Educa- tional Institutions) . . 264 Commercial Exchanges (see " Commercial Ex- changes") 259 Consulates 397 Columbus Building 397 Cook County Hospital (see "Hospitals and Dispensaries ") 342 Cook Comity Treasury Statement 398 Coroner's Inquests 1891 . 42 Coroner's Inquests, An- alysis of 42 Crib, The 398 Daily Papers (see "Newspapers ") 417 Daniel O'Connel Statue. 398 Day Nurseries and Chreches (see "Chari- ties) 163 Death Rate 52 Detective Agencies ( ee " Detective A g e n- cies ") 263 Diseases Prevalent 52 Dispensaries (see " Hos- pitals and dispensa- ries") 339 Distance of Chicago from other principal cities 399 Drainnge Canal (see "Ship and Drainage Canal") 107-112 Drake Fountain 404 Education (see Public Education") DO Educational Institutions see " Educational In- stitutions") 264 Elevated Railways (*ee "City R'y Service") . .210 Environs of Chicago (see "Outlying Chicago") .439 Estimated Cost of City Gov't for 1892 399 Exchanges, Commercial (see "Commercial Ex- changes 259 Express Companies 300 GEN'L INFORMATION-COB. Factory Inspection 54 Farragut Monument 402 Fire of 1871 399 Fire of 1874 4(1 Fire Relics 401 Foreign Coin, Value of in U. S. Money 403 Fort Dearborn 403 Free Dispensaries ( see "Charities") 163 Free Employment Bu- reaus (see "Charities")163 Free Hospitals (see "Charities") 163 Free Kindergartens 404 Frt e Nurses (see "Chari- ties") 163 Frontage of City on Riv- ers 52 Geographical Centre of Chicago 51 Goose Island 4t)4 Grain Elevators (see "Great Industries". .305 Grant Locomot-ive Wks. (see "Great Ind'st's") .306 Grant Statue, Galena . . .402 Grant Statue, Lincoln Park 405 Great Clocks of the City. 405 Great Buildings of 1891 .106 Great Buildings of Chi- cago (see Part V) 561 Great Industries of Chi- cago (see Great Ind's).302 Growth of Chicago in square miles 50 Guide to all Parts of (*ee Part V) 561 Hack and Cab Rates (see Part V) r6l Hay market Massacre . . .408 Haymarket Square 406 Health of City 61 Hell Gate Crossing .... 407 Hiisch Monument 407 Horse Car Lines (see City Railway Service) . . 210 Hospitals (see "H ospitals and Dispensaries") . . . 339 Hotels (see "Hotels")... 352 House of Correction . 51 Hyde Lake, Area 52 Illinois Internal Reve- nue Payments . . 407 Illinois Steel Co (see Great Industries") 3(8 Indebtedn's of Chicago. 408 Inebriate Asylums ... 361 Interstate Exposition. ..408 J. V. Farwell Co 40fe Keeley Institute o63 Kenwood Physical Ob- servatory 409 Kosciusko Monument.. 409 Labor Temple 409 GENERAL INDEX. Vll GEN'L INFORMATION-Con. Lake and Hivcr FrontVe "i2 Lakes and Rivers in Chicago 52 Lake Transportation ..53 heading Societies (see "Societies") 513 Lemont Stone Quarries (see "Great Industries")314 Length and Width of city 52 Libraries 380 Life Saving Stations. ...383 Light Houses 3X3 I ,ogan Statue 4C'J Longest Street in City.. 52 Market Squares 410 Marriage Licenses, 1891 . 52 Marriage Licenses,Anal- ysis of 52 Mayors of Chicago 410 Meat Markets 410 McCorraick Harv. Mach. Co. (see Great Indus.) . .315 Michigan Avenue 410 Mileage of Streets 5:5 Military (see "Military"):** Military Companies (see "Military" 384 Milk Supply of Chicago. 41 1 Monuments 411 Morgue 53 Nat'n'l Hanks (see Bank- ing Institutions) 142 Nationalities Represent- ed in Chicago 8? Natural Gas Supply. . ..5! New Patrol Wagon and Ambulance 412 Newspapers 417 New Water Tunnels 412 Ogden Statue 412 .tlying Chicago (see " Outlying Chicago ") .439 Police Department (see 1 "Police Department") 79 Population Statistics (see Population Statistics) 82 Post Office (see "Post- Office") s.- P< > verty in Chicago 53 Private Banks (se r > Bank Ins. State and Private"160 Public Library (see Pub- lic Library") 99 Public Parks ..... 67-78 Public School (see "Pub- lic Education 90 Pullman see"Pullman")318 Pullman Palace Car Co. see Great Industries).. 327 Railroads (see Railroads and where they lead to) 478 Railroads centering in Chicago 478 Railroad Entrances 51 Railway Passenger De- pots 478-513 GEX'fc INFORMATION-Con. Real Estate (see "Real Estate and Building"). 103 Recognized Charities ...161 Revenge Circular 412 Riot of '77 412 Rookery 413 Sanitary Condition of City 51 Schools (see "Public Ed- ucation") ... 90 S hakespeare Statue, Lincoln Park 413 Sheridan Road 413 Sheridan Statue 414 Ship Building(see "Great Industries ') 328 Sights of Chicago (see fart V) 561 Societies (see "Socities")513 State Bantes (see "Bank- ing Institutions, State and Private" ) 150 State Central Com 414 State Institutions (see "State Institutions") .526 State Militia (see "Mili- tary") 384 Strangers' G uide (see Part V) rei Street Car Linos (see "City Railw'yService")210 Stock Yards (see "Union Stock Yard"), 329 Suburbs Annexed 49 Suburbs of Chicago (sre "Outlying Chicago").. 439 Subterranean Theater.. 415 Surrounding Cities and Towns.. r 28 Telegraph Service 415 Telephones . . . .' 415 Tenement House Inpec- tion 54 Territory Annexed 49 Thirty-one Daily Trips (Sec Part V) 561 Thomas Orchestra 416 Topography of Chicago. 54 Towns around Chicago. 533 Tributary Cities and Towns (see" Tributary Cities and Towns") 528 Union Stock Yards (See "Great Industries").. 329 Uniting City and Co 55 Universities (see " Edu- cational Ins.") 2114 University of Illinois. . . .416 Urban Transit (see "City Rv. Service" 210 U. S. Appraisers' Bldg. 416 Viaducts 51 Vital Statistics 51 Von Linne Statue 410 Ward Area of Chicago.. 50 Water Transportation. 533 GES'L IHFORMATION-Con. Water Supply (see Water Works) 55 Waterworks (see " Water Works") . .112-115 Weekly Newspaper (see " NeVspapers ") 431 William Prince of Orange Statue 416 Wolf Lake, Area 53 World's Columbian Ex- position (see Part I V . . 537 World's Fair (see Part IV) 537 Terkes' Fountain 417 GREAT BUILDINGS OF CHI- CAGO. Adams Express Bldg... 581 Ashland Block 396 Auditorium 138 Board of Trade Bldg . . 2oli Bordon Block 582 Bro. Jonathan Bldg 576 Bryan Block 572 Buildings of 1891 106 Calumet Bldg 574 CaxtonBldg 580 Central Music Hall 585 Chamber of Com. Bldg. .570 Chemical Bk. Bldg 582 City Hal 52 Columbus Bldg 397 Commerce IHdg 5V6 Counselman Bldg 5'.6 Cook Co. Abstract Bid. .597 County Hospital 616 Court House 562 Dearborn Station 581 Donohue & Henneberry Building 581 Evening Journal B'ld'g.581 Evening Post Building.. 598 Fair, The 594 First National Rk. Bldg .581 German Theatre Bldg. .597 Grand Central Depot . .511 Great Northern Hotel 580 Haymarket Building. .614 Home Insurance Bldg. .574 Ins. Exchange Bldg '75 Inter Ocean Building. .582 John M. Smyth Bldg.. 613 Kent Building 572 Kimball Hall 601 Lafayette Building 569 Leiter Building 594 Madison Hall 614 Major Block 572 Manhattan Building .. 580 Marshall Field & Co., re- tail 587 Marshall Field's Whole- sale Building f89 Marine Building 569 Masonic Temple 583 Mercantile Building 571 Vlll GENERAL INDEX. GREAT BUILDI> T GS-Con. Merchants 1 Building-. ..570 Monadnock and Kear- sage Building 580 Monon Building 680 Opera House Block. (97 Otis Building 571 Palmer House 594 Pheonix Building 576 Pontiac Building ..580 Portland Block 582 Post Office 581 Kand McNally Build- ing 575 Reaper Block 59 Republic Life Building.. 57: Rookery Building . . .576 Royal Ins. Building 576 Security Building 599 StaatsZeitung Building.598 Stock Exchange Build'g.581 Stone Building 614 Tacoma Building 571 Temple Court Building.. 581 Temple, The 573 Times Building 598 Tremont House. 582 Tribune Building. 583 Union Building 570 Union Depot C12 Unity Building 582 I'. S. Appraisers' Build'g416 Wheeler Building 567 GREAT INDUSTRIES. Calumet Iron & steel Co.3U4 Columbia Steel Car Co. .305 Grain Elevators 305 Grain Elevators, De- seriptii in of 305 Grain Elevators, capac- ity of , etc 305 Grant Locomotive Wks.3i6 Grant Locomotive Wks. Importance of 307 Great Western Locomo- tive Works.. 307 Illinois Steel Company.. 308 Illinois Steel Co., capi- tal, etc 308 Ilinois Steel Company, Joliet Works 312 Illinois Steel Company, Milwaukee Works 311 Illinois Steel Company, N. Chicago Works 309 Illinois Steel Company, Product of 309 Illinois Steel Company, S.Chicago Works.. .. 310 Illinois Steel Company, Union works 311 John H. Bass Car Wheel Works 313 Joseph Klicka 313 Kearns & Orme 313 Kurz Bros. & Buhrer. . .314 GREAT INDUSTRIES Con. Lake Side Nail Co 314 GUIDE Continued. Twenty-first Day 609 Lemont Stone Quarries. 314 McCormick Harvesting Machine Co 315 Twenty-second Day 611 Twenty-third Day 614 McCormick Harvesting Twenty- fifth Day 616 Machine Co., Inspct. Twenty-sixth Day 616 McCormick Harvesting Twenty-seventh Day 617 Twenty eighth Day 618 Machine Co., Secrets of success 317 Twenty-ninth Day 619 McCormick Harvesting Tlrirty-tirftt Dai/ 620 Machine Co., The First Abend Post Office 598 Harvester 317 McCormick Harvesting Arend's Pharmacy . 598 Machine Co., Wide Spread Business of .. 317 Arend's Kumy ss 699 Armour & Co . 574 Norton Bros. Works. . . .318 Pullman (See "Pull- Armour, P. D., Charac- teristics of 574 Pullman, Industries of. 318 Pullman Palace Car Co. 327 Ashland Avenue' 615 Ashland Block, thsNew.597 Bee Hive 594 Pullman Palace Car Co., Business of 327 Berry, the Candy Man . .599 Pullman Palace Car Co., Black legs 695 Disbursements 328 Pullman Palace Car Co., Earnings and profits 328 Pullman Palace Car Co., Revenue . 328 Blue Island Avenue 610 Blue Island Ave. Dist. . 610 Boarding House Rates.. 562 Board of Trade District.576 Railroad Trans 304 Richards & Kelly Mfg. Co 328 Board of Trade Gallery. 576 Seed Market 328 Ship Building Yard. .. 328 Brentano's 602 Source of Iron Ore and Coal Supply 3C2 Broken Savings Banks . 597 Stock Yds. (See "Union Stock Yards ") 329 Brother Jonathan Bldg 576 Thompson & Taylor Bryan Block 573 Spice Company 329 Union Stock Yards (see Buck & Raynor's 502 "Union Stock Vds")..329 "Bunco Stcerers" 5!'5 Water Transportation.. 3t>3 W W Kimball Co 33 rcnth Day. 592 Chemical Bank Building 583 Tin Ifth Da ii 594 " Cheyenne " 577 Thirteenth Dmi 595 Fifteenth Day 599 Chicago Oyster House 599 Sirtfciith Day . 6 Cicero Electric Line. .. 614 St-renternth Day 602 City Clerk's Office 565 Eighteenth Day .. 6()4 City Collector's Office f.65 Nineteenth Day 606 C ty Hall 562 Twentieth Day 608 City Ha 11, Trip Through.53 GENERAL INDEX. IX GUIDE-Continned. College Place 607 Commerce Building 576 Comptroller's Office 565 Conlidenee Men 564 Corner Drug Stores 592 Coroner's Office 567 Cost of City Hall 563 Cost of Court House .... 563 Council Chamber 565 Counselman Building. . .576 County Clerk's Office. ...567 County Hospital and Sur- roundings 616 CountyKecorder's Office5G7 County Treasurer's Of- fice 568 Coupes 561 Xourt House 562 Courts and Court Rooms 568 Curry's News Stand 599 CycloramaBuildinys . .601 Daily News Office 598 Dale and Sempill's 596 Dale & Sempill's Popu- larity 596 Dearborn Avenue 618 Dearborn Station 581 Detective Offices 563 Donohue & Henneberry 581 Drexel Boulevard 608 Evening Journal Build- ing 581 Evening Post Building.. 598 Fair, The 59t Farwell Hall 599 Fashionable Retail Cen- ter 593 " Fences " for Thieves. .578 Fidelity Bank Building. 597 Fire Alarm Officers. .. 564 First National Bank Building 581 Fish, Joseph & Co 593 FiskD. B. &Co 603 Franklin McVeagh & Co 603 Freie Presse Office 598 French Consul 569 French, Potter & Wil- son 603 Gamblers and Sports... 595 Gambling District 595 German Theater Build- ing . ;.. .579 Globe Office 598 Grand Boulevard 607 Grand Pacific Hotel 576 Grant Locomotive Wks.615 G reat Northern Hotel . . 580 Groveland Square 609 Hack and Cab Rates.... 561 Hansom Cabs 561 Hay market Building . . . 614 Headquarters Colum- bian Exposition 575 GUIDE Continued. Health Department 563 Heath & Milligan 598 Herald Building LOS Home Insurance Build- ing 574 Hotel Rates 563 Hotels and Boarding Houses 563 Insurance Exchange Building 675 Inter Ocean Building... 5H3 Iron and Steel Center.. .616 Jackson Hall 569 James H. Walker's & Co.6i>2 J tunes Wilde Jr. & Co. .593 J. B . Chambers & Co . . 597 Jesse Spaldiug's Office . . 569 Jesuit Church 610 JolmM.Smyth Bldg.. .613 Keith & Co 603 Kent Building 573 Kern's 571 Kimball Hall 601 Kohlsaat's 571 Lafayette Building 569 Lake Shore Drive 619 Lake View 619 LaSalle Avenue 619 LaSalleSt 568 Lake Street . r .?:i Leader, The 594 Leading Houses and In- dustries (see Spe'l lief) 620 "Levee"The 577 Loeb & Bro 571 Lodging House Misery.. 579 Lodging Houses 579 Lower Strata of Society. 579 Lumber District 616 Madison Hall 613 Madison Street Bridge... 611 Madison & Clark Sts . . . . f 95 Major Block 573 Mandel Bros 593 Manhatten Building &0 Manufacturing Center. .617 Marine Building F69 Marshall Field's Business Methods 590 Marshall Field, Career of 587 Marshall Field,in private life 591 Marshall Field & Co 5b7 Marshall Field & Co's. barn 578 Marshall Field & Co's Bldg., Retail 591 Marshall Field & Co's Business 589 Masonic Temple 583 Masonic Temple,Propor- tionsof 583 Maxwell's 603 May Subway 565 Mayor's Offices 304 GUIDE-Continned. McClurg's Book Store . .602 MeVicker'a 582 Mercantile Building 571 Merchant's Building 570 Merchants' Nat'l Bank 569 Methodist Church Bi'ck.597 Metropolitan fc ational Bank 571 Michigan Boulevard 607 Milwaukee Avenue 617 Monon Building 580 Monatluock and Kear- sarge Building 580 National Bank of Amer- ica 570 North Clark Street 617 Northern Suburbs 619 Northwestern Masonic Aid Asso 575 Northwestern Suburbs. 620 O'Brien's Art Gallery. . .603 Old Financial Wrecks .",n Old "Terror" District. 610 Old South Market Sq. . .5.5 Only Bldg saved from the fire on the South Side 572 Opera House Block 597 Otis Building 571 Pacific A ve 577 I'almer House 594 Parmalee's Agents . ..561 Pawn Broker's District. 578 Pearson St 619 PhenixBldg 576 Police Headquarters . . . . 565 Police Reporters' Room 564 Pontiac Bldg 580 Portland Block 583 Postoffiee Bldg 581 . Potter Palmer 586 Prairie Avenue 604 Prairie Ave., Appear- anceof 604 Prairie Ave., People win reside on 605 Present Slums of Chica- go 578 Printing House Dis't. . .581 Prominent Residents of North Side Ayes 617 Prominent Residents of South Side Avenues. ..604 Prominent Residents of West Side Avenues . 615 Public School Depa 1 . t- ment 565 Public Library 565 Public Works Depart- ment 565 Race Murder, Scene of. .578 Rand-McNally Building.575 Reaper Block 597 Republic Life Building. 573 Retail Dry Goods Stores 593 Rock Island Depot 578 GENERAL IXDEX. GUIDE -Con tinned. . Rookery Building 576 Room Rates 563 Root & Sons Music Co... 602 Royal Insurance Build'g576 Rush Street 618 Ryan, P.P. & Co 614 Scarlet Women and De- praved Men 578 School Property 593 Security Building 599 Seigel, Cooper & Co.'s. . .594 Sheriff's Office 567 Slack's 602 Slums, The Heart of the.579 Smyth, John M ... 613 Smyth Building 613 Smyth, John M., Busi- ness of 613 Smyth's Town Market . .613 Staats Zeitung Building. 598 Standard Guide Co 681 State Street Compared with Foreign Streets.. 582 State Street from the Bridge 582 State Street, Original Improvement of 586 State Street, Potter Palmer's Generosity . .586 Stensland, Paul O 617 Stock Exchange Bldg..58l Stone Building 614 Subscription Book Dist 601 South Clark Street .... 578 South Halsted Street. . . 609 South Water Street 583 Southern Manufact'ng Suburbs 620 Tacoma Building 571 Temple, the 573 Temple Court Bldg 51 Temperance Temple 573 Thomson's Restaurant.. 581 Times Building 598 Tobey Furniture Co.... 602 Touhy&Co 614 Tremont House 582 Tribune Building 582 Trunk Rates 501 "Uncle Jesse" and "Un- cle Phil" 509 Union Building 570 Union Depot 612 Union Nat. Bank 574 Union Stock Yards 609 Unity Building 582 University Place 607 Vartiell's 596 Varnish District 601 Vincennes Avenue -.f 0? Wabash Avenue 601 Wabash A ve., Changes in601 Washington Boulevard. 01 tJ Water Offices 665 West Madison St., a great thoroughfare 611 GUIDE-Contlnued. West Madison St., after the fire 611 West Madison St., from the Bridge 611 West Side Park System. 614 West Side Park System, Drive through 615 West Twelfth Street .. 610 Western Associated Press Office 570 Western Suburbs 615 Western Union Office. . 570 Wheeler Building 5^6 Wholesale District 6 Would-be-sports 695 Y. M. C. A. Building. . .572 Y. M. C. A. Quarters. . . .699 HISTORICAL. Admission of Illinois. ... 28 Angio-Am'ican War 1812 24 Anglo-French Colonial War 22 Black Partridge 20 Butchery of Fort Dear- born 27 Chicago as a City 29 Chicago as a Thrifty Village , 28 Chicago Portage 22 Death of Marquette 21 Defeat of Gen. Hull 25 English Intrigue 25 Escape of the Kinzie Family 28 Establishment of Fort at Chicago 23 Evacuation of Fort Dearborn 27 Extensions of Chicago . . 29 First Settler of Chicago. 22 Fort Dearborn Erected. 24 Fort Dearborn Massacre 27 Fort Dearborn Rebuilt.. 28 Garrison of Fort Dear- born 25 Growth of Chicago from 1837 29 Incorporation of Chgo. . 29 Indian Chief Eschika- gow or Chicago 21 Jolict and Marquette. . .. 21 Kinzie, John 25 LaSalle's Explorations. ':',' Le Mai, the Fur Trader. 22 Louisiana Purchase 23 Massacre of Fort Dear- born, Site of 27 Original City of Chicago 29 OriginaLSpellingof Chgo 21 Perish Le Clerc 27 Point De Sable 22 Population of Chicago, 1837 29 Population of Chicago, 1855-60-66-70-80-86-89... 30 HISTORICAL Continued. Present Population of Chicago 29 Second Settlement of Chicago 28 St. Joseph, Michigan... 23 Tippecanoe 25 War with England 25 Wells, Captain 20 Whistler, Captain John. 2J HOSPITALS AKD DISPENSA- RIES. Alexian Bros Hospital. .34X1 Augustana Hospital ..;!41 Bennett Hospital 341 Chi. Emergency Hos . .341 Chicago Floating Hos... 31 1 Chicago Horn. Hospital. 341 Chicago Hos. for Women and Children 341 Cook County Hospital.. .342 German Hospital 34'J Hahnemann Hospital . . .343 Hebrew Hospital 314 Linnean Hospital 344 Locat'n of Dispensaries. 340 Maurice Porter Memor'l Free Hospital 344 Mercy Hospital 3i4 Michael Reese Hospital. 345 Natn'l Temperance Hos 340 Presbyterian Hospital . 340 Provident Hospital 347 Ry. Brotherhood Hos. . .347 Bt. Elizabeth's Hospital .247 St. Joseph's Hospital . . 347 St.Luke's Free Hospital. 348 St. Vincent's Maternity Hospital 350 U.S. Marine Hospital.... 350 Wesley Hospital 351 Woman's Hospital 35."' HOTELS. Atlantic Hotel 352 Auditorium Hotel lift) 1 Jriggs House :*V! Burhe's European Hotel353 Capacity of Chicago Ho- tels :}52 Clifton House '.'M Commercial Hotel 3->; Continental Hotel !i53 Gault House 353 Gore's Hotel 353 Griind Pacific Hotel 354 Hotel Brevoort . 355 HotelDrexel 355 Hotel G race 355 Hotels. Miscellaneous... 358 Hotel Wellington 355 Hotel Woodruff 355 Hyde Park Hotel :$55 Leading Hotels 353 Leland Hotel 355 GENERAL INDEX. ri. HOTELS-C'ontinned. McCoy's Europ'n Hot'l . .a r >6 Palmer House 356 Itichelieu Hotel 357 Saratoga Hotel 357 Sherman House a r >7 Southern Hotel a r >8 Tremont House a r >8 Victoria Hotel Itfs Virginia Hotel 358 INEBRIATE ASYLUMS. Alexian Brother's Hospi- tal 361 Earle's Private Sanitari- um 361 Keeley Institute (see "Keeley Institute," The) 362 MarthaWash'gt'n Home 361 Mercy Hospital 361 St. Joseph's Hospital.... 3S1 Washingtouian Home... 362 KEELEY INSTITUTE, THE Associated Koeley Bi- ehloride of Gold Club.. 364 Bichloride of Gold Club of Dwight 364 Character of the Patienta364 Daily Life at Dwight... 365 Departures and Arrivals 366 Depot 366 Discovery of theRemedy366 Diseases Treated 367 Dwight, Description of ..367 Effects of the Treatment368 Express Office 369 Government Recogni- tion 369 Harry Lawrence's 369 Hotel and Boarding House Accommoda- tion 370 How One Man was Dis- eased and How Cured. 370 Information for the In- terested 371 Inebriety, a Disease 372 Keeley, as a Man 373 Keeley Institutes- Branches 373 KeelcyInstitute,Chicat!-o:j; I KeeleyInstitute,Foreign374 Keeley Institute,Parent House 375 Keeley Institute, Win- netka 374 Leslie E. Keeley Com- pany, The 376 Medical Staff 37ii No Restraint 376 Other Bichloride of Gold Cures 377 Photography '. 377 Pocket Money 377 Postoffice 377 KEELEY INSTITUTE-Con. Railroad Communica- tion 378 Rules and Regulations. .378 Slang 378 Sympathy 379 Taking the Remedy 379 What the Treatment Does 379 LIBRARIES. Armour Mission Lib'ry.380 Chicago Athaneum Li- brary * ....380 Chicago Branch I. T. & M. Society Library. . . .380 Chicago Historical Soci- ety Library 380 Hyde Park Lyceum Li- brary 380 Illinois Tract Society Li- brary 380 John Crerar Library 380 Lincoln St. M. E. Free Library 380 Newberry Library . . 381 Public Library(see " Pub- lic Library") 99 Pullman Public Lib'ry. .3S2 Ravenswood Public Li- brary 382 South Chicago Public Library 3S? Union Catholic Lib'ry.. 382 Western New Church Library 383 Wheeler Library 383 LIFE-SAVING STATIONS. Chicago Life-Sav'g St'n.383 E vanston Lif e-Sav'g Stn 383 LIGHTHOUSES. Chicago Light 383 Crib and Br'kw'r Lights. 3S4 Grosge Point Light 381 MANUFACTURES OF CHI- CAGO. Brass, Copper, etc 67 Brewing, Distilling and Tobacco 57 Bricks, Stone, etc 58 Capital Employed, 1891. . 67 Capital Employed in Va- rious Manufactures. 57-61 Chemicals 58 Iron and Steel 59 Iron and Wood 58 Labor Employed 67 Leather 59 Manufactures, Miscel ... 61 Meats 59 No. of Mnfg. Firms, 1891 57 Printing 60 MANUFACTURES-Con. Textiles 60 Wages, Employes, 67-61 Wood 90 MARITIME INTERESTS. Arrivals at Chicago Har- bor, Comparative 61 Arrivals from!883to 1891 63 Clearances at Chicago Harbor, Comparative. 61 Clearances from 18a3 to 1891 63 Coastwise Receipts and Shipments 63 Comparison with Lake Ports 62 Comparison with Sea- board Cities. .' 61 Greatest Harbor i n America 61 Lake-Carrying Trade. . . 61. Shipments of Grain to Canada 62 Tonnage of Lake Vessels 63 Value of Exports by Lake 63 Vessels Cleared at Chi- cago 61 Vessels Entered at Chi- cago 61 Vessels Owned in Chi- cago 64 MILITARY. Battery D, 1st Artillery .389 Cavalry Troop A 391 Chicago Hussars ii91 Chicago Zouaves . . . : 393 Cook's Chicago Lancers 392 Ellsworth Chi. Zouaves. 392 Evanston Zouaves 393 First Brig., I. N.G.,Gen'l and Staff 387 First Regt., Armory 389 First Regt., Field & Staff Officers 388 First Regt., I. N. G. ...387 First Regt., Standing and Personnel 388 Fort Sheridan 385 Gov. Headquarters ... 384 Illinois National Guards 386 Military Dept.of the Mo. 384 Rock Island Arsenal 386 Second Hegt. Band 391 Second Refit., Field and Staff officers . 390 Second Regt., I. N.G.... 390 Second Regt., Hist, of .390 Veteran Societies 393 NEWSPAPERS-DAILY. Abendpost 417 Arbeiter Zeitung 418 Dagbladet 420 xn GENERAL INDEX. NEWSPAPEBS, DAILT-Con. Daily National Hotel OUTLYING CHICAGO-Con. Antioch 441 OUTLYING CHICAGO-Con. Evanston City of 450 Reporter, The 418 Argyle Park 441 Daily News, The. .. 419 Arlington Heights 442 Daily Sun, The 420 Auburn Park 442 Fairview Park . 452 Drovers Journal, The . . .420 Aurora 442 Feehanville 442 Evening Journal 420 Austin 442 Fernwood 452 Freie Presse 432 Avondale 443 Forest Hill . 452 Goodall's Daily Sun .422 Barrington . 443 Forest Home 452 Herald, The Chicago 422 Batavia 443 Fort Sheridan 452 Illinois Staats Zeitung..424 Bayer 443 Fox Lake 452 Inter Ocean, The 425 Bensonville . 443 Franklin Park 451? List.y 426 Benton 443 Geneva .... 453 Mail, The Chicago 418 Berwyn 443 Glencoe 453 Post, The Evening . . . . 426 Bloom 443 Glen Ellyn 453 Press, The Evening ... .418 Blue Island 443 Glen wood 453 Skandinaven, The 427 Brainard . . . 444 Goodenow 453 Times, The Chicago ... .428 Bremen 444 Grand Crossing 453 Tribune, The Chicago. .429 Brighton Park 444 Grant Locomotive W'ks, Brisbane . . 444 addition 453 NEWSPAPERS-WEEKLY AND Buena Park . ... 444 Grayland 453 OTHElt PUBLICATIONS. Gray's Lake 454 , Advance, The 431 Burlington Heights . .444 Greenwood 4. r >4 Banner of Gold, The. . . 431 Calvary 444 Greggs 454 B r a i n a r d ' s Musical Camp McDonald 444 Griffith 454 World 433 G rossdale 454 Chicago Dramatic Canfield .. 444 Gross Park 455 Journal 432 Cary . 444 Gurnee .. 455 Chicago Eagle 432 Cheltenham . . 444 H ammond 455 Citizen, The 433 Harlem 456 Credit Company, The. . .433 City and Environs 439 Harvey 456 Economist, The 433 Clarendon Hills . 444 Hawthorne 457 Farmers' Review, The . 434 Clifton 444 Hejjewisch 458 Figaro 434 Clintonville .... 444 Hessville 458 Ex position Graphic, The434 Clyde 444 Highland Park 458 Furniture 434 Colehour . 444 Highlands 458 German-American . 435 Conleys . . . 445 High Ridge 458 Graphic, The 435 Cortland 445 Hinsdale 458 Inland Architect and Crawfoi'd 445 Hyde Park Center 459 News Record 435 Crete . . 445 Irving Park 460 Inland Printer, The 435 Itaska 46 1 Interior, '1 he . . . 435 Crystal Lake 445 Jefferson Park 460 Iron Age, The 430 Cummings 445 Joliet 460 Legal Adviser, The 43fi Cuyler 445 Kenosha : 461 Lumber Trade Journal. .430 Dalton 445 Kensington 461 National Builder The 43C Kenwood, 461 Nederlander, De 436 Lacton 462 Norden . . . .433 De Kalb 445 La For 462 Northwestern Christian Deplaines 445 La Grange 462 Advocate . 437 Des Plaines 445 La Vergne 403 Dolton 445 Lake 463 man The 437 Lake Bluff 463 Occident 437 Dyer ...446 Lake Forest ... 463 Es'mt Grove 446 Lakeside 463 Lake Villa 463 Presto ' 438 land 446 Lemont 464 Libertyville 404 Edison Park 446 Linden Park 464 Eggleston 447 Lisle 464 Union Signal 438 El burn . 449 Lockport 464 Elgin - 449 Lombard 464 Flmhurst 449 Mandel 464 OUTLYING CHICAGO Flsdon 449 Manhattan 464 Maple Park 4fi4 Suburbs 439 Englewood Heights 449 Maplewood 464 Englewood on the Hill 449 Marley 464 Altenheim .. . ..441 Eola... 450 Matteson 464 GENERAL INDEX. Xlll OUTLYING CHlCAGO-Con. Maynard 464 Maywood 464 McCaffrey 465 Melrose 46i Millers 465 Mokena 465 Monee 4f<5 Mont Clare .465 Montrose 465 Moreland 465 Morgan Park 465 Morton Park 466 Mount Forest 467 Mount Greenwood 467 Mount Prospect 467 Naperville 4<>7 New Lenox 467 Normal Park 467 North and South Shores 441 North Evanston 467 Norwood 467 Oak Glen 467 Oakland 467 Oak Lawn 467 Oak Park 467 Oak woods 46tf Orchard Place 468 Orland 468 Palatine 468 Park Ridge 46S Park Side 468 Pine. 468 Prairie View 468 Prospect Park 468 Pullman (See " Great Industries ") 468 Racine 468 Ravens wood 468 Ravinia 469 Redesdale 469 Rhodes 469 Richton 469 Ridgeland 469 Riverdale 469 River Forest 4-i9 River Park 469 Riverside 469 Rockefeller 470 Romeo 470 Roseland 470 Sag Bridge 471 Sherman 471 Silver Lake 471 South Chicago 471 South Englewood 471 South Evanston 471 South Lawn 472 South Lynne 473 Spring- Bluff 472 Stone Wood 472 Stough 472 Suburban Railway De- pots 410 Suburban Railway Ser- vice 440 Suburbs annexed 439 OUTLYING CHICAGO-Con. Surnmerdale 472 PARK SYSTEM-Continned. Jackson Park 72 Summit 472 Jackson Blvd ... 73 Sycamore 473 Thatcher's Park 473 Lake Front Park 78 Thornton 473 Lake Park. . . 78 Tolleston 473 Lake Shore Drive 73 Tracy 473 Lincoln Park 74 Transportation to Sub- urbs 440 Lincoln Park Conserva- tory 6S Tremont 473 Lincoln Pk., Mon'ts in... 75 Lincoln Pk. Palm-house 75 Michigan Ave. Blvd 75 Midway Plaisance 75 North and South side Viaduct 76 Trevor 473 Turner 473 Upwood 473 Warrenton. . 473 Washington Heights. . .473 Waukegan 473 North Side Parks 67 Waukesha 473 Oak wood Blvd 76 Wayne 474 OgdenBlvd 76 Wentworth 474 Park Com'rs, how Appt. 67 Parks under City Con- trol 78 West Ridge 474 West Roseland (see "Roseland") 474 South Parks, The 69 Western Springs . . 474 South Side Parks ... 67 Wheaton 474 Thirty-fifth Blvd . 76 Wheeling 474 Union Park 76 Whiting 474 Vernon Park 78 Wild Wood 477 Washington Blvd 76 Willow Springs 477 Wilmette 477 Washington Park 77 Washington Park Con- servatory ... 69 Winfleld 477 Wmnetka 477 Washington Square 78 Western A ve . Blvd 77 W. Twelfth Street Blvd. 77 West Side Parks . 67 Woodlawn . . 477 Worth 477 PARK SYSTEM. Access to Parks 67 West Side Park Improve- ments 79 Aldine Square 78 Wicker Park 78 Area of Parks 68 Woodlawu Park 78 Area of Public Squares. 68 Ashland Blvd 70 POLICE- DEPARTMENT. Assistant Sup't 79 Campbell Park 79 Central Blvd 70 City Parks 78 Bureau of Identification 80 Congress Park 79 Conservatories 68 Composition of Force ... 80 Cost of Maintenance 80 Detective Department.. 80 Div. Headq'rt'sandPrec >0 Divisions' Inspectors 80 General Headquarters.. 81 Control of Parks 67 Conveyances to Parks. . . 67 Douglas Blvd 70 Douglas Monument Square 78 Douglas Park 70 Douglas Park Conserva- tory 69 Patrol System 81 DrexelBlvd 71 Policemen's Ben. Asso... 82 Ellis Park 78 Gage Park 71 GartieldBlvd 71 Garfiekl Park 71 Secretary 80 Garneld Park Conserva- tory 69 POPULATION STATISTICS. Americans in Chicago. . . 82 Bohemians in Chicago.. 8,',' Cook County Popula'n . . Si English in Chicago .... 82 Foreisru Born Residents 82 Grand Blvd 71 Groveland Park 78 Humboldt Blvd 72 Humboldt Park 72 Humboldt Park Conser- vatory . . . . 69 XIV GENERAL INDEX. POP. STATISTICS Con. French in Chicago .... 83 PUBLIC EDUCATION-Con. Manual Training in Pub- lic Schools 92 PULLMAN, GUIDE TO-Coii. Death Rate (see'Health 1 ili;.'! Depots o"J Physical Culture in Pub- Doctors 321 lic Schools 93 Drainage . :>"! Public School B'ldgs 94 DiCdging ... 321 Population 18i2 82 Public Sch'ls, How Con- ducted 90 Drop Forge Company . .321 Dry Kilns .. 321 Population by Divisions 83 Receipts of School B'r'd. 92 Revenue Public Schools. 95 Dwellings (see " Build- ings") 321 ships 83 Salaries School Emp.. 95-98 Electric Lighting .;21 Population by Wards. . 83 PUBLIC LIBRARY. Electro Plating 821 Engines '','.( Population of Illinois.. 84 A Cosmopolitan Collec- tion 99 Flats (see " Buildings ").321 Flora 32 Administration of 99 Fire Department . I>21 Scotch in Chicago 82 Branch Delivery Sta- tions 100 Freight Car Shops 321 Foundry (see " Union U. S. Census Figures 82 Cards of Membership. . .103 Character of Books 1< Foundry." 321 Fuel :J21 Circulation of Books 101 Garbage 322 Condition of, 1892 101 Gas Works 321 POST OFFICE. Delivery Stations 100 Branch Offices 85 Directors' Report, 1892.. 101 Glass .321 Business, Increase of 86 Employes of 100 Librarian 102 Green Houses 322 Halls ....322 Employees of 85 Maintenance of 99 Hammer Shop 322 Health 3'*i Force Employed ... 85 Foreign Mails, Closing of 85 Number of Volumes 102 Officers of 'J'J Ilennepin Canal 322 History .... 5*23 Percentage of Circula- Hospitals 322 tion .. . '102 Hotels 322 International Money 1 Order System 87 Present Location of 99 Reference Department.,103 Houses (see " Build- ings ").... . 322 Secretary 102 House Drainage (see Mail Matter, First-Class. 89 Visitors During 1891... 103 "Drainage ") 322 Hydrants 322 Class 89 PULLMAN, GUIDE TO. Ice Houses 322 Mail Matter, Second Class 89 Allen Paper Car Wheel Industries ?22 Insurance 322 Mail Matter, Third Class 89 Amusements 319 Iron Machine Shop 322 Journals 322 Arcade 319 Labor ; 323 Officers of the P. O 87 Arcade Theater 819 Lake Calumet 322 Architecture 319 Lake Michigan 322 Art . 319 Lake Vista 322 Railway Mail Service 89 Athletic Association. . . . 319 Band (see "Music") 319 Land Association 323 Leases 323 Railway Post Offices 89 Bank 319 Library 322 Receipts for 1H91 90 Birth Rate 319 Living at Pullman 323 Receipts of Post office . . 90 Blacksmith Shops 3 9 I Blocks 319 Lumber Yards 323 Machinery 323 Registry Department. . . 90 Revenues of P. O 90 Salaries of Officers 90 Sub-Stations 85 Brass Works (see "Union Foundry" 319 Brick Yards 319 Manufacturing . . 323 Market 32: 5 Municipal 323 U. S. Money Order Sys- tem ... 90 Buildinsr s 320 Business Houses 320 Calumet Mfg. Co 320 Calumet River 320 Music 323 Nativity 323 Necrology (see "Health") 323 PUBLIC EDUCATION. Cemeteries 320 Operatives (see "Work- Census 320 men") 324 Organization . 324 Children's Work 320 Paint Works 324 P ijp TSJ 1 SS .h V Q1 Churches 320 parks 324 Est'd Expenditures.!^. 98 Columbia Screw Co 321 Corliss Engine 320 Passenger Car Shops . . .324 Pavements 324 Board... .. 92 Dairy Farm . ...321 Play Grounds 32 GENERAL INDEX. XV TOLLMAN, GUIDE TO Con. Police 324 Politics 3 .'4 Power 324 Pullman Cars 324 Pullman City 324 Pullman Company (see also "Pullman Palace Car Company") . ...324 Pullman Farm 3;5 Pullman Iron and Steel Works 325 Pullman Land Associ- ation 325 Railroad 325 Rents 325 River Calumet 325 Secret Societies 325 Sewers and Sewage 32 > Schools 326 Sidewalks 3. '5 Social Life 325 Stables 325 Steam Heating ~.325 Stores ;<~'t> Street Railroad 325 Streets 325 Suburban Trains 326 Suburbs 326 Tenants 326 Terra Cotta Lumber Co. 326 Theater 32 i Trees 326 Union Foundry and Car Wheels Works 32B AVages 326 Watchmen 326 Water 3^8 Water Tower 326 Waterworks 326 Women's Work 327 Workmen 327 RAILROADS AND WHERE w ,. THEY LEAD TO. ,- Atch son.Topeka & Santa < Fe 478 , Baltimore & Ohio 480 Chicago & Alton 438 Chicago, Burlington & Quincy 482 Chicago & Calumet Ter- minal 490 Chicago Central 481 Chicago & Eastern 111.. .491 Chicago & Grand Trunk.491 Chicago, Milwaukee & St. Paul 484 Chicago & Northern Pa- cific 492 Chicago & North-west- ern 493 Chicago, Rock Island & Pacific 486 Chicago, St. Paul & KansasCity 48 RAILROADS Continued. Cleveland, Cincinnati, Chicago & St. Louis. . .497 Erie Lines 498 Grand Trunk 499 Illinois Central 500 Lake Shore & Michigan Southern 503 Louisville, New Albany Chicago 504 Michigan Central 504 New York Central 504 Northern Pacific 505 Pennsylvania Lines (iti7 Union Pacific 508 Wabash 510 Wisconsin Central Lines.511 REAL ESTATE AND BUILD- INGS. Building, Comparative.. 104 Bldg. Operations, 1891. . .103 Bldg. Oper. since 1876. . .105 , Building Permits, 1891.. 104 -" Great Bldgs. of 1891 106 Growth of Chicago 105 Real Estate Market, '91. .105 Real Estate Transfers. . .105, School Bldgs. erect. '91.. 107 SHIP AND DRAINAGE CA- NAL. Changing the Water Flow 107 Chicago Sanitary Dis- trict,Mapof 108 Cost of the Undertak'g.109 Disposing of the Chicago Sewage 109 Drainage Commission . .107 Map of Sanitary Dis- trict 108 Powers of Commission.. 107 Route of theSbip Canal. 109 Uncertainty as to Work on 112 SOCIETIES. Art Student's League. . .513 Back Lot Societies of Evanston 513 Bar Association 514 Bohemian Free Think- ers 514 British American Asso.514 Canadian Amer. League 514 Chicago Academy of Sciences .514 Chicago Astronomical Society 514 Chicago Democracy... 514 Chicago Historical Soc'y 515 Chicago Law Club ... 515 Chicago Law Institute. .515 Chicago Orchestral Union 515 Chicago Philatelic Soc'y 516 SOCIETIES-Continued. Chicago Soc'y of Deco- rative Art 5!6 Chicago Turngemeinde.516 Columbian Asso 516 Cymrodorian Soc'y. 517 Dania Soc'y 517 Deutscher Krieger Verein 517 Garibaldi Legion 517 Germania Soc'y of Chi. 518 German Mutual Benefit Association 518 Girl's Friendly Soc'y. . ..518 Horticultural Soc'y 518 Illinois Humane Soc'y.. 518 Illinois Soc., Sons of the American Revolution. 519 Ill.State Bd.of Charities 519 Irish Catholic Coloniza- tion Ass'n 520 Irish Nat. Burial Ass. . . 520 Luxemburg Unterstuet- zungs Verein 520 Medical Societies 520 Moral Education'l Soc'y 520 Naval Vet. Ass'n 520 N. W. Associ'n of Horse Breeders 520 N. W. Trav. Men's Ass. .521 Ogontz Association 521 Personal Rights League 521 Philosophical Society.. .522 Physical Culture and Correct Dress 232 Plat Deutsch Verein 522 Ref onn.Societies ... 522 Ridgeway Ornithologi- cal Club 523 Secret Societies 523 Singing Societies 523 Societa Christof oro Col- umbo 523 Societa Francaise D e Secours Mutual 523 Societa Itiliana Unione e Fratellanza 523 Society for Ethical Cul- . ture 523 Soldiers' Home Asso . . 623 South End Flower Mis- sion 5'3 St. Andrew's Society. . . .523 State Microscopical So- ciety 624 State Council Catholic Benevolent Legion 524 St. Vincent De Paul So- cieties 5?4 Temperance Societies. . .524 Turners' Societies 524 Typothetae, The 524 Union Veteran League. .524 Unione e Fratellanza 524 Union Veteran Legion.. 525 United Commercial Travelers of America.525 XVI GENERAL INDEX. SOCIETIES-Contlnned. Western Amateur Press Asso 525 Western Society. Army of the Potomac 525 Woman's Press Asso 525 Wonfan's Alliance 526 Woman's Exchange 526 SPECIAL REFERENCE. Andrews, A. H. & Co. ..626 Blatchford, E. W. & Co. 024 Carpenter, Geo. B. & Co 626 Chicago Rawhide Mfg. Co The 625 Crown Pianos 8c Organe.C29 Curry Charles C.28 Dodge Mfg. Co. The.... 620 Douglas' Instantaneous Water Heater 629 Ely, The Edwards Co . . .r22 Fooler, E. 8. & W. S. ttf! Gregg Electric Cure Co.630 Gormully & Jeffery Mfg. Co 631 Henry Dibblee Co ... . . ..621 Irwin, Green & Co .... 623, James, Fred S. &Co... 623 Jenkins, Kreer & Co... 627 Kaestner, Chas. & Co 627 KimbarkS. D 630 Marine Engine Works ..621 McDonald, Charles.. . .628 New York Mutual Life Insurance Co 631 Northwestern Masonic Aid Asso 632 Northern Assurance Co. of London 631 Pettibone, Mulliken & Co 624 Phenix Lumber Co. Mil- waukee 531 Plank inton Hotel, Mil- waukee ...531 Rice & Whitacre Mfg. Co 622 Richardson M.A. Jr. & Co 625 Ritchie, W. C. & Co 628 Sawyer-Goodman Co 624 S\yeet Wallach & Co ...620 Victor Colliau's Hot Blast Cupola, Detroit. 529 Vierling, McDowell & Co 626 Warner Bros. Corset Mfgs 625 Western Wheel Works.. 6'S 8T.4TE INSTITUTIONS. Illinois Asylum for Fee- ble Mind'eii Child'n ... 526 Illinois Central Hospital for the Insane 526 Illinois Charitable Eye and Ear Infirmary 526 STATE INSTITUTIONS-Con. Illinois Hospital for the Insane 5~'6 Illinois Institution for the Education of the Blind 526 Illinois Institution for the Education of the Deaf and Dumb 526 Illinois Northern Hospi- tal for the Insane 527 Illinois Soldiers' and Sailors' Home 527 Illinois Soldier s' Orphans' Home 527 Illinois Southern Hospi- tal for the Insane 527 Illinois Southern Peni- tentiary 627 Illinois State Peniten'y .627 Illinois State Reform School 528 TRIBUTARY CITIES AND TOWNS. Cincinnati 528 Cleveland 528 Columbus 628 Council Bluffs 528 Des Moines 528 Detroit 529 Galena 529 Galesburg *29 Indianapolis 529 Jackson 29 Jacksonville 530 Kansas City 530 Keokuk 530 Leavenworth 530 Lincoln 530 Louisville 53 1 ) Milwaukee 530 Minneapolis . 531 Omaha 531 Quincy 532 Springfield 532 St. Joseph 532 St. Louis 532 St. Paul 532 Tributary Cities 533 Tributary Towns in Sur- rounding States 533 Tributary Towns, Popu- lation of 533 UNION STOCK YARDS. Area covered by 319 A rmour's Great Busi- ness 336 "Big Four " The 335 Capacity of 330 Classification of Cattle.. 333 Clay, Robinson & Co. ...336 Currency and Weights. 332 Disposing of receipts. . . 333 Dressed Beef Business . .334 Exchange, The 335 | UNION STOCK YARDS Con. How Live Stock is Rec'd .331 Location of 329 Method of Buying and . .332 Selling 332 Packing Companies 335 Rules and Regulations.. 331 Sights in Pack ingtown.. 337 Slaughtering the Cattle .334 Union Stock Yards Com. 329 Wood Bros 33*5 Yardage Charges, etc 332 WATER TRANSPORTATION. -LAKE. Goodrich Line 634 Goodrich Line, Steam- ships of 534 Goodrich Line, Descrip- tion of the "Virginia.. 534 Graham & Morton Trans- portation Co 533 Lake M. & Lake S. Trans. Co. 535 WATER WORKS. Central PumpingWorks.112 Description of Water Works System 112 Expenditure since 1861 . . 113 How to reach Pumping Station 1 2 How to reach Crib 112 Location of Pumping Stations 112 New Water Tunnels 114 Source of Water Supply.114 Suburban Water Supply. lla Temperature of Lake Water 114 Total Cost of Water Works to 1892 113 Water Supply of Envi- rons 115 Water Towers 114 WORLD'S COLUMBIAN EX- POSITION. Act of Congress author- izing World's Fair 565 Administration 537 Administration Build- insr. Progress of 551 Agr't'l Bldg., Prog- ress of 551 Appropriations of For- eign Countries 646 Art Galleries, Progress of 551 Board of Architects . - 540 Board of Control and Management of U. S. Government Exhibit. .540 Board of Lady Mana- gers 640 Board of Reference and Conirol 638 GENERAL INDEX. XV11 WORLD'S COL. EX. -Con. Building Outlook 189 i.. 551 Chicago Stock Subscrip- tion 550 Chiefs of Departments.. 539 Commissioners 638 Committees 538 Com. of the Directory of the World's Col. Ex. on Word's Cong's fi44 Congresses 544 Dairy Building, Pro- gress of 552 Dedicatory Ceremonies.554 Director General 539 Dutiable Articles Ex- hibited 556 Electric Lighting 552 Electricty Building, Progress of 551 Entrance Pee 554 Estimated Value of Sal- vage 550 Executive Department. 539 Exhibits 554 Expenditures to Date . . 549 Exposition Bldgs., An- nexes, etc 549 Exposition Bldgs., Area Covered 548 Exposition Bldgs., Cost. of 548 Exposition Bldgs., Di- mensions of 548 Exposition Bldgs., Ex- penditures 549 Financial Ability of Ex- position Company . . . 550 Financial Resources 550 Fisheries Bldg., Progress of 551 Foreign Participation ..546 Forestry Bldg., Progress of 551 WORLD'S COL. EX.-Con. Geenral Information . . .554 General Review 516 Government Aid and Kecognition 547 Government Exhibits. . .56 Hand-Hook of the Expo- sition 559 Headquarters 559 Hotel Accommodation.. 554 Hoiticultural Building, Progress of 551 Illinois Bldg, Progress of 552 Int. earned on deposits.. 550 Jackson Pk., Prep, at . . .654 Jackson Park and Mid- way Plaisance 554 Lighting the Buildings and Grounds 552 Local Board 538 Local Bd. of Directors . .539 Local Bd. Corn's 538 MachinervHall, Prog.of 551 Manufactures and Lib- eral Arts Building, Progress of 551 Material Used in Con- struction of Buildings.552 Medical Bureau 540 Mines Bldg., Progress of. 551 Nations Responding .. 546 Naval Review 553 Officers of Local Board. P38 Organization of Expo . . .557 Origin of World's Fair Movement 555 Power of Commission. . .556 Precautions against Fire552 Preliminary Work 555 Pres. Proclamation 556 Pres. Proclamation.Text Of 557 Progress of Construct'n.551 Prospective Gate Rec'ts.560 WORLD'S COL. EX.-Con. Prospective Receipts from Concessions and Privileges 650 Restaurants & Cafes .... 664 Sewerage Arrange- ments 552 Site of the Exposition . .558 Special Attractions 558 Special Exposition Fea- tures 5f,4 State and Territorial Aid and Recognition 547 Stock Subscriptions... .550 Total cost of Exposi- tion 549 Transportation 552 Transportation Bl dg . , Progress of 651 Transportation, In- crease of 559 TJ. 8 Government Bldg 552 WaterSupply 552 Woman's Branch of the World's Congress Aux- iliary 545 Woman's Build'g, Prog- ress of 551 Women's Work 553 World's Columbian Com- mission 537 World's Congress, Arrangements for. . ..553 World's Congress Aux^ iliary 541 World's Congress Aux- iliary, Topic to be Dis- cussed 558 World's Congresses Pro- posed 544 World's Congress De- partments 541 The publishers desire to state that no "paid" matter of any description ichat- ever appears in the body of this icork. Commercial houses, corporations, private interests and individuals are referred to only because a Guide to Chicago would not be complete were mention of them omitted. These references are made not only without previous arrangement, but in nearly every instance without the knowledge of the houses, corporations or persons referred to. The sole aim of the publishers has been to make a perfect hand-book. Such "paid " matter as appears in this volume is printed plainly aft advertising. THE FRONTISPIECE. The Frontispiece in this edition of THE STANDARD GUIDE is taken from the Great Oil Pai//fii/>/ presented to Chicago by the Contributors to the Fin lit lief Fund in London, England, after the g nut fire o/ 1871. There was a surplus left after Chicago had received all the a'ul tlffmtit nfressary, and this was used to pay for the painting of the picture. It hangs in the rooms of the Historical Society . Though severely criticised as a Work of Art, it irill become yearly more valuable as a Historical Souvenir. a y 6 t c O CHICAGO. Not in the Arabian Nights' Entertainments, though bathed in all the glorious colorings of Oriental fancy, is there a tale which surpasses in won- der the plain, unvarnished history of Chicago. And it is probable that even Ihe elastic credulity of childhood, which from generation to generation has accepted, without question, the impossible adventures of Aladdin, Ali Baba and Sinbad the Sailor, would be sorely strained if confronted with the story which the most prosaic historian of this remarkable city is called upon to tell. Chicago is one of the wonders of modern times. Her progress amazes mankind. There is not on record an achievement of human intellect, skill and industry that will bear comparison with the transformation of a dismal swamp, in the midst of a trackless desert, within the span of a human life, into one of the mightiest and grandest cities on the globe. The aim of this volume is to present to the reader the results attained by the people of Chicago in government, art, science, culture, commerce and general advancement. To do this within the limits of a pocket compendium has required exacting labor and the exercise of all the skill which the com- piler could command. Neither Baedeker's nor Gallignani's celebrated guides, which European 'ravelers find indispensable, are the results of a year's or of ten years' labor. It has required a quarter of a century or more, and frequent alterations and evisions, to bring them up to their present degree of excellence. It requires lime to perfect a volume of this character, particularly when it pretends to '.over faithfully a city like Chicago, where changes of magnitude are con- stantly occurring, and where it demands all the watchfulness, energy and enterprise of the editors of our great daily newspapers to keep up with the rapidly-moving and never-halting procession of events. I do not claim for " The Standard Guide " any more or less than that it is a faithful compilation. I have sought material everywhere, and have taken the liberty of using all the facts and -information that have fallen under my eye. 17 18 GUIDE TO CHICAGO. I take advantage of this opportunity to cheerfully and publicly place cm record my obligations to the reporters of the city press, whose work haa made it possible for me to collect within the covers of this volume much of the information it contains. This book, I believe, will prove to be one of the most useful ever issued in Chicago, both as a guide and an encyclopedia, and valuable alike to the resi- dent and the stranger. My aim has been to place this city, so much misrepre- sented of late, in a proper light before the World to convince the people of all countries that Chicago is not merely a big, bustling, uncultivated Westein town, but a great Modern Metropolis, whose people are blessed with all the advantages and surrounded with all the elevating and refining influences enjoyed by the residents of cities ten times her age. This volume will be read extensively throughout America and Europe, and I believe it will con- tribute in no small degree toward removing the erroneous impressions con. cerning Chicago and her people which have found a lodgment abroad. The printing and binding of this book were placed in the hands of Messrs. Donohue & Henneberry, who have performed their work in a most creditable manner. The photographic views from which the half-tone engravings were taken, were furnished by Mr. J. W. Taylor ; the photogravures were made by Vandercook & Co. THE STANDARD GUIDE TO CHICAGO will be revised and issued annually. JOHN J. FLINN. CHICAGO, 1891. The above appeared as the preface to the STANDARD GUIDE to Chicago for 891. I have nothing to add to it except this : That the sale of the work justifies me as its compiler in pronouncing it a success. It seems to have met a want and filled it. For this I am grateful, and as an earnest of my gratitude, I have attempted to make this, the revised edition, still more worthy of public patronage. JOHN J. FLINN. CHICAGO, 1892. PUBLISHERS' NOTICE. In this volume the World's Columbian Exposition is treated merely as an incident to Chicago. We publish a "Hand-Book of The World's Colum- bian Exposition," which will, we are satisfied, be accepted by the public as a c implete compendium of information concerning the World's Fair. It has been carefully compiled from official sources, by Mr. John J. Flinn. THE STANDARD GUIDE COMPANY. THE MARVELOUS CITY. A BUSINESS VIEW. Population of Chicago, 1837 Population of Chicago, 1890 (IT. 8. Census) Population of Chicago, 1890 (School Census) Population of Chicago, 1892 (Estimated) Area of Chicago in Square Miles, 1837 Area of Chicago in Square Miles, 1892 Length of Chicago, Lineal Miles, 1892 Width of Chicago, Lineal Miles, 1892 Buildings erected in Chicago since 1876 Cost of buildings erected since 1876 Frontage of buildings erected since 1876, miles Buildings erected in Chicago in 1891 Cost of buildings erected in 1891 Frontage of buildings erected in 1891, miles Bank Clearings of Chicago, 1866 - Bank Clearings of Chicago, 1891 Commerce of Chicago, 1850 Commerce of Chicago, 1891 Capital of Chicago National Banks, 1891 Surplus and Profits of Chicago National Banks, 1891 Value of Meat Products for 1891 Receipts of Hogs for 1891 Receipts of Cattle for 1891 - Wholesale Business of Chicago, 1891 Manufactured Products of Chicago, 1891 - Wages paid Employes of Manufactories for 1891 Capital Employed in Manufacturing, 1891 4,170 1,098,576 1,208,669 1,300,000 10.70 181.70 24 10 67,868 $309,309,379.00 286 11,626 $54,010,500.00 53 $453,798,648.11 $4,456,885,230.00 $20,000,000.00 $1,459,000,000.00 - $21,241,680.00 $12,495,143.00 - $133,860,000.00 8,600,865 3,250,000 $517,166,000.00 - $567,012,300.00 $104,904,000.00 - $210,302,000.00 THE MARVELOUS CITY. ANOTHER VIEW. Investment In Public Schools to Date - $58,000,000.00 Pupils Attending Public Schools . . 14.5 751 Teachers in Chicago Publie Schools .... 3 259 Cost of Maintaining Public Schools, 1891 - - $5,013 435.86 Academies and Seminaries In Chicago . - 359 Universities in Chicago - ... 4. Private Schools in Chicago . . goo Pupils Attending Seminaries, Private Schools, etc. - - 70,000 Teachers in Academies, Seminaries, etc. - - 12 000 Enrollment at Night Schools, 1891 . . . 12,000 Cost of Night Schools, 1891 $95,361.84 Whole number of Public Schools . . 192 Estimated Cost Public Schools, 1892 - $6,000,000.00 Number of Children of School Age in Chicago 289,433 Number of Books taken from Public Library, per annum - 1,290,514 Number of Volumes in Public Library - 166475 Number of Volumes in other Libraries - 3,000,000 Number of Visitors to Public Library Reading Room, 1891 - 492,837 Reference Books Issued, 1891 . 326,619 Visitors to Art Institute, 1891 - 75,000 Number of Daily Newspapers in Chicago - - - 30 Number of Weekly Newspapers 305 Total Number of Periodical Publications - 611 Productions of Bound Books in Chicago, 1891 9,000,000 Hospitals in Chicago 30 Charitable Asylums in Chicago - - 50 Amount Expended in Public Charities Annually - - $5,000,000.00 Amount Contributed Toward Private Charities Annually - $3,000,000.00 Number of Churches in Chicago - 575 Number of Literary Organizations - . 725 Number of Gentlemenls Family Clubs - 89 Area of Public Parks, Acres - - - 1,974 < 3 O < 3 ^ o 5 * ^ X. "2 3 Is s -i PART I. CHICAGO AS IT WAS. In order that the visitor may thoroughly appreciate the magnitude and splendor of the Chicago of the present, perhaps it would be well enough to take a glance at the Chicago of the past. The history of the city is as brief as it is wonderful. One hundred years ago the ground which it covers was a pathless wilderness an almost impenetrable morass; a swamp, out of which sprang a dense growth of wild and tangled grasses, with here and there a mound or a ridge covered with wild reeds, or oak and maple trees, stunted in their growth but luxuriant in their foliage. Since 1673, when Joliet and Marquette, induced by the marvelous tales told them by the Indians regarding the Big Water that laid toward the north, gazed upon Lake Illinois (the name which Lake Michigan bore for many years), and discovered the portage of the Chicago, or Checagow, as the natives pronounced it, a number of French explorers and missionaries from the South and Canadian voyageurs from the North had visited the spot upon which Fort Dearborn was afterward erected by the United States govern- ment, then in its infancy. Louis Joliet was the agent of Count Frontenac, the Governor of " New France" afterward Louisiana; and Father Jacques Marquette was a priest of the Society of Jesus, full of zeal for his religion and bent upon the salvation of the savage. Some writers maintain that La Salle preceded Marquette, but the doubt as to this is decidedly in favor of the Jesuit priest. It was Joliet, however, who first made the outside world acquainted with the fact that such a stream as the Chicago river existed, by giving it a place in a roughly-drawn map which accompanied his report to the French governor. Marquette did not long survive his arrival at Chicago Portage. He died of a fever contracted in the malarial swamp during the year 1675, after having established his religion among the Indians. His successor was Father Claude Allouez, who, during his mission to the Illi- nois, made several trips to this section. The Indians had given the name which this city bears to the river. To them it was Eschikagow or Checagow. There are various stories regarding its origin. It is known that a chief of the tribe of Illinois was named " Che- cagow " and that he was sent to France in 1725 and had " the distinguished honor of being introduced in Paris to the Company of the Indies," but the 21 22 GUIDE TO CHICAGO. river was called Eschikagow or " Checagow " long before this. The word "Checagow" in the language of the Illinois meant " Onion;" in the language of the Pottawatomies it signified " pole cat." The probabilities are that the stream received its name from the " Onion," that vegetable having been found in great profusion along its banks by the early explorers. La Salle in 1678 secured a patent of nobility from the French monarch and a grant of seignority for Fort Frontenac on Lake Ontario. He then undertook the task of Western exploration, and visited the Mississippi and Illinois rivers in furtherance of his object. In his company were three Flemish friars, and of these Fathers Membre and Ribourde became the immediate successors of Marquette and Allouez in the Illinois mission. For nearly a hundred years we read of a succession of missions, of the occa- sional arrival of an emissary of the French government, of the establishment of trading posts here and elsewhere along the shore of Lake Michigan, but nothing in the nature of a permanent settlement is mentioned, and it is plain that no idea of the foundation of a city at or near the Chicago Portage ever entered the minds of the few adventurous spirits who found their way hither. The first settler of Chicago was a fugitive San Domingoan slave named Point De Sable. How he found his way from his master's plantations to the French settlements of Louisiana and afterward into the jungles of the North- west is unknown, but that he was settled in a cabin at the mouth of the Chi- cago river and was leading the life of a trapper here in 1779 is a settled fact. Attention is called to his existence by the British Commander of Fort Mich- ilimacinac in a letter written on the 4th of July of the year mentioned, who speaks of him as " Baptiste Point De Sable, a handsome negro, and settled at Eschikagow, but much in the French interest." This negro became quite prominent as a fur trader, and others who sought to obtain a share of the prof- its obtained through barter with the Indians soon gathered around him. Quite a settlement of these trappers and traders sprang up at the mouth of the river. One of them, a Frenchman named Le Mai, bought De Sable out. The latter died shortly afterward at Peoria. Le Mai put new life into the business and caused several improvements to be made in the settlement. The point continued to grow in importance as a trading post, and Le Mai became quite a prosperous if not a wealthy man. He continued in busi- ness here until 1804. The result of the Anglo-French colonial war, in which George Wash- ington under General Braddock first achieved military distinction, was to deprive France of all territory lying upon the great lakes and east of the Mississippi, and without having any knowledge of the fact, for the scene of operation was far away and means of communication were few, the settle- ment of Chicago Portage passed under the protection of the British flag. Concerning this period, Flinn, in his history of Chicago, says: "In all the CHICAGO AS IT WAS. 23 subsequent events, the session of Louisiana to Spain, the insurrection of the Indians under the great Pontiac, and, spurred on by the French traders, the attempt of the Illinois Chief Chicago to drive back the English; the English attempt to prevent settlements beyond the Ohio river; the annexa- tion of the Northwest to Canada; the preparation for a colonial revolt against King George through all these events Chicago Portage slumbered obliv- iously in her desolate neck of the woods, as blissfully ignorant of the world as the world could possibly be of her." While negotiations for the purchase of Louisiana by the United States government were in progress the project of building a fort a sort of an out- post of civilization at the southern extremity of Lake Michigan, was being entertained by Congress. From the close of the Re volution it had been remem- bered that British influence among the warriors who overran the West, and who could be counted in bands of thousands along the upper lakes, was gain- ing headway, and it became necessary with the acquisition of the new terri- tory that the United States government should make some demonstration of its strength in order to counteract the pernicious effects of England's tactics. The Indians could be made very troublesome to us by the artifices of a nation that was secretly, if not openly, still an enemy of the republic. Hence the proposition to build a fort. The mouth of the St. Joseph river on the east bank of the lake was first proposed as the proper site for the outpost, but the friendly Indians were hostile to the measure, withheld their consent to its construction, and the government commissioners, in the interest of peace, decided to select another location. Across the lake from St. Joseph was the Chicago Portage, where a piece of territory six miles square had been 'ceded to the government by the Indians. The mere fact that the government was the owner of these six miles square appears to have been the most potent influence brought to bear upon the commissioners. Beyond the fact that the government owned this little piece of land in the wilderness, there was no particular reason why the fort should be located here, except that the Chicago river emptied into the lake at this point, and from the Chicago communication could be had by water with the interior. The undertaking was considered at the time a bold one, as the post would be far removed from the borders of civilization, and the safety of its defenders would depend in great measure upon the friend- ship of the Illinois and Pottawatomie Indians. An order for the construc- tion of the works was issued by the War Department in 1803. There were no American military outposts nearer than Detroit and Michilimacinac at this time. A company of United States soldiers was stationed at the latter place, under command of Capt. John Whistler, an officer of the Revolution, and to him was intrusted the work of establishing the new fort. Two young 24 GUIDE TO CfilCAGO. lieutenants, William Whistler, the Captain's son, and James S. Swearington from Chillicothe, Ohio, assisted him in command. To the latter he gave in charge the difficult and dangerous task of conducting the soldiers through the forests of Michigan to Chicago, while with his wife, his son and his son's wife a young bride he embarked on the United States schooner "Tracy' for the same destination. The schooner arrived in front of the settlement on July 4, 1808. The mouth of the river was choked with sand, driftwood and weeds. On the sand bar the schooner discharged her cargo of ammunition, arms and provisions into small boats which were rowed into the river, and landed at the spot where the fort was to be erected. There were at this point three rude huts occupied by French fur traders with their Indian wives and broods of half-breed children. But the news of the projected work had been noised around the country, and nearly 2,000 Indians were present to witness the debarkation. In the presence of these natives the United Stales flag was planted on a spot made venerable with the memories of 130 years of transient French occupation. The fort was not completed until the following year. It occupied, according to Eastman, " one of the most beautiful sites or the lake shore. It was as high as any other point, overlooking the sur face of the lake, commanding as well as any other view on this flat surface could, the prairie extending north to the belt of timber along the south branch and on the north side, and the white sand hills both to the north and south, which had for ages past been the sport of the lake winds.' Around the fort, little by little, began to gather the wild anc" restless adventurers who blazed the path of civilization through thr trackless forests. Now and then hunters "dropped in," liked thr place and stayed. Little by little the three log huts which the schoone? "Tracy" had found here became surrounded by a little village of simila" huts, but their occupants, instead of being French traders with squaw wives were more closely allied by race and disposition to the soldiers within th<- palisades. There were Indians about in great numbers, but they wer^ friendly and manageable as a rule. The post continued to be entirely isolated from the rest of the Caucasian race on the continent, and save for an occa sional visit from a supply schooner, its little garrison might well have been impressed with the belief that all the world had forgotten them. The war between the United States and England in 1812, was the cause of that important event in the history of Chicago, the massacre of Fort Dear- born. The French settlers previous to this time bad been driven out of Illi- nois by the English, and the latter had worked their way steadily into the confidence and affections of the Indians. They had been taught by English agents and emissaries that the Americans were attempting to rob them of their hunting grounds and led to believe that if they would join their fortunes CHICAGO AS IT WAS. 25 with the British the Americans would be driven out of the country. The Shawnees, a powerful western tribe, had been thoroughly blinded by the English and had given themselves over bodily to the enemy, with the great chief Tecumseh attheir head. This chieftain was as eloquent as he was brave. He talked to the friendly Pottawatomie chiefs, worked upon their credulity and gained their adhesion to the English cause. Several of them had fought by his side at Tippecanoe the year before, and it is stated, on good authority, that Tecumseh contemplated the destruction of Fort Dearborn even then, and would have carried his design into execution were it not for the defeat he suffered in that memorable engagement. He was an energetic man, and he wandered through the wilderness constantly in search of new allies to assist him in driving the white settlers east of the Ohio river. He succeeded in forming an alliance of this charac- ter with the Winnebagoes of Rock River. The officers who were originally in command of Fort Dearborn were replaced in 1811 by Capt. Heald, Lieut. Helm, Ensign George Ronan and Surgeon Van Voorhees. The garrison, at the time, contained sixty-six soldiers. John Kinzie, the first "prominent citizen, "was living with his family close to the fort. There were a few straggling farm-houses along the river. Inside the palisades dwelt the wives of Capt. Heald and Sergeant Holt, and three other women, the wife of a French trader named Ouilmette, a Mrs. Boriou, her sister, and Mrs. Corbin, the wife of a soldier. The Kinzie, Burns and White families were the most prominent in the settlement. Everybody acquainted with American history will recall readily the disas- trous defeats and humiliations which befell our armies in the Northwestduring the early months of the War of 1812. Fort Michilimacinac, Mich., the nearest post to Fort Dearborn , had fallen . Finally the garrison at Detroit, together with the town and the entire territory of Michigan, fell into the hands of the Brit- ish. General Hull, who was in command, was tried by court martial and sentenced tobe hanged, a sentence never executed, however, for it developed to the satisfaction of the government and the country shortly afterward that the War Department, which had been inefficiently conducted, was really responsible for the disaster. Some days before surrendering he had the forethought and the manliness to acquaint Captain Heald, commander of Fort Dearborn, with the situation, to warn him of the impending danger and to urge him and the little garrison to evacuate the fort and retreat to Fort Wayne. This was the first intimation Fort Dearborn had received of the declaration of war with England and the unfortunate disasters which had followed. The news created consternation and confusion bordering upon panic. To make matters worse, there was anything but harmony existing between Heald and his subordinates The latter decided upon evacuation without consulting with his officers, in spite of the opposition of Kinzie, 26 GUIDE TO CHICAGO. who was powerful among the settlers, and against the advice of Winne- mac, the friendly chief, who had brought the tidings from Hull. The latter had suggested, or ordered, that the supplies contained in the fort be distributed among the Indians. When arguments failed, and Kinzie found that Heald could not be turned from his purpose, he begged the commander to evacuate at once, before news of the American defeats and the peril of their position became noised ,mong the tribes. Heald, however, obstinately insisted upon postponing the move till he could summon all the Indians, in order to divide the supplies among them. Winnemac saw clearly the danger of this course, and advised that the fort be abandoned without delay, with everything left as it was; so that while the Indians were ransack- ing the place, and gorging themselves with the provisions, the garrison might safely escape. He knew that the savages had become generally hostile. Further appeals to Heald from officers and settlers proved to be of no avail. On August 12th, a council of Pottawatomies was assembled and called to order by Captain Heald, in the presence of Mr. Kinzie, who accompanied him to the place of meeting outside the palisades. This council passed off peace- ably enough, Capt. Heald promising to evacuate the fort and distribute the supplies and all surplus ammunition and arms within the garrison. The Indians were also to receive a liberal gift of money. The Indians appeared to be satisfied. They had not as yet heard of the American defeat, Capt. Heald remaining silent on that subject. It was conveyed to them, however, by Tecumseh, who promised them a glorious opportunity of driving the whites forever out of the hunting-grounds. The effect of this intelligence was to make the Indians at once more insolent than ever. Heald, in a foolish effort to correct a criminal mis- take, decided to distribute provisions only, and to destroy the arms and ammu- nition. The Indians prowling around the fort found fragments of muskets, flint-locks and broken powder casks thrown in a well, and at the river bank a number of headless whisky casks. When these discoveries were reported to the multitude of red-skins now assembled, their rage knew no bounds. They justly looked upon Heald's act as a piece of treachery, and it compromised all the good fellowship that existed between the Indians and the garrison, and even the Chief Black Partridge, who had always been friendly, threw off his allegiance and became an enemy. Rumors of the threatened danger at Fort Dearborn had reached Fort Wayne. Capt. Wells stationed there was a brother of Mrs. Heald. He started with fifteen Miamis to the rescue, and arrived on August 14th, find- ing the garrison without hope of deliverance. Evacuation at any cost had now been determined upon. Starvation was the only alternative. Kinzie left his family in charge of some friendly Indians, and volunteered to accom- pany the troops. His influence with the savages was great, and it was hoped that his presence might prevent an attack. CHICAGO AS IT WAS. 2? The evacuation occurred on the morning of the 15th. It was a sad spec- tacle. As the inmates left the palisades they were preceded by the post band which played the Dead March. Not a man or a woman among them expected to reach Fort Wayne. All felt that their doom was sealed. Capt. Wells led the little band of Miamis which formed the van. He had black- ened his face in token, it is said, of his impending fate. The evacuating party consisted of the garrison, about sixty five men, officers included; the Miamis and leader, the wives and children of officers, soldiers and settlers about one hundred and twenly-five persons, all told. They took their route along the southern shore of the lake beach. This was skirted by a range of sand hills. To the west of these hills, or say from the line of the present State street inward was the prairie or swamp lands, dry in the month of August, 1812. Much to the alarm of the fugitives the Pottawatomies took the prairie on the west side of the sand hills, and followed them at a distance. They must have reached a point on the shore at the foot of the present Eighteenth street, when Capt. Wells, who had been riding in advance, came galloping back with the announcement, " They are about to attack us, form instantly and charge upon them." These words were echoed by a volley from the sand hills. The massacre had begun. ^ At the very first discharge of the enemies' muskets, Capt. Wells' band of Miamis fled precipitately, their chief following. The whites fought with all the courage and energy of desperation. Again and again, the attacks of the Pottawatomies were repulsed, with great losses on both sides. Ensign Ronan, mortally wounded and kneeling on the sand, loaded and fired with deadly precision until he fell exhausted. Kinzie and Capt. Wells were fighting like madmen to protect the women and children. While the whites were charging on a squad of Indians hidden in a ravine, a young Indian brute climbed into a baggage wagon in which were the chil- dren of the white families, twelve in number, and slaughtered every one of them. The number of whites had been reduced to twenty-eight. After hard fighting near the ravine the little band succeeded in breakingthrough the enemy and gaining a rising ground not far from the present Oakwoods, or between Thirty-Fifth and Fortieth streets. The contest now seemed hopeless, and Lieut. Helm sent Perish Leclere, a half-breed boy in the service of Kinzie, to propose terms of capitulation. It was stipulated that the lives of survivors should be spared, and a ransom permitted as soon as possible. It was then that the tidings of the massacre of the children reached Capt. Wells. "Is this their game," he cried, "butchering women and children. Then I will kill too ! " So saying he started for the Indian camp, where the Indians had left their squaws and children, pursued closely by Pottawatomies. He laid him- 28 GUIDE TO CHICAGO. self flat on the neck of his horse, loading and firing in that position, as fce would occasionally turn on his pursuers. At length his horse was killed under him, and he was seriously wounded. While a couple of friendly Indians were trying to drag him to a place of safety he was stabbed in the back and killed. It is said the Indians took out his heart and chopped it into little pieces. Mrs. Corbin, the soldier's wife, fought like a tigress and refused to surrender, although safety and kind treatment were promised her, and was finally cut to pieces. Sergeant Holt finding himself mortally wounded, gave his sword to his wife, who was on horseback, telling her to defend herself. She, too, was wounded by Indians, who endeav- ored to capture her alive. She fought with desperation, and finally breaking away, fled to the prairies. She was captured, however, but her bravery saved her life, and, after some months of captivity, was turned over to her friends. Mrs. Heald, who was wounded, was on the point of being scalped, when a friendly Indian saved her life. Kinzie escaped and his family was unmolested during the outbreak. Two-thirds of the evacuating party were massacred. The remainder were finally returned to freedom. Of course this event broke up the settlement at Chicago Portage. The fort was completely destroyed and the homes of the settlers were burned down. The place remained desolate until 1814, when the Government com- menced the rebuilding of Fort Dearborn. The new fort occupied the exact site of the one destroyed, and resembled it in construction. The government at this time also ordered a survey of the water-course between Chicago and the Illinois river. John Kinzie and family returned. The settlement began to fill up for the second time. Communi- cation was opened with towns and settlements in southern Illinois. The tide of emigration turned toward the West. The waste places were taken up rap- idly under the homestead act. Illinois was admitted to the Union in 1818. Chicago began to assume the appearance of a thrifty village, and from that time on, though interrupted now and'then by dreadful calamities, her course has been steadily upward and onward. These calamities, as well as all other events in her history, are noted under appropriate headings in the Encyclopedia of this work. [Engraved tor The Standard Guide Company.} THE GRANT STATUE, LINCOLN PARK. [See " Grant Statue."] PART II. CHICAGO AS IT IS. Chicago, Cook County, State of Illinois, United States of America, is the second city on the American continent in point of population and commerce. Among the cities of the civilized world, it is only outranked in population by London, Paris, New York, Vienna and Berlin, in the order named. The U. S. census, taken in June, 1890, placed the number of inhabitants at 1,098,576. The school census, taken at the same time, generally believed to be far more reliable, increased the number to 1,208,669. Since then new districts have been annexed to the city, and the former ratio of increase has been more than maintained, so that a conservative estimate of the population of Chicago, in the summer of 1892, brings the figures up to 1,300,000. The City of Chicago, incorporated March 4, 1837, comprised ' ' the district of country in the County of Cook, etc. , known as the east % of the south- west 1^ of section 33, township 40 north, range 14 east ; also the east J^ of sections 6, 7, 18 and 19, all of fractional section 3, and of sections 4, 5, 8, 9 and fractional section 10 (except the southwest fractional J^ thereof , occupied as a military post, until the same shall become private property), fractional section 15 ; sections 16, 17, 20, 21 and fractional section 22, township 39 north, range 14 east. " Since then there have been twelve extensions of the city limits. The rapid growth of Chicago has been an enigma to those who have not intelligently investigated the conditions which have led to it. In reality it hasonly kept pace with the country of which it is the natural commercial center. Situated as it is on the southwest shore of Lake Michigan, in 41 52' N. lat. and 87 52' W. long., 854 miles from Baltimore, the nearest point on the Atlantic seaboard, and 2,417 miles from the Pacific ocean, directly on the highways from East to West and from the Great Northwestern States to the Atlantic; having all the advantages of a seaport town combined with those of a great inland feeder, it is not to be wondered at that within the space of half a century it grew from a mere hamlet to the dimensions of a great metropolis. In 1837 the population of Chicago was 4,170. Ten years later it was 29 30 GUIDE TO CHICAGO. 16,859. In 1855 it had grown to 80,000. In 1860 it was 100,206. In 1866 it was 200,418. In 1870 it was 306,605. In 1880 it was 503,185. In 1886 it was 703,817. In 1889, Hyde Park, Lake, a part of Cicero, Jefferson and Lake View, outlying towns, which had in fact years before become parts of the city, were annexed, and the school census of that year gave the population of the city at 1,066,213. BANKING. Chicago in volume of banking business transacted ranks next to New York, although Boston usually occupies second place in the clearing-house column which is published by the papers. Boston has fifty-one banks that clear, while Chicago has but twenty-two, yet the Chicago banks relatively do more business than the Boston banks. The fact that the clearing-house figures apparently give Boston a larger business cuts no figure in actual facts. Chicago really is the second city of the country in financial affairs. I Clearances for 1891. The following were the monthly totals of clearings by the associated banks of this city for 1891: Month. 1891. 1890. January $ 315,552,663 $^96,038,598 February 293,2'<25,066 2:3,062,263 333,991,989 304,703,836 April . . . 347,709,049 323,624,385 May 391,093,736 374,969 955 374,708 913 358,607 984 July 362.129,768 350,804,127 August 361,884,577 342,118 026 September 398.157,726 359,984,613 October .. 421,521,165 405,679,992 401,965 054 36i 309 585 December 423,945,524 359,252,540 Total . $4,456,885,230 $4,093, H.>,904 Total 1889 3 379 925 189 Total 1888 3,163774,463 Total 1887 2,969,216,211 Total 1886 2,604,762,912 Clearances, Comparative. The following shows the bank clearings from 1866 to 1891 inclusive: 1879.... 1,257,756,124.31 1880 1,7~'5,684,894.85 1881 2,249,329,924.73 1882 2,393,437,874.35 1883 " 2,517.371,581.21 1884.' 2,259,680,391.74 1885 2,318,579,003.07 1886.' 2,604,762,912.35 1887 .... 2,969,216,210.60 1888. ' 3,163,774,462.68 1889...! 3,379,925,188.67 1890.. 4,093,145,904.00 1891 4,456,885,230.00 1866 8 453,798,648.11 1867 580,727,331.43 1868 723,293,144.91 1869 734,664,949.91 1870 810,676,036.28 1871 868,936,754.64 1872 993,060,503.47 1873.... 1,047,027,828.33 1874 1,101,347,918.41 1875... 1,212,8]', ,207.54 1876... 1,110,093,6?4.37 1877 1,044,678,475.70 1878... 967,184,093.07 CHICAGO AS IT IS. 31 Condition of State and National Banks. The following tables prepared from the last statements furnished by the State banks to the Auditor and the national banks to the Comptroller are matters of interest and pride to every Chicagoan, and clearly establish the financial precedence of Chicago over all competitors with the exception of New York. Deposits subject to check- $ 58 179 588 , 29 831,158 $88 000 726 15605907 15 605907 Time and demand certificates 4 604 687 5 118 008 9 722 695 To the credit of banks and bankers- National banks 50,961,740 4 238 461 55200201 $168 5''8 559 The capital, surplus and undivided profits of the national banks- Capital $21,298,680 9 378 950 Undivided profits 3,116,193 $34 793 823 State banks Capital 12,327,000 3,869,000 1 8H9 288 18 065 288 fotal , $ 52 859 111 There was not a single bank failure in Chicago during the year 1891. 'Since the panic of 1873 there have been fewer bank failures in Chicago than in any other large American city. BOARD OF TRADE TRANSACTIONS. The Chicago Board of Trade is a world -renowned commercial organization. Itexercisesawiderand a more potential influence over the welfare of mankind than any other institution of its kind in existence, for it practically regulates the traffic in breadstuffs the world over. Its transactions are of far more importance to humanity in general than are those of the Exchange of London, the Bourse of Paris, or the Stock Exchange of New York. The volume of business transacted on the floor of the Chicago Board of Trade annually is amazing; the fortunes made and lost within the walls of the great building every year astonish the world. The membership of the Board of Trade is about 2,000 nearly all young men, full of the genuine Chicago spirit of enterprise, pluck and perseverance. Notwithstanding the severe criticisms to which the methods of the Board have been subjected from time to time, the commercial honesty and personal integrity of the members are recognized everywhere. On the Board of Trade there is a code of moral ethics which can not be violated with impunity. The member who is not known to be GUIDE TO CHICAGO. commercially honorable, or whose word has once been broken, or who has been detected in a disreputable transaction, loses caste among his fellows and is shunned for all time. Men lose fortunes here because they risk them, not on a game of chance, but in a trial of judgment. The Board of Trade building is om of the architectural monuments of Chicago. (See "Board of Trade Building.") The volume of business done on the Chicago Board of Trade during the year 1891 was largely in excess of any previous year of its history. The grain and produce business of Chicago is transacted on the Board of Trade. The following exhibits will give the stranger an idea of the immensity of the business done: Barley Receipts and Shipments: The following table exhibits the receipts and shipments of barley in this market during the past twenty-two years: YEAR. RECEIVED BUSHELS. YEAR. SHIPPED BUSHELS. 1870 3335653 1870 2,584,692 1871 4 069 410 1871 2,908,113 1872 2,251,750 1872 5,032,308 1873 4240239 1873 3,366041 1874 4 354 981 1874 3,404,538 1875 3 107,279 1875 1,868,206 1876 4 716 360 1876 2,687 932 1877 4 990,370 1877 4,213,646 1878 5 754 059 1878 .... 3,520 983 1879 4,936,562 1879 3,566,401 1880 5 211,536 1880 4,110,985 1881 5 695 358 1881 3,113 251 18 S 2 6488 140 1882 3,298,252 1883 8 831 899 1883 4,643,011 1884 7,849,829 1884 4,095,500 1885 10,760,127 1885 5,523,003 1886 . . 12,511 953 1886 7,293,190 1887 12,170,402 1887 7,216,580 1888 12,387 526 1888 7,772,351 12,524,538 1889 8,138,109 1890 15,133,971 1890 9,470,221 1891 12.228,480 1891 7 58 I r 8 Exports of wlieat and flour. The exports of wheat and flour in wheat from all American ports monthly for four years were as follows: MONTHS. 1891. 1890. 1889. 1888. January 9,155,588 7,997,354 6,257,194 7,520,860 February 7,791,615 9,376,775 4,586,130 9,321,850 March 10,596,207 10,077,654 5,851,453 8,564,735 April 10,872,949 9,913,515 5,810,731 7 257216 May 10,240,120 8 864 636 6 830 122 6014 621 10,422,769 6,85 7 ,143 6 355,299 6 242 559 J u ly . 13,694,899 7 892 532 7 015 986 7 019 509 25,279,027 9 427 588 11 619,689 11 032046 September 24,655,698 5,418,185 8,192,149 10 029 359 19,610,040 7,571 682 9,363,535 7 759000 November * 20,101,989 7,077,941 8,408,064 5 344 036 December 21,000,000 9,613,685 11,627,50J 7,063450 CHICAGO AS IT IS. 33 Corn Receipts and Shipments: The following were the receipts and ship- ments of corn at Chicago during the past twenty-two years: YEAR. RECEIVED BUSHELS. YEAR. - SHIPPED BUSHELS. 1870 20,189,775 1870... 17,777 377 1871 41 853 138 1871 .-... 36 716 030 187 -) 47 366,087 1872 47 013 552 1873 38 157 232 1873 36 754 943 1874 35,799,638 1874 32,705 224 1875 28 341,150 1875 26 443 884 1876 48,668,640 1876 45 629 035 1877 47 915 728 1877 46 361 901 1878 63651,518 1878 59 914 200 1879 64,339,311 1879 61 299 376 1880 97,272,844 1880 93 572 934 1881 78,393,395 1881 75,463 213 1882 49,061,775 1882 49 073 609 1883 . . 74,412,319 1883 71,656' 508 1884 59,580,445 1884 53,274 050 1885 62,930,897 1885 58 805 567 1886 62,535,126 1886 56 363'781 1887 51,538,217 1887 50 443 992 1888 74,208 908 1888... 69 522 665 1889 79.920,691 1889 83 860 818 1890. 81,117,251 1890 90 556 139 1891 72,770,304 1891 66 578 300 Flour Receipts and /Shipments: The following table exhibits the receipts and shipments of flour at Chicago during the past twenty -two years : YEAR. RECEIPTS. BBLS. YEAR. SHIPMENTS. BBLS. 1870 .. 1,766,037 1,412,177 1,532,014 1,487,376 2,666,689 2,625,833 2,955,197 2,691,142 3,030,562 3,369,958 3,215,389 4,815,219 4,179,912 4,295,515 4,960,830 5,385.772 4,183,147 6,572,327 6,034,006 4,410,635 4,358,058 4,516,617 1870... 1,705,977 1,287,574 1,361,228 2,303,490 2,306,576 2,285,113 2,6 4,838 2,482,305 2,779,640 3,C 90,540 2,862,737 4,499,743 3,843,067 3,999,441 4,808,884 5,240,199 3.607,232 6,362,580 5,493,212 3.916.454 4,134,f86 4,048,129 1871 1871 1872 1872 1*73 1873 1874 *. 1874 1875 1875 1876 1876 1877 1877 1878 1878 1879 1879 1880 , 1881 1880 1881 . . . 1882 1882 1883 1883.. 1884 1884 1885 1885 1886 1886.. 1887 1887 1888 1888 1889 1889 1890 1890 1891 1891 .... Grain Exports. The shipments of grain in transit and export to Canadian ports during the year 1891 were 3,824,084 bushels of corn; 1,012,547 bushels of oats; 1,128,918 bushels of wheat; 1,526,015 bushels of rye; total 7,491,600 bushels. 34 GUIDE TO CHICAGO. Grain Inspection. The following shows the number of cars, boat-loads, and bushels of grain inspected on arrival in the city for the twelve months ending Oct. 31, 1891, and for the previous inspection year, also the out-inspec- tion for the same periods: INSPECTED IN INSPECTED OUT 1891. 1890. 1891. 1890. Cars, number 277,216 422 27,607,282 15,114,838 66,294,406 73,- ; 99 216 8,119,510 11,042,163 273,956 640 9,122,016 9,33:,784 94,991,620 74,605,342 3,065,129 13,378,080 Winter wheat, bushels.. Spring 1 wheat, bushels. . Corn bushels 23,127,995 8,048,566 41,218,563 14,161,975 5,573,6(17 2,079,177 4,108,468 4,090,471 57.285,534 16,839,843 1,666,253 1,753,839 Oats, bushels Rye, bushels Barley, bushels Grain Storage Capacity. The following table shows the regular grain warehouses of the city of Chicago at the present time. NAME OF ELEVATOR. PROPRIETORS. RECEIVE FROM CAPACITY BUSHELS. Central A 1 Central Elevator Co ... Dole & Co Chas.Counselman & Co. Congdon & Co City of Chicago Grain Elevators, limited ... National Elevator & Dock Co I.C.R.R C.B.&Q C. R. I. & P 1,000,000 1,500,000 1,250,000 800,000 1.500,000 1.800,000 1,200,000 1,250,000 1,000,000 700,000 700,000 400,000 900,000 1,000,1100 800,000 1,500,000 1,000,COO 1,000,000 1,500,000 1,500,000 1,000,000 175,000 1,100,000 500,000 1,500,000 2,000,000 700,000 Central B ( C B & Q. A "I do B do C \ do D 1 Rock Island A j- Rock Island B C.R. I.&P C. &N. W Galena "1 Air Line 1 Fulton.. 1 C. M. &St. P St. Paul \ City Union 1 W. St. P. &P... C. &N. W Chicago & St Li t R. R. & Canal Wabash 1 Chicago Elevator Co.. . . Chicago & Pacific Ele- C. M. &St. P Pacific B > 111. River Elevator Co. . G. A. Seaverns Canal R. R. & Canal Alton Alton B Santa Fe [ G. A. Seaverns Santa Fe Elevator Co. . . Armour Elevator Co. . . Illinois T. &S. Bank... A. T. & S. Fe R. R C. M. &St. P. R. R R. R. & Canal Armour Elevator Neeley's Elevator Total 28,675,000 CHICAGO AS IT IS. 35 &rain and Produce Receipts and Shipments. Following were the receipts and shipments of grain and produce for 1891, compared with 1890: RECEIVED. SHIPPED. 1891. - 1890. 1891. 1890. 4,516,617 42,931,'458 72,770,304 74,402,413 9,164,198 12,228,480 68,166,240 11,120,138 20,685,354 206,898,960 41,744 105,061,775 2,400 13,970 74,021,945 63,922,939 127,765,048 110,891,894 35,049,664 5,201,633 1,345,573 192,3f8 4,358,058 14,248,770 91,387,754 75,1. -.0,239 3520,608 19,401,489 72,086,100 6,642,905 14,524,233 300,198,241 36,324 109,704,834 2,702 77.985 147,475,267 67,338,590 140,548,850 103,743,421 22,28 1,S 70 4,737,384 1,412,550 170,563 4,048,129 38.990,169 66,578,300 68,772,714 7,572,991 7,858,108 55,148,971 9,990,798 15,750,529 751,684,t-62 1,253,480 877,295,885 138,074 278,553 362,109,099 50,204,235 140,737,620 198,571,824 57,189,777 8 : 0,S63 835,069 28,935 4,134,586 11,975,275 90,574,378 70,768,222 3,280,438 9,470,971 59,213,036 6,594,581 15,395,873 823,801,460 1,767.650 964,134,897 145,897 392,786 471,910,128 53,b29,885 156,6 8,837 199,083,622 39,006,263 724,109 957,310 19,378 Wheat, bushels Corn, bushels Oats bushels Rye, bushels Grass seed, pounds Flaxseed, bushels Broom-corn, pounds Cured meats, pounds Dressed beef, pounds Beef packages Pork, barrels Cheese, pounds Wool, pounds Coal, tons Salt, barrels Hay, tons Hogs and Cattle Slaughtered in 1890. In Chicago, during 1890, 2,219,312 cattle and 5,733,082 hogs were slaughtered, against, respectively, 1,763,310 and 4,211,766 in the previous year. Received in 189J.Ther ceipts of hogs in 1891 were over 8,600,000, nearly a million more than were received in 1890, the previous banner year. Live Stock Transactions. The following is an exhibit of the business transacted at the Union Stock Yards, in this city, during the year 1891, as compared with the transactions of the year 1890: RECEIPTS FOR 1891. CATTLE. CALVES. HOGS. SHEEP. HORSES. January 274,379 7,490 1,068,260 205,132 818 February 223,4*3 6,012 933,873 175.217 12,198 March 24,886 8,336 g61,902 26.-i,350 11,867 April 201,168 10,403 523,f28 208,i>24 10,153 May. 220,683 13,440 569,115 185,881 9,871 June 235,618 26,782 571,421 167,581 6,926 July ... 288,983 28,292 468,497 169,793 5,213 August 260,765 2i,ai7 394,499 160,399 5,605 September 3a8,223 31,398 456,584 187,545 7,183 October 3T2,:8 26,127 654,999 191,473 8,091 November 290,256 16,971 1,(8,396 140,509 6.209 December 281,237 7.776 1,068,702 155,723 4,063 Total 3,250,3; 9 285,383 8,600,865 2,153,537 94,396 To bring the stock to the yards, 304,706 cars were needed. The abovt receipts show that Chicago, notwithstanding the establishment of great stock yards in cities to the west of us, still leads in the live-stock business. 36 GUIDE TO CHICAGO. RECEIPTS FOR 1890. CATTLE. CALVES. HOGS. SHEEP. HORSES. January 283,356 6,278 807,798 165 973 6261 232,796 > 5,028 563836 153 453 9 398 246,592 6,288 634 086 171 495 12 9'*7 April 259,747 11,131 467 599 191 260 11 459 May 299,090 9,767 537 977 172 82 1 11 037 June 284,037 19,909 601,076 181 406 9020 July .., 328,2rfO 26,425 612,355 143,958 7,574 August 294,433 21,939 674,207 185 174 8081 September 332,706 24,952 618,337 218,7t,4 8061 October 382,098 21,555 146,344 219 107 7 064 November 263,511 13,125 878,992 163 361 6 019 December 277,684 8,631 821,221 195,844 4625 Total 3,484,280 175,025 7,663,828 2,182,667 101,566 SHIPMENTS FOR 1891. CATTLE. CALVES. HOGS. SHEEP. HORSES. January 93,046 3,944 232,048 88,420 7,379 February 87,980 2,359 328,463 65,866 12,007 March .... 96,258 958 380,893 60,312 10,760 April 70,031 529 292,548 91,135 9,636 May 76,756 394 278,269 67,567 8,747 June 67,943 5,808 254,364 53,239 6,534 July 83,454 5,699 223,712 44,909 4,700 August 88,162 4,826 176,368 43,798 4,865 September 114,480 " 3729 200,097 47.653 6,494 October 109,958 7,735 217,662 25,684 7,434 November 85,760 5,398 179,821 25,774 4,784 December 92,936 2,969 189,869 34,512 3,933 Totals 1,066,264 48,331 2,902,514 688,205 82,773 SHIPMENTS FOR 1890. CATTLE. CALVES. HOGS. SHEEP. HORSES. January . 124315 2 ()62 141 746 68 922 5 635 February 112675 1 469 227 987 68 747 8 872 March 119213 702 211 022 75 474 12335 April 131,249 1 053 143 131 64 639 10,425 May. . 139 888 653 121 903 59 554 10611 June 86,976 5 476 128 841 85 401 8,350 July 107 016 7 457 158 612 40 620 6fc03 August. ... . 100284 10 539 157 6 i:> 3 99 962 7431 September 106,234 11 682 191 797 107,572 7,356 October 108,195 11,018 214 170 96,675 6,402 November 74446 5 531 157 826 63 8H1 5,803 December 85,818 3819 132 022 78,416 4,339 Totals 1,260,309 61 466 1 985 700 929854 94,362 2 O 3 3 H " n n D. 3 < { 3 O - S X O - p) S. ^ po a 1/3 n H < 70 CHICAGO AS IT IS. Produce Receipts and Shipments for Two Tears. The following table exhibits the receipts and shipments of flour, grain, live stock and produce at Chicago for the past two years: RECEIVED . SHIPPED. ARTICLES. 1891. 1890. 1891. 1890. Flour barrels 4,516,617 43,931,^58 72,770,304 74,402,413 9,164,198 12,^28,480 68,166,240 11,120,138 20,685,354 206,898,960 41,744 105,061,775 2,460 13,970 74,021,945 63,932,939 127,765,048 9,901 8,683,195 3,271,585 2,164,464 110,891,894 35,049,664 5,201,633 2,045,418 303,895 1,345,573 192,3(18 4,358,058 14,248,770 91,387,754 75,150,249 3.520,508 19,401,489 72,086,100 6,612,905 14,524,233 200,198,241 36,324 109,704,884 2,702 77,985 147,475,267 67,338,590 110,548,850 14,207 7,6j3,828 3,414,280 2,182,667 103,743,421 22,281,570 4,737,384 1,941 392 515,575 1,412,550. 170,562 4,048,129 38.990,169 ('6,578,300 68,772,714 7,572,091 7,858,108 5^,148,971 9,990,798 15,750,529 751,684,^62 1,253,480 877,295,885 138,074 278,553 362,109,199 50,204,235 140,737,620 121,96. 2,967,775 ,1,'7',200 693,210 198,571,824 57,189,777 83 ,63 865,949 99,855 835,(9 28,935 4,134,586 11,975,276 90,574,379 70,768,222 3,280,433 9,470,971 59,213,036 6,594,581 15,395,873 823,801,460 1,767,654 964,134,807 145,890 392,786 471,910,128 53,F29,,85 156,6' 8,837 148,859 1,985,700 1,' 60,309 1,252,873 199,083,6 2 39,006,263 724,019 S12.655 108,822 957,310 19,373 Corn, bushels Oats bushels Rye, bushels Barley, bushels Grass seed, 'pounds .... Flaxseed, bushels Broom-corn, pounds Cured meats, pounds Dressed beef, pounds Beef, packages Pork, barrels Lard pounds Cheese, pounds Butter pounds .... Drerssed hogs, No Live hogs, No Cattle, No Sheep, No Hides, pounds Wool, pounds Coal, tons Lumbe r, M Shingles, M Salt, barrels Hay, tons Railroad Live Stock Transactions. Chicago, during the quarantine year beginning February 15 and ending November 30, 1891, received 576,993 cattleand 78.383 calves in Texas division, against 540,962 cattle and 65,81 1 calves in 1890. Receipts the past year were brought in by nine railroads, as follows : Chicago & Alton, 189,275 cattle, 37,522 calves; Wabash, 129,907 cattle, 18,135 calves; Chicago, Burlington & Quincy, 105,382 cattle, 11,739 calves; Santa Fe, 64,08 cattle, 5,814 calves ; Illinois Central, 31,376 cattle, 3,998 calves ; Chicago, Rock Island & Pacific, 28,754 cattle, 141 calves ; Chicago. Milwaukee* St. Paul, 20,220 cattle, 1,034 calves; Chicago, St. Paul & Kansas City, 7,643 cattle ; C. & E. I., 350 cattle. Cattle averaged 24.6 and calves 85 to the car. About 111,000 head of Texas cattle were received out- side of the quarantine district during 1891. Combined receipts of Texas and Western range cattle for 1891 were 1,959,530, being about a third of the entire receipts. The number of rangers was 173,000 larger than in 1890, while the arrivals of native cattle were 418,- 000 smaller than in 1890. From July 6 to November 20, 1891, the Home Land and Cattle Company marketed 14,000 Montana-Texas cattle in Chicago that averaged about 1,190 pounds. The first shipment sold at $4.75 and the second lot at $5.25 ; July 27 some sold at $4.40 ; July 29, at $4.30 ; August 5, at $3 60 ; Aug. 10, at $3.75 ; Aug. 17, at $3.50 ; Sept. 4, at $4.35 ; September 11, at $4.25 ; Sept. 38 GUIDE TO CHICAGO. 18, at $3.40 ; Sept. 21, at $3.95, Sept. 28, at $3.10; October 26, at $3.50; Nov. 2, at $3 ; Nov. 7, at $2.90 ; Nov. 11, at $3.30 ; and the last shipment, Nov. 20, at $3.20, which gives a general idea of the course of values for Western rangers during the past season. Only one lot of Texas cattle sold last April above $5.25. The $5.75 bunch was for some grade-Hereford Texas, averaging 1,060 Ibs During 1891 Kansas City received 1,272,600 cattle, 76,710 calves, 2, 599,- 200 hogs, 387,000 sheep, and 32,000 horses, showing a decrease of 203,000 cattle, 200 calves, 276,000 hogs, 151,000 sheep, and 5,300 horses, compared with arrivals for 1890. South Omaha received 601.600 cattle, 1,538,000 hogs, 175,200 sheep, and 8,960 horses during 1891 ; showing a decrease of 17,200 cattle and 182,000 hogs, and an increase of 19,400 sheep and 3,900 horses, compared with arrivals for 1890. Provision Storage Warehouses. The list of regular provision warehouse is as follows: TheAllerton Packing Co. ; The Anglo-American Packing Co. ; Armour & Co.; John Cudahy; Chicago Dock Co.; Cyrus Dupee; H. M. Dupee; Henry D. Gilbert & Co. ; International Packing Co. ; Jones & Stiles; Hately Brothers; Thomas J. Lipton; John Morrell & Co., Ltd.;Moran& Healy;MichenerBros. &Co. ; Swift & Co. ; The Stock Yards Warehouse Co. ; Underwood & Co. ; J. H. Winterbotham & Co.; The W. H. Silberhorn Co.; The T. E. Wells Co.; The North American Provision Co.; The Chicago Packing and Provision Co. Rye Receipts and Shipments. The following were the receipts and ship- ments of rye in this market for the past twenty -two years. YEAR Received, Bushels. YEAR. Received, Bushels. YEAR. Shipped, Bushels. YEAR. Shipped, Bushels. 1870.. 1,093,403 1881. 1,363,552 1870.. 913,627 1881. 1,104,452 1871 2,011,788 1882. 1,934,516 1871.. 1,325,685 1882. 1,773,148 1872 . 1,129,086 1883. 5,484,259 1872 776,805 1883. 3,838,557 1873. 1,189,464 1884. 6,327,516 1873.. 960,613 1884. 4,365,745 1874. 781,181 1885. 1,892,760 1874.. 335,077 1885. 1,216,961 1875. 699,583 1886 936,547 1875 . . 310,592 1886. 817,553 1876. 1,447.917 1887. 847,009 1876 . . 1,433,9T6 1887. 690,830 1877. 1,728,865 1888. 2,767,571 1877 . 1,553,374 1888. 1,744,380 1878. 2,490,615 1889. 2,605,984 1878. 2,025,654 1889. 2,801,366 1879. 4,497,340 1890. 3,520.508 1879.. 2,234,363 1890. 3,274,382 1880. . 1,869,218 1891. 9,164,198 1880.. 1,365,162 1891. 7,572,991 CHICAGO AS IT IS. 39 Speculative Business of the Board. The increase in speculative business on the board is indicated by the annual reports for the last two years of the Chicago Board of Trade clearing-house. The monthly and total clearings and balances for 1891 were as follows : DATE. CLEARINGS. BALANCES. $ 5,388,70750 $ 1,827,504 54 4,869,450 00 1,761,682 52 11,001,201 50 3,246,496 08 11,955,19625 3,751,432 41 May 1 ',480,938 50 3,763,091 79 9,929,196 25 2,938,934 28 [nlV 8,978,752 59 2,592,51561 13,23x J ,350 ( 4,240,611 20 8,202,817 17 2,444,963 09 6,064,626 26 1,911,967 87 5,131,76875 1,810,142 53 December i 5,848,425 00 2,141,486 65 Totals . $104,083,52967 $32,480,827 57 Total balances for 1890 were reported at $28.190,093.56, against $18,763,- 093.56 in 1889, and $30,153,835.15 for 1888. The clearings in 1890 were more than $31,000,000 greater than in 1889. The clearings of 1891 exceeded those of 1890 by over $18,000,000. CLIMATE OF CHICAGO. The climate of Chicago is healthful and beautiful, though the weather sometimes goes to extremes in summer and winter. The air is cool and bracing through most of the summer, and hot nights are very rare. Many thoughtful persons attribute the wonderful growth of the city to the stimulating atmosphere which arouses all the latent energy in the human system, and makes possible the hard mental and physical labor of the people. The mean barometric pressure during a period of ten years was discovered by the United States signal office to have been 29,303 inches ; the mean an- nual temperature 40. 06, the mean annual precipitation 36.64 inches and the mean annual humidity of the air 70.9, 100 representing complete saturation. The maximum annual precipitation averaged about 46 inches during this period. The highest mean temperature was 51.40, the lowest 45.42. Al- though the mercury reaches the nineties in the summer at times, and falls below zero in winter, this is rarely the case. In winter the cold is tempered by the lake, and extremely severe weather seldom continues longer than a week at a time. Mean Temperature. The meau temperature of Chicago for 1891, as ob- served by the United States Signal office, was as follows : January, 30.2 ; February, 28.6 ; March, 30.6 ; April, 47.0 ; May, 53.4 ; June, 65.7 ; July, 67.0 ; August, 69.0 ; September, 69.0 ; October, 52.6 ; November, 33.8 ; December, 35.4. 40 GUIDE TO CHICAGO. Excessive Precipitation at Chicago. Statement showing dates of excessive precipitation at Chicago, from October, 1871, to December, 1891, inclusive, with the duration and rate of fall : DATES. Fall equaling or ex- ceeding the rate of 1 inch per hour. Fall of 2.50 inches or more in twenty- four hours. AMOUNT. DURATION. AMOUNT. DURATION December September May August September January June October July May July November November March June August August May July July August July July July July September August 22-23, 28-29, 1-2, 15, 9-10, 18, 8, 19-20, 25-36, 25, 6-7, 11-12, 5-6, 25-26, 1-2, 2-3, 23-24, 28, 3, 31, 2, 3, 12 18-19', 27, 4, 14, 1871 H. M. 2.50 2.70 2.82 H. M. 23 30 18 45 24 00 1872 1873 1875 1.00 1 00 1875 3.50 23 50 1876 1.00 0.84 1 00 30 1876 1877 2.55 4M4 2.77 3.32 3.38 3.39 3.26 3.34 5.90 2 95 24 00 13 40 23 00 23 30 24 00 24 00 21 f)5 8 (13 24 00 24 00 1878 1879 1879 1881 1883 1884 1885 1885 1885 1888 . 0.75 75 1.00 67 0.28 0.25 1.55 4.02 0.25 1.00 19 23 1 00 33 10 10 35 3 34 10 34 1888 1888 1888 1889 1889 1889 1889 4.02 3 34 1889 189H COMMERCE OF CHICAGO. The Commerce of Chicago has grown in volume from a total of $20,000,- 000 in 1850 to a total of $1,459,000,000 in 1891. The increase in the trade of the city from year to year during the period named is shown by the following table. The figures in the twentieth line are for the twelve months from October 11, 1871, to October 11, 1872, the series having been interrupted by the great tire YEAR. IN CURRENCY. IN GOLD. YEAR. IN CURRKNCY. IN GOLD. 1891 tl,4"9 000,000 $ 1 459 flOO 000 1890 $ 1,380,000.000 gi'sso'ooo'orio 1878 655 000 000 650 000 000 1889 1,177,000,000 1 177 000 OCO 1877 ,'.'. 621\500'000 695 000 000 1888 1,125,000,000 1 125 000 000 1876 652 OOO'OOO 587 000 000 1887 1,103,000,000 1 103 000 OCO 1875 657 000 000 666 000 000 1886 997,000,000 997 000 000 18 H 639000 000 575 000 000 1885 959,000 000 959 OOo'oOO 1873 59(5 000 ! 514 000 f(X) 1884 933 000 000 933 000 000 1871 '72 490 000 000 437 000 000 1883 ],050,000,'000 i oso'ooo'ooo 1870 439'oOf'oOO 377 000 000 ]882 1,045,000,000 1 045 000 000 1869 450 DOO 000 333 ! )0 000 1881 1,015,000,000 1 015 000 000 3868 434 000 000 310 000 000 1880 900,000,000 900 000 000 I860 97 000 000 97 000 000 1879 764,000 000 764 OOt/000 1850 20 000 OCO 20 000 000 CHICAGO AS IT IS. 41 These figures were prepared by the commercial and financial writers of The Chicago Tribune, men who have been careful students of the commerce of Chicago for years, and maybe depended upon implicitly. [See "Bank- ing" "Board of Trade Transactions," "Manufactures," "Maritime Inter- ests," etc., in their proper alphabetical order.] Internal Revenue Receipts. The following shows the total receipts of the United States Internal Revenue office in this city for each month of 1890 and 1891: MONTHS. 1890. 189'.. STAMPS SOLD. January. . . . February . . . $ 809,242.21 859,832.51 915,152.48 ft 1,056,140.22 1,021,733.48 1,10 ,497.97 Beer stamps sold .$2,232,351 31 1,05,998 62 1 160,952.09 Spirit stamps sold 7.709 233 9 1,232,204.52 1 074,941.95 Cigar stamps sold 529,468 11 June 1,047,960 71 1,017,869.22 Snuff stamps sold 12,386.07 July 1.158,308.27 1,161,310.18 974,024.06 953,144.18 Tobacco stamps sold Cigarette stamps sold . 413,223.39 1,548 9i September... October 1,182, 95.28 l,363,fi'28,64 99t*,898.06 879,726.41 Oleomargarine stamps sold . Special stamps sold 666,2 3.74 422 480 10 November . . . December 1,253,194.65 1,311,670.26 878,547 19 1,006,734.54 Totals $ 13,518,891,33 $12,727,359.99 Lumber Trade of Chicago". The lumber trade in Chicago during 1891 assumed proportions not equaled in any former year. The amount of white pine lumber consumed during 1891 exceeded by two hundred million feet that of any previous year. It is estimated that there was consumed in 1891, 100.- 000,000 feet more than in 1890, which is largely due to the consumption of lumber at the World's Fair, at which a close estimate places the number of feet to be 50,000,000. The exact receipts of white lumber up to December 19, 1891, were 2,025.817,000 feet ; shingles 295,804.000. The receipts of 1890 were 1,985,135,000 feet of lumber; showing a difference of 180,682,000 in favor of 1891, while the shingles received in 1890, were 308,875,000 greater than in 1891, or in round numbers 504,680,000. While the receipts in 1891 were not as large as those in 1888, yet more lumber was handled and sold. Output of Chicago Breweries. The output of the Chicago breweries for 1891 was 3,000,000 barrels. It was the most prosperous year in the history of the brewing business of this city. COUNTY ORGANIZATION. The government of Cook county, Illinois, is vested in a Board of County Commissioners, consisting of fourteen members, elected for four years, half of whom retire biennially. The salaries of these commissioners amounted to $33,551 for 1892. The presiding officer is elected from their num- 42 GUIDE TO CHICAGO. ber. The Board has the direction and control of all county officers, collects through the County Treasurer the revenues of the county, and appropriates money for the maintenances of the courts, jail, insane asylum, poor-house, county hospital, court-house building, sheriff's office, county clerk's office, coroner's office, etc., and has general supervision of county highways, bridges, etc. The County Board is entirely independent of the City Council, although the jurisdiction of the latter extends over a large portion of the county, included within the corporate limits : Cook County Court House. Occupies the entire east half of block, bounded by Washington, Dearborn, La Salle and Clark sts., in the center of the business district of the South side, the west half being occupied by the City Hall. This magnificent pile was erected in 1876-77 at a cost of about $3,000,000, and is one of the handsomest public buildings in the county. It is at present four stories in height, and two additional stories are to be added during the present year at a cost of $275,000. [See "Guide."] In this building are located the County, Probate and various Circuit and Superior courts, the Law Library, and all the County offices, except that of the State's (or prosecuting) attorney which is located in the Criminal Court building, North side. Coroners' Inquests. The report of the Coroner of Cook County for the year 1891 contains the following facts: He was called upon to inquire into the deaths of 1,938 persons. Of that number 399 death certificates were issued showing that no inquest was necessary. Of the remainder of the deaths, 323 were caused by the railroads of the county. Ninety-seven of that number were citizens killed at the dangerous grade crossings; fifty -nine were employes of the roads and were killed in the performance of duty; twenty-seven were passengers who met death in wrecks; fifteen fell from moving trains; 122 weie killed while walking on the tracks; twenty-three in attempting to jump from a moving train, and one in a manner unknown. Twelve hundred and fifteen of the cases were males and 284 females; 1,469 were white and only thirty colored. Most of the victims, 438 were laborers; the next classes represented being housewives and mechanics, of whom there were 111 each. The causes of death and the number of victims are as follows: Natural causes, 63; heart disease, 58; suicide^ 270; drowned, 145; fell from buildings, 59; con- sumption, 3; exposure, 3, fell from wagon, 40; fell from scaffold, 47; apo- plexy, 5; poibon accidental, 18; railroad accidents, 323; abortion, 6; infanti- cide, 8; hemorrhage of lungs,!; fell from stairs, 23; elevator accidents, 24; street car accidents, 14 grip accidents, 28; convulsions, 8; burns and scalds, 70; old age and debility, 2; asphyxiation, 48; machinery accidents, 51; homi- cide, 60; shot accidentally, 15; run over by wagon, 37; intemperance, 17; pneumonia, 6; falling timber, 1; boiler explosion, 10; suffocation, 15; shot (self defense), 5; sunstroke, 3; fell from horse, 1; kicked by horse, 4; struck by lightning, 1; burned in private building, 11; manhole explosion, 1; total, 1,499. Of the 270 suicides 198 were married and 72 single; 85 were Ameri- cans, the Germans coming next with 84. More suicides were committed in August than in any other month, there being 29, while November had the smallest number, 17. The favorite mode of taking lif was by poison, and the favorite poison was morphine, 29 of the 94 poisoning cases being by the "morphine route." Of the 270 suicides, 41 were adjudged insane, 85 were CHICAGO AS IT IS. 43 actuated by despondency and 23, so said the jurors, were caused by domestic infelicity. Two hundred of the cases of suicide were male. Thirteen were persons between ten and twenty years old, 69 between twenty and thirty years, 65 between thirty and forty years, 62 between forty and fifty years, 25 between sixty and seventy years, and 8 between seventy and eighty years. There was one over eighty. Seventy-one persons were held to the grand jury at inquests. County Insane Asylum. Located at Dunning, a suburb of Chicago. Take train at Union depot, Canal and Adams streets. This institution is a large and costly structure, surrounded by spacious grounds, far enough removed from the city to make the location a quiet and healthful one. Numerous additions in the way of cottage- wards have been made to relieve the over-crowded condition of the main building. The current expenses of 1891 were: salaries, $44,111.68; supplies, repairs, etc., $112,006.87. During 1891, 516 were admitted, 238 discharged; 364 were transferred to State Hospitals for the insane ; 127 died. The daily average under treatment in 1891 was 983. In his annual report for 1890 the Superintendent of the Insti- tution made the following remarkable and cheerful statement regarding the insane and the prospects of their recovery. "I would here call attention to a fact, and that is where those that are insane are placed under proper treat- ment in well-arranged hospitals within the first three months of the inception of the disease the chances for recovery are ?bout as good as from any serious bodily ailment. The average of cures when this class of disease i.3 thus treated will range as high as 60, 65 and even 70 in 100." County Jail. Situated in the rear of the Criminal Court building, Michigan st., between Clark st. and Dearborn ave., North Side. Entrance from Michigan street. Visitors admitted by permission of the sheriff. The jail, like the Criminal Court building, has long since ceased to rreet the demands made upon it by the extraordinary growth of the city, and the con- sequent and natural increase in the number of criminals. It is an old- fashioned prison, built after the manner of the jails constructed in the'early years of the present century. It lacks every modern improvement, and will, doubtless, soon be replaced by a much larger and a better structure. The jail is connected with the criminal court building by a " bridge of sighs," over which the culprits pass for trial and after conviction. Aside from this entrance, which is never used except by deputy sheriffs and jailers in dis- charge of their duties, there is but one entrance, and that is up a narrow flight of steps leading from the open court between the two buildings. At the head of these steps is a double iron gate, where stands the outer turnkey. If he admits you, you find yourself in the jail office. On one side, as you face the prison entrance, is the head-jailer's- room ; on the other, the office of the jail clerk. Before going farther, you must have a permit. If you secure it, you are admitted into the "Cage," an iron-bound arrangement covered with several thicknesses of wire netting, through the meshes of which you can hardly poke your finger. If you wish to see a prisoner, he is called, and you must talk to him through this netting. Here it was that the " Tiger Anarchist " Lingg received from his sweetheart the dynamite cart- ridge which he exploded in his mouth, killing himself, the day before that set for his execution. As you look straight in front of you, with your back to the j tiler's door, you will see the cell in which the suicide occurred. It is 44 GUIDE TO CHICAGO. on the ground floor. Along the same line of cells the Anarchists were con- fined. Just above, on the next balcony, is ' ' Murderers' Row," from which a number of unfortunates have gone forth during the past twenty years to find the gallows waiting for them on the other side of the cell building. The cell balconies, just as you see them before you, four in number, run all around this interior building. At the northeast corner of the cell building, the gallows is always erected, and here the Anarchists were hanged. [See " Haymarket Massacre."] There is nothing of interest to be seen inside the jail, unless you have a morbid desire to witness the pale, hopeless faces of the prisoners. There are four departments: Men's, Women's Boys' and Debtors'. County Poor House. Located at Dunning, a suburb of Chicago. Take train at Union depot, Canal and Adams streets. This institution is not remarkable in any sense, save as the home of the most wretched class of paupers of the county. It was conducted at an expense of $23,397 for salaries, and $86,419.79 for supplies, repairs, etc., last year. The second item also includes expenses of the County Poor Farm. Cost of County Officers. The following were the estimated and actual receipts of county officers, over and above their own salaries, for 1890: COUNTY OFFICERS. Estimated Receipts for 5fear. Actual Receipts 6 ms. June 1. County Treasurer $210,000 00 $ 5,641 15 175,000 00 92,025 92 County Clerk and Clerk County Court 122,000 00 58,432 47 40,000 00 27,000 55 Clerk Circuit Court 55,000 00 32,9aO 70 Clerk Superior Court 40,000 00 20,689 75 Sheriff 25,000 00 14,09" 72 Clerk Criminal Court 1,029 80 Total $667,000 00 $251,850 00 Detention Hospital for the Insane. New building corner of Wood and Polk streets, West Side. Take Ogden avenue cable line. The accommoda- tions for those awaiting action of the court on their sanity are much improved here. Expenses of Cook County. Following are the estimated receipts and ex- penses of Cook county (in which Chicago is situated) for the year 1892. They are upon a basisof avaluationof taxable property to the amount of $282,676,- 167, of which $223,859,166 is forreal estate, $48,795,740 for personal properly md $15,021,261 for railroad property, The total amount admits of reccip s from the tax levy at 75 cents on $100 of $2,121,075.25, of which the amount ti; CHICAGO AS IT IS. 45 o $1,902,071. 25 is available for county purposes, among the various county institutions as follows : This Is to be distributed Institutions, Etc. Salaries. Supplies, Etc. Hospital $ 62 756 $130.000 Institutions at Dunning 1 15 580 240,000 Insane Asylum - 55,257 Poor House 23 397 Sheriff's Office 219 340 60,000 Clerk of Criminal Court 29,750 2,000 County Agent . 25 000 90,0 Coroner 19 000 1,000 County Board 33 251 Comptroller 12,720 8,000 Public Service ... 11 230 4,000 State's Attorney .... . . 22,400 5,000 County Attorney 6,160 10,0 Superintendent of Schools 4,100 1.5 Normal School 25,000 li.OOO County Physician and Detention Hospital 7,580 7,000 County Clerk . 14 500 Treasurer 6,000 Recorder . 12,00) Clerk Circuit Court 7.500 Clerk Superior Court 7,500 Clerk Probate Court .. . ........ 4.500 Election Expenses 50,000 Total... 8624.521 $6 19.500 The total amount of the tax levy is to be appropriated as follows : Salaries and election expenses $ 624,521.00 I Contingent fund $ 67,475.25 Supplies, repairs, etc 6:9,500,00 | Building purposes 400,000 00 Interest and principal on debt. . . 219,000.00 Miscellaneous purposes 190,575.00 Total $2,121,071.25 The estimated receipts from county officers, over and above the salaries to be paid out of these receipts, are about as follows : County treasurer $265,000 ' Clerk Circuit Court 90,000 Recorder 225,000 | Clerk Superior Court 70,000 County Clerk 175,"00 Clerk Probate Court 80,UOO Clerk Crim;nal Court 2,000 It is proposed to pay out of these resources, which are outside the tax levy, the following salaries and expenses : Sheriff 25,000 Total... $932,000 Jurors and witness fees, etc . . $150,000 Judges County and Probate courts 17,000 Judges Circuit and Superior courts 63,000 County treasurer 183,972 Recorder 173,830 County clerk 147,522 Clerk Circuit Court 46,956 Clerk Superior Court 37,000 Clerk Probate Court 48320 Total $867,600 The synopsis of these figures show that if the expenses are kept within the estimates there ought to be a surplus of $64,400 to the credit of the county at the end of the present year. Expenses of Cook County in Detail. The County Hospital will cost only $192,756 for 1892. The pay-roll contains 141 employes, besides training school nurses in twelve wards. The salary list is estimated at $62,756, and the amount required for supplies and repairs" is put at $130,000. The sala- ries range from $160 to $15 per month. 46 GUIDE TO CHICAGO. v It will cost $255,580 to run the office of general superintendent of the county institutions at Dunning, of which $240,000 is for supplies and $15,580 for the salary list, including twenty-nine employes. The general superintend- ent gets $208 a month and the stenographers $25 each. The regular pay-roll of the Insane Asylum is to include forty-two names outside of the attendants. The estimate provides for eighty-four regular attendants at $30 a month each, and seventeen extra attendants, when required, at the same figure. The total salary list is $55,257. The poorhouse salary list is not half so large. There are sixty -five employes provided for at an expense of $23,397. In both the asylum and the poorhouse there is a graduated scale of wages for nurses and attendants, reaching a maximum of $25 for poorhouse nurses and of $30 for asylum attendants, after six months' service. The sheriff's office next receives attention. There are 177 employes said to be needed to run thisoffice, at acos of $196,740. The chief deputy receives $208 a month and the chief clerk and jailer $166 each. Twenty-four deputies, nineteen at $150 and five county deputies at $125 a month, draw $41,700 this year, while twenty-five bailiffs of the Criminal Court and thirty-eight bailiffs of the other courts, at $100 a month each, will receive $75,000 by next New Year's. Additional help allowed by the court for this year brings the total salary list of the Sheriff's office up to $219,340. The supplies for the Court-House, Jail and Criminal Court Building will, it is estimated, cost $60,000. The office of Clerk of the Criminal Court will cost $2,000 for supplies and repairs and $29,750 for salaries of twenty-two men. The salary list of the County Agent's office is placed at $25,000, and the amount needed for repairs and supplies at $90,000. The Coroner's salary list is made $19,000, and the supply and repair account $1,000. The County Board salary list is fixed at $33,251. For the County Comptroller's office the salary list is $12,720, and supplies for Comptroller and County Board $8,000. The office of Superintendent of Public Si-rvice will cost $11,230 in salaries and $4,000 for supplies, repairs and adveitisiog. The State's- Attorney's office salary list is $22,400, divided am- ng the State's- Attorney, five assistants and a stenographer. The sum of $5,000 is provided for supplies. The salary list of the County Attorney's office is placed at $6,160 and the supply and repair account at $10,000. For the County Superintendent of School's office $4,100 is allowed for salaries and $1,500 for repairs. The Normal School salary list is put at $25,000 and supplies and repairs, $11,000. For County Physician and Deten- tion Hospital $7,580 is expected to be needed in salaries and 7,000 in supplies and repairs. Judiciary of Cook County. There is one county, one probate and eighteen judges of the Superior and Circuit Courts. For cost of same see " Expenses of Cook County." Taxable Valuation of Cook County Property. The total valuation of all the taxable property in Cook County is $282,676,167. The total real estate valuation aggregates $223,859,166 ; personal property, $48,795,740 ; railroad property, $15,021,261. CHICAGO AS IT IS. 47 ELEEMOSYNARY SUPPORT. The city of Chicago supports entire or aids in the maintenance of several eleemosynary institutions, charities and pension funds, as follows: Erring Woman's Refuge for Reform. Receives a percentage of certain fines imposed in police courts, according to act of the general assembly, approved March 31, 1869. Firemen's Pension Fund. This fund receives 1 per centum of all reve- nues collected or received frora Moenses issued during each year, according to an act of the general assembly , approved May 13, 1887, in force July 1, 1887, House of the Good Shepherd. This institution also receives a per centum of certain fines imposed by the police courts, according to act of the general assembly, approved March 31, 1869. Illinois Humane Society. This society is entitled to fines collected through the agency of the organization, for the prevention of cruelty to animals, according to an act of the general assembly, approved June 28, 1885, in force July 1, 1885. Police Pension Fund. This fund receives 2 per centum of all moneys received from licenses for saloons or dramshops, % of dog tax, % of all mon- eys received for licenses granted pawnshops, % of all moneys received for licenses granted second-hand dealers, % of all moneys received from mon- eys for licenses granted junk dealers; all moneys collected for fees for car- rying concealed weapons; % of all costs collected for violation of city ordi- nances, according to an act of the general assembly, approved April 29, 1887; in force July 1, 1887. Washingtonian Home. This institution receives a per centum of moneys collected for saloon licenses, not to exceed $20,000 per annum, according to act of the general assembly, approved Februarv 16, 1867, amended by an act in force July 1, 1883. FEDERAL REPRESENTATION. The civil authority and functions of the Federal government are repre- sented in Chicago by the United States courts Circuit (Walter Q. Gresham, judge) and District (H. W. Blodgett, judge), and their officers, including the U. S. District Attorney, U. S. Marshal and U. S. Commissioners; by the Col- lector of Customs, the Collector of Internal Revenue, the U. S. Sub-Treasurer and minor officers. United States Courts. The United States Courts are two in number, the Circuit (Judge Walter Q. Gresham), the District (H. W. Blodgett). An Asso- ciate Justice of the Supreme Court of the United States sits here also on stated occasions. The courts are located in the post-office (or government) building; clerk, W. H. Bradley. The United Stales Court of Claims is represented by U. S. Comnnissioner Hoyne, room 53 post-office building, and Simeon W. King, M. E. Church block. V. 8. Officers in Chicago. The United States officers in Chicago, aside from the postmaster, are the Collector of Customs, Collector of Internal Revenue, U. S. Sub-treasurer, Special Agent U. S. Treasury, U. S. Appraiser, U. S. District Attorney, U. S. Engineer, U. S. Inspector of Life- saving Stations. U. S. Inspector of Steam-vessels, Surgeon of U. S. Marine 48 CHICAGO AS IT IS. Hospital, U. 8. Marshal, tJ. S. Pension Agent, Superintendent of U. S. Secret Service, U. S. Signal Officer and U. S. Lighthouse Inspector. The offices of all of these, excepting the appraiser's (210 Market street) and the U. S. Signal offices (seventeenth floor of the Auditorium building), arelocated in the post- office building. FIRE DEPARTMENT. The fire department of Chicago is generally acknowledged to be the best equipped and most efficient in the United States, which means that it is the best equipped and most efficient in the world, for the firemen of this country are called upon to be prepared for and to meet emergencies which do not rise in the cities of Europe. The Chicago corps have been brought up to its present high standard of discipline and efficiency by the two chief marshals who have had charge of the department since the great fire of 1871 Benner and Swenie. The former retired from the service about ten years ago, after re- organizing the department upon a basis which has served as a foundation for the growth and character it has since attained. Marshal Swenie was Mr. Benner's chief assistant, and was largely instrumental in suggesting and carrying out many of the reforms, ideas and improvements that characterized the latter's administration. Since the succession of Marshal Swenie the department has quadrupled its machinery and its forces. In Mr. Benner's time Chicago was a city covering an area of less than forty square miles, with a population of about 500,000. Now the city covers an area of 181 square miles and a population of 1,250,000. The following information will give the visitor an idea of the strength and workings of the fire department: Alarmsand Losses, 1S91. There were4,570 fire alarmsduriug 1891 against 3733 in 1890, an increase of 837. The total value of property involved was $115,823,005, while in 1890 it was $95,147,058, being an increase of $20,675,- 947. The total loss in 1891 was $3,157,348, while in 1890 it was $2,047,736, an increase over 1890 of $1,109,612. The total insurance was $59,526,210 in 1891, and in 1890 $44,083,330, an increase of $15,442,880 in favor of 1891. City Telegraph and Electric Lights. The police and fire telegraph and telephone system and the electric lighting service are in charge of the city electrician. Equipment and Force. The fire department of Chicago (1892) consists of 970 men and officers, 72 steam fire engines, 22 chemical fire engines ,99 hose carts, 28 hook and ladders trucks, 1 water tower, 3 fire boats (for river and harbor service, and for work along the river sides on buildings, warehouses, lumber yards, etc., adjacent), 99 apparatus stations, 421 horses, and an extensive and well equipped repair shop. As an auxiliary to the department there are 1,935 stations, provided with necessary instruments and several thousand miles of wire, by which alarm of fire may be communicated. Headquarters and Organization. The headquarters of the Chicago Fire Department are ^located in the City Hall. Following is the organization : . g O O U J t/S CHICAGO AS IT IS. 49 Fire Marshal and Chief of Brigade, D. J. Swenie ; First Assistant Fire Mar- shal and Department Inspector, William H. Musham ; Second Assistant Fire Marshal, John H. Gale ; Department Secretary, Charles S. Petrie ; Fire Inspector, Michael W. Conway ; Chiefs of Battalions : 1st, Patrick O'Malley ; 3d, Frederick I. Ries ; 3d, Peter Schnur ; 4th, Paul F. A. Pundt ; 5th, John Campion ; 6th, Joseph C. Pazen ; 7th, James Heaney ; 8th, Leo. Meyers ; 9th, William H. Townsend ; 10th, Nicholas Dubach ; llth, John Fitzgerald ; 12th, Edward W. Murphy ; 13th, Frederick J. Gabriel. Each Engine and Hook and Ladder Company is commanded by a Captain and Lieutenant, and the officers and men of the 99 apparatus stations are divided into 13 Batalions, under command of the Chiefs mentioned above. [See "Municipal Government " for salaries.] Insurance Patrol. Established in 1871, by the underwriters of the city, for the protection of property, merchandise, etc. and the recovery of sal- vage from the interior of burning buildings. There are five Fire Patrol sta- tions, as follows: No. 1, 176 Monroe St.. Captain George Furnald, 16 men; No. 2, 210 Peoria St., West Side, Captain Charles W. O'Neill, 10 men; No. 3, Dearborn and Twenty-third sts., Captain Frederick Harbunm 7 men; No. 4, Forty -third street and Center ave., Captain Frank Whitmore, 6 men; No. 5, now organizing, will be located at No. 60 Whiting St., with a force of 7 men, E. T. Shepard, Superintendent. Patrol Station No. 1 is located on Monroe St., between La Salle street and Fifth ave., and is the most accessible to visi- tors. The horses and men are trained to perfection and the operation of responding to sa alarm is one of the most interesting things to be seen in Chicago. The Patrol Service, or Salvage Corps, are generally first at a fire, employing fast horses and light equipment, and they save a vast amount of property annually. Location of Stations. The Engine Houses near the centre of the city, and within easy access of visitors, are located as follows: No. 1, 271 Fifth ave.., wholesale district; No. 10. 82 Pacific ave., near Board of Trade and Van Buren St. depot: No. 13, 19 Dearborn St., near bridge; No. 32, foot of Mon- roe St., No. 37 (river fire boat), foot of La Salle st.; No. 40, 83 South Frank- lin St., near Telephone building. The visitor, should an alarm happen to be signalled, will be interested in the perfect training and discipline exhibited by men and horses. Pension Fund. Firemen are retired on half-pay after continuous service of 20 years, the fund for this purpose beirg established and maintained by percentage of certain municipal revenues. [See Eleemosynary Support.] The firemen also have a Benevolent Society which cares for disabled mem- bers, and the widows and orphans of members. It is in a prosperous condition. GENERAL INFORMATION. Annexation. On the 28th of June, 1889, the city embraced about forty- four square miles of territory. On the day following, by vote of the people, the city of Lake View and the towns of Hyde Park, Lake, Jefferson and Cicero, aggregating 128.24 square miles of territory and about 220,000 people, were annexed to and became part of Chicago, thus constituting one great 50 GUIDE TO CHICAGO. metropolis, extending twenty-four miles from north to south, and from four and one-half to ten and one-half miles firm east to west. The validity of the proceedings resulting in the annexation was confirmed by the Supreme Court, October 29, 1889. By this extraordinary consolidation, six independ- ent municipal corporations each having a legislative and executive depart- ment of government, each controlled and operated under more or less different systems and methods of conducting public affairs were merged into one municipality, under the authority and control of one city govern- ment. During the year 1890, there were annexed to the city four suburbs South Englewood, area, 292 square miles, population 8,000; Gano, 1.80 square miles, population 2,600; Washington Heights, 2.8 square miles, population 3,315; West Roseland, 1.80 square miles, population 792; making a total annexation for the year of 9.32 square miles, withapopu- lation of 9,900. Fernwood was also added. Area of Chicago. Chicago has grown from 2.55 square miles in 1835 to 181.70 square miles in 1891, as follows: SQUARK MILES. February 11, 1835, original town 8.15 mak ng 3.33 making 8 9 ) making 2.65 10.7J 14.('3 17.93 24.41 35.79 36.79 43.94 172.18 174.18 177.16 179.96 181.70 March 4, 1837, there was added February 16, 184", there was added February 12, 1853, there was added February 13, 1863, there was added. 6.48 making 11.35 making 1.00 making 7.15 making 128.24 making 2.00 making ?.98 making 2.80 making 1.80 making February 27 1864, there was added May 16, 1887, there was added November and December 5, 1887, thei e was added July 9 1889 there was added April 16, 1890 village of G:. West Ko.-eland . . . Of the present area 5.14 square miles are water, 176.56 land, is divided into 34 wards, each covering a territory as follows: First ward 1.75 square miles Second ward 1.5 square miles Third ward 1.5 square miles Fourth ward 1.75 square miles Fifth ward 1.5 square miles Sixth ward 2.75 square miles Seventh ward 0.75 square mile Eighth ward 0.75 square mile Ninth ward 1.5 square miles Tenth ward 1.5 square miles Eleventh ward 1.25 square miles Twelfth ward 3.00 square miles Thirteenth ward 3.00 square miles Fourteenth ward 3.00 square miles Fifteenth ward 3.25 square miles Sixteenth ward 0.75 square mile Seventeenth ward 0.75 square mile The city Eighteenth ward 0.75 square mile Nineteenth ward 0.75 square mile Twentieth ward 1 .00 square mile Twenty-first ward. . . . 1.00 square mile Twenty-second ward.. 0.75 square mile Twenty-third ward 0.75 square mile Twenty -fourth ward. .1.00 square mile Twenty-fifth ward 5.00 square miles Twenty-sixth ward. . . 5.75 square miles Twenty-seventh ward. 29.5 square miles Twenty-eighth ward. ..7.00 square miles Twenty-ninth ward 6.00 square miles Thirtieth ward 12.00 square miles Thirty-first ward 18.00 square miles Thirty-second ward . . .3.75 square miles Thirty-third ward 28.5 square miles Thirty-fourth ward. ..2V.OO square miles CHICAGO AS IT JS. 51 Bridewell, or House of Correction. This is the city prison and is generally known as the Bridewell, a name which it derived from the Bridewell of Dub- lin, Ireland, to which it bears a similarity in many respects. The manage- ment is vested in a superintendent, appointed by the mayor. The expendi- tures for salaries and maintenance and construction are about $125, 000 per annum; the receipts from police court fines, brick made by inmates inside the walls, labor of prisoners, laundry work for police department, etc., amounts to about $60,000 per annum. The number of prisoners committed to the Bridewell annually is about 9,000, of whom about seven-eighths are male. The average number of prisoners confined is about 760 males and 40 females. The cost of the prison to the city of Chicago, as it stands to-day, is about $1,500,000. The prisoners are employed in brick-making and other indus- tries. County prisoners are also sent here, for whose support the city is paid about 30 cents per capita daily. The Bridewell is situated at South Califor- nia avenue, near West Twenty-sixth-street, West Side, and may be reached by Blue Island Avenue cars. Mark L. Crawford is the superintendent. Bridges and Viaducts. As the Chicago river is navigable for lake vessels, and it, with its branches, intersects the heart of the city, a large number of bridges have been required. No less than forty-five now span this small stream. Nearly all are swinging bridges, and many of them are operated by steam. Steel construction has been employed in the bridges most recently erected. Among these, the Adams street bridge is a notable structure. It is a 4-track bridge, 259 feet long on center truss, and 57 feet in width. Thia bridge is two feet three inches lower at the east end than at the west end, and, at the same time is reversible, the turn-table track being set on a grade of one in 115. Some doubts were expressed as to its feasibility when the plan was proposed, but the city engineers say that no bridge in the city works better than this one. The Rush street draw is one of the longest in the world. The Lake, Wells and Jackson street bridges are handsome structures. The present bridge at Madison street is to be moved to Washington street, and one of the finest bridges in the city erected in its place, which will probably be com- pleted this year. The railroads entering the city do so in but few instances above or below the street l^vel. Grade-crossings are the rule. Engineers have long sought to remedy this state of affairs, which will probably be accomplished in time; but, meanwhile, some relier is being provided at the most dangerous crossings by the erection of viaducts. There are thirty-five of these structures in the city, the longest and finest of which is on Twelfth street, extending from Clark street to Wabash avenue, crossing the tracks of the Atchison, Topeka and Santa Fe Railroad Company, and costing $209,736. Geographical Center of Chicago. The geographical center of the present city of Chicago is located at the intersection of Ashland avenue and Thirty- ninth street. Health of the City. There was not a single case of small-pox in Chicago during the year 1891. The physician of the Health Department during that period vaccinated 20,809 persons. The vital statistics for 1890 were based upon a population of 1,100,000. During the present year they are based upon a population of 1,250,000. Said Health Commissioner Ware, at the beginning of 1892 : "The health of the city has been good and very satisfac. 52 GUIDE TO CHICAGO. tory to us. Our mortality for every month of the year was remarkably low." The report of the Health Department for 1891 shows that there were 27,754 deaths In the city during the year, making a percentage, based upon a popula- tion of 1,250,000, of 22.20 per 1,000. Of the deaths 12,801 were children under five years of age, a percentage of 46.29 ; and 5 over one hundred years. The grippe directly caused but 336 deaths, but pneumonia and other complica- tions with the deadly influenza swelled the number of victims of this class of diseases. Pneumonia carried off 2,898 ; consumption 2.120 ; bronchitis, 1,495; typhoid fever, 1,997 ; accidents, 1,158 ; diphtheria, 958 ; croup, 400 ; scarlet fever, 499; malarial fever, 143; whooping cough, 194; suicide, 246; delirium tremens, 148 ; hydrophobia, 4. The total deaths from tubercular diseases was 2,421. Lake and River Frontage. The city has a frontage on Lake Michigan of twenty-two miles and a river frontage of about fifty-eight miles, twenty- two and one-half miles of which are navigable. Lakes and Rivers. There are three lakes within the present city limits containing an area of 4,095.6 acres, as follows: Calumet Lake 3122 acres, Hyde Lake 330.8 acres, the portion of Wolf Lake lying within the city limits 642.8 acres. Of these Calumet and Wolf are navigable. There are two rivers within the corporate limits; the Chicago river, with north and south branches, which divide the city into districts known, respectively, as the North, South and West " Divisions" or " Sides" and the Calumet river, with Big and Little Calumet rivers, which penetrate the extreme southern part of the city. Length and Width of Chicago. The distance between north Seventy -first street, being the northern city limits, and One Hundred and Thirty-ninth street, being the southern city limits, is twenty-four miles. The city at its broadest point is 10.5 miles in width. State street has the greatest extension north and south, running from North avenue to the southern city limits, eighteen miles; Eighty-seventh the greatest western extension, running the entire width of the city. Marriage Licenses. The number of licenses issued in Chicago in 1891 was 15,400, or nearly 1,200 more than issued in the previous year, when 12,850 was considered a high number. In January, 1,258 licenses were issued; Feb- ruary showed 927 licenses; March, 893; April, 1,369; May, 1,284; June, 1,441; July, 1085; August, 1,206; September, 1,532; October, 1,613; November, 1,513; December, 1,250. The rather delicate and sometimes embarrassing question regarding the ages of the contracting parties was answered with all the num- bers from 14 to 86. In twenty instances the bride had just passed 14 years, while the ages of the grooms ranged between 17 and 20 years. During the summer months the number of applicants under the age of majority reached 300. At an average of two times a day the "pa" or the " ma" had to give their consent. Never in the history of Chicago have so many people in their advanced age re-entered the connubial life as in the latter part of 1891, the records showing nearly 100 couples respectively between 55-65 and 50-60. The oldest man was 86 and is still alive; next comes one at 82, manied a few days ago, and finally a comparatively young fellow of 77. The oldest maid was 68 V while the oldest widow was 62. CHICAGO AS IT IS. 53 Mileage of Streets. The annexation of Gano, Washington Heights, West Roseland and part of Calumet, has extended the number of miles of streets in Chicago to 2,235.71, divided as follows: IMPROVED. UNIMPROVED Former City ot Chicago 438 28 33080 Hyde Park 125 07 416 87 40 09 298 00 Like View 56 05 75 48 Jefferson 24?.28 Cicero 84.79 Gano, Washington Heights, etc 119 00 Totals 668.49 1,567 22 Morgue. Situated in the rear of the County Hospital, near the Polk street side. Take Harrison street or Ogden avenue car. Ten bodies, on an average, are picked up in the streets of Chicago every day. Besides these, morgue accommodations are necessary for many of those who die in" the county and other hospitals, police stations, etc. The inside measures 40x46J^ feet, and the entire affair, with offices, etc., cost about $18,000. All bodies are disinfected and frozen by the carbolic acid process before being placed on view. Natural Gas Supply. Natural gas for fuel purposes will be conveyed to and used in Chicago extensively before the close of 1892. Poverty in C7w'c#y3. Notwithstanding the great prosperity of the people as a whole, poverty is to be found in Chicago as well as elsewhere. Mu- nicipal charity in Chicago has risen to the dignity of an applied science. Through the refuse of alleys, up the trembling stairs of tenements, and into the hovels of want and misery a force of men and women daily goes, carrying food for the hungry, warm clothing for the naked, coals for the needy, and medicine for the sick. From November until April, Cook County gives away 200 sacks of flour, forty pairs of shoes, and fifty tons of coal every day. Relief of the deserving poor involves not alone the dis- covery and proper aid of the unfortunates, but is attended with a constant warfare against the idle and vicious. Agents of the Visitation and Aid society, the Relief and Aid society, the German Aid society, the Hebrew Aid society, and St. Vincentde Paul's daily seek the sick and needy, but their work is only of a semi-public nature. From the office of the county agent, at 36 West Madison street, there are sent twenty-seven men and three women, who investigate the condition of those reported to be in want and who, by reason of their familiarity with neighborhoods and individuals, are able to insure a wise bestowal of public charity. Revenues and Disbursements of the City for 1801. The following shows in detail the revenues and disbursements of the city of Chicago for the year ending December 31, 1891, as reported by the city treasurer. RECEIPTS: balance January 1, 1891, $567,555; general taxes,1890," $9,199, 796; water fund, $4,456,286; sewerage fund, 1891, $171,733; department publishing works' 1891, $692,897; school tax fund, 1890, $15,000; school tax fund, 1891, " 54 GUIDE TO CHICAGO. 643; street lamp fund, 1891, $97,855; first district police court, $27,692; sec- ond district police court, $7,1. JJ- third district police court, $11,093; fourth district police court, $6,247; fiftli district police court, $5,943; sixth district police court, $5,131; seventh district police court, $4,343; eighth district police court, $3,225; ninth district police court, $2,828; tenth district police court, $2,924; special assessments and deposit fund, $6,407,394; school fund, '$2,400,440; house of correction, 1891, $01,812; city markets, 4,792; pounds, $3,556; wharfing interests, $1,219; Jonathan Burr fund, $1,722; general fund, 1891, $1,474,805; licenses, $3,882,453; rents, $27,495; refunding loan account, $690,700; police department, fund 1891, $31,294; fire department fund, 1891, $6,755; public library fund, 1891, $6,928; health department fund, 1891, $161; contingent fund, 1891, $3; fees, $1,550; Harrison and Tree fund, $48; tax deeds in 1873, $63; special tax purchases in 1878, $6; tax purchases in 1875, $34; tax purchases in 1887, $70; forfeitures, 1889 and prior, $259; police life and health insurance fund, $200 $29,550,560, tolal, $30,118,115. DISBURSEMENTS: Special assessments and deposit fund, $6,214,880; water fund, $3,888,043- school fund, $2,399,220; general fund, 1889, $10,264; gen- eral fund, 1890, $5,222; general fund 189i, $1,932,960; fire fund, 1890, $17,950; fire fund, 1891, $1,380,109; police fund, 1890, $2,511; police fund, 1891, $2,621,182'; house of correction, 1890, $653; house of correction, 1891, $92,- 504; health department, 1890, $3,361; healthdepartment 1891, $454,276; school tax, 1890, $23,479; school tax, 1891, $4,264,016; public library, 1890, $2,499; public library, 1891, $100,500; street lamps, 1890, $3,841; street lamps, 1891, $761,223; sewerage, 1890, $17,864; sewerage, 1891, $546,874; department of public works, 1890,409,203; department of public works, 1891, $2,319,471; contingent, 1890, $583, contingent, 1891, 17,239, Jonathan Burr, $1,726; police life and health, $421; interest account, 1891, $546,438; Chicago and south side "L" railway, $100,000; Town of Lake, special, $1,052. Town of Lake, general, $117; Hyde Park, special, $2,540; Hyde Park, general, $52; Lake View, special, $672; Lake View, general, $29; Jefferson, special, $26; general sinking fund, $50; school tax annexed territory, $27. Total, $28,- 149,393; balance in treasury December 31, 1891, $1,968,722. Total, $30,118,- 115. Tenement House and Factory Inspection. During 1891 the Tenement House and Factory Inspection Department examined 8,731 new buildings in course of construction; 15,577 buildings and houses, containing 95,261 per- sons; 19,429 workshops with 404,760 employes; served 9,702 notices; abated 9,134 nuisances; 2,162 cases of defective plumbing, and 711 cases of defective drainage. Topography of Chicago. The city of Chicago is level but not flat. There are considerable rises here and there, the most noticeable being the ridge which traverses the southern portion, west of Hyde Park, to the Indiana line. All difficulties in the way of sewering have been overcome long since by skill- ful engineering. The Chicago river which originally emptied into, now flows out of the lake. The sewerage is carried by the river, in great part, to a canal which conducts it through the interior. It finally finds its way into the Illi- nois and Mississippi rivers. The drainage of the city is an interesting subject, and the plans for future work in this connection are of great magnitude and involve the expenditure of many millions. [See "Ship and Drainage Canals," with map.] CHICAGO AS IT IS. 55 Uniting Gity and County. The question of unitfng the city of Chicago and the county of Cook under one government, is being seriously considered at present. A constitutional amendment with this end in view will probably be submitted to a vote of the people at the next general election in 1892. Water Supply. The city, at present, is supplied with 22 pumping engines of various types and power, representing a total engine capacity for delivering daily 260.000,000 gallons of water. From measurements obtained, there was pumped during the year a daily average of over 154,000,000 gallons, which is nearly 60 per cent, of the total capacity of the pumping power of the engines now in use. [See " Water Works."] JOBBING AND WHOLESALE BUSINESS. The jobbing and wholesale business of Chicago amounted to $517,166,000 in 1891. Of this, the dry goods trade alone amounted to $98,416,000 or nearly one-fifth. The following statement exhibits the business transacted in the various lines of trade, compared with previous years: 1891. 1890. Dry Goods and Carpets , 8 68.416,000 $93,730,000 Groceries .... 56,iOO,000 56,700,000 Lumber 39,000,OdO 36,900,000 Manufactured Iron 1 7. Oft V 00 15,580,0( Clothing . 23,600,1 00 21,500000 Boots and Shoes 27,v 0,OCO 25,900,000 Drugs and Chemicals 7,600,000 7,100,000 Crockery and Glassware 6,000.0(0 5,500,000 Hats and Caps 8,000,000 7,000,000 Millinery . ... 7,000,000 7,000 (X Tobacco and Cigars 11, 500,' 00 10,850,000 Fresh and Salt Fish, Oysters and Salmon . . . 5,500,(>CO 5,460,000 Oils 4/00,000 4,000,000 Dried Fruits 4,300,' 00 4.300.000 Building Materials 4,500,000 4,4fi8,000 Furs , 1.750,000 I,500,0f0 Carriages 2,000,000 1,850,000 Pianos, Organs and Musical Instruments 7,800,000 7,300,000 Music-books and Sheet Music 625,0(10 575,000 Books, Stationery and Wall Paper . . . 22 000,000 22,000,( ) Paper 2S,()i 0,OCO 25,500000 Paper Stock 5,500,000 5,000,000 Pig Iron 20,500,(00 20,035,000 Coal 26,000,' 00 25,d75,0< Hardware and Cutlery l'J,225,000 17,500,000 Wooden and Willow Ware 3/00,000 3 t6J (00 Liquors 15.000,0(0 13 8( 000 .Tewelrv, Watches and Diamonds 25,000,0' 20,400,000 Leather and Finding's 2.750,000 2,520,000 Pig Lead and Copper 6,000 000 6,666,00:) Iron Ore 4,500.' (X) 4,00(1,000 Miscellaneous 6,0i 0,000 5,035,000 Totals S")17 C6 000 8186,600,000 Total in 190.. Total in 1389.. $486,600,001 . 418,165,000 GUIDE TO CHICAGO. Export Trade of Chicago. The following is the merchandise entered for export, with benefit of drawback, at the port of Chicago during the year 1891. PACKAGES AND CONTENTS QUANTITY. ARTICLES AND QUANTITIES ENTITLED TO DRAWBACK. AMO'NT OF DRAWB'K. 89 \676 packages canned meats. 1 7,446 packages salted meats 16,075 baled binder twine 54,877,719 Ibs 21,224,44 i Ibs 1,128,468 Ibs Tinplate 8,735,992 Ibs $89,93!. 81 4,0 .'0.45 7,693.76 $101 ,64-,. 02 Salt 4,808,475 Ibs Hemp 1,128,468 Ibs Total Import Trade of Chicago. Following is a list of the merchandise imported to Chicago during the year 1891. COMMODITIES. QUANTITIES. COMMODITIES. QUANTITIES. Ale, beer, and porter, pkgs 4,284 Lemons, pkgs 15 010 Art material, pkgs 22 "i Lumber, m 16.S69 Anvils No 1,643 Machinery, pkgs 255 Bans and peas, bag's. . . . 2,411 Macaroni, pKgd. 6,4 i 9 Berries, brls 2,384 Marble and granite, pkgs. . . 2,215 Bedsteads, pkgs ... 6,873 Marble Slabs, No 22,641 Uicycles, pkgs 510 Mf . Metal, cases 2,082 Bittors, cases H2 Millinery, cases 991 Bleaching powder, pkgs 673 Musical goods, cases 2,345 600 Nuts, pkgs 6 i>32 Buttles, empty, pkgs 1,001 Olive oil, pkgs 2,246 Brandy, liquors, pkgs. 5,739 Oxide of iron, tons. tsjt Bricks, casks . . ... 7.118 Paints and color ^, pkgs 2,018 Caustic soda pko's 3,968 Paintings cases i55 Canned goods, csises 6,150 Paper, pkgs. 1,266 Cement, pkgs 17,668 Phosphate, cars il Champagne, cases 2,978 Pickles, pkgs 3,553 Cheese, pkgs 974 Posts, Cedar, No 258, ? China, pkgs 1,765 Plants and bulbs, cases. . . . 963 Cocoanut oil, pipes 170 Potash, pkgs 472 Cocoa, pkgs 8,172 Prunes, pkgs 4,420 Cigars, cases 1,906 Raisins, pkgs. 27,940 Cotfee, bags 5,289 Rice, bags 19,906 Corkwood, bales 3,679 Salt sacks . . 149,4S1 Currants, pkgs 2,000 Sausage Csgs., pkgs 326 Cutlery, pkgs 119 2,0^8 Dry goods, pkgs 17,649 Skins, pkgs 440 Druggist sundries, pkgs 1,500 Soda Ash, pkgs 2,346 Ext. of meat, cases 190 Stat'ry and Brnzs, pkgs . . 2^3 Effects, pkgs , . 663 Smokers articles, cases 1,385 Earthenware, pkgs 16,572 Sugar refined, brls 83.590 Feathers, bales ?<71 Sugar, Maple, pkgs 1,978 Figs and dates, pkgs 13,763 Tar and Pitch, pkgs 2,653 Firearms, pkgs.. 129 Tea, pkgs 241,727 Fish, pkgs 52,070 Ties Railroad, No 113.620 Fullers earth, bags. 3,744 Tiles pkgs 1,199 Furniture, pkgs V30 Tinplate, boxes 330,702 Gin, pkgs 2,763 Tobacco, bales ... 4,827 Glass, window, pkgs 2,730 Toys, cases 1,187 Glassware, pkgs 56J Type metal, pigs. 4,874 Glue, pkgs 118 Water, Mineral, pkgs.... 635 Grease, pkgs .. .... 775 Whisky, pkgs. 3,739 Hardware, pkgs 5K5 Wine, pkgs 16,992 Instruments, scientific, cases 153 Wire rope, coils 62 Japan, goods pk^s 3,610 Wood Mfd, pko-s 1,987 Iron and steel, mfd., pkgs. . . . 2,148 Miscellaneous, pkgs 303 Jewelers' sundries, pkgs 232 [Engraved for The Standard Guide Company."] THE INDIAN GROUP, LINCOLN PARK. [See "Lincoln Park."] CHICAGO AS IT IS. 57 Iron and Steel Market. During the last few years a large number of manufacturers, who use large quantities of iron and steel, have been located In Chicago, and the home consumption of this material is probably the largest of any point in the United States; besides this, the Chicago jobbers have sold an unusually large tonnage for shipment to all points in the west and north- west, so that it must be conceded that Chicago takes first place in the United States as an iron and steel market, it being well known that whenever manu- facturers are overstocked with any material in this line, they usually come to Chicago to dispose of their surplus. MANUFACTURES OF CHICAGO. The manufactures of Chicago keep pace with the growth of population and commerce. There were 3.307 manufacturing firms in this Jty in 1891, against 3,250 in 1890; the capital employed iu manufactures in 1891 was $210,- 302,000, against $190, 000,000 in 1890, the number of workers employed in manufacturing in Chicago in 1891 was 180,870, against 177,500 in 1890; the wages paid by manufacturers in 1891 amounted to $104,904,000 against $96,- 200,000, in 1890, and the value of the product of Chicago manufactories in 1891 was $567,012,300, against $538,000,000, in 1890. Brewing, Distilling and Tobacco. INDUSTRIES. No. CAPITAL. WKRS. PRODUCT. Breweries 42 $11 500,000 2000 $13 200 000 Malthousc'S . 34 4,000,000 700 5 500 000 Distillers and Rectifiers . . . 84 5 250 000 1,000 15 736 (100 Tobacco and snuff 23 -iHK),roo 900 3,040'0()0 Cigars and cigarettes 930 1,750,000 2,600 8 100000 Totals 1,163 $23,400,000 7,2TO $45,576,000 Totals 1890 1,160 25,160,000 7,050 44 787 000 The amount paid in wages is estimated at $4,380,000, against $4,368,000 for 1890. Brass, Copper, etc. The following table exhibits the manufactures in brass, copper, etc., in Chicago, for the year 1891: INDUSTRIES. No. CAPITAL. WORKERS. PRODUCT. Brass, copper and plumbers 1 supplies Tin, stamped, and sheet metal ware Jewelry manufactures 28 34 24 $ 1,500,000 3,000,000 1000000 1,700 2,800 600 $ 3000,000 7,475,000 2 500 COO 10 750 000 300 1 500 00() Optical goods 2 250 000 70 500000 Telegraph and elfctric supplies 7 1,470 000 2 050 3 660 000 Smelting and refining 4 S,450 000 750 23 607 UOO Iron and brass works 6 2iO,COO 250 500,030 Miscellaneous 38 650,000 820 2,800,000 Totals 153 $11,270000 9 340 $45 543 000 Totals, 1890 141 8,260 000 9 185 46 420000 The estimated amount of wages paid in- 1891 is $6,065,000. as against $5, 750,000 for 1890. 58 GUIDE TO CHICAGO. Brick, Stone, etc. The estimates of the manufactures in brick, stone, etc., in Chicago, for 1891, were: INDUSTRIFS. Brickyards Cut Stone Contractors Marble and Granite Works. Gravel Roofers Lime Kilns Terra Cotta Stained Glass Factories Totals Totals, 1890 The amount of wages estimated to have been paid in 1891 was $3,8bO,UJO against $3,209,000 in 1890. Iron and Wood. Following are the estimates of the combined wood and iron manufactures of Chicago for the year 1891: No. CAPITAL. WORKERS. PRODUCT. 68 65 32 30 6 1 10 83,600,000 1,525,000 1,0:-:0,000 225,000 225,000 300,0' 300,000 3,785 1,600 750 501 370 500 350 $ 3,8^6,000 2,000,000 1,800/00 1,150,000 450,000 600,000 90 ,000 212 214 $7,205,000 5,680,000 7,855 7,520 $10,726,000 12,600,000 INDUSTRIES. No. CAPITAL. WORKERS. PRODUCT. Wagons and Carriages 70 5 4 6 5 $ 2,000,000 7,150,000 6,400,000 1,675,000 700,000 2,000 5,6 ;& 8,000 850 250 $ 4,000,000 15,950,aH) 17,350,000 3,000,000 800,000 Agricultural Implements Car and Bridge Builders Elevators Sewing Machines and Cases Totals 90 92 $17,925,000 13,700,000 16,725 15,200 $41,100,000 42,000,000 Totals 1890 The wages of the year are estimated at $12,575,000, as compared with $13,000,000 for the previous year. Chemicals. The manufacture of chemicals in Chicago for the year 1891, was estimated as follows: INDUSTRIES. Chemical works . . White lead and paint White lead corroders Varnish Axle grease Glue fertilizers, etc Soap Candles Linseed oil and cake Soda, mineral waters, etc Ink, sealing wax, etc Totals. Totals 1890.. No. CAPITAL. WORK- ERS. PRODUCT. 6 $ 700,000 250 $1.750.000 20 1,500,000 500 4,400.000 2 1,750,000 125 2,1 00,000 8 1,200,000 15(1 1,300,000 1 3,00,000 50 1/00,000 5 1,700,000 1 S 000 3,500,0(10 8 3,000,000 2/00 8,000,00i) 2 500,000 125 800,000 7 1,750,000 250 3,500,000 20 900.000 600 2,000,000 1 75,000 100 250,000 80 $13,375,000 5,150 28,500,000 84 14,320,000 4,900 23,550,000 The wages fiaid in 1891 footed up $3,240,000, as against $2,460, 000 in 1890. CHICAGO AS IT IS* Iron and Steel. The following table exhibits the manufactures in iron and steel in Chicago for the year 1891: INDUSTRIES. No. CAPITAL. WORK- ERS. PRODUCT. 6 60 76 32 6 9 14 14 40 JO 50 $ 27,700.1 00 3.500,OOU 3,800,000 600,000 2,7:>0,000 J, 305,1 00 40n,f'0i) 6fO,000 6<;0,000 200,0(0 3.500,000 10,475 4,500 4,000 1,200 1,700 1,360 600 800 950 4i'0 4,200 $ 25,900,0 11,1100,000 9,000,000 2.250,00 4,601,000 2,4' 0,OT>0 1,10 ,000 2,80'',0(IO l,7l 0,000 450,01 9,500,000 P"iler works Barbed wire and wircworks Miscellaneous Totals 316 321 $ 44,005,000 4u,600,000 30,185 34,600 $70,700,000 69,325,000 Totals 1890 The amount of wages paid in 1891 is estimated at $19,706,000, as com- pared with $18,500,000 for 1890. Meats. The following table shows the meat industry of Chicago for the year 1891. INDUSTRIES. No. CAPITAL. WORK- ERS. PRODUCT. 20 12 20 2,000,000 Furniture 260 8,000,000 12,000 21,000,000 Pictures frames and looking glasses. Pianos and organs 60 24 1,500,000 4,500,000 1,500 3,000 3,000,000 7,ooo,ono Billiard tables . . 3 375,000 400 700.000 30 1,000,100 800 2,350,000 Totals. 483 19.375,000 25,000 46,050,000 Totals, 1890 470 18,500,000 24,800 46,000,000 The estimated wages are $13,520,000, against $13,500,000 for 1890. CHICAGO AS IT IS. 61 Other Manufactures. The other manufactures of Chicago, coming under the head of miscellaneous, for the year 1891, were estimated as follows: MISCELLANEOUS. No. CAPITAL. WORKERS. PRODUCT. Tools and bicycle factories 3 $850,000 1,400 $2 100000 Sign-makers 35 125,000 500 750 000 Brushes (not broom) 16 800000 850 720 000 Brooms 2 75,000 75 250000 Feather dusters 4 60,000 150 200000 Show cases 10 120,000 130 45 i 000 Glass ] 100,000 120 200'000 Corks 3 130,000 120 225'000 Paper boxes 14 250,000 850 900,000 Sails, awning's, etc 12 200,0.0 250 550000 Shipyards.. 2 300,000 100 200 (XX) Perfumery 6 225,000 250 750,000 Totals...:. JOS 2,735,000 4,295 7,295,000 Totals 1890 98 2,277,000 4,235 7,140,<00 The wages paid approximate $2,245,000, against $2,053,000 for 1890. MARITIME INTERESTS. % It will be a surprise to the stranger, whether American or foreign, to learn that the arrivals and clearances of vessels at Chicago harbor exceed those of New York by fully 50 per cent.; that they are nearly as many as those of Baltimore, Boston and New York combined, and that they are a fraction of over 60 per cent, as many as all the arrivals and clearances in Baltimore, Boston, New York, New Orleans, Philadelphia, Portland and San Francisco. Chicago has also fully 25 per cent, of the entire lake-carrying trade, as compared with the total arrivals and clearances in Buffalo, Detroit, Duluth, Erie, Huron, Grand Haven, Milwaukee, Ogdensburg, Sanduskyand Marquette. These noteworthy facts are amplified in the two following tables: DISTRICTS ON THE SEABOARD. DISTRICT OF VESSELS ENTERED. VESSELS CLEARED. TOTAL. AOGR'G'TE RECEIPTS. COST TO COLLECT $1. Baltimore 1,828 1,443 3,270 $ 3,766,922 $0.072 Boston 3,260 3,391 6,650 18,038,773 .033 New Orleans . 1,156 1,148 2,304 2,106,681 .099 New York 8,196 7,818 16,014 147,538,045 .018 Philadelphia 1,829 2,053 3,883 20,711,455 .023 Portland 784 1,149 1,933 187,950 .263 Pt. Townsend 1,738 1,792 3,530 193,003 .288 Providence 666 202 868 3?8,850 .054 San Francisco 1,285 1,537 2,822 7,956,889 .047 Total 20,742 20,531 41,273 $200,828,567 $0.897 Average 2,305 1,281 4,586 22,314,285 .100 Chicago 10,107 10,120 20,227 6,794,515 .033 62 GUIDE TO CHICAGO. PRINCIPAL DISTRICTS ON THE GREAT LAKES. DISTRICT OF VESSELS ENTERED. VESSELS CLEARED. TOTAL. AGGR'GATE RECEIPTS. COST TO COLLECT $1. Buffalo 3,936 4,304 8 240 $ 8*2 175 80 065 Cleveland 5 136 5 170 10 308 388 598 '070 Detroit 6 296 6 530 12 826 630 670 1 3 Duluth 1,150 1,165 2 315 8 318 660 Port Huron .... 4 952 4 837 9 789 191 15 i 228 Grand Haven 7,710 7,707 15,417 1,881 2 889 Milwaukee 10,708 10,286 20 994 393 530 034 Ogdensburg 1,435 1,394 2 829 ?63888 091 Marquette . . ... 6622 6 686 13 308 If 856 730 Total 47,945 48,079 96,024 $2,759 069 $4 88 Average 5,327 5,324 10,669 306,563 512 Chicago i 10,107 10 120 20 2:-7 5 794 51 5 023 Shipments of Grain by Lake to Canada. The shipments of grain by lake to Canada during 1891, embracing corn, oats, wheat and rye, were: SHIPPED TO BUSHELS. SHIPPED TO BUSHELS. Collingwood 405,421 Sarnia 985,978 Kingston 4,126,400 25 100 Midland 1,199,150 Montreal Point Edward Prescott 367,082 344,469 38.000 Total 7,491,600 Coastwise Receipts and Shipments. The coastwise receipts and shipments at the port of Chicago during 1891 were: RECEIPTS. ARTICLES QUANTITY. ARTICLES. QUANTITY. 5687030 Iron ore, tons 71,449 852 987 Iron tons 19.423 21 537 106 273 Lumber 1 000 1 302 226 Coffee, sacks 26 i07 Shingles 1 000 '253 738 Tea, chests 4,885 Lath, 1 000 . . . . 37,139 Liquor.- 1 , packages 40,112 4 233,929 Fish, tons 2,349 2 052 050 Hides, pieces 4,524 ' 53 375 Potatoes, bushels 220,465 32 683 Hay, tons 2,510 Bark, cords 13,434 Flour, barrels 22,840 1 215 331 ft 965 30 775 Stone, tons 12,590 403,414 Sulphur, tons 653 41 080 Plaster, barrels 101,696 164,260 Cement, barrels 316,231 150,086 Oil, barrels 4,? 90 Cheese, packages 61,582 Woolsacks 1,998 CHICAGO AS IT IS. 63 SHIPMENTS. ARTICLES. QUANTITY. ARTICLES. QUANTITY. Flour, brls Mchds., pkgs Wheat, bu ' Corn, bu Oats, bu Rye, bu Barley, bu Grass-seed, s vcks 1,684,011 I,o50,30l 29,641,142 37,705,2o7 17,7v28 4,094.744 1,628,900 80,073 Coffee, sacks Tea, chests Sugar, brl* Sirup, barls Hides, pieces Liquors, brls Oilcakes, Ibs Oil, brls 18,178 15,519 17,113 9,162 6,478 10,347 210,086 4,432 9,647 Flax-seed, bu ... Br'm-co n, b'les Fork, brls Beet', ' rls Oatmeal brls Corn-meal, brls Lard, pkgs L:rd, tes Glucose, brls Malt, sacks 6821 56,076 4.672 14,319 12,7 9 18,S94 69,850 4.i.9"0 39,214 Millstuffs, sacks Cur'd rats., pkgs Tallow, brls Nails, kegs Iron, tons Lead, piss Wool, sacks Fertilizer, brls Spelter, plates 342,232 4,443 21,727 27,172 4,0i 7 559,394 56,227 1,150 97.027 Value of Exports By Zofe. There were 893,676 packages of canned meats exported by lake aggregating 54,877,719 pounds; 127 446 packages of salted meats aggregating $21,224.440, and 16,075 bales of binder-twine al- to-ether 1,128^68 pounds. Of the articles entitled to drawback were8,735,992 pounds of tin, the drawback on which was $899.30; 4,808,473 pounds ot salt, with a drawback of $4.020, and 1,128,468 pounds of hemp, with a draw- back of $7,693. The total values of imported articles entered m the port o. Chicago was $15,105,775. Arrivals and Clearances of Vessels. Following is a table showing the arrivals and clearances of vessels, with tonnage, at Chicago harbor, for \i to 1890, inclusive: YEAR. ARRIVALS. CLEARANCES. TOTAL. No. Tonnage. No. Tonnage. No. Tonnage. 1883 11,203 10,513 9,846 10.180 10,828 10,158 9,552 10,224 3,555,586 3,481,907 3,347,647 3,546,309 3,868,405 3,990,021 4,417,415 5,524,852 11,271 10,640 9,910 10,267 10,920 10,308 9,462 10,294 3J43,574 3,489,666 3,364,169 3,594,549 3,989,615 4,134,064 4,403,634 22,474 21,153 19,756 20,447 21,748 20,466 19,014 7,299,160 6,971,623 6,711,816 7,140,858 7,858,000 8,124,985 8,821.049 1884 1885 1886 1887 1888 1889 GUIDE TO CHICAGO. Vessels owned in Chicago. The following table exhibits the number and character of vessels owned in Chicago: CLASS. NUMBER. TONNAGE. CLASS. NUMBER. TONNAGE. Propellers 6'2 7 4 34 35 19,861.97 1,543.94 600.50 173.15 1,874.05 Schooners 168 8 7 40.940.15 71.45 213.34 Tugs, Sloops , Side wheel steamers Sailing yachts. Steam canal boats. . . Total 384 65,380.46 MUNICIPAL GOVERNMENT. City Clerk's Office Salaries. The salaries of subordinates are as follows: Deputy clerk, $3,000; chief clerk, $2,400; minor clerks from $1,000 to $1,300. City Collector's Office Salaries. The salaries of subordinates are as fol- lows: Chief clerk, $2,000; cashier, $1,800; book-keeper, $1,400; clerk, $1,400; five clerks, $1,500 each; five clerks, $1,000 each; messenger, $800. City Hall Employes Salaries. Janitor, $1,400; 2 carpenters, $3 per day; 4 finishers, $720 each; 10 elevator attendants, $720 each; 10 janitors, $720 each; 11 female janitors, $480 each; chief engineer, $1,500; 3 assistant engi- neers, $1,000 each; 6 firemen, $720 each; 3 coal passers, $660 each; 3 oilers, $720 each. Comptroller's Office Salaries. The salaries of subordinates are as fol- lows: Chief clerk, $3,000; general book-keeper, $2,400; assistant book- keeper, $1.800; cashier, $1,800; assistant cashier, $1,500; warrant clerk, $1,600; minor clerks, $1,000 to $1,200. Engineering Department Salaries. The salaries of subordinates are as follows: Assistant engineer, $2,500; second assistant engineer, $2,000; one assistant engineer, $2,000; two assistant engineers, $1,800 each; rodman, $900; draughtsman, $1,200; chief clerk, $1,800; messenger, $600. Feed Officers. City sealer of weights and measures, oil inspector, inspector of steam boilers, building inspector, elevator inspector, and some other minor officers of the city government are paid in fees, or a percentage of fees collected in their respective offices. Of these the oil inspectorship is the most lucrative, being worth about $20,000 per annum. Fire Department Salaries. The salaries of subordinates are as follows: First assistant fire marshal and inspector, $3,500; second assistant fire mar- shal, $3,000; assistant fire marshal and secretary, $3,200; fire inspector, $2,500; 13 chiefs of battalions, $2,500 each; bookkeeper, $1,800; 2 clerks, $1,800 each; clerk and storekeeper, $1,400; superintendent of horses, includ- ing medicines, $2,200; 19 captains, $1,360.80 each; 42 captains, $1,260 each; 14 captains, $1,200 each; 19 lieutentants, $1,155 each; 25 lieutenants, $1,000 each; 17 engineers, $1,360.80 each; 30 engineers, $1,260 each; 12 engineers, $1,200 each; 13 assistant engineers, $1,134 each^ 30 assistant engineers, $1,050 each; 12 assistant engineers $1,000 each; 115 pipemen and truckmen, $1,134 each; 131 pipemen and truckmen, $1,050 each; 69 pipemen and truck- men, $945 each; 40 pipemen and truckmen, $840 each; 37 drivers, $1,134 each; 81 drivers, $1,050 each; 39 drivers, $945 each; 4 pilots, $1.260 each; 2 stokers, $1,050 rs t $'945 each; 9 watchmen, $798.80 each; CHICAGO AS IT IS. ' 65 superintendent city telegraph, $3, 675; chief operator, $2,362.50; 3 assistant operators, $1,260 each; chief of construction, $1,800; battery man, $945; five repairers, $1,102.50 each; chief of electric repair shop, $1,575; 3 linemen, $945 each; machinist, $1,050; 2 assistant machinists, $756 each; clerk and stenographer, $1,260; 2 electric light inspectors, paid in fees collected, 1 manager, $1,700; 3 operators, $1,200 each; 3 repairers, $1,000 each; 1 lineman, $945; 1 instrument man, $900; 1 battery man, $900. Total for salaries of Fire Department, including Chief Marshal, $974,348.00. Health Department Salaries. The salaries of subordinates are as follows: Assistant commissioner, $2,500 ; department clerk, $1,500 ; secretary, $1,500; registrar of vital statistics, $1,200; thirty-four sanitary police, $1,000 each; eight medical inspectors, $900 each; chief tenement house and factory in- spector, $2,000; nine meat and stock yards inspectors, $1.200 each; assistant tenement house and factory inspector, $1,500; clerk to tenement house and factory inspector, $1,000; thirty-four tenement house and factory inspectors, $1,000 each; five female factory inspectors, $1,000 each; city physician, $2,500; assistant, $1,500. Law Department Salaries. The salaries of subordinates are: Assistant corporation counsel, $5,000; assistant corporation counsel, $3,000; assistant city attorney, $4,000; chief clerk, $2,000; 3 minor clerks, $1,500 each; 2 minor clerks, $1,200 each; clerk to city attorney. $1,500. Map Department Salaries. Superintendent, $1,800; 8 draughtsmen, $1,200 each; 2 draughtsmen, $1,000 each; house numbering clerk, $900. Police Court Salaries. There are eight police court districts in the city of Chicago, in which ten police court justices administer the municipal law. These are appointed by the mayor. The salaries are as follows: two police justices, 1st district, $5,000 each ; two police justices, 3d district, $5.000 each ; one police justice, 2d district, $5,000; one police justice, 4th district, $2,500; one police justice, 5th district, $2,500 ; one police justice. Englewood dis- trict, $1,800; one police justice, Lake View district, $1,200. The "clerks of the 1st district court receive $1,500 'and $1,200; all other clerks $1,200 each, except the assistant of the 1st district, whose salary is $1,000, and those of Englewood and Lake View, who receive $900 and $600, respect- ively. Police Department Salaries. The salaries of the officers and subordinates in the Police department are as follows: General superintendent, $5,000; assistant superintendent, $3,000; chief inspector, $2,800; 4 division inspec- tors, $2,800 each; 1 secretary, $2,250; 1 private secretary, $1,500; 2 clerks, secretary's office, $1,200 each; 1 drillmaster, $2,000; 1 stenographer, $1,200; 1 assistant stenographer, $600; 1 custodian, $1,323; 1 clerk detect- ives office, $1,500; 2 assistant clerks, detective's office, $1,200 each; 1 night clerk, $900; 16 captains at $2,250 each; 52 lieutenants $1,500 each; 1 sergeant, detective's office, $1,600; 1 assistant clerk, $1,200; 56 patrol sergeants, $1,200 each; 86 desk sergeants at $1,200 each; 25 matrons at $630 each; 2 photographers, $1,200 each; 50 detective sergeants, $1,212.75 each; 10 police court bailiffs, $1,000 each; 6 pound keepers, $771.75 each; 2 patrolmen at mayor's office, $1,000 each; 1 patrolman at comptroller's office, $500; 25 lockup keepers, $1,000 each; 2inspectors of pawnshops, $1,200 each; 4 inspectors of pawnshops, $1,000 each; 2 inspectors of vehicles, $1,200, each; 2 assistant inspectors of vehicles, $1,000 each; 250 patrolmen on duty at 66 GUIDE TO CHICAGO. bridges, street crossings, depots, etc., $1,000 each; 140 patrolmen, first-class, for duty on patrol wagons, $1,000 each; 1,750 patrolmen, first-class, for regu- lar duty, $1,000 each; 200 patrolmen (second class), for patrol duty, nire months at $60 per month; 6 engineers for police stations, $1,000 each; 6 assistant engineers for police stations (eight months) $551.25 each; 20 janitors at $530 each; 1 veterinary surgeon, $1,500; 1 assistant veterinary, $1,000; 15 hostlers, $630 each; 3 watchmen, $750 each; 6 drivers of supply wagons, $720 each; 70 drivers of patrol wagons, $720 each; 1 chief operator, police telegraph service, $1,3'IO; 1 assistant operator, $1,000; 85 operators, police telegraph service, at $720 each; 4 drivers for ambulances, $720 each. Total for salaries of police department for the year 1891, $2,485,242. Public Works Department Salaries. The salaries of subordinates are as follows: Secretary, $2,400; assistant secretary, $1,500; book-keeper, $2,400; assistant book-keeper, $2,000; clerk, $l,200;mino clerks from $600to $1,000. Sewerage Department Salaries. Superintendent, $3,500; 6 assistant engineers, $1,800 each; 6 rodmen, $900 each; chief clerk, $1,200; chief clerk of house drains, $1,800; permit clerk, $900; chief inspector house drains, $1,200; draughtsman, $1,200; draughtsman, $1,000. Special Assessment Department Salaries. The salaries of subordinates are as follows: Attorney, $2,700; assistant attorney, $1,800; chief clerk, $2,100; clerk, $1,800; clerk, $1,680; two clerks, $1,500 each; four clerks, $1,400 each; sixteen clerks, $1,200 each; clerk, $1,000; three clerks, $900 each. Street Department Salaries. The salaries of subordinates are as follows: Assistant superintendent, $2,000;chief clerk, $1,500; bill clerk, $1,200; permit clerk, $900; assistant permit clerk, $720; general clerk, $900; messenger, $720; chief sidewalk inspector, $1,500; superintendent of house moving, $1,800 (paid from fees). Telephone Department Salaries. Chief operator, $1,300; assistant chief operator, $900; 71 operators, $720 each; 7 repairers, $1,000 each; 2 battery men, $900 each; 2 hostlers, $620 each; driver, $720; operator bridge tele- phone office, $720; 12 operators bridge telephone system, nine months, $472. 50 each. The Mayor and Council Salaries. The government of the city of Chicago is vested in a mayor, elected for two years, salary $7,000, and a city council, composed of sixty-eight aldermen, 01 two from each of the thirty-four wards, who receive a per diem for actual services, the total of which amounted this year to about $15,000. One alderman is elected from each ward on alternate years. The mayor is assisted in the performance of his duties by heads of departments and bureaus, as follows: Comptroller, $5,000; treasurer, includ- ingassistauts, $25,000, and interest on city deposits, his right to the latter being now in dispute; city clerk, $3,500; commissioner of public works, $5,000; city engineer, $3,500; counsel of corporation, $6,000; city attorney, $5,000; prosecuting attorney, $4,000; general superintendent of police, $5,000; chief marshal of fire department, $5,000; superintendent of fire alarm telegraph, $3, 675; commissioner of health, $4,000; city collector, $4,000; superintend- ent of special assessment, $3,500; superintendent of street department, $3,500; mayor's secretary, $2,500; mayor's assistant secretary, $1,500; mayor's messenger, $2,000. CHICAGO AS IT IS. 67 PARK SYSTEM. The Park System of Chicago was designed and is conducted upon an elaborate scale. In its entirety the area covered by the different parks and public squares within the city limits embraces 1,974.61 acres. This is exclusive of the ground covered by park boulevards. The Park System proper is divided into three divisions, each division being under the control of Park Commissioners, elected by the Courts. Thus we have three boards : The South Park Commissioners, the West Park Commis- sioners and the North Park Commissioners. The parks under the supervi- sion of these commissioners are maintained by direct tax upon the respective divisions of the city. Under control of the city government are a number of small parks, squares and " places," which are maintained at the expense of the city treasury. [See "Area of Parks and Public Squares."] The parks of Chicago form, with the boulevards as their connecting links" [See Map], a chain around the city, both ends of which are anchored in Lake Michigan. Only a very few years ago complaint to the effect that the great parks of the city were too fa"r removed from the people, and practically inaccessible to the very class whom they were intended to serve, was general. Now, however, they are becoming the nuclei around which populous districts are growing. In a few years, instead of being on the outskirts of the city, they will be breathing places in its interior. For the visitor, all the parks are within convenient reach. Cable lines or street cars will carry you to any of them at the uni- form rate of five cents. Trains on the Illinois Central will take you to Jack- son Park (South Park Station) and return for twenty-five cents. The great parks are grouped as follows : SOUTH SIDE. Jackson Park take Illinois Central train foot Randolph, Van Buren, Sixteenth, Twenty-second, Twenty-seventh or Thirty -first streets, or Cottage Grove avenue cable line. Washington Park take State street or Cottage Grove avenue cable line, the former for Grand boulevard, the latter for Drexel boulevard entrance. Park phaetons convey visitors around Wash- ington and Jackson parks, touching or stopping at all points of interest, for 25 cents per adult passenger ; 15 cents for children. WEST SIDE. Douglas Park take West Twelfth street or Ogden avenue cars. Garfield Park take West Madison street cable or West Lake street cars. Humboldt Park take Milwaukee avenue cable line, or West North avenue cars. s NORTH SIDE. Lincoln Park takeN. Clark or Wells street cable line- to main entrance; take North State street cars to Lake Shore Drive en trance. Persons desiring to take other conveyances can make their selection from the hackney cabs, hansoms, coupes, etc., found at downtown stands. [See hack and cab rates.] Carriage arrangements may be made by telephone ?0 &UIDE TO CHICAGO* are known collectively and familiarly as "The South Parks." The cost to the city of the ground which they cover was $3,208,000. They are as yet in their infancy, but even now they rank among the finest parks in the world. Ashland Boulevard. From West Lake street to West Twelfth street, or, rather, from Union Park south to the boulevard extension of West Twelfth street, which makes the connection with Douglas Park. The finest residence street of the West Division. Elegant mansions rise on either side, from Mon- roe street south. There are also some handsome church edifices on the boule- vard, among them the Union Park Congregational, opposite Union Park; the Third Presbyterian, between Madisonand Monroe; the Fourth Baptist, nearthe intersectionof Ashland and Ogden avenues, and Epiphany Episcopalian, atthe southeast corner of Adams street. The boulevard is a fashionable drive. It is paved with asphaltum, and is the most perfect roadway in the city. This boulevard connects Washington with Twelfth, thus completing a circular drive which includes Douglas, Garfield and Union Parks. Central Boulevard. Connects Garfield with Humboldt Park; one and a half miles in length; average width, 250 feet. Leaves Garfield Park at West Kinzie street, runs north to Central Park avenue, east along Indiana street to Sacramento Square, north to Augusta street and Hurnboldt Park. This, like other West Side boulevards, has been neglected up to the present time, but improvements are now contemplated or under way which will make it a magnificent avenue. Even as it is at present, it is a pleasant drive between the two parks. Douglas Boulevard. Running from the west side of Douglas Park, at Albany avenue, west seven-eighths of a mile, then north seven eighths of a mile, to Garfield Park. The roadway is kept in good repair and the drive is a beautiful one; but up to the present time, like the other West park boule- vards, it has not received proper attention. The work of improvement, how- ever, will now go on rapidly, and it is expected to be one of the finest of the boulevards before 1893. It is a very popular drive, for the circuit from Union Park to Garfield, then via Douglas boulevard to Douglas, and thence back by Ogden and West Twelfth street boulevards to Ashland boulevard and point of departure, completes a perfect summer evening's ride. Douglas Park. Area, 179.79 acres; situated four miles southwest of the Court-house; bounded on the north by West Twelfth street, on the south by West Nineteenth street, on the east by California avenue and on the west by Albany avenue. The district in the vicinity of this park was almost entirely destitute of residences ten years ago. Within a decade it has been built up, however, until those who have not visited the section for four or five years, or even two years, would hardly recognize it as the same. The popularity of the park, which has always been a beautiful piece of ground, has increased with the growth of the neighborhood and the improvement of the streets and drives in the vicinity. Douglas Park is beautifully laid out, well wooded and admirably situated. It has been cared for nicely of late years, and its lawns and flower beds bear evidence of skillful and faithful attention. Some of the avenues through this park are not surpassed by any in the city. The lake covers an area of seventeen acres. There is a handsome boat-house and refectory here. Douglas Park also has a medicinal artesian well with prop- erties similar to those at Garfield and Humboldt Parks. The conservatories and propagating houses are among the largest of the system. [See Con- servatories.] Vast improvements are promised for Douglas Park within the next two years. CHICAGO AS IT IS. 71 Drexel Boulevard. The eastern entrance to Washington Park commences at Oakwood boulevard and the junction of Cottage Grove avenue and Thirty- ninth street. It is a double driveway, 200 feet wide for its entire length, running south to Drexel avenue and southwest from that point to the park. Through the center is a wide strip of sward, covered here and there with beau- tiful shrubs, rose bushes and mounds. Upon the latter, which are interspersed with flower-beds of beautiful design, appear, during the summer season, unique figures wrought from flowers and foliage, and which attract thousands of sightseers annually. At the intersection of Drexel avenue is a magni- ficeut bronze fountain, presented by the Messrs. Drexel of Philadelphia, in memory of their father, after whom the boulevard was named. On either side of the drivewaysare to be seen some of the handsomest mansionsand prettiest villas of Chicago. At the head of the boulevard, a few steps from the Cottage Grove avenue cable line, is the "Cottage" from which phaetons start, at intervals through the day, for a circuit of the South Parks. Gage Park. Area, 20 acres; situated at the junction of Western avenue and Garfleld boulevard. It is laid out with trees, and will become a popular halting or half-way station, when the boulevards which enter it are com- pleted. Garfield Boulevard. The first link in the chain which is intended to con- nect the South Park with the West Park system; 200 feet wide; extends along Fifty-fifth street from Washington Park to Gage Park, a distance of about four miles, in a direct westerly course. This boulevard is in good condition for driving, and soon will be completed. The plan is for a cen- tral driveway, bordered by grass and rows of trees outside of which there is to be on one side a roadway for equestrians, aud on the other a carriageway, the whole to be lined with elm trees. Garfield Park. Area 185. 87 acres, situated four miles directly west of the Court-house; bounded by Madison street on the south, Lake -street on the north, and running a mile and a half west from the head of Washington boulevard. This was formerly known as Central Park. The name was changed in memory of President Garfield. The lake in the center of the park covers an area of 17 acres. The park is extremely picturesque, the drives and promenades being laid out in the most enchanting manner. The boat- house is one of the finest to be seen in the park system. There is a hand- some fountain here, the gift of Mrs. Maricel Talcott, and an artesian well which furnishes half the city with medicinal mineral water. It is 2,200 feet deep, and discharges at the rate of 150 gallons per minute. The water is recommended for anaemia, diseases of the stomach and kidneys, and rheu- matic disorders. Garfield Park is beautiful as it is, but just at present it is receiving the attention of West Side citizens, who contemplate making many improvements. Opposite the west end of the park on Madison street is the West Side Driving Park; west of the park near the Lake street side are the exten- sive shops of the West Division Railway Company. Just beyond the park on Madison street is the Fortieth street power-house of this company, and the terminus of the Madison street line. Connecting with the cable cars an elec- tric railway line is now in operation, which carries passengers through the town of Cicero, out by Austin, Oak Park, the Grant locomotive works and other attractive points. Grand Boulevard. The western entrance to Washington park; 198 feet in width; beginning at Thirty-fifth street and entering the park at its north- 72 GUIDE TO CHICAGO. western angle. Is bordered by a double colonade of elms and strips of sward. The road-bed is perfect for driving. On the western side a strip is reserved for equestrians. Toward the southern end another strip is reserved for speeding fast horses. It is one of the most fashionable drives in the city. Following up the avenue connecting with Grand boulevard you are carried past the "Retreat "and on to the Washington Park Race-track. By keep- ing on the same course you may return by the flower-beds and back via Drexel boulevard. Humboldt Boulevard. This boulevard is not completed nor in such con- dition as to be worthy of the attention of the visitor. It is intended to con- nect Lincoln and Humboldt parks. At present the drive between the two most used is along North avenue; a good street, which touches at the south- ern extremity of Lincoln and at the northern extremity of Humboldt. While on this subject if might be well enough to say that the entire system of western park boulevards are at this time receiving the serious attention of the public. It is thought that all will be much improved before 1893. [See West Park Improvement.] Humboldt boulevard as designed will be one of the most beautiful of the system. Wrightwood avenue will probably be taken to fill the gap between Lincoln park and the north branch of the Chi- cago river. As shown in the commissioner's plans, Humboldt boulevard runs west a mile and a quarter to Logan square, then south one-half mile to Palmer place, which extending north two blocks opens into a third division running south three-quarters of a mile into Humboldt park at North avenue. The boulevard proper will be 250 feet wide; Logan square 400 by 800 feet; Palmer place 4,000 by 1,750; total length of drive, three miles. Humboldt Park. Area, 200. 62 acres ; situated fo'ir miles northwest from the Court House ; bounded on the north by West North avenue ; on the south by Augusta street ; on the east by North California avenue, and on the west by North Kedzie avenue. This is one of the prettiest of the West Side parks. It is laid out beautifully, has a charming lake, splendid avenues; is clothed in superb foliage, and in the summer season makes a magnificent display of flowers. Its conservatory is conducted admirably. There is a mineral artesian well here, 1,155 feet in depth. This park is the popular resort of the northwestern part of the city, and forms one of the group of three in the West Division. Immense improvements are contemplated, both as regards the park proper and its boulevard connections. Jackson Park. Area, 586 acres ; about eight miles from the Court House; bounded by Lake Michigan on the east ; Stony Island avenue on the west ; Fifty-sixth street on the north ; and Sixty-seventh street on the south. This beautiful park has been brought into great prominence of late by reason of its selection as the site for a portion of the Columbian Exposition. About one-third of the park had been improved up to the present year, although immense works have been in progress for some time in preparing the unim- proved portion for the public. These works included excavating and dredg- ing for the chain of lakes which are to have connection with Lake Michigan ; bridge and breakwater construction ; leveling and embanking, and land- scape gardening on an extensive scale. The improved portion of the park is at the northern end. Here there is a broad stretch of sward which has been used frequently as a parade ground by the militia, and by large picnic parties. This is surrounded or hemmed in by a wooded avenue of great beauty, which opens upon a sea-wall and a beautiful view of Lake Michigan. There is [Engraved for The Standard Guide Company.] GEO. B. CARPENTER & CO .- FIFTH AVE. AND SOUTH WATER ST. (See "Guide."] CHICAGO AS IT IS. 73 erected here an immense shelter, of great architectural beauty, where thou- sands may, on occasion, be protected either from the heat of the sun or from a sudden rainfall. The trees and shrubbery in the improved part of the park, as well as the flowers, are very attractive, although the variety which one finds in some of the other parks is lacking. The number of trees and shrubs in the unimproved portion is comparatively small. About Sixty-first street there is one clump of oaks and maple, shot here and therewith buncheg of fiery sumac. There is another and a larger grove west and north of this. Beyond there, except for a few small bunches and a fringe along the west fence, the unimproved portion is unbroken by wood. Jackson park will have undergone such alterations before the close of the present year that time spent in describing it as it is to-day would be time wasted. The opportunity of making it the grandest park of the system presents itself, and it will undoubtedly be taken advantage of. [See "World's Columbian Exposi- tion."] Jackson Boulevard. West Jackson street from Halsted street to Gar- field Park has finally been declared a boulevard by the Supreme Court. The Park Commissioners will have the boulevard fully improved before the close of 1891. Lake Shore Drive. This is the grandest boulevard drive in Chicago. Beginning at the North Side Water- Works on Pine street it skirts the lake to the northern extremities of Lincoln Park, where it connects with Sheridan Road, which is nearly completed for 25 miles along the north shore. Before reaching the park some of the most magnificent mansions in the city are passed ou the left. On the right is a fringe of sward, dotted with flower-beds and covered with beautiful foliage in the summer months. The lake beats against an embankment to the right, and frequently the spray is dashed across the flower-beds when the sea is high. Reaching the park you pass through beautiful avenues until you strike the Drive again. Here vast improvements are being made. Some years ago the State legislature gave the Lincoln Park Commissioners the right to issue bonds for $300,000 with which to defend the shore line against the encroachments of storm-tossed Lake Michigan. With that sum as a nucleus the commissioners designed and began work on a system of improvements which, when completed, will have cost a sum many times that raised from the original issue of bonds. Enough has now been finished to give a general idea of the work as it will appear when a continuous 3ea-wall will extend from Ohio street to almost the extreme northern limit of the city. The work was commenced in the Spring of 1888 at the foot of North avenue. Several hundred feet out in the lake a line of piles was driven. Powerful dredging-machines were placed in position and slowly but surely acre after acre was reclaimed from the lake. It is at this point that the Lake Shore Drive joins the boulevard now in course of construction. It will be finished this year. The breakwater proper rests on piles driven thirty-five feet into the sand. On this foundation granite blocks are Kid and securely cemented. Back of this starts the paved beach, forty feet in width, slanting at an angle of about twenty degrees until it meets the granilethtc promenade. This promenade is the most attractive feature of the improvement and is destined to become famous. Imagine a twenty-foot promenade, smooth as glass, three miles in length, with Lake Michigan vainly striving to scale the paved beach to the east of it, and a grand boulevard lined with carriages to the west of it ; a promenade commanding on one side a magnificent view of the lake, and on the other a 74 GUIDE TO CHICAGO. prospective of Lincoln Park with all its natural and acquired beauties. There is nothing rigid in the lines of the promenade or boulevard. Without detracting from the attractiveness of the sweeping crescent described by the sea-wall at Jackson Park, it must be said that the sinuous curves marking the contour of the Lincoln Park beach, promenade, boulevard and canal, are more artistic and pleasing. The old shore-line has been followed as nearly as pos- sible. It is hard to improve on nature. With the shifting sands as the only obstacle to check their course, the waves have drawn along the beach curves such as would delight a follower of Hogarth. When they planned the out- lines of the drive-way the commissioners wisely decided to follow nature. They have made no mistake. The objective point is Diversey avenue, the northern limit of the park. Here the regatta course will end, but the sea- wall and boulevard will be continued by the people of Lake View, who pro- pose to make the Sheridan Road and the Lake Shore Drive continuous. The sea-wall will be extended to Byron avenue, opposite Graceland cemetery. It is thought that the park commissioners will be able to complete their part of the work by the commencement of next winter. They will then have added 100 acres to the area of the park, and have given to Chicago a boule- vard and regatta course unequaled in the world. Between the new boulevard and the park there will be three connecting points. There will be land con- nection at the north and south ends of the park and a bridge at a point oppo- site Webster avenue. The canal will connect with the lake at two points, one opposite Wisconsin street and the other at Fulton avenue. The boulevard will cross these connections on steel swinging bridges of a special construction. It will be several years before the dreams of the designer will be fully realized. Rows of shade trees will be planted to the east of the boulevard, and between the trees and the edge of the regatta course the sloping lawn will be beautified in the highest style of the landscape gardener's art. Between the west shore of the regatta course and the present Lake Shore Drive is a tract of land now piled high with stone and pine bark. This will be made one of the finest features of the park. Planked thus on either side by verdure-decked banks, the canal will wind its sinuous course towards what was Fisher's garden. At no point will this placid stretch of water be less than 150 feet in width, while the average is nearer 200. At the ends it is widened to 350 feet, so as to permit boats to make a sweeping turn. Hardly less important is the improvement contemplated by the Lincoln Park Com- missioners and the property owners Mho own the land fronting the lake between Elm and Oak streets. The sea-wall ends at Elm street on the south. With it the Lake Shore Drive practically comes to an end. The problem which has ever confronted the boards of park commissioners is to connect the North and South Side boulevard systems. In a recent message to the city council. Mayor Cregier suggested that Michigan boulevard be con- nected with a viaduct extending over the Illinois Central tracks and crossing the river at some point between Rush street and the lake. An expensive plan, there seems to be no other available. It is proposed to swing the boulevard out into the lake, starting at Elm street. It will curve out 1,000 feet from the present line and strike the existing beach at the foot of Ohio street. The Lake Shore Drive has for years been the fashionable rendezvous of the North Side. Thousands of carriages linethe beautiful embankmenton summerafternoons. Lincoln Park. Area, 250 acres, two and a half miles in width by one and a half miles in length; bounded by Lake Michigan on the east; Clark street on the west; North avenue on the south, and Diversey street on the south. CHICAGO AS IT IS. 75 The southern portion was formerly a cemetery. The tomb of the Couch family remains; all others were long since removed. First board of commis- sioners appointed in 1869, since which time it has been under State super- vision. There is embraced within this small piece of territory perhaps more attractions than can be found in any park of the country. "Where nature left off art began, and the two have contributed toward making Lincoln Park the most charming in the city. The visitor will be delighted with the undulating character of the ground, the gracefully winding and curving avenues, which stretch out in every direction; the beautiful lakes, the handsome bridges, the splendid foliage, the magnificent statuary, the gorgeous banks, beds and avenues of choicest flowers, the rare and wonderful shrubbery, the pretty little dells, knolls and nooks, that lie half concealed beneath the noble trees, and last, though not least, with the zoological collection, which has contributed in no small degree toward making Lincoln Park famous. Here we find the Grant monument, facing Lake Michigan on the Lake Shore drive. This mag- nificent work of art was presented by the citizens of Chicago, and cost $100,000. Here, also, is the Lincoln statue, by St. Gaudieur, facing the main entrance, a splendid likeness of the great president, and pronounced one of the finest pieces of sculpture in the world. This statue cost $50.000, and was presented, together with a drinking fountain, by the late Eli Bates. Here, also, are the "Indian Group'"' in bronze, presented ^by the late Martin Ryerson; the La Salle monument, presented by Lambert Tree, and the Schiller monument, presented by German residents of Chicago. An entire day may be spent pleasantly by the visitor in Lincoln Park. The great conservatories, flower beds and zoological collection, can hardly be seen in less time. There is a comfortable refectory in the boat-house on the main lake. Boats may be rented at 25 cents an hour. Lincoln Park Palm-House. The plan of the new palm-house just erected at Lincoln Park, drawn by Architect Silsbee, shows a beautiful structure of steel and glass, light, airy and picturesque, sixty feet high, resting upon a bowlder foundation of split granite. The main building is 168x70 feet, with a rear exten- sion of seventy feet, making the entire length of the structure 238 feet. In front of the main building there is to be alobby 25x60 feet, which isapproached by a vestibule twenty feet square. The interior of the main building shows an unbroken stretch, save a few light supporting iron columns for the glass roof. The conservatory is in the rear of the palm house. It is thirty feet wide. At the extreme north end is a room 30x60 feet, which will be exclusively devoted to the culture of orchids. This room will be further beautified by a sort of observatory tower built of pressed brick and terra-cotta trimmings. The building will be erected on two terraces northeast of the present canal vista and the animals' summer quarters. The terraces occupy the space due north of the present green-houses. The latter structure will be removed as soon as the new palm-house is completed. The main approach to the palm-house will be from the floral gardens. The new house will cost $60,000. Michigan Avenue Boulevard. Michigan avenue, from .lackson street on the north to Thirty-fifth street on the south, a distance of three and a quarter miles. It is 100 feetwide from curb to curb, and skirts the Lake Front Park, the site for a portion of the Columbian Exposition. Formerly the ultra fash- ionable residence street of the city. Now undergoing a transformation. [See "Michigan Avenue."] Midway Plaisance. Area, 80 acres; a woodland drive connecting Wash- 76 GUIDE TO CHICAGO. ington with Jackson Park, and, although unimproved to any extent \vorth mentioning up to this year, one of the most beautiful and romantic avenues within the park system. It runs between Fifty-ninth and Sixtieth streets, and is one and one-tenth miles in length. The Midway Plaisance, with adjoining lands added, will become the site of a portion of the Columbian Exposition. The plans for improvement during the next two years are elab- orate. [See "World's Columbian Exposition.' j North and South Side Viaduct. If a great viaduct instead of a sub- way is decided upon it will take the following route: Beginning at a point on St Clair street south of Ohio, at a point where the Sheridan drive now terminates, the viaduct of solid masonry work fifty feet wide, exclusive of pedestrian ways on each side, takes its rise. South on St. Clair to Michigan street, thence southwestwardly across Michigan street and the parallel railroad tracks; thence south along and over a private street between Kirk's soap factory and the McCormick, thence by a drawbridge across the river and by a long span across the Goodrich steamer docks to Front street, west on Front to a private street which is a continuation of Cen- tral avenue, and south along this private street and Central avenue to the Randolph street viaduct, at which point it begins to fall. By easy stages from the viaduct in a southwestwardly direction, the new viaduct is traced across the northwest corner of the unimproved part of the Lake Front Park to Mich- igan avenue and Washington street, where it comes to the level of the avenue. Oakwood Boulevard. Connects Drexel and Grand boulevard*; 100 feet wide and half -a mile long. It enters Grand boulevard at Thirty-ninth street, and touches Drexel boulevard at its intersection with Cottage Grove avenue, Ogden Boulevard. Running southwest from the junction of West Twelfth street boulevard and Oakley avenue. Not yet completed, but being rapidly pushed forward. It will connect Ashland and West Twelfth street boule- vards with Douglas Park. Thirty-Fifth Street Boulevard. The connecting link between Grand and Michigan avenue boulevards; sixty-six feet wide and one-third of a mile in length. Union Park. Area, 14.3 acres; situated one and three-quarter miles directly west of the Court House; bounded by Warren avenue on the south, Lake street on the north, Ogden avenue on the east and Ashland avenue on the west. This park, one of the oldest in the city, only passed into the hands of the Park Commissioners a few years ago. Since then it has undergone many alterations and improvements. On the northeast corner of the park stands the headquarters of the West Park Board. The lake has recently been enlarged and rebedded; many unsightly mounds have been cut away, and every year will add to its attractiveness in the future. The portion of the park, through which Washington boulevard passes, is laid out in flower beds. This is one of themost popular West Side breathing places in thesummer, and on Sundays it is usually crowded. Washington Boulevard. The continuation of West Washington street, west from Halsted street to Garfield Park, and the driveway from the center of the city to the parks and boulevards of the West Park System. Passes through Union Park, a beautiful square. This boulevard is lined for the entire distance of nearly three miles with handsome residences. Large shade trees and a continuous strip of green sward fringe either side of the avenue. CHICAGO AS IT IS. 77 On Washington boulevard are many fine church edifices. The Chicago Theological Seminary is passed at Union Park and Warren avenue; the Episcopalian Seminary on the north side, west of California avenue. Washington Park, Area, 371 acres; situated about one and a quarter miles west of Lake Michigan and about six and a half miles southeast of the Court House; bounded on the east by Eankakee avenue, on the west by Cot- tage Grove avenue, on the north by Fifty-first street and on the south by Six- tieth street. The finest of Chicago's parks, more by reason of its magnificent entrances, Drexel and Grand boulevards, than by any great natural or artificial attraction of its own, although its flower beds are the most beautiful of any. It lacks many of the advantages which are enjoyed by Lincoln and Jackson Parks, the contiguity of the lake being of itself one of the greatest charms of the two last named. " It can not boast of a zoological garden that will com- pare with Lincoln Park's, nor of the magnificent monuments that are making the north shore park classical ground. But South Park has statelier trees, grander avenues, more sweeping perspectives, more charming drives than any other park in the city. It has the jamous "Meadow, "a stretch of velvety sward that covers 100 acres and the " Mere," with its thirteen acres of water, picturesquely sparkling behind long lines of ancient oaks and elms, and bath- ing the emerald banks of the mounds and knolls which almost conceal it from the view of the passing visitor. It has also its great conservatory [see Conservatories] and its splendid stables, which cover 325x200 feet, and through which you will be driven if you take a park phaeton. It has its delightful refectory, known as the " Retreat," where refreshments are served for man and beast, but its flower gardens are its greatest boas-t, and here the visitor will pause the longest, for the angle in front of the flower house is probably the most seductive spot Chicago has to offer the lover of the beauti- ful in nature. Here you will find, during the months between May and November, the best exhibition of the landscape gardening art in the world. Flowers and foliage are made to do, in the hands of the gardener, what the brush and palette accomplish for the artist. The designs are changed annu- ally, and are always original, always interesting and always lovely. An entire day can be very pleasantly spent in Washington Park. West Twelfth Street Boulevard. West from Ashland avenue to Oakley avenue, were it connects with Ogden boulevard, which runs in a southwest- erly direction to Douglas Park. This boulevard is planted with a double row of trees and parked through the center, street cars and traffic teams tak- ing the roadways on either side. It is a splendid driveway and is becoming more and more popular every year. Western Avenue Boulevard. A zig-zag boulevard is projected to connect Douglas Park with Western avenue, which it is proposed to boulevard south to Gage Park. From the latter point, a boulevard is to extend east to Wash- ington Park, thus connecting the West and South Side park systems. For some inscrutable reason the east and west boulevard last mentioned is called Garfield, probably with the idea in view of creating still more confusion in the nomenclature of streets, which is confused badly enough now to be a con- \ slant annoyance to residents. How strangers will be able to grapple with the intricacies of street, avenue and boulevard names is uncertain. The boule- vard known as Western avenue is not beyond the point of projection, and neither is the boulevard known as Garfield, but it is probable that the com- pletion of these connecting links will now be hastened, as they will open up a driveway from the great southwestern portion of the city to the Columbian Exposition ite. [See Map.] 78 GUIDE TO CHICAGO. City Parks. There are a number of small but very pretty parks scattered throughout the city, not under the control of the State Park Commissioners. These are maintained at the expense of the municipal government. Many of them, as a matter of fact, are of far more importance to the neighborhoods in which they are situated than the larger and more pretentious ones. Among these are the following: On the South Side: Lake Park, known more familiarly as the Lake Front ; bounded by Lake Michigan on the east, Michigan avenue boulevard on the west, Randolph street on the north and Park place on the south. From Randolph street to Madison has been vacant in the past; the space between Madison and Jackson has been covered with the B. & O. railroad passenger depot, the First Regiment Armory, Battery D Armory and the Inter-State Exposition buildings; and the space between Jackson street and Park place only has been improved as a park . The area of the park proper is forty -one acres. This is all made ground, having been recovered from the lake by filling in with the debris of the great fire. Lake Park has come into prominence of late by reason of its having been selected as the site of a portion of the Columbian Exposition [see ' ' World's Columbian Exposition "1. The park has been very popular with the business people of the South Side, not because of its attractions, but rather on account of the large area of free breathing space which it gives contiguous to the business center. Groveland twdWoodlawn parks adjoin each other on Cottage Grove avenue, near Thirty third street. Take Cottage Grove avenue car. These parks, together with the University grounds, which were opposite, were a gift from the Hon. Stephen A. Douglas. The University has been aban- doned, and the buildings removed. [See " University of Chicago."] The Dearborn Observatory, which was formerly attached to the University, has become a part of the Northwestern University at Evanston, the great tele- scope having been transferred to the care of that college by the trustees. [See Northwestern University.] Douglas Monument Square; area, 2.02 acres; situatedon the Lake shore, between Thirty-fourth and Thirty-fif thstreets, and close to the two parks last mentioned. Take Illinois Central train to Thirty- fifth street. Here stands the mausoleum and monument to Stephen A. Douglas [See "Douglas Monument"], a pretty little square; from which a splendid view of Lake Michigan may be obtained. Ellis Park; area, 3.38 acres; situated four miles south of the Court House; between Vincennes and Cottage Grove avenues, at Thirty-seventh street. Aldine Square; area, 1.44 acres; situated at Thirty-seventh street and Vincennes avenue, which is surrounded by beautiful private residences, and a number of other smaller squares and parks, farther to the south. West Side: Jefferson Park, area, 5.5 acres; situated between Adams street on the south, Monroe street on the north, Throop street on the east and Loomis street on the west. Take Adams street car to Centre avenue or Madison street cable line to Throop street. A beautiful and popular little park, with many attractive features. Vernon Park; area, 4 acres; situated between Gilpin place on the south, Macalister place on the north, Centre avenue on the east and Loomis street on the west. Two miles from the Court House. Take Adams street or West Taylor street cars. Wicker Park; area, 4 acres; situated in the triangle between Park, North Robey and Fowler streets; three miles northwest from the Court House. Take Milwaukee avenue cable line. North Side: Washington Square; area, 2.25 acres; situated between North Clark street, Dearborn avenue, Lafayette place and Washington place. This is a popular resort for North Siders who do not care to go as far as Lincoln Park, and for children. CHICAGO AS IT IS. 79 There are other parks and squares not mentioned here, such as Campbell and Congress parks on the West Side and Dearborn park on the South Side. The former has no attractions for the visitor. The latter is fenced in and is the proposed site of the new Public Library building. Its area is 1.43 acres, and it is situated on Michigan avenue, facing east, between Dearborn and Washington streets, opposite the jiorth end of the Lake Front. West Side Park Improvement. A committee of one hundred West Side residents has in charge the matter of improving the West Side parks and boulevards immediately. The step the property owners believe it necessary to take is the issuance of not less than $1,000,000 in bonds and the levying of a tax of not less than six mills. The' improvements contemplated are as fol- lows: The total length of Humboldt boulevard as planned is 13,238^ lineal feet, comprising an area of ninety acres. Logan square is 4GO feet wide, and Palmer square is the same. From Palmer square to North avenue the boule- vard is, for a considerable distance, 317 feet wide. Humboldt Park contains over two hundred acres. While less than half is improved and beautified at present, the whole is to be brought under the hand of the artist and land- scape architect within the next two years. Of the two and one-half miles of public streets fronting on Humboldt Park, but one and one-half miles are at present improved. The new plans contemplate the improvement and .orna- mentation of the whole distance. Central boulevard, from Augusta street to Grand avenue, a distance of 890 feet, is 400 feet wide; from Grand avenue to Sacramento square, a distance of 2,206 feet, it is 263 feet wide. Sacra- mento square is to be a 400 foot square, and from that point the boulevard is tobe 250 feet wide until it reaches Central Park square, which is a distance of 3, 662 feet. Central Park square is to be a 400-foot square. The seventy- five acres of uniiri proved grounds in Garfield Park are to be put in splendid order, and the three miles of unimproved public streets surrounding it are to be put in much better shape than the quarter of a mile of the same already improved. Douglas boulevard will be 250 wide from Colorado avenue to the square south of Twelfth street, which is a distance of 4,077 feet. The square will be the usual 400 feet, and the boulevard from that point to Doug- las Park will be 250 feet wide. Douglas Park has ninety-six and a half acres improved and eighty-three and a half acres unimproved. The latter is to be beautified under the new plans, and all the public streets which surround the park are to undergo a transformation. Southwestern boulevard will be 250 feet wide from the park to the east turn, which is a distance of 2.950 feet, and will run a uniform width for its whole length of 11,148 feet. The plans also include the addition of many attractions to the parks. These will include lakes in the now unimproved portions, buildings for the accommoda- tion of visitors, cafes, boating facilities, lawns, flowers, trees and pavilions. Tn short, the system when completed will be the finest in the world. The tot id length of all the boulevards ouside of the parks, as planned under the new order of things, is nearly eighteen miles. This will make the whole drive on the West Side nearly twenty-two miles. POLICE DEPARTMENT. The police department of the city of Chicago is under the official control of the mayor and is conducted by a general superintendent (Robert W. McClaughrey); an assistant superintendent (George W. Hubbard); a secretary 80 GUIDE TO CHICAGO. with the rank of captain (Jos. B. Shepard); a private secretary to the general superintendent (Thomas L. Perkine); a chief inspector (Fred. H. Marsh); four division inspectors (Lyman Lewis, commanding the first division; Nicholas Hunt, commanding the second division; Alexander 8. Ross, commanding the third division, and Michael J. Bchaack, commanding the fourth division) ; 16 captains, 52 lieutenants, 56 patrol sergeants and 86 desk sergeants. The total force, including officers and men, number 8,503. Bureau, of Identification. This bureau is in charge of Michael P. Evans, who has held the position almost continuously for the past 11 years. Under his management and by the aid of his valuable assistants (Geo. M. Porteous, Victor George, Andrew Rohan, Edgar Marsh, Sidney Wetmore and Walter Mueller), the bureau has become a valuable adjunct of the detective depart- ment. It contains the pictures of more than 12,000 criminals; many of them the most noted criminals in the country. The Bertillon system of measure- ments was adopted by the department some years ago, and is conducted by Geo. M. Porteous, whose knowledge of the system was acquired under ttie instruction of M. Bertillon, the father of the system at Paris, France. The Bureau now contains'the measurements of about 4,000 criminals. " Central Detail." This old, familiar title, as applied to those policemen who do -patrol duty during the day time in the central part of the city, at bridges, railroad depots, street crossings, etc., has been abolished. The Cen- tral Detail police are now attached to the " First Precinct, First District, First Division." This precinct patrols that portion of the South Division of the city lying north of the center of Van Buren street. It contains the greater portion of the wholesale mercantile and banking interests of the city, and has an area of about one square mile of territory, containing about 40,000 inhab- itants. The command at present includes the following officers; 1 captain, 3 lieutenants, 3 patrol sergeants, 3 desk sergeants, 164 patrolmen on permanent post duty, 57 patrolmen on patrol duty, 2 patrolmen in plain dress, 4 patrol- men detailed in signal service, 3 patrolmen detailed as vehicle inspectors, 1 patrolman detailed on licences. Total, 241. Cost of Maintenance. The amount appropriated for the maintenance of the Police Department in 1891 was, for salaries, new sites for buildings and for miscellaneous expenses, about $3,000,000. Detective Department. The Detective department and Bureau of Identi- fication (Rogues Gallery) is under the control of Chief Inspector F. H. Marsh, with headquarters at the City Hall. The force consists of 1 Chief Inspector, 1 Captain (John Shea), 1 Detective Sergeant (L. Hass), and 50 Detective Sergeants. They are not uniformed. Under the present organization the department has become very effective and has done some very fine detective work for which they have been very highly complimented. Division Headquarters and Precincts: The following are the Division Headquarters, with commanding officers and precincts as established in 1892 First Division: Inspector, Lyman Lewis. Headquarters, Harrison and Pacific Avenue. 1st District, 1st Precinct, City Hall, formerly the central detail. 2nd District, 2nd Precinct, Harrison and Pacific Ave. 2nd District, 3rd Precinct, 22nd and Wentworth Ave. 2nd District, 4th Precinct, 2523 Cottage Grove Ave. 3rd District, 5th Precinct, 144 35th St. (Stanton Ave.) 3rd District, 6th Precinct, Thirty-fifth near Halsted. 3rd District, 7th Pre- CHICAGO AS IT IS. 81 cinct, 2913 Deering St. 3rd District. 8th Precinct, (Brighton Park,) Califor- nia Ave., near 38th St. 3rd District, 9th Precinct, . Second Division: Inspector, Nicholas Hunt. Headquarters, 53rd St. and Lake Ave. 4th District, 10th Precinct, 53rd and Lake Ave. 4th District, llth Precinct, 50th and State St. 5th District, 12th Precinct (Woodlawn Station,) 321 63rd St. 5th District, 13th Precinct (Grand Crossing,) Dobson Ave bet. 75th and 76th Sts. 5th District, 14th Precinct (Kensington,) Ken- sington Ave. and Front St. 6th District, 15th Precinct (South Chicago,) 93rd and So. Chicago Ave. 6th District, 16th Precinct, (Hegewisch, 134th St. and Superior Ave. 7th District, 17th Precinct (Englewood,)64th St. and Went- worth Ave. 7th District, 18th Precinct, to be opened at 86th St. and Vin- cennes Ave. 8th District, 19th Precinct, Mattson and Halsted Sts. 8th Dis- trict, 20th Precinct, Third Division: Inspector, A? S. Ross. Headquarters, Desplaines and Waldo Place. 9th District, 21st Precinct, Morgan and Maxwell St. 9th Dis- trict, 22ud Precinct, Canalport Ave. near Halsted. 9th District, 23rd Pre- cinct, cor. Hinman and Paulina Sts. 9th District, 24th Precinct, West 13th St. near Oakley Ave. 9lh District, 25th Precinct (Lawndale.) 9th District, 26th Precinct. 10th District, 27th Precinct, Desplaines St. near Waldo Place. 10th District, 28th Precinct, 609 W. Lake St. 10th District, 29th Precinct, 256 Warren Ave. 10th District, 30th Precinct, W. Lake and.43rd St. 10th District, 31st Precinct, Fourth Division: Inspector, M. J. Schaack Headquarters, E. Chicago Ave. Station, llth District, 32nd Precinct, 233 W. Chicago Ave. llth Dis- trict, 33rd Precinct, 99 W. North Ave. llth District, 34th Precinct, W. North Ave. near Milwaukee Ave. llth District, 35th Precinct, Milwaukee Ave., and Attrell St. llth District, 36th Precinct (Irving Park,) Milwau- kee Ave. and Irving Park Blvd. llth District, 37th Precinct. 12th District, 38th Precinct, E. Chicago Ave., near N. Clark St. 12th District, 39th Precinct, Larrabee St. and North Ave. 12th District, 40th Precinct, 958 N. Halsted St. 13th District, 41st Precinct (Lake View,) Sheffield Ave., near Diversey St. 13th District, 42nd Precinct; Halsted and Addison Sts. 13th District, 43rd Precinct, Headquarters. The headquarters of the^ police department are located in the City Hall. Police Matrons. There are twenty-five matrons each receiving $630 per annum, they are employed at the principal precinct stations to care for females and children arrested. Under Chief McClaugh/ey an advisory board has been organized composed of ladies selected by the different women's organizations in the city, whose dnty it is to investigate and report to the General Superintendent the manner in which these matrons perform their duty, and to recommend such improvements as they deem proper. Patrol System. The Patrol Wagon system, which is worked to perfec- tion in this city, had its origin in Chicago. From the patrol boxes located at convenient corners, or by telephone from any point, place of business or residence, a patrol wagon containing from four to eight police officers may be summoned at any hour of the day or night. The response is quick, sur- prisingly so to strangers, who are always interested in its operation. The telephone and telegraph are constantly employed in connection with the police system of Chicago, and some arrests of dangerous and notorious 82 GUIDE TO CHICAGO. characters have been made within recent months by the operations of this system that could not have been accomplished under the old methods. The patrol service is also an ambulance corps, and renders valuable assistance in rescuing the injured in accidents, or in carrying to hospitals those who are suddenly stricken with illness. Besides the patrol wagons there are two regular ambulances connected with the department, and others are to be added. The number of patrol wagons in the service is 35. Policemen's Benevolent Association. Condition at d)se of 1891: Cash on hand January 1, 1891 $11,456 Receipts during 1891 62,915 Total ...$74 ,371 Expenditures during 1891 $67,558 Balance January 1. 189.i 6,813 The number of members in the association January 1, 1892, was 1,643. The officers for 1891 are: President, Sergt William Dollard; Vbe-Presi- dent, Sorgt. Rudolph Sanderson: Treasurer, Michael Brennan; Recording Secretary, Daniel Hogan; Financial Secretary, William S. McGuire. POPULATION STATISTICS. The present ratio of gain in the population of the city of Chicago is estimated at 1,000 per week. In the last twenty -two months, or, say ninety weeks intervening between the time of the completion of the school census, in June, 1890, and the present time, April, 1892, 90,000pers >ns would, there- fore, be added to the population of the city. The school census figures were 1,208,669. Add 90,000, and we have 1,298,669. Add additions to population by annexation, since June, 1890, say 10,000, and we have 1,308,669. It is perfectly safe, therefore, to claim for Chicago in the spring of 1892, in round numbers, a population of ONK MILLION THREE HUNDRED THOUSAND. The statements which follow are all based upon the last school census returns. Nationalities Represented. Chicago is a thoroughly cosmopolitan city. Less than one-fourth of her people are of American birth fully one-third of the 292,463 native-born citizens are of immediate foreign extraction. The following is a careful estimate of the nationalities represented. American 292,463 German .. 384,958 Irish 215,531 Bohemian 54,209 Polish 52,756 Swedish 45,877 Norwegian 44,615 English 33,785 French li.HW Scotch 11,927 Welsh ...* 2.96H Russian 9,977 Danes 9,891 Italians 9,921 Hollanders 4,912 Hungarians 4,827 Swiss 2,735 Roumanians 4,350 Canadians 0,PM) Belgians 682 Greeks 698 Spanish 97 Portuguese 34 East Indians 28 West Indians Sandwich Islanders 31 Mongolians 1,217 1,208,669 CHICAGO AS IT IS. 83 Population by Divisions. According to the census of 1880 the South Division had a population of 127,266, the West Division 276,321, and the North Division 99,717. Between 1880 and 1889 the West gained rapidly on the other sides, until, before the annexation of adjoining towns, it was esti- mated to contain two-thirds of all the inhabitants in the city. The acquisi- tion of the populous towns of Hyde Park and Lake, on the South, and Lake View and Jefferson, on the North, by the vote of 1889, however, swelled the population of these divisions to a point which considerably weakened the ascendency of the West Division. Growth by Wards. In order to illustrate the rapidity with which the population of Chicago increases, the following tables, showing the increase in the inhabitants of the different wards between 1888 and 1890 is given. Comparison is made between the school census returns of both years: Ward. Population in 1890. Population in 1888. Increase. 1 44,897 30,652 30,511 31,415 40,642 45,199 45,699 36,539 41,411 42,925 37,182 52,127 37,501 40,724 42,342 58.69P 28,333 3\126 48,590 27,126 35,335 36,505 41,519 35,120 32,333 26,964 28,052 26,236 40,067 40,513 36,398 33,497 36,592 33,435 32,298 ' 40,536 32,023 31,350 29,761 50,750 24,589 31.667 41,671 22,597 30,620 32,283 38,579 3;), 141 12,564 3,688 2,459 5,179 675 4,687 9,301 3,342 4,819 9,490 4,884 11,591 5,478 9,374 12.681 7,949 3,744 4,459 6,919 4,715 4,529 4,222 2,940 4,979 2 3 ... 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 2i 23... 24 These are the old wards. The population of the new wards must be com- pared with the population of the townships in which they are situated. Townships. Wards. LakeVieiv ] || Jefferson 27 Partof Cicero 28 (29 Lake ^30 1 31 (32 HydePark ^33 (34 Population in 1890. 23,788 28,003 11,368 8,785 31,139 49,718 21,586 29,412 29,236 29,611 Population in 1888. 1 46,164 11,552 6,850 1 84,585 i 67,062 Increase. 5,627 1,935 17,860 11,191 The large increase in the population of Jefferson was due to the fact that a great portion of it, containing about 4,000 persons, was annexed during 1889. 84 GUIDE TO CHICAGO. Following is the population by Divisions, according to the school census of 1890: Total population of South Division, comprising the South Town wards and those of Lake and Hyde Park, male, 222,077; female, 191,845; total. 413,922. Total population West Division, comprising the West Town wards and Twenty-eighth ward (annexed portion of Cicero), male, 297,722; female. 258,261; total, 555,983. Total population North Division, comprising the North Side wards and those of Lake Visw and Jefferson, male, 126,091; female, 112,673; total 238,764. Population Summary. Of the 1,208,669 inhabitants in Chicage in 1890, 645,890 were males and 562,779 were females. There were 735,435 persons over 21 years of age, of whom 409,676 were males and 325,759 were females. The total number of persons under 21, 473,204 ; 236,214 being males and 237,020 being females. The number of school children between 6 and 14 was males, 84,272 ; females, 81,344 ; total 165,621 . The total number of chil- dren under 6 was 183,801. The blind numbered 183 ; deaf and dumb, 427 males, 203 ; females, 224. The total number of pupils in private schools was 39,906 ; total number of pupils in public schools 135,551. The total number of children under 21 who had finished their studies was 35,246, while there were 35,246 who had to work but would have attended school had they an opportunity. The total number between 12 and 21 who could not read or write English was but 2,599, of whom 1,200 were males. The total number between 6 and 14 who did not attend school was 6,216. The colored people of all ages in the city were 14,490 7,932 males, 6,558 females. The Mongolians numbered 1,217, of whom only 10 were females. The population of the annexed districts was 262,640, as against 216,213 in 1889, and within the old city boundaries 946,029, as against 802,651 in 1889. Population of Cook County. The population of Cook County, 111., in which Chicago is situated, according to the United States Census of June, 1890, was 1, 189,258 against 607,524 in 1880. This is grossly incorrect. The pop- ulation of the county outside of the city is not less than 100,000, which, added to the estimate of 1,300,000 for the city at the present time, makes the population of Cook county 1,400,000. Population of Illinois. The population of Illinois, according to the United States census of June, 1890, was 3,801,285, which gave her the third place among the States of the Union New York ranking first and Pennsyl- vania, second. By census districts the count was as follows : First District 1,226,292 Second District 342,500 Third District 393,155 Fourth District 400,092 Fifth District 370,000 I Sixth District 384,928 Seventh District 382,940 Eighth District 352,378 Total 3,801,285 If the error made in the count of Chicago, which is included in the first district, be taken into account, and the gain in population since June, 1890, be added, the population of Illinois in April, 1891, can be fairly said to exceed four millions. */.'' Of j 31 f y CHICAGO AS IT IS. 85 POST-OFFICE. The limits or jurisdiction of the postmaster of the Chicago Post-office covers leas than one-third of the area of the city proper, the outlying post- offices being entirely distinctive, and having postmasters of their own. [See " Outlying Chicago Post-Offices."] The central or general office is located in the business portion of the city. It has eleven carrier stations and twenty sub-postal stations, distributed at various points within said jurisdiction. The force employed consists of about 769 regular carriers, 200 substitute carriers, 842 regular clerks, sixty substitute clerks, and about 90 persons in charge of Sub Stations and Stamp Agencies, making a total of 1701 paid employes. Of this force, 105 carriers, 57 horses and 52 wagons are employed in the collection of the mail from the street letter-boxes. Branch Offices. The city branch post-offices, or sub-stations, are located as follows : North Division Station, 355 and 359 N. Clark, N. W. corner of Oak, Supt. Theodore Stemming; Northwest Station, 51 7 Milwaukee av.,Supt. W. L. Householder; West Division Station, W. Washington, cor. S. Halsted, Supt. John Davy ; West Madison Street Station, 981 W. Madison, Supt. R.F. Taylor; Southwest Station, 543 Blue Island ave., Supt. John Vanderpoel; South Division Station, 3217 State, Supt. Joseph Harvey ; Cottage Grove Station, 3704 Cottage Grove ave., Supt. Peter H. Witt ; Stock Yard Station, S. Hal- sted cor. 42d, Supt. Frank H. Ketchum ; Lake View Station, 1353 Diversey ave., Supt. Hbnry Bonnefoi ; Humboldt Park Station, 1576 Milwaukee ave., Supt. Henry Spink ; Hyde Park Station, 142 Fifty-third, Supt. H. A. Phillips. Sub-Postal Stations : Twenty-second Street Station, 86 Twenty- second, Supt. E. F. Brooks ; Ogden Avenue Station, 324 Ogden ave., Supt. Wm. E. Waite. City Delivery. Free delivery of letters by faithful carriers will be secured by having the letters addressed to the street and number. Closing of Foreign Mails Foreign visitors will be guided by the following rules of the closing of mails: Mails for Great Britain and Ireland dispatched in closed bags as follows: Sundays, Mondays and Thursdays via New York, close 4 P. M. For Denmark, Norway and Sweden, dispatched in closed bags, Sundays, Mondays amd Thursdays close 4 p. M. For Germany, dis- patched in closed bags, Mondays and Thursdays. For China, Japan, New Zealand, Australia, Sandwich Islands, Fiji Islands, Samoa, and special addressed matter for Siam, close daily at 2 p. M., sent to San Francisco for dispatch in closed bags from that office. Note: Mails for countries not named above close daily 4 p. M. and are sent to New York for dispatch in the closed bags from that office. For Canada, Province Ontario and Quebec, close 7 A. M. and 8 p. M. daily except Sunday, Sunday 5 p. M. Hamilton (city), Ontario, Toronto (city), Ontario, special despatch close daily at 2:30 P. M. Quebec, London special dispatch close daily 10 A. M. Mail for above points close Sundays 5 p. M. For Nova Scotia, New Brunswick, Prince Edward's Island and Newfoundland close daily at 8:15 A. M. and 7 and 8 P. M. For British Columbia and Manitoba, close daily at 2 A. M. Foreign postage tables will be found in the public lobbies of the main and branch offices. For Mexico, close daily at 8:15 A. M, and 8 P. M. 86 GUIDE TO CIICAGO. Increase of Business. The following shows the business of the Chicago Post-office for the five years ending Jan'y 1, 1892, and the probable increase, providing the same ratio is maintained for the five years ending June 30, 1895: GROSS REVENUE. GKOSS DISBURSE- MENTS. Amount. Increase per cent. Amount. Increase per cent. 1885 1836 $1,930,363 2,0; 6,274 2,226,841 2,470,439 2.7S4,304 H,126,?40 3,445,75? ' ' ' f-'.o 10.0 11.0 12.7 12.3- 10.2 $ 726,860 769,441 8^6,146 868,782 964,418 1,131,474 1,2,17,832 6.9 8.7 3.9 11.0 17.3 9.4 1887 1888 1889 189!) 1891 COMING FOUR YEARS. 18!) i | $3,797,233 10.2 1 1 $1 354 188| 9 4 1893 4 184 539 10 2 II 1 481 4811 9 4 1894 4,611,361 10.2 1,620,740 94 1895 5,081,198 10.2 1 1,773,0491 94 In this table the rate of increase is estimated by the same method adopted in reference to the New York office. But, unless all expectations prove delu- sive, the increase in the receipts of the Chicago office will far outrun these figures. It would not surprise any observer of the growth of Chicago and the expansion of its business, if these should be so accelerated during the next two years from natural causes and by reason of the World's Fair that the receipts of this post-office for the year ending June 30, 1893 should bound up to $6.000,000. In that event, which is entirely within probability, the urgency for increased post-office accommodations to take care of such busi- ness is 50 per cent, greater here than in New York, for our local office is already accomplishing more with proportionately less facilities and expendi- tures than is the New York office. Inspector's Department. Located Room 93 of Post-office building: Inspector, James E. Stuart, in charge of Chicago Division, comprising the States of Illinois, Iowa, Michigan, Wisconsin, Minnesota and Dakota. Assis- tants : Angrew Irle, Miss Lenore Mooney, Herbert Towlson. The Inspector in charge has fifteen Inspectors under his supervision with 10,000 postmasters and their innumerable employes to look after. All cases of irregularities, depredations or violations of postal laws, should be reported to the Inspector. [There is a very general misconception of the duties of the Inspector. He is in reality the' personal representative of the Postmaster- General. To him is submitted all matters concerning the management of Post Offices, the establishment of new Offices, the plans of new buildings, the bonds of Post Musters, the fitness of applicants, etc., etc. The work on dep- redations is but a small part of the volume of business done bvtlie Inspectoral Chicago. Major James E. Stuart, the present Inspector at this point, has been connected with the department for fifteen years, and is recognized as one of the most efficient officers in the service. CHICAGO AS IT IS. 87 International Money Order System. Orders can be obtained upon any money-order office in Great Britain and Ireland, Germany, Austria, Belgium, Holland, Denmark, Sweden, Norway, Switzerland, Italy, Canada, France, Algeria, Japan, Portugal, The Hawaiian Kingdom, Jamaica, New Zealand, New South Wales, Hungary, Egypt, and Hong Kong, India and Tasmania, Queensland, Cape Colony, The Windward Islands and the Leeward Islands for any sum not exceeding $50 in United States currency. No singleorder issued for more than $50. Parties desiring to remit larger sums must obtain addi- tional money-orders. There is no limit to the number of orders in the Inter- national Money-order System. The fees for all International Money-orders, are on ordersnot exceeding $10 10 cents ; over $10 and notexceeding $20 20 cents ; $20 and not exceeding $30 30 cents ; $30 and not exceeding $40 40 cents ; $40 and not exceeding $50 50 cents. Mail Train Service. There are 289 mail trains arriving and departing from the city daily, excepting Sunday ; of these trains 174 have railway post-offices attached, in' which 362 clerks are daily employed in the distribution of the mails while in transit. In addition to this number of railway clerks, a force of thirty-three clerks employed by the Chicago post-office is sent out on the night trains to the meeting point of incoming railway post-office trains, on which they return to distribute and make up the mail for the main office and stations, for immediate delivery by carriers upon arrival. This system of quick delivery of incoming mails was instituted by the present postmaster. Col. James A. Sexton. By this method sixty -five to seventy per centum of the mails received during the twenty-four hours is placed upon the counters of banks and business houses in the business portion by 9 o'clock in the morning. There are 110 separate mails closed daily for despatch, the first close being made at 3:20 A. M., and the last at 10:30 p. M. A corresponding number of mails is received daily. There are also used daily 1,014 leather bags, and 2,930 canvas bags in conveying the mails to and from the post- office and railway trains. The weight of the empty bags alone amounted to 3,249,253 pounds for the year. The headquarters of the 6th Division Rail- way Mail Service, comprising the States of Illinois, Iowa, Nebraska, and Wyoming Territory, are located in Chicago. In this division 886 railway clerks are employed in the distribution of the mails on the cars. During the year ending June 30. 1891, these clerks traveled 139,435,380 miles. The Division of Post-office Inspectors, comprising the States of Illinois, Iowa, Wisconsin, Michigan, Minnesota and the two Dakotas, have their headquarters here. Officers of the Post-office The principal officers of the post-office are : Postmaster, James A. Sexton; Assistant Postmaster, John M. Hubbard; Supply Clerk, J. W. Ward; Record Clerk, John Matter; Superintendent of mails, John A Montgomery, Private Secretary, Horace H. Thomas; Cashier, Charles Catlin; Book-keeper, T. R. Melody; Superintendent of City Delivery, M. J. McGrath ; Superintendent Money order Division, H. P. Thompson ; Superintendent of Registry Division, R. T. Howard. Outlying Chicago Post-offices. There are, aside from the general post-office and its branches in the different divisions of the old city, fifty-eight separate and distinct post-offices within the corporate limits of Chicago, as follows: Argyle Park, corner Winthrop avenue and Argyle street; Auburn Park, corner Seventy-ninth and Wright streets; Avondale, corner of Kenzie and Belmont avenues; Bowmanville, Lincoln avenue, near Fifty-ninth street; GUIDE TO CHICAGO. Buena-Park, opposite railroad station of lhat name; Burnside Crossing, cor- ner Cottage Grove and Lyon avenues; Calumet, Clinton, near Eighty-ninth street; Central Park, 4131 West Lake street; Cheltenham, 159 Cheltenham place; Chicago Lawn, corner Sixty-third street and Central Park avenue; Colehour, 10301 Avenue K; Cragin, opposite railroad station of that name; Crawford, Butler avenue, near Twenty-fourth streeet; Cummings, Torrence avenue, near One Hundred and Seventh street; Dunning, corner of Cherry street and Irving Park boulevard; Edgewater, on Chicago & Evanston rail- road; Elsdon, Fifty-first street, near Trumbull avenue; Englewocd, 6211 Wentworth avenue; Englewood Heights, corner Eighty-ninth and Page streets; Forest Glen, corner Elston and Forest Glen avenues; Forest Hill, corner Seventy -ninth and Robey streets; Gano, corner One Hundred and Sixteenth and Dearborn streets; Grand Crossing, corner Seventy-fifth street and Wilson avenue; Havelock, corner Front street and Cemetery avenue. Hegewisch, 13303 South Chicago avenue ; Herinosa, Armitage street, near Keeney; High Ridge, corner Weber avenue and Chicago & North-Western railway; Irving Park, Charles avenue, near Irving Park boulevard; Jefferson, Milwaukee avenue, near Maynard street; Judd, corner Ninety-third street and Washington avenue; Kensington, Kensington avenue, near Front street; Linden Park, corner Robinson avenue and Einzie street; Mandell, corner West Forty-eighth and Harrison streets; Maplewood, corner of Evergreen and Maplewood avenues; Mayfair, St. James street, near Franklin; Mont Clare, at the railroad station of that name; Moreland, corner West Forty- eighth and Kinzie streets; Pacific, at the railroad station of that name; Park Manor, 6760 South Chicago avenue; Parkside, Stony Island avenue, near Sixty-ninth street; Pullman, corner Morse avenue and One Hundred and Twelfth street; Ravenswood, east of Ravenswood park, near Wilson avenue; Riverdale, corner Indiana avenue and One Hundred and Thirty-sixth street; Roseland, corner Michigan avenue and Union street; Simons, Kimball ave- nue, near Bloomingdale road; South Chicago, 9150 Commercial avenue; South Englewood, corner Vincennes avenue and Halsted street; South Lynne, Sixty-fifth street and Chicago, St. Louis & Pittsburgh railroad; Sum- merdale,near Fifty-ninth street and Ravenswood park; Washington Heights; Wildwood, Indiana avenue, near One Hundred and Thirty-third street; Woodlawn Park, corner Sixty-third street and Illinois Central railroad. Post-office Bvilfling. Located on the square bounded by Adams street on the north, Jackson street on the south, Dearborn street on the east and Clark street on the west, in the heart of the business center, within easy walk- ing distance of all the great hotels, railroad depots and street car terminals. The erection of the building was commenced in 1871, after the great fire, in which the old post-office building, northwest corner of Dearborn and Mon- roe streets, where the First National Bank building now stands, was destroyed. Architecturally and mechanically the structure is a failure. Although costing in the neighborhood of $5,000,000, it has been an eyeaore to the people of Chicago, a perfect blot upon the architectural beauty of the city, and inconvenient, inadequate and unsafe for the purposes to which it is dedicated. When erected it was supposed to be large enough to meet the demands of the Chicago postal service for fifty years to come. Inside of ten years it proved to be too small. The building as it stands to-day is hardly worth a description. The visitor, however, will be interested in walking through it, because of the immense volume of business conducted CHICAGO AS IT IS. 80 there, and the bustling crowds to be met with in the corridors. A new post- offlce to cost between $5,000,000 and f 6,000,000 will shortly take its place. Whether the same site will be occupied is not definitely settled at this writ- ing. The building is also occupied by the Custom-house officers and the United States courts. Postal Notes. Postal notes for sums not exceeding $4.99 will be issued on payment of a fee of three cents each. These notes are made payable to bearer at any money order office in the United States which the purchaser may designate. Railway Mail Service. Room 83 Postofflce building. Superintendent of Sixth Division, L. L. Troy; Asst. Supt., E. L. West. Railway Post-offices. Railway post-offices are established on all lines from Chicago. These offices run upon nearly all trains, and letters may be mailed at the cars up to the moment prior to the departure of the trains. Stamps of the denomination of two cents may be had at the cars. Rates of Postage. The letter rate of postage is two cents for each ounce, or fraction thereof, throughout the United States and Dominion of Canada. The postage on letters dropped in the office for delivery in the city is two cents per ounce. All letters must be fully prepaid by stamps. The following classes of letters are not advertised: Drop letters, box letters, letters directed and sent to hotels and thence returned to the post-office as unclaimed; letters returned from the dead-letter office to writers, and card request letters; circu- lars, free packets, containing documents, speeches, and other printed matter. N. B. A request for the return of a letter to the writer within thirty days or less, written or printed with the writer's name, post-office and State across the left-hand side of the envelope, on the face side, will be complied with. Such letters will be returned to the writer free of postage. Mail Matter of the Second Class. This class embraces newspapers and )ther periodical publications, issued not less than four times a year, from a inown office of publication, and bearing a date of issue, and which have no iloth, leather, or other substantial binding. Such publications must have a legitimate list of subscribers, and must not be designed primarily for adver- tising purposes, or for free circulation. The rate of postage on second-class wiatter, when sent from the office of publication (including sample copies), or v;hen sent from a news agent to actual subscribers, or to other news agents, is one cent per pound, or fraction thereof; but if sent by any other than the publisher, or a news agent, is one cent for each four ounces, or fraction hereof. Mail Matter of the TJiird Class. This class embraces transient news- papers and periodicals, books (printed), photographs, ciiculais, proof-sheets, and corrected proof-sheets with manuscript copy accompanying the same, and all matter of the same general character, as above enumerated. The rate of postage is one cent for each two ounces, or fractional part thereof, except on transient newspapers and periodicals of the second class, which will be one cent for each four ounces, or fraction thereof. Mail Matter of tlie Fourth Ckus. This class embraces labels, patterns, playing cards, addressed tags, paper sacks, wrapping paper, and blotting pads, with or without printed advertisements thereon, bill heads, letter heads, envelopes plain, or printed addresses thereon, ornamented paper, and all 90 GUIDE TO CHCAGO. other matter of the same general character. Thisclass also includes merchan- dise and samples of merchandise, models, samples of ores, metals, minerals, seeds, &c., and any other matter not included in the first, second or third classes, and which is not in its form or nature liable to damage the contents of the mail bag, or harm the person. Postage rate thereon, one cent for each ounce, or fraction thereof. Receipts and Revenues of t/ie Chicago Post-office. The receipts and dis- bursements of the Chicago oilice and sub stations (exclusive of the fifty-eight outlying post-offices) for the year 1891 show a net profit of $2,500,000, an increase of $500,000 over the year 1890. During the same period the mail matter dispatched from the Chicago office amounted to 33,065,063 pounds, or 336,894,627 pieces, a large increase over the previous year, while the number of registered articles handled and not included in the above amounted to 3,282,585 pieces, an increase of 184,599 pieces over the year 1890. In addition to this, the number of money-order transactions reached 1,917,689, aggrega- ting a sum of $20,396.166, an increase over the year 1890 of $1,107,219 in that department of the office alone. The amount of mail in transit through the city of Chicago and transferred from incoming to outgoing trains is estimated to have reached the enormous bulk of 62,600 tons for the year, an increase over the year 1890 of 35,225 tons. Receipts for 1S91. The receipts of the Chicago post office for 1891 were $3,679,265, as against $3,318,889 for 1890 ; percentage of increase 101 per cent. Registry Department. Letters can be registered to all parts of the United States upon payment of a fee of ten cents in addition to the regular postage. Salaries of Officers. Postmaster, $6,000 per annum; assistant postmaster, $3,000; the superintendent of the city delivery, $2,700; the superintendent of mails, $2.700; the superintendent of the money order department, $2,400; the superintendent of the registry department, 2,400 ; the cashier, $2,600 ; the accountant, $1,700 per annum; clerks, from $800 to $1,200, according to length of service; carriers, from $600 to $1,000, according to length of service. United States Money Order System. The Fees for Money-orders are : On orders not exceeding $5 Scents; over $5 and not exceeding $10 Scents; over $10 and not exceeding $15 10 cents ; over $15 and not exceeding $30 15 cents ; over $30 and not exceeding $4020 cents ; over $40 and not exceed- ing $50 25 cents ; over $50 and not exceeding $60- -30 cents ; over $60 and not exceeding $7035 cents ; over $70 and not exceeding $80 40 cents ; over $80 and not exceeding $10045 cents ; no fraction of cents to be introduced in the order. No single order issued for more than $100. Parties desiring to remit larger sums mast obtain additional money-orders. No applicant, however, can obtain in one day more than three orders payable at the same office and to the same payee. PUBLIC EDUCATION. The public schools of Chicago are conducted under the supervision of a board of education, which consists of male and female members, appointed by the mayor, and who are about equally divided politically. The executive department is in charge of a superintendent, eight assistant superintendents, CHICAGO AS IT IS. a Supervisor and assistant supervisor of evening schools* a clerk, an attorney, school agent, business manager, chief engineer, auditor, assistant clerk, assist- ants to business manager, stenographers and .type-writers, and manager and assistants in supply department. City and County Public Schools. The following is a summary of miscel- laneous statistics, compiled by the county superintendent of schools, from the reports of township trustees for 1889-1890. It contains later statistics of the city public schools than any issued by the Chicago Board of Education: MISCELLANEOUS ITEMS. Chicago. County excluding Chicago. Whole County. No. ungraded schools 131 131 No. graded schools 180 67 2il No. high schools .... 12 5 16 'Whole No. schools 192 193 C98 Average No. of months schools sustained 9.10 8 4 9 Ch ildren under 21 years 473,234 429 14 516 138 Between 6 and 21 years 289,483 28,171 317 604 No. in graded public schools 146,751 10,890 146,441 4 460 4 460 No enrolled in private schools 6'?,713 3,8P6 66' 6(9 Total in public and private schools 198,264 19,246 217,510 11 415 No. teachers in public schools 3,%9 409 3,251 1,164 145 1,809 No unable to rend or write . 2,599 36 2,635 Principal of township funds $ 911,8 4 $ 274 Temporary loans and other sources 310503 31 768 312'272 Total 4 246,682 878,993 5 125682 EXPENDITURES. Paid to teachers 2 021 779 294,511 t 316 291 N ew school houses 68H,373 86,175 774 548 39 79J 12084 51 874 Repairs and improvements 241,116 36 891 278 008 School furniture and apparatus 48,276 11,504 59 780 .Libraries 9,882 57,521 433397 Paid district clerks 27,377 2,208 29585 Paid on district bonds . . 77,500 47,631 125 130 Paid interest on district bonds 105,583 25,488 131 089 Miscellaneous 151,667 211,149 362 817 Total $3,787,222 $ 785,413 $4 572,635 Balance in treasurer's hands due district 459,460 936,865 653,046 Total $4,246,682 $ 878,499 $5,135,682 Manual Training in tlie, Public Schools. The Chicago English High and Manual Training School, for instruction in the mechanical arts, was opened in August, 1890, and occupies the large public school building on West Monroe street, near Halsted street. This school is under the direction of the city board of education. Albert R. Robinson is the principal. In grade the manual training school ranks with the high schools, and no student is admit- ted until he hag passed through the grammar grade. Promotion cards entitling the holder to be admitted to the ordinary high school will admit him also to the polytechnic school. A full term, three years' course, has been laid down, and when the student has completed this, he will be graduated with honors and a diploma, the same as if he had gone through the high school. Three years aero the school board decided to provide a manual train- ing course of study. Those who desired to take advantage of the study were excused from certain branches in the high school and went to the training school at noon to take the lessons. In 1889 there were about seventy-five stu- denls in the manual training classes, but the division of work between this and the high school was far'from satisfactory to the board, and hence the old scheme was abolished, and the necessary step was taken to launch the new school. The previous work had gone no deeper than working in wood. Now all of the departments are added. Blacksmith forges are placed in the base- ment, and all the machinery is located on that floor also. The first floor it CHICAGO AS IT IS. 93 given up to the wood-working trades, while the upper floors are utilized by the classes in English, mathematics and the natural sciences. There is a course in commercial law and practical book-keeping, and every effort is made to send each student away with a sufficient knowledge both of busi- ness aad the trades to help him in almost any line of work which it may be his lot to follow. By glancing over the curriculum below it will be seen that none of the essential high-school branches are neglected. The idea is to combine the practical and theoretical as far as possible. The Latin and Greek branches are lopped off the regular high-school course as well as some of the higher sciences, such as geology, astronomy, biology, etc. Professor Clafliu has six assistants, all skilled in the different arts. A new building (3 stories) for use as a workshop ha been erected during the past year to accommodate the increased attendance. Free Night Schools. The term of the night schools is three moths every winter preceding the holidays. The total enrollment at the above schools last winter was about 12,000. New schools and new branches of study are added every year. The Board of Education is paying more attention and attaching more importance to free might instruction now than ever before. Physical Culture in the Public Schools. When, Nov. 4, 1885, the Board of Education appointed Henry Suder, instructor at the North Side Turner Hall, and a graduate of the Normal Training School, of Milwaukee, as a special teacher of physical culture, it was a test. Prof. Suder had only four schools to teach then the old Douglas on the South Side, the Brown and King schools on the West Side, and the Lincoln on the North Side. The pupils became at once interested in the new departure, and the teachers were quick to notice an improvement in the discipline and mental work of their classes. In 1886 the board extended the physical culture classes to all the grammar schools in the city, and eight special teachers were appointed to assist Prof. Suder. In January, 1889, the system was introduced into all the primary departments of the city, and four teachers were added to the physical culture staff. In the following May, exercises were commenced in the North, South, and West Division high schools, Henry B. Camann, a graduate of the Milwaukee Normal Training School, being appointed to conduct the classes in those schools. In addition to Prof. Suder and Mr. Camann, the following teachers comprise the physical culture staff: Grammar Schools Herman Hein, Oscar Weinbrod, August Zapp, William Kopp, Henry Hartung, Alvin Kindervater, OttoGreubel, F. D. Brasius; Primary Schools Ernst Hibbeler, F. L. Jaho, Alfred E. Belitz, Carl Graner, Charles Cobelli, Joseph Grund- hofer and Mr. Ferdinand Rheil. In the primary schools the pupils are exer- cised in calisthenics only. These exercises consist of simple muscular move- ments of the arm and foot, arm and trunk, trunk and foot, and marching and breathing exercises. The arrangement is such that all parts of the body are brought into play during the lesson. In the grammar schools smooth wooden wands, an inch in diameter and three feet long, and wooden dumbbells, shel- laced, having a combined weight of one pound, and eleven inches long, are used as an aid to the physical training of the scholars. Wand and dumbbell exercises are practiced once a week in all the grammar schools, and once a week the pupils are put through calistheuic exercises. It is in the North, South, and West Division high schools that physical culture is most practiced and appreciated. The high schools have more facilities to practice, and the pupils enjoy the physical culture lessons because they are a relaxation, if noth- ing else. Mondays and Thursdays of each week Mr. Camann visits the South Division high school and instructs the classes between the hours of 9:45 a. m. and 1:15 p. m. The assembly hall on the top floor is an admirable place GUIDE TO CHICAGO; for the exercises to be held in, and a piano gives a zest and spirit to the move- ments, which are lacking iu the other schools. Light clubs are also used in the South Division high school, and form the most picturesque of all the exercises. Mr. Camann takes two or three rooms at a time, marshals the scholars, who number from 80 to 120, and gives them one hour's practice. Fridays he visits the West Division high school, where there is an assembly hall similar to the one on the South Side, and drills the scholars for three hours. Wednesday is the physical culture day at the North Division high School. In the Northwestern high school one of the grammar school instructors devotes Tuesdays to exercising the first-year pupils. The cost of maintaining the physical culture branch in the schools is not great. The salary list for eighteen teachers amounts to $17,200 per year. Public School Buildings. The following is a list of the public school buildings of Chicago, with names and locations: NORTH DIVISION HIGH SCHOOL Wendell and Wells sts. ; NORTHWEST DIVISION HIGH SCHOOL Augusta st. and Hoyne are.; SOUTH DIVISION HIGH SCHOOL Twenty-sixth st. and Wabash ave.; WEST DIVISION HIGH SCHOOL 8. Lincoln st. and Ogden ave.; ANDERSON 520 N. Lincoln, near WestDivisionst.; ARMOUR STREET Armour st. and Bickerdike square; BUR- LING N. E. corner Center st. ; BLUE ISLAND AVENUE 490 Blue Island ave. ; BOULEVARD Armitage ave. and Humboldt bid. ; BRAINARD 587 Washbourne pl.;BRENAN 9535 Lime St., near Archer ave.; BRIGHTON Thirty-sixth, W. of C. R. I. & P. R. R. track; BRIGHTON PARK Thirty-fifth and Lincoln sts.; BROWN Warren ave., between Wood and Page sts; BURR N. Ashland and Wabansia aves. ; CALHOUN 1277 W.Jackson st.; CALIFORNIA AVENUE 1119 California ave.; CALUMET AVENUE 2643 Calumet ave.; CARPENTER N. Center ave. and W. Huron st. ; CENTRAL PARK Walnut st. and Kedzie ave. ; CLARKE S. Ashland ave. and Thirteenth st.; COLUMBUS Augusta, between Hoyne ave. and Leavitt St.; COOPER 625 W. Nineteenth st.; CRAWFORD Twenty-fifth st. and Delaware ave. DEARBORN 768 Clybourn ave; Doo- LITTLE 109 Thirty-fifth st. ; DORE 217 W. Harrison st. ; DOUGLAS Forest ave. and Thirty-second St.; EMERSON Walnut and Paulina sts.; FOSTER 441 South Union st. ; FRANKLIN Sedgwick and Division sts.; FROZBEL 853 W. Twenty-first st; GARFTELD Johnson and Wright sts; GEORGE H. THOMAS High st. and Belden ave.; GOODRICH Brown and Taylor sts. ; GRANT 994 Wilcox ave,; HANCOCK S. Fairfield ave. and Twelfth st. ; HAR- RISON 133 Twenty-third et.; HAVEN 1470 Wabash ave.; HAYES N. Leavitt and Walnut sts. ; HEADLEY Lewis st. and Garfield ave. ; HEALY 3035 Wal- lace st. ; HENDRICKS York and Laflin sts. ; HOFFMAN AVENUE Hoffman and Milwaukee aves.; HOLDEN Deering and Thirty-first sts.; HUMBOLDT 920 N. California ave. ; HURON STREET Huron and Frank sts. ; IRVING 45 Lex- ington ave.; JEFFERSON Nebraska and Laflin sts. ; JONES Third ave. and Harrisonst. ; KEITH Dearborn and Thirty-fourth sts. ; KING Harrison st. and Western ave. ; KINZIE Ohio st. and La Salle ave. ; KOSCIUSKO W. Division and Cleaver sts.; LANGLAND 121 Cortland st. ; LA&ALLE Hammond and Eugenie sts.; LAWNDALE S. Central Park ave. and Twenty-fifth st.; LINCOLN STREET W. Ohio and Lincolnsts. ; LOGAN Rhine and Bremen sts ; LONGFELLOW 688 Throopst.; MANIERRE 100 Hudson ave.; MAPLEWOOD Diversey st. and California ave; MARQUETTE 297 S. Wood st. ; MCALLIS- TER Thirty -sixth and Gage sts.; MCCLELLAN Wallace and Thiity -fifth sts.; MONTEFIORE Sangamon and W. Indiana sts. ; MOSELEY Michigan ave. and Twenty-fourth st.; MOTLEY Snell st. and W. Chicago ave.; MULLIGAN CHICAGO AS IT IS. 95 Sheffield ave,, between Clay and Willow sts.; NEWBERRY Willow and Orchard sts.; OAK STREET 85 Oak St.; OAKLEY N. Oakley ave. and W. Ohio st.; OGDEN Chestnut, between Dearborn ave. and North State st. ; PEARSON W. Pearson and N. Market sts. ; PICKARD Hinman st. and S. Oakley ave.; POLK STREET 195 W. Polk st.; RAYMOND Wabash ave. and Eda st. ; ROGERS 65 W. Thirteenth St.; SCAMMON S. Morgan and Monroe sts.; SHEL- DON N". State and Elm sts.; SHERIDAN 627 Twenty -seventh st.; SKINNER W. Jackson and Aberdeen sts ; TALCOTT W. Ohio and Lincoln sts; THOMAS HOYNE Illinois and Cass sts.;TriROOP 626 Throopst. ; TILDEN W. Lake and Elizabeth sts.; TILTON W. Lake and W. F.,rty-fourth sts.; TILTON branch Mailer, near W. Forty-eighth st. ; TILTON branch 4005 W. Har- rison st; VEDDER STREET Vedder, near Larrabee st. ; VON HUMBOLDT Rock- well and Hirsch sts. ; WALSH W. Twentieth and Johnson sts. ; WARD Shields ave. and Twenty seventh sts.; WASHBOURNE 220 W. Fourteenth st.; WASHINGTON Morgan, between Erie and W. Ohio sts. ; WEBSTER Went- worthave. and Thirty-third st.; WELLS N. Ashland ave. and Cornelia st.; WICKER PARK 153 " Evergreen ave.; WILLIAMS AVENUE Williams and Tinkham aves. The Board of Education expended, during 1890, about $320,000 on the Clarke, Longfellow, Foster, Carpenter and Hedges schools, new schools on Maplewood, Campbell and Belden aves. and Wright St., and completed the Horace Mann. The Hammond, Mulligan and George H. Thomas schools were begun in 1889, on which have been expended about $250,000. About $20,000 was expended on schools in the annexed districts and for sun- dry needs. Revenue of the Public Schools. The revenue of the public schools varies from year to year, because of the changes (generally increases) in the tax levies for school purposes, and for other reasons. The last report of the board of education, however, gives the following statement of revenues, which will serve as an example: School Fund From rentals of School Fund land, $512,036,30; from State dividend, $136,313.06; from interest on principal of School Fund, $45,800.04; refunded by school districts, annexation of 1887, $19,453 38; tuition of non-resident pupils, $1,275.00; to correct errors in teachers' pay-rolls, $238 10; unclaimed pay of canvassers of school census of 1888, $62.62; total on account of School Fund, $715,178.50. School Tax Fund On account of taxes of 1887 and previous years, $918,472.16; ou account of tax of 1883, $1,200,078.26; total on account of School Tax Fund, $2,118,550.42. Miscellaneous sources From sale of old furniture, old lead, steam-pipe, old iron, stoves, etc., $2,100.64; from rebates on special assessments, $9,495.88; from sale of old buildings, $1,256,00; from forfeited deposit of contractor, $117.00; total from miscellaneous sources, $12,969.52; total actual cash receipts, $2,846,698.44. Salaries of School Employes. The following are the salaries of school employes of the City of Chicago, corrected up to the spring of 1892. SUPERINTENDENTS: Superintendent of Schools, $5,000; Two Assistant Sup- erintendents of Schools, each, $4 000 ; Six Assistant Superintendents of Schools, each, $3,500. SUPERVISOHS AND TEACHERS OF SPECIAL STUDIES. German. Supervisor of German, $2,500; Assistant Supervisor of German, $1,800. Drawing. Supervisor of Drawing, High Schools, $2,200; Super, visor of Drawing, Grammar and Primary Grades, $2,400; Assistant Super- visor of Drawing, Grammar and Primary Grades, $1,800; Two Assistant 96 GUIDE TO CHICAGO. Teachers, each, $1,600; Three Assistant Teachers, each, $1,200; One Assist- ant Teacher, $1,000; One Assistant Teacher, $160. Kinging. Supervisor of Singing, Grammar Grades, $2,400; Supervisor of Singing. Primary Grades, $2,050 Two Assistant Teachers, Grammar Grades, each, $1,700; One Assist- ant Teacher, Grammar Grades, 1,400; One Assistant Teacher, Primary Grades, $1,500; Five Assistant Teachers, Primary Grades, each, $1,200. Physical Culture. Supervisor of Physical Culture, 2,100; One Assistant Teacher, High Schools, $1,200; Eight Assistant Teachers, Grammar Grades, each, $1,000; Six Assistant Teachers, Primary Grades, each, $900; One Assistant Teacher, half time, 500. Deaf Mute Day Schools. Principal, $1,100; Two Assistant Teachers, each, 700; Three Assistant Teachers, each, $550. Waifs' Mission. One Teacher, $650. HIGH SCHOOLS. Principal West Division High, $2,800; Five Principals, each, $2,600; Five Principals, each. $2,500, One Principal, 1,600; Twelve Assistant Teachers, each, $2,000; Eleven Assistant Teachers, each, $1,800; Eighteen Assistant Teachers, each, $1,600; Seventeen Assistant Teachers, each, 1,500; Nine Assistant Teachers, each, $1,400; Eight Assistant Teachers, each, $1,300; Twenty-eight Assistant Teachers, each, $1,200; Two Assistant Teachers, each, $1,100; Nineteen Assistant Teachers, each, 1,000; Four Assistant Teachers, each, $900; One Assistant Teacher, $800; One Assistant Teacher, $750; Two Assistant Teachers, part time, each, $600; One Assistant Teacher, part time, $500. PRINCIPALS OF GRAMMAR SCHOOLS. First Group. Principals of the Brighton, Brown, Burr, Carpenter, Clarke, Doolittle, Douglas, Franklin, Garfleld, Lake View No. 2, Marquette, Moseley, Raymond, Skinner, Walsh and Wells schools, each $2,500 per annum. Also the following-named prin- cipals, at a salary of $2,500 per annum each: Laura D. Ayres, Charles F. Babcock, George C. Bannan, Erastus A. Barnes, Will J. Bartholf, Homer Bevans, Louis J. Block, Henry C. Cox, Emma M. C. Greenleaf, Nellie Har- dick, Henry D. Hatch, Frank S. Heywood, Lucia Johnston, Kate S. Kellogg, Cephas H. Leach, Albert R. Robinson, Corydou G. Stowell, John H. Tear, A. Henry Vanzwoll, Mary M. T. Walsh, Andrew J. Wood. Second Group. Principals of the Calhouu, Hayes, Jones, Kershaw, Lake View No.6, McClellan, Oakley and Sheridan schools, each $2,200 per annum. Second Group, Second Section. Principals of the Central Park, D. S. Wentworth, Goodrich, Graham (Lake), Harvard, Keith, Lewis, Lake View No. 7, Logan, Pullman (Lake), Pullman (Calumet), Sherman and Tilden schools, each $2,000 per annum for the first year of service as principals of schools in this group; $2,100 per annum for the second year of service, and $2,200 per annum for the third and subsequent years of service. Third Group. Principals of the Doran, Fifty-fourth Street, Hancock (old city), Headley.Hendricks (Lake), Lake View No. 1, Lake View No. 3, Lake View No. 4, Lawndale, O'Toole, Scammon, Sherwood and Thomas Hoyne schools, each $1,700 per annum for the first year of service as principals of schools in this group; $1,800 per annum for the second year of service; $1,900 per annum for the third year of service; $1,950 per annum for the fourth year of service, and $2,000 per annum for the fifth and subsequent years of service. Fourth Group. Prin- cipals of the Brighton Park, Colraan, Fallon, Farren, Forestville, Hammond, Hancock (Lake), Maplewood, Oakland No. 2 and Pacific schools, each $1,400 per annum for the first year of service as principals of schools in this group; $1,500 per annum for the second yearof service; $1,600 per annum for the third year of service and $1,700 per annum for the fourth and subsequent years of CHICAGO AS IT IS. 97 service. Fifth Group. Principals of the Amerson, Brownell, Carter, Cornell, Cummings, Duncan Avenue, Gallistel, George H. Thomas, Greenwood Avenue, Hartigan, Kelvyn Grove, Kensington, Madison Avenue, Phil Sheri- dan, Roseland, Ryerson, Shurtleff, Springer, Sulzer Street, Taylor and Wood- lawn schools, each $1,200 per annum for the first year of service as principals of schools in this group; $1,300 per annum for the second year of service, and $1 ,400 per annum for the third and subsequent years of service. The salaries of the principals of the George H. Thomas and Greenwood Avenue schools to commence January 1, 1891, on the salary of the third year of this group ($1,400). The salary of the principal of the Roseland school to commence January 1, 1891, on the salary of the second year of this group ($1,300). Sixth Group. Principals of the Avondale, Park Side, Scanlan and Webster (S. C.) schools, each $1,050 for the first year of service as principals of schools in this group; $1,100 per annum for the second year of service, and $1,200 per annum for the third and subsequent years of service. The salary of the principal of the Park Side school to commence January 1, 1891, on the salary of the second year of this group ($1,100). Ungrouped Schools. Principal of Irving Park school, $1,800; principal of Oakland school, No 1, $1,800; principal of Tilton school, $1,800; principal of Washington Heights schools, $1,300 per annum. PRINCIPALS OF PRIMARY SCHOOLS. First Group. Principals of the Arnold, Cooper, Foster, Healy, Hoffman Avenue, Jefferson, Longfellow, Manierre, Montefiore, Motley, Mulligan, Oak Street, Polk Street, Rogers, Talcott, Washburne and Wicker Park Schools, each $1,400 per annum for the first year of service as Principals of Schools in this group; $1,450 per annum for the second year of service; and $1,500 per annum for the third year of service; and $1,600 per annum for the fourth and subsequent years of service. Second Group. Principals of the Brenan, Grant Langland, McAllister, Pear- son Street, Pickard, Vedder Street and Ward Schools, each $1,400 per annum for the first year of service as Principals of Schools in this group; $1,460 per annum for the second year of service; and $1,500 per annum for the third and subsequent years of service. Third Group. Principals of the Boulevard, Calumet Avenue, Columbus, Horace Mann, Huron Street, Kinzie, Kosciusko and Sheldon Schools, each $1,250 per annum for the first year of service as Principals of Schools in this group; and $1,350 per annum for the second and subsequent years of service. Fourth Group. Principals of the Hedged, Ken- wood, South Halsted Street and Wolcott Street Schools, each $1,100 per an- num. Fifth Group. Principals of the Andersenville, Blue Island Avenue, Bowrnanville, Buckley, Burnside, Garfield (Lake), Hoerner, J, L. Marsh, J. N. Thorp, Jefferson Park, Lake View No. 5, Oak Ridge, Park Manor, River- dale, Rose Hill and West Roseland Schools, each $1,050 per annum. ASSIST- ANTS TO PRINCIPALS. Assistants to Principals, each $1,100 per annum. HEAD ASSISTANTS. Grammar Schools. Who have served less than five years in such capacity, each $900 per annum; who have served between five and ten years in such capacity, each $950 per annum; who have served ten years or over in such capacity, each $1,000 per annum. Primary Schools. Who have served less than five years in such capacity, each $850 per annum; who have served between five and ten years in such capacity, each $900 per annum; who have served over ten years iu such capacity, each $950 per annum. SALARIES OF MALE ASSIST ANT TEACHERS. Andrew Wilson, Andrew Engel, Burnjde School, each, $750; Michael M.Byrne, Richard H. Stryker, Martin G,- 98 GUIDE TO CHICAGO. Henchy, Glaus H. Claussen, Doran School, each, $800; Robert H. Rennie, Augustus Haley, Andrew B. Combs, John C. Pickens, Harvaid School, each, $800; David L. Murray, D. S. Wenthworth School, $1,000; George W. Miller, Irving Park School, $800; Fred. W. Kingsley, William J. Tinen, Irving Park School, each $775; Joseph Barnabee, Cummings school, $800; Richard J. Bicktrdike, Avondale school, $800 per annum. ASSISTANT TEACHERS IN PRIMARY GRADES. For the first year of service, $400; for the second year of service, $475; for the third year of service, $575; for the fourth year of service, $650; for the fifth year of service, $700; for the sixth and subsequent years of service, $775 per annum. ASSISTANT TEACHERS IN GRAM- MAR GRADES. For the first year of service, $450; for the second year of ser- vice, $525; for the third year of service, $600; for the fourth year of service, $650; for the f ft i year of service, $700; for the sixth and subsequent years of service, $775 i er annum. Second Teachers in Half-Day Division to receive $50 per annum less than the rates paid Assistants in Primary Grades. Three Reserve Teachers at a salary of $700 each per annum. All changes in salary to take place at the commencement of the school month succeeding the expira- tion of the year's service. SUBSTITUTES. Four Substitutes to be employed at the discretion of the Superintendent, at a compensation of $4.00 each for each day of actual service. Other Substitutes to be paid at the rate of $1.50 per day for each day of actual service. CADETS. All candidates for positions as Teachers, who hold partial certificates of qualifications to teach in the Chi- cago Public Schools, issued by the Board of Education, who have been in regular service in the Schools for two mouths aa Cadets, and who have shown such proficiency as to satisfy the Superintendent that they are desirable as Teachers, shall, upon his recommendation, receive a compensation of 75 cents per day, for each day of actual service in such capacity. After a service of six months as Cadets, they shall receive a compensation of $1.25 per day. Estimate of Expenditures for 1892. The estimated expenditures of the Board of Education for the year 1892 aggregate $5,996,084, as f ollov s: For s ilaries of superintendent and teacbeis in the primary and grammar grades, exclusive of teachers of special studies, on basis of salaries of 1891, $2,230,- 825; less estimated revenue of school fund ($480,000), $1,750,325; tuition of pupils at Cook County Normal School, $7,500; evening schools, $110,000; school libraries, $2,500; supplementary reading, $20,000; rebinding books, $1,000; text books for indigent pupils, $5,000; maps, charts, globes, etc., $2,500; payments toward pianos, $1,500; Expenses Columbian Exprsition, $10,000; sundries, $750; salaries, office employees, attorney, and school agent, $45,000; salaries, engineers and janitors, $255,000; school supplies, chalk, etc., $50,000; school-house supplies, $15,000; fuel, $110,000; printing proceedings, etc., $12,000; supplies for sewing for 40,000 pupils, $5,000; material for manual training, $1,500; school sites, $200,000; new buildings, $1,765, 000; permanent improvements, $100,000; general repairs, $200, 000; beat- ing apparatus, $100,000; apparatusand furniture, $50, 000; rentals of branches, $45, 000;special assessments, $40, 000; incidentals, $45, 000; leeal expenses, $250; support of high schools other than manual training, $272.500; support of English high and manual training, $50,000; drawing salaries and supplies, $35,000; music salaries and supplies, $30,000; German salaries and sup- plies, $170,000; physical culture, $28,OrO; compulsory education, $25,000; school census, $15,000; due contracts, less balance of appropriation '91, $145,- 036 $165616; payment of bonds, interest, and orders, $80,500 Total, $5,821,441. Loss in collection and costs, $174,413, Total estimate, '92, $5,996,084. CHICAGO AS IT IS. 99 PUBLIC LIBRARY. Occupies entire fourth floor of the City Hall (excepting council chamber). Was founded in 1872. The library contained on January 1st, Id92, 171,709 volumes, and the collection is increasing by purchase and donation at the rate of somewhat over 10,000 volunms annually. Its literary treasures, many of which can not be duplicated at any cost, are at the lowest estimate valued at $275,000. With an annual circulation and consultation of over 1,500,000 volumes, it leads the circulation of the free public libraries of the country. At the Paris Exposition of 1889 it received the distinguished honor of an award of a gold medal, on an exhibit consisting of the annual report, finding liats and a volume showing in detail the administration of the library in every department. A readjjag-room is maintained, which last year was patronized by 500,000 visitor, 450,000 periodicals being given out across the counter. There are also reference departments, including general, patent and medical, which are consulted by thousands of people in search of special knowledge, annually. A Cosmopolitan Collection, There is not a more cosmopolitan place in the city thuu the library rooms. It is a place where the people of all nations from a wide circuit around come for their reading matter. The library iscom- posed of books in all languages, selected with the greatest care. Naturally, the English tongue predominates, but every foreign and classic language is well represented on its shelves. As a result, the library assumes a cosmopolitan phase, because it is so extensively patronized by the people of so many dif- ferent nationalities. The method of securing new books is simple. The librarian really does the selecting. The lists prepared by him are placed in the hands of a proper committee, who either indorse or modify thelibrarian's choice, and the amended list is finally voted upon by the board. That the majority of the reading public who look to the library rely greatly upon it, is proven by the many applications made daily for the new books they have heard about or read about in the newspapers. The fact also proves that this city is the home of intelligent, wide-awake people, who wish to keep abreast of contemporaneous thought and literature. Administration and Cost of Maintenance. The Board of Directors con- sists of nine members, of which three are appointed annually for a term of three years. The Secretary of the Board is W. B. Wickersham. Frederick H. Hild, the librarian, has three assistants, namely, E. F. L. Gauss, first assistant, Elizabeth A Young and KateM. Henneberry. There are forty -three atttendents regularly employed in the day service of the library, and twelve in the evening service. With five janitors, one night watchman, one electric- ian, one expressman, the total number of persons in the employ of the Library is ninety. The amount expended for salaries last fiscal year was $51,440.54, which included $2,787 paid for the transportation of books to and from the delivery stations. t ,The total cost for the maintenance of the library for the year was $102,869.19. The estimated expenses of the Library for 1892 are as fol- lows : Salaries, $57,000; books, $16,000; binding, $7,000; heating and light- ing, $5,000 ; delivery stations, $12,000 ; newspapers and periodicals, $4,000 ; printing and stationery, $2,000; finding lists, $1,000; incidentals, $2,51)0; furniture and fixtures, $2,500 ; rent of reading-rooms, $3,000. In addition 100 GUIDE TO CHICAGO. to these suras, there is a tix levy of $400,000 for building purposes, being the second of a series of annual levies covering a period of five years. Branch Delivery Stations. The most notable feature of the development of the library during the year has been the establishment of four branch reading-rooms. The first of these was opened in December and the other three at short intervals since that time. A fifth room will be ready durirfg the present month. The location of these rooms and the average attendance and number of periodicals issued is as follows : Monthly. Sun- average il'iy periodicals attend- Vixitors. issued. anee. No. 1. No. 12<)4 Milwaukee avenue 4.719 4.973 210 No. 2. No. 625 Forty-third street 1,840 3,433 145 No. 3. No. 341 Clybourn avenue 1,715 -a,^C 173 No. 4. No. 164 Fifty -third street 1,708 .... 30 The estimated annual cost of maintenance of these rooms is $2,500 each, which includes rent, service, light and heat, cost of periodicals and janitor service. The rooms are open daily to the public from 9 A. M. to 10 P. M., and Sunday from 10 A. M. to 10 p. M. There are now employed in the service of (he library eighty-nine persons. The amount expended for salaries was $51,440.54. There were sent to the five binderies, with which the library had contracts, 15,190 volumes, and there were repaired in the library 14,875 volumes. The amount expended for binding was $6,786.41. The annual inventory shows 134 volumes unaccoun- ted for. Of the 135 books reported missing last year 26 have since been found. Character of Books. A classified analysis of the entire number of volumes in the library shows that English prose fiction leads in popularity, there being 27,570 volumes in that department alone. In tlie department of Ger- man literature are found 18,057 volumes. French literature follows with 8,225 volumes. Some general idea of the character of the entire collection may be formed from the fact that among the classes well represented are those of history; biography; travels; poetry and drama; essays and miscel- lanies; polygraphy and collected works; fine arts; natural sciences; practical arts (including patents); political and social science; language and literature; mental and moral science; ancient classics; religion; medicine; law; period- icals and newspapers; Government documents and State papers; bibliography; dictionries and encyclopedias; English prose fiction; juvenile literature; Ger- man, French, Italian, Spanish, Portuguese, Dutch, Bohemian .Polish, Russian and Scandinavian literature. The largest number of books issued on any one day in 1890 was 5,272, on February 24th. On the same day there were used in the other departments 1,799 volumes, making a total of 7,071 vol- umes, which is the largest circulation reported for any one day in the history of the Library. Delivery Stations. The number of delivery stations was increased by seven during the la^t year, making a total of twenty-four stations now in oper- ation. Of these six are located in the North Division, six in the South Division, and twelve in the West Division. There were issued from these stations 294,880 volumes, an increase of 94,623 over the number reported for the preceding year. Four wagons are required to transport the books for the delivery stations to and from the main library, and two daily deliveries are made to each of the stations except the Irving Park and Ravenswood sta- tions. [Engraved for The Standard Guide Company.] PULLMAN BUILDING, MICHIGAN AVE. AND ADAMS ST. [See " Great Industries."] CHICAGO AS IT IS. 101 Circulation of Books. The aggregate circulation of books in all depart- ments of the library compared with the circulation of the preceding year was as follows: 1891, 1890. Home circulation (main library) (543,022 640,378 Home circulation (delivery stations) 294,880 5Jol,267 Issued to public schools . . 3746 2 336 Keterence department 327,616 331,81,* Medical department (closed July, 1 90) 1 176 26,376 Patent department 19,477 18,319 Total 1 290 614 1 220 479 The Circulating Department was open for the delivery of books 308 days, The daily average number of books issued for home use was 8.095, against 2,749 for the preceding year. The largest number issued on anyone day was 5,291, February 24;the smallest number 1,727, July li. The amount received for fines on delinquent books was $5,350.88, or $497.13 more than was received from this source last year. Condition of the Library in 1892. At the last annual meeting of the Directors of the Public Library, Chairman Shortall submitted a report, the substance of which is as follows: The number of volumes added during the year is 20,078, making a total of 166,475 volumes, with a total circulation of 1,290, 514, 942,248 volumes of which were taken upon cards for home use. The number of visitors to the reading room was 492,837, and of those to the several reference departments, not including the reading room, 105,606. The decrease, some 8,000 from the figures of last year in the reference departments, is attributed to the opening of reading rooms at branch stations, and to the discontinuance of the medical department, the contents of which latter were handed over to the Newberry Library at ils request and at that of the original donors, with our own concurrence, and with a view of making the same as perfect as might be practicable the Newberry desiring to make such a medical department one of its specialties. Since our last communication we have under your direction taken pos- session of Dearborn Park for our new building, having secured the consent of every owner of the abutting property save one. this one having promised to sign when all others had done so. His consent will doubtless be added later. A settlement has been arrived at between this board and the Soldiers' Home (to which latter was granted by the Legislature the north quarter of this plot of ground) upon a satisfactory basis; the soldiers and sailors of the late Civil War to use and occupy as a memorial hall and for other purposes of their organization for fifty years, a portion of the building to be erected, with a reversion thereof to the library the library also having a certain use of the Memorial Hall. The Building committe of the library has begun the planning of the inte- rior of the new building, having called to its aid most competent professional assistance, and has completed the chief part of that work the basement and first and second stories and most satisfactory. It is designed to construct the exterior of the building so that it shall be an honor to the city, ethically as well as architecturally, without profusion or meaningless ornament on the one hand, or commonplace simplicity upon the other, but aiming to convey, exteriorly, that idea of dignity and repose that should mark its use and com- pleteness. 102 GUIDE TO CHICAGO. We gladly refer to the bequests of our late fellow-citizens, the Rev. William H. Ryder and Hiram Kelly. Mr. Ryder's bequest, amounting to $10,000, has been carefully invested for the library's use, and according to its terms; the bequest of Mr. Kelly will exceed the sum of $125,000, as appears by the report of our committee, which is also appended hereto, of date April IBlh last. It is intended that some special commemoration of those public-spirited gentlemen may be devised and their names and generosity permanently hon- ored within the new building when erected. We are now entering upon a most important step in the life of this "University of the People," the erection of its own home, a permanent house to hold its treasures; the fruition of a hope that has animated us so many years. In this we have before the failurc-s as well as the successes of many others. * We intend, in its construction, firstly, that it shall inwardly subserve its purpose as perfectly as human skill and foresight can design it, and. sec- ondly, that it shall express outwardly such true architectural skill and good taste that it shall stand forever a source of just pride to those State, city, and indvidual who have had the honor of assisting in its erection, and an example to all of the value of a discriminating, unselfish, and patriotic devotion to the public good. Librarian. The Librarian of the Chicago Public Library is Mr. Freder- ick II. Hild. He may be addressed directly at the Library. The Secretary is W. B. Wickersham. New Library Building. The block of ground formerly known as Dear- born Park, is reserved by the City of Chicago for a great Public Librarj Building, the construction of which will shortly be begun by the laying of the corner-stone some time in the spring, the competing plans for the proposed building being now before the board. Number of Volumes. The total number of volumes ?'n the library May 31, 1891, was 166,475, a net increase of 10,232 volumes over the number reported last year, which was 156,243. The total number of volumes entered in the accession catalogue during the last year was 20,078, a larger number than has been added during anyone year since 1875. From this number were deducted the following items: Wornout books, 4,156; books lost and paid for, 268; transferred to the Newberry Library, 5,283 volumes of medical and musical books; books unaccounted for in the annual inventory of 1889, 108; ^ books not recovered from delinquent borrowers in 1890, 31 volumes. Of . the 20,078 volumes added 16,296 were bought, 1,175 were donated, 663 were bound periodicals received from the reading room, and 1,944 were acquired from the Hyde Park Lyceum. The amount expended for books was $17- 669.22. Percentage of Circulation. The percentage of circulation for home use in each of the seven classes, compared with the reports for 1889 and 1890, is as follows : 1891. 18SO. 1889. History and Biography 10.32 9.70 9.54 Voyages and travels 5.10 4.63 4.56 Science and arts 6.24 6.15 6/0 Poetry and drama "" 3.73 3.12 3.82 Eng Lsh prose fiction and juveniles 62.36 61.77 Rooks in foreign languages 10.16 11.75 11.25 Miscellaneous 2.10 2.53 2.86 CHICAGO AS IT IS. 103 Reference Department. In the Reference Department 326,619 volumes were issued to 9^,964 readers, a slight decrease from the number reported last year. The classification of the books consulted is as follows : Arts and sciences, 16.24 per cent. ; history and biography, 16.49 percent.; periodicals (bound volumes), 17.08 per cent.; geography and travels, 9.70 per cent.; language and literature, 9.26 per cent. ; encyclopedias, 5.27 per cent. ; atlases and statistics 2.23 percent.; public documents, 2.44 per cent.; bibliography, 2.58 per cent.; miscellaneous, 18.71 per cent. Two- Year Cards. The number of persons holding two -year cards which entitle them to draw books from the library for home usehas increased from 36,478 to 43,749 during the last year. The entire registration for the year was 23,815. The number of cards issued to males was 13.357, to females 10,458. Under the new regulation permitting persons to obtain cards at the delivery stations without calling at the main library 6,839 cards were issued. The greater number of these were taken by persons who had never before enjoyed the benefits of the library. Visitors During 1891. The whole number of visitors to the reading-room was 492,837, to whom 438,243 periodicals were issued, an increase of 56,425 in the number of readers and of 49,051 inthe number of periodicals issued over the report of the preceding year. The average Sunday attendance was 738. The number of serials on file was increased from 587 to 662 during the last year. Of these 46S are classified as periodicals, 69 daily newspapers, and 125 weekly and special newspapers ; 348 are American publications, 129 English, 86 German, 20 French, 42 Scandinavian, and 37 in other languages. The amount expended for periodicals and newspapers was $2,966.95. REAL ESTATE AND BUILDING. Building operations for 1891. The building operations in Chicago during 1891 just closed were by far the largest ever experienced in the history of the city. In round numbers the amount of building done in this city during the year aggregated $55,000,000. For the year 1890 the total amount of building was $47,373,209 and $31,516,000 for 1889. The total number of permits issued during the last year was $11,476, against 11,044 in 1890 and 7,590 in 1889. The combined frontage of these permits represents 280,614 feet, or about fifty-three miles of building frontage. As usual, the South Division, which includes the business district, shows the largest aggre- gratecost, $19,943,800, as against $15,577,500 for the year 1890. In Hyde Park the number of permits issued was 1,990, against 2,044 in 1890. The cost, however, shows a decided increase $8,505,200, against $6,617,400 in 1890. The Western division comes to the front with a total of 3,572 build- ing permits issued, an increase of 565 over 1890, with a combined front- age of 93,020 feet, and an aggregate cost of $13,360,570. There were 1,398 permits issued for Lake View, to cost $2,850,600, and 2,931 in the town of Lake, to cost $5,625,600. The building of the Newberry library swelled the total for the North side. In that division of the city 529 permits were issued, whose cost aggregates $4,816,000, as against $3,685,000 in the 104 GUIDE TO CHICAGO. preceding year. It is predicted on all sides that the building operations dur- ing 1892 will be as far ahead of 1891 as that year was ahead of 1890. The following indicates the great building activity of 1891 as shown by the building permits. The totals given for the years including 1881 and 1890 are from the official figures of the Building Commissioner. His estimate is taken in part for the year 1891. Building, Comparative -The total for last year is far in advance of any preceding year, and represents the estimated outlay for the construction of 1 1 500 buildings, covering a frontage of over fifty-one miles. The total amounts of building permits for each of eleven years are given as follows: 1881 $13,467,000 1887 19,778,000 1883 , 15,842,000 1888 20,3W,000 1883 17,500,000 1889 25,085000 1884 20,689,000 1890 47,422,000 1885 19,624,000 1891 66,360,000 1886 21,334,000 New buildings erected ; 11,28 Feet frontage 281,654 Total cost $54,010,500 Total number of buildings erected since 1876 67,8t> cost ' $309,309,379 " frontage ' 286 miles. Building Permits for 1891. Building during 1891 showed an expected increase. The totals inside the city limits revealed the issuance of 11,582 per- mits, for 281,654 feet, or about 53 miles of frontage, at a cost of $54,010,- 500. The character of the buildings erected was far in advance of any year in the history of the city. Many of the structures are the most magnificent on earth. The following comparative table shows the building permits issued in 1890 and 1891. 1890. 1891. Months. No. of permits Feet frontage . Cost. No. of permits. t - Feet ontage. Cost. 576 13,556 $1,320,000 759 17,133 $1 887300 865 19,800 2,226,000 1,070 25,786 2 881 700 1,329 29,695 3,857,600 960 24,299 4 5PO 7( April 964 20,500 2,767,000 1,035 24,386 4,070 100 May . ." 1,854 24,840 3,388,000 1,100 27,481 4 671 800 1,064 21,500 7,899,900 1,122 30,120 4 786 000 July 1,047 24,570 4,789,600 1,097 25,147 4,782,500 1,038 24,750 6,737,000 1,035 24,954 3 711 700 September 1,015 23,442 .,676,00') 1,102 24,937 4,324 900 1,188 28,890 4,832.000 1,137 27,008 6 611 000 November 824 16,790 2,169,700 759 18,421 8,702 700 588 12,579 3,725, 300 450 12,000 3 700000 Total 11,583 260,919 47,390.000 11,626 281,654 54,010,500 CHICAGO AS IT IS. 105 Real Estate Transfers. The following is the total number and amount of real estate transfers within the city limits having a consideration of $1,000 and upward which were filed for record during the year ended Thursday, December 31, 1891: MONTH. SALES. CONSIDERATION. January 2,007 $12,387 988 February 1,589 10,695 707 March 1,8J4 12,065 120 April 2 053 13,623 598 May... 2,< 76 16,448*826 June 1,996 13, J56 130 July . . 3,77-J 1 1,754 014 August 1,444 9,093 528 September 163 11,383 472 October . 1,6 9,9^1 056 November 1,476 10.115,088 December .... 1.280 9,794 319 Total for the year 1891 20,800 140,338,847 Total for the year 1890 , 22,804 174,172,769 The growth of Chicago during the last year is something marvellous, as is best illustrated by the fact that rents advanced and all classes of residence and flats are occupied. Notwithstanding the great number of dwelling houses, apartment and office buildings erected during the year, vacant dwellings and flats are very scarce and new buildings are being occupied as fast as they are finished. Another feature of the market during the year 1891 is the enormous growth of Chicago as a manufacturing center. Manufacturers from all parts of the country have located in Chicago, and many more are contem- plating a removal to this city, which additions are bound to make it the larg- est manufacturing center in the country. The importance of this feature for the permanent benefit and growth of Chicago can hardly be overestimated. Building Operations Since lS76:rom 1876 to 1889 there were erected in the city 37,042 buildings, covering a frontage of 172 miles, costing $176,- 460,779, being an average of 3,087 per year for twelve years, an average of 14% milesof frontage, and an average cost of $14 705,065. The least number of buildings erected in any one year was in 1878, with a frontage of about six miles. The least expenditure was in 1879. The largest tiansaction for same period was in 1888 number of buildings 4,958, 22 miles frontage, expenditure $20,360,800. During 1889 the number of buildings erected was 7,590, covering over 34 miles of street frontage and costing $31,516,000. The buildings erected in 1890 covered a frontage of 50% miles. In the South Division 1,120 buildings were erected, having a frontage of 29,594 feet, and at a cost of $15,400,800; in the North Division 503 buildings, with a frontage of 14,055 feet, costing $3,681,200; in the West Division 8,994, with a frontage of 91,336 feet, costing $13.687,600. In Hyde park 2,052 buildings were erected with a frontage of 44,481 feet, costing $6,624,300. In Lake 2,889 were erected, with a frontage of 63,297 feet, costing $5,578,100. Lake 106 GUIDE TO CHICAGO. View added 1,051, with a frontage of 23,518 feet, costing $2,350,100. The total building transactions of Chicago in 1890 were as follows: New bindings erected 11,636 Feet frontage 281,654 Total cost $54,010,5(10 Total number of buildings erected since 1876 67,868 " cost " " $309,309,379 frontage ' " 5 X86 milep. Some of the Great Buildings of 1891. The Economist ,in its annual edition, gave the following : One fifth of the total cost for the year is composed of 22 massive struct- ures, chiefly office buildings, the majority of which are well under way and nearing completion, while six for which permits were issued during the agi- tation of the subject of limiting the height of buildings will not be constructed for some time, possibly years. The large buildings now in process of construction are as follows: The Unity at a cost of $750,000 ; Cook County Abstract and Trust Company, $600,000 ; Ashland block, $600,- 000 ; German Opeia House, $600,000 ; the Newberry Library, $500,000 ; the Mecca apartment house, $600,000 ; the Venetian, $300,000 ; Hopson's Hotel, $250,000 ; J. W.Ellsworth's office building at 353 and 359 Dearborn street, $250,000 ; Chicago Athletic Association's -Club House, $200,000 ; John M. Smyth's mercantile building, "$200,000 ; American Express Company's Stables at ISebor and Clinton streets, $200,000. The large buildings for which per- mits were issued, and on which work has not jet been commenced are as follows : The Marquette, on the site of the Honore block, $900,000 ; Hig- gins & Furber's, sixteen-story store and office building at the southeast corner of State and Washington streets, $800,000 ; D. E. Blodgett, a twelve-story office structure on the site of the Times building at Fifth avenue and Wash- ington street. $700,000 ; D. E. Bradley, a sixteen-story office structure on Quincy and Jackson streets, east of Dearborn, $600,000; Francis Barlett's sixteen story office building on the south side of Van Buren street, between Dearborn street and Plymouth place, $600,000 ; Brooks estate on Dearborn street, north of Van Buren, sixteen-story office building, $600,000 ; Byron L. Smith, sixteen story store and office building at the southwest corner of Mich- igan avenue and Washington street, $400,000 ; William A. Giles, twelve-story office building at the northeast corner of Jackson street and Fifth avenue, $400,000 ; the George A. Fuller Company, a fourteen-story mercantile build- ing at 147 and 153 Fifth avenue, $400,000 ; and Otto Young, sixteen-story store and office building at the northwest corner of State and Madison streets, $288.000; the total involving an expenditure of $10,738,000. Other notable buildings for which permits were issued during 1891, many of which are now completed, are as follows: The six-story store and apart- ment house being erected by St. Luke's Hospital at 1423 and 1429 Michigan avenue, at a cost of $140,000; estate of B. F.Tobin, six-story apartment house at the southeast corner of Cottage Grove avenue and Thirty third street, at a cost of $125,000; B. Philpot, four-story store and Hat buildings at the north- west corner of Michigan avenue and Thirteenth street, $100,000; A. Turner, a four story apartment house at Forty seventh street and Ellis avenue, $100,- 000: John A. Lynch, a three-story residence and barn at 562 and 568 North State street, $100,000; J. W. Oakley, six story warehouse at 112 and 120 Michigan street, $100,000; M. Krause, six-story warehouse at 158 to 168 West Randolph street, $100,000; Western Wheel Works, a five-story factory at 127 CHICAGO AS IT IS. 107 and 139 Sigel street, $80,000; L. Wolff Manufacturing Company, to Deconstruct and add three stories to the building at 91 Dearborn street, $75,000; Frank Turner, five four story and basement store and flat buildings at 1254 and 1258 1 North Clark street, $70,000; Taylor, Allen & Co., seven three-story houses at 5026 and 5088 Washington avenue, $70,000; George Hankius, eight four-story flat buildings at the southeast corner of Twenty -sixth street and Indiana ave- nue, $75,000; A. L. Patterson, seven four-story store and flat buildings at Forty-third street and Evans avenue, $75,000; F. D. Clarke, ten-story apart- ment house at 333 and 335 Michigan avenue, $75,000; Einstein &Merritt, four- story store building at 201 and 207 State street, $70,000; the Citizen's Brewing Company, a six-story brew-house at 2754 and 8764 Archer avenue, $200,000; the Standard Brewing Company, an $80,000 plant at the southwest corner of Twelfth street and Campbell avenue; Peter Hand Brewing Company, a $60,- 000 plant at 35 to 47 Sheffield avenue, while Brewer & Hoffman enlarged their plant to the extent of $50,000, and the Anheuser-Busch Company, of St. Louis, built a supply depot at a cost of $50,000. The city erected twenty-two school buildings, at an average cost of $70,- 000, making a total of $1,540,000. The buildings are mostly three stories high and contain sixteen rooms, each with a capacity for about sixty pupils. They are constructed of brick, stone and terra cotta, the interiors being nicely finished and heated by steam. SHIP. AND DRAINAGE CANAL. The question of drainage is one that has received the most earnest atten- tion of the people of Chicago during recent years. It involves so much of momentous importance that the State of Illinois has placed it in the hands of a Drainage Commission, with powers equal to those exercised by the county or municipal governments. These powers embrace the borrowing of an enor- mous amount of mouey upon the credit of the people owning property in the districts to be affected by the carrying out of the scheme, the condemnation of Und, the digging of canals, the construction of dams, dykes, docks, etc., etc., and the general management of the drainage system of the district known as the Desplaines Water Shed. It would require a volume in itself to give a proper review of the drainage questioe. The chief features only can be treated of here: Changing the Water Flow. In the remote past the overflow of the waters of Lake Superior and Lake Michigan ran through the Mississippi south to the Gulf of Mexico, instead of as now northeast through the Gulf of St. Law- rence to the Atlantic. At the same time Lake Erie was emptying into the Atlantic through Lake Ontario and the St. Lawrence; not by the Niagara, but by the Dundas valley, a channel not far from the line of the present Welland canal. Then, at some epoch unknown and for some cause unguessed, the Detroit strait and the Niagara strait were opened, Lake Michigan slowly fell about thirty feet, and its outlet (now "the Divide, "at Summit, close to nity limits, twelve miles southwest of the Court-house) gradually filled up wUh 108 GUIDE TO CHICAGO. THE SANITARY DRAINAGE DISTRICT. CHICAGO AS IT IS. 109 mixed deposit; so that to-day the dry bed of "Mud Lake " ia the sole remain- ing representative of the once great southward waterway. Within a few years, long before the close of the nineteenth century, the old order of things must be re-established and mighty Michigan once more find its waters flowing southward. The hand of man will compel it again to turn in its bed, and lie with its head to the north aud its foot to the south as of old. The canal which is to be built as an outlet will carry a stream of water 160 feet wide, 18 feet deep, flowing 2 J miles an hour. Through this canal the largest steamers might float, but it is not intended that passage through shall be provided for them, because the locks by which they would have to descend (151| feet) to reach the Illi- nois river are too small and the river itself is far too shallow for their accom- modation. Some Mississippi boats can come to us, but our stately ships can not go to them. Each must break bulk in Chicago. Also an important consideration light draft gunboats may pass and repass freely between the great lakes and the great river. As we stand now, any nation having control of the St. Lawrence and the Welland canal has at least the highway necessary to command Lakes Erie, St. Clair, Huron and Michigan with all that lies on their shores. Cost of the Undertaking. To accomplish the ends desired will cost the Sanitary District (practically the city of Chicago) about $20,000,000. Disposing of Chicago Sewage. Theone great object of this ship canal, how- ever, is to dispose of Chicago sewage. When the population was small, the city was drained by the Chicago river and the lake. Years ago it became apparent that a change would have to be made in this respect. The course of the Chicago river is naturally into Lake Michigan, but pumping works were erected at Bridgeport, in the southwestern part of the city, which lift an average of 40,000 cubic feet per minute into the Illinois and Michigan Canal, causing, under ordinary conditions, a perceptible current away from the lake. The water thus pumped into the canal flows south to the Illinois river and thence to the Mississippi. Pumping works at Fullerton avenue, on the north branchof the Chicago river, force water from the lake into thatstream, diluting its contents, and furnishing the head needed for a flow toward the Bridgeport pumps. This means of disposing of the city's sewage is wholly inadequate to its needs, and the pollution of the water supply of the city is constantly menaced. Measures have therefore been taken to construct a large gravity channel as an outlet for the sewage of Chicago into the Illinois river. The Chicago Sanitary District has been formed by act of Legislature of the State of Illinois; nine trustees have been elected to supervise the construction of a channel; a corps of engineers has been set at work making preliminary sur- veys, and plans are being perfected for a channel which will answer the double purpose of disposing of the city's sewage and establishing a naviga- ble waterway for the interchange of commerce between Lake Michigan and the Mississippi river. Route of the Ship Canal. A trip over the route of the great ship and drain- age canal will be interesting and iastructive to visitors who are of an inquir- ing or of a scientific turn of mind. Starting from Bridgeport, where is located the present pumping works (Ashland and Archer avenues), whose ponderous engines are laboriously lifting, every minute, 60,000 cubic feet of the slimy, filthy water of the river, at a cost of $1,000 per week, we strike right across the country to Summit. Here we come to the bank of the ' ' Ogden-Went- worth ditch," well known by name to very many and by face to very few. 110 GUIDE TO CHICAGO. Sometimes it has been a great, moving flood, bringing Desplaines water in to work harm to all the low-lying partsof Southwestern Chicago. Now it is a huge gutter, dry, except for a sluggish rivulet trickling along its middle. Its purpose was to drain Mud Lake, and by its aid that long, narrow basin is now and has been for many years dry land at least land dry enough for agriculture, and to some extent for humble habitation by theunexacting poor. Its course presents few attractions none, unless the great Chicago Bride- well be called attractive, which it is not, usually rather to be avoided if con- venient. Eight miles out, at the head of the ditch, is the " Ogden Dam,'' another entity whereof many know the name who would not recognize the aspect if they met it in their morning walks. It is a plank wall perhaps twelve feet high on an average, running less than 100 feet northerly and southerly, bar- ring the eastward flow of the Deeplaines river, save when spring floods over- top it, Mud Lake becomes once more a lake, and its waters flow with great speed and volume unchecked toward the city, where they enter the South Branch and drive its foul winter accumulations out into the lake our drink- ing fountain. So we have reached the famous "Divide." This is" Summit." Before us is the Desplaines, flowing toward the warm, torrid Gulf of Mexico; bebind us the waters that are destined to the Gulf of St. Lawrence by icy, stormy Labrador. We have come eight miles fr m Bridgeport, and all the way on our left we have passed the present canal, its course marked by the long high pile ol rocks excavated from its bed. Just beyond the canal is the Chicago & Alton railroad, which closely follows its course nearly all the way to Joliet, and just this side of it the Chicago and Santa Fe, which crosses the ditch east of the dam. It happens quite by accident that the first stretch of the Ogden Ditch points directly toward the Auditorium tower, and, as we look back along its course, that square structure is perfectly visible with a glass may be faintly descried with the naked eye in favorable states of the atmosphere, looming In the little gap between the low shrubbery that has sprung up on either side of the watercourse. Turning our backsto Lake Michigan we see before us to the southwest the "twelve-mile level " of the Desplaines. At this dry time it is almost without current, and the landscape along its banks is as tame and featureless as can well be imagined. Even the canal itself has more fall here than the river, and its bed is some twelve feet lower than the surface of the stream. The rolling prairie near Summit changes to a wooded ridge coming in from the left as we near Willow Springs, a place attractive to festive picnickers brought out by the Alton and tlie Santa Fe railways, the former following the left bank and the latter the right. Following the tow path we come in sight of frequent piles of waste rock, showing that we are entering the great quarry district. The old canal (still some feet lower than the river) runs near a high wooded ridge that marks the southeasterly limit of the valley. At length this ridge begins to grow lower; we are approaching the "Sag" feeder which used tobring water from the Calumet river anddeliveritto the canal. Wearily we climb the hill, when, all at once, a strong, cool breeze greets the beaded brow, and lifting the eyes they are surprised with the sight of abroad green vale stretching eastward far below, bringing a silvery, winding stream and a refreshing breath of unmistakable Lnke Michigan air. Here is a ceme- tery and a Catholic priest in attendance. From him we learn : CHICAGO AS It IS. Ill ' ' This is the Sag Bottoms before you. It is a low area of land running to Calumet Lake, some twenty-five miles away. The Indians who used to live here called the stream the Au-sag-nous-ki, the west grass valley. You see that winding stream? Well, that's the Sag feeder, the old Calumet Canal. Buck about '50 they used to run passenger-boats down the feeder. There wereu'tany railroads to speak of then. The feeder runs clear through from the Calumet river to Stony Creek, round Lane's Island (which isn't an island at all, but only high ground), and down through the bottoms into the Illinois and Michigan Canal just below here. That is the town of Sag over there." We descend and follow the feeder to its junction with the canal. Its water is low now, since the canal was deepened (1870), but there is still a cur- rent passing under the bridge of the railway, its successful and dominant rival. From Hastings to Lemont the canal presents a lively aspect. Quarry succeeds quarry in close succession. Each has its swinging cranes at work loading track-cars and canal-boats, and the canal is frequently bridged with "locomotive cranes "running on supporting trusses, and carry ing huge blocks of stone from the quarries to the mills to be sawed or planed into building blocks or flag-stones. In the quarries proper the scene is active and the sound continuous. Steam drills and channelers bore and carve the sandstone, and brawny arms raise and drop the heavy hand-drill. Here is a line of men sinking a series of wedge-holes into a stratum of the milk-white rock ; beyond is another line driving a row of wedges with fast-falling blows of the sledge- hammer. A sharp, cracking noise and the ;plit has run from hole to hole, and with a grinding sound a long, narrow strip of stone pushes out from its immemorial bed. "Do you see those men slinking off through the weeds on the hill ? They are getting out of the way of a blast." Sure enough, in a few seconds a sound of cannon-shot indicates that several blasts have been fired simultaneously by electricity. A mass of smoke rises, and as the cloud dis- perses it discloses a shower of fragments and falling stones. Below Lemont some extensive earth-moving, "scalping," is doing by steam shovels to s.trip the rock for quarrying. Though the Desplaines here is broad, shallow and sluggish, yet it has already fallen a good deal, for it is now about level with the canal or lower. These inexhaustible quarries of easily-worked stone are a great and ownly partly recognized factor in making Chicago what she is and what she will be. Timber to the north, coal to the south, a great lake to the northeast, a great river to the southwest, and a glorious country all around what more could be asked to build her up to be the metropolis of America? Nothing but something to build with. And she has it all. Lumber is her great staple. Brick, clay and building-sand are her very foundation, and a whole valley of kindly rock is at her very door. In truth Chicago is Nature's chosen tabernacle. Vain vain and foolish for us Chicagoans to fancy that we made our city, for it is Chicago which haa made us. From Lemont to Lockport the vallev widens, the bottoms forming level and open areas of prairie. At Lockport the river is some twenty-five feet lower than at Lemont. Lockport is a large and interesting manufacturing town, showing the effect of the water-power which even the old canal has furnished. Much surplus water is now wasting here; not because it is not valuable, but because it is the product of Vie increased action of the Bridge- port pumps, an increase which has accrued too lately to allow time to erect the mills which should be using the power. The flood forms a raging torrent forty feet wide, attractive to the eye, offensive to the nose. From Lockport to Joliet is eight miles, but the drainage canal, strictly 112 GUIDE TO CHICAGO. speaking, ceases at Lockport, thirty-four miles below Chicago, where the river bed becomes low enough to care for the water. The canal is under way and will surely be completed within our own times. All craft short of our great lakers will use it. By water to the gulf and beyond will be part of our daily traffic. Note. -The canal and its route are almost as far from construction or determination at this writing as they were when the last edition of the Guide was given to the public. There is so much vagueness connected with the work of the commission and the engineers, and so much uncertainty as to plans, that the compiler does not feel justified in changing the foregoing matter' There is nothing better to substitute. WATER WORKS. The water works of Chicago are among the wonders of the city, not alone because of their magnitude, but because of the magnificent engineering features which they present to the intelligent or curious visitor. The great central pumping works of the system are as follows: Foot of Chicago avenue, North Side. Take North Clark street" cable or State street car to Chicago avenue, and walk east toward the lake. These works are at the Southern end of the Lake Shore drive and should be visited by all strangers. West Side works, corner of Blue Island avenue and Twenty -second street. Take Blue Island avenue car. Central pumping station, West Harrison street; between Desplaines and Halsted streets. Take Harrison street o-r South Halsted street cars. To visit the different " cribs " situated in Lake Michi- gan, during the summer months, take excursion boats on the lake shore, foot of Van Buren street. The fare for round trip is 25 cents. The area of Chi- cago is about 181 square miles, the greater part of which is thickly populated, requiring good facilities for an abundant supply of water. This is drawn from Lake Michigan by a number of separate water works, all of which are operated upon the same plan. Owing to the perfectly level plain upon which Chicago is built, there is no natural elevation available for the establishment of reservoirs. The water, when drawn from the lake, is pumped directly into the mains against a stand-pipe head of about 100 feet. Description of Water Works. The Water Works System may be intelli- gently described by confining ourselves to the principal Water Works, or those now in full operation. Two miles from the shore, in the lake, a substan- tial structure is located, which is popularly styled "the crib," within which is an iron cylinder 9 feet in diameter, extending down 31 feet below the bot- tom of the lake, and connecting with two distinct tunnels leading to separate pumping works on shore. Water is admitted into the crib from the surface of the lake, its flow being regulated by a gate. The tunnel first constructed is five feet in diameter, and commiraicates with the pumping works at the foot of Chicago ave., where there are four double and two single engines, [Engraved for The Standard Guide Company.] MASONIC TEMPLE, STATE AND RANDOLPH STS. [See "Guide."] CHICAGO AS IT IS. 113 which furnishes a daily average of 50,000,000 gallons under a head of 105.7 feet. The second tunnel is seven feet in diameter, and extends under the lake and under the eity, a distance of six miles, to the pumping works on the West Side, in which there are four engines whose daily performance is about 61,000,000 gallons under a head of 106 feet. A new central pumping station has recently been built on West Harrison St., between Desplaines and Halsted sts. , which is for the present obtaining its supply of water from the seven- foot tunnel just referred to. It is equipped with two triple expansion engines, built by the Edward P. Allis Company, of Milwaukee, each weigh- ing 440 tons, including pumps, and each calculated to deliver 15,000,000 gal- lons daily against ahead of 125 feet, with a steam pressure of 125 pounds. With a view to meeting the requirements in the near future of this rapidly growing city, a new lake tunnel is in course of construction. The in-take to this tunnel will be located four miles from shore, to avoid the pollution of the water supply from the drainage into the lake. The original plans con- templated an eight-foot tunnel, but difficulties were encountered in the nature of the soil which made it necessary to reduce the size, and two six- foot tunnels are now being driven. An intermediate crib has been built, two and one-half miles from shore, to enable the water supply from this source to be made available at an early day. The central pumping station at Harri- son st. will eventually draw its supply from this new tunnel, as will another pumping station now in course of erection on Fourteenth st. The latter sta- tion will be supplied with four triple expansion engines of the same pattern as those at the Harrison street station. Cost of Water Works. The total cost of the works constituting the Chicago Water system is as fojlows: Cost up to May 6, 1861, when the works were transferred from Board of Water Commissioners to the Board of Public works $1,020,160 21 Expenditures since 1861. Cost of water pipe laid (including labor) $7,812,132 37 Cost of North pumping works 918,57314 Cost of West pumping works 896,849 37 Cost of first lake tunnel 464,866 37 Cost of second lake tunnel 415,709 36 Cost of lake crib protection 149,431 63 Cost of new lake tunnel 232,46619 Cost of land tunnel to West pumping works 542,912 63 Cost of new land tunnel 254,894 38 Cost of lake tunnel crib 70,31910 Cost of lake shore inlet 43,871 17 Cost of new lake shore inlet 84,47417 Cost of water worlds shop 25,551 73 Cost of water works stock 29,318 00 Cost of water reservoir fence v . . . 1,702 87 Cost of addition to stable 1,01948 Cost of real estate for sites of new pumping works 200,972 35 Cost on account of Central pumping works 235,150 11 Cost on account of South Side pumping works 141,743 46 Cost on account of new lake crib 19'i,263 65 Cost on account ot breakwater 28,181 93 Total cost of the entire water works to December 31, 1889 $13,772,562 25 Amounts expended in 1890 1,250,00000 Total cost to December 31, 1890 $15,038,562 25 Total Cost to Dec. 31, 1891 (estimated) 18,000,000 114 GUIDE TO CHICAGO. New Water Tunnels. The new water tunnels will be completed long before the World's Columbian Exposition is held here. It is expected that the additional water supply will pas through these tunnels and be distributed in the city before the close of 1892. Source of Water Supply. The water supply of Chicago and her environs is taken from Lake Michigan, which is a part of the chain of lakes and rivers composing the basin of the St. Lawrence. To form some idea of this inex- haustible and magnificent reservoir of pure water, at the" very doors of her people, it is only necessary to give a few pertinent statistics. The chief geographer of the United States geological survey gives the following data: Area of basin of St. Lawrence, 457,000 square miles, of which 330,000 belong to Canada, 127,000 to the United States. Lake Superior area, 31,200 square miles; length, 412 miles; minimum breadth, 167 miles; maximum depth, 1,008 feet; altitude above sea level, 602 feet. Lake Huron area, 21,000 square miles; 263 miles long, 101 broad; maxi- mum depth, 702 feet, altitude, 581 feet. Lake St. Glair, 29 miles long; Lake Erie, area, 9,960 square miles; length, 250 miles; maximum breadth, 60 miles; maximum depth, 210 feet; altitude, 573 feet, aud above Lake Ontario 326 feet. Lake Ontario area, 7, 240 square miles; length, 190 miles; breadth, 54 miles; maximum depth, 738 feet; altitude, 247 feet. Lake Michigan area, 22,450 square miles; maximum breadth, 84 miles; length, 345 miles, maximum depth, 870 feet; altitude, 581 feet. Temperature of Lake Water. The average temperature of the water in the lake, from observations taken at the crib during the year 1891, was: Jan- uary, 32.0; February, 32.0; March, 35. 4; April, 43.3; May, 51.9, June, 54.9; July, 6.5.9; August, 60.2; October, 50.6; November, 43.0; December, 37.5. Water Towers. For the benefit of those wlio do not understand the prin- ciples of water distribution in a great city, the following explanation is given : A tunnel from the crib in the lake is built on an iucline so that the water pours into a well under tokery,with over 600 rooms, is a wilderness of offices, one great pile of marble, andiron, and glass, and tiling. The Home Insurance Company Building, which, when completed a few years ago, was looked upon as the ultima thule in office buildings, has had its dizzy heights capped by two additional stories, so that the occupnnts of the top floor look down upon those of the top floor of the Rookery. The Tacorna, that grace- ful structure on the northeast corner of Madison and LaSalle streets, has 500 abodes on its many floors. Mailer's building, on the southwest corner of LaSalle and Quincy streets; the Gaff and Counseknan Buildings, and the Royal Insurance Company's building adjoining, contain 110 and 200 and 300 and 400 offices. "Brother Jonathan" Building, on Sherman and Jackson streets; the Rialto, which gives the Board of Trade a Venetian atmosphere, and the Insurance Exchange, opposite the Rookery, are colonies within themselves. Some Notable Examples. At the proper time and in the proper place many of the great structures of Chicago will be pointed out to the visitor and described. Some of the great architectural monuments that shall demand attention here are, the Board of Trade, the '^.Rookery," the Phoenix building, the Counselman building, the Gaff building, the Insurance Exchange build- ing, the Home Insurance building, the Calumet building, the Tacoma building, the Chamber of Commerce bldg., the Manhattan blag., the Temple, the Ashland bldg., the new German Theatre, and the City Hall and Court House ; all of which may be seen in a walk down La Salle street, from Ran- dolph to Jackson street. Marshall Field & Co.'s retail store, the Palmer House and the Leiter building, on State street. The Auditorium, Stude- baker, Art Institute and Pullman buildings, on Michigan avenue. The im- mense structures that are now rising, and have arisen like giants on South Dearborn street during the past two years; the Rialto and surround- ing structures on Van Buren street ; the Royal Insurance building on Jackson street; the Rand &McNally, and the Marshall Field & Co.'s building on Adams street ; the Grand Central'railroad depot on Fifth ave.; the Herald building on Washington street, and the First Regiment Armory on Michigan boule- vard. Besides these, the great Masonic Temple, the Temperance Temple, and a score of other magnificent structures, now in course of erection, will add to the amazement of the foreign or the American visitor, who has been taught to look upon Chicago as a clumsily-built Western town. Stfd, Construction. Chicago is rapidly becoming a city of steel from the enormous quantity of that material used in the great down-town buildings. This extensive use of rolled steel for the skeletons of massive sky scrapers has not only revolutionized the style of building, but it has as well created a new industry. The Chicago Opera House was the first fire proof building in the city in which this radical departure in building rules was tnade. The floor THE ENCYCLOPEDIA* 131 beams were those first used of steel. The columns were of cast iron. Then followed the Rookery, Counselman, Gaff and Boaid of Trade buildings, all with steel beams and cast iron columns. But steel is gradually replacing cast-iron for columns. The Rand-McNally building was the first in which steel was used exclusively. But the Monadnock, Pontiac, Caxton, Kearsage, Northern Hotel, Masonic and Tempi ranee Temples, the new Athletic Club building, the Ashland building, the Cook County Abstract building and the Fair building, are all steel structures. The steel used besides the beams and columns is found intheframesof bay windows, roof work, supports for roofs in fact, everything that assists in holding the weight of the building. The foundations also are of steel. WHERE THE STEEL COMES FROM. This steel comes from various points. Almost all the heavy steel rails used in foundations are made by the Illinois Steel Company here in Chicago. These are the regular rails in use on rail- ways. Rails are made to weigh from sixty to eighty pounds to the yard in length. The seventy-five pound rails are the ones used in foundations. Those foundations are laid deep of tiers of rails crossed, and are extended always into the street or alley beyond the building line, the distance varying accord- ing to the height and weight of the building. To illustrate: Under the Fair building foundation rails reach out twelve feet under the street and nine feet under the alley. Of the steel beams 90 per cent, comes from Pittsburgh, from the mills of Carnegie, Phipps & Co. and Jones & Laughlin. A heavy trade in beams is also done in Potts ville, Pa.; Trenton, N. J.jaud Pho3nixville, Pa. Certain sizes of steel beams are made by the Illinois Steel Company. COST OF STEEL BUILDING. Steel columns and beams are worth $75 a ton delivered in Chicago. The combination price of steel beams is $3.20 a hundred pounds, without any fittings, Chicago delivery. Small materials in steel for such as windows and roof work cost from 3 to 5 cents a pound. The price on steel varies but little, as the mills have an agreement and there are but trifling deviations. As to relative cost of a steel-ribbed building to day and one of the best styled structures, say, ten years ago, the modern one is the more expensive, for labor is costlier now than then. What really gave birth to this steel style of construction was the fact that none of the down- town Chicagoans wanted to leave the center of the city. Land and space grew more valuable and taller buildings became a necessity. The principal advantage of steel ones and the old style of construction is that the building can be m-ide higher with safety. This style is lighter and stronger than the old method, too. Steel is succeeding cast iron. This is largely due to the fact that there is no practicable way of testing cast iron, while there is of steel. None of the manufacturers have ever made a machine to test cast iron. Cast iron col- umns are cast hollow while lying horizontally. The metal which is poured in, by running round the core to the bottom first, may press the core upward, so that on cooling the upper side of the column may be thinner than the under side. Again, there may be air bubbles form between two currents of molten metal. What inspection is made is to look for those two defects. One method to determine the thickness is to bore small holes through the column, but there is absolutely no way to discover those air bubbles. The only other test is to set the column on end and bring an enormous hydraulic pressure to bear on it. Cast iron columns are fastened together in the build- 132 GUIDE TO CHICAGO. ing by bolts screwed on, while steel columns are riveted together in the build- ing with redhot rivets. This makes the structure more solid. TESTING STEEL COLUMNS. The manner of testing steel is thorough. The steel used is the Bessemer, and is rolled between wheels under a tremen- dous pressure. Air bubbles are pressed out. The columns are not round. They are made in plate form and riveted. They can be seen on all sides so as to determine their thickness. The inspection is elaborate. The inspec- tors take a quantity of ore out of each " blow " and test it as to the quality of the steel it will make. If it is not up to the requirements builders take no steel made from that "blow." It is inspected and tested again when the steel is made and again while it is being put together, and if found defective at any point it is not used. Again, every piece of structural steel is numbered; not only that, but the ore is designated that shall go into a certain piece of steel. ^ So thorough is this followed in detail and recorded that a builder by referring to his office record can trace back the course of any piece of steel in a building through the three stages of inspection, back to its original ore shape. In case of an accident he could thus locate the responsibility. INSPECTION OP STEEL. One of those inspections tests the breaking power of the steel, and builders load a building above one-fifth of that breaking power. In calculating so as to insure safety, they figure first on the straight downward pressure, then on the resistance of the wind. Besides this, on the tops of all these big office buildings are great water tanks to furnish water to run elevators and for the bowls, as the city water pressure does not drive water to the top of sky-scrapers. Those full tanks are of tremendous weight. There must be extra support for their weight. Then the strain on an eleva- tor is enormous at times. If filled with people, it is going down rapidly and suddenly stops, the columns supporting that elevator must be extra strong or something will break. There are do/ens of things that must be allowed for. It's a trade, a profession by itself, and there's plenty of room for think- ing in it. Every precaution is taken to guard against accident and to assure safety; that is to say, among those architects and builders of the city who have devoted great time to this class of structures and whose names are identified in the public mind with this Chicago style of architecture. ART. There are estimated to be in Chicago at least five hundred artists, who are engaged exclusively in their calling, and who find a ready market for their work, if it is meritorious in character. There are here a large number of gentleman of wealth who have devoted themselves for years past to fos- tering the development of art in Chicago, and who have contributed largely toward popularizing art exhibitions and art studies. During the past few years great progress has been made in the direction of building of private gal- leries, and the walls of many of the residences of the city are now orna- mented with some of the choicest productions of the studios of Europe and America. . THE ENCYCLOPEDIA. 133 Permanent Art Building. Now in course of construction, on the Lake Front, site of the old later-State Expositon building, main entrance to face Adams st. Within easy walking distance of all railroad depots, street car terminals, hotels, etc., in the heart of the business center. This magnificent structure takes the place of the present Art Institute, Michigan ave. and Van Buren St., which passes into the possesion of the Chicago Club. The design of the new institute was prepared by Architects Shepley, Rutan and Cool- idge, and was subjected to changes at the hands of the Committee on Build- ings. The structure has a frontage of 320 feet on Michigan ave.; the main depth is 175 feet, with projections making an arc 208 ftet in depth. The plan is that of a parallelogram. It consists of two galleries, the tirst being devoted to plaster casts, sculptures, busts, models, etc. ; the second to pictures, being lighted by sky-lights from above. The main galleries are twenty-seven feet wide and the second galleries twelve feet wide. The main staircase is directly in front as the visitor enters. On one side is a lecture room capable of seating 1,000 people, and on the other a library in which is kept the refer- ence boous pertaining to art. The plan of the picture galleries is similar to that of the statuary halls below, except that most of the rooms are lighted by skylights. The whole building is constructed of Bedford liaieslone, with a base of granite extending to the water-table. The lower portion is rusti- cated as far as the top of the first floor. Above this is a plain band of chiseled stone, and surmounting this is panels filled with statuary. Sur- mounting this is an entablature and cornice richly decorated, the effect of which is highly increased by the plain surface below. The idea of the exte- rior is to the main masses plain and simple, grouping the richness in certain places which are important in the design of the building. The roof is of copper and glass and presents au ornate and artistic appearance. The entrance hall is marble, and the principal feature is the grand staircase, which is in a case fifty feet square. This is lighted by a large skylight overhead, and an arcade is formed by arches on all four sides. The marble work of the staircase is white, and the decoration is in keeping with it. The vestibule Is in marble and mosaic, and beyond this is the entrance hall, which is in mar- ble, with mosaic floors and ceiling. The galleries lead out from this from either side, and are entered through arched openings. The plans provided for the use of hollow brick inner walls overlaid with one and one-half inch planks, cov- ered with canvas, which allows heavy pictures to be screwed to the walls where most convenient. The building is lighted by electricity, and all modern improvements are used. It has been decided by the Art Institute Trustees not to build* the grand staircase and central wing until after the close of the Fair. The present staircase is a double one, eight feet wide, and will furnish ample room. The building stands as far back from the Michigan avenue sidewalk as it can be placed, and furnish room for a roadway between it and the Illinois Central tracks. The entrance to the vestibule is through three arched openings. The funds for the construction of the Art Palace were derived from three sources. The Art Institute, by the sale of its old building to the Chicago Club, realized $275,000, the World's Fair Directory contributed $200,000, and Charles L. Hutchinson, President of the Art Institute, raised by private subscription $55,000. This makes a total of $530,000; but an addi- tional $70,000 was raised, so that the total cost amounted to $600,000. Art Institute of Chicago, Art Museum. Located in the Art Institute building, Michigan avenue and Van Buren street; incorporated May 24, 1879. Officers Charles L. Hutchinson, president; James H. Dole, vice president; 134 GUIDE TO CHICAGO. Lyman J. Gage, treasurer, N. H. Carpenter, secretary. W. M. R. French, director. Executive Committee Charles L. Hutchinson, A. A. Sprague, James H. Dole. Charles D. Hamill, John C. Black, William T. Baker. Trustees, 1890-91 Charles L. Hutchinson, Samuel M. Nickerson, David W. Irwin, Martin A. Ryerson, William T. Baker, Eliphalet W. Blatchfnrd, Nathaniel K. Fairbank, James H. Dole, Albert A. Sprague, John C. Black, Adolphus C. Bartlett, J. J. Glessner, Charles D. Hamill, Edson Kekli, Levi Z. Leiter, Wirt D. Walker, Homer N. Hibbard, Marshall Field, George N. Culver, P. C. Handford. The Art Institute building [see illustration] has been pronounced by crit- ics the finest specimen of modern architecture in Chicago. It is built of brown stone; has a beautiful facade, is splendidly located, lighted perfectly, and, although not as massive in construction as some of its neighbors, is one of the attractive edifices of the Lake Front. The Art Institute owes its origin and prosperity to the disinterested and energetic services of a few Chicago gentlemen, who have expended upon it not only a great deal of their private means, but much of their time during the past ten years. During 1889 a very handsome addition was made to the building, which led to some very desirable changes in the interior arrangement. The portion of the Art Insti- tute formerly occupied by sky -lighted picture galleries, was carried up three floors, thus raising all the galleries to the fourth floor, and two floors of the same area as the former picture gallaries were added for exhibitioner other uses. These gallaries are six in number, of which five occupy a space of 170 by 27 feet; and the other a space of 40 by 50 feet. They accommodate about 550 pictures when closely hung, and the light and appointments are in every way excellent. The Cast collection occupies the whole of the main floor and one large room upon the second floor. The Library is accommodated in a commodious room. The collection of Greek vasea and antiquities occupies one room and the metal collection and bronzes another. A space on the third floor has been arranged fora lecture room. The building is provided with two passenger elevators. The following societies are tenants of the building: The Chicago Literary Club, The Fortnightly Club, The Chicago Women's Club, The Chicago Society of Decorative Art, The Kindergarten Training School. There are now in the Art Institute thirteen pictures from the collection of Prince Demidoff, together with one by Holbein from the May collec- tion in Paris, which constitute a group of Old Dutch Masters of such value and interest as perhaps has never before crossed the ocean. They are a part of the permanent collection of the Art Institute, the purchasers relying on the generosity of the friends of the Art Institute to pay for them and present them to the museum. Some have already been so presented. Several of these pictures, such as the examples of Hobbema and Van Ostade are among the most important known works of the Masters, and all are important pictures in perfect preservation. The Masters represented are Hobbema, Van Ostade, Rembrandt, Franz Hals, Ruysdael, Van Mieris, Holbein, Teniers, Van Dyck, Rubens, "Jan Steen, Adr. Van de Velde, Terburg and Zeeman. The presence of this group of pictures is sufficient to give our collection good standing among American museums, and their acquisition is the most important step of the year. THE ENCYCLOPEDIA. 135 As an evidence of the popularity of the Art Institute among the people, the following facts are given: During the year 1889-90 the building was closed half the time on account of building operations. The aggregate attendance of visitors to the museum during the six months was 66,927, and the 'admission fees and catalogue sales amounted to $1 .942.15; number of visit- ors paid admission fees, 5,344; number on free days, 45,915; number admitted free on membership tickets, other days, 12,667; number of visitors, students, artists; etc., admitted free, on other days (estimated) 3, 000; total admission, 66,926; average number of visitors on Saturdays, free all day, 6G9; average number of visitors on Sundays, open 1 to 5, free, 855. The income from all sources for the year was $44,624.71; current expenses, $43,850.60; cash donations, $25,685.03. The whole income from all sources (aside from sums which merely passed through the treasury) was $70,309.74. The original cost of the land, with the building upon it, was $61,000; the amount expended by the Art Institute in building since that time has aggregated $208,500. The value of the collections now in the keeping of the institute, partly the property of the Art Institute, but chiefly loans, considerably exceeds $500,000. Large additions are being made annually to the collections in the galleries and museum. The principal accessions of late have been: A collec- tion of Greek vases and antique marbles, and other objects, the gift of Mr. Philip D. Armour and Mr. Charles L. Hutchinson; a full set of chromo-litbo- graph reproductions of the old masters, published by the Arundel Society, presented by Mr. Edward E. Ay er; a collection of works in metal, chiefly electrotype reproductions, presented by Mr. Martin A. Ryerson and Mr. Hutchinson; oil paintings, "The Shepherd's Star," by Jules Breton, pre- sented by Mr. Philip D. Amour; " Marsh in the North of Holland," by Eugene Jettel, presented by P. C. Hanford; " The Close of Day," by Charles H. Davis, purchased from the gift of the Opera Festival Association; Gobelin Tapestry, presented by -Mr. Charles J. Singer. The Cast collection has been enriched by the fine collection of antique sculpture presented by the Inter- State Industrial Exposition of Chicago, and the library has received the splendid work upon the Basilica of St. Marks, presented b-y Mr. Franklin MacVeagh and Mr. Hutchinson. During Mr. Hutchinson's visit to Europe in 1890, he made numerous purchases for the Art Institute. Among them are two fine examples of carved ivory. One of these, a triptych, represents in high relief on the cen- tral tablet the flight of the holy family into Egypt. The virgin, with the child Jesus in her arms, is seated on an ass that is being led by an angel, who is feeding the animal from an up-drawn fold of its robe. Joseph follows with staff and water-bottle. Above this group are cherubs in the bough of a tree handing down fruit to the babe in Mary's arms, who is stretching out his arms to receive it. On each of the leaves of this triptych are two panels rep- resenting saints, the crucifix, the lamb and other ecclesiastical symbols. The other piece of ivory carving is a panel representing the crucifixion and is a very high relief , the principal figures being almost in the round. Within a space of five and one-half by four and one-half inches there are indicated fourteen figures of people, three horses and a dog. Next in prominence to the figures on the three crosses are two soldiers in the immediate foreground w ho are parting the raiment, as is recorded in sacred story, while to the left a dog stands regarding their action. In the middle distance a Roman soldier is thrusting his spear into the Saviour's side. Clinging to the foot of the cross is Mary Magdalen, while back and to the right St. John supports the grief- 136 GUIDE TO CHICAGO. bowed figure of Mary, the mother of Christ. The whole work on thia panel Is most carefully studied and skillfully wrought. These two pieces are the first examples of ivory carving which have been acquired by the Art Institute, although a fine example of Japanese carving is in the loan collection and a figure of carved wood and ivory has for some time been the property of the Institute. [Visitors to the Art Institute will be provided with catalogues of the entire collection.] Art Collections. The private art collections of Chicago are very numerous and very extensive. This is strikingly evident at each recurring exhibit of loaned pictures at the Art Institute or elsewhere. The annual exhibits at the Inter-State Exposition, now a thing of the past, by reason of the changes necessary pending the World's Columbian Exposition, have grown from year to year, until they promised to rank among the best in the country. Steps have been taken to erect a permanent Art Hall on the Lake Front, in which these annual exhibitions will be continued. This building will be erected for the Columbian Exposition, but will be constructed in such a manner as to be acceptable to the city as a permanent building after the exposition closes. The art galleries of the Illinois Club, the Chicago Club, the Marquette Club, the Calumet Club, and especially of the Union League Club, are becoming very valuable. [See Union League Art Association.] The Vincennes Gallery of Fine Arts, 3841 Vincennes avenue (take Illinois Central'train to Oakland station, Thirty-ninth St.), is open at all times, free to visitors. There are many beautiful collections in the private mansions of the South Side. The largest and best private collection in the city at present is that contained in the gallery of Mr. Charles T. Yerkes, 3201 Michigan avenue. The more important of his pictures were purchased by Mr. Yerkes in 1890, during a visit to Europe, when he devoted himself to the study and selection of pictures. The pictures are first-class examples of masters of the Dutch school, Rembrandt, Van Dyck, Rubens, Jan Steen, Van Ostade, Gerard Dow, Ruysdael, and Wonwerman being represented. From the last century there is a head by Greuze, and from later schools there are important pictures by Millet, Diaz, Daubigny, Detaille, Ziem, Vibert, Alfred Stevens, Willems, Charlemonte, and others. Art Institute of Chicago Art School. Located in the Art Institute building, Michigan avenue and Van Buren street. Incorporated May 24, 1879. Officers: Charles L. Hulchinson, president; Edson Keith, vice- president; Lvinan J. Gage, treasurer; N. H. Carpenter, secretary; W. M. R. French, director. Teachers: W. M. R. French, director; Oliver Dennett Grover, and John H. Vanderpoel, drawing and painting, life and antique; Miss Caroline D. Wade, still life classes; Miss Charlotte F. Dyer, antique and statuary classes; Miss Charlotte F. Dyer, antique; N. fl. Carpenter, per- spective; Lorado Taft, modeling; Louis J. Millet, architecture and designing; Charles L. Boutwood, evening classes. The arrangement of classes are as follows: COSTUMED LIFE CLASS. Drawingand painting from the costumed model, daily, 9 to 12 A. M., 1 to 4 p. M. NUDE LIFE CLASS. Drawingand painting from the nude, daily: Women, 8:30 to 12 A. M. ; Men, 1 to 4 P. M. PAINTING FROM STILL LIFE. Oil and water color, daily, 1 to 4 p. M. CLASSES IN THE ANTIQUE. Drawing from the cast, elementary and advanced, daily , j^to 12 A. M., 1 tQ 4, P. M. G CO n ort) < 3 H O a; THE ENCYCLOPEDIA. 143 surplus and profits were $12,424,164 as against $10,343,119 for 1890; deposits were $117, 792,594 as agninst $94,471,271 for 1890, and loans and discounts were $89, 292, 728 as against $72,392,018 for 1890. The capital of the State banks doing business in Chicago, according to last reports furnished the State Auditor, was $12,227.000, their surplus $3,869,000 and their undivided profits $1,869,288. [See Bank Clearings, Bank Clearance Comparative, etc.] American Excliange National Bank. Organized in May, 1886, with D. W. Irwin, president; D. B. Dewey, vice-president; D. K. Pearsons, second vice-president, and A. L. Dewar, cashier. Present officers: John B. Kirk, president; Wm. C. Seipp, vice-president; G. F.Bissell, second viee-presidant; A. L. Dewar, cashier; R. M. Orr, assistant cashier; Arthur Tower, 2d assis- tant cashier. December 31, 1890, it showed capital stock, paid in, $1,000,000; surplus fund and -undivided profits, $297,989; deposits, $3,417,095.76, total liabilities, $4,715,085.55; loans and discounts, $3,049,131.48; overdrafts, $3,386.11; deposit with U. S. treasurer, 2,250; U. S. bonds to secure cir- culation, $50,QOO; premiums paid, $9,500; other bonds, $33,600; real estate, furniture and fixtures, $10,000; due from banks and bankers, $445,951.07; exchanges for clearing house, $319.470.24; currency, $216,796.65; gold coin, $575,000 $1,557,217.96; total resources, $4,715,085.55. Location, 185 Dear- born street. Atlas National Bank. Officers: President, W. C. D. Grannis; vice-presi- dent, C. B. Parwell; cashier, S. W. Stone; assistant cashier, W. S. Tillotson. Directors: Uri Balcom, R. C. Clowry, C. B. Farwell, R. J. Bennett, Joseph Austrian, W. C. D. Grannis, J. C. McMullin, A. A. Hunger, Wm. M. Van Nortwick, C. P. Libby, J. T. Chumasero. Chemical National Bank. Successor to the Chemical Trust and Savings bank, founded in May, 1880. Occupies its own building, 85 Dearborn st. Capital, $1,000,000. Officers: J. O. Curry, president; E. C. Veasey, vice- president; A. T. Ewing, second vice-president; G. E. Hopkins, assistant cishier. Directors: W. M. Hoyt(W. M. Hoyt&.Co., Wholsale Grocers); D. C. Newton (banker, Batavia, 111.); Robert Vierling, President (Vierling, McDowell & Co., Iron Founders); E. C. Veasey (vice-president); Charles H. Slack (Grocer); M. A. Mead (M. A. Mead & Co. Wholesale Jewelers); A. T. Ewing (second vice-president); S. E. Gross (Real Estate); Otis Jones (Director, Macon Dublin & Savannah Ry. Co.); S- W. Lamson (Lamson Bros., Grain Commission); H. J. Straight (K. J. Straight & Co., Fire Insurance); E. J. Edwards (President, Hicks Stock Car Co.); F. E. Spooner (Chicago Union Lime Works); O. W. Norton (President, Norton Brothers, Manufacturers Tin Plate, Japan Ware); J. O. Curry (President). It will be seen that the directors are representative business men. The Chemical National, though one of the most recently organised, ranks among the most prominent of the city. Chicago National Bank. Officers: President, John R. Walsh; vice- president, H. H. Nash; cashier, William Cox; assistant cashier, F.'M. Blount. Directors: A. McNally, Adolph Loeb, H. H. Nash, C. K. G. Billings, F. Madlener, Ferd. W. Peck, J. R. Walsh. Capital, $500,000; surplus and profits, $566,810; loans and discounts, $4,277,125; cash and treasury credits, $1,715,793; individual deposits, $5,998,610; due banks, $861,870; due from banks and agents, $1,396,429; checks for clearing house, $262,306; U. S. 144 GUIDE TO CHICAGO. bonds, $50,000; other stocks and bonds, $270,636; total deposits, $6,860,480; circulation, $45,000. The Chicago National Bank is recognized as one of the leading financial institutions of the city. Columbia National Bank. Open for business Feb. 16, 1891. Paid in capital, $9,000,000. Officers: L. Everingham, president; W. G. Bently, vice-president; Zimri Dwiggins, cashier; J. T. Greene, assistant cashier. Directors, Malcolm McNeil, E. S. Conway, H. D. Kohn, C. W. Needham, Peter Kuntz, J. D. Allen, L. Everingham, W. G. Bently, Z. Dwiggins, and ' J. M. Starbuck. Resources Discounts and time loans, $1,192,399.88; United States bonds, $50,000; redemption fund, $2,250; furniture and fixtures, $10,952.85; current expenses, $31,607.76; due from banks and bankers, $362,- 641.90; cash and cashitems, $228,291.29; demand loans, $420,460.23 ($1,011,- 393.42); total, $2,298,603.91. Liabilities Capital stock paid in, $1,000,000; surplus and undivided profits, $77,416.90; circulation, "$45,000; deposits, $1,176,187.01; total, $2,298,603.91. The Columbian National transacts a general banking business. A separate suite of rooms with clerical force, teller, etc., and every facility for banking are provided especially for ladies. The motto of the bank is, safety, courtesy, promptness, liberality. Location of banking-house, Insurance Exchange Building, corner LaSalle and Quincy streets. Commercial National Bank. Organized December, 1864. The present officers are Henry F. Eames, president ; O. W. Potter, vice-ptesident ; F. S. Eames, 3d vice-president ; John B. Meyer, cashier ; D. Vernon, assistant cashier. Resources. Loans and discounts, $6,980,972.79 ; overdrafts, $3,384.04; United States bonds to secure circulation, $50,000.; other stocks, bonds and mortgages, $260, 804.37 ; due from other National banks $891,811.04; due from State banki and bankers, $247.49 ; total $892,058-53. Real estate, $31,- 750.90; taxes paid, $15,359.89; Checks and other cash items, $3,088; exchanges for clearing-house, $327,468.93; bills of other banks, $71,005; fractional currency, nickels, and pennies, $927,70 ; specie, $1,597, 994.60; legal tender notes, $380;000.; $2,380,484.23; redemption fund with United States treasurer (5 per cent of circulation), $2,250.; total, $10,617,- 064.75. Liabilities. Capital stock paid in, $1,000,000; surplus fund, $1,000,000; undivided profits, $103,997.19 ; National Bank notes outstand- ing $45,000 ; individual deposits subject to check, $3,598,196.05 ; demand certificates of deposit, $216,490.77; certified checks, $63,682.12; cashier's checks outstanding, $176,416.76 ; due to other National Banks, $1,"793,984.68 ; due to State banks and bankers, $2,619,297.18; total $8,468,067.56; grand total, $10,617,064.75. Directors. Henry F. Eames, S. W. Rawson, William J. Chalmers, N. K. Fairbank, O. W. Potter, Jesse Spalding, Henry W. King, Franklin MacVeagh, Norman Williams. Location of banking house, Southeast corner of Dearborn and Monroe streets. Continental National Bank. Organized March 5, 1883. Present officers Directors: John C. Black, John R. Winterbotham, Calvin T. Wheeler, Richard T. Crane, Henry C. Durand, William, G. Hibbard, Henry Botsford, James H. Dole, George H. Wheeler, J. Ogden Armour, Isaac N. Perry ; President, John C. Black ; 2nd vice-president, Isaac N. Perry; cashier, Douglass Hoyt ; assistant cashier, Ira P. Bowen. Banking house, La Salle and Adams street. Semi-annual dividends of 3 per cent, are paid January [Engraved for The Standard Guide Company.] THE INTER-OCEAN BUILDING, MADISON AND DEARBORN STS. [See " Newspapers."] THE ENCYCLOPEDIA. 145 first and July first. Report of condition at the close of business December 2d, 1891. Resources: Loans and discounts, $6,896J}37.20 ; overdrafts, $21, 988.78 ; United States bonds for circulation, $5tyOOO ; other bonds oa hand, $2,600; real estate, furniture and fixtures, $39,605.37; premiums paid, $7,000; cash, $1,496,580.05; due from banks, $1,703,072; checks for clearings, $1,075,988.73 ; due from United States treasurer, $2,250 ; total, $11,295,622.13. Liabilities. Capital stock paid in, $2,000,000 ; sur- plus fund, $250,000 ; undivided profits, $219,014,20 ; bank notes out- standing, $23,600; individual deposits, $4,429,013.15; due banks, $4,373,- 994.78 ; total, $11,295,622.13. Location of banking house, southwest corner of La Salle and Adams streets. M. Calvin T. Wheeler, one of Chicago's foremost business men and financiers, was the organizer of this bank and its first president. He was succeeded in 1887 by Mr. Black, who has been con- nected with the bank since its organization. He was its first cashier, and was actively instrumental in perfecting the system inaugurated for the tran- saction of the business of the bank with the greatest convenience to its cus- tomers. Drover's National Bank. Organized 1883 : Present officers S. Brintnall, president ; John Brown, vice-pi esident ; W. H. Brintnall, cashier ; Edward Tilden, assistant cashier. Resources : Loans and discounts, $807,088.97 ; overdrafts, $12.25 ; United States bonds, $50,000 ; banking house, $12,- 500; premiums, $8.500; due from banks, $696,643.14; cash, $121,319.- 13; total, $817,962.27; grand total, $1,696,063.49. Liabilities: Capital stock, $250,000 ; surplus, $50,000 ; undivided profits, $36,748.45 : cir- culation, $45.000 ; deposits, $1,314,315.04 ; total, $1,696,063.49. Directors Percy W. Palmer, Charles L. Shattuck, Watson 8. Hinkly, John Brown, James P. Sherlock, J. E. Greer, W. H. Brintnall, Solva Brintnall. Location of banking house, 4207 South Halsted street, Union Stockyards. First National Bank. Organized, Nov. 1863. Present officers : Lyman J. Gage, president ; Henry R. Symonds, vice-president ; James B. Forgant, 2d. vice-present ; Richard J. Street, cashier ; Holmes Hoge, assistant cashier. Statement of condition January, 1892. Assets : Loan and dis- counts, $16,475,614.91 ; bank building and other real estate, $650,000 , United States bonds, (par value), $55,150 ; other bonds, $847,450. Cash resources: Due from banks, (Eastern exch.), $4,396,430.99; checks for clearing house, $1,659,783.10; cash on hand, $8,410,499.87; due from U. S. treasurer, $26,250 ; total ; $14,492,963.96 ; grand total, $32,521,178.87. Liabilities: Capital stock paid in, $3,000,000; surplus fund, $2,000,000; other undivided profits, $1,023,059.31 ; dividend, 90,000 ; Deposits, $26,- 408,119.56; total, $32,521,178.87. Directors: Sarnl. M. Nickcrson, E. F. Lawrence, S. W. Allerton, F. D. Gray, Norman B. Ream, Nelson Morris, James B. Forgan, L. J. Gage, Eugene S. Pike, A. A. Carpenter, H. R. Symonds. Location of banking house, northwest corner of Dearborn and Monroe streets, First National Bank building. At the date of incorporation, the First National Bank had a capital of $100,000. Its officers were President, E. Aiken; cashier, E. E. Braisted. It then stood number 8 in the order of National Banks. The capital of the bank was soon increased to $1,000,000. In 1867 President Aiken died, and was succeeded by Samuel M. Nickerson, who has held the office ever since. In 1868 Lyman J. Gage was appointed cashier. The fire of 1871 destroyed 146 GUIDE TO CHICAGO. the bank's building, which stood at the southwest corner of State and Wash- ington sts. This building was at once rebuilt, and was occupied until the bank moved into its present magnificent structure, which was erected espe- cially for its accommodation, and with aviewto the convenient transaction of its immense business [See "First National Bank Building " andillustration.] During the panic of 1873 the bank passed through the ordeal in excellent shape, coming out of it with the renewed and strengthened confidence of the public in the stability of its resources, and the wisdom and integrity of its management. The fact is often referred to even in these days, that Mr. Gage's courageous and judicious executive ability in 1873 not only averted a calamity for his own bank, but had the effect of stimulating the nerve of others in Chicago, and of inspiring the public with faith in the ability of all to meet their obligations if they were not harassed or hampered. The charter of the First National Bank expired in 1882; it went into liquidation, paying off its stockholders and giving each one of them $294 for every SjslOO paid in. This was in addition to dividends upon the capital from time to time, which averaged through its entire history 10 per cent, per annum. On the expiration of the old charter the new First National Bank, No. 2670, was organized, and succeeded to the business of the old bank. Its paid-up capi- tal was fixed at $3,000,000; Mr. Gage was made vice-president, aud Mr. Symonds, cashier. The First National Bank is not only the greatest finan- cial institution in Chicago, but one of tbe greatest in the country. The showing of earnings and surplus which it made at the close of last year's business attracted universal attention. First National Bank of Enylewood: Located at Englewood, Chicago. Officers. J. li. Enibre, president ; E. L. Roberts, vice-president ; F. B. War- ren. Directors : J. It. Einbre, J. K. ISichols, H. B. Murphy, D. E. Prentice, B. H. Knights, C. H. Caldwell, W. H. Sharp, J. M. Johnson. Fort Dearborn, Xnlimuil Bunk . Organized, May 1, 1887. Present officers : John A. King, president ; \V . L. Barnum, vice-president ; Peter Dudley, cash- ier ; Chas. H. McGrath, assistant cashier. Capital, $500,000. Surplus at close of 1892, $25.000. Undivided profits, $19,218,590. The Fort Dearborn National bank is an institution of the highest standing, its directors being men of large financial resources. Directors : W. L. Barnum ; J. W. Pluinmer, John J. McGrath, William J. Wilson, D. K. Hill, E. Mandel, Thomas Kane, George Keller, Arthur D. Rich, A. Plamondon and John A. King. Location of banking house, 187-189 Dearborn street. Globe Ni.ttiimnl Bank. Commenced business December 22, 1890, capital. $1,000,000, surplus, $45,000. Present officers Oscar D. Wetherell, presi- dent; Melville E. Stone, vice-president; D. A. Moullon, cashier; C. C. Swin- borue, assistant cashier. The directors, comprising well-known business men and capitalists, are as follows Melville E. Stone, late editor Chicago Dai?u AV/r.vy Gust.ivus F. Swift, president Swift & Co. packers; William II. Harper, manager Chicago ik Pacific Elevator Company; Robert L. Henry, president Keystone Palace Horse-Car Company; Morris Rosenbaum, com- mission merchant; Everett W. Brooks', lumber manufacturer; James L. High, attorney- at-law; Amos Gran nis, contractor; Oscar D. Wetherell. Lo- cation of banking house, northwest corner of J:>ckson and La Sails streets, opposite Board of Trade. Hide and Leather National Bank. Organized in 1872, received its charter as a National bank in 1878. Present officers: Charles F. Grey, president; H. THE ENCYCLOPEDIA. 147 A. White, vice-president; D. L. Forest, cashier; Thos. L. Forrest, assistant cashier. Capital, $300,000; resources, $2,171,827.96; surplus fund, $95,000; undivided profits, $43,702.12. The individual deposits amount to $1,317,- 568.67. Directors, George C. Beuton, William L. Gray, C. H. Morse, Hugh A. White, J. V. Taylor, "George M. Lyoii, P. P. Muthews, Charles F. Grey, O. F. Fuller. "Location of banking house, La Salle and Madison sts Home National Bank. Officers: President, A. M. Billings; vice-presi- dent, J. C. McMullen; secretary, H. H. Blake. Directors: A. M." Billings, William A. Talcott, C. K. G. Billings, J. C. McMullen, David Bradley. Lincoln National Bank. Organized March, 1887.. Present officers V. C. Price, president; E. S. Noyes, cashier; J. R. Clarke, assistant cashier. Resources, loans and discounts, $592,132.42; overdrafts, $710.68; U. S. bonds to secure circulation, $50,000; other stock, bonds and mortgages, $500; due from other national banks, $140,736,35; due from state banks aud bankers, $33 836.09; real estate, furniture aud fixtures; $4,731.50; current expenses and taxes paid, $2,957.87; premiums paid, $8,000; checks and other cash items, $881.11; exchanges for clearing house, $51,822.26; bills of other banks, $5,692; fractional paper currency, nickels and pennies, $43.44; specie, $82,258.15; legal tender notes, $80,000; redemption fund with U. S. treasurer (ft per cent, of circulation), $2,250; cash means, $387,518.40; total, $1,046,557.87. Liabil- ities Capitalstockpaidin, $200,000; surplus fund, $10,000; undivided profits, $17,108.92; national bank notes outstanding, $45,000; individual deposits, sub- ject to check, $635,225.53; demand certificates of deposit, $24,869.99; certified checks, $2,640.58; cashier's cheeks outstanding, $285.96; due to other national banks, $107,917.18; due to state banks and bankers, $3,509.71; total deposits, $774,448.95; total, $1,046,557.87. Merchants' National Bank. Organized December, 1863 ; capital, $500,- 000. Preeent officers : Chaimcey J. Blair, president ; Frederick W. Crosby, vice-president ; Henry A. Blair, second vice-president ; John C. Neely, cashier ; directors, C. J. Blair, William Blair, H. A. Blair, W. F. Blair, M. A. Rverson, F. W. Crosby. Statement. Resources: Loans and discounts, $6,828,123.15 ; overdrafts, $102.13; United States bonds at par, $50,000; other bonds at par, $283,700; banking house and safe deposit vaults, $125,000; due from banks and United States Treasurer, $1,585,440.62; coin and currency, $3,795, 797.60; total, $12,668,163.50. Liabilities: Capital, $500,000; surplus, $1,500,000; undivided profits. $253 483.10; dividends unpaid, $260; deposits, $10,414,420.40; total, $12,668,163.50. Location of banking house, 80 and 82 La Salle street. Metropolitan National Bank. Organized May 12, 1884. Present officers: E. G. Keith, president; J. L. Woodward, vice president; W. D. Preston, cashier; H. II. Hitchcock, assistant cashier. Resources: Loans and discounts, $8,899,544.10; overdrafts, $4.893.15, bonds, $167,900; due from banks and bankers, $1,620,995.26; cash and checks for clearings, $2,667,229 37. Total, $4,456,124.63. Grand total, $13,360,561.88. Liabilities: Capital stock paid in, $2,000,000; surplus and undivided profits, $1,111,372.90; national bank notes outstanding, $45,000; deposits, $10,204,188.98. Total, $13,- 360.561.88. Directors: William Deering, A. C. Bartlett, Edson Keith, James L. Woodard, W. J. Watson, E, Frankenthal, G. B. Shaw, E. T. Jeffery, E. G. Keith, W. D. Preston. Location of banking house, La Salle and Madison streets. 148 GUIDE TO CHICAGO. National Bank of America. Organized January 1, 1883. Present officers: Isaac G. Lombard, president ; Morton B. Hull, vice-president; Edward B. Lathrop, cashier; Charles A. Tinkham, assistant cashier. Resources: Dis- counts and demand loaus, $3,334,154.90; overdrafts, 2,956.27; U. S. 4 per cent, bonds, to secure circulation, $50,000; other bonds, $50,000; due from other national banks, $525,227.29; due from banks and bankers, $67,- 370.89; $592,598.18; cash exchanges for clearing house, $231,590.85; cur- rency and specie, $1,073,586.57; $1,305,177.42; due from treasurer U. S. 5 per cent fund, $2,250; due from treasurer U. S. (other than 5 per cent, fund), $10,000; $5,347,136.77. Liabilities: Capital stock, $1,000,000; surplus fund, $250,000; undivided profits, $59,217.29; circulating notes, $44,iOO; dividends unpaid, $86.00; deposits, $3,993.431.48; $5,347,136.77. The directors are: William Ruger, Morton B. Hull, William Dickinson, Charles M. Henderson, Cyrus H. Adams, John H. Witbeck, Clarence Buck- ingham, Isaac G. Lombard, Edward B. Lathrop. Location of banking house La Salle and Washington streets. National Bank of Illinois. Organized December, 1871. Present officers: George Schneider, president; William H. Bradley, vice-president; W. A. Hammond, cashier; Carl Moll, assistant cashier; Henry D. Field, 2d assist- ant cashier. Resources: Loans and discounts, $7,736,475.44; U. S. bonds to secure circulation (4s at par), $50,000; other bonds and stocks, at par, $198,760; 5 per cent, redemption fund, $2,250; due from national banks, $1,390,733.76; due from banks and bankers, $397,354.99; exchanges for clearing house, $679,492.84; cash on hand, $2,043,899.73; $4,511,481.32; $12,498,966.76. Liabilities: Capital stcck paid in, $1,000,000; surplus, $900,000; undivided profits, $14,487.34; national bank notes outstanding, $45,000; dividends unpaid, $442.50; deposits individual, $7,135,158.03; deposits banks, $3,303,878.89; total, $10,439,036.92; grand tota], $12,498,- 966.76. . Directors, S. B. Cobb, Walter L. Peck, William R Page, George E. Adams, Charles R. Corwith, C. H. Bradley, Frederick Mahla, R. E. Jenkins, Albert A. Hunger, William A. Hammond, George Schneider. Location of banking house 111, 113, 115, and 117 Dearborn street. National Live Stock Sank. Present officers Levi B. Doud, president; George T. Williams, vice-president; Roswell Z. Herrick, cashier. Resources Loans and discounts, $2,537,360.36; overdrafts, $7,355.30; U. S. bonds to secure circulation, $50,000; other stocks, bonds and mortgages, $49,875; Due from other National banks, $1,658,866.19; Due from Stale banks and bankers, $197,324.92 $1,856,191.11; Real Estate, furniture and fixtures, $3,326.47; current expenses and taxes paid, $83.70; premiums paid, $8,000 ; exchanges for clearing-house, $64,019.92; bills of other banks, $11,965; frac- tional paper currency," nickels and pennies, $765.97; specie, $200, 397. 50; legal - tender notes, $199,600; U. S. certificates of deposit for legal tenders, 1100,000 $576,739.39; redemption fund with U. S. Treasurer (5 per cent, of circula- tion), $2,250; total, $5,091,181.33. Liabilities Capital stock paid in, $750,- 000; surplus fund, $300,000; undivided profits, $176,742.13; National bank notes outstanding, $32,000; dividends unpaid, $1,088; individual deposits subject to check, 1,836,071.02; demand certificates of deposit, $332,984.91; lime certificates of deposit, $25.00; due to other National banks, $1,363,500.- 47; due to State banks and bankers, 298,769.80 $3,831,351.20; total, $5,091,- 181.33. Directors John B. Sherman, Irus Coy, George T. Williams. Levi B. Doud, Roswell Z. Herrick, Samuel Cozzens, Daniel G. Brown. At the i E THE ENCYCLOPEDIA. 149 last annual meeting of directors the sum of $100,000 was carried to the sur- plus fund, now $300,000, while the individual profits reached $37,000. The dividends have been 2 per cent, quarterly. At the last meeting of directors, held December 29, 1891, $100,000 was carried from profit and loss to surplus account, making $400,000 now (spiing of '92) in surplus. Location of bank- ng house, Main Stock Yards. National Bank of the Republic. Organized August, 1891 ; location of banking house, Mailers Building, La Salle st. (After May 1, 1892). Capital stock $1,000,000. President, John A. Lynch ; vice-president, A. M. Roths- child (cashier), W. T. Fenton. Directors, E. B. Strong (of the late firm of Foss, Strong & Co.); A. M. Rothschild (of E. Rothschild & Bros., manufact- urers and wholesale clothiers); Alexander Mackay (general freight agent Michigan Central R. R.); J. B. Mailers (capitalist); Henry Kerber, of Henry Kerber & Son (wholesale stone dealers); J. B. Greenhut (president Distilling & Cattle Feeding Co.); Samuel Woolner (capitalist); W. H. McDoel (general manager L., N. A. & C. R. R.); John A. Lynch of Thos. Lynch & Sons (capitalists), and W. T. Fenton. Comparative statement of deposits September 25th, $942,666; December 2d, $1,127,826.61 ; December 31st, $1,206.296.25; January 18th, 1892, $1,307,112.06. Though one of the youngest, this is looked upon as being one of the strongest banks in the city. Northwestern National Bank. Organized August, 1864. Present officers -^E. Buckingham, president; W. F. Dummer, vice-president; F. W. Gookin, cashier; F. W. Griffin, assistant cashier. Resources Loans and discounts, $3,344,595.94; overdrafts, $2,384.60; U. S. bonds to secure circulation (4 per cents), $200,000; U. S. bonds to secure deposits (4 per cents), $300,000; other stock, bonds and mortgages, $93,091.96; due from other National banks, $492,510.54; due from State banks and bankers, $34,315.13 $526,825.67; checks and other cash items, $358.06; exchangesfor clearing-house, $290,838,- 02; bills of o'her banks, $9,790; fractional paper currency, nickels, and pen- nies, $307.57; specie, $639,772.41; legal-tender notes, $307,017 $1,248,083.06; redemption fund with U. S. Treasurer (5 per cent, of circulation), $9,000; total, $5,723,981.23. Liabilities Capital stock paid in, $1,000,000; surplus fund, $500,000; undivided profits, $100,606.32; National bank notes outstand- ing, $115,045; individual deposits subject to check, $1,684,572.36; demand certificates of deposit, $43,628.40; certified checks, $45.417.78; cashier's checks outstanding. $50,190; United States deposits, $282,499.22; deposits of U. S. disbursing officers, $14,238.72; due to other National banks, $938,105.- 30; due to State banks and bankers, $949,678.13 $4,008,329.91; total, $5,723,- 981.23. Directors Ebenezer Buckingham, Edward E. Ayer, William F. Dummer, Marshall M. Kirkman and Franklin H. Head. Location of banking house, La Salle and Adams Streets. Oakland National Bank. Officers: President, Horace B. Taylor; vice- president, Arthur W. Allyn; cashier, J. J. Knight. Directors: John R. Walsh, Horace B Taylor, D. Harry Hammer, J. J. Knight, Arthur W. Allyn, William A. Hammond, D. H. Kochersperger. Prairie State National Bank. Officers: President, James W. Scoville; vice-president, George Woodland; cashier, George Van Zandt. Directors B. F. Homer, William Hafner, H. J. Evans, George Woodland, M. C. Bul- lock, George Van Zandt, Jamei W. Scoville. 150 GUIDE TO CHICAGO. Union National Bank. Organized December, 1863. Present officers John J. P. Odell, president; David Kelley, vice president; August Blum, cashier; W. O. Hipwell, assistant cashier. Resources Loans and discounts, $6,210,437.71; United States bonds to secure circulation, par value, $50,- 000; other stocks, bonds and mortgages, $831,225.09; furniture, fix- tures and real estate, $11,500; due from banks, $1,579.525 94; exchanges for clearing house $733,760.21; cash, $1,931,548.60 $4,244, 834.75; due from United States treasurer, $10,250; total $11,358,247.55. Liabilities: Capital stock, paid in, $2,000,000; surplus, fund, $700,000; undivided profits, $80,- 640 79; reserved for taxes, $37,662.74; national bank notes outstanding, $44,100; deposits, individual, $4,055,088.38; deposits, banks, *4, 440,755. 64; $8,495,844.02; Total, $11,358,247.55. The directors are C. R. Cummiogs, J. H. Barker, H. N. May, David Kelley, O. C. Barber, S. K. Martin, S. B. Barker, D. B. Dewey, J. J. P. Odell. The Union National has been especially favored in having had for its presidents some of Chicago's ablest and most experienced financiers, and to this is mostly due the bank's prompt rush to the front line of the city banks and its maintenance of that position for so many years. The first president was William F. Coolbaugh, -who at his death, which occurred in November, 1877, was succeeded by Calvin T. "Wheeler. On the expiration of its original charter December 30, 1884, the Union National Bank was re-organized, and under its new charter, W. C. D. Grannis was chosen president, and J. J. P. Odell, vice-president. Mr. C. R. Cummings was made president in 1886, but took no active part in the management of the bank. Upon his retirement Mr. J. J. P. Odell became president, and has continued in that position up to the present date. Mr. Odell has been identified with the banking business of Chicago since 1865, and for twenty-four years has been connected with the Union National, hav- ing entered its service in 1866, as bookkeeper, and in the interval filled almost every intermediate position of responsibility in the bank. In amount of deposits the place of the Union National at the present time is in the second group averaging $9,750,000. Location of banking house, north- east corner of La Salleand Adams streets, Home Insurance building. BANKING INSTITUTIONS STATE AND PRIVATE. Adolph Loeb & Bro., Bankers. Established over thirty-three years ago, since which time the house has been doing an extensive mortgage loan, real estateand general banking business. The house was founded by Adolph Loeb, and shortly afterward he associated with himself his brother "William. Two years ago Julius Loeb and Edward G. Pauling were admitted into the firm. Loeb & Bro. are bankers of large capital and the very highest standing in Chicago commercial circles. Avenue Savings Bank. Location Thirty-first street and Michigan avenue. This institution is owned by George L. Magill, its president, and Louis Krame, its cashier. It pays interest to savings depositors. American Trust and Savings Bank. Organized under the laws of the State of Illinois, 1889; capital, $1,000,000; surplus, $150,000. Present officers G. B. Shaw, president Franklin H. Head, vice-president; J. R. Chapman, cashier; W. L. Moyer, assistant cashier. Directors: William J. Watson, T. W. Harvey, Adolph Kraiis, Franklin H. Head, S. A. Maxwell, J. H. Pearson, C. T. Trego, Ferd W. Peck, William Deeriug, G. B. Shaw, THE ENCYCLOPEDIA. 151 V. A. Watkins, E. L. Lobdell, C. T. Nash, Joy Morton, George E. Wood, William Kent, S. A. Kent. Location of banking house, Owings building, Dearborn and Adams streets. Bank of Commerce. Incorporated March 9, 1891, aa successor to the private banking house of Felsenthal, Gross & Miller ; capital stock paid up, $500,000. Location, 108 La Salle street. The business 'of the private bank had increased so that the firm feit it incumbent on them to join the clearing house, and consequently increased their capital to the required amount, $500,000. The officers of the State Bank of Illinois are among the most sub- stantial and reputable citizens of Chicago. Herman Felsenthal, president; Jacob Gross, vice-president ; Fred Miller, cashier. Directors : Adam Miller, Jacob Gross, Herman Felsenthal, Adolph Loeb, S. M. Fischer, Jacob Birk, K. G. Schmidt. L. Loewenstein, Samuel Woolner, Charles F. Miller, Eli B. Telsenthal, Morris Beifeld, Jacob Spielmann. Bank of Montreal. William Monroe, manager; E. M. Shadbolt, assistant cashier. Cahn and Strauss, Bunkers. Do a general commercial business, making specialties of government bonds, local securities and foreign exchange. Location of banking house, 128 La Salle street. Central Trust and Savings .Ban*. Present location Washington st. and Fifth avenue. Cost Capital, $200,000. In banking department receives deposits subject to check. In savings department receives deposits of $1.00 and upward, 4 percent per annum. 'Officers : William A. Paulten, 1st vice- president ; F. P. Burgett, 2d vice-president; Charles Sparre, cashier. Directors . Wm. A. Paulsen, late of Paulsen & Sparre, Bankers ; Chas. Sparre, late of Paulsen & Sparre, Bankers ; E. Jennings, Pres. of E. Jennings Co. ; Frank A. Smith, Manufacturer ; W. A. Mason, of Jas. H. Walker & Co., Dry Goods; W. M. R. Vose, Real Estate and Loans ; Jas. Frake, Attor- ney ; James H. Channon, of H. Channon Co., Ship Chandlers ; Win. Hill, Mortgage Loans; J. W. Byers. Com. Merchant, Stock Yards; Gorham B. Coffin, of Coffin Devoe & Co., Paints. [The building at present occupied by this bank is to be torn down Future location unknown ^ this writing.] diaries Henrotin, Banker and Broker. One of the founders of the Chi- cago Stock Exchange, and one of the heaviest brokers in local and outside stocks in Chicago. A promoter of some of the largest enterprises of the times. Location of banking house, 169 Dearborn street. Chicago Trust and Savings Bank. Under the supervision of the State of Illinois, organized May, 1885; capital paid in, $400,000 Present officers D. H. Tolman, president; P. E. Jennison, cashier. Location of banking house, northeast corner of Washington and Clark sts. [N. B. This banking house has been the subject of a vast amount of most unfavorable criticism. Its president, D. H. Tolman, has been frequently charged with, and sued in the courts for, alleged unfairness in business and sharp practice in dealing with his clients.] Corn Exchange Sink. Organized 1872. re-organized 1879; capital, $1,000000; surplus, $1.000,000. Present officers Charles L. Hutchinson, president; Ernest A. Hamill, vice-president; Frank W. Smith, cashier. Directors Charles L. Hutchinson, Byron L. Smith, Charles Counsolman, Sidney A. lOnt. John H. Dwight, Edwin G. Foreman, Ernest A. Hamill, Charles H. VVacker, B. M. Frees, Charles H. Schwab. Edward B Butler. 152 GUIDE TO CHICAGO. The Corn Exchange is one of the great banking houses of the city, and for over eighteen years has ranked among the leading financial institutions of the West. Location of banking house, Rookery building, Adams and La Salle streets. Dime Savings Bank. Organized under State supervision ; incorporated April, 1869. Present officers Samuel G. Bailey, president, merchant ; W. C. D. Grannis, vice-president, president Atlas National bank ; Eugene Gary, insurance, Rialto building ; C. B. Farwell, merchant and United States Senator; A. R. Barnes, printer, 68 and 70 Wabash avenue; W. M. Van Nort wick, paper manufacturer, Batavia, 111.; L. R. Giddings, mortgages, Chamber of Commerce buildiag; G. P. Swift, packer, Union Stock Yards; Wm. Kelsey Reed, treasurer. This is exclusively a savings bank, and ranks high among Chicago's financial institutions. Location of banking house and safety vaults, 104-106 Washington street. E. S. Dreyer & Co., Bankers. Established over twenty years ago, and one of the leading banking houses of the city. The firm is composed of E. S. Dreyer and Robert Berger. A specialty is made of mortgage loans, though the house does a general banking business. Location, northeast corner of Dearborn and Washington sts. Farmers' Trust Company. Present officers R. Sayer, president; Josiah L. Lombard, vice-president and treasurer. Capital $100,000. Location of banking house, 112 Dearborn street. Foreman Bros., Bankers. Pounded thirty years ago, by the father of the present proprietors of the house, Edwin G. Foreman and Oscar G. Foreman. A banking institution that has maintained a high standing through the ad- verse as well as prosperous times in Chicago history, for over a quarter of a century. Foreman Bros, receive deposits, buy and sell martgages and other investment securities, and make a specialty of loanson real estate. Location of banking house, 128 and 130 Washington St., near Chamber of Commerce, opposite City Hall. Globe Savings Bank. Organized 1890 Capital paid in $200,000. Savings accounts bear interest at 4 per cent, per annum. Four interest days each year January 1^: April 1st, July 1st, October 1st. Deposits on or before the 4th of the month bear interest from the 1st. C. W. Spalding, president; Edward Hayes, vic-president; J. P. Atgeld, second vice-president; W. S. Loomis, assistant cashier. (Greenebaum Sons, Binkers. Founded by EHas Greenebaum thirty-seven years ago. The present firm consists of Elias Greenbaum, H. E. Greenebaum, M. E. Greenebaum and James E. Greenebaum. The house transacts a very large banking business and makes a specialty of loans and real estate. The bank occupies the main floor of 116 and 118 Lasalle street, Mercantile build- ing. Greenebaum Sons' bank has occupied an important place in the growth and development of the city. Thousands of buildings, from the neat resi- dence to the business block, have been erected primarily by funds obtained through this firm. Drafts and letters of credit issued on all European cities. Guarantee Company of North America. Head office, Montreal, Canada. Chicago directors L. J. Gage, vice-president, First National Bank; R. R. Cable, president C., R. I. & P. R. R.; the Hon. J. Russell Jones, ex-president West Side Ry.; C. T. Wheeler, ex-president Continental National Bank; E. Nelson Blake, ex-president Board of Trade. Capital and resources, $1,079 - 574. Office, 175 La Sail* street. THE ENCYCLOPEDIA. 153 Hibernian Banking Association. Organized 1867. One of the most sub- stantial banking houses inthecity; capital, $222,000 ; undivided profits, $293,- 095.81. Present officers J. V. Clarke, president ; Charles F. Clark, vice- president ; Hamilton B. Dox, cashier. Directors J. V. Clarke, Hamilton B. Dox, James R. McKay, Henry B. Clarke, Thomas Lonergan, Charles F. Clark, J. V. Clarke, Jr. , Louis B. Clark. Location of banking house, Clark and Lake streets. Illinois Trust and Savings Bank. Organized under the laws of the State of Illinois, August, 1887. Capital stock paid in, $1,000,000; surplus, $1,000,- 000; additional liabilities of its stockholders, $1,000,000; total amount pledged for the security of depositors, $3,000,000. Present officers John J. Mitchell, president; John B. Drake, vice-president; William H. Mitchell, 3d vice-presi- dent; W. H. Reid, 3d vice-president; James S. Gibbs, cashier; B. M. Chattel, assistant cashier. Directors L. Z. Leiter, William G. Hibbard, John B. Drake, John J. Mitchell, John McCaffery, J. C. McMullin, W. H. Reid, William H. Mitchell, D. B. Shipman. Among the stockholders of the bank are the wealthiest capitalists and merchants of Chicago, including L.Z. Leiter, J. Russell Jones, Marshall Field, Albert Keep, Philip D. Armour, Robert Law, J. C. McMullin. Following is a statement of the bank's resources and liabilities: Resources Bonds and stocks, $1,440,816.50; real estate, $26,291.34; current expenses paid, $25,314.61; cash and exchange, $2,856,178.05; loans on demand, $8,155,679.21; loans on time, $1,943,152.25; loans on real estate, $1,817,193.32; total, $16,264,625.28. Liabilities Capital stock, $1,000,000; surplus fund, $788,916.20; undivided profits, $275,737.58; dividends unpaid, $3,500; time deposits, $7,699,740.73; demand deposits, $6,496,730.77; total, $16,264,625.28. The bank has savings, commercial safety deposit and trust departments. Location of banking house, Rookery building, southeast corner of La Salle and Adams streets. Industrial Bank of Chicago. Location, Blue Island avenue and Twentieth streets. A savings and commercial institution. President, A. L. Chetlain; first vice-president, Louis Hutt; second vice president, B. M. Hair; cashier, John G. Schaar; assistant cashier, J. E. Henriques. Directors : Louis Hutt, A. H. Andrews, W. O. Goodman, B. M. Hair, John G. Schaar, A. L. Chet- lain, John McLaren, H. D. Cable and P. G. Dodge. The idea of establishing this new bank originated with the leading manu- facturers and lumbermen in that district, which is known as the lumber dis- trict, embracing the territory south of the Burlington tracks and as far west as the Belt Line. It is the most important industrial district in Chicago, located three miles southwest from the business center, and has a population of 50,000. The need of a bank there has long been felt by the manufacturers and business men. The annual output of the district, including lumber and the product of the various important manufacturing interests there located, amounts to over $30,000,000, while there is paid in wages to skilled and unskilled labor between $7,000,000 and $9,000,000 a year. The new bank will do a general banking business, will sell foreign and domestic exchange, steamship tickets of all classes to all points in Europe, issue letters of credit and accept savings accounts. General A. L. Chetlain, an old and respected citizen of Chicago, is the president of the new institu- tion; Louis Hutt, the well-known lumberman, is the firstvice-president; B. M. Hair, of Hair & Ridgway, the second vice-president; John G. Schaar, the cashier, and J. E. Henriques, the assistant cashier. Besides General Chetlain, 154 GUIDE TO CHICAGO. Messrs. Hutt and Hair and Cashier Schaar, the directors are: W. O. Good- man, of the Sawyer-Goodman Co.; A. H. Andrews, of A. II. Andrews & Co.; John McLaren, of John Mason, Loomis & Co.; H. D. Cable, president of the Chicago Cottage Organ Company, and P. G. Dodge, of P. G. Dodge & Co. The high character of the men who have the management of the new bank is a sufficient guarantee that its affairs will be administered wisely, and that it will be conducted on business principles. The elegant fire-proof building now being built for this bank will be ready for them about May 1st, and will contain one of the finest safety vaults in the city. International Bank. Organized October 21, 1868, as the International Mutual Trust Company, and was changed to its present name in 1871. The first officers were Prances A. Hoffman, president; Julius Busch, vice-presi- dent; aucl Rudolph Schloesser, cashier. Present officers B. Loewenthal, president; Leo Fox, vice-president; Bernhard Neu, cashier. Mr. Lowenthal, the president, became connected with the bank in 1870. Capital, $500,000; surplus, January 1, 1892, $125,000. Directors John Kranz, Louis Wamboldj, August Bauer, B. New, Ed. Rose, Michael Brand, B. Lowenthal and Leo Fox. Besides doing a general banking business, the International Bank issues cir- cular letters of credits, and draws drafts on' all parts of the world. The stand- ing of the International is first-class. Banking house located at 110 La Salle street. Meadowcroft Bros. , Bankers. Established 1860. Located at the northwest corner of Dearborn and Washington streets. This banking house offers every facility for individuals or merchants who contemplate opening an account or making changes. Aside from the ordinary conveniences of hav- ing banking connections, the depositor can make his selection from different classes of deposit contracts, either certificates bearing interest or special de- posits with interest. Those desiring safe investment for their funds can be supplied with good real estate securities, or have orders for any bonds or stocks executed. The bank is enabled to offer the advantages of European correspondents both in buying and selling. Location of banking house, northwest corner of Dearborn and Washington sts. Merchant's Loan and Trust Company. Organized under the laws of the State of Illinois in 1857. Capital, $2,000,000; surplus, $1,000,000; undivided profits, $613,430. The trustees are Marshall Field, C. H. McCormick, John DeKoven, Albert Keep, John Tyrrell, Lambert Tree, J. W. Doane, P. L. Yoe, George M. Pullman, A. H. Burley, E. T. Watkins, Erskine M. Phelps, Orson Smith. Present officers J. W. Doaue, president; P. L. Yoe, vice- president; Orson Smith, second vice-president; F. C. Osborn, cashier. This is the oldest and one of the greatest banking houses in Chicago. " Long" John Wentworth was one of the original incorporators, and through- out the latter part of his life was active in the banks's interest. The Mer- chants' Loan and Trust Company does the general work of a modern Trust company and that of a bank of discount as well. Milwaukee Avenue State Bank. Location Milwaukee Avenue and Car- penter street. Take Milwaukee avenue cable line. Capital, $250,000. Successor to the banking house of Paul O. Stensland & Co., the leading financial institution of the northwestern section of the city. The former bank had built up a very large business with the tradespeople of Milwaukee THE ENCYCLOPEDIA. 155 avenue 011 the great manufacturing concerns contiguous to that important thoroughfare. For this reason it became necessary to increase its capital stock and facilities, and an organization under the State banking laws WHS effected on September 15, 1891, when the Milwaukee Avenue State Bank was incorporated. The officers of the bank are, president, Paul O. Stensland; vice-president, Andrew C. Lausten; cashier, Charles E. Schlytern; attorney, Donald L. Morill. Directors John P. Hanson, F. H. Herhold, William Johnson, M. A. LaBuy, A. C. Lausten, John McLaren, Thomas G. Morris, John Schermann, John Smulski, Paul O. Stensland and Spren D. Thorson. The stockholders are all representative business and professional men. Among the more prominent are: Franklin S. Anderson, of John Anderson Publishing Co. ; John P. Hansen, cigar manufacturer; F. Herhold & Sons, chair manufacturers; A. J. Johnson & Sons, furniture manufacturers ; William Johnson, Vessel owner; Peter Kiolbassa, city treasurer; Andrew C Lausten, president Northwestern Lead & Oil Co.; Richard Prendergast, attorney; Morris Rosenfeld, capitalist; Jesse Spalding, president Spalding Lumber Co.; Paul O. Stensland, Soren D. Thorson, of Central Manufacturing Co, and John R. Walsh, president Chicago National Bank. The following figures show the condition of the business of the bank in January of the present year. Assets; loans and discounts, $458,869.16; furniture, fixtures and lease, $10,201.50; due from banks, $83,250.29; cash on hand, $56,163.71; total, $608,484.66. Liabilities: capital stock, $250,000; undivided profits, $5,237.03; individual deposits, $216 393.08; savings deposits, $136,853.95; total, $353,24f .63; grand total, $608,484.66. This bank does a general business and in addition has a savings depart- ment. Teachers, clerks, artisans and wage-workers generally, will fiud'this a convenient and safe place for their savings. Deposits received in this department in amojints of one dollar and upwards, and interest allowed at the usual rates. This bank sells exchange and money orders on foreign countries at the lowest market rates. Drafts, payable on demand, drawn on all principal cities in Europe, and remittances made to any address without risk to the purchaser. Foreign money bought and sold. Connected with this bank are the Milvtaukee avenue Safe Deposit Vaults, where private boxes for the safe keeping of documents and other valuables, are rented at $5.00 per year. Entrance through the bank. The high standing and popu- larity of the president of the bank in his capacity of a private citizen, brings to the institution, of which he is the head, the confidence of the public. Mr. Stensland'g time is given almost wholly to the conduct of this institution, and it gives promise of ranking among the great banking houses of the city before very long. Northern Trust Company. Organized under the jurisdiction and super- vision of the State of Illinois, August, 1889. Capital fully paid in $1,000,- 000. Present officers B. L. Smith, president;. Charles L. Hutchinson, vice- presi'dent; Arthur Heurtle}', cashier; Frank L. Hawkey, assistant cashier. Directors A. C. Bartlett, J. Harley Bradley, II. N. Higinbotham, Marvin Hughitt, Charles L. Hutchinson, A. O. Slaughter, Martin A. Ryerson, Albert A. Sprague, B. L. Smith. Location of banking house, Chamber of Commerce building, southeast corner of Washington and La Salle streets. Peabody, Houghteling & Co., 59 Dearborn street, Investment Bankers. Some years before the great fire of 1871 the extensive business done by this firm in mortgage loans upon real estate in Cook county had its origin Mr. 156 GUIDE TO CHICAGO. Benjamin E. Gallup was associated with Mr. Peabody in the business, under the firm name of Gallup & Peabody, until 1875 or 1876. The firm earned a high reputation for ability and conservatism, and enjoyed the confidence of a large list of investors. From and after January, 1876, Mr. Gallup's connec- tion with the business having terminated, the business was conducted under the firm name of Francis B. Peabody & Co. Mr. James L. Houghteling became a partner in the business January 1, 1885, and since the name of the house has been as indicated in the caption of this sketch. Their business has kept pace with the growth of the city, and they are now reputed to do the leading business in mortgage loans in this city. They are known to exercise the greatest care in the valuations of real estate offered for loans, in the examination of title and in ascertaining the character and responsibility of borrowers. By reason of their long expe- rience, fair dealing, promptness and available capital, they are enabled in all conditions of the money market to select the best securities and to deal with the most responsible class of borrowers. They have contributed very largely in making loans upon Chicago property the most popular and desirable of investments. Their clientage, already very extensive, is rapidly growing, and embraces some of the most prominent financial and educational institutions, both in the East and in Chicago. The first mortgages (principal and interest payable in gold) they have constantly in hand are bought largely for the investment of trust funds, where safety and a fair rate of interest can be combined. Peterson & Bay, Bankers. Established 1873. Andrew Peterson and Geo. P. Bay, owners; deal in investment securities, foreign exchange, mortgage loans, make collections and do a general real estate business. Location of banking house Southwest corner La Salleand Randolph sts. Prairie State Savings and Trust Company. Organized February 22, 1861, with a capital of $100,000 ; increased to $200,000 October 8, 1890 ; present officers, Charles B. Scoville, president ; George Van Zandt, vice-president ; George Woodland, cashier. Location of banking house 45 South Des- plaines st. Pullman Loan and Savings Bank. Located at Pullman. Chicago. Officers: George M. Pullman, president: Edward F. Bryant, secretary; directors, Geoige M. Pullman, Marshall Field, Stephen F. Gale, John W. Doane, Geo. F. Brown, C. R. Cummings, John De Koven, G. Vandersyde and James Chase. Statement of condition, January 1, 1892: Resources: Loans and discounts, $509,982.69 ; due from banks and depositories, $192,- 926 26; real estate, furniture and fixtures, $2.827.82; cash, $48,939.74. Total resources, $754,676.51. Liabilities: Capita], $100,000; surplus, $50,000; profit and loss, $7,449.16; dividend unpaid, $3,000; deposits, commercial, $174,- 598.34; deposits, savings, $419.629.01. Total liabilities, $754,676.51. Slaughter, A. 0. & Co. Located at 111-113 La Salle street (Chamber of Commerce building); A. O. Slaughter and William V. Baker, proprietors. Mr. Slaughter has been in business here for over twenty-five years, and is considered the best informed authority on railroad bonds and stocks in the city. Mr. Baker is of the old firm of Baker & Parmele, which started as bankers and brokers in 1886. Mr. Parmele died in May, 1890. The firm of A. O. Slaughter & Co. was established in July, 1890. This house ranks among the most solid and reliable institutions of Chicago. Mr. Slaughter's prominence in social and business circles is indicative of the high estimation CHICAGO AS IT IS. 157 in which he is held on all sides. Mr. Baker takes a foremost position among the skillful bank executives of the city. The management of the finances of many great enterprises and of many great estates has been intrusted to this "firm during recent years. It is considered one of the most, carefully conducted private banking establishments in the country. Scliaffner & Co., Bankers. Established January, 1878. One of the largest and most responsible private banking houses in the country. Herman Schaffner and A. G. Becker, proprietors and managers. Makes a specialty of handling commercial paper and dealing with manufacturing and business firms. Annual business transacted, about $35,000,000. Its business is confined to the securities and paper of this country, but it has extensive foreign deal- ings as well. The firm has few equals in the amount of the actual moneyed transactions made in any of the Eastern cities. The successful handling of the immense amount of paper as shown by a single year's business, is as highly gratifying as it is commendatory of the financial ability and acumen of the members of the firm. Security, Loan and Savings Bank. Organized August, 1886. Capital, $100,000. Present officers E. R. Walker, president; D. Rankin, cashier. Location of banking house, 127 La Kalle Street. State Bank of Chicago. Located at the northeast corner of La Salle and Lake streets (Marine building). Formerly the private banking house of Hau- gan & Lindgren, established originally 1879. New bank established February 10,1891. Cash capital, $500,000. Officers: H. A. Haugan, president; John H. Dwight, vice-president; John R. Lindgren, cashier. Directors: Thomas Murdoch, A. P. Johnson, H. C. Durand, A. Jurgens, J. M. Larimer, Charles L. Hutchinson, Theo. Freeman, John H. Dwight, P. 8. Peterson, H. A. Haugan, John R. Lindgren. The last report of the bank shows the following as its condition Dec. 31, 1891: Loans and discounts, $1,543,957.69; bonds. $12,992.47; furniture and fixtures. $5,800; cash and due from banks, $503,- 589.01; total resources, ($2,066,339.17; liabilities cash capital, $500,000; undivided profits, $50,868.37; deposits, $1,515,470.80; total liabilities. $2,066,- 339.17. Union Trust Company. Organized under the laws of the State of Illinois, April 20, 1870. Present officers S. W. Rawson, president; E. F. Pulsifer, vice-president; G. M. Wilson, cashier; F. L. Wilk, assistant cashier. J. H. Pearson and James Longley , in addition to the above, constitute the Directory. Capital and surplus, $1,000,000. Location of banking house, northeast corner of Madison and Dearborn streets. Western Trust and Savings Bank. Organized under the name of Western Investment Bank, in 1884. Reorganized under its present name, January, 1890. Present officers William Holgate, president; E. Jennings, vice-president; William P. Kimball, second vice-president. Capital, $100,- 000. Location of banking house, Washington street and Fifth ave. CEMETERIES. There are many beautiful burying grounds within the present corporate limits of the city, and in the immediate suburbs. There are no old grave- yards, or church-yards, such as may be seen in the cities and towns of Europe, or in the older cities of this continent, within the business district. The only remains of a cemetery to be seen in the old city is the tomb of the Couch family, which still holds its place in Lincoln Park, a great portion of whiqh 158 GUIDE TO CHICAGO. covers the site of an old graveyard. [See Lincoln Park.] There are no church-yards in existence in any part of the West. The different ceme- teries, together with the means of reaching them, are pointed out below. Anshe Maariv Cemetery. Located at North Clark st. and Belmont ave. Take Evanston Division of Chicago, Milwaukee *fc St. Paul railroad or North Clark st. cable line. Austro- Hungarian Cemetery. Located at Waldheim, 10 miles from the City Hall. Take train at Grand Central depot, via Chicago and Northern Pacific railroad. Train leaves at 12:01 p. m. daily, including Sundays, run ning direct to the new cemetery station, immediately adjoining Waldheim, Forest Home and the Jewish Cemeteries. [See Waldheim Cemetery.] Beth Hamedrash Cemetery. Located at Oakwoods, Sixty-seventh st. and Cottage Grove ave. Take Cottage Grove ave. cable line or Illinois Central train, foot of Randolph or Van Buren st. [See Oakwoods Cemetery.] B'nai Abraham Cemetery. Located one-half mile south of Waldheim, nine and one-half miles from the City Hall. Take train at Grand Central depot, via Chicago and Northern Pacific railroad. Trains leave at 12:01 daily, including Sundays. [See Waldheim Cemetery.] B'nai Shilom Cemetery. Located on North Clark st. and Graceland ave. Take North Clark st. cable line, or Evanston Division of Chicago, Milwau- kee & St. Paul railroad. Calvary Cemetery. Located south of and adjoining the village of South Evanston, ten- miles from the City Hall. Take train at Wells St. depot, via Chicago & North-Western railway, or at Union depot, via Evanston Division of Chicago, Milwaukee & St. Paul railroad. This is the largest and oldest of the Roman Catholic cemeteries. It is situated beautifully,, fronting Sheri- dan road and Lake Michigan. The cemetery is laid out with great taste. There are many costly and handsome tombs and monuments to be seen here. Among the latter is one erected to the memory of Colonel Mulligan, the hero of Lexington. The tombs of the leading Roman Catholic families of Chicago are located here. This burying ground was consecrated in 1861. The inter- ments have exceeded 25,000. Trains leave on both lines for Calvary at brief intervals daily, including Sundays. Cemetery of tJie Congregation of the North Side. Located at Waldheim, ten miles from the City Hail. Take train at Grand Central depot, via Chicago & Northern Pacific railroad. Trains leave at 12:01 daily, including Sundays. Chebra Gemilath Chasadim Ubikar Cholim Cemetery. Located on N. Clark st., south of Graceland Cemetery. Take train on Evanston Division of Chicago, Milwaukee & St. Paul railroad, or N. Clark street cable line. [See Gracelanu Cemetery.] Chebra KadistM Ubikar Cholim Cemetery. Located on N. Clark st., south of Graceland Cemetery. .Take train on Evanston Division of Chicago, Mil- waukee & St. Paul railroad, or N. Clark street cable line. [See Graoeland Cemetery.] Coneordia Cemetery. Located about nine miles west of the City Hall on Madison st. , beside the Desplaines river. [See Forest Home Cemetery.] Forest Home Cemetery. Located about nine miles west of the City Hall on Madison st., beside the Desplaines river. Coneordia Cemetery adjoins THE ENCYCLOPEDIA. 159 this burying ground. Take train at Grand Central depot, via Chicago & Northern Pacific railroad. Its eighty acres comprise a portion of the giound once constituting Haase's park, a noted resort of its day. This cemetery i beautifully situated and laid out with great taste. The interments in Forest Home Cemetery and Concordia Cemetery combined have numbered about 15,000. Free Sons of Israel Cemetery. Located at Waldheim, ten miles from the City Hall. Take train at Grand Central depot, via Chicago & Northern Pacific railroad. [See Waldheim Cemetery.] German Lutheran Cemetery. Located on N. Clark St., se. cor. of Grace- land ave. Take N. Clark street cable line. This cemetery belongs to the St. Paul and Emauuel Luthern Churches. Graceland Cemetery. Located on North Clark street, five miles from the City Hall. Take train at Union depot, via Evanston Division Chicago, Mil- waukee 3TSt. Paul railroad for Buena Park, the beautiful station of which suburb faces the main entrance of the cemetery, or take the North Clark street cable line. Better still, the visitor will enjoy a magnificent carriage*ride by way of the North Side Water Works, Lake Shore Drive, Lincoln Park, through Lake View and some of the most charming of the Northern suburbs, to this cemetery. The Graceland Cemetery Company was organized under a special charter in 1861. William B. Ogden, Edwin H. Sheldon, Thomas B. Bryan, Sidney Sawyer, and George A. Healy being the first incorporators. The charter confers ample powers for the maintenance and preservation of the cemetery. All burial lots are declared exempt from taxation, and from execution and attachment; no street or thoroughfare can be laid out through the cemetery; nor can any part of the grounds be condemned for right of way by any other corporation for any purpose whatever. Under the charter ten per cent, of the gross proceeds of all sales of burial lots are set apart as a sink- ing fund for the perpetual maintenance of the cemetery grounds. This fund is held and managed by trustees elected by the lot holders, and is under their sole control. These trustees are also authorized to take any grant or bequest in trust, and to apply the same in such manner as the donor or testator may prescribe, for the care or embellishment of anj r particular lots. Save for the building of a receiving vault, nothing has been taken from the general sink- ing fund during thirty years; and this fund at the past rate of increase will, within a few years, reach $250,000; which sum the trustees propose to retain as a permanent capital, whereof the income shall be devoted to the purposes of their trust. The trustees of this fund will be recognized as amoni> Chi- cago's most prominent and honored citizens, viz.: William Blair, J. W. McGenniss, Daniel Thompson, E. W. Blatchford, George C. Walker, Hiram Wheeler, Edwin II. Sheldon, Jerome Beecher, A. J. Averill, John De Koven, Henry W. King; Hiram Wheeler, president: Edwin H. Sheldon, vice- president; Jerome Beecher, treasurer; George C. Walker, secretary. The site of Graceland is admirably adapted for a burial ground. It extends for a mile along an elevated and handsome ridge, whose natural beauty has been enhanced by every appliance of taste and -art. The superintendent, O. C. Simonds, is an accomplished landscape gardener and civil engin- eer, and under his direction Graceland will bear comparison with any cemetery in the United States. Stone coping, hedges and side-paths are dispensed with. The entire planting is done under the direction of the superintendent, and each section resembles a beautiful lawn covered with 160 GUIDE 1O CHICAGO. green turf and dotted with shrubs and graceful trees. In this City of the Dead the voices of Nature breathe comfort into the hearts of the sorrowful, and whisper of hope and consolation. The cemetery has become a gardea whose beauty renders less sombre the solemn associations of the tomb. If the mourner sees in the flowers which are laid upon the new-made grave an emblem of the cherished form which is buried from his sight, he also sees in the blossoms which bloom around him the emblem of its resurretion. Hebrew Benevolent Society Cemetery. Located South of Graceland Ceme- tery and may be reached in a similar manner. Moses Montefiore Cemetery. Located at Waldheim, ten miles from the City Hall. [See Waldheim Cemetery.] Mount Greenwood Cemetery. Located one-half mile west of Morgan Park, a suburb, fourteen miles south of the City Hall. Take trains at the Van Buren Street depot, via Chicago, Rock Island & Pacific railway. Mount Hope Cemetery. Projected; to be located at Washington Heights, south of the city. Mount Olive Cemetery. Located at Dunning, nine miles west of the City Hall. Take train at Union depot, via Chicago, Milwaukee & St. Paul rail- road. This is a beautiful cemetery and is the burying-place of Scandinavian families. The secretary and treasurer is Mr. Paul O. Stensland. Mount Olivet Cemetery. Located one-half mile west of the suburb of Morgan Park. Take train at Dearborn station, via Chicago & Grand Trunk railway. Oakwoods Cemetery. Located on Sixty-seventh street and Cottage Grove avenue. Take Illinois Central railroad, foot of Randolph or Van Buren street, or Cottage Grove avenue cable line. This cemetery was laid out in 1864. It includes 200 acres of ground beautifully laid out on the "lawn plan." A charming drive to the cemetery is via Michigan and Grand boule- vards and Washington Park. This, Rosehill and Graceland are the three prominent native Protestant burying grounds of the city. Ohavey Emunah Cemetery. Located at Waldheim, ten miles from the City Hall. Take train at Grand Central depot, via Chicago & Northern Pacific railroad. Trains leave at 12:01 P. M. daily, including Sundays. [See Wald- heim Cemetery.] Ohavey Scholom Cemetery. Located at Oakwoods, Sixty-seventh street and Cottage Grove avenue. Take Cottage Grove Avenue cable line or Illi- nois Ceutraltraiu, foot of Randolph or Van Buren street. [See Oakwoods Cemetery.] Rosehill Cemetery. Located seven miles northeast of the City Hall. Take train at Wells Street depot, via Milwaukee Division of Chicago & North- Western railroad. The Rosehill Cemetery Company was chartered February 11, 1859. This burying ground covers at present about 500 acres, but extensions can be made. Two hundred additional acres have already been platted and improved. It is the most beautiful cemetery in the vicinity of Chicago and contains many handsome and costly tombs and monuments, the most prominent of the latter being the soldiers' monument at the head of the main avenue. Large numbers of those who were once the leading men of the city are interred here, and the inscriptions on the tombs are interesting to the students of Chicago history. The green-houses and conservatories of Rose- hill are very handsome and extensive. The ground slopes down to the rail- THE ENCYCLOPEDIA. 161 road track and forms a beautiful landscape. li is thickly wooded with flne trees, and a large lake adds greatly to its beauty. Thia cemetery may be reached easily by carriages, via Lake Shore drive, Lincoln Park, Graceland and some of the most cheering of the northern suburbs. Among the things which will at once strike the visitor with admiration is the handsome entrance arch. Sinai Congregational Cemetery. Located, at Rosehill. [See Rosehill Cemetery.] St. Boniface Cemetery. Located on N. Clark st., cor. of Lawrence ave. Take North Clark street cable line. This is the German Roman Catholic Cemetery. Waldheim Cemetery. Located ten miles west of the City Hall. Take train at Grand Central depot, via Chicago & Northern Pacific railroad. Funeral train leaves at 12:01 p. M. daily, including Sundays, running direct to the new cemetery station, immediately adjoining Waldheim, Forest Home and the Jewish cemeteries. Here are interred the anarchists executed for connection with the Hay market bomb-throwing. [See Haymarket Massacre.] A number of burying-grounds are located in this vicinity. Zion Congregation, Cemetery. Located at Rosehill. [See Rosshill Cemetery.] CHARITIES. Charity aboundeth in Chicago. It is estimated that the amount volun- tarily subscribed annually for charity, and in support of charitable institutions In Chicago, exceeds $3,000,000. Hospitals, which are supported either by public or private charity, are not included under this heading. Neither are reformatory institutions. The following are the leading charitable works and institutions of the city. Recognized Charities. Following is a list of the recognized or deserving charities of the city, which includes every character of organized work, with addresses: ASYLUMS AND HOMES. American Educational Aid Society. Finda homes for children. Nursery located at 238 Sixty -sixth st. Older children at Aurora, 111., till homes are found. Office, room 41, 232 La Salle st. Chicago Industrial School for Girls. (Catholic.) A home for girls from 4 to 18 years of age. Cor. Indiana ave. and 49lh st. Chicago Nursery and Half- Orphan Asylum. Pay and free. 175 Burling st. and 855 N. Halsted st. Chicago Orphan Asylum. 2228 Michigan ave. Children's Aid Society. Receives suitable homeless and destitute children, and places them in family homes. Also finds homes for mothers with one child. Home on Indiana ave., near 31st st. Office, room 44, 204 Dearborn st. Church Home for Aged Persons. (Episcopal.) Ladies only. Terms, $5.00 per week, or life contract, $300. 4327 Ellis ave. Cook County Insane Asylum. Telephone 4334, Dunning, 111. Cook County Poor House. Telephone 4334, Dunning, 111. Application for admission should be made at the office of the County Agent, 128 S. Clinton st. Danish Lutheran Orphan's Home. Free (unless friends are able to pay). 69 Perry ave., Maplewood. Erring Woman's Refuge. For the reformation of fallen women. Free. Telephone 10162, 5024 Indiana ave. Foundling's Home. Free. 114 S. Wood st. German 162 GUIDE TO CHICAGO. Old People's Home. both sexes. Admission, $300. Harlem, Cook Co. Gurdian Angel Orphan Asylum. (German Catholic.) Havelock P. O., Cook Co. Holy Family Orphan Asylum. (Catholic.) Cor. Holt and Division sts. Home for Crippled Children. 91 Heine st. West North avenue cars to Heine st. Home for the Aged. (Catholic.) (Little Sisters of the Poor.) Both sexes. Free. 29 and 31 E. 25th st. ; W. Harrison, cor. Throop, and Sheffield ave., cor. Fullerton ave. Home fdr Convalescents. Convalescents are boarded out in families at the rate of $5.00 per week. Address Dr. Dela-. field, 4333 Ellis ave. Home for the Friendless. Temporary home for women and children. Homeless and abandoned children are placed in permanent homes. Telephone 8194. 1926 Wabash ave. The Chicago Relief and Aid Society owns certain rights in this institution. Home for Incurables Both sexes. Pay and free. Telephone 10074; Ellis ave., cor. 56th st. Home for Self-supporting Women. All the inmates are required to pay. Tele- phone 3710. 275 Indiana st. Home for Unemployed Girls. (Catholic.) House of the Good Shepherd. Market st., cor. of Elm. Home of Indus- stry. Discharged male prisoners. 234 Honore st. House of the Good Shepherd. (Catholic.) Reformatory institution for young girls. N. Market st., cor. Hill. House of Providence. (Catholic.) (Mercy Hospital.) For unemployed girls. Calumet ave., cor. 26th st. Illinois Industrial School for Girls. Reformatory institution for young girls. South Evanston, III. Illi- nois Industrial Training School for 603 s. Free. Glenwood Paik, 111. Illinois Misonic Orphan's Home. 447 Carroll ave. IllinoisSoldiers' Orphans' Home. Government institution. Free. Normal, 111. Illinois Women's Soldiers' Home. 1408 Wabash ave. Martha Washington Home. For ine- briate women. Telephone 12181. Graceland ave., cor. Western ave. News- boys' and Bootblacks' Home. Pay and free. 1418 Wabash ave. Old People's Home. Ladies only. Admission, $300 and furniture for one room. Indiana ave., cor. of 39th st. The Chicago Relief and Aid Society owns twenty-five rooms in this institution, for which application maybe made at its office, 51 and 53 La Salle st. Servile Sisters' Industrial Home for Girls. (Catholic.) 1396 W. VanBurenst. Soldiers' Home. The Home is abolished, but the money is distributed, by members of its Board, to old soldiers or their families, at the Chicago Relief and Aid Society, 51 and 53 La Salle st. St. Joseph's Asylum for Boys. (Catholic.) Crawford ave., bet. W, Diversey and W. Belmont. St. Joseph's Home for the Friendless. (Catholic.) An industrial school and home for girls, and school for the deaf. 409 8. May st. St. Joseph's Orphan Asylum. Catholic.) Both sexes. 35th st., cor. Lake ave. St. Mary's Training School for Boys. (Catholic.) Free. Feehanville, Cook Co., 111. St. Vincent's Infant Asylum and Maternity Hospital. (Cath- olic.) 191 La Salle ave. Telephone 3282 Swedish Home of Mercy. Men and Women. Free. Bowmanville, 111. The Bethany Home of the Swedish M. E. Church for Aged Women. Sheridan road and Ilinn ave. Uhlich Evan- gelical Lutheran Orphan Asylum. (German.) 221 Burling st., cor. Center. Waifs' Mission. Home and School for Boys. Pay and free. 44 State st. Washingtonian Home. Men only. Pay and free. Telephone 7028. 566 "W. Madison st. Western Seaman's Friend Society. Sailors. Pay and free. 32 N. Desplaines st. Working Boys' Home and Mission of our Lady of Mercy. Pay and free. 361 W. Jackson st. Young Women's Christian Asso- ciation. Good board and wholesome surroundings at a very low rate, for skilled workingwomen. 288 Michigan ave. Young Women's Christian Association. Home for Transients. Nominal price or free. 362 W. Jack- THE ENCYCLOPEDIA. 163 son st. An agent is also sent to meet incoming trains. Employment office and dispensary, 240 W abash ave. FREE DISPENSARIES. Armour Mission Dispensary, Cor. of 33d st. and Armour av. Bethesda Mission Dispensary, 406 Clark st. Chicago Polyclinic Dispensary, 176 E. Chicago av. Free Dispensary for the Poor. Telephone 8343, 2625 Dearborn st. Medical Mission Dispensary, 2242 Wentworth av. W. S. W. C. T. U. Dispensary, Hours from 2 to 4 P.M., 870 W. Madison st. In addition to the above, dispensaries will be found in connection with every Hospital and Medical College. FREE EMPLOYMENT BUREAUS. Children's Aid Society. For boys', Room 44, 204 Dearborn st. German Society. For men, 49 La Salle st. Provident Laundry of the Home for Self-Supporting Women. Instructs laun- dresses and gives employ!) ent to needy women. Telephone 3710. 275 E. Indiana st. The Helping Hand. For men, N. E. cor. Washington boul. and Clinton st. Waifs' Mission. For boys, 44 State st. Wood Yard of the Chicago Relief and Aid Society. For men. Telephone 3415. 395 N. Clark st. Young Men's Christian Association. For men and boys. Telephone 359, 148 Madison st. Young Women's Christian Asso. Employment found for gover- nesses, book-keepers, office clerks, seamstresses, etc., room 61, 243Wabashav. DAT NURSERIES AND CRECHES. Bethesda Mission Creche, 406 S. Clark st. Hull House Creche, 221 Ewing st. Margaret Etter Creche, 2356 Wabash av. Talcot Day Nursery No. 1, 169 W. Adams st. Talcott Day Nursery No 2, 581 Austin av. Unity Church Creche, 80 Elm st. FREE NURSES AND TRAINING SCHOOLS FOR NURSES. Bethesda Deaconess Institution (German) Free nurses for the poor may be obtained, 30 and 32 Belden pi. Chicago Deaconess' Home. Free nurses for the poor may be obtained, 221 E. Ohiost. Chicago Training School. Free, 114 Dearborn ave. Clara Barton Training School for Nurses. All pay, 3411 Cottage Grove ave. Illinois-Training School for Nurses. In connection with Cook County Hos- pital, telephone 7155, 304 Honore St., near W. Harrison st. Michael Reese Hospital Training School. Twenty-ninth st., cor. of Groveland ave. Nor- wegian Deaconess' Home. Free nurses maybe obtained, 190 Humboldt st. Poor Handmaids of Jesus Christ (Catholic). Day nurses, pay and free, 212 Hudson ave. and 52 Newberry ave. Provident Hospit&l Training School (colored). Dearborn st., cor. of 29tb. Sisters of Mary (Episcopal). Visit among the sick, 215 Washington blvd. St. Luke's Hospital Training School. 1420 Wabash ave. Training School of the Hospital for Women and Chil- dren. W. Adams st., cor. of Paulina. Visiting Nurse Association. Free nurses may be obtained for poor people; North Side, telephone 3002, North- west Side, telephone 4518; South Side, telephone 8166; West Side, telephone 7134; office, 59 Dearborn st. Woman's Hospital Training School. 32d st., nw. cor. Rhodes ave. HOSPITALS. Alexian -Brothers Hospital. (Catholic). Men and boys. All diseases except contagious. Pay and free. Telephone 3467. 539 N. Market st. The- Chicago Relief and Aid Society owns eighteen beds in this Hospital, for which application may be made at its office, 51 and 53 LaSalle st. Augustana Hospital. (Swedish). Both sexes and all ages. All diseases except contagious^ Pay and free. Telephone 3022. 151 Lincoln ave. Baptist Hospital. Pay and free. 541 N. Halsted st. Bennett Hospital. Both sexes. All pay patients. Telephone 7091. Ada St., cor. 164 GUIDE TO CHCAGO. Fulton. Chicaga Emergency Hospital. Both sexes and all ages. All dis- eases except contagious. Surgery a specialty. Pay and free. 191 Superior st. Chicago Homoeopathic Hospital. Both sexes and all ages. All diseases except contagious. All pay patients. Telephone 7291. S. Wood st., cor. York. Chicago Hospital for Women and Children. All diseases except contagious. Pay and free. Telephone 7071. W. Adams st., cor. Paulina. The Chicago Relief and Aid Society owns twenty five beds in this Hospital, for which application may be made at its office, 51 and 53 LaSalle st. Chicago Charity Hospital. Both sexes and all ages. All diseases except contagious. All patients free. 59 Plymouth Place (3d ave). Chicago Eye and Ear Infirmary. Free. Tuesdays and Thursdays, from 2 to 4 o'clock. 2813 Groveland ave. Chicago Maternity Home. (Lying in Hospital.) All pay patients. Tele- phone 3627. 1619 Diversey st. Chicago Polyclinic Hospital. All pay patients. Telephone 3586. 176 E. Chicago ave. Cook County Hospital. All ages and both sexes. All diseases. Free. Telephone 7133. W.Harrison St., cor. Wood. German Hospital. Both sexes and ullages. All diseases except contagious. Half its beds free. Telephone 3376. 754 Larrabee st. Hahnemann Hospital. Both sexes and all ages. All diseases except conta- gious. Pay and free. Telephone 8104. 2811 Groveland ave. The Chicago Relief and Aid Society owns fifteen beds in this Hospital, for which applica- tion may be made at Its office, 51 and 53 LaSalle st. Illinois Chaiiiable Eye and Ear Infirmary. State Institution. Boarding and dispensary patients. All free. Telephone 4048. 227 W. Adams st. The Chicago Relief and Aid Society owns rooms for twenty patients in this Institution, for which applica- tion may be made at its office, 51 and 53 LaSalle st. Lake Side Hospital. Surgery a specialty. All pay patients. Telephone 10221. Marine Hospital. Sailors. Government Institution. Special provision for contagious diseases. Free. Telephone 12107. N. Halsted st. , near Graceland ave. Maurice Porter Memorial FreeHospitai for Children. 606 Fullerton ave. Mercy Hospital. (Catho- olic.) Both sexes and all ages. All diseases except contagious. Pay and free. Telephone 8267. Calumetave. , cor. 26th st. The Chicago Relief and Aid"Society ownsforty beds in this hospital, for which application may be made atits office, 51 and 53 LaSalle st. Michael Reese Hospital. (Jewish.) All ages and both sexes. Pay and free. Telephone 8212. 29th st., cor. Groveland ave. Na- tional Temperance Hospital. All ages and both sexes. All pay patients. Telephone 8341. 3411 Cottage Grove ave. Presbyterian Hospital. Both sexes. All diseases except contagious. Pay and free. A convalescent De- partment is attached to this Hospital. Telephone 7189. W. Congress st., cor. S. Wood. Provident Hospital. (Colored.) Pay and free. S. W. cor. 29th and Dearborn sts. St. Joseph Hospital. (Catholic.) Both sexes and all ages. All disea c es except contagious. Pay and free. Telephone 3543. 360 Garfield ave. , cor. Burling st. The Chicago Relief and Aid Society owns thirty beds in this Hospital, for which application may be made at its office, 51 and 53 LaSalle st. St. Luke's Free Hospital. (Episcopal.) Both sexes and all ages. All diseases except contagious. Pay and free. Telephone 8438. 1420 Indiana ave. The Chicago Relief and Aid Society owns twenty- eight beds in this Hospital, for which application may be made at its office, 51 and 53 LaSalle st.) St. Elizabeth Hospital. (Catholic.) Both sexes and all ages. All diseases except contagious. Pay and free. Telephone 7329. Davis st., cor. Thompson. West North Avenue cars to Davis st. Wesley Hospital. (Methodist.) Both sexes and all ages. All diseases except conta- gious. Pay and free. Telephone 2415. 355 Ohio st. Woman's Hospital of w P < 72 ^> O : H *"* O p< n s - "Ow ~ O 3 re ? I Si C/) 3 THE ENCYCLOPEDIA. 165 Chicago. Women only. Pay and free. Telephone 8353. 32d St., cor. Rhodes ave. MISSIONS AND MISCELLANEOUS. ANCHOKAGE MISSION. A temporary home for friendless girls, including fallen women and discharged female prisoners. 125 Plymouth pi. (Third ave.) ARMOUR MISSION INDUSTRIAL SCHOOL. For boys and girls. (See list of Creches and Kindergartens.) Tele- phone 8390. Cor. 33d st. and Armour ave. BETHESDA MISSION. Cheap lodg- ing house for men. (See also list of Creches and Kindergartens.) 406 S. Clark. BUREAU OP JUSTICE. Legal protection against injustice for those who are una- ble to protect themselves. 154 Lake st. CHICAGO EXCHANGE FOR WOMAN'S WORK Work of indigent women sold at a commission of 10 per cent. Tele- phone 2912. 209 Wabash ave. CITIZEN'S LEAGUE OF CHICAGO. Prosecutes sellers of liquor to minors. Telephone 1437. Rooms 31 and 32, 116 La Salle st. G. A. R. CENTRAL RELIEF COMMITTEE. G. A. Soldiers, 453 S. Canal st. ILLINOIS WOMAN'S ALLIANCE. First Friday of every month. Parlor O, Palmer House. IMMEDIATE AID MISSION AND INDUSTRIAL DAY SCHOOL. 2917 S. Clark st. LAKE GENEVA FRESH AIR ASSOCIATION. President, E. E. Ayer, 481 N. Stalest. LINCOLN PARK SANITARIUM. Address Miss Harriet M. Dewey, Daily News. MINNETONKA WORKING WOMEN'S HOME. A cheap board- ing house for women, 21 S. Peoria st. PROTECTIVE AGENCY FORWOMEN AND CHILDREN Protection and defence of the rights of women and children against wrongs of any nature. Telephone 1782. 828 Opera House Bldg. THE MUTUAL MEDICAL AID ASSOCIATION. By pa>ing $10 per year, medical aid will be furnished. Telephone 2519. Room 317, Northern Office Bldg., sw. cor. La Salle and Lake sts. THE UNION TRAINING SCHOOL. Industrial school for boys and girls. Meets every Saturday morning. 1086 W. Lake st. UNITY CHURCH INDUSTRIAL SCHOOL FOR GIRLS. (See list of Creches and Kindergartens. 80 Elm st. WESTERN SOCIETY FOR THE SUPPRESSION OF VICE. For the suppression of obscene literature, etc. Address H. D. Pen- field, 148 La Salle st. SOCIETIES. CHICAGO RELIEF AND AID SOCIETY. Non-sectarian. Give temporary aid to the better class of poor. Also owns two hundred and four teen beds in private hospitals, twenty-five rooms in the Old People's Home, and certain rights in the various Orphan Asylums, Newsboys' Home, Eye and Ear Infirmary, Home for the Friendless, Foundling's Home, etc., etc. Gives temporary employment to men at its wood yard, through which per- manent work is often found for them. Telephone 773. Office, 51 and 53 La Salle st. DANISH RELIEF SOCIETY. President, Fritz Frantzen, 296 Mil- waukee ave. GERMAN SOCIETY FOR THE PROTECTION OF IMMIGRANTS AND THE FRIENDLESS. Gives aid in cash and otherwise. Also finds work for immigrants. 49 La Salle st. HYDE PARK RELIEF SOCIETY. President, Mrs. George Driggs. 5361 Cornell ave. ILLINOIS HUMANE SOCIETY. For the prosecution of persons guilty of cruelty to persons or animals. Telephone 65, room 43, Auditorium Bldg. LUXEMBOURG SOCIETY. For Luxembourg- ers only. 49 La Salle st. NORWEGIAN SOCIETY. Temporary aid to Norwe- gians. First and third Monday in every month. President, John Blegen. 164 Randolph st. RUSSIAN REFUGEE CHARITY ASSOCIATION. General relief to Hebrew Russian Refugees. 567 S. Halsttd st. SCANDINAVIAN BETHANY AID SOCIETY. Second Monday of each month. Secretary, Adolf Monsen, 244 W. Erie st. 330 W. Indiana st. ST. ANDREWS' SOCIETY. Temporary aid to Scots. First Thursday in February. May, August, and November. Secretary, 166 GUIDE TO CHICAGO. James Duncan, Sherman House. ST. GEORGE'S BENEVOLENT SOCIETY. Temporary aid to stranded Euglishmen. First Monday of each month, at St. George's Hall, 182 Madison. President, Alexander Cook; secretary, W. C. Hill. SVEA SOCIETY. For Swedes only. First aud third Thursdaysineach month. Chicago ave. , ne. cor. Larrabee st. Swiss BENEVOLENT SOCIETY. For Swiss only. Second Monday of each month, at 8 P. M. Uhlich's Hall, Clark St., sw. cor. Kinzie. ST. VINCENT DE PAUL SOCIETY. A branch of this Society is found in nearly every Catholic church, for the relief of its poor. THK HELPING HAND. Lodging House for men. They pay by sweeping street*, or doing other work; ne. cor. Washington blvd. and Clinton st. UNITED HEBREW RELIEF ASSOCIATION. Aid given in cash, and permits to the Jew- ish Hospital and Jewish Orphan Asylum. Room 50, 181 La Salle st. VISITA- TION AND AID SOCIETY. (Catholic.) Visit and investigate among the poor. The aid given is mostly spiritual. Room 5, 124 Dearborn st. American Educational and Aid Association. V. B. Van Arsdale, super- intendent, explains the character and scope of the organization as follows : " We have 1,000 local advisory boards composed of representative citizens in as many towns and communities, whom we have made known to their coun- ties and committees through the local notices by the press, and through notices read from the pulpits, as well as by our printed matter. A homeless and needful child, as soon as it is known, is reported lo some of this local board, which reports the same to me as general superintendent. In the city of Chicago we have local boards in the various churches, as the result of res- olutions passed in their ministerial associations. Besides these local advisory boards we have the co-operation of the members and friends of our associa- tion and the various institutions where homeless children are sent. We send these children who come to oui; care to the temporary Homes at Englewood and Aurora. Our work is sustained by voluntary contributions. The total expense of every kind for the rescue of these children and placing them in families, where a large per cent, of them become worthy citizens, is less than $50 per child." The American Educational Aid Association has become familiarly known as the Children's Home Society of Chicago, and the following lines have been adopted as its popular symbol and motto : Give thy mite, give golden treasure, Freely as to child thine own ; Give thy heart in loving' measure: H P I~ o ~hiui ^o find a home. The following names appear in the list of patronesses : Mrs. John Wood- bridge, Mrs. P. E. Studebaker, Mrs. H. N. May, Mrs. N. R. Cliittenden, Mrs. Francis Lackner, Mrs. Benton J. Hall, Mrs. William Dunn, Mrs. J. D. Gillett, Rev. Florence E. Kollock, Mrs. Richard J. Oglesby, Mrs. John M. Palmer, Mrs. E. F. Lawrence, Mrs. A. P. Miller, Mrs. G. AV. Mathews, Mrs. A. C. Mather, Mrs. Solomon Thatcher, Jr. ; Mrs. M\*ra Bradwell. Following are the officers: John Woodbridge, president; Thomas Gait, recording secretary; Edward F. Lawrence, treasurer. Directors: R. D. Scott, F. J. Walton, N. H. Axtel, J. W. Conly, E. C. Moderwell, J. W. Allen, Henry Augustine, F. M. Gregg, William T. Baker, Ferd W. Peck. E. F. Lawrence, E. B. Butler, Francis Lackner, S. A. Maxwell, William H. Litch- field, W. L. Tamblyn, A. H. Wheeler, Judge M. F.Tuley, Joseph Badenoch, J. C. Armstrong, A. K. Perry, E. P. Savage, George K. Hoover, Fred H. THE ENOYCLOPLDIA. 167 Wines, D. F. Carnahan, Judge J. P. Altgeld, M. W. Haynes, F. B. Tobey, J. 8. Jenckes, R. W. McClaughry, Mrs. J. M. Flower, Dr. Winnie M. Cowan, Dr. C. Northop. This society has placed 1,800 children in good homes during* the last nine years. One child, on an average, is now placed every day. Location of office, 230 LaSalle st. Armour Mission. Located at Butterfleld and Thirty-third streets, take State street cable line. Directors Philip D. Armour, J. O. Armour, William J. Campbell, John C. Black, P. D. Armour, Jr., Edwin Barritt Smith; Rev. Howard H. Russell, pastor; established in November, 1886. This magnificent charity owes its origin to a provision in the will of the late Joseph F. Armour, bequeathing f 100, 000 for the founding of such an institution. He directed that the carrying out of his benevolent design should be chiefly intrusted to his brother, Mr. Philip D. Armour, who, accepting the trust so imposed, has given to it the same energetic and critical attention that he has given to his private affairs. He has greatly enlarged upon the original design and in consequence has added enough from his own resources to his brother's bequest of $100,000 to make the present investment about $1,000,000. Armour Mission is incor- porated under the laws of Illinois. In addition to the Mission building proper, the Armour Mission corporation owns the Armour Mission Flats, con- sisting of 194 separate flats. The entire revenue derived from the rental of these flats is used for the maintenance of the Mission and its departments. The corporation also owns adjoining ground upon which Mr. Armour has recently erected a manual training school, not yet ready foroccupancy. The Missionis abroad and wholly non sectarian institution. It is free and open toall,tothe full extent of its capacity, without any condition as to race, creed or other- wise. Mr. Armour believes that children develop into manhood and woman- hood according to their early training and surroundings, and that much can be done for the advancement of mankind by lending a helping hand to chil- dren and youth. His deep interest in the welfare of the young has found expression in the Mission and no money he has ever expended has yielded him more genuine satisfaction and pleasure than the large sum he has here invested and set apart to be forever used for the moral, intellectual and phys- ical advancement of the young. The Mission building proper is located at the corner of Armour avenue and Thirty-third street and is constructed in the most solid and substantial manner, the material used being pressed brick and brown stone. The woodwork throughout is of polished oak and the furnish- ings are complete and in entire harmony with the solid character of the build- ing. The first floor consists of a large room fitted up to receive the Creche or clay nursery, the kitchen, day room, kindergarten room, reading room, vault, closets, bath rooms, coal and furnace cellar, and the four dispensary rooms. The second floor consists of the main audience room, eight class rooms, adjoining pastor's study, officers' room, library, spacious halls, and, two large hide rooms to be used for Sunday-school purposes or for small meetings. The third floor contains a very large and handsomely-fitted-up lecture room. The main audience room will accommodate about 1,300 persons. The building when taxed to its full capacity will accommodate a Sunday-school of about 2,500 persons. The audience room is provided with a large pipe- organ. With its colored glass windows, its tasteful frescoing and symmetrical form, it is one of the most beautiful rooms of its class. The seats bring the audience near to the speaker and the acoustic properties are of 168 GUIDE TO CHICAGO. the best. One of the best features of this room is the arrangement by which It can be made into a small or large room, as maybe required. The kindergar- ten and the free medical dispensary departments are worthy of the special attention o^ the Visitor . The kindergarten will accommodate about 170 little pupils comfortably and is open to children under the age of seven years. Upon the completion of Ihe training school the kindergarten will be removed to that building. It has the care of 200 pupils. Visitors are greatly pleased with its work and with the bright faces and cleanly appear- ance of the little ones. The free dispensary of the mission is in charge of Dr. Swartz, a skillful physician and surgeon, who is provided with all neces- sary assistants. Treatment and advice are given and prescriptions filled without charge ; but it is intended that none shall receive either unless unable to pay for them. An average of about forty patients a day are treated at the dispensary and a much larger number provided with drugs and medicines entirely free of charge. The Sunday-school has always been of special interest to the many who visit the mission. The school numbers about 2,200 enrolled members. The average attendance for last year was about 1,600. In 190 it was 1,400. In 1889 the average was 1,252. There are now thirty officers and 113 teachers. The Armour Mission flats (194 in-number) are located at the intersection of Thirty-third, Thirty-fourth and Dearborn Btfeeta and Armour avenue, occupying both sides of Armour avenue and the west side of Dearborn street entirely, between Thirty-third and Thirty-fourth streets, and the north side of Thirty-fourth and a portion of the south side of Thirty-third, between Dearborn street and Armour avenue. It is a most desirable location, being convenient to down-town and cross-town street car lines and to regular railroad suburban passenger service. The buildings are models of modern architectural skill, both in exterior appearance and in interior arrangement and finish. The flats rent from $17.50 to $35 per month each, which includes water rent, day janitor service, night watchman ser- vice, hall lights and the care of halls and grounds. Following are the usual weekly " announcements: " SUNDAY Morning worship for children and families, 11 A. M. Evening, Gospel meeting at tt o'clock. Sunday school at 3 P. M. Young people's meeting at 7 P. M. MON- DAY Temperance meeting at 8 P. M. on the first Monday of each month. WEDNESDAY Children's Choral Class from 4 to 4:30 p. M. FRIDAY Service for Praise and Bible Study, at 8 P. M. SATURDAY Industrial School: Boys, 10 to 12 A. M. ; Girls, 2 to 4 P. M. The Armour Mission Boys' Batallion is an organization of four companies of boys, numbering 175, for military drill and personal improvement. The boys are pledged against the use of tobacco, intoxicating liquor and vulgar and profane language. This line of work for the boyslis a great success. The drills of the Batallion are conducted by Col. W. C. Johnson, on Monday, Tuesday, Thursday and Friday evenings of each week, at 7:45. NOTES. The Kindergarten is open from 9 A. M. to 12 M. on every week day except Saturday. One hundred boys and girls from four to seven years of age are accommodated. The Dispensary is open daily except Sunday, from 9 A. M. to 11 A. M. It is free to all who are unable to pay for medicine or medical attendance, or both. The Visitor is published monthly, for gratuitous distribution in the Sunday-school. Bureau of Justice. An organization, first, to assist in securing legal protection against injustice for those who are unable to protect themselves. Second, to take cognizance of the workings of existing laws and methods of procedure, and to suggest improvements, Third, to propose new and better THE ENCYCLOPEDIA. 169 laws, and to make efforts toward securing their enactment. Office rooms, 6 and 7 Marine building, 154 Lake street. Officers: Chas. H. Ham, president; J. C. Stirling, vice-president and treasurer; Edw. C. Wentworth, secretary. Board of directors, Chas. ,H. Ham, J. C. Stirling, Edw. C. Wentworth, W. H. Winslow, H. B. Cragin, Chas. E. Kremer, C. li. Corbin, Chas. E. Rand, A. L. Singer. Wm. M. Sailer, Wm. R. Manierre and Joseph W. Errant. Board of counselors, Lyman J. Gage, Henry D. Lloyd, Chas. L. Hutchinson, C. C. Bonney, E. Of. Keith, V. F. Lawson, Herman Raster, E. T. Jeffrey, Dr. E. G. Hirsch, Martin J. Russell, Louis Nettlehorst, S. D. Kimbark, John J. P. Odell, Franklin H. Head, Berthold Loewenthal, O. B. Green, A. C. Bartlett, Gen. M. M. Trumbull, Wilbur S. Henderson, Rev. J. L. Withrow, George Schneider, Jos. Beifciu and Franklin MacVeagh. Executive committee: Chas. H. Ham, Edw. C. Wentworth, Chas. E. Kremer, H. B. Cragin, J. C. Stirling. Agent and attorney, Joseph W. Errant. A. P. Williams, as-sistant attorney. The last reports of the attorney and agent shows that there were 3,783 matters attended to during 1890-91, as against 2,497 for 1889-90 and 1,1(54 during 1888-89, which is indicative of the growth from year to year in the work of the bureau. The matters attended to afford an interesting illustratiog of the work peformed. In detail there are as follows: Chattel mortgage matters, 186; wrongful taking and detention of personal property, 104; different questions arising out of relation of landlord and tenant, 180; cases in which exemptions were threatened, 49; cases involving prosecution for cruel treatment or assault, 22; investigation and prosecution of -crime, 23; investigation and prosecution of fraud and impo- sition, 53; persecutions by wrongful suits and by other means, 22; support of parents, 10; support of children, 33; cases of support for wives, and different complaints of wives as to husbands, 222; cases involving prosecution for violation of local ordinances, 9; wrongs to women and girls, 22; different questions arising out of relation of employer and employe, 755; questions in relation to real property, 44; wages claims under lien law, 47; other wages claims, 717; miscellaneous matters requiring active woik of every variety, 167; miscellaneous matters calling for advice of every kind, 1,118. Total, 3,783. The claims for wages during the year amounted to $7,778.75. Other money claims, $2,879.70, making a total of $10,658.45. During the three years of its existence the bureau has collected $20,000 in wages, besides thousands in other claims. This money has been placed in the bauds of those who had earned it. During the last year the number of suits prosecuted was 357; the number of suits defended, 18. Three hundred and forty-two of these suits were successfully prosecuted or defended. The bureau takes an active interest in the prevention of injustice to the poor and friendless in the matter of chattel mortgage!, from sales, assaults on the person and other crimes, and does a large amount of good work in the bringing about of neces- sary reforms in the law. The report of the treasurer for the last year shows the receipts to have been $5,337.78 and the expenditures $5,371.39. The bureau is supported by private contributions. The association is composed of many of the leading citizens of Chicago. Chicago Daily JNewi Fresh Air Fund. One of the most beautiful and most popular charities of this city is that carried on every summer undtr the auspices of the Chicago Daily News Fund. A summary of the work done in 1891 will suffice as a fair example of the administration of its affairs duiing xhe years of its existence. There was contributed during the season of that 170 GUIDE TO CHICAGO. year by the public and founders of the charity an aggregate of $8,662.43. Of tuisam-mntthe sum of $1,333.85 was expended at the Lincoln Park Sanitarium in the care of the 26.660 infants, children and adults during the months of July, August and September. The per diem expanse defrayed fromthese contribu- tions was about 5 cents for each individual. On account of the Country Week there was expended from the same contributions a total of $2,849.20, for which sum ample provision was made for railroad transportation and all other inci- dental and necessary expenses of a fortnight in the country for 3,352 children and mothers were defrayed. The average duration of visit from each individual was a fraction over fourteen days, and the average cost was about $1.00 for each Country-Week euest. In every instance the visitors were greatly benefited. As theretofore the expenses of executive management, printing, stationery, postage and sundries the total amounting to $1.837.34 was defrayed by the Chicago Daily News, thus leaving the gross receipts by subscription or contri- bution" to go direct for the actual expenses of the beneficiaries. The most im- portant feature of the Fresh Air Fund of 1889 was the establishment of a permanent sanitarium for infanta and children at Lincoln Park. [Take North Clark street cable line to central entrance of Lincoln Park, and walk eastwardly to the lake.] The building is of the most substantial character, but without any attempt at elaboration or ornament. Its archi tectural effect is secured by- simplicity an the teachers in the kindergartens. These, with the mothers' meetings held once each month in connection with the different kindergartens, have been of inestimable value in bringing about a closer sympathy between mother and teacher and the most effectual good to the children. There have been 4,059 visitors to the kindergartens. This, 172 GUIDE TO CHICAGO. with the increased number in the training class, is yet another evidence of the growing interest in the kindergarten work. The little paper, the Free Kindergarten, issued by the association, has a larger circulation this year, indicative of a desire by many to investigate more thoroughly the methods of this association. The paper is issued quarterly, and contains plans and reports. The association has lost by death several of its prominent original members; among the number are Mr. L. Hagans, Mr. Caleb Gates, and Mr. F. Haskel. The training class has four regular instructors, Mrs. Mary Boomer Page, theory; Miss Eva B. Whitmore, occupations; Miss Margaret D. Morley, physical culture, and Miss Mary Hofer, vocal music. Besides these the classes have special lectures from other specialists. Miss Josephine Locke has given to the classes lectures on form, color, and 'clay modeling. Other lecturers of the year have been Dr. I. N. Danforth, Dr. McPherson, Miss Frances Willard, Mrs. Kissell, and Dr. Everett Burr. The special feature of this association is growing in favor as its work is more thoroughly investigated. There have been many of its Bible cards sent home and treas- ured by all members of the family. Texts are chosen that children can com- prehend and are not given until the thought is worked out through other materials. Chicago Nursery and Half-Orphan Asylum. Located at 175 Burling streeet, and 855 N. Hals ed street. One of the most useful and most worthy of the charities of Chicago. Officers of the Board of Managers: President, Mrs. W. C. Goudy; vice-president, Mrs. A. Keith; 2d vice-president, Mrs. H. J. Berry; secretary, Mrs. F. H. Beckwith; assistant secretary, Mrs. C. Bent- ley; treasurer, Miss Hurlbut; matron, Miss E. M. Fuller. At the last annual meeting the treasurer's report showed the total receipts for the year to be $18,039.37; expenses and investments, $17,560.67; balance on hand, $478.70. Chicago Orphan Asylum. Located at 2228 Michigan avenue. Take Cottage Grove avenue cable line. Under Protestant management, but children of all denominations are admitted. Officers President, Norman Williams; vice-president, John M. ClarK ; secretary, Frederick B. Tuttle ; treasurer, W. D. Preston. Officers of the Board of Directresses President, Mrs. N. T. Gassette ; vice-president, Mrs. B. B. Botford ; corresponding secretary, Miss S. M. Horton ; recording secretary, Mrs. H. W. Getz ; treas- urer, Mrs. E. J. Doring; matron, Mrs. Harriet C. Bigelow. Chicago Policlinic. A large and v well equipped building located at 174 and i76 E.Chicago avenue. Take Clark or Wells street cable cars. This is one of the most meritorious institutions of the city. All sorts of diseases are treated free of charge to sufferers. From an enterprise for gratuitous treat- ment of the poor the physicians interested have developed it into a college, where active practitioners may take a post-graduate course in surgery and medicine. The lecture and other rooms have been enlarged and there is now room for 200. The clinics, which continue the year round, are well patronized, the daily number of people treated being about 200. The hos- pital room has recently been increased. About thirty Chicago physicians are connected with the institution, among them being the following: Drs. Miller, Belfield, Harris, Chew, M. R. Brown, Henrotin, Etheridge, Hooper, Colburn, Fiske, Hoadley, MacArthur, Senn, Fenger, Futterer, Patton, Hotz, Ingals, Church, Hayes, J. B. Hamilton, Banga, Christopher, Anthony, E. M. Smith, C^S. Bacon, E. L. Holmes, H. M. Lyman. [Engraved for The Standard Guide Company.] CORLISS ENGINE HOUSE AND WATER TOWER, PULLMAN, CHICAGO. [See " Great Industries."] THE ENCYCLOPEDIA. 173 Chicago Relief and Aid Society. Organized by special act of the legisla- ture in 1857. Located in Chicago, Relief and Aid Society building, LaSalle street, between Randolph and Lake streets. This society received a large portion of the surplus funds contributed by the world for Ihe relief of the people of Chicago, after the great fire of 1871. The society has from time to time been severely criticised for the coldness of its management, and thc> gingerly manner in which it extends its charities. In the last annual report, it advises strongly against the giving of private alms. The society owns 200 beds in private hospitals. It claims that it has sometimes found a family ask ing relief when there are children old enough to contribute to their own and their parents' support, but who are kept at school. The society refuses aid in such cases, placing self-support and filial duty before education. " In the midst of abject poverty," so the reports reads, "there is often surprising wastefulness. There is great need of education in res pect to the ways and means of economy." During 1890 the following number of articles are said to have been issued : Men's wear, 749 ; children's wear, 1,459 ; shoes, 1.57 1 } pairs ; blankets. 104 ; comforts, 37 ; red flannel, 1,520 yards ; canton flannel. 2, 890 yards; unbleached muslin, 2,165; calico, 2.160 ; worsted goods, 183 In the list of nationalities of those who received relief the Germans are at the head with 510 families, including 2,470 children, and the Scotch are the sma-llest with 60 families. The total is 2,350 families and 10,940 children. In the class of cases relieved there were 2,209 of aged, sick, or infirm widows with families, 400 able-bodied men with families, and 895 deserted women with families. The total number of applications was 13,565, of which 6,015 were approved ; women sent to the Home for the Friendless, 145 ; children, 300 ; meal tickets issued, 2,746 ; men furnished with employment, outside of wood-yard, 10,536 ; expended by Superintendent Truesdell, $39,239 ; balance on hand, $13,482. The cash donations, amounting to $31,583, were divided into 4 $1,000 subscriptions, sixteen of $500 each, three of $300, thirty of $250 each, eight of $200 each, and a large number of sums ranging from $150 to $1. The officers are President, John McLaren; B. L. Smith, treasurer; secretary, W. H. Hubbard; general superintendent, Rev. C. G. Truesdeli, directors meet first Monday of every month. The society has branch offices as follows: Southern office, 3601 Wabash ave. Northern office, 420 Lincoln ave. Western office, Monroe, cor. Ogden ave. Church Home for Aged Persons. Located at 4327 Ellis ave. Take Cot- tage Grove avenue cable lines. Reports made at the annual meeting of the lady managers show the disbursements of last year and no debt for the coming year. The board is composed of Mrs. Dr. Warden, Mrs. George W. Mathers* Miss Sayer, Miss Josephine I. Wells and Mrs. George S. McRej- uolds. Chicago Home for Crippled Children. Dr. J. Prince in charge. Located at 91 Heine street. This institution is designed as a mission to the poor and destitute, and a charitable asylum for infirm or crippled children. It depends upon voluntary subscription. Ben. K. Chase, tieasurer board of trustees, 70 State street. Convalescents' Home. Organized 1891 and as yet in its incipiency. The directors hope to begin in a small way with a home for invalids in the city in the winter time and a country place during the summer. Officers : President, 174 GUIDE TO CHICAGO. Dr. Walter Delafleld; vice-president, General Joseph Stockton; secretary, Charles M. Flack; treasurer, Julius Rosen thai. Danish Lutheran Orphans' Home. Located at Maplewood, a suburb of Chicago. Take train at Wells street depot, Wells and Kinzie streets. Under direction of the Danish Lutheran Church Society of Chicago ; superintendent, Rev. Andrew S. Nielsen. Erring Woman's Refuge. Located on the west side of Indiana avenue, between Fiftieth and Fifty-first streets. Mrs. L. B. Doud, president; Mrs. H. Y. Lazeau, vice-president; Mrs. John Ailing, recording secretary; Mrs. Charles Oilman Smith, corresponding secretary; Mrs. E. O. F. Holer, treas- urer; Mrs. Helen M. Woods, superintendent; Miss Bessie Stone, assistant superintendent. Teachers Miss Jennie Crawford and Miss Barber. Trus- tees James H. Swan, Charles M. Charnley, Addison Ballard, H. H. Kohl- saat, Henry S. Stebbias and G. C. Bentpn. Take Indiana avenue car on Wabash avenue cable line. This institution was founded in 1865. The pres- ent building was dedicated and thrown open in the fall of 1890. It cost $60,- 000 and will accommodate 100 women. The plan of the new building may be described generally as octagonal, thirty-eight feet in diameter, with four wings 34x48 feet in size. The inner corners of these wings are cut off so as to form small square courts, with alternate sides of the octagon. The main entrance, facing Indiana avenue, is in one of these courts, and the angle of the wings in front of it contains a porch. Across the corresponding angle in the rear, and communicating with the two rear wings, is the kitchen building. The building has three stories and basement,' and the rotunda towers, above the wings, constitute another story. The material used is half-dressed lime- stone for the basement and Roman red brick for" the superstructure. The architecture is very plain. In the basement are the store-rooms, truuk-ioom, engine-room, boiler-room, coal-room, ice-room, vegetable-loom, laundry and the drying-room, and in the rotunda the gymnasium. On the first floor, the rotunda, into which the entrance opens, contains the main staircase, which rises at either side of an ornamental mantel and fire-place tixcd in the smoke- stack. In the northeast wing are the sewiug-iooms, fitting-ioom and mate- rial-room. In the southeast wing are the office, parlor, committee-room and a beautiful chapel. In the northwest wing are the nurseiy, wash-room and a few dormitories. In the southwest wing are the dining-room and china closet, and connecting with them the kitchen and pantry. On the second floor of the rotunda is the library, and in the wings the dormitories, bath- rooms, servants' quarters and the hospital. The third floor is devoted entirely to dormitories and bath-rooms. In the fourth story of the rotunda are more dormitories and two lock-ups, lined with corrugated iron, for the most violent inmates. The capacity of the building is about 100 inmates. The cost of the ground was $11,000. The Erring Woman's Refuge is one of the best managed charities in the city. The inmates are generally between the ages of 14 and 20. As a rule they are plain, uneducated and ignorant girls. They drift into the Refuge in various ways, but mostly from the justice courts, though there is no law authorizing justices of the peace to commit them there, nor the Refuge itself to receive and restiain them. Whenever they choose they get released on a writ of habeas corpus. The aim of the management is to restore the health of the inmates, teach them housework, plain sewing and dressmaking, and THE ENCYCLOPEDIA. 175 to awaken their moral and religious nature. They all attend school during four days in the week. On Sundays there is school in the morning, a sermon by some minister in the afternoon, and in the evening a prayer meeting con- ducted by one of the inmates, whom the others have selected for that pur- pose. There is also a prayer meeting on Thursday evening, a temperance band of hope, and on the last Saturday evening in every month a public enter- tainment by the inmates, consisting of recitations and music. At all these occasions the public is welcome. A sight not easily forgotten is a peep into thematron's photograph album, containing the likenesses of the girls who have graduated from the institution. To hear her give the history of one after another of them is a sad but interesting experience. Visitors are admitted between 10 A. M. and 4 P. M. daily. Foundlings' Home. Located at 114 Wood St., near West Madison St., West Side. Dr. George E. Shipman, Supt. Visiting day, Tuesday, from 11 A. M. to 4 P.M. Take Madison st. cable line. First opened for the recep- tion of foundlings January, 1870, by Dr. Shipman. It was originally intended only as a haven of refuge for such little castaways as were abandoned in its immediate neighborhood, and not as a city charity. But, through a mis- understanding upon this score, the city papers spoke of it as such, and the doctor found the superinteudency of a public charity forced upon him. He had realized for a number" of years the great need of such an institution before he opened his little home, but could find no one who thought it incum- bent upon himself personally to undertake it, while all admitted the crying need. Dr. Shipnvin from that moment until the present has never been free from its responsibilities. In speaking of the time of its foundation he says that the coroner reported to him, upon being questioned, that he held an in- quest on at least one child every day " found dead from exposure." This would make a yearly aggregate of 365, to say nothing of the great numbers dead by the fearful crime of infanticide. The first home was a small, two- story frame house at 54 South Green street, for which $35 per month wa to be paid, with option ou a year from the following May. From one friend and another, wiio learned of the doctor's intentions, he received $77. 38, and a patient of his said he would give $100 more when it was opened. This was the sum total of visible capital wherewith to support all the foundlings in Chicago. It is interesting to read of this meager home and its still more meager furnishings and compare them with the almost luxurious equipments of the present home. Although the entire house was made habitable very soon, its capacity was reached before the lapse of many weeks, and still the basket at the door had every morning its tiny occupant. More room must be gained or the basket taken in. This was not to be thought of, and search was at once begun for a larger house, although the home had no money. This resulted in the selection of two large brick houses on the southeast cor- ner of Randolph and Sangamon streets. Two formidable dragons stood between the little charity and these. The rent was $133 per month ($35 was more than they could pay promptly). They were in a wretched condition, and the landlord would do nothing. There was no way to surmount these obstacles except to boldly face them. These b'uildings were selected on March 21, and when the doctor returned home in the evening, wondering what .should be done and praying, in the old way, for aid and guidance, he found the following letter awaiting him: " DR. SHIPMAN: My newspaper, just road, gives me an account of your foundlings, and says you are relying on the Lord, who has just told me to send you the enclosed I. Kreeger, secretary, and A. L. Stone, treasurer. The headquarters are at No. 567 South Halsted St., where the superintendent, M. Dulsky, has charge of every case of Buffering reported. President, B. Wartelsky; vice-presidents, Wolf Goldstein and M. Kassel; recording secretary, M. Kreeger; financialjsecretary, A. Bernstein; treasurer, N. Davis; board of directors, A. I. Frank, R. Goldstein, A. L. Stone, Lewis Lewinsohn, Marks Nathan, A. Lieberman, A. Wilkess, H. Stern, and S. D. Stoll. Advisory Board, L. Steinberg, M. Perlstein, F. Kiss, I. Lewinsohn, M. Schneider, P. Drosdivitz, M. Barnett, H. Barnett, C. B. Neuerman. Lake Geneva Fresh Air Association. Organized June 1888 by wealthy ladies and gentlemen of Chicago, summer residents of Lake Geneva. It is said this grand charity, which has for its object the granting of recreation to , poor children and working girls, during the heated terms of each year, had its origin in the suggestion of a Chicago lady during a moonlight boat ride on the lake. Edward E. Ayer, George Sturges, N. K. Fairbank and George C. Walker were instrumental in starting the movement. A committee of twenty young women was organized to secure subscriptions around the lake and in the city. In one month the committee had $12,000 pledged. A number of gentlemen pledged themselves to furnish an additional sum of money to start the organization. The articles of incorporation read : " The undersigned, E. D. Richardson, W. H. Hammersly, and John B. Sim- mons, residents cf Lake Geneva, in V\ alworth County, State of Wisconsin, hereby associate themselves together for the purpose of forming a corporation, under the Revised Statutes of the State of Wisconsin, for the purpose of constructing and main- ing at Lake Geneva a summer resort for poor children residing in or near the city of ChicHgo The capital stock of this association shall be limited to twenty thousand dollars (*20,OoO), divided into two hundred (~0 ) shares of one hundred dollars (*100) each. It mnj r commence the transaction of business when eighty (80) shares of its capital stock nave been subscribed for. No dividend or pecuniary profit shall ever be made or declared by this corporation to its members." The asnciatioo i nmeiiately purchased eight acres of ground ont he north shore of Lake Geneva, near Forest Glen. The land lies in one of the most picturesque spots around this beautiful lake. It is on a wooded hillside run- ning down to the shore, and has 300 feet frontage on the lake. A two-story frame house, with basement, was built on a level with the gentle slope that runs down to the lake. The house stands several hundred feet back from the shore and immediately in the rear of it rises the steep acclivity of the hill or bluff. This house was christened the " Holiday Home," and many a heart has leaped with gladness within its walls. A large veranda, after the Southern style of a porch, runs around the suniiy side of the house. In the basement are the servants' quarters kitchen, laundry and balh-rooms. On the first floor is a large play-room for children with an old-fashioned fire- place, a long hall, a dining-room, a matron's room and a committee-room. In the upper story are four dormitories, each fitted up with iron bedsteads. The walls are covered with pictures. Each child has a bag, into which it puts its clothing at night and hangs near the b(d. A matron has a room on this floor also. The home was opened July 3, 1888. There are special dona- tions by individuals for support of beds, and decorations in the way of pic- tures. About a dozen beds are thus provided. The home now has accom- modations for eighty persons. About $4,000 has been spent on the house. On June loih of each year the association sends out eighty young women 178 GUIDE TO CHICAGO. to the home for an outing of two weeks. They are found in the ranks of the shop girls, clerks, type-writers and stenographers. Their car fare is paid both ways by the association and their boarding and lodging are free. Their summer retreat lasts until July 1st. They return that day in the moruing, and in the afternoon another party of eighty younger girls, ranging from six to thirteen years of age, are sent out to the home. This lot is found among the school children principally. A selection committee has charge of tie matter. Applications for an outing are handed into this committee and an agent makes an investigation. If the application is found to be a proper on the applicant is registered as one who can go. The city is divided into dis- tricts, each one having an agent who reports applications to the selection committee, and then the general agent makes his investigation. On the afternoon of July 15th a lot of eighty boys are taken out on the train to the home. They are selected from the poorer families and the sickly children. The succeeding fortnights alternate with a lot of boys and then a lot of girls at the home up to September 1st. This allows the children 1o return in time for the opening of the public schools. The first two weeks of September are devoted to giving recreation to eighty mothers and eighty babies. The mothers, babies, young women and girls and boys are given free excursions on the lake by the gentlemen in the vicinity who own private yachts. A pier has been built on the lake front of the association's property, and the boys, under the charge of custodians, are allowed to swim and bathe and indulge in aquatic sports. The girls are also allowed to educate themselves in swimming. Concerts are given in the play -room of Ihe home. A fine piano is there for the use of those musically inclined. Gospel hymns are sung, but the boys can also raise their voices in exploiting the love affairs of " Little Annie," who was the sweetheart of a certain Joe; or even warble the melodies of " There're After Me ! After me!" Concerts by older people are given at Harvard Camp, Kaye's Park, Forest Glen Park and Frascate Park, the proceeds of which go into the treasury of the home. Fresh veg- etables are furnished the home from the private gardens at the lake, and gen tlemen in the vicinity also send over barrels of watermelons in season. Officers. President, Mrs. George L. Dunlapjvice presidents, Mrs. Edward E. Ayer, Gilbert B. Shaw; corresponding secretary, Miss M. D. Sturgcs; recording secretary, Mrs. Herbert P. Crane; treasurer, Miss Katherine. Porter; board of directors, Edward E. Ayer, R. T. Crane, Henry Strong, Mrs. S. W. Allerton, Mrs. John T. Lester, Mrs. Lucretia J. Tilton; board of mana- gers, Mrs. E. E. Ayer, Mrs. S. A. Brown, Mrs. William J. Chalmers, Mrs. Charles Crane, Mrs. Herbert P. Crane, Mrs. R. T. Crane, Mrs. W. F. Dummer. Mrs. N. K. Fairbank, Miss Hannah French, Mrs. E. B. Harbert, Mrs. F. S. Johnson, Mrs. J. S. Norton, Mrs. George Parker, Mrs. H. H. Porter, Mrs. O. W. Potter, Mrs. Conrad Seipp, Mrs. Gilbert B. Shaw, Mrs. Henry Strong, Mrs. George Sturgis, Miss C. P. Tilton, Mrs. James Van Inwagen, Mrs. George C. Walker, Mrs. O. D. Wetherell, Mrs. J. R. Wilson, Mrs. T. F. Withrow. Standing Committee Chairmen Finance, Edward E. Ayer; building and grounds, George C. Walker; household, Mrs. George C. Walker; purchasing, Mrs. Orson Smith; amusement, Miss Katherine I sham; hospital, Mrs. O. D. Wetherell; transportation, R. T. Crane; selection of children, Mrs. T. F. Withrow; investigating, Mrs. W. J. Chalmers. Four-fifths of the money received by the home has come from fairs, clubs and children's enter- tainments. THE ENCYCLOPEDIA. 179 German Old People's Home. Located at Harlem Altenheim P. O. ten miles west of the City Hall. Take train at Grand Central depot, Fifth avenue and Harrison street. This Home was established through the efforts and generosity of the German residents of Chicago, and is the largest and best conducted institution of its kind in the country. The Home buildings are complete, the surroundings beautiful, and nothing is spared to make the lives of the old people committed to its care as happy as possible. One of the prime movers in this noble charity was Mr. A. C. Hesing. its president. The treasurer is Mr. John Buehler; secretary, Arthur, Erbe; financial secretary, C. Mechelke. Good Samaritan Society. Industrial Home, 151 Lincoln avenue,. North side ; take Lincoln avenue car. This institution is incorporated by special charter. The object of this Society is to provide a place for destitute women and girls, believed to be worthy, where they can earn an honest and respect- able living. For this purpose a home is provided, where, when necessary, they can be cared for temporarily, and as soon as a suitable place can be found they are sent to it. No money is given them except to pay car fare or for some immediate necessity. The essence of the whole work is, to give a chance to those who wish to get on in the world. Supported by voluntary contribution. Guardian Angel Orphan Asylum. This is a German Roman Catholic institution and is located at Rosehill (Havelock P. O.). Take train at Wells street depot, Wells and Kinzie streets. The institution is conducted by the Poor Handmaids of Jesus Christ ; Superior, Sister Mary Hyacinthe. Hebrew Charity Association. This association is accomplishing a remark- able and a noble work in Chicago. It is composed of the various Hebrew charitable organizations. [For particulars as to its general transactions, see " Michael Reese Hospital," under heading of " Hospitals and Dispensaries."] The receipts of the last Hebrew charity ball given in Chicago under the auspices of the Hebrew Charity Association were $12,000. The report of the united Hebrew charities for 1889-1890 showed that during the year there were 494 applicants for work, or forty more than the year before. Of these 443 were provided with work, or fifty-seven more than during the preceding year. At the Michael Reese hospital 789 patients were treated, of whom 252 were Jewish Charity patients and 278 Gentile charity patients. Of those treated 344 were Jewish, 330 Protestant, and 115 Roman Catholic. Helping Hand, The. The Helping Hand is the name of a new institution, benevolent in character, which was opemd to the public in 1891, at the north- east corner of West Washington and Clinton streets. The three upper floors of the four-story building on that corner have been leased for three years by well-known citizens, who organized and incorporated this charity for the pur- pose of making a practical test of their ideas concerning work of this kind. They deal chiefly with able-bodied but unfortunate men. They do not pro- pose to become all-embracing reformers. They have at the outset adopted St. Paul's dictum that " if a man will not work neither shall he eat," and to this they add: " Nor should he be furnished with a bed at public expense." One of the most important rules of the new . establishment is thus expressed: " A clean bed, a compulsory bath, a clean night shirt, and such treatment of clothing as will destroy all vermin," all of which is deemed quite as ueedful as food to the self-respect of a man. The three floors contain 26 180 GUIDE TO CHCAGO. rooms, 18 of which are provided with enough single beds to accommodate 100 lodgers. Then there are dining-room and kitchen, reading-room, reception- room and office, and room for shower baths, fumigation room for the treatment of oldclothes, and a large apartment in which non-sectarian gospel services will be conducted every evening. The house is well provided with closets, and newly fitted with water pipes. In these respects it is far above the average cheap lodging house. Not the least important of Its features is a cobbler's bench, where badly worn shoes of unfortunates may be repaired, and a tailor's outfit for the mending of frayed garments that have seen better days. Charitable people are requested to send cast-off clothing there, <3o that a stock may be kept on hand for emergencies. The rates at the Helping Hand are 15 cents for a bed, or 35 cents for supper, bed and breakfast. Cash will be accepted from those who have it; able-bodied men without the price will be required to pay an equivalent in work furnished by the institution. Cripples and men unable to work do not come within the scope of this refuge; they will be referred to the institutions which cover that field. In course of time it is expected that different kinds of work can be furnished by the Helping Hand, but for the present the labor will consist chiefly of street sweeping, scrubbing, delivering coal and kindling wood. Officers: Thomas Kane, president; W. H. Rice, secretary; Judge Qwynn Garnett, treasurer. The directors are Messrs. Garneii, Kane, Rice, Judge C. C. Kohlsaat, Arthur J. Caton, Charles E. Simons, R, H. Trumbull, E. H. Valentine, Qeorge B. Townsend and J. L. Whitlock. P. V. Welch, superintendent. Holy Family Polish and Bohemian Orphan Asylum. Located at Holt and Division streets. This is a Catholic institution. Sister Mary Rosamunda, Superior. Home for Incurables. Located on Ellis ave. and Fifty-sixth st. Take Cottage Grove ave. cable line. F. D. Mitchell, superintendent ; Miss Libbie 8. Ainsworth, matron ; Dr. William P. Goldsmith and Dr. John H. Wilson, attending physicians. The buildings, together with the surrounding grounds, are the gift of Mrs. Clarissa C. Peck. This kindly lady, when living, was ac- tive in all good works, and, dying, bequeathed the better half of her estate for the alleviation'of a class for whom no adequate provision was made. In the main corridor of the great building is a magnificent brass memorial tablet, set like some rare jewel in fine marble. It bears the following inscription : * CHICAGO HOME FOR INCURABLES. This Tablet is Erected in Grateful Remembrance of CLARISSA C. PECK, Died Dec. 22, 1884, By whose Generosity This Institution Was Founded and Endowed. But a monument more lasting than brass is the great home itself with its cheerful apartments given over to the comfort and consolation of the afflicted. Mrs. Peck's bequest amounted to something over $500,000, and in the will she named eight gentlemen whom she wished to act as trustees .' i founding the THE ENCYCLOPEDIA. . 181 institution. These were Byron L. Smith, Edson Keith, Albert J. Averell, C. M. Henderson, George L. Otis, Henry J. Willey, Albert Keep, and Charles Gilman Smith. Albert Keep, formerly president of the North- Western rail- road, is a near relative of the deceased. H. N. Higinbotham was made pres- ident of the institution. This gentleman had been manager of a similar institution at Lake View, and his omission from the list of trustees named by the testatrix was owing to her not having acquaintance with him. These trustees made purchase of a very suitable tract of land ; they have 480 feet on Ellis ave. and 170 feet on Fifty-sixth st. For this they paid $22,000. No architectural display has been attempted in the buildings. They are com- modious and substantial, and so arranged that not a dark or cheerless room can be found throughout. When completed the buildings cost $85,000. Mrs. Peck died in 1884, but, owing to litigation, the home was not completed till March, 1890. Through all these years interest had been accumulating, and after deducting the $107,000 expended upon grounds and buildings there still remained the equivalent of $600,000 in productive real estate and bonds. The interest upon this is more than sufficient to meet all running expenses, and lay by each year a goodly sum, so that, when necessary, additions can be made to the buildings and its facilities enlarged and improved, The main building is five stories high, and extending from it to north and south are wings of four stories. The full capacity is 125. When the Home was opened it took from the smaller institution at Lake View thirty-three incurables, all it had, and that Home was closed. All races are to be received at this institu- tion, which is entirely non-sectarian. When it is possible for the afflicted inmate or his friends to pay a monthly stipend for his support it is accepted, but there are many who come absolutely free. To be eligible, the applicant must be afflicted with some pronounced disease, which is considered incura- ble by the trustees, who are the final judges in the matter. The predominat- ing diseases are paralysis and rheumatism, the first being the more frequent. Those who are so afflicted as not to be able to walk are provided with invalid chairs, which they can propel at pleasure about their rooms or through the long corridors out upon the wide verandas. There are comfortable seats and inviting hammocks and a perspective of lawn and bright flowers which means much to feeble eyes and limbs. There is a parlor upon every floor, where the chairs are wheeled at the will of each occupant. There is a com- modious reading-room, and the men have a smoking-room where they may indulge to their hearts' content in the use of their favorite brands. During the usual visiting hours strangers are always welcome. Home for Self -Supporting Women. Located at 275 and 277 Indiana street. Take Indiana street car. An institution which affords a home for girls and women, whether employed or unemployed, if they are willing to support themselves when occasion offers. A great many women who work outside make this their home. Officers, president, Mrs. James S. Gibbs; treasurer, Mrs. Henry P. Crowell; recording secretary, Miss Mary A. Prescott; corre- sponding secretary, Mrs. W. W. Angue; matron, Mrs. V. P. Smith. 182 GUIDE TO CHICAGO. Home for Unemployed Girls. Located at Market and Elm sts., North Side. Take North Market st. car. This institution is conducted by the Fran- ciscan sisters. Girls temporarily out of employment are cared for here. The charity is a noble one and receives the generous support of Roman Cath- olics. Home for Working Women. Located at 21 S. Peoria street, West Side. Take Madison street cable line. Conducted by the AVorkiug Women's Home Association. The home is one of the youngest of Chicago's many charita- ble works, and the success it has attained has demonstrated that it has filled a place long needed. The home was first opened on the seventeenth of May, 1890, and the building now occupied was then newly painted, papered and furnished throughout. Applications for admission were numerous, many of them being from strangers in the city, and the home is now taxed to its utmost capacity. The aim of those in charge is to furnish a place where no respectable woman, regardless of her nationality or religion, will be refused needed assistance, and to enable those who earn but little to live comfortably and respectably. During the year 1891 fully 600 girls received the benefits of the home. The food is said to be wholesome, well cooked, and there is plenty of it. Every inmate has her own bed, and every room has a closet. The house is heated with steam, and there is hot and cold water on every floor. The directors are anxious that the Home shall be the headquar- ters for all working women, whether they live there or not. Free stationery, reading, sewing and bathing-rooms are at the disposal of all, and a type- writer and piano add to the attractions of the place. The managers are very emphatic that their home is not an institution, but a genuine home in every sense of the word. Officers A. E. Johnson, president; Dr. H. W. Thomas, first vice-president; A. Chaiser, second vice-president; Rev. C. Treider, sec- retary; George P. Bay, treasurer; Dr. Odelia Blinn, medical superintendent; C. R. Matson, counsel. Directors All officers, and Mrs. Dr. Gunsaulus, Miss C. Addie Brown, Rev. A. Hallmer, Alice J. Johnson and Henry L. Hertz. Home for the Frie ndless. Located at 1926 Wabash avenue. Take Wabash avenue cable line. Established in 1858. Officers A. C. Bartlett, president ; F. D. Gray, vice-president ; Mrs. Thomas A. Hill, corresponding secretary ; Mrs. C. Gilbert Wheeler, recording secretary ; W. C. Nichols, treasurer; Miss A. Z. Rexford, superintendent, and Miss E. T. Colburn, assistant superintendent. Average number of inmates about 200. During 1890 there were 1,435 admissions, 1,144 dismissals and 9 deatbs. At the beginning of 1890 there was in the treasury a cash balance of $6,616.90. Of those admitted during 1890, 763 were Protestants, 642 Catholics, and 40 Jews. The largest number received in one month was 182, in October, and the smallest 72, in February. Thirty-two children were surrendered to the home and fifty-eight found homes of adoption. This is one of the most inter- esting charitable institutions in the city. From small beginnings it has grown and prospered until the income of the Home is now about $21,000 per annum, which includes the Crerar bequest. Ten years ago the whole work of the home was conducted in what is now known as the main building, or the north and south wings. Since that time there has been erected, atacostof $35,000, ft part of the generous bequest of Mr. Hobart Taylor, the addition called by THE ENCYCLOPEDIA. 183 his name, which has nearly doubled the capacity of the home. It contains the " Shelter " and bath-room for transient inmates, two laundries, the linen- room, girls' department, including dormitory, bath and store rooms, the infirmary, dispensary and nursery. The records also show that during tne last ten years a procession of 20,167 women and children have passed through these open doors, and here halted for assistance, material and moral, which was offered without distinction of color, race, religion, or language, so long as the applicant seamed to be overborne in the fierce struggle for life. Among the throng hundreds of deserted wives and mothers are included, who fre- quently bring with them their little broods to be cared for in this tranquil nest. The hospitality, including rest, good food, encouragement, sympathy and advice, is freely tendered to all belonging to the class of worthy poor, as specifically laid down in the charter. During the last ten years about 3.400 children, including day scholars, have been enrolled as pupils in the Home School, in which are taught the branches of the primary department and the graded grammar school. In the industrial class, since 1879. about 350 girls, between the ages of 12 and 16, have been taught sewing, housework and elementary cooking, thereby being prepared to earn a respectable living when they go out into the world. Perhaps the most important feature in the general work of the home is the arrangement by which children are adopted who have been neglected or abandoned by their parents. During ten years 734 children have been legally ' ' surrendered " to the home, which has found permanent places for nearly all that number with reputable families. It is stated in the act of incorporation, " The object and purposes of the Chicago Home for the Friendless shall be the relieving, aiding and providing homes for friendless and indigent women and children." The middle-aged women at the home are usually transients. A woman is out of work, or a stranger, and has no money to get a lodging. She makes her way to the Home, where all are received except the unfortunate victim of drink, for whom there is no immediate place but the police station. After admission the new guest is provided with a hot bath, and, if she desires, some clean clothes. She is then givtn a good meal, and, as it is usually at night that such applications are made, she is taken to a comfortable bed. In the morning, after breakfast, she is expected to help during the forenoon with the work of the house, and then she can have the rest of the day to look for employment outside. Sometimes such women stay for a week or two weeks before they find work, and they are made to feel at home during that time. In what is called the "Industrial School," young girls or women who seriously desire to learn are taken, and, while kept as inmates of the home for such time as. would be required, are taught sewing and housekeeping. The children in the home are mostly those who have been abandoned by their parents and picked up by the officers of the Humane Society. They come, of course, in different ways, but criminal neglect by their parents is the usual cause of their suffering. Children under nine months are not received at this institution. But those above that age, up to six or seven years, can be found running around their nurseries and play-rooms with as much vigor and heartiness as if the world belonged to them. When a child first appears at the home, it is the invariable rule that it shall be sent to quarantine quarters, at the top of the building, for fourteen days. There is scarcely ever any sickness in this quarantine, but considering the places from which most of the children are brought, it is considered prudent to isolate them. 184 (J( IDE TO CHICAGO. After the two weeks' purification process, the managers of the institution try to find a permanent home for the waifs, and, if they are not claimed by parents or guardians before six montha, an officer of the home goes before a judge and is appointed the legal guardian. The parents or guardians also may voluntarily surrender all right to a child, after which it becomes the ward of the home, and at the earliest opportunity is placed out with respectable people, on trial for three months. If such trial proves agreeable, both for child and caretakers, the little one is usually adopted and becomes " part of the family." Visitors are always welcome between the hours of 10 A. M. and noon, and 1 and 4 p. M. Home for the Jews. Organized in 1891. Large endowments have been received by this projected institution. It is not yet fully established. The directory is composed of: Mrs. M. A. Meyer, Mrs. Charles H. Schwab, Mrs. H. Klopfer, Mrs. Dora Frank, Mrs. Louis Newberger, Mrs. B. J. David, Mrs. Emma Stern, Mrs. Max Hart, Mrs. Julia Bernheimer, Morris Rosenbaum, Abram Slimmer, Nelson Morris, II. A. Kohn, H. L. Frank, B. Kuppen- heimer, J. Rosenbaum, Simon Mandel, B. Lowenthal, B. Calm, Harry Hart, Moses Born, H. E. Greenbaum, A. Kuh, E. Frankenthal, D. A. Kohn. Home of Industry. Located at 234 and 236 Honore street, West Bide. Take Van Buren street car. William S. Potwin, president; Albert M. Day, treasurer; Charles M. Howe, secretary; B. M. Butler, Albert M. Day, Thomas Kane. William S. Potwin, Charles M. Howe, Mrs. T. B. Carse, Joseph B. Locke and H. J. Coon, directors; A. C. Dodds, superintendent. The Home of Industry was organized by Michael Dunn, a reformed criminal, who had spent over'thirty years of his life in penal institutions all over the world. Dunn's history as a criminal is somewhat interesting. He is a native of Eng- land and was born and reared a criminal. When only seven years old Dunn was first consigned to prison for a petty theft of which he was convicted. Imprisonment seemed to do him no good, and up to the time he was thirty years old be had been confined in prison half a dozen times and had been sent to various English penal settlements, but always returned to his old tricks. Finally, the English government paid his passage to America to get rid of him, and he began in this country the same career that had caused him so much trouble in the land from which he had been driven. He was frequently in pr'son in various parts of the United States, and finally, about ten years ago, after spending almost his entire life in penal servitude in both hemispheres, he became reformed and started out to aid and better the rest of the class which he had left. Dunn is now about sixty years old. He has the look of a criminal, and most people would hardly believe that he could e anything else, but those who know him best and have been brought into contact with him through the founding of these places of refuge do not doubt his complete reformation. When at last Dunn did see "the error of his way, "he conceived the idea of providing homes for discharged crimi- nals, where they might retire till an opportunity was afforded to earn an hon- est living. The first refuge he instituted was in New York. He then went to San Francisco and started another. He then founded the one here in Chi- cago and afterward another in Detroit. There are at present in the Chicago Home of Industry about a dozen convicts. The average term of their retire- ment there is about two weeks. In connection with the institution is a broom factory, where every one who is taken in has to earn his living or do [Engraved for The Standard Guide Company.] "THE TEMPLE" LA SALLE AND MONROE STREET^ [See " Guide."] THE ENCYCLOPEDIA. 185 as much towards it as he can. The Institution is not self-supporting and has to depend quite largely on public charity. Most of the inmates of the place come from Joliet and Michigan City, the nearest prisons to thin city, but the place has been a refuge for prisoners from most every penal institution in the country. Superintendent Dodds usually receives from most oZ the prisons a monthly discharge list. To prisoners Wr> are aoout to ue set at liberty he sends circulars telling of therefugo and u.e advantages to bo found in it. No convicts are received except on recommendation ^f tin rT ardon or chap- lain of the prison in which they were last confined, unless '; 7 con convince the superintendent of a desire to reform and lead a better 1'ue. Everyone who stays there must do something toward his own support, ruid all who enter must work or go elsewhere. The aid and influence of the superintend- ent are extended to all of them who seek honest employment, and any inmate desiring to seek work outside is allowed half a day each. week, or more, at the discretion of the management. The ex-convicts arc not encour- aged to stay, but, on the contrary, are given all possible assistance in finding work outside. The institution enforces a set of rules for the conduct of the inmates of the home. They are required to be particular as to personal cleanliness. Total abstinence from intoxicants has to be observed. Smoking is permitted only in certain places, and profane language is not tolerated. A rising and a breakfast bell are rung, and inmates are required to be in bed at 10 o'clock. Every inmate is charged with the care of his own room, and all are required to attend morning and evening prayers unless excused by the superintendent. Any violation of the rules subjects the offender to immediate dismissal. Only men are received in the home. They are taught wayo of frugality, industry and economy, and most of them are susceptible to those teachings. A record is kept of the life of every man who enters the place, but that record is an inviolable secret to all but the superintendent. After the name of each candidate are made entries about his marital condition, his parentage, his birthplace, his religion, the prison in which he was last confined, the length of his sentence, his education and occupation, the crime for which he was convicted and its cause. A page of Superintendent Dodds' book of record is a most eloquent temperance lecture. Drink has led most of his boarders into trouble, though their detention in prison can be traced back to all kinds of vice. Many of the younger ones assign bad company as the cause of their downfall; others have gambled themselves into theft; still others have been educated as criminals, and a few state that it is their natural inclination to steal. The column of Mr. Dodds' book which keeps the record of all dis- missals from the Home is interesting. In it are to be found such entries as " found good employment as a harness-maker;" "a hypocritical thief, bounced without inercy ; " "found good position, clear case of conversion; " ' ' went out to look for work, lost on the way back ; " " went home to friends;" "put out for lying; " " left to go wandering," and many others of the same kind. Every man is paid for his work in the place from the time he enters, according to the degree of proficiency he has acquired. Many of them turn out well and return to their homes to lead honest lives. Mr. Dodds is con- stantly receiving letters from such men, thanking him for the benefits of the institution. Home of Providence. Located at Calumet ave. and Twenty-sixth St., adjoining Mercy Hospital. Take Cottage Grove cable line. An institution for the care and protection of young women. Conducted by the Sisters of Mercy. Sister Mary M. Angela, superior. 186 GUIDE TO CHICAGO. Home of the Aged. Located at West Harrison and Throop streets. Take West Harrison street car. Conducted by the Little Sisters of the Poor, who depend for the maintenance of the institution entirely upon the alms which they solicit. The building is a veiy large, plain, brick structure arid is gen- erally crowded with inmates, whose ages vary between 60 and 100 years. It is a worthy charity and the Little Sisters, who have a method of seeking alms peculiar to themselves are generally popular among the business people, of the city, who give them liberal Contributions. They never beg, simply stating who and what they are and If an unfavorable response is given they walk silently away, withrut . laldng further appeal. The Little Sisters are a French order. They 1 \ave 'A7O institutions in the city. House of The Good Shepherd. -^Located at North Market and Hill sts. Take Market st. car. Conducted by the Sisters of the Good Shepherd Superior, Mother Plary \ngeliquc. This institution is a haven and a reformatory for fallen women desiring to rise out of their condition, and is one of the most extensive M well ac one of the most useful charities in the city. Hull House. Hull House is the title by which is known a social settle- ment of women established at 335 So. Halsted street Its purpose is to fur- ish an intellectual and social center for the surrounding neighborhood. There is no organization, and the residents pay their own expenses. Miss Culver, the owner of the property, gives the rent, and various friends furnish a small fund for contingent expenses. Mr. Edward Butler has erected a tire-proof art building in which are an art exhibit room, a studio and a station of the free public library. Hull House carries on a free kindergarten composed largely of Italian children. In a separate cottage is a day nursery where mothers, who are obliged to work away from home, may bring their children to be cared for and fed during the day for a charge of five cents each. A well equipped diet kitchen furnishes specially prepared food for the sick, which is sold at the cost of the material, or, if necessary, given away upon recommendation of the visiting district nurse. A free gymnasium is now opfn which is used three evenings in the week by men and boys, and three evenings by women and girls. There are various free afternoon sewing classes for girls, and clubs for small boys, and evening social and literary clubs for girls and young men. Weekly free concerts or lectures are held to which all who vibit the House are invited. Five evenings in the week College Extension courses are given for which a fee of fifty cents per course of twelve weeks is charged. The average number of students in these classes is about "175, while the total average number of persons who visit the House weekly to attend the various classes and clubs is about 800. Margaret Etter C;\' :hc 7%nflergc;'ten. Located at 2356 Wabash avenue. Take Wabash avenue cabb line. Established August 3, 1885. One of the noblest charities in "lie city. cares for the ch'ldren of mothers who are compelled to work owl Jos ~ "r ing. T'xc -ttendance for the five years of the creche's existence show.?- a : ir,r. ;lous ffth-. August, 1885, to October, 1886, 2,136; October 1, 1386, to G'cto: :r 1, 188r. i),C6L ; October 1, 1887, to October 1, 1888, 3,562; October 1, 13d8. to OC;A>*O:: 1, 1 89, 4,253; October 1, 1889, to October 1, 1890, '^,592. But t^e ex ens^" d. not show a commensurate increase, being as follows: First ye*-, 3?.,?l.\48; second year, $1.383.84; third year, $1,375.7 ), fourth year, $1, 9 .5r iiff year, $2,007.16. Besides the day nursery a kindergarten 's carri 1 c -, ?iit it in no way counts on the treasury of the creche. The assistance of charitably-inclined people is necessary to the maintenance of the ;recho. THE ENCYCLOPEDIA. 18t Masonic Orphans' Home. Located at 447 Carroll ave. and Sheldon st. Cares for about thirty children, but has accommodation for about seventy -five, and is supported by voluntary contributions from city and State. Newsboys' and Bootblacks' Home. Located at 1418 Wabash ave. W. H. Rand, president; E. P. Bailey, auditor; H. N. Higinbotham, treasurer; James Frake, secretary ; Eliza W. Bowman, matron. Board of directors : A. C. Bartlett, H. N. Higinbotham, Wm. H. Rand, James Frake, FrankP. Lef- fingwell, A. P. Millar, Edward P. Bailey, J. K. Stearns, Melville E. Stone, Wm. K. Ackerman. Lady managers : Mrs. T. W. Baxter, Mrs. M. E. Stone, Mrs. M. E. Clark, Mrs. Jas. Frake, Mrs. J. L. Lombard, Mrs. A. P. Millar, Miss Abbey Pierce, Mrs. Robt. A. Williams, Mrs. J. C. Stirling. Take Wabash avenue cable line. This institution has been in existence over twenty-three years. It had its inception in the Chicago Industrial School from which a charter was obtained in 1867, theincorporators being Jonathan Burr, John V. Farwell, William Blair, William E. Doggett, J. Y. Scammon, C. G. Wicker, Eli Bates, Philo Carpenter, J.S. Reynolds and E.F. Dickinson. This industrial school was very soon merged into the home and was the first movement to assist helpless street children in Chicago. The object of the institution is "to provide a good Christian hcme for newsboys and boot- blacks and other unprotected homeless boys. Also to aid them in finding homes and employment in either city or country." While the doors of the home have always been open and a requestfor shelter and food has been all thnt was necessary to obtain admittance, in order to foster independence and self-help the small sum of 15c. is charged for supper, breakfast and lodging. If, however, a boy is not able to pay " banner," as all charges for entertain- ment are called by street boys, he is still entertained. Provision is made for destitute boys by giving them work and small amount of money for starts by which they are able to earn what is required for their immediate living expenses. The Newsboys' Appeal, a small paper published in the interests of the Home, giving inside news, etc. Although the Home is not entirely self-supporting, there is no soliciting done in its interests. Previous to the fire, a lot on Quincy street was given to the Home upon which a small building was erected. After the fire, through the assistance of the Relief and Aid Society, a brick building was built, which, together with the lot, was later sold to Marshall Field & Co. for commercial purposes for $50,000. The directors bought the present location out of the amount and the balance Is used for current expenses. The rules of the institution are simple, and are onlysuch as are necessary to the well-being of the boys and a wise, kindly, personal interest is taken in every boy who is sheltered there although they are constantly coming and going, and an average of something more than a thousand are entertained each year. A careful record of every boy who is taken into the institution Is kept, together with as much of his history as can be obtained, and these records are replete with the pathetic results of human selfishness. No insignificant number of these boys have parents living who are comfortably off, but, hav- ing been divorced, each has married again, and with one accord refused to care for their child, who, of ton at a tender age, was obliged to shift for him- self, and so drifted into this haven for destitute, forsaken boys. There are others who have never knowjn their parents, and still others whose parents are drunken, shiftless, ' ' ne'er-do-wells," and a few who have run away from 188 GUIDE TO CHICAGO. home for one cause or another. These last are induced, if possible, to return to their homes, and their parents are communicated with, but no boy is refused shelter and food, whatever the cause for which he stands in need of it. There is a night school four evenings in a week from 7:30 to 9 o'clock which the boys are required to attend, and, where it is deemed advisable, other instruction is provided. The institution is intended for a temporary home, the chief aim being to provide permanent employment for the boys who come there from all parts of the world. The management of the Home co-operates with the Humane Society and other kindred organizations, and in this way keeps pretty thoroughly informed in regard to homeless boys. Miss Eliza W. Bowman, who has been the matron of the Home for the past seven years, is a person admirably fitted for the difficult position which she fills with apparent ease and with satisfaction to all concerned. She is in hearty sympathy with the boys, and believes unswervingly that a good and useful life is possible to most of them. It was through an experiment tried by Miss Bowman that a somewhat new departure is being carried out at the Home. She found that the larger boys are often in a more unfortunate con- dition than the smaller ones, and that often their greatest need is means to get on while they are making a start. She therefore resolved to undertake herself to make several of these boys presentable, assist them in getting places to work and furnish them funds, as a loan, until such time as they should be paid for their work. The boys proved honest and industrious, with scarcely an exception, and the plan was a success. Miss Bowman reported the result of her experiment to the managing board, which approved this method of assisting the boys and made it a part of the work of the Home. In this con- nection Miss Bowman makes an interesting statement which is full of hope for the philanthropist. She says that when once a boy has become self- supporting and has tasted the pleasure of honest independence he is rarely ever willing again to take to the street life which, as a rule, he is obliged to adopt in his early struggle for existence. The Home, which is located at 1418 '''abash avenue, is one of the few places where a boy can go to make himself tidy and get a clean shirt, If need be, in the city. The dean shirt is always on call, and partly worn garments of this kind are accepted with enthusiasm at the Home. Indeed, Miss Bowman prefers the shirt which has been worn, as one that is quite new the boys are likely to sell for what they can get for it, as when they first come to the Home they are quite likely to consider it an extravagance to wear anything which can be exchanged for money. Odd Fellows' Orphans' Home. Located at Lincoln, 111., 156 miles south of Chicago. Take Chicago & Alton or Illinois Central train This is an insti- tution forthe orphan children, male and female, of Odd Fellows. Buildings erected on a site presented by citizens of Lincoln. Corner-stone laid April 26, 1891. Old People's Home. Indiana ave. and Thirty-ninth st. Take Indiana ave. car on Wabash ave. cable line. Founded about thirty years ago by a humble seamstress, who resided on Third ave. She had accumulated a little money and bought her a home. She found hen-elf growing old, and belong- ing to that respectable legion designated " the old maids," without immediate family, conceived the laudable idea of establishing some institution or home THE ENCYCLOPEDIA. 189 that would assist in alleviating the sorrows and sufferings she saw about her. This ambition she laid before her pastor, the Rev. Dr. Boyd, and acting under his advice a home was established for the care of indigent old ladies. They first occupied a small frame house near the home of this kind-hearted woman. She was made matron and Dr. Boyd first president. It was not long until the public was interested in Samantha Smith and her humble charity. Find- ing after the first few years the cramped quarters of so small a house inade- quate, Miss Smith gave up her own more commodious dwelling, together with its entire furnishings, for the uses of the institution, and its charges were transferred thereto without delay. Miss Smith continued for some years longer as matron and then, for reasons not explained, retired from the duties. From Third ave. the Old Ladies' Home removed to Indiana ave., near Twenty- sixth St., where it occupied an old frame building for several years. After the great fire it received from the Relief and Aid Society the sum of $50,000, which was used as the nucleus of a building fund, and the latter part of 1873 found them established in their present commodious home. Later on the vacant lots between them and the corner of Thirty-ninth st. were purchased, thus adding 158x100 feet to their property. This donation from the Relief and Aid Society was given under the conditions that the name should be changed to read ' ' The Old People's Home," and indigent old gentlemen were to be admitted as well as ladies, the Relief and Aid Society to have control of twenty rooms for the benefit of its own pi* eges. Old gentlemen have never as yet been admitted, although it was intended, some time ago, to build at the north end of the home building a wing or addition especially for them. The management does not consider this idea feasible, however, and the old gentlemen's home will be located farther out, where they may have vegetable and flower gardens and trees and plants to cultivate. This institution, in common with many others of our city charities, is an heir of the late John Crerar and receives by his munificence an addition of $50,000 to their funds. There are at present sixty-eight inmates, so that the capacity is very nearly reached. The rooms pertaining to the Relief and Aid Society are always occu- pied, admittance to them being absolutely free. Of all other inmates an ad- mission fee of $300 is charged, the applicant being required to furnish her own room. They first enter upon six months' probation, and if the board of managers for any reason should not deem it expedient to make them perma- nent inmates the -honorarium or admission fee paid will be returned, less $3 per week for each week she has been an inmate. Each applicant is visited at her abiding place by a special committee, and all particulars of her needs and deserts investigated before her application is brought before the board of managers. Applicants admitted must be absolutely eligible in every particu- lar. She must be at least 45 years of age and of good character, and must be able to show that she has no adequate means of support ; she must have been a resident of Chicago for the two previous years, and if she has children who are able to support her she can not be admitted. While the rules governing the domestic life of the home are of necessity enforced upon all alike, they are so kindly intentioned th at obedience sits but lightly upon the reasoning member who appreciates the perfect harmony the regulations insure. Yet the man- agement of sixty-eight old people, whose habits and natures are their own and unchangeable, is quite different from governing an institution given over to children, whose plastic minds conform easily to environment. It is quite singular that the youngest matron in the city should be found in charge of the oldest people. 190 GUIDE TO CHICAGO. Pioneer Aid and Support Association. This society was organized to support the families of those executed for participation In the Haymarket massacre and those who are now at Joliet. School for Deaf and Dumb. Located at 409 May street, West Side. Con- ducted by the religious of the Holy Heart of Mary and supported by the Eph- pheta Society; Mrs. John Cudahy, president. Following are the directresses: Mesdames John Cudahy, R. P. Travers, N. S. Jones, W. F. McLaughlin, Starr, J. B. Sullivan, James Eagle, Thomas Duffy, J. J. Egan, M. Cudahy, McLaughlin, J.A. Mulligan, J. H. Drury, J. B. Inderrieden, Z. P. Brosseau, W. A. Amberg, M. Shields, E. A. Matthiessen, James Walsh, A. W. Green, M. Sullivan, F. Henrotin, Morris Sellers, W. J. Quan, Thos. Lonergan, W. P. Rend. The average number of deaf mutes in the school is about fifty, and four experienced teachers are employed. Mrs. John Cudahy has devoted a great deal of her time to this noble charity, as have also the other ladies named. Servite Sisters' Industrial Home for Girls. Located at 1396 W. Van Buren street. Take Van Buren street car or Madison street cable line. An insti- tution for the care, protection and training of girls who have no homes or homes unfit for them. Conducted by the Servile Sisters of Mary. Superior, Mother Mary Francis. Soldiers' Home Fund. This fund amounts to about $70,000 and is the bal- ance left from the result of the great Sanitary Fair held in Chicago during the early part of the war. With the money then raised was established a soldiers' rest or home, where troops going to the front from the Northwest might be fed, and, if necessary, housed. It was a hospital, too, for the wounded and sick who came back from the campaigns they had made. The first home was in an old hotel at No. 75 Randolph street. The association was incorporated and bought property at Thirty-fifth street and the lake, where the Roman Catholic Orphan Asylum now stands. Here a house was built. Ladies canvassed the city for $1 subscriptions and raised a large sum in this way. Mrs. Bristol, who is still one of the leading spirits of the associa- tion, canvassed the whole of the North Side, then a series of scattering vil- lages. The Thirty -fifth street property was sold, a block bought in South Evanston, and a house built with part of the proceeds of the sale. Some of the money was loaned on property on the North Side, and the rest on a block on State street, near Archer avenue. The mortgages on both pieces of prop- erty had to be foreclosed, and the association still owns the State street prop- erty. That on the North Side was sold, and the money is now loaned out at interest. When the Government had established soldiers' homes there was no longer a necessity for maintaining the one here. The property was therefore sold and the proceeds converted into a relief fund. This fund has remained intact. It has not increased, because its entire revenue has been expended in relieving those who were worthy of relief. Not one dollar of the fund has ever been devoted to any other purpose, except that annually $100 is paid for the use of a room in which to disburse the money and for the services of a clerk. The officers of the association have not made a charge of even so much as five cents for street-carfare, although they regularly and systematically visit their pensioners and devote much time and labor to their work. Each month they pay out about $800, the number of recipients of their bounty varying from sixty to seventy-five. THE ENCYCLOPEDIA. 191 The first president of the board of managers was T. B. Bryan. He still occupies this office. Mrs. L. H. Bristol, who disburses the fund, also enlisted in 1861, and has not yet been mustered out. Mrs. William H. Myrick and Mrs. Dr. Blain, of Hyde Park, are the only other members of the first board who still hold their positions. The treasurer of the fund is Mrs. J. S. Lewis. Other members of the board of managers are Mrs. Brayman, Mrs. Dr. Ham- mell, Miss Blakey, Mrs. Myra Bradwell, Justice Brad well, General Bever- idge. and Mr. Henry Bacon, the secretary. The first Saturday of every month Mrs. Bristol, the disbursing officer of the board, goes to the roomscif the Chicago Relief and Aid Society to hold her reception . She finds waiting for her a room full of the expectant callers. As they come in they are given numbered tickets fixing the order in which they shall go to the table behind a screen and receive from Mrs. Bristol the $2, $5, or $10, or whatever sum the case calls for. Very few receive as much as $10. St. Joseph's Asylum for Boys. Located on Crawford avenue, between W. Diversy street and Belmont avenue. Take Milwaukee avenue car. St. Joseph's Home. Located at 409 S. May street, West Side. Take Blue Island avenue or Twelfth street car. The principal object of this institution is to afford a protecting home for respectable young girls out of employment, until such time as suitable positions are secured for them, either as domes- tics, sales ladies, cashiers, book-keepers, librarians, etc. The terms for board are regulated according to the accommodations required, ranging in price from $2 to $5 per week. There are a number of private rooms in the build- ing, affording nice accommodationsto thoseyoung ladies who are employed in various occupations down town and who appreciate the quiet rest their retreat here affords them after the labors and bustle of the day. The building affords accommodations for over 200 persons and is most conveniently and comfortably arranged. Ladies who remain here find accommodations superior to those afforded in hotels at a very high figure, not- at all taking into consideration the home-like quietness they enjoy, and the many spiritual advantages besides. The institution is self-supporting. St. Joseph's Female Orphan Asylum. His Grace, the Most Reverend Archbishop, gives this institution his especial attention. It is conducted by the Sisters of the Congregation of St. Joseph, whose mother home is in South St. bouis, Mo. Since 1871, it is located on Thirty-fifth street and Lake avenue, and was founded in 1864. From the inception, the management has not ceased to carry out its true object; that of training and educating destitute, homeless children. The average number of inmates is 220. The asylum has no endow- ments and nothing in the treasury; and it is only by the most pinching econ- omy that the Sisters are enabled to make both ends meet. To the generosity of Archbishop Feehan and a few benefactors who give constant assistance, the institution derives its main support. The children, as is usually under- stood, have been deprived of one or both parents, and are dependent on the charitable for their instruction and happiness. In order to prepare the chil- dren for a life of usefulness, the Sisters endeavor to train them in household economy, which will enable them to be successful and happy in whatever station of life they may have to fill. The duty in asslstingin different parts of the house is assigned to each child according to her age. These duties are 192 GUIDE TO CHICAGO. changed occasionally, giving eveiy child by this means a knowledge of the necessity of order, cleanliness, economy and care in different kinds of house- work. Their work consists of washing dishes sweeping and dusting in dor- mitories, refectory, kitchen, halls, staircases and laundry. They also have every afternoon several sewing classes. The larger girls learn to make their dresses and other industries, the second size make the underwear for their use and mend their clothes. Being taught to sew, they are furnished a means for the future by which they can save their earnings by doing their own sewing. Another source of improvement and recreation is the library, which contains a number of volumes and is open to their use on Sunday. When a child is received, she is immediately taken to the bath-room, where she is thoroughly bathed and supplied with clean garments. A number is given her, whichshe will find on every article for her use, that she may thus distinguish her comb, towel, handkerchiefs, hose, books, etc., from those used by her companions. Those who bring their own clothing to the institution are allowed to wear it. The children are frequently adopted by good families or are sent out into others to work, while it is understood that they are to be reared in a respect- able manner. A glance into the daily routine will probably give a better idea of the management of the institution. At 5:30 o'clock A. M. a sister awakens the children, who are to assist at Mass celebrated in the asylum, which commences about 6;20 o'clock. Shortly after Mass they repair to the refectory for breakfast. After breakfast all go to the different duties which have been assigned them, in the dormitories, school rooms, play room, etc. Tne younger children go directly to the wash room, where they are combed, washed and have their clean aprons put on for school. The whole house is swept and dusted every day, the children performing this task under the supervision of the Sisters, who lend their assistance and teach them to per- form their work neatly and thoroughly. Great promptitude and diligence are necessary, that all may be finished at the first school bell, which rings at 8:30 o'clock. At the first bell, the children who have been assisting in the different departments are sent to the wash-room to make their toilets and change aprons for school. At 9 o'clock the second bell rings for the line to form, and all are expected to repair to their various classes, when lessons are began. Following is the order of school exercises: Sixth grade Christian Doc- trine, Speller, Dictionary, Grammar, Geography, Fifth Reader, Practical and Mental Arithmetic. Fifth grade Christian Doctrine, Speller, Diction- ary, Grammar, Geography, United States History, Bible History, Fourth Reader, Practical and Mental Arithmetic. Fourth gtade Catechism, Speller, Third Reader, Practical and Mental Arithmetic. Third grade Catechism, Spelling, Second Reader, and Mental Arithmetic, Penmanship, Drawing from objects and Singing included. At 4 o'clock classes are dismissed, and the children play again until sup- per time, and at 7:30 o'clock they go to bed. A Sister accompanies them and remains with them. The children are never left alone, day or night, the Sis- ters sleeping in their dormitories. Sister Mary Matilda is Superioress. St. Joseph's Providence Orphan Asylum. Situated near Pennock station, on the Chicago, Milwaukee & St. Paul railway. Take train at Union depot, Canal and Adams streets, West Side. The building stands on a slight emi- nence in the midst of a farm of forty acres. The interior arrangements of the asylum are on a par with the advantages of space and pure air. The THE ENCYCLOPEDIA. 193 largeclass-roorais well lighted and ventilated and each boy has a neat desk. A part of the curriculum Is devoted to calisthenic exercises and each day the bright looking youngsters swing the dumb bells and bar bells to enlivening tunes. Down in the refectory the boys sit at long tables, where good food and plenty of it is served out to them by the Sisters of St. Joseph. Soup, meat, vegetables, bread and milk are given out, not in limited quantities. Meat twice a day is the rule for the 180 American boys of all .denominations. The dormitories are capacious halls, filled with iron bedsteads, covered with blankets and comforters. The whole house is heated by steam and has all the modern improvements. St. Paul's Borne for Newsboys. Located at 359, 361, 363 W. Jackson st. An institution devoted to the care and training of working boys, newsboys and waifs of Chicago. It is under Catholic auspices, but receives boys of any denomination, regardless of religious belief. It has a large number of boys in charge. Rev. D. S. A. Mahony, director. Uhlich Evangelical Lutheran Orphan Asylum. Organized 1867 by some ladies connected with St. Paul's church. Incorporated 1869. First cared for, only a few children in a small cottage, corner of La Salle avenue and Ontario street. A larger building on Clark street, between Garfield and "Webster avenues, was rented later on, but this was swept away by the great fire. The orphans were then brought, to the Lake View school for shelter. Afterwards the "Chicago Nursery and Half Orphan Asylum," 175 Burling street, took the children up and boarded them. The ladies had saved up about $8,000, and the Chicago Aid and Relief Society contributed $20,750. and they bought twelve lots on Burling and Centre streets, where the present building was erected during the fall and winter of 1872-73. This edifice received a brick addition in the summer of 1889. The trustees are: Mr. Wm. Knoke, president; Mr. John L. Diez, treasurer; Mr. John Baur, secretary; Rev. R. A. John, F. W. Forch, Wm. Schick, Wm. Keller, Jakob Huber, Conrad Furst, trustees; superintendent, Geo. Zeising; matron, Mrs. Dora Zeising. Waifs' Mission. Located at 44 State street, Taylor E. Daniels, superin- tendent. The object of the mission is the care of homeless boys, notably those who are abandoned to the streets by their parents or other relatives. Directors: Messrs. Walter Q. Gresham, Richard S. Tuthill, B. F. Hagaman, J. Irving Pearce, F. E. Brown, B. F. Lighter, W. H. Cowles, A. H. Revell, J. Harley Bradley, Lester C. Hubbard, and T. E. Daniels. Advisory Board : Messrs. George M. Pullman, Ferd. W. Peck, De Witt C. Cregier, W. Penn Nixon, C. M. Henderson, Joseph R. Dunlop, W. G. Beale, G. F. Swift, John R. Wilson, W. J. Chalmers, R. R. Cable, Marvin Hughitt, Lyman J. Gage, C. T. Yerkes, William Deering, T. W. Harvey, E. W. Gillett, George E. Marshall, J. M. Longenecker, T. B. Blackstone, D. K. Pearsons, and Potter Palmer. During the eleven months ending Jan. 1, 1892, the statistics of the Mission show the following : Six hundred and twenty -eight boys were admit- ted to the home, of whom 419 received temporary board and lodging. The average attendance at the Sunday-school was 570, and there were 326 religious services held. During the eleven months 80,000 free meals, 16,860 free beds, and 7,809 free baths were given, while over 17,000 articles of clothing were distributed. In the Police Courts the cases of 840 boys were attended to, which resulted in 469 discharges, forty-four sent to the Waifs' Mission, nine 194 GUIDE TO CHICAGO. sent home, 135 fined, and 130 fined but execution stayed on promise of bet- ter behavior. Only twenty were held to the Criminal Court, and thirty-two cases were continued. Among the sick and poor 1,686 visits and investiga- tions weie made, and relief afforded as far as possible. The average number of boys enrolled in the day school was forty-nine, while the attendance aver- aged 78 per cent., a remarkably good showing for street children. Employ- ment and permanent homes were found for 188 boys. The work done in 1890 by the mission was summarized as follows : There were 80,690 free meals fur- nished to hungry children; 15,630 free beds; 3,593 free baths, and 1,100 hair- cuts were given. In clothing the naked, 16,000 garments were given out, besides many pairs of shoes, and much mending done gratis. The superin- tendent appeared before the justices in 929 cases of boys and girls charged with crime or misdemeanor of which 569 were discharged, 114 executions stayed, 122 fined, 64 continued, 44 held to the criminal court (14 afterwards liberated), 16 sent home (runaways), Fifty-six boys were placed in employ- ment, and homes were found for 26 others. Among the sick and poor 2,254 investigations were made, while 896 subsequent visits wtre made in these cases and assistance was given. Of sick and homeless boys 22 were nursed and 44 were sent to hospitals. There were 168 religious services held. The total cash expenditure was $7,349.27, including rent, salaries, heat and light, and all other expenses. Of this income $2,507.01 represents the profits earned by the American Youth, a boys' weekly paper published by the mission. . In this connection the report shows that the superintendent, in addi- tion to his other duties, earned $1,009.25 in cash, or over half of his salary, by the advertising secured by him for the paper, the amount being calculated on the basis of the percentage paid the regular advertising solicitor. The report expatiates at some length on the printing plant, worth $2,500, which has been secured, and in which the boys are taught the printers' art while incidentally ' ' setting up " the paper or ' ' kicking "jobs off the presses. The statement is made that this is the most successful manual training so far attempted among the waifs and the only form of trade-learning that seems to hold their sustained interest. TKAINING SCHOOL FOR WAIFS. Branch in connection with the Waif's Mission. Not sufficiently ad vanced at this date to determine whether or not it will be a success. Young Ladies' Charity Circle. A band of sixteen young ladies of the West Side who give entertainments for the benefit of charitable institutions. They have no stated place of meeting. The officers of the circle are: Presi- dent, Miss Birdie Lewinsohn; vice-president, Miss Annie Gerber; secretary, Miss Belle Davis; treasurer, Mrs. Eva Davis. The other members are: Misses Bessie and Annie Stolofsky, Eva Lerber, Sara Paradise, Mollie Lew- insohn.'Ray Zohn, Miss Lipsky, Miss Uphert, Lena Barnett, Miss Goodkind, Ray Nevens, Hattie Grosberg. Young Men's Hebrew Charity Association. One of the most active and useful chaiitable organizations in Chicago. The ball given by this associa- tion at the Auditorium early in the present year netted $14,000, or $2,000 more than any of its predecessors. This money was divided among the charities of Chicago as follows : Michael Reese Hospital, $6,000 ; Jewish Training School of Chicago, $4,000 ; Y. M. H. C. A. Labor Bureau, $1,000 ; Contribution toward salary of superintendent of Labor Bureau, $300 ; Exe- cutive Committee in Aid of Russian Refuges, $750 ; Library of the Michael THE ENCYCLOPEDIA. 195 Reese Hospital, $100 ; Truant Aid Society, $100 ; Policemen's Benevolent Fund, $100 ; Firemen's Benevolent Fund, $1(0; Chicago Charity Hospital, $200 ; Alexian Brothers' Hospital, $100 ; St. Elizabeth's Hospital, $100 ; Provident Hospital and Training School Association, $100 ; Chicago Hospital for Women and Children, $100 ; Altenheim, $100 ; Home for the Friendless, $100. CHRISTIAN ORGANIZATIONS. Church societies are referred to elsewhere. The following are the lead- ing Christian organizations of a general character in the city: Bible Institute. The Bible Institute for home and foreign missions of the Chicago Evangelization Society, which is a training school for evangelists and other Christian workers, is situated Ladies' Department, 228-232 La Salle avenue, next door to Moody's Church, Chicago avenue, and Men's Department and Class Rooms, 80 West Pearson street, between La Salle avenue and Wells street. Take Wells street or North Clark cable lines. Dwight L. Moody is the founder and president. There are about one hun- dred students of the bible in the Men's Department, and about fifty women. In the musical department over five hundred students are enrolled, but these are largely in evening classes. The object of the Institute is to give to men and women especially those who have not had the advantages of higher education, and who would otherwise, in many cases at least, be deprived of special instruction in various lines of Christian work that knowledge and skill in the use of the Word, which will fit them to do efficient missionary and evangelistic work. More than three hundred have already gone out and are now engaged in work as pastors' assistants, missionaries, Sunday-school missionaries, preaching and singing evangelists, lay helpers, pastors, church visitors, etc. The demand for workers far exceeds the supply. The teaching is done not only by those regularly connected with the Institute, but by eminent men from all parts of America and Great Brit&in. Bible Institute. The Bible Institute or Training School for Evangelists is situated next door to Moody's Chicago Avenue Church, Chicago avenue and La Salle street. Take North Clark or Wells Street cable lines. From this institute Daniel Moody, the evangelist, draws his assistant workers. There are about seventy students of the Bible in the men's department con- stantly and about half as many women. The object of the institute is to give to men largely those who have not had the advantages of higher education, and who would otherwise, in many cases, at least, be deprived of special instruction in lines of Christian work that knowledge and skill in the use of the Word as will fit them the better to do missionary and evangelistic work. Not a few are in training as lay helpers, pastors' assistants and sing- ing evangelists, and the school is but one evidence of the new aggressiveness of the Church to match the modern aggressiveness of the World. Central W. C. T. U. of Chicago. Headquarters 161 La Salle street. In addition to the general work of this association it conducts the Bethesda Mission, 606 South Clark street, with which is connected a day nursery, kindergarten, Sunday-school, kitchen garden, free medical dispensary, relief work and gospel meetings; the Talcott Day Nursery, 169 West Adams street, with which is connected a day nursery, a kindergarten and an industrial 196 G-UlDE fO CHICAGO. school; the Anchorage Mission, 125 Third avenue; the Hope Mission and Reading School, 166 North Halsted street; the Bethesda Inn, 408 South Clark street, and the W. C. T. U. restaurant, 69 East Washington street. The president is Mrs. M. B. Carse; first vice-president, Mrs. J. B. Hobbs; recording secretary, Mrs. E. P. Howell; treasurer, Mrs. C. G. Davis. The board of mana- gers is as follows MesdamesM. B. Carse, J. B. Hobbs, E. P. Howell, E. War- ner, N. Norton, G. Bagley, G. Shipman, H. V. Reed, A. Bond, L. A. Hagans, I.Jones, L. R. Hall, E. P. Vail, C. Goodman, U. Bruun, M. J. Haywood, H. J. Berry, W. E. Kelley, L. M. Quine,C. E. Bigelow, T. D.Wallace, D. Fuller, Dr. Winter, C. G. Davis, E. Trapp, C. B. S. Wilcox, H. R. Smith, M. W. Mabbs, C. C. Lake, Miss Helen L. Hood. The missions, nurseries, kindergartens, etc., of the W. C.T. U., are all doing a splendid work in Chicago; so, also, Is the association'ssupervision of the work of the policematrons at the several stations. The treasurer's report for the year ending March, 1890, showed: Balance in treasury March 20, 1889, $2.92; receipts to March 20, 1890, $7,147.14; total, $7,150.06; expenditures to March 20, 1890, $7,113.36; balance in treasury March 20, 1890, $7,150.06. The object of the W. C. T. U., as stated in the constitution of the association, is to plan and carry forward measures which will, with the blessing of God, result in the suppression of intemperance in our midst, and the highest moral and spiritual good of those needing reform; and to this end to provide and maintain permanent buildings, rooms and accommodations for the devotional, business and social meetings of the asso- ciation, and to sustain and carry forward the mission and general work for the suppression of intemperance and for moral reform, and to encourage and aid such work in general by individual and auxiliary societies and associa- tions. (See " National W. C. T. U." and ".W. C. T. U. Building.") Chicago Bible Society. Depository and office, 89, 115 Dearborn street. Officers President, N. S. Bouton; first vice-presdent, H. W. Dudley; second vice-president, Cyrus H. McCormick; treasurer, C. H. Mulliken; correspond- ing secretary, T. B. Carter; general secretary and agent, Rev. J. A. Mack; auditor, C. W. Pritchard; business committee, N. S. Bouton, J. W. Farlin, H. W. Dudley, C. H. Mulliken, and Rev. J. A. Mack. Bible-work business committee : Mrs. Mark Ayres, Miss E. Dwyer, corresponding secretaries; Mrs. L. A. L. Shute, secretary, 49 S. Ada street. Christian Endeavor Society of Cook County. President, P. F. Chase; gen- eral secretary, Otto Buehlman. There are five divisions in the county, as follows Hyde Park, Oak Park, Q. Division, which takes in thirteen socie- tieslocated on the lineof the Chicago, Burlington &Quincy Railroad; North- western Division, which includes the societies located not alone on the North- western road, but also those on the Chicago, Milwaukee & St. Paul, eight all told; and the Evanston Division. Each of these divisions is In charge of a secretary. The societies of the different divisions frequently hold sociables, prayer meetings, etc. The reportfor last year shows an increaseof 13 junior societies and 24 elder societies since the last convention, which makes a total of 154 societies, when last year there were only 117. The membership one year ago was 4, 000, to-day it can boast of nearly 7,000. The first society was organized in the Williston church, Portland, Me., February 2, 1881, and in June last there were 11,013 societies, with a mem- bership of 660,000. It has principally to do with younepeople, and the fact of such immense progress as the above figures show willbe sufficient to enlist THE ENCYCLOPEDIA. 197 the interest of all people who have any care for the coming generation of men. The following is the statistical division of Chicago unions: UNIONS. Societies. Active members. Associate members. Total mem- bership. North Side 8 285 52 337 South Side 11 519 51 670 West Side (northern) 6 151 20 170 West Side (southern) 17 6,17 187 814 12 455 136 591 8 262 118 380 Northwestern , 9 218 102 3?0 Oak Park 8 213 . 65 278 "Q " 10 316 86 402 Engrlewood . 9 299 116 415 Hyde Park .. 12 396 173 569 Total . 110 3,740 1,106 4816 The Cook County union is thorough in its organization and discipline, and serves well to show the workings of the society. The cosmopolitan and liberal Christian spirit of the union are also better illustrated here than in smaller places, for here the workings maybe seen in many different denomi- nations of Christians and in many tongues. The visiting feature of the union is a great source of knowledge and is resulting in much good. Churches near and far which knew little or nothing of each other are becom- ing acquainted. National W. 0. T. U. Headquarters. The National W. C. T. U. head- quarters are at present located in the suburb of Evanston, twelve miles from the city. Take train at Wells Street depot, Wells and Kinzie streets, or at Union depot, Adams and Canal streets. The headquarters will probably remain at this place until the completion of the Temperance Temple in the city. Miss Frances Willard, president of the National W. C. T. U., resides at Evanston, as do also Mrs. Caroline B. Buell and Miss Esther Pugh, officers of the Union. The rooms are on Davis street, only a short walk from the railroad stations. Young Men's Christian Association. Organized in the year 1858. Office of General Board of Managers located at 148 Madison street. Officers John V. Farwell, Jr., president; Cyrus H. McCormick, first vice-president; H. M. Hubbard, second vice-president; James L. Houghteling, treasurer; H. M. Starkey, M. D., recording secretary; J. H. Bradshaw, R. W. Hare, E. Burritt Smith, John H. Leslie, A. B. Mead, N. S. Davis, Jr., M. D., C. C. Chapman, John C. Grant, Seymour Walton, A. Kurz, W. I. Midler, F. M. Buck, D. W. Potter, F. S. Osborne, W. G. Sherer; L. Wilbur Messer, general secretary; W. T. Hart, assistant-general secretary. Board of Trustees S. M. Moore, president; A. L. Coe, vice-president; E. G. Keith, secretary and treasurer; John V. Farwell, N. S. Bouton, Cyrus H. McCormick, A. G. Lane, George M. High, B. F. Jacobs, Orrington'Lunt, H. E. Sargent. MADISON STREET DEPARTMENT, 148 Madison street. Committee of Man- agement H. M. Hubbard, chairman; D. W. Potter, vice chairman; Frank 198 GUIDE TO. CHICAGO. Milligaii, secretary ;L. A. Trowbridge, John V. Farwell, Jr.,R. W. Hare, J. 6. Morris, Geo. L. Wrenn, A. P. White, J. 8. Lane, MaxBaird, R. F. Goldsmith, Frederick T. West, Thos. R. Lyras, J.E. Defebaugh, Seymour Walton; Daniel Sloan, department secretary; L. E. Buell, W. A. Sunday, C. E. Hillis, H. W. Mixsell, A. F. Lee, E.R. Wilson, W. C. Beede, J. C. Maltby, assistant secre- taries; E. L. Hayford, M. D., physical director; L. B. Smith, assistant physical director. Among the numerous privileges offered by this department to young men, & r e> gymnasium, bath rooms, parlors, recreation and reading rooms, educa- tional classes, lectures and entertainments, practical talks, religious meetings, Bible-training classes, etc. The rooms are very cosily and attractively furnished. The reading room is an attractive, well-lighted and cheerful room, sup- plied with easy chairs. The papers are conveniently arranged in racks. Members will find regularly filed the leading daily, weekly, secular and religious newspapers, together with publications on science, art, mechanics, education, architecture, etc. This room contains also a spacious and com- fortable writing-table, and all needed material for writing can be had upon application. The library tables are covered with choice literary, illustrated, scientific and humorous periodicals. The library contains dictionaries, cyclopedias, and a large collection of books on history, travel, poetry, biog- raphy, fiction, science and theology. Books of special interest and import- ance to young men will be suggested to members upon application to the assistant secretary. The parlor is supplied with comfortable chairs, is taste- fully arranged, and is intended for conversation, reading, leisure, or musical pastime. The amusement room is supplied with numerous games of skill, such as chess, checkers, crokinole, faba baga, base ball, croquet, authors, etc. The large variety of games will provide for a number of members at a time. WEST SIDE DEPARTMENT, Paulina and Madison Street, A. D. Mackay, department secretary. Gymnasium, bath rooms, membeis' parlors, recrea- tion and reading rooms, educational classes, entertainments and lectures, prac- tical talks and religious meetings. The rooms of the department are furnished very attractively. SOUTH CHICAGO DEPARTMENT, 9140-9142 Commercial Avenue, Thomas Ratcliffe, department secretary. Large and finely-equipped gymnasium, with new tub and shower-baths, reading room, recreation room and parlor- lectures, entertainments and socials, practical talks and religious meetings. RAVENSWOOD DEPARTMENT, Ravenswood, 111., R. J. Bennett, chairman; L. B. Moore, department secretary. Gymnasium, bowling alleys, bath- rooms, lectures and entertainments, practical talks, receptions, religious meetings, Bible-training classes and other privileges. This department occu- pies a new building valued at $15,000, which has been but recently dedicated, and all of its appointments and furnishings are of the finest and most home- like order. Its supervision is under a committee of management, composed of the leading resident and business men of Ravenswood. PULLMAN DEPARTMENT, Pullman, 111. Gymnasium, bath rooms, parlor, religious meetings, Bible training classes and other privileges. GARFIELD BOULEVARD RAILROAD DEPARTMENT, Garfield Boulevard and Tracy Avenue, C. H. Smith, chairman; John G. Percy, department secre- tary. Gymnasium, bath rooms, bowling alley, reading room, religious meet- ings, Bible-training classes, and other privileges especially designed for rail- THE ENCYCLOPEDIA. 199 road men. This department occupies a building of its own, with modern and home-like appointments, having its membership principally among railroad men of that section of the city. KINZIE STREET RAILROAD DEPARTMENT, Kinzie and Canal Streets, E. H. Duff, chairman; William Cook, department secretary. Reading room, parlor, bath room, receptions and other privileges for railroad men. The membership of this department is largely composed of railroad men in its immediate vicinity. GERMAN DEPARTMENT, Larrabee Street and Grant Place, A. Kurz, chair- man; L. A. Horlacher, department secretary. Gymnasium, bath rooms, reading, recreation and conversation rooms, circulating library, educational classes, receptions, religious meetings and other privileges. INTERCOLLEGIATE DEPARTMENT, W. F. Seymour, secretary. This department has the care of the work in the professional schools of the city. There are connected with the association numerous features which con- tribute toward making a membership in this organization both desirable and valuable to young men. Among the privileges accordc d are participation in a connection with the following: Informal receptions, trades receptions, members' receptions, boarding-house register, home-like place, good company, friendly counsel, general information, employment bureau, writing conveniences, care in sickness, members' parlors, parlor games, reading room, current literature, educational classes, entertainments, practical talks, literary society, reference library, gymnasium, physical instruction, medical examination, healthful baths, toilet conveniences, summer athletics, outing club, gospel meetings, training classes, Bible classes, prayer meetings, teachers' meetings. Asso- ciate members are young men over sixteen years of age, whose references as to good moral character are saiisfactory. Active members are young men over sixteen years of age, who are members in good standing of some Evan- gelical Church. A regular membership ticket, good in all departments, either active or associate, requires an annual membership fee of five dollars. A mem- bership may be obtained by any young man regardless of Church member- ship or belief . The paid membership of the Chicago association is over five thousand. The Chicago association is the second in the world in membership and in the amount of money received annually for current expenses. In the building of the Madison street department, 148 Madison street, are located the offices of the State executive committee, the Western Secretarial Institute, and the Young Men's Christian Association Training School. Seven secretaries are employed in the Illinois State work, and the annual expenditure by the State committee in the supervision of the associations of the State is $16,000. [See " New Y. M." C. A. Building."] Young Men's Christian Association (Scandinavian). Located at 183 N. Peoria st. President, M. Ellingson; secretary, P. Hanson; treasurer, T. Syvertson; librarian, K. Hall. This association has very comfortable rooms and a large membership. Young Woman's Christian Association. Located at room 61, 243 Wa- bash ave. Officers President, Mrs. L. Stone; treasurer, Miss M. E. True; corresponding secretary, Mrs. J. M. Brodie; recording secretary, Mrs. R. S. Chamberlain; superintendent employment bureau, Miss I. Stobie, 243 Wa- bash ave.; superintendent of dispensary, Dr. Odelia Blinn; superintendent boarding-house (288 Michigan ave.), Mrs. Jones. The boarding-house 200 GUIDE TO CHICAGO. has been overcrowded of late, but arrangements are being made for better and more ample quarters. Young women are boarded at a nominal cost. CHURCHES. The visitor will not be many hours in Chicago before he Is Impressed with the number and beauty of the structures consecrated to divine "worship. Unlike some of the older American and European cities, however, he will notice that there are no church edifices in the business center, nor along any of the great business arteries . There were a number of handsome and costly church buildings in the business district previous to 1871, but the great fire swept them away. After the fire, the ground upon which they had stood proved to be so valuable that the various church societies nnd congregations decided either to sell or improve their "down town "real property, and build their churches on less expensive ground and nearer the residence districts . Among the churches that were to be found down town before the fire, were the First Presbyterian church, on Wabash ave., near Jackson; the Second Presbyterian at the northeast corner of Wabash ave. and Washington st. ; St. Mary's Catholic church, at the southwest corner of Wabash ave. and Madison St., where" St. Mary's block" now stands; the First Baptist church on Wabash ave., and the Rev. Dr. Everts' (Episcopal) church. There were many others not so well known and not so well remembered. The Methodists, Presbyterians, Baptists, Unitarians, Roman Catholics, Episcopalians, and, in fact, all denominations, lost heavily by the great fire, both in the South and North divisions. Since then, however, they have all prospered, and every year since has added to the magnitude, the costliness and the beauty of the church edifices they have erected. LOCATION OF LEADING CHURCHES. The leading churches of the three divisions of the city are removed to the extent of a street car trip from hotels and depots of the South Side. On the West Side they are found principally along Washington and Ashland blvds. or around Jeffenon and Union parks. Centenary Methodist and the Second Baptist chuiches, two of the oldest in the city, are located on Monroe and Morgan-sts. On the North Side they are to be found in the district north of Ontario and east of Clark sts., principally on Dearborn ave. On the South Side they are to be found on Wabash ave., Michigan blvd. , and in the district east of State st. and south of Twenty-second st. Take West Madison cable line for West Side, North Clark st. cable line or State st. horse line for North Side and Cottage Grove ave. cable line for South Side. Two of the leading Independent churches of the city, however, the Central and the People's, hold services in the Central Music Hall and Columbia Theatre, respectively, only a short walk from the hotels. Prof. Swing preaches at the former every Sunday; Dr. Thomas at the latter. ov V ^THK ENCYCLOPEDIA. 201 POPULAR MINISTERS AND PREACHERS. Popular ministers of the city and those of whom the visitor is likely to hear of tenest, are Prof. David Swing, Cen- tral Church, Central Music Hall, State and Randolph sts. ; Dr. H. W. Thomas, People's Church, McVicker's Theatre, Madison St., near State st.; Simon J. MacPherson, Second Presbyterian Church, Michigan blvd. and Twentieth St.; F. J. Brobst, Westminster Presbyterian, Peoria and Jackson sts.; F. W. Gunsaulus, Plymouth Congregational, Michigan ave., near Twenty-sixth st.; Rabbi E. G. Hirsch, Sinai Congregation, Indiana ave. and Twenty-first st.; Dr. John H. Barrows, First Presbyterian, Indiana ave. and Twenty -first St.; H. H. Barbour, Belden Avenue Methodist Church, Beldenave. and Halsted St.; Dr. P. S. Hensen, First Baptist Church, South Park ave. and Thirty-first st.; Rev. Fred Campbell, Jefferson Park Presbyterian Church, Adams and Throopsts.; State st., near Twenty-lhirdst.; Dr. V/\ M. Lawrence, Second Baptist Church, Morgan and Monroe sts.; Dr. E. P. Goodwin, First Congregational Church, Washington boulevard and Ann street; Dr. F. A. Noble, Union Park Congregational Church, Washington blvd. and Ashland avenue. ; Rt. Rev. William E. McLaren, Episcopal Cathedral, Washington blvd. and Peoria st.; Rev. Dr. Clinton Locke, Grace Episcopal Church, 1445 Wabash ave,; Rt. Rev. Charles E. Cheney, Christ's Episcopal Church, Michigan ave. and Twenty-fourth St.; Rt. Rev. Samuel Fallows, St. Paul's Episcopal, Adams st. and Winchester ave. ;J. P. Brushingham, Ada Street M. E. Church, Ada st., between Lake and Fulton sts. ; Robert Mclntyre, Grace M. E. Church, cor. La Salle ave. and Locust st. ; Dr. William Fawcett, Park Avenue M. E. Church, Park ave., corner Robey st. ; Frank M. Bristol, Trinity M. E. Church, Indiana ave., near Twenty-fourth St.; Dr. W. T. Meloy, First United Presbyterian Church, Monroe "and Paulina sts.; Dr. M. W. Stryker, Fourth Presbyterian Church, Rush and Superior sts.; Dr. John L. Withrow, Third Presbyterian Church, Ashland blvd. and Ogden ave.; Jenkins Lloyd Jones, All Souls' Church, Oakwoodblvd. andLangleyave.; T. G. Milsted, Unity Church, Dearborn ave. and Walton place; J. Colman Adams, St. Paul's Unitarian Church, Prairie ave. and Thirtieth st. Christian Churches. The Christian Churches of the city are located as follows: FIRST CHURCH, W. Jackson st. and Oakley ave.; CENTRAL, Indi- ana ave. and Thirty-seventh st.; CHRISTIAN (colored), Apollo Hall, 2719 Dearborn st.: NORTH SIDE, Cooks' Hall, Lincoln ave. and Sheffield ave.; WEST SIDE, 303 and 305 S. Western ave. Congregational Churches. The Congregational Churches of the city are located as follows: BETHANY, Superior and Lincoln sts.; BETHLEHEM, CHAPEL, 709 Loomis st., BOWMANVILLE, Bowmanville; CALIFORNIA AVKNUE, California ave. and W. Monroe; CENTRAL PARK, W. Forty-first and Fulton st.; BRIGHTON, W. Thirty fourth near Lincoln st. ; CHURCH OF THE REDEEMER, School st., near Evanston ave.; CLINTON STREET, S. Clinton and Wilson sts.; COVENANT, W. Polk st., nw. corner Claremont ave.; CRAGIN, Armitage ave., near Grand ave.; DOUGLAS PARK, 903 Sawyer ave.; DUNCAN AVENUE, Duncan ave., near Seventy-seventh st. ; EMANUEL (colored), 2811 State st.; ENGLEWOOD, School and Sixty -fourth sts., Englewood; ENGLE- WOOD NORTH, La Salle and Fifty-ninth sts.; ENGLEWOOD TRINITY, Wright and Sixty-ninth sts.; FIRST, Washington blvd., sw. corner Ann st.; FIRST (Scandinavian), Point anfl Chanay sts. ; FORESTVILLE, Champlain ave. and Forty-sixth st.; GERMAN PILGRIM,' W. Fulton and W. Forty-first sts.; GRACE, Powell ave. and Cherry pi.; HUMBOLDT PARK.W. Chicago ave., near N. Calil 202 GUIDE TO CHICAGO. (Scandinavian), North California avenue and Armitage 'avenue; FOREST- VILLE, Champiain avenue and Forty-sixth street; GERMAN PILGRIM, Ayers avenue and Elmer street; GRACE, Powell avenue and Cherry pi.; HERMOSA, Howard ave. and Cortland; HUMBOLDT PARK, W. Chicago ave., nearN. Cali- fornia avenue; IMMANUEL, State and Twenty-eighth streets; JEFFERSON PARK, Jefferson Park; JOHANNES (German), Franklin street, near Eugenie street; LAKEVIEW, Seminary and Lill avenues; LEAVITT STREET, Leavitt street and s.w. corner W. Adams street; LINCOLN PARK, Garfield avenue and Mohawk street; MILLARD AVENUE, S. Central Park avenue, se. corner VV. Twenty-third street; NEW ENGLAND, Dearborn avenue and Delaware place; PACIFIC, Cortland and Ballou streets; PLYMOUTH, Michigan avenue, near Twenty-sixth street; RAVENSWOOD, Commercial and Sulzer streets; ROSE- HILL, Rosehill; WARDIS (Welch), Peoria street near Jackson street; SEDGWICK BRANCH, Sedgwick and Blackhawk streets; SOUTH, Drexel boul., nw. corner Fortieth street, SOUTH (German], Ullmari street and James avenue; SOUTH CHICAGO, South Chicago; SOUTH PARK, Madison avenue and Fifty- sixth street; SWEDISH, South Peoria and Fifty-ninth streets; SUMMERDALE, near Summerdale depot, Lake View; TABERNACLE, W. Indiana street, se. corner Morgan street; UNION PARK, 8. Ashland avenue and Washington boul.; UNION TABERNACLE, South Ashland avenue and W. Twentieth street; WARREN AVENUE, Warren avenue, sw. corner Albany avenue; ZION, Fifty- sixth and S. Green streets. Congregational Missions. The following are the Mission Churches con- ducted by the Congregationalists: ARMOUR, Thirty-third street, near Butter- field St.; ASHLAND AVENUE, Ashland avenue and Twelfth street; CALIFORNIA AVENUE, California avenue and Filmore street; CHINESE, Washington boul. and S. Ann street: COMMERCIAL AVENUE, Commercial avenue, near Ninety- sixth street (S. C.); DORKMUS, Butler street, near Thirty-first street; GRACE- LAND, near Graceland Cemetery; HARRISON STREET, Harrison street, near Halsted street; HEGEWISCH, Hegewisch; HOUSE OF HOPE, 210 W. Indiana street; HOYNE AVENUE, W. Nineteenth street, near Leavitt street; MAPLE- WOOD; Maplewood; OAKLEY AVENUE, W. Indiana street, near Oakley avenue; RANDOLPH, 79 W. Randolph street; PULLMAN [Swedish], Pullman; ROBEY STREET, N. Robey street, near Cly bourne aveime; SWEDISH, Lock and Thirty first streets; THIRTEENTH STREET, 533 W. Thirteenth street; W. HARRISON STREET, W. Harrison street, near Kedzie avenue; WENT- WORTH AVENUE [Swedish], Wentworth avenue and Thirty ninth street. Baptist Churches. The Baptist Churches of the city are located as fol- lows: BELDEN AVENUE, N. Halsted st. and Belden ave. ; BETHANY, Lock and Bonaparte sts.; BETHESDA (Colored), Thirty-fourth st., se. cor. Butterfield st.; CENTENNIAL, W. Jackson st., cor. Lincoln st. ; COVENANT, No. 330 Sixty- third st.; FIRST, Englewood ave., near Stewart ave.; ENGLEWOOD (Swedish), Wentworthst.,southof Forty-ninth st. ; EVANGEL, Dearborn and Forty-seventh sts. ; FIRST, South Park ave. and Thirty-first st.; FIRST (German), Bickerdike and W. Huron sts.; FIRST (Swedish), Oak st., near Sedgwick st.; FOURTH, Washington blvd., nw. cor. Paulina st.; HUMBOLDT PARK, Humboldt and Cortland sts.; HYDE PARK, Madison ave. and Fifty-fourth st. , Hyde Park ; IMMANUEL (W. S.), Michigan ave., near Twenty-third st. ; IRVING PARK, Irv- THE ENCYCLOPEDIA. 203 Ing Park; LAKE VIEW, School street, near Lincoln avenue; LANGLEY AVENUE, Langley avenue and Seventy-first street; LA SALLE AVENUE, La Salle avenue, near Division street; MEMORIAL, Oakwood boul,, near Cottage Grove avenue; MILLARD AVENUE, Millard avenue, se. corner W. Twenty-fourth street, Lawndale; NORTH ASHLAND AVENUE, N. Ashland avinue, near W. North avenue; OLIVET (Colored), Harmon court and Holden place; PROVI- DENCE (colored), 26 N. Irving place; PULLMAN (Swedish), Pullman; SCAN- DINAVIAN BETHEL, Rockwell street, near Humboldt Park; SCANDINAVIAN PILGRIM, N. Carpenter and Ohio streets; SECOND, Morgan street, sw. cornei W. Monroe street; SECOND [German], Burling and Willow streets; SECOND [Swedish], 3018-3020 Fifth avenue, near Thirty-first street; SHILOH [colored], 430 Sixty-third street; SOUTH CHICAGO, South Chicago; SOUTH CHICAGO, [Swedish], Fourth avenue and Ninety -eighth street; WESTERN AVENUE, Warren avenue, nw. corner N. Western avenue. WOODLAWN PARK, Wood- lawn Park. Baptist Missions. The following are the Mission churches conducted by the Baptists : BOHEMIAN, Throop and Sixteenth sts.; CONGRESS, Washtenaw ave. and Fiournoy st. ; DEARBORN, 3740 State st. ; HASTINGS STREET, Hastings st. near Ashland ave.; HOPE, Noble at., sw. corner W. Superior; OGDEN AVEXUE, 643 O.jden ave., in connection with Centennial Church; RAYMOND. Poplar ave. and Thirtieth St.; WABANSIA, 353 Wabansia ave. Evangelical Association of North America (German). The location of the churches of this denomination is as follows : Chicago District, Presiding Elder, Rev. A. Fuessele, residence 658 Sheffield ave. ADAMS STREET, W. Adams and Robey sts. ; FIRST, Thirty fifth and Dearborn sts. ; CENTENNIAL, W. Harrison, sw. corner Hoyne ave ; HUMBOLDT PARK, Wabausia ave., corner N. Rock well st.; LANE PARK, Roscoe and Bosworth ets. ; SALEM, W. Twelfth and Union sts.; SECOND, Wisconsin and Sedgwick sts.; EMANUEL, Sheffield ave. , ne. corner Marianna st.; ST. JOHN'S, Noble and W. Huron sts. Evangelical Lutheran (English) Churches The Evangelical Lutheran (English) Churches of the city are located as follows : CHURCH OF THE HOLY TRINITY, 398 La Salle ave.; GRACE, Belden ave. and Larrabee st. ; ST. PAUL'S, Fairfield and Hoyne aves.; WICKER PARK, N. Hoyne ave., nw. corner LeMoyne st. Evangelical Lutheran (Danish}. The Evangelical Lutheran (Danish) Churches of the city are located as follows : ST. STEPHENS, Dearborn and Thirty-sixth sts.; TRINITY, 440 and 442 W. Superior st. ; BETHEL, W. Lakeand Forty-second sts. Evangelical Lutheran (German) The Evangelical Lutheran (German) Churches of the city are located as follows : ANDREAS, 3650 Honore ; BETH- LEHEM, N. Paulina and McReynolds sts.; CHRIST, Humboldt and Byron aves. ; CHURCH of THE HOLY CROSS, Ullman st., nw. cor. James ave.; EMANUEL, Twelfth st. and Ashland; ave., GETHSEMANE, 4407 Wentworth ave.; GNADEN, 169 and 171 Twenty-third pi., near Portland ave.; GRAND CROSSING, Grand Crossing; MARCUS, 1119 California ave.; MARTINI, 4838 Loomis ; NAZAR- ETH, Forest ave., near Fullerton ave.; PULLMAN, Pullman ; ST. JACOBI, Fre- mont st., sw. cor. Garfield ave.; ST. JOHANNES, Jefferson; ST. JOHN'S, W. Superior and Bickerdike sts.; ST. LUCAS, Belmont ave., Lake View; ST. 204 GUIDE TO CHICAGO. MARK'S, Ashland and Augusta st.; ST. MATTHEW'S, Hoyne ave., bejt. Twentieth and Twenty-first sts. ; ST. PAUL'S, Superior and N. Franklin sis ; ST. PETERS, Dearborn st., south of Thirty-ninth St.; ST. SIMON'S, 1339 W. North ave.; ST. STEPHEN'S, 838 Chestnut; ST. STEPHEN'S, Wentworth ave., northwest cor. Twenty-fifth st.; SOUTH CHICAGO, S. Chicago ; ST. THOMAS', Washtenaw ave. and Iowa st.; TRINITY (U. A. C.), Hanover st. and Twenty- fifth pi.; TmNiTY(West Chicago), 9, 11 and 13 Snell st. Washington Heights; ZION, W. Nineteenth st., cor. Johnson st. Evangelical Lutheran (Norwegian). The Evangelical Lutheran (Norwe- gian) Churches of the city are located as follows : BETHNIA, W. Indiana st., se. cor. Carpenter st. ; BETHLEHEM, W. Huron st., cor. N. Centre Ave,; EMANUEL, Perry ave. and Cherry; NORWEGIAN, N. Franklin and ERIE sts.; OUR SAVIOUR'S, May and W. Erie sts.; St. PAUL'S, N. Lincoln and Park sts.; ST. PETER'S, Hirsch st. and Seymour ave.; TRINITY, W- Indiana st., sw. cor. Peoria st. Evangelical Lutheran (Separatists) Churches. The Evangelical Lutheran (Separatists) Churches of the city are located as follows : CHURCH OF PEACE, N. Wood and Iowa streets; FIRST CHURCH, 270 Augusta st., near Samuel st. Evangelical Lutheran (Swedish) Churches. The Evangelical Lutheran (Swedish) Churches of the city are located as follows : MISSION, N. Franklin ave., cor. Whiting st. ; GETIISEMANE, May and W. Huron sts.; IMMANUEL, Sedgwick and Hobble sts.; SALEM, Portland ave. and Twenty-eighth St.; TABERNACLE, S. LaSalle and Thirtieth sts. Evangelical ( United) Churches. The Evangelical (United) Churches of the city are located as follows: CHURCH OF PEACE, Fifty-second and Justine; EMANUEL'S, Forty-sixth and Dearborn; FIRST GERMAN, ST. PAUL'S, Ohio st., sw. cor. La Salle ave.; SECOND GERMAN, ZION, Union st., nw. cor. W. Four- teenth St.; THIRD GERMAN, SALEM, 368-372 Twenty-fifth St., near Wentworth ave. ; FOURTH GERMAN, ST. PETER'S, Chicago ave. and Noble st. ; FIFTH GEH- MAN, ST. JOHN'S, Cortland st. near Seymour ave.; LUKAS, Sixty-second, cor. Green; MARKUS, Thirty-fifth, cor. Dashiel; PETRI, Colehour; SIXTH GER- MAN, BETHLEHEM, Diversey ave, and Lewis st. ; ST. NICHOLAS, Avondale; TRINITY CHURCH, W. Twenty-fourth st., sw. cor. S. Robey st. ; ZION'S, Auburn Park. Evangelical Reformed. The FIRST GERMAN church of the Evangelical Reformed denomination is located at 177-179 Hastings st. ; THIRD FRIEDENS, 1330 Wellington. Episcopal (Reformed) Churches .The Episcopal (Reformed) Churches of Chicago are located as follows: SYNOD of Chicago, bishop, Rt. Rev. Charles E. Cheney, D. D. CHRIST, Michigan ave. and Twenty-fourth st. ; EMANUEL, Hanover and Twenty-eighth sts.; ST. JOHN'S, Thirty-seventh st, cor. Lang- ley ave. ; ST. MARK'S, Maplewood; ST. MARK'S MISSION, Huinboldt Park; ST. MATTHEW'S, Fullerton ave. and Larrabee sts.; TRINITY, Englewopd; TYNG MISSION, Archer ave. and Twenty-first st. ; ST. ANSGARIUS, Sedgwick st. near Chicago ave. ; ST. BARNABAS', Park ave. and Forty-fourth st. ; ST. BARTHOLOMEW'S, Sixty-fifth si. and Stewart ave.; St. GEORGE'S, Grand Cross- ing; ST. LUKE'S, 388 S. Western ave. ; ST. MARK'S Cottage Grove ave. and Thirty-ninth st.; ST. PAUL'S, 4928 Lake ave. THE ENCYCLOPEDIA. 205 Episcopal Reformed Missionary. Jurisdiction of the Northwest and West, Rt. Rev. Samuel Fallows, D. D., bishop; ST. PAUL'S CHURCH, W. Adamast., cor. Winchester ave. Episcopal Churches. The Episcopal Churches of the city are located aa follows Bishop of Diocese of Chicago, Rt. Rev. William E. McLaren, D. D., D. C. L., office 18 S. Peoria St., residence 255 Ontario t. ALL SAINTS', 757 N. Clark; ALL SAINTS', Ravenswood; CATHEDRAL SS. PETER AND PAUL, Washington blvd. and Peoria st. ; CALVARY, Western av. and Monroe st.; CHRIST, Sixty-fourth st. and Woodlawn av.; CHURCH OP ATONEMENT, Edgewater; CHURCH OF OUR SAVIOR, Lincoln and Belden aves.; CHURCH OF ST. CLEMENT, State and Twentieth st. ; CHURCH OF ST. PHILIP THE EVAN- GELIST, Archer ave. and Thirty -fifth at. ; CHURCH OF THE ASCENSION, N. La Salle and Elm; CHURCH OF THE EPIPHANY, S. Ashland ave., corner W. Adams, CHURCH OF THE GOOD SHEPHERD, Millard ave. ; CHURCH OF THE REDEEMER, Fifty-seventh st. and Washington ave. ; CHURCH OF THE TRANS- FIGURATION, Prairie ave. and. Thirty-ninth st. ; GRACE, 1445 Wabash ave. near Sixteenth st.; ST. ALBAN'S, State st. near Forty -fifth; ST. ANDREWS, Washfbg- ton blvd. and Robey st.; ST. JAMES', cor. Cass and Huron st.; ST. JOHN'S (So. Chicago.) Commercial ave. and Ninety-second St.; ST. PETER'S, 1532 N. Clark; ST. STEPHEN'S, Johnson st. near W. Taylor st.; ST. THOMAS' (colored) Dearborn st. near Thirtieth st. ; TRINITY, Michigan ave". and Twenty-sixth st. Episcopal Missions and Chapels. The Missions and Chapels conducted by the Episcopalians are as follows: ADVENT MISSION, W. Madison, near Albany ave.; CHAPEL OF ST. LUKE'S HOSPITAL, 1430 Indiana ave.; DOUGLAS PARK MISSION, superintendent, Rev. H. W. Scaife, M. D. ; HOLY TRINITY, Stock yards; HOME FOR INCURABLES, Ellis ave., south of Fifty-fifth st.; MIS- SION OF NATIVITY, W. Indiana st., near Lincoln st,; SISTERS OF ST. MARY CHAPEL, Washington blvd. and Peoria; ST. JAMES' MISSION, Elm st. Free Methodist Churches. The Free Methodist Churches of Chicago are located as foMows: FIRST, 16 N. May; SECOND, 447 Ogden ave.; SOUTH SIDE, 5251 Dearborn st.; MILWAUKEE AVENUE, Mozart st. near Armitage ave.; SOUTH CHICAGO, So. Chicago. Independent Churches. The Independent Churches of Chicago are located as follows: CHICAGO AVENUE (Moody's), Chicago ave. nw. corner LaSalle ave.. CENTRAL CHURCH (Swing's), Central Music Hall, State st., se. corner Randolph st,. ; MARKET STREET MISSION, 38 Kinzie st. ; PEOPLE'S CHURCH (Thomas'), McVicker's Theatre. Jewish Synagogues. The Jewish Synagogues of the city are located as follows: ANSHE EMES, 341 Sedgwick st. ; ANSHE KANESSES ISRAEL, se. cor. Judd and Clinton sts.; ANSHE RUSSIA-POLA-SEDEK, S. Clinton cor. Twelfth; CONGREGATION BETH HAMEDRASH HACH ODOSCH, 439 Clark st.; CONGREGA- TION BETH HAMEDRASH 134 Pacific ave.; CONGREGATION B'NAI ABRAHAM, se. cor. Wright st. and Newberry ave.; CONGREGATION EMANUEL, 280 and 282 N. Franklin st.; CONGREGATION OHAVEH EMUNAH, 386 Clark st.; CONGRE- GATION OHAVEH SHOLOM, 582 S. Canal st.; CONGREGATION OF THE NORTH SiDE.ne. cor. Rush st. and Walton pi.; CONGREGATION MOSES MONTEFIORE, 130 Augusta st. ; CONGREGATION BETHEL, N. May st. near W.Huron St.; KEHILATH ANSHE MAARIV (Congregation of the men of the West), Indiana ave. and Thirty-third st, ; KEHILATH B'NAI SHOLOM (Sons of Peace), Twenty- sixth, cor. Indiana; SINAI CONGREGATION, Indiana ave. and Twenty-first St.; ZION CONGREGATION, se. cor. Washington blvd. and Ogden ave, 206 GUIDE TO CHICAGO. Methodist Episcopal Ghurchet. The Methodist Episcopal Churches of the city are located as follows: ADA STREET, Ada st., between W. Lake and Fulton sts. ; ASBURY, 3120 and 3122 Fifth ave. ; AUBURN PARK, Auburn Park; AVONDALE, Avondale: BETHANY, ne. cor. Francisco and W. Jackson sts. ; BRIGHTON PARK, nw. cor. Thirty-eighth st. and Washtenaw ave.; CEN- TENARY, 295 W. Monroe st., near Morgan st.; CHICAGO LAWN, Chicago Lawn; CUMMINGS, Cummings; DEERING, nw. cor. Ward, and Dunning sts.; DOUG- LAS PARK, 624 S. Washtenaw ave.; ENGLEWOOD, 6410 Stewart ave.; ERIE STREET, W. Erie st. near N. Robey st. ; FIFTY-FOURTH STREET, Fifty-fourth and Peoria sts. ; FIRST, Clark and Washington sts.; FORTY-SEVENTH, Forty- seventh and Dreyer sts.; FULTON STREET, 891 and 893 Fulton St., west of Oakley ave. ; GARFIELD PARK, W. Lake, cor. Homan ave.; GRACE, LaSalle ave. and Locust st. ; GRACE, Kensington; GRAND CROSSING, Grand Crossing; GROSS, Gross Park; HALSTED STREET, 778 to 784 S. Halsted st. ; Harrison and Forty-second st. ; HEGEWISCH, Hegewisch ave. , south of One hundred and Thirty-third st.; HKRMOSA, Hermosa; HUMBOLDT PARK, Humboldt Park; HVbE PARK, Hyde Park; IRVING PARK, Irving Park; KENWOOD, 83 Forty- third st. ; LEAVITT AND DEKALB, N. Ogden ave. ; LINCOLN STREET, se. cor. Ambrose and S.Lincoln sts.; MARSHFIKLD AVENUE, Marshfield st., south of W. Van Buren st. ; MORELAND, Moreland; NORMAL PARK, Normal Park; North ave; NOUTHWEST, Homer st. west of juuct. Milwaukee and Western ave. ; OAKLAND, sw. cor. Langley ave. and Oakland blvd.; PARK AVENUE, se. cor. Robey st. and Park ave.; PARK MANOR, 6758 S. Chicago ave., Park Side; PAULINA STREET, 3342 S. Paulina st., near Archer ave. : PULLMAN, Pullman; RAVENSWOOD, Commercial and Sunnyside ave.; SACRAMENTO AVENUE, Sacramento ave. head of Adams st. ; SHEFFIELD AVENUE, Sheffield ave. and George st. ; SIMPSON MISSION, LaSalle and Fifty-ninth sts.; Sixty- fourth and Loomis; SOUTH CHICAGO, na. c )r. Ninety-tirst st. and Superior ave.; SOUTH ENGLEWOOD, Murray, cor. Eighty-seventh st. ; SOUTH PARK AVENUE, Thirty-third st. and South Park ave. ; STATE STREET, 4637 State st. ; ST. PAUL'S, W. Taylor st. and Center ave.; TRINITY, Indiana ave. near Twenty-fourth st. ; WABASH AVKNUE, Fourteenth st. and Wabash ave.; WESLEY, 1003 and 1009 N. Halsted st.; WESTERN AVENUE, W. Monroe st., and Western ave.; VICKER PARK MISSION, Milwaukee and W. North aves. ; WINTER STREET, N. W. Gordon and Dashiel sts.; WOODLAWN PARK, Wood- lawn Park. Methodist Episcopal (African) Churches. The Methodist Episcopal African) Churches of the city are as follows: ALLEN, Avondale; BETHEL, ARLINGTON HALL, Thirty-first; QUINN'S, Central Hall, Wabash ave.; ST. STEPHEN'S, 682 Austin ave.; ZION, Dearborn st., between Twenty-ninth and Thirtieth sts. Methodist Episcopal (Bohemian) Churches. The Methodist Episcopal (Bohemian) Churches of the city are located as follows: FIRST, 778 S. Hal- sted st, ; SECOND, S. Halsted and W. Twelfth. Methodist Episcopal (German) Churches. The Methodist Episcopal (Ger- man) Churches of the city are located as follows: ASHLAND AVKNUE, 485 N. Ashland ave. ; CENTENNIAL MISSION, Wellington and Sheffield aves. , Lake View; CENTER STREET, nw. cor. Dayton and Centre els.; CLYBOURNE AVENUE, 51 and 53 Clybourne ave.; DEERING MISSION. Clybourne ave., near Fullerton ave.; EBENEEZER, sw. cor. Thirty-first and Ullman sts.; FULLERTON AVENUE, ne. cor. N. Wester^ ave. and W. Fullerton ave.; IMMANUEL, 832 and 834 W. ME ENCYCLOPEDIA. 207 Twenty-second st.; MAXWELL STKKET, 308 Maxwell st. ; PORTLAND AVENUE, se. cor. Twenty-eighth st. and Portland ave.; ROBEY STREET MISSION, Robey st., near W. Twelfth st. ; WKNTWORTH AVENUE, Wentworth ave., south of Thirty seventh st. Methodist Episcopal (Norwegian) Churches. The Methodist Episcopal (Norwegian) Churches of the city are located as follows: IMMANUEL, W. Huron and Bickerdike sts. ; FIRST, se. cor. Sangamon and W. Indiana sts.; MORELAND, Moreland; PARK SIDE ; TRINITY, Maplewood and Thompson. Methodist Episcopal (Swedish) Churclies. The Methodist Episcopal (Swed- ish) Churches of the city are located as follows: ATLANTIC STREET, Atlantic aud Fifty-second sts.; ENGLEWOOD, Sixty-seventh at. and Stewart ave.; FIFTH AVENUE, ne. cor. Thirty-third; FIRST, N. Market and Oak sts.; FOREST GLEN, Jefferson; HUMBOLDT PARK, Fairfield Ave., near North ave.; LAKE VIEW, Baxter st. and Noble ave.; MAY STREET, N. May St., between W. Ohio and Erie sts.; PULLMAN, Arcade blvd., Pullman; SOUTH CHICAGO, South Chicago; SWEDISH MISSION, Chicago ave., opposite Milton ave. Presbyterian Churches. The Presbyterian Churches of, the city are located as follows: BELDEN AVENUE, Beldenand Seminary aves. ; BETHANY, HumboldtPark blvd., north of Humbnldt Park; CAMPBELL PARK, Leavitt st. and Campbell Park; BROOKLINE, Brookline; CENTRAL PARK, W. Madison, nw. cor. Sacramento ave., Occidental Hall; CHURCU OF THE COVENANT, se. cor. Belden ave. and N. Halsted St.; EIGHTH CHURCH, nw. cor. Robey and Washington blvd.; FIFTH CHURCH, Thirtieth st. and Indiana ave.; EMERALD AVENUE, Emerald ave. and Sixty-seventh st. ; FIRST CHURCH OF ENGLEWOOD, Sixty-fourth and Yale sts.; FIRST CHURCH, Indiana ave. and Twenty-first st.; FIRST (German) CHURCH, Willow, cor. Orchard; FIRST (Scotch Church), 8. Sangamon and W. Adams sts. ; FIRST (United Church), S. W. Paulina and W. Monroe sts. ; FORTY-FIRST STHEET, Prairie ave. and Forty-first st. ; FOURTH, Rush and Superior sts.; FULLERTON AVENUE, nw. cor. Larrabee st. and Fullerton ave.; GRACE (colored), DEARBORN, s. of Thirty-fourth; HOLLAND, Noble and W. Erie sts. ; HYDE PARK, Hyde Park; IMMANUEL, Archer ave. and Thirty-first st. ; JEFFERSON PARK, W. Adams and Throop sts. ; LAKE, nw. cor. Forty-second and Winter sts.; LAKE VIEW, Evanston ave. and Addison st. ; MORKLAND, Fulton and W. Forty eighth sts.; NORMAL PARK, Sixty -ninth, cor. Yale; PULLMAN, Pullman; RAILROAD CHAPEL, 1419 State st.; REUNION, sw cor. Hastings st. and S. Ashland ave.; SECOND, Michigan ave. and Twen- tieth st.; SIXTH, Vincennes and Oak aves.; SIXTIETH STREET, Sixtieth and School sts.; SOUTH CHICAGO, South Chicago; TENTH, Forty-second, cor. Winter; THIRD, S. Ashland and Ogden aves.; WESTMINSTER, 161 S. Peoria st., cor. W. Jackson st.; WELSH, ne. cor. Sangamon and W. Monroe sts.; WOODLAWN PARK, Woodlawn Park. Presbyterian Missions. The missions conducted by the Presbyterians are located as follows: BURR, se. cor. Twenty-third st. and Wentwonh ave.; HOPE, Augusta St., near Western ave.; MOSELEY, 2539 Calumet ave.; ONWARD, W. Indiana st. and Hoyne ave.; GROSS PARK, School, cor. Gross; CHRIST CHAPEL, Center and Orchard sts.; WEST OHIO STREET, W. Ohio st., near Lawndale ave.;ELSTON AVENUE, Elstou ave., near Fullerton ave.; ENGLEWOOD HEIGHTS, Eighty-ninth, cor. Page; ERIE CHAPEL, Erie, cor. Noble; FIFTY-FIFTH STREET BRANCH, 566 Fifty-fifth st.; FOSTER, 173 S. DesPlaines st. ; HEGEWISCH, S. Chicago ave., cor. 133d st. ; LARRABKE STREET, Larrabee st., near Cly bourne ave.; MEDICAL, 2242 Wentworth ave.; COLORADO AVENUE, Colorado ave., near W. Harrison; OLIVET, Larrabee, cor. Vedder; 208 GUIDE TO CHICAGO. WENTWORTH AVENUE, Wentworth ave. , near Forty-third st. ; SOUTH CHI- CAGO AVENUE, J cor. 100th. WEST CHICAGO AVENUE, Chicago ave., cor. Lawndale. Services are held at all these Missions at 3 P. M. Sundays. Presbyterian Church (United.) FIRST CHURCH, located at the corner of W. Monroe and South Paulina sts. Roman Catholic Churches. Archbishop of Chicago, Most Rev. Patrick A. Feehan, D.D.; vicar -general, Very Rev. D. M. J. Dowling; chancellor and secretary, Rev. P. J. Muldoon, 311 Superior st. The Roman Catholic Churches of the city are located as follows: CATHEDBAL OP THE HOLT NAME, Superior and N State sts.; ALL SAINTS' CHURCH, sw. cor. Twenty-' fifth pi. and Wallace St.; CHAPEL OP OUR LADY OP MERCY, St. Paul's Home; CHURCH OP NOTRE DAME, DE CHICAGO (French), Vernon Park pi. and Sibley St.; CHURCH OP OUR LADY OP GOOD COUNSEL (Bohemian), West- ern ave. and Cornelia St.; CHURCH OF OUR LADY OP MOUNT CARMEL, Welling^ ton and Beacher sts.; CHURCH OP OUR LADY OP SORROWS, 1406 W. Jackson st ; CHURCH OP THE ANNUNCIATION, sw. cor. Wabansia ave. and N. Paulina St.; CHURCH OP THE ASSUMPTION (Italian), Illinois st., near N. Market st.; CHURCH OP THE BLESSED SACRAMENT, West Twenty-second street; CHURCH OP THE HOLY ANGELS, 282 Oakwood blvd.; CHURCH OP THE HOLY ANGELS, Hoyneave.; CHURCH OP THK HOLY FAMILY, May and W. Twelfth sts.; CHURCH OP THE HOLY ROSARY, sw. cor. S. Park ave. and One Hundred and Thirteenth st., Roseland; CHURCH OF THE IMMACULATE CONCEPTION, N. Franklin st., north of Schiller st. ; CHURCH OP THE NATIVITY, Thirty-seventh and Dashielsts.; CHURCH OP THE SACRED HEART, se. cor. W. Nineteenth and Johnson sts.; CHURCH OP THE VISITATION, Fifty-first and Morgan sts.; HOLY TRINITY (German), S. Lincoln and Taylor sts.; HOLY TRINITY (Polish), Noble and Ingraham sts.; IMMACULATE CONCEPTION B. V. M. (German), 2944- 2946 Bonfield st., near Archer ave.; IMMACULATE CONCEPTION B. V. M. (Polish), nw. cor. Eighty -eighth st. and Commercial ave.; ST. ALBERT'S CHURCH (Polish). W. Seventeenth and Paulina sts.; ST. AGNES', S. Washte- naw ave., near Thirty-eighth st. ; ST. ALOYSIUS' (German), Thompson and Davis sts.; ST. ALPHONSUS' (German), Lincoln and Southport aves.; ST. ANN'S, Fifty -fifih st. and Went worth ave.; ST. ANTHONY OP PADUA (German). BO. cor. Twenty-fourth pi. and Hanover St.; ST. AUGUSTIN'S (German), Fifty- first and Laflin sts.; ST. AUGUSTIN'S (colored), 2251 Indiana ave.; ST. BER- NARD'S, Sixty-sixth st. and Stewart ave. ; ST. BERNARD'S CHURCH (French). Brighton Park; ST. BONIFACE'S (German), Cornell and Noble sts. ; ST. BREN- DON'S CHURCH, Sixty-seventh, cor. Bishop; ST. BRIDGET'S, Archer ave. and Church pi.; ST. CASIMIR'S CHURCH (Polish), Twenty-second, cor. Little; ST. CECELIA'S, Bristol st., near Wentworth ave.; ST. CHARLES BORROMEO'S, 87-91 Cypress st. ; ST. COLUMBAS' CHURCH, Mackinaw, south of 133d st.; ST. BRIDGET'S, Archer ave. and Church pi.; ST. CECELIA'S, Bristol st., near Wentworth ave.; ST. CHARLES BORROMEO'S, 87-91 Cypress St.; ST. COLUMBKILL'S, N. Paulina and W. Indiana sts. ; ST. ELIZABETH'S, ne. cor. State and Forty-first sts.; ST. FRANCIS OP ASSISIUM (German), W. Twelfth st. and Newberry ave.; ST. FRANCIS DE SALES, Ewing ave. and One Hundred and Second st.; ST. FRANCIS XAVIER (German), Avondale; ST. GABRIEL'S, se. cor. Wallace and Forty -fifth sts.; ST. GEORGE'S (German), 3915 Fifth ave.; THE ENCYCLOPEDIA. 209 ST. HEDWIG'S (Polish), North side Kosciusco, bet. N. Hoyne ave. and St. Hedwig st.; ST. JAMES', Wabash ave. and Thirtieth st.; ST. JARLATH'S, Her- mitage ave. and W. Jackson st.; ST. JOHN'S, Eighteenth and Clark sts.; ST. JOHN'S NEPOMUCENE'S (Bohemian), Twenty-fifth st. and Portland ave.; ST. JOHN THE BAPTIST (French), Thirty third ct., near S. Wood st.; ST. JOSEPH'S CHUUCH (French) Brighton Park ; ST. JOSEPH'S (German), N. Market and Hill sts ; ST. JOSEPH'S (Polish), Forty-eighth and Paulina sts. ; ST. JOSA- PHAT'S (Polish), nw. cor. Ward st. and Beldon ave.; ST. KEVIN'S CHURCH, Cummings ; ST. LAWRENCE'S, Seventy-fifth St., near Brooks ave., Grand Crossing ; ST. LEO'S, Wright st. and Schorling ave., Auburn Park ; ST. Louis, Pullman ; ST. MALACHY'S Walnut st. and Western ave. ; ST. MARTIN'S (German), Forty-ninth and School sts.; ST. MARY'S, Wabash ave. and Eld- ridge ct. ; ST. MARY'S (German), Riverdale ; ST. MARY'S OP PERPETUAL HELP (Polish), 901 Thirty-second St., near Ullman st.; ST. MATHIAS', Bow- manville : ST. MAURITIUS' CHURCH, 36th, cor. Hoyne.; ST. MICHAEL'S (Ger- man), Eugenie st. and Cleveland ave: ; ST. MONICA'S CHURCH, 2251 Indiana ave.; ST. NICOLAS' CHURCH (German), 113th PI. cor. State; ST. PATRICK'S, Commercial ave., near Ninety-fifth St., South Chicago; ST. PATRICK'S, S. Desplaines and W. Adams sts.; ST. PAUL'S (German) 8. Hoyne ave. and Ambrose st. ; ST. PETER'S (German), Clark and Polk sts.; SS. PETER AND PAUL, Ninety first st. and Exchange ave., South Chicago; St. PHILIP'S, Park ave. and W. Forty-third St.; ST. Pius', se. cor. W. Nineteenth st. and S. Ashland ave. ; ST. PROCOPIUS' (Bohemian), Allport and W. Eight- eenth sts.; ST. ROSE OP LIMA, Ashland ave., neai Forty-eighth 8t.; ST. STANISLAUS KOSTKA'S (Polish), Noble and Ingraham sts.; ST. STEPHEN'S, N. Sangamon and W. Ohio sts.; ST. SYLVESTER'S, California and Shakespeare aves.; ST. TERESA'S (German), Centre and Clyde sts.; ST. THOMAS', Fifty- fifth st., Hyde Park.; ST. VIATEUR'S, Belmout and Crawford aves.; ST. VINCENT DE PAUL'S, Webster ave. and Osgood st.; ST. VITUS, Paulina and Van Horn sts.; ST. WENCESLAUS' (Bohemian), 173 De Kovcn st. Swedenborgian (New Jerusalem) Churches. The Swedenborgian (New Jerusalem) Churches of the city are located as follows : NEW CHURCH TEMPLE, Van Buren st., east of Wabash ave. Unitarian Churches. The Unitarian Churches of the city are located as follows: ALL SOULS', Oakwood blvd., se. corner Langley ave.; UNITY, se. cor. Walton pi. and Dearborn ave. Universalist Churches. The Universalist Churches of the city are located as follows : CHICAGO LAWN, Chicago Lawn ; CHURCH OP THE REDEEMER, ne. cor. Robey st. and Warren ave.; ST. PAUL'S, Prairie ave. and Thirtieth St.; ENGLEWOOD, Sixty-third St., Englewood ; RYDER, Woodlawn Park ; THIRD, N. Clark, nr. Wellington ave. ; UNIVERSALIST MISSION, Fifty-fourth, cor. State. Miscellaneous Churches. Churches not mentioned above are located as follows : DISCIPLES OF CHRIST, meet every 1st day at 10:30 A. M. and 7:30 P. M. at 23 and 25 Kendall St.; FIRST SOCIETY OF SPIRITUALISTS, meet at 55 y. Ada st., at 10:45 A. M. and 7:45 P. M., Sundays; GERMAN ADVENT, 272 and 274 Augusta st., services 10 A. M. and 7:30 p. M.; SCANDINAVIAN CHAPEL, 269 W. Erie St., services Saturday, 10 A. M. 210 GUIDE TO CHICAGO. CITY RAILWAY SERVICE. The City railway, or intramural service of Chicago, embraces horse-car, cable, electric and elevated railroads. The great existing street-car compa- nies operating horse and cable lines are the Chicago City Railway Company, which operates the lines of the South Side; the West Chicago City Railway Company, which operates the lines of the West Side, being practically the owner of the Chicago Passenger Railway Company, which also operates lines in that division of the city; and the North Chicago Street Railroad Com- pany, which operates the lines of the North Side. The South Chicago City Railway Company is an independent line. The West Chicago, North Chi- cago and Chicago Passenger Railway Company are under one management, Mr. Charles T. Yerkes being president. Chicago, according to the last cen- sus, stand? third in length of street railways, as follows: Philadelphia, 283 miles; Boston, 201 miles; Chicago, 185 miles; New York, 177 miles. But when we take miles of track, including sidings and switches, the ratio is changed as follows: Chicago, 375 miles; New York, 3G9 miles; Boston, 329 miles; Philadelphia, 324 miles. CHARACTER OF THE SERVICE. In view of all the surrounding circum- stances, many of which have contributed toward making street car transpor- tation in Chicago difficult, the service rendered the public by the different street railway companies is unsurpassed in any city in the world. Yet in no city in the country, probably, have street car companies been subjected to more severe and unfair criticism. The basis of this criticism has usually been a comparison with the lines operated in other and smaller places, and in population centers where the conditions are entirely unlike those which have to be contended with in Chicago. The West and North Side companies have borne the brunt of the ill-natured and unreasonable abuse, which cer- tain papers sent broadcast without as much as deigning intelligent inquiry as to the causesof such public annoyance as has occurred. Especially is this the case in the matter of stoppages and accidents of various kinds, all of which have been susceptible of satisfactory explanation, and that without the slightest reflection on the several managements, or the city. The climatic difficulties, for instance, have not been the slightest of the causes, nor yet the easiest to overcome in perfecting the several cable systems. We have here the greatest extremes of heat and cold, the variations at times having been as radical as 60 in twenty four hours. Common intelligence under- stands at a glance that such a condition means the great contraction and expansion of metals, and opens upa long line of impediments in the success- ful operating of machinery exposed to the elements, to say nothing of the effect on the slot rails of cable roads. These great extremes are not experi- enced in cities like San Francisco, St. Louis, Cincinnati, or New York, yet the critics seem to have forgotten this. In many of the cities, too, it is unusual for a " grip " car to haul more than one trailer. But in Chicago the South, North and West Side lines always draw two, and often three trailers, and con- sequently much heavier loads than are carried in other places. Then, again, nowhere else do the '' grips" run so close together as here, especially in the early morning and evening hours when they are often not more than a quarter of a minute apart. This, however, is only a mere taste of the exactions on THE ENCYCLOPEDIA. 211 the West and North Side systems by eomparison, for while on most cable roads the tracks are straight and run on a level, here they bend around blocks in the formation of return "loops," and while on the " loops" climb steep tunnel grades, and this when they are loaded the heaviest. For instance, the West Madison street train coming east turns at Jefferson and Madison sts., at Jefferson and Washington (going into the tunnel beneath the river), at Washington and Fifth ave. (having passed under the river), at Fifth ave. and Madison, and at Madison and La Salle ; and going west, at LaSalle and Ran- dolph, at Randolph and Fifth ave., at Fifth ave. and Washington, at Wash- ington and Jefferson, and at Jefferson and Madison. The service of the North Side cable is equally, if not more, exacting its loop being longer, its curves shorter, and the engineering difficulties more complicated. In a word, nowhere else are like demands made on cable roads, for while it is true that other systems have " loops," it is also true that, from the nature of their termini they are used as switches to haul empty cars around; then, again, the further fact that the systems spoken of are the only ones in the country that have tunnels as parts of their "loops" should not be lost sight of in making comparisons. But, with it all, the service of these particular sys- tems is simply marvelous in its regularity, and at the same time makes the dream of rapid transit a reality. The cars are comfortable, the roads thor- oughly equipped. INCREASING TRAFFIC. The traffic on the street car lines and suburban railways is increasing at an enormous rate annually. The street cars in all divisions of the city are over-crowded almost constantly. The North, West and South Side cars are all carrying more people than they were built to carry, but still the number of passengersis increasing every day. The sub- urban trains are all crowded. On the Illinois Central the same state of affairs exists. That road has 108 trains every day to accommodate its suburban traf- fic, and, although from five to twelve cars on each train, which run half an hour apart, except in the early morning and evening hours, when there is an interval of five minutes between trains, the seats are always filled, and often people are standing as near together as possible, in every car. When a train is a few minutes late the crowding is worse. The Northwestern and St. Paul trains are also crowded, while the newer roads, which are just developing a suburban region, can scarcely keep up with the tax upon their rolling stock. PAY OF CABLE EMPLOYES. The conductors and gripmcn receive pay according to the number of trips made. On the Cottage Grove line the runs are numbered from 1 to 113 and on State st. from 1 to 111. In addition to the force that runs these cars are sixty-five extra gripmen and conductors on the Cottage Grove line and nearly an equal number on the State st. line. A "regular" has his "run" as long as he can do his work. An "extra" goes on only when one of the "regulars" is off, or when extra cars are put on. Consequently all the employes desire to become regulars. On the Cottage Grove line the conductors and gripmen receive forty-two cents for a round trip from Thirty-ninth st. north, and sixty cents for a round trip over the entire length of the line. On the State st. line the pay is forty and fifty-six cents respectively. The average time required to make the trip from Thirty- ninth st. is 115 minutes, which gives each conductor and gripman about $3.20 a day. STEAM RAILROAD SERVICE. It should be borne in mind that in addition to the street railways of this city it has a steam railroad service, in connec- tion with the suburban lines of several of the great railroad companies, which 212 GUIDE TO CHICAGO. adds immensely to the transportation facilities of the public between points within the corporate limits. It is a well-known fact that the Illinois Central riiilroad suburban trains carry more passengers than any other suburban line in the world. The suburban trains of the company carried 15,000,000 passengers in 1890. Of this number fully four-fifths were passengers carried between points within the city limits. The Chicago & North-Western; the Chicago, Rock Island and Pacific; the Chicago, Burlington & Quincy; the Chicago, Milwaukee & St. Paul; the Northern Pacific ; the Grand Trunk ; the Eastern Illinois, and other railroad companiesdo a heavy suburban business. Without the supplementary aid of these lines it would be impossible for the existing lines of street railways to meet the demands of the public for transit. Chicago City Raihoay Company. This is the company which operates the South Side cable system. During the pasteighteen years the property has grown from 22*^ miles of track to 152, and from 60 bobtail cars to 1,250 of the largest and best. Its revenue has increased from $600,000 a year to nearly three and one-half millions; its patronage from 30,000 passengers a day to 200,000; the speed of its cars from five miles an hour to an average of ten miles an hour. The company has developed a cable system second to none in the world in extent, efficiency, and public regard. During these eighteen years not a single strike occurred among the employes of the com- pany. Business done in 1891. During 1891 the Chicago City Railway Company, or as it is now familiarly known, the South Side Cable Line, carried 77,464,- 965 passengers, producing a revenue to the company of $3,873,198.27. Of this $2,591,99599 was earned by the cable cars, and $1,281,202.28 by the horse cars. The cost of operating the road was $2,534,315.66, leaving for net earnings, $1,338,882.61. Out of this there was paid for dividends, $750.- 000.00; interest, $216,585.45; depreciation cable machinery and tracks, $43,- 091.53;total, $1,009,676.98; leaving balance to income account of $329,205.63. The average earnings per day were $10,611.50; the percentage of expenses to earnings was 65.43, a decrease of 1.42 over 1890. The cost of operating per car per mile was cable, 9. 369 cents; horse, 23.334 cents; all lines, 13.055 cents. Number of miles run by cable, 14,357,050; horses, 5,096,560; all lines, 19,453,610. The expense per passenger was cable, 2. 60 cents; horse, 4.64 cent; all lines, 3.35 cents. During 1891 there was built 100 open cars, 100 grip cars, and 25 box cars, making the present equipment 600 box cars, 550 open cars and 322 grip cars. Commenced and unfinished 25 box cars and 50 open cars. One mile single track of horse line was laid during the year, making cable track 34l||g miles, horse track 113fff$ miles; total, 148gV^ miles. Horses on hand Jan. 1, '91, 2,508; purchased, 346; 2,854: sold 193, died, 112305; horses on hand Jan. 1, '92, 2,459. Capital stock, $7,000,000. Bonds, 4% percent, $4,619,500. The net earnings of the road for the last six years were as follows: 1886, $619,253; 1887, $686,259; 1888, $683,338; 1889, $845,339; 1890, $1,'139,097; 1891, 1,338.882.61. OFFICERS OF THE COMPANY. The following directors hold office for 1892: L. Z. Leiter, D. K. Pearsons, Samuel D. Allerton, Erskine M. Phelps, James C. King. William B. Walker and George H. Wheeler. Following are the officers for 1892: George H. Wheeler, president ; James C. King, first vice- president; Erskine M. Phelps, second vice-president ; T. C. Pennington, treasurer ; F. A. Green, secretary, and M. K. Bowen, assistant superintend- ent. The president, Mr. Wheeler, is practically the superintendent. This road now carries passengers nine and one-half miles for. five cents. o o u U w THE ENCYCLOPEDIA. 213 North Chicago Street Railroad Company. Has an authorized capital of $5,000,000. The capital stock is all issued in share sof $100 each and paid up. The company was incorporated in 1886 under Illinois laws, and controls the entire street surface system in the North Division of Chicago. The company acquired title by the purchase of 2,501 shares of the capital stock of the North Chicago City Railway Company, paying therefore $600 per share. The total of shares was 5,000. The companies then entered into a mutual operat- ing agreement whereby the new company, agreed to pay to the old company $30 per share rental annually on the entire stock. The lesser company also agreed to pay the principal and interest of the bonded indebtedness of the old company and assume all other liabilities. Out of the $30 per share to be paid annually, for rental, $75,030, or the rental on the 2,501 shares, reverts to the credit of the lesser company, the owner of the shares. The issues of the new company and the issues of the old company, which are guaranteed by the former, are as follows: Capital stock, paid up, $5,000,000;'first mortgage 5 per cent, bonds (new company), $2,350,000; first mortgage 4^ per cent, bonds (old company), $500,000; second mortgage4% per cent. bonds(old company), $1,640, 000; capi- tal stock old company leased at $35 per share, $249,900. The first mortgage bondsof the Chicago Street Railway ($2,350,000) are for $500 each, bear 5 per cent, interest and due in 1906. These are secured by a mortgage covering all the property and franchises of the company, and the mortgage is held by the Fidelity Insurance, Trust ?,nd Safe Deposit Company of Philadelphia; interest payable January 1st and July 1st. The $500,000 first mortgage bonds bearing interest at 6 per cent, of the North Chicago City Railway Company, mature in 1900, interest payable January 1st and July 1st. The $1,640,000 second mortgage bonds are issued by the North Chicago City Railway Company, bear 4% per cent, interest, and are payable May 1st and November 1st at the company's office. The $249,000 as capital stock of the old company only leased to the new company at an annual rental of $35 per share. The annual fixed charges are $117,000,bearing interest at 5 per cent. on the North Chicago Street R. R. Co.'s first mortgage bonds, $2,350,000, interest at 6 per cent, on North Chicago City R. R. Co. First mortgage bonds of $500,000 $30,000, interest on $1,640,000 4% per cent. Second mortgage bonds of North Chicago Street R. R. Co. $73,800, interest on $500,000 6 per cent. 5-20s certificates of indebtedness, $30,000; rental of 2,499 shares ($30 per share) of North Chicago City Railway Co. stock, $74,970, thus making a total of $326,270. Accounts are made up each year to December 31st. The franchises of the company are very valuable, and include the right-of-way on all the principal streets in the North division, besides use of bridges and the tunnel. The company pays an annual license fee to the city of $50 per car. The mileage of all the North Side lines is over 80 miles. Part of the system is cabled. OFFICERS OP THE COMPANY. Directors, C. T. Yerkes, W. D. Meeker. W. L. Elkins, Charles Henrotin, C. A. Spring, Jr; president, C. T. Yerkes; vice-president, W. F. Furbeck; treasurer and secretary, W. D. Meeker, Office, 444 North Clark street. Registrar, Union National Bank. Stock trans- ferred at company's office. Business done in 1891 : The earnings of the North Chicago Railway Company for 1891 were $2,304,610.95; expenses, $1,221,- 408.11; net earnings, $1,083,202.84; fixed charges, $469,744.80; surplus, $613,458.04; increase of earnings in 1891 over 1890, $329,856.70; increase in expenses, $144,691.04; car mileage, 7,762,366; passengers carried, 44,343,905; trips made, 1,227,853. GLIDE TO CHICAGO. West Chicago Street Railroad Company. This company operates under lease the lines of the Chicago West Division Railroad company and the Chicago Passenger Railway company. The capital stock of the West Chicago Street Railroad company is $10,000,000. BUSINESS DONE IN 1891. The gross receipts of this company for 1891 were $4,169,200.74, an increase over 1890 of $505,819.05 ; operating expenses. $2,468,179.02; net income, $1,701,021.72, an increase of $240,407.86; appli- cable to dividends, $868,680.12. or over 8.68 per cent, on the capital stock. The miles run were 14,638,414, an increase of 2,422,511, which is equal to increasing the service of the lines 19.83 per cent. DESCRIPTION OP CABLE SYSTEM. The West Side system is the newest and most elaborate in the city and second to none in the extent of its resources, or the perfection of its general equipment, and for this reason whatever is said in a descriptive way must naturally be confined to it. This as well as the North Side road, it will be borne in mind, reaches the South Side, or business center, by way of tunnels under the Chicago river. These tunnels were built by the city, and prior to the companies in question using them were mere holes in the ground, and represented the waste of so much public money. President Yerkes, however, saw how they could be utilized to abate the bridge nuisance, and otherwise serve the people, and was quick to move in the matter of obtaining their use. In consideration of the city allowing him to use the La Salle Street tunnel he built and donated to the public two double steel steam bridges across the river, one at Wells and the other at Clark street, at a cost of over $300,000. The Washington street tunnel was in a far worse con- dition when taken hold of in fact, it had been abandoned and before it could be used had to be rebuilt at a cost of nearly $200,000. Both tunnels are now totally unlike what they were a few years ago, and the public not only recognizes the wisdom of their present use, but finds in them the aboli- tion of the former waits at the swing bridges, which is worth additional hundreds of thousands of dollars to the city every year. For the use of the Washington street tunnel the Chicago Passenger Railway Company built a new viaduct at Adams street, a new double steam bridge at the same point and moved the Madison street bridge to Washington street, placing it upon a new pier and abutments. The West Chicago Street Railway Company for the franchise on Taylor street moved the Adams street bridge to Taylor street, and placed it upon a new pier and abutments. Thus within a year two important streets have been opened to through traffic. THE MADISON STREET LINE. The West Side cable system consists of two distinct lines the Madison street line, which runs directly west, and the Milwaukee avenue line, which runs northwest. Both lines connect with the down-town "loop" hereafter referred to, and in smoothness of trackage and completeness of equipment are prepared to invite the most rigid investigation and comparison. The power for the operation of the system is supplied from three distinct power houses, all of which are supplied with the best machinery and appliances that could be obtained. The principal power-house is located at Madison and Rockwell streets, being 210x225 feet. It contains two 1,200 horse-power engines, and one of these is going night and day (moving the cars on Madison street), while the other is held in reserve in case of an accident. The cable running west to Fortieth street is driven at the rite of fourteen miles an hour, while the one running east is driven ten and a half miles an hour; the speed of THE ENCYCLOPEDIA. 215 either of them, however, can be increased at will. There is in addition a Corliss engine to propel a loop rope in the power-house, by means of which the cars can be reversed at Rockwell street, whenever it is necessary, The power-house itself is a neat and attractive structure, lighted by electricity, and surmounted by a smoke-stack 175 feet high. THE MILWAUKEE AVENUE LINE. The Milwaukee avenue power-house, located at the corner of Cleaver street, in outward appearance and general equipment is very similar to the one on Madison street. It is sup- plied with two Corliss engines of 1,200 horse-power each, which were built by Fraser & Chalmers, of Chicago. These two engines operate the entire Milwaukee avenue system, which extends from Jefferson and Washington streets to Armitage avenue. The west rope is driven at the rate of twelve miles an hour, while the east end rope is moved at the rate of ten and one-half miles. As with the Madison street ropes, their speed, however, can be increased or lessened at will. THE TUNNEL LOOP. The third power-house is located at the coiner of Jefferson and Washington streets, and is where the Company's offices are to be found. This station is furnished with two one-thousanu horse-power Cor- liss engines, which are used to operate the Washington street tunnel loop. The cars of both the Madison street and Milwaukee avenue lines are deliv- ered to the cable at this station, and by it they are drawn through the tunnel and around the loop heretofore mentioned. The service of this particular cable is very exacting. At times the heavily loaded trains are but a few seconds apart, yet there is seldom, if ever, any cause for complaint, so perfect are all the details and so elaborate the machinery and appliances. The dyna- mos for lighting the tunnel are also located at this point, as is also the base of an electric signal system which extends along the several cable lines. By this system the conductor or gripman can communicate with the power-housefl and offices at any time, which is an adjunct of alrrost incalculable advantage in keeping the 'tracks clear and promptly stopping the machinery in case of accidents from any cause. THE NEW TUNNEL AND CABLE SERVICE. During 1891 the work on the elegant new tunnel just north of Van Buren street has been pushed forward as rapidly as such work can be properly done and during the present year it will be opened for the sole use of the cars of this Company. It is much larger than either of the other tunnels and is pronounced by engineers to be perfect. This will be a grand thing for the people of the West Side, for then the bridge nuisance will be practically overcome. The cable lines on Blue Island avenue are now completed as far southwest as Twenty-sixth street, and on Halsted street from Van Buren street toO'Neil street. These lines have been substantially built, the steel girder rail used in its construction being heavier than that used by any steam road, except about one hundred miles on the New York Central, which is the same weight. The opening of these lines during the present year will cause a boom in the south and southwest portions of the city, as did the starting of the Madison street and Milwaukee avenue lines in their vicinity. NEW CARS AND EXTENSIONS. A great many new and elegant cars have been added to the equipment of the road during '91. They will be further increased during the present year. These cars are finer and larger than any heretofore built, and the management deserves great credit for their enter- prise. The windows are very large, and the cars are lighted by four chande- lier lamps. The tracks have been extended on Twelfth Street from Kedzie 216 GUibE fO CHICAGO. avenue west to Crawford avenue, and on North avenue from California avenue to Crawford avenue. The Ogden avenue line has been extended to Lawndale avenue. During the year the magnificent viaduct over the rail- road tracks on Ogden avenue will be completed, when this will be one of the finest lines in the city. The tracks on Taylor street have been laid from Canal street over the bridge to Fifth avenue. The new Madison street bridge has been swung, so that it will be seen that the West Side has not been behind in the matter of improved service and accommodations. Ordinances are now in the hands of the Council, which, if treated fairly, will secure for the people of the West Division of the city the cross-town lines, which people so badly need, and which the Company stand ready to build in fact the material for this purpose is now on hand and the lines can be in operation within six months from the passage of the ordinances. AIDS TO PUOMPT SERVICE. Delays occasioned by heavily loaded wagons breaking down on the tracks, or from fires is almost a thing of the past, thanks to the service of the Company's wrecking wagon and fire wagon. The former carries everything needed to remove a wrecked stone or coal wagon, and the latter an iron " hose bridge " for raising the fire hose over the tracks so that cars can pass underneath it. NEW DESPLAINES STEET POWER HOUSE. This new addition to the cable service of the West Side is now about completed and is perfect in every respect. It is situated on Desplaines street, just north of Washington street, and will be used to operate any new loop that may be put into service, and also as a reserve in case of any accident to the plant now in use at the corner of Washington and Jefferson streets. The new building is 25x153 feet, sur- mounted by a smoke-stack 150 feet high. The foundations cover the entire space occupied by the building. The building contains a 1,000 horse-power Corliss engine, 3(5x72. Six upright boilers, 7 feet in diameter, 18 feet 10 inches over all, each boiler containing 230 tubes 2% inches by 14 feet. This plant is arranged to use oil as fuel in order to overcome the smoke nuisance. In fact the management deserves credit for having gone to the expense of changing all of its plants to use this fuel in order to assist in abating this evil. OFFICERS OF THE COMPANY. The officers are : President, Mr. Chas. T. Yerkes; Vice-President and General Manager, Jno. B. Parsons; Secretary and Assistant General Manager, R. C. Crawford; Treasurer, Geo. E. Newlin. TRACKAGE OF THF, COMPANY. During 1892 the company laid seven and one-half miles of new track. Fifty miles of new track will probably be laid during the present year, if the company and the city council come to an understanding regarding rights of way, etc. OFFICERS OF THE COMPANY. The officers are : President, Mr. 0. T. Yerkes. Directors : C. T. Yerkes, W. L. Elkins, J. B. Parsons, R. C. Craw- ford, David R. Fraser. Other Lines Completed and Projected. The year 1891 will probably see remarkable activity in the building of rapid transit lines of city railway. Among the new lines completed, under way and projected, are the following: CALUMET ELECTRIC ROAD. This line is but the beginning of an exten- sive system to connect the various manufacturing and residence suburbs which now lack proper communication with each other. It extends from the South Chicago Rolling Mills by way of Eighty-ninth st., Mackinaw ave., Harbor ave., Ninety-third st. and Stony Island ave. to Ninety-fifth st. The THE ENCYCLOPEDIA. *17 Rae system of propulsion by means of overhead wires is employed. It dif- fers from the Sprague and the Thompson-Houston systems chiefly in hav- ing a single motor for each car instead of two smaller ones. A speed of from fifteen to twenty miles is attained with entire safety, as the road-bed is firm and the cars are strongly built, weighing more than five tons each. The curves and switches are guarded against accident by an automatic device of which Mr. Loss is the inventor. At the power-house are engines of 125 horse- power, capable of supplying the lines now in existence, that is the one opened yesterday and another already built from Pullman to Cottage Grove ave. and Eighty-seventh street. A connecting line has been opened from South Chicago to the" Pullman line at Cottage Grove avenue and One Hundred and Fourth street. As soon as practicable the system will be extended to One Hundred and Fifteenth street, through One Hundred and Fifteenth St., Michigan avenue, One Hundred and Eleventh street, and Vincennes road, around Washington Heights and Morgan Park. Further extensions will probably follow. The overhead system will be removed if an economical and other- wise suitable storage battery appears. It is said that none at present exists. CAHETTE LINES. Operated by the Russell Street Carette Company. Office of company, 148 S. Green street. Officers: A. W. Buokwood, president; W. H. Cowles, secretary and general manager ; Edward Twitty, treasurer. Organized July 19, 1889. This company operates carette lines over Madison, Adama and Rush streets, from Ashland avenue to Lincoln Park. Number of cars at present in the service, thirty-five; number of horses, three hundred. The company expects to increase its equipment during the next three years to two or three hundred cars. This is the only line that transports passengers without change, between the West and North Sides of the city, covering a portion of the South Side on the way. The Russell Carette is a more com- fortable vehicle than any yet introduced to meet the demands of the public for a conveyance which can be operated on streets without tracks. It is much larger and moves much easier than the omnibus. It is provided with a rear platform, which is as low and convenient for elderly persons as the street car platform. A conductor as well as a driver accompanies every carette and the general conduct of the vehicle is similar to that followed in the management of the street car. The carette has the advantage of being able to turn aside from its course to evade other vehicles, while it can pick up and discharge its passengers at tb e curb line. Each carette will furnish seats com- fortably for twenty persons -ten on each side and in addition there is a seat in front for at least three persons, which is very popular. While the rear platform affords standing room fora number of persons, each carette actually seats twenty-three persons, yet they frequently carry from thirty to forty per- sons at a time and have had as many as forty-seven passengers on a single trip. The carettes are nicely upholstered, contain spring seats and backs covered with Wilton carpet. The interior is finished with white, natural woods, ash and cherry being used for doors, windows, frames, etc. All trim- mings are of bronze. CICERO AND PROVISO STREET RAILWAY COMPANY. The electric line oper- ated by this company extends from the terminus of the W. Madison st. cable line, W. Madison and Fortieth sts., to Oak Park. It will be extended further west. The ride is a delightful one, passing as the line does through some of the most beautiful of our western prairie suburbs. The principal suburbs reached are Austin and Oak Park. 218 GUIDE TO CHICAGO. Contracts have been let for the construction of extensions from Harlem avenue, the present terminus, to the Desplaines river and on Desplaines avenue, from Madison street south to Twelfth street. The road is to be double tracked. The electrical equipment will be put in by the Edison General Electric Company. The rolling stock for the road built at Pullman will con- sist of twelve motor cars with twenty-five horse-power equipments to each car, geared to rtfn from twenty to twenty-five miles per hour. These cars will draw open trail cars. The new lines will be completed and in operation by August 1st. The present road is succeeding beyond the expections of its projectors and has had a wonderful effect upon the value of property along its lines. EQUITABLE TRANSPORTATION Co. A permit was recently issued in this city for the construction of an " L"road in the old town of Lake, upon the franchise guaranteed in 1889 to the Equitable Transportation Company. At this writing there seems to be no doubt but that the road will be built within the coming two years. The company has the right to build on Eighty-seventh from State street to Western avenue. This is right along the line of active growth in population, and is the territory for which the South Side alley L road is supposed to be aiming by the ordinance for the right of way along Vincennes avenue, asked for in the name of W. D. Chidester. It is also the territory for which the lately organized north and south elevated road is aim- ing. Thus there are three competitors for this territory, making it morally certain that vast improvements in transportation facilities for this region are soon to be had. The Equitable Transportation Company, by the liberal terms of its ordinance, would seem to have the decided advantage. It is given the right to erect telegraph, telephone, electric and pneumatic appliances on all its various lines. These various lines, as provided in the ordinance, are : 1. State and Thirty-ninth streets to Halsted and Thirty-ninth; on Halsted south to Vincennes or Summit avenue; southwest on either of these avenues to Eighty-sev- enth street, and tin-nee to State and Eighty-seventh. 2. State and Thirty-ninth to State and Eighty-seventh streets. 3. State and Vincennes road to Summit avenue. 4. Forty-seventh street and Center avenue to Center avenue and Eighty-seventh fctreet. 5. On Ashland avenue from Thirty-ninth to Eighty-seventh street. 6. On Western avenue from Thirty-ninth to Eighty seventh street. 7. On Wallace street from Thirty-ninth to Forty-.-econd and thence on Forty-sec- ond to Halsted. 8. On Seventy-ninth street from State to Johnson avenue, 9. From State to Halsted on Forty-third street. 10 On Sixty-ninth from State to Johnson avenue 1 . 11. On Forty-seventh street from State to Johnson avenue. 12. On Johnson avenue from Thirty-ninth to Eight 1 , -seventh street. 13. On Ashland avenue from Thirty-ninth to Eighty-seventh street. LAKE STUEKT ELEVATED RAILROAD. The superstructure of this railroad was completed from Cana! street, along Lake street on the West Side, very nearly to Union Park, in the spring of the last year. Its course in the future is entirely unsettled, but the probabilities are that it will have two branches, one extending toward the northwestern portion of the city, the other extending to the southwestern, while the main stem will follow the Hue of Lake street into Cicero, passing through the environs of Austin and Oak Park. As far as completed the road is substantially built. It will have a double track, and will be operated in a manner similar to the system employed on the New York elevated roads. The question of securing a South Side terminal that, is a starting-point on the south side of the city, or THE ENCYCLOPEDIA. 219 in the business district, is not settled. There have been several propositions regarding the establishment of a terminal east of the south branch of the river, but all have been abandoned for the time being at least. The probable route of the line through the business district is via the alley -ways parallel- ing Lake street, from Market street east. MILWAUKEE AVENUE ELEVATED ROAD. The Chicago Transit Company, with a capital stock of $12,000,000, was granted articles of incorporation last year by the Secretary of State. The incorporators are: J.M.Hannahs, who is Vice-president of the Elevated road which expects to run up Mil- waukee avenue; H. M. Taylor, and G. W. Stanford. The incorporators say they intend to construct a road that will furnish rapid transit for the North Side residents from some point on the river between State and Market and to build their road on private property, which they will acquire by pur- chase, lease, or condemnation to some portion of the city where the streets are less crowded. The road will run from the Chicago River to Waukegan, but it is probable it will be elevated only to Evanston, beyond it will be a surface road. The motive power will be electricity. NEW ELECTKIC ROAD. A new electric road has been projected for North Side, Chicago. The proposed route is from Diversey avenue on Evanston avenue to the Ridge road, along the Ridge road to Oakton avenue. At this point a T will be formed by one lice running east to Calvary Cemetery and another west, connecting the main line with the Montrose cut-off. The road will open up for settlement an entirely new section of country, and be of great benefit to South Evanston. RANDOLPH STREET ELEVATED RAILROAD. The company which projected this line, to penetrate the West Division from the heart of the city , via Randolph St., has met with some obstacles in the courts, and its future movements are uncertain. SOUTH END ELECTRIC RAILWAY. A new corporation; capital, $100,000. The plan is to connect the territory on the ridge with the Pullman electric lines at One Hundred and Fifteenth, One Hundred and Eleventh, One Hundred and Third, and Ninety-fifth streets, and also to connect at the latter with the Calumet Electric street railroad for South Chicago. The road will be one of the best in the country. The rails used will be of the girder type, weighing seventy pounds to the yard. The electrical apparatus is to be of the very best, involving some new features whereby all noise is obviated and a high rate of speed can be maintained if necessary. SOUTH SIDE ALLEY " L " ROAD. An elevated railroad running from Van Buren street south to 39th over the alley between State street and Wabash avenue and projected to the Indiana Stale line. The line up to this writing is almost wholly completed between Van Buren and 39th streets. It will be ready for rolling stock during the present summer. Nothing is definitely known as to the course the main line or its branches may take after leaving 39th street. Various maps showing the course of the road have been pub- lished, and some of them, perhaps, with authority, but they are all subject to change. The company haying the project in hand was belayed in its opera- tions during the year 1891 on account of a scarcity of funds, but toward the close of the year named, $3,600,000 were raised and the work was pushed rapidly forward. The equipments of the road will be first-class. Handsome depot buildings at the street intersections have been erected. It is expected 2.20 GUIDE TO CHCAGO. that the facilities afforded by this road will greatly relieve the strain whica is now felt by the South Side Cable Car Company, while it will assist still further in developing the territory lying south of 39th street. It is under- stood that the alley elevated railroad will not extent north of Van Bureu street for some time, if ever. Mr. L. Z. Leiter, it is said, is heavily interested in the enterprise now and probably will control it in the future. It will be a part of his plan, if so, to locate the northern terminal of the line at Van Buren street in the vicinity of his great building and in a locality where he has immense property interests. It is the deteimination of Mr. Ltiter and cithers associated with him to establish in that vicinity the business center which the erection of the Auditorum rendered certain some years ago. Mr. Leiler, it is well known, is a large stock-holder in the Chicago City Railway Company (the South S.de cable line). He is also interested in the North Side Company. The West Division Railway Company will have completed the construction of a tunnel at the close of the present jear at Van Buren street, and the Norih Side road is credited with the intention of extending its cable line to the Polk Street depot, and the South bide Company, as is well understood, co operates with the Alley Elevated Road. Everything in the way of rapid transporta- tion turns toward Van Buren street as a center and the determination has been expressed frequently among capitalists capable of carrying it out that Van Buren street shall be an artery of trade second to none in the city. There are some projects for the construction of arcades from State street acioss to 3d avenue, to connect the new business center with the old quarter, around the Board of Trade, and south of that point. One of these is a scheme for a connection from a point near the head of Congress street. The exact method of forming a convenient terminus for the Alley Elevated road has not been decided upon, but it will be a loop or a stub, the effect of which will be to discharge passengers in large numbers at Congress and Van Buren streets, mainly, no doubt, on the former. The Alley Elevated Railroad can never be a completed line until it shall have at least penetrated the Jackson Park district. It is understood that every effort will be put forth in that direction so that the line will be in full operation before the opening of the World's Columbian Exposition in the spring of 1893. Wabash Avenue Sub-Railway Transportation Company. Articles of incor- p .ration of the Wabash Avenue Sub-Railway Transportation were filed early in 1891. According to the articles it is proposed to build a sub-railway com- mencing at a point at the north line of the Chicago River, at the south end of Cass street, in the city of Chicago, thence running south under the center line of Wabash avenue to Eighty-first street. The capital stock is $10,000,- 000. The iucorporators and first board of directors are George W. Cole, Maria E. Beasley, J. Warren Pease, Silas Rhodes and Pleasant Amick. The electric overhead system will be used. CLUBS ATHLETIC, SPORTING, ETC. Athletic Club Houses. Amo*ng the leading athletic club houses of the city are: The new home of the Chicago Athletic Association, on Michigan ave., between Madison and Monroe; the Fairaput Club House; the Illinois Cycling Club House, 1068 Washington Bd.; the Lincoln Club, No. 1, Park ave.; the Chicago Cricket Club, Parkside, the Englewood Club, and the Oak Park Cycling Club House now being built at the coiner of Oakwood Bd. and Prairie ave. [Engraved for The Standard Guide Company.] AREND'S DRUG STORE -MADISON ST. AND FIFTH AVE. [See "Guide."] THE ENCYCLOPEDIA. 221 Base Ball Clubs. In 1891 there wps one professional base ball club in this city, under the managtment of the National League. There are two base ball grounds, one on the West Side and one on the South Side. Van Buren street horse ears reach he former; State street cable cars and L. S. & M. S. Railway the latter. " The Chicago Ball Club " office, 108 Madison street; president, James A. Hart; secretary, F. H. Andrus; treasurer, John A. Brown. " Chi- cago City Base Ball League " comprises eight clubs. Offices, 108 Madison street and 145 Monroe street; president, James C. Moodey, vice-president, Virgil M. Brand;" secretary, Ferd Wirtz; treasurer, John S. Burke; mana- ger, Frank Rheims. PARKS North: Halsted street and North avenue; take C. M. & St. P. train (Evanston Division) or North Halsted street horse car. South: Thirty ninth street and Wentworth avenue; take Wabash avenue cable car. Went: Ogden avenue and Rockwell street; take Ogden avenue horse car. WESTERN ASSOCIATION OP BASE BALL CLUBS Meets at 108 Madison street; president, L. C. Kransthoff , Kansas City, Mo. Boat and Yacht Clubs. CATLIN BOAT CLUB, Lake shore, foot of Pearson. President, Charles Catlin; secretary and treasurer, T. P. Hillinan. CHICAGO CANOE CLUB A boating organization of the South Side; member of the West- ern Canoe Association; boat house foot of Thirty-seventh st. C. W. Lee, purser. CHICAGO YACHT CLUB Commodore, A. J. Fisher; secretary, Harry Duvall, 655 Rookery building; treasurer, F. W. S Brawley. COUNTESS YACHT CLUB Room 25, 6, Sherman. President, Sidney W. Woodbury; treasurer, E. W. Heinck. EVANSTON BOAT CLUB Located on Sheridan road (Lake Shore drive) in the suburb of Evanston. Take train at Wells street depot, Wells apd Kinzie sts., North Side, or at Union depot, Canal and Adams sts., West Side. Officers: Frank Winne, president; George Lunt, vice-president; E. G. Angle, secretary; J. B. Ide, treasurer, and James Judd, captain. The club house is an elegant one, and it is the center of the social life of the younger portion of Evanston's society. Among the events looked forward to with pleasurable anticipations by Evanston people is the annual regatta given by the club. Rowing has become a popular amusement with the youngpeople of the town. Many ladies have become experts, and almost any fine day their barks can be seen skimming the surface of the lake. FARRAGUT BOAT CLUB Located at 3016 and 3018 Lake Park ave. Take Cottage Grove avenue cable line. Organized in 1872. Occupiosa handsome brick building, two stories and base- ment. In the basement are the bowling alley, pool room and lavatories; on the first floor are the parlors, reception room, billiard room, card room and library. On the second floor are a dancing hall and theatre, with equipment of scenery, etc., and seating capacity of 400. A seriesof entertainments are given during the winter seasons. The boat house of the club is a one-story brick building on the south snore, foot of Thirty -third st. The club owns about twenty five boats, including an eight-oared barge, four-oared shells, four-oared gigs, single and double shells, single and double training-boats and pleasure boats of all descriptions. Admission fee, $50; annual dues, $24. Officers: president, C. F. Bryant; secretary, E. M. Shinner; treasurer, Frank M. Staples; captain, E. 8. Hunter. FARRAGUT NAVAL ASSOCIATION op CHICAGO Meets third Thursdays. Commodore, J. J. Sullivan ; executive officer, C. B. Plattenberg ; paymaster, Thomas L. Johnson ; secretary, William S. Kaufman. LINCOLN PARK YACHT CLUB Organized in 1890. Officers: Commodore, James J. Wilson; vice-commodore, S. S. Johnson; rear 222 GUIDE TO CHCAGO. commodore, A. E. Back; treasurer, H/ A. Paus; secretary, C. O. Andrews; committee on membership, E C. Benniman, D. D. Button, C. Johnson. The club consists in the main of those yachtmen, who, during the last season, kept their craft in the new slip at Lincoln Park inside of the new drive that is being constructed along the old Lake-Shore drive, several hundred feet out in the lake. This new slip is the only place around Chicago that can be called a yacht harbor, and, although not completed and not as handy as might be, owing to the continuance of the work on the drive, was used last season by about ten or a dozen yachts as permanent shelter. The owners of these yachts have noworganized as a club for co-operation in matters concerning yacht in;.', for economy and safety in taking care of the boats, and in order to be able to look after their interests in submitting suggestions or requests to the Park Commissioners with reference to the new drive and the harbor it encloses. OGDEN BOAT CLUB Lake Shore, foot of Superior. President, J. V. Clarke, Jr.; secretary, J. D. Caidwell; treasurer, J. B. Waldo; captain, W. R. Cregier. Chicago Athletic Association. The idea of organizing the above associa- tion and building for it a suitable home originated with one or two of the present members in January, 1889. Object of the association : to encourage all manly sports and promote physical culture. Present number of members, 1,500, including many of the li-ading business and professional men of the city. Location of new gymnasium building, Michigan-avenue, between Mad- ison and Monroe, facing east, only a short walk from the business center. This magnificent home for the Chicago Athletic Association was begun in February of the past year. The new building contains the largest and best- equipped athletic club house in the United States, and cost $500,000. The ground upon which it stands measures 80x172 feet. The building is of a sub- stantial character, with.a front of yellowish brick and gray stone in Venetian style, with tall, diamond-cut windows covering the fourth and fifth floors, which are thrown into one so as to give ample height to the gymnasium. The eighth story has balconies large enough to set tables and chairs upon for those who want to enjoy the fresh air and the prospect upon Lake Michigan. That floor is us(d for the dining rooms. The ninth and tenth stories have no win- dows, being lighted by skylights, as they are set apart for the ball courts. The basement contains eight bowling alleys, reaching under the sidewalk ; a shooting gallery, running the whole depth of the building ; a bicycle storage room, with lockers, and connected by an incline with the bicycle club room on the first floor ; large storage and repair rooms and the boilers and machinery. The first story is reached by a spacious vestibule in the center of the front, with the business office and reception and coat rooms on either side. A large hall at the top of the steps opens into the lavatory, barber shop and dressing rooms, back of which are the Turkish and Russian baths, a swimming tank measuring 40xGO feet, and a lounging room. Another door leads from the hall to the bicycle club room, which has a separate entrance from the street to admit wheelmen and their machines, the object being to make it convenient for bicyclists to ride up to the door of the building, store their machines, put on their business suits and leave their wheels there during the day. The second story consists of a large hall in front, with a cafe at the south end, separated by a colonnade, and a billiard room with twenty-six tables. Between the two main rooms are small apartments for the billiard markers and lavatory and serving room. The third floor contains a library and reading room at the southeast end. THE ENCYCLOPEDIA. 223 with two club rooms adjoining, lavatory, drying room, linen room and office. The rear half is given up to thirty-seven baths, with 1,500 lockers and 106 dressing rooms. The gymnasium occupies the fourth and fifth stories. Three rooms are used for special apparatus, leaving for the gymnasium proper a larger space than is given to any other similar institution in the country. The running track is on a balcony at the height of the fifth story, so as not to interfere with the work of gymnasts. The length of the track is ten laps to the mile. The sixth and seventh stories are occupied by bed- rooms, sixty-six in" number, with the necessary baths and other requisites. The eighth story is taken up by dining rooms, there being one large general dining room and several private rooms, with the store rooms, kitchen, etc., in the rear. The balconies on this floor can be used by dinner parties. The ninth and tenth stories are thrown into one and contain two racquet courts, a tennis court and five courts with a parlor and marker's rooms. Everything is finished with more regard to substantiality than elegance. The baths are finished with tile and marble, nickel-plated pipes, etc., in the most durable manner. The lounging room on the first floor has two fire-places and a col- onnade opening into the swimming-tank. It is furnished with comfortable chairs, divans and lounges. Each of the dressing rooms has a lounge and is comfortably fitted up. Membership limited to 2,000. The initiation fee is $100 for active members and $50 for non-resident members, with annual dues of $40 and $20 respectively. The government of the association is vested exclusively in a board known as t be " board of governors." This consists of twenty -one members chosen by ballot and the gentlemen now constituting the board are : C. L. Hutchin- son, president; N. B. Ream, vice-president; James S. Gibbs, treasurer; R. C. Nickerson, secretary; Joseph Adams, (Jhas. Schwartz, Warren M. Salisbury; B. B. Lamb, M. C. Lightner, Henry Ives Cobb, N. K. Fairbank, Eugene S. Pike, A. G. Hpulding, W. Vernon Booth, Egbert Jamieson, Joseph T. Bowen Cyrus II. McCormick, H, P. Crane, Wm. H. Hubbard, W. S. McCrea. This board has full and absolute power over all the property of the association and complete management of it. It has also special powers calculated to regulate the life of the club-house. That its management thus far has been wise and salutary for the association is the conviction of all connected with it. Chicago Curling Club. Curling was introduced into Chicago in 1854. At the start the Chicago Club was composed exclusively of Scotchmen, but since that time it has grown and extended its membership, including several Americans and members of other nationalities. Meets at 83 Madison st. The present officers of the club are: President, David Hogg; vice- president, James McWhirter; secretary, James Duncan; treasurer; Alexander White; representative to the Grand National Curling Club, James White; committee of management, John Campbell, James Ralston, Dtniel McKay, Richard Pritchard and Robert McWhirter; honorary members, James Alston, Andrew Wallace, Robert Clark and Alexander Kirkland; regular members, John Angus, John Camp- bell, James Duncan, Frank Grady, David Hogg, Robert C. Harper, Alex- ander D. Hannah, James B. Hill, E. W. Kibbie, Walter Keeran, William Manson, Frank Manson, Daniel Manson, John McArthur, Daniel McKay, James McWhirter, George Hoffman, Thomas Nicholson, John Pettigrew, Richard Pritchard, John T. Raffen, James R'Uston.Georce Wood, Alexander 224 GUIDE TO CHICAGO. White, Alexander Watson, G.Barron, E.Hall, Archibald Savage andG. Ham- mond. Under the rules of the National Curling Club the club members are not allowed to play matches for money, as from the very beginning every effort has been maile to keep the game pure and free even from the semblance of gambling. The rules do not prohibit games between members, however, for some trophy. The rule in the Chicago Club has been to play matches for certain amounts of money, the winners to donate the spoils to some charity. Chicago Fencing and Boxiivj Club. Organized 1890. Club rooms, 106 E. Randolph street. The objectof the organization -was to increase the interest in local amateur athletic circles. Officers: President, T. W. Sprague; first vice-president, C. H. Chamberlain; second vice-president, F. E. Willard; secretary, F. H. Wightman; treasurer, C. R. Calhoun; captain, Otto Hassel; first lieutenant, C. T. Essig; second lieutenant, J. P. Keary. The instructor in boxing is Prof . George Siler, one of the oldest and best known boxers in America. The club gives frequent public exhibitions. UNION ATHLETIC CLUB President, J. F. Cook. Meets at 200 Adams street. CHICAGO ATH- LETIC PLEASURE CLUB Officers: G. S. Smallwood, president and manager; P. Mahouey, vice-president; J. Dullaghan, Jr., secretary, and W. D. Fenner, treasurer. Cricket Clubs. CHICAGO CRICKET ASSOCIATION Annual meeting 1st Tues- day in April at Grand Pacific. Officers: President, W. P. Griswold; first vice-president, F. Wilde; second vice-president, H. A. Watson; secretary, E. J.Tomlins,238 Randolph st. CHICAGO CRICKET CLUB (incorporated) Meets room 5, 170 State. ST. GEORGE CRICKET CLUB Secretary , W. Lovegrove, 710 N. Wells. WANDERERS' CRICKET AND ATHLETIC CLUB One of the fore- most athletic clubs of Chicago. Composed of cricketers, sprinters, rowers, etc. CycUnrj Clubs. Among the cycling organizations of Chicago are the following BICYCLE CLUBS' ASSOCIATION, composed of the wheelmen of the various clubs of the city. The objects of this association are to secure harmonious and concerted action in all matters of general interest to wheel- men in Chicago and vicinity, particularly in such matters as municipal legis- lation, improvements of streets and roads, the prevention of the theft of wheels, to spread a knowledge of the rights, duties and privileges of wheel- men, to promote road and track racing, to foster fraternal club intercourse and, as far as possible, to aid the state and national organizations of the League of American Wheelmen. The delegates and the cycling clubs repre- sented by them are as follows: CHICAGO CYCLING CLUB S. A. "Miles, L. B. Sherman andM. A. Hosgood. ILLINOIS CYCLING CLUB T. L. Sloan, A. J. Street and W. A. Davis. LINCOLN CYCLING CLUB William Herrick, J. M. Irwiu and R. G. Betts. WASHINGTON CYCLING CLUB L. W. Conkling, B. B. Ayresand Frank Barrow. DOUGLAS CYCLING CLUB C. H. Wachter, J. C. Wachterand A. W. Miller. ^EOLUS CYCLING CLUB J. A. Erickson, R. H. Ehret and A. W. Roth. OAK PARK CYCLING CLUB C. A. Sturtevant, C. E. Fox~ and A. T. Merrick. ENGLEWOOD CYCLING CLUB H. A. Stoddard, F. H. Gere and R. Rees. LAKE VIEW CYCLING CLUB LeRoy Cram, E. C. Wescott and E. L. Ward. VIKINGS BICYCLE CLUB Carl Dietrich, F. A. Kern and H. Behrens. The association controls 1,500 political votes and will support candidates favorable to wheelmen and wheeling. AMERICAN CYCLING CLUB President, C. W. Patterson; secretary, H. M. Kimball. THE ENCYCLOPEDIA. 225 CHICAGO CYCLING CLUB Club house located at Lake ave. and Fifty-seventh St., Hvde Park Centre. Take Illinois Central train, foot of Randolph or Van Buren St., or Cottage Grove avenue cable line. This is one of the largest cycling organizations in the country. Its membership consists of about 300 wheelmen, from all parts of the South Side, their runs being on the beautiful boulevards and avenues of the South Park system. President, C. E. Randall; treasurer, R. Powell; secretary, Qeo. Kretsinger. COOK COUNTY WHEELMEN An off-shoot of the Washington Cycling Club, recently organized. Officers: C. E. Graham, president; A. B. McLean, Jr., vice- president; G. Howard Cornell, secretary; W. E. Brooks, Jr., treasurer; E. C. W. Macholdt and C. H. Hinson, directors; W. u. Whitson, captain; RobertC. Craigie, first lieutenant; Bert Salvage, second lieutenant; C. G. Sinsabaugh, third lieutenant; A. L. Holtslander, color-bearer; F. A. Beach, bugler. DOUGLAS CYCLING CLUB A large organization of wheelmen. Officers: J. C. VVachter, president; C. Kopi, vice-president-. Fred Maack. secretary; J. G. Loebstein, Jr., financial" secretary; Ed Blettner, treasurer; A. W. Miller, captain; H. B. Walker, William Slavik, board of directors; C. H. Wachter, A. A. Wendell, surgeons. Club house, 586 W. Taylor st. ILLINOIS CYCLING CLUB Located at 1068 Washington blvd., just west of the railroad crossing, south side of street. Take Madison street cable line to Campbell ave. The building is a four-story brick, built expressly for the club, and is arranged for the convenience and comfort of cyclers. The interior is elegantly furnished. There are billiard-rooms, card-rooms, recep- tion parlors, etc. The club has a large membership. The officers are: President, T. L. Sloan; vrce president, H. C. Knisely; secretary, W. A. Davis; treasurer, George A. Mason; directors, C. R. Street, John Hohmann, H. L. Barnum; captain, E. J. Roberts; first lieutenant, Charles Hagaman; second lieutenant, H. E. Krause; third lieutenant, H. G. Chisholm; fourth lieutenant; George Skeer; color-bearer, John Palmer; bugler. S. C. Beach; librarian, H. J. Winn; quartermaster, C. H. Stevens. LAKE VIEW CYCLING CLUB Located at Lake View, Chicago. Officers: President, C. Edgar Wescott; vice-president, LeRoy T. Cram; secretary, Robert E. Ward; treasurer, Harry Parsons; captain, F. R. McDonald; lieutenant, C. Arnold Wescott; color-bearer, Irving Telling. The four executive officers and captain comprise the board of directors. LINCOLN CYCLING CLUB 235 La Salle ave. President, T. W. Gerould; secretary, W. F. Hochkirk. OAK PARK CYCLING CLUB Located at Oak Park, a suburb of Chicago; has a large membership. Following are the officers: President, C. A. Sturtevant ; vice- president, Thomas H. Gale; secretary, Ed Burin gton; treasurer, R. T. Miller; board of directors, J. M. Stimpson. Dr. De Vour, Harry Pebbles; captain, J.' M. Stimpson; first lieutenant, O. L. Cox; second lieutenant, Charles Steiners; color-bearer, James C. Carter; quartermaster, C. O. Lud- Jow: bugler, A. T. Starkweather; delegates to associated cycling clubs, J. M. Stimpson, C. A. Sturtevant, C. E. Fox. WASHINGTON CYCLING CLUB 650 W. Adams. President, Burton i ? . White; secretary, Alberf J.Elliott; treasurer, Frank Barron. Hand Ball Courts. There are a number of hand ball courts or "alleys" in Chicago, the best being McGurn's, located on Division st. , North Side. Take Division st. car. Among the leading hand ball plavers of the city are Thomas E. Barrett, John T. McGurn, Peter O'Brien. Mart Scanlan, Hugh O'Brien, William McGurn, Dennis Cronin, John Nagle, Captain James. 226 GUIDE TO CHICAGO. Pumphry, of the fire department ; Marshal Campion, David Gushing, John Healey, Charles Dolan, Catcher Buckley, of theNational League; John Car- mody, Captain John Hall, of the fire department; ex-Alderman James O'Brien, Hugh Harrity, Con Dwyer, Thomas Loftus, John McDonough, Joseph Mc- Laughlin, Thomas McCormack and John Coleman. Horse Associations. AMERICAN HORSE SHOW ASSOCIATION 182 Monroe. President, H. J. McFarland; secretary, Hobart C. Taylor; treasurer, E. S. Brewster; general manager, E. C. Lewis. CENTRAL PARK DRIVING ASSOCIA- TION President and treasurer, J. T. Rawleigh; secretary, W. H. Kane, 173 La Salle. [See Washington Park Club.] Hunting, Fishing and Gun Clubs. AUDTTBON CLUB Meets second Tues- day in each quarter at Kern's, 110 La Salle. President, Chas. Kern; secre- tary and treasurer, William W. Foss. CHICAGO CUMBERLAND GUN CLT:P, Organized in 1881. Located in Lake county, 111. Itsdub house and grounds were formerly the property of the sons of an English nobleman. Lord Parker, and cost th-at gentleman about $60,000. It is one of the finest pieces of hunt ing club property in the country. Fifty miles from the city, equipped superbly for all purposes of this character, invaluable as a hunting ground for feathered game, in a healthful locality, the Cumberland's quarters in Lake county offer a permanent temptation t) the sportsmen of the club. The officers -for the first year were these : President. John M. Smyth ; vice-president. Frederick B. Norcom; secretary, Charles K. Herrick; treasurer, John .Heiland ; board of managers, Stephen Rymal, Charles D. Gammon, Mictael Eich. The officers for the present year are: President, H. I). Nichols; vice-president, James Gardner; secretary, William L. Shepard; treasurer, John Heiland. Board of managers, Harry D. Nicholls, Charles D. Gammon, Walter Mat- tocks. CUMBERLAND GUN CLUB Meets at Sherman House. President, Chas. K. Herrick; treasurer, J. Heiland ; secretary, W. L Shepard, 164 La Salle. CHICAGO RIFLE CLUB President, S. M. Tyrrell ; secretary and treas- urer, W. H. Chenoweth, 76 West Monroe. CHICAGO SHAKPSHOOTERS' ASSO- CIATION Meets first Monday at 49 La Salle st. President, E Thielepappe; secretary, Orcas Matthae; treasurer, W. Burck. CHICAGO SHOOTING CLUB Meets at Sherman House club room. President, R. B. Organ ; secretary and treasurer, John Matter. DIANA HUNTING CLUB Clubhouse at Thayer, Ind. President, J. Press; secretary, J. A. Kreutzberg. ENGLISH LAKE HUNTING AND FISHING CLUB Located at English Lake, Indiana. The club was organized by a number of Chicago gentlemen in 1878 and has prospered since its birth. It is not a regularly incorporated body, but is very-wealthy notwithstanding, and its club house is one of the best and most comfortably equipped in the State. The house is a fine frame structure of twenty rooms, and surrounding it are 6,000 acres of marsh-lands. These are the property of the club and abound in duck, snipe, prairie chicken and geese. The members of the English Lake Club who find pleasure in angling are furnished with excellent opportunities in the lake. Among the game fish in its waters are bass, pickerel and pike. Officers: A. M. Fuller, president; J. M. Adams, vice-president ; R. W. Hosmer, treasurer, and A. W. Cobb, secretary. CHICAGO FLY CASTING CLUB Meets at Sherman House. Presi- dent, A. H. Harryman; W. H. Babcock, vice-president; C. E. Kenyon, secre- tary and treasurer. Fox LAKE SHOOTING AND FISHING CLUB Meets at theTre- THE ENCYCLOPEDIA. 227 mont House. President, A. V. Hartwell; secretary, G. M. Millard. 117 Wabash avenue; treasurer, W. D. Cooper. Fox RIVER FISH AND GAME ASSOCIATION An association for the preservation of fish and game in the Fox rive* district. President, George E. Cole; directors, H. L. Hirtz, C. A. Knight. John Stephens, C. F. Hills, George -E. Cole, John Wilkin- son, L. M. Hamburgher, George R. Davis, O. J. Weidener and James Gardner. FORT DEARBORN SHOOTING CLUB President, H. D. Nichols-; A. Klineman, vice-president; C. K. Herrick, secretary and treasurer. GRAND CALUMET HEIGHTS CLUB President, W. L. Pierce; secretary, G. E. Marshall; meets quarterly at the Sherman House. LAKE GEORGE SPORTSMAN'S ASSOCIATION Meets second Thursdays in each quarter at Sher- man House. President, Jas.W. Sheahan; secretary, J. S. Orvis. LAKE VIEW RIFLE CLUB Meets Saturdays at 2 p. M. , at Rifle Range. Colebour. President, N. S. Warren; secretary, W. W. Holden. MAK-SAW-BA SHOOTING CLUB Meets at Sherman House; club house at Davis Station, Ind. President, T. Benton Leiter; vice-president, L. R. Brown; secretary, W. R. Smith. MIN- NEOLA FISHING CLUB Club House at Fox Lake, 111. President, O. H. Roche; secretary and treasurer, J. G. Divenn. MISSISSIPPI VALLEY AMATEUR ROW- ING ASSOCIATION President, W. R. Moore, Moline, 111.; secretary, D. R. Martin, Pullman, 111. ; NORTH CHICAGO SCHUETZEN VEREIN Meets second Tuesdays at 267 North avenue. President, F. W. Labahn; secretary, H. R. Zemple, 244 North avenue. SPORTSMAN'S CLUB Meets third Thursday in each quarter at Sherman House. President, C. N. Holdeu; vice-president, Charles Hadwen; secretary and treasurer, A. W. Carlisle, 1001 Rookery building. THE GUN CLUB Meets at Sherman House. President, F. C. Don- ald; secretary and treasurer, C. E. Willard. TOLLESTON CLUB Club grounds near Tolleston, Lake county, Ind.; composed of Chicago business men of sporting taste. One of the wealthiest clubs in the United States. The club was originally organized in 1871 by a number of Chicago gentlemen, who had for years resorted to the marshes of the Calumet, near Tolleston, in Lake county, Ind., for the purpose of shooting the duck and chicken for which these marshes are noted. They called tue organization " Tolleston Club" simply and purchased sixty acres of land close to the marshes and known as Van der Naillen farm. On this land, which is somewhat elevated, arose the first Tolleston clubhouse. The house has of late years been vastly improved and enlarged, until now it possesses every comfort. Twenty-two large rooms are finely furnished and nothing is wanting to make the quarters worthy of the tenants, among whom are numbered a hundred or more of Chicago's wealthiest citizens. The officers of the club are: President, F. A. Howe; vice-president, W. R. Linn; secretary, George P. Wells; treasurer, C. D. Peacock; board of directors, C. C. Moeller, James Wright, P Schuttler, J. N. Grouse, S. M. Moore; superintendent of club house, Willard West. UNION SHOOTING AND FISHING CLUB Club house at Fox Lake, 111.; meets third Tuesdays each quarter at Grand Pacific. President, John G. Beazley; secretary and treasurer, J. C. McCord, 116 La Salle, room 24. WESTERN. RIFLE ASSOCIATION Secretary and treasurer, W. H. Chenoweth, 76 W. Monroe. Indoor Base Ball Clubs. There are " Indoor Base Ball Clubs" connected with nearly every social club of prominence in the city, besides a great num- ber of independent organizations in city and suburbs. There are two leading "leagues" of Indoor Base Ball Clubs the "Midwinter" and Chicago 228 GUIDE TO CHICAGO. ludoor Base Ball League. The gime was very popular and fashionable in Chicago last winter and thi probabilities are that it will continue to be so for more seasons to come. The game is of Chicago invention and followed what came to be known as the " Roller Skating Craze." The ball used is of large size and made of a yielding substance. The bat is 2 % feet long and 1% incheS'in diameter at the larsje end. The four bases are each 1% feet square, each filled with sand. They are not secured to the floor, and a man may slide in and carry the base with him. The pitcher's box is six by three feet, and is marked on the floor in chalk. The nearest line is 22 feet from the home plate. The bases are 27 feet from each other, forming a diamond. The distance from home to second base by a straight line is 37^ feet. Eight or nine men may be played on a side and only rubber-soled shoes are used. The leading teams are La Salles. Kenwoods. Oaks of Austin, Idlewilds of Evanston, Carletons, Marquettea, Farraguts. rml Ashlands, of the Midwinter League, and the Harvards, Lincoln Cycling Club, Chicago Cycling Club. and South Side Illinois Club of the Indoor League. Tennis Clubs. CHICAGO TF.NNIS CLUB 2901 Indiana ave. EXCELLO TENNIS CLUB Secretary, E. U. Kirabark, 183 Monroe. NORTH END TEN- MS CLUB President, Wm. Waller; secretary, A. T. H. Brower, State, corner Burton pi. Union Athletic Club. 52 State st. President, J. F. Cook; secretary, J. A Bar key, 113 N. Peoria. Western Association of Base Ball Clubs Office 108 Mauisbn st. Presi- dent, L. C. Krauthoff, Kansas City. CLUBS GENTLEMEN'S AND SOCIAL. Acacia Club. A social organization, 105 Ashland ave., West Side. ^Eolus Club. A social organization. Officers: President, H. B. Keats; vice-president, A. W. Roth: second vice-president, S. Wittenberg; corres- ponding secretary, T. J. Svvenie; financial secretary, H. J. Freeman; treasu- rer, C. P. Kennedy; quartermaster, J. B. Wilson; librarian, E. Andrews; directors, J. Mohr, Al Christiansen, and S. W. Wolf. Apollo Club. A musical organization of prominence and high standing in the city, of which Prof. W. L. Tomlins is the director. It has through the tireless energy and splendid talents of its leader and his ability to impart his profound knowledge of musical art in a practical way, attained a high plane of artistic effect. Argo Club Club house situated on Lake Michigan at the extreme end of the Illinois Central pier. It is a floating structure and the object of locat- ing it on the water is to secure for the members the cool breezes which blow across the water in the summer season. It is in reality neither a boat nor a house, and yet both combined. It is built entirely of wood aiidcost $15,000. If it were built on shore a fire ordinance governing the building of frame structures within the city limits would swell the expenditure to twice that size. The kitchen and store rooms are in the hold. The main saloon is above, and this room is elaborately finished in mahogany and curly maple. From the tables, which are scattered about the saloon, the club men and their guests are a.fforded a splendid view of the lake. The state-rooms are on still another deck, end above this is the .hurricane or promenade deck, where the [Engraved for The Standard Guide Company."! CHICAGO HERALD BUILDING, 154-158 WASHINGTON ST. [See " Newspapers."] THE ENCYCLOPEDIA. 229 orchestra is stationed at all receptions. From top to bottom this half ship, half house, is furnished in the most luxuriant style and the gymnasium or athletic equipment is not surpassed by any semi-aquatic club in the country. Nearly one hundred names are on the roll of membership. Ashland Club. Located at 575 Washington boulevard, corner Wood street, organized in October, 1886. It is the leading, as well as the largest, social organization on the West Side. The present membership is 500, to which number it is limited by the by-laws of the club. The club house is a handsome and commodious structure. It contains parlors and reception rooms, a ban- quet hall capable of seating 200 persons ; an assembly hall with a floor space 60x80 feet, the largest of the kind in Chicago, provided with a stage, with complete settings suitable for theatricals, concerts, lectures, etc., far the exclus- ive use of the club ; billiard room with twelve tables, library and reading rooms, wash and bath rooms, kitchen, servants' rooms, bowling alleys, cafe, etc. The balls and other elegant entertainments given by the club have made it a recognized social leader: The buildings and grounds cost $85,000. The admission fee is $50 ; annual dues $40. A. E. G. Goodridge is president and A. N. Marquis, secretary. Bankers' Club. An association of the leading bankers of the city. They give an annual banquet, to which distinguished guests are invited. Offi- cers President, E. G. Keith; vice-president, John C. Black; secretary, James D. Sturges; executive committee, John C. Neely, W. F. Dummer and John C. Black. Bichloride of Gold Club, of Chicago. Organized on the 28th of July, 1891, Composed of graduates of the Keely institute atDwight and its various branches. Meets at 155 Washington street. Lesley E. Keeley, M. D., LL. D., honorary president for life. First officers: President, Opie P. Read .first vice- present, Thomas F. Murray ; second vice-president, D. W. Wood ; third vice president, John Dillon ; treasurer, Dr. W. F. Standiford ; secretary, C. E. Banks; corresponding secretary, N. A. Reed, Jr.; directors, P. W. Snow- hook, N. A. Reed, Jr., Frank A. Moore, Louis A. Rexford, H. H. Boyington and Charles H. Sampson. Present officers: O. W .Nash, president; George B. Booth, secretary ; N. A. Reed, Jr.; corresponding secretary ; C. H. Sampson, treasurer. This club has done a marvelous amount of good work since its organization, it has sent to Dwight for treatment many needy per- sons, and up to this writing not a single relapse has been reported. The Chicago club is incorporated under the laws of the Slate of Illinois. The incorporators were : Louis A. Rexford, Nate A. Reed, Jr., W. Grant Rich- ardson, Homer H. Boyington, Frank A. Moore, Opie P. Reed and William A. Standiford. Bichloride of Gold Club of Dwight. Located at Dwight, 111 . , seventy- two miles southwest of Chicago. Take the Chicago & Alton railway. Or- ganized April, 1871, in a blacksmith shop by a few graduates of the Keeley Institute. Object of the club, the affiliation of those who have taken the Kefiley treatment at Dwight, or any of the legitimate branches of the Kteley Institute. This is the parent club of all the Bichloride of Gold Clubs in the world. Its meeting place for many months was in a disused Presbyterian church to which a large addition or annex was built. The club has a mem- bership at present (summer of 1892) of about 5.000. These members in turn became connected, upon leaving Dwight, with the various Bichloride of Gold Clubs in other parts of the country. The badge of the club is a horse- 230 .GUIDE TO CHICAGO. shoe in token of the place where the first meeting was held, in the center of which is the capital letter " K " in recognition of the discoverer of the Bi- Chloride of Gold remedies. The club meets at present in the old opera house at D wight, which is also used in part as a treatment hall. This is supplied with a stage and all the necessary appliances for the giving of performances. Its presiding officers from the commencement to the present time have been as follows: Presidents: 1st, S. E. Moore, Pittsburgh, Pa. ; 2d, O. B. Stan- ton, Dwight, 111.; 3d, J. D. Thayer, Warsaw, Ind.; 4th, B. Reynolds, Wash- ington, D. C.; 5th, S. S. Lowe, Chattanooga, Teun.; 6th, Wm. M. Burris, Liberty, Mo.; 7th, P. H. Sherry, Joliet, 111.; 8th, W. D. St. Clair, Chicago, 111.; 9th, Frank Clark, Bartow, Fla.; 10th, Henry C. Cleveland, Rock Island, 111.; llth, James N. Brown, Huntsville, Ala.; 12th, J. Haydon Burns, Chi- cago, 111.; 13th, J. W. Van Dervoort, Mt. Vernon, N. Y.; 14th, O. W. Nash, Oak Park, 111.; 15th, J. D. Kehoe, Maysville, Ky. Chairmen: 1st, John J. Flinn, Chicago, 111 ; 2d, W. E. Morrison, Morrisonville. 111.; 3d, Waller Young, St. Joseph, Mo.; 4th, Geo. H. Slator, Alpeua, Mich.; 5th, Charles Stewart, Cedar Rapids, Iowa. The secretary of the club, who is also the secretary of the Bichloride of Gold Club of the World, is Hon. J. D. Kehoe, of Maysville, Ky. Meetings are held every morning in the week at nine o'clock, at which business is transacted and departing members make their addresses, etc. These meetings are conducted according to parliamentary rules and are always interesting. They are usually attended by from 500 to 700 men. Song services are held every Sabbath. The club entertainments are given on Wednesday and Saturday evenings of every week. Admission fee, $1; price of badge, $1.50. Bichloride of Gold Club of the World. The outgrowth of the Bi-Chloride of Gold Club of Dwight. Founded in November, 1891. First annual con- vention held on Feb. 15, 1892. First Board of Directors : S. E. Moore, Capi- talist, Pittsburgh, Penn., who was also first president of the Bi-Chloride of Gold Club of Dwight; Hon. W. S. Arnold, ex-surrogate judge of Idaho Ter- ritory, resident counsel at Dwight for the Leslie E. Keeley Company; John T. Rice, M. D., Attica, lud.; Hon. J. D. Kehoe, Maysville, Ken.; John J. Fiinn, Chicago, 111.; W T illiam M. Burris, Lawyer, Liberty, Mo.; L. H. Lyon, Capitalist, Lyou's Falls, N. Y.; S. E. Moore, President, W. S. Arnold, Vice- President ; J. D. Kehoe, Secretary. This club is founded on the principle of Grand Lodges and furnishes charters to subordinate clubs. Delegate conventions are to be held annually. The membership of the Bi-Chloride of Gold Club of the World, it is expected, will exceed 20,000 by the spring of 1893. Bon Ami Club, of Wilmette,. Located at Wilmette, a suburb of Chicago, fourteen miles from the Court House. The organization is for social purposes strictly. Officers: President, W. E. Crane; secretary', W. R. Morley; treas- urer, E. T. Paul; financial secretary, Mrs. A. N. Gage. The club uses the old Adrian House as a meeting place. Calumet Club. Located at the corner of Michigan ave. and Twentieth St. Take Wabash avenue cable line. Organized in 1878. The building which it occupies is a magnificent one, four stories high, with fronts on both the streets named. Thegrand hall is very handsome, with its broad fire-plocc, handsome staircase and stained glass windows. To the left are the drawing- rooms, with windows the whole length of the Michigan avenue front, and to THE ENCYCL01 LDTA. 231 the right the offices, the cafe and the billiard room. On the second floor are card rooms and the ball room, where, from time to time during the winter months, entertainments are given. The third floor is devoted to private apartments, and the top floor to the dining rooms and kitchens. The Club has a splendid collection of pictures. It aims to preserve the early history of the city and State, and its old settlers' annual receptions have become famous. The Club is composed generally of the leading men of the South Side. Admission fee, $100; annual dues, $80. Garleton Club. A South Side social organization. Meets at 3800 Vin- cennes ave. Chicago Club. Located on Monroe st., between State st. and Wabash ave., opposite the ladies' entrance to the Palmer House. Was organized iu 1869, and was an outgrowth of the old Dearborn Club, which was located on Michigan ave., near Jackson st. The first club house of the Chicago was situated at the corner of Wabash ave. and Eldridge ct., and was destroyed in the great fire. The present building was erected shortly afterward. The structure is not as magnificent as some of the club buildings erected more recently, but the interior is beautifully and tastefully arranged. There is more real elegance about it than, perhaps, may be found in any of the others, although it is of an unostentatious character. The dining rooms and kitchens are at the top of the house. The Club is composed generally of the merchant princes and leading professional men of the city, and it is very exclusive. Comfort and congeniality more than crowds and confusion are desired. The admission fee is $300, the annual dues are $80, payable semi-annually. Mem- bership limited to 450 residents and 150 non-residents. The Chicago Club has purchased the beautiful Art Institute Building and will probably move into its new quarters during the present year. Chicago Electric Club. Composed of electricians and those connected with electric pursuits. A social club for gentlemen. Located at 103 Adams street. Its rooms are very handsomely fitted up. There are reception rooms for members and their friends of both sexes. There are dining rooms on one floor opening into Kinsley's upper corridors, and arrangements are made to furnish either liquid or solid comfort after the most approved method. Bil- liard, chess and backgammon outfits are provided in elegantly furnished rooms, but cards are tabooed. An audience hall occupies a large space on the top floor, where the regular club meetings are held for scientific discus- sion. Paintings, works of art, bric-a-brac, pervade the whole apartment and a music room with piano and other instruments is a part of the fitting. In other words, all has been done that was needful to make the club quarters elegant, refined and in every particular a recherche gentleman's club. Some of the members are as well known in Europe as throughout the United States ; many of them are social leaders and all of them are successful business men. Chicago Women's Club. Organized in 1876 by Mrs Caroline M. Brown, who served as president for three years. The object of the club, as defined in the constitution, Is " mutual sympathy and council and.united effort toward the higher civilization of humanity and general philanthropic and literary work." The club is divided into six departments, as follows : Reform, philanthropy, home, education, art and literature, philosophy. The regular meetings of the club are held on the first and third Wednesdays of the month, with a business session on the fourth Wednesday. The exercises consist of papers and dis- 232 GUIDE TO CHICAGO. cushions on topics connected with the work of the different departments. Much outside work of a philanthropic, reformatory and educational nature is also done by the club. The work of placing women physicians in the asylum at Jefferson to take charge of women patients and of securing the appointment of women as matrons in the jail and at the police stations was accomplished by the club, as Well as that of procuring the appointment of women on the srhool board. The first free kindergarten was established through the efforts of this society, which also raised among its members and outside fiiends nearly $40,000 tor the Boys' Industrial School at Glenwood. Three indepen- dent organizations owe their existence to the Women's Club, viz., the Physio Icgical Society, the Protective agency for Women and Children, and the Industrial Arts Association. The last named society had for its direct object the introduction of manual training in the lower grades of the public schools. For four years its work, aided by the Decorative Art Association, was succes- fully carried on through mission schools, the Boys' Industrial School at Glenwood, together with the forming of free classes for the instruction of teachers. It tirst petitioned the Board of Education for trial schools in 1887 and again in 1892, three of which have been established. Classes for instruc- tion in the special subjects in their charge are held by the twoliterary depart- ments of the Women's Club. The present membership of the club is about five hundred. Membership is obtained by ballot and the payment of an initiation fee of $10 ; annual dues $5. The meetings are held in the club rooms of the Art Institute building, corner of Michigan avenue and Van Buren street. The officers are : President, Julia Plato Harvey ; vice presidents, Lucretia M. Ht-ywood, N. Halsted ; recording secretary, Laura H. Clark ; correspond- ing secretary, Kate G. Huddleston ; treasurer, Frances B. Smith ; directors, Lucretia Effinger, Isabel A. H. Prindle, Frank Stuart Parker, Mary E.Galvin, Mary E. Farnham, Jessie Willard Bolte, Kate M. Higginson, Ellen C. Broomell, Clara M. J. Farson, Matilda L. Ware, Arabella C. Rogers, Mary Spalding Brown, Sarah M. Hey wood, Phebe M. Butler, Emma Dupee, Ida M. Lane, Rachel Mayer, Kate Hutchinson Judah. SOCIETY FOR THE PROMOTION OF PHYSICAL, CULTURE AND CORRECT DRESS. Fostered by the Women's Club, and holds its meetings in the rooms of that club which are at present in the Ait Institute Building. These meetings occur on the first Friday of each month at 2:30 P. M. The object of the society is mutual help toward learning the highest standards of physical development, and mutual counsel towards realizing these standards in prac- tical life. The membership now numbers two hundred. The president is Mrs. H. M. Wilmarth, 222 Michigan avenue, and the secretary Mrs. L. J. Dreier, 4627 Lake avenue. Church Club Organized December, 1890. Located on the fourth floor of the High building, No. 103 Adams st. This is an Episcopalian organization and its object is to bring into closer relations the clergy and the laymen of the diocese, such as the board of Missions, the Standing Committee, the St. Andrews Brotherhood, the trustees of the Theological Seminary, the Girls' Friendly Organization, the Women's Auxiliary, and every other work of the church, including Diocesan Offices where the Rt. Rev. the Bishop of Chicago and the Archdeacon can meet the clergy and laymen, and transact any business pertaining to the diocese. Reading and reception rooms are open to members and visitors from 9 A.M. till 5 p M. daily except Sunday. Regular meetings of the Club are held on the 1st Thursday in each month at 8 P.M. THE EKCYCLOPEDIA. 233 Clarendon Club. A social organization composed of Israelites. The membership, however, is not limited to those of Hebrew race or creed. The membership includes many of the leading Hebrews of the city. Commercial Club. An association of the leading merchants, manufact- urers, bankers and capitalists of Chicago, the object of which is to encourage in a social and informal way the interchange of opinions respecting the com- mercial necessities of the city. The club gives frequent dinners and banquets and entertains distinguished guests. Some question of great importance uppermost at the time is always discussed at their meetings and banquets. [See Chicago Manual Training School.] Officers: President, T. W. Harvey; vice-president, A. C. McClurg; treasurer, Henry J. McFarland; secretary, Fred 8. Janes. Conference Club of Evanston. Organized in 1890. Its object, " to call together gentlemen of different professions and opinions to discuss present- day topics," has been salutary. A dinner is served monthly during the win- ter, of which notice is given to members, and the topic for discussion is announced. Two gentlemen particularly interested in or familiar with the subject are chosen to give twenty-minute addresses, after which any member may speak upon the assigned subject. Congregational Club. A society of members of the Congregational church. Officers: President, ; E. H. Pitkin, vice-president; W. E. Hale, second vice-president; Professor H. M. Scott, third vice-president; J. H. Tewksberry, secretary, and J. R. Chapman, treasurer. Cosmopolitan Club of Evanston : The Cosmopolitan Club of Evanston was organized in October 1891, the avowed object being to furnish comfort- able rooms where brain and brawn workers might meet on a common footing and enjoy a pleasant hour in reading, games and conversation ; an object that has been well carried out. The club is, in a measure, unique, and at first met with considerable criticism, but during the three months of its exist- ence it has proved so great a success that there is no longer anything but favorable comment. The rooms of the club, three in number, are over 416 Davis street and are fitted up with all sorts of conveniences. There is a general assembly room, where lectures and entertainments are given and the meetings of the club are held, a library with reading tables supplied with nearly all the current periodicals, an?l a smoking room with card tables. The credit of originating the idea of the club belongs to Mr. Volney W. Foster, and to Mr. Foster, Dr. Hillis and one or two others, who have given time and attention to the enterprise, the organization owes its present success. Dearborn Club. Located at 43 and 45 Monroe st. [See "Chicago Club."] Dinner Clubs. Among these are the "Epicurean" and the "Forty Club." The members dine periodically at one of the leading hotels and discuss questions of current interest. Douglas Club. Located at 3518 Ellis ave. Organized April, 1885. Occupies a three story and basement building, formerly a dwelling, which has been remodeled. There is a beautiful lawn in front and on the sides of the house. In the basement are bowling alleys ; on the first floor are the dancingjiall, ladies' reception room, library and reading room ; on the second floor are dressing and private rooms ; on the third floor is a large hall fitted 234 GUIDE TO CHICAGO. up with portable machinery, where dramatic entertainments are given by members of the club. Ladies of each member's family, and males from fourteen to twenty-one, are entitled to the privileges of the club, subject to certain restrictions. Admission fee, $25 ; dues, $30 per annum. Douglas Park Club. A West Side social organization of prominence. Officers : President, Lawrence Ennis; vice-presidents, William P. Davis and William Harley ; treasurer, P. E. Remie ; secretary, Robert H. Coudrey ; Directors, Pleasant Amick, T. W. McFarland, A. L. Coates and George Kohl. Elks' Club. An association of members of theatrical and other prof essions, similar to those in all our large cities. Officers: Dr. W. A. Jones, E. R. ; George Schlessinger, E. L. K.; G. W. Barstow, E. L. K.; D. E. Hodges, E. L. K.; J. W. White, secretary; Dr. L. H. Montgomery, Lee H. Willson, John W. White, trustees; Rev. Henry G. Perry, chaplain; G. W. Andrews, esquire; E. V. Girard, inner guard general; J. W. Shaw, organist. The lodge is in a very prosperous condition, and during 1892 over $2,000 was disbursed for charity. Evanston Club. Located at the suburb of Evanston. Take train at Wells St. depot, Wells and Kiuzie sts., North Side; or at Union depot, Canal and Adams streets., West Side. Club House at Chicago avenue and Grove street. Officers: President, Marshall M. Kirkman; first vice-president, Milton W. Kirk; second vice-president, N. C. Gridley; treasurer, W. J. Fabian; secre- tary, Frank M. Elliot; additional directors, W. D. Hitchcock, F. A. Hardy, W. Hokbird, W. H. Bartlelt, N. G. Iglehart, A. C. Buell and H. R. Wilson. Mr. Kirkman organized the club and has been fts president ever since. The club is open every day in the week from 7 o'clock in the morning until mid- night. The interior of the house is modestly beautiful. A music or dancing hall of generous proportions occupies the west half of the building. Hand- some portieres separate the ladies' reception room from the vestibule, and the lobby or smoking room occupies the center of the club home. This room, tinted in warm colors, is the general lounging place for the club men, and from it open the billard room, the charming library, and the card room. Below stairs are the kitchen, dining room and bowling alley, the latter having two fine runways. The Evanston c^b is not a club in the usual sense of that word. It is a pleasant rendezvous where 200 gentlemen and their famil- ies may meet for recreation and amusement and for the promotion of social culture. Evanston Country Club. A summer social organization of the suburb of Evanston. The home of the ciub is known as the " Shelter," and is situated in the midst of beautiful grounds, on Hinmah avenue and Clark street close to Lake Michigan. It is the leading club of the village from May until No- vember, and has a quasi connection with the Evanston Boat Club and other social organizations. Frequent receptions, band concerts, boating parties, etc., occur during the season. The membership is about 450, equally divided between ladies and gentlemen. The president is Mr. Marshall M. Kirkman; Mr. William E. Stockton and Mr Frank Arnd are vice-presidents; Mr. Nicholas J. Iglehart is treasurer, and Mr. Edwin F Brown is secretary. The directorate is composed of twenty ladies and eleven gentlemen. It is a custom of the club to have one of the directorate ladies, one afternoon and THE ENCYCLOPEDIA. 235 evening of each week, act the part of hostess, presiding over the tea tables and receiving the guests. The active committee is termed the house and grounds committee. The responsibility of success or failure of the season rests -with this committee, and the appointment is no sinecure. Mr. Thomas 8. Creighton is chairman, and is aided by Mr. Edwin F. Brown, Mr. Frederick Arnd, Mr. F. P. Frazile, F. A. Handy, and B. V. Adams. Many of Chicago's most prominent business men wear the dainty silver four-leaf clover, the badge of the club. Fellowship Club. Organized June 4, 1891. Object, the promotion of good-fellowship, and its extension to "the stranger within our gates." Number of resident members limited to fifty; non-resident members, twenty- five; honorary members admitted only by the unanimous vote of the members present at any meeting at which quorum of the resident members is present. Each member may invite one guest to a dinner of the club, the expenses to be paid by the member inviting him. The executive committee has the right to invite one or more club guests to each.dinner, the expenses of whose entertain- ment is paid out of the funds of the club. Initiation fee, $25. Dues from resi- dent and non-resident members, $10 annually. Business meetings and dinners of the club held on the first Thursday, June, October, December, February and April, and on other stated occasions. Meetings held at one of the leading hotels or restaurant. Officers: James W. Qcott, president; George Driggs, vice-president; H. Y. Selfridge, treasurer; F. Willis Rice, secretary. No. 7 E. Monroe street. Executive committee: James W. Scott, George Driggs, F. Willis Rice, H. H. Kohlsaat, Victor Lawson and M. P. Handy. Foreign Book Club. Comprised of ladies of the North Side who read Foreign literature. Its membership is small. Forty Club. A dinner club meeting monthly. Active membership lim- ited to forty drawn from bench, bar, the law, the theaters, and the profes- sions generally. Entertains theater people and distinguished writers. Meets at one of the principal hotels. Fortnightly Club of Chicago. Meets Fridays at 2:30 P. M. at Art Institute, Michigan ave. and Van Buren st. Organized as a Woman's Club in 1873 by Mrs. Kate Newell Doggett. Intended originally as a Womans' Suffrage Organization, in which men and women should hold membership. Now devoted to social intercourse and intellectual culture. The work of this association is arranged on a carefully considered plan, which secures a thorough knowledge of the subject to be treated at each meeting. Each writer has a year in which to master the subject she is to present, and, as the writer of an essay remarked, "To prepare a paper for the Fortnightly is to add a good deal to your education, it matters not how liberal it maybe." The work of the club for the year is divided into two courses, the continuous course of study and the miscellaneous course. A committee of five members takes charge of the continuous course, which is represented by a paper at one of the two meetings that occur each month, and another committee of the same number directs thu miscellaneous course, which presents' a paper on the alternate day. At each of the meetings, which occur the first and third Fri- days in the month, a well prepared and brilliant discussion under appointed leaders follows the paper. The discussion over, tea and cake are served and a delightful social hour closes the meeting, at which the visitor will observe that the strictest parliamentary forms, as well as the latest behest of fashion, are carefully obeyed. The membership of" The Fortnightly of Chicago" is limited to 175. The initiation fee and also the yearly dues are $12. The 236 GUIDE TO CHICAGO. officers are: President, Mrs. Charles D. Hamill; first vice-president, Mrs. F. M. Wilmarth; second vice-president, Mrs. Otto H. Matz; corresponding secretary, Mrs. Elizabeth M. Stone; recording secretary, Mrs. F. H. Gardner; treasurer, Mrs. B. F. Aver; directors, Mrs. Milward Adams, Mrs. H. G. Brainerd, Miss Nina G. Lunt, Mrs J. J. Glessner, Mrs. John Ailing, Mrs. James M. Hubbard. Germania Mwnnerchor . Located at North Clark street, corner of Ger- mania Place. Take North Clark street cable line. President, Harry Rubens ; vice-president, Chas. H. Wacker ; secretary, Geo. W. Claussenius ; treasurer, F.'J. Dewes. The socity had its origin at the funeral of Abraham Lincoln in 1865, when a small party of Germans from Chicago attended to render a chorus. They were pleased with each other's singing and determined upon the organization of a permanent society. To day it is one of the largest, most respectable and most prominent musical organizations in the country. Incor- porated March 31, 1869. Membership about 650, of which 125 are not Ger- mans. The club is social as well as musical. The club house is one of the handsomest in Chicago. German Press Club. An association of the German press clubs of the city. Meets at 106 Randolph street. The club has fifty-five active members and several honorary members. Was organized in 1891. President, Theo- dore Janssen. Girls' Mutual Benefit Club. Organized in November, 1890; located at 100 Cornelia st. The institution was established solely through the efforts of a few energetic young ladies of the Third Presbyterian, First Congregational and the Epiphany Episcopal Churches, Miss Sadie Morgan, Mrs. C. D. Howell, Miss Helen Hutchins, Miss Mary Gillman, Miss Ida E. Moore and Miss Alice C. Burkhardt. Nearly one hundred working girls nightly receive instructions in those arts which make the model housewife. The follow, ing is the curriculum: Monday, dressmaking and typewriting; Tuesday, dressmaking and music; Wednesday, cooking and history; Thursday, music, embroidery and millinery; Friday, cooking; Saturday, embroidery, cooking and music. The house is self supporting, each one of the members being required to pay a weekly assessment of 5 cents. The teaching force includes, besides the ladies already named, Miss Wolf, Miss Avery, Miss Reese, Miss Lowden, Miss Page, Miss Mack, Miss Burdick, Miss Fritz, Miss Blanche and Content Patterson. On every weekday evening there are at least three of these ladies present to take charge of the various classes. The house is com- fortably furnished and well adapted to the purposes to which it is put. The nucleus of a library has been started, and it is expected that before long the number of books will be large enough to warrant the starting of a circulating library. Officers President, Miss Sadie Morgan; vice-president, Mrs. C. D. Howell; secretary, Miss Ida E. Moore; treasurer, Miss Helen Hutchins. Grant Club. Chartered Aug 10, 1885. Object: To promote social and political intercourse, and advance the interest of the Republican party. Also the discussion of improvements in our municipality. Holds its annual meeting on the third Thursday in August. On June 3d, 1891, at the unveiling of the Grant statue at Galena, 111., thirty of its members participated in the exercises. Officers: President, Hon. L. L. Bond; 1st vice-president, Fred THE ENCYCLOPEDIA. 23? M. Blount; 3d vice-president, Henry H. Heistand; secretary, Dr. Listen H. Montgomery, 70 State street; assistant secretary, Chas. L. Webster; treasurer, M. E. Cole; sergeant-at-arms, W. H. Cosper. Hamilton Club. Chartered April. 1890. Named after Alexander Hamil- ton, the American statesman. The original officers of the club were presi- dent, R. H. McMurdy; secretary, Rufus Metcalf ; treasurer, Ralph Metcalf. The club is one of the most noted institutions of Chicago, with a large mem- bership composed of the most prominent citizens in all walks of life. In politics it is republican, but is not partisan in spirit. State and national ques- tions of importance are freely considered, with the view of increasing the growth of patriotism and the promotion of good government by its diffusion of the principles of Hamilton, is doing much to promote the cause of loyalty to the nation. Its annual banquets are among the notable political events of each year, the speakers at the banquet of 1892 including such representative public men as Russell A. Alger of Michigan, John M. Thurston of Nebraska, and Governor Joseph W. Fifer. The present officers of the club are: Presi- deut.HenryM. Bacon; first vice-president, Frederick A. Smith; second vice- president, George P. Englehard; third vice-president, Jamts R. Terhune; treasurer, Ralph Metcalf; directors (five to be elected), John P. Ahrens, E. M. Ashcroft, Frank H. Barry, Will H. Clark, George H. Harlow, Thomas Hudson, John R. Laing, J. B. Mailers, Charles D. Warren; members of political action committee (two to be elected), George P. Englehard, John H. Hamline, George H. Harlow, James R. Terhune. Harvard Club Organized 1888. Club house located at Sixty-third and Harvard sts., Englewood. A social organization. It has a large membership and gives frequent receptions through the season. Harvard University Club. Composed of graduates of Harvard University, Cambridge, Mass., resident in Chicago. Moses J. Wentworth, president. Meets at stated occasions in the Auditorium hotel, holds an annual banquet and entertains distinguished officers and graduates of the University, from time to time. Many leading citizens of Chicago are members. Hyde Park Club. Located at Hyde Park. Club house, corner of Wash- ington avenue and Fifty-first street. Has a membership of about 250. Take Illinois Central train, foot of Randolph or Van Buren street, or Cottage Grove avenue cable line. The building is a handsorre one. Its exterior is striking and the interior has evidently been given the thought of tasteful decorators. It is strictly a gentleman's club. There are two stories and a basement devoted to club purposes. In the basement are the gymna- sium, bowling alley, store room, kitchen and boiler room. On the first floor is a capacious foyer, opening into which are the office, reception and reading rooms, connected by an inglenook, a billiard room with eight tables and a cafe. The second floor is reached by the grand staircase, which leads through a broad hall to the ball room and art gallery adjoining, all three of which can be used for dancing on occasions. On this floor there are also fourcosey card rooms and a committee room, which can be thrown together when desired. The whole interior is finished in antique oak. The mantels and even the office desk, having been designed by the architect of the build- ing, blend harmoniously with the treatment of the rest of the woodwork. This beautiful building was dedicated by the club in 1890. The officers are: 238 GUIDE TO CHICAGO. president, Martin J. Russell; vice president', W. R. Kerr; secretary, Edward R. Shaw; treasurer, S. R. Jenkins; directors, Burton A. Sewell, C. E. Woodruff, E. H. Turner, Robert Boyd, Charles H. Hunt, Robert Stewart, C. A. Mallory, W. D. Mackey and S. G. Wilkins. Ideal Club. A social organization; meets at 531 and 533 Wells street. Officers: president, David Eichberg; vice-president, Simon Goldsmith; secre- tary, Samuel J. Marks; treasurer, Adolph Berg; directors, A. Shakman, F. Griesheimer, A. Yondorf, C. S. Bloch, Jos. Goodman, Geo. Frank, E. C. Hamburgher, Jos. P. Weinreb. Idlewild Club of Evamton. The Idlewild Club of Evanston is an organi- zation composed of the younger men of the village. They have commodious quarters on Davis street, known as Idlewild hall, and occupy all the second story of one and the greater portion of another of the larger business blocks, and consists of the largest hall in the village, together with reading and billiard rooms. The special feature of this club is winter ball, and on the occasion of league games the hall is packed with enthusiastic spectat.ors all whom contribute a liberal sum by the purchase of associate members' tickets, which entitles the holder to witness all the games played. The club has thus far this season played 19 games with Chicago and neighboring teams and has yet to lose its first game. The phenomenal playing makes the home team the pride of the town and they are warmly encouraged by the substantial citizens. The club also gives numerous parties and social entertainments during the winter season. Illinois Club. Located at 154 Ashland ave.. West Side. Take W. Madi- son street cable line. Organized in 1878. First building occupied, 401 Washington blvd.; moved to Ashland ave. and Madison St.; purchased pres- ent quarters in 1884. Occupies a very handsome and commodious building, fronting the most beautiful avenue in the West division of the city. Object of club, the cultivation and promotion of literature and the fine arts, and of social intercourse. The house contains kitchens, dining rooms, parlors, reception rooms, reading rooms, billiard room, wash room, bowling alley, ball room, private rooms, etc. Some very handsome pictures ornament its walls. It gives elegant^ entertainments during the winter seasons. Admission fee, $100. Annual dues, $50. William ,). Chalmers, president Fred S. James, vice-president; J. F. Talbot, secretary; Charles C. Reed, treasurer. The, following were elected directors for three years: Willis G. Jackson, James P. Soper and A. C. Wakeman. Indiana Club. Located at 3349 Indiana ave. Organized in 1883. Take Indiana avenue car, via Wabash avenue cable line. Occupies a very pleas- antclub house, a two story brick building. On the first floor are the billiard and pool rooms, bowling alley and dressing rooms; on the second floor are the parlor, reception room, card room, and a spacious dancing hall. This is a family club, the wives and children of members being entitled to all privi- leges. Entertainments are given at intervals throughout the year. Admis- sion fee, $50. Annual dues, $20. "THE ENCYCLOPEDIA. 239 Irish-American Club. Organized May, 1880. Location of club rooms, 40 Dearborn st. Membership about 250. The fundamental principle of this club is an immutable belief in Ireland's right to be governed by and for her own people as an independent nation. The objects of the club, however, are social. All men of Irish binh or descent, of good reputation, are eligible to membership. Officers: President, John L. Cooke; vice president, Mark Mad- den; secretary, James Conlan, Jr.; treasurer, John B. Heaney; executive committee: M. J. Keane, M. W. Kerwin, P. Cavanaugh, M. S. Madden. Iroquois Club. Located at 1 10 Monroestreet(Columbia Theatre Building), in the business center of the city. Organized October4, 1881. It is a political (Democratic) and social club. Has very handsome and spacious quarters, arid is provided with all the comforts of modern club houses. It is the lead- ing Democratic political club of *he city, and numbers among its members the most prominent partisans of the Jeffersonian creed. Its influence is felt in National, State and Municipal campaigns. The Iroquois Club entertains splendidly, and it was at a reception given here that Grover Cleveland used ttie expression, "A public office is a public trust." Membership about 500. Admission fee and annual dues reasonable. Officers, president, Adlai T. Ewiug; vice-presidents North Division, John Addison, E. O. Brown, and A. C.Helmhoiz; South Division, O. S. Favor, F. G. Hoyne, and A. W. Wright; West Division, J. J. Byrne, E. Carqueville, and Malcolm McDonald, Jr.; recording secretary, J. F. Learning; corresponding secretary, R. W. Mor- rison; treasurer, E. R. Cox. Irving Club. Located at Irving Park, a suburb of Chicago, organized in 1890. This club has an elegant home. The officers are: C. A. Cook, president; Frank Crego, vice-president; John I. Oswald, secretary; A. V. Berry, treasurer; and besides these four, John I. Monk, D. L. Buzzell, Phil W. Coyle and W. T. Orell, as a board of directors. The Irving Club House occupies a commanding position, well back in a beautiful stretch of ground near the center of the little suburb. The building is of frame, with a convenient height of three stories. On the first floor of the clubhouse are the billiard-rooms, the gymnasium and the bowling alley. The second floor con- tains the club parlors and reception-rooms, the directors' meeting-room and the library. On the third floor is the pride of the whole affair, a masonic lodge- room and a hall for other society meetings. The club house is very neatly furnished, all of its decorations being selected in extremely good taste. Ivanhoe Club. Located at South Evanston. Organized, 1891. Object, the promotion of social intercourse between members and their families. Officers: President, O. T. Maxom, M. D.; vice-president, Evan H. Hughes; second vice-president-, A. C. Pinkham; secretary, John E. Poor; treasurer, Thomas L. Fansler. Directors: Albert E. Jacox, A. B. Beerup, G. B. Tre- loar, Frank Sherman and C. S. Redfield. John A. Logan Club. Located at 466 La Salle ave., North Side. Take Clark or Wells street cable line. Organized February 12, 1888. A polit- ical (Republican) and social club. Has commodious quarters. Admission fee, $10; annual dues, $12. Kenwood Club. Located at Forty-seventh st. and Lake ave., Kenwoot Take Illinois Central train at Randolph or Van Buren Street depot. Organ ized in 1883. A social and family club in which the ladies and other members of the family are entitled to privileges. Occupiesthe former residence of Nor- 240 GUIDE TO CHICAGO. man B. Judd, Esq., which has been remodeled and enlarged. The bowling alley, dining-room and kitchen are in the basement; on the first floor are the hall, office, reception and dancing hall; on the second floor are the card rooms, billiard room, reading room, library, ladies' and gentlemen's dressing rooms, etc. Admission fee, $100; annual dues, $40. The officers are: Edwin F. Bayley, president; William S. Seaverns, vice-president; Charles B. Vankirk, second vice-president; Harry B. Black, treasurer; Charles C. Whit- tiker, secretary. The board of directors is composed of C. B. Bouton, John S. Belden, William T. Brown, Ed. R. Woodle, W. T. Whetmore, T. S. Faun- tleroy, J. Frank Aldrich and F. H. McClure. Lafayette Club. A social organization of the South Side. This club gives twelve dances each year, nine at Douglas Hall and three at Jackson Park pavilion. LaGrange Club. Located at LaGrange, a suburb of Chicago. A social club; membership 100; fee $10, dues $20 annually. Lakeside Club. Located on Indiana- avenue between Thirty-first and Thirty-second streets. Organized in 1884. Take Indianaavenue car, via Wabash avenue cable line. O wns its present home, a modern building of brick and stone, containing three stories and a basement. The billiard room, cafe, bowling alley, private supper-rooms and dining room, capable of seating 400 guests, are located in the basement, on the first floor are the ladies' and gentlemen's parlors and reception room, drawing rooms, and an assembly and dancing room, fifty -five feet wide by one hundred feet long; in the second story are the card rooms and gymnasium; in the third story are private rooms and servants' apartments. Admission fee, $200; annual dues, $40. Membership limited to 250. La, Salle Club. Located at 542 Monroe St., West Side. Take West Madison street cable line. Organized in 1884. It is a political (Republican) and social club. First occupied premises at 9 Laflin st. ; moved to 28 Warren ave. and finally came into possession of the former residence of C. C. Holton, Esq., which has been remodeled, enlarged and beautified. It is a marble front, four stories and basement, with a frontage of 125 feet, and a depth of 95 feet. An addition of 48x125 feet has been made by the club. The lunch room, cafe, cigar stand, gymnasium and bowling alley are located m the basement; on the first floor are the hall, two large parlors, reading room and office, and billiard room with twelve tables; on the second floor are eighteen card rooms, and the assembly hall; on the third floor are private rooms, ser- vants' quarters, etc. Admission fee, $50; annual dues, $40. Lincoln Club. An organization of young Republicans of the West Side, with purposes similar to those of the Hamilton Club of the South Side and theMarquette Club of the North Side. Officers: H. A. Ingalls, president; C. A. Brown, first vice-president; Dr. II. M. Thomas, second vice-president; W. W. Wheelock, secretary; H. S. Dale, treasurer; house committee, R. J. Bas- sett, L. D. Taylor a.nd Dr. Stuart Johnstone; entertainment committee, E.W. North cott, E. L. Hance and Grant W. Ford; library and publishing com- mittee, O. N. Carter, E. R. Edoand F. S. Loomis; membership, W.H. Noble, W. A. Leonard and A. M. Rogers; political action committee G. E. Foss, H. JL. Wheeler, W. S. Holden, A. S. Kimball and A. Wahl. Lotus Social Club. Composed of the leading colored people of the city. Give social parties. THE ENCYCLOPEDIA. 241 Marquette Club. Location of club house former residence of the late Hon. E. 13. Washburne, corner of Dearborn ave. and Maple St., organized 1886. This handsome building has been remodeled and fitted up in the most approved style, making it one of the finest club-houses in the city. The ban- quet hall is worthy of a special mention. It is the handsomest in Chicago and is second only to that of the Auditorium Hotel. The Marquette is a club com- posed of the leading republicans of the North Side. It is a social rather than a political club, however. It has a present membership of three hundred. Many of the republicans of the city, non-residents of the North Side, are mem- bers. Among its honorary members is President Harrison. The Hamilton Club of the South Side and the Lincoln Club of the West Side, are formed on the same principal. The Marquette gives numerous entertainments and re- ceptions duiing the season. It has from time to time the leading republicans of the country as its guests and its banquets are watched with a great deal of interest by politicians as expression is frequently given to the keynotes of political campaigns at these gatherings. The officers are : president, E. B. Gould; vice-president, T. S. Simpson; treasurer, W. A. Poulson; secretary, J. E. Rodgers; chairman political action committee, John S. Runnells. Minneola Club. Officers: President, O. H. Roche; .vice-president, M. Hamburger; secretary and treasurer, James G. Deven. Directors, O. H. Roche, J. G. Deven, L. M. Hamburger, Robert Lindblom, T. Bennett, J. C. Peasley and J. V. Booth. Minnette Club. A West Side social organization which gives receptions at Martine'a Hall, 55 Ada St., during the season. Nationalists' Club. An association of gentlemen formed for the purpose of interchanging ideas regarding questions of National interest and advo- cating reform in Legislation and Government. Meets at the Grand Pacific Hotel. Newsboys Club. Occupies rooms one and two in the Imperial Building, Mr. Alfred J. Barnes is president; Miss Mary Logan Pearson, vice-president; Miss Mary E. Sands, secretary; Mr. Alexander Schultz, treasurer, and Mr. Ford Jones, librarian. The club is in a flourishing condition. It has a good library. Well-behaved newsboys are admitted to membership. North Shoi-e Club. A family Club. Has entertainments of different kinds two or three times a week during the winter, for the members, their wives and children. Lawn tennis, etc., in the Summer. Club House and grounds open to the ladies of members' families at nil times. Oakland Club. Located at Ellis and Oakland avenues, in building for- merly the Lake Side Skating Rink. Take Cottage Grove avenue cable line or Illinois Central train at Randolph or Van Buren Street depot to Thirty- ninth street, Oakland station. The building has been remodeled and refitted for club purposes. It is a large, two-story brick structure, rather unique from an architectural point of view. On the first floor are the office, gentle- men's and ladies' reading rooms, promenade hall, two ladies' parlors, two gentlemen's sitting rooms, billiard hall 100 feet long, two card rooms, kitchen and dancing hall 100 by 80 feet; the second floor contains the assembly room, private rooms, servants' quarters, etc. Strictly a family club. No intoxicating liquors or games of chance allowed on the premises. Admis- sion fee, $50; annual dues, $30. 242 GUIDE TO CHICAGO. Oaks, of Austin. Located in their own building at Austin, one-half mile west of city limits. Take train at Wells street depot, Wells and Kmzie streets. Has very handsome quarters, consisting of a reception hall, parlors, card and billiard rooms, banquet hall, etc. The club has facilities for giving amateur theatrical performances. Park Club. Located corner 57th street and Rosalie court. Take Cottage Grove avenue cable line or Illinois Central train at Randolph or Van Buren street to South Park station. Organized in 1886. A family club. Occupies a handsome building four stories in height. In the basement are the bowling- alleys, pool room and janitor's rooms ; on the first floor are the ladies' recep- tion, cafe and hall ; on the second floor are the billiard room, card rooms and director's room ; the upper floor is thrown into an^assembly room, with boudoirs, etc. The club house has splendid verandas, which make it a most attractive resort in the summer. Admission fee, $25, annual dues, $40. Phcenix Club. Located at Thirty-first street and Calumet avenue. Take Cottage Grove avenue cars. Composed of young men of Hebrew lineage. The club rooms were secured for five years, and $5,000 has been expended in remodeling the building. There are two large parlors, a library, dining- rooms, billiard haU, smoking room and all the requisites of a first-class social club. Card playing and auy form of gambling are positively prohibited. Officers Milton A. Strauss, president; A. J. Briersdorf, vice president; D. L. Frank, secretary; E. Lowenstein, assistant secretary, and L. A. Nathan, treasurer. Practitioner's Club. An association of physicians. Meets at the Palmer house. A chairman is elected at every meeting and questions of interest to practitioners are discussed. Officers: President, William A. Amberg; first vice-president, Z. P. Brosseau; second-vice president, Dr. John Guerin; sec- retary, Joseph B. Cremin; treasurer, George D. McLaughlin. Press Club of Chicago. Organized January 15, 1880. Club rooms located at 131 Clark st. Charter members Melville E. Stone, Franc B. Wilkie, Rodney Welch, W. K. Sullivan, T. C. MacMillan, Joseph R. Dunlop, Henry F. Donovan, W. B. Sullivan, F. O. Bennett, Theodore Gestef eld, William T. Hall, John J. Flinn, J. F. Ballantyne, Elwyn A. Barren, W. T. Collins, James Maitland, Platt Lewis, Thomas E. Burnside, C. A. Snowden, Law- rence Hardy, W. P. Hanscom, Guy Magee, W. H. Hicks, John E. Wilkie, Sam. V. Steele. The club was organized for the purpose of " bringing the members of the newspaper profession together in closer personal relations, to levate the profession, to- further good fellowship, and to extend a helping hand to all members of the organization who may deserve it." The entirelist of presidents is as given below, James W. Scott being the only man ever re-elected to the oflice: 1880, Franc B. Wilkie, of The Times; 1881, W. K. Sullivan, Journal; 1882, Samuel J. Medill, Tribune; I8b3, W. E, Curtis, Inter-Ocean; 1884, James W. Bradwell, Legal News; Ib85, Joseph R. Dunlop, Inter-Ocean/ 1886, John F. Ballantyne, Morning News; 1887, James W. Scott, Herald; 1888, James W. Scott, Herald; 1889, James W. Scott, Herald; 1890, Stanley Waterloo, Tlte Times; 1891, William A. Taylor, Herald; 1892, John E. Wilkie, Tribune. The officers for the present year are: President John E. Wilkie; first vice-president, Montgomery B. Gibbs; second vice-president, A. T. Packard; third vice-president, H. E. O. Htiutmanu; recording secre- THE ENCYCLOPEDIA. 243 tary, Charles E. Banks; financial secretary, Ed. R. Pritchard; treasurer, George Schneider; librarian, Fred H. Hild; directors, Charles Matthias, William Iglehart, F. J. Schulte, Wolf von Schierbrand, E. W. Pickard. The club rooms are handsomely fitted up, and are convenient to the members actively engaged^ in newspaper work. Journalists visiting the city are granted the piivilege of the club on being properly introduced by a member in good standing. The Press Club is at present contemplating the erection of a building in which it may be enabled to more suitably entertain visitors during the coming two years. The membership is now about 250. Admis- sion fee, $15; annual dues $20. Ryder Club. A social organization, composed of members of St. Paul's Unitarian Church. Oflicers: President, Frank N. Gage; vice-president, Frank Twing; secretary, W. E. Lamb; treasurer, Miss Annie Colby ; Liter- ary director, Frederick Hill; dramatic director, Byron Boyden; Social director, Miss Mae Hutchinson. Seven O'Clock Club. Conducted after the manner of the Sunset andother clubs for the discussion of questions of current interest and importance. Meets at the Masonic Hall, Sixty-third and Yale streets, and has an annual banquet. Among the prominent members are A. H. Champlin, Homer Bevans, O. T. Bright, E. W. Adkinson, C. S. Deneen, Edward Maher, John Whitely, W.W. Smith, R. C. Croft, E. E. Loomis, A. J. Cleave, G. H. Owen, C. W. Taylor, W. S. Demorest, H. A. Morgan, F. L. Mort, C.G. Thompson, L. E. Noble, F. E. Daughly, H. C. Stebbings, G. H. Findle and C. Alderson. Sheridan Club. Organized 1889 by a few young gentlemen of the south side. When the membership had reached thirty-five, the club took quarters at 3532 Lake avenue. On May 1, 1890, the club moved into a larger and bet- ter building at 35 Michigan avenue, its membership being ninety. Later on $5,000 was raised for the construction of a new club house on the southwest corner of Michigan avenue and 41st street. This building is two stories and a basement of brick and brown stone with copper cornice, and fronts on 41st street. The outside dimensions are 50x130. In the basement are the bowling alley, kitchen, furnace room, coal room, etc, The fiist floor Is divided in a hall, 17x20 feet, with a grand staircase, from the landing of which extends a circular balcony for musicians; foyer, 24x23 feet, and cor- ridor, 25x9| feet, all closely connected by wide archways. Facing on Michi- gan avenue are the parlor, 16x20 feet, and smoking-room, 21x17 feet, joined by an ingle-nook, 14%xlO feet. At the right of the entrance is the c ffice, and next comes the cafe, 35x25 feet, with a large service pantry separating it from the billiard-room, 42x48. On the south side of the corridor are the lavatory and wardrobe. On the second floor are the directors' room, card-rooms, ladies' boudoir (above which are the servants' quarters) and an auditorium, 90x48 feet, a story and a half high, to be used for dramatic performances and dancing. A movable stage, 16^x40 feet, is adjustable at the west end of the hall, while at the east end there is a balcony capable of seating 100. A striking architectural effect is a row of columns along the north and south sides of the auditorium. This room is decorated in white and gold. The wood-work of the house is in oak and cherry. The Sheridan Club banquet, given at the Auditorium January 15 1891, iirousrht the club conspicuously before the public, since which time its nr?m- b.rship has increased rapidly. Its "boom" may be said to date from 244 GUIDE TO CHICAGO. that event. The club numbers among its members some of the wealthiest men of the city, as well as some of the brightest young men in town. An evening at the Sheridan leaves the impression that a jollier or more hospit- able band of brothers would be hard to find. The officers of the club are: President, John Julius Kinsella; vice- president, Thomas D. Walsh; secretary, William A. Lydon; treasurer, Will- iam F. Carroll; directors, Thomas E. Nelson and P. H. Keenan. The offi- cers of the auxiliary association are: President, Michael Cudahy; vice- president, A. Cummings; secretary, John R. Geary; treasurer, T. F. Keeley; directors, John P. Hopkins, T. E. Nelson, D. Corkery, E. Hudson, J. O'Malley. Single Tax Club, The Chicago. Meets every Thursday eve. at 206 LaSallest. President, W. W. Bailey; secretary, Frank W. Irwin. Incorporated under the laws of Illinois. Object, 1st. To advocate Ihe abolition of all taxes upon industry and the products of industry, and upon exchange through tariff taxation, and the taking by taxation upon land values, irrespective of improvements, of the annua, rental value of all those various forms of natural opportunities embracet under the general teim, land. 2d. To advo- cate the abolition of all special privilege legislation. 3d. To advocate the adoption of the Australian system of voting. Any person in sympathy with the principals and objects of the club may become a member. Four months dues must be paid in advance. Regular dues twenty-five cents per month. South Side Medical Club. This club was organized in 1889 upon the plan of the Sunset club, and has among its members many of the leading physi- cians of the South Side of Chicago. Meetings are held once a month to dis- cuss leading medical topics. Southern Society of Chicago. Organized in 1891. Location of club rooms, 425 Home Insurance Building. An association of Southern born and Southern bred gentlemen for the purpose of social intercourse and mutual benefit. The club or society is organized on a basis similar to that of the Southern Society of New York, and has for its object, ultimately, the erec- tion of a down-town club house. Officers: Gen. Jno. C. Underwood, presi- dent; W. A. Alexander, first vice-president; J. E. Neiswanger, second vice- president; J. D. Alsup, secretary; A. O. Slaughter, treasurer. Directors: T. Hamilton Mclntosh, D. A. Payne, M. D., George S. Norfolk, T. V. Wooten, H. O. Nourse, John T. Dickinson, Willoughby Walling, M. D., J. C. Roath, George O. Clinch, John J. Flinn, Thomas G. Windes, Percival C. Sneed. The membership of this society includes many of the foremost professional and business men of Chicago, natives and former residents of the so-called South- ern States. Politics are notallowed to enter into the question of admission of members nor into discussions in the club rooms Among the members are many ex-Confederate and Union soldiers. One of the principal objects of this club is to provide a place where people of southern affiliation may be brought together, and where southern visitors to Chicago may be hospitably and courteously received. The club gives frequent receptions which are attended by ladies. Standard Club. Located at Michigan ave. and Twenty-fourth st. Take Wabash ave. cable line. Organized in 1869. The leading Jewish club of the city. Occupies one of the mo >t elegant and complete club houses in Chicago. In the basement are the bowling alleys, gymnasium, etc.; on the first floor are the parlors, library, cafe, billiard room, etc.; on the second floor are ladies' THE ENCYCLOPEDIA. 245 parlors and retiring rooms, and three dining rooms; on the third floor is the assembly and ball room, with theatrical appointments. The club is magnifi- cently furnished. Membership limited to four hundred and nine. Admis- sion fee, $500; annual dues, $80. Officers: President, Joseph Spiegel; vice- president, Jacob Schnadig; treasurer, Oscar G. Foreman; financial secretary, August Gatzert; recording secretary, N. Greensfelder. Directors: M Selz, A. Loeb, H. Nathan, H.Elson, H. B. Gimbel, A. M. Snydacker, M. Hirsh, N. Florsheim, 0. R. Wineman, N. J. Schmaltz. Stenographer's Club. Officers: President, Dan Brown; vice-president, Nellie F. Sargent; treasurer, E. C. Quimby; secretary, Miss Mary Arnold;, directors, W. K. Bush, Harry Piper, Lillian Bonner, Mary Perry, Ruth A. Briggs. Sunset Club. Founded in 1891 on the principles of the Twilight Club of New York and the Seven O'clock Club of Washington. It takes its motto from Herbert Spencer's line: ' We have had somewhat too much of 'The Gos- pel of Work,' it is time to preach ' The Gospel of Relaxation.' " Meets every Thursday at one of the leading hotels at a quarter past six, at which time a dinner is served and short talks are heard from members or invited guests on questions of current interest or importance, the object of the club being to foster rational good fellowship and tolerant discussion among business and professional men of all classes. The only expenses incident to membership in the Sunset Club are an annual assessment of two dollars for stationery, printing, etc., and one dollar for each dinner partaken of. Any genial and tolerant fellow may become a member on approval of the Executive Commit- tee. The following is the Club's declaration of principles: No club house, no constitution, no debts, no contributions; no accounts, no defalcation.no by-laws, no stipulations, no profanity, no fines, no stealing, no "combines," no president, no bores, no steward, no " encores," no long speeches, no dress coats, no late hours, no perfumed notes, no parliamentary rules, no personali- ties, no dudes, no mere formalities, no preaching, no dictation, no dues, no litigation, no gamblers, no dead beats, no embezzlers from foreign retreats, no meanness, no vituperation, simply tolerant discussion and rational recrea- tion. The Executive Committee is composed of the following gentlemen: Henry Bausher, Jr., Dr. A. P. Gilmore, S. S. Gregory, C. L. Hutchinson, Rollin A Keyes, Victor F. Lawson, George D. Rumsey. Murry Nelson, Georce F. Stone, Henry B. Stone, Edward S. Washburn, W. W. Catlin, A. A. McCormick, Joseph W. Errant, secretary. Union Club. Located onWashington pi. and Dearborn ave., North Side. Take North Clark st. cable line or North State st. car. Organized in 1878. Formerly occupied the Ogden residence, recently torn away to make room for the great Newberry library. The present structure Is a handsome one and is beautifully arranged and furnished. On the first floor is a magnificent hall, finished in carved oak ; to the left are the parlors, extending the length of the Dearborn ave. side, and to the rear is the cafe ; the billiard room, reading room, coat room and lavatory are also on this floor; on the second floor is the dining room, card rooms, director's room, etc.; the kitchen and servants' partments are in the basement. It is a strictly social club and very exclusive. The active membership is limited to 600, but only 388 are on the roll. Admis- sion fee, $100 ; annual dues. $60. Officers: President, Franklin H. Watriss; vice-president. George S. Willits; secretary, John B. Kitchen ; treasurer, William D. Beall. 246 GUIDE TO CHICAGO. Union League Club. Located on Jackson st. and Fourth ave., fronting the south end of Custom-house and Post-office. The great general commer- cial and professional club of the city. Incorporated 1879, with the declared object of encouraging and promoting, by moral, social and political influence, unconditional loyalty to the Federal Government, and of defending and " protecting the integrity and prosperity of the nation; of inculcating a higher appreciation of the value and sacred obligations of citizenship; of maintaining the civil and political equality of all citizens in every section of our common country, and of aiding in the enforcement of all laws enacted to preserve the purity of the ballot-box, resisting and exposing corruption, promoting econ- omy in office and securing honesty and efficiency in the administration of National, State and Municipal affairs. The political complexion of the Club is strongly Republican, but it is conducted on strictly non-partisan principles. The active membership has recently been increased from 1,000 to 1,200, and there is a demand for a still further increase. With this great membership, the admission fee being $200 and the annual dues $80, taken in connection with the large receipts of the dining and wine-rooms, etc., the revenue of the Club is very heavy, and it has been possible lo make aaditions to the building and to beautify the interior in a manner which makes it the most sumptuous club house in the city. It has a splendid library. The house is centrally loca- ted audis the popular luncheon quarters tor business and professional members. It has a ladies' department", e'legantly fitted up. The east entrance is used exclusively lor ladies with escorts. It is not possible for strangers to vis>it the appartments of the Club, f-ave when accompanied by a member, nor are meals served to non-members who are residents of the city, when accompanied by a member, save by special permission. Members, however, may take strangers in the city to the cafe at any time. The Union League entertains in a princely fashion, and durinu the World's Columbian Exposition it will con- tribute greatly toward the comfort and enjoyment of distinguished visitors. Officers for 1892: President, George E. Adams; first vice-president, Ferd W. Peck; second vice-president, Porter P. Heywood; treasurer, WiUinm D. Pns- ton; secretary, Hei>ry A. Knott; directors, one year, John C. Neely, J. W. Brooks, Jr., James W. Ellsworth; two years, Charles T. Trego, J. C. Welling, George H. Holt; three years, William A. Bond, H. G. Selfridge, Alexander H. Revell. Committee on political action, J. S. Runnells, chairman; C. C. Kohlsaat, Julius A. Grinnell, John Roche, J. Harley Bradley, John P. Wilson and William Penn Nixon. University Club. Located in the University building, Dearborn street and Calhoun place. Composed of graduates of the various colleges and uni- versities. The building is built of brown stone to the third story. All above the third floor is occupied by the University Club. The apartments are hand- somely furnished. There are reception rooms, parlors, billiard rooms, card rooms, etc. , and all the comforts of a modern club house. The University Club has a large membership and is prosperous. Union Veteran Club. An association of Veterans of the War of the Rebellion. The Club is in a healthy condition as to membership and finances. Officers President, E. R. Lewis, of Evanston; vjce-presidents, J. B. Clark and John M. St. John; secretary, J. A. Straub; treasurer, John Leffler; mar- shal, Patrick Sullivan; board of directors, George Cannon, James A. Scott, George Howison and Thomas Brown. THE ENCYCLOPEDIA. 247 Wah Jfah Ton Club. The Tammany democratic club of Chicago. Offi- cers President, Walter S. Bogle; vice-piesideut of the South Side, Valentine Sehmidl schmidt; West Side, John O'Brien; North Side, W. H. Lyman; sec- retary, B. F. Jenkins; financial secretary, James Donohue; treasurer, George P. Bunker; sergeant-at arms, James Russell; assistant sergeants-at aims, John Reid and Paul Dasso; trustees, North-Side John S. Co< per, John F. O Mai- ley; South Side John C. Schubert, Owen Murray, William J. O'Brien, An- thony Dwertman; West Side Walter S. Bogle, Frank J. Dvorak, John A. King, John O'Brien and E. J. O'Hayer. Washington Park Club. Situated at South Park ave. and Sixty-first st. Take Cottage Grove avenue cable Jine. Organized 1883. Occupies an unpretentious though commodious club house, within easy accessof the Wash- ington club racing park, south of Washington park. It is a combination of the higher class of sporting, country and city clubs, members of nearly all the other leading clubs being connected with it. The club house is more in the nature of a rendezvous than a resort. The racing meetings of flie Washington Park Club are of national celebrity. The club house is handsomely fitted up for the comfort of the members and the ladies of members' families. Follow- ing are the officers for 1892: President, George Henry Wheeler; vice-presi- dents, Samuel W. Allerton, Albert S. Gage, Charles Schwartz, H. J. Mac- farland; treasurer. John R. Walsh; secretary, John E. Brewster; assistant secretary, James Howard; executive committee, the president, the vice-presi- dents, the treasurer, ex-officio, Charles D. Hamill, John Dupee, Jr., Arthur J. Caton, Henry J. Macfarland, Thos. Murdoch, J. Henry Norton, John B. Carson; property committee, John Dupee, Jr., Charles D. Hamill, John B. Carson; house committee, Charles Schwartz, Charles D. Hamill, J. Henry Norton; racing stewards, Albert S. Gage, Samuel H. Sweet, Frank S. Gor- ton, John Dupee, Jr., John E. Brewster; board of directors for 1892, Nathaniel K. Fairbank, Norman B. Ream, Samuel W. Allerton, James W. Oakley, Columbus R. Cummings, Charles J. Barnes, John R. Walsh, J. Henry Norton, Albert S. Gage, Samuel H. Sweet, Henry J. Macfarland, George H. Wheeler, Thomas Murdoch, Charles J. Singer. James B. Goodman, John Dupee, Jr., Frank 8. Gorton, George Smith, John B. Carson, Thomas Cratty, Arthur J. Caton, Charles Schwartz, Charles D. Hamill, John E. Brewster. The admission fee is $150, from the payment of which subscribers for one thousand dollars or more of the capital stock and officers of the U. S. Army and Navy are exempt; annual dues, $40. Webster Club. Composed of young men and organized for social pur- poses. Following are the members. Fred Abele, M. J. Walsh, Franklin Giese, M. J. O'Donnell, G. T. Thirsk, H. C. Grundman, W. S. Lahey, J. T. Stewart, W. A. Diez, J. E. McGrane, E. F. Breyer, H. E. Otte, L. A. Lemke, W. W. Lill, F. Becker, H. Stolt, P. H. Berkes, T. Lindberg and W. C. Carberry. Whitechapel Club. Located in the rear of 173 Calhoun PI. Organized in October, 188y. The object of the club is givtu on the charter as "Social Reform." The purposes of the club are purely social, the intention in form- ing it being to band together professional and literary men of congenial habit. Business meetings are held once a week. It is customary to permit residents of Chicago to visit the dub rocms and inspect the extremely unique decora- tions on Saturday. The visitor must be vouched for by a member of the club. 248 GUIDE TO CHICAGO. It is customary, once a month, to hold a social meeting called a "Symposium," to which guests are invited by the club and by individual members. The initiation fee is $50, and one objection from any member bars an applicant from admission. President, Charles Goodman Perkins; secretary, Hugh Blake Williams ,M. D.; treasurer, Henry Frayser Frarnsworth; board of directors for 1891, Charlts Goodyear Seymour, Wallace de Groat Reid, Finley Peter Dunne, Hoiace Taylor, Henry Ai.tbony Kosters, Edwin Michel Bernard, Frederic Uphsm Adams and Brand Whitlock. Women's Suffrage Club. Meets in the club-room of the Sherman House on the evening of the third Tuesday of each month. Organized for the pur- pose of advocating and agitating equal political rights. Officers President, Mrs. J. A. McKinney; vice president, Mrs. E. W. Haskett; secretary, Mrs. F. Beckwith; treasurer, Mrs. C. B. Sawyer. Woman's Chib of Emmton . Oiganized in 1889. One of the largest of the many Women's clubs which form the federation of the United Slates. The membership was limited to 125 until the fall of 1891, but now the mem- bership ia unlimited. The club is divided into committees, each having charge of Rome special branch of work; each committee holding meetings as often as desired. The club as a whole holds fortnightly meetings at the home of Mrs. Elizabeth Boynton Harbert, president of the club. Especial interest is being manifested in the World's Fair committee work. Other committees are on philanthropy, reform, philosophy and economy. Woodlawn Park Club. Located at Woodlawn Park, has a membership of over one hundred. Officers: N. C. Wheeler, president; A. S. Delaware, vice- president; F. G. Atwood, secretary; S. A. Magill, treasurer, and J. W. Hill, D. Graham, W. A. Fowler, A. J. Mills, S. V. Cornish and G. W. Riggs com- pose the board of directors. A handsome new home was erected for thisclub in 1892. It is a three-story brick, Queen Ann style of architecture, and is equipped with all modern conveniences. In the basement is a bowling alley. The club has a large dancing hall and stage for private theatricals. The hall has a seating capacity of 500. CLUBS LITERARY. Intellectual life in Chicago is creeping within bindings, and intellectual society in clubs is becoming as potent a factor as is fashionable society in ballrooms, parlors, and reception halls, which may not seem much in the saying, but is infinitely more than it seems, since culture is a slow growth and requires not only cessation from business cares, but careful thought and retirement. Moreover, the culture clubs of Chicago are not ephemeral crea- tions. They have struck their tools firmly into the roots and found it fertile. They have not been given over to faddists, but to men who carried the same sound business perceptions into literary recreation that had made them rich and well-known in the financial world. No doubt many builded better than they knew, but they had chosen a rock foundation, and when the winds blew and the rains descended, the structure did not vanish, as have too many of the sand-bedded edifices of a civilization grown effete and given over to whimsies. So it has come to pass in these latter days that Chicago has THE ENCYCLOPEDIA. 249 builded for herself many a quiet temple of literary fame wherein high thoughts and noble inspirations feed the eternal flame upon the inmost altar. It is the "living up, not down ; out, not in," and the city is better because these men and women have striven to acquaint themselves with the literature of both past and present, and instead of feasting on material things taste of the dainties that are bred in books. And posteiity, that much-talked of child, will be a nobler creature because of an ennobled and mentally broad- ened ancestry. Beseda (Bohemian Reading dub). Meets Tuesdays and Saturdays at 74 W. Taylor st. President, J. Kasper; secretary, E. A. Haase; treasurer, A. Matuska; librarian, F. B. Zdrubek. Browning Clubs' There are several Browning clubs in Chicago and vicinity, with no stated place of holding meetings. Nearly all are allied closely to the Women's Club and other literary societies. Chicago Library Club. The library club is precisely the kind of an organization that might be expected from its caption. It is comprised of mny men of many books, and is a comparatively recent association. The mere fact that such a club can exist and prosper is a significant one, and with a great truth underlying it. Unless a city were well equipped with library centers in its different districts a library club would be impossible. But Chicago is a city of splendid libraries, from the great free center with its 171,000 books, and the New berry reference library with 80,000 books, all along the gamut of the Hammond theological, the Chicago university, the Academy of Sciences, the Chicago Historical society, and the Northwestern university libraries. Besides these are the libraries connected with the Baptist union, the Presbyterian seminary, and St. Ignatius college, and the Law institute, together with a host of public school and smaller libraries. From all these sources have been drawn the membership of the Library club, with no less a peisonage for its president than Dr. William Poole, of the Newberry library. Fred Hild, of the public library, first vice-president; C. C. Pickett, of the Law institute, second vice president; Dr. G. E. Wise, secretary; Miss Lydia Dexter, treasurer. There will be no club rooms, as the club purposes meeting around in the various libraries, a sort of itinerant fellowship all through, becoming familiar with each other and with the different libraries at one and the same time. Chicago Literary Club. One of the oldest and most prominent of the culture organizations of Chicago. Organized March, 1874. Meets every Monday evening; holds receptions every fifth Monday; meets in the Art Insti- tute building. The list of presidents since its inception are as follows : Robert Collyer, 1874-75; Chas. B. Lawrence, 1875-76; Hos'mer A. Johnson, 1876-77; Daniel L. Shorey, 1877-78; Edward G. Mason, 1878-79; William F. Poole, 1879-80; Brooke Herford, 1880-81; Edwin C. Lamed, 1881-82; George How- land, 1882-83; Henry A. Huntington, 1883-84; Chas. Oilman Smith, 1884-85; James S. Norton, 1885-86; Alexander C. McClurg, 1886-87; Geo. C. Noyes, 1887-88; James L. High, 1888-89; James Nevins Hyde, 1889-90; Franklin H. Head, 1890-91; Clinton Locke, 1891-92. The officers for 1891-92 are: President, Clinton Locke; vice-presidents, Lewis H. Boutell, Clarence A. Burley, Arthur D. Wheeler; corresponding secretary, Edward I. Galvin; recording secretary 250 GUIDE TO CHICAGO. and treasurer, Frederick W. Gookin. Committees: Officers and members: Lewis H. Boutell, Henry V. Freeman, Ephraim A. Otis, William Eliot Fur- ness, James A. Hunt; arrangements and exercises, Clarence A. Burley, Frank Gilbert, William W. Case, Allen B. Pond, Theodore P. Prudden; on rooms and finance, Arthur D. \Vheeler, Henry B. Stone, Charles D. Hamill, Moses L. Scudder, Jr., Edwin Burritt Smith. Club Litteraire Francais. Club rooms 45 E. Randolph st. Organized 1872. The membership is composed of about half French people and half Ameri- cans, and between the program numbers are intermissions for conversation, which, according to club regulations, shall be in French only. The French Lit- erary Club of Chicago came, like a new newspaper, to fill "along-felt want." Here, where opportunites of hearing the French language spoken in all its purity are particularly small, it was an unspeakable boom to bring educated Parisians together with those who were endeavoring to become familiar with the Gallic tongue. To bring them together so as to give mutual pleasure to both classes was even more desirable. Both have been done. The Club Litteraire Francais is a verity. It has a local habitation and a name, and it meets every Saturday evening for a social reception, a short musical pro- gram, or a French play, sometimes a blending of all three, varied by mon- ologues and essays, though the latter are considered a trifle monotonous and not volatile enough for " Lalange Francaise." The dramatic- performances are the club's pride. They, like all else on the program, are entirely French, but they are admirably conducted by A. Gouere, who was formerly an actor in the famous Comedie Francaise in Paris. Added to this is the fact that many of the best musicians in town are members of the club, and are not chary of their contributions. The Conseil d'Administration for 1891-92 is as follows: President, Robert D. Ward well; vice-president, Leon de Sadowski; second vice-president, Mme. C. A. Sykes; secretary, M. Leon Grehier; treas- urer, Arthur Woodcock; dramatic director, M. A. Gouere; reception com- mittee, Mile. Li'y Roemheld, Mile. Katherine Knowles, W. M. Payne, A O. Proast, H. J. Mellen, Ed E. Bideleux, O. L. Jandsha. Illinois Woman's Press Association. From a score of workers who met at the home of that most zealous of clever literary women Dr. Julian Holmes Smith in 1885, has sprung the Illinois Woman's Press Association. It was suggested by the organization of the Woman's National Press Association at the New Orleans Exposition and is conducted on much the same lines, is a mem- ber of the National Editorial Association, the Federation of Women's Clubs, the International League of Press Clubs, and is auxiliary to the Illinois Woman's Alliance. Meets nine times a year. In order to facilitate achieve- ment the association is divided into committees of editors, reporters, authors, correspondents, contributors, and publishers, each having its own particular branch of work to attend to. All women having published original matter in book form or who have been, or are, regularly connected with any reputable journal are eligible for membership. The social side of the club, busy women that they are, has not been overlooked. The annual banquet is always admirably arranged, well- conducted, and a thoroughly enjoyable event. Also, noted newspaper women visiting the Garden City are prone to find themselves the honored guests of this band of brainy women. A peculiarity of this club is that it has never had, or wanted to have, but the one president. From the organization in 1885, through the re- organization TilE ENCYCLOPEDIA. 251 of 1886, up to the present time Mrs. Mary Allen West of the Union Signal has stood at the helm. Sometimes her subordinate officers went the way of all officials, but the revered president was, is, and will be Mary Allen West. The official list for 1892 is: President, Mary Allen West; vice presidents, Mrs. Elizabeth A. Reed, Alice B. Stockham, M. D., and Mrs. Sarah Wilder Pratt; recording secretary, Belle L. Gorton; assistant recording secretary, Jessie King; corresponding secretary, Emily A. Kellogg; assistant corres- ponding s cretary, E. Jeannette Abbott; treasurer, Mrs. Francis E. Owens; librarian, Ella S. Bass. Longfellow Club. An association of young ladies engaged in the study of the poet Longfellow. Meets at the homes of members. On the order of "Browning Clubs." Palette Club. A society of Artists; gives exhibitions of the works of local artists at the Art Institute, and meets for social purposes. The leading artists of the city are among its members. Papyrus Club. Organized Sept. 14, 1891. The club with the suggestive Egyptian name is entirely given over to the literati, and is modeled after the Papyrus club of Boston, one of whose prominent members, Mr. Hovey, the local club has recently entertained. The only people eligible for membership in the Papyrus are writers, publishers, artists, and booksellers, and already the club has established a handsomely furnished suite of rooms in the Audi- torium building, where members may at all times resort, and where, no doubt, social amenities will be developed as the club waxes older and stronger. Already it numbers among its members such well-known writers as Nancy Huston B-inks, author of the charming Kentucky romance " Stairs of Sand;" Thomas S. Denison, the playwright; Maud Menefee, the writer of children's stories, and Mrs. Lou Y. Chapin. What the club may grow into if judiciously managed is difficult of prophecy, that will depend on the literati themselves. They have already given an "author's reading" evening, which is quite an in novation in Chicago clubs. The officers are: President, Mogs P. Handy; first vice-president, George P. Englehard; second vice-president, Charles H. Sergei; third vice-president, Mary Allen West; corresponding secretary, Ed- ward Owings Towne; recording secretary, Maud Menefee; financial secretary, T. S. Denison; treasurer, Robert H. Vickers; librarian, Austin Granville; additional directors, Auguste Eckle, C. H. Kingman. Press League, The. Organized for the purpose of receiving and enter taining newspaper and literary people during the progress of the Columbian Exposition, but with particular regard to the entertainment of women writers. Has no connection with the National Press League. When the women writers from afar come to the Exposition they will find the league's rooms on the grounds, a very Mecca for the tired and perplexed journalist, and after the fair has come and gone there is no doubt but the organization will continue to establish co-operation among regular writers for the press, to furnish information as may be desired by writers from fellow-workers in different parts of this country and in foreign countries, and to foster an esprit du corps. The league meets once a month in the Auditorium club rooms, and those gatherings are reported to be the wittiest and merriest; albeit intensely literary, that an organization which contains not one dull person may pro- duce. A peculiarity of the Press League is that ils officers are elected for three years, so that the following will still be in office during the Exposition: President, Mary H. Krout, the Inter-Ocean; vice-presidents, Martha Howe 252 GUIDE TO CHICAGO. Davidson, Aclele Chretien. San Francisco Examiner; Helen Winslow, Boston Beacon; Lou V. Chapin, Chicago Graphic; recording secretary, Virginia Lull, the Chicago Evening Journal; corresponding secretary, Eve H. Brodlique, the Chicago Times; corresponding secretary representative board, Isabella O'Keefe; treasurer, Antoinette Van Hoesen Wakeman, the Chicago Evening Post; chairman auditing board, Mary E. Bundy, the Religio- Philosophical Journal; assistant secretary, Norah Gridley; representatives at large, A. V. H. Wakeman, Chicago Evening Post; Illinois, Virginia Lull, Chicago Evening Journal; Ohio, Claudia I. Murphy, Toledo Commercial; Michigan, Sarah J. La Tour, American Tyler, Detroit, Mich.; Indiana, Ida A. Harper, Indianap- olis News; Iowa, Pauline Given Swalin, Oskaloosa Herald; California," Win- fred Sweet Black; New Jersey and New York periodicals, Hester M. Poole; New York, Florence Ives; Massachusetts, Helen M. Winslow, Boston Beacon; Nebraska, Ellia Peattie, Omaha World-Herald; Minnesota, Ruth Kimball, St. Paul Globe. Saracen Club. Organized 1876. The originators of the club were Henry W. Fuller and Dr. Samuel Willard and it was named the Saracen because its members proposed to criticise ideas and literature as unsparingly as the Saracens fought their enemies and giving as little quarter. There is no clubhouse. For sixteen years the members have met around at each other's homes, thus preserving a marked social feature. There is always a paper, followed by a discussion, and then a supper is served by her who it chances is the hostess of the evening. The entertainment is frequently quite elaborate, as the Saracen members are people of ample means and social prominence. There are eighty of them in all and each member has the privilege of bringing a friend, so that to have a meeting of the Saracens at one's home is no ignoble affair. During the winter seasons the meetings are held every month and are discontinued in the summer. The membership is largely composed of doctors, lawyers and literary men and their wives, with a sprinkling of unmarried folk. Every year they give an entertainment and dinner at Kinsley's, which is quite a fashionable gathering. During the whole list of presidents there has been only one lady at the head of affairs, Mrs. George A. Harding, who is also a member of the Fortnightly and Chicago Women's clubs. The officers for 1892 are: President Merritt Starr; vice-presidents, Mrs. Sumner Ellis, Austin Bierbower and Dr. Marie J. Mergler; secretary and treasurer, Norman P. Willard; executive committee, Irving K. Pond, Mrs. John Wilkinson, E. B. Sherman, Mrs. Charles Guy Bolte, Edwin Burritt Smith. Spanish American Club. Meets usually at the Tremont house. The aim of the association is the better understanding of the Spanish language and the customs of the people and the products of the Latin countries. While as yet the club is purely social, later it will undoubtedly become active in prac- tical lines. Among those prominently connected with the organization are City Treasurer Peter Kiolbassa, August E. Gans, Alberto Zarate, J. M. Wiers, E. F. Cotilla, E. S. Douglas, A. Raphael, A. C. Aaback, B. T. Thomas, Manuel S. Molano, Mrs. A. M. L. Coleson and Miss Grace L. Dick- inson. Tuesday Rinding Club. Organized in 1891, Mrs. Jean M. Waldron, a prominent North Side woman, being its originator. It was her idea to form a reading club wherein ladies might meet for the study of good literature and to leran how to read it expressively. The idea took and a coterie of North Side ladies have banded together and meet every Tuesday evening for the THE ENCYCLOPEDIA. 253 pleasant exercises. As the club meets at the respective homes of the mem- bers, there is afforded a charming opportunity for sociability, a factor which never has been overlooked. Light refreshments are served, and sometimes the ladies sit down to a dainty luncheon. But the literary part is counted as the first and greatest part of the club's existence. Twentieth Century Club. Established November 9, 1880, very much on the plan of the .Nineteenth Century club of New York. It is a club which admits both ladies and gentlemen, in fact its founder was a lady, Mrs. George R. Grant, who had returned from the Atlantic coast full of the new idea. Mrs. Grant is a society leader, as well as a beautiful and accomplished woman, a daughter of Fernando Jones. She has been the mainspriug of the Cen- tury club ever since its inception, though the presidents have been of the sterner sex. For the first two years Maj. Kirkland filled that office, and a; present Charles D. Hamill, who is well-known as the new president of the board of trade, stands at the head of this fashionable literary organization. The object of the club is the promotion of serious thought upon art, science and literature, and the entertainment of distinguished men and women of other cities of this and other countries. Such individuals as have achieved distinction in their respective departments of knowledge are invited to meet the club and speak before it. The officers are: President, Charles D. Hamill; vice-presidents, L. C. Collins, Jr., Mrs. Charles Heurotin; secretary, Mrs. George R. Grant, 1834 Prairie avenue; treasurer, William Morton Payne, 1601 Prairie avenue; general committee, Elwyn A. Barron, Hugh T. Birch, Ingolf K. Boyesen, Charles Page Bryan, L. C. Collins,' Jr., Charles D. Hamill, Joseph Kirkland, A. C. McClurg, William Morton Payne, Henry B. Stone, David Swiug, Charles Walsh, Mrs. H. C. Brainard, Miss Amy Fay, Mrs. George R. Grant, Mrs. W. Q. Gresham, Mrs. Charles Henrotin, Mrs. Fernando Jones, Mrs. Joseph Medill, Mrs. S. J. Medill, Miss Harriet S. Mon- roe, Mrs. G. M. Pullman, Mrs. H. O. Stone, Mrs. H. M. Wilmarth. Women's Reading. Circle of S^nth Evanston. Organized November 5, 1890, meets semi-monthly; membership limited to twenty-live; object, the study of history. Mrs. Alexander Clark, director. CLUBS STATE SOCIAL ORGANIZATIONS. The American population of Chicago is composed in great part of natives of other sections of the United States. The States of Indiana, Kentucky, Ohio, Pennsylvania, New York, New Jersey, New Hampshire, Vermont, Con- necticut, Rhode Island and Massachusetts are very largely represented here among the mercantile and professional classes. The natives of a number of the States have formed themselves into organizations of a social character, which are referred to below. California Pioneers. The Western Association of California Pioneers was organized January, 1890. The society is composed principally of persons who crossed the plains in 1849, and for the purpose of bringing together for- mer residents of the State of California. Its meetings are held at the Grand Pacific Hotel, and its annual meeting is held on the 18th day of January in each and every year, in commemoration of the day on which gold was first discovered in California, January 18, 1848. The officers are: Charles P. 254 GUIDE TO CHCAGO. Jackson, president; Addison Ballard, first vice president; Thad. P. SearS, second vice-president; John B. Kerr, secretary; Davis W. Miller, treasurer; trustees: George G. Custer, J. A. B. Waldo, Samuel Waugh, George A. Emery, Addison Ballard, Chicago; Wm. N. Brainard, Evanstou, 111.; Cam- den Knight, Custer Park 111. North Pacific Association. To include former residents and natives of Alaska, Washington, Idaho and Montana. Object, to bring together former residents of the sections named in order to advance .the interests of that division of the Union, and to formulate the best plans for the proper enter- tainment of the people of the North Pacific section during the World's Colum- bian Exposition. Ohio Society of Chicago. Organized April 29, 1890, the charter members being Charles E. Bliven, Charles D. Hauk, John T. Shayne, E. S. Jeuison, Samuel Parker, Dr. Listen H. Montgomery, Leroy D. Thoman. The resi- dent members number 151; non-resident members, 13; honorary members 11, making a total membership in March, 1892, of 175. The society meets quar- terly, on the first Tuesdays in January, April, July and October. The annuai meeting is held on April 30th. In the list of honorary members are included the following : Benjamin Harrison, President of the United States ; Ruther- ford B. Hayes, ex-President of the United States ; Charles Anderson, of Eddy- ville, Ky.; Gen. Jacob D. Cox, of Cincinnati, Ohio; ex-Governor R. M. Bishop, Cincinnati, Ohio ; ex-Governor Charles Foster, Fostoria, Ohio ; ex-Governor George Hoadley, New York ; ex-Governor Joseph B. Foraker, Cincinnati, Ohio ; Governor James E. Campbell, Columbus, Ohio; Allen G. Thurman, Columbus, Ohio. Among other prominent members are : Bishop Merrill, Prof essor Swing, Dr. Barrows, Dr. Gunsaulus, the Rev. G. K. Flack, Dr. Arthur Edwards, the Rev. R. D. Scott, ""Colonel H. C. Corbin, ex-Gov- ernor John M. Hamilton, General Benjamin Butterworth, Judge Baker, John B. Drake, Major F. Q. Ball, Colonel J. S. Cooper, C. S. Darrow, J. W. Ells- worth, P. S. Grosscup, W. W. Gurley, S. W. Stone, Wm. A. Mason, and many other names equally well-known. The officers of the society elected at its last meeting were: President, Judge L. D. Thoman, ex-United States CivilService Commissioner; Vice-presidents, Charles E. Bliveu, Win. A. Ewing, Albert H. Massey, Geo. Watkins, Lucius B. Montonya, Oscar M. Smith, Daniel W. Mills, Henry D. Overdier, and Geo. W. Anderson. Honorary Vice-presidents, Joseph Medill, Anthony F. Seeberger, William Penn Nixon, Joseph B. Leake, John B. Drake. Secretary, Dr. L. H. Montgomery; Treasurer, Samuel Parker; Trustees, John T. Shayne, Geo. P. Jones, Chas. D. Hauk, Addison Ballard, Amos J. Harding, Henry J. Bohn, Theo. P. Elliott, Aaron J. Mik^clie, Edward S. Jenison. In a circular issued by the officers on May 1, 1890, the object of the society is set forth as follows : " We believe it desirable to have a social organization in this city of former residents of Ohio, to the end that the enviable position attained by our native State in the recent contest for the location of the World's Fair may be maintained." Any person over eighteen years of age, of good moral character, and who is a native, or the son of a native, of the State of Ohio, or has been a resident of Ohio fora period of five years, may be admitted as an active member. Any person of the age and THE ENCYCLOPEDIA. 255 character and similarly qualified, residing in Ohio or born therein, or having been a resident thereof for five years, ana residing elsewhere than in the city of Chicago, and not within fifty miles thereof, may be admitted as a non-resi- dent member. Non-resident members shall be entitled to all of the privileges of the society, except that they shall not vote or hold office. Admission fee, $10 ; annual dues, $.5 ; non resident members' admission fee, $5 ; no dues. Sons of Chicago. Organized 1892. Native born Chicagoans are alone elligible to membership. Thomas H. Cannon, chairman, Clark C. Rolf, secretary. Sons of Connecticut. Organized 1891. Requisite for membership, birth in the State of Connecticut. Object, to promote the interests of that State in the World's Columbian Exposition, and for social purposes. Officers : Presi- dent, E. St. John ; Vice-President, Frank M. Blair ; Secretary and Treasurer, C. W. Newton, 7 Randolph st. Executive Committee : E. St. John, Frank M. Blair, Joseph Woodruff, F. W. Short, C. W. Newton. Sons of Delaware. Organized June 20, 1890 ; membership about 35. Requisite to membership, birth in the State of Delaware. A social organiza- tion. Initiation fee, $2.00. Officers: President, F. L. Ford ; Vice-President, T. H. Glenn ; Treasurer, M. J. Powers ; Secretary, A. Lloyd, 3800 Vincennes avenue. Sons of Indiana. Organized December 20, 1890. Present membership, about 125. Requisites for membership, former residence in the State of Indiana, present residence in Co*bk county, Illinois. Meetings hela quarterly, first Tuesdays in January, April, July and October, at such places as may be named by the president. First banquet held February 24, 1891, in celebra- tion of the anniversary of the capture of Viucennei by George Rogers Ciark. The date of the annual banquets is fixed at December 11, in celebration of the admission of Indiana as a State into Union. Initiation fee, $1.(0; annual dues, $1.00. Assessments are made to meet expenses of banquets, etc. The officers are: President, John Lyle King; 1st vice-president, D. M. Hillis; 2d vice-president. J. W. Helm; secretary, Geo. W. Wiggs; treasurer, E. W. Akinson; executive committee, J. Harvey Bates, J. M. Olcott, J. William Telm, Geo. W. Wiggs, James M. Starbuck, W. C. Niblack, Lawrence P. B -yle. Sons of Louisiana. Organized May 1, 1889. Membership, about 50. Requisite for membership, former residence in the State of Louisiana. Initia- tion fee, $2.00 ; dues, $6.00 per annum ; meet first Monday of each month. Officers: President, G. W. Becker; vice-president, Seymour Walton; secre- tary and treasurer, F. R. Sonthmayd. Sons of Maine. Organized April 3, 1880. Present membership, about 200. Requisite for membership, birth in the State of Maine, regardless of sex. No stated place of meeting, one of the leading hotels being usually selected for semi-annual gatherings and banquets. Initiation fee, $1.00 ; annual dues, $1.00. Assessments are made to cover expenses incurred. The officers are : President, E. F. Getchell; 1st vice-president, Geo. L. Dunlap; 2d vice-pres- ident, J. J. P. Odell; 3d vice-president, J. B. Hobbs; treasurer, William Sprague: secretary, Frank Hamlin (son of Hon. Hannibal Hamlin, and a ri-ing young lawyer), room 77, 119 La^alle st. ; directors: Geo. M. Sargent, Geo. A. Emery, F. H. Smith, C. F. Kimball, Newton Goodwin, W. H. Andrews, F. A. Johnson. The Sons of Maine have on their list of members the names of many leading citizens of Chicago. 256 GUIDE TO CHICAGO. Sons of Massachusetts. Organized November 12, 1889. Present member- ship, about 150. Meet semi-annually at the Grand Pacific Hotel. The object of the association, as stated in the by-laws, is " to cherish the memory of our mother State, to acknowledge our love and fidelity to her, t'o perpetuate her memory to those who come after us, and to maintain a patriotic love and devo- tion to our common country, composed of all States." Any citizen of Illinois born in Massachusetts, or formerly residing there, is eligible to membership. AD annual assessment is made upon the members for the liquidation of such expenses as may be incurred. The officers are: President, Erskine M. Phelps; vice-presidents, fcilas N. Brooks, Edward F. Lawrence, Porter P. Heywood; secretary, Edward H. Griggs; treasurer, Norman W. Harris; Directors, Chas. Lyman Case, E. W. Brooks, Charles E. Field, Joeiah L. Lombard, John B. Clarke, Henry Slade, E. A. Simonds, Edward O. Parker, John C. Policy. Sons of Michigan. A Society composed of former residents of Michigan. President, Joseph A Nealey; secretary, Richard Altrogh; treasurer, John W. Irvine. The object of the club is to provide entertainment to Michigan people coming here during the World's Fair. Sons of New York. An Association of the natives of the State of New York was formed early in September, 1889, and was incorporated on January 2, 1890. Its object or purpose was to co-operate with other State societies in the effort then being made to secure the location of the great Inteinational Exposition at Chicago. To this end the members of the Association, individ- ually and collectively, devoted their time and influence with characteristic zeal and energy. The membership of the Association increased at so rapid a rate that it was resolved to make the organization permanent, which was done, as mentioned above, by incorporating under the laws of Illinois. The princi- pal object of the Association is the occasional bringing together at re-unions of the resident men and women who hail from the Empire State for the pur- pose of social intercourse, to renew past acquaintance, form new friendships and cultivate the amenities incidental to a common citizenship. The society of the Sons of New York has a .membership of over seven hundred, hailing from every county in the State of New York, and many of whom were form- erly friends and neighbors, but now residents of the great Empire City of the West, in the growth and development of which the New Yorkers have ever been conspicuous. Meets once a month at the Sherman House. ' Officers: President, De Witt C. Cregier; first vice-president, J. Irving Pearce; second vice-president, Solomon Thatcher, Jr.; third vice-president, J. L. Hotchkin; secretary, John E. Davis, 154 Lake st. ; treasurer, Cbas. E. Leonard; directors, Potter Palmer, Nelson Steele, Geo. H. Harlow, D. Miks and Daniel H. Pinnery. Sons of Pennsylvania. Organized December, 1889; present membership, about 800. The association is comprised; 1st, of native born or resident Penn- sylvania^; 2d, of former citizens of Pennsylvania, who have resided at least tea yers in the State; 3d, of those who have been connected with the University, or any of the colleges, scientific or professional institutes of Pennsylvania; 4th, of those who served during the war in any Pennsylvania regiment, and may also include as members thoe still residing in Pennsyl- vania; numbers among its honorary members, Geo. W. Childs, Andrew Carnagie, Ex-Gov. Beaver, Gov. Patterson, Ad jutant General Hastings, Post- Master General Wanamaker and others. The object of the association, as stated in the preamble of the constitution, is " for the purpose of promoting more intimate acquaintance with each other, cultivating and keeping THE ENCYCLOPEDIA. 257 alive the associations, and reviving the recollections of our native State; and, to the end that we may the better act in regard to all matters per- taining to the common interest of the State of Pennsylvania and the State of our adoption." Initiation fee,*$2.00; annual dues, $1.00. Meetings are held monthly at the Palmer House. Election of officers occurs on the first Monday in December, annually. At least one banquet is held every year. In an address issued by the officers, the following presentation of the organization's aims is made: The "Sous of Pennsylvania" is an organiza- tion growing out of the Pennsylvania Auxiliary Committee of the World's Fair, and is a permanent association, devoted to the development of an expression of those social and fraternal influences which cling to the mem- ories and incidents of " Home " in " The Keystone State " of Pennsylvania. During the World's Fair season, the fraternal instincts of the Association will gladly assist all Pennsylvanians, whether residents of the Keystone State or citizens of "The Empire of the West," to secure home comforts at that moder- ate cost which, upon great occasions in large cities, is so difficult of access to the temporary sojourner. It may serve to still further endear the Associa- tion to the heart of every Pennsylvanian to know that in its permanent form of organization, one of its special duties will be to demonstrate the value and extent of the influence exerted by Pennsylvanians throughout the entire West, in its social, commercial and professional progress." The officers are: President, Hon. W. B. Cunningham; vice-presidents, Franklin MacVeagh, Dr. Swayne Wickersham, Hon.H M Shepard, Hon. J. J. Brinkerhoff, Capt. J. B. Clow treasurer, Dr. J. W. Slonaker; secretary, Frederick J. Patterson, 449, "The Rookery," Chicago; executive committee, Austin L. Nestlerode, chairman; Hon. Thos. D. McClelland, Major C. I. Wickersham, J. C. Ander- son, W. B. Cunningham, F. J. Patterson; finance committee, Gen. Jos. Stocton, chairman; Dr. A. P. Gilmore, Dr. John F. Williams, Wm. Y. Daniels; membership committee, Atlee V. Coale, chairman; C. E. Bruner, S. E. Gross, C. S. Burrows, E. C. Loomis, B. B. Anderson. The membership of the Sons of Pennyslvania is comprised of many of Chicago's leading citi- zens in every honorable walk of life. Sons of Rhode Island. Organized November 12, 1889. Present member- ship about 100. Initiation fee, $1.00; annual dues, $].UO. Meets annually on the first Tuesday in October at such place as the preside nt may direct. Other meetings may be called during the year. The preamble to the constitution sets forth the purpose of the association as that of " promoting more intimate acquaintance with each other, cultivating and keeping alive the associations and reviving the recollections of our native State, and to the end that we may the better act in regard to all matters pertaining to the common interests of the State of Rhode Island and the city and State of our adoption." The membership of this association consists "of gentlemen and ladies who were born in Rhode Island, residing in Illinois at the time of joining the associa- tion, and such other gentlemen as claim to be Rhode Islanders, or who served in any Rhode Island regiment during the war, or who have been connected with Brown University, and shall be recommended by the membership com- mittee, upon their signing the constitution ana by-laws and paying the required fee." The officers are: President, Col. W. A. James; vice-presidents, H. B. Cragin, David Fales. Charles J. Mauran, J. M. Francis, C. P. Walcott; 258 GUIDE TO CHICAGO. secretary, Henry A. Taylor; treasurer, Willliam B. Bocart ; executive com- mittee, H. L. Belden, W. P. Cragin, J. B. Marsh, J.^G. Cozzens, J. W. Lyon; membership committee, W. B. Ballou, F. P. Crandon, (). S. Westcott, E. L. Barber, C. L. Weaver; delegate* to State Association, W A. James, J. T. Bowen, E. F. Cragin. An annual assessment is made to cover expenses incurred. Sons of Vermont. Organized January 10, 1877. Present membership about 275. Object, the perpetuation of the memory of the mother State, and social intercoime among her sons. Originally it was requisite that an appli- cant for membership should be a native of Vermont, but by a recent amend- ment to the constitution sons of Vermontersov located on ground of its own, about three minutes' "walk from the University campus in Evan- ston. To accommodate the many young ladies who desire to secure an edu- cation at a cost somewhat less than the regular rates, the ' ' College Cottage," a brick building near the Woman's College, has been erected. The young ladies in this building have charge of a large share of the domestic arrange- ments, and expenses are thereby greatly reduced. Co-educalion has been found to work successfully at Northwestern, and experience shows the ladies to be in every respect the equals of the young men in college work. PREPARATORY SCHOOL. Owing to the lack of good secondary schools the University found it necessary many years ago to establish its own pre- paratory department. In this school the advanced grade of scholarship which the University seeks to maintain may be begununder the direct super- vision of the authorities of the University. The number of students in the preparatory departments has steadily grown until during 1890 there were nearly 700 students in attendance, an increase of 100 per cent, in about four years. The graduates of this department pass, in general, to the Freshman Class of the College of Liberal Arts, but many here complete their preparations for Eastern colleges. The applicant should be at least thirteen years of age, and must have such proficiency as to be able in one term to complete Geography, and in two terms to complete Arithmetic and English ME ENCYCLOPEDIA. 283 grammar. Faculty: Rev. Herbert F. Fisk, D. D., principal ; Rev. Joseph L. Morse, A. M., assistant principal ; Charles B. Thwing, A. M., instructor in physics ; Ada Townsend, A. B., .instructor in Latin ; Charles H. Gordon, M. S., instructor in natural history ; George W. Schmidt. Ph. B., instructor in German ; Henry Benner, M. S., instructor in mathematics ; John A. Scott, B. A., instructor in Greek ; Charles H. Zimmerman, B. A., instructor in Latin ; Effie K. Price, A. B., instructor in English ; Louise Pearsons, A. B., instructor in mathematics ; Arthur H. Wilde, A. B., B. D., instructor in Latin ; John A. Walz, instructor in French ; Zuba E. Ferguson, instructor in drawing. GARRETT BIBLICAL INSTITUTE. The faculty is as follows: Rev. Henry B. Ridgaway, D. D., LL. D., president; Rev. Miner Raymond, D. D., LL. D.; Rev. Charles F. Bradley, D. D.; Rev. Milton 6. Terry, D. D.; Rev. Charles W. Bennett, D. D., LL. D.; Robert L. Cumnock, A. M.; Rev. Charles Hors- well, A. M., B. D.; Rev. Nels E. Simonsen, A. M., B. D. The Garrett Bib- lical Institute, the theological department of the University, has been in operation since 1856. It is open to all young men from any evangelical church who are proper persons to study in preparation for the Christian min- istry. It is supported by the income from property in the city of Chicago bequeathed as a perpetual foundation by the late Mrs. Eliza Garrett. It is essential that those who enter this school should have good preparation in previous study. The regular course of study extends through three years and leads to the degree of Bachelor of Divinity. There is a diploma course and an Eclectic English course for those who are not classical graduates of a col- lege. In connection with the theological school there is a Norwegian-Danish department. Rev. Nels E. Simonsen, A. M., B. D., is principal. SWEDISH THEOLOGICAL SEMINARY. The Swedish Theological Seminary was established in 188^ and is the only school of its kind under the patronage of the Methodist Episcopal Church. "From this school preachers are sent out to nearly every State in the Union. It was called into existence to meet the urgent and increasing demands for educated pastors and missionaries among the Swedish population in the United States. Rev. Albert Ericson, A. M., is president, and Rev. C. G. Wallenius is assistant professor. SCHOOL OF ORATORY. The School of Oratory, under the direction of Prof. R. L. Cumnock, A. M., the noted elocutionist, has become widely known and is largely attended. Students from other colleges, while prepar- ing for various oratorical contests, frequently come to Northwestein for special training in this school. A high standard of oratory is maintained at Northwestern, and the prize speaking at commencement brings together a great audience. The College of Oratory offers a two years' course of study and gives to its graduates a certificate of graduation. CONSERVATORY OF Music. The Conservatory of Music has for some time been one of the prominent departments of the University. It affords facilities for a thorough and systematical education in the theory and practice of music. Pupils in music are advised to pursue at the same time some studies in one of the literary departments of the University. Four courses of study are offered, each occupying four years. Faculty Piano, P. C. Lutkiu, Allen H. Spencer, Mamie C. Lull, Cornelia Hopkins, Jennie Sanborn; voice culture, J. Harry Wheeler, Edith Gale; organ, P. C. Lutkin, Wm. H. Cutter; theory and com- position, P. C. Lutkin; harp, Julia Phelps; violin, Joseph Vilim; guitar and banjo, Geo. H. Bowers; sight-reading and chorus classes, William Smedley. 284 GUIDE TO .CHICAGO. ASTRONOMICAL, DEPARTMENT. The astronomical department of the Uni- versity is located at Evanston. The new observatory, a stone building eighty- one feet in length by seventy-one feet in breadth, includes a dome for the great equatorial telescope, a meridian circle room, a library and eight addi- tional rooms for other purposes. The great Dearborn telescope, an equatorial refractor, was made by Alvan Clark & Sons, of Cambridge, Mass., in 1861. This insturment was the largest refractor in the world until a few years ago, and now has few superiors. The observatory will be open to visitors on Thursday evening of each week by previous arrangement with the director. Visitors may also be admitted at other times by making special arrangements with the president of the University or the director of the observatory. The location of the observatory is on the lake shore, about half a mile north of the main buildings of the university. While in this vicinity the visitor should visit the Evanston Water Works and Grosse Point Light House, which are located a little farther to the north. There is a magnificent drive along the lake shore here also, extending north to Fort Sheridan, or a re'urn may be made upon the old Green B ly road, which is met after a circuit around the point, and carries the visitor back on Ridge ave. , the finest resi- dence street in Evanston. Prom Grosse Point may be witnessed the most dangerous roadway on the lake, and the one most frequented by vessels. Dense fogs settle here through the navigation season, and for the protection of shipping the Government has located a fog-horn in the vicinity. CHICAGO DEPARTMENTS. The Chicago departments of the University include the Medical School, Law School, School of Pharmacy, and Dental School. THE MEDICAL SCHOOL. The Northwestern University Medical School, formerly known as the Cbicago Medical College, is located in Chicago, adjoin- ing the Mercy Hospital. The course of study is graded; it extends over three years, and leads to the Degree of Doctor of Medicine. Students who begin their medical studies in this college are required to take three full courses of lectures. Applicants for admission must present diplomas or certificates from recognized colleges, schools of science, academies, high schools, or teachers' certificates of the first or second grade, or sustain an examination in the following subjects: 1. English The writing of a composition, in the form of a letter, of not less than three hundred words, relatiug to some well known recent event ; the subject to be announced at the time of the English exami- nation. 2. Arithmetic Prime and composite numbers, factors, divisors and multiples; proportion; decimals, including percentage; simple and compound interest and discount, but not the technical parts of commercial arithmetic: English weights and measures and the metric system. 3. Geography A reasonable familiarity with the principal facts in physical and civil geog- raphy, as taught in the public schools. 4. At the option of the candidate, either one of the following subjects: (a) Latin The translation into Eng- lish of a short passage of average difficulty from one of the first four books of Ctesar's " Commentaries on the Gallic War," and the answering of ele- mentary questions relating to the grammar of the passage, (b) German The translation into English of short passages of average difficulty from "Whitney's German Reader," and the answering of elementary questions relating to the grammar of the passages, (c) Physics Balfour Stewart, or its equivalent. Exception Special students, not candidates for the degree of M. D., will be admitted without the presentation of diplomas or certifi- sj o > u < THE ENCYCLOPEDIA. - 285 cates, and without the examination mentioned above. Faculty: Henry "Wade Rogers, LL. D., president; Edward O. F. Roler, A. M., M. D., professor emeritus of obstetrics; Nathan S. Davis, M. D. , LL. D., Dean, professor of principles and practice of medicine and clinical medicine; Edmund Andrews, M. D., LL. D., treasurer, professor of clinical surgery; Ralph N. Isham, A. M., M. D., professor of principles and practice of surgery and clinical surgery; John H. Hollister, A. M., M. D., professor of clinical medicine; Samuel J. Jones, M. D..LL. D., professor of ophthalmology and otology; Marcus P. Hatfield, A.M., M. D., professor of diseases of children; JohnH. Long, Sc. D., professor of chemistry and director of chemical labratory; Emilius Clark Dudley, A. M., M. D., professor of gynaecology; John E. Owens, M. D. , professor of principals and practice of surgery and clinical surgery; Oscar C. DeWolf, A. M., M. D., professor state medicine and public hygiene; Frederick C. Schaefer, M. D., professor of descriptive anatomy; Isaac N. Danforth, A. M., M. D., professor of clinical medicine; William E. Casselberry, M. D., professor of materia medica and therapeutics, laryn- gology and rhinology: William W. Jaggard, A.M., M. D., professor of obstetrics; Nathan S. Davis, Jr., A. M., M. D., professor of principles and practice of medicine; Frank 8. Johnson, A. M., M. D., professor of general pathology and pathological anatomy; Frank Billings, M. S., M. D. , secre- tary, professor of physical diagnosis and clinical medicine and lecturer on practice of medicine; E. Wyllys Andrews, A. M., M. D., professor of clin- ical surgery; Frank T. Andrews, A. M., M. D., professor of histology; George W. Webster, M. D., professor of physiology; Joseph Zeisler.M . D., professor of dermatology and syphilis; Herbert H. Frothingham, M. D., professor of descriptive anatomy; Elbert Wing, A. M., M. D., professor of nervous and mental diseases, and medical jurisprudence; William E. Morgan, M. D., lecturer on operative surgery and surgical anatomy; George S. Isham, A. M.,M D., clinical assistant to professor of surgery; John D. Kales, M. D., demonstrator of pathology; Rufus G. Collins, M. D., demonstrator of obstetrical operations; Thomas Benton Swartz, A. M., M. D., demonstrator of anatomy and clinical assistant in gynaecology ; Horace M. Starkey, M. D., clinical lecturer on ophthalmology and otology; Thomas J. Watkins, M. D., clinical assistant in gynaecology; Edward Tyler Edgerly, A. M., M. D., demonstrator of histology and instructor in physical diagnosis; John Leern- ing, M. D., lecturer on materia medica; Jared C. Hepburn, M. D., clinical assistant to laryngology and rhinology; James T. Campbell, M. D., assistant demonstrator of anatomy; Samuel C. Plummer, A. M., M. D,, assistant demonstrator of anatomy; Daniel N. Eisendrath, A. B., M. D., curator of museum. SCHOOL OF PHARMACY. The School of Pharmacy, located at the cor- ner of Lake and Dearborn ts.,is one of the most numerously attended schools of pharmacy in the country. The attendance during the last year was 360. This college being especially designed for the education of drug- gists, the requirements for entrance are such as will admit the great, majority of drug clerks, apprentices and persons preparing for the drug business. Thus a good common public school education is sufficient ; but no person under eighteen years of age will be admitted. Faculty Henry Wade Rogers, LL. D., president; Oscar Oldberg, Pharm. D , Dean, Professor of Pharmacy; John H. Long, Sc. D., Professor of Chemistry; Edson S. Bastin, GUIDE TO CHICAGO. A. M., F. R. M. S., Professor of Botany; Wm. E. Quine, M. D., Professor of Physiology, Therapeutics and Toxicology; William K. Higley, Ph. C., Professor of Microscopy; E. B. Stuart, Ph. G., Professor of Materia Medica and Pharmacognosy ; M. A. Miner, Ph. C., Assistant, to the Chair of Phar- macy; Mark Powers, -Sc. B., Assistant to the Chair of Chemistry; Harry Kohn, Ph. M., Assistant to Chair of Pharmacy, and Instructor in Chemical Laboratory. COLLEGE OP DENTAL AND OVAL SURGERY. The college of dental and oval surgery is one of the most recently established departments of the University. The faculty numbers thirty-three professors and instructors. The requirements for admission are the same as those of the Chicago Medical College. The course of study iq graded and comprises three consecutive annual courses of lectures and clinical teaching. A fourth year is provided for those who desire to continue their studies and take the M. D. degree. Faculty: Henry Wade Rogers, LL. D., president; E. D. Swain, D. D. 8., 65 Randolph street, Chicago, dean; G. V. Black, M.D..D. D. S., professor of dental pathology; Geo. H. Cushing, M. D., D. D. S., professor of principles and practice of dental surgery; John S. Marshall, M. D., professor of clinical oral surgery; Charles P. Pruyn, M. D., D. D. S. , professor of operative dent- istry; Isaac A. Freeman, D. D. S., professor of clinical operative dentistry; Thomas L. Gilmer, M. D., D. D. S., professor of oral surgery; Arthur B. Freeman, M. D., D. D. S., professor of human and comparative dental anat- omy; B. S. Palmer, B. S., D. D. S., professor of embryology and dental histology; W. B. Ames, D. D. S., professor of prothetic dentistry; Arthur E. Matteson, D. D. S., professor of orthodontia; E. L. Clifford, D. D. S., pro- fessor of dental materia medica and Therapeutics; G. W. Haskins, M. D., D. D. S., professor of metallurgy; G. W. Whiten'eld, M. D.. D. D. S., professor of crown and bridge work; D. M. Cattell, D. D. S. , professor of operative technics; H. P. Smith, D. D. S., instructor in prothetic technics. THE LAW SCHOOL. The Law School is located at 40 Dearborn street. The course of study covers two years. Students entering the junior class are expected to have at least a good common school education. A knowledge of Latin is desirable, but is not required. No discrimination on account of sex or color. Faculty Henry Wade Rogers, LL. D., president; Hon. Henry W. Blodgett, LL. D., dean; Hon. Henry Booth, LL. D., Hon. Harvey B. Hurd, Hon. Marshall D. Ewell, LL. D., M. D.; Hon. William W. Far- well, Hon. Nathan S. Davis, M. D., LL. D. NUMBER OF PROFESSORS AND STUDENTS, 1891. The faculty numbers 150 professors and instructors. The total number of students in attendance dur- ing the present year (1892) is between 2,250 and 2.300. NEW LIBRARY BUILDING. Orringtou Lunt, of Evanston, has donated $50,000 to the Northwestern Universiiy for the erection of a new library building. The trustees have already taken steps to carry out the design of the donor, and the work of construction will begin at an early date. The new .library will be located on the campus amid the other university buildings. The present library is in three rooms of an upper story of University Hall, and contains 30,000 volumes. It is quite crowded and inconvenient, and the need of more commodious quarters is greatly felt. Mr. Lunt has been a lib- eral friend of the university, and his latest donation will be enthusiastically welcomed by the students. The library of the Garrett Biblical Institute will also have a place in the new structure, and it is possible that room for a chapel may be provided. THE ENCYCLOPEDIA. 287 UNIVERSITY LIBRARIES. Each of the professional schools of the Univer- sity has its special library, supplementing the general library of the College of Liberal Arts. This general library numbers about 23,000 bound volumes, besides 8, 000 unbound pamphlets. It contains a large number of books for general reading and reference, and for use in the several departments of study. It is unusually complete in the departments of Greek and Latin literature. Every author is represented by the best editions from the earliest date. In the relited subjects of Archaeology, Criticism and History, the Library is correspondingly full, so that in the special field of Classical Philology it ranks with the best in America. In modern literature it is well supplied with standard works in German, French, Spanish and Italian. There is also a vdunble selection of books illustrating History, the Sciences and Pine Arts. There is a reading room in connection with the Library open morning and afternoon, supplied with a good collection of reviews and other periodicals. Every student is entitled to its privileges. St. Ignatius' College. Located at 413 West Twelfth St., adjoining the Jesuit church. Take West Twelfth st. car. The college was erected in 1869 for the higher education of the Catholic youth of Chicago and vicinity. It is conducted by Fathers of the Society of Jesus. A charter was granted the institution by the Legislature of the State of Illinois June 80, 1870, with power to confer the usual degrees in the various faculties of a university. Th- Board of Managers are: Rev. Edward A. Higgins, S. J., president; Rev. Edwin D. Kelly, S. J., vice-president; Rev. Eugene A. Magevney, S. J., sec- retary; Rev. John F. Pahls, S. J., treasurer; Rev. JamesM.Hayes^S. J., Chan- cellor. The Faculty is as follows: Rev. E. A. Higgins, S. J., president; Rev. Geo. A. Hoeffer, vice-president and prefect of studies; Rev. J. F. Pahls, S. J. , treasurer and professor of book-keeping; Rev. J. P. Hogan, S. J., professor of mental and moral philosophy; Rev. F. A. Moeller, S. J., professor of natural philosophy; Mr. M. I). Sullivan, S. J., professor of mathematics and chemistrv; Rev. F. X. Shulak, 8. J., professor of mineralogy and natural history; Mr. W. H. Fanning, S. J., professor of rhetoric; Mr. C.B. Moulinier, S. J., professor of poetry and elocution; Mr. T. C. McKeogh, 8. J., humani- ties and elocution; Mr. H. B. McMahon, S. J., first academic class; Mr. T. F. Conroy, S J. , second academic class and elocution; Rev. E. J. Hanhauser, ?. J., third academic class grade A; Mr. J. E. Stack, third academic class grade B; Rev. T. B. Chambers, S. J., preparatory class; Rev. E. A. Higgins, S. J., Mr. C. B. Moulinier, S. J., professors of French; Rev. F. A. Moeller, S. J., Rev. E. J. Hauhauser, S. J., professors of German; Rev. F. A. Moeller, S. J., professor of vocal music; Mr. T. C. McKeogh, S. J., Mr. H. B. McMahon, S. J., prefects of discipline. NORTH SIDE COLLEGIATE SCHOOL. Located at 616 La Salle ave., is con- ducted under the following instructors: Rev. P. J. Mulconroy,S. J., director first academic class ; Mr. J. B. Hemann, S. J., prefect of discipline, second academic class; Mr. E. M. Paillow. S. J., prefect of discipline, third aca- demic class; Mr. J. B. Hemann, professor of German and vocal music. The studies pursued in the college comprise the doctrines and evidences of the Catholic religion, logic, metaphysics, ethics, astronomy, natural philosophy, chemistry, mathematics, rhetoric, composition, elocution, history, geogia- phy, book-keeping, arithmetic, the Latin, Greek, English, German and French languages and literature. The college is intended for day scholars only. The collegiate year is divided into two terms, the first beginning on the first Monday of September, the second on the first Monday of February. 288 GUIDE TO CHICAGO. Students, however, are received at any time during the year. At the close of eich term the several-classes are subjected to a thorough examination in the branches studied during the previous half year. The Annual Commence- ment'is held on the last Wednesday in June, when degrees are conferred and premiums awarded. On completing the studies of the Collegiate Depart- ment, those who prove deserving of the distinction receive the degree of Bachelor of Arts. Subsequently, by devoting one year more to the study of philosophy, or two years to any of the learned professions, they may obtain the degree of Master of Arts, if the board of managers be satisfied with their^ proficiency and moral conduct. The Catholic students are carefully instructed in the doctrines and practices of their religion, and the most solic- itous attention is paid to the morals of all. Whilstupon the college premises, the pupils are constantly under the watchful care of one. or more of the Prefects or Professors. TERMS OF TUITION. As the Institution is not endowed, it is entirely dependent for its support on the fees paid for tuition. Tuition per session of ten months, for all classes, $40. Students of chemistry and natural phi- losophy, for the use of the apparatus, chemicals, etc., required for purposes of ilustration and experiment, pay $10 per session. Diploma for graduates inthe classical course, $10. The session is divided into quarters, which begin, respectively, about the 1st of September, the 15th of November, the 1st of February and the 15th of April. Payments must be made quarterly or seem-annually, in advance. No reduction is allowed for absence except in case of dismission or protracted illness. ST. XAVIER'S ACADEMY. Located at the corner of Wabash ave. and Twenty-ninth st. Conducted by the Sisters of Cbarity. First opened in 1846, and is consequently one of the oldest, as it isone of thebest educational, institutions of the city. Take State st. cable line. The building is a ia^ge and handsome edifice of brick with stone trimmings. Hot and cold baths are connected with the various departments, and the arrangement of thestructure generally is well adapted to the purposes for which it is dedicated . The dis- cipline of this academy is mild, yet conducted with such uniformity as to secure order and regularity, and the young ladies entrusted to the rare o f the sisters leave their charge cultivated intellectually, strengthened and fortified morally, aad with habits fixed, which secures them good physical aswell as mental health. SCHOLASTIC YEAR. The scholastic year is divided into two sessions of five months each, the first session commencing on the first of September; the second on the first of February. A vacation of about one week is allowed at Christmas, when pupils are permitted to visittheir parents if they desire it. If residents of the city, they are permitted t>* do so once a month generally the first Sunday of the month, unless deprived of this privilege for uon observ- ance of rules. Wednesday aiid Sunday are visiting days for parents, rela- tives or friends. The correspondence of the young ladies is, at all times, subject to the supervision of the Directress, hence private correspondence is not allowed. Pupils may enter at any lime during the year, their session always commencing with date of entrance; but can in no case leave just before the close of the year, without seriousdamage to theirstanding, besides forfeiting prizes. No undue influeuceis exercised over the religiousopinions of non-Catholic pupils; however, for the sake of the order, all are required to conform to the external discipline of the Institution. Monthly examinations are held and reports of deportment, scholarship, etc. , are forwarded to parents THE ENCYCLOPEDIA. ' 289 and guardians. At the annual distribution of premiums, those who have observed the rules and given evidence of polite and amiable deportment are crowned by the Most Reverend Archbishop. Graduating Medals are con- ferred on those only who take the full Academic Course, and ClassMedals are awarded for the highest average. Each pupil is required to write home every two weeks. Weekly instructions are given in politeness and all that consti- tutes lady-like deportment. There are two general examinations each year, after which any pupil who may be found duly qualified is promoted. The daily routine for boarders is as follows: 5:30 o'clock, rise; 6:30 o'clock, mass, followed by mornig prayers; 7 o'clock, breakfast, followed by recreation ; 8 o'clock, study; 9 o'clock, recitation in respective classrooms; 11:45 o'clock, dinner and recreation; 12:30 o'clock, study; 1 o'clock, mathematics; S o'clock, plain sewing, penmanship, etc.; 4 o'clock, luncheon and recreation; 4:30 o'clock, study lessons for next day; 5:45 o'clock, Rosary for Catholics; 6 o'clock, supper; 6:30 o'clock, recreation; 8 o'clock, night prayers, after which all retire to their respective dormitories for the night, and do not visit the rooms of others without special permission. TERMS. Terms for boarders per series of five months in advance. Board and tuition in English and music, $150; languages, each $10;- oil and water- color painting, $40; portrait painting, $50; crayon and pastel painting, $40; harp, $40; guitar, violin, banjo, mandolin, zither, each, $30; vocal lessonsand harmony, each, $30; washing, $5. For chemical and physical apparatus, etc., in senior classes, $3. There are no other extra charges. University of Chicago. The newest thing in the city is the new University of Chicago. The old institution of that name, after a struggle for existence for nearly thirty years, succumbed to financial difficulties in 1886, and sus- pended its educational work. So profound, however, was the conviction that Chicago was the ideal location for a great institution of learning, that efforts began to be made almost immediately looking to the establishment of a new university. It was soon found that John D. Rockefeller was interested in the project. In 1888 the Baptists of the United States organized the Ameri- can Baptist Educational Society, and elected Fred T. Gates its corresponding secretary. Mr. Gates soon became persuaded that the first great work for the new society to undertake was the establishment of a new university in Chicago. He and Mr. Rockefeller entered into correspondence, and to fbefr conferences with each other Chicago owes its university. In May, 1889, the Education Society resolved to undertake the raising of $1,000,000 to found a well equipped college in this city, and Mr. Rockefeller at once made a sub- scription of $600,000, conditioned on the subscription being increased to a full $1,000,000 within one year. T. W. Goodspeed was associated with Mr. Gates in the effort to raise the $400,000 required by this condition. Not only was this done within the time specified, but $150,000 more than was required was secured. Marshall Field gave a site of a block and a half valued at $125,000, but now worth much more than that sum. To this gift from Mr. Field there has since been added two and a half blocks, making the present site four blocks. The intersecting streets have been vacated by the city council so that the site consists of a solid block 802 by 1,261 feet, or nearly twenty-four acres. The location is an ideal one. The side lies between Ellis and Lexing- ton avenues, and Fifty-seventh street and Midway Plaisance. Washington Park lies four blocks west and Jackson Park seven blocks east. The site. 290 GUIDE TO CHICAGO. i'rouls south on the Plaisance which is itself a park connecting Washington and Jackson. These magnificent parks will be the pleasure grounds of the students, affording facilities for all kinds of outdoor games and exercises. Immediately after the organization of the board of trustees, Prof. Wm. Rainy Harper, of Yale University, was elected president of the university. It was the conviction of Dr. Harper that the institution should from the outset be in fact as well as iu name a true university. With this view Mr. Rocke- feller and Mr. Gates heartily agreed, and on the day of Dr. Harper's election to the presidency he read to the Board a new subscription from Mr. Rocke- feller for one million dollars. This great sum was given for the express pur- pose of making the new institution a true university. It required the estab- lishment of a great graduate department, the transferring of the Morgan Park Theological Seminary to the new site as the Divinity school of the university, and the establishment of a well equipped academy in the buildings of the seminary at Morgan Park. In the spring of 1891 the executors and trustees of the estate of Wm. B. Ogden, the first mayor of Chicago, designated seventy per cent, of the bequest under Mr. Ogden's will for benevolent purposes to the new univer- sity. In making the designation they expressed the hope that the university would receive above $500,000 from the estate. With this sum the trustees are to establish " The Ogden Scientific School of the University of Chicago," for advanced graduate scientific instruction. Although there is a contest over the will, the board is confident that the full amount indicated above will finally be realized from the estate for the scientific school. A NON-SECTARIAN INSTITUTION Although the University was con- ceived and founded by Baptists it has not been their purpose to make it a Baptist University. It is not to be managed or known as a sectarian institu- tion. It is to be a Christian institution, but in no sense a sectarian one. The people of Chicago of all religious views have contributed liberally to its funds. Seven of the trustees are well-known citizens not members of Baptist churches. A large number of the professors, several of them iu leading positions, heads of departments, are members of other denominations. The faculty represents the entire public. It was early determined by the trustees that the head professors should be selected from among the most eminent scholars and teachers in this country and Europe. In pursuance of this policy the following well-known educators have been selected as head professors and accepted their appointments: William Gardner Hale, of Cornell University, head professor in Latin ; Albion W. Small, President of Colby University, head professor in social science ; J. Laurence Laughlin, of Cornell University, head professor in political econ- omy; William I. Knapp, of Yale University, head professor in the romance languages and literature. TIIE COMPLETE FACULTY. Other head professors were being chosen when this volume went to press. The completed list promises to be a bril- liant one and to place the University at the outset in a leading place among American Universities. These heads of departments will be ably seconded by a large number of professors, associate and assistant professors, and other instructors. Among the professors who have already won distinction are the following : Harry Pratt Judson, of the University of Minnesota ; Clarence J. Her- rick, of the University of Cincinnati; Charles Chandler, of Denison Univer- sity; Ezikiel G. Robinson, latejaresident of Brown University. 1HE ENCYCLOPEDIA. 291 The director of physical culture will be A. A. Stagg, the most famous of Yale athletes. BUILDINGS OF THE UNIVERSITY. The trustees began early to consider the question of buildings. As it became more and more evident that one of the great universities of the world was being established, they determined to build intelligently and according to a preconceived plan. Henry Ives Cobb was made the architect and a group of buildings was planned covering the entire site and adapted to meet the needs of a great university. It was not expected that all the buildiugs could be erected at once, or soon. But it was believed that one fifth of the whole number might be built within five years, and that the others would follow as they should be required. The first two buildings were begun in November, 1891, and will be ready for occupancy on the opening of the university, October 1, 1892. The public buildings, university hall, recitation buildings, scientific laboratories, collections buildings, library, chapel, science hall, gymnasium, etc., are the central features of the plan. The dormitories, which, when completed, will accommodate more than two thousand students, are arranged in quadrangles on the four corners of the site. The nearest quadrangle in the view is that of the women, the university giving to women the same advantages as to men. The southwest quadrangle is that of the graduate stu- dents, and on the north are the two intended for undergraduates, and between these will rise the astronomical observatory. The recitation building is one hundred and sixty-eight feet long and eighty-five feet wide. It is arranged on a somewhat new plan. Each depart- ment of instruction has, instead of one room, a suite of from three to six rooms, in the central one of which is the departmental library or laboratory. It is believed that this building will prove to be a model recitation hall. It is estimated to cost $150,000, and is of course the one building that must be had before the university can begin the work of instruction. A dormitory is now being erected two hundred and seventy feet long, and other buildings will be put up before the opening of the World's Fair. The entire group of the university buildings will be of Blue Bedford stone. The street fronts will be handsome, but all buildings will open, not on the streets, but on the University campus, so that the grounds must be entered to gain entrance to the buildings. The University opens its doors to students and begins its work on Octo- ber 1, 1892. The attendance for the first year promises to be very large, as students have been reporting their names for two years. NEW DEPARTURE IN EDUCATION. The new institution marks a new departure in educational methods. 1. It continues in operation the year round. There will be four quar- ters of twelve weeks each, with a vacation of one week between the end of one quarter and the beginning of the nextT Each quarter is divided into two terms of six weeks each. 2. All courses of instruction are classified as majors and minors, the ni'ijor requiring from ten to twelve hours of classroom work each week, the miuor four to six hours. Each student takes, as a rule, one major and one minor study at a time. 3. Professors and students may take their vacations in any quarter, o? may take any two terms for their vacations, one in one part of the year and tke other in another part, or, if able, may work the entire year. A teacher who teaches three full years of forty-eight weeks each, will 292 GUIDE TO CHICAGO. be entitled to a full year's vacation on full pay. A student by working the year round may complete the full college course in three years. 4. A student may enter at the bcginning.of any quarter or any term. All students are admitted on examination, and may enter any stage of the course for which they are prepared. These arrangements are proving equally attractive to professors and stu- dents, and seem to promise great advantages to both. The university has in hand and in sight assets amounting to about $3,000,000, above two-thirds of which will be in the form of a permanent endowment fund, it is now appealing to the citizens of Chicago for $1,000,000 as a building fund. It is also confidently believed that the endowments will be so increased as to insure for Chicago one of the great universities of the world. University School. New building located at Dearborn avenue and Elm street, North Side. Take North State street or North Clark street cars. The building is three stories, 50 by 90 feet, of the Gothic order, and cost $100,000. The exterior is plain and simple, of terra cotta for the first course up to eight feet in height, above which the walls rise in brown stone. The ornamentation is in terra cotta and brown stone. The basement entrance opens to a large area, a shelter for bicycles. From thisopen the boys' manual training school, 20 by 65 feet, in which are turning lathes and all appliances for manual training confined to a complete course as applied to woodwork. Adjoining this are two bowling alleys of the regulation length, sixty -five feet. Near by is the swimming bath, chemical laboratory, with concrete floor, the special apparatus for ventilation, boilers, engine-rooms, etc. The first floor, from an arched entrance, shows the court room, embellished with classical emblems sculptured in stone. In this room each boy has a separate locker. Near by is the lavatory and the fire-proof light well. The main study, a room fifty feet square with fourteen foot ceiling, is so arranged that all pupils receive the light over the left shoulder as they bend over their books. The room is cheered by fire grates and heated by hot water. The room for advanced classes in the classics is adjoining. It is 17 by 35 feet and its walls are ornamented with busts of heroic characters, plates, etc. The reception room and office of the master is on this floor. The second floor is arranged as a wheel, with an office in the ctnter and halls radiating to the various recitation rooms, which are 16 by 20 feet to accommodate each fifteen boys. These rooms are decorated on walls aud corners with emblems of the particular study pursued. The thiid floor has a large gymnasium, fitted up by Dr. Sargent, of Harvard. The dressing and bath rooms are on the same floor. The room for free-hand and mechanical drawing adjoins it. There is a running track, elevated eleven fett from the floor r which encircles this large room. In this room, which can be readily closed, the boys are put through the manual of arms in military drill. The kitchen, luncheon-room and visitors' gallery are on a level with this broad running track. The University School prepares boys for colleges, universities or scien- tific schools. E. C. Coulter, the master, a graduate of Felix Academy, of Andover and of Princeton College, taught in Kew England five years. This school is three years old. It is undenominational, owned and controlled by an association of Chicago's leading men. The school trustees are Cyrus H. McCormick, F. B. Peabody, General George W. Smith, John P. Wilson, W. D. Kerfoot, Abram Poole E. C. Coulter. Among the stockholders are W. I I ~* Q, & p s c i-j a " O O 2. g c n < - El x p THE ENCYCLOPEDIA. 203 M. Hoyt, H. H. Porter, Potter Palmer, Henry Field, George Sturges, E. B. McCagg, William H. Bradley, L. Z. Leiter, George M. Pullman, John John- son, Jr., J. W. Farlin, L. Schmidt, E 8. Dreyer, E. F. Lawrence, C. B. King. A. R. Smith, J. G, Coleman, L. W. Bodeman, James H. Walker, E. R. Ryerson and F. H. Winston. Western Theological Seminary. Located at 1113 Washington blvd.; take West Madison street cable line to California avenue ; founded by the late Dr. Tolman Wheeler, of Chicago, as an Episcopal Theological Seminary. Dr. Wheeler built and equipped two buildings and partially endowed the institution. There is also ground room for additional structures, and accom- modations could be provided for one hundred students. The buildings are situated on Washington boulevard, the principal avenue of the West Side, about four miles from the lake and in the vicinity of Garneld Park. The main building contains the Chapel, Refectory, Library, Lecture Rooms and apartments for resident instructors. A second building contains accommo- dations for about thirty students. Both buildings are heated by steam, and are furnished with the best modern equipments for their respective purposes. The aim of this Seminary is, in the words of the charter, " the education of fit persons in the Catholic Faith, in its purity and integrity, as taught in the Holy Scriptures, held by the Primitive Church, summed up in the Creeds, and affirmed by the undisputed General Councils." While, therefore, its principal work is the preparation of Candidates for Holy Orders, neverthe- less, any fit persons, clergymen or laymen, and whether looking forward to the sacred ministry or not, are received as students or admitted to attendance upon the lecture courses of the Seminary under proper conditions. It is intended to afford every opportunity and assistance to theological students in preparing themselves for the examinations required by the canons of the Church for admission to Holy Orders, and in fitting themselves for the priestly life and work. The board of Trustees is composed as follows : The Bishop of Chicago, president ; the Bishop of Quincy, the Bishop of Springfield, the Bishop of Indiana, the Rev. Clinton'Locke, D. D.; the Rev. F. W. Taylor, D. D. and Mr. D. B. Lymau, the Rev. J. H. Knowles, the Rev. Richard F. Sweet, Mr. Corning S. Judd, Mr. Edwin H. Sheldon; Mr. Charles R. Larrabee, treasurer. FACULTY. The Board of Instruction is as follows: The Rt. Rev. Will- iam E. McLaren, D. D., D. C. L., Dean, Dogmatic Theology; The Rt. Rev. George F. Seymour, D. D..LL. D., Ecclesiastical History; The Rev. William J. Gold, S. T. D., Liturgies and Exegesis; The Rev. Francis J. Hall, M. A., Theology; The Rev. F. P. Davenport, S. T. D., Canon Law. Rev. J. J. Elmendorf, D. D., Moral Theology, and Apologetics; Rev. J. G. H. Barry, Hebrew and Old Testament Exegesis. COURSE OF STUDY. The course of study, as at present arranged, provides for a period of five years. The curriculum is homogeneous throughout; nevertheless, for the last three years it comprehends the usual studies of the Candidate for Holy Orders. The following is a scheme of ihe five years' course: First year Latin, Physics, English Literature, Greek, History, Rudi- ments of Theology. Second year Latin, Greek, Readings from the Gospels and Early Christian Authors, Logic, Psychology, History, Rudiments of Theology. Third year Theology, Church History, Liturgies, New Testa ment Exegesis, Readings from the Fathers, Hebrew, Canon Law. Fourth" year Theology, Church History, Liturgies, New Testament Exegesis, Hebrew, Ecclesiastical Polity and Law. Fifth year Theology, Church His- tory, Liturgies, Old Testament Exegesis, Ecclesiastical Polity and Law. 294 GUIDE TO CHirAGO. Practice in the Compaction and Deliveiy of Sermons takes place once a week. Particular attention is paid to this subject. In speaking, the use of a manuscript is not ordinarily permitted. Special instructions are given in Elocution. The Seminary opens September 29th, the Festival of St. Michael and All Angels, and closes about the 1st of June. There is a recess of two weeks at Christmas, and also from Thursday in Holy Week until Easter Tuesday. Students residing in the buildings are subject to a charge of $200 per year. This includes board, room, fuel and lights. Washing is done at the Seminary at cost. The charge to students not living in the Seminary is as may be agreed upon. Letters to the Dean should be addressed to him at 64 Astor street, Chicago. Letters addressed to instructors and students resident in the Seminary should be addressed to 1113 Washington Boulevard, Chicago. EDUCATIONAL INSTITUTIONS MEDICAL. The Medical Collegtsof the city are as follows: AMERICAN COLLEGE OF DENTAL SURGERY, 78-S2 S ate St.; BENNETT MEDICAL COLLEGE, Ada and Fulton sts. ; CHICAGO COLLEGE OP DENTAL SURGERY, Madison st. and Wabash ave. ; CHICAGO COLLEGE OP PHARMACY, 465 Stalest.; CHICAGO HOMEOPATHIC MEDICAL COLLEGE, Wood and York sts. ; CHICAGO MEDICAL COLLEGE, Depart- ment of N. W. University, Prairie ave. and Twenty-sixth st.; CHICAGO POLI- CLINIC, Chicago ave.; CHICAGO VETERINARY COLLEGE, 2537 State st.; COL- LEGE OF PHYSICIANS AND SURGEONS OP CHICAGO, W. Harrison, cor. Honore st.; GERMAN AMERICAN DENTAL COLLEGE, 167 and 169 N. Clark st.; HAHNE- MANN MEDICAL COLLEGE, 2811 Cottage Grove ave.; ILLINOIS COLLEGE OF PHARMACY, Department of N. W. University, 40 Dearborn st.; ILLINOIS TRAINING SCHOOL FOR NURSES, Honore st., near W. Harrison ; NORTH- WESTERN COLLEGE of DENTAL SURGERY, 1203 Wabash ave; RUSH MEDICAL COLLEGE, W. Harrison st., cor. Wood- ST. LUKE'S HOSPITAL TRAINING SCHOOL FOR NURSES, 1420 to 1434 Wabash ave.; UNIVERSITY DENTAL COLLEGE, Department of N. W. University, Twenty-sixth st., cor. Prairie ave.; WOMAN'S HOSPITAL TRAINING SCHOOL FOR NURSFB, Thirty-second st., n. w. cor. Prairie ave.; WOMAN'S MEDICAL COLLEGE, 335 to 339 S. Lincoln st. National Homeopathic College. Organized in 1892 by a number of physi- cians interested in the new German-American Homeopathic College. The latter has existed only in name. It was founded by Dr. J. Malok, who was the treasurer. Some dispute having arisen it was determined to found a new college, and the faculty of the German-American became members of the faculty of the new institution. Officers: Dr. L.D. Rogers, president; Dr. J. A. Smith, secretary; Dr. W. O. Cheeseman, registrar; Dr. J. A. Printy, dean of the faculty. The faculty of the German-American has been increased by sev- eral important additions. Among them are Dr. Julia Holmes Smith, who is professor of gynaecology; Dr. H. C. Allen, a medical writer of distinction, professor of materia medica; Dr. J. B. S. King, lecturer on chemistry at Hahnemann College; Dr. W. D. Gentry; Dr. H. P. Skiles, professor of orificial surgery, and Dr. Henry Sherry, professor of orthopaedic surgery. THE ENCYCLOPEDIA. 295 EDUCATIONAL INSTITUTIONS TRAINING SCHOOLS. Polytechnic education has within the past ten years received the atten- tion of Chicago people interested in the training of the youth of both sexes. Various training schools have been established here during that time. The Public Manual Training School is treated under the head of "Public Education." [See also " Chicago Manual Training School," under head of "Educational Institutions."] Training schools of another character, how- ever, are referred to below. American Brewing Academy. First course opened September 1, 1891, eighteen pupils attending. Second course opened February 1, 1892, with twenty-eight pupils from all parts of the United States. The academy is equipped with a full brewing outfit, including all the different apparatus for the production of beer. Connected with the academy is the scientific station for brewers, where analyses of brewers' materials and products are made and where information is given on brewing. Directors of both the American Brewing Academy and the Scientific Station for brewing are Dr. Robert Wahl and Dr. Max Henius. Armour Mission Training School. This institution will probably be in readiness for the reception of pupils early in the present year. It i con- nected with the Armour Mission, Armour ave. and Thirty -third St., and all expenses connected with it are generously defrayed by Mr. P. D. Armour. [See "Armour Mission," under head of " Charities."] Baptist Missionary Training School. Located at 2411 Indiana ave. Take Wabash avenue cable line. The first school established in this country devoted to the training of young women for missionary work is the one located in Chicago, conducted by the Women's Baptist Home Mission Society. The society itself is exceptional in being the first organization of the kind composed wholly of women, and was the result of a pressing demand from all parts of the country for missionary work, which only women could do, among women and children. Thirteen years ago so urgently was this need set forth by Miss Joanna P. Moore, who had been a nurse during the war, and remained in New Orleans on her own responsibility to work among the colored people; also by Mrs. C. R. Blackall, who had spent some time in the Indian Territory, and who declared that the need there was epitomized by an Indian woman, who said to her, " We want to live like Christian women, but we don't know how;" and others, who saw in different parts of the coun- try the necessity of work among the women and children of the foreigners, who were then, as now, pouring into this country at the rate of seven and eight hundred thousand per annum, that the ladies of the several Baptist churches in the city decided to organize a society for this work. The repre- sentatives of the different churches throughout the country, excepting those from Boston, were in favor of making Chicago the headquarters of the organization, not only because it had its inception here, but because of the central location. The New England women, however, decided to organize a separate society. The society organized here now has between thirty and forty thousand regular members, and was last year in receipt, from all sources, of between $60,000 and $70,000. 2DG GUIDE TO CHICAGO. The most stubborn difficult}' which the society found they had to over- come was that of getting competent workers. It was Mrs. Croiise, wife of Dr. J. N. Grouse, who has been the president of the society from ^organiza- tion until the present time, who first proposed to eliminate this difficulty by establishing a school where workers could be educated for the kind of work to be done. In 1881 the school, which is now located at 2411 Indiana ave.. was established. Here each person to be sent forth not only to teach Christ and him crucified, but also to instruct ignorant women how to make a com- fortable home for their husbands and children, and to set the feet of the little ones in right paths, is taught all that she should know to accomplish both missions successfully. The pupils are each of them instructed in the prin- ciples of frugal living and in the preparation of simple, wholesome food, as well as in physical culture, that they may be able to use their bodies to the best possible advantage, and elocution that they may convey the instruction they have to give in the most effective manner. Not only the expounding of the Scriptures in a bright and forceful way, but also caring for the sick and what to do in case of emergency, are taught eminent divines and skillful physicians and nurses. These missionaries, being prepared to minister to body, mind and soul, are instructed in kindergarten methods, and also in the cutting of garments ana the conduct of industrial schools. All this equipment is made doubly thorough by being put in constant practice. Mrs. C. D. Morris, the preceptress of the school, arranges the prac- tice work of each student by dividing that portion of the poverty and vice- stricken part of Chicago lying a few blocks south of Van Buren street and east of State street, into districts, which, under her direction, are visited each week by her pupils. Two of them go together, and with their Bible in their hand, visit each habitation in the district assigned them. With those whom they know they chat of the various interests that enter into their poor lives, giving advice and, if needed, help. If the family is being visited for the first time, inquiry is made in regard to the children, and, if possible, it is arranged to have them attend the industrial school which meets every Saturday morning at the Pacific Mission . Missionaries trained at the school here are sent to New York, to Castle Garden, to receive and assist those newly come to our shores, as well as to do other needed work. Indeed, they are sent from this school by the society to all parts of the United States, save New England. Not only are regular missionary workers educated in the school, but many clergymen's wives, Sabbath-school teachers and others take a part of the course . Arrangements are being made to enlarge the buildings owned by the society during the coming years, as those desiring to enter the school are much in excess of the present accommodations. Miss M. G. Burdette, sister of the well-knpwn humorist, has been the efficient secretary of both the mission society and school from their beginning, and has done much toward upbuilding both. Illinois Training School for Nurses. Located at 304 Honore St., West Side. President, Mrs. C. B. Lawrence ; treasurer, Mrs. Henry L. Frank. Founded in 1880. Take Ogden ave. or West Van Buren st. line. The name of the institution sufficiently indicates its purpose. It is in a most prosperous condition. Among recent bequests was one of $50,000 from the late John Crerar. From the last report of the presidf nt it appears that during 1890 the school received a legacy of $20,000 from Miss Phoebe L. Smith. The report adds: " Thisenabled us to pay the mortgage of $12,000 on the Nurses' Home, and also to finish and furnish the fourth floor of the same. In June our home THE ENCYCLOPEDIA. 29? was finished and completely furnished, and with the much desired addition of an elevator. Ten years ago we began with a small and inconvenient house, which we rented. We had two wards in Cook County Hospital, a superin- tendent and eight pupil-nurses . To day we own , free frrm debt, the Nurses' Home ana furniture, which have cost not less than $70,000. We have charge of twelve wards in Cook County Hospital and all the nursing in the Presbyterian Hospital, with a superintendent, two assistant superintendents, one night superintendent, 100 pupil-nurses, and twelve probationers; twenty-ninenurses graduated in June. There have been, during the year, 291 applications to enter the ^school; 106 were received on probation, and sixty of this number were retained as pupil-nurses. Seven nurses have been discharged for cause and two honorably discharged. Five have left the school on account of ill health. There are ninety-eight registered graduates, and there have been 1,012 calls for private nurses; 774 were supplied by the directory and 149 by the school. Our nurses have cared for nearly 8,000 patients in Cook County Hospital, and 1,351 in the Presbyterian Hospital. Jewish Training School. Located on Judd street, No. 91, between Clinton and Jefferson streets, West Side. Take Clinton street or West Twelfth street cur. Formally dedicated October 19, 1890. Officers and directors Henry L. Frank, president; Mrs. Joseph Spiegel, vice-president; Leo Fox, treasurer; Rabbi Joseph Stolz, recording secretary; Herman Hefter, financial secretary; Henry Greenebaum, Dr. E. G. Hirsch, H. A. Cohn, Charles H. Schwab, Julius Rosenthal, Mrs. M. Loeb, Mrs. B. Lowenthal, Mrs. E. Mandel, Mrs. Levy Mayer; Mrs. M. Rosenbautn, Mrs. J. Spiegel, directors. School committee: Dr. E. G. Hirsch, chairman; Joseph Stolz, Levy A. Eliel, Mrs. J. Wedeles, Mrs. J. Spiegel, Mrs. B. Lowenthal, Mrs. Levy Mayer, Mrs. M. Loeb, Mrs. E. Mandel, Mrs. M. Rosenbaum, Mrs. L. Schram, and Mr. G. Bamberger, super- intendent. There are over fifteen thousand Jewish refugees in Chicago, and especially for the children of those unfortunate people was the Training School built. Ever since they began to arrive here their brethren have done all they could to assist them to gain a livelihood and become good citizens. The enter- prise was started in 1872, when a training class was organized in the Sinai temple. It was successful, and in 1887 the Jewish Training School was incor- porated under the laws of the State. After the same year a scheme was set on foot to raise $12,000 for the purpose of erecting a suitable building. The next year Mr. Leon Mandel, of New York, a member of the firm of Mandel bios., of this city, gave the committee $20,000. This, together with an endowment fund raised from life-memberships and the legacy of Max. A. Meyer, assured the financial success of the project. The school now has over five hundred members and thirty life members. The building is tasteful though not pretentious. It is a three-story brick structure, with pediment and trimmings of brown stone. In the basement are a machine shop, carpenter shop, modeling room, plaster work room, wash and bath rooms. Through tljo center of the building runs a broad hall, leading from which are three rooms to the kindergarten. In the rear are three class rooms and the superin- tendent's office. On the second floor are four class rooms, two of which are so arranged that the whole may be thrown together, forming an assembly room. This large hall is also used for gymnastic exercises and music. The third floor is occupied by a laboratory, teachers' rooms and additional class rooms. The building cost over $60,000. There have been annexed two cot- tages, one east and one west of the school-house, which have been arranged 298 GUIDE TO CHICAGO. for the sewing department (cast) and the Sloyd department (west). The school has a physician, who is teacher and physician at the same time, and he has tc see to the proper physical education of the pupils and to everything thai comes under hygiene. The doctor's office is in the cottage west of the school. Twenty -two teachers are employed. The aim of this school is to Americanize its pupils by means of a very liberal education. Manual training is intro- duced in all classes, from the Kindergarten to the highest Grammar depart- ment. Proper workshops are connected with the class rooms in all depart- ments. Harmonious development is the watchword. The school is non-sec- tarian ; every poor child is welcome and admitted. Tuesday is official visiting day. The school hours are from 9 to 12 and from 1 to 3 o'clock. The Kin- dergarten has but one session, from 9 to 12. There is also a night school con- nected with the day school, for those above the school age. This night school has two departments, male and female; theaverage attendance of both is three hundred pupils. They are taught four times a week, from 7:30 to 9:30 p. M., by eight teachers. The study of the English language is the main object. Each department is graded in four classes. In the lowest class are such who begin with the a b c of the English language, while in the highest classes are such who can read, write and understand the language sufficiently to take a course of bookkeeping, commercial correspondence and arithmetic. They receive iu all classes instruction in American history and geography. The female department receives also instruction in needle work, from the plainest stitch in sewing to cutting and fitting of a waist, and machine sewing. Training Rclioolsfor Boys and Girls. There are several charitable train- ing schools for boys in Chicago and vicinit}'. The Illinois School of Agriculture and Manual Training School for Boys, formerly known as The Illinois Industrial School for Boys, was dedicated during 1890 at Glenwood. Take the Eastern Illinois railroad, Dearborn station, foot of Dearborn st. This school was moved from Norwood Park to a beautiful farm near the suburb named above. The farm, which was the gift of Mr. Milton George, consists of 300 acres, and is about a mile west of Glenwood station. It is a beautiful body of land, with a rolling surface dotted with an occasional cluster of trees. A sparkling stream of clear fresh water cuts through the center of the farm. This school derives a small revenue from the county. According to its contract with the county it can only receive pay for 110 boys, no matter how many more than this number rrtay be actually committed to the institution within a year. The amount allowed is $8 per month per boy, and only partially provides for maintenance and tuition. The. deficiency is made up by the charitable people belonging to the associa- tion. This institution was chartered in February, 1887, and since the opening of the school about 500 dependent bovs have been placed iu its care by order of the court. These boys have been trained for lives of usefulness and industry, and in many cases have been furnished with comfortable homes iu the coun- try. Starting three years ago with a debt of $6,000, the school now ovvus property to the value of $150,000, and is doing a work in reclaiming unfortu- nate boys that can not be overestimated. The president or. the institution is Mr. Franklin H. Head; vice-president, Milton George; treasurer, John T. Churnasero ; secretary and general agent, Oscar L. Dudley ; superintendent of the school, Mrs. U. L. Harrison. City office, Room 27, 113 Adams st. Mrs. Ursula L. Harrison, the superintendent of the school, says she has found the children sent her to be like marble in the rough, requiring only to THE ENCYCLOPEDIA. 299 be chiseled with patience and polished with love to fashion many pure and lovely characters" that may become bright and shining lights in tile world. The hardest task is to inspire confidence in the child and inculcate in him the idea of self-support and independence. The boys are frequently received in the home in a state of abject misery. If reclaimed at an early age there is enough physical and mental vitality remaining in which morals may be planted and take root and grow. It is hard for them to submit to discipline and to grasp the ideas of moral training, but patience and kindness have brought many an unruly boy to a halt before he plunged over the precipice from which so few ever return. The training school act, as it stands, reaches a class of boys more deserv- ing than any other of being rescued from the depths of indigence and of being placed in institutions best equipped to safely guide them in the path of integrity and self-reliance. As a rule, the boys entitled to claim assistance under this act have committed no serious misdemeanor against the laws. Their greatest misfortune arises from the fact that they are deprived of proper guardianship, and, consequently, left to the charity of a world that knows little of and cares still less for the wants of the half-clad, homeless boy. If left to themselves these lads must either starve or live by their wits, and to live by their wits means that they will ultimately join the ranks of the criminal class, to become a menace to the welfare of the State. St. Mary's Training School for Boys is a Catholic institution, in charge of the Christian Brothers, under the direction of the Archbishop of Chicago, in whose honor the little village of Feehanvile has been named. In 1890 the average number of boys at the school was 300, of whom 195 were sent by the county. The system of training these boys may be briefly stated : The lads are kept busy at work, play or study, and appropriate rewards are bestowed on those whose good conduct and efficiency in tasks deserve recognition. That such a system should have beneficial results is obvious. The contrast presented by the inmates of this school, boys well trained in head, in hand and in heart, and those more unfortunate youths so pitilessly plunged in penal institutions may easily be imagined . As the kind superin- tendent of St. Mary's observes, The word " pitilessly" is very applicable in this connection. A number of these boys drift into the house of correction by reason of circumstances beyond their control, and, be it said to their credit, many of them would prefer to lead an upright life, but being destitute of friends and the advantages of an education, the dreary career of the crimi- nal is the only alternative left to them. St. Mary's Training School was established to help save these unfortunate waifs, and ever since its inception the school has been taxed to its utmost resources. As it depends almost entirely upon voluntary contributions for its support, financial or other assist- 1 anceis always gratefully welcomed, and contributors may be certain that all donations will lie judiciously applied. The school department consists of five well-graded classes, in which every effort is made to give the boys a practical elementary education. This is supplemented by a graded course of manual training in the various branches of industry taught in the institution. The printing, shoemakiiig, tailoring, baking, carpentering and black&mithing trades are taught, and the pupils are also made familiar with the outdoor work of the farm, including the dairy, gardens and cattle yards. The farm, by the way, is a most interesting and important adjunct of Feehanville. It consists of 440 acres of cultivated ground, pasture and timber land. None of the produce is sold, so that the boys are quick to realize that the fruits of their labors will later greet them on the well-supplied tables, 300 GUIDE TO CHICAGO. The majority of bo\s ivreived at St. Mary's have already reached the age of twelve and upward, but their previous schooling has been so brief that in most cases the child's primer is their first introduction to educational knowl- edge. With the development of their intellectual faculties their physical powers must be strengthened, and these results are best attained by the alter- nate half-day's schooling and exercise ic manual labor which, together with a wholesome diet and a proper attention to the laws of hygiene, soon bring color to the cheeks and lend vigor to the frame. It is surprising what apti- tude the pupils manifest both in the school-room and the work-shops, and before leaving the institution the boys become so expert in the trades learned that they have no trouble to obtain situations and thus earn an honest living, which is the great object of the school. In addition to these schools for boys there are the Chicago Industrial School for girls at Indiana avenue and Forty-ninth street, a branch of St. Mary's Training School, and the Girls' Industrial School at South Evanston, of which Mrs. M. R. M. Wallace is president. Both these institutions receive $10 a month per capita from the county for all inmates legally committed, and in addition, the county is compelled to clothe every girl received. The act under which these schools were incorporated is a trifle more liberal in its workings than the training school act, but still it is largely due to the noble efforts of the ladies and sisters in these excellent institutions that they have been able to carry on the grand work undertaken. The Industrial School at South Evanston may be reached either by the Chicago & North- Western or the Chicago, Milwaukee & St. Paul railroad. Trains run frequently through the day. The Hyde Park Auxiliary Society of the Illinois Industrial School for Girls has in contemplation the erection of a cottage to be known by the name of the society, and iu which it will support a small number ot young girls. The present quarters of the school at South Evanston are not considered suitable and the board of lady managers is taking steps to dispose of it. With the proceeds and additional aid from the State suitable buildings will be erected on a forty-acre tract owned by the board at Park Ridge. It is on this tract the Hyde Park Auxiliary Society intends erecting a cottage. EXPRESS COMPANIES. European visitors will do well to acquaint themselves with the methods of the great express companies of thi$ country. The system of forwarding parcels, goods, orders, money, and of making collections and performing commissions in vogue in the United States, is unknown abroad. Wells, Fargo & Oo.'s Express. Organized in 1852, and incorporated in 1866; they transact a general express and banking business, and the under- takings of Wells, Fargo & Go's Express are classified as follows, viz: It carries and delivers money, valuable parcels, packages, merchandise, letters, etc. Collects bills, drafts, notes, coupons, dividends and other papers. Fills commissions, records deeds, pays taxes for non-residents, serves legal papers, etc. Attends to orders for goods and household supplies, to be returned by express. Reclaims baggage, etc., at depots and hotels and redeems goods in pawn. Attends to passengers and baggage coming or going on foreign travel; and to transportation of goods in bond. Pays money by telegraph between all its principal agencies and with unequaled promptness; [Engraved for The Standard Guide Company.] THE SKANDINAVEN BUILDING, 183-187 N. PEORIA ST. [See " Newspapers."] THE ENCYCLOPEDIA. 301 payments made, when requested, at local addresses. Sells money orders at all its offices in the United States, which are remitted in letters and payable at over 10, 000 places; receipts for which are given and reclamation can be made for lost orders; insurance companies, co-operative associations, publishing houses, merchants, etc., find it to their interest to request the use of express money orders. In addition to the operations of the Banks of the Company at New York, San Frauciso, Salt Lake, Virginia and Carson, orders for Foreign and Domestic Exchange are taken at all its offices. Wells, Fargo & Co's Express is the only through line sanctioned by the United States Government for the immediate transportation of merchandise and passengers' baggage in bond between the Atlantic and Pacific; they have been constituted by the Government of the United States (under the law of June 10, 1880), a bonded line for the transportation of merchandize and pas- sengers' baggage without examination from New York and San Francisco, forming with their leased and tributary lines the only through express line from ocean to ocean, and reaching nearly every important point in the West, Northwest, Southwest and Mexico and Canada. Consignments from interior foreign points can be made to the Company through the nearest Seaport where it is represented by a resident agent or cor- respondent. This Company also undertakes to simplify and reduce the irksome formal- ities of foreign travel, inward and outward bound, and piloting travelers through the intricacies of transfer at New York and San Francisco. It is, also, an express forwarder to London, Paris, Hamburg, and all parts of Europe, South America, China and Japan, covering 27,592 miles of railroad lines, 2,950 miles of stage lines, 530 miles of inland steamers and 9,36ormiles of ocean steamers. t Location of Express Offices. The Express Companies doing business in Chicago, are: The Adams Express Company, 189 Dearborn St.; The Ameri- can Express Company, 72 Monroe st. ; Baldwin's European and Havanna Express, 187 Dearborn st. ; Baltimore & Ohio Express, 89-91 Washington st.; Northern Pacific Express Company, 81 Dearborn st ; Pacific Express Company, 89-91 Washington st.; United States Express Company, 89-91 Washington st. ; Wells, Fargo & Co.'s Express, 154 and 156 Dearborn st. The Adams, American and United States Express Companies have their own buildings, two of them the Adams and American boing magnificent struc- tures. The Baltimore & Ohio and the Pacific, have offices in the United States Express building, and conduct their business jointly with the latter company. The Adams Express Company's business is almost entirely East- ern, the Baltimore & Ohio is confined to the B. & O. system of railways; the Northern Pacific is confined to N. P. Transcontinental route; the United States, the Wells Fargo & Co., and the American cover all parts of the country. Brink's City Express. This is the largest local express company in the city, and their facilities for the prompt handling of all express and baggage has no equal. They. run to all suburban towns, also make regular trips to the World's Fair, have special wagons for making transfers of baggage on short notice fro 11 depots to depots. Their express wagons are the finest in the city; they also have one of the most commodious storage and warehouse in the city for the storing of merchandise and household goods. Brink's express may 302 GUIDE TO CHCAGO. be called by telephone 1754 from any part of the city. General office, 88 Washington street; storage and warehouse, 132-138 Monroe street. A. P. Brink, general manager; W. B. Wyne, superintendent. GREAT INDUSTRIES OF CHICAGO The great industries and great industrial centers of Chicago are among the attractions which we have to offer the visitor. Some of them are among the most remarkable in the world All of them are interesting. We have no London Tower, but we have the Union Stock Yards; we have no Versailles, but we have Pullman. And it is likely that the European visitor, who is tired of the gilded halls of royal palaces and the forbidden wallsof ancient prisons, will be refreshed by a visit to the scenes of modern activity which are pre- sented on every side here. The compiler is indebted to Mr. George D. Cope, foF much information regarding our iron interests, and to Mr. John Clay, Jr., for facts connected with operations at the Stock Yards. Every branch of productive industry is covered under this classification. The information of a statistical character will be enteitaining to all classes of readers, and pecu- liarly so to those who are interested in the application of mechanics. Not the least important matters treated of are the great agricultural works, the Union Stock Yards and Pullman. IRON ORE AND COAL SOURCES. The iron ore districts from which Chicago obtains her principal supplies lie in Michigan, Wisconsin and Minne- sota. The coke districts lie in Pennsylvania, West Virginia, Virginia and Kentucky. Coal suitable for steam raising and for use in heating and pud- dling is, however, obtained near at hand, being mined in both Indiana and Illinois. Petroleum is extensively used for fuel in Chicago iron and steel works. It is conveyed in pipes fromLima, Ohio, to the city. Thefollowing statement will show the distances over which these materials are transported to reach Chicago. The longest all-rail haul of Lake Superior iron ore to Chicago blast furnaces is from the Vermilion range mines in Minnesota. The distance is 690 miles. Only a limited quantity of ore has taken that route; but the practicability of winter haulage has been demonstrated. This dis- tance by lake and rail combined from the Minnesota mines to Chicago is about 1,020 miles, of which 70 miles comprises the rail haul to Two Har- bors, and the remaining distance covers the lake haul across Lake Superior, throughthe Sault Ste. Marie and the Straits of Mackinac.and up Lake Michi- gan to Chicago. The Gogebic mines, in northern Wisconsin and Michigan, whose shipping point to Chicago is Escanaba, on Lake Michigan, are 490 miles from Chicago by rail and lake, but by all rail they are much nearer, say 400 miles in round numbers. The mines of the Marquette range, in northern Michigan, whose main shipping poitfor Chicago is also Escanaba, are about 375 miles from Chicago by lake and rail, the rail haul to Escanaba running about 75 miles. The all rail route to Chicago would be about 400 miles, or the same distance as from the Gogebic mines. The Menominee range mines are situated nearer to Chicago than the mines of the other Lake Superior districts, being only about 300 miles by rail. By rail and lake, they are 375 miles from Chicago. Of this distance, 75 miles cover the rail haul THE ENCYCLOPEDIA. 303 from the mines to Escanaba, on Lake Michigan. All these figures seem for- midable, but lake freight rates are remarkably low for the distance covered, and the rail rates are also very reasonable on account of water competition, as well as competition between several lines of railroad traversing this sec- tion. Coming next to coke, another set of long-distance figiires is encoun- tered. Coke 13 hauled to Chicago entirely by rail. It is drawn from several sources of supply namely, the Connellsville and Reynoldsville regions in Pennsylvania and northern and southern districts of West Virginia. The shortest haul is from the Connellsville region, say 525 miles. The Reynolds- ville, or Rochester and Pittsburg, coke district is easily 625 miles from Chi- cago. The Northern coke region of West Virginia is about 535 miles, and the southern district 600 milos. The bituminous coal used by manufacturers is 'obtained to a slight extent from western Pennsylvania, to a greater extent from Ohio and Indiana, but principally from the coal fields of Illinois. When drawn from western Pennsylvania, it is hauled by rail at least 500 miles; when obtained from Ohio, it is transported from 300 to 375 miles, and from Indiana about 175 miles. The coal fields of Illinois are but 50 to 75 miles from i L-'hicago. Crude oil is now an important raw material to numerous Chicago manufacturers, who use it for fuel. The principal source of supply is the Lima district, iu Ohio, whence a pipe line 200 miles long runs to the southern part of the city. These figures are not given as absolute distances, but are approximately correct, inasmuch as the various districts tapped are them- selves of large extent. They serve to show, however, that the manufactur- ers of Chicago have had to conquer formidable disadvantages in establishing their various enterprises. How well they have succeeded is known to the world. Notwithstanding their remoteness from essential raw materials, they have had countervailing advantages which have enabled them to build up enormous plants, with possibilities of great future growth. The most influ- ential advantages in making Chicago a great manufacturing center have been and are its magnificent transportation facilities. WATER TRANSPORTATION Although Chicago is termed an inland city, because it is nearly a thousand miles from the ocean, it possesses vast marine interests through its location on Lake Michigan, one of the chain of great lakes stretching along our northern frontier. The magnitude of the lake traffic is shown by the statisticg collected by the government. (See Maritime Interests.) A limited means of water communication in a southern direction is enjoyed in the Illinois and Michigan canal, extending from Chicago to the Illinois river, navigable for light craft thence to the Mississippi river. The freight transported over this route in 1889 aggregated 917,047 tons. An am- bitious scheme in this direction, which has been undertaken by the city of Chicago, contemplates the construction of a grand water-way, not less than 160 feet wide and not less than eighteen feet deep from Lake Michigan to Lock- port, 111., for the improvement of low-v,*ater navigation of the Illinois and Mississippi rivers as well as to afford sanitary relief to Chicago. Itis expected that the United States government will co-operate in making the connecting rivers navigable for large vessels, so that the lake and the Mississippi river traffic may interchange. Another water-way, called the Hennepin canal, is projected across the upper part of the State of Illinois, also to connect with the Mississippi river. 304 GUIDE TO CHICAGO. RAILROAD TRANSPORTATION. The railroads, however, are the chief fac- tor in conducting the trade and commerce of Chicago. No other city in the world is so well supplied with railroad lines. Twenty-six independent roads run out of the city, diverging to all parts of the United States, Canada and Mexico. These railroads, with their branches and immediate connect'ons, have a total length of over half of the total mileage of the railroads of the country. A belt railroad encircling the city connects with all lines, enabling freight to be easily transferred from one to another without breaking bulk. The immense traffic of this character, however, hasso farout- gro wn the facilities afforded by the belt road referred to that two ot.heri ntercept- ing lines have sprunginto existence, one of which encirclesthe city at ^distance of twenty-five to forty miles from it. This line is known as the " Joliet Cut- Off." The third belt road, which is known as the Chicago and Calumef Terminal, traverses part of the intermediate territory, intersects a number of important railroads, and will ultimately connect with all lines. To still further facilitate the interchange of freight cars among the various railroad lines, a great union transfer yard is being constructed on the west side of the city. These railroads and their belt-line connections have established a mul- titude of junction points in the immediate vicinity of Chicago, possessing transportation facilities of the most complete character for industrial enter- prises. Raw materials originating on the route of any railroad are thus easily delivered to a factory on any other line by a short transfer, practically taking every Chicago railroad to the doors of every Chicago factory. Manufactur- ing product* are likewise distributed without difficulty over the region trav- ersed by every railroad line. These facilitieshavestimulated the growth of an unusually large number of manufacturing towns as suburbs of Chicago. Among such suburbs the town of Pullman ha become famous by reason of its having been built with a special view to providing workmen with comfort- able homes, pleasant surroundings, and everything necessary for their con- venience and social enjoyment. Calumet Iron and Steel Company. Works located at Cummings, near South Chicago, about twelve miles from the Court House. Take train at Van Buren Street depot, Van Buren and Sherman sts., or at Dearborn Sta- tion, Fourth ave. and Polk St., or at Union depot, Canal and Adams 6ts. The blast furnace is eighty feet high, with a 11% foot bosh ; it is equipped with one Massick & Crookes and three Siemens Cowper-Cochrane stoves, and two blowing engines. The rolling mill has thirty-eight puddling fur- naces, six scrap and six heating furnaces, and three trains of rolls 9, 14 and 22-inch. In the puddling department the waste heat is utilized from eight double furnaces to raise steam in eight upright Hazleton boilers, and the system is soon to be extended to twelve. A nail factory with 132 nail machines, and steel works with four 4-ton open-hearth furnaces are at pres- ent in disuse. These works have about five miles of railroad track with rolling stock for carrying raw materials ; also have a good slip, with facili- ties for loading and unloading vessels on the Calumet river, emptying into Lake Michigan. They employ, outside of the nail factory, about 1,200 men. The annual consumption of raw material ia 100,000 gross tons of ore and cinder; 65,000 net tons of coke; 23,000 net tons of limestone; 40,000 net tons of scrap iron; 26 000 net tons of pig iron; 37,000 net tons of muck and scrap bar; 80,000 net tons of coal; 10,000 net tons of sand; 50,000 barrels of fuel oil. They produce 51.000 gross tons of foundry and Bessemer pig iron; 45,000 net tons of muck and scrap bar: 50,000 net tons of merchant bar. [Engraved for The Standard Guide Company.] ENTRANCE TO THE CHICAGO OPERA HOUSE. [See " Amusements."] THE ENCYCLOPEDIA. 805 Columbia Steel Car Company. Organized for the purpose of building ateel railroad cars; shops located in the township of Maine, on a tract of 600 acres, recently purchased. It lies on both sides of the Desplaines river, between Desplaines and Park Ridge. The company manufactures railroad cars of all descriptions postal, baggage, passenger coaches and freight entirely out of steel, and is already doing a large business. Its postal cars have been running for over a year on different railroads. The offices of the company are at room 14, Rialto building. Grain Elevators. The visitor to Chicago will be surprised and interested by a visit to some of the great grain elevators of the city. [See Elevator Storage Capacity.] The greatest elevators in the world are to be found here, and they are more numerous than in any other city on earth. A few figures in relation to one of them will serve as a description for all. A grain eleva- tor of the first-class costs about $500,000; 12,000,000 feet of lumber is con- sumed in its construction; the outside brick wall is sixteen inches thick; a fire wall, two feet thick, usually divides the building in the middle; the height is about 155 feet; length, 155 feet; as a protection against fire iron ladders run this entire height and on all floors there are electric push buttons communicating with annunciators in engine room, and in the latter depart- ment there is also a fire pump with a capacity equaling that of four steam fire engines. Two hundred barrels of water, each accompanied by a couple of iron pails, are scattered about over different floors, and twenty -two chem- ical fire extinguishers are placed at convenient stations throughout the struct- ure; forty-five fire-plugs, to each of which is attached 1,000 feet of two and one-half inch rubber hose, together with fourteen fire alarm boxes, about complete the precautionary measures for combating the devouring element; the superintendent and chief engineer are located at opposite extremities of the bulky framework, the one in a separate brick office building, wjth an electric instrument within reach, by which he isenabled to converse with the heads of departments, and the other in a large two-story, fireproof brick building, where he takes pleasure in showing visitors a little bottle of river water after it has been transmogrified in passing through the granite filter. Once every week a fire drill is ordered, the lime of turning in an alarm for which is known only to the watchmen in charge. When the alarm is sounded every man takes his place, but no water is thrown. These drills demonstrate that the structure may be deluged with water in exactly seven seconds. It requires 100 employesto run a grain elevator; to move the ponderous machinery a 1,000 horse-power Compound Corliss engine is required, making fifty-six revolutions per minute without varying one revo- lution in a day's run. This is otic of the most elaborately finished pieces of mechanism in existence, and was constructed at a cost of $50,000. The diameter of the drive-wi.eel is twenty feet, and that of the shaft eighteen inches. Crank bins fourteen inches in diameter and fourteen-inch steel pins are provided, the momentumof which adds impetus to the work of the engine. The main bt.t is of rubber, 200 feet in length and 5 feet in width. It is the largest bit of ribaon ever manufactured from any material by any firm for any purpose, requiring special machinery in its construction. The chimney of Jhe elevator has a, 14-foot base and an altitude of 154 feet. The manner of handling the grain by these great warehouses is as fol- lows: Upon leaving the cars the grain falls through an iron grating into the hopper beneath the floor, and is immediately carried by the elevator buckets 306 GUIDE TO CHICAGO. up to the cupola, a distant of 155 feet. There it is discharged over the "heads" of the elevators into scale hoppers, twelve in number, each having a capacity of 2,000 bushels. The first, or receiving floor, is twenty feet in height. The sejcond is called the bin floor. There are 379 bins, or, since a portion of them are divided into three partitions, 428 receptacles in all, each 66 fret in depth, and made to hold from 1.700 to 6.500 bushels, the latter figures represent! no: the capacity of the 379 undivided cribs. Above this floo^r is the "spout," " turn-table," or " revolver " floor, as it is variously designated. Around each spout are grouped in a circle a dozen or more funnels. The spout revolves and readily connects with these funnels, and by having a number of these revolvers grain is distributed to any of the bins. Next is the scale floor, where twenty-eight large Fairbanks scales do the weighing, and then comes two shaft or machinery floors. Arriving at the scale floor we find the car loads of grain have been weighed and are being distributed by means of the revolvers into the different bins, according to the various grades. In a small office on the scale floor is a long blackboard lined off into squares and marked with the number of each bin. The grain is never moved without being first weighed, and this slate enables the weigher at a glance to tell what kind and how much grain he has on hand. When it is desired to ship grain it is drawn from the bins into a hopper on the ground floor, taken up shipping elevators, twelve in number, and dis- charged into garners above the shipping scales, sixteen in number, and weighed by draughts of 500 bushels at a time, which are equal to 28,000 pounds. It is now run into a shipping bin, whence it is conveyed to the hold of a vessel, for which purpose there dangle from the side of the building sixteen dock spouts. It shipment by rail is desired, a separate track for that purpose enters the warehouse, and the cars are loaded in much the same manner as are vessels, with this exception, that as the grain enters the car it is thrown, by means of an improved bifurcated car loader, in opposite direc- tions, so that both ends of the car are filled simultaneously. On the land side of the building is a long row of windows where wagons may be loaded. The " marine leg" is worth describing. It is a device ninety feet in length, vertical, consisting of an endless belt in a movable leg, to which belt is attached buckets capable of carrying eighteen pounds each. The elevator is carried on guides, and will lift sixty feet, taking grain from the hold of the largest propeller at the rate of 10,000 bushels an hour. With the marine leg, vessels holding 50,000 bushels are unloaded in five hours. Our elevatois are supplied throughout with every known improvement for successfully conducting this branch of business. "Facilities for handling hundreds of tons of grain by means of the elevators are complete. Either a single one or the entire twenty eight elevators may be run or thrown out of gear at the will of the operators, and the stuff may be tossed about from the bottom to the top of the gigantic building and back agaip, or from one end of it to the other and return, without the loss of scarcely a berry. On Sep- tember 23th last, the new propeller America, the greatest carrier on these waters, took her initial cargo, consisting of 95,000 bushels of corn, in ono hour and twenty-five minutes. Orant Loconwtirc \Vork*. Located at the corner of Sixteenth street and Robinson ave. Take train at Grand Central depot, Fifth avenue and Harri- son street, via the Chicago & Northern Pacific railroad. Capital, $800,000. Edward T. Jeffery, late general manager of the Illinois Central railroad, is president of the company, which has purchased the somewhat famous tract THE ENCYCLOPEDIA.. 307 if land known as " Section 21, 'Cicero." Sixty acres in this tract, at the north- west corner of Sixteenth street and Robinson avenue, have been reserved as a site for the locomotive works. The capacity of the works will be about 250 locomotives per annum, and the entire' plant will be completed within two years. Preliminary operations will begin this summer. The works will be the only locomotive manufacturing establishment west of -Dunkirk, N. Y. and Pittsburg, Pa. The section is bounded upon three sides by Oak Park, Austin, Moreland, Morton Park and La Vergne, while upon the remaining side, the east, lies Chicago. The works will be a little over six miles from the Court-house. The land itself is owned by the Grant Land Association, a corporation organized in connection wilh the locomotive works company, and the title is vested with David B. Lyman and Edward T. Jeffery, trustees. The Wisconsin Central railroad runs along the north side and the Chicago, Burlington & Quincy along the south side of the tract. Both roads will have depots at Forty-eighth street, and the company says that both will extend their tracks from the main line and enter the heart of the tract at Sixteenth street. The Twelfth street and Ogden avenue street car lice is completed to within a short distance of the purchase. One feature of this huge project deserves special notice. It is Ihe purpose of the gentlemen at the back of this addition to make it one of the great manufacturing points of the vicinity. To aid in the accomplishment of this result a tract of sixty acres has been set apart for manufacturing enterprises. Only first-class establishments will be permitted to locate there. The great locomotive works are sure to be a sort of attraction for other and smaller enterprises, and beyond question this addition will be, in a compar- atively short time, the rival of the leading manufacturing centers of the coun- try. The character of the men and the large capital at their command is a guaranty of this fact. The new addition is located upon section 21, which has formed the basis of some interesting recent litigation. It is about thirty feet above Lake Michigan. The natural drainage is as good as one could wish. To give the reader an adequate idea of the immensity of the locomotive works, it is only necessary to state the dimensions of the different buildings. These are as follows : Machine shop, 110 by 370 feet; erecting shop, 80 by 285 feet; blacksmith shop, 80by250feet: hammer shop, 80 by 125 feet; boiler shop, 100 by 250 feet; wood shop, 70 by 230 feet; paint shop, 70 by 170 feet; pattern shop, 60 by 130 feet; foundry, 80 by 260 feet ; core-room, 50 by 60 feet; cupola-room, 60 by 80 feet; boiler-room, 50 by 70 feet; dynamo-room, 50 by 60 feet; office building, 45 by 130 feet. The total square feet amount to 195,- 260. With a mammoth manufacturing concern like this as its foundation, where is the chance to question the future of the enterprise ? The importance of the Grant Locomotive Works will be thoroughly understood when the greatness of Chicago as a railway point is taken into consideration. Center- ing here and having their terminals in Chicago are 60,000 miles of railway. Tributary to these trunk lines acd connecting wilh them are 35,000 miles more. This will closely identify with this great city nearly one hundred thousand miles of railway, and this stiipendous mileage makes Chicago the greatest railway center in the world. The railway corporations having their terminals in Chicago own 12,000 locomotives. Great Western Locomotive Works. Recently incorporated by Alfred Skinner, Hugh R. Walker and Thomas A. Wigham. Mr. Walker is a prac- tical manufacturer, Mr. Skinner is a Board of Trade operator, and Mr. Wig- ham is an iron merchant. The financial backing of the enterprise is fur- nished by Chicago men. Copital stock, $1,000,000. It is to employ 2,OUOineu. 308 (il.'IDE TO CHICAGO. Illinois Steel Company. In Chicago and its immediate vicinity there are nineteen coke blast furnaces completed or in course of erection. Of these seventeen are owned by the Illinois Steel Company, one by the Calumet Iron and Steel Company, and one by the Iroquois Furnace Company. The fur- naces not completely finished comprise four which are being added to the South Chicago plant of the Illinois Steel Company, and one which is being built by the Iroquois Furnace Company, in the same locality. Engaged in the manufacture of steel, or rolling iron and steel into shapes of various forms, there are seventeen separate plants, of which four belong to the Illi- nois Steel Company. Included among these are five Bessemer Steel works, two Robert-Bessemer works, three open-hearth steol works, and one crucible works. The products of these steel works and rolling mills consist of steel rails, steel wire rods, merchant bar iron, steer tires, steel beams, splice bars, cut nails, railroad spikes, car axles, steel car wheels, horse shoes, special shapes for agricultural implements and steel castings. The most important iron and steel works are those of the Illinois Steel Company. The Illinois Steel Company is a corporation formed by the consolidation of the North Chicago Rolling Mill Company, the Joliet Steel Company, and the Union Steel Company. The consolidation was effected May 1, 1889, and brought under one control and management five plants as follows: North Chicago Works, South Chicago Works and Milwaukee Works, of the North Chicago Rolling Mill Company; Joliet Steel Company's Works, at Joliet; Union Steel Company's Works, at Chicago. Other property, such as coal lands and coke ovens, etc., belonging to the separate companies was also ir eluded, the -whole comprising a property which is capitalized at $50,000,000. The five plants of the company occupy over 500 acres of ground, and the coal lands consist of 4,500 acres, on which there are 1,150 coke ovens. The company own 1,500 cars used in the coke trade, and the internal transportation at thedifferent plants requires the use of SOOcars and forty-two locomotives of standard gauge, besides seventeen narrow gauge locomotives hauling special trucks. There are sixty miles of standard gauge and seven miles of narrow gauge railroad intheyards. The output of finished product for the year ending June 80, 1890, was as fol- lows: Riils. 5:39,603 gross tons; rods, 49,800 gross tons; bar iron and steel, 56,415 gross tons; billets, 29.295 gross tons; beams and channels, 5,161 gross tons; total, 680,274 gross tons. During four months of the year the largest rail mill of the company was undergoing reconstruction and did not contrib- ute to the above product. The blast furnaces (fourteen in blast) produced during the same period the following: Pig iron, 614,240 gross tons; spiegel, 32,777 gross tons; total, 647, 017 gross tons. The Bessemer works^fdur plants) with a total of nine vessels, of capacities from six to ten tons, produced: In- gots, 751, 833 gross tons. The product handled in and shipped from the vari- ous works was thus: Pig iron and spiegel, 647,017 gross tons, Bessemer ingots, 751.833 gross tons; rails, 539,603 gross tons; billets, 81,585 gross tons; rods, X 49, 800 gross tons; bar iron and steel, 56,415 gross tons; beams and channels, 5,161 gross tons; total, 2,131.414 gross tons. In the manufacture of this product there was used in round numbers the fallowing materials: Iron ore, 1,100,000 gross tons; coke, 700,000 cross tons; coal, 200, 000 gross tons; total, 2,000,000 gross tons. About 10,000 men are employed in the mills of the company, and the pay-rolls for the year ending June 30, 1890, amounted to about $6,000,000. THE ENCYCLOPEDIA. 309 It will be noticed that by far the greater part of the product of the Illi- nois Steel Company is in the form of rails, and in fact, until within a few years, it might be said that the only product of the several works now owned by the company took that form. All the works were originally built to make rails, and for many years the activity in that trade was such that no other product was thought of, but the increase in the demand for other forms of steel has x madc it necessary to diversify the product, and the company now makes bil- lets, rods and beams, as well as miscellaneous bar iron and steel. A very large open-hearth steel works and plate mill are under way, and a mill for rolling all classes of structural steel will be built in the near future. To pro- vide for the increased output and to make the company independent of out- side sources for their supply of pig iron, four new blast furnaces of the largest size have recently been builtand will shortly be blown in. When the additions and improvements now under way are completed, the plant of the company will comprise the following: 19 blast furnaces, 1 200,000 gross tons; 4 Bessemer works, 1,100,000 gross tons; 1 open-hearth works, 75,000 grosstons; 4 rail mills, 850,000 gross tons; 2 billet mills, 100,000 gross tons; 1 rod mill, 60,000 gross tons; 1 structural mill, 80,000 gross tons; 1 plate mill, 60,000 gross tons; 1 merchant mill, 75,000 gross tons; total annual capacity, 3, 600,000 gross tons. Three of the plants of the company are located within the corporate limits of the cily of Chicago the North Works, the South Works and the Union Works. One is at Milwaukee, Wis. .ninety miles north of Chicago, and one is at Joliet, 111., forty miles southwest of Chicago. All the works are connected by telegraph and telephone service with the central office in Chicago, and with each other. The following description of each of the plants is necessarily brief, and it will be understood that many details of pos- sible technical interest arc omitted. NOKTH CHICAGO WOKKS. Situated on the North branch of the Chicago river, in the northwestern part of the city. Take Chicago & North-Western train at Wells Street depot, Wells and Kinzie sts., to Clybourii Station, or Chicago, Mil waukee & St. Paul train at Union depot, to Works; or Cly bourn avenue street cars. This js the oldest of the plants of the company, having been started in 18")7 as a mill for re-rolling iron rails. The manufacture of iron has lono 1 bj'ja discontinued, and the product at present is steel rails, beams and slabs. The plant consists of two blast furnaces, 16 feet by 65 feet, oneof which is talking spiegel; a Bessemer plant, with two six ton vessels; a thirty-inch three-high blooming mill, and a twenty three inch three high mill, which is use'l for rolling rails and beams. The furnaces were built in 1869, and were originally equippe 1 witli pipe stoves, which, within two years, have bsen replaced by fire brick stoves of the Gordon and Massick & Crookes type Ore for these furnaces is brought by vessel and by rail from the Lake S iperior mines, and delivered close to the furnaces. The product is chiefly Bessemer iron, but a good deal of spiegfl is made from native and foreign ores. All the iron is run into pigs, as the Bessemer plant is not fitted to use direct metal. The Bessemer plant was built in 1872, on the designs of A. L Holley, and consists of two six ton vessels, five cupol is for re-melting pig iron, three spiegel cupolas, a ladle crane, and three ingot cranes, all arranged on the Holley, or American plan, two horizontal blowing engines, hydraulic pumps, etc. At the time of its construction this was the most com- pletely equipped Bi-isemer works in America, a.nd, for a plant of its relatively small size, has done remarkably good work. Yery few changes have been 310 GUIDE TO CHICAGO. made in the machinery and equipment, and it is now somewhat antiquated, but still capable of giving a good account of itself. Ingots (three-rail) are heated in coal furnaces, bloomed and cut to single rail lengths, as the mill arrange- ments will not permit the rolling of longer lengths. The blooms are re-heated in coal furnaces. The rail mill rolls the usual patterns of rails and beams up to fifteen inches depth. Pieces are handled at the rail train with hooks and toags in the old-fashioned way, and it may be noted that this is the only mill of the company where this is now done. Some historical interest attaches to these works from the fact that in the old rail mill the first steel rails made in America were rolled May 24, 1865, from blooms made at the experimental Bessemer Works, at Wyandotte, Mich. SOOTH CHICAGO WORKS. This is the largest of the company's works, and is situated on the shore of Lake Michigan, twelve miles south from the Court-house. Take Illinois Central train, foot of Randolph, Van Buren, Six- teenth or Twenty-second streets, for South Chicago. The facilities for receipt and shipment of material, both by vessel and rail, are excellent. The largest steamers plying on the lakes bring ore to the docks, and three railroad lines come into the yard, furnishing connection with the entire railroad system of Chicago, The site of this plant was in 1880 a sand beach, barely above the level of the lake. In that year the erection of four blast furnaces was begun, and in 1881 ground was broken for the Bessemer and rail mills. The plant now in operation consists of four furnaces, 21x75 feet; a Bessemer plant with three 10-ton vessels; a 40 inch 3-high blooming mill; a 27-inch 3-high rail train, and all facilities for handling a large output of rails, which at present is the only product. Four more blast furnaces, 21x85 feet, are ready to blow in; an open hearth steel plant and plate mill are under way, and a new harbor, 200 feet wide by 2,500 feet long, has been built for the accommodation of vessels bringing ore to the docks. The four blast furnaces now at work, and fur- nishing about 800 tons of metal per day, have 12 Whitewell stoves T eight blowing engines, and an excellent equipment in every respect The metal from them is used direct in the Bessemer works, to which it is conveyed in ladles upaninclined track. Orefor thesefurnacesis received almostentirelyby water, and vessels are unloaded into an ore-yard back of the furnaces cover- ing 300x1, 200 feet. The machinery for discharging vessels is exceptionally rapid in its operation, and vessels can be unloaded at the rate of 250 to 300 tons per hour. The Bessemer works began operation in June, 1882. There are three 10-ton vessels working to one casting pit, three ladle cranes, four ingot cranes, two horizontal blowing engines, pressure pumps, etc. Four spiegel cupolas and two iron cupolas for remelting pig, occupy separate houses on opposite sides of the converting building. The ladles with iron and spiegel pass in front of the vessels. A large building in the rear of the vessels is devoted to making bottoms, lining ladles, etc. The vessels are made with removable shells on Holley's plan, with a powerful hydraulic lift under each for handling the shells and changing bottoms. Anew blowing engine and boilers are being added to this plant, the intention being to insure a large out- put. The largest twenty-four hours' work of this plant to date has been 1,400 tons of ingots. The steel is cast into ingots sixteen inches square and making six rails each. The ingots are taken from the pit and conveyed in an upright position to the soaking pits (which are not Gjers' pits, but holes con- taining eight or ten ingots, tired with gas passing through regenerators), and after heating are taken to the blooming train. Here an ingot is reduced in nine passes to a bloom eight inches square, which iscut into two blooms, THE ENCYCLOPEDIA. 311 each making three rails. Ordinarity these blooms are rolled direct to rails, but a furnace is provided for reheating auy that are too cold to rott. The rail train is iu two parts (each driven by a separate engine), placed parallel to each other and 80 feet apart. The bloom after roughing (five passes) in the first train goes to the second in which it makes four passes and then returns to the first train, where it is finished to a rail in four passes. This train replaces a 26-inch 2 high reversing mill, put down in 1882, and the arrange- ment of the train in two parts was made necessary by the limitation of the size of the building in which the old train stood. The rail then passes to the saws and hotbed, and to a very complete finishing house where it is straightened, drilled, inspected and loaded on cars. The completion of the new furnaces, the open-hearth plant and the plate mill, will make these works the largest establishment in the country. In anticipation of this the company have erected a fine office building and a laboratory, which is the largest and best of its kind. Nearly all the ore for the supply of fifteen fur- naces is unloaded at the docks of this plant, and a large part of it sent by^ail to the Joliet and Union Works. To provide for this immense business, which must be done in seven months of the year, the new harbor and ore-handling machinery have been put in, and it is expected that shortly 5,000 tons of ore will be handled per day on the new dock. An interesting detail of this plant is the use of crude petroleum for firing boilers. The oil is delivered to the works by a pipe connecting with the main pipe from Lima, Ohio, 208 miles distant. MILWAUKEE WORKS. This plant is situated on the shore of Lake Michi- gan at Bay View, a suburb of Milwaukee, Wis., and occupies a very fine site, with ample room for extension. Take Chicago & North-Western train at Wells Street depot, Wells and Kiuzie streets, or Chicago, Milwaukee & St. Paul train at Union depot, Canal and Adams streets. This is the only works of the Illinois Steel Company where manufactured iron is produced, the other plants being devoted to steel. It was built for a rail mill in 1868, and enlarged and adapted to merchant iron work in 1874 and 1884. The product is now miscellaneous bar iron and steel, fish plates, light rails and nails. There are two blast furnaces, 17x66 feet, built in 1870, and lately remodeled and equipped with fire-brick stoves. The product is mostly forge and foundry iron and some Bessemer iron . Ores are brought from the Lake Supe- rior mines and from an interesting deposit at Iron Ridge in Wisconsin. This latter ore is a red oolite, with 55 per cent, iron and over 1 per cent, phosphorus, is cheaply mined and makes a pig very suitable for the base Bessemer process. The mills are provided with eight trains of rolls, from eight inches up to twenty-two inches in size, puddling and heating furnaces, both coal and gas fired, producers, etc., and machinery well- adapted to the class of work turned out. There is a well appointed nail factory with 100 nail-cutting machines. This plant will probably continue to produce manufactured iron, but the increase in the demand for steel prod- ucts, now rolled from steel made at other plants, will soon necessitate the erection of a steel works to make basic ingots. UNION WORKS. This plant is located in the southwestern part of the City of Chicago, on the south branch of the river. Originally built as an iron rail mill in 1863, a Bessemer plant was afterwards added, in which, on July 26, 1871, the first Bessemer steel produced in Chicago was made. Blast furnaces were later erected, as also plate and bar mills, a rod-mill and a wire- drawing plant. In 1884 the property came into the hands of the Union Steel 312 GUIDE TO CHICAGO. Company, and was thoroughly remodeled, A large part of the machinery and buildings being removed and replaced by modern appliances. The product at present is entirely rails. There are four blast furnaces, two 14 by 12 feet, and two 16 by 75 feet, supplied with an excellent equipment and doing very good work. The metal is run into pigs, as the Bessemer work does not use direct metal. In the Bessemer plant there are two 10-ton vessels working to one pit, five iron cupolas, four spiegel cupohis, two ladle crants, four ingot cranes, three blowing engines, the necessary hydraulic pumps, etc. This plant made its first blow May 31, 1886, and enjoys the distinction of having made the largest product with two vessels of any plant in America. During the year ending the 30th of June 1890, 318,000 tons of ingots were turned out; the largest month's output was 36,200 tons, and the largest twenty-four hours' output was 1,639 tons. Ingots 15-inches square are cast, making four rails each, and are heated in soaking pits fired with gas, and rolled in a 36 inch 8-high blooming mill to blooms 7% inches square and cut to 2 rail lengths. These are then rolled without reheating in a 25 inch 3-high train, provided with table* for handling the rails at the rolls. This train is driven by one engine and has rolled 1,812 tons of rails in twenty-four hours, 28,490 tonsin a month and 260,000 tons in the year ending June 30, 1890. A separate finishing house provides ample facilities for handling and shipping a large product. Rails from 50 to 90 pounds per yard are rolled in this mill. -The steam fuel used at this plant is crude petroleum, which is delivered in tank cars and pumped to the several departments. The railroad connections to the Union Works are ample, but the yards are somewhat crowded, owing to the situation in a thickly built part of the city. Ore was formerly received by vessels, but now comes by rail from the South Works, where it can be more cheaply and quickly handled. JOLIET WORKS. This works was started as an iron mill in 1870, and a Bessemer works aud steel rail mill on Holley's designs were added in 1873. Two blast furnaces were built in 1873, the Bessemer and rail mill were remodeled in 1885, a G.irrett rod mill was put down in 1888, and a third blast furnace was completed in 1890. The product is now rails, billets and rods. Although ores for this plant have to be transported by rail from Chicago or the mines, there is yet a considerable advantage in the location of the works, and one which determined the original installation, namely, the ample and cheap supply of coal for steam and heating purposes, which is obtained from the Illinois coal fields, at no great distance from the works. The railroad connections are very good. The blast furnaces are 20 feet by 80 feet, and are furnished with fire-brick stoves of the Gordon, Cowpcr and Massick & Crookes type; Their product is Bessemer metal exclusively, which is used direct in the Bessemer works, to which itis conveyed in ladles, up an incline, crossing two main lines of railroad by an overhead bridge. The Bessemer plant contains two 8 ton vessels, cupolas for rem'elting pig to supple- ment the direct metal from furnaces, spiegel, cupolas, hydraulic cranes, blowing engines, etc. , all of good and modern types. A great deal of special low carbon steel is made for billets, etc., besides the usual rail steel. The rail mill comprises gas and coal-fired furnaces, a 36-inch 3-high blooming train, and a 24 inch rail train in two parts, each driven by a separate engine. The rail train is fed byan ingenious arrangement of troughs and tables, which is also used in the rolling of billets, which are made in the same train. After leaving the 'train the billets are cut to lengths by a hydraulic shear which works with great rapidity, and dropped under a conveyor consisting e < 3 e CQ S 3 p THE ENCYCLOPEDIA. 313 of a chain of rollers kept in motion by an engine. The billets thus travel at twice the speed of the rollers, and are carried several hundred yards to the rod mill, where they are automatically dumped in piles. Some 350 tons of 4 inch billets have been rolled and conveyed in twelve hours. The rod mill is of the most modern Garrett type, and is turning out a large product, over 5,000 tons of No. 5 rod having been rolled in a single month. There are two engines driving the sections of the train, and the mechanical details, includ- ing the reels, are of the first class. Very complete offices are accommodated in a handsome building of the limestone for which Joliet is famous, and an interesting and uncommon feature is the Athenaeum, a very completely appointed club house and library for the accommodation of the employes. This institution was built by the Joliet Steel Company before the consolida- tion, and affords to every employe, at a merely nominal charge, the advan- tages and conveniences of a lirst-class library and club. John H. Bass Car-wheel Works. Situated at Clark and Forty-seventh sts., on the Chicago, Rock Island & Pacific railroad. The main foundry building is 100x174 feet, and its daily capacity is 192 car wheels and ninety tons of other castings, which make an aggregate capacity of 150 tons. These works employ 400 men. The Chicago works form only a small part of Mr. Bass' iron-manufacturing enterprises. His Fort Wayne works, at Fort Wayne, Ind., 148 miles from Chicago, cover between twenty -five and thirty acres. The daily wheel capacity of the foundry is 700 car wheels. The total daily capacity of the foundry is 800 tons of car wheels and other castings. Other departments embraced in this plant are machine, boiler forge and mill- wright shops, all of which are in full operation. The Fort Wayne Iron Works, also owned by the same gentleman, comprise large foundry and machine shops. The total force of bands employed by him in Fort Wayne numbers about 1,500. At St. Louis, Mo., is still another plant, consisting of one foundry, 80x475 feet, and a second, 60x250 feet, having a dailj capacity of 200 car wheels. The foundry capacity besides car wheels is 100 tons daily of general castings, or 175 tons in the aggregate. A machine shop is operated in connection with these foundries. The St. Louis works employ from 400 to 500 men. Mr. Bass also owns an iron property consisting of 18,000 acres in Alabama, on which he operates a charcoal blast-furnace, manufacturing a large portion of wheel-iron. Other local manufacturers of cast-iron car wheels are the Union Foundry and Pullman Car-wheel Works, the Chicago Car- wheel Company, the Barmim-Richardson Manufacturing Company, the C. A. Treat Manufacturing Company, the Wells & French Company, and the United States Rolling Stock Company. Joseph Kliekn. Located at 114-116 South Jefferscn st. Established 1877. A great room and picture-frame molding manufactory. Employs about 100 hands, and supplies dealers in nearly every State and Territoiy in the cdun- try. The mill is handsomely fitted up with ingenious machinery and is worthy of a visit. Reams & Orme. Located at 52 Michigan street. Manufacturers of the celebrated Reams' Pop Safety Valve, the most sensitive, effective and dura- ble safety valve made. These valves are made of the best material and work- manship and under the direct supervision of skilled mechanics, thereby guard- ing against all ordinary defects of construction. They have a world-wide celebrity. 314 GUIDE TO CHICAGO. Jiurz Bros. & Buhrer. Located at 832, 834, 836, 838 and 840 Austin avenue. Manufacturers of light gray iron castings. The buildings cover 120 by 300 feet; capacity, 15 tons per day. There are 120 men employed. All kinds of agricultural, architectural and hardware castings are turned out here, and, besides, a large business is done in japanning and galvanizing. Lake Side Nail Company. Situated at Hammond, Indiana. Take train at Van Buren Street depot, Van Buren aud Sherman sts., or at Dearborn Station, Fourth ave. and Polk st. This company manufactures steel cut- nails exclusively. Their plant consists of two 3-ton Bessemer convert- ers, four Smith gas-heating furnaces, two trains of 22-inch rolls, and 101 nail machines. Lemont Stone Quarries. When the County of Cook built the "old original Court-house" in 1851 and '52, it was decided by the people and the wise rulers of the county that there was no suitable stone material in the vicinity of Chicago for the purposes of permanent building. After looking the country over it was decided that Lockport, N. Y., furnished the most desirable and conveniently accessible material, aud the stone for this building and the wall around it was actually transported over 500 miles. But the building growth of Chicago was not to be retarded for the want of durable and accessible cheap building material, and certain of her enterprising citi- zens, who had been connected, or were familiar, with the construction of the Illinois&Michigan canal, notably among whom being A. S, Sherman and Mr. H. M. Singer, still of this city, concluded to open up the deposits of stone at Lemont, which the cutting through of the canal had developed. From these small beginnings has grown up one of the largest, most important and pros- perous industries of the city. These quarries have not only contributed largely to the material growth of the city by furnishing an accessible build- ing stone for all purposes, from the foundation stone to the roof coping, besides flagging, curbing and rubble stone for sidewalk and street improve- ment, but coarser material for rip rap, from which the Government, the Illinois Central Railroad and all. other breakwater works in this vicinity have drawn their supplies. The business increased to such an extent that in 1889 there were 7 large concerns engaged in quarrying and supplying stone for Chicago and the surrounding markets at Lemont, besides some 18 other ompanies at Joliet engaged to a greater or less extent in the same business. In October of that year a number of Chicago capitalists and business men conceived the idea of forming one large company which would concentrate the management of a number of these companies, thereby reducing the run- ning expenses to a minimum degree, and by centralizing the business and managementbe enabled to attend to the wantsof the trade with more prompt- ness and dispatch and securing better results for the outlay of their capital and the exhausting of the quarries, which for various causes had been largely interfered with by unscrupulous competition and all its attending evils. So the Western Stone Company was formed, and acquired by purchase the property of six of the large concerns at Lemont and Lockport, and is now actively engaged in operating all of the quarries, manufacturing and dressing all kinds of machine dressed and mill-work limestone. The company owns 26 canal boats, seven steam canal barges and two steam tugs used in the transportation of their products from the quarries to Chicago, besides ship- ping extensively by rail. They operate 10 steam stone planners and 17 gangs of saws in manufacturing flagging and sawing stone. With a practically inexhaustible supply of stone of convenient and easy access to Chicago by THE ENCYCLOPEDIA. ^ 315 Lumber District. Situated in the southwestern part of the city, from five and a half to seven miles from the City Hall, along the south branch of the Chicago river. It maybe reached by Canalport ave,, Blue Island ave. or Somh Halsted st. cars. It extends from the south branch west beyond West- ern ave., and practically occupies all of the southern part of the territory covered by Western ave., Oakley ave., Leavitt st., Hoyne ave., Robeyst., Lincoln St., Honorest., Wood St., Paulinast., Ashland ave., Charltou st. and Loomis st. Here the visitor will find mile after mile of lumber yards laid out into streets and alleys, where thousands of men are constantly employed in " shoving" the boards as they are received from vessels in the river, or in loading them on to long lines of freight cars. Here, too, are to be seen some of the greatest sash, door, blind and planing mills in the world. The lumber district is a district all to itself. Foreign labor of all kinds is employed here, but the Bohemians are in the majority. In the lumber season it is interesting to watch the unloading of vessels, to see how ra"pidly a cargo is discharged, and to notice with what skill the boards are piled in the yards. A number of serious riots have occurred from time to time in the " Jumber district," the result of labor strikes. Of late, however, the laborers have quieted down. Building associations have grown up among them; many own their own homes, and the conservatism which everywhere follows the possession of property is felt here. McCormick Harvenling Machine Company. Cyius H. McCormick, presi- dent; Eldridge M. Fowler, vice president ; E. K. Butler, general manager. Offices, cor. Wabash ave. and Congress fct.; works four miles southwest, on the south branch of the Chicago river, at the corner of Blue Island aves., accessible from the business center of the city, via Blue Island avenue street- car line. That guide to Chicago would be lacking in completeness which should omit from its pages at least a cursory description of this mammoth institution; an establishment of such magnitude in itself, and of such world wide scope in its influences, as to make it the paragon of nineteenth century business enterprise. The signal of the great success attaint d by this company was sounded when the click of the first McCormick reaper re echoed from the hill sides of old Virginia in 1831. The scale since then has ever been an ascending one, and each new year succeeds the old to find the McCormick a full giant's stride in advance of the position it occupied when the last pre- ceding record was made up. Comparisons need not be given here to show this steady progress upward and onward, but in a general way we may speak of the McCormick works as they are to-day. Upon approaching the locality, of which they are the conspicuous center, their magnitude is at once apparent, and in wondrous contemplation we view the scene the spacious yards; the multiplicity of substantial manufacturing buildings; the long line of ware- houses; the McCormick railroad engine, plying back and forth over the miles of track within the enclosure of the works; the expanse of dock frontage, where the lar^st lake vessels are constantly loaditig and unloading their cargoes at the very doors of the works added to this, the busy buzz and hum and whirr of tireless machinery, the clanging of steel and iron, the 316 GUIDE TO CHICAGO. industrial music of a thousand hammers in a veritable "anvil chorus," the never-ending "thud, thump and thud " of the imported raw material as it is unloaded from car or Steamer, and its equally-continuous counterpart in acoustics, resultant from the inversion of the process, whereby the completed machines are consigned to other cars and other steamers, outward-bound for other shores, carrying the McCormick to all parts of the world to every clime whose summer sun ripens golden grain. All this it may well be imagined prepares one, before entering the works proper, to accept the truth- fulness of the assertion, oft reiterated and never disputed, that the McCormick works annually produce more grain and grass-cutting machines than any other establishment in the world. INSPECTION OP THE WORKS. On a tour of inspection through the works what do we see and learn? Brielly, that the floor space utilized in the various departments aggregates more than thirty-seven acres; that 2,000 skilled mechanics are employed in moulding and fashioning the individual parts of machinery for their final splendid consolidation in the McCormick harvesters, reapers and mowers; that in the prosecution of this work there were consumed during the year, ending August 1, 1891, 17,400 tons of special bar iron and steel, 2,400 tons of sheet steel and 21,000 tons of castings, besides over 8,000,- 000 feet of lumber, used chiefly in boxing or crating machines for shipment. Very little wood, be it remembered, enters into the construction of the McCormick product; none in fact, save that used in the tongue and, possibly, one or two minor parts a portion so small that the McCormick harvesters and mowers are rightly termed " Machines of Wteel." In further elaboration of the above figures, the Company's books show that 13,671 cars of freight were handled by them last season, and that the number of machines sold reached the amazing total of 121,780! Think of it! Even in this day of gigantic achievements the manufacture and sale by a single establishment of 121,780 machines, for cutting grass and reaping and binding grain, during the briefly-passing period of a twelve-month, is a wonderful performance. Had this great number reference merely to such implements as the old-time hand- sickle and scythe, it would still be no small feat; but, when it is remembered that these are all modern machines, to be drawn by horses, and that their weight is from 650 to 1,300 pounds each, the fact is most stupendously pre- sented; but, being a fact, must so stand upon the pages of recorded history. To facilitate the handling of this enormous ontput the McCormick works are most admirably equipped, there being covered sheds from the warehouse, from which fifty cars can be loaded and dispatched in a single day. This seems like a large number, but when it is considered that two dnys will suffice to manufacture these fifty carloads, that they should be loaded and shipped in one day is not a great achievement. "What!" you exclaim, "twenty- five carloads of McCormick machines manufactured in a single day? " It is is even so; yea, more than this: for many months of the year the busy artisans of these great works succeed in turning out a complete machine during every minute of every hour of every day. The running of an establishment to this seeming incredible capacity is possible only as the result of a system; a system, the knowledge of whose details must challenge the admiration of man. In short, so thoroughly systematized are all departments, and so felicitous are the operations of the specially-designed machinery used, that the managers are confident that in no manufacturing establishment in the world is material worked into completed forms so cheaply and so expedi- tiously as in the works of the McCormick Harvesting Machine Company. THE ENCYCLOPEDIA. 317 SECRETS OF SUCCESS. The unrivaled success of the McCormick Company, and its proud position in the industrial and commercial world is such that one is involuntarily prompted to ask the secret thereof; to Itaru of those seemingly- hidden mysteries whereby such pre-eminence is attained. With the McCormick Company, however, these secrets, these mysteries, exist only in the seeming. There are two fundamental rules for an enviable success in legitimate business, especially that branch of business represented by the transactions of the buyer and (he seller: First, the seller must have an article or a commodity which the buyer really wants, and, secondly, the buyer must be accorded uniformly fair and honorable treatment at thehandsof theseller. Would the readerknowhow well this second fequirment is observed by the McCormick Company, he is respectfully referred to the reputation that Company has builded in the past half century; to the hundreds of thousands of agriculturists of all lands with whom they have had business relations. As to the condition-precedent the production of an article which is wanted itis not probable that it is so nearly fulfilled by any manufacturing establishment in the world as by the McCor- mick Company, and if we have digressed from those topics suggested by a visit to their works, we return now to speak more fully of this particular feature, with which one is most favorably impressed. We refe"r to the experimental department. The immediate success of the McCormick machines and their many patented improvements that appear from time to time, is due to the fact that all experimenting is done by the manufacturers, so that when a machine is placed upon the market and labeled "McCormick" the public knows that it has passed the experimental stage and will accomplish the results for which it was designed. At the McCormick Works new ideas pre- senting the possibility of practicability are not accepted until possibility has been reduced to certainty. Entire machines are built, taken into the field and given thorough tests under all conditions. They are not foisted upon the farmers simply because they seem to possess merit. All doubts must first be removed ; -the McCormick Company is not willing that its experimenting should be done at the expense of its patrons. A CuurosiTY. One of the curiosities in the possession of the McCormick Company is a time-worn and weather beaten specimen of the original Reaper, as invented by the late Cyrus H. McCormick, the first practical machine that ever entered a harvest field, and the admitted " type and pattern after which all others are modeled." What volumes the storm-buffeted old landmark speaks to the grey-haired man of the middle west! Why, to watch the old McCormick Reaper was the delight of his earliest boyhood, and, standing in its august presence now, he lives over again the sunny days of life's June, the while the dear remembered faces of father and mother come back to him, and in fancy he feels the "touch of a vanished hand" hears the "sound of a voice that is still." AT TIIK HEAD OF ITS CLASS. But we must pass on. Indisputably at the head of its class, manufacturing more than one-third of the world's entire output of grain and grass-cutting machines, a detailed showing of the vast annual product of the McCormick Harvesting Machine Company, and a recapitulation of its widespread business interests would be an undertaking beyond the scope of this volume, embracing as it necessarily would a com- pilation of facts and figures of such magnitude, of such stupendous propor- tions as to well-nigh establish an abiding faith in the mystic magic of the genii of old, and to tear the veil of skepticism from the wildest prophesies of the seer of today. What has here been touched upon must be accepted only 318 GUIDE TO CHICAGO. as an intimation of the actuality. To the reader, the compiler of the Guide would simply say in conclusion, " Go and see for yourself." The verdict of the world accords the palm to the McCormick and the world's verdict is always an impartial one. Norton Brothers' Works. Situated at Maywood. Take train at Wells Street depot, Wells and Kinzie streets. These works manufacture tin cans for packing fruit, vegetables, etc. Automatic machinery, the invention of Edwin Norton, shapes the tinplate for can bodies, forms and solders them, attaches top and bottom, tests them for leakages, counts them and afterwards delivers them in the warehouse or in cars for shipping. The devices here used are of a most ingenious character, and almost entirely dispense with hand labor. A machine, also invented by Edwin Norton, is in use in this establishment for^rolling molten solder directly into sheets. The Norton Fluid Metal Rolling Company have been sufficiently successful in adapting this process to the production of sheet steel to warrant them in buildings plant for regular work. This is now in course of erection and is intended to produce sheet steel for the manufacture of tinplate of which Norton Brothers are the largest consumers in the world, being interested in can factories, working under their automatic system, at New York, San Francisco and Hamilton, Canada, the combined capacity of which is a daily production of 800,000 cans for fruits, vegetables, oysters, etc. As showing the capacityof this firm to handle vast quantities of cans and to supply other sections in case of a dearth of cans, such as occurred this season in the East, it may be stated that they loaded into cars and shipped during one week in 1890 over 2,500,000 cans, shipping two trains of about thirty cars each to Baltimore, at the same time handling their regular Western trade. PULLMAN. Pullman to-day represents the most advanced and improved example of city construction which the world has seen, and it is carefully studied forits suggestive value by men of science, capitalists, economists and students of social science throughout the world. Pullman is unquestionably one of the greatest attractions Chicago has to offer her visitors. It is situated on the west shore of Lake Calumet, fourteen miles south of the Court House. The extreme length of the town is about two miles in a north and south direction, and it is half a mile in average width. The surface of streets around the Arcade is r.bout nine feet above the level of the lake, permitting good basements for buildings. The land rises to the north and west, and the surface at the foundry is fifteen feet above the lake level. All improvements in the way of drainage, paving, sewerage, gas and water, preceded the population, or were put in when the houses were built. Pullman has a population of 11,783 (September, 1891), and 6,000 operatives are employed in all the industries here, and their average earnings are $2 a day, or over $600 a year each. These earnings averaged $610.73 each in the Pull- man industries for the fiscal year ending July 31, 1891. In no other place are all workmen so well provided for as here. The following are facts of interest given in alphabetical order : THE ENCYCLOPEDIA. 319 ARCADE. This structure, 256x164 feet in size, contains on the first floor 11 the stores of the place, the bank, and post-office. The second story is used for offices, the library, and theater, and the third for lodge-rooms. It is heated by steam. ARCADE THEATER. This theater will accommodate an audience, of 1,000, and is furnished with all modern conveniences. A good play or concert is given here once a week, and at prices about one-half of those charged in Chicago. The drop curtain is the finest painting of the sort in the West. ART. The town and shops were built under the supervision of artists and architects, and it is the only town in the world built artistically and scientifically in every part. Artists are employed in the decoration of cars inside and outside, and a large force is engaged in carving. . ALLEN PAPEH CAR WHEEL WORKS. These works have a capacity for building 12,000 wheels a year. The Allen wheel consists of a steel tire, an iron hub, and a hard paper center, or core four inches thick, protected on either side by boiler plates, and all accurately bolted togeter with an inner and an outer row of bolts passing through the metal and paper. It is used under sleeping cars and other costly cars and it will run 500,000 miles. These wheels cost from $40 to $65 apiece. ATHLETIC ASSOCIATION. This association consists of 150 members, and within it are ball clubs, rowing crews, cricket clubs, etc., and they have a play-ground of about ten acres and an island with boat houses and race tracks and grand stands. ACCIDENTS. A liberal policy is adopted toward workmen who are acci- dentally injured, and, when necessary, provision is made for them in Chicago hospitals which are easily accessible. ARCHITECTURE. In selecting the architectural style to be followed at Pullman, it was deemed necessary to choose one that could be adapted to the great variety of buildings devoted to different uses. In general terms the style employed might be designated the round arched or Romanesque/without the Byzantine details for the great shops and principal buildings. It may be said that the dwellings suggest a simplified modification of the Queen Anne style of architecture. AMUSEMENTS. The island and the play-grounds furnish every opportu- nity for healthful exercise and out-door amusements. Rowing upon Lake Calumet is a common pastime. There are annual games and regattas and cycling races, which are attended by amateur athletes from all parts of the country, and which are witnessed by thousands of spectators. BAND (See Music.) BANK. The Pullman Loan and Savings Bank, in the Arcade, now (De- cember, 1891,) has 1,950 savings depositors, and their deposits aggregate half a million dollars. BRASS WORKS. (See Union foundry.) BLACKSMITH SHOPS. These shops form a portion of the ear works, and run 125 forges for the smaller forgings used in car construction. BIRTH RATE 346 children were born here during the fiscal year ending July 31st, 1891, or thirty per 1,000 of the population. BRICKYARDS. These immense brickyards have a capacity for turning out 30,000,000 of brick a year. The clay for them is dredged from the bottom of Lake Calumet. The bricks are all machine made. The dredged area will be useful when the lake is made into a harbor. BLOCKS. The size of a block here which will contain tenements for from 320 GUIDE TO CHICAGO. fifty to 100 families is 660 by 330 feet. Twenty-five blocks are now occupied by dwellings. BOILDINGS. There are brick tenements for 1,760 families ; there are sev- enty frame tenements in the place. These brick buildings contain all the modern improvements gas, water, etc., aud good basements, which in many cases are used for kitchens acd dining-rooms. BUSINESS HOUSES. Business men rent stores in the Arcade or stalls in the Market building. The Pullman Company has no business Interest in these mercantile establishments, but merely rents rooms to business men. Pullman has the best of markets and stores of all kinds. CALUMET RIVER This stream south of Pullman flows five times ns much water as the Chicago river, and will, in the near future, furnish from forty to fifty miles of wharfage. The government is improving the r.ver from its mouth to 200 feet in width and sixteen feet in depth. CAUS. Cars of every description are made here, the shops having a capacity for turning out each week three sleepers, twelve passenger cars, 240 freight cars, and several street cars, the number depending upon the value of the cars. With the exception of glass, blankets, car springs and plushes used in upholstering, everything for the best cars is manufactured at Pull- man; all marble work, glass embossing, mirror-making and electroplating are done here. CALUMET MANUFACTURING COMPANY. This company makes paints which are used here, as well as for the outside market. CEMETERIES. In the immediate neighborhood there are cemeteries as follows: On the north is Oakwoods, and on the west are Mount Greenwood, Mount Olivet and Mount Hope cemeteries. CENSUS. Enumerations of the people have been taken as shown in the following tabular statement: ENUMERATIONS. Dates. Population. Dates. Population. January 1, 1881 4 July 28, 1885 8,603 Marchl,1881 57 July 1, 1886 8,861 June 1,1881 654 October 1, 1886 9,013 February 1, 1882 2,084 October 1, 1887 10,081 March 8, 1883 4,512 July 1, 1888 10.560 August 15, 1883 5,823 July 1, 1889 10,610 November 20, 1883 6,685 July 31, 1890 10,680 September 30, 1884 8,513 September 30, 1891 11,783 The last census showed 6174 men, 2,189 women and 3,420 children or a total of 11,783 persons. CHICAGO. Pullman is now in the Thirty fourth Ward of Chicago, the city containing 1,250,000 population. Chicago has no parallel in the history of cities. Melbourne and San Francisco have grown up simultaneously with it, but it is nearly twice as large as both those cities. Its area is now 183*^ square miles. It is the second city in the Union, having added three-fourths of a million of people to its population in ten years. CHILDREN'S WORK. As yet, only a few children work in the factories here, probably 100 in all. CHURCHES. Pullman now has eight different church societies and a num- ber of handsome church edifices. CORLISS ENGINE. This beautiful engine ran the machinery at the PhVv THE ENCYCLOPEDIA. 321 adelphia Centennial Exposition. It is rated at 2,500 horse-power. Connected with it are 3,268 feet of main shafting. Over ten miles of belting convey power to machinery in the Pullman shops. This engine weighs 700 tons. COLUMBIA SCKEW COMPANY. Here metal screws of all sorts are made, the average daily product, December, 1891, b ing 1,500 gross. DAIRY FARM. This farm, on the Calumet Kiver, keeps from 80 to 100 cows; the milk is all sold in Pullman and vicinity. DRAINAGE. A system of drains and laterals takes all the atmospheric water from roofs and streets into Lake Calumet. The drainage of the town is perfect, and preceded the population, it being put in simultaneously with the building of the houses. DEATH RATE. (See Health.) DRY KILNS. The shops have extensive dry kilns for drying the lumber used in passenger and sleeping cars. DROP FORGE COMPANY. Here are made all manner of drop forgings, as well as 1,500 pairs of steel shears a day. DWELLINGS. (See Buildings.) DREDGING. A dredge is in constant use taking clay from the bottom of Lake Calumet for the brick yards, and at the same time excavating channels for the future use of shipping. DEPOTS. There are now eight railway depots, which render all portions of tie Pullman lauds easily accessible. DOCTORS. There are now four resident physicians here, one-quarter of the average number in the United States for such a population. ENGINES. There are seventeen different steam engines in and around the Pullman Car Works and they are rated at about 9,000 horse-power. ELECTRIC LIGHTING. The paint sliops of the freight car works are lighted by 66 arc lights, each of 1,200 candle-power and about 1,000 incandescent lamps are used in other portions of the works. ELECTROPLATING. All kinds of plating are done in this department, and here are finished the metal trimmings used in cars, such as curtain rods, brackets, pumps, locks, hinges, sash trimmings, door knobs, etc. The department employs 100 operatives. FLATS. (See Buildings.) FREIGHT CAR SHOPS. The capacity of these shops is forty finished cars a day, or one for every fifteen minutes of working time. FIRE DEPARTMENT. This is now under the city fire marshal. FLORA. All the flowering plants which thrive in this latitude are grown at the greenhouses here, and are used for adorning the parks and gardens. FOUNDRY. (See Union Foundry.) FUEL. In what might be termed the Pullman industries alone, about 50,000 tons of coal are consumed. All the shavings and sawdust from the shops are carried out of the shop rooms by means of exhaust pipes, and are burned under the boilers. GAS WORKS. Water gas is made by the Lowe process, and is carried into every room in Pullman. The city is lighted by gas. GLASS. AH the glass used in cars is prepared here, that is, etched, bev- eled, and silvered as required. Mirrors for Pullman cars are also made here. GEOLOGY. There is a deposit here of bowlder drift blueclay about ninety feet thick, resting upon lime rock, making the best possible foundation for buildings of every sort. 322 GUIDE TO CHICAGO. GREENHOUSES. These are kept for furnishing the town, its parks and gardens with flowers and shrubs. GARBAGE. At present all the garbage is collected each day and buried at a distance from the town. Its disposal by burning, or by some process of rendering it, has been under discussion. HYDRANTS. There are 160 fire or street hydrants, set at intervals of 300 feet on the streets. HALLS. There is abundance of hall room in the place. HAMMER SHOP. Car axles equalizers and other heavy forgings are made here, and a number of heavy steam-hammers are in use. HENNEPIN CANAL. When a canal, known under this name, is made, its natural northern outlet willbe the Calumet river, which flows along our southern border. HISTORY. Work was begun here in May, 1880, and the first family came January 1, 1881, the second late in March of the same year. HEALTH. The health of the citizens here has always been good. The number of deaths for the fiscal year ending July 31, 1890, was 160, and during the year ending July 31, 1891, they were 176. HOSPITALS. The city hospitals are so easily reached, that it has not, as yet, been found necessary to build such an institution here. HOTEL. There is only one hotel, as yet, and it can accommodate about 100 guests. It is known as Hotel Florence. HOUSES. (See Buildings.; HOUSE DRAINAGE. (See Drainage.) JOURNALS. The Arcade Journal, a local weekly paper of eight pages, Is the only newspaper published here. ISLAND. Tne ground known as the Island contains five acres, and lies at the foot of lllth street. It has boat houses, grand stands, a race course and grounds especially prepared for all manner of athletic exercises. It is under the control of the Pullman Athletic Association. Many regattas .have been held at this island. ICE HOUSES. These houses, belonging to the Pullman Company, on the southwest shore of the lake, hold 24,000 tons of ice. There are many other ice houses on the Calumet river and lake. IRON MACHINE SHOP. This is a part of the car shops, in which all kinds of iron machine work are done. INSURANCE. All property here is kept fully insured. INDUSTRIES. The various industries now here are the car works of Pull- man's Palace Car Company, The Union Foundry and Pullman Car Wheel Works, The Allen Paper Car Wheel Works, The Chicago Drop Forge and Foundry Company's Works, The Pullman Iron and Steel Works. The Calu- met Manufacturing Company's Paint Works, The Pullman Brick Works, The Pullman Street Car Works, the works of the Illinois Terra Cotta Lumber Company, The Columbia Screw Works, and the Standard Knitting Mills. LAKE CALUMET. This lake is three and a half miles long by a mile and a half iu width, and may eventually be made into a good harbor. LAKE MICHIGAN. This inland sea is 330 miles long by an average of ixty miles in width, and 90 miles wide in its widest part,and is 576 feetabove the sea level. LAKE VISTA. This little artificial lake, in front of the shops, contains about three acres. LIBRARY. The Pullman Library contains 7,000 volumes, and takes sev- THE ENCYCLOPEDIA. 323 enty papers and periodicals. It is a personal gift of President Pullman to his city. It is a circulating library; 19,931 books wer drawn from it during the fiscal year ending July 31, 1891. LABOR. (See Workmen and Wages.) LAND ASSOCIATION. (See Pullman Land Association.) LIVING AT PULLMAN. Close proximity to the stock yards and surrounded by market gardens, there is no cheaper place on the continent than Pullman in which to reside. Meats here cost less than one-half as much as they do in New York and Boston. LEASES. The leases have a clause permitting the tenant to vacate a house on ten days' notice. (See Rents.) LUMBEHYAHDS. About fifty different kinds of lumber are used here, and nearly half a million dollars' worth is constantly kept on hand in the yards. The yards cover about eighty acres of ground. Lumber is obtained from South America, Central America, Mexico, and from half the States of the Union. MACHINERY. There is nearly a million dollars' worth of machinery in all the industries at Pullman, and it is needless to say that it is the btst of its kind. MANUFACTURING. The total value of the finished product from all the manufactories at Pullman is now about fifteen millions of dollars a year. That of the whole country is eight thousaud millions of dollars. MARKET. This building is 110 by 100 feet in size, and in it are the mar- ket stalls from which meat, vegetables, fruit, fish and poultry are sold. Over the market stalls is a public hall which will accommodate an audience of 600. MUNICIPAL. Pullman is now in the thirty-fourth waid of Chicago. Music. Pullman has one of the best military bands in the West; it now has fifty musicians. It carried off the first prize in the State band contest at Peoria, Oct. 3, 1890; it also took eight other prizes. NATIVITY. The following table exhibits the types of all the workmen May 1, 1891, and shows the countries where they were born. Types PRESENT TYPES AND NATIVITY. Nativity Totals Types Nativity Totals American U. S. 2086 2086 f Denmark Scandina-J Norway 63 127 Latin vian 1 Sweden 1181 [Finland 4 1375 Dutch f England 408 n ... , J Canada Brltlsh 1 Scotland 269 98 (.Wales 21 796 A llntli f Germany 661 xVll DllJ "- {!& 49 1 [ Bohemia fit 723 Irish Ireland 315 315 NECROLOGY. (Se Health.) Belgium Switzerland France (.Italy Holland f Australia East Indies Greece 107 625 Mexico Poland [ Russia 56 8083 324 GUIDE TO CHICAGO. OPERATIVES. (See Workmen.) ORGANIZATION. The Pullman Car Works have a general manager and the town a general superintendent, and under these are foremen in charge of the several departments. Every independent industry, of course, has its own superintendent. PAINT WORKS. (See Calumet Manufacturing Company.) PLAY GROUNDS. (See Island and Amusements.) PARKS. The whole place is a park in itself. PASSENGER-CAR SHOPS. (See Cars.) These shops have room for ahout 150 cars, and turn out from ten to twelve passenger cars a week and three sleeping cars. They also repair from fifty to 100 cars a month. These shops are admirably lighted and perfectly ventilated. PAVEMENTS. There are nearly eight miles of paved streets. The streets are all surfaced with the best of macadam. POLICE. We have a detail of two men from the Chicago force. POLITICS. The two political parties are about equally divided here. POWER. The steam engines at Pullman are rated at over 9,000 horse- power. (See Corliss Engine.) PULLMAN. CARS. The Pullman Company now own and operate 2,239 cars (October 15, 1891), and on 125,000 miles of railroad. In his annual report made October 15, 1891, President Pullman says: There have been built during the year, 191 sleeping, parlor and dining cars, costing $3.079,693.62, or an average of $16,124,05 per car. Ordershave been placed at the company's works for 51 Pullman cars, the estimated cost being about $16,500 each, or an aggregate of $841,500. The number of cars owned or controlled is 2,239, of which 1,965 are standard and 274 tourist or second class cars. The number of passeneers carried during the year was 5,310,813; the number of miles run 186,829,886. During the previous year the number of passengers carried was 5,023,057, the number of miles run 177,033,116. The year just ended shows, therefore, an increase of about 6 per cent., both in the number of passengers carried and miles run. The total mileage of railways covered by contracts for the operation of the cars of this company is 124,557 miles. PULLMAN CITY (see History). It was begun in May, 1880, and now has about 12,000 people, with 10,000 more within a mile of its dpot. (See Indus- tries and Census.) PULLMAN COMPANY. In remarks made at the annual meeting of the Pullman Company, held October 15th, 1891, President Pullman said: There has been added during the fiscal year to the company's invest- ments in shops and plant $127,341.41. The value of manufactured product of the car works of the company for theyear was $11, 906, 977. 76, and of other industries, including rentals, $1,353,494.12. making a total of $13,260,471.88. against $10,213,658.10 for the previous year. The averag"e number of names on the pay-rolls at Pullman, in the Pull- man industries alone, for the year was 5,455, and wages paid $3,331,527.41, making an average for each person employed of $610.73, against $596.46 for the previous year. The total number of persons in the employ of the company in its manu- facturing and operating departments is 13,885; wages paid during the year, $7,303,108.42. The number of employes for the previous year was 12,367, and wages paid $6,249,891.65. THE ENCYCLOPEDIA. 325 PULLMAN FARM. Three miles south of the depot are 140 acres of land, which have been drained and piped for the reception and distribution of sewage, which is pumped there from the town. The leading crops aie onious, celery, cabbage and potatoes. PULLMAN IRON AND STEKL WORKS. These works employ 250 men and turn out 100 tons of rolled iron a day. This iron is made largely from scrap. PULLMAN LAND ASSOCIATION. This corporation owns about 8,000 acres of land in the Calumet region, and the Palace Car Company owns about 500 acres. The town is chiefly upon the lands of the Car Company. RENTS. The rents of houses here range fron five ton fly dollars a month, the Average being fourteen dollars a month; but there are hundreds of tene- ments renting from six to nine dollars a month. These rents are considerably less than those for similar tenements anywhere else in Chicago. RAILROAD There are thirty miles of railroad connected with the town and shops. This road hiis three locomotives and 150 cars. The road connects with the belt lines. The United States now have about one-half of the rail- road mileage of the world, or (November, 1891) 170,000 miles. The total of the share capital and funded debt and all other forms of indebtedness give a total of $10,600,01)0,000, or about $60,000 per mile. In rolling stock the average is one locomotive and one passenger car for every five miles of track, and there are 1,150,000 freight cars in use. RIVER CALUMET. (See Calumet River.) STABLES. The Pullman Stables care for sixty horses, and contain the quarters of the Fire Department. SECRET SOCIETIES. Such societies are well represented here, there being about forty different clubs and associations in the town. STREETS. There are nearly eight miles of paved streets. The width of the ordinary street is sixty-six feet, and the distance between house lines ia about 100 feet. The main boulevard, or One Hundred and Eleventh street, is 100 feet wide. The streets are all well drained and have good cobble-stone gutters, well provided with catch-basins; shade trees, too, are planted on either side, and there are handsome grass-plats between the sidewalks and the wagon roads. SEWERS AND SEWAGE. A system of pipes, entirely separate from the drains for surface waters, takes the sewage from houses and shops to a reser- voir holding 300,000 gallons under the water tower. The sewage is pumped from this reservoir as fast as received to a sewage farm three miles south of the town. The farm is irrigated with the sewage (See Pullman Farm). The dwellings are all provided with good closets, and there are no outbuildings other than woodsheds. One million eight hundred thousand gallons of sewage a day are pumped to the farm. STREET RAILROAD. About four miles of street car trackshave been laid, and will doubtless be extended northward and soon connect with tracks lead- ing to the center of Chicago. All kinds of street cars are built here. StEAM HEATING All the shops and public buildings, such ns the Arcade, Church, Schoolhouse and Market are heated by steam, and also all the dwellings on the boulevard, and those surrounding Arcade Park. SEWAGE FARM (see Pullman Farm). SIDEWALKS. There are twelve miles of sidewalks, made largely of two- inch pine plank. There is some gravel walk and three blocks have brick walks. SOCIAL LIFE. There are abundant opportunities here for social pleasures, 326 GUIDE TO CHICAGO. and a hundred local trains a day make every portion of Chicago easily accessible. SCHOOLS. There are excellent schools now under the management of the Chicago Board of Education. The pupils in daily attendance average about 1,000. The entire enrollment of pupils in the public schools for the school year ending June 30th, 1891 was 1,218; 611 boys and 607 girls. There were21 teachers. STORES (see Arcade). The Pullman Company have no interest in mer- chandising here ; business men simply rent stores in the Arcade, and compete for business with all parts of Chicago. SUBURBS. There are about 50,000 people within four miles of the Pull- man Arcade, and the population is rapidly increasing! SUBURBAN TRAINS. The Illinois Central Railroad runs about a hundred trains a day to and from Pullman. THEATER. (See Arcade Theater). TERRA COTTA LUMBKR Co. The company manufactures a fire-proof tiling which is largely used in the ceilings and in partitions of large buildings. TENANTS. Tenants rent their dwellings from the company, and rents are payable semi-mnnthly. There are monthly charges for gas and water. The company takes care of the streets, parks and lawns. (See Buildings and Rents.) TREES. Shade trees border both sides of all streets. The trees are largely elms and maples. UNION FOUNDRY AND CAR-WHEEL WORKS. Tiis company has a capacity for working 1,000 men and using 250 tons of melted iron a day. All car wheels and car castings are made here. All the brass finishings used in car works are now made here, and this department employs 250 men, and turns out $300,000 worth of work a year. WATER. The water used here comes from Lake Michigan, and is carried inside of all tenements. Water for the use of elevators and for some boilers is pumped from Lake Calumet. WATER TOWER. This structure is 195 feet high, and in the top is a large boiler-iron tank which holds half a million gallons. This is kept tilled for use in case of fire, and only for fire use. Underneath the tower is a reservoir holding over 300,000 gallons, to which all the sewage of the town comes, and whence it is pumped to a farm three miles distant. (See Sewer- age and Farm.) WATER WORKS. The water is bought by meter measurement from the city by the company, which attends to the details of collecting its own water rates. The town has about fifteen miles of water mains. WATCHMEN. The shops are provided with watchmen who visit the more exposed portions of the buildings at short intervals of time, day and night, reporting to a central station by telephone. Every precaution is taken to guard against danger from fire. WAGES. The wages and earnings in Pullman average about $2 a day for every person employed. Of course some mechanics earn ,$3 and $4 a day. Men are paid twice a mouth, with checks on the Pullman bank here. The Michigan Bureau of Labor and Statistics, during the summer of 1891, made a personal canvass of 8,838 workingmen in 201 different industries in that state, and found the average annual earnings of those operatives to be $467.02 each, or $143.71 less than the average annual earnings of operatives at Pull- THE ENCYCLOPEDIA. 327 man. The average annual earnings at Pullman were $610.73 for that same period. (See Pullman Company). WOMEN'S WORK. As yet few women and girls are employed about 200 in all the industries here. Those now at work are in clerkships, in the upholstering rooms and in the Standard Knitting Mills. New industries will furnisti employment for all women and girls who desire it. WORKMEN. No operatives anywhere work under better conditions than here, and the earnings here are larger than those of persons doing similar work elsewhere. The best and cheapest of markets, good schools, libraries and churches, with delightful dwellings, and steady work at highest rates of pay, make Pullman a most desirable place for the mechanic; the best, in fact, which the world has yet offered him. Pullman Palace Car Company. Main office, Pullman building. Presi- dent, George M. Pullman. Directors, George M. Pullman, Marshall Field, J. W. Doane, Norman Williams and O. S. A. Sprague, of Chicago ; Henry C. Hulbert of New York, and Henry R. Read, of Boston. One of the great- eat corporations in the world. (See Pullman.) President Pullman supple- mented his report to the last annual meeting of the Company, Thursday, October 15, 1891 with the following general information : During the fiscal year new contracts have been made with the following railroad companies : Monterey & Mexican Gulf R. R. Co., for a period of fifteen years ; Chicago, Peoria and St. Louis Ry., and Jacksonville, Louisville & St. Louis Ry., com- prising the Jacksonville South-Eastern Line, for a period of twenty -five years. The contract with the Illinois Central R. R. Co. has been changed for a new contract, for a period of twenty-five years, this company purchasing the railroad company's interest in the cars owned under the previous contract. There have been built during the year 191 sleeping, parlor and dining cars, costing $3,079,693.62, or an average of $16,124.05 per car. Orders have been placed at the company's works for 51 pullman cars, the estimated cost being about $16,500 each, or an aggregate of $341,500. The number of cars owned or. controlled is 2,239, of which 1,965 are standard and 274 tourist or second- class cars. The number of passengers carried during the year was 5,310,813 ; the number of miles run, 186,829,836. During the previous year the number of passengers carried was 5,023,057, the number of miles run 177,033,116. The year just ended shows, therefore, an increase of about 6 per cent., both in the number of passengers carried and miles run. The total mileage of railways covered by contracts for the operation of the cars of this company is 124,557 miles. There has been added during the fiscal year to the company's investments in shops and plant, $127,341 41. The value of manufactured product of the car works of the company for the year was $11,906,977.76, and of other industries, including rentals, $1,353,494.12, making a total of $13,260,471.88, against $10,213,658.10 for the previous year. The average number of names on the pay-rolls at Pullman for- the year was 5,455, and wages paid, $3,331,527.41, making an average for each person employed of $610,73, against $596.46 for the previous year. The total number of persons in the employ of the company in its manufacturing and operating depart- ments is 13,885; wages paid during the year, $7,303,108.42. The number of employes for the previous year wns 12,367, and wages paid, $6,249,891.65. The Pullman Loan and Savings Bank shows savings deposits at the end of the fiscal year of $456,803.04, a gain of $63,951.57 over the previous year. The number 'of depositors has increased duiing the year from 1,525 to 1,903, GUIDE TO CHICAGO. and the average for each depositor is $240.04. The entire enrollment of pupils in the public school for the school year was 1,218 611 boys and 607 girls with a regular staff of twenty-one teachers. The population, as shown by the census of July 31, 1891, is 11,783 persons, as against 10,680 in the previous year; 2 297 employes are living in the immediate vicinity of Pullman in houses not owned by the company. The following is a summary of the financial statement of the corrlpany for the fiscal year, ending July 1, 1891: REVENUE. From earnings of cars, $7,871,146.07; from patents, $19,501.79; from manufacturing, rentals, dividends, interest, etc, $1,881,676.80; total, $9,772,324.66. DISBURSEMENTS. Operating expenses, including maintenance of interior furnishings of cars, legal expenses, general taxes and insurance, $3,509,680 89; proportion of net earnings paid other interests in sleeping-car associations controlled and operated by this company, $1,008,324.41; interest on debenture bonds, $65,600; dividends on capital stock, $2,000,000; repairs of cars in excess of mileage, $139,495.88; total, $6,783,101.18. SUKPMJB FOH THE YKAK. Being excess of revenue over ordinary dis- bursements, carried to credit of income account, $2,989,223.48. Richards & Kelly Manufacturing Company. Located at 389 Twenty-third street, two blockswest of Clark street. Manufacturers of prismatic sidewalk and vault lights, floor-lights, sky-lights and coal-hole covers. This concern placed the great sky-light in the Palmer House, and has performed a number of similar mechanical feats equally ingenious and skillful. The process of manufacture is interesting to visitors. Seed Market. Chicago for years has been the great market of the coun- try for field seeds, the facilities for shipping to all parts of the world being unsurpassed. There is more grass seed shipped from this city than from any other point on earth. There are a number of houses here which do an immense seed business. Among them areW. W. Barnard & Co., successors to Hiram Sibley, 6 and 8 N. Clark St.; Albert Dickinson & Co., 115, 117 and 119 Kinzie; 104 to 110 Michigan, and 1600 to 1614 Clark sts.; J. C. Vauglian & Co., 88 State St., and the Illinois Seed Company, 16 N. Clark st. The firm of Albert Dickinson & Co. is one of the greatest in the world. The Illinois Seed Company is a young firm, comparatively, but, as successors to Hiram Sibley & Co., has built up a great business. Ship Building Yard. The year 1890 witnessed the. establishment of a ship-yard capable of turning out vessels of the best type for lake navigation. Prior to this no iron or steel vessels had been built at Chicago. This new enter- prise has been undertaken by the Chicago Shipbuilding Company, composed of experienced steel shipbuilders, who have located their works on the Calu- met river, at South Chicago, about a mile above its entrance into Lake Mich- igan. With a river frontage of about 1,400 feet and an average depth of over 600 feet, the works cover over twenty acres, affording ample room for the shops necessary for all the various trades and occupations concerned in the building of the complete ship, with large storage ground for material besides. Atthe south end of the property, three slips, each 400 feet long by 100 feet wide, have been excavated to a depth of twelve feet of water, at a right angle to the river, whose sides give berths for building six ships of the largest class at one time, which will be launched sideways U9 PJ 3 I THE ENCYCLOPEDIA. 329 into the slips. Across the heads of the slips, equally convenient and access- ible to all the berths, stretches a building 540 feet long by 75 feet wide, con- taining the boilers and shop engine, healing furnaces for plates and angles, blacksmith shop, plate and angle shops, small machine shop, pattern shop, and in the second story a mould loft with a clciar floor 200 feet by 50 feet. Here the lines of the ships are laid down full size from the models and dimensions furnished from the drafting office, and the wooden moulds made by which the steel angles and the plates are shaped. The shops below are filled with machinery of the latest and most modern types shears, punches, planers, counters-sinkers, rolls, etc. The steel comes into the yard from the mills over a side-track from the Calumet River railroad, a branch of the Pennsylvania system. It is un- loaded from the cars and delivered to the shops by a traveling crane of sixty- two feet span, built by the Brown Hoisting and Conveying Machine Com- pany, of Cleveland, Ohio. A system of overhead tracks in the shop carries it to the various tools, and leaving them, a narrow-gauge railway takes it to the building berth. Here a steam cantilever crane of 120 feet span, built of steel by the same company, and running on trestle-work fifty feet above the ground, picks it up and delivers each plate, beam or angle'toits appointed place. The engines will also be put in by thiscrane before launching. The boil- ers will be hoisted in place by asteel derrick on the river front after launching. The company are now at work on their first contract, two steel steamers for the Minnesota Steamship Company, to go into the Lake Superior iron ore trade. They are to be 292 feet keel, 308 feet over all, 40-foot beam, and 24^ feet deep, with triple expansion engines and steel boilers', and are to be ready for the opening of navigation this year. Thomson & Taylor Spice Company. ^ocated at Michigan ave. and Lake st. This is one of the largest houses of its kind in the world, and its business of late has been growing immensely. The new building of the com- pany is a decided ornament to the grocery district. It is about ninety feet wide by 130 feet long, with light on three sides. It is seven stories high, giving a total height above ground of about eighty-five feet. Boilers and engine of 200 horse-power are located in the basement for driving the machinery throughout the building and the electric light plant. ^The coffee machinery occupies the top story and parts of the sixth and rifth. There are twenty-two roasters in one line, with coolers and stoners of corresponding capacity, and a most complete outfit for polishing, milling and separating green coffee in large quantities. The establishment is the most perfectly equipped of any in existence in the country, and is worthy of a visit from strangers. Union Stock Yards. Located on South Halsted st. ; in the former town of Lake, now within the corporate limits, about five and oce-half miles south- west of the City Hall. Take South Halsted st. horse car for yards direct, or Stalest, cable line with transfer at Thirty fifth or Forty-third st. Or take train at Van Buren st. depot, via Chicago, 'Rock Island & Pacific lailway; at Union Depot viaPittsburg and Fort Wayne railroad, or at Central Depot via Illinois Central railroad. The visitor will enjoy a drive to the yards by way of Bridgeport, a great manufacturing centre, or by way of Michigan bfvd. to Thirty-ninth st., and thence west. The Union-Stock Yards were organized and opened in 1865. The Stock Yards Company at the present time own 400 330 GUIDE TO CHICAGO. acres of land 320 acres in one block and eighty acres in outlying Jots. The larger tract is devoted to the stock yards; some 200 acres being devoted to yards, etc., while the balance is occupied by railroad tracks and car sidings Before you, as you enter the main arch way, is a town with twenty miles of streets, twenty miles of water-troughs, fifty miles of feeding-troughs and about seventy- five miles of water and drainage pipes. Besides the regular water works supply there are a number of artesian wells, having an average depth of 1,230 feet. The plant of the Union Stock Yards Company proper cost about $4,000,000. Present capital about $23,000,000. The plants of the various packing companies cost, it is estimated, in the neighborhood of $10,- 000,000. Statistical information covering the immense transactions of the Union Stock Yards is giv.en elsewhere in this volume. There the visitor will learn that during the year 1891, 3,250,359 cattle, a decrease from 1890 of 233,921; 205,383 calves, an increase over Ib90 of 30,358; 8,600,805 hogs, an increase over 1890 of 936,977; 2,153,537 sheep, a decrease from 1890 of 29,130; and 94,396 horses, a decrease from 1890 of 7,170, were received at the yards, the total value of which was $39,434,777. It will also be learned that of the above receipts there were slaughtered 2,184,095 head of cattle, a decrease from 1890 of 35,217; 157,052 calves, 5.638,291 of hogs, a decrease from 1890 of 94,791; and 1,465,332 sheep. The shipments of live stock from the yards were 1,066,264 cattle, a decrease from 1890 of 194,045; 48,331 calves, a decrease of 13,135; 2,962,514 hogs, an increase of 976,814; 688,205 sheep, a decrease of 241,649; 87,273 horses, a decrease of 7,089. Something more concerning this great market place and manufactur- ing center (for meats are numbered among the manufactures of Chicago) will be found elsewhere in this volume, under the head of "Live Stock Trans- actions." There it will be learned that seventy-five companies are engaged in the manufacture or packing of meats; that the capital employed is $17,000,000; that the workers employed are 25,000; that the wages paid in 1891 amounted to $15,000,000, an increase of $1,415,000; and that the value of the product during 1891 was $150,000,000, an increase of $12,725,000. This information, comprehensive though it is, will hardly satisfy the visitor however. He has heard of the great meat industry of Chicago for years, and he wants to know more con- cerning it than can be extracted from mere statistics. Meat packing is the oldest of Chicago's industries. In the fall of 1832 G. W. Dole slaughtered the first lot of cattle ever packed in the county. They numbered 200 head and cost $2.75 per cwt. About 350 hogs costing $3 per cwt. were slaughtered and packed at the same time. The statistics referred to above will show readily and graphically how this great industry has been developed. The Stock Yards to day are one of the wonders of the world. Twenty great trunk railroads, fed by hundreds of branches which stretch like a mighty octopus over the land, deliver and carry away the raw and manufactured articles which arrive at and depart from this spot. During the early morning the Western roadsare busy unloading their freight of cattle, hogs, and sheep, while in the afternoon the Eastern roads are equally busy taking delivery and loading up the stock that is going to Boston, New York and countless other points. At the packing houses the work goes on all day one train following another carrying away the finished product of the butcher and packer. The Stock Yards Company own all the railroad tracks (over 150 miles in all), and do all the switching or shunting connected with the business of the Yards. Every railroad company has a direct communication with the Yards, either THE ENCYCLOPEDIA. 331 through its own tracks or by the Belt line; at any rate, they can all get there without trouble, and no delays take place. The yards can accommodate, at their fullest capacity, over 30,000 cattle, 200.000 hogs, 30,000 sheep and 4,000 horses, and while at times they are taxed to their fullest limit, yet as a rule the stock is well and carefully looked after. As the trains come rolling in, th Company take charge of the stock; and its location, name of firm to whom consigned, with description, etc. are detailed in the office of the Company. How LIVE STOCK is RECEIVED. Practically speaking, all stock is con- signed to commission men, who at once take charge of it. Sometimes the cattle are left in the pens where they are placed on arrival; but, as a rule, salesmen have each certain localities in the Yards and endeavor to get all their cattle located in the same place. It may be said, before going further, that the yards are divided into pens. The cattle pens are in divisions, thus: Division A, pen 1; or division C, pen 20; while the hog pens are located at the railroad delivery points. Sheep have a separate location for themselves. The cattle pens are of different sizes, holding from one animal up to 300 or 400 head. As a rule, local, or what are termed native, cattle come in small lots, generally one or two cars at a time; while range cattle generally come in train-loads of twelve to fifteen cars. A car-load averages about twenty cattle, weighing 1,200 pounds each, or about 24,000 pounds to the car. The hog and sheep pens are covered in. Hogs weighing 250 pounds each run about seventy head to the car; while sheep are loaded according to weight, as they differ so much in quality. One hundred fair-sized sheep generally make a load. Each pen has a water trough, while in those devoted to cattle and sheep hay-racks are also provided. The cattle pens especially are exceed- ingly strong, the whole structure being of wood. The floors are of the same material, as it is most suitable to the climate. Alleys, well "macadamized," intersect the yards so that every pen is easily reached, while at convenient points the weighing scales, the feed store-houses, etc., are placed. On deliv- ery, the Stock Yards Company becomes responsible to the various railroad companies for the freight and feed that are due for each shipment. In turn, the owner, through his commission men, becomes bound for payment to the Stock Ylards Company. As it would be impossible to collect the "freight as every car comes in, a settlement of freight and feed charges is made twice a week; the commission men being obliged to put up a bond of $10,000 to secure the amounts that may accumulate. In this way matters run very smoothly. If the owner of the cattle has no bond up, he is obliged to pay the amount due before the stock is released; but so perfect is the system that no friction of any kind occurs, and the business in this resrect goes on from day to day without any trouble. Subjoined are the regulations and commissions of the market: Diseased meats are condemned. Sales, unless otherwise stated, per 100 Ibs. live weight. Dead hops, 100 Ibs. and over, VsC. per lh.; less than 100 Ibs. of no value. Broken-ribbed and bruised cattle, docked $5 per head. Public inspectors dock pregnant sows 40 Its. and stags (altered Jboars) SO Ibs. each. Yardage Cattle, 25c.; hogs and sheep, 8c. per head. Feed corn, $1 per bushel; timothy hay, $30; prairie hay, $20 per ton. Commissions Cattle, 50c. per head; calves and yearlings, $10 per car; hogs and sheep, single decks, J6; double decks, $10 per car; public inspection of hogs, 15c. per car. 332 GUIDE TO CHICAGO. The charges for yardage are moderate, but the price charged for feed is out of all proportion to market values, aud there is continual complaint upon this httter point. Four great parties meet, as it were, in communion every day at the yards the Stock Yards Company, with its array of employes; the owners of stock, drifting in from all points of the compass; the commission men, with their corps of clerks and assistants; and, lastly, the host of buyers who operate there. BUYING AND SELLING. Buying and selling goes on every day except Sunday, while Saturday has come to be looked upon as a sort of settling day for the week. While, of course, cattle come in at all hours of the day, it is the object of the railroads to land them in the Yards from four o'clock to eight in the morning. A very large number of the cattle c.ome out of first hands ; but the majority are consigned by dealers, who pick them up in small bunches in the country, except in the case of range cattle, which are practi- cally consigned by the owners. The hog market opens early, and is pretty well over by ten o'clock. There are scattering sales after that hour, but the majority of the work is finished at the above mentioned time. The sheep market is confined very much to the morning also, while trading in cattle, as a rule, opens about nine o'clock and goes on more or less up till three i>. M., when the whistle blows and business is suspended for the day. When it is considered that for the five active working days of the weekthereare received about 10,000 cattle a day, over aud above hogs and sneep, the gigantic nature of the business can be estimated ; but a man needs to be actually upon the spot to judge even approximately of how business is carried on. The Stock Yards Cotnpiuy employ about 1,000 men ; there are about 120 commission men, who must also employ about 1,000 assistants ; add to this about 800 buyers, and it can well be imagined that from eight o'clock in the morning till three in the afternoon the Stock Yards present a very active scene. There are, moreover, hundreds of owners who practically become interested specta- tors of the work as it progresses, while every day a great crowd of sightseers put in an appearance. The office-work is mostly confined to the Exchange Building, where the Stock Yards Company, the commission men, the rail- road companies, the buyers, etc., have suitable offices. A substantial bank also occupies a very handsome office in the same building. As soon as the cattle are delivered to the commission men, their work begins. Hay is immediately ordered for the cattle ; quantities of course vary, but as a rule prime cattle eat about five pounds each ; common cattle, seven and a half pounds, and range cattle get an allowance of ten pounds each. The water is turned into troughs, and if the cattle have been properly handled on the road, they take a good fill. Very often cattle have to be sorted and classed, and this, as a rule, is done before the water is turned into the troughs. As in other cattle markets, both at home and abroad, supply and demand regulate to a great extent the price, and when the buyer appears early on the scene it is pretty good evidence of an active market. QUICK WOIIK. In the decimal system of currency and weights, the process of buying and selling is very easy from a financial point of view. The commission man asks, say, $4 00 per hundred Ibs., the buyer bids $3.80 per hundred Ibs., and they eventually agree upon $3.90 per hundred as the price, then the remainder of the work is very simple. Shortly after the terms are agreed upon, the cattle are driven to the scale and weighed. Before they THE ENCYCLOPEDIA. 3do are run into the weighing pen, however, they are examined either by the buyer himself or his agent, to see that there are no broken-ribbed or bruised cattle. Cattle that are severely bruised are, as a rule, thrown out and sold separately, while animals with broken ribs are docked $5.00 per head as stated above. The weighing scale in general use is known as the "Fair- banks Live Stock Scale," and is an invention that has been of great value to American stockmen. These scales have capacity to weigh 100,000 Ibs., which at 2,000 Ibs. to the ton, is 50 tons; but, as a rule, they seldom weigh more than 60,000 Ibs. at a time. By this means an immense number of caltle can be passed over one scale in a day. The weighing beam of the scale is open to the public, and, as both the buyer and the seller have access to the room in which it is placed, no disputes ever arise as to weights. An oHicial ticket of the weight is issued by an employe of the Stock Yards, who also superintends the weighing, and by this means all disputes are saved. After the weight has been ascertained the cattle are run off the scale, and they become the property of the buyer. The commission man takes posses- sion of the scale ticket and hands it to his bookkeeper, who calculates the amount due, and collects immediately from the buyer. The large buyers have arrangements with tbe bank to cash their tickets as they are handed in, and thus all the trouble of writing cheques, etc., is saved. CLASSIFICATION OF CATTLE. The classes of cattle coming to market are pretty well defined. We have, first, the " exporters;" this includes cattle that are suitable for the Eastern markets as well as good enough to go to England, Second, the "dressed beef "steers, suitable for the dressed beef business. Third, " butcher stuff," composed of light steers and the better grade of cows. Fourth, " canners," which includes everything not good enough for butchering; and then as an extra class we have the " range" cat- tle, which are pretty well divided among the last three classes named. The movement of cattle is most entirely eastward. San Francisco.which IB a large market, draws quite a number of cattle from California and the adjoining States, but otherwise there is a continual movement toward the east. The movement begins at the Gulf of Mexico; the barren plains of Arizona, the sage brush valleys of Nevada and far Montana, all contribute and send forward their consignments. From those distant points the work of shipping is no easy matter. The various lines at suitable points have feed- ing-yards, where hay is supplied at three times its value. Cattle can be run from 300 to 500 miles without feed and water, but as a rule the feeding stations are generally placed about the former distance apart. Within the last year or two " Palace " stock cars have been introduced, and by this means cattle can be run practically any distance, as they are constructed to allow the animals to be fed and watered without unloading. What are known as the " Street " cars, built on this principle, have up to this time been tlie best produced, and they are likely to maintain their lead, as they can be divided into three compartments, which to a great extent prevents bruises. DISPOSING ov THE RECEIPTS. The cattle having reached Chicago are sold as described above. Those which arebrought for shipment are driven over to the shipping divisions, where they are loaded up and forwarded to their respective destinations. The dressed beef men generally allow their cattle to remain in the pens over night, and the next day after they are pur- chased they are driven over to the slaughter-houses. The alleys in the yards have become so crowded that during the last few years viaducts have been 334 GUIDE TO CHICAGO. constructed overhead, and along those the cattle and hogs are driven to the respective packing-Louses. The cattle having reached the point where they are made into dressed beef, a description of the methods by which three-fourths of the cattle sold in Chicago market reach the consumer may now be attempted. The dressed beef business in America was founded some twenty years ago. A few years later the work was taken up by the late Mr. George fl. Ham- mond, of Detroit, who may be termed the father of this business. He was a man of fine executive ability, and he built up through hisenergies a mag- nificent trade. He died, unfortunately, just when he had reached the zenith of his powers. Other partiestook up the business, and it has graduallygrown (figuratively speaking) from a grain of mustard-seed to a very large tree. Mr. T. Eastman, one of the largest live-stock shippers in America, branched off into this trade; Mr. Nelson Morris, well known to every cattle-man both at home and abroad, also took a hand; in 1880 Mr. G. F. Swift began upon a most extensive scale; while two years later Messrs. Arniour& Co. also commenced the business. We have now in Chicago four immenpecou- cerns viz.. Swift & Co., Armour & Co.. Hammond & Co., and Nelson Morris & Co. These firms, along with Libby, McNeill & Libby, buy a very large proportion of the cattle coming into our markets. SLAUGHTERING THE CATTI,E. The cattle on reaching the slaughter- house are driven into large pens adjacent to it; thence they are driven^ilong narrow passage-ways and are put into sepirate compartments by themselves. These compartments are just large enough to hold one bullock. Over them is a wooden foot-path, along which a man can walk; the animals are either shot down or felled from this point. Between the compartments and the slaughter-house is a lifting-door which slides up mechanically. A chain is passed around the horns of the animal and it is dragged into the main slaughter-house, after which, the animal is properly bled. Lifting pulleys worked by steam power are provided for hoisting each carcass while being dressed, and iron runs for moving the carcasses in halves or quarters from the hanging room to the chill-rooms. All the work in the slaughtering department is done by well trained experts, each one having a single division of labor to perform. For example, the hides are taken off the carcass by dif- ferent trained experts in such careful manner as to give them a value of about one cent per pound over the common butcher's hides; the guts are thoroughly cleansed and sold for sausage casings; the contents of the entrails are con- verted into fertilizing substances, which are sold in the older portions of the country where the lands have been long worn by successive crops; the livers, hearts, etc., are shipped with the beef to different markets, where they are sold to good advantage; the bladders are dried and sold to druggists and other parties; the stomach makes tripe; the tongues are always in demand at good prices; the horns are sold readily to the comb and knife-haft maker; the shin-bones are usually in good request for knife handles, and backs for tooth and nail brushes; the knuckle bones are similarly prepared for making acid phosphate, and have a fair commercial value for this purpose; the blood is all utilized for different commercial purposes; the ox-tail trade is now a regu- lar part of the traffic, as all the great hotels must have ox-tail soup at stated times; the heads, after being trimmed, are sold for glue stock; the fat taken from the inside of the bullock is made by a peculiar process into oleomarga- rine, which has to be sold under its proper name, and sells to fair advantage; THE ENCYCLOPEDIA. 335 neatsfoot oil is made from the feet, and the hoofs are ground and go in with the fertilizing substances, so that every part of the bullock is utilized. From the main slaughtering-house, which to a stranger is a sickening sight, the carcasses are taken along the iron runways into the refrigeratorg. There they cool off in a temperature of about 36 Fahr. Passing from the blood-stained floors of the butchering department to the other portions of the house, every one is struck witli the remarkable cleanliness of the establish- ment. There is not a speck of dirt. To this point the greatest attention is paid, and the meat and other products from these houses are handled with far more care than in the small slaughtering-houses in the country. From the coolers the carcasses are run out to the loading platforms, cut into quar- ters, and Mien put into refrigerator cars, which take the meat away and dis- tribute it far and near. A trip through the big slaughtering-houses is very interesting. The won- derful dexterity of the butchers, the mechanical inventions to help the work, the methodical system employed, the extreme cleanliness, and, above all, the rapidity and silence with which everything is done, strike a stranger very forcibly, and an impartial person who visits those great meat manufactories generally comes away convinced that American ingenuity in this respect " beats creation." PACKING COMPANIES. The great packing companies are as follows: Allerton Packing Company; Anglo American Provision Co.; Armour & Co.; Washington Butchers' Sons; Calumet Canning Co.; Chicago Packing and Provision Company; John Cudahy; Davis Provision Co.; Decker & Murath; L. B. Dowd & Co.; Horace M. Dupee; Ellsworth &Bartlet^ Fairbank Canning Company; Fowler Brothers; Garden City Packing and Preserving Company; Henry D. Gilbert & Co.; Guihman, Leppel & Co.; G. H. Hammond & Co.; John C. Hately; G. Hunniford & Co.; Hutchinson Packing Company; Inter- national Packing Company ; Jones & Stiles; Libby, McNeill & Libby ; Thomas J Lipton; Loss, Collins & Co.; Michener Bros. & Co.; Miller, Hendricks & Co. ; Minnesota Packing and Provision Co. ; Moran & Healey ; John Morrell & Co.; Nelson Morris & Co. ; Noonan & Hoff; North American Provision Co.; Omaha Packing Co.; John O'Malley; Simon Ffaelzer;E. K. Pond Packing Co.; Samuel Shoenman; William II. Silberhoru Co.; Swift & Co., and Under- wood & Co. Not all of these concerns transact their packing business at the Union Stock Yards, but all are closely allied to the great market. " BIG FOUR." The visitor will hear of the " Big Four" packers. These are Armour & Co., the Anglo- American Packing Co., Nelson Morris & Co., and Swift & Co. These are the greatest packers of the city, and it is the firms mentioned here who are engaged in the New Stock Yards enterprise. [See New Stock Yards.] THE EXCHANGE. Just inside the entrance to the Union Stock Yards is the Exchange building, where the visitor will find the offices and counting rooms of the men who practically transact the live stock business of Chi- cago. These are modestly styled commission men, but they are in reality mer- chants, and many of them are engaged very extensively in the cattle traffic, independently of their commission business. Others of them are packers themselves and buy outright from shippers. Others purchase for packing houses owned, controlled or managed by them elsewhere. The great major- ity, however, buy and sell on commission. 836 GUIDE TO CHICAGO. WHAT ONE FIRM DOEP. Some idea of the magnitude of operations at the stock yards may !>e formed from the following figures with reference to the great house of Armour & Co. vThe firm did a business amounting to $66,000.000 during the year ending April 1, 1891. The hogs killed by the house numbered 1,714,000 ; cattle, 712,000 ; sheep 413,000. Armour & Co.'s employes numbered during this period 7,900, and the aggregate wages paid was $3,800,000. The firm had 2,250 refrigerator cars. The total area covered by the buildings of the firm was fifty acres ; total floor area of build- ings, 140 acres; chill room and cold storage area, forty acres; storage capacity of buildings, 130,000 tons. The Armour Glue Works made 7,000,000 Ibs. of glue within the same period, 9,500 tons of fertilizers, grease, etc. The ground covered by the buildings of this department cover fifteen acres, and the number of employes is 600. During the' year 1890 Mr. Michael Cudahy separated from the house of Armour & Co. Mr. Cudahy took charge of his immense interests at Omaha. The other members of the so-called "Big Four," as well as many of the packing concerns not included in the quartette, also do an immense business annually, as the total transactions of the yards testify. CLAY, ROBINSON & Co. In connection with the live stock industry too much can not be said of this most popular and reliable firm. They occupy prominent quarters in the new Bank Building at the Union Stock Yards, and also have well equipped offices at the Stock Yards, South Omaha. They are also represented by agents in Kansas City, where, with a full and able equip- ment of capable men, they can make the best possible sales for their patrons. They are prepared to handle all classes of live stock at any of the above points. During th^ past year they have sold upwards of 250,000 head of cattle, in addition to a very large number of hogs and sheep. This firm, realizing the neces-sity of some specially prepared report on the live stock markets, commenced about one year ago the issuing weekly of Ihe Live Stock Itcjwrt, which they send to their patrons and customers free of cost. A paper which every feeder, breeder and shipper should not be without, its columns being devoted entirely to the live-stock industry and containing much valuable information not olherwise obtainable. This enables them to keep a complete run of the market and to know when 1o ship to best advantage and get the best prices. To others they will send their paper for the small charge of 50 cents per annum, which can be remitted in postage stamps or money order. In addition to The Refx>rt they will also send to each subscriber one of two beautifully-colored lithographs of English hunting scenes, especially prepared for the holidays. Address Clay, Kobinson & Co., Union Stock Yards, Chicago, 111. Wood Brothers. The firm of Wood Bros., live stock commission mer ehants, doing business at the Union Stock Yards, Chicago, and established in the year 1867, when the live stock interest of Chicago was comparatively in its infancy. With the growth of the business here, the firm of Wood Bros have done a constantly increasing business, and at the present time are the largest handlers of live stock on commission in Chicago. They are also doing a leading business in South Omaha. The present members of the firm are 8. E. Wood, James Wood, E. A. Wood and R. Nash, each of whom have been exclusively engaged in this line for over twenty years. This firm, per- haps, has a more general business than any firm at the stock yards; in other words, they receive stock from all sections of the country tributary to the s a n ,- O O O "\ 7 d O S n 25 Q 3 THE ENCYCLOPEDIA. 337 Chicago market, and make a specialty of every class, having their business so systematized that each class of stock is handled by separate and expert sales- men. By this means they have been able to give the very best results to their patrons, and by promptness, enterprise and constant attention to all the details of their business, have been enabled thus to build up their trade to its present proportions. They number among their patrons some of the largest raisers and feeders of stock in the United States, and in the year 1891 sold for one company the Home Land & Cattle Co., of St. Louis about 14,000 head of beef steers. All parties, whether shipping small or large quantities, will receive uniform courtesy and attention, and their interests will be carefully protected. SIGHTS IN PACKING TOWN. When the visitor, all new to the wonders of the yards and packing town, gets inside of the main entrance his ignorance betrays him. He loiters about and exposes himself to the guide. The guide is a walking directory of the stock yards and he will place his entire stock of knowledge at your disposal for 25 cents. He is one of the few persons who have mastered the names of all the "streets" and "avenues," for every crooked and narrow passageway between the big brick buildings is either a street or an avenue. The main thoroughfare is Packers ave. The guide leads the visitor first to the gallery adjoining the Exchange restaurant. If he does not get a few exclamations of delight and surprise out of the visitor when they mount the gallery then he feels discouraged and loses interest in his job. This gallery overlooks the great checker-board within the squares of which there are swarms of cattle; "herds" is not the word to use, for there are too many. To the west are the packing houses, palaces of refined butchery. From the packing houses comes an odor, a plainly perceptible odor, which is rather disagreeable at first. This packing town odor has been unjustly criticised. It is unpleasant only on short acquaintance. Toany one accustomed to it there is only a pleasant suggestion of rich, ruddy blood and long rows of tempting " sides " hung up to cool. The stock-yards atmos- phere is healthful. The average weight of a packing-house employe is about a hundred and eighty pounds. "Nick" Baker, who kills 5,000 hogs every day for Armour, weighs 250 pounds. The only man around the yards who does not seem to gather adipose is George T.Williams, manager of the Union Stock Yards. His figure is rather spare. It is said that if he would lenghten his office hours his weight would soon approach that of George Sunder) and. The latter is autocrat of the great Armour packing houses, and perhaps the best known and one of the most popular men in packing town. Twenty years of business responsibilities such as would have reduced an ordinary man to a mere shadow have failed to deposit a single wrinkle on Mr. Sunder- land's placid features. He spends most of his time out of doors, sitting on the office steps. Every few minutes a messenger boy rushes up to him and hands him some communication involving, perhaps, the purchase of 5,000 animals " on the hoof," or the loading of 150 refrigerator cars. Mr. Sunder- land writes a few words on the back, of the message afte* he has glanced at the contents. For beim? able to always write the proper thing Mr. Suuder- land receives a salary which it would take five figures to indicate. He is on friendly terms with all of the thousands of men under him and is altogether unpretentious in manner and dress. In a little office back of the Exchange buil ling Nelson Morris has his headquarters. He is an inveterate whittler. The floor of his office is literally carpeted with fine shavings, and a number 338 GUIDE TO CHICAGO. of white-pine sticks are always neatly corded up on his desk. It is a com- mon saying around the yards that the shipper who is on hand at the office early in the morning with a good straight-grained stick will get his cars out first. When the millionaire packer is dictating to his private secretary'or issuing important orders he whittles somewhat furiously and cuts his notches deep. Every notch represents several dollars. A pleasant-faced old gentle- man with silvery hair rides horseback up and down the principal " streets " of the yards each day. He is on the lookout for crippled or " lumpy- jawed " animals, and is the agent of the State Live stock Commission. Thi^is Captain McDonald, for many years assistant warden of the Joliet penitentiary. He still carries a scar given him by the notorious desperado Frank Rande, and has a knowledge of " crooks " such as only few men in the country can claim. After years of experience with tough mortals he finds it rather to his liking to do some humane work among the more appreciative occupants of the stock-yards" pens." There is one particular guide at the stock yards fre- quently pointed out as an extremely interesting fellow. This is " Old Bill," the bunko steer. He is perhaps the most depraved animal in existence. There is no element of brotherly love or patriotism in his nature. His duty at the yards is to guide droves of cattle to the slaughter houses. He has mastered his little act and reduced steering steers to a science. Every day he takes his post near one of Armour's packing houses and waits until it is necessary to drive a herd of cattle up the viaduct to the killing-rooms. Ho then joins the drove, ingratiates himself into their good-will, and tells them that he knows of a good pasture not far away. At his suggestion the cattle think about it and finally resolve to let him lead them there. Bill, the bunko steer, laughs softly and a cruel look lights his eyes. He lopes off through the mud toward a large gate not far away. Following after him are a hundred or more cattle, every one entertaining a vision of gently-swelling kills covered with long, wavy blue-grass and sweet-clover blossoms. Bill leads them to this gate and allows the herd to go through it, while he steps aside and avoids the rush. As the dust of the rush clears off a little a familar figure is observed slowly strolling away from the gate. It is "Bill." On his face is no remorse as he saunters back to his post of duty near a tall fence. He is then ready to betray a couple hundred more of his unsuspecting relatives. W. W. Kimball Company. The great piano and organ factories of the W. W. Kimball Company are among the attractions of Chicago, and will interest the visitor about as much as any that can be poiLted out. The build- ings composing the factories are three in number, each being a counterpart of the other, five stories high, with a frontage of eighty feet and a depth of 250 feet. Together they have a floorage of over 300,000 square feet. They are located oh the Chicago river, and near the junction of two railroads, with a private switch leading into the premises. The grounds comprise over seven acres of land, the most of which is used as a lumber yard. The company have some 4, 000, 000 square feet of lumber on hand. The six large dry-houses hold 150,000 square feet. As soon as the lumber is sufficiently dried it is placed on little cars made expressly for that purpose, and wheeled directly into the mill-room, where it is cut up into proper shapes for both pianos and organs. For this purpose the company have all the latest improved machines. The work is divided between the three factories, the organs being made in one, while the others are devoted exclusively to pianos. All the mill work, THE ENCYCLOPEDIA. 339 however, is done in the organ factory. These factories give employment to six hundred men. Each factory is divided by a thick fire-wall into three parts. The company is now shipping about 100 pianos every week, or about 5,000 per annum, and about 12,000 organs a year. Permission to visit the factories may be obtained at the Wabash avenue salesroom. The new Kimball building on Wabash avenue is one of the finest edifices for the purpose in the country. It has a frontage of eighty feet, is seven stories high, and is built of chocolate-colored brick, with brown-stone trim- mings. All the walls are deadened and all the floors double, with cement filling and air-chambers between. No expense has been spared to make this one of the strongest and most durable buildings of its kind. The ware-rooms and offices occupy the first floor; Kimball Hall, with two rooms adjoining for the exhibition of Concert and Baby Grands, occupies the second floor. "The hall has a seating capacity for about 600 people, but it is so arranged that the two rooms devoted to the sale of grands can be used to enlarge the hall by means of folding doors, which will double the seating capacity. The five floors above are furnished for offices and studios, frontaud back, for the use of musicians, teachers, artists, etc. There are upwards of fifty of these rooms, the most of which are already engaged. The hall and ware-rooms are ventilated by a special system of exhaust ventilation, oy means of which every particle of air can be changed every fifteen minutes. The temperature is controlled by an electric apparatus, which acts automatically and can be adjusted so as to furnish any degree of heat required. All of the elevators are run by steam or water and the building is lighted throughout by incandescent lights. The latest improvements of all kinds in every department have been used, and every detail carefully attended to in order to make this a model structure. Location of building, 243 to 253 Wabash ave. near Jackson st. HOSPITALS AND DISPENSARIES. The hospitals of Chicago are numerous, the system under which they are conducted, as a rule, is liberal, their management is admirable, and their charity is Catholic in its scope. The visitor or stranger in this city if stricken down by accident or disease need not fear but that he will be cared for with the same solicitude and tenderness that he would find at his own home, no matter what his nativity or his creed may be, or whether he be rich or penni- less. The hospitals of Chicago never close their doors upon the stranger. Public, private, protestant, Roman Catholic and Jewish institutions alike are open to men, women and children in distress, without question, and, when there is a necessity for it, without price. There are thirty-five patrol wagons in the police service, every one of which is equipped as an ambulance, and is used as such in case of emergency. One or more of these may be summoned to the scene of an accident, or to the relief of a striken person, within the space of ten minutes from almost any given point in the city. In addition to the patrol ambulance service, there are two regular ambulances, built espe- cially with a view to the comfort of afflicted or injured persons, and this num- ber will in all probability be increased to twenty -five before the Worlds'Expo- sition is held here. To Miss Ada C. Sweet belongs the honor of originating 340 GUIDE TO CHICAGO. the regular ambulance service in this city. Those who need medical attend- ance aud medicine, and find themselves unable to meet the cost of the same, will be provided for at the various dispensaries mentioned below. The hos- pitals and dispensaries of the city are as follows: Ditpensaries. ALEXIAN BROTHERS' HOSPITAL, Pharmacy, 539 N. Market st. AMERICAN COLLEGE OF DENTAL SURGERY, 78-80 State st. ARMOUR MISSION, Thirty-third st., se. cor. Butterneld st.; open daily (Sundays excepted) from 9 to 11 A. M. BENNETT FREE DISPENSARY, Ada and Fulton sts. ; Supt., H. S. Tucker, M. D.; attended by the Faculty of the Bennett Medical College; open daily (Sundays excepted) from 1 :30 to 3 p. M. BE- THESDA FREE MEDICAL MISSION, 406 Clark st. ; under care of W. C. T. U. ; open every day, except Saturdays and Sundays, from 3 to 5 p. M. CENTRAL FREE DISPENSARY of West Chicago, Wood and W. Harrison sts.; attended by the Faculty of Rush Medical College; Medical Superintendent, Philip Adolphus, M. D.; office hours, 9 to 12 A. M., and 1 to 6 p. M.; Sundays, 9 to 10:30 A. M. CENTRAL HOMOEOPATHIC, S . Wood and York sts. ; attended by the Faculty of the Chicago Homoeopathic College; Superintendent, Curtis M. Beebe, M. D.; open daily (except Sundays) from 9 to 12 A. M., and 2 to 4 p. M. CHICAGO CLINIC ASSOCIATION, open daily, from 3:30 to 4:30 p. M.; room 215, 70 State st. CHICAGO COLLEGE OP DENTAL SURGERY, 122 Wabash ave.; open daily from 9 A. M. to 4 p. M.; Supt., N. D. Edmonds, M. D., D. D. S. CHICAGO HOSPITAL FOR WOMEN AND CHILDREN, Paulina and W. Adams sts.; open every day except Sunday. CHICAGO POLYCLINIC DIS- PENSARY, 176 Chicago ave.; open 8:30 A. M. to 6 P. M. daily. CHICAGO SPECTACLE CLINIC, 70 State st., room 209; open 9 to 10 A. M. ; Dr. Fannie Dickinson, surgeon in charge. GERMAN HOSPITAL, 754- 756 Larabee st. ; attended by J. Hcelscher, M. D., and hospital house physicians; hours 9 to 12 A. M. and 2 to 4 p. M., except Sun- day. HAHNEMANN COLLEGE FREE DISPENSARY, 2813 Groveland ave.; attended by the faculty of Hahnemann Medical College; open all day. ILLI- NOIS EYE AND EAR INFIRMARY, 121 S. Peoria st.; open daily (except Sunday) from 1 to 3 P. M.; Supt., E. C. Lawton. LINCOLN STREET DISPENSARY (Women's Medical College), 335-337 S. Lincoln st.; open from 2:30 to 5 p. M. MICHAEL REESE HOSPITAL FREE DISPENSARY, Groveland ave., ne. cor. Twen- ty-ninthst. NATIONAL TEMPERANCE HOSPITAL, 3411 Cottage Grove ave.; open from 10 to 12 A. M. and 2 to 4 p. M.; NORTH STAR, 192 Superior st.; Supt. , E. J . Broughan, M. D. ; open daily (except Sunday) 1 to 2 p. M. NORTH- WESTERN COLLEGE OF DENTAL SURGERY, 1203 Wabash ave.; openfromSA.M. to 6 P. M. SOUTH SIDE FREE DISPENSARY, Prairie ave. and Twenty-sixth st. ; open daily 1 to 3 p. M.; attended by the faculty of Chicago Medical Col- lege. ST. LUKE'S FREE DISPENSARY, 1420-1430 Indiana ave.; open daily from 12 M. to 4 P. M. WEST SIDE FREE DISPENSARY, in College of Physi- cians and Surgeons, 315 Honore and W. Harrison st. ; open daily (except Sun- day) from 1 to 5 p. M.; Pres., S. A. McWilliams, M.D. WOMAN'S HOSPITAL OF CHICAGO, Rhodes ave., nw. cor. Thirty-second St.; open daily (except Sunday) from 2 to 4 P. M. YOUNG WOMEN'S CHRISTIAN ASSOCIATION (for women and children), 39 Rowland blk.; open Monday and Friday from 12 M. to 1 P. M ; Supt., Dr. Odelia Blinn. Alexian Brothers' Hospital. Located at 539 to 569 North Market street. Take North Market street car. Conducted by the order of Cellites or Alexian Brothers; Brother Phillip Krainer, rector. A Roman Catholic hospital which THE ENCYCLOPEDIA. 341 admits all creeds and classes. The hospital is conveniently situated. The buildings are large and handsome. The care taken of patients is unexcelled anywhere. Augustana Hospital. Located at 151 Lincoln ave. Take Lincoln ave. cable line. Conducted by the Swedish Evangelical Lutheran Churches. Surgeon in-chief, Dr. A. J. Ochsner, a commodious structure and a hospital of high standing. Bennett Hospital. Located at the corner of Ada and Fulton sts. Take Lake street car. President, P. L. Clark, M. D.; resident physician, secretary and treasurer, H. S. Tucker, M. D. A hospital of the smaller order. Chicago Emergency Hospital. Located at 192 E. Superior street. Take North Clark street cable line. Conducted under the auspices of an associa- tion of Christian ladies. Its object is to care for persons suddenly stricken, and who can not be removed to the regular hospitals without risk of life. Matron, Mrs. F. Birkner. Physicians, Drs. Chr. Fenger and Ralph Isham. House doctor, Dr. O. Waters. Chicago Hom&opathic Hospital. Located at the corner of South Wood and York sts. Take Ogden ave. or W. Taylor st. car. C. T. Hood, Jr., M. D., superintendent. Chicago Floating Hospital. Located at North Pier, Lincoln Park. Take North Clark street cable line. Open only during July and August. [See "Chicago Daily News Fresh Air Fund," under head of "Charities."] Presi- dent, Joseph Stockton; treasurer, George Sturges. Chicago Hospital for Women and Children. Located at the northwest corner of West Adams and Paulina sts., West side. Mrs. J. C. Hilton, presi- dent; Mrs. Geo. Oberne, secretary; Mrs. Henry Wilkinson, treasurer. Take Madison st. or Ogden ave. cable car. This is one of the handsomest charity structures in the city. It was founded in 1865, and was destroyed in the great fire of 1871. Its founder was a woman and a physician, Dr. Mary Harris Thomp- son, who is still at the head of its surgical and medical staff. Its beginning grew out of the philanthropic work done during the war by the ladies of JChicago among the soldiers and their families. The fiist building occupied was a small, old-fashioned house at the corner of Rush and Indiana streets. This was opened in May. The following May they removed to a larger building on Ohio street, near Clark. Here they remained three years and three months, and then made another move to 402 North State st., which was purchased by two trustees, Mr. Gilbert Hubbard and J. Y. Scammon, for its use, where the great fire of 1871 overtook them, laying the building in ashes. The perils under which the patients, twenty-two in number, suffered that night are still remembered by the survivors. A tent was erected on the prairie, in which the officers and their charges remained until the morning of October 10, when Dr. Thompson, who had been searching for a nouse, returned with the news that she had found one on the West Side. The patients were hurried away from their uncomfortable quarters to the hastily arranged hospital, a three-story dwelling on West Adams st. The Relief and Ai'd Society came at once to their rescue, and the entire building was fitted up in a rude way and filled from garret to cellar with women and children, victims of the conflagration . There had been enormous barracks constructed for the temporary assistance of the thousands of homeless people by the II lief and Aid Society, nnd they finally decided that this hospital must come with these barracks, that more good might be done with the money 342 GUIDE TO CHICAGO. accessary to support it separately. The hospital was thus again disunited. After a few weeks' trial of this consolidation the hospital ladies were informed that they must again assume charge of their patients, and gave them out of the relief fund $25,000 for the purchase of a prominent site for their institu- tion. With this they bought the lots at Paulina and Adams sts. , 150x130 feet, on which stood a small wooden building. This was raised and remodeled at an expense of $3,000. The hospital occupied the remodeled dwelling on Adams st. until 1883, when Dr. Thompson determined upon a new one, so sufficiently commodious that no worthy sufferer need be turned away for lack of room. The building was at once begun, and was ready for occupancy in December, 1886; and it is now free of debt and valued, together with its grounds, at something over $100,000. It is five stories and basement and constructed of brick and stone. The entire force within its walls, with the exception of the engineer, fireman and janitor are women. The expenses of the institution are met by voluntary contributions from the philanthropic, not only in Chicago, but from all over the land wherever its good works are known, and by receipts from paying patients, who frequently come from distant homes to avail 1 hem- selves of its superior advantages for treatment and perfect nursing. There are eighty beds, of which twenty are in private rooms. There is a training school attached, and here their nurses are prepared for the important and delicate duties before them. Dr. Thompson has not resided in the hospital since the fire, but has always been at the head of its medical and surgical staff, She also retains entire charge of the gynecological ward. There are six attending physicians and six physicians on the dispensary staff. The consulting staff are fifteen of Chicago's ablest city physicians. Cook County Hospital. Situated between Wood, Harrison, Lincoln and Polk streets, West Side. Take Ogclen avenue, Taylor street, or Van Buren street car. Oae of the largest public hospitals in the world. It is conducted under the management of a Warden, appointed by the County Commission- ers. The visitor will be much interested by a walk through the spacious wards and corridors of this immense institution. The Cook County Hospital was established in 1865, though it did not begin its work until January, 1866. Previous to that time the city had been accustomed to board its sick at Mercy Hospital. But in January, 1866, it fitted up two wards in the old City Hos- pital, at the corner of Eighteenth and Arnold sts., and moved to them twelve patients from Mercy Hospital. These wards were soon filled and additions to the building were erected. But very soon these also were overcrowded, and in 1876 the institution was removed to its present location, at the corner of West Harrison and Wood sts. The new buildings, which were not all erected at the same time, consist now of a long administration building of imposing appearance, and a pavilion of four wards, and a wing of three wards on each side of it, withgenerousspaces between all these buildings.conducing greatly not only to their appearance, but to the light, ventilation and comfort of the wards. They are situated on a lot containing twelve acres of ground. In the administration building are the main office, the examining-room for patients, the drug store, the office of the custodian, the office for coroner's inquests, theoffices of the warden, theregistrar, the chief clerk, the hospital committee, and the medical board, and the private apartments of warden, in- ternes and druggist. In the rear of this building is the instrument-room, the office of the training school for nurses, and the amphitheatre. The buildings taken together constkutealmost a village in themselves. It has an immense laun- dry, a kitchen that turns out 4,000 pounds of bread a week, a large drug store, a THE ENCYCLOPEDIA. 343 grocery store and its own carpenters, painters, steamfitters and plumbers. It always contains 500 patients and 200 physicians, nurses and employes. The kitchen has in connection an ice house holding forty tons of ice. The wards are fourteen in number, and of these, three are male medical, five are male surgical, one is female medical and two female suigicaJ, in addition to one obstetrical ward and one ward for children. The pavilion wards are very large, being 120 feet long by thirty in width. They are lighted by windows on each side and contain a row of beds on each side. There are in each of them about forty-t wo beds. The wing wards are 46 by 15 feet in size and contain about thirty beds. They are lighted by windows on three sides. Every ward has in connection with it a bath-room, a nurse-room, a linen-room, a kitchen and dining-room. The surgical wards have also operating rooms. The beds are all of iron, with woven wire springs. The floors of the wards arc of Georgia pine and the floors of the corridors are paved with tiles. The organization of this vast establishment is large enough for many a city. The officers now are, John J. Phelan, warden; Dr. Louis J. Mitchell, registrar; T. W. Corkell, chfef engineer; John J. Mahoney, custodian; Dr. D. P. Rus- sell, druggist, and Miss Virginia S. Field, superintended of nurses. The medical attendance is furnished by three large medical boards, one for the allopaths, one for the homoeopaths and one for the eclectics, and each board is divided into corps of surgeons, physicians, gynaecologists, oculists, aurists and pathologists. In like manner there is a house staff for the allopaths, another for the homoeopaths and another for the eclectics, and each staff is divided into surgical officers and medical officers. High over all these officials are the hospital committee, consisting of J. W. Reilly, chairman, J. T. Kelly, N. A. Cool, O. D. Aller and P. F. Maloney, who have fine apartments and are treated with wonderful respect at the hospital. During the six mouths end- ing January 1, 1889, there were received and treated 3,255 cases, and during the six mouths ending July 1, 1889, 3,903 cases, showing an increase of 648. As there were 435 patientspresenton January 1, 1889, and 488 on July 1, 1889, the number in the hospital during the two periods respectively was 3,690 and 4,391. So that, as large as the institution is, it is only a matter of time when its vast accommodations will have to be increased to keep pace with the grow- ing wants of the city. German Hospital. Located at 754-756 Larrabee street, North Side. Take Larrabee street car. President and treasurer, F. F. Hemming; secretary, JohnC. Burmeister; surgeon-in-chief, Dr. Christian Fengar; physician-in- chief, G. Haesert, M. D. This is one of the leading though not the largest hospitals in the city, and is supported by an association of citizens of Ger- man birth and descent. German Hospital. Located at 754-7^6 Larrabee street, North Side. Take Lincoln ave. street car. President and treasurer, F. F. Henning; secre- tary, John C. Burmeister; surgeon-in-chief, Dr. Christian Fenger; physuian- in-chief, G. Hessert, M. D. This is one of the leading though not the" largest hospitals in the city, and is supported by donations and an association of citi- zens mostly of German birth and descent. Harinemann Hospital. Located at 2813-2815 Groveland ave. Take Cot- tage Grove ave. cable line. This hospital is established for the homoeopathic treatment of medical and surgical diseases. It is the only exclusively homoeo- pathic hospital in Chicago. It is a private institution and wholly under con- 344 GUIDE TO CHICAGO. trol of its Board of Trustees and Medical Staff. It is open for the reception of patients at all times during the year and takes all classes except con- tagious diseases. It has a resident physician, a surgeon, a corps of trained nurses and a staff of- eminent visiting physicians. Clinics for the treatment of charity patients by specialists in charge of the different departments are held. Women are received for confinement. Pay patients may enter at any time. Charity cases are received from September to May, and may enter two weeks before confinement. Board, nursing and attendance may be obtained for from nine to twenty-five dollars per week, according to accommodations demanded. Hebrew Hospital. Jewish residents of Chicago have in hand the creation of a hospital on the West Side, with a dietary system, strictly in accordance with the orthodox Jewish law. It is said that many people of the faith are deterred from entering other hospitals by fear that the treatment prescribed may interfere with rabbinical laws. The hospital will probably be estab- lished this year. Maurice Porter Memorial Free Hospital. Located at 606 Fullerton ave. Surgeons, Thurman W. Miller, M. D., W. S. Belfield, M. D. Superinten- dent, Miss E. C. Culler. Also Physicians, Dr. Chas. Rutter and Dr. W. 8. Christopher. Linruen Hospital. Formerly known as "The Maternity Hospital." Located at 1619 Diversey avenue. It is now a public hospital. At one time the hospital was a private institution under the management of Dr. Sven- Windrow, but the idea of making it a free hospital for the benefit of strangers in this country, especially those of Scandinavian parentage, was finally sug- gested. It was favorably received and then earned out. The idea of the projectors of the new institution is to make of it a place where the poor of any nationality can be treated for all diseases. The building is a five-story structure and it has accommodations for thirty-four patients. Formerly only those who needed the advice and attention of a midwife were admitted, but the plans have now been changed. Miss Anna Malmquist, matron. Mercy Hospital. Located on Twenty-sixth st. and Calumet ave. Take Cottage Grove ave. cable line to Twenty-sixth st. Conducted by the Sisters of Mercy. Medical and Surgical attendance by the faculty of the Chicago Medical College, which is located on the Hospital grounds. [See Northwest- ern University.] The oldest and one of the largest of existing hospitals. This splendid institution was organized in 1851. The leading medical men of Chicago had opened in 1850 the Lake House, a hospital which they sty led The Illinois General Hospital of the Lakes. The city at that time had a pop- ulation of about 30,000. It was supplied with water by an engine and pump at the foot of Lake st. Chicago previous to this time had neither sewer nor water. The city authorities were making a three-cornered plank sewer on Clark (then spelled Clarke) st. To call attention to sanitary improvements, Dr. N. S. Davis, who has been connected with the hospital ever since, gave six lectures, from the proceeds of which, together with some donations, twelve beds were purchased. Finding that the hospital was not conducted to their liking, the doctors asked the Sisters of Mercy to take charge of it, which they did. They at once doubled the number of beds, and the hospital soon occu- pied half of the Lake House building. The hospital passed entirely into the hinds of the Sisters. For a short time it occupied another structure called THE ENCYCLOPEDIA. 345 the Tippecanoe House, a poorly built and badly arranged affair, from which location it was removed to a building erected by the Sisters for an Orphan- age. After several years it was removed to a fine edifice erected for a young ladies' seminary. In 1869 the corner-stone of .the present hospital building was laid. The site was purchased in Mother Agatha O'Brien's time, with the first money laid up by Mother M. Vincent McGeir, when in charge of the old hospital. As Bishop Vandevelde, then in charge of this diocese, had peculiar views regarding the propriety of a religious order pos- sessing property in common, the purchase was made through the agency of a friend. It cost six hundred dollars. The above facts are gathered from a chapter in "Leaves from the Annals of the Sisters of Mercy," written by " a member of The Order of Mercy" (Sister Mary Teresa Austin Carroll) who, upon referring to the original cost of the site, adds: "It is now (1880) worth two hundred thousand dollars! " The probability is that the site is much more valuable to-day than it was in 1889, as it embraces one of the finest blocks, fronting on two of the handsomest avenues in the Southern part of the city. The building erected in 1869, to which additions have since been made, was looked upon at the time as being a magnificent structure. It is a fine edifice, even in the present age of wonders in Chicago architecture, but it has long since ceased to meet the requirements of the sisters. The hospital, always popu- lar, has had a steadily increasing patronage for the past ten years,and the sisters have been compelled to exercise all their ingenuity to care tor the great num- ber v h > have sought admission. The Sisters at one time cared for the county patients. [See Cook County Hospital.] The medical and surgical departments of the hospital are referred to elsewheie. It is hardly possible to say anything that would be new to the public regarding the Sislers of Meicy as nurses of the sick. Their unselfish devotion, their fearless regard of duty, on the field of battle or in the midst of a plague-stricken community; their gentleness of touch, their patient assiduity in the care of the old and the young, the poor and the rich, the resident and the stranger, have long attracted the attention and the admiration of people, Protestant and Jew as wel) as Roman Catholic, the world over. The Sisters of Mercy Hospital, in this city, have brought thousands back from the brink of the grave, and composed the minds of thousands more for the inevitable end. They have won the affectionate regard and the most exalted respect of the best people of the community, and no institution in Chicago stands higher than the hospital which they manage. The building has become too small for them. It is not the structure their great work of christain love and charity demands, and it is probable that in the near future either the entire site of the present hospital will be built upon, with the main building facing, Prairie avenue, or a new site, farther to the south, will be selected. The contiguity of the present site to the heart of the city, however, renders it most desirable. Michael Reese Hospital. Located at Twenty-ninth street and Groveland avenue; take Illinois Central train to Twenty-first street or Cottage Grove avenue cable line. This is one of the most praiseworthy institutions in the city, and is conducted under the auspices of the United Hebrew Charities, which also has under its charge and protection a training school for nurses, a dispensary, a library, an employment bureau, a relief society, a cemetery, and numerous auxiliary charities. The Executive Board for 1890-91 is as follows: Isaac Greensfelder, president; Herman F. Hahn, vice-president; Herman Schaffner, treasurer; Charles Hefter, financial secretary; Benja- 346 GUIDE TO CHICAGO. min J. Wertheimer, recording secretary; Boerne Bettman, Bernard Cahn, Morris Eiustein, Henry L. Frank, Bernard Mergentheim, Henry N. Hart, Henry Elkan. Emanuel Frankenthal, Jacob Rosenberg, Leo Fox, trustees; Francis E. Kiss, superintendent; S. Bartenstein, superintendent of Labor Bureau. All red tape is abolished in connection with this hospital, as arc regular visiting days at the relief rooms ; applicants are receivtd during all business hours of each day and during every business day in the year. Recently the capacity of the hospital, a fine building, has been greatly increased, the train- ing school for nurses established, and a children's ward added. Additional assistants have also been added to the hospital relief force. This hospital ranks among the best in the country, both in its internal arrangements and its medical staff. During the fiscal year of 1889-90 the Relief officers assisted, including adults and children, over sixty-five hundred persons, and a much larger number during 1890-91. Among recent bequests was that of $10,000 from the family of the'late Conrad Seiph, and $4,100 from others. Work- ing for the various charities and The Young Men's Hebrew Association, the West Side Ladies' Sewing Society, the North Side Ladies' Sewing Society, the West Side Ladies' Aid Society, the South Side Ladies' Sewing Society and the Young Ladies' Aid Society, all of which contribute largely toward their maintenance. The cemetery is located at Ridgelawn, in the suburbs, and has been beautified greatly of late. Sixty-one persons were buried there by the United Societies iu 1879. For the fiscal year of 1889-90 nearly $17,000 were expended for relief, some $13,500 of which was contributed by the vari- ous Hebrew congregations ; the general expenses of the hospital amounted to nearly $27,000, exclusive of over $15,600 expended upon permanent improve- ments. The total amount received by way of donations and subscriptions for relief, and for the hospital, amounted to $33,457.56. The receipts from pay patients, together with the amount of interest collected from the sinking fund, amounted to less than $14,000. The sum total in the sinking fund, of every kind and character belonging to the association, amounted to about $94,000. National Temperance Hospital. Located at 3411 Cottage Grove ave. Take Cottage Grove ave. cable line. Mrs. M. C. Baker, president ; Mrs. J. B. Payne, treasurer ; Linnie M. Ousley, M. D. Conducted under the auspices of the National Woman's Christian Temperance Union. Presbyterian Hospital of tJie City of Chicago. Location, Congress street, Hermitage avenue and Wood street. The Ogden avenue, Van Buren street, Harrison and Washington and Harrison and Adams street cars pass within a block of the hospital. While this institution is nominally Presbyterian, nevertheless it is conducted for the purpose of " affording surgical and medical aid and nursing to sick and desirable persons of every creed and nationality and color; and provides them, while inmates of the Hospital, with the minis- trations of the Gospel agreeably to the doctrine and forms of the Presbyterian Church.'' The officers are: Mr. George M. Bogue, president; Mr. Wni. A. Douglass, secretary; Mr. George W Hale, treasurer; H. B. Stehman, M. D., medical superintendent. The Hospital building proper is the largest and most handsome private structure of its kind in the city. Exclusive of employes, it has a capacity for 175 patients. The Maternity building contains fifteen beds, and the Convalescent Home, twenty beds. All of these depart- ENCYCLOPEDIA. 347 tnents are under one general management. During the past year nearly 2,000 patients have been treated, of which number more than forty per cent, were treated free of charge; and as many more received care for less than the actual cost of maintenance. There are at present sixty endowed beds, but this does not represent nearly the amount of work done by this great charity. Of the above number of beds, twenty-nine are permanently endowed; i. e., for each bed, the sum of $5,000 has been paid to the Hospital, which in turn invests the same and can use only the interest thereof for the support of the bed. For thirty-one of these beds $800 has been paid, which sum is expended in caring for one bed for one year. The nursing of the Hospital is under the management m and better facilities will be added during the coming year. The interest on $5,000 endows a free bed, and contributions are welcomed from all charitable people. 352 GUIDE TO CHICAGO. Woman's Hospital. Located at Rhodes avenue and Thirty-second street, South Side; take Cottage Grove avenue cable line ; chartered November 16, 1882. This corporation is a continuance of " The Woman's Hospital of the State of Illinois," and is perpetual. Officers: Mrs. J. B. Lyon, president ; Mrs. C. W. Greene, vice-president ; Mrs. A. J l . Vaughan, secretary; Mrs. V. D. Perkins, treasurer. It is specially devoted to the treatment of the diseases and accidents peculiar to women, irrespective of creed, color, or condition in life; to the clinical instruction of students of medicine; to the practical train- ing of nurses. The hospital does not treat all diseases; only those specially per- taining to women. Patients are of two classes: First, house-patients, those admitted within the Hospital, to reside until discharged; second, out-door patients, those who apply to the outdoor department for treatment at stated intervals. In connection with the hospital is a training school for nurses. The object of this department is to give young women a careful training in the nursing of women, particularly after surgical operations, in acute and chronic diseases peculiar to women, and in obstetrical cases. The number of patients treated annually is about 300 ; total receipts per year about $20,000, disbursements about the same. HOTELS. There are at present between fourteen and fifteen hundred hotels in the city of Chicago, including small and large, and houses of all grades, but excluding lodging houses, boarding houses and distinctively family hotels, where no transients are received. The united capacity of these hotels is esti- mated as 175,000. It is believed that they could, if pressed, accommodate 100,000 additional guests. But this will not be necessary. Numerous immense hotels are either projected or being constructed at the present time. The spring of 1893 will find Chicago ready with ample hotel accommodations for 500,000 guests. Neither the boarding houses, nor houses where furnished rooms may be rented, nor lodging houses, are considered here. Outside of the hptels there are eating houses or restaurants and cafes, with an esti- mated feeding capacity at the present time of 25,000 persons daily. The hotels of prominence in Chicago are as follows: Atlantic Hotel. Located on the corner of Van Buren and Sherman sts., opposite the Van Buren St. depot, and in the Board of Trade center. A hotel which, although not making any great pretentious as to style, has been pat- ronized during the past twenty years by thousands of the better class of Wes- tern merchants, commercial travelers and tourists. It is most conveniently situated. The hotel lies in the outer edge of the great wholesale dry goods, jobbing, hats and caps and boots and frbpes district and is within one-third of a mile of the leather, iron, agricultural implement and woolen warehouse cen- ters. Four blocks to the northeast lies the great retail and shopping district. The Board of Trade building is directly opposite the Atlantic Hotel's door; the postofflce is three blocks distant; five of the principal city banks are inside the same area, and the more important office buildings are less than five blocks away. Rates, $2.00 per day. Cummings Bros., proprietors. THE ENCYCLOPEDIA. 353 Auditorium Hotel. Situated on Michigan avenue and Congress street; occupies entire eastern half of the great Auditorium structure, "it is under the management of the Auditorium Hotel Company, J. H. Bresliu, of New York, president; R. H. Southgate, vice-president and manager. Take Wabash avenue cable line to Congress street. The hotel is but a short walk from the terminals of all the street car and railroad lines. The building which it occupies is the grandest on the continent, and was prepared to meet the requirements of a great high-class hotel without regard to labor or expense. Every one of the 400 guest rooms is finely furnished, while many are beautifully decorated. The furniture of this palatial hotel is in keeping with the surroundings. The culinary department and dining room (175 feet long) being located at the top of the structure, the hotel is entirely free from all disagreeable odors. The view from the dining room during meals is superb. [See "Auditorium Views."] On a clear day the shores of Wisconsin and Michigan are distinctly seen. The banquet hall is without a peer on the continent. The rotunda of the hotel is in itself worth a visit from strangers; supported by massive marble columns and decorated in the highest style of art, with Mosaic flooring, rich carvings and costly fittings, it is the grandest hotel office in the world. The Auditorium Hotel is the most fashionable in Chicago, and many of the most exclusive people in the city are its regular guests. The cuisine is pronounced unsurpassable. The banquet hall of the Auditorium hotel is probably the most magnifi- cent in the world. Briggs House. Located on Randolph st. and Fifth ave. , one of the oldest and most popular of the great hotels of the city. Its location is most cen- tral, being convenient to the wholesale as well as the retail districts of the city, the Board of Trade quarter, etc. The hotel is a stately structure and is admirably managed. Rates $2 and upward. Frank Upman, proprietor. Burke's European Hotel. Located on the south side of Madison between La Salle and Clark sts. , in the heart of the business center. This is a first- class house in every particular and is conducted to meet the demands of the traveling public. The great " Chicago Oyster House" restaurant is run in connection with it. Room and board separate. Cl. Brinkman, proprietor. Clifton House. Located on Monroe st. and Wabash ave., convenient to the retail center, railroad depots, street car terminals, etc. A family and commercial hotel combined. The hotel contains two hundred handsomely furnished rooms. Rates $2.50 to $3 per day. Woodcock & Loring, proprie- tors. Commercial Hotel. Located on the cor. of Lake and Dearborn sis., a hotel for the accommodation of country merchants and unpretentious visitors. Well managed and respectable. Rates $2 per day and upward. Continental Hotel. Located on Wabash ave. and Madison st., in the busi- ness center. Very popular with country shoppers and merchant buyers. Rates moderate. Mrs. Hannah Collins, proprietress. Oault House. Located on West Madison and Clinton sts. The leading hotel of the West Side. Very convenient to Union depot. This is one of the oldest hotels in the city. It is managed admirably and is popular with trav- elers and families. Rates $2 and upward. Rogers & Fall, proprietors. Gore's Hotel. Located at 266-274 8. Clark st. Conducted on the Ameri- can and European plans. A splendid building, handsomely furnished and centrally located. Stands well. Gore & Heffr on, proprietors. 354 GUIDE TO CHICAGO. Grand Pacific Hotel. Located on La Salle, Jackson and Clark sts. The Jackson st. front almost faces the Board of Trade. The Clark st. front faces the general postoffice. The La Salle st. front faces some of the immense office buildings in the Board of Trade center. The main entrances are on La Salle and Clark sts. The ladies' entrance is on Jackson st. This building was scarcely completed in 1871 when the great fire swept it out of existence in a single night, although its construction was almost wholly of iron, stone and glass. It was immediately rebuilt and opened to guests in June, 1873. Although acknowledged to be one of the fine&t hotels in the world when com- pleted, it has undergone many improvements since then. The principal inter- nal improvements consist of the introduction of a second passenger elevator, of the Crane hydraulic pattern; the entirely new system of electric lighting, operating thirty arc and nearly two thousand incandescent lamps; the thor- ough remodeling and refitting of the public closets in marble, brass and mahogany; the refitting of the exchange and bar; and the establishment of the Grand Pacific cafe and lunch room. During 1890 an addition of 100 guest rooms was made, greatly increasing the capacity of the hotel, which now contains over 900 rooms. Besides making the mentioned improvements in the hotel, its proprietors have causel the guests' parlors and chambers to be completely renovated, redecorated and refurnished, and the Grand Pacific Hotel is in a better condition than ever to offer every luxury and comfort that its guests may require. The following are the dimensions of the hotel and some of its principal rooms: Grand dining hall rf 137x62 feet; ladies' ordinary, 65x60 feet; ladies' parlors, 96x25 feet; grand corridor and prome- nade, 127x30 feet; cafe and lunch room, 137x56 feet; rotunda and office, 178x157 feet; exchange and bar, 161x118 feet; halls (Jackson and Quincy sts.), 315x12 feet; halls (Clark and La Salle sts.), 176x12 feet. The total frontage of. the Grand Pacific is over one thousand feet, and the building covers nearly an acre and a half of ground. The building contains 35,000 square feet of dimension stone, 30,000 square feet of rubble stone, 7,500,000 bricks, 8,500 yards of sand, 1,100 barrels of cement, 12,000 barrels of lime, 12,000 cubic feet f limestone, 40,000 cubic feet of sandstone, 596,000 square feet of pine flooring, 52,000 square feet of walnut and maple flooring, 82,000 linear feet of door and window casings, 237,000 square feet of inside blinds and shutters, 1,035 windows, 1,188 doors, 269 bath tubs and closets, 153,000 yards of plastering, 225,000 square feet of marble tile flooring, 7,500 square feet of slate tile flooring, 485 marble mantles, 8,500 square feet of polished plate glass. The gas fixtures include 37, 145 feetof gas-pipe, 532 chandeliers, employing 1,714 burners, and 905 bracket lights, employing 1650 burners. There are 31 electric arc lights and 850 incandescent lamps, 2,200 feet of speaking tubes, 28 mouth-pieces 49 miles of wire, 615 fire-alarm bells and 9 annunciators, containing 559 indicators. There are sub-offices and separate annunciators on every floor. There are 11,445 square feet of sidewalk, 1,821 square feet of area platforms and 1,215 linear feet of steps. The hotel con- tains nearly 38,000 yards of carpet. In, round numbers, the cost of the build- ing may be placed at $1,400,000; that of the furniture, $400,000, and the value of the ground (lease-hold) $1,600,000. The Grand Pacific Hotel is con- venient to every railroad office in the city, the majority of which are clus- tered within a distance of a block; it is within five minutes' walk of every principal bank, the insurance district, the great wholesale district, the retail store section, and is no more than half a block from every large grain n^j TfiE ENCYCLOPEDIA; 355 commission house in Chicago. It is near all the theatres and places of amusement, and cars leading to the churches, parks and boulevards constantly pass the door. Messrs. Drake, Parker & Co. are the proprietors and mana- gers. Hotel Brewort. Located on the north side of Madison, between La Salle and Clark sts. This is one of the best-known hotels in the city. Recently greatly enlarged. It is popular with travelers and merchant-buyers, being situated close to the wholesale and retail districts. Exclusively European. George N. Hubbard, proprietor. Hotel Drexel. Located at 3956 Drexel blvd. (entrance to Washington Park). A family hotel of high standing. Its situation is healthful and beautiful. Hotel Grace. Located on Clark and Jacksou sts., opposite the post- office. Conducted on the European plan. A splendidly furnished, high-class house. Edward Grace, proprietor. Hotel Wellington. Located on Wabash avenue and Jackson street. This hotel, although only known to the public for about one year is now recog- nized as one of the ultra fashionable hotels of .,the city. The hotel is magnifi- cently arranged, decorated and furnished in the highest style of art. It is conducted on the European plan, for the very highest class of patrons, those who are willing to pay for the best of everything. The cuisine is pro- nounced unequaled in the country. Its location unsurpassed, situated at the head of the Grand Boulevard System, still within four to six blocks of the Postoffice, Board of Trade, wholesale and retail center, theaters, etc. The building has 275 feet of south and west frontage, electric lights, steam heat and every modern improvement throughout the house. The rates at this hotel vary from $2.00 perday upward. Suites with baths from $3.50 upward. On the parlor floor great attention is paid to fine private party and banquet rooms. In fact every accomomdation for guests and every luxury that suggests itself or could be suggested by an inquiry into the management of the best hotels in the world, has been adopted here. The proprietors are the Gage Hotel Company, with Albert S. Gage, as president and general manager. Hotel Woodruff. Located on Wabash ave. and Twenty-first st. This is a first-class and almost an exclusive family hotel. It is beautifully situated aud well managed. The hotel has 100 rooms. Rates, $3 to $4 per day. J. W. Boardman & Co., proprietors. Hyde Park Hotel. Located at Lake ave. and Fifty-first st. An elegant family hotel, convenient to the South parks. One of the largest hotels in the city. C. F. Milligan & Co., proprietors. Leland Hotel. Located on the corner of Michigan blvd. and Jackson St., Lake front, facing the site of a portion of the World's Columbian Expo- sition. For many years this was known as the Gardner House, but not until its name and management were changed did it come to be reckoned among the great hotels of the city. Its location is charming, on one of the finest boulevards in the city, overlooking the majestic Lake Michigan and yet being within easy access of the entire business section, the railroad depots, street car terminals, retail stores, theatres, etc. Numerous improvements have been made both in the interior and exterior of the building from year to year, and they are still going on. An immense addition to the structure is among the latest of these. The sanitary condition of the hotel has received the 350 GUIDE TO CHICAGO. serious attention of the proprietor. The latest and best methods to insure the escape of all gases and offensive odors have been adopted, and the sewerage has been pronounced perfect. Recent alterations have made the house more beautiful than ever. The renovating and painting have been accomplished by experienced and competent artisans ; and the frescoing of all the halls, parlors and public rooms has been by the hand or under the eye of the famous Almini. The cuisine department has been supplied with new and improved ranges and all the latest and best utensils to insure wholesome and savory food of every kind. The dining room of the Leland is a large, well lighted, handsome, airy room, finished in the latest style. In the hallway leading to the dining room, between the hours of half past five and eight o'clock, an orchestra of six pieces is stationed to render music during dinner time. This is a feature that no other hotel in Chicago has for the enjoyment of its guests. The advantages are at once perceived of a sojourn at a hotel past which all the finest turnouts of a great city quietly but rapidly drive. From the front of the Leland its inmates may, without the slightest inconven- ience or undue curiosity, scan during every fine day the beauty and dress of the elite of Chicago, as well as their attractive carriages and equipages. No watering places on the continent offer so fine a point to study the exterior characteristics of the distinguished leading citizens of a population of much more than a million, as do the balconies and windows of the Lelaud Hotel. No noisy procession, street cars, market wagon or peddler is allowed on this boulevard. During the greater part of every fine day, beautiful carriagesare moving continuously, but when the hours of rest approach, the avenue becomes quiet, and so remains until the seekers of health, pleasure and recreation turn out in their carriages on the morrow. The Leland has supe- rior accommodations for families and gentlemen, with a table of peculiar excellence. Warren F. Leland, proprietor. Since the above was prepared the Leland Hotel property has been sold for $1,025,000. A company headed by A. J. Cooper leased the land and bought the building and furniture for $400, 0(0. The company, composed of local capitalists is known as the Grand View Hotel Company. The purchas- ers of the fee are Boston men. There will be expended $100,000 in improve- ments by adding two stories, which will give an addition of 150 rooms. The basement will be fitted up as a Russian and Turkish bath establishment. McCoy's European Hotel. Located at the corner of Clark and Van Buren sts. A first class hotel conducted on the European plan. William McCoy, owner and manager. Palmer House. Located on the southeast corner of State and Monroe sts. , in the heart of the city, with a frontage on State St.. Monroe st. and Wabash ave. Main entrance on State St.; ladies' entrance on Monroe st. The building occu- pies about one-half of the entire block. Itcovers an area of 76,550 square feet; is niue stories in height, has 708 rooms and accommodates usually from 1,000 to 2, 400 guests The grand rotunda of the hotel is 64 feet wide, 106 feet long and 36 feet in height. The dining room is one of the most elegant in Chicago. The parlors and waiting rooms are superbly furnished. The entire furnishings and fittings of the house are of the first order. The Palmer House is itself one of the most imposing and beautiful structures in the city. It is a popular hotel for commercial people, and its rotunda most of the time day and night is a sort of a rendezvous for the merchants of Chicago or their representatives and visiting buyers. The Palmer House is conducted on the European plan. [Engraved for The Standard Guide Company."] ADMINISTRATION BUILDING, WORLD'S COLUMBIAN EXPOSITION. [Specimen Engraving from Flinn's " Hand-Book of The World's Columbian Exposition."] THE ENCYCLOPEDIA. 357 The charges are regulated entirely by the accommodations required. Mr. Putter Palmer is the sole proprietor and manager. This magnificent hotel was destroyed by fire before being completed in 1871. Hardly had the debris cooled off, however, ere Mr. Palmer began the work of excavation for the new structure. A great part of the time during the rebuilding operation workmen were employed day and night, immense calcium lights being used after the sun went down. The new Palmer House was opened in the year 1873. Richelieu Hotel. Located on Michigan avenue boulevard between Jackson and Van Buren streets. A hotel conducted upon the European plan, and is strictly first-class in every respect; has a large 'patronage from European travelers. It is elegantly furnished and has more the appearance of an elegant home than an hotel. Its cuisine is the first and only example of high-class French cooking in a Chicago hotel. It has a world-wide reputation for having the largest and finest assortment of choice .wines ever owned by any similar establishment in this country. Saratoga Hotel. Located at 155, 157, 159 and 161 Dearborn St., in theheart of the business section. This hotel is conducted on the " European plan," that is, guests pay only for rooms they occupy and such meals as they may require, or may take their meals else where. Rates 75 cents per day and upward. The house has 200 rooms, newly furnished, with hot and cold running water and steam heat in every room furnished free. Rooms with baths and parlors attached on every floor. Office on ground floor, with elevator.electric lights and all modern improvements. The Saratoga Restaurant is run in connection with the hotel and under the same management. The restaurant has been thor- oughly renovated and furnished new throughout, and is conducted in first- class manner at popular prices. Sherman House. Located at the northwest corner of Clark and Randolph sts., opposite the north entrance to the Court House. This is a landmark and one of the historic structures of the city, marking as it does a site which hae been familiar to Chicagoans from the earliest settlement of the place. One of the firgt mayors of the city had his blacksmith shop here, and the origi- nal Sherman House was erected on the spot by Francis C. Sherman, who after- ward became twice mayor of the city. This was an humble building. Mr. Sherman very considerably enlarged, remodeled and improved it in 1861, and up to the time of the great fire of 1871 it was the most pretentious hotel in the city. It fell before the enemy on the night of October 8, 1871, but was soon rebuilt as it stands to-day. The hotel takes its name from Mayor Sher- man and not from the famous Union general, as many in these days suppose. The present proprietor, Mr. J. Irving Pearce, upon taking the house, refur- nished it throughout. " Long" John Wentworth made it his home during the latter portion of his life, and his massive form was a familiar figure in the rotunda and corridors of the building. The public rooms and bedrooms of the structure have been completely remodeled during the past three years, making the house one of the most modern and elaborate in the country. It is a first-class hotel, strictly fire-proof, well managed, and conducted with the view of making its guests comfortable at any expense. The bed rooms are the largest and best furnished in the world, and the table is acknowledged superior to any other. 358 GUIDE TO CHICAGO. Southern Hotel. Located on Wabashave. and Twenty-second st. A first- class family hotel, well furnished and equipped. E. A. Bacheldor, proprie- tor. Tremont House. This is one of the first hotels rebuilt after the '71 fire, and is considered one of the very best. The location, on the corner of Dear- born and Lake, only three blocks from Illinois Central, Michigan Central, Vandalia, Burlington & Quincy depots. The hotel contains 250 rooms ; 100 of them are furnished with porcelain bath tubs and sanitary water closets. The rooms are all handsomely furnished, and every modern convenience and every luxury known to hotel management has been introduced. Proprietors, Alvin Hulbert & W. S. Eden. Victoria Hotel. Location, Michigan avenue and Van Buren street, over- looking the beautiful lake front. A first-class hotel, thoroughly equipped with all modern improvements. Two hundred and sixty guest chambers. J. M. Lee, proprietor; E. A. Whipple, associate manager. Virginia Hotel. Located at 78 Rush St., North Side. One of the largest and most beautiful private and family hotels in the world. The building is a splendid specimen of modern hotel architecture. This is a high-class house in every sense. Other Hotels. Other hotels from which the visitor may make a selection are as follows. The locations given will be the best guide in many respects for the stranger. Those in or near the center of the city are most convenient; those situated farther out are generally more pleasant for persons seeking quiet. ADAMS HOCSE, 4703 State; ALBEMARLE HOUSE, 262 to 266 State; ALLEN HOUSE. 4137 H -listed, Union Stock Yards; ALMA EUROPEAN HOTEL, 109 State; ALVORD HOUSE, Oakwood blvd., nw. cor. Cottage Grove; AMERICAN HOTEL, 120 Kinzie; AMERICAN HOUSE, M. C. Coulon, prop., 113 S. Canal; ANNA HOUSE. Delmon W. Norton, prop., 102-104 N. Clark; ARCADE HOTEL, 164 Clark; ARLINGTON HOUSE, 34-36 W. Madison; AUSTRIAN HOUSE, Mrs. Julia Jackson, prop., 117 Franklin; BALDWIN EURO- PEAN HOTEL, 74 Van Buren; BARNES HOUSE, B. L. Newman, prop., 36 W. Randolph; BARTL HOTEL, John Bartl, prop., 355 State; BELVIDERE HOUSE, Henry Walt, prop., 47 State; BENNETT HOUSE, Mrs. E. S. Bennett, prop., 73 Monroe; BOULEVARD HOUSE, Mrs. Sarah Ehlem, prop., 328 Washington blvd.; BOYLE'S HOTEL, Mrs. Bella Boyle, prop., State, nw. cor. Forty-fifth; BRIGHTON HOUSE, Sidney W. Yetter, prop., S. Western ave., se. cor. Archer ave.; BKOWN'M HOTEL, Thomas S. Brown, prop., 68 Van Buren, BURLINGTON HOUSE, Levi Pritchard, prop., 680 S. Canal; BURTON HOUSE, 4119 Halsted; BUTCHER'S HOTEL, Archibald Murphy, prop., Looinh, sw. cor. Forty-fifth; CALUMET HOUSE. Joseph Brown, prop., 9001 Ontario ave. (S. C.); CARELTON HOUSE, Mrs. M. Harrison, prop., 78 Adams; CENTRAL EUROPEAN HOTEL, Jacob Pirrung, prop., 13 S. Water; CENTRAL HOTEL, Geo. A. Neeb, prop., S. Chicago ave., nw. cor. Seventy fifth. (H. P.); CENTRAL HOUSE, Theo. and Ruth R. Nelson, props., 250-258 State; CHICAGO EUROPEAN HOTEL, 156 Clark; CHOATE HOUSE, W. H. J. Dougherty, prop., 268 State, CITY HOTEL, W. F. Orcutt, prop., State, se. cor. Sixteenth; CLARENDON HOUSE, E. Philbrick & Son, prop., 152 N. Clark; COLORADO HOUSE, 123 S. Canal; COLUMBADE HOTEL, 256 Michigan ave.; COLUMBIA HOTEL, J. D. Palmer, prop., State, nw. cor. Thirty-first. ; COMMERCIAL HOTEL, 243 Sixty-third (L ); COMMERCIAL HOTEL, A. Burkli;prop., 9440 Commercial ave. (S. C.); CONROY'S HOTEL, 407 State; THE ENCYCLOPEDIA. 359 I CONTINENTAL, HOTEL, Mrs. Hannab Collins, prop., Wabashave., se. cor. Madi- son; COSMOPOLITAN EUROPEAN HOTEL, B. L. Newman, prop., 307 Clark; COURT HOTEL, 487 State st. ; CRESCENT HOTEL, E. Fuller, proprietor, 347 Fifth ave.; CULLEN HOUSE, 191 W. Madison st.; DAMON HOTEL, 51 Clark st.; DANNEVIRKE HOTEL, 219 Milwaukee ave.; DAVENPORT HOUSE, A. P. Russell, proprietor, 180 N. Clark st.; DAVIES HOUSE, Robert C. Davies, pro- prietor, e. of Torrence ave., 5th w. of 106th st. (Cummings); DEBUS HOUSE, Moses Masser, proprietor, 341 Clark st.; DELMONICO HOTEL, 9347 Commer- cial ave. ; DEMING EUROPEAN HOTEL, F. A. Smith, proprietor, 136 to 138 Madison st. ; DEPOT HOUSE, 119 S. Canal st. ; DORLEY, THOMAS J., 45 Michi- gan ave.; DOUGLAS HOUSE, Thomas Dickenson & Son, proprietors, 3500 Cot- tage Grove ave.; DOWLING HOUSE, 137 S. Canal st. ; EMPIRE HOUSE, 4141 S. Halstedst.; ENGLEWOOD HOUSE, 315 Sixty-third st. (Englewood); EUREKA HOUSE, 75 Jackson st. ; EWING HOUSE, Ewing ave., corner 100th st. (South Chicago); EXCHANGE HOTEL, Mrs. Harriet Butler, proprietor, 7325 South Chicago ave. (S. C.); EXETER HOUSE, J. H. Hicks, proprietor, 146 Madison st.; FARWELL HOUSE, Thomas Dakin, proprietor, S. Halsted, near cor. Jackson st.; FLINT'S EUROPEAN HOTEL, 80 Van Buren st.; GAINES HOUSE, Thomas Gaines, proprietor, 180 N. Clark st. ; GARDEN CITY HOTEL, 46 to 48 Sherman st. ; GARDEN CITY HOUSE, A. Stierlin, proprietor, 101 to 105 N. Weils st. ; GARDEN HOTEL, Marion Radetzky, proprietor, 312 State st.; GER- MANIA- HOUSE, August Mascher, proprietor, 180 to 182 Randolph st. ; GILE, JOHN F., 995 W. Madison st.; GLADSTONE HOTEL, 3035 Michigan ave.; GOLDEN STAR HOUSE, Charles Wegman, proprietor, 203 Plymouth place; GOLDSTON'S HOTEL, S. Goldston, proprietor, 286 Wabash ave.; GRAND HOTEL, Peter Portlend, proprietor, 127 N. Clark st.; GRAND HOTEL, Richard Jaap, proprietor, 230 State st.; GRAND PALACE HOTEL, C. T. Newberry, pro- prietor, 103 N. Clark st. ; GREENWOOD AVENUE HOTEL, Greenwood are., S. Seventy-sixth st. (H. P.); HAGEMANN'S HOTEL, Mrs. Louise Hagemann, pro- prietor, 147 Randolph st.; HAMBURG HOUSE, 86 Sherman st.; HAMBURG HOUSE, M. Marks, proprietor, 186 Randolph st. ; HARRISON HOTEL. Thomas Kearney, proprietor, 128 Harrison st.; HAYMARKET HOTEL, J. M. Getman, proprietor, 157 W. Madisou st.; HOFFMAN HOUSE, 170 Clark st.; HOTEL ALGER, Fifty-first st., e. of Trumbull ave. ; HOTEL BOYD, 2010 to 2012 Wabash ave. ; HOTEL BRISTOL, S. S. Buckley, proprietor, 214 Thirty-first st. ; HOTEL BRUNSWICK, H. C. Knill, proprietor, Michigan ave., n. w. cor. Adams; HOTEL COLUMBIA, 15 N. State st. ; HOTEL CORTLAND, R. Evans, proprietor, 16-22 Adams st. ; HOTEL CRYSTAL, James Hayward, proprietor, 34 Washing- ton st.; HOTJIL DANMARK, 126 Kinzie st.; HOTEL DAYTON, Theodore Nelson, proprietor, 74 N. Clark st. ; HOTEL DEARBORN, Joseph Pratt, proprietor, 398- 404 State st.; HOTEL DELAVAN, Mike Teller, proprietor, 143 N.Clark st.; HOTEL DIXON, Malissa Randolph, proprietor, 310 State St.; HOTEL EDWARDS, Charles E. Edwards, proprietor, 1 334 Washington blvd.; HOTEL FARGO, Marion Radetzky, proprietor, 248 State St.; HOTEL FLORENCE, lllth st., cor. Wall ave.; HOTEL GLENARM, 167 Madison st.; HOTEL HARVARD, 100 W. Madison St.; HOTEL HENRICI, Loewenthal & Buxbaum, proprietors, 70-72 Randolph st.; HOTEL IRVINE, Mrs. R. E. Irvine, proprietor, 71 Van Buren st.; HOTEL KIRKWOOD, 69 Randolph st.; HOTEL LAFAYETTE, E. S. Pinney, proprietor, 111 W. Madison st. ; HOTEL LANGHAM, Cleveland & Co., proprie- tor, 1840 Wabash ave. ; HOTEL LE GRAND, Ferdinand Wistawil, proprietor, 39-45 N. Wells St.; HOTEL LINCOLN, Richard Stafford, proprietor, 70 Jack- son st.; HOTEL MECHANICS HALL, The Strand, s. of 133d st. (Heg.); HOTEL 360 GUIDE TO CHICAGO. MIDLAND, F. H. Thompson, proprietor, 135 Adams St.; HOTEL MILAN, Peter M. Lauphier, proprietor, 153 S. Halsted St.; HOTEL NICOLLET, Henry B. Upman, proprietor, se. cor. Randolph st. and Fifth ave.; HOTEL OBIENT, 693 S. Halsted st. ; HOTEL RICHLAND, 168 Clark st. ; HOTEL RICHMOND, B. F. Bruce, Jr., proprietor, State st., nw. cor. Van Buren st.; HOTEL ROYAL, 1714 Indiana ave. ; HOTEL ST. BENEDICT, Chicago ave.,nw. cor. Cass st.; HOTEL SVEA, 131 Chicago ave.; HOTEL VENDOME, Fleming J. Hiding, proprietor, North Park ave., nw. cor. Centre ave.; HOTEL WISCONSIN, 22 Wisconson st. ; HOTEL WORTH, Will H. Worth, proprietor, 435 Washington blvd.; HUM- BOLDT PARK HOUSE, W. North ave., se. cor. N. California ave.: INTERNA- TIONAL HOTEL, 167 Harrison st.; JEFFERSON'S EUROPEAN HOTEL, 145 S. Canal st. ; JULIAN HOTEL, cor. Sixty-third st. and Stewart ave.; KELLER HOUSE, Mrs. Rosa Keller, proprietor, 125 W. Madison st.; KEMP HOUSF. W. Kemp, proprietor, Seventy-sixth St., e. of Woodlawn ave. (H. P.); KUHN'S HOTEL, 165 Clark st.; LAKESIDE HOTEL, 3619 Lake ave.; LA PIERRE HOUSE, J. H. Jett, proprietor, 181 Washington blvd. ; LA SALLE HOUSE, Mrs. Frank Leland, proprietor, 47 La Salle; LOGAN SQUARE HOTEL, William F. Gaines, proprietor, 480 N. Kedzie ave. ; MACKINAC HOUSE, Mackinac Hotel Company, proprietor, 326-332 State; MASSASOIT HOUSE, Conrad F. Pirring, proprietor, Central ave., sw. cor. S. Water; MATHER HOUSE, Mrs. M. A. Simpson, pro- prietor, 362^ Wabash ave.; MAT'S EUROPEAN HOTEL, A. May, pro- prietor, 421 Clark; McEwAN's TEMPERANCE EUROPEAN HOTEL,- Peter McEwan, proprietor, 91 W. Madison; MERCHANTS' EXCHANGE HOTEL, Philip Dieter, proprietor, 12 S. Water; METROPOLITAN HOTEL, Stern- berg & Co., 26 N. Wells; MYERS HOUSE, Joseph Freund, proprietor, 14-16 Bishop ct.; MICHIGAN HOTEL, Wni. E. .Burns, proprietor, 346 State; MINNESOTA HOUSE, 97 S. Canal st. ; MUSKEGON HOUSE, Jacob Grabenstein, proprietor, 21 Michigan ave.; NATIONAL HOTEL, D. A. Dooley, proprietor, 230 State st. ; NEW ENGLAND HOTEL, 129 S. Canal; NORTH CITY HOTEL, 89 N. Wells; NORTHERN PACIFIC HOTEL, 62 Sherman; NORWOOD HOUSE, 91 S. Desplaines; OAKLAND HOTEL. Haw- kins & Sanford, proprietors, Drexel blvd., se. cor. Oakwood; OGDEIT HOUSB, John Henderson, proprietor. 100 Franklin st. ; OLD METROPOLITAN HOTEL, Nicholas Yack, proprietor, 192-196 Randolph; OXFORD, THE, Mat- thew J. Henderson, proprietor, 159 S. Canal; PANORAMA HOTEL, Victor Johnson, proprietor, 49 Hubbard ct. ; PARK HOTEL, W. W. Townsend, proprie- tor, Milwaukee ave., Jefferson Park; PARK VIEW HOUSE, Charles H. West, proprietor, 310 Michigan ave. ; PAXTON HOUSE, Geo. H. Richardson, proprie- tor, 2458 State; PEOPLE'S HOTEL, Malissa Randolph, proprietor, 368-370 State; PHOENIX Hotel, Gust. Burdick, proprietor, 77 S. Canal; PUTNAM'S HOTEL, 163 Adams; RANDOLPH EUROPEAN HOTEL, Mrs. M. Duffy, proprietor, 102 Randolph; RAUSLEY HOUSE, Joseph Rausley, proprietor, 499 State; REAPER HOUSE, Liberal Darner, proprietor, 1185 Blue Island ave.; RIVER- DALE HOTEL, Charles Michaels, proprietor, Indiana ave.,s. of 134th st., River- dale; ROCK ISLAND HOUSE, 50 Sherman; RODGERS HOTEL, T. J. Rodgers, proprietor, 4^09-4211 W. Lake; ROSE HOTEL, 365 Wabash ave.; ROYAL .tiuROP ICAN HOTEL, Mrs. Jessie Brown, proprietor, 37 Adams; ROY'S HOUSE, John H.McCormick, proprietor, S. Chicago ave.. s. 133d, Hed.; SCANDI- NAVIAN HOTHT^ 87 Towusend; SCIIAEKER'S HOTEL, August Schaefer, pio- frietor, f6- e -967 N. Clark; SHARPSHOOTKR'S PARK HOTEL, Henry Neben, 1 ropnetor Jeffeisoii, near 118th; JSnt-LBURNE HOTEL, Mrs. Mary Benson, pro- THE ENCYCLOPEDIA. 361 prietor, 306 Chicago ave. ; SOUTH CHICAGO HOTEL, Joha L. Craw.'ord, pro prietor, Ninety-second, near Commercial av. ; SOUTH SIDE MADISONHOUSE, 164 Madison; STAFFORD'S EUROPEAN .HOTEL, 131 Van Buren; ST. BERNARD HOTEL, 10 Madison; ST. CAROLINE'S COURT HOTEL, 18 Elizabeth; ST. CHARLES, 15 Clark; ST. CLOUD HOUSE', 201 W. Randolph; ST. JAMES HOTEL, Charles Wittingham, proprietor, 36 S. Halsted; ST. NICHOLAS HOTEL, Orsemus Van Der Vort, proprietor, 200 Washington; SUNNYSIDE HOTEL, Daniel Browning, proprietor, Clark, se. cor. Sunnyside ave.; SVEA HOTEL, O. H. Ahlgren, proprietor, 11 Milton ave.; TRANSIT HOUSE, L. Everett Howard, manager Union Stock Yards; UNION EXCHANGE HOTEL, 115 S. Canal St.; UNION PARK HOTEL, Mrs. A. M. Carey, proprietor, 521 W. Madison; VAN NESS HOUSE, 224 Clark; WALHALLA HOTEL, A. Doemling, proprietor, 115th, cor. Mountain; WALTERS' HOTEL, John Walters, proprie- tor, Anthony ave., cor Ninty-fourth (S. C.); WASHINGTON HOTEL, 17 W. Madison; WAUKEGAN HOUSE, 183 W. Lake; WAVERLY HOTEL, John Laurie, proprietor, 130 Lake; WAVERLY HOUSE, 63 W. Lake; WAYNE HOTEL, 97 Michigan; WELLS ST. HOUSE, Mrs. Louisa Weser, proprietor, 95 N. Wells; WEST END HOTEL, A. F. Doremus, proprietor, 503 W. Madison; WEST SIDE COMMERCIAL HOTEL, 116 W. Madison; WESTMINSTER HOTEL, Cole & Horaan, proprietors, 462 N. "Clark; WHEELING HOUSE, Joseph Teu- fel, proprietor, 82-84 W. Lake; WINDSOR EUROPEAN HOTEL, Samuel Greg- steu, proprietor, 145-153 Dearborn; WITBECK HOTEL, Mrs. Geo. Witbeck, pro- prietor, 74 Adams; WYNDHAM HOTEL, 2934 Prairie ave. INEBRIATE ASYLUMS. The institutions of the city which receive and treat patients suffering from alcoholism are: Alexian Brothers' Hospital, 539-569 N. Market st. (take N. Market st. car); Dr. Chas. W. Earle's private sanitarium, 533 Washington blvd. (take Madison st. cable line); Martha Washington Home (for female exclusively), Graceland and Western aves. , Cuyler station, near Ravenswood (take train at Wells st. depot, Wells and Kinzie sts.); Mercy Hospital, con- ducted by the Sisters of Mercy, Calumet ave. and Twenty-sixth st. (take Cot- tage Grove ave. cable line); St. Joseph's Hospital, conducted by the Sisters of Charity, Garfield ave. and Burling st., nearN. Halsted st. (take Garneld ave. or N. Halsted st. car), and the Washingtonian Home, W. Madison st. and Ogden ave. (take Madison st. cable line). Of these institutions, hospital treatment only is afforded by all excepting the Martha Washington and Washingtonian Homes. The latter are reformatory institutions, and, when their rules are strictly enforced, do not accept patients merely for physical treatment. [See also " Keeley Institute, The," separate department of this volume. Martha Washington Home. Established by the Washin-touian Home Association in 1881, as an auxiliary of the Washingtoniau Home where females addicted to alcoholism might receive and be benefited by the same treatment as that which males were receiving in the parent institution. The home is located in the country, about one mile west of Cuyler station on the Chicago & North-Western railroad, or, properly speaking, on the corner of Graceland and Western aves. This institution is in charge of Mary F Felt, matron, under direction of a committee of admission and discharge, 3CJi GUIDE TO CHICAGO. consisting of three members of the executive committee of the Washing- Ionian Home Association. The ladies'.commiltee is composed of Mrs Geu. Sherwood, Mrs. B. A. Miller, Mrs. Thomas Moulding, Mrs. Dr. C. W.Earle. Mrs. Dr. H. M. Lyman and Mrs. James Frake. All applications for admis- sion must be made to the committee of admission, excepting under certain circumstances, when the matron may admit applicants pending a meeting of the committee. Persons having a permanent home" within Cook county, whose circumstances render it imperatively necessary, are admitted free, at the discretion of the committee on admission; but all other persons are charged for their board and rooms at such rate per week as may be determined from time to time hy the executive committee. Persons able to pay are not admitted for a less sum than $10 per week. No person is admitted for a less period than four weeks. All persons, on becoming inmates, bind themselves to observe and obey the rules and regulations governing the internal affairs of the institution and perform any manual labor assigned them. Any delib- erate violation of them will be considered good cause for discharge. Applications for admission can be addressed to the matron, Ravenswood, fcCook county, Illinois, or to any member of the committee on admission, Chicago. If application is made by letter, full statement should be given of the case, the state of general health and the duration of the habit. The inmates of the Home January 1, 1891, numbered 17; there were admitted during 1891 102 inmates; discharged during the year, 110, leaving 9 in the Home on January 1, 1892. The treatment received at the Home is excellent, both as regards its medical and moral aspects, and the committee in charge claims that a very large percentage of those who pass through the institution are permanently reformed. Keeley Institute, The. See " Keeley Institute. The," separate department of this volume. Washingtonian Home. Located at the corner of Madison st. and Ogden ave., West Side. Superintendent, Daniel Wilkins, A. M.; matron, Mrs. Daniel Wilkins; physician in charge, Addison H. Foster, M. D ; resi- dent physician, Dr. Forest Smith; consulting physician, Dr. Norman Bridge; consulting surgeon, Dr. D. W. Graham; consulting physician for the insane, Dr. D. R. Brower; consulting aurist and occulist, Dr. W. T. Montgomery; physician Martha Washington Home, Dr. W. Good- smith. Conducted by The Washingtonian Home Association. Officers: President, C. H. Case; vice-president, James Frake; secretarj^.H. H. Aldrich; assistant secretary, L. P. Richardson; treasurer, George Sherwood. The Washingtonian Home was established in 1863, through the instrumentality of a few gentlemen, notably Rolla A. Law and A. A. Cowdery, members of the order of Good Templars. Superintendent Wilkins has been in charge of the reformatory work of the Home since 1875. In his last report to the board of managers he said, among other things: "During the twenty-seven years since October. 1868. 13.C09 patients have been treated in the \Vashintrtonian Home. Seven thousand of them were married and rep- resented as many homes, and admitting: that each family numb.-red four besides the father, here are 28,000 mothers and children made happy and cared for, for a longer or shoner period. During these years from one to six wive^, separated from their husban Is, have been re-united ; and assuming an average of two a week 2,Tt'0 families have been re-construrted,and the wives and children cheered with a happy home, and THE ENCYCLOPEDIA. 363 very many of them made happy for life and the rest for a longer or shorter time. Six tlious mil sinvfie men have been returned to their homes also to console the hearts of msjth -re, sisters, fathers, brothers and friends. Who can tell the vast numbers that, through (lie examples and efforts of our graduates, have been and willbe won into the ranks of total abstainers nnd become a blessing to the world ? In view of these facts an i results, has >he Washingtonian Home paid? Where on the pages of history can y hospital seventy-two hours; to the building two weeks, and is expected to board in the institution two weeks longer, making his stay four weeks in all. The Home is a strictly non-sec- tarian institution and no religious or political discussion among the inmates is permitted. The hour of rising is 5:30 A. M. , during all tl e year around excepting Sundays, a half hour later; hour of retiring, 10 r. M. ; morning prayers in the chapel 6 A. M. , during all the year around, excepting Sundays, a half-hour later; experience meetings Sunday evenings; visiting days Tues- days and Fridays. A course of lectures is delivered by Prof. Wilkins to the inmates on the effects of alcohol on the moral and physical man. The sub- stance of these lectures is continued in a work by Mr. Wilkins, entitled " The Curse of the World," a volume which should be placed in tbe hands of every young man. The average number of inmates in the Home at present is about, ninety. The total receipts of the Wasliingtonian Home Association for 1890 were $48 140.87, disbursements, $50,830.93. Balance in the treasury January 1, 1891, $6,138.78. There was due from the city, however, about $15,000 from license income. KEELEY INSTITUTE, THE. Probably no discovery in medicine has been productive of so much intel- ligent discussion or so much widespread interest during recent years as that made by Leslie E. Keeley, M. D., and it is certain that the workings of no 364 GI?IDE TO CHICAGO. medical institution In the world have been observed with closer attention among all classes of people during the past three years, than that which is known as The Keeley Institute, of Dwight, 111. This stands alone, among the institutions of Illinois. It is something so original, so novel, so unique, that the compiler has found it impossible to place it under any established classi- fication. It must be treated in relief. It is not a hospital. It is not an asylum. It is not a sanitarium. It is not a reformatory. It is all of these in one, and yet it differs from them in so many essential points that it must not be con- sidered as of their class, nor in connection with them. The matter which follows is arranged so as to afford the stranger all the information required, in the most convenient form possible. The various headings are arranged in alphabetical order, nnd not according to the importance of the subjects, in conformity with the rule which governs the treatment of all subjects in this work. Associated Keeley Bi-Chloride of Gold Club. At the convention called by the Directory of the Bi-Chloride of Gold Club of the world, which met in Dwight on the 15th and 16th of February, 1892, the name of the general organization was changed to the Associated Keeley Bi Chloride of Gold Club, and the requisites for membership were fixed as follows: No person shall be eligible to membership in this association who has not taken the Keeley double chloride of gold treatment for alcoholic, narcotic or nervous dis- eases; and no man shall be admitted to membership who is in any way con- nected with the sale or manufacture of alcoholic stimulants as a beverage, or who has lapsed after his treatment, or who has contracted one habit after having been cured of another. The following officers were elected to serve for 1893-93. President, S. E. Moore, Pittsburg; vice-presidents, W. S. Arnold, Washington, and Frank 1'. Clark, Kansas City; secretary and treasurer, the Hon. J. D. Kehoe, Ken- tucky. Directors. W. M. Burris, Liberty, Mo.* John J. Flinn, Chicago; the Hon. Waller Young, St. Joseph, Mo.; D. V. Youngblood, CarbondaK 111.; D. G. Woolen, Dallas, Tex.; J. M. Kelly, Pittsburg; A. R. Calhoun, New York; S. A. McLean, Michigan; James A. Merritt, Minnesota; W. G. Richardson, Kansas; Ed. F. Mullen, California. Advisory Committees were appointed by the Executive Committee for each State (see Bi-Chloride of Gold Club of the world under headings " Clubs.gentlemen's and social") Leslie E. Keeley, LL. D., M.D., was elected honorary president. Bi-CUoi'ide of Gold Clitb.The Bi-Chloride of Gold Club of Dwight, it is unnecessary to say, is the parent Bi-Chloride of Gol'd Club of the world. At the present writing it has a membership of about 4,000. [See Bi-Chloride of Gold Club of Dwight, and Bi-Chloride of Gold Club of the World, under "Clubs."] Character of the Patients. There may be found undergoing treatment at Dwight, representatives of every class of society except that known as "the bum element." If a man is a "bum" when he reaches Dwight, and is iiot so naturally, the odor of the pot-house and the barrel-house very speedily leaves him, aiid he finds that unless he quickly changes his. mianners his asso- 2 H r- w w 2 5 o S ?3 5 ' O THE ENCYCLOPEDIA. 365 ciates will prove neither social nor tolerant. If he is a " bum " naturally the chances are that he will not stay his full time out. There is another class equally obnoxious and its representatives are received with even less con- sideration. This is the "snob element." The man who comes to Dwight with the idea that he will find there no person who by any possibility can be considered as good as he is, is very quickly disenchanted with himself. At first he holds himself aloof from the rest save when it is necessary for him to get into line for treatment. By degrees he discovers that the men in front of him and the men behind him occupy positions in the world far superior to that held by him. His snobbishness, if he be not naturally a snob, soon disap- pears. If he be a snob naturally he is not likely to stay his full time out either. There may be found in the lines at Dwight representatives of every rank in life. Professional men are there in large numbers. Physicians, lawyers, ministers of the Gospel, authors, journalists, poets, wits, judges from the bench, members of Congress, members of the various State Legislatures, civil engineers, architects, and men of this character are scattered plentifully through the lines, as well as bankers, merchants, contractors, railroad offi- cials, board of trade brokers, first-class artisans and mechanics and men of that character. It is impossible for the newcomer to form any idea of the class of men he is brought into contact with. By slow degrees he becomes acquainted and finds to his surprise that he has been walking shoulder to shoulder, perhaps, with men whosenames are familiar to the American public and who occupy high places in the esteem of their fellow-citizens. Daily Life at Dwight. It is a quiet life at Dwight, but not a dull one. There is no chance for dullness and stagnation where so many newspaper men, politicians, lawyers, war veterans, and city men of affairs are gathered. People find out each other here, and when a man is found out he is expected to turn in and do his best for the general amusement or the public good. Nearly every candidate for the bichloride of gold course goes to Dwight with the desire and intention of keeping his visit a secret, and many make elabo- rate preparations at home for carrying out the fiction of a visit to the Springs or a trip to the seaside. But it amounts to nothing. They meet old acquaint- ances who have come on the same errand; they are recognized by friends on passing trains, or gossipy people who are writing home send lists of distin- guished inebriates who are their companions. The secret always comes out. But the strange part of the story is that after the first week no one want to hide the fact that he has passed through Dr. Keeley's hands. He is proud of it, and he exults in the idea that he will be able to tell his friends that the chains have fallen from his wrists and that he is free. " I am going home next week," said a happy patient, " to let my wife get acquainted with me. We have been married twelve years and she has never known her hus- band!'' Such sunshine as this has fallen upon thousands of households that once were desolate, but now are filled with happiness. This will explain why so many who came with reluctance and with doubt are glad to hear from the doctor's lips that they must stay another week, and even then leave Dwiglit with reluctance. This is why strong men break down in tears when they come to say good-by. They have formed acquaintanceships which are different from any they made before and which are the blossom and fruit of a common knowledge of sorrow find a common bitter experience. The friendships made in Dwight ?re unlike any that come up in the ordinary business of life, and will be apt to outlast most others- The badge of the 366 GUIDE TO CHICAGO. Bi-Chloride of Gold club is likely also to be the longest worn of any such ornaments. All the members have promised to wear it at all times, not only as a shield and reminder, but also as a pleasant memorial of their days at Dwight and the friends they made there. As the day of their departure draws near patients who wonder why they were side-tracked at an unknown village see the wisdom of the plan that brought them to Dwight. In a large city or at a watering place the work they have been doing for themselves would have been doubled by the temptations and distractions that presented themselves. In the little village, whose peaceful homes are shaded by the cottonwood and maple, and whose every open door welcomes the stranger, the work of rest, peace, and regular habits proceeds apace. To the jaded brain the song of the thrush and the call of the robin come with new mean- ing as the man finds the years that were once worse than wasted dropping from him, and that the vigor of early manhood, with its hopes and ambitions, is returning. This is the work of restoration and reconstruction that is claimed for Dr. Keeley and Dwight, and to which 5,000 saved men stand ready to bear witness. The work and the place are adapted to each other perfectly. The great and good physician who has given the best years of his life to the rescue of the drunkard comes before the world fitly framed in by the pretty little village of Dwight, where his work began, and from which he has sent out a perpetual stream of sunshine on innumerable homes. There, where men who had lost all hope heard from his lips the first promise of a cure, and there they will look back to see him always, as they last saw him, with a smile of trust upon his lips. And the last thing they forget in life will be Dr. Keeley and the work he did for them at Dwight. Departures and Arrivals. Train time is always looked forward to at Dwight, sometimes with pleasure and sometimes with sorrow. Pleasant ties are broken every day. The departing graduate, while looking forward with pleasure to meeting his friends once more, leaves his associates with regret. He is generally given a hearty farewell. New arrivals are immediately taken in hands by attendants of the Institute, who are always in waiting at the station. [See illustration.] No matter what the condition of the arrival maybe no remarRS are made about the man as he passes through the crowd. Under no circumstances is good taste offended. Depot. The Chicago & Alton Railway Company has erected at Dwight a handsome granite railway station for the accommodation of its patrons. It was much needed. Discovery of the Remedy. From OpieP. Reed, journalist, novelist and wit: "For many years Dr. Keeley was a general practitioner at Dwight, and was the first regularly-engaged railroad surgeon in the United States, having been tend- ered theposition by the Chicago & Alton twenty years ago. He grew up with the idea that drunkenness was a disease and that it could be cured; indeed, this idea was an inheritarce. His gr-andfather, an Irish gentleman and a fine physician, held the same belief, and spent much of his life fti the study of the subject, but without discovering a sure remedy. Years afterwards his son, also a physician, continued the investigation, but, after a long life, died with- out having made the discovery which his father had so earnestly sought. The present Dr. Keeley experimented for many years in the East where he was born, and in the West at Dwight; indeed, during the war, while he was surgeon in the Union army, ho kept up his birth-seated habit of studying drunkenness and its possible cure. tHE ENCYCLOPEDIA. 367 " 3 a night about fourteen years ago the student walked forth from his laboratory. Dwight was asleep; the late trains had passed; a quiet joy filled the student's heart. "Why? He was satisfied that the long-sought remedy had been fouud. A strong test was riot long wanting. Shortly after w aid Dr. Keeley was summoned to attend an old man who had attempted to com- mit suicide. He was the village drunkard. The doctor saved his life and then applied his discovery. The old man lived many years, but never took another drink of liquor." J)iseanes Treated. While by far the great majority of patients at Dwight and its branches are treated for alcoholism 01 drunkenness, great numbers of victims of narcotics, such as opium, morphine, chloral, etc., and tobacco, may also be found there, as well as sufferers from nervous dis- eases not superinduced by the use of alcohol drugs or tobacco. The success achieved by Dr. Keeley in his treatment of drunkenness has to a great extent overshadowed his equally successful treatment of .those addicted to other a I more pernicious habits. This Is naturally so for the reason.that the diseaoC of alcoholism is so much more widespread and so much more prominent in the eyes of the public. Dr. Keeley looks upon the cigarette habit asbe'ng the most pernicious he has to deal with. Because of the apparent innocence of the habit it works a more complete ruin than any of the others to the nerv- ous system of its victims. It is the only habit he is ocasionally led to denounce positively as a vice. There are issued by the Leslie E. Keeley Company a number of valuable pamphlets treating of the morphine and opiu^i habit, in all its various phases and degrees, of the tobacco habit, the cigarette habit, and of neurasthenia, or nerve exhaustion, with information of vast importance to sufferers. These will be sent free to any person applying for them at the Keeley Institute Dwight, oral any of its branches, or they will be furnished together with any other information desired by any graduate of any of the Keeley Institutes, everyone of whom considers himself an agent of the company to the extent of spreading the light of Dr. Keeley's discoveries so that all mankind may be benefited by it. No letter is ever left unanswered at the Keeley Institute, and no question is considered too troublesome to be answered by the staff of physicians in charge. Dwight. Dwight, Livingston county, 111 , a village made famous by Dr. Leslie E. Keeley's di coveries in medicine, and made important by reason of the loeation of 'the principal offices, laboratory and institute of the Leslie E. Keeley Company there, is located in what is historically known as Grand Prairie on the main line of the Chicago, Alton & St Louis R. R., at the junc- tion of its western division, about seventy-two miles from Chicago, and twenty miles from Pontiac, the county seat. It is a place of about 2,000 inhabitants, is the third in size, and one of the most important shipping points in the county. It was surveyed by Nelson Buck, deputy county surveyor for Amos Edwards, the regular surveyor of the county, in the fall of 1858, for R. P. Morgan, Jr., Jas. C. Spencer, John Lathrop and I. and K. O. Fell, who owned the land on which it stands. The original town embraced the south- west quarter of the southeast quarter of section 4; also the northwest quarter of the northeast quarter, and the northeast quarter of the northwest quarter of section 9, township 30, north range 7, east of the third principal meridian, and on the 30th day of January, 1854, was dedicated by Mr. Morgan, and the plat admitted to record. The following are his dedicatory woids: "To be known as the town of Dwight, and the streets and alleys described on the 368 GUIDE TO CHICAGO. town plat are hereby donated to the public." It was named for Henry Dwight, of New York, who was a capitalist, and furnished the money to build the road from Joliet to Bloomington, known as the Chicago, Alton & St. Louis Railroad. He is said to have lost a fortune in the construction of this road, and as a compliment to him, and in honor of his noble deeds, his name was given to the village, which, in spite of efforts to change it, it has ever since borne. It is said that the first indication of a town was the raising of a telegraph pole with a tin pan nailed on top, which served as a landmark and guide to the surveyors engaged on the Chicago, Alton & St. Louis Railroad, or, as then known, the Chicago & Mississippi Railroad Company, with the intention of building a railroad from Joliet to Alton. The road was located by Oliver H. Lee, chief engineer of the company, and the work pushed for- ward under the supervision of assistant engineers R. P. Morgan, Jr., H. A Gardiner and James A. Spencer, with such vigor and dispatch that on the 4th day of July, 1854, the first passenger train passed over the new road. Since then, Dwight, up to within the past three years, can not be said to have pros- pered. The railroad diverted such trade as formerly came to it to other points. li slumbered along for years as a sort of a community of retired farmers, and apparently knew as little and cared as little of the outside world as the outside world knew and cared about it. It has much the appearance of a frontier village to-day, the majority of the residences being one-story cottages. It has one or two very pretty avenues, however, and some handsome private residences, but it is plain that whatever prosperity it is now enjoytoj is due directly to the location there of the Keeley Institute, the patients of whim number from 700 to 1,000 at all times. .These are, generally speaking, men of means, and they have helped to swell the receipts of the shopkeepers, besides leaving a great deal of money with the hotel and boarding-house keepers. Dwight is a charming little prairie town in summer. In winter this can not be truthfully said of it, although its streets are being rapidly improved. The people of Dwight are socially agreeable, and patients at the Keeley Institute are uniformly treated with consideration. The young people are above the average in intelligence. There are good schools and churches here. Amusements are such as are furnished by the different church and secret societies, and the Bi-Chloride of Gold Club. The Keeley Company and the village government have in contemplation numerous improvements, the carrying out of which will completely transform the place within the next few years. Effects of the Treatment. All sorts of nonsensical stories are told of the effects of the Keeley treatment. There are patients who, for various reasons, exaggerate their sufferings and tell extraordinary stories of their endurance, simply for the purpose of leading their friends to believe that they are undergoing a dreadful ordeal, and undergoing it like heroes. The treatment, as a matter of fact, is a heroic one, but not in the sense that it brings great mental orphysical suffering with it. The drunkard who has been on a short or prolonged debauch probably never was " let down " so easily before. He is- freed almost unconsciously from the desire for alcoholic stimulation, and with out suffering the tortures which he has had to endure invariably on previous ooc'isions. Suppose he arrives drunk at the end of a month's spree. If he is inn-.ipable of oaring for himself an attendant is placed in charge of him. He is given a hypodermic injection in the left arm. and his attendant is pro. vided with a bottle of the remedy, from which he administers a dose every two hours. The attendant is also provided with a four ounce flask of good Wtp,^ THE ENCYCLOPEDIA. 369 whisky. There is no restraint on the patient. He can walk the streets, visit the club or the institute, or go to sleep at his boarding house or hotel, as the fancy strikes him. But he gets his doses regularly every two hours, and his . hypodermic treatments at the regulation hours. If he arrives in the morning, j he is very nearly sober by night, tmt his supply of whisky is not cut off. He I is eniitled to whisky at Dwight as long as he calls for it, but, of course, in \ modified doses. He is not permitted to suffer for the want of it. If he is a bad case he consumes eight or twelve ounces the first day. He is certain of a good sleep at night, and next day he may consume eight ounces of whisky. This, however, is an extreme case. The probability is that on the morning of the third day he has no desire for it. He is likely to refuse it when it is offered. He has slept well and his appetite is good. He is surprised, arr azcd to find that he is not nervous. His attendant leaves him. He is able to care for himself from this time on. He takes an active part in the Bi-Chloride of Gold club. He begins to enjoy life. There is, perhaps, some dimness of sight and some slight interruption of thought. This continues for about three days. He is a Httle^forgetful and absent-minded, but such a condition is easily accounted for when it is considered that a perfect metamorphosis has taken place in the man within seventy-two hours. His sight and his mind soon clear up, and his intellect comes out like the sun from behind a bank of summer clouds, and shines with a brilliancy that astonishes himself and his friends. He is once more a Man. He may be physically weak for ten days or so, but at the end of two weeks he begins to gain flesh ; his energy returns; he is full of vigor; he feels that the world is his. At the end of the third or fourth week he leaves Dwight with a heart full of gratitude and a mind bent upon noble purposes. The whole thing is a mystery to him. He bovvs his head in acknowledgment of God's mercy in raising up Dr. Keeley as an instrument of salvation, and does not care to penetrate the veil which shields the mighty secret from his view. Express Office. Like a great many other things in DwighJ, the express office facilities have not kept pace with the demand and consignments of articles necessary to the comfort of patients, are very frequently delayed beyond all reason. The facilities shoiild at least be doubled. Harry Lawrence's. The patient at Dwight has scarcely arrived before he registers at " Harry Lawrence's." The proprietor is a genial, whole-souled Missourian. He hails from a town called Slater, which he pronounces " Sla- taw," with a true Missouri dialect. This is the great butter-milk repository of Dwight. Butter-milk, by the way, is a favorite beverage in the village, and barrels of it are consumed daily by the patients. Harry Lawrence is a graduate, and has done perhaps as much as any single man toward spreading the light. Attached to his place is a restaurant conducted in first-class styje, and managed by Willie Reilly, a Chicago boy, also a graduate. Government Recognition. The United States Government recognizes the Keeley Treatment and has authorized the use of the Keeley remedies in twenty-eight National and State Soldiers' and Sailors' Homes. The Board of Managers of theye institutes is composed as follows: The President of the Uuted States, the Chief Justice, the Secretary of War ex-oflicios; General William B. Franklin, president of the board; Gen. William J. Sewell, first vice-president; Gen. John C Black, second vice-president; Gen. Martin T. McMahon, secretary; Col. John L. Mitchell. Major Edmund Merrill, Gen. George Bonebrake, Gen. Alfred L. Pearson, Gen. James Barnett, Gen. Fran- cis Fessenden and Gen. George W. Steele. 370 GUIDE TO CHICAGO. Hotel and Boarding House Accommodation. Hotel accommodation for trans- ients or regular guess may be obtained atDwight by the day or week. TheLiv- iugston, owned by the Leslie E. Keeley Company, is the leading hotel of the village, and is conducted in first-class style. Rates $3 per day and upward, according to character of accommodation and room required. Other hotels con- venient to the Institute are the Avenue House, Cornell House, Ketcham House, McPheisijn House and Pennsylvania House. Rates at any of the last named, $1.50 per day; board by the week, $7 and $10. Board by the week generally in Dwight, including bed, $7. Better accommodations may Le had by renting rooms separately at a cost of from $3 to $5 per week; acd the best board may be obtained at from $5 to $7 per week. Patients are directed to board- ijg houses by the Leslie E. Keeley Company. Many large boarding houses have recently been erected. How One Man was Diseased, and How Cured. It would be impossible to give even a summary of the thousands of cures which have taken place at Dwight. The compiler can only give a sinking example of the speed with which the peculiar condition of a sufferer is understood, and the rapidity with which he recovers under the treatment. The following will serve as an illus- tration. The story is told by the person who passed through the experience. Ic will be understood by all those who have ever been cursed with the disease, as well as those who have had to deal with periodical drunkards: " I was a periodical drunkard and could always tell when one of my attacks was coming on. My pulse would gradually begin to beat faster and faster, and would, after a week's fight against liquor, run as high as 140. I would arrange my business so that I could leave home and would then go away and drink des- perately for a -month or more. I have gone until my feet would swell so that a vein would burst and fill my shoe with blood. My father one day thus up- braided me : ' I can understand how a man, out with a party of friends, can be Jed off, but how a man can arrange his affairs as you do, get drunk, you might say, in cold-blooded premeditation, is something I do not understand. I attempted to explain, but could not, and referred the matter to our family physician . 'Do you mean to lellme,' said he, 'that whisky, the very remedy we use in heart failure, is the only thing that will reduce your pu'lse ?' ' I do,' I answered. ' I can't believe it. Come to my office the next time you are attacked.' One day, in company with my father, I called on the doctor. I held out my hand. The doctor timed my pulse 140. He vainly tried medi cine after medicine, and finally said: 'I don't understand it.' 'Give me some whisky,' said I. He gave me a* glass of liquor and my pulse dropped to eighty. ' I give it up,' said he, and then, turning to my father, said : 'Mr. Lyons, your son can't help it. It is a disease.' The doctor afterwards ' wrote me up' for a medical journal. I was sent to Boston to be treated, but my disease broke out apain while I was under treatment. I was taken to Paris, but I was compelled to drink, and came home hopeless. One morning my father called my attention loan article in the New "York Sun. [The Snn's attention was called to the Keeley cure by articles in the Chicago Tribune.} It recounted the wonderful cures that had been effected by Dr. Keeley 's bichloride of gold treatment. I had never heard of Dwight, and , having failed of a cure in the world's most famous city, had no faith in Dr. Keeley, but, several days later, when I felt an attack coming on, I started for Dwight. I was almost a madman when I arrived, and as soon as I saw the doctor I began to explain the peculiarity of my case. 'Yes,' he said, cutting me off, ' nearly every man THE ENCYCLOPEDIA. 371 has a peculiar case. How long has it been since you drank?' 'About a month,' I answered. 'Well, then you don't need any whisky. 'But/ I almost raved, ' I must have it. See, my pulse is running away with me. You don't seem to understand my case.' He made no reply to my statement, but quietly requested me to expose my left arm. I did so, and he injected his pink fluid, and then, giving me a bottle of tonic, dismissed me. If I could have boarded a train I would have left in disgust; but as I could not, I went to bed after taking a dose of the tonic. I got up and took a dose several times during the night, and was surprised at morning to find that my pulse had gone down, but the thirst was still strong upon me, and I hastened to the doctor's office. He gave me a ' shot ' in reply to my demand for liquor, and I was again sent away with the instructions to take my tonic regularly. Well, within a week's time my thirst was entirely gone and my nerves were stronger than they had been for years. I would not be in the condition I was when I came here, if there were no such treatment in view, for a million dollars, for in that condition money could only supply the means of destruction." Information for tlie Interested. The Leslie E. Keeley Company has pre- pared the following necessary information for those who are interested in the double chloride of gold remedies. It should be read carefully. We are called upon in hundreds of letters, which daily come to this office, to answer questions regarding our ti eatment, methods, general expenses * nd usual time necessary for a complete and thorough cure of the liquor habit; and finding it impos- sible to spare time for each letter in detail, we embody the necessary informati n in this general letter to meet such inquiries, and thus insure more prompt knowltdge on the subject. FIRST, Dr. Keeley has been in this SPECIAL department of medicine twelve years, nuring which time he has favtd more fathers, sons, husbands and brothers, than have all 01 her means to the same end siuce the be* inning > f the century. SKCOND, we aie con -tuntly crowdt d with patients from eve r y state and t-rrit r ry in t^e Union, here for a cure of the Liquor disease, who cume and po with unvarying regularity every THREE WEEKS. Tbey are from every walk in life, from toe capitalist to the mech. nic. We hav^ no Sanitarium Builoings, no behind "stonewalls" or "iron bars " for patients. Our system dots not requ re them. Patients coming to Dwight go to good, comfortable hotels or l;oarding houses, take their remedy there EVERY TWO HOURS while awake, and report at the general office FOUR TIMES DAILY, AT STATED INTERVALS, FOR AUXILIARY TREATMENT this as a part of their exercise. THIRD, the time here is three weeks, and in that three weeks Mr. Keeley will do more for a liquor habitue than can be d ne for him elsewhere on th '. face of the globe in three years he will give him a cure a cure that will come to him 1 ke a benediction f r< m God, without aid or t ffort of his part, and come to stay Dr. Keeley does not hesitate t> give every i.qu r hanitue coming here all the l.quor necessary until he drops it of his own volition, which is usually in from 36 t > 48 hou s after commencing TREATMENT. He then drops it, never to take it up again while life lasts, as never again is it a necessity or a temptation. We nave but one i rice to all c mers, namely, $25/0 a week for REMEDY and TREATMENT; board is extra, and costs from $5 to $1 per week, according to inclination and pur*-. In all Remedy sent out for HOME TREATMENT we embody a limited amount of the SUPPORT SOLUTION hereto! ore mentioned as AUXILIARY TREATMENT in the men- strum of the Remedy. In this manner we tty to give as nearly as possible Treatment identical with toat at Dwight. We arealw.-,ys anxious to make a Cure in every case to which the Remedy is sent, and to do this we urge constant and accurate REPORTS sent in every THIRD day. These renorts are answered by a personal letter of advice and instruction, and through this method we take charge of each case from beginning to finish, and thus protect the Cure. We always enclose a Report-blank to those desiring HOME TREATMENT. This filled out accurately enables us to gold-grade Remedy to meet, as nearly as pos- sible, the conditions bo given, and to secure best results. We counsel no liquor given in HOME TREATMENT unless to absolutely pupport and sustain. Then only in small quantities and at long intervals. When the Remedy takes full hold upon the system the patient will not want liquor. 372 tfmbE TO CHICAGO.* The price of the Remedy for Home Treatment is $9 per pair, and being a liquid must be sent by Express. Cash with the order will save return Express charges, otherwise shipments are made C. O. D. Inebriety a Disease. From a lecture delivered at Chicago by Dr. Leslie E. Keeley, under the auspices of the Press Club: " I do not claim that society is yet ready to accept the conclusion that confirmed inebriates are morally irresponsible, but society is now obliged to accept the fact that confirmed inebriety is a disease. The evidences of this fact comprise all the evidence there is of the existence of any disease. There is poison as a cause. There are symptoms and signs of disease. These facts have long been known, but there is no w the additional evidence which is confirmatory that the disease of inebriety is curable by medicine. The moral factor of inebriety has always stood in the way of recognition by the public that ine- briety is a disease. The alcoholized patient, or culprit, or prisoner is held responsible morally because he buys the poison voluntarily, and takes it him- self, which brings into the case the factor of vice.$jewed from th,e standpoint of law and morality. Setting aside this factor, there is no difference in general terms between drunkenness or alcoholism and typhoid fever or insanity- and, in fact, when we continue the analysis of the features of likeness there is no difference. The germ diseases as typhoid-fever, consumption, scarlet-fever and diphtheria, are caused by germ poisons, and it was formerly the custom to call these diseases "providential" or visitations from God, the reason being that the cause was unknown. Now, however, that the cause is known we learn that the public and individuals are as responsible morally for the exist- ence of the poisons as they are for the existence of alcohol. A man who refuses to be vaccinated or refuses this protection to his family is responsible if small-pox is the consequence. Communities which neglect sanitation and have a death rate of ten or twenty above the minimum rate per 1,000, are responsible for the consequent sickness and death. An individual who uses water that he knows, or should know, may be contaminated and gets typhoid fever therefrom is morally as responsible as the man who drinks alcohol until he becomes a drunkard. From these facts, then, I can see no difference in a general sense between the disease of inebriety and typhoid fever or other dis- eases. They are all, every one, caused by poisons which produce the disease, and individuals and communities are equally responsible from the moral standpoint for all diseases that are preventible. Inebriety also bears the same relation to cure and prevention that other diseases do. All diseases, includ- ing inebriety, should be prevented rather than cured, but this world, while truly seeking the art of preventing all diseases, has not yet reached the goal. The foundation of. this disease, with its manifestations of periodical inebriety, consists in a characteristic variation of the tissue cells of the brain, which can be caused by nothing else than alcohol. This variation of cells is partly lost or cured naturally during the rhythmiciulerval of sobriety, but for the reason that force underlies this manifestation and that all force is physically rhythmic, this condition returns again; that is, the manifestation of inebriety again returns and again recedes, and that is what makes the habitual drunk- ard. D wight is called the 'court of last resort for God's unfortunates,' and I think justly so. I will take any liquor habitue there, soddened and saturated by twenty years of alcoholic debauch, sober him in two hours, cut short his worst spree in four hours, take him from inebriety to perfect sobriety without nervous shock or distress, and leave him anti pathetic to alcoholic stimulants of every sort and kind inside of three days and, in the meantime, will give THE ENCYCLOPEDIA. 373 him all the liquor he asks for; this, with the confident assurance that he will drop it of his own volition in from thirty-six to forty-eight hours. Never again will he want or desire it, though he should live a hundred years, and if he goes back to liquor he will do so, not because of want or desire, but simply with intention to resume his old habits. The sobering up process at Dwight is a small matter, though one much dreaded by theinebriate at home. I take him from inebriety to perfect sobriety much as a ship is lifted from the water to the dry-docks without strain. The formulae for the cure of inebriety and opium habit, which I have discovered after years of experimental work, has never yet been published and never will be, for general use. I am aware that alleged analyses of my formulae are published in the newspapers. I pronounce them unqualifiedly false. I rest easy upon the matter of analysis, otherwise I would not send my remedy broadcast over the world to whoever culls for it. It would take a river of it to make a quantitative or qualitative analysis, or, in other words, an analysis in fact. To give to the general pub- lic the formulae from which my remedy is compounded would be to simply destroy its efficacy as a cure. The remedy is not a proprietary one, similar to the many others known as patent medicines upon the market in drug stores. It is a complete system which must be closely watched from beginning to finish, and from which no detail can be omitted without endangering its success." Keeley as a Man. Opie P. Reed in a letter to the Chicago Tribune. In- stantly upon meeting Dr. Keeley, a student of character feels that he is in the presence of a great man, nor does this impression grow less with acquaint- ance. On the contrary, the first "conception is strengthened. I have seen great generals and have interviewed statesmen, and have come away feeling that the public had overrated them; but the more I contemplate Dr. Keeley the more am I convinced that he u really a great man a great scientist. He is surely doing more good than any man living to-day; more good than any statesman or any philanthropist. He is the restorer of happiness to homes that have long been the abode of misery; he is healing the broken hearts of wretched mothers and wives, and is giving back to man his forfeited claim upon happiness. He firmly takes in a despair and gently turns it out a hope. .Keeley Institutes Branches. A large number of important branches of the Keeley Institute have been established. These are scattered throughout the country. * In the near future it is likely that one or more branch institutions will be found in every State in the Union, in Canada and in the different countries of Europe. The following is a list of the authorized State agencies operating under the name and title of "The Keeley Institute," in existence up to March 1, 1892. These comprise the only genuine representatives for the treatment of patients with the Dr. Leslie E. Keeley double chloride of gold remedies: The Keeley Institute, Paris, Texas. The Keeley Institute, Des Moines, Iowa. The Keeley Institute, 530 Locust St., Philadelphia, Pa. Tne Keeley Institute, White Plains, N. Y. Tne Keeley Institute, Marysville, Ohio. The Keeley Institute, Edgewood ave. and Ivy St., Atlanta, Ga The Keeley Institute, Valley City, N. D. Tha Keeley Institute, Plainfield, Ind, 374 GUIDE TO CHICAGO. The Keeley Institute, cor. Third and Madison sts., Portland Ore. The Keeley Institute, Blair, Neb. The Keeley Institute, Hot Springs, Ark. The Keeley Institute, Lancaster, Wis. The Keeley Institute, 3811 Fifth ave., Pittsburgh, Pa. The Keeley Institute, Palatka, Fla. The Keeley Institute, Leavenworth, Kas. The Keeley Institute, Sioux Falls, 8. D. The Keeley Institute, Olympia, Wash. The Keeley Institute, Cheyenne, Wyo. The Keeley Institute, Greensboro, N. C. The Keeley Institute, Salem, Va. The Keeley Institute, Farmington, Me. The Keeley Institute, Oklahoma City, Ind. Ty. The Keeley Institute, Los Gatos, Cal. The Keeley Institute, Hot Springs, S. D. The Keeley Institute, Madisonville, Ohio. The Keeley Institute, North Couway, N. H. The Keeley Institute, Northville, Mich. The Keeley Institute, West Haven, Conn. The Keeley Institute, Cherokee, Iowa. The Keeley Institute, Gardo House, Salt Lake City, Utah. The Keeley Institute, Westfield, N. Y. The Keeley Institute, 1607 Sanderson ave., Scranton, Pa. The Keeley Institute, Binghamton, N. Y. The Keeley Institute, Beatrice, Neb. The Keeley Institute, St. Joseph, Mo. The Keeley Institute, Denver, Colo. The Keeley Institute, Colorado Springs, Colo. The Keeley Institute, Columbia, S. C. The Keeley Institute, Topeka, Kan. The Keeley Institute, O'Neill, Neb. The Keeley Institute, Memphis, Tenn. The Keeley Institute, Waukesha, Wis. The Keeley Institute, Excelsior Spring?, Mo. Keeley Institute, Chicago. At this writing it is impossible to say what the plans of the Keeley Company are regarding the establishment of an Insti- tute in the city of Chicago. That one will be established is certain. Negotia- tions are understood to be in progress for the purchase of a large and hand- some structure on the South Side. Keeley Institutes, Foreign. Keeley Institutes have been provided for throughout Great Britain and Ireland. Branch institutes will also be estab- lished in Norway, Sweden, Russia and Australia at an early day. It is highly probable that within a year there will be Keeley Institutes in every considerable city and town on the continent of Europe. Xeeley Institute, Winnetka. The Leslie E. Keeley Company has pur- chased a tract of sixty acres of land on the bluffs overlooking- Lake Michigan between Winnetka and Fort Sheridan, one of the most beautiful spots on the north shore. Here will probably be ereetrd in the nenr future a group of buildings which will form the nucleus of the Central Keeley Institute of the World. It is not improbable that Dr. Keeley will reside here. So far as is THE ENCYCLOPEDIA. 375 known, the intention is to preserve the Institute at Dwight intact. It would be out of place here to make any predictions as to the future of the Winnetka Institute, as Dr. Keeley's plans have not been given to the public. Keeley Institute, Parent Rouse. Located at Dwight, 111. This institute is under the immediate supervision of LeslieE. Keeley.M. D.,LL. D., discoverer of the Keeley remedies. This is the center from which all branch institutes derive their authority, receive their supplies and obtain their medical direc- tors. Connected with the present institute is the laboratory of the com- pany, in charge of Prof. John R. Oughton, and the business department of the company in charge of MajoT Curtis J. Judd . The medical department is in charge of Dr. J. E. Elaine, who ranks as chief of staff. His assistants are all regularly-graduated physicians and men of high standing in the profession, some of them being specialists of established reputation. The attendance of . / patients here is always much larger than at any of the branches, frequently I reaching upward of 1,000, although the treatment received is precisely the same at all Keeley institutes. All physiciansplacedin charge of branches receive their training here. They are not permitted to administer the remedies until they shall have first thoroughly familiarized themselves with the peculiar methods pursued under Dr. Keeley's system, with the use of the needle and with the various phases oHhe different diseases arising from the use of alcohol and narcotics. The buildings which compose the Keeley Institute at Dwight consist of a beautiful structure, known as the " Laboratory," in which the general accounting room sand offices of the ptiysicians are located; the treat- ment hall; the Livingston Hotel; a sanitarium for women; a home for attendants, where bad cases are first lodged; the Bi-Chloride of Gold Club apartments, and various buildings scattered throughout the village. The Livingston occupies the site of Dr. Keeley's old office, where he toiled along for over twelve years, unrecognized by his profession, and almost unknown to the world. The Laboratory building contains the following departments: Laboratory for the dispensing of the general line of medicines used in this treatment. Offices for the clerical purposes necessary for so large a business, also for the use of the lady stenographers of which they have to employ at present fifteen, besides book-keepers, clerks, etc. The Treatment Hall is removed from this structure, and convenient to the club rooms, where patients lounge and amuse themselves. Here at the proper hours [see Rules and Regulations] the patients form into lines for treatment. An illustration of the method pursued is given in this work. This shows Dr. Keeley in the foreground, noting the condition of patients as they pass from the hands of the operating physicians. The four daily hypodermic injections are given in the left arm, a slit being made in the shirt sleeves of the patients, as a rule, although many prefer to roll the sleeve up to the shoulder. At each operating table there are two physicians, one to use the needle, the other to see tha patients are provided with remedies for minor indispositions. The former observes closely the pupils of the eyes of every patient as he approaches, and regulates the injection accordingly. A third physician stands in the rear of these (in the position of Dr . Keeley as shown in the engraving) who takes each patient by the wrist after treatment, as he passes out, to note the tem- perature of the body, condition of skin, dilation of pupil, etc., and also enquires regarding the general health of the subject. One line is usually reserved for new patients, and the physician who is detailed to attend to the duty last named, in this line, also supplies the liquor required in two-ounce, four-ounce or eight-ounce bottles, as the case may be. No patient is refused 376 GUIDE TO CHICAGO. whisky. Just so long as he desires it, it is freely given. He usually declines it twenty-four hours after the treatment has begun. Leslie E. Keeley Company, The. The Leslie E. Keeley'Company, of Dwight, 111., is a corporate body. It was organized under the laws of this State for the manufacture and sale of the Leslie E. Keeley remedies for the cure of the alcohol, opium, morphine, tobacco and similar habits, and for the treatment of nervous diseases generally. Leslie E. Keeley, M. D. LL. D., the discoverer of the double chloride of gold cure, is president; Mr. John R. Oughton, the chemist of the institute, is vice-president; Major Curtis J. Judd, the business manager of the institute, is secretary and treasurer. It is under- stood that the entire capital stock of the company is controlled by these three men. Messrs. Oughton and Judd became interested in the Keeley discoveries long before the double chloride of gold remedies had achieved a reputation, and remained steadfast in their faith, although it appeared many times that the discoveries made by Dr. Keeley would never obtain the recoguition which they deserved, and which they are now receiving throughout the world. Medical Staff. The medical staff of the Keeley Institute at Dwight is composed as follows: LESLIE E. KEELEY, M. D., LL. D., JOHN E. ELAINE, M. D., Chief of Staff ', Milton R. Keeley, M. D., T. D. Williams, M. D., Allan Burdick, M. D., E. G. Dick, M. D., Russell Broughton, M. D., F. D. Martin, M. D., Norton Brokaw, M. D., W. M. Brown, M. D., I. L. Compton, M. D., W. W. Steele, M.. D. Newspapers. The Star and Herald of Dwight is the leading newspaper. It is a weekly and well edited and a large amount of space is devoted to the club affairs and other information of interest to patients and graduates. It is customary for graduates upon leaving to subscribe for the Star and Herald that they may be kept acquainted with the movements of their associates and other matters connected with the institute. The Banner of Gold, a weekly newspaper devoted to the interests of Keeley graduates, and a publication of high literary merit, is issued from Chicago. [See Banner of Gold, under head of "Newspapers. "1 No Restraint. From a lecture delivered in Chicago, before theBi-Chloride of Gold club by Maj. Curtis J. Judd: "The old method of treatment doctors had come to believe in, and of course it was difficult to argue with them and to bring them to see matters as he did. The argument against Dr. Keeley was that he could not do what he claimed because it never had been done. Dr.. Keeley contended that he could effect a cure of the liquor and opium habits by treating them as diseases. He would use no force in the matter whatever, but whoever came under his treatment should be simply a resident of the village he was in, and have all the liberty that he had where he came from. They should be merely tempora/y residents of Dwight. Dr. Keeley claimed that the voluntary assent of the patient to be under his treat- mentdistinguished the mind sufficiently; that undt r no consideration did he consider the disease of inebriety, even to the extent of delirium tremens, a case for confinement; and he never has done it. That is one of the strongest features in his treatment that a necessity does not exist for confinement in any case. I can not remember of a single case of delirium tremens where THE ENCYCLOPEDIA. 377 the patient himself was vicious. You may read the medical books and hear people talk of public and private asylums, and you will hear of nothing but viciousness on the part of inebriates. That is what surprises me. Dr. Kee- ley's theory was that you made these cases vicious by confinement, by forc- ing them to do what in their own judgment was wrong. By employ- ing coercion, as Dr. Keeley terms it, you are creating what you try to cure, a species of madness or insanity. That is the exterior treatment of inebriety. It is carried out to-day identically as Dr. Keeley laid his plans ten years ago. He is carrying out what he has studied and made a life-work for the last twenty -five years." Other so-called Gold Cures. The compiler of this work has been requested to call attention to the institutes established in Chicago and elsewhere claiming to be conducted on the same principle as the Keeley Institute at- Dwight. While he has, in a few instances at least, no reason to doubt the honesty of purpose behind some of these establishments, he has every reason to doubt it as regards some others. He has no personal knowledge of the efficacy of the cures said to be performed by them. He has personal knowl- edge of the efficacy of the Keeley cure. He does not hesitate to say here that he has received the benefits of the Dwight treatment. He considers the cure of inebriety too serious a question to be trifled with, and can not give his indorsement to institutions of which he knows nothing. He gives hie indorsement to the Keeley remedies cheerfully and without qualification. Photography. The photograph studio of the Dwight Art Company is worthy of a visit from the stranger. Here are collected innumerable photo- graphs, showing in groups and individual portiaitsthe men who have passed through the Keeley Institute at Dwight. It is customary among the patients, from time to time, to have their pictures taken in what is known as " contin- gents." For example, groups of Chicagoans of the different classes may be seen here, as well as groups of Missourians, Kentuckians, New Yorkers, etc. The art gallery is well conducted and very well executed photographs are produced here. Pocket Money. Patients at Dwight are not supposed to carry any great amount of money with them. Whatever amounts they may bring are expected to be deposited with the Keeley Institute, where a credit is given, and upon which the patient may draw, from time to time, within certain lim- itations. Necessary articles may be procured from the stores in the village by patients upon giving an order on the Keeley Company. Lending money is positively prohibited. The occasions when an attempt is made to borrow, however, are very rare. Post-Office. The post-office at Dwight is in charge of the Hon. J. B. Par- sons, who has for assistants persons who are in sympathy with the patients and who do their utmost toward accommodating them. In many respects this post-office is an anomaly. During a single month there may be from one thousand to fifteen hundred.changes in the complexion of the letter addresses. From twenty -five to forty arrivals and departures occur every day. The great bulk of the mail received must pass through the general delivery. Unlike the average post-office in a small town, the assistants can never become perfectly familar with faces of persons calling for mail. There are received at the Dwight Post-office every-day for distribution, hundreds of letters addressed to new names. There are also deposited in the post-office numer- ous letters without any addresses, many with the addresses only partially com- 378 GUIDE TO CHICAGO. plete and many others addressed to the writers. These letters are usually written within the three or four days after the arrival of the patients at Dwight, when their minds are confused. Notwithstanding all this, the letters addressed to or addressed by patients, as a general rule, reach their destina- tion. Railroad Communication. The Chicago & Alton is the only railroad touching Dwight directly. From Chicago take train at Union Depot, West Side. All trains stop here. From Kansas City and St. Louis, and from all points on the Alton system, Dwight may be reached directly. Pullman sleepers on all through trains. Chair cars are run free. The Alton Com- pany and employes pay special attention to patients destined for Dwight, and will see to their safety and comfort. Rules and Regulations. The following are the rules and regulations gov- erning the course of treatment at Dwight. In effect these laws govern the treatment at all branch institutes: FIRST . No patient accepted for a less period than three weeks' 1 course of treatment. All patients are required to register and arrange all financial matters with the treas- urer on arrival. Borrowing or loaning money between patients is positively prohibited. SECOND. Stiict regularity must be observed in the use of Remedy every two hours during the day, and promptness at the office for 1 hypodermic ireatnfent four times daily, viz.: 8:00 o'clock A. M., 12 o'clock noon, 5 o'clock p. M., 7:30 o'clock p. M. If for any good reason patients are unable to attend office treatment, physicians will visit their residence. THIRD. The remedy for internal use is compounded to meet individual require- ments, and all exchanging or loaning between patients is interdicted. FOURTH. The use of tobacco in any form is prohibited for fifteen minutes before and fifteen minutes after office treatment. FIFTH. Cigarette smoking and gambling will be punished by dismissal. SIXTH. Baths are prescribed at least twice each week. SEVENTH. Patients are requested to preserve silence in the office, while in line or when through office treatment. EIGHTH. Gentlemanly deportment is expected from nil, and profanity, lewd con- versation, boisterous conduct on the street, at hotels or boarding houses, will be severely reprimanded, and if persisted in will be visited by prompt expulsion. NINTH. Strangers visiting Dwight, as well as the residents, must not be annoyed in any manner; and graduates should be permitted to take their departure without unnecessary demonstration. TENTH . Statements will be furnished from the office at c|ose of treatment, and all are requested to present complete board accounts in ample time for adjustment. All changes in boarding locations should ba promptly reported to the effice. ELEVENTH. Every patient accepting treatment at Dwight must comply with these rules in every particular Rules are not made to be broken at Dwight. Once made their observ- ance is imperative. No patient, no matter who he may be, or what influence there is behind him, can break a rule with impunity. If it is deemed best for the good of his associates, he is expelled summarily. Dwight, like opportunity, only knocks once at a man's door. If he fails to profit by his experience there he can never return. This is an absolute rule. Dr. Keely expects every man who visits Dwight for treatment to be, above everything else, a gentlemen. Ilis condition, his clothing, his nativity, his creed, are not noticed, but his conduct is watched closely. If he does not behave himself, once sobered, like a man, he is invited to leave, and can never return. Slang. The use of slang phrases in connection with the Keeley treat- ment is prohibited. There are certain expressions which are particularly obnoxious to Dr. Keeley. There is one expression, however, that will prob- ably outlive all interdiction. It has come to be a word of general usage among the patients and graduates. The word is " shot" and is used in connection with the hypodermic treatment. It is short, succinct and expressive. It is illll EN'CYCI.OI'KDtA. 379 much easier for a patient to say, " I Lave taken iny shot," than it is to say, " I have taken my hypodermic injection." It is not used in a contemptuous way. The treatment hall is called at times the ' ' shot tower " and the ' ' shoot- ing gallery." Of course, these expressions are not used in the hearing of Dr. Keeley. Sympathy. No class of invalids are so ready to Deceive sympathy as those recovering from the effects of a debauch, and none appreciate it more. The first thing the patient learns at Dwight is that every one of the hundreds who march in line with him is, like himself, a being struggling to escape from the slavery of drink. He soon discovers also that every one of the at- tending physicians is a Dwight graduate, and that many of the employes of the institute have been-cured by Dr. Keeley of the same disease that has brought him here. This establishes what the French call an entente cordiale at once. The bond of sympathy grows stronger daily. His story is not new. He does not feel embarrassed. He visits the club and is received with open arms by its members. There is no chaffing or vulgar " guying." He is surprised at first to find so many gentlemen at Dwight. Later on he is more surprised if he finds any one among his associates who is not a gentleman. There is an esprit de corps among the physicians and the patients, and the seven, eight or ten hundred men live together in perfect peace and harmony. Taking the Remedy. The remedy is taken every two hours. Patients usually carry two two-ounce bottles. One of these contains a portion of the remedy taken from the bottle supplied by the Institute which is too bulky to carry around conveniently. The other is used as a "graduate," into which is measured a teaspoonful of the medicine. The bottle is then filled with water. This constitutes a dose and the dose is taken when due, no mat- ter where the patient may happen to be at the time. The stranger in Dwight will be surprised to see patients during the progressof a club meeting, or a church service, or on the street, or at a social gathering, raising these two- ounce bottles to their mouths and swallowing their medicine, apparently oblivious to the fact that they are in company, or utterly careless of it. They are at Dwight for this purpose. It is the first thing to be considered. They take their medicine regularly, no matter where they are. This is necessary to their cure. What the Treatment Does. There is no claim by Dr. Keeley or any of his patients, present or past, that his treatment will prevent drinking. It will not drug a man out of a saloon by the heels. In many cases there is a positive distaste for liquor. In others there is not. All that is claimed is that the taste for alcohol is destroyed. The craving is gone. If, without any craving-, a man desirei to contract the habit again, he can do so, although in the majority of cases repeated trials are necessary before the stomach will retain a drink of whisky. The man is placed where he was before he learned to drink. If he disregards the lesson of the past, and if the sorrow and misery of his .years of drunkenness have made no impression upon him, he can again become a drunkard, but he can never again be enrolled among the list of Dr. Keeley 's patients, for there is no use of curing a man who will not profit by experience. In the case of 95 per cent, of the persons who leave Dwight, the cure is permanent. The other 5 per cent, is made up chiefly, if not exclu- sively, of fools who can not be taught, and of very young men who have not suffered enough to learn the lesson that they can not play with fire without being burned. The men and women composing the 95 ""er cent, have no 380 GUIDE TO CHICAGO. more taste for liquor than for castor oil or kerosene, but they know that they are in that condition solely through the treatment they have received here in Dwight. LIBRARIES. / The Libraries ofrChicago are keeping pace with the growth of the city ID other directiocs. There are many very large and valuable private collections which it would be useless to refer to here, for the reason that they are not accessible to visitors or students. The leading clubs also have large librariep, to which they are adding almost daily, which are epen only to members. The Public Library is treated of in Part II of this work. The*Newberry Library will be in the near future one of the greatest reference libraries in the country. The Crerar Library, provided for by a bequest of the late John Crerar, will become a reality within a short time. The varioussocieties and associations of the city have libraries, with collections vary ing in numbers from a few toseveral thousand volumes. The university and college libraries are all large and are growing. Following are the libraries, however, of most interest to visitors and students: Armour Mission Library. Located in the Armour Mission, Thirty-third and Butterfield sts. The library is growing rapidly. It is free to the public, [See Armour Mission.] Chicago Athenceum Library. Present location 44 and 54 Dearborn st. [See Chicago Athenaeum.] Open week days from 8 A. M. to 9 P. M. Visitors are welcome. Chicago Branch of I. T. and M. Society Library. The library of the Chi- cago Branch of the International Tract and Missionary Society is located at 26 and 28 College place. Chicago Historical Society Library. Located at 142 Dearborn ave., North Side. President, Edward J. Mason; vice-presidents, Gep. W. Smith, A. C. McClurg; secretary and librarian, John Moses. Open daily from 9 A. M. to 5 p. \c. Take North Clark st. cable line. This is one of the most interesting and at the same time one of the most neglected, and perhaps, generally speak- ing, the least known of the important institutions thathave grown up in Chicago. Hyde Park Lyceum. Located at 136 Fifty-third st., former town of Hyde Park. This is a library and reading room, to which visitors are invited. Illinois Tract Society Library. Located at 26-28 College pi. This library and reading room is conducted by the Second Adventists. Lincoln St. M. E. Free Library. Located at South Lincoln and Ambrose sts. John Crerar Library, The. This library, which at no very remote period will be one of the grandest in Chicago, does not exist at present, but is pro- vided for in the fiftieth clause of the will of the late John Crerar, a wealthy merchant of Chicago (who died in 1890), which reads as follows : " Recog- nizing the fact that I have been a resident of Chicago since 1862, and that the greater part of my fortune has been accumulated here, and acknowledg- THE ENCYCLOPEDIA 381 ing with hearty gratitude the kindness whfck has always been extended to me by ray many friends and by my business and social acquaintances and associates, I give, devise and bequeath all the rest, remainder and residue of my estate, both real and personal, for the erec- tion, creation, maintenance O5 endowment of a free public library to be called ' THE JOHN CRE/^AR LIBRARY,' and to be located in the city of Chicago, Illinois ; a preference being given to the South Division o^f the city, inasmuch as the Newberry library will be located in the North Divi- sion. I direct that my executors and trustees cause an act of incorporation under the laws of Illinois to be procured to carry out the purposes of this bequest, and I request that Norman Williams be made the first president thereof, and that in addition to rny executors and trustees the following named friends of mine will act as the first board of directors in such corpora- tion and aid and assist my executors and trustees therein, namely : Marshall Field, E. W. Blatchford, T. B. Blackstone, Robert T. Lincoln, Henry W. Bishop, Edward G. Mason, Albert Keep, Edson Keith, Simon J. McPherson, John M. Clark and George A. Armour, or their survivors. I desire the build- ing to be tasteful, substantial and fire-proof, and that a sufficient fund be reserved over and above the cost of its construction to provide, maintain and support a library for all time. I desire the books and periodicals selected with a view to create and sustain a healthy moral and Christian sentiment in the community, and that all nastiness and immorality be excluded. I do not mean by this that there shall not be anything but hymn books and sermons, but I mean that * * * and all skeptical trash and works of questionable moral tone shall never be found in this library. I want its atmosphere that of Christian refinement and its aim and object the building up of character, and I rest content that the friends I have named will carry out my wishes in these particulars."- This bequest, it is estimated, willamounttoabout$2,000,- 000. Newberry Library. Temporarily located on the northwest corner of Oak and State sts., North Side. Take North State street or North Clark street car. The entire block bounded by Clark and Oak streets, Dearborn avenue and Walton Place, is the site of the permanent building, now being erected. It fronts south on Walton Place; and directly opposite is Washington Square, an open public park. The building is three hundred feet long and sixty feet wide, and one of the most attractive architectural structures in the city. It has the capacity of storing and using a million volumes. The block measures about 67,000 feet, and only a portion of it will be covered by the first structure. The three other fronts will be built upon in the future when the growth of the library requires larger accommodations. The location, known as the " Ogden Block," formerly contained one large wooden mansion house, which after the great fire oM 871 was pointed out to visitors as being the only building on the North Side which was saved from the fire. A REFERENCE LIBRARY. The Newberry Library circulates no books, and is used only as a reference library, as is the Astor Library of New York, the British Museum of London, the Bibliotheque Nationale of Paris, anfl nearly all the great libraries of the world. Readers use books only in the building, where the most ample accommodations will be furnished when the building is completed. Limited accommodations are now provided for 382 GUIDE TO CHICAGO. readers in the temporary building. It is a public and free institution in the largest sense. No introductions ror fees of any description are required, and no inquiries are made as to the place of the reader's residence. Any visi- tor from any quarter of the globe receives the same privileges and attentions as the residents of Chicago. FOUNDER OF THE LIBKARY. The founder of the institution was Mr. Walter L. Newberry, one of the early settlers, on the North Side, and a large owner of real estate. By his will he endowed it with property, largely real estate, valued from two and a half to three million dollars, which is con- stantly increasing in value. PRESENT COLLECTION. As it is a new library, and as yet without a per- manent building, the interest attached to it pertains more to its future develop- ment than to its present acquisition. The purchase of books begun about four years ago in limited quantities. The collection now numbers about 80,- 000 volumes, and is chiefly in the line of scientific and scholarly works; scarcely any attention has been given to what is termed popular reading, inas- much as the Chicago Public Library freely supplies this class of literature. The chief aim has been to procure works which other libraries do not supply. Its department of bibliography is very full, and one of the best in the coun- try. It has made a specialty of music, and has the scores of all the great masters. Its collection of oratorios, operas and cantatas is very large; and Avorks on the history, theory and science of music, the biographies of musi- cians and the history of musical instruments are quite complete. The antiquities of music are very fully represented in a valuable library purchased entire in Florence, Italy, in which is the first opera ever publicly performed, and was printed in Florence in 1600. Mr. Theodore Thomas and Mr. Walter Damrosch say this is the laigest and most valuable musical library in the country. RECENT ACQUISITIONS Good progress has been made in procuring com- plete sets of the rare and expensive scientific serials of Europe. Recently the valuable private library of a gentleman in Cincinnati has been purchased, who had been a zealous collector of the earliest editions of classical writers, of Shakespeare, Dante, Petrarch and others, of the early printers before ir>00, of elegant illustrated works, and art-bindings from the time of Grolier to that of Trantz-Bauzonnet and Bedford. When the new building is completed an exhibition of art book binding can be made which will be most interesting. The Trustees are E. W. Blatchford and Wm. H. Bradley, and the libra- rian, Wm. F. Poole, L.D. Pullman Public Library. Located at 73 and 75 Arcade Building, Pull- man. [See Pullman.] Ravenswood Public Library .-^Loc&ieA at Commercial and Salger sis., Ravenswood. [See Ravenswood.] South Chicago Public Library. Located in the Bowen School Building, Ninety-third st. and Houston ave. Union Catholic Library. Located at 94 Dearborn st. Conducted by the Catholic Library Association: founded in 1868. Present membership 31'), number of volumes 2.500. Officers: Charles T. Mais, president; John E. Murphy, vice-president; Frank II. Graham, recording secretary. The library rooms are fitted up comfortably. Tt ere is seating capacity for almost four hundred persons. The Association is constantly adding to the number of volumes on the shelves of its library. Open from 12 M. to 6 P. M. Sundays from 3 to 6 P. M. THE ENCYCLOPEDIA.. 383 Western New Church Library. Located at 17 Van Buren st. Open 9 A. M. tO 5 P. M. Wheeler Library. Located at 1113 Washington blvd., in Western Theo- logical Seminar}-. [For other libraries, see " Clubs," " Educational Institutions, "etc.] LIFE-SAVING STATIONS. Chicago Life- Saving Station. Northwest corner of the harbor, upon iiJinois Central railroad land. It occupies 40 by 75 feet. This Ration is looked upon here and at Washington as being a disgrace to the service. Plans are formed which will shortly give Chicago the finest life-saving station in the world. The Superintendent of the Life-Saving Service is strongly in favor of the improvement. Capt. T. St. Peter commanding. Evanston Life-Saving Station. Located on the lake shore of the suburb of Evauston, on the Northwestern University grounds. The crew is com- posed of students of the University, and is commanded by Captain Lawrence O. Lawson, an experienced seaman. The crew consists of the following, the classes from which they will graduate being indicated: Stroke, F. M. Kindig, '92; No. 2, E. B. Fowler, '93; No. 3, W. M. Ewing, '93; No. 4, J. A. Loin- ing, '95; No. 5, W. L. Wilson, '92; No. 6, R. N. Holt, '93; No. 7. W. W. Wil- kinson, '94. Theaverage age of the members of thecrew is twenty two years, but they are all sturdy, muscular, well-formed and fearless young men. The Evanston life-saving station has long been recognizi d by the naval board as one of the finest, best-drilled stations in the country. It has an enviable record, having saved and assisted to shore over two hundred and forty-five human beings. In 1889 the station did more work and saved more lives (or, as modest Captain Lawson puts it, "assisted ashore more people") than all the twenty -two stations on the lakes accomplished in ihe two previous years, and more lives were saved that year by the Evanston crew than any other station in the country, except the one at Lewes, Del. The wonder and admiration increases when the youth of the life-savers is considered and the fact known that, excepting two who come from Chicago, all are from inland towns of the West Illinois, Michigan and Icdiana. When not pursuing their regular course of studies at the University, these student life savers are occupied in drilling with the beach apparatus, with the lifeboat, and in patrolling the beach. On Tuesday they drill with the boats; Wednesday is occupied in practicing the international code of signals with flags ; Thursday the beach apparatus, with its Lyle line gun, breeches buoy and tackle, is taken out; on Friday the men go through the movements of resuscitation, or reviving per- sons nearly drowned; Saturday is housecleaning day; Sunday, church;and Monday, a day of rest. This is a regular U. S. Government station, the men doing the same work and receiving the same salaries as the other lake stations. LIGHTHOUSES. Chicago Light. Chicago light is located on the inner pier, north side of Chicago river; was established in 1859; is a third order fixed white light, in a black skeleton iron tower; visible sixteen miles. This is the principal one of seven lights maintained by the government as aids to navigation near 384 GUIDE TO CHICAGO. the mouth of the Chicago river, The harbor here is the most important on the lakes, with a greater average number of daily arrivals and departures during the season of navigation than any other in the United States. This city is in the ninth light-house district, with Commander Charles E. Clark, United States Navy, as inspector, and Major William Ludlow, of the Corps of Engineers, United States Army, as engineer. The eleventh district for- merly embraced the three great lakes Michigan, Huron, and up to the national line of Superior. The ninth is a division of the eleventh district. It includes all aids to navigation on Lake Michigan, Green Bay and tributary waters lyjng west of a line drawn across the Straits of Mackinac at the nar- rowest part east of McGulpin's Point light station. Since the boundary of the district was established a fog signal has been placed at Old Mackinac Point, in the Straits, which is also included in the ninth district. Orib and Breakwater Lights. There are twolightson the old breakwater, both established in 1876; one of these, the south light, is a fifth order light, and the north is a lens lantern. At the new break water there are three lights, tubular lanterns, tended by two laborers. The light on the old north pier is a sixth order light, and has a fog bell struck by machinery. Calumet light, at South Chicago, is on the outer end of the pier north of Calumet river, eleven miles southeast of Chicago breakwater. It is a fourth order light, red, thirty-three feet above lake level, and is visible about twelve miles. It was established in 1873. Formerly it was in a tower rising above a structure on shore, but was in 1876 removed to its present quarters, which is fully a mile out on the pier. A beacon light is established at the old Crib. This light- house is provided and maintained by the city of Chicago. Grosse Point Light. The best light and light-house near Chicago is that at Grosse Point, just north of Evanston. It was established in 1873, and as it now stands complete has probably cost the Government more than $100,000, in addition to the expense of maintenance. Grosse Point light is a second order, fixed white coast light, varied by a red flash every three minutes, theregularity of the flashes being controlled by clock-work. The "lantern" is a prismatic lens, equaling in power 163 candles, and this feature of the outfit alone cost $15,000. The tower, from the water's level to the center of the lens, is 120 feet, being built of brick and having ninety-nine piles placed beneath the stone foundation. MILITARY. in Chicago are located the headquarters of the Military Department of the Missouri. The U. S. Military offices are located in the Pullman building, southwest corner of Michigan ave. and Adams street, Lake Front. General Phjlip H. Sheridan was for many years the Division Commander here. He was followed by Genls. Schofield, Terry and Crooke. Gen. Nelson A. Miles is now the commanding officer. The Department of the Missouri embraces the States of Michigan, Wisconsin. Indiana, Illinois, Missouri, Kansas and Arkansas, and Oklahoma and the Indian territories. U. S. OFFICERS IN CHICAGO. The following is a complete list of the THE ENCYCLOPEDIA. 385 United States officers stationed in this city, together with their places of resi- dence. - RESIDENCE. Maj. Gen. Nelson A. Miles Capt Eli L Huygius U. S. A 2dCav 1st Inf A. G. Dept. I. G. Dept 9th Inf Commanding Dept. Aide-de-camp Aide-de-camp As?t. Adjt. Gen'l .. Inspector Gen'l Asst. to Insp. Gen'l Act'g Judge Adv . . Chief Qr. Master . Chief Com. of Sub. Medical Director. Chief Paymaster. . . Engineer Officer I. S. A. Practice The Virginia. The Virginia. The Virginia. The Virginia. 105 Pine street. 430 N. Clark street. 130 Pine street. 410 Oak street. 68 Bellevue Place. The Virginia. The Virginia. 4138 Lake ave. 430 N. State street. 483 "A" LaSalleave. 3 Tower Place, 136 Judson ave*. Capt. Marion P. Maus Bvt. Brig. Gen. C. McKeever.. Col. Edward M. Heyl Bvt. Lieut. Col. Edmund Rice Bvt. Brig. Gen. J. D. Bingham Bvt. Brig. Gen. M. R. Morgan Col. Bernard J. D. Irwin .. Col. Win. A. Rucker . Capt. Wm. L. Marshall . Capt Prank D. Baldwin . . 5th Inf Q. M. Dept . Sub. Dept... Med. Dept.. Pay Dept. ... Corps Eng's. 5th Inf Maj. Gilbert C. Smith Lieut, Col. Ely McCleilan. . Major, George W. Candee. Lieut. Col. Thos.C. Sullivan . Capt. Edward G. Mathey ... Capt . A It'red Morton Q M. Dept.. Med. Dept.. Pay Dept . . . Sub. Dept... 7th Cav.. .. 9th Inf Asst. to C.Quar'm'r Attending Surgeon. Paymaster ... Depot Com. Sub. . . Recruiting Officer. . Recruiting Officer . . 4040 Vincennes ave. 760, 67th street. * Evanston, Illinois. FT. SHERIDAN. A United States military post, situated on the Milwaukee Division of the Chicago & Northwestern railroad, twenty-five miles or about one hour's ride from the city. Take train at Wells St. depot, Wells and Kin- zie streets, North Side. The situation of the fort, on the north shore of Lake Michigan, is very beautiful. " During the labor troubles of 1887, and the riots and disturbances of that year, the attention of the government was called to the necessity of establishing a military post near Chicago, from which a suf- ficient force might be summoned in case of emergency, to assist in the main- tenance of order, or in quelling unusual disturbances. The result of the movement in Chicago was the purchase, by voluntary subscription, of a mag- nificent tract of land, situated twenty-five miles north of the Court House, quickly accessible by railroads and comprising 500 acres. The immediate proximity of Lake Michigan as well as the topographical features of this tract made it specially available for the permanent abode of a considerable military force. This land was made a free gift to the National Government on condi- tion that a permanent military post be established on it. The Government accepted this proposition, and a provisional camp was almost immediately erected, and two companies of the Sixth Infantry were stationed there. Since then, numerous permanent buildings, officers' quarters, barracks, guard house, mess houses, stables, etc., have been erected. Fort Sheridan is commanded by Col. Robert E. A. Crofton, of the 15th In- fantry. The troops stationed there at present are the 15th Regiment of Infantry and Light Battery E, of the 1st Regiment of Artillery. The officers stationed at th fort areas follows: Colonel It. E. A. Crofton, Lieut-Col. S. Ovenshine, Major C. M. Bailey, 1st Lieut. J. A. Mancy, r. qm., 1st Lieut. G. F. Cooke, adjt. h'dqrs 15th inf. ; Captain A. Capron, 1st. Lieut. A. Todd, 1st Lieut. J. L. Cham- berlain, 2d Lieut. J. L. Hayden, 2d Lieut. D. Skerrett, Light Battery E, 1st art.; Captain H. R. Brinkerhoff, 1st Lieut. J. Cotter, 3d Lieut. W. H. Bertsch, Co. A, 15th inf.; Captain E. S. Chapin, 1st Lieut. W. T.May, 2d Lieut. R. L. Bush, Co. B. 15th inf.; Captain C. H. Conrad, 1st Lieut. E. Lloyd, 2d Lieut 386 GUIDE TO CHICAGO. H. J. Hunt, Co. C, 15th inf.; Captain W. D. Hartz, 1st Lieut. A. R. Paxton, 2d Lieut. H. J. Hirsch, Co. D, 15th inf.; Captain H. H. Humphrey 1st Lieut, B. C. Welsh, 2d Lieut. M. Maxwell, Co. E, 15th inf.; Captain A. Hedberg, 1st Lieut. S. S. Pague, 2d Lieut. H. L. Jackson, Co. F, 15th inf.; Captain G. A. Cornish, 1st Lieut. W. F. Blauvelt, 2d Lieut. J. Mitchell, Co. G, loih inf.; Captain C. McKibbin, 1st Lieut. T. F. Davis, Co. H, 15th inf.; Captain G. K. McGunnegJe, 1st Lieut. D. D. Mitchell, 2d Lieut. R. C. Williams, Co. I, 15th inf. ; Captain S. R. Stafford, 1st Lieut, W. N. Blow, Jr., Co. K, Major A. C. Girard, surgeon; 1st Lieut. C. F. Kieffer, assistant surgeon; H. L. Raskin, Acting-Assistant Surgeon. Captain Francis B. Jones, assistant quartermaster U. S. army, is in charge of construction of public buildings at the post. When the new buildings are all completed about 600 men will be permanently stationed at Fort Sheridan. The work has progressed far enough to make the post worthy of a visit. Rock MandArsenal. Take Chicago and Rock Island Railway. Located on a beautiful island in the Mississippi river, midway in its course between St. Louis and St. Paul, and set between the flourishing cities of Moline, Dav- enport, and Rock Island, it commands a position which may be called strate- getical int'ue facilities possessed for the rapid distribution of supplies. For a quarter of a century thearsenal has been in a state of absolute peace. The meager government appropriations have been chitfly expended in beau- tifying the domain, in carrying out the chimerical or impracticable schemes for utilizing the water power, or in erecting great rows of massive stone buildings, which have never been put to their designed uses in the manufac- ture of the implements of war. But the island has been a perpetual delight in its free uses as a pleasure park. During the war theisland was used as a military prison, and from 1863 to the close of the war upwards of 12,000 Con- federate soldiers were confined there. Of that number 2,000 died and were buried nn the island, but no mound or stone marked the place where they rest. The ground has all been leveled off, the very spot is well nigh lost, and their lives have been merged into the indistinguishable woof of the eternal life. Scrupulously cared for by a small detachment the great arsenal needs only the encouragement of liberal appropriation and the incentive of military necessity to start into vigorous life and make it the depot for an enormous traffic in the production of arms and accoutrements for an army in the field. Illinois National Guard. The report of Adjutant-General Jasper N. Reece. for 1891, to the Secretary of War, shows the aggregate strength of the Illinois National Guard to be 4,389, officers and enlisted men, armed and ^uipped for active service with the same rifles and accoutrements as the regular establishment. The military force of the State is in a satisfactory state of discipline and efficiency, and will be found competent to successfully compete with any emergency that may arise. The adoption of the new system of drill regulations for the regular army and the militia of the United States has made it necessary for all officers and men to^gain enter the ABC class of military instruction; but the energetic, voluntary appli- cation of the members of the military force of the State to master the lessons thus prescribed by the commander-in-chief will soon make the new drill regulations as familiar to our companies and regiments as was "Upton" in its time. The^Illinois National Guard is now the holder of the celebrated Washburn trophy, which was won after a most exciting and close contest, in 1891, by the following score: Illinois, 2,677; Wisconsin, 2,669; Minnesota, THE ENCYCLOPEDIA. 387 2,582, and Iowa, 2,538. This trophy will be contested for again this year. The Governor of the State is commauder-in-chief of the Illinois National Guard under the law. Brigadier-General Jasper N. Heece, is adjutant- general, and ex-officio quartermaster-general, commissary-general, chief of ordnance and chief of- staff. Brigadiers-General Charles Fitz Simons com- mands the First brigade, with headquarters at room 910 Pullman building, The First infantry (Colonel Charles R. E. Koch, commanding) is located in its magnificent armory, corner Michigan boulevard and Sixteenth street. The Second infantry (Colonel Louis S. Judd, commanding) has two battalions on Washington boulevard, West Side, and one battalion in the armory, 135 Michigan avenue. Battery D (four 12 Ib. Napoleons and four rapid tiring Gaitliug guns), Captain E. P. Tobey, commanding, is located in its armory on the Lake front. Cavalry Troop A, Captain Paul B. Lino, commanding, is quartered in the Second infantry armory, 135 Michigan avenue; and Company C, Third infantry, Captain Thomas Ford, commanding, have their hone with Bittery D. Colonel Wm. S. Brackett, inspector-general, Jefferson Hodgkin, William H. Rose, E. S. Weeden and Charles P. Bryan, aids-de camp on the Governor's staff, all reside in Chicago. A board of officers has been created to inaugurate and carry to a success- ful conclusion an inter-national rifle competition during the progresi of the World's Columbian Exposition, 1893. FIRST BRIGADE, GENERAL AND STAFF. Headquarters Pullman building, cor. Michigan avenue and Adams street.; Brigadier-General Charles Fitz Simons, commanding; Asa't Adj't General, Lieut. Col. Henry B. Maxwell ; Ass't Inspector General, Lieut. Col. F. Ziegfeld; Judge Advocate, Lieut. Col. Farlin Q. Ball; Inspector Rifle Practice, Lieut. Col. E. A. Potter; Surgeon, Major John W. Streeter; Quartertttaster, Capt. Horace Tucker; Adjt. Com- missary Subsistence, Capt. Edward T. Glennon; Aides, Lieut Geo. T. Love- joy, F. O. Bartlett. First Regiment I. N. &. Organized in August, 1874. At the first meeting held in behalf of the undertaking forty-eight men enrolled them- selves. In January, 1875, having grown into seven companies, the regiment took quarters on Lake street, adopted its uniform the same it wears to-day and received its equipment of arms from Springfield; In February of that year the regiment was assembled and bivouacked in the armory during the Relief and Aid Society riotous demonstration. On May 13th it made its first public appear- ance with 520 men in line. Since that day its popularity has never waned. In 1877, during the railroad riots, the regiment twice dispersed mobs at the point of the bayonet without firing a shot. In 1878 the First removed to itsarmory on Jackson street. During the riots of November, 1886, at the Union Stock yards and other points in the city the regiment was called into service to quell disorder. Since then its history has been one of peace and continued prosperity. The enrollment at present is 650 men. Upon the rolls of the regiment is no small number of names which have won renown on bloody fields. Among its past commanders are: Gen. Alexander C. McClurg, Col. George R. Davis, Col. Edgar D. Swain, Gen. Charles Fitz Simons, and the late Col. Edward B. Kupx, who, after exemplifying his patriotism on the battle-fields of Gettysuurg and Spotisylvaniu. and utter having lived the life of a pure, upright man of peace, rests, his warfare over forever. Charles R. E. 388 GUIDK TO CHICAGO. Koch, the present colonel commanding the First, is in appearance the essence of chivalry and soldiership. Like his predecessors, he is a war veteran, and, aided by his experience, makes the best of officers. In the business conduct of the regiment he is untiling and successful. Behind him, loyal, devoted and enthusiastic, the First stands a solid unit. Henry Lathrop Turner, lieu- tenant-colonel, saw service during the war before Richmond, at Fair Oaks, Fort Fislier, and elsewhere, as a first lieutenant, regimental adjutant, and as aid-de-camp on a brigade staff, lu peace he has achieved some prominence as a writer. He has been president of the real estate board and is a trustee of Oberlin College, the institution from which he graduated. Maj. Taylor E. Brown rendered valuable aid in the collection of the new armory fund. Maj. Charles Adams, of the Cook County Hospital, is regimental surgeon. Capt. Chas. G. Fuller is regimental surgeon. Capt. Henry Sherry, a well-known M. D., assistant surgeon. Capt. W. L. DeRemer, adjutant, is a crack shot. Capt. Charles G. Bolte, inspector of rifle practice, a Canadian by birth, is a faithful officer. The First regiment, with its membership drawn from the best young manhood of Chicago, with its enterprise and its success, is a credit to the city and deserves the good words and support of citizens. Its colors are not emblazoned with the record of battles won and campaigns endured. Scarcely any military body of the world to-day in its personnel can boast of much service. When duty has called, the First has been ready and has re- sponded. The possibilities of military usefulness the regiment can claim, the elements of good citizenship, patriotism, soldiery training need but cir- cumstances demanding action to make for it a record of heroism. FIELD AND STAFF OFFICERS. Colonel, Chas. R. E. Koch; Lieut. -colonel, Henry L. Turner; majors, Taylor E. Brown, Elliott Durand, Joseph B. San- born; surgeon. Major Chas. G. Fuller; Asst. surgeon, Capt. Henry Sherry; adjutant, Capt. W. L. DeRemer; quartermaster, First Lieut. A. L. Bell; inspector rifle practice, Capt Chas. G. Bolte; chaplain, Rev. H. W. Thomas; Co. A, Capt. Benj. F. Patrick, Jr.; Co. B, Capt. Edward R. Gilman; Co. C, Capt. Geo. W. Ford; Co. I), Capt. J, H. Barnett; Co. E, Capt. Wm. F. Knoch; Co. F, Capt. J. H. Eddy; Co. G, Capt. Geo. W. Bristol; Co. H, Capt. Edward C. Young; Co. I, Capt. F. W. Chenoweth; Co. K, Lieut. Henry J. Moore commanding; Co. L, Capt. Edgar B. Tolman; Co. M, Capt. Edward H. Switzer. Standing and Personnel of the Regiment. The First Regiment is composed principally of young men who have a taste for military duties and a love of military discipline. They represent, in many instances, the oldest and Lest families of Ctiicago. In a city like Chicago there is no distinctive " leisure class." Everybody is employed in some department of life. The unem- ployed are the exception, particularly the voluntarily unemployed. No man is so rich that he does not feel the necessity of making provision for his sons, beyond that which is stipulated in his will. The changes of fortune are too frequent and too sudden not to impress the wealthiest with ihe fact that wealth is fleeting in this city. Hence the foreign visitor will be compelled to make a distinction here which he is apt to overlook in his own country. No estate is protected by the law of entailment, and the heir of a millionaire may be compelled some time in life to step into one of the professions or into a mercantile pursuit, to insure a respectable living. It is well for him if he have the talent and thfi training that will qualify him for either. So when "best families" arc THE ENCYCLOPEDIA. 389 ( spoken of, families of respectability are meant, not families of wealth. The First Regiment is composed of young men, then, who represent families of respectability, and who are, generally speaking, regarded as respectable themselves. From a society point of view the First Regiment stands high. From a military point of view the regiment is regarded as one of the best in the country. It has been put to severe tests at times, and has never yet acquitted itself discreditably. It must be remembered that a sense of honor alone holds the regiment together in times of public tumult. NEW ARMORY. Located at the northeast corner of Sixteenth street and Michigan avenue. Take Wabash avenue cable line. First occupied by the Regiment, Sept. 17, 1891, in celebration of the seventh anniversary of the completion of the Regimental organization. It is perhaps the most mas- sive structure in Chicago. Heavy stone work rises on each of the four sides to the height of thirty-five feet, and is unbroken save by the warlike sally port, through which an army might march in company front. This great doorway is in feeling with the strength and beauty of the whole. An arch in form, it spreads at the base forty feet and supports a keystone thirty- five feet above the sidewalk. The massive oak and steel portcullis, suggesting memories of a mediaeval fortress, rests back of the embrasures in the thick- ness of the walls, protected by firing slots on both sides. Above the stonework the walls are built into battlements, and four turrets at the corners. Consonant With the design of the armory the windows are narrow and strengthened by steel and iron, being but well-guarded ports for riflemen. An enfilading fire can be directed throughout the force of each of the four sides of the structure, and a force entering the armory for refuge need fear nothing smaller than heavy artillery. The architects, Burnham & Root, have also achieved a notable success in the interior arrangements. The space covered by the building, one hundred and sixty-four by one hundred and seventy-four feet gave room* for a very large drill hall on the first floor. It is surrounded by galleries for visitors and contains the stairways reaching to the second floor, where are the quarters of the field and staff, with separate and well arranged apartments for the colonel, lieutenant-colonel, adjutant and their orderlies, for the majors, quartermasters and orderlies, the surgeons and orderlies and the chaplain. Opening on the wide gallery are the company quarters and above the squad drill rooms. There is also a banquet hall, thirty by fifty feet, at the west end of the building, and on the third floor quarters for non- commissioned officers and orderlies attached to special service, a vetrans' room, a gymnasium and a drum corps' room. Everything is in brick, stone, heavy dark oak and iron. The armory, which is the best building of the kind in the United States, was built largely by subscription, and will be cared for by a board of trustees, consisting of A. G Van Schaick, president; Colonel C. R. E. Koch, vice- president; C. L. Hutchinson, treasurer; Lieutenant colonel Henry L. Turner, secretary; J. J. Mitchell, Lieutenant A. L. Bell and H. H. Kohlsaat. Marshall Field, with his usual princely generosity, gave the regiment a ninety-nine years' lease of the ground the building stands on at a mere nominal rental. The gift amounts to fully half a million dollars. BATTERY D, FIRST ARTILLERY. Armory located at present on Michigan avenue, north of Exposition Building. Captain, E. P. Tobey; First Lieut., F. S. Allen; Second, Alfred Russell; Junior Second Lieutenant, Wm. M. Austin. 390 GUIDE TO CHICAGO. Second Regiment I.N. G. This regiment was oganized in 1875. Armories located at Washington boulevard and Curtis street, and 135 Michigan avenue. This regiment was originally composed of ten companies, and its first colo- nel was James Quirk. A few years later, owing to the reduction of the militia by the legislature, the Second was consolidated with the Sixth bat- talion, and the colonelcy was contested by the commandants of the respect- ive organizations, Col. Quirk, of the old Secoad, and Col. W. H. Thompson, of the Sixth, and, after a spirited campaign, the honor fell to Col. Thomp- son. The regiment under Col. Thompson had varying fortunes. In 1884 he resigned, and Col. Harris A. Wheeler was elected to the command. From this important period in its history the success of the regiment dates. Col. Wheeler may well be called the "Father of the Second." He revived its drooping spirits, new recruits were brought in, and the personnel oi the command improved; but the work of bringing order out of chaos was tre- mendous, and only the old-timers of the Second can appreciate the value and amount of work that was done by " the grand old man." Hampered by a miserable barracks, the regiment had dwindled down in numbers, and, poorly uniformed, it is a wonder that it lived at all. But the men and officers were made of the right stuff, and the small glimmer of hope that had led them on burst into the flame of realization and success. The first important work of Col Wheeler was the establishment of the regiment in its present home at Washington boulevard and Curtis street, where the command, after its wan- derings, found a permanent abiding place. Following is the full roster of officers according to rank, with date of commission: FIELD AND STAFF OFFICERS. Co. BATE COM. Co. DATE COM. Colonel July 10, 1890 Ellsworth G. Bowen. MiloH. Lehman L F July 6, 1891 July 7, 1891 .^OU^ . " uau Wm. T. Bog'g 1 f\ Oct 14, 1891 Wra. D. Hotchkiss . . . Majors July 10, 1890 Feb. 1, 1890 Fir^t Lieu tenants John T. McConnick. Edward E. Allen. ... K M March 10, 1890 April 14,1890 Chas. P. Wi-if>-ht....... Janic? E. Stuart . . Captain and Adjutant- George C. Gobet 1st Lieut, and Quarter- master Fred W. Laos AUK. 14, i890 Nov. 13,1890 July 20,1890 Dec. 3, 1891 Benj.E. Mendelsohn. Geo. I. Meehan Francis W. Bell. Hcaben D. Coy . John Mclntosh . Elbert B Eddy Benj. G. Boweii. Philip Samuel G B H C F L D A May 6, 1890 Sept. 3, 1890 Sept. 9, 1890 June 17, 1891 July 7, 1891 July 6,1891 Sept. 29, 1891 Oct. 14, 1891 July 20 1890 T F Clarence VV. Leifffi . Capr. and Chaplain- lit. Re v.Sam. Fallows. July 20,1890 Oct. 20, 1890 Second Lieutenants- Cornelius P. Hayes Alex. J. Wagner G I R July 22,1890 Sept. 1, lt-90 Sept. 3, 1^90 Wm. E. Hoinville .. Wm. P. Dust-nberry . I-M ward J.Uemick . Wm. B.Alexander.. \Villis MoFeely. .. John H. Intr-aham. Aimer H. Wells I E K M (i B H jj Oct. 9, 1837 Feb. 10,1890 Mar. li, 189.) Apr. 14,1890 July 22, ]8'JO .luiv 23, 189i Sept. 9, 1390 Nov 12 1890 .THines J. Butler . . . 1 1 ar vey A . W right Martin Clasby. . . . Fred I). Shiras. ... Geo. Greenbiirg.. John J. Garrity.. . D L F C E H K AT Nov. V.i, 1WO April 13, 1891 July 7, 1891 July 15, 1391 Jan. 18, !892 Oct. 13, 189 L Wm.T. Hardenbrook C Jan. 14, 1891 Clarence H. Shaw.. A Oct. 14, 1891 THE ENCYCLOn.'PIA. Dr. Florence Ziegfeld was elected to succeed Col. Wheeler February 1, 1890. Col. Ziegfeld remained but a short time, being succeeded by the lieutenant-colonel, Louis S. Judd. With the election of Louis S. Judd to the colonelcy the regiment entered into a new era of prosperity. After the regi- ment had lost such a signally successful leader as Col. Wheeler, much specu- lation was rife as to the fate of his successor; but uncertainty gave way to certainty when the selection of Col. Judd was announced. His career of seven years as a line officer was a guarantee that the regiment had once again gotten a leader worthy of the position. Col. Judd has a long and honorable record in the State service, and his promotion is a just tribute to his services. He was one of the organizers of the National Guard Officers' Association, which has worked many benefits to the Guard. One of the colonel's best points is his thorough mastery of details, which fact is making itself felt in the closer organization of the regiment and the improvements that are being made in the armory. The comfort and convenience of the command seems to be his constant care. The colonel has surrounded himself with a com- petent staff, which is made up of men who have proved their efficiency in the service of the State and their loyalty in the service of the regiment. The regiment is thoroughly equippad, having both fatigue and regula- tion dress uniforms. With a membership of 950 it is the largest command in the West, and is in every sense of the word a first-class national guard organ- ization. Cbicago should feel proud of it, as it is an example of the pluck and energy of vigorous and patriotic American manhood. SECOND REGIMENT BAND. This splendid organization numbers ninety pieces, including field music (the drum, fife and bugle corps). Band-master Fred Weldon is the moving spirit, and the high artistic standing of the band is due to his efforts and ability. Mr. Weldon has brought out some notable compositions of his own, his march numbers being particularly fine, thus securing to his organization original music, and not played by any other band in the country. Two different sets of dress uniforms guarantee a presentable appearance. Cavalry Troop A. Only troop of Cavalry belonging to Illinois National Guard. Organized Juue 3,1891. Headquarters 135 Michigan avenue, num- bers Co men. Each man in this coujparsy owns his own horse. Officers as follows: Capt. Paul B. Lino; first lieut., Geo. C. Lenke; second lieut., Frederick Boyer; first sergeant, Thos. Palmer; second sergeant, B. Grumau; third sergeant, Geo. Smith; fourth, sergeant, Frederick Boltz; fifth sergeant, Clias. Peters; quartermaster sergeant, S. Silverman; Commissary, Otta Dietrich; Corporal, Steve Ackeimaii; second corporal, Chas. Maager; third corporal, Geo. Frantzen; fourth corporal, Chas. W. Knil; Farrier, Frank L. Lade; Saddler, Harry Goodison. Other Military Organizations. It is estimated that there are 50,000 thor- oughly drilled men in Chicago, outside of the regular organizations, who, in an emergency would be qualified to take the field as trained soldiers. These are principally members of the military department of the Masonic, Odd Fel- lows and Knights of Pythias orders. Reference to these organizations, how- ever, is made under the head of secret societies. CHICAGO HUSSAKS. A new military organization that has made remark- able progress. Two years ago the company was practically unknown, but by the judicious management of its officers it now appears before the people as 392 GUIDE TO CHICAGO. one of the finest private military organizations in the country After con- sidering many offers of ground'for the erection of their new armory, Edwin L. Brand, commander of the company, has purchased a site on Thirty -fifth street, near Cottage Grove ave. The lot is 100x230 feet, which space will be entirely covered by the buildings. The club house will be the finest of its kind in the world, and will be a combination of a club house, armory, riding school, and stables. In addition to the regular drills there will be riding classes formed. The members will be taught the regular methods of military riding, saber exercise, and fencing by a corps of competent instructors. At present there are forty-one members of the company, each one of whom is the pos- sessor of a handsome horse. The members say that by the time the world's fair opens each will have chargers of uniform coal black. This company has received the appointment by the Director General to the position as spe- cial Guard of Honor to himself and the National Commission, and will be detailed by the Director General for special escort duty during the continu- ance of the Columbian Exposition. Following are the officers: Captain, Edwin L. Brand; 1st. Lieut., M. L. C. Funkhouser; 2d. Lieut., Joseph B. Keene. Staff: Adjt., Geo. M. Barbour; Inspector, P. R. McLeod; Judge Advocate, A. Fouguer; Qr. Master, Charles Ktru; Surg., Stewart Johnstone, M. D. Chicago Zouaves. Thos. J. Ford, Capt. The leading Zouave company of the country, having met and defeated all the other crack Zouave companies in the United States in competitive prize drills. This company was first organ- ized as company I of the old Second Regiment by their present captain on Dec. 3d, 1877. Their last parade as a company of the Second occurring on Decoration Day of 1881, immediately after which time they disbanded and reorganized under the above name, making their first appearance in their handsome new uniforms on Decoration Day, 1882. It was prophesied then that Chicago had a company of Zouaves that would in the near future fill the vacancy caused by the disappearance of the once noted Ellsworth Zouaves. Capt. Ford thinks that his company can rightfully claim the honor of being the champion Zouave company of the country. COOK'S CHICAGO LANCERS. A new company of cavalry organized about a year since; over 100 men are included in the two companies which comprise the battali' n. Application has been made for admission to the Illinois National Guard. ELLSWORTH'S CHICAGO ZOUAVES The famous Ellsworth Zouaves of Chi- cago were the successors of the National Guard Cadets, organized in 1856; when on the point of dissolution, Col. Ellsworth re-organized the company (May, 1858) under the name of United States Zouave Cadets. In 1860 the Zou- aves, who came to be known as Ellsworth's, made a tour of the country, and was pronounced the finest military company in the country. The Zouaves went out of existence shortly after the outbreak of the rebellion, when its members became scattered. Ellsworth was killed on May 24, 1861, by J. W. Jackson, the proprietor of the Marshall House at Alexandria, Va.' Jackson attempted to kill Sergeant Brownell, whom Ellsworth had stationed in one of the corridors of the hotel while he went up in the observatory to find the location of the railroad depot. Ellsworth took from the flagstaff a confederate flag that was flying. While he was in the observatory Jackson and Brownell became engaged in an altercation. Jackson raised a shotgun to fire at Brownell. The latter knocked up the barrel, the gun was discharged and Ellsworth, Sf THE ENCYCLOPEDIA. 393 who was coming down-stairs at the time, received the shot. He was not only a brilliant organizer, but a brave man, and he would have left the mark of his achievements on history's page if he had lived. EVANSTON ZOUAVES. A military organization of the suburb of Evanston, composed of young boys of good families, their age running from 13 to 17 years. It is an independent, self-supporting military company. Organized in 1886 as the '" Evanston Cadets," and were connected with the junior gym- nasium class of the Young Men's Christian Association. Upton's tactics was their text-book, and they were thoroughly instructed in the regulation manual of arms and school of the company. After a few months of hard work their drill-master moved from the village, and through the influence of Mr. John H. Nolan, whose son Julien was captain of the company, the cadets were for tunate enough to secure the attention and services of Capt. T. J. Ford of the crack Chicago zouaves. He naturally transformed the cadets into zouaves and the Evauston zouaves became the name of the organization. Their first public appearance was made in Chicago in the fall of '87, when they participated in the great Cleveland street parade as porteges of the Chicago zouaves. The little shavers on that occasion won tremendous applause from the crowds of spectators, not alone on account of their tender years, but because of their wonderful steadiness in marching and amazing skill in duplicating the intricate movements of the older zouave company. Since then they have given frequent exhibitions for charitable and religious purposes. The zouaves muster about thirty-six strong, and are commanded by the following officers: Captain Chas. b. Marshall; lieuienant A. H. Par- ker, Jr.; second lieutenant, Eugene A. Conkey; first sergeant, Tracy Clark; second sergeant, Joseph Pierson, and quartermaster, Frank W. Rowland. The company's armory is in Lyon's hall on Davis street, and it holds regular weekly drills on Wednesday nights. Veteran Societies. CHICAGO ASSOCIATION OF UNION EX-PRISONEBS OP WAR Meets third Mondays at Grand Pacific. President, D.W. Howe; secre- tary and treasurer F. A. Cleveland, Normal Park. CHICAGO BOARD op TRADE BATTERY MEMORIAL ASSOCIATION Meets at Armory, 1st Cavalry Regiment. President, C. I. Dwight; secretary, H. B. Chandler; treasurer, John B. Hall. CHICAGO MERCANTILE BATTERY VETERAN ASSOCIATION Officers: J. J. Hamblin, president; George KretMnger, secretary; R Powell, treasurer Meets at 4 Lake street. CHICAGO UNION VETERAN CLUB Meets second Mondays at Grand Pacific. President, Colonel Thompson; vice-presi- dent, A. J. Miksch; secretary, John C. Barker, 62 N. Clark. DANISH VETERAN SOCIETY Meets second and fourth Fridays at 432 Milwaukee ave. Presi- dent, J. Z. Alstrup; secretary, Vigga A. Danielson; treasurer, L. M. Hoff- enblad. EIGHTY-SECOND ILLINOIS VETERAN SOCIETY Meets first Sundays at StaatsZeitung Bldg. President, J. Bans; treasurer, C. Bock; secretary, A. Henchel. MEXICAN WAR VETERANS Meets fourth Sundays at Grand Pacific Hotel. President, P. T. Turnley; vice-president, W. M. Coulter; secretary, George A. Corgan; treasurer, D. L. Juergens. MCCLELLAN VETERAN CLUB. Room 14, 40 Dearborn street. Open daily. President, W. C. Newr>erry; secretary, H. F. Jones; treasurer, D. E. Root. NINETEENTH ILLINOIS VET- ERAN CLUB Meets second Sundays, 2:30 p. M., at 104 Randolph street, second floor. President, Jas. Bloomfield; secretary, J. Gaffney; treasurer, D. F. Bremner. TAYLOR'S BATTERY VETERAN ASSOCIATION Meets at call 394 GUIDE TO CHICAGO. of secretary. President, S. E. Barrett; treasurer, W. H. Dudley; s ^rotary, C. W. Pierce, 164 La Salle ^treit. TWENTY-FOURTH ILLINOIS VETERAN SOCIETY first Sundays at 2 p. M., 171 N. Clark street, President, L. Mat- tern; corresponding secretary, A. WeLrle; financial secretary, Emil Hoffman; treasurer, A. Georg. VETERAN UNION LEAGUE, 304 Dearborn street, rooms third floor. Open daily. Regular meetings first Wednesdays. President, D. Harry Hammer; treasurer, J. Gross; secretary, W. E. Winholtz. MISCELLANEOUS INFORMATION. Abstracts of Titles. The compilations and abridged evidences of owner- ship of land peculiar to the State of Illinois with the encumbrances, lieus, clouds or defects in the titles to real estate as these appear of record, are commonly known as " Abstracts of Title" in the Western States. The first to enter into the business of making abstracts of title in Chicago was James H. Rees, who, as far back as 1836, was "Surveyor of the town of Chicago." He inaugurated the present system about the year 1849 in conjunction with Edward A. Rucker, an attorney-at-law, whose brother, Henry L., was an. alderman of that day. The firm of Rees & Rucker was changed to Rees & Chase in 1852; Mr. Rees taking into partnership Mr. Samuel B. Chase, the "working clerk" of the old firm, who soon after associated himself with his brothers, Horace G. and Charles C. Chase. They carried on the business, Mr. Rees retiring from the concern, under the name of Chase Bros, up to the time of the great fire of 1871. A new set of " Tract Indices." as these booka are now called, was opened by Hasbrook Davis and J. Mason Parker, in 1852. They made but few abstracts, however, as they soon sold their books to Thos. B. Bryan, who again sold a half -interest to John Borden. Bryan & Borden leased their books to Wm. W. Page, John G. Shortall and Henry H. Handy, but subsequently, in 1856, sold them to Greenebaum & Guthman.who continued the business under their name until the books were finally sold to John G. Shortall and John N. Staples, who made abstracts under the firm name of John G. Shortall & Co. until Mr. Shortall associated himself with Louis D. Hoard, the then ex recorder of Cook county, when the firm became Shortall & Hoard, which continued up to within about a month of the fire, when the books were leased to Henry H. Handy & Francis Pasdeloup. Another set of books had in the meantime been started by Fernando Jones & Co., which firm made abstracts until it changed to Jones & Sellers, with Mr. Alfred H. Sellers as active manager until the fire. There were also a number of persons engaged in making abstracts before the fire who neither owned tract, books nor used those belonging to other firms, but who worked from the general indices in the public offices. One of the most reliable experts of this class was A. F. C. Mueller, who made many abstracts and who afterward associated himself with Uriah 11. Ilawley, a lawyer (whilom clerk of the Courtof Common Pleas, now theSuperiorCourt), under thename of Mueller & Hawley. Their work was all done by themselves personally and enjoyed full confidence although they made all their searches directly from the records by meansof thegeneral public indices of that day. Mr. Mueller made no abstracts after the fire. Mr. Ilawley died many years ago while filling a very responsi- able position in the Chicago Postoffice. A. D. Wilmanns, lor a number of years, up to about the close of the war, made abstracts by means of the public indices until he obtained privileges from Chase Bros, for the use of their books. He afterwards became THE ENCYCLOPEDIA. 395 associated with Francis Pascleloup. Wilmanns & Pasdeloup continued for some years, using the books of Shortall & Hoard up to September 1, 1871, when Mr. Pasdeloup withdrew and formed a partnership with Henry H. Handy, as Handy & Pasdeloup, who secured a lease of the books of Shortall & Hoard; which lease, however, was allowed to be abrogated by thegreatflre. All of these parties made abstracts which are to this day current in the market. There were, before the fire, a few other persons, employes of the Recorder's office, who made abstracts of title in their overtime from the records direct. Wm. H. Haase, who called himself a conveyancer, and Charles Draudroff, employed in the real estate department of the banking house of F. A. Hoffman, and later a firm, Alexander Dixon & Co., made some few abstracts, which, however, in their day failed to inspire confidence among professional examiners or the public. The great fire of 1871 played havoc with the business of abstract making. All the records were destroyed and the sets of indices owned by the private firms, but only partly saved, were the only salvation. Each of the firms at first endeavored to continue business on their own account. Neither of them, however, had saved enough of their private books, and so it became a necessity to form a combination to make up a full set. The public generally, unaware of the true condition, of things at the time, made quite a stir against what many at first believed to be a mere trick to form a dangerous monopoly, but the pool of books was made and they were then leased to Handy, Simmons & Co., over whose signature abstracts were then issued. The successors of this firm afterward became Handy & Co., who have since merged in "The Title Guarantee and Trust Co.," which now controls all the ante-fire abstract books in the county. Immediately after the fire A. D. Wilmanns at first re-associated himself with Francis Pasdeloup, doing business with him until the latter's death shortly after the fire, when he associated himself with Henry Thielcke, an ante-fire clerk of Chase Bros., laying out a set of indices from October 9, 1871, onward. The firm of Wilmanns & Thielcke continued to make abstracts until the summer of 1875, when their set of books was sold to the county and placed in the Recorder's office, w,here they have remained ever since and where abstracts are now made from them by the Recorder under special enactments by the legislature. In the winter of 1872-3 Mr. Chas. G. Haddock, Mr, E. D. Coxe and Mr. Frank H. Vallette began work upon a new set of books from the fire down. They soon after commenced making abstracts under tue firm name of Haddock, Coxe & Co., which has since been changed to Haddock, Vallelte & llickords, Mr. Coxe having disposed of his interest to Mr. Geo. E. Rickords. After the transfer of the books of Wil- manns & Thielcke to the .county, C.C. Gilmore, a most competent abstractor, and one Pollock for a year or more made abstracts as Gilmore, Pollock & Co., using the books of the county. C. C. Gilmore had also previously made quite a number of abstracts over his own signature from these books while they were still owned by Wilmanns & Thielcke. In 1878 Otto Peltzer, the com- piler and publisher of " Peltzer's Atlas of Chicago," whose professional work as a draughtsman had been entirely in connection with the land titles and records of the county and city in various positions since 1853, and who had just then resigned his position of Deputy Recorder and Superintendent of the Abstract Department of the county, embarked in the abstract business for himself in conjunction with a number of experts formerly employed by the Recorder. He first entered into a contract wiih Haddock, Coxe & Co.> for access to their books, which he used for six years, after which time he made J9'3 GUIDE TO CHICAGO. use of the county's indices. In connection with his business as general abstract maker, Mr. Peltzer also included the examining titles for purchasers, issuing written "Opinions of Title;" and as the patronage in this line and the confidence reposed in these " opinions " increased so rapidly in time, he has devoted himself exclusively to this class of work since about 1888, making but few abstracts since then. The latest abstract concern is "The Cook County Abstract Company," which commenced operations in May, 1888. This concludes the entire list of regularly established persons and firms engaged in abstract making in this city before and since the fire of 1871. Anarchy in Chicago. For the benefit of foreign visitors and strangers generally it may be well enough to say that anarchy in Chicaco received its death-blow on the llth day of November, 1887, when four of the leading anarchists of the city were executed at the county jail. The monster has not shown its teeth here since. There has been no riot in Chicago since May 4, 1886. And it is perhaps worth while to add that at no time in the history of this city has the revolutionary element attained any strength. The anarchist uprising was entirely due to the agitations of a few dangerous leaders among a certain small class of workingmen, which should have been suppressed by the authorities long before their poisonous teachings culminated in a riot. The great majority of the workingmen of Chicago have never sympathized with the anarchists nor believed in their teachings. Anarchist Monument. Six thousand dollars have been subscribed in this country and in Europe toward the erection of a monument in memory of the anarchists executed in this city for complicity in the bomb-throwing at Haymarket Square. A committee of anarchists has the matter in charge. Thus far, there have been three models presented to the committee which seem to rank above the rest. The one which seems to give most general satisfac- tion was designed by a young German-American of this city. The artist caught his inspiration from Freiligrath's song, " Revolution," the spirit of which his creati m embodies. A shaft of marble arises to the height of six- teen feet. On ltd sides are the portraits of the five Anarchists with appropri- ate inscriptions, one of which contains the last words of Spies before he was executed : " Our silence will be more powerful than the voices you strangle today." At the base of the shaft are two bronze figures, life-size, symboli- cal of revolution and the revolutionist. One is that of a young woman of the people bending over the prostrate form of the dying revolutionist and placing u-pon his brow the laurel wreath of victory. Another design presents a marble shaft rising from a group of five lions, and crowned with a marble sarcophagus from which emerges the figure of a woman symbolizing "Liberty'' and carrying in one hand a torch, in-the other a broken chain. Annual Fat Stock Shows. Annual fat stock shows have been held at the old Exposition building in Chicago for the past thirteen years. They are among the most interesting of our annual exhibitions. It is likely that the exhibit wiil become a part of the Columbian Exposition of 1893. Ashland Block. Located on the northeast corner of Clark and Randolph streets. Planned by Architect D. H. Burnham. Property leased from A. G. Alexander, of Louisville, Kentucky, by R. A. Waller, of this city, and L. Broadhead, of Kentucky, for a term of years. This building issixtten stories high, with a frontage on Clark street of 140 feet and 80 feet on Randolph THE ENCYCLOPEDIA. 397 street. The exterior is classical. The windows of the lower stories are recessed and end in an arch at ihe third story. The principal entrance is from Clark street and is twenty one feet wide. This extends to a height of two and a half stories and is rinished in terra cottaof a delicate design. The first story has eight stores on the Clark street bide and three on Randolph street. The second floor contains several spacious banking rooms 17 feet high and the remaining floors are divided in^oalx u 350 offices. Seven elevators are placed in the rear hall of the building. This building was ready for occupancy in May, 1892. Auditorium Tower. Visitors are taken by elevator to the top of the Auditorium tower at 25 cents for adults, 15 cents for children. [See Audi- torium.] Chicago Epitomized. Chicago is a big city. This novel observation is emphasized by some figures. Here is a rough table of the growth of our population during the last thirty years: Date. Population. Per Cent. Inc. I860 109,00 ) 1865 178,000 .. 65 1870 306,000 ..73 1880 491,000 63 1886 703,OK) 35 1890 1,098,000 55 If as many people come to Chicago during the next three decades as came during the last three the business man of 1920 will see about him a popula- tion of orer 10,000,000 of people. Chicago has erected since 1876 56,240 buildings, at a cost of $255,298,879 i. e., the average each. year has been about 4,017 buildings, at an average cost of $18,235,634. At this rate thirty years from now Chicago will have built 120,510 new building, at a cost of $547,069,020. But during 1889 alone 7,590 buildings were put up, at a cost of $31,516,000; and during 1890, 11,608 were put up at a cost of $47,322,100. The average number for the two years was 9,598. Should this average hold good for thir.ty years, in 1920 there would be 287,940 new buildings, which will have been erected at a cost of $1,182,571,500. Consulates. The foreign consulates in Chicago are located as follows: Argentine Republic, 83 Jackson st. ; Austro-Hungarian, 78-80 Fifth avenue; Belgium, 167 Dearborn St.; Denmark, 209 Fremont St.; France, 78 La Salle St.; German Empire, room 25, Borden block; Great Britain, room 4, 72 Dear- born st..; Italy, 110 La Salle St.; Mexico, room 30, 126 Washington St.; Netherlands, 85 Washington st.; Sweden and Norway, room 1, 153 Randolph St.; Switzerland, 65 Washington st.; Turkey, 167 Dearborn st. Columbus Building To be erected on the southeast corner of State and Washington sts., after plans by W. W. Boyington. The structure will be fourteen stories hih, two floors being contained in the ornamental space above the cornice. It will cover the lot, with its frontage of 100 feet on State street and 90 feet on Washington street. It will be constructed of stone, steel and terra cotta, after the best models. A main feature will be the two stores on the ground floor, on either side of the main entrance. Each will be forty feet wide. The decoration sand fixtures will cost $175,000. At the rear of each will be a glass mosaic, one showing Columbus at the court of Isabella and the other his landing in America. The contract for these mosaics has been placed at Venice. The ceiling beams of the stores will be of bronze, 398 GUIDE TO CHICAGO. supporting Mexican onyx ceilings. Over the entrance to the building a ten- foot bronze siatue of Columbus will be placed, which is now being made at Rome. The floors throughout the building are to be of mosaic. The height of the tower from the sidewalk to the top of the glass globe will be 240 feet. The globe on top is to be of opalescent glass, with the con- tinents marked in color, with a cut jewel locating Chicago, to be lighted with a 3,000-candle-power electric lamp. The style of architecture in detail is Spanish renaissance. The various coats of arms of Spanish royalty will be shown in the cornice and elsewhere. Work will be begun May 1st, and the structure will be completed by May 1, 1893. The building will cost about $800,000. Cook County Treasury Statement. The following is an abstract from the report of the comptroller of Cook County of receipts and expenditures of the different treasuries at the close of the year 1891. The amount realized from the sale of bonds during the year was $1,021,- 973. From the funding fund was expended by order of the board $1,034,- 957, leaving a balance of $22,627. From tavern licenses $11, 379 was realized. There are in uncollected taxes, $52,479. Out of a general fund of $1.477,775 there is a balance of $59. The county paid during the year $1,366,696 in salaries. From a supply fund of $608,067, $13,571.11 was unexpended. For buildings the board spent $222,314. The liabilities of the county foot up to $4,952,605, represented by the various county bonds. But $1.483,000 of thisfallsdue May 1 of this year, while the remainder runs from 1899 to 1905. The liabilities as represented by the bonds is as follows : Of the $1,483,000 of this indebtedness which falls dne May 1, $1,350,000 will be refunded at 4 per cent. The total receipts of the county from the various offices were $856,826, of which $266 656 came from the Treasurer's office and $208,956 from the County Clerk's. The total amount expended for salaries was $1,366,676, which was $30,- 000 less than the appropriation. The total supply appropriation was $603,- 091. Amount expended, $594,495. " Crib," Thi. The original crib is situated about two miles out in Lake Michigan, almost directly east of the foot of Chicago avenue. "The Man at the Crib" is Ciplain Charles McKee, who, with his family, has spent eleven years in that desolate, wave-washed and tempest-battered granite home. He has reared a family of five girls and one boy, all of whom are married, except one girl. Besides his wife and daughter, three men and a dog occupy the crib at present. The crib-keeper's quarters are comfortable. During the winter m nths, whea ice floes threaten to clog the grated mouth of the water tunnel, his duties are as severe as they are important. There are thousands of visitors at the crib during the summer months; in the win- ter it is sometimes difficult to reach it with the city supply boat. The visitor can take an excursion bait, steam or sail, on the lake shore, foot of Van Buren st. Fare, 25 cents. [See " Water Works."] Daniel O'Connell Statue. To be erected by the Daniel O'Connell associa- tion. Site not chosen. The following are the charter members of the asso- ciation : John Cudahy, Redn:ond Prindiville, John M. Smyth, Patrick Kava- nagh, Thomas Lynch, P. J. Magicnis, Michael Cudahy, John B. Lynch, THE ENCYCLOPEDIA. 399 Dennis O'Connor, M. Sullivan, Thomas F. Keeley, Charles Dennehy, Daniel Corkery, William M. Devine, M. P. Brady, M. W. Murphy, P. J. Hennessey, Daniel Delaney, M. N. Kerwin, Owen Murray, William McCoy, John McGovern, and Frank Higgins. Distance of Chicago from other Principal Cities. Chicago is .distant from Montreal, Canada, 842 miles ; time, 29 hours ; from Portland, Me., 1255 miles; time, 40 hours; from Boston, 1150 miles ; time, 32 hours ; from New York, 911 miles ; time, 26 hours ; from Philadelphia, 822 miles; time, 24 hours; from Baltimore, 854 miles; time, 27 hours; from Washington, 811 miles; time, 26 hours; from New Orleans, 915 miles; time, 48 hours; from the City of Mexico, 2600 miles; time, 5 days; from San Francisco, 2450 miles ; time. 3% days; from Vancouver, B. C., 2350 miles; time, 4% days. The time between Queenstown, Ireland, and New York is now made by the average ocean steamer in less than sevgn days. The time from Queenstown to Chicago would therefore be about 8% days ; from Dublin, Ireland, 9 days ; from Belfast, Ireland, 9% days; from Liver- pool, England, 9 days; from London, England, 9J^ days; from Edinburg, Scotland, 10 days ; from Glasgow, Scotland (via Liverpool and Queens- town), 10 days; from Havre (direct), 9 days; from Paris (via Havre), 10 days; from Bremen (via Southampton), 9 days ; from Berlin (via Bremen or Hamburg), 11 days (via Calais, Dover, Liverpool and Queenstown), 10 days ; from Vienna (via Bremen), 11 days; from Rome (via Marseilles, Bologna, Liverpool and Queenstown), 15 days ; from Madrid, via Lisbon, direct, 12 days ; (via rail to Havre, and via Havre by steamship direct) 16 days ; (via Liverpool and Queenstown) 15 days ; from St. Petersburg (via Havre, Bremen or Hamburg), about 16 days. [See map showing "Relative position of Chicago with regard to other principal cities."] Estimated Cost of City Government for 1892 The following are the esti- mates of the cost of conducting the municipality of Chicago for the year 1892-93 : City cemetery, $500; contingent fund, $10,000; cost collecting city taxes, $80.000; city clerk's office, $13,500; departm't public works, $1,753,021; election dept., $100.333; fire dept., $1,449,501; health depr., $562,660; house of correction, $40,021; judgment account, $100,000; legal expenses, $25,000; police dept., $2,820,833; pounds, $'^,500; police courts, $2,000; printing and stationery, $20,000; salaries, $225,000; sewerage dept,, $225,540: street lamp fund, $880,000; bureau of lights, repairs and construction, $70,000; special assessment on city property, $10.000; interest account, $1,007,342; public library, $513,199; general sicking fund, $14,000; school sinking fund, $1,000; school dept., $4,990,824 total, 14.916,776. The estimates of the police department provide for 16 captains, 50 lieutenants, 90 patrol sergeants, 96 desk sergeants, 90 detectives and 2,640 patrolmen, with about 300 other function- aries of various grades attached to the department. Fire of 1871. The fire of 1871 broke out on Sunday night, October 8th. There had been on the previous evening an extensive conflagration in the West Division, involving a heavy loss of property in the lumber district. The firemen had worked upon the blaze for many hours, finally succeedingin subduing it. The department, however, was pretty well exhausted when an alarm was sounded at 9 o'clock on the following Sunday evening. The fire was caused by the upsetting of a little lamp, in a stable, in the vicinity of De 400 GUIDE TO CHICAGO. Koven and Jefferson sta. , west of the river and south of Van Buren st. ; whether the lamp was kicked over by a cow belonging to a Mrs. O'Leary is a question that has never been satisfactorily settled. The fire first crossed the river at Van Buren St., and soon enveloped the old gas works on Adams st., where the Moody & Sankey Tabernacle afterward stood, and where stately whole- sale houses now tower toward the sky. From that moment the business sec- tion of the city was doome'Q, for the wind blew a perfect gale and every moment added to the heat and fury of the conflagration, which marched steadily on, devouring granite blocks with the same ease as it destroyed wooden shanties. About one o'clock in the morning it had reached and wiped out the Chamber of Com- merce building; shortly afterward it had swal- lowed up the Court House, whose bell tolled to the last min- ute. Then in one col- umn, itpursued itsf uri- ous course eastward, laying Hooley's Opera House, the Times build- ing, Crosby's fine opera house and many other noble structures in ashes. Then it moved toward the northeast, and then attacked the wholesale districtattlie foot of Randolph st., carry ing a way the Cen- tral Depot, the ruins of which are still stand- ing. Then it formed a junction with another branch of the maincol- umn after thelatterhad THE BURNED DISTRICT. demolished the Sher- man House, the Tremont House and other magnificent buildings in its path. Then there was a general onslaught upon the city's center from the left col- umn which laid low all the buildings lying west of La Salle st., including the Oriental and the Mercantile buildings, the Union Bank, the Merchants' Insur- ance building, where Gen. Sheridan had his headquarters, the Western Union Telegraph office, and the solid and magnificent blocks of commercial houses [Engraved for The Standard Guide Company.] CHICAGO DAILY NEWS COMPOSITION AND PRESS ROOMS. LSee " Newspapers.''] THE ENCYCLOPEDIA. 401 that lined La Salle street in those days. By morning there was not one stone upon another in this great business center. The right column of the fire is described as having started from a point near the intersection of Van Buren streetand the river, where some wooden buildings wereignited by brands from the West Side. This column had the advantage of a large area of wooden buildings, say, Colbert and Chamberlin, "on which to ration and arm itself for its march of destruction." It gutted the Michigan Southern Depot and the Grand Pacific Hotel, and destroyed other handsome structures in the vicinity. Passing along the Postoffice, the Bigelow House, the Honore block, McVicker s new theatre, the Tribune building, Booksellers' Row, Potter Palmer's store, occupied by Field & Leiter, and all the smaller or lessconspicuous structures on the road. It branched off and destroyed the handsomeresidencesand churches on Wabash avenue, and was finally stayed in its southward course at Con- gress street. The fire crossed over to the north divisionabout half-past three in the morning, and among the first buildings to go down was the engine-house of the water works, which, foolishly, had been roofed with pine shingles. The fire was carried here by burning brands which must have traveled a mile and a half in advance of the conflagration. "This was the system," say Colbert and Chamberlain, "by which the North Side was destroyed: Blazing brands and scorching heat sent ahead to kindle many scattering fires, and the grand general conflagration following up and finishing up." The North Side was left a mass of blackened ruins by morning. Only at the lakeand the northern limits of the city was the firestayed. The district burned over was bounded on the north by Fullerton avenue, on the west byHalsted street to Chicago avenue and from that point south on Clinton street, on the south by Twelfth street and on the east by Lake Michigan. The total area burned over was nearly three and a third square miles; numberof buildings destroyed, 17,450; persons rendered homeless, 98,500; persons killed, about 200; loss, not including the depreciation of real estate or loss of business, esti- mated at $190,000,000; recovered by insurance, $44,000,000. One yearafter the fire many of the best business blocks in the city were rebuilt; five years after the fire the city was handsomer and more prosperous than ever; ten years after the fire nearly all traces of the calamity had disappeared. Fire of 1874. The second great fire in Chicago occurred on July 14, 1874. This conflagration swept over a district south of Twelfth street and east of State street, which had escaped the fire of '71. Although eighteen blocks or sixty acres were burned over, and although 600 houses were destroyed and the loss was close to $4,000,000, the calamity was never as deeply regretted as it would have been had the district been a safe one near the heart of the city. The houses were nearly all wooden, and were a continual menace. This district was soon rebuilt in a more substantial manner. Fire Relics. The finding of a large mass of molten iron by workmen excavating for the new Masonic temple in 1890 called attention to the fact that there were a number of interesting collections of relics of the great fire in Chicago. The most interesting and ornamental monument of the fire is the " Relic House," well known to North-Siders and Lincoln Park visitors. In 1872, when the "leavings " of the fire could be had for the asking or the trouble of picking them up, a man named Rettig conceived the idea of building a small cottage out of such material as a melted mixture of stone, iron and other metals. The queer structure was built at North Park avenue ind Central street. Ten years ago it was removed to its present site near the junction of Clark street and North Park avenue (take North Clark street 402 GUIDE TO CHICAGO. cable line), Philip Vinter becoming the proprietor. Four years afterwards the "Relic House" passed into the hands of its present owner, William Liudemann, who has added a refreshment parlor to the saloon and made quite a rustic spot out of the relic. The only ruin of the "71 fire which remaiusstanding is on a large vacant lot between Nos. 907 and 915 North Clark street, a few doors north of the "Relic House, "on the opposite side of the street. The ruin consists of three sections of red brick wall with stone foundations showing where the chimneys, doors and windows formerly were. The lot is owned by Hugh A. White, a lawyer who lives in Evanston. The Chicago Historical Society has a large collection of fire relics, some from the ruins of the society's building, which was then near the corner of Ontario street and Dearborn avenue, but most of the relics are donations from Maria G. Carr, Mrs. E. E. Atwater, and various business firms who were burnt out. The Historical Society also has the key to the vault-door in the office of the Assistant Treasurer of the United States at Chicago, which was destroyed together with $1,500,000 in currency and the books and vouchers in the office. The key was presented by Henry H. Nash, Cashier, Large oil paintings of General Grant, J. Young Scammon and Miss Sneed (the woman who, Napoleon thought, was the most beautiful in the world), which were saved from the fire, adorn the walls of the society's room. Mrs. Carr's collection is a curious one among the burned, melted, scorched and twisted things being a bunch of forks, a mass of type, bunch of tacks, pack of cards, a lot of knitting-needles, a spool of thread from Field, Leiter & Co.'s dry-goods house at Madison and Franklin streets, hooks and eyes, a package of buttons, three Jew's-harps thimbles, marbles, a bundle of melted glass, a piece of glass from Bowen Bros.. Lake street; an old fashioned clay pipe, china dolls' head, three crucibles, a door bell, penknives, ene being found under the site of a pulpit; a package of glass beads from Schweitzer & Beer's store, a bundle of screws, a walking cane without head or ferrule, necks of glass bottles from Jasger's place, and a package of slate pencils from the Western News Company's place. In Mrs. Atwater's collection is a lumpof black stuff which was coffee once upon a time, labeled, "Browned too Much/' remnants of the stock of a toy house, china dolls and playthings, a bundle of hair-pins, scissors, rosaries without the crucifix, glass beads, and a jet necklace well preserved, a box of charred biscuits from the ruins of Dr. Rice's church a lot of stained and plain window-glass from various city churches, and a variety of blackened cups and saucers from the ruins of crockery houses. Farragut Monument, Lincoln Park. The local G. A. R. Posts are engaged in devising means for the erection of a monument to Admiral Farragut, in Lincoln Park. Grant Statue, Galena. H. H. Kohlsaat, of this city, presented the citizens of Galena with a statue of Gen. U. S. Grant, which was unveiled in the presence of a distinguished gathering on January 3, 1891, little Pauline Kohlsaat, daughter of the donor, removing the covering. The oration was delivered by Chauncy Depew, of New York. The statue is of bronze, and represents the old commander standing in a characteristic attitude, with one hand thrust carelessly in his trousers' pocket and the other resting lightly in his vest. It stands on a handsome base in Grant Park. Trains for Galena, General Grant's old home, may be taken at the Northwestern depot, Wells and Kiiizie streets. THE ENCYCLOPEDIA. 403 Foreign Coin, Value of, in United States Money. The United States Gov- ernment in 1891 declared the following statement of the value of foreign coin in United States money as official. Foreign visitors in Chicago may exchange their national coin at any of the leading banking houses or money brokers' offices at a small cost for exchange. Country. Standard. Monetary Unit. Value in terms u f s. gold dollar. A RGESTINK REPUBLIC Gold and Silver Silver Peso $0.96.5 38.1 19.3 77.1 54.6 l.CO 77.1 91.2 1.13.9 1.27 77.1 9^.6 26.8 77.1 4.94.3 19.3 19.3 23.8 4.86.6J4 1P.3 96.5 36.6 19.3 99.7 83.1 1.00 83.7 40.2 1.01.4 26.8 77.1 1.08 61.7 19.3 26.8 19.3 69.5 4.4 15.4 AUSTKI A-HUNGARY Florin BtLGIUM Gold and Silver Silver Franc Boliviano Milreis Dollar BOLIVIA 111!. \ /I I. BRITISH POSSESSIONS, N. A. (except NEW- Gold Gold '.. CENTRAL AMERICAN STATES- COSTA RICA, GUATEMALA, HONDURAS, NICARAGUA. SALVADOR Silver Peso . ... Gold and Silver Silver Tael ( Shanghai -< Haikwan. . . / (customs) Peso Peso COLOMBIA . . . Silver Gold and Silver Gold CUBA * DENMARK . . . ECUADOR Silver Sucre. EGYPT Gold... Pound (100 piastres) Mark FINLAND Gold FRANCE Gold and Silver Gold Gold. Franc .. GERM A.N EMPIRE Mark Pound Sterlg. Drachma GREAT BRITAIN GREECE Gold and Silver Gold and Silver Silver H AYTI INDIA ... ITALY Gold and Silver Gold and Silver Gold Lira. Y (Gold... Yen - 1 Silver- Dollar JAPAN . LIBERIA MEXICO Silver . ... Dollar Florin . . NETHERLANDS Gold and Silver Gold NEWFOUNDLAND Dollar NORWAY PERU Gold Silver Crown Sol.. PORTUGAL , RUSSIA Gold Silver Milreis Ruble SPAIN Gold and Silver Gold Gold and Silver Silver Peseta. SWEDEN SWITZERLAND Crown TRIPOLI Mahbub of 20 piastres . ... Piastre Bolivar.. TURKEY VENEZUELA.. . Gold. . . Silver . . . Fort Dearborn. The site of Fort Dearborn [see "Chicago As It "Was"], is now covered by a wholesale grocery house, at the corner of Michigan ave- 404 GUIDE TO CHICAGO. Goose Island. Located on the North branch of the Chicago river and covered with immense manufactories, lumber yards, etc., and surrounded by docks. It is becoming one of the most valuable centers in Chicago. An effort has been made to change the name from Goose to Ogden Island, but this was defeated and the histor.c appellation retained. It derives it name from its shape which resembles the body of a goose. Drake Fountain. To occupy space between the City Hall and Court House buildings, Washington street frontage. Presented to the city by Mr. John .B Drake. It is to be Gothic in style, and will be composed of granite from Baviuo, Itaty. The base is sixteen feet square, length thirty-five feet. The design includes a pedestal, on the front of which will be placed a bronze utatue of Christopher Columbus, seven feet high, which is to be cast in the royal foundry at Rome. The statue will be the work of the celebrated sculptor, R H. Park. From a clay model it is learned that Mr. Park has represented his subject as a student rather than as a navigator, standing in an easy pose, the weight of the body resting on the right leg, the head thrown forward and the eyes regarding a small terrt'stml globe which the figure holds in the left hand, the light holding a pair of compass< s and resting on the hip in such a manner as to draw the folds of the tunic backwards, and show the form to better advantage. In modeling the features Mr. Park has consulted reproductions of all the alleged portraits of Columbus, but has relied more upon descriptions of him quoted from various sources and in Traducci's "Life of Columbus" for the character expressed. The fountain is to be provided with an ice chamber capable of holding two tons of ice, and is to be surrounded with a water pipe containing ten faucets, each supplied with a bronze cup. The entire cost will be $15,000. Mr. Drake's generous gift to the city is to be ready for pub- lic use in 1892, and it will thus be happily commemorative of the 400lh anni- versary of the discovery of America by Columbus. Free Kindergartens. All Souls' Kindergarten, 3939 Langley ave. ; Armour Mission Kindergarten, 33d st. and Armour ave.; Bethesda Mission Kindergarten, 409 S.Clark; Bohemian Mission Kindergarten, 711 Loomis et.; Borland Kindergarten, Horace Maun School, cor. 37th si. and Portland ave.; Hrcnnan Public School Kindergarten, Brighton Public School Kindergarten, Drexel Ki idergirten, Riymond School, Priederich Froebel Kindergarten, cor. 12t,h and Halstedsts. ; Hancock Public School Kindergarten, Herford Kinder- garten, (Morning), 405 22d st.; Hull House Kindergarten, 335 South Halsted st. ; Immanuel Baptist Church Kindergarten, 2306 State st.j Italian Kindergarten, 505 S. Clark st.; Kate C. Richardson's Memqrial Kindergarten, Memorial Baptist Church, Oakland Boulevard, near Cottage Grove ave.; Kindergarten, 171 Division st.; King's Daughters' Kinder- garten, 5304 Jiff is. 11 ave.; Kinzie Public School Kindergarten, Peck Public School Kindergarten (Afternoon), Porter Memorial Kindergarten, cor. 12th st. and Ashland ave.; Raymond Mission Kindergarten, cor. 30th and Poplar sts. ; Sedgwick St. Chapel Kindergarten, 388 Sedgwickst.; St. Pius Convent Kindergarten, cor. Ashland ave. and 20th M.; St. Pius Mon- astery Kindergarten, cor. 19th and Paulina sts.; Talcott Day .Nursery Kinder- C >-i rt H . ^ < ^ 5: H I THE ENCYCLOPEDIA. 405 garten No. 1, 169 W. Adams st. ; Talcott Day Nursery Kindergarten No. 2, 581 Austin ave. ; The Creche Kindergarten, cor. 24th st. and Wabash ave.; The Bordeu Kindergarten, 517 and 519 Milwaukee ave.; Unity Industrial School Kindergarten, 80 Elm st. Grant Statue, Lincoln Park. Situated on the North Shore Drive, Lin- coln Park. Take the North Clark St. or Wells St. cable Une. A magnificent monument to the memory of the great general of the Civil War. The sculpter was Louis T. Rebisso, au exile from his native land for the part he took in striving to establish a republic in Italy, Whilst the signs of public mourning were still visible in Chicago there was a spontaneous movement for the erection of a monument to General Grant. To suggest was to act; to act was to execute. Within a year the requisite fund was subscribed, and an award of $200 made to Rebisso of Cincinnati for presenting the most acceptable design. The result is before the public in the unique equestrian group unveiled amid the impressive ceremonies of October 7, 1891. There have been many attempts in sculpture to image General Grant, but we can recall none more successful than Mr. Rebisso's. ^ The physical proportions of the mejestic figure are as faultless as the facial expression. Grant was about five feet seven inches high, with a well-knit frame, the image of con- scious strength and matchless endurance. He had a square and spacious forehead, a strong lower jaw and firm-set lips. His hair and whiskers were always worn short. His habitual expression indicated repose and firmness, without assumpiiou or severity. No more imposingand successful specimen of monumental art graces any city in the United States. The view of it presented in THE STANDAUD GUIDE is a pleasing one. The general is in full uniform, mounted and in the attitude of critical inspection. Grasping a field-glass in his right hand, h rests it in an easy and wholly unstudied man- ner upon his right thigh, as after having taken a careful survey of the field. The pose of the human figure suggests a concentration of thought, and the confidence begot of self-reliance. Apparently he is observing the execution of an order in some movement of the troops. Both horse and rider are in a state of vigilant yet firm repose. With the single exception of President Lincolu's, no face and figure are more familiar to the American people than General Grant's. The colossal bronze statue at the park measures eighteen feet three inches in height from the bottom of the plinth to tlie highest point. It is the largest bronze casting ever attempted in this country. The dedica- tion occurred on ihe afternoon of October 7, at two o'clock. The ceremonies were most impressive, and was witnessed by no fewer than 100,000 persons. The ceremonies were intrusted to a committee composed of the Hon. Jesse Spalding, chairman; Col. A. C. Ducat, invitations; Col. Freeman Connor, Grand Army; Capt. D. II. Gile, National Guard; Maj. G. H. Heafford, trans- prtHtir>n; Capt. J. T. McAuly, secretary; Col. M. D. Briggs, civic societies. The military and civic parade was the largest and grandest ever witnessed ou this continent. Great Clocks of the City. In the old days before the building was destroyed everybody's time was regulated by the Court House bell, and it is said that for some time after the fire there were no two watches or clocks in town that agreed. It is only withiu^the last few years that public time pieces have appeared. People down town" in the vicinity of the Custom House consult the clock in the Board of Trade tower and the Custom House clock. The 406 GUIDE TO CHICAGO. largest v^ock in the city is that in the tower of the new Grand Central Depot Harrison st. and Fifth ave. There are also great clocks at the North- Western and Rock Island. The Central Music Hall has a fine clock, so has the Inter Ocean building, the Tobey Furniture Company building, McAvoy's Brewery, the North Division railroad office, and the Jesuit Church on Twelfth st. The Manasse chronometer in the Tribune building is consulted more than any in the city, but there are innumerable clocks regulated by electricity throughout the city now. These are operated from the Western Union telegraph office. Hardware. There are 300 retail hardware and cutlery stores in Chicago. IFnymarket Massacre. Night of May 4, 1886. Take West Randolph street car and alight at the Police Monument. The title is a misnomer. The tragedy recalled to mind by the name in reality occurred on De-splaines St., between the Haymarket and the alley which runs east from Desplaines St., south of Crane Brothers' manufacturing establishment. The wagon from which the anarchist speakers addressed the mob stood directly in front of Crane Brothers' steps, about eight feet north of this alley. The bomb was thrown from the mouth of the alley and exploded between the second and third companies of policemen, as the six companies were halting close to the wagon. The bomb thrower unquestionably made his escape through the alley, which connects with another opening on Randolph st., east of the Haymarket. Seven policemen were killed outright, or died shortly afterward of their wounds, as a result of the explosion. A large num- ber of policemen were badly and permanently injured. How many of those in the mob were killed or died afterward of the injuries they received in the police fusillade which followed the explosion has never beep known, for their bodies were quietly buried and their wounds concealed by their friends whenever possible. The arrest of the leaders, Fielden, Spies, Engel, Lingg, Neebe, Schwab, Fischer, the searching of the Arbeiter Zeitung office, on the east side of Fifth av., near Washington st., and the discovery there of a vast supply of dyna- mite, arms, bombs and infernal machines; the discovery of bombs in different parts of the city, under sidewalks, in lumber yards and at the homes of the anarchists; the sensational surrender of Parsons, who had taken flight on the night of the massacre; the long trial, the speeches, the sentence, the appeal; the refusal of the Supreme Court of the United States to interfere; the efforts made to have the death sentence commuted; the day of execution, the llth of November, 1887; the shocking suicide of the " tiger anarchist," Lingg, in his cell at the jail; the hanging of Parsons, Spies, Engel and Fischer, the commutation of the death sentences of Fielden and Schwab to life imprison- ment, all contributed toward the popular excitement which followed the fatal 4th of May and continued until the gallows and the prison had per- formed the parts assigned them by the law. The executed anarchists are buried at Waldheim Cemetery. [See "Waldheim Cemetery."] The cell in which Lingg committed suicide is directly in front of the "cage" in the county jail. The other anarchists occupied cells in the same row. [See County Jail.] The police monument at the intersection of Randolph and Desplaines sts. (Haymarket Square) was erected by the citizens of Chicago in honor of the brave officers who risked or sacrificed their lives in defense of the law. and in commemoration of the death of anarchy in this city. Jlaymarkel Square. That portion of W. Randolph st. between Desplaines and Ilalsted sts., West Side. Take Randolph st. cars. Near the east end of THE ENCYCLOPEDIA. 407 the square for many years stood the West Side Market House, a part of which wasoccupied as a police station. The square is now entirely open, the police monument which stands at the intersection of Randolph and Desplaines sts. being the only obstruction in the broad thoroughfare. To the north of the monument, on Desplaines St., the bomb was thrown on the night of May 4, 1886. [See Haymarket Massacre.] Hell Gate Crossing. By far the most dangerous street intersection in Chicago is at Randolph and LaSalle, where all cars of the North and West Side cable systems pass, two of the tracks curving around corners and the ringing of bells by the gripmcn making a din bewildering to pedestrians. Hirsch Monument. Erected by Sinai Congregation in honor of the late Dr. Samuel Hirsch, at Rose Hill Cemetery. The monument is a plain marble shaft. It bears the following inscription: "Erected by Chicago Sinai con- gregation, the first to adopt without compromise or hesitation the principles he taught, and consecrated to the memory of Dr. Samuel Hirsch. Born in Thalfangen, Prussia, June 8, 1815, he died in Chicago May 14, '89. For fifty years of active life as rabbi, both in Europe and the United States, he was the most fearless and consisteut champion of enlightened, liberal Judaism, and by wards of mouth and pen never tired of holding its tenets as fundamentally the doctrine destined to be the religion of humanity, looking neither to the right nor to the left, but confident of the invincible power of (ruth. Those who now lag behind will follow, and those who now oppose will endorse our movement." Illinois Central General Passenger Depot. New depot of the Illinois Cen- tral Railway will consist of. a train-shed, 600 feet long by over 150 feet wide. It will, of course, contain ticket offices, waiting-rooms, restaurant annexes, etc., all fitted up in the most modern style. Immediately skirting the lake, extending southward from Park Row, over Twelfth st. very nearly to Thirteenth, it will be made in beauty of design and vastness of proportions one of the most striking architectural features of Chicago viewed from the lake. For a \ong time the Illinois Central people have been anxious to build a new depot. In common with the citizens at large they recognized the build- ing of such as an absolute necessity. Several insuperable obstacles intervened, however, to prevent the realization of their desires as at first projected. The property at the foot of Randolph street on which the depot stands at present is owned jointly by the Illinois Central and Michigan Central Rail- road Companies. Both corporations were of one mind as to the necessity of a new depot. They differed, however, when it came to the disposition of the depot when built. The Michigan Central Company wished to exclude all rival companies the Illinois Central, of course, excepted from the use of thenew depot. The Illinois Central took a position directly opposite, and desired to place the new station at the disposal of any company wishing to use it. As agreement, as far as regarded the jointly-owned site, was practically impossible, the Illinois Central Company resolved to build where it would have sole and undisputed ownership and control 408 GUIDE TO CHICAGO. Indebtedness of Chicago. Tiie assessed valuation for taxation of property of all kinds in the State of Illinois is probably lower in proportion to its actual, or selling, value than in any other State in the Union. Comparison shows the aggregate of the assessed valuation for taxation of the street rail- ways of Chicago, of the national banks and of all the real estate in the city of Chicago transferred during the three mouths ended April 30, 1891 (where tlie consideration was $1,000 or over), to be only $7,886,779, as against an actual selling value of $94,972,626, obtained by adding ttie last bid prices on the Chicago Stock Exchange for stocks of the banks and stocks and bonds of the street railways, and the consideration expressed in deeds; that is, the assessed valuation is only about one-fourteenth of the actual selling value. This low assessed valuation of property in Chicago is further shown when we compare the population and assessed valuation of the six leading cities of the United States: City. Pop. U. S. Census 1890. New York 1,515,301 Chicago. Philadelphia 1,048,964 City. Pop. U. S. Census 1890. Brook yn 806,343 ,1 >99/ 50 St. Louis. 4H.770 Boston 4t8,477 CITY. Assessed Valuation. Net Debt. Debt pei- capita. Ass'ed value per capita. $l,69l>,978,:i90 $9,V16!,073 $65 81,120 Chicago 219,a r >4,3<>8 i 3.554,900 13 199 Phiindelphia 713,902,842 23,119^,576 22 682 452,874, 51 34,639,542 4 562 St. Louis 245,088,770 21/25,1(4 47 643 Boston . 76\353,648 28,321,788 63 1,707 It will be noted that, notwithstanding the very low assessed valuation of property in Chicago, the total debt of Chicago per capita is less than a fifth of the debt per capita of either New York or Boston and is the lowest per capita of any of the six cities named. Inter-State Exposition. Occupied an immense building on the Lake Front, from 1875 to 1892, when the structure was torn down to make room for the permanent Art gallery. Expositions were given annually which attracted thousands of strangers, and for a time were quite popular with residents. Fat stock shows, etc., were also held here. Some of the greatest political conventions [See National Political Conventions] ever assembled in this coun- try were held here. The building iu its later days became an eye-sore to the public. J. V. Farwell Company. The great dry goods house of J. V. Farwell & Co., one of the largest in the world, and doing a business of over $40,000 000 per annum, was incorporated as a stock company on Deceml er 13, 1890. The board of directors are: C. B. Farwell, J. K. Harmon. J. V. Farwell, Jr., J. T. Chumasero, F. P. Potter, J. E. Downs find 8. Farwell. The officers arc: C. B. Farwell, president; J. K. Harmon, vice- president; J. V. Farwell, Jr., treasurer; J. T. Chumasero, secretary. THE ENCYCLOPEDIA. 409 Kenwood Physical Observatory. One of the best equipped astronomical stations in the country. Dedicated 1892. The observatory is located at Grand avenue and Forty-sixth street, and is the gift of W. E. Hale, of the Hale Elevator Company, to his so~n, George E. Hale, recently graduated from college. Young Mr. Hale has been a devoted student of astronomical science for several years, and his enthusiasm so interested his father that the latter determined to build an observatory which could justly be so called. The observatory is unique as being the first private investment of the kind in the city. The building and telescope represent an outlay of about $20,000. The building is a finely decorated structure of two stories. A revolving dome surmounts the whole and electric lights from spt cial dynamos furnish illumination. The telescope is a twelve-iuch refracting .equatorial. It was built especially to carry the spectroscope. The total length c.f the instrument is 22% feet. The rotating dome is 26^ feet in diameter. The telescope was built by Warner & Swasey, of Cleveland, O. The spectroscope was manufactured by J. A. Brashear, of Allegheny CLy, Pa. Kosciusko Monument. Projected by the Kosciusko Monument Association, which proposes to erect a $25,000 statue to the Polish patiiot at Humboldt park. Labor Temple. Plans have been drawn for the construction of a great Labor Temple in this city to cost $500,000. It is to cover 150x150 feet in area, and from twelve to fifteen stories high. The plans at pres- ent are to have the first floor devoted to stores, the second to a large hall; the four upper stories to a hotel, and the remainder to lodge rooms and offices for headquarters of the various unions. The matter is in the hands of the Building and improvement Company of which the following are officeis: Homer Cooke, president; Wallis K. Cook, vice-president; E. J. Blcs&ington, secretary; J. E. Buckbee, assistant secretary; Chas. S. Simmons, treasurer; D. R. W., Williams, general agent. Logan Statue. To be erected to the memory of the late General and Senator, John A. Logan. Soon after the death of Gen. Logan, in 1887, the Illinois Legislature passed an act appropriating $50,000 fora monument of John A. Logan and for the appointment of commissioners therefor. The monument was to b erected " at such point in the City of Chicago or else- where in the State of Illinois as may be selected by his widow," and the commissioners were authorized and empowered to receive proposals and to contract for the completion of such monument and to receive subscriptions therefor. It was further provided, that if the place selected for the monu- ment should be a public park, the commissioners in charge of such park should be " authorized, empowered, and directed to place the monument upon a site so selected by said widow, and to provide that such monument shall b'e made the permanent resting place of the remains of said John A. Logan and of his willow after her death." When the bill was passed in 1887 it was the intention to erect the monument some place in the South Parks. The com- missioners, or a majority of them, expressed an intention to erect the pedestal, and it was proposed to enlarge the appropriation for the monument by popu- lar subscription; by subscription among the veteran soldiers and among the friends and admirers of the dead soldier-statesman. But, as time passed on, there were no subscriptions from any source, and the promoters of the project came to the conclusion that the $50,000 appropriated by the State would be the only available fund. The commissioners appointed under the act for the 410 GUIDE TO CHICAGO. erection of the monument were Henry W. Blodgett, W. C. Goudy, Robert T. Lincoln, John M. Palmer, Milton Hay, Richard S. Tuthill, William H, 1 1 ii-per, Melville W. Fuller, John R. Walsh Oliver A. Harker, William S. Morris, and George W. Smith. It is understood that 'he original purpose to make the monument " the permamanent resting place of Gen. Logan and of his widow after her death " has been abandoned. The statue will be erected before the opening of the World's Fair. Market Squares. There have been no public market houses in Chicago for a number of years, but back in the early days of the city one stood in each of the three divisions. The South Side market was on State St., between Randolph and South Water sts.; the West Side market was on Haymarket square, and the North Side market was on Michigan St., where the Criminal Court building and jail now stand. The Haymahket massacre occurred near the site of the West Side market. Mayor Wcntworth piled all the overhang- ing signs, which he tore down during his second administration, on the South Side site, and Stephen A. Douglas was mobbed on the North Side site. Police stations were located in each of these market houses, and the upper floors were used as town or public halls. Mayors of Chicago. Following is a list of the mayors of Chicago from theincorporationof tbe city to the present time: William B. Ogden, Buckner S. Morris, Benjamin W. Raymond, Alexander Loyd, Francis C. Sherman, Augustus Garrett, Alson S. Sherman, John Putnam Chapin, James Curtiss, James H. Wordworth, Walter S. Gurnee, Charles M. Gray, Isaac L. Milliken, Levi D. Boone, Thomas Dyer, John Wentworth, John C. Haines, Julian S. Rumsay, John B. Rice, Roswell B. Mason, Joseph Medill, Harvey D. Colvin, Monroe Heath, Carter H. Harrison, John A. Roche, DeWitt C. Cregier, Hempstead Washburne. Meat Markets. There are 1,400 retail meat markets in Chicago. Michigan Avenue. Formerly a residence street along the Lake Park, has changed materially within a few years. It is now Michigan blvd. It will probably become the great hotel avenue of the city. At present some of the grandest structures in Chicago are located along its west side. At Adams st. is the Brunswick, and on the opposite corner is the Pullman building, which is more or less of a hotel. On the northeast 'corner cf Jackson street is located the Argyle apartment building, which is really a large family hotel. North of it, on the ground owned by the Jennings estate, and occupied by Leroy Payne's stables, there will be a hotel. On the southwest corner is the Leland, and then the Richelieu. Next comes the Beaurivage, which has been remodeled into a hotel by the owner, L. J. McCormick, who will call it the Victoria. These three hotels occupy the entire block between Jackson and VanBuren sts. At the northeast corner of Congress st. is the greatest of all, the Auditorium. Within three or four years the Auditorium Hotel Company will acquire possession of the Stude- baker building, which adjoins it on the north, and which will be re arranged so as to be suitable for hotel purposes. Between Harrison and Twelfth sts. there are several large apartment buildings which answer the same purpose as family hotels. At Park Row and Twelfth st. is the site selected for the new hotel, which will rival the Auditorium. Along the avenue south of Four- teenth to Twentieth st. are a number of apartment houses which can be THE ENCYCLOPEDIA. 411 classed as family hotels. At Twenty -first st. a big hotel, to be known as the " Fairbanks'/' will be built. The Batchelder interests will build at Twenty- second st., and at Twenty-third st. the magnificent Hotel Metropole is being builded. There will be at the southeast corner of Thirty-fifth st. a large apartment building. These different enterprises are gradually changing Michigan ave. from a thoroughfare of fine residences to a semi-business st., which has no parallel in Chicago. Milk Supply of Chicago. R. M. Littler, secretary of the Chicago Produce Exchange, and also wf the National 'Dairyman's Association, has complied figures showing something of the extent of the milk traffic of this city (pas year 1891). Chicago's dairy farm is a large one, extending away into tie southern edge of Wisconsin, and west and south a distance of more than one hundred miles. The milk is collected daily from individual farmers and rapidly forwarded to the city on fast express trains, many of which are engaged solely in this business, making the long distance named in three hours, arriving here in early morning. The milk is carried in cans of ei^ht gallons each, and about 12,000 cans arrive daily at the several depots, chiefly on the West Side. The 100,000 gallons of milk received every morning represent a wholesale price of 14 cents per gallon, or a daily milk bill of $14,000, making a yearly total of rather more than $5,000,000. Of course the sum finally paid by 1,200,000 consumers at the retail price asked is much larger than the above perhaps double. Taking as an average daily yield two gallons for each cow it will be seen that in order to keep the city supplied 50,000 cows are on duty each day. From official returns of other cities in this country it appears that Chicago uses more milk per capita than the large centers in the East. This is largely due to the fact that here there is relatively little condensed milk consumed. In many of the chief cities and towns of the Eastern States, where pastorage and hard feed represent greater expense to the dairyman, there is a large consumption of condensed milk. This is produced in the Elgin and other domestic dairy districts, and alto Switzerland, France and Germany. Monuments. The monuments of Chicago are Douglas Monument, in Douglas Monument Park. Take Illinois Central train for Thirty-fifth st.; the Lincoln, Grant, La Salle, Shakespeare, Schiller, Von Linne. and Indian Monu- meuts in Lincoln Park [see Lincoln Park]; the Police Monument, in Hay- market Square; take Randolph st. car; the Soldiers' Monument, at Rose HiJl Cemetery [see Rose Hill Cemetery] and the Mulligan Monument at Calvary. [See Calvary Cemetery.] A monument to the late Judge Knickerbocker is contemplated for South Park ; Leonard Volk, sculptor. Lincoln Park is to have a monument erected to the memory of Admiral David G. Far- ragut. Victor Hugo in bronze will likely grace the entrance to the French building during the World's Fair. A statue of Hans Christian Ander- son is also contemplated, a society having been organized for the pur- pose of erecting it. A statue of William B. Ogden, Chicago's first mayor, is to be erected south of the intersection of North Clark cand Wells sts., oppo- site Lincoln Park. The Netherlanders of the city have in contemplation the erection of a statue of William, Prince of Orange. The prominent Irish societies of the city will erect a statue of Daniel O'Connell. A statue of Colum- bus will surmount the Drake Fountain in front of the City Hall. [See Drake Fountain.] A $50,000 statue of the late Gen. John A. Logan, by St. Gaudens, 41# GUIDE TO CHICAGO. at the entrance to Jackson Park at Sixty-third st. Charles T. Yerkes has provided for a statue of the late Gen. Philip H. Sheridan, to be erected in Union Park, West Side. The monuments at present in position, and those in the cemeteries are mentioned under appropriate headings in the Encyclopedia. New Patrol Wagon and Ambulance. This new ambulance has a handsome top in black, the panels of the body of the wagon being in rid and blue and with the lettering "Patrol Police Department." The stretcher, on the inside, for the patient, is suspended from straps, with a spiral spring at the end of each at the corners of the wagon. This arrangement prevents any rough motion of the stretcher or bed from the jolting of the wagon or any sudden swaying in any direction. The intention is said to be to have covers placed on all the patrol wagons of the department, and convert at least those attached to the principle stations into ambulance vehicles also. The general feeling is that the wagons ought to be covered long ago. The matrons of the stations often have to ride long distances in patrol wagons with women in their charge, and such a ride on an open wagon in a winter's storm or the blazing heat of summer is considered a hardship. Then it is considered proper that men and women, whether crim- inals or drunkards, or sick or maimed or dead, should not be driven through the streets exposed to the weather and the public gaze. New Water Tunnels. Chicago has well underway three tunnels through which the future water supply is to come. They are what are known as the Lake View tunnel, the North Shore Inlet Extension, and the tunnel which starts from the Lake Front, near Park Row. When all are finished Chicago will have an unrivaled water supply. Ogden Statue The projected statue to the late William B. Ogden, first mayor of Chicago, will be erected on the park front, just south of the inter- section of North Clark and Wells Streets. This intersection is to be known hereafter as Ogden Place. The heirs of the Ogden estate are to provide the statue. No definite plans had been agreed upon up to this writing. Revenge Circular. The following is the full text of the circular issued by the anarchists of Chicago, after the suppression by the police of the riot on '' the Black Road.'' [See "Black Road."] It was written by Adolph Spies afterwards executed for his part in the Haymarket massacre. " Revenge! Workingmen to Arms! Your masters sent out their bloodhounds, the police. They killed six of your brothers at McCorrnick's this afternoon. They killed tne poor wretches because they hud the courage to disobey the suprem will of your bosses; they killed them because they dared to nsk tor the shortening of the hours of toil; they killed them to show you, free American citizens, that you must be satisfied and contented with whatever your bosses condescend to allow you- or you will get killed. You have for years suffered unmensurable iniquities: you have worked yourself to death; you have endure. I tde pangs of want and hunger; your children you have sacrificed to the factory lords in fact you have been miserable and ob client s aves all these years. Wh.\ ? To satisfy the insati- able greed, to till the coffers of your lazy, thieving masters. When you ask them now to lessen the burden they send their bloodhounds out to shoot you kill you. Jf you are men, if you are the sons of your grandsires who have shed their blood to free you, then you will rise in your might, Hercules, and destroy the hideous monster that seeks to destroy you. To arms! We call you to arms! " Youit BROTHERS." Riot of '77. Outgrowth of the great railroad strike throughout the entire eastern portion of the United States, particularly in Pennsylvania. Principal scenes of trouble in Chicago: South Halsted street from viaduct a s 3 ] *- "P 4J & ^ 2 ^ u > o r S w THE ENCYCLOPEDIA. 413 to the Stock Yards; railroad tracks at Sixteenth street; W. Twelfth Street Turner Hall and the entire southwestern portion of the city. The riot threatened serious consequences for some days, but was finally quelled by the arrival of United States troops from the plains "Rookery.'' After the great fire of 1871 the municipality erected for temporary use a two-story brick building on the half block bounded by LaSalle, Adams and Quincy streets, and the alley between LaSalle and Clark streets and called it the City Hall. It was also occupied by the Courts. The structure was put up in great haste, and without regard to architectural beauty. It is stated that pigeons used to flock to the building, induced thither by a glass roof which surmounted a disused water tank which occu- pied the center of the structure and by the oats which fell from the feed-bags which the fire marshals used for their horses on the Quincy street side. The story goes that one day a gentleman marched into Mayor Medill's office to complain ot the pigeon nuisance and spoke of the building as a " rookery." Whether this was the real origin of the term or not, the newspaper reporters got into the habit of calling the building the " rookery," and it was generally understood that they alluded to the dilapidated condition of the structure, which from the day it was finished began to fall to pieces. At any rate the name clung to it as long as the building stood, and when the present magnifi cent structure took its place its owners decided to retain it. [See Rookery Building.] Shakespeare Statue, Lincoln Park. Take the North Clark or Wells street cable lines. The site is near the Indian group. O. W. Partridge, sculptor. The design was chosen by Mr. J. DeKoven, one of the trustees of the fund left by Mr. Samuel Johnson for the erection of the monument. Mr. Partridge, th artist who executed the statue, has made a careful study of the death-mask of the great dramatist, consulted many able Shake- sperian students, and spent some time at Stratford-on-Avon in order to pre- pare himself for the work of reconstructing the portrait of a man whose genius is sufficiently overawing to make any artist hesita'e before undertaking the task of clothing it in the outward form which is to represent it. The con- ception of Mr. Partridge is not the haughty actor or the solemn philosopher, pondering on the frailty of humanity, but the smiling poet and observer of mankind. The pose of the figure is graceful, as far as may be judged from the photograph, and the costume and accessories seem to be in keeping. The chair on which the figure is seated has a suggestion of heaviness about it, but this is undoubtedly made necessary by the weight which it must support. Sheridan Road. A. beautiful driveway that skirts the North shore, between Lincoln Park and Fort Sheridan. This drive was projected as a common roadway, but, the probable work in future improvements, as the country along the North shore developes, is practically immeasurable. The drive is at present about twenty-four miles in length, ranging in quality from first-class asphalt pavement to a plain country road. The total cost of work completed is about $500,000. This covers only the work done north of Lincoln Park, and includes the work done on the six miles north of Edge- water. The work has been carried on by private and municipal enterprise. The character of the work, of course, varies with the present development of the country. For this reason the southern part of the work is superior to the work done in the northern half of the road. Through the villages along 414 GUIDE TO CHICAGO. the shore old-established streets are made an integral part of the road. The return drive through Evanston, Soulh Evanston and Rodgers Park is by no means an unimportant part of this north-shore improvement. The section of this drive in South Evanston has been set apart as a boulevard and the work of improvement of the same will cost about $70,000. For a distance of one and one-half miles this drive is to be paved with cedar blocks, curbed, and lined with elm trees. The work of construction, particular!}' on the northern part of theroad, has been much more difficult than that of ordinary boulevarding around Chicago. Instead of a smooth and uniformly level street, the road winds around the sides of ravines and runs over hills and down declines of from 50 to 100 feet. The road when finished will be turned over to the commissioners of the various town and village authorities The construction is in charge of the Sheridan Road Association, of which Mr. Alexander Clark, of South Evanston, one of the originators of the sclieme of improvement, is secretan r . Sheridan Statue. To be erected to the memory of Gen. P. H. Sheridan at Union Park, West Side, at the personal cost of Mr. Charles T. Yerkes. No expense, it is understood, will be spared in making this one of the hand- somest monuments of the city and in producing the most accurate likeness of " Little Phil " in existence. State Central Committees. The composition of Ihe State Cential Com- mittees of Illinois is as follows: REPUBLICAN. Headquarters, Grand Pacific Hotel, Chicago. Chairman, A. M. Jones; secretary, C. A. Partridge; treas- urer, George Schneider. Members at large. A. M. Jones, Chicago; E. H. Morris, Chicago. Members: 1st District, Pliny B. Smith, Chicago; 2d, G. J. Chott, Chicago; 3d, Henry L. Hertz, Chicago; 4th. E. S. Conway, Oak Park; 5th, W. S. Frazier, Aurora; 6th, George S. Roper, Rock ford; 7th, Thomas DiHer, Sterling; 8th, Thomas C. Fullerton, Ottawa; 9th, Dr. E. A. Wilcox, Minonk; 10th, Isaac C. Edwards, Peoria; llth, Peyton Roberts, Monmouth; 12th, U. H. Keath, Quincy; 13th, C. R. Paul, Springfield; 14th, E. D. B inn, Lincoln; loth, James H. Clark, Mattoon; 16th, A. H. Jones, Robinson; 17th, H. J. Hamlin, Shelbyville; 18th, H. Brueggemau, Alton; 19th, James S. Mar- tin, Salem; 20th, W. C. S. Rhea, Marion. DEMOCRATIC. Headquarters, Sherman House, Chicago. Chairman, Delos P. Phelps; secretary, Theo. Nel- son; treasurer, W. B Brinton Members at large: J. II. Baker, Sullivan; D. P. Phelps, Monmouth; S. B. Chase, Chicago; J. C. Strain, Chicago; Andrew Welsh. Aurora; J. R. Creighton, Fairfield; C. D. Hoiles, Greenville. Mem- bers: 1st District, Thomas Gahan, Chicago; 3d, Joseph P. Mahoney. Chicago; 3d, W. F. Mahoney, Chicago; 4th, Fred Greisheimer, Chicago; 5th, Denis J. Hogan, Geneva; 6th, W. O. Wright, Freeport 7th, C. C. Johnson, Sterling; 8th, P. C. Haly, Joliet; 9th, D. C. Taylor, Kankakee; 10th, S. Y. Thornton, Canton; llth, J. W. Potter, Rock Island; 12th W. H. Hiurichsen, Jackson- ville; 13th, J. D. Wright, Petersburg; 14th, Theodore Nelson, Decatur; 15th, W. B. Brinton, Tuscola; 16th, John Landrigan, Albion; 17th, J. W. Lump- kin, Carliuvillc; 18th, Timothy Gruaz, Highland; 19th, Walter Watson, Mount Vernon; 20th, R. E. Sprigg, Chester. PROHIBITION. Headquarters, Rockford. Chairman, John W. Hart; secretary, James Lamont; treasurer, J. B. Hobbs. Members: 1st District, Rev. H. S.Taylor, Englewood; Rev. J. C. Stoughton, Chicago; 2d, J. P. Bishop, Chicago, Nillis Johnson, Chicago; 3d, Mrs. L. S. Rounds, A. E. Wilson, Chicago; 4th, MissII. L. Hood, J. B. Hobbs, THE ENCYCLOPEDIA. 415 Chicago; 5th, M. H. Daley, DeKalb, J. N. Wheeler, Geneva; 6th,"Joho W. Hart, Rockford; 7th, D- E. Holmes, Galva, F. E. Andrews, Sterling; 8th: M, E. Cornell, Yorkville; 9th, E.E. Day, Kankakee, W. H. Boles, Eureka; 10th, Dan 1 R. Sheen, Peoria, Rev. J. G. Evans, Abingdon; llth, J. R. Hanna, Monmouth, L. F. Gumbart, Macomb; 12th, J. L. B. Ellis, Griggsville, II. S. Wells, Quincy: 13th, R. H. Patton, Springfield; 14th, A, F. Smith, Decatur, D. II. Harts, Lincoln; 15th, C. V. Guy, Danville, Geo. W. Gere, Champaign; 16th, Hale Johnson, Newton, G. B. Murray, Olney; 17th, L. F. Stoddard, Ramsey, H. B. Kepley, Effingham; 18th; Jas. A. Watts, Nashville, A. J. Meek, Marissa; 19th, A. M. Sterman, Dahlgren, John Lund, McLeansboro; 20th, J. F. McCartney, Metropolis, M. A. .Smith, Vienna. Subterranean Theater Tae Hardy Subterranean Scenery Company was incorporated recently with a capital of 300,000. This company proposes to build a subterranean theater the plans of which contemplate a work of such magnitude and novelty that they have been received with doubt and ridicule. However, the projectors insist that they will be carried out. These plans include the erection of a large building above the mouth of a shaft which will penetrate the earth from six hundred to a thousand feet, showing coal mines and weird subterranean caverns below. As the whole matter is in its infancy, a description of it would be out of place here. Telegraph Service. The Western Union Telegraph (main) office is located on the southwest corner of Washington and La Salle sts. There are branch offices in nearly all the leading hotels and in drug stores, etc., throughout the city. The Postal Telegraph (main) office is located at 12 Pacific ave. Branch offices of this company are likewise located at conven- ient points, throughout the city. The main office of the American District Telegraph are located at 501 Pullman building; it has numerous branches. The B. & O. Telegraph office is at 70 Board of Trade; Chicago & Milwaukee Telegraph Co., 7 Exchange Place, General Fire Alarm Telegraph Co., 118 La Salle st. Gold and Stock Telegraph Company, 289 La Salle st. Mes- sengers may be called by any public telephone, or by signal boxes, found in all public places. Telepliones. Telephones may be found in the various branch offices of the Chicago Telephone Company, in nearly all drug stores and in all hotels and public places. The charge for messages is usually ten cents. The Cen- tral Telephone office is located in the Telephone building, Washington and Franklin sts , near mouth of tunnel. There are, besides the Chicago Tele- phone Company, the following: American Cushman Telephone Co. ,242 S. Water st.; Central Union Telephone Co., Pullman building; Gray National Telephone Co., 189 La Salle St.; Northwestern Overland Telephone and Telegraph Co., 243 Adams st.; Police Telephone and Signal Co., 118 La Salle st.; Ravenswood Telephone Exchange, 410 Opera House building. At the last annual meeting of the stockholders of the Central Union Telephone Company it was shown that the gross earnings of the company increased dur- ing 1891, $125,000. The number of instruments in use showed a net increase of 1,934. The net earnings of the company amounted to $378,840, which is equal to 5.74 per cent, on the $6,600,000 capital stock. The Central Union Telephone Company was organized in 1883, and has now become the most important telephone company in the West. Its territory comprises a number 416 GUIDE TO CHICAGO. of Western States, including nearly all of Illinois outside of Cook County. Board of Directors: C. H. BrownelJ, 11. C. Clowry, C. R. Cummiugs, M. G. Kellogg, H. B. Stone, John F. VVallack, J. Russell Jones, John E. Hudson, and F. H. Griggs. The old Executive Comniitte and the following oilicers were elected: Henry B. Stone, president; W. S. Chapman, secretary. Thomas Orchestra. The Theodore Thomas Orchestra, Theodore Thomas, director, has been engaged for the Auditorium for three years, beginning with the fall of 1891. Fifty gentlemen of Chicago subscribed $1 ,000 each as a subsidy. Among the subscribers were Henry Field (deceased), Marshall Field, C. L. Cummings, Franklin Mac Veagh, Potter Palmer and the Auditorium Company. The Thomas Orchestra is the finest in existence. Two symphony concerts and a public rehearsal will be given weekly during next winter at the Auditorium, and probably nightly concerts through the summers of 1892 1893. United States Appraisers' Building. Used for storage for bonded goods and as offices for the United States appraisers in this city, stands at the northern corner of Harrison and Sherman streets, with a frontage on both streets. The principal entrance is on Harrison street. From foundation to roof the structure has been built with a view to solidity and strength, and the contractors claim that it can not be sufficiently overloaded with merchan- dise to affect its stability in the least. It is likewise fireproof and braced and anchored throughout. The interior finish is simple but neat and in keeping with the outward solid appearance. White oak, highly polished, is used exclusively for wood- work; excepting the flooring in office and storage rooms, where yellow pine is substituted. In the corridors tiling is utilized for floors, and tlie walls here and around the stairways is imported yellow enameled brick. The plastering is all laid on tire-proofiug. Iron stairways to the left ot the main entrance and one passenger elevator furnish people the means of entrance and exit. Two large freight elevators are also provided for the handling of merchandise. University of Illinois. Located at Champaign, 111. Under State super- vision. Von Linne Statue, Lincoln Park. Erected to the memory of Carl von Linne, or Lineaus as the world calls him, an illustrious native of Sweden. The statue is of bronze, of heroic size, on a white marble pedestal, and it overlooks the little common near the foot of Fullerton avenue. The spot is one of the prettiest in the park. The monument is encirckd with fine trees and it looks south over a tine expanse of landscape. It cost the Linnsean Monument Association which built it 22,000, anu is one of the handsomest monuments in the West. The statue was unveiled Ma} 23d, 1891. William, Prince of Orange, Statue To be erected by the Netherlander of Chicago, who have formed themselves into an organization called "William the Silent Company," with officers as follows: G. Burkhoff, Consul of the Netherlands, President; John Vanderpoel, secretary; A. Vanderkloot, treas- urer; Henri U. Massman, the Rev. B. Debuy, F. H. Cooper, S. Bus, John Defus, James H. Van Vlissengen, H. Pelgriem, the Rev. John Vanderhook, and A. H. Nyland, directors. It is expected the statue will be finished and in position before the opening of the World's Fair, THE ENCYCLOPEDIA. 417 Terfces' Fountain, The. Among the great attractions for the visitor is the magnificent electric fountain at Lincoln Park, which was presented to the people of Chicago by Mr. C. T. Yerkes, president of the North and West Side street railway companies. This fountain cost in the neighborhood of $50,000, and is the finest of its kind in existence. It is in operation about two hours every pleasant evening during the summer months, and presents an enchanting spectacle to the hundreds of thousands of people who flock to see it. It is as if the colors of a hundred rainbows were concentrated here into one beautiful fountain of prismatic light. Its ever-changing glories compel the coldest of observers to give expression to wonder, amazement and delight. Take N. Clark st. cable line about 7 P. M. , during the summer evenings, for main entrance to Lincoln Park and North Clark st., and walk directly east toward the Lake shore. NEWSPAPERS. There are published in Chicago 24 dailies, 260 weeklies, 36 semi-month- lies, 5 bi-monthlies, and 14 quarterlies, making a total of 531 d-iily and period- ical newspapers. The fact was disclosed In the last report of the postmaster general that the quantity of newspapers mailed by the publishers at the Chi- cago postofflce equaled the amount mailed at Boston Cincinnati, New Orleans, Buffalo and Baltimore combined, or at St. Louis, Cincinnati, San Francisco, New Orleans and Baltimore combined, and also at Philadelphia, New Orleans, Baltimore and Cincinnati combined, or in the entire thirteen Southern States, with St. Louis combined, amounting to 20,000,000 pounds of serial matter. The newspapers of Chicago have contributed wonderfully to the growth, to the prosperity and to the fame of the city. To her great dailies is Chicago particularly indebted for the intelligent and wide-spread publicity they have given her at home and abroad. The following are the leading publications: Abendpost. Location of publication office, 203 Fifth avenue; the Abend- post Company proprietors. The Abendpvst is a German daily, published at one cent per copy. Its first number appeared on September 2, 18^9. The publishers were Fritz Glogauer and Wm. Kaufmann, the former being editor and manager, the latter residing in Cleveland, O. From its original modest office, at 92 Fifth avenue, the paper had to be removed only five months later to more spacious quarters at 181 Washington street, and in March, 1892. to 203 Fifth avenue, where it occupies the whole five-story building. When the Abendpost was seven mouths old the circulation had grown so large that it became necessary to order two Goss printing presses, with a combined capacity of 48,000 four or six-page papers per hour. On December 29, 1890, the Abendpost was transferred to the Abendpost Company, with a capital stock of |100,000. Fritz Glogauer was elected president and treasurer; Julius Gold- zier, secretary. The Abendpost is entirely independent in politics and appeals to no class or faction. It was successful from the start, and had reached a bonn fide circulation of 35,000 on January 1, 1892. More than nine-tenths of the subscribers, at the time stated, resided in the city of Chicago. The Abend- post opens its books to all advertisers who wish to ascertain its circulation. It ascribes the greater part of its financial success to this method of business. 418 GUIDE TO CHICAGO. Arbeiter Zeitung. Location of publication office, 274 W. Twelfth street. A German daily of socialistic proclivities. August Spies, hanged for com- plicity in the Haymarket bomb-throwing, was editor of this newspaper at the time of his arrest. A. R. Parsons, also executed, was one of its contributors. It was then the open organ of the anarchistic movement. Since the execution It has fallen into comparative obscurity, although it still has a large circula- tion among the discontents. It is issued by the Socialistic Publishing Societ}'. Mail. Location of publication office, old Herald building, 120 Fifth ave. Joseph Dunlop, editor and publisher. A one-cent evening newspaper. The Mail had its origin in the Chicago Press, founded in 1882, by F. O. Ben- nett; Mr. John J. Curran being associated in its management. The Press passed into the hands of Messrs. Stevens & Dillingham, who changed its name to the Evening Mail. In 1885 the Evening Mail was purchased by the Hatton- Snowden Company, who again changed its title to the Chicago Mail. In 1887 it was purchased by the Chicago Mail Company, James J. West being the principal stockholder, and upon the purchase by the latter of the Chicago Tim.es its publication office was removed to the Times building, from which it was issued until it passed under the management and control of Mr. Dun- lop. Originally it was a democratic paper; under the management of the Hatton-Snowden Company and James J. West, it was republican. It is at present an independent publication. Press, The Evening. Established 1891. An independent evening news- paper; price, one cent. Daily Globe. Location of publication office, 118 Fifth are. Incorporated as Daily Globe Publishing Company. The Daily Globe was founded in 1887 by Horace A. Hurlbut, Andrew Matteson, Gen. Walter C. Newberry, Adlai T. Evving, president of the Iroquois club; Chas. R. Dennett and other influen- tial members of the Times staff under the late Wilbur F. Storey. The Daily Globe continued under this proprietorship until 1890, when it came into the possession of its present editor and publisher, Mr. Harry Wilkinson, who owns the controlling stock. It is a pronounced Democratic newspaper. It is edited with ability, and undei (he present management has grown steadily in circulation and prominence until it is now rated among the great dailies of Chicago. This statement can be verified by reference to such prominent news- paper directories as "Rowell," and to that published by Lord & Thomas, of this city. The Daily Globe has taken an activeinterestin promoting the World's Fair, and is a fearless critic of the conduct of public officials, with the purpose of securing good government. There are daily and Sunday editions printed every morning in the year. Daily National Hotel Reporter, The. Established in Chicago in 1871, and is older by several years than any other paper devoted to the hotel interests. It is an eight-page daily, and contains, in addition to the arrivals at the lead- ing hotels of Chicago, much information of value to hotel-keepers, travelers, merchants and business men generally. The office of the paper, together with the Travelers' and Tourists' Exchange, a bureau of information concerning hotels, winter and summer resorts in the United States, is located at No. 7 Monroe street, Chicago. The editor and manager is F. W. Rice. THE ENCYCLOPEDIA. 419 Daily News. Location of publication office, 123 Fifth ave. Founded December 26. 1875. An independent newspaper, having three distinct edi- tions daily the Morning News, the Noon News and the Evening Newt, The Chicago Daily News Company, proprietors, Victor F. Lawson, editor and publisher. Circulation, daily, 220,000 copies. The found- ers of the Chicago Daily News were Melville E. Stone, Percy R. Meggy and William E. Dougherty. Mr. Dougherty's connection wit'h the enterprise was very brief. Mr. Meggy retired within a year after the found- ing of the paper. Mr. Lawson became practically the sole proprietor of the Daily News upon the retirement of Mr. Meggy, Mr. Stone becoming its edi- tor. The latter, however, after a time became a part owner. His connec- tion with the paper was severed in 1888. Mr. Lawson from the first year of the existence of the Daily News had been its publisher; in other words, its financial and bminess manager, and the almost phenomenal growth of the newspaper as a property, is largely due to the intelligent direction he has given its business affairs. The Daily News at first occupied simply a cor- ner of the present counting room for its business office, and a small room in the top of the building for the accommodation of its editorial and compo- sition departments. Originally it had a double cylinder Hoe press, with a capacity of 3,000 per hour. This gave place early in the history of the paper to a four cylinder Hoe, of a capacity (afterward doubled by stereotyping) of about 6,000 per hour. In size it was a four-page paper of about nine by twelve inches to the page, and made up_ after the style of the New York newspaper of the same name. It was issued at noon, 3 p. M. and 5 P. M., daily, and contained merely the gist of the news local, domestic and foreign without any pretention to amplification. Its editorial was paragraphic, and aimed to compress ideas aud opinions into the smallest possible space, in conformity with the general design of the news department, which was to present facts stripped of all surplus verbiage. The price of the paper was one cent, as it is now, and as peuuies were not in general circulation the Daily News was confronted with the double task of introducing and popular- izing the smallest unit of American coin. Mr. Stone was an editor of remark- able ability and energy, and every line in the paper was made to sparkle under his direction, yet the enterprise failed to meet with popular support, and at least twice daring the first eighteen months of its existence the Daily J\ews was on the eve of being abandoned as a failure. In the summer of 1887 the great railroad riots occurred, and the Daily News, taking advantage of the opportunity, issued hourly editions, giving the very latest news, perhaps in a line, perhaps in a sentence, concerning the progress of the labor uprising in Chicago, aud at other points of disturbance. This was while the paper was still using i four-cylinder press. The press hummed from early morning until late at night; utterly failing, however, to meet the demand. Over 90,000 copies of the Daily News were struck off in a single day during these troublous times, two -thirdsof which were printed on one side only, it being impossible, in printer's parlance, to "turn the paper." After the riots the circulation fell to less than 20,000 copies daily, but a gain was made of about 10,000. The paper had become known to the people, and from that time on it has continued to prosper, making such remarkable progress in circulation and influence as to have attracted general attention throughout this country. In 1877 the Daily News absorbed the Evening Post, into which three years pre- viously the Evening Mail had been merged, thus securing the Associated Press franchise. In 1881 the publication of the morning edition, styled 420 GUIDE TO CHICAGO. " The Morning News" was begun, for which the Associated Press franchise was secured in 1882. Nothing can better serve to illustrate the marvelous growth of the Daily News than the statement of the increase in its circulation from vear to year. In 1877 its daily average was 22,037; in 1878, 38,314; in 1879, 45,194; in 1880, 54801; in 1881, 75,820; in 1882, 88,723; in 1883, 99.723; io 1884. 125,178; in 1885, 131,992; in 1886, 152.851; in 1887, 165,376; in 1888, 192,577; in 1889, 222,745; in 1890, 213,871; in 1891, 219,386. At this writing ihe circulation averages about 220,000 a day, and is, with a single exception, the largest daily circulation in America, the Daily News employed about a dozen persons in all capacities in 1877. To-day there are 305 people regularly and exclusively at work in making it, while by its sale thousands of men, women and children are wholly, or partly,' supported. The Daily News has now an equipment of four Hoe quadruple inserting presses, equiv- alent to sixteen of the ordinary single machines, and having a capacity of 192,000 eight-page papers per hour. Admission to the press room is some- times granted visitors on application at the counting-room. Daily Sun, The. Published at the Union Stock Yards, Chicago, 111., wa estiblished by Harvey L. GoOdall, in the year 1868, and is still pub- lished and owned by him. It Las a larger circulation in the southern portion of the city, and in the southern territory recently annexed to the city, than any other paper published in Cook county. It is devoted to general and local news, and takes high rank as an advertising medium. It has a bona tide daily circulation of 16,100 copies. Dagbladet. A daily, published at 369 Milwaukee avenue. Drovers' Journal, The. Daily, semi-weekly and weekly editions, the most extensively circulated paper of its kind in existence, was established at the Union Stock Yards, Chicago, 111., by Hirvey L. Goodall, the present publisher and owner, twenty-two years ago. It is the recognized organ of the live-stock trade of the United States, and boasts of a bona fide weekly out- put of 190,500, Evening Journal. Location of publication office, 161 Dearborn st. The Chicago Evening Journal Company, publishers; John R. Wilson, publisher; George G. Martin, managing editor. The oldest newspaper in Chicago. The American was the first daily newspaper published in Chicago, or in the State of Illinois. It was started by William Stewart, April 9, 1839, and the late Judge Buckner S. Morris became its proprietor in 1841. It was discontinued for want of support, October 17, 1842. On the last day of that month, W. W. Brackett, who had been connected with the American, started the Kxpress as its successor. In 18i4, at the opening of the presidential campaign of that year, the political friends of Henry Clay formed a joint stock company, bought out the Krpress and started the Journal as a whig campaign paper, the first number being issued April 2','d. The stockholders appointed an o litorial committee, consisting of J. Lisle Smith, Wm. H. Brown, George W. Meeker, J. Y. Scanunon and Grant Goodrich, to conduct the paper, assisted by Richard L. Wilson and J. W. Norris as office editors and business man- agers. At the close of the campaign, which ended in the defeat of Mr. Clay by James K. Polk, the newspaper office and the paper parsed into the hands of Richard L. Wilson, who established it on apermanent basis as an organ of the whig party. Mr. Wilson continued to edit it until he was appointed post- master by President Zachary Taylor, in 1849; and when, with other "Seward whig" officeholders, he was removed by Millard Fillmore, a few months THE ENCYCLOPEDIA. 421 subsequently, he resumed the editorship, associating with him his brother, Charles L., the publishing firm being Richard L. and Charles L. Wilson. At the demise of the whig party, the Journal became a republican paper, and has continued such until the present time. Richard died in December, 1856. At that time Andrew Shutnan was associate editor; George P. Upton, city and commercial reporter, and Benjamin F. Taylor, literary editor. Charles L. Wilson became the sole proprietor of the Journal on the death of his brother. In 1861, when Abraham Lincoln became president, and William H. Seward Secretary of State, he was tendered and accepted the appointment of secretary of the American Legation at London. He left the Journal office in charge of John L. Wilson, an elder brother, as publisher, and of Andrew Shuman, as editor. During the years of the War of the Rebel- lion, the Journal prospered famously, and when, in 1864, Charles L. Wilson resigned his official position abroad and returned to resume charge of his newspaper establishment, he found it a very valuable property. His brother, John L., retained his business connection with the office, and Mr. Shuman continued as managing editor. In 1869 John L. retired, and Col. Henry W. Farrar, his son-in-law, who was also Charles L.'s brother in-law, became business manager. The great conflagration of 1871 consumed the Journal office and all its books and materials. But it did not omit a single day's issue. Before the flames which devoured the better part of the city were fairly extinguished the energetic proprietor of the paper, seconded by a force of editorial and reportorial assistants, who were as prompt and public- spirited as their employer was resolute, hired the material and presses of a job office on the west side of the river, and issued an Evening Journal at the usual hour of publication, and it was issued regularly thereafter. In April, 1872, the Journal office was removed into a fine new five-story brick build- ing, with a stone front, at 159 and 161 Dearborn street, where it continues to be published to this day. In 1875 Charles L. Wilson's health began to fail, and in March, 1878, he died at San Antonio, Texas, whither, accompanied by his wife and infant daughter, he had gone to spend the winter. Before his death he had per- fected a plan for the re-organization of the Evening Journal as a joint stock company, of which he was president, and Henry W. Farrar secretary and busi- ness manager. After his death Mrs Wilson and her daughter, being his sole heirs, became owners of nearly all the stock of the Journal company. Andrew Shuman was elected president of the company and remained in editorial control of the paper and Henry W. Farrar (Mrs. Wilson's brother) con- tiuued as secretary, treasurer and business manager. On the first of March, 1830, the company leased the newspaper establishment to Andrew Siiuman and John It. Wilaon, a nephew of the late proprietor. This part- nership was continued until January 1, 1883, at which time John R. Wilson obtained control of a majority of the stock, the officers then being Andrew Shuinau, president ; W. K. Sullivan, secretary, and John R. Wilson, treas- urer. On Gov. Shuman's death in May, 1890, W. K. Sullivan was elected president and John R.Wilson secretary and treasurer. This is a brief history of the oldest daily newspaper published in Chicago. Its pages are a retlox of the eventful years of its publication. Its columns are chronicles of Chicago's progress from a small frontier village to a great and progressive city. Fortunately nearly all the bound volumes of the old Amer- ican, Express and Journal were saved from the tire of 1871, and some of the most interesting and valuable historical data and relics of the city are con- GUIDE TO CHICAGO. tained within their covers. Among those now more or less famous, locally or generally, who have at one time or another been connected with the Journal as writers, are Benjamin P.Taylor, the poet and lecturer; George P. Upton, now of the Tribune's corps of writers; J. C. K. Forest, subsequently of " Long John " Wentworth's Democrat, but now of the News; Andre Matteson, Horace White, of the New York Evening Post; Henry M. Smith, subsequently city editor of the Tribune; J. H. McVicker, of McVicker's theatre; Prof. Nathan Shepard.a popular lecturer; Paul Selby, editor of the Illinois State Journal, at Springfield, III.; Prof. J. W. Larrimore, late principal of the Cook county normal school, and now assistant principal of one of our city public schools; Dr. Frank W. Reilly: W. K. Sullivan, late president of the Chicago board of education; Chas. H. Wignall, deceased; John C. Miller, F. F. Browne, and many others. Freie Presse. Location of publication office, and 94 Fifth ave. Richard Michaelis, editor. The Freie Presse was established in 1871 by Richard Michaelis, its present editor, and has gained during the last two years 8,823 daily subscribers. In politics it is independent republican, and has been so since its existence. Its columns teem with the latest and best local and tele- graphic news from all parts of the world, and one of the features especially interesting to the Germans is the large amount of choice and select items of news from all parts of Germany. By virtue of its large circulation.it has become a valuable advertising medium. In addition to daily editions, it also publishes a newsy and interesting weekly edition, and also a Sunday edition, under the name of Daheim, an excellent German Sunday newspaper. It is equipped with a large staff of competent editors and reporters. It claims the largest morning circulations of all German dailies west of New York City. Ooodall's Daily Sun. A. daily newspaper published at the Union Stock Yards, and devoted to news of special interest to dealers in live stock. Har- vey L. Goodall, publisher and proprietor. Herald. Location of publication office the Herald building, 154, 156 and 158 Washington street, near La Salle street. JameB W. Scott, publisher. A morning independent, democratic newspaper, published every day in the week. Founded in the spring of 1881, by a stock company, of which James- W. Scott was the head. In its earlier years it was an exponent of the idea that a small newspaper containing all of the news in condensed form was best adapted for public convenience and taste, but its greatest success has been achieved since it entered the rield occupied by the older journals and vied with them in the magnitude of its daily editions and in the elaborate presentation of news of every description. In 1883, John It. Walsh purchased and still retains a con- trolling interest in the Herald, which is now the most extensively circulated morning paper in the West, with an advertising patronage that is second to none. The Herald has erected a magnificent building for its exclusive use and has supplied it with everything in the way of machinery and other appliances that go to make a first-class newspaper plant. It is printed on ten perfecting presses of the best pattern, having a capacity of more than 100,000 copies an hour. Its news service is remarkably comprehensive and complete. In addition to a large local staff, it has correspondents in every county seat throughout the Northwest, and in every city of importance in the entire country. It also maintains branch offices in New York, Washington THE ENCYCLOPEDIA. 423 Milwaukee and Springfield. The Herald was the first Chicago newspaper to use illustrations extensively. It now employs several artists and maintains its own engraving plant, where all of its cuts are manufactured by the zinc- etching process. In politics, while the Herald has not been bound to party, it has been a consistent supporter of the National Democratic organization, iuits demand for the reformation and reduction of the protective tariff. The executive staff of the Herald is as follows: Publisher, James W. Scott; man- aging editor, H. W. Seymour; night editor, Charles G. Seymour; city editor, S. P. Browne; business manager, S. G. Sea. - NEW BUILDING OF CHICAGO HERALD. There is probably not another building devoted to the publication of a newspaper in the world equalling it in magnificence, and certainly there is none other in which so much attention has been given to completeness of detail. On entering the imposing count- ing room, the visitor will at once notice the fine Italian stone mosaic with which the floor is hand inlaid, the counter of black Belgian marble, surmounted with black iron, wrought in graceful designs, and the sixteen columns of genuine Sienna marble; also the Italian marble wainscoting. They will also be interested in the working of the automatic tubes, which convey advertising matter to the composing room and news matterto the edilorial floor. Passing four long distance telephones, entrance is had to the visitor's gallery, over- looking ten Titanic presses. Next in point of interest is the composing room, to which the visitor ascends in either of the two great elevators, framed in handwrought iron, and which travel up a shaft walled from top to bottom with the finest Italian marble. The walls of the composing room are white enameled, and it is finished throughout in marble, iron and oak. Even the type stands are of iron, with the Monogram of Ihe Herald wrought in gold in each, and there are cases for 180 men on straight composition, to say nothing of those employed on advertising copy. Electric calls at each case connect with the copy-box, in the front of which is a perforated peg rack where are assorted slugs, numbered on both sides for every compositor, and by which the coppy cutter tells at a glance what and how many men are working on "time" copy. An ariel railway takes advertising copy from the copy-box to the "Ad" department, and the proof from thence to the proof-readers. Elec- tric call speaking tubes connect the principal departments of the building. The foreman's office is on an elevated platform, from which he can survey his entire force. Every compositor has a clothes locker, and the marble closets are unsurpassed in elegance by those of any hotel. Filtered ice water, with a solid silver, gold-lined drinking cup, a restaurant finished in marble and oak, and provided with reading tables and library, are other provisions for the compositors. Four hundred electric lights illuminate this department, ad- joining which is the stereotyping room with its two-ton metal pot, improved mailing machine, matrix drying and matrix trimming machines. A Turkish bath and marble walled toilet room is one of the luxuries afforded to the workers in this room. The editorial floors occupy the fourth and fifth floors. An [electric call on the desk of each reporter connects with the city editor's desk, and electric call speaking tube connections communicate with the principals throughout the building. The editorial rooms cluster around a commodious library, and in the telegraph room specially designed desks enclose typewriters and instru- ments for twelve operators. The art department contains a photo-engraving plant, complete in every detail, and run by electric motors. The apartments 424 GUIDE TO CHICAGO. of the publisher of The Herald are probably the most luxurious offices in the world. Telegraphic instruments of sterling silver, for his especial use, con- nect with all the wires operated by the United Press, as well as those used by The Herald; the electric call speaking tubes are of silver, as also are the electric light fittings. The timbered ceilings, the seven foot wainscoting, and all the furnishings of the room are of solid mahogany, and the walls above the wainscoting are encrusted with matrices of The Herald. In the ante-room is a long distance, portable desk telephone, which is the most complete instrument of its kind ever made. As a souvenir each visitor to The Herald Building receives a photograv- ure of the mediaeval Herald, which, cast in bronze, ornaments the facade of the building. This Statue alone cost several thousand dollars, and three large bas- reliefs, illustrating the progress of printing, add still further to the striking architecture of the building, which is so conspicuous a landmark of Wash- ington street. The building-has been erected for the newspaper business, and not for tenants; it embodies the result of eleven years of popularity with the great newspaper reading public of Chicago and the Northwest. Illinois Staats Zeitung. Location of publication office, northeast corner of Washington st. and Fifth ave. Pounded in the spring of 1848. A daily morning newspaper, printed in the German language. The Staats Zeitung Company, proprietors. William Rapp, editor; Washington Hesing. man- aging editor The founder of the Illinois Staats Zeitung was Robert Hoeff- gen, who invested in the enterprise $200. Mr. Hoeffgen was assisted by an apprentice who received seventy-five cents per week. In those days it was incumbent upon the proprietor of a newspaper, not only to direct the general management, but to do nearly, if not all, the work. At first the newspaper appeared as a weekly. The editor and proprietor collected advertisements and solicited subscriptions, set his own type, ran his own presses, and, having completed his paper indoors, started out on the street with his entire edition under his arm and distributed the same to his subscribers In the fall of 1848. Dr. Hellmuth then being the editor, the Illinois Staats Zeitung was the only German newspaper in the United States to discover in the Buffalo plat- form the principles upon which afterward was founded the Republican party. The County of Cook gave Van Buren a majority of 1,200, no little credit of which was due to the Illinois Staats Zeitung for its stanch and unswerving advocacy of the principles laid down in that campaign. After the presidential election Arnold Voss was the editor. He was succeeded in 1849 by Herman Krietre, and in 1850 Dr. Hellmuth again assumed the edi- torial management. Under his charge the paper appeared twice a week until 1851, when George Schneider became connected with the paper, and changed it into a daily, with 70 subscribers, its weekly list being ouly a little over 200. In 1853 the circulation of the Illinois Staats Zeitung increased to over 500, which necessitated the employment of three carriers. In 1854 the number of subscribers had increased to 800. George Hill Gaertner was at this' time associated with George Schneider. As the Illinois Staats Zcitunrj was the first German newspaper to discover the cardinal principles of the Republican party in the Buffalo platform, so it was the first to oppose the Nebraska bill and to begin the determined opposition to Douglas. It was mainly instrumental in leading the Germans into the Republican party, and in 1856 was using its utmost endeavors in behalf of Fremont. In that ever memorable campaign between, Lincoln , and Douglas in .1858, .no parser did THE ENCYCLOPEDIA. 425 more for the success of Mr. Lincoln than did the Illinois Staats Zeitung From this time on began to develop the influence of the Illinois Staats Zeitung, which has been ever felt in the Common Council, the Legislature, but especially in political campaigns in Cook County, for more than once has it been opposed by the entire Anglo-American press, but yet has carried the day. In 1861 William Rapp became the editor of the Illinois Staats Ztitung. In the same year Mr. Lorenz Brentauo bought out Mr. Hoeffgen's interest and assumed the editorial management. In the fall of that year Mr. George Schneider sold his interest to Mr. A. C. Hesing. Messrs. Brentano and Hesing -were associated together until 1867, when Mr. A. C. Hesing purchased Mr. Brentano's interest. In this year Mr. Herman Raster assumed the editorial man- agement, which position he filled until his death in July, 1890. The gieat fire of 1871 claimed the Illinois St/tat* Zeitung as one of its victims. Its loss was total, yet it was among the first of the Chicago dailies to appear, and that too within forty-eight hours after the fire had ceased. Preparations were soon made for permanent quarters. On the 10th of March, 1873, its present mag- nificent structure was completed and occupied. The cost of the same, with machinery, presses, etc., amounted to nearly $300,000. The Illinois Slants Zeitung of to day is among the German newspapers, second only to the New York Stoats Zeitung in wealth and circulation, while in ability, in power and in influence it is not equaled, much less surpassed, by any German news- paper of the United States. The combined circulation of the editions of the Illinois Staats Zeitung amount to over 97,000, being larger than that of any German newspaper published west of the Alleghany mountains. Inter Ocean, The. Location of publication office, northwest corner of Madison and Dearborn streets. The Inter-Ocean Company, proprietors. Wil- liam Pena Nixon, editor. H. H. Kohlsaat, publisher, "in 1861 the late James W. Shehan founded the Morning Post. In 1865 the Post franchise was purchased by the Republican Company, at Ihe head of which was Charles A. Dana, at present editor of the New York Sun. Previous to the great fire of 1871 the Republican was conducted by Joseph B. McCul- lagh, at present editor of the St. Louis Globe- Democrat. After the great fire of 1871 there was little left of the Republican except, its franchise, which was purchased by the late J. Young Scammon, then a banker, and one of the leading citizens of Chicago; who, on March 25, 1872, founded the Inter-Ocean. The republicanism of the initial number of the Inter Ocean was of the most stalwart order, the proprietor indicating the spirit of the paper in the crisp declaration. " Independent in nothing; republicanin everything." Mr. Scammon went into the enterprise with characteristic zeal and energy, and calling to his assistance a number of practical and experienced men, soon made the Inter Ocean a political power, not only in the city and State, but throughout the Northwest. Its radical republicanism and devo- tion to the party it professed to represent were made so manifest during the presidential campaign of 1872, that it at once secured an influence in the party not equaled by many journals of long standing. The erratic course of other journals claiming to be republican also contributed much to the success of the new venture, and the circulation of the paper increased rapidly Mr. Scam- mon continued to be the sole proprietor of the Inter Ocean until the spring of 1873, when Frank W. Palmer, of Des Moiues, Iowa, bought a large interest and became editor-in-chief. Under his management the paper prospered 426 GUIDE TO CHICAGO. until the panic of 1873 prostrated the affairs of the country and caused the flnan cial embarrassment of Mr. Scammon, the principal proprietor. In the fall of 1875 the corporation, under pressure of a large indebtedness, was compelled to sell the paper to a new organization. The transfer brought the Inter Ocean under the control of William Penn Nixon, who had been for some years the business manager. Notwithstanding the great depression of the times, the paper was put on a firm footing by the infusion of new capital, the intro- duction of new machinery, and entered upon a new era of prosperity . Through all its vicissitudes the Inter Ocean maintained its political integrity. The weekly Inter Ocean has a circulation varying from 90,000 to 140, 000 copies. Postage on the Inter Ocean for the year 1890 was $13,379.77. The Inter Ocean is printed on perfecting presses of the Scott & Bullock patterns and was the first paper in the country to perfect and use a folder, machinery for cutting and folding and pasting. Until May 1, 1880, the Inter Ocean was published at 119 Lake street. The establishment was then moved to more commodious and convenient quarters at 85 Madison street. In 1890 the Inter Ocean moved into its present handsome structure. The new building is arranged to meet the requirements of every department of a great metro- politan paper. List>/. A Bohemian daily newspaper, founded in 1883, and published at 362 W. Eighteenth st. Post. Publication office, 164 and 166 Washington st. The Chicago Evening Post Company proprietors. James W. Scott, president; C. Mc- Auliff, managing editor; A. F. Portman, business manager. The Evening Post issued its first number on Tuesday, April 29, 1890, from temporary quarters at 128 and 130 Fifth avenue. It came into the world a complete newspaper of eight pages, and at once assumed a place and clientage of its own. In January, 1891, it moved into its entirely new and commodious quarters, The Evening Post building, 164 and 166 Washington st., a hand- some, modern structure, especially constructed by and for the Evening Post. The building has a frontage of 40 feet on Washington street, and extends 175 feet back to Calhoun Place, having light on three sides and from a roomy court. The counting room and publication office occupy the ground floor, and the editorial rooms the upper floors. In the basement are six Scott presses each with a capacity of 15,000 an hour. Each department is equipped with the most modern devices for speed, accuracy and convenience. The Evening Post is independent in politics as in all other things. It is pre- eminently a newspaper. Direct wires connect its office with Washington, New York, Springfield and other news centers, and carry day by day a larger telegraph service than was ever before attempted by an afternoon paper. The Evening Post is especially, aside from its news features, noted for the fullness and accuracy of its commercial and financial reports, its intelligence, of society and women, its art, musical and theatrical features, its sporting intelli- gence and for its wealth of literary and miscellaneous matter. Its numerous illustrations are easi ly among the best printed in the daily papers of the world. They find a handsome setting in the typographical beauties of the paper's well printed pages. In spite of a continually increasing pressure up'on its columns by advertisers, the Evening Post has refused to exceed its limit of eight pages. In that space it finds room to give a daily summary of the affairs of the world, in form at once complete and readable. The apprecia- THE ENCYCLOPEDIA. 427 tion of Chicago people for such service is attested by the growing circulation of the Evening Post, which, within a year of its birth, exceeded that of any other paper in Chicago, with the possible exception of two, and which has been rapidly increasing ever since. Skandinaven, The. Location of publication office, the Skandinaven Building, 183, 185 and 187 N. Peoria street, West Side. Take Milwaukee avenue cable line, or Indiana street horse car to Peoria. John Anderson company, publishers. John Anderson, president; Franklin S Anderson, secretary; L. J. Lee, treasurer. Franklin 8. Anderson, Business manager; Peler Hendrickson, A. M.,.Ph. D., editor in chief. Founded in 1866 by John Anderson and Knud Langland; present issues: Daily Skandinaven, four to ten pages; Sunday Skandinaven, eight to twelve pages; Weekly Scandinaven, twelve to sixteen pages; Bi-Weekly Skandinaven (European Edition) no adver- tisements, ten columns quarto; monthly, the Hu sbibliothtk ( " Home Library^) a high class literary and family periodical; forty-two pages. The Skandinaven was at its birth a four-page weekly paper. It remained a weekly till after the great fire of 1871, when a daily issue was commenced, which has been con- tinued without interruption to the present time. Its earliest editor, Mr. Knud Langland (now deceased), was one of the ablest Skandinavian journalists of his times and did much towards popularizing the paper and extending its influ- ence and usefulness. He, however, remained a partner of Mr. Anderson but a short time, and the work of building up the property and placing it upon the solid basis which it occupies to-day 'devolved entirely upon the latter. The Scandinaven passed through all the trials and troubles incident to the estab- lishment of a newspaper, but, though in a small way at the beginning, made steady gains, and early in live seventies began to command credit, respect and circulation. To-day it has a' larger circulation than any other paper printed in the Scandinavian language in this country. Mr. Anderson, the head of the establishment, was brought to Chicago by his parents in 1845. Learn- ing the printing business he became connected with the Chicago Tribune and set type for that paper when it was a very small and humble sheet. He is, therefore, a practical newspaper man, and his knowledge of the art of printing extended at an early age beyond the newspaper composing room. The result of this has been the building up of a job printing establishment in connection with the Scandinaven which in many ways ranks above some of the most pretentious in the country. The Scandinaven job department, for instance, will accept English copy and turn it out in Scandinavian (which means Norwegian, Danish or Swedish), German, French, Spanish, Italian. Bohemian or Polish type. All matter is translated (except, perhaps, high class books) in its composing room. The work thus produced includes commercial pamphlets, catalogues, circulars, etc. From this department, 'also, is issued in Norwegian a large number of original works and reprints. The John Anderson Company publishes about twenty- five new books annually. Popular American and foreign works are either translated entire or adapted for Scandinavian readers. In addition to this, the house is the largest importer of Skandinavian books in the United States . The bindeiy is in itself one of the most important depaitments, and very hand- some editions are produced in paper, cloth and more expensive covers. The practical knowledge of Mr. Anderson has been felt in the press room as well. The entire basement of the building (with the exception of a portion given over to the storage of paper, which the firm purchases in large quantities, being one of the heaviest consumers in the city, is occupied with machinery 428 GUIDE TO CHICAGO. of the latest pattern and most modern devices. The facilities of the con- cern for turning out large jobs are not inferior to any in the city. Mr. Ander- son's ideas have naturally made themselves felt upon the editorial course of the Skandinaven and its allied publication. He was an Abolitionist and Free Soiler in his young manhood, and when it was a crime to oppose the slave element. He has always been a staunch republican. He believes in clean journalism and clean politics, and the moral tone of the Skandinaven has always been maintained at the highest. There are inthe northwest to-day fully 1,250,000 ISkandinavians. Asa rule the}' are an educated, thrifty, economical and progressive people. While many cling to the cities, and occupy positions of honor among the commercial classes in Chicago, St. Paul, Minneapolis and other centers, the great majority have agricultural tastes, and some of the finest farms in the northwest are owned and operated by them. To these people the daily or weekly editions of the 8/candinaven bring the news. From the Skandinaven they obtain the drift of cunent opinion, while it keeps them acquainted with the world's doings in every department of human activity. The Huslribliothek monthly brings them literary contributions , and discusses matters of interest to the house- holder, the farmer, the housewife and the young people. Naturally they go to the Skandinavian printing house also for the more permanent character of reading matter, and hence the large book trade of the company. People who want to talk to the Skandinavians of the great Northwest, talk to them through one or the other of the editions of the Skandinaven, and the advertis- ing patronage enjoyed by the company is very extensive and profitable. Prof. Peter Hendrickson, the editor-in-chief, who, with five assistants, con- ducts the literary, news and general departments of these publications, was for sixteen years an honored member of the faculty of Beloit college, and retired from that position to assume his present responsible duties. He is not only a ripe, but a versatile scholar, and his pen commands the English, Scandinavian, German and French languages with equal facility. His work has given tone to the pages of the Skandinaven. He is a tireless worker. No English journalist can conceive the daily task which confronts the editor of a great Skandinavian newspaper in this country. Everything must be translated that is not originally written in Norwegian. Everything must be condensidison university and commenced as an apprentice in the establishment, going thiough all the departments, and attaining a proficiency in the business. The Skandinaven building (see illustration) is a structure 60x118, 3 stories and basement, of modern design and substantial construction. Times. Location of publication office, northwest corner of Washington st. and Fifth ave. The Chicago Times Company, proprietors. Founded in 1854 as a democratic party paper more especially as a personal and political organ of Senator Douglas. It was continued with varied fortunes and by different owners as a democratic paper, representing the different factions of the party, until 1861, when it was purchased by Wilbur F. Storey. During the whole period of its existence, until this purchase, it probably had never THE ENCYCLOPEDIA.. 42) been legitimately sustained for a single week, having relied upon party con- tributions for sustenance. Not having been in any true sense a newspaper, it had not acquired more than a meager circulation, and its advertising pat- ronage was of small account. When purchased by Mr. Storey it had been for some time conducted at a loss of hundreds of dollars per week, its last owner having been Mr. Cyrus H. McCor;nick, and it was not until the lapse of some months that Mr. Storey was enabled to bring it up to the condition of a remunerative newspaper. During Mr. Storey's management it became one of the leading independent democratic newspapers of the country. It bolted the democratic party in the famous Greeley campaign, and though leaning strongly to that party always, during Mr. Storey's lifetime, it occupied a position of independence which frequently embarrassed the democratic managers, National, State and local. In 1879 Wilbur F. Storey's health began to give away, and from that time until his death, in 1884, the newspaper which he had so ably managed sank gradually into a condition of mediocrity. Upon his death the properly was placed in the hands of a receiver, and for over three years, or until the winter of 1887, it lost heavily in circulation and business, the ownership of the property being involved in law-suits between the widow and heirs at law of Mr. Storey. On the 24th of December, 1887, the Chicago Times newspaper, appurtenances and building passed into the control of James J. West, who organized the Chicago Times Company, which ultimately became the proprietor and pub- lisher of the paper. Prom that time on new life was infused into the Times newspaper, and it began to assume something of its old time vigor. The price being reduced at first from five to three cents, and afterward to two cents, its circulation grew rapidly, and its advertising patronage increased. In the summer of 1889 litigation arose among the stockholders, which resulted in the sale of the paper, in September, 1891, to Mr. H. J. Huiscamp, who sold it the following October to " The Newspaper Company," a close corporation with Hon. Carter H. Harrison as general manager and editor. In his salutatory to the public the new editor pledged that " The Times would be a first-class newspaper, democratic in principles, but not a slave to party. That it would be no man's organ and would have no hobbies to ride and no axes to grind." The paper is now free from all former complications, owes no debts, has abundant financial backing, and bids fair to attain to its former prosperity. The force of Mr. Harrison's personality is evident in every edi- tion of the paper. The make-up has been greatly improved. It is 'plain that there is a better spirit in the office that at any time since Mr. James J. West was in control, and that men are at the heads of departments who understand the wants of the public and know something of the means employed to meet them. Mr. Harrison was four times elected Mayor of Chicago. He is a man of culture and of experience in the ways of life, home and abroad. Tribune. Location of publication office, southeast corner of Madison and Dearborn sts. The Chicago Tribune Company, proprietors. Joseph Medill, editor-in-chief. The Chicago Tribune is a daily newspaper, with every equip- ment necessary to the successful conduct of a great journal. It has the advantages of age and experience, and the means to present to the public the fullest and most reliable information of events transpiring in the world. Its building, erected after the great fire of 1871, on the site of the former structure, was planned and completed for the home of a great 430 GUIDE TO CHICAGO. newspaper. There is no facility lacking. Its presses, manufactured to order, combine the very latest improvements, and have the speed necessary to supply any demand that may arise. In every department where mechan- ics are important, the Tribune is unsurpassed. In its arrangements for the collection of news the Chicago Tribune acknowledges no superior in its pro- fession. Its correspondents, many of whom have a national reputation for their intimate knowledge of, and prominence in, political and social affairs, are under instruction to deliver to the Tribvne, up to the latest hour in every morning of the year, impartial and full reports of every event, regardless of expense. Its financial reports are relied upon by bankers, capitalists and opera- tors; its record of occurrences at home makes it a family daily; its political and literary features are among the ablest and most discriminating in the country. The history of a great newspaper, like the Chicago Tribune, is of interest, not only in its own country, but to the people of the world who will be in Chicago during the next few months, and to whom the Tribvne, through the editor of this work, extends a welcome invitation to make an inspection of its building and the operations necessary to the making up a complete record of the daily " map of life." The first number of the Chicago Tribune was issued on the tenth day of June, 1847, in the third story of a building on the corner of Lake and La Salle sts. One room was sufficient for its humble beginnings. Its founders were James Kelly, John E. Wheeler, Joseph K. C. Forrest and Thomas A. Stewart. The history of the paper from that time until 1854 is one of trials. The town of Chicago was in its swaddling clothes; people were poor; facilities for gathering news were few and oftentimes there were none at all. In 1854, two important events in the history of the Tribvne had occurred. One was the issuing of a fri-weeklv, the other the publication of Associated Press dispatches, which association the Tribune assisted in organ- izing, and of which it remains a member. Up to this time, several changes had taken place in the proprietary interests and management of the Tribune. It was about this time that Mr. Joseph Medill, now editor-in-chief and principal owner, came to Chicago from Cleve- land, O., and purchased an interest in the Tribune. In 1855 he became manag- ing editor and business manager and organized a staff. It was at this time that the Chicago Tribune commenced to assume the features of a metropolitan daily newspaper. The old press, previously operated by hand, was removed to make room for a steam-power press. From that day until the present, the standing question in the Tribune office has been, "How can we get more presses and faster to reach the daily increasing circulation?" In 1858 the Tribune absorbed the Democratic Prfss of this city and for a while the paper was issued as the Press and Tribune. In 1860 the name of the paper was restored, and in 1861, under an act of the legislature, the Tribune Company was incorporated with a capital of $200,000, the principal -stockholders being J. L. Scripps, William Bross, Charles H. Ray, Joseph Medill and Alfred Cowles. Mr. Medill became editor-in-chief in 1874, and has had the controlling interest since. It is under his administration that the paper has reached its present extraordinary success. In 1871 occurred the fire which forms one of the pages of the world's history. On the night of the 8th of October in that year, one-half of the Tribune had been printed. [This was before the present system of printing an entire paper at once was known.] The facts, incidents and other data of the fire had been written and sent to the composing room. THE ENCYCLOPEDIA. 431 But before the hour of going to press the flames had reached the Tribune buildings and driven out every occupant. It was soon in ruins, but two days later the Tribune reappeared. The greatness of the Tribune was thus shown in its resources. Its home was in ashes Monday night. On the following Wednesday it had reappeared. Mr. Medill procured a temporary building on Canal St., near Randolph, and the paper was issued from there Wednesday morning, with a very full account of the greatest tire in the history of conflagrations. In exactly one year from that date the Tribune had completed its present building and moved into it. It required something more than money to accomplish these wonders. This something the Tribune still retains and it is that which has caused the daily circulation to travel upward from 2,240 in 1855, to more than 90, 000 in 1891, and which has made it one of the greatest advertising mediums in the whole country. It is not necessary to enlarge upon the history of the Tribune. The project of the World's Columbian Exposition was in part one of the sugges- tions of its editor and to its completeness he has contributed most valuable service and counsel. NEWSPAPERS WEEKLY AND OTHER PUBLICATIONS. Among the weekly publications of Chicago there are many which rank with the best in the country. These, together with other publications of a general character, are mentioned below: Afloance. Published by the Advance Publishing Company, 15? and 155 La Salle street, is the representative of the Congregational denomination for the Interior aud West. Its first number was published in 1867. The Rev. W. W. Patton, D D., afterward president of Howard University, was its first editor, and the material interests were looked after by a syndicate composed of some prominent Congregational laymen of Chicago. This regime was succeeded a few years later by an editorial management con- . ducted by General Chas. H. Howard and Rev. DeWitt Talmage, of New York. The firm of C. H. Howard & Co. were the publishers. In 1882 the Advance Publishing Company was organized and Rev. Robert West was elected editor and business manager, which position he held until his death. Upon the death of Mr. West, the management was assumed by the present grovern>v.eut: Mr. II. S. Harrison, editor and manager; Rev. Dr. F. A. Noble, Rev. Dr. Simeon Gilbert and Rev. J. A. Adams, editorial staff. Dr. Noble has since been succeeded by president Chas. F. Thwing, of Western Reserve University. Banner of Gold, The. Published at 296 Dearborn street. A weekly paper of 16 pages, illustrated by the best artists, printed upon heavy super- calendared paper, with a handsomely ornamented cover in old gold. It is edited by Colonel N. A. Reed, Jr., aud Charles Eugene Banks, both old and well-known newspaper men. Among its leading contributors are Opie Read, Stanley Waterloo, John J. Flinn, Dr. Leslie E. Keeley, Martha Howe David- son, LeRoy Armstrong, John McGovern and other popular writers. While the Banner of Gold is the organ of the bi-chloride of gold clubs, and gives 432 UIDE TO CHICAGO. ranch space to their interests, it occupies a wide literary and artistic field. It takes a high moral stand upon all questions of public interest. It advocates all measures for uplifting humanity, and in every respect is a family news- paper of superior excellence. The subscription price is $2.00 per annum, in advance. Brainard's Musical World. Location of publication office, 145-147 Wab- &sh ave. The S. Brainard's Sous Company publishers. A valuable magazine for people of musical taste and culture and for professionals. Numbers among its contributors some of the best writers on musical subjects in the country. Subscription price, $1.50 per annum. Chicago Dramatic Journal. The Chicago Dramatic Journal is the suc- cessor of tiie Chicago Theatrical & Sporting Jourual, which was established by A.dams & Corbitt in June, 1882. The paper as originally printed was in newspaper form of six columns to the page, eight pages, and for five years had an average circulation of ten thousand copies per week. At this time the paper was incorporated under the tille of the F. B. Adams Publishing Company, with a capital stock of $10,000, the form and title of the pub- lication changed to that of The Sporting Journal, and in form made a quarto sheet of twelve pages, four columns to the page, printed on fine paper and richly embellished with engravings of prominent professional people. In this manner the paper was continued until February 2, 1891, when the pub- 1 cation and its good will was purchased by Hunt & Jenney, the paper increased in size to sixteen pages, and the name changed to that of the Chicago Dramatic & Sporting Journal. Hunt & Jenuey continued together in its publication for seven months, when Eugene Hunt purchased the interest of Mr. Jenney, becoming sole proprietor of the paper, and in his hands the word "Sporting" was eliminated from the title as well as from the matter and make-up. The work of reconstruction was thorough in every department, the desire being to make The Journal a representative, high- class dramatic publication. This has steadily increased in influence and circulation, and to day stands prominent among the publications of its class in America. It is handsomely printed, and is in every respect a model Dramatic sheet. It is centrally located and has pleasant, ccsy offices in the Chicago Opera House Block. Ghicayo Eagle, The. Established in 1889 as an independent political news- paper. It is devoted exclusively to politics, and is extensively read, not only in Chicago, but throughout Illinois and the Northwest. It has a regular weekly circulation of over 23,000, and has been a financial success from the start. Henry F. Donovan is the proprietor and editor. The Eagle enjoys an advertising patronage second to no weekly in Chicago. It is very popular with all people taking an interest in politics. Price (subscription), $2 per year. Citizen, The A. weekly newspaper devoted to American and Irish inter- ests, was established by Hon. John F. Finerty on Saturday, Jan. 14, 1882, an 1 has consequently entered on its eleventh year. In politics it is indepen- dent, and, although friendly to the Catholic idea, it is entirely a secular paper. It believes in the union of all races and creeds for the common good ; believes als > in a stalwart foreign policy for America : is a protectionist in principle, and an unswerving advocate of the independence of Ireland. It has a largo constituency throughout the Union and Canada, but particularly in the North- western States. [Engraved for The Standard Guide Company.] DEARBORN ST. THE "JOURNAL" AND STOCK EXCHANGE BUILDINGS [See " Newspapers" and "Exchanges."] THE ENCYCLOPEDIA. 433 Credit Company, The. Officers in the Ponliac Building. This company has achieved such marked aud deserved recognition throughout the United States and Canada, by reason of the efficient character of its publications, as to become of special interest to bankers, commercial houses, attorneys, or any one doing business through cocrespondents. Its annual bank directory, ' The Bankers and Attorney's Register," is generally recognized as a model of arrangement, compilation anel authenticity, not only bearing the indorsement of the United States treasury department, but also the stamp of patronage from every city, north, south, east and west. In addition to its adoption as a bank directory of the most recent and authentic compilations, it also lies upon the counters of business houses for ready reference in the issuance of drafts or other correspondence with banks, or for tbe purpose of claims, giv- ing a system of guaranteed collections, embracing carelully selected attorneys in every cityand town. The Banker'sand Attorney's Register is supplemented by the Credit Review, a monthly review of the financial and business world, an epitome of the experience and opinions of leaders in finance, commerce, and trade generally. The circulation of there publications is not confined to any one section, but is as general as is the distribution of trade and commerce throughout the United States and Canada. When one considers the ever-changing condition of banks, their officers, capitalization and profits, their organization in both new and old territory, some approximate idea may be had of the enormous mails, correspondence and reports necessary for the successful and accurate compilation of these works, to date of each issue. Not to speak of the machinery of publication, aud afterward of the selection and equipment of reliable agents wLo shall distribute, renewing with regular patronage, and introducing with new throughout the land. Economist The. Location of publication office, 59 Dearborn street. Clinton B. Evans, editor. A weekly financial, commercial and real estate newspaper, with intermediate issues whenever any great event in its field demands. It is the only newspaper in Chicago making a specialty of the money aud security markets, grain and provisions and real estate, and has had an exceptionally successful career. It is the authority on the subjects of which it treats, and has a large circulation in Chicago and elsewhere. The bankers, brokers, capitalists, real estate owners and dealers, intelligent mer- chants and students of finance in Chicago are, almost without exception, among its readers, and it has a good and rapidly growing circulation at other points in this country, as well as in London, England, whose financiers look to it for a considerable part of their information on such American business affairs as they are interested in. The Economist, employing recognized experts for its various classes of work, and spending money freely, is pretty sure to get the best there is in the line of news and comment. The financial and commercial interests of Chicago are growing so rapidly that an abundance of capital and enterprise are required to keep a newspaper abreast of the times. The Economist Publishing Company, which owns the Economist, seems to possess both of these requisites ip abundance. The Economist publishes weekly a leading article entitled " The Business Situation," which sets forth the condition of business affairs the world over; a full descriptive and statistical department under the head of " Grain and Provisions;" an instructive page or more on " Money and Securities in Chi- cago;" a review of the New York stock market; and an elaborate presentation of 434 GUIDE TO CHICAGO. the real estate news of Chicago and vicinity, often taking up ten pages or more. A Life Insurance department is one of the more recent features. It is under th& supervision of one of the ablest writers on that subject in the United States. In addition, there are articles each week on important eco- nomic subjects written by the most capable experts. The Economist, although started as recently, as October, 1888, has reached a very high position among American publications. Farmers Review, The. Publication . office, suite 1102 and 1103 Owings building; Messrs. Haunibal H. Chandlar & Co., propiielors, established in 1878. It is published every Wednesday, and presents to its readers a large amount of practical information in the smallest possible space. Its market reports are full; its departments of agriculture, horticulture, stock, dairy, poultry and apiary, contain articles of a practieal nature from the best writers, while the household department will be found full of original and selected matter, interesting to adults and instructive to the young. It has full reports of all fairs, stock shows, conventions, etc., and has a regular organ- ized corps of crop correspondents. The editorial department is under the charge of Mr. A. S. Alexander, a gentleman of long practical acquaintance with the needs and requirements of farmers, and a clever and forcible writer. Figaro. Publication office, Pontiac building, 358 Dearborn street; a society and literary paper, which has attained great popularity, aiid a large circulation among the elite of the city. Mr. Harold Wynne, a young writer of considerable distinction in his profession, is the editor. W. G. F. Dailey is the proprietor. Exposition Graphic, The. A quarterly edition of the weekly Graphic devoted to the World's Columbian Exposition. Fifty-six pages. Printed in Luglish, German, French and Spanish. The Exposition Graphic is conducted upon a broad and comprehensive knowledge of the benefits and material advantages to accrue to the United States and to the nations of the world from the great international peace congress; and its efforts in exploiting the magnificence of the enterprise abroad and at home is doing much to increase the interest in the great undertaking. Thenumbersof the Exposition Graphic will undoubtedly form the most complete and admirable history of the incep- tion, progress and unparalleled success of the Columbian Exposition that will be printed, its artistic excellence surpassing anything before seen in America. The Graphic Company, publishers. Offices Dearborn and Harri- son streets, Chicago. Furniture. Among the many trade journals that have done so much towards making Chicago world famous as a city of manufactures and trade, few, if any, have risen more rapidly than Furniture, published by Furni- ture Company, C. M. White and G. W. Harvey, publishers and proprietors. The publication offices are at rooms 1010 and 1011 Pontiac building. Sub- scription price $2 a 3 7 ear. This journal was started in a small job office on the West Side, in March, 1889. The publishers had little capital, but being practical printers and journalists of several years' experience, they had unbounded faith in Chicago, present nnd future, and their labors were rewarded with success from the start. Furniture is read in every Stnte in the Union; is bright, clean, handsomely illustrated, and contains an average of about sixty-eight pages of advertisements, illustrations and reading mat- ter. C. M- White, editor; Geo. W. Harvey, business manager. THE ENCYCLOPEDIA. 435 German American Miller, The. This is the only German-American repre- sentative of the trade named published in this country. It was founded in 1877, and for ten years thereafter was printed entirely in the German language. The paper presents the milling news from both Germany and America, and reaches the German milling trade in all parts of Europe and North and South America. At present it appears with parallel columns, German and English, which latter feature has proven very successful. Eugene A. Sitlig & Son, proprietors; publication office, Lake and Clark sts. Graphic, Ilie. An illustrated weekly newspaper. Twenty-four pages. The only illustrated weekly in the West maintaining the highest standard of literary aud artistic excellence, and the only one in Chicago having a national circulation and influence. The Graphic, was the first illustrated weekly news- paper to receive cordial support from the citizens of Chicago aud to be recognized throughout the West as an exponent of illustrated journalism second to no other publication of its class in the country. Chicago is realiz- ing its destiny of becoming the art and literary center of America, and the Graphic is an admirable indication of the remarkable progress being made in this direction. The growth of this enterprising journal, in circulation, has been of the most gratifying nature, and though the youngest of the great illustrated weeklies it must at an early day receive universal recognition as the foremost periodical of the country. The ablest writers and most skillful artists contribute to its pages. G. P. Engelhard, editor and general manager. The Graphic Company publishers. Issued every Saturday. Offices, Dear- born and Harrison streets, Chicago. Inland Architect and News Record, now in its tenth year of continuous pub- lication, has acquired a national reputation forks illustrations aud technical articles. In addition, its pages are a complete record of the proceedings of the numerous architectural organizations of the country. It easily ranks among the handsomest technical publications of America, and has a national circulation. The Inland Architect is a beautiful publication, and contains matter and engravings which most interest laymen as well as architects and builders. Publication office, Tribune Building. Inland Printer, The. The leading trade journal of the world in the print- ing art, now located in its new home at 212 aud 214 Monroe street, is the recog- nized standard authority on all matters pertaining to the graphic arts. Niue years ago it began as a twenty-four page paper, and year by year it has steadily increased in size, beauty and interest until at present it appears each month with from 100 to 124 pages an art magazine of wide circulation and influence. Under the management of its founder, Mr. Henry O. Shepard.'progression has to a marked degree been exemplified in the conduct of this journal. Twice the office of publication has been moved, and on January 1, 1892, a third change was made to its present fine offices at 212-214 Monroe street. Nothing is spared to make ihe Inland Printer a model of its class, and the effort is admirably successful. Interior, The. One of the oldest of the religious weeklies of Chicago, and one of the best. Founded in 1868. If it has any unique position in Western journalism it may be denominated as that of the leading religious weekly of Chicago and the West. It certainly is that from the standpoint of circula- tion and influence. Its proprietors are the estate of the late Cyrus Hall McCormick and W. C. Gray, Ph. D., the latter being senior editor. Publica- tion office 69 Dearborn street. 436 GUIDE TO CHICAGO. Iron Age, The. Published weekly in New York, maintain an important branch office at 59 Dearborn street, Chicago. Business manager J K Hanes. Western associate editor, Geo. W. Cope. The Metal Worker is issued under the same management. Legal Adviser, The. Founded A. D. 1861, by the late Hon. E. M. Haines. In 1867, it was chartered as a corporation, by special act, approved March 1 of that year, the charter declaring this weekly paper " the proper medium for the publication of all legal notices required to be published in the County of Cook. The paper was under the editorial direction of Mr. Haines until his death in April, 1889, when it passed under the control of F. C. Haines who is now president of the company. The Legal Adviser is the oldest law periodical m the republic, excepting one (The Legal Intelligencer of Philadelphia) The monthly edition is especially devoted to information on affairs of local self- government, and has a very wide circulation throughout Illinois, Iowa Wis- consin, Michigan, and generally where township organization prevails. Andre Matteaon editon Lumber Jrade Journal. Established as a 16-page quarto In 1881 by 8 D Morgan, then secretary of the Retail Lumber Dealers' Association of Illinois' as the organ of that association; was purchased in 1887 by an incorporated company with a capital of $12,000, of which George W. Hotchkiss, for many years secretary of the Lumberman's Exchange of Chicago, a veteran lumber- man of forty years' experience, and the acknowledged lumber statistician of the Northwest was president and took editorial charge, while Walter C. Wright, who had several years previously succeeded Mr. Morgan as secretary of the Retail Dealers' Association assumed the business management. By the untiring efforts of these gentlemen the Lumber Trade Journal has entered the front rank of class journalism, and from a 16-page issue has increased to 66 pages, with a circulation of 5,000, and has become the recognized authority in all branches of the lumber traffic of the nation. National Builder, The. Now in its fourteenth volume is a monthly pub- lication, devoted to building and kindred interests. Edited by Geo. O. Gam- sey, architect. Each issue contains one or more complete sets of plans of dwellings, business or public buildings with color plates and detail drawings. An excellent advertising medium for all dealers in building materials. Sub- scription price $8.00 per year prepaid. Nederlander, De. Founded in 1882. H. A. Masman, publisher and edi- tor, office 493 Center avenue. Is the only Holland weekly in the State of Illinois. Iris published every Friday. It is Republican in politics. Norden. A weekly republican newspaper in the Norwegian language, was established nineteen years ago by Mr. I.T. Relling. During the first ten years Mr. H. Hande was managing editor. When he resigned the position, the paper had a circulation of 10,000, scattered all through the Northwest. Mr. Hande was succeeded as editor by Prof. Th. Bothne, who had charge for two years, when Mr. Hande resumed the editorship and continued it untilhis death in 1887. He was succeeded by the present editor, Mr. P. O. Stromme. In the summer of 1888 Mr. Stromme changed the policy of the paper.making it Dem- ocratic. As a consequence many of the old subscribers dropped off, but they were quickly replaced by new ones. In the fall of '89 a daily edition was established under the name Dagbladct. This was issued every afternoon until in July, 1891, when it was discontinued. In August, 1890, Mr. Relling sold Nor- den and the daily edition Dagbladet to Norden Publishing Co., Mr. Relling THE ENCYCLOPEDIA. 437 ontinuing as manager until his death in February, 1891. Norden is now pub- iehed by the company, whose president is Mr. Paul O. Stensland, the banker. Mr. P. O. Stromme is still managing editor. The paper is eight pages of &evcn columns, is Democratic in politics and has a wide circulation, especially in Wisconsin and Minnesota. It also circulates in all the other states in which there are Norwegians, and in Norway, the Sandwich Islands and Iceland, and a few copies are sent to South Africa and Madagascar. Northwestern Christian Advocate. Provision was made for the publica- tion of the Northwestern Christian Advocate in Chicago, by the General Con- ference of the Methodist Episcopal Church in 1852. Issue was begun with January, 1853. Rev. J. V. Watson was the first editor and was succeeded by Rev. Thomas M. Eddy (1856-1868), J. M. Reid (1868-1872) and Rev. Arthur Edwards the present encumbent (1872 ). It is an official organ of the M. E. Church and has for its immediate patronizing territory Michigan, Iowa, Wisconsin, Minnesota, the Dakotas and part of Colorado, Nebraska and Indiana. Northwestern Lumberman, The: Established in 1873 by W. B. Judson, its present proprietor. It was first issued as the Michigan Lumberman at Muskegon, Mich., but removed to Chicago and the first number of the Noilh- wettein was issued here in February, 1874. It was changed to a weekly in 1876 and is now the largest journal of its class in the country. It is devoted entirely to the lumber trade and is particularly distinguished as a trade news paper. It contains from 20 to 24 pages of reading matter weekly, and nearly every issue is illustrated. It contains market reports from all important markets in the United States and Canada, and makes a feature of publishing annually tabulated statements of pine lumberand shingle production through- out the northwestern states. Subscription price $4 a year. Occident, The. Location of publication office, Lake and La Salle streets, (Marine building.) THE OCCIDENT was called into life by Julius Silver- smith and M. Hofmann in the year 1874, October 1st of that 3 ear. It is now in its twentieth volume and has attained a wide circulation in this country and abroad, and wherever English is spoken. It is an eight-page journal in the interest of the Jews, science, art and general news, etc., forty-eight col- umns, thirteens ems pica wide and twenty inches in length. It has always espoused republican principles. Its annual subscription price is $3. THE OCCIDENT is edited by some of the most eminent authors, and is the advocate for the most radical reforms in all religious creeds. It is published by the Occident Publishing Co., since its inception. Mr. Julius Silversmith, M. A., ie the editor in-chief and also manager. Orange Judd Farmer. Location of publication office, 358 Dearborn street. The St. Paul Farmer was started at St. Paul, Minn., in 1886. In the summer of 1888 it was purchased and moved to Chicago, re-named the Orange Judd Farmer, and has since been published here under that title by the Orange Judd Farmer Co., of which Orange Judd is president and treas- urer; George T. Judd, vioe-pns'dent, and James S. Judd, secretary. The pnper, is devoted to agriculture and the home, having different departments \viih special editors for all the different phases of farm and home life. It is it^rd weekly, 16 pages, size 11x16, subscription price is $1.00, and circula- tion 35,000 copies weekly. 438 GUIDE TO CHICAGO. x Prairie Farmer, The. Established at Chicago in 1841. Circulation 35,000. A journal for the farm, orchard and fireside. Edited by Jonathan Pei'iam. Issued weekly by The Prairie Farmer Publishing Company at 166- 168 Adams street, Rand-McNally Building. Presto, The. A weekly journal devoted to the interests of music in gen- eral, is published at its business office and composing rooms, in the Como Block, 323-325 Dearborn street. The chief editor and manager is Mr Frank Abbott, who is eminently fitted to successfully manage such a journal, hav- ing had an extended experience as a musician, dealer and writer. The Presto was originally started in Des Moines, Iowa, in 1884, but removed to Chicago in June, 1888, when it was a monthly paper; shortly after, it became semi- monthly, and in the spring of '91, again changed to a weekly paper. Visitors are always cordially welcomed at its offices, and a perusal of its columns will show that it is a bright, newsy journal, keeping apace with the times. Railway Age, j. he. The Railway Age is a consolidation of the Railway Age and Northwestern Railroader. The Railway Age was established in Chicairo in 1876, by Messrs. E. H. Talbott and H. R. Hobart. The Northwestern Rail- roader was established in Minneapolis in 1887 by H. P. Robinson, the place of its publication being transferred in 1888 to St. Paul, Minn. The respective papers remained in charge of the gentlemen named unil September, 1891, at which date the founder of the Northwestern Railroader purchased the Railway Age from Messrs. Talbott & Hobart and consolidated the two papers into the present publication, which is published at the Home Insurance building, No. 205 La Salle street, Chicago. The editors of the paper now are H. P. Robinson, H. R. Hobart and W. D. Crosman. The officers of the company are H. P. Robinson, president; H. R. Hobarl, vice-president; H. M. Wilson, seo/etary and treasurer. The paper is published weekly, on Fridays, the sub- scn^tion price being $ 4 a year. Sullivan's Law Directory. William B. Sullivan's Chicago Law Directory for 1891 contains the names of 2,454 attorneys, us against 2,220 in 1890. Dur- ing the year sixty-six left the city, thirteen out of practice, and twenty- seven died. About 261 new lawyers were admitted to the bar, making the toial now in practice 2,392. Universalist, The. Published at 69 Dearborn St., room 40 and 41, by the Western branch of the Universalist Publishing House, Boston, is one of the oldest religious newspapers in the city. It is a consolidation of the Star in the West, Cincinnati, established 1827. and the New Covenant, of Chicago, established in 1845 or 1846. The Universalist, under its present name, is in its eighth annual volume. It is the organ of the Church which it represents, siguiried in its name, for the interior and Western States. It is a large eight- page paper, and is published every Saturday, as above, at $2.50 per annum. Rev. J. S. Cantwell, DD., is the editor, assisted by regular contributors in the several States- Union Signal. The organ of the World's and National Woman's Chris- tian TempciMice Union is a weekly temperance and literary journal. The editorial corps consists of Miss Frances E. Willard, Lady Henry Somerset, Mary Allen West, Margaret A. Sudduth and Mrs. Harriet M. Kells. Sorm> of the ablest writers of the dav are among its contributors. It is published by the Woman's Temperance Publishing Association, 161 La Salle street; Mrs. F. H, Ras;all, business manager. fliE ENCYCLOPEDIA. 439 Saturday Evening Herald. 'Ike Saturday Evening Herald, the recog- nized organ of polite society, and authority upon all matters of a social nature, was founded in 1875 by George M. McConnel, Lyman B. Glover and John M. Dandy. In 18SO Messrs. Glover and Dandy purchased the interest of Major McConnel, and the firm was known as Glover & Dandy until 1884, when a stock company was formed, Judge E. R. Paige becoming a stock- holder. In 1886 John M. Dandy purchased the interest of Mr. Glover, assuming the editorial and business management of the paper. In the seventeen years of its existence the Saturday Evening Herald has gained a wide and influential circulation among the best families of this city and the towns tributary, and is to-day probably the most favorably known literary, dramatic, musical and society journal in the West. The publishers have aimed to provide for their constituency a clean, wholesome and readable paper, free from sensationalism and the offensive features peculiar to many so-called society journals, and the high esteem in which the Saturday Evening Herald is held to-day by the pub- lic and the press is the most conclusive evidence of its success in its chosen field. The offices of the Herald are located in the Grand Opera House, No. 89 Clark street. . OUTLYING CHICAGO. Both for the sake of convenience and in order to avoid confusion in their arrangement, the outlying communities of Chicago, whether they might be properly classed as districts of the city proper, as environs, suburbs, villages or independent towns, will be treated under this heading. It would be . impossible to separate or to classify them under separate headings without trying the patience of the reader, who above everything else is seeking ready information stripped of all unnecessary form. There must, however, be a few exceptions to this rule. Some of the annexed villages, towns and cities have been so closely identified with the city itself for years past, that it would be out of the question to speak of them as distinctive communities now. CITY AND ENVIRONS. For the benefit of the visitor it may be as well to state here that Chicago like London is in part "The City" and in part the districts, environs, suburbs, towns and cities which since its settlement have grown up around it, and which from time to time have become annexed. Like London, the parent community will probably always in the future be known as "The City, "while the annexed districts will continue to bear their distinctive names, as do Cheapside, Piccadilly, Whitechapel and other well known sections of the British Metropolis. Hyde Park will always be Hyde Park, Bridgeport will always be Bridgeport, Lake View will always be Lake View, and so on, notwithstanding the fact that as distinctive communities they have completely lost their title to consideration. Chicago is justly ptoud of her beautiful surroundings. She is the central diamond of a magnificent cluster. Whathas been lacking in natural scenery in the country about has been made up by the taste, the geniusand the industry of the people who have dotted the prairies with villas as charming as any that ever encircled the neck of a metropolis, ancient or modern. It must be inconceivable to the residents of the cities of Europe, and it will be one of the revelations which will come 440 GUIDE TO CHICAGO. upon those of them who shall visit us ' during the next two years that the citizens of Chicago, with all their love for the bustle and turmoil of metro- politan life, with their almostinsane predilection for clamor, their ill-concealed regard for smoke, their almost mad penchant for high buildings and crowded thorohugfares, should be at the same time subject to a perfect craving for the quiet of suburban homes away from all the noise, smells and jostlings which during the fleeting hours of the busy work-day they love so well. It is a par- adox. The beautiful boulevards and residence streets of the city afford muny thousands almost the repose of the. country, but only the very wealthy in these days are able to en joy the luxury of mansions and grounds within walk- ing distance of the business center. The great majority of the business and professional people of the city, who desire, first of all, homes of their own, find that the suburbs offer them advantages in this respect which could not be obtained in the city. It is a constant source of satisfaction to the sub- urban resident of moderate means that he can surround himself with com- forts denied the city resident of large means. With rapid and comfortable transit; with recent and almost marvelous improvements in their sewerage, water and illuminating systems; with educational facilities equal and in many respects superior to those which may be had in the city; with religious and social advantages of a character to satisfy the most exacting demands of a moral and refined people; the suburbs have grown at a most remarkable rate, both in number and in beauty. The stranger, bent upon carrying away an intelligent idea of Chicago and her surroundings, should not miss the oppor- tunity while here of visiting the suburbs and charming resorts in this vicinity. RAILWAY LINES AND DEPOTS. The facilities for transit afforded by the various railway lines centering in Chicago are complete and admirable. The following lines care for the suburban traffic: ATCHISON, TOPEKA & SANTA FE. Central depot Polk st. and Third ave. Take State st. cable line or Dearborn st. horse car line. BALTIMORE & OHIO. Central depot, Harrison st. and Fifth ave. Only a short walk from the business center. CHICAGO & ERIE. Central depot Polk st. and Third ave. Take State st. cable or Dearborn st. horse car line. CHICAGO & ALTON. Central depot Canal and Adams sts.. West Side. Take cars going west on Adams, Van Buren or Madison sts. Only a short walk from business center. CHICAGO & EASTERN ILLINOIS. Central depot Polk st. and Third ave. Take State st. cable or Dearborn Bt. horse car line. CHICAGO & GRAND TRUNK. Central depot Polk st. and Third ave. Take State st. cable or Dearborn st. horse car line. CHICAGO & NORTHERN PACIFIC. Central depot Fifth ave. and Harrison st. Take Van Buren st. cars going west from State or south from Madison sts., or Harrison st. line. f CHICAGO & NORTH-WESTERN. Central depot Wells and Kinzie streets. North Side. Take Dearborn, State or Wells street car going north. Only a short walk from business center. CHICAGO, BURLINGTON & QUFNCY. Central depot Canal and Adam streets, West Side. Take Adams, Van Buren or Madison street car going west. Only a short walk from business center. CHICAGO, MILWAUKEE & ST. PAUL. Central depot Canal and Adams streets. West Side. Take Adams, Van Buren or Madison street car going west. Only a short walk from business center. CHICAGO, ROCK ISLAND & PACIFIC. Central depot Van Buren and Sherman streets. Take cars on Clark street or Fifth avenue going south. Only a short walk from business center. a THE ENCYCLOPEDIA. 441 CHICAGO, ST. Louis & PITTSBCRG. Central depot Canal and Adams streets, West Side. Take Adams, Van Buren or Madison street car going west. Only a short walk from business center. CHICAGO, ST. PAUL & KANSAS CITY. Central depot Harrison street and Fifth avenue. Take Van Buren street cars going west from State or south from Madison street, or Harrison street line. CLEVELAND, CINCINNATI, CHICAGO & ST. Louis (" The Big 4"). Central depot foot of Lake street Only a short walk from business center. ILLINOIS CENTRAL. Central depot foot of Lake street. Only a short walk from business center. LAKE SHORE & MICHIGAN SOUTHERN. -Central depot Van Buren and Sherman streets. Take cars on Clark street or Fifth avenue going south. Only a short walk from business center. LOUISVILLE, NEW ALBANY & CHICAGO ("Monon Route"). Central depot Polk street and Third avenue. Take State street cable or Dearborn street car line. MICHIGAN CENTRAL. Central depot foot of Lake street. Only a short walk from business center. PITTSBURG, FORT WAYNE & CHICAGO. Central depot Canal and Adams streets. West Side. Take Adams, Van Buren or Madison street car going west. Only a short walk from business center. WA BASH. Central depot Polk street and Third avenue. Take State street cable or Dearborn street horse car line. A large number of new and very popular suburbs have been laid out and partially built up within the past year, the names of which do not as yet appear in the railroad time tables. These, together with all others, will be referred to in their alphabetical order in the following pages. NORTH AND SOUTH SHORES OP LAKE MICHIGAN. Locally, the country skirting Lake Michigan north of the city of Chicago is known as the " North Shore," and south of the city as the "South Shore." Thus, the term " North " or " South " shore of Lake Michigan is used in this guide with ref- erence to the location of suburbs, etc., in either direction, without reference to the geographical boundaries of that body of water in a larger sense. Alpine. Situated on the Wabash, St. Louis & Pacific railroad, 26 miles from the City Hall. Altenheim. Situated on the Chicago & Northern Pacific railroad, 10^ miles from the City Hall. Here is located the German Old Peoples' Home. [See German Old Peoples' Home.] Antioch. Located on the Chicago & Northern Pacific railroad, 54 miles from City Hall. Argyle Park. Situated on the Evanstpn division of the Chicago, Mil- waukee & St. Paul R. R., five and a half miles from the City Hall. The his- tory of Argyle Park dates back but a few years. W. C. Goudy owned the land upon which it stands, and to develop it he procured the construction of the railroad. Upon the completion of the road he conceived the idea of building an ideal suburban town. With this end in view he laid out the streets and avenues of generous proportions, platted the ground into lots 50x150 feet, built a depot, macadamized the streets, put in stone curbings and laid concrete sidewalks. To provide a water supply he had the town connected with the Lake View water system. For lighting purposes the town was con- nected with the gas works. The sanitary conditions of the town are perfect, there being a double system of sewerage, one to the north and one to the south. Building restrictions and all the little details that go to make the whole perfect have been attended to. A regular force of men is employed to 442 GUIDE TO CHICAGO. keep the streets in repair, to remove the garbage and to clean the snow from the "sidewalks in winter. The Sheridan drive has done wonders forthe town as well as for all the North Shore. Many of the residents of Argyle Park never use the steam cars as a means of transportation. A much more charm- ing mode of getting to and from their places of business is a drive of thirty minutes along the incomparable Sheridan road and through matchless Lincoln Park. Arlington Heights. Situated on the Wisconsin division of the Chicago & North- Western railway, twenty-two and a half miles from the City Hall. Auburn Park. Located on the Chicago, Rock Island & Pacific railroad, nine miles from the City Hall, and accessible by the Chicago & Eastern Illi- nois railroad. One of the most beautiful of the southern suburbs of Chicago. This charming place is bvit a few years old, and has already a population of nearly 4,000, composed almost wholly of the best class of business and pro- fessional people. The land it covers was formerly the property of Messrs. Geo. M. Pullman, Esq , and C. M. Henderson, Esq.. who purchased it for the purpose of building a perfect suburban town. Messrs. Eggleston, Mall- ette & Brownell, one of the largest and most responsible real estate firms in Chicago, secured the contract for putting in the improvements. No sooner had they begun work than they at once recognized the fact that the natural advantages of the location were bound to do wonders in establishing a town. They made overtures for the purchase of the land, and finally succeeded in obtaining possession of it. As soon as they obtained possession of the prop- erty they began improvements on a magnificent scale. Over half a million dollars were spent in this way before the property was offered for sale. The streets were all macadamized, stone sidewalks built throughout, and a double system of sewerage put in. Pipes were laid eight and ten feet below the ground and connected with the city system. Other pipes were laid for sur- face drainage. They were so constructed as to be automatically flushed, thus absolutely preventing an accumulation of sewer gas. Aurora. Situated on the Chicago, Burlington & Quincy railroad (three divisions), Chicago & Iowa, Chicago & North- Western, and Elgin, Joliet & Eastern railroads, 39 miles from the City Hall. This beautiful and pros- perous town is located on the Fox river. Here are to be found the extensive shops of the Chicago, Burlington & Quincy railroad, and many other import- ant industries. The town is laid out handsomely; it has numerous fine buildings, stores, hotels, railroad depots, opera house, public halls, churches, etc., and is, from a business and a social point of view, one of the most Inviting of Illinois towns. From a population of 11,873 in 1880, it grew to 19,634 in 1890. Although so far removed from the city, many Chicago people reside in Aurora. Austin. Situated on the Galena division of the Chicago & North- West- ern railroad, 6% miles from the City Hall. Austin is one of the nearest of Chicago's suburbs, and one of the most delightful. It has grown from a little hamlet of 900 people to a town of 4,200 within a few years, and gives promise of becoming a most important point in the near future. The topog- raphy of the surrounding country is in nowise different from the other towns on the North-Western road. It lies on the first ridge west of the city, and is from ten to twelve feet above the level of the lake. On either side of the town the country is low, rolling prairie land, making it easy to drain. Tttti ENCYCLOPEDIA. 443 It was not until after the big fire that Austin began to give promise of future prosperity. The suburban fever reached to the town, and it grew rapidly. There are many things that go to make it an attractive place and a desirable one for a quiet suburban home. The early settlers set out an abundance of trees of all kinds, and to-day the town gives the appearance of a natural for- est. Its modern growth has given rise to a series of buildings whose archi- tecture is diversified and pleasing. The sanitary conditions are perfect. The drainage is to the south, into Mud lake, with a fall of thirty feet. The water supply comes from Oak Park, the pumping works of that place supplying Austin among other towns. An electric street railroad runs through the town, giving the people cheap fare. Avondale. Situated on the Wisconsin division of the Chicago & North- Western railway, five and a half miles from the City Hall. Barrington. Situated on the Wisconsin division of the Chicago & North- Western railway, 31^ miles from the City Hall. A prosperous country town. Batavia. Situated on the Galena division of the Chicago & North- West- ern railway, 36 miles from the City Hall. Bayer. Situated on the Chicago, St. Louis & Pittsburgh railroad, near Greenwood. Bensonmlle. Situated on the Chicago, Milwaukee & St. Paul railway, 16 miles from the City Hall. Benton. Situated on the Milwaukee division of the Chicago & North- Western railway, 40 miles from the City Hall Berwyn. Situated on the Chicago, Burlington & Quincy railroad, nine and a half miles from the City hall. The Wisconsin division of the Illinois Central railroad, and the proposed line of the Ogden avenue elevated road also run by the property. The site was partially subdivided about twenty years ago, streets graded and trees planted, when the panic of '73 stopped all further improvements. Not a house nor even a depot had been erected. The property then lay idle until the summer of 1890, when Wilber J. Andrews and Charles E. Piper purchased 106 acres, laid out a town site, built a $5,000 depot and christened the| place " Berwyn." Since then, brick store buildings, a stone church and about one hundred residences (cost- ing from $2,500 to $10,000 each) have been erected, and over seven miles of streets macadamized. A postoffice and express office have also been estab- lished. Messrs. Andrews & Piper have recently bought 105 acres adjoining their original purchase and built another depot at Riverside avenue. They now control about ten miles of street frontage. No building costing less than $1,500 is permitted in Berwyn. Saloons are prohibited and a uniform building line established for the entire suburb. These restrictions are attracting to it a very desirable class of residents. A complete system of ewage is now in process of construction. The "Berwyn Water, Fuel & Light Co." has recently been incorporated and will at once erect water works and lay pipes throughout the subdivision. Gas and electricity will soon be added. Bcrwyn's beautiful trees and the uniformly excellent character of its residences are the points which first impress a visitor. Bloom. Situated on the Chicago & Eastern Illinois railroad, 27% miles from the City Hall. Blue Island. Situated on the Chicago, Rock Island & Pacific railway, 16 miles irom the City Hall. A large suburb and one of the oldest. 444 GtflDE TO CHICfAGO. Brainard. Practically a part of South Englewood. The town wad started but recently, and gives promise of rapid growth in popularity as well as in population. Bremen. Situated on the Chicago, Rock Island & Pacific railway, 23% miles from the City Hall. Brighton Park. Situated on the Chicago, St. Louis & Pittsburgh and Chicago & Alton railroads, 7% miles from the City Hall. A very pleasant little suburb within the limits. Brisbane. Situated on the Wabash, St. Louis & Pacific railroad, 35 miles from the City Hall. Baena Park. Situated on the Evanston Division of the Chicago, Mil- waukee & St. Paul railway, within the city limits. [See Graceland Ceme- tery.] Burlington. Situated on the Chicago & Northern Pacific railroad, 72% miles from the City Hall. Burlington Heights. Situated on the Chicago, Burlington & Quincy railroad, 20% miles from the City Hall. Calvary. Situated on the Milwaukee division of the Chicago & North- Western railway, ten miles from the City Hall. A station of the village of South Evanston. [See Calvary Cemetery.] The trains of the Evanston divi- sion of the Chicago, Milwaukee & St. Paul railroad also stop here. Camp McDonald. Situated on the Chicago & Northern Pacific railroad, 25% miles from the City Hall. Camp Lake. Situated on the Chicago & Northern Pacific railroad, sixty miles from the City Hall. A summer resort. Canfteld. Situated on the Wisconsin division of the Chicago & North- Western railroad, 11% miles from the City Hall. Gary. Situated on the Wisconsin division of the Chicago & North- Western railroad, thirty-four miles from the City Hall. Cheltenham Beach. Situated on the Illinois Central railroad and the South Shore of Lake Michigan, twelve miles fronKhe City Hall. This place has been christened "The Coney Island of the West." A large hotel and restaurant, a great exhibition hall, an immense amphitheater for pyrotechnic displays on a mammoth scale; slides, and the various amusements incident to such a resort as Coney Island are to be found here. Chicago Lawn. Situated on the Chicago & Grand Trunk railway, 10 miles from the City Hall. A beautiful and popular suburb. Clarendon Hills. Situated on the Chicago, Burlington & Quincy railroad, 20 miles from the City Hall. Clifton. Situated on the Chicago & Grand Trunk railway, 18 miles from the City Hall. Clintonville. Situated on the Galena division of the Chicago & North- Western railway, 39 miles from the City Hall. Clyde. Situated on the Chicago, Burlington & Quincy railroad, 10 miles from the City Hall. Colehour. Situated on the Lake Shore & Michigan Southern railway, 13 miles from the City Hall. A manufacturing suburb. THE ENCYCLOPEDIA. 445 Gonleys. Situated on the Wabash, St. Louis & Pacific railway, 19 miles from the City Hall. Oortland. Situated on the Galena division of the Chicago & North- West- ern railway, 55% miles from the City Hall. Crawford. Situated on the Chicago, Burlington & Quincy railroad, 7 miles from the Citv Hall. A pretty suburb. Crete. Situated on the Chicago & Eastern Illinois railroad, 31 miles from the City Hall. Crown Point. Situated on the Chicago, St. Louis & Pittsburg and Chi- cago & Erie railroads, 41 miles from the City Hall. Crystal Lake. Situated on the Wisconsin division of the Chicago & North- Western railroad, 43 miles from the City Hall. A popular summer fish- ing and camping resort. Cummings. Situated on the New York, Chicago & St. Louis (Nickel Plate) and on the Chicago & Erie railways, 15 miles from the City Hall. A manufacturing suburb of great promise. Cuyler. Situated on the Milwaukee division of the Chicago & North- Western railway, adjoining Ravenswood. A small suburb as yet, but growing. Dalton. Situated on the Louisville, New Albany & Chicago railway, miles from the City Hall. Dauphin Park. Situated at the crossing of the Illinois Central and Michigan Central railroads with the Rock Island and the Atlantic & Pacific, the Western Indiana and New Albany roads. One hundred trains pass through this suburb daily. It is the only suburb along the Iin6 of the Illi- nois CeLtral road having its own park front, and before it contained a house it had beautiful groves of young trees, paved avenues, a complete system of walks, sewers, gas and water. It is convenient to the southern park system of Chicago, and to the site of the Columbian Exposition. The village is beautifully built and settled by a high class of people. It was founded by S. E. Gross. Deering. Situated on the Milwaukee division of the Chicago & North- Western railway, about 3 miles from the City Hall. Here are located the Deer- ing Harvester Works and other large manufactories. De Kalb. Situated on the Galena division of the Chicago & North- Western railway, 58^ miles from the City Hall. Desplaines. Situated on the Wisconsin division of the Chicago & North- Western railway, 16^ miles from the City Hall. A very popular summer picnicking and camp-meeting ground. DesPlaines. Situated on the Chicago & Northern Pacific railroad, 22 miles from the City Hall. Dolton. Situated on the Chicago, St. Louis & Pittsburgh railroad, miles from the City Hall. Downer's Grove. Situated on the Chicago, Burlington & Quincy railroad, about 23 miles from the City Hall. Population, 1,200. Downer's Grove is in the southeast corner of DuPage county and but a few miles from the divid- ing line between this and Cook county. It is a body of timber and covers perhaps one section of land in sections 6 and 7 of township 38 north, range 446 GUIDE TO CHICAGO. 11 east. It has its schools and its churches. Of the latter there are a Meth- odist, Congregational, Episcopalian, Catholic and German Evangelical. " East Grove " is a station % of a mile east of Downer's Grove, and was first laid out thirteen years ago. Since then four or five new additions have been made, some of them quite large. About sixty families now make their homes here. Dyer. Situated on the Louisville, New Albany & Chicago railway, 28^ miles from the City Hall. East Grove. Situated on the Chicago/Burlington & Quincy railroad, miles from the City Hall. East Roseland (104th street). Situated on the Illinois Central railroad, % miles from the City Hall. Edgewater. Situated on theEvanston division of the Chicago, Milwaukee & St. Paul railroad, 1% miles from the City Hall, on the north shore of L ob "e Michigan, and within driving distance from the business center. Edge- water is one of the prettiest suburbs in the country. Its situation is charming. Commencing at the shore of the lake the land rises by a gentle and almost imperceptible slope till it reaches an elevation of from ten to twenty -five feet above the lake. Before the country was opened up the land was covered with a dense growth of trees. The ash, the elm, the white birch, the oak and the maple alike thrive and grow beautiful, nourished by the fertile soil. Its founders bought 250 acres of land there in 1884, and gave the future town the name of Edgewater. It was at that time a wilderness of woods a"d underbrush. For nearly two years the work went on. Just enough of the original forest was cut down to admit of building and laying out streets. The streets were laid out sixty-six feet wide, and every one of them was macadamized. Between the street and the sidewalks, a broad space was left and sodded. Stone sidewalks were laid throughout and between the street and the walks, at distances of thirty-three feet, additional trees were set out. The matter of drainage was especially attended to. Competent engineers superintended the laying of the pipes underground, and every joint and con- nection was made tight before being covered up. Besides this care the system has been so devised that no objectionable encroachment can be r^ade to the injury of the service. The matter of lighting was not neglected. A company was formed pnd an electric light plant put up at a cost of $60,000. It is the most complete for its size in the country. When the improvements were completed, one hundred houses were erected, costing from $5, 000 to $16,- 000 exclusive of the lot. The architecture is varied and pleasing, Queen Anne and Colonial style being frequently used. The material used is brick, stone and wood. An effort was made to avoid building any two houses alike, and hence a pleasing variety and contrast was obtained. Edgewater has two handsome church structures. The Church of the Atonement is said to be the only correct Gothic church in the country. The material is red sandstone, and the interior decorations are both elaborate and elegant. The Epworth Meth- odist Episcopal Church is the handsomest structure of the denomination out- side of the city. [See Argyle Park.] There is also a finely equipped and graded school, to which educational facilities will be constantly added for the benefit of the community. The public stable is one of the suburb's attractions. Edison Park Situated on the Wisconsin division of the Chicago & North- Western railway, 12 miles from the City Hall. THE ENCYCLOPEDIA. 447 Eggleston. One of the most prominent suburbs in close proximity to Chicago; generally mentioned in connection with Auburn Park, another beautiful environ. The accessibility of Eggleston and Auburn Park is well known. Its main transit line is the Rock Island railroad, over which trains run the distance in from twenty to thirty minutes. The convenience afforded suburban travelers on this road are seconded only to that obtained by the patrons of the Illinois Central line. The Rock Island depot is nearer the busi- ness center of the city than is that of any other road. It is particularly con- venient for Board of Trade men, and, if for no other reason, their number should be well represented among the residents of Eggleston and Auburn Park. Besides the Rock Island road these twin suburbs have the C. & E. I. railway close at hand. Then, too, the Wentworth avenue street car line is to be extended from Seventy-third street, its present terminus, right through this property, to Seventy-ninth street. The material for the road is already on the ground, and the line will be finished and cars will be running by the first of November. No one can view the rich beauties of Eggleston and Auburn Park property without becoming more or less enthusiastic, according to his power of appre- ciation. Unquestionably, it is the handsomest and best improved residence district in Cook county. It is difficult to imagine how intelligent and well-to- do home-builders can be persuaded to locate on crudely improved and treeless prairie ground, when the high ridge, naturally wooded and thoroughly- improved property of Eggleston and Auburn Park is so near at hand, and can be had at the low prices it is now quoted at. About four years of time have been consumed, and over one-half a million dollars have been expended in bringing that suburb up to its present high standard. Had not the location been possessed of great natural advantages and beauty to commence with, even this large expenditure of time and money could not have made it what it now is could not have given it its present enviable position in the public estimation. Messers. Eggleston, Mallette& Brownell, the three gentlemen who pushed forward this great undertaking- with so great success, are justly entitled to much praise, for the work done by them has been of incalculable benefit to Chicago. It has influenced other improver-; to take more pride in their work, and to act more conscientiously in their dealings with their customers. The progress made by these three gentlemen is extremely interesting, and the result of their combined efforts and capital have far exceeded their own and their friends' expectations. Recognizing the value of such a location, they bought the ground on which Eggleston now stands, and commenced to improve it. Well understanding that no locality can be uniformly improved unless under the sole control of a single person or a syndicate, Eggleston, Mallette & Brownell also bought Auburn Park. Then they immediately commenced to carry out their avowed plan of making their two purchases as attractive a subdivision as labor and abundant means could produce. That they have accomplished their object, none can gainsay. Briefly stated, this property extends from Seventy-first street to Seventy-ninth, and is bounded on the East by State street . and has Wallace avenue for a Western boundary, being one mile by one half mile in size. It is the first rise of any consequence back from the lake, and is so well elevated as to allow of laying the pipes of its 448 GUIDE TO CHICAGO complete sewer system eight and ten feet below the surface of the ground. A large and natural growth of oak trees are everywhere seen besides which, tall and beautiful elms border either side of the walks. Besides the boundary streets, there are LaFayette, Perry, Wentworth, Yale and Harvard avenues, Wright and Dickey streets. All these last mentioned and well-known thor- oughfares are North and South ones, and hence cross through Eggleston and Auburn Park the longest way. Running in the same direction, and right through the center of this property, is Stewart avenue boulevard. This gives it direct connection with the South Park boulevard system, a most desirable and valuable feature. A point that should be well emphasized is that every street in Eggleston and Auburn Park is improved in all respects equal to Grand and Drexel boulevards. They are all broad and evenly macadamized; boulevard lamps are in; the sidewalks are all of Cleveland sand stone; and a force of twelve gardners are employed the year around, to keep the trees, shrubbery, llowers, lawns, etc., in order. At each of the corners of inter- secting streets, a vase of growing flowers is kept the summer through. Even the alleys need some mention, for being wide and macadamized, they really compare well with the streets in some localities. A picturesque feature of this property, is the presence of a narrow, river-like body of water that winds through its southern portion. A dressy little boat-house has been erected, which shelters a number of pretty row boats. In fact, on all sides are to be seen evidences of everything possible having been done to make Eggleston and Auburn Park to Englewood, what Kenwood is to Hyde Park an ideal aristocratic residence place. To secure the best results, established building restrictions are enforced. In Eggleston and Auburn Park, no house less than two full stories high, and upon else than a stone foundation, can be erected. No lot narrower than fifty feet is sold, and no front fences are allowed to be built. The building line is so stipulated, and the residences so placed, as to show the lawns to the best advantage. These restrictions may seem to be a little notional, but already the residents there can plainly see the wisdom of living up to them. Eventually when all is built up, the value of these restric- tions will be even more apparent. The educational advantages of these suburbs are very superior. The Normal school is but three blocks from Eggleston, and at both Seventieth and Seventy-fifth streets there is a good public school. Thriving churches of different denominations are near by, and a number of social clubs are organized. To sum it all up, the words of one of Chicago's most successful phy- sicians, who lately visited Eggleston and Auburn Park, are directly to the point. He said: " To view the cleanliness and beauty everywhere to be seen there, is decidedly refreshing." From either depot, where a star, crescent, and either " Eggleetoa " or " Auburn Park " is boldly outlined on the sward of the sloping bank, .to the remotest corner of that well-kept property, nothing to mar the beauty of the scenery is to be found, and the visitor is led to wonder why capitalists do not lay out other sub-divisions in like manner. The owners of this property, Messrs. Eggleston, Mallette & Brownell, have offices on the second floor of the Tacoma building, and on the sixth floor of the Royal Insurance building. They now have four houses under contract to build, each of which will cost fully $20,000, besides many others. [See Auburn Park and Illustrations.] THE ENCYCLOPEDIA. 449 Elburn. Situated on the Galena division of the Chicago & North- Western railway, 44 miles from the City Hall. Elgin. Situated on the Galena division of the Chicago & North- Western railway, and on the Chicago, Milwaukee & St. Paul railway, 42 miles from the City Hall. A beautiful and prosperous town. Immense dairy interests are centered here. The Elgin National Watch factory and several other large industrial institutions are located here. [See Elgin National Watch Factory.] Population, 1890, 17,429. Elmhurst. Situated on the Galena division of the Chicago & North-West- ern railway, 15 miles from the City Hall. An attractive suburb. Elsdon. Situated on the Chicago & Grand Trunk railway, 9 miles from the City Hall. Englewood. A beautiful district of the city proper, situated on the Chi- cago, Rock Island & Pacific and other lines, but accessible by street cars. It is practically within the old city, and has long since lost its individuality as a village. There are handsome business blocks, elegant residences and a fine opera house here. [See Timmerman Opera House.] Englewood is hardly more to be considered as a suburb now than Hyde Park or Lake View. Englewood Heights. Situated at the intersection of the Panhandle and Rock Island railroads, between Eighty-seventh and Ninety-second sts., and Ashland ave. and the Panhandle tracks. To those of moderate means a town of the size of Englewood Heights offers many inducements; property is much cheaper than it is in an older and better developed place. The man who is working for a moderate salary can go there, buy a lot, put up a modest dwelling and live comfortably. In time his home increases greatly in value and he finds himself in possession of a ^aluable piece of property. Englewood Heights possesses one attribute almost essential to a successful town natural beauty. Before it was platted, its natural wooded district offered a never-failing inducement to picnic parties, and every Sunday the grounds were crowded with pleasure-seekers. To-day one would oot be able to recognize the old landmarks. Stores, pleasure resorts, tasteful dwellings and evidences of business activity proclaim a wonderful transformation. Englewood on the Hill. Situated on the Panhandle road directly west of Englewood proper, extending from Sixty-seventh to Seventy-first sts. north and south, and is bounded eastand westbyLoomis st. and Western ave. Take train at Union depot, Canal and Adams sts. , West Side. The founder of the town suburb is E. A. Cummings, Esq., of E. A. Cummings & Co. Like the founders of the several towns round about Euglewood, Mr. Cum- mings gave the town a name to which was attached Englewood. Some years ago he bought this tract for $400 an acre and soon sold it for $600 an acre. He had not parted with it long before its desirability as a suburban residence place struck him with peculiar force. As a result he a second time pur- chased the land, giving for it $1,300 an acre. Among the public buildings are a handsome Catholic church and a public school-house of pressed brick, costing $30,000. Three brick business blocks are directly opposite the depot and are occupied with well stocked stores. The contiguity of the "Hill "to the Stock Yards has induced several large operators to locate there. A mile frontage on Ashland ave. possessed by the town gives an added value to real estate. Another thing that is in favor of the town and one that will help its growth in the years to come is the fact that it is directly in the line to the 450 GUIDE TO CHICAGO. Stickney tract, which is certain to become a great manufacturing center. Euglewood on the Hill has about 700 inhabitants and is growing with remark- able rapidity. Kola. Situated on the Chicago, Burlington & Quincy railroad, 35 miles from the City Hall. Evanston, City of. By vote of the people of Evanston and of South Evanston, which have been {eparate villages, on Feb. 20, 1692, the two were consolidated, the intention being to form a municipality under a regular city charter from the State. This was carried out later in the Spring of 1892. The Ciiy of Evanston had a frontage on Lake Michigan at this time of about 3 miles, and extended westwardly about 1J^ miles. Its population was about 15. 000. In this edition of The Standard Guide the Villages of Evanston and South Evan- ston are referred to below under their former names, the new city not being fully organized as it goes to press. [See "Evanston," "South Evanston," "Clubs," "Northwestern University, "and other classifications for information concerning the place named. " Evanston. Situated on the Milwaukee division of the Chicago & North- Western railway and on the Evanston division of the Chicago, Milwaukee & St. Paul railroad, 12 miles from the City Hall, on the north shore of Lake Michigan. Take train at Wells St. depot, Wells and Kinzie sts., North Side, or at Union depot, Canal and Adams sts. , West Side. Steamboats take pas- sengers to Evanston during the summer season from Clark st. bridge. Trains run at intervals of a few minutes, morning and evening, and hourly during the day. Evanston is the most celebrated and in many respects the most attractive of Chicago's suburbs, by reason of its beautiful and accessible situ- ation, its educational institutions, its churches, itshigh social advantages and the cultured character of its inhabitants. A great many of the residents of Evanston are people distinguished in the literary world, and not a few of them enjoy an international reputation. The visitor should not fail to spend a few days in this charming* village and its vicinity. In 1850 the place was known as "Ridgeville." There were then about 100 inhabitants in the settle- ment. Major Mulford was the supervisor, the postmaster and the general major domo of the town. Several names were proposed, among them Orring- ton. It was finally decided that to the one who should come to the front and give most generously of his substance should accrue the honor of the name. Dr. John Evans, now Hon. John Evans, then a leading physician of Chicago, was the man, and after him was the ne^v town called Evanston. Other men who have been identified with the growth of the village have not been for- gotten. Their names are perpetuated in the beautiful streets which traverse the village. Greenleaf ave., Hinman ave., Noyes ave., Davis street, after Dr. N. S. Divis; Judson ave., Dempster St., Orrington ave., and a host of others all have their significance, and recollections cluster about them. Ever since its establishment the growth of Evanston has been a steady and healthly one. Not until the year 1857 was the town organized. The first supervisor was George Reynolds, who built the first hotel the Reynolds House. His residence stood where now stands the elegant mansion of William Deering. The first store was opened by J. B. Colvin and stood where Garwood's drug store now is. The first public school was a log house at Greenwood and Ridge aves. The site was intended as a burying ground, but instead there stands the stately mansion of John Kirk. In the winter of 1853 the ^llage of Evanston was first platted by Rev. Philo Judson. The con- THE ENCYCLOPEDIA. 15l necting link between Chicago and the 1ov>n came in 1854, when the Chicago & North-Western railway laid its tracks there. From that time there set in a steady advance in its growth, and in the winter of 1863 the village was incorporated. The first president of the board wasH.B. Hurd and John Fussey was commissioner of streets. The total valuation of property was then $125,480. In April, 1873, the village organ- ization was voted and C. J. Gilbert was the first president. Ere this many of Chicago's first citizens had been attracted to Evanston and the board con- tained such names as H. G. Powers, Lyman J. Gage, William Blanchard, Wil- son Phelps and O. A. Willard. The successive presidents of the village were O. Huse, Dr. N. 8. Davis, J. M. Williams, Thomas J. Frost, T. A. Cosgrove, J. J Parkhurst, C. N. Remy, M. W. Kirk, James Ayers and H. H. C. Miller. A drive through the principal streets of Evanston will re veal the attractions of the place. On every side and continually the eye is greeted with a sight of beautiful lawns, tasteful flower-gardens and ornamental mounds. They form a pretty foreground for the elegant residences that are almost always built at a goodly distance from the street. The architecture of the town is pleasingly varied and uniformly tasteful. In few places can one see so many homes that indicate refinement and wealth. The mansion and not the cottage is the rule. The character of the people is distinctive. Evanston people are nothingif not educated. They pride themselves on this. It is the miniature Boston of the West. You feel refinement in the very atmosphere. It is the home of cultivation. This must needs be so from the fact that the growth and devel- opment of the town has been shaped and influenced by the University. That nobleinstitution has grown from an humble beginning to become the equal of almost any institution of learning in the United States. It needs no enco- miums. The history of its graduates, the standing of its faculty, speak vol- umes. The University grounds constitute the chief park of the town. They are densely wooded and undulating. From time to time new buildings have been added till now a memorial hall, a science hall, Dearborn Observatory, Heck Hall, woman's college, preparatory school, dormitory and gymnasium, all models of elegance and convenience, adorn the spacious grounds. [See Northwestern University.] Another thing that has added greatly to the attraction possessed by Evanston is the exclusion of the sale of liquor within the four mile limit. The possibility of rearing a family beyond the baleful influence of the saloon has caused many to settle within its borders. The contest over the liquor traffic forms a notable epoch in the history of the town. The character of the inhabitants of Evanston has in the past few years changed considerably and for some reasons for the better. The old Puritan days when the religionist dominated the town are now but a memory. The same element is still there. But it is diluted just enough to give the town a progressive spirit and lend to it a live and bustling character. The social gatherings of Evanston are delightful affairs, unmarred by the stiff formality that characterizes the swell events of Chicago's 400. The social element is exacting, too. There you can see club life in its ideality. [See Evanston Club, Evanston Country Club and Evanston Boat Club.] Another source of pride to Evanston is her school system. The Evanston High School stands at Benson avenue and Dempster street. Theschool ranksamong the highest, and a diploma from it will admit the graduate into almost any college in the United States. The Hinman Avenue School, the Wesley Avenue School, the 452 GUIDE TO CHICAGO. Haven School and a score of others offer superior and exceptional educational advantages. Besides these there are the various district schools. The people of Evanston, or the great majority of them, are religiously inclined. It is pre-eminently a town of many churches. In the early days of its history the Methodist denomination predominated to the exclusion of all others. Now lofty spires rise from edifices devoted to the peculiar wor- ship of almost every denomination. The Episcopalians and Catholics have just erected two magnificent structures. A mention of Evanston's attractions would not he complete without a passing notice of the Evanston Life-saving Station. [See "Evanston Life-savin s Station, "in Encyclopedia.] Among the public'institutions of Evanston is the free circulating library at 534 Sherman ave. The Evanston Press and Index are the newspapers of the village, and both are edited with force, good judgment and ability. The Index is the older newspaper. The Press is young and vigorous. Among the latest and most important improvements in Evanston is the New Village Hall, erected at a cost of $40,000. [See " Evanston, City of," " South Evauston," " Clubs," " Northwestern University," etc.] Evergreen Park. Situated on the Chicago & Grand Trunk railway, 14^ miles from the City Hall. A charming residence place, and quite pop- ular. Fairmew Park. Situated on the Chicago, St. Louis & Pittsburgh rail road, 15J miles from the City Hall. Feehanmlle. Situated on the Chicago & Northern Pacific railroad twenty- five miles from the City Hall. Here is located St. Mary's Industrial School for Boys. The place receives its name from the Catholic archbishop of this diocese. [See Educational Institutions.] Fernwood. Situated on the line of the Chicago & Eastern Illinois rail- road, twelve miles from the City Hall. The village is almost surrounded by West Roseland on the south, Oakdale on the north, and Washington Heights on the west. ^Fernwood is a village of about 1,500 inhabitants. At the time the surrounding villages, West Roseland, Oakdale, Washington Heights, etc., came into the city, Fernwood refused to become annexed. She soon repented, however, and at the very first opportunity voted to cast her lot with Chicago. Forest Hill. Situated on the Chicago, St. Louis & Pittsburgh railroad, miles from the City Hall. Forest Home. Situated on the Chicago^& Northern Pacific railroad, 10J miles from the City Hall. Fort Sheridan. Situated on the Milwaukee division of the Chicago & North- Western railway, 24i miles from the City Hall. [See Fort Sheridan, under head of " Military."] Fox Lake. One of the most charming summer resorts in the vicinity of Chicago. It may be reached either by the Chicago & North- Western or the Chicago & Northern Pacific railroad. The distance from Chicago is about fifty-one miles. Fox is but one of many lakes in the vicinity. There is good fishing here. Small steamers ply between points on the lakes. The banks are dotted with pretty villas. Thousands of Chicagoans make their summer THE ENCYCLOPEDIA. 453 homes in the vicinity of Fox Lake. The visitor, desiring a day of recreation, could not find a more perfect spot in this country. Trains leave frequently for the stations contiguous to the lakes of Lake county. There are many sporting, fishing and social club houses on the Pox Lake. [See Clubs Athletic, Sporting, etc.] Franklin Park. Situated at the intersection of the Wisconsin Central and Chicago, Milwaukee & St. Paul railroads. Franklin Park, founded in 1890, is bounteously favored by the high elevation of its surface and by the diversified charms of the surrounding scenery. Streets, boulevards and parks have been laid out, a large public hall makes conspicuous show, and tasteful residences appear on every hand. The improvements are of a char- acter in keeping with those of older and well-populated suburbs. Geneva. Situated on the Galena division of the Chicago & North- West- ern railway, 35^ miles from the City Hall. This is the station of Geneva Lake, one of the most charming summer resorts in the West. Many of the wealthy people of Chicago have summer residences on the Lake. The Lake itself is a beautiful body of water. In the season it is alive with boats. Some of the summer villas are magnificent. Glencoe. Situated on the Milwaukee division of the Chicago & North- Western railway, nineteen miles from the City Hall. It is one of the prettiest suburbs on the North Shore. Q-len Ellyn. Situated on the Galena division, of the Chicago & North- Western railway, twenty-three miles from the City Hall. The location is most charming. The property upon which this suburb has been established is in Du Page county, and lies north and east of the beautiful village of Prospect Park. High and heavily wooded hills almost encircle a sloping valley, near the centre of which is the tract of 130 acres to be reserved for a park. In the centre of this park are the mineral springs. Across the valley a dam has been built, and the water from a number of non-mineral sorings farther to the west has formed a lake of fifty acres, upon which a fleet of boats has been placed. -The mineral springs are five in number, and form a cluster in the centre of the park. The flow from these springs varies from 50 to 150 gallons a minute each, and the combined flow per minute from the five is about 500 gallons. Glenwood. Situated on the Chicago & Eastern Illinois railroad, twenty- three and one-half miles from the City Hall. [See Training Schools.] Goodenow. Situated on the Chicago & Eastern Illinois railroad, chirty- four miles from the City Hall. Grand Crossing Situated on the Illinois Central and on all lines of rail- road running south, nine and three-fourths miles from the City Hall. Some very important industries are located here, among them the Calumet Iron and Steel Works. Here also is located the old Cornell Watch Factory. Grant Locomotive Works Addition to Chicago. This property is situated at the southwest corner of Twelfth street and Hyman avenue (or West Forty- eighth street), and is immediately east of the great Locomotive Works. The locomotive plant occupies a space of about forty acres,.in the center of the famous section twenty-one. Large and substantial buildings have been con- structed and are now being equipped with the latest improved machinery, making these works the most modern in the United States. It is the only 454 GUIDE TO CHICAGO. locomotive manufacturing establishment west of Pittsburg, Pa., and Dunkirk, N. Y. A large force of skilled mechanics will find steady employment in these works, the capacity of which will be at first about 250 locomotives per annum, and it is confidently expected that this output will be increased from year to year. The entire plant will be in full operation not later than March, 1892, and it is expected that from 1,500 to 2,000 men will find constant employment in this one industry. This will be a new manufacturing district, and its magnitude will attract kindred concerns employing large numbers of men. The property which Bogue & Company offer for sale will have all modern improvements, such as macadamized streets, sidewalks, water pipes, and sewers. Grayland. Situated on the Chicago, Milwaukee & St. Paul railway, eight miles from the City Hall. A pretty suburb. Qray's Lake. Situated on the Chicago & Northern Pacific railroad, forty-five and one-half miles from the City Hall. A delightful summer resoft. Greenwood. Situated on the Chicago, St. Louis & Pittsburgh railroad, twenty-two and one-fourth miles from the City Hall. Oreggs. Situated on the Chicago, Burlington & Quincy railroad, twenty and three fourths miles from the City Hall. Q-rifflth. A new manufacturing suburb, situated in Lake county, Indi- ana, on the lines of the Michigan Central, Grand Trunk, Chicago & Erie and Elgin, Joliet & Eastern Belt railroads. Take train at Central Depot, foot of Lake St., or at Dearborn Station, Polk st. and Third ave. There are immense transactions in real estate for manufacturing sites going on here. The town has become prominent lately because of its proximity to the new packing industries that are to be moved into Lake county by Armour, Swift and Mor- ris. [See New Stock Yards.] Grossdale. Situated on the Chicago, Burlington & Quincy railroad, tweve miles west of the City Hall. Grossdale is one of the many charming suburb?, which owe their origin to the restless activity, sound judgment and liberal public spirit of S. E. Gross. The suburban village of Grossdale is located in a natural park of about 300 acres, and the growth of the place has been justly pronounced "one of those phenomenal evidences of progress, enterprise and artistic sentiment that now serve to distinguish the World's Fair city from all the rest of creation." Mr. Gross, before beginning the construction of Grossdale, had platted, subdivided, built and sold more than twenty suburbs. He had sold in the course of eleven years 40,000 lots and had built more than 11,000 houses. At nineteen years of age he was a captain in the United States army, fighting at the front in the War of the Rebellion. The youngest captain in the service, he came home in 1865, covered with honors and with scars. In 1866 he left his boyhood's home in Mount Carroll, 111., and came to Chicago, where he began soon the practice of law. In 1888 he went into the real estate business. His Madison street subdivision, " Gross Terrace," was the one on which he tried his apprentice hand. Then, with experience, came Gross Park, Argyle Park, Brookdale and Villa Ridge. Humboldt Park fol- lowed, and Under the Linden, at Avondale; Calumet Heights, Kerwin Station at Oak Park, the Archer avenue subdivision, and finally Grossdale and Dauphin Park. THE ENCYCLOPEDIA. 455 Gross Park. Situated on the Milwaukee division of the Chicago & North-Western railway, about four and one-half miles from the City Hall. One of the several suburban towns founded by S. E. Gross. This suburb was intended for the homes of workingmen, and it has grown wonder- fully within the past few years. Nearly all the residents own their own kouses. Gurnee. Situated on the Chicago, Milwaukee & St. Paul railway, thirty- eight miles from the City Hall. Hammond. Hammond is a suburb of Chicago, in the State of Indiana, situated almost at the present head of the navigable waters of the Calumet river, and accessible by the Michigan Centra], the Chicago & Western Indiana, the Chicago Belt Line, the Louisville, New Albany & Chicago, the New York, Chicago & St. Louis (" Nickel Plate "), the Chicago & Atlantic, and the Pittsburg, Cincinnati & St. Louis ("Panhandle ") railroads. Take trains at Union depot, Canal and Adams sts. , Van Buren Street depot, Van Buren and Sherman sts., Central depot, foot of Lake St., or Dearborn Station, Polk st. and Third ave. Hammond, it appears, is destined to become one of the greatest manufacturing towns in the vicinity of Chicago, but not until within the past few years has its development been marked or extraordinary. One of the first settlers of Hammond was E. W. Hohman. He located at Hammond away back in the year 1849, kept a tavern and was justice of the peace. The little outpost was then known as Hohman's Bridge. It was a stage station between Chicago and Michigan City. Mr. Hohman owned about 1,000 acres of the land upon which the present corporate limits of the city are located. Even in those early days Mr. Hohman firmly believed that Ham- mond would at some future day become a great city. In 1869 he sold fifteen acres of this tract to the G. H. Hammond Packing Company. This was the start of the town. The packing interests soon drew about it the nucleus of the town. The company erected buildings for its employes. Two or three stores were erected, a town site mapped out, and work begun. At first the packing interests were of a very modest nature. Less than twenty-five cattle were slaughtered'aday, fifteen to twenty beingthe average, and about asmany men were employed. The beef was the first ever shipped East from Chicago in refrigerator cars. From this small beginning the business increased year by year until to-day the Hammond plant is the largest of its kind in the world. At present nearly 1,100 men are employed at the slaughtering houses, and upward of 5,000 cattle are killed weekly and shipped East. In 1888 the output of G. H. Hammond & Co. aggregated over $20,000,000; in 1H89 it went up to nearly $26,000,000, ami in 1891 it aggregated nearly $40,000,000. Around this little center new industries soon sought a location. In 1886 the Chicago Steel Manufacturing Company located there. A site of fifteen acres of land was secured and upward of $500,000 was invested. Large buildings of brick and glass have been put up, and when running to full capacity it employs from 400 to 600 men aud boys. The Tuthill Spring Company located in 1883. It has an invested capital of possibly $75,000 and gives employment to at least 150 men. The Calumet Canning Company has $300,000 invested and employs 300 hands; the Chicago Ax Company, with $50,000 invested, employs 300 men; the Stein, Hirsch & Co.'s Starch Works, with $800,000 invested, employs 200 hands, and the Hammond Milling Company, with a capital of $100,000, employs fifty hands. But the most important manufacturing additions to Hammond are of comparatively recent date. In 1890 the Brown-Bonnell Company purchased laud at Hammond 456 GUIDE TO CHICAGO. upon which it established a complete steel industry at an expenditure of $3,000,000. The new works of the Brown-Bonuell Company will materially transform Hammond. When these works are complete the manufacturing interests in the district east of the packing houses will give employment to over 4,000 men. With the exception of the Illinois Steel Company at South Chicago this company will be the strongest manufacturing concern in the Calumet basin. It will form one link of the chain of manufactories extend- ing from the mouth of the Calumet river to East Chicago, and embracing the works of the Illinois Steel Company, the Iroquois Furnace Company, the Chicago Smelting and Refining Company, the Rolling Mill Company at Iron- dale, the Rolling Stock Company at Hegewisch, and the Rolling Mill Com- pany at East Chicago. Such are the manufacturing interests already located at Hammond, and more are daily coming in. The more recent only date since last summer. The P. E. Lane Iron Bridge Works have bought a twenty-two acre tract in section thirty for $1,500 from W. H. Russell. This company manufactures iron bridges and employs upward of 200 men. Its present works are located at Fifty-seventh st. and the Fort Wayne tracks, whence they will be removed to Hammond and started anew upon a larger plane. The Kingsley Foundry and Manufacturing Company of Elyria, Ohio, has also decided to locate at Hammond. This company has secured two acres in section one, and will at once proceed to erect buildings to cost $15,000 to $20,000, and will place machinery in them costing as much more. It will employ fully 100 men. The company manufactures iron castings, sewer pipes, etc. Besides these two concerns the American Hominy Flake Company, of Yellow Springs, Ohio, has also secured a site in the Oakhill sub-division to Hammond. This company has a capital of $100,000, and proposes to spend from $30,000 to $35,000 in buildings on their new site. A new elevator is to be built and an oatmeal mill. A large number of manu- facturing concerns have purchased sites for their works within the past year. Here will probably locate the greatest packing plant in the world (see New Stock Yards) and an immense brewery. Already the growing city of Ham- mond is stretching out branch towns in several directions. One and a half miles to the northwest is Calumet Park, really a suburb of Hammond. This town is located on the Calumet terminal and Panhandle railroads. The National Surface Company, a large concern, has already established a factory there. The corporation manufactures iron cattle guards. Hegewisch, East Chicago and Whiting are all thriving manufacturing towns. The location of Hammond is very desirable, both for manufacturing and residence purposes, There is a plentiful supply of pure water, and modern improvements in lighting, sewering, paving and architecture are being made with amazing rapidity. The visitor can spend a day or two pleasantly and profitably in Hammond and vicinity. Harlem. Situated between the towns of River Forest and Oak Park, on the Chicago & Northern Pacific railroad. Harvey. Situated two miles south of the southern city limits, at the junction of the Illinois Central, Big Four, and Grand Trunk railroads. Take the Illinois Central train at foot of Randolph or Van Buren street; or take train at Dearborn station, Third ave. and Polk st. l.arvey, though one of the youngest, is one of the most important of Chicago's manufacturing sub- urbs. Harvey, founded August 1890, now has a population of nearly 4,000. Sixty trains a day connect it with the heart of the city, and railroad lines THE ENCYCLOPEDIA. 457 other than those mentioned above are arranging to pass through the town, and the transportation facilities will be of the very best. Unlike most sub- urbs of Chicago, Harvey has excellent drainage facilities, being from twenty- one to twenty-eight feet above the Calumet river, and having a brick sewer four feet in diameter, fourteen.feet below the surface, extending to the river. That portion of Harvey lying east of the Illinois Central railroad, and the land lying north of the Chicago and Grand Trunk Ry. , and west of Ashland ave., will be devoted exclusively to manufacturing purposes. The rest of the town being reserved for residences. Harvey has graded streets and side- walks. Water works are completed, consisting of water tower, maips, and artesian wells of large capacity. Parks ssirt the west side of the Illinois Central railroad. A boulevard is made on 155th st. A $14,000 church is built in the same locality near Lexington ave. A bank building is complete, and hundreds of residences are already constructed. As a temperance, manu- facturing town, Harvey is famous throughout the whole country. Among the works already established at Harvey are: The Harvey Steel works, The Griunell Wagon Works, The Atkinson Steel & Spring Works, Middleton Car Spring Co., The Bellaire Stamping Co., The Wells Glass Co., The Buda Foundry & Manufacturing Co., The Craver & Steele Manufacturing Co., Laughlin Manufacturing Co., Automatic Mower & Manufacturing Co., A J. Sweeney & Son, and applications from other manufacturing companies to remove their plants are under consideration. The freight rates to and from Harvey are the same as to and from Chicago. Because Harvey is to be to a great extent a manufacturing town, it must not be supposed that it is not adapted for the suburban home of the city merchant, business and professional man. There are many sites for lovely homes. An electric railroad has just been completed proving a decided success, and an electiic light plant fur- nishes light for the streets. Stores and a number of factories group them- selves together along the residence streets and boulevards. On the boulevard no residence is to be erected of less value than $2,500, and all buildings are to be placed twenty-five feet back of the face line of street. In the section bounded by 154th st. on the north, Ashland ave. on the west, and 157th st. on the south, excepting blocks 92 and 93, no buildings are to be erected of less value than $2,000. Outside of this area the only restrictions is a build- ing line. All residences are to be twenty feet back of face line of street. On all property west of Ashland ave. no house can be erected that shall be of less cost than the value of the lot. On residence lots west of Ashland ave. the building line is fifteen feet and twenty feet on 150th street boulevard. Harvey is in all respects the most successful temperance town ever founded, and, therefore, free from the many demoralizing influences result- ing from the sale of liquor. Hawtliorne. Situated on the Chicago, Burlington & Quincy railroad, six miles from the city. At present there are many neat and substantial cot- tages on several of the streets, which are all graded and have sidewalks laid. The ground is twenty to thirty feet above city level, thusgiving fine drainage facilities and pure air. There is a school-house and a church, and plans are being perfected for the erection of other places of worship. Shade trees are laid out on the streets, which are improved with crushed stone. Hawthorne was laid out by G. S. Hubbard some years ago, and hassinoe been subdivided and improved in many respects. Half a mile north of the land the proposed site for the Grant Locomotive Works is situated, and about the same distance 458 GUIDE TO CHICAGO. away in another direction there will be the Northern Pacific railroad shops Of the already established industries of the locality the immense quarries'of Dolese & Shepard take first rank. For paving and building purposes the stone from these quarries is greatly thought of. Employment is given to over 300 men in summer and about 150 in winter. Hegewisch. Situated just within the southern limits of the city, east of Calumet Lake and on the Calumet river. A most prosperous manufacturing town, possessing all that is requisite to make it such, cheap grounds, compe- tition facilities afforded both by rail and water, are the causes assigned for the present promise of a most desirable location for any manufacturing industry. The government has already made appropriation for the improve- ment of the Calumet river, the intention being to widen it to 200 feet, with a depth of from sixteen to eighteen feet, thus rendering it navigable for the largest lake vessels. The town is named after the president of the United States Roiling Stock Company. The company began operations here in 1884, when only a small tavern occupied the site wherein now are 3,000 inhabitants. In 1885 manufacturing was commenced, and also the erection of houses for the accommodation of this company's workmen. The plant now represents an investment of $1,800,000, consisting of buildings, extensive docks, fourteen miles of trackage in their yards, etc., etc. This plant has a capacity of 10,000 freight cars per annum, and employs 1,200 men. The Compound Lumber Company's plant, employing 90 men for the manufacture of veneered doors by machinery, and the Mahla & Chappell Chemical Works, 75 men, are located here. The cheap transportation of iron ores by water adds to the advantages of Hegewisch as a most eligible point for the manufacture of heavy iron work. The railroads furnishing outlets to the Hegewisch shippers are: The Michigan Central; Pittsburg, Port Wayne & Chicago; Chicago & Erie; Louisville, New Albany & Chicago; Nickel Plate; and the two belt lines, Chicago & Western Indiana, and Chicago & Calumet terminal railroads, afford connections with every railroad running out of Chicago. He&sville. Situated on the New York, Chicago & St. Louis (Nickel Plate) railway, 22*^ miles from the City Hall. A manufacturing suburb. Highlands. Situated on the Chicago, Burlington & Quincy Railroad, seventeen and a half miles from the city hall, on highly elevated and beauti- fully wooded lands, shade trees have been planted and will in a short time give ample shade to the streets. Streets are macadamized. To the enterprise of Messrs. Bogue & Co., and the excellent suburban service of the C. B. & Q. road is due the popularity of the suburb. Highland Park. Situated on the Milwaukee division of the Chicago & North-Western railway. A beautiful suburb on the north shore. There are many handsome homes here. The town is wooded nicely and the lawns are very pretty. High Ridge. Situated on the Milwaukee division of the Chicago & North-Western railway, 8} miles from the City Hall. Hinsdale. Situated on the Chic igo, Burlington & Quincy railroad, 17 miles from the City Hall. The town was founded about twenty years ago. It is far enough from Chicago to be entirely free from the odors incident to a big city. Abundant shade trees and shrubbery adorn the residence grounds and line the streets. The avenues are lined with maple, elm, ash, and other forest trees, while adjoining the drives surrounding it are groves of native THE ENCYCLOPEDIA. 459 oak, elm and walnut, interspersed with lovely ferns. Country roads lead in every direction and furnish tempting drives. One of the most attractive drives is along the pretty, meandering stream called Salt creek. The creek is fed by Mammoth spring, which tradition says sprang suddenly into life and engendered Ihe creek. From this drive a view can be had of the old mill and Brush Hill, a village rechristened to the more prosaic name of Fullersburg. In Oak Forest cemetery are other pretty drives. The grounds have been recently laid out by G. K. Wright and incorporated. In the ceme- tery is the Bobbins Monument, erected to the founder of the town, who died about two years ago. There is no manufacturing at Hinsdale and none is desired. It is simply a residence suburb. Its very atmosphere suggests the word "home," with all that the inexpressibly sweet term means to the Ameri- can. The houses built upon the knolls of Hiusdale have a view of Chicago in the distance, with all the intervening villages and country. Population, about 2. 500. Hyde Park Center. Situated on the Illinois Central railroad, the station being at the foot of 53d st. Everything is "Hyde Park " below Thirty, ninth st., and this common term, which isderived from the name of the townj ship, is made to cover all the stations, suburbs and districts betw een tba street and the Calumet district. In order to distinguish the village of Hyde Park, therefore, from such points as Kenwood, Woodlawn, etc., this particu- lar seel ion is called " Hyde Park Center." In 1861, when the town of Hyde Park was incorporated, there were 350 persons living in the town, seventy- one of whom were voters. The census of 1870 showed a population in the whole town of 3,644; in 1880 there were 15,724; in 1885 there were triple the number shown in 1880, and in 1890 there were fully 90,000 people living in what was in 1889 the largest village in the world, village government hav- ing been adopted in 1872. The village hall, located on Lake ave. near Fifty- third street, made Hyde Park Center the social as well as political center of the whole town. To tell the full story of Hyde Park Center it would be necessary to tell the story of the old town and village of Hyde, which by annexation became a part of Chicago in 1889. Until 1852 those forty-eight square miles lying along the lake shore south of Thirty-ninth st. and east of State street, extending south to One Hundred and Thirty-eighth street, lay a sterile waste, with scarcely an inhabitant. The early growth of Hyde Park was exceedingly slow, increasing at the rate of about one family per year for the first ten years. Hassan A. Hopkins, the first collector of the town, kept a general store in a shanty, ten feet square, until 1868, when he built the store which is still standing on the southeast corner of Lake avenue and Fifty-first street. Dr. W. S. Johnson, the first Homceopathist in town, had his office in the upper story. Dr. J. Ramsey Flood, the first Allopathist, was already on the ground. The first church was built in 1858, and stood on the northeast corner of Lake avenue and Fifty-third street. It was first used by believers of all denominations. In I860 it was deeded by Mr. Cor- nell to the Presbyterians. In 1870 a new church building was dedicated on the site where now stands a still newer and larger place of worship, dedicated in the year 1890. The history of this church is the history of the people of the Center in the early days. To-day all the denominations have large societies and church edifices of their own. The Methodists occupy an impos- ing granite-front temple on Fifty-fourth street, the Catholics have a new church on Kimbirk avenue, and the Episcopalians a chapel on Washington avenue. The first public school was erected in the year 1863, at Monroe 460 GUIDE TO CHICAGO. avenue and Fifty-fourth street. The people of Hyde Park have always taken great pride in the public schools, and commencement season is still looked forward to, by all the members of every household, as a matter of personal interest. Leslie Lewis has been superintendent of schools since 1875. and is still retained by the city. The water supply since 1882 has been better than that of the city of Chicago, Hyde Park having water works of its own worth over half a million of dollars. There are three large social clubs at Hyde Park Center. [See Hyde Park Suburban Club, Park Club and Chicago Cycling Club.] Hyde Park Center has a large hotel, and several others are contemplated. Rosalie Music Hall, Fifty-seventh street and Rosalie court, is the place where all the public entertainments and meet- ings are held. It has a seating capacity of 700. So closely connected and blended with the Center are Madison Park, orFiftiethstreet, and South Park, or Fifty-seventh street, that a separate consideration of them would be diffi- cult, as they are identified with theCeHterin all essential interests. South Park Station was formerly called Woodpile, when Charles A. Norton settkd in its vicinity, in 1863. It was so named because of the pile of wood which stood there as fuel for the locomotives. Mr. Norton had the name changed to Woodville, and afterwards, when the bill creating the South Park system was passed, in 1869, it was again changed to South Park. A $3,000 depot now marks the spot where the woodpile formerly stood. Irving Park. Situated on the Wisconsin division of the Chicago & North-Western railway, 6^ miles from the city. The village was platted and laid out when Chicago was young, and only such sites as possessed great natural beauty and advantages were chosen for suburban residences. Irving Park has a population of about 3,000 people. The original found- ers were all American-born people, and nearly all the population at the present time is of that nationality. They have one of the finest graded pub- lic schools in Cook county, and the Jefferson high school is only ten blocks from this at Montrose. It is natural that such a homogeneous collection of people should develop the social life, and many are the pleasures which draw the Irving Parkite from his cozy fireside to the glowing grate of his neighbor. Besides these parlor associations, this place is the home of many flourishing secret societies. The Irving Park Hall Association was formed in 1890 with a capital stock of $15,000, and has erected a building which contains an auditorium that accommodates 600 people, a lodge room, a library, etc. There are some beautiful residences in the suburb. Itaska. Situated on the Chicago, Milwaukee & St. Paul railway, 21 miles from the City Hall. Jefferson Park. Situated on the Wisconsin division of the Chicago & North-Western railway, 9 miles from theCity Hall. A very attractive suburb. Joliet. Situated on the main line of the Chicago, Alton & St. Louis, and the Chicago, Rock Island & Pacific railroads, 39 miles southwest of the city. It Is also reached by the Atchison, Topeka&Sante Fe, the Michigan Central, the Elgin, Joliet & Eastern, the Chicago, Milwaukee & St. Paul, and the Chicago, Burlington & Quincy railroads, all of which contribute largely to the traffic of the city. The place has grown in population from 11,000 in 1880 to 27,407 in 1890. This does not include the prosperous suburbs, which are in reality a part of the city, which would swell the population to at least 35,000. The completion of the belt line, known as the Elgin, Joliet & Eastern railroad extending from Waukegan, 111., on the north lake shore to the Baltimore & THE ENCYCLOPEDIA. 461 Ohio railroad on the south lake shore gives to Joliet very superior advan- tages as regards connections and freight rates. Of the 130,000 miles of rail- road in the country Joliet is directly connected with 110,000 miles. This city also has the Illinois and Michigan canal, "which, it is presumed, will be enlarged to a ship canal at an early date, connecting the Mississippi with the lakes. The freight tonnage from Joliet is enormous. [See Illinois Steel Company.] Lying in close proximity to the city of Joliet are the stone quar- ries, covering on the surf ace over 1,000 acres of ground and extending to an average depth of twenty -six feet. [See Great Industries.] The wire industry has assumed gigantic proportions, nine firms being engaged in it. Wire is manufactured from home-made rods, and the best quality of fence and .other wire produced, the capital invested being $750,000; theannualproduct, 33,500 tons, worth $2,500,000. Several hundred men are employed in this depart- ment, and $600,000 paid annually to them. As good an evidence of the enter- prise and progressive tendency of the city of Joliet as any, is the character of the public buildings that have been erected .in the last ten years, prominent among which are the Young Men's Christian Association building, which cost $40,000, and includes a grand gymnasium and library hall the buildiug presents an exceptionally imposing appearance for one of its character; the Richards Street Methodist church, which cost $30,000, and the Christ Episcopal church, which cost $35,000, and the grand Masonic temple, whose corner-stone was laid June 12, 1890. At Joliet is located the Northern Illinois penitentiary [See State Institutions.] Kenosha, Wis. Situated on the Milwaukee division of the Chicago & North- Western railway, 5\% miles from the City Hall. A celebrated sum- mer resort. There are medical springs, fine hotels, handsome private houses, beautiful grounds and, in the season, ihousands of pleasure and health-seek- ers to be found here. Population, 1890, 6,529 Kensington (One Hundred and Sixteenth St.). Situated on the Illinois Central railroajl, 15 miles from the Citj Hall. A prosperous town, with large railroad interests. Kenwood. Situated on the Illinois Central railway, between Forty-third and Fifty-seventh sts., within the city limits and having no well-defined boun- daries. The " Kenwood " station is at the foot of Forty-seventh st. The name is merely local, and the district is in reality a part of Hyde Park. It has no separate government, nor is it distinguished even as a postoffice, but in this respect is simply recognized as a section of the city, like its immediate neighbors, " Douglas," " Oakland " and "Madison Park." As distinctive suburbs or villages these places have long since lost their individuality. Yet Kenwood is an important district in the estimation of the people and one of the most fashionable in the city. The man to see the future of that long strip of sand along the shore of Lake Michigan, extending from Thirty-ninth st. to the Indiana State line, was Paul Cornell. In 1852 Mr. Cornell bought 300 acres of land on the lake shore. He conveyed sixty acres to the Illinois Cen- tral railroad upon the company's agreement to run three trains daily to the station at Fifty-sixth st. The trains were started June 1, 1856. In 1858 the station was moved to Fifty-third st. There were then only seven families at the Center those of Judge J. A. Jameson, Warren S. Bogue, Chauncey Stickney, Paul Cornell, Dr. A. B. Newkirk, Charles Spring, Sr. ; Charles Sprinp. Jr., and Dr Jonathan A. Konnicott. In 1859 Dr. Kennicott moved to Madison ave. and Forty-eighth st. and called his place Kenwood, after 462 GUIDE TO CHICAGO. Kenwood, near Edinburgh, Scotland, where his mother was born. Kenwood Club is the social Mecca of Kenwood. Although there is a deal of enter- taining at private houses, all the families belong to the club, and its weekly entertainments are always counted on and allowed for on the social calendar. There are at present 350 members of this club. [See Kenwood Club.] Kenwood Institute is located here. [See Kenwood Institute.] Kenwood is bounded on the West by that magnificent avenue known as " Drexel boule- vard," and is contiguous to Washington Park. It is a beautiful section of the city and worthy of a visit. The proper way to view it is by private con- veyance. It can be reached by the Cottage Grove ave. cable line. The pri- vate residences of Kenwood are among the finest in the city. Among the most noticeable mansions are those of Charles Counselman, Greenwood ave. and Fifty-first St.; W. E. Hale, Drexel blvd. and Forty-sixth St.; Martin A. Ryerson, Drexel blvd. and Forty-ninth St.; William H. Burnet, Kimbark ave. and Forty-seventh st., and Dr. Almon Brooks, 5653 Lake ave. Lacton. Situated on the Chicago, Burlington & Quincy railroad, 23 miles from the City Hall. LaFox. Situated on the Galena division of the Chicago & North- Western railway, 40 miles from the City Hall. A hunters' rendezvous. LaOrange. Situated on the Chicago, Burlington & Quincy railroad 14 miles from the city hall, and 6 miles from the city limits, is the largest subur- ban town on the line between Chicago and Aurora, having nearly 5,000 inhabitants. There are two stations in the village, one at Fifth, and the other at Stone Avenue. The railroad service is of the best, the distance from the Union depot being but 27 minutes, with 42 passenger trains a day, which stop at LaGrangc. This most important feature of being nearer the city hall in point of time, than most of the aristocratic residence districts within the city, has been one of the principal elements in the development of LaGrange. The town has large water works and electric light systems, and every house is fully supplied with all city conveniences. Lying as it does, 66 feet above lake datum, every portion of the village is given a most healthful and sani- tary location, which has been rendered the more secure by the completion at great expense of an unusually fine drainage and sewerage system. Unlike most suburban towns, LaGrauge has a large commercial interest. There are a number of fine business blocks and well stocked store sot all kinds. So sharp is competition in all lines of business, that the people of LaGrange are enabled to buy goods at Chicago prices This, together with the fact that there is a large farming community to supply, makes business in LaGrange lively and flourishing. Added to all this LaGrange is, as its inhabitants love to call it, the " Garden spot of Cook county." It is, as it were, an oasis in the prairie. Double rows of shade trees lining either side of the streets, and almost hiding the houses from view, are its greatest beauty and attraction. Evergreen hedges and artistic shrubbery abound, lending beauty and effect. LaGrange is far famed for the wealth of its stately elms and graceful maples, which make its drives and walks the artist's joy. The social features of LaGrange. its cultivated society, and the fraternal and enterprising spirit of its citizens, and the active support given the six prosperous churches (which include all the principal denominations) together with the exceptional educational advan- tages furnished through its high schools and graded gramrner schools offer- ing every opportunity to the young, are great inducements to those seeking THE ENCYCLOPEDIA. 463 ideal homes. The architectural designs of the houses are pleasing and varied. Many of the houses give evidence of wealth, and the majority bespeak for their owner's comfortable circumstances. LaGrange Park is beautifully situated near the village on the banks of the Des Plaines river, and should be visited by all desiring pretty scenery, and recreation in a beautiful dell. LaVergne. Situated on the Chicago, Burlington & Quincy railroad, 10^ miles from the City Hall. A small suburb. Lake. Situated on the Michigan Central railroad, 85 miles from the City Hall. Lake Bluff. Situated on the Milwaukee division of the Chicago & North-Western railway, 30*4 miles from the City Hall. This place is con : ducted after the manner of Chautauqua. During the summer there are frequent gatherings of religious, temperance and literary people on the beau tiful heights which overlook Lake Michigan. There are splendid hotel accommodations here. Lake Forest. Situated on the Milwaukee division of the Chicago & North- Western railroad, 28^J miles from the City Hall, on the north shore of Lake Michigan. The early history of the ground which it covers is full of Indian romance, and associated with events of great importance in connection with the settlement of the West. The forces of General Scott marched along this territory and pitched their tents beneath the leafy expanse of the forest during the Black Hawk War of 1831. It was at that time that the famous old warrior had his soldiers remove the underbrush and blaze the trees, thus con- structing the first roadway from Chicago to Green Bay. It was then tortuous and uncertain in its course. It still remains the highway to the west of the railroad, and is called the Green Bay or old Waukegan road. Of the later history of Lake Forest few of its inhabitants, it is safe to say, have an ade- quate knowledge. Like Evanston, the town owes its beginning to the estab- lishment of a university. Unlike Evanston, the university once established did not tiecome the life of the town, nor has it in any way been responsible for its growth. [See Lake Forest University.] Of Lake Forest much might be said. Its natural beauties are such as can be appreciated only when seen. Imagine yourself on a bluff which rises abruptly from the water's edge to a height of 100 or more feet. To the east is the broad expanse of blue water. North and south, as far as the eye can reach, is nothing to obstruct the view. Turning around and looking westward the scene changes. Along the bluff and close to its precipitous descent are magnificent dwellings, sur- rounded by spacious lawns, adorned with luxuriant flower beds. A few steps to the westward and the lake is hidden from view. You are in the midst of as beautiful a forest of trees aa you have ever seen. At one time it must have been well-nigh impenetrable. Only a sufficient number of trees have been removed to allow of building and beautifying. Lakeside. Situated on the Milwaukee division of the Chicago & North- Western railroad, 17J^ miles from the City Hall. A new and pretty suburb. Lake Villa. Situated on the Chicago & Northern Pacific railroad, 51^ miles from the City.Hall. Here is located a magnificent summer resort hote^ erected by Mr. E. J. Lehman, of this city. It is the point at which many .of the Fox Lake pleasure-seekers stop, or leave the road for the beautiful lakes in this vicinity. 464 GUIDE TO CHICAGO. Lemont. Situated on the Chicago, Alton & St. Louis railroad, 25^ miles from the City Hall. Immense building stone quarries are operated here. [See Great Industries.] Libertymlle. Situated on the Chicago, Milwaukee & St. Paul railway, 32 miles from the City Hall. Linden Park. Situated on the Galena division of the Chicago & North- Western railway, about 6^ miles from the City Hall. A small suburb within the limits. Lisle. Situated on the Chicago, Burlington & Quincy railroad, 26 miles from the City Hall. Lockport. Situated on the Chicago, Alton & St. Louis, and Chicago, Santa Fe & California railways, 37 miles from the city. This is the point at which the new drainage canal works will end, so far as the management of the sanitary district of Chicago is concerned. [See Drainage and Ship n1.1 Lombard. Situated on the Galena division of the Chicago & North Western railway, 20 miles from the City Hall. Madison Park (Fiftieth Street). Situated on the Illinois Central rail road, 6.13 miles from the City Hall. HANDEL. A pretty suburb on theJChicago & Northern Pacific Railroad, 6 miles from the Court-house. Take train at Grand Central depot, Harrison st. and -Fifth ave. This place has grown in population and importance lately. R. W. Hyman, Jr., & Co., 184 Dearborn st., are agents for property at Man del, and will give intending purchasers all necessary information Manhattan. Situated on the Wabash, St. Louis & Pacific railway, 40 miles from the City Hall. Maple Park. Situated on the Galena division of the Chicago & North- Western railway, 50^ miles from the City Hall. Maplewood. Situated on the Wisconsin division of the Chicago & North- Western railway, 4^ miles from the City Hall. Marley. Situated on the Wabash, St. Louis & Pacific railway, 30 miles from the City Hall. Matteson. Situated on the Illinois Central railroad, 28J miles from the City Hall. Maynird. Situated on the Chicago, St. Louis & Pittsburgh railroad, near Joliet crossing, 32 miles from the City Hall. Maywood. Situated on the Galena division of the Chicago & North- West- ern railway, 10 miles from the City Hall. Maywood is the chief village of the township of Proviso, and is quite a manufacturing town. The Des- plaiues river flows along its entire eastern boundary, and the town site is twenty-five feet above the level of the river and seventy feet above the level of the lake. Its history goes back twenty years, when the site of the town was a trackless prairie and was known as the Niles farm. The Desplaines river adds greatly to the natural beauty of the place. Its course at this point is winding. Its banks on either side are undulating and well wooded. The stream is deep enough at all seasons of the year to THE ENCYCLOPEDIA. 465 admit of boating. The town itself gives one the impression of a miniature forest in the center of a broad expanse of prairie. The trees planted over twenty years ago have matured and now lend their shade and attractiveness to the streets and lawns. The educational, social and religious advantages of the place have made May wood a very popular suburb. McCaffrey. Situated on the Chicago & Grand Trunk railway, 11 miles from the City Hall. Melroae. Sitnated just west of Maywood on the Galena division of the Chicago & North- Western railway, about ten and a quarter miles from the City Hall. Millers. Situated on the Lake Shore & Michigan Southern railway, 30 miles from the City Hall. Mokena. Situated on the Chicago, Rock Island & Pacific railway, 80 miles from the City Hall. Monee. Situated on the Illinois Central railroad, 34J^ miles from the City Hall. Mont Clare. Situated on the Chicago, Milwaukee & St. Paul railway, 10 miles from the City Hall. Montrose. Situated at the crossing of two double track main line rail- ways, at the junction of the Evanston cut-off and the Chicago & North- Western and West Chicago Bolt line, 7^ miles from the City Hall. The town was founded in the fall of 1870, just one year before the great Chicago fire, the railway companies being interested in its early formation. Montrose is delightfully located. It is the exact geographical center of the town of Jefferson, May fair postoflice being the central distributing point tor the sur- rounding settlements. It is fifty feet above the lake and thirty feet above the north branch of the Chicago river, which affords splendid drainage, and like many others of the older suburbs it is fast ripening into a most beautiful place by the growth of the trees which were set out by its founders. Moreland. Situated on the Galena division of the Chicago and North- Western railway, about 6 miles from the City Hall. A pleasant little hamlet within the limits. Morgan Park. A suburb of 2,500 inhabitants, including many represent- ative business men of Chicago. It is thirteen miles from the Court-house", and is just outside the city limits, which form its northein and eastern boundaries. By being outside the city it controls its own improvements, keeps out the -saloons and escapes city taxes. Situated upon the highest part of the famous Blue Island Ridge, which is in marked contrast to the surrounding level land, it has an elevation of 100 feet above Lake Michigan, and commands a view of the whole surrounding country. On account of the elevation, the broken character of the land and the profusion of shade trees, it has natural beauties unsurpassed by any land in Cook county. While Morgan Park is essentially a residence suburb, it is the geographical centre of the great industrial region of Calumet, which comprises South Chicago, Harvey, Pullman, West Pull- man, and many other manufacturing districts. Morgan Park is, therefore, not only available to the men engaged in commercial pursuits in the business portion of Chicago, but is the natural residence locality for the whole Calumet region, which is probably developing more rapidly than any other manufac- turing and industrial community in the world. 466 GUIDE TO CHICAGO. A notable feature of Morgan Park is its educational institutions. The University of Chicago, which will open next October, has located its prepara- tory school at this point. It has absorbed the Baptist Theological School and the Illinois Military Academy, and will spend $150,000 in erecting additional buildings. The University is richly endowed, and expects within a few j'ears to rival the oldest and best universities in the East. The Chicago Female College at Morgan Park is a young ladies' school of the first order. It is taxed constantly to the limit of its capacity The Quakers are at present negotiating, with every prospect of success, for ground at Morgan Park on which to build a $40,000 school, and establish a general headquarters for the society throughout the United States. In addition to the colleges there are excellent public schools, and a handsome public library, well stocked with choice books. Morgan Park has already four churches, namely, Baptist, Methodist, Episcopal and Congregational. The Presbyterians are endeavoring at present to raise money to build them a suitable place of worship. The water and sewer systems are excellent. All the dwellings are sup- plied with water from two artesian wells, which have a capacity far in excess of the present demand. The sanitary conditions are unexcelled. The eleva- tion of the land affords perfect drainage, with no possibility of malarial dis- eases incident to flat localities with imperfect sewerage. The railroad accommodations are good, and are improving each year. Both the main line and the branch of the Rock Island road pass through Mor- gan Park, and run eighteen trains a day each way. The New Chicago Central road, which has just been completed and will be in operation as soon as spring opens, belongs to the Northern Pacific system, and is a double-track suburban road of the first order. Through a combination of the Baltimore & Ohio, Chicago Central and Rock Island railroads, Morgan Park will have a direct connection with the World's Fairgrounds during the Exposition. In addition there are three projected electric roads which will connect Morgan Park with the surrounding suburbs. It is also extremely probable that the South Side elevated railroad will be extended to Morgan Park. The present railroad fare to the city is 9 7-10 cents a ride on a commutation ticket. Morgan Park has passed the experimental stage, and has entered upon an era of prosperous growth. During the last year there were built over fifty new residences, two handsome business blocks and two new depots. Another business block, to cost over $70,000, is now being built and will be completed about the 1st of May. The town'board has recently passed an ordinance, and the first of the contracts have been let, for over ten miles of street improve- ments, comprising water, sewer and macadam. These improvements will complete the drainage and paving systems of Morgan Park, and will form the most perfect system of street improvements of any suburb of Chicago. The prices of property are low. They have kept pace with the growth and development of the suburb, but have not been inflated by any unhealthy boom. The rapid advance will come this year, owing to the large number oi buildings completed hast season and the greater number to be built this year, the extensive street improvements, the opening of the new college and the completion of the new railroad. Morton Park. Situated on the Chicago, Burlington & Quincy railroad, 6} miles from the City Hall. Its history dates back to 1888, and the town owes its origin to a syndicate which purchased the land, and has spared no expense in making it a delightful place. Prominent among the syndicate were P. B. Weare, John Cudahy, James E. Booge, John H. Hurlbut, O. F. THE ENCYCLOPEDIA. 467 Wolf and C. C. Rubins. It is twenty : tbrec feet above the level of the lake, and trees of all kinds have been planted which will in time give ample shade to the streets. The town took its name from ex-Governor Morton, of Nebraska. For so young a suburb Morton Park is provided with more than the usual amount of improvements. All the streets arc, macadamized and con- nected with thecity gassystem Its elevation is such as to make the drainage problem an easy one. Its contiguity to the business portion of the city and the excellent suburban service of the Chicago, Burlington & Quincy road are two things that add to the popularity of the town. Mount Forest. Situated on the Chicago, Alton & St. Louis railroad, 16% miles from the City Hall. Mount Greenwood. Situated on the Chicago & Grand Trunk railway, 16% miles from the City Hall. Mount Prospect. Situated on the Wisconsin division of the Chicago and North- Western railway, 20 miles from thu City Hall. Napermlle. Situated on the Chicago, Burlington & Quincy railway, 30 miles from the City Hall. This was the nearest settlement to Chicago ia 1830. Mr. Stepheu Scott, afterward a banker of the place, settled therein that year. During the following two years a number of families arrived by way of the lakes, passing through Chicago. Among them was a Mr Naper, for whom the town was named. At that time a number of the immigrants viewed the site of Chicago with disfavor, and really believed that Naperville would grow to be the more important place of the two. Mr. H. W. Knickerbocker settled in the village in 1833. The place did not grow as was expected but it has been for many years the center of a settlement of sturdy yeomen, and among its citizens are many of the pioneers of Illinois. It is now a beautiful suburb of Chicago; has a number of handsome mansions, charming grounds and other attractions. New Lenox. Situated on the Chicago, Rock Island & Pacific railway, 34 miles from the City Hall. Normal Park. Situated on the Chicago & Erie railway, 7 miles from the City Hall. Here isjiocated the Cook County Normal School for the education of school teachers.* North Evamton. Situated on the Milwaukee division of the Chicago & North- Western railway, 13 miles from the City Hall. A part of the suburb of Evanston. Norwood. Situated on the Wisconsin division of the Chicago & North- Western railway, 10% miles from the City Hall. Oak Glen. Situated on the Chicago, Milwaukee & St. Paul railway, 17 miles from the City Hall. Oakland (Thirty-ninth st.). Situated on the Illinois Central railway, 4.59 miles from the City Hall. Oak Lawn. Situated on the Wabash, St. Louis & Pacific railway, 14 miles from the City Hall. Oak Park. Situated on the Galena division of the Chicago & North- Western railway, 8% miles from the City Hall. One of the most beautiful suburbs Ij'ing to the west. There are many elegant houses and handsome churches here. The avenues of the village are shaded by trees and the lawns present a delightful appearance in the summer. 408 GUIDE TO CHICAGO. Oak Woods. Situated on the Illinois Central railroad, 9J^ miles from the City Hall. [See Oak Woods Cemetery.] Orchard Place. Situated on the Cliicjgo & Northern Pacific railroad, 20% miles from the City Hall. Orland.- -Situated on the Wabash, St. Louis & Pacific railway, 23 miles from the City Hall. Palatine. Situated on the Wisconsin division of the Chicago & North- Western railway, 27 miles from the City Hall. An old and handsome suburb. Park Ridge. Situated on the Wisconsin division of the Chicago & North- Western railway, 13% miles from the City Hall. Park Side (Seventieth st.). Situated on the Illinois Central railroad, 8% miles from the City Hall. Pine. Situated on the Lake Shore & Michigan Southern railway, 22% miles from the City Hall. Prairie View. Situated on the Chicago & Northern Pacific railroad, 34% miles from the City Hall. Prospect Park. Situated on the Galena division of the Chicago & North- Western railway, 22% miles from the City Hall. Pullman (One Hundred and Eleventh st.). Situated on the Illinois Cen- tral railroad, 13% miles from the City Hall. [See Pullman, under heading " Great Industries. '] Racine, Wis. Situated on the Milwaukee division of the Chicago & North-Western railway , 68 miles from the City Hall. A large and prosperous town. Manufactures of various kinds are carried on here. The town is beautifully located on the north shore of Lake Michigan. Population, 1890, 21,022. Ravcnswood. Situated on the Milwaukee division of the Chicago & North- Western railway, 5 miles from the City Hall. Its contiguity to the city makes it a very desirable residence suburb for Chicago people whose business demands their close attention. The town had its origin in the formation of a syndicate organized in 1868; L. A. Willard. Martin Van Ajlen, Judge G. M. Wilson, D. A. Jones, S. Hodges, C. P. Leland, C. T. Brown, A. F. Seer- berger and M. Ladel being its principal promoters. The town was named after a village in New Jersey. Ravenswood has nothing in its history to par- ticularly distinguish it from other suburban towns. Until 1886 it gave no promise of becoming so populous and popular a suburb. But few houses were built by the syndicate. Mr. Leland was at that time auditor of the Michigan Southern and Northern Indiana roads, and through him scores of lots were sold to the employes of the road. M-iny of them had hardly settled there when they were compelled to move The road consolidated with the Lake Shore and the general offices were moved to Cleveland, Ohio. This depopulated the town and it became a veritable " deserted village." Follow- ing closely came the panic of 1873, leaving it deader than ever. It remained so until the country intervening filled up and the city expanded. Annexation did wonders for Ravenswood. Since that eventful time the town has been given most all the modern improvements. Every street has been macada mized and presents a broad, pleasant and shad y thoroughfare. The town has been connected with the Lake View gas system. The Lake View High School is located at the southeast corner of the town. It is one of the completest c. 7. s o r N H ! THE ENCYCLOPEDIA. 469 schools in outfit and thoroughness of training in the country. Besides this there are two excellent graded schools. Four denominations have found homes in Ravenswood and have built fine houses of worship. In 1882 the citizens formed a public library association and built a two-story, plain stone, library building. It now contains a well-selected library, which is open to the public every evening. There is a hall in the building that is used for public entertainments. Ravinia. Situated on the Milwaukee division of the Chicago &~North- Western railroad, 21^ miles from the City Hall. Redesdale. Situated on the Chicago & Grand Trunk railway, 40 miles from the City Hall. Rfwdes. Situated on the Chicago & Northern Pacific railroad, 13> miles from the City Hall. Richton. Situated on the Illinois Central railroad, 29^ miles from the City Hall. tiidgdand. Situated on the Galena division of the Chicago & North- Western railway, about 8 miles from the City Hall. This is a charming suburb and one that is growing rapidly. Rioerdale. Situated on the Chicago, St. Louis & Pittsburg railroad, 20 miles from the City Hall. River Forest. Situated on the Galena division of the Chicago & North- western and the Wisconsin Central railways, beside the Desplaines river, 9 miles west of the City Hall; founded about 1855. In 1860 the first school- house was erected and Miss Prances Willard was made teacher. Through her instrumentality a Sunday-school was established, which resulted in the organ- ization of a church society and the building of a Methodist church. In 1889, the town attracted the attention of home-seekers and since then it has grown rapidly. Population, 1890, about, 1,000. The location is a beautiful and healthful one, eighty feet above the lake. It is literally a town built in a forest. Not only are the streets made inviting by the double rows of elms and oaks, but the houses are almost, without exception, hidden from view by forest trees, some of them four feet in diameter. A complete system of sewerage has been put in and all the streets are paved with Lombard gravel. Most of the streets are eighty feet wide, but River Forest has seven avenues running east and west that are 100 feet wide, for the distance of one mile. The build- ing lines are strictly adhered to and iiot a house but is set back eighty feet from the road. Rioer Rirk. Situated on the Chicago & Northern Pacific railroad, 15J miles from the City Hall. Riverside. Situated on the Chicago, Burlington & Quincy railroad, and beside the Desplaines river, 12^ miles from the City Hall. This is one of the most charming of Chicago's suburbs. It was laid out on the "Improve- ment Plan " just before the financial panic of 1873; Mr. David Gage, at the time treasurer of the city of Chicago, and a number of prominent capitalists being interested in the enterprise. Avenues, sewered and paved with asphal- tum, wound in semi-circles and serpentine curves through the virgin forest. Gas and water works were provided. A number of handsome mansions were erected, and it was part of the general plan that no residences costing less than $25,000 should be built, in the suburb. The panic came, however, before the investment began to make returns; Mr. Gage was discovered to be short 470 GUIDE TO CHICAGO. in his accounts with the city, and stock in the Riverside Company became a drug in the market. About the same time, rumors to the effect that River- side was troubled with malaria were current, and many of those, who had taken up their residence there, deserted their homes and moved back to the city. The grand hotel was allowed to remain unoccupied, as were the hand- some residences, for years. Decay set in. The gas works were dismantled, and, until 1880, property at Riverside could be bought for a song. About that time, however, a new movement in the direction of the beautiful suburb set in, and since then the place has more than recovered from its set-back. Many prominent and wealthy citizens of Chicago now reside there. The location is picturesque and has proved to be perfectly healthful. Rockefeller. Situated on the Chicago & Northern Pacific railroad, 40^ miles from the City Hall. Romeo. Situated on the Chicago, Santa Fe & California railway, 41% miles from the City Hall. Rosalind. Roseland joins Pullman at Indiana ave. (See birds-eye-view). It was one of the lirst settlements west of Lake Calumet, being originally an agricultural community. It was known as "The Holland Settlement," and the appellation fitted to a charm, as its first settlers were sturdy, indus- trious immigrants from the vicinity of Rotterdam and Amsterdam, who arrived in 1848. The post-office was originally called Hope post-office, but in 1873 it was changed to Roseland. The location was excellent and under the efforts of the sober, industrious settlers the little colony flourished. It also continued to receive accretions from Holland. The colonists established a church and a school-house and pursued a peaceful existence without exciting incident for many years. Along in the "70's" the first subdivision was made. In 1880 Pullman was located, and since that time James II. Van Vlissingen and Arthur Van Vlissingen laid out the main subdivisions, and put several hundred acres upon the market, initiating a movement by which Roseland to-day has 6,000 population who enjoy every good that city life affords, as it was annexed to Chicago in November, 1890. The geography of the region makes Roseland the home of the artisan. He is attracted by a double magnet work at the adjacent huge manufactories and a high and dry and healthy location for a home, for Roseland offers a combination rarely met with in the Calumet region the manufactory and home site siJe by side. Undoubtedly the sturdy Hollanders knew what they were about when they settled at Roseland away back in 1848. Hollanders are generally supposed to take kindly to low ground. Perhaps they desired a change; at any rate they picked out almost the highest land in the region for miles around, for Roseland is situated on a north and south ridge about a mile west of the shore of Calumet lake. The country between Lake Michigan and L-ike Calumet is very low, but the land on the western sliore of Lake Calu- met rises steadily and suddenly at Roseland loan elevation of thirty feet; quite a respectable altitude for Chicago, which is scoffed at by some jealous critics as bcina; "flat as a pancake." A survey of the map enforces the proposition by no means a new one, that the future of this district, lying to the west of Calumet Lake, is more promising than that of any other locality in the whole Calumet region. Not only has nature been lavish, but, situated as Roseland is, on the great thoroughfares leading direct from the heart of Chicago State and Halsted streets among others it is in the direct line of future elevated, cable and electric roads. In fact several pro jected"L" roads run through this THE ENCYCLOPEDIA. 471 territory. It is already splendidlj equipped with railroad facilities. On its eastern border runsthe Illinois Central Railroad, with its magnificent suburban service. Almost through its center run the Pau Handle, the Chicago & Eastern Illinois and the Chicago & Western Indiana Railroads. Over the hitter's tracks it makes connection just to the north with the Belt Line, of which system the Chicago & Western Indiana is part, and thus with every railroad entering Chicago. Roseland is thus provided with both passenger and freight facilities unexcelled. It now has 107 passenger trains per day to ar.d from Chicago. Roseland has police and fire protection and schools. There is no trouble about perfect drainage, no expense for filling streets and no special assessments for cosily curb walls. Every home owner can have his own cellar. Fifteen thousand feet of watermains arebeingputin Roseland streets, making a total of three miles. Contracts have been let to commence the erection of one of the handsomest public schools in Chicago, to cost $75,000. This school will contain sixteen rooms and an assembly hall, and will be constructed of pressed brick and stone. Nowhere within the city limits is there greater activity in building operations than at Roseland. Thcchurchesaie as follows: Baptiit, Swedish Church, Dutch Reformed. First Rt formed, Dutch Reformed, Christian Reformed, Dutch Reformed, Bethany Church (English), Evangelical Lutheran, German, Evangelical Lutheran, Swedish. Evangelical Free Church, Swedish, Methodist Episcopal, Grace Church, Presbyterian, Roman Catholic, Church of the Holy Rosary, Roman Catholic, St. Nicholas (German), Roman Catholic, St. Louis (French), Bethesda Norwegian and Danish Lutheran Church, Salvation Army, Seventh Day Adventists and sects having no church building. Sag Bridge. Situated on the Chicago, Alton & St. Louis railroad, 21% miles from the City Hall. The scene of one of the most dreadful railroad accidents that ever occurred in this State. Sherman. Situated on the Chicago & Grand Trunk railway, 13J miles from the City Hall. Silver Lake. Situated on the Chicago & Northern Pacific railroad, 61)^ miles from the City Hall. A summer pleasure resort. South Chicago. Situated on the Illinois Central, Chicago, Rock Island & Pacific and Baltimore & Ohio railroads, twelve miles from the City Hall, within the limits. A great manufacturing center. A part of the Illinois Steel Com- pany's works are located here. There are immense manufactories, docks, etc., in the vicinity. [See Great Industries.] South EngUwood. Situated on the Rock Island and the Eastern Illinois railroads, between Eighty third and Ninety-second sts., north and south, and Stewart ave. and Robey st., east and west. The location of the town has had much to do with its rapid growth. It is practically a part of the city proper, its center being the junction of Ashland ave. and Halstedst. Immense improve- ments have been made during recent years. It is well paved, sewered and lighted, and has many elegant homes and business houses, schools and churches. South Evanston. Situated on the Milwaukee division of the Chicago & North- Western railway and on the Evanston division of the Chicago, Mil- waukee & St. Paul railway, eleven miles from the City Hall, on the north shore of Lake Michigan. There aretwostations, " Calvary," the station for the prin- cipal Roman Catholic Cemetery of the city, and South Evanston proper. One of the prettiest of the suburbs. It is distinct in government and character from Evanston, although the two villages meet and mingle with each other, the 472 GUIDE TO CHICAGO. line between them being- simply Ibe width of a street. Unlike Evanston, South Evanston has no " institutions," the only public building in the place being the Old Soldiers' Home, now used as a girls' industrial school. [See Training School for Boys and Girls.] It is purely a village of homes. South Evanston has a mile frontage on the lake, just where the shore makes a graceful bend toward the town. Situated thus it affords an unobstructed view from any point. The topography of the country is such as to afford an excellent town site. Commencing at the lake shore the land rises gradually and gracefully till it reaches an elevation of twenty-five feet at Chicago ave. From Chicago ave. to Ridgeave. is another rise of twenty- five feet. Had the land been made to order it could not have been better suited for a complete aiid effective drainage system. In I&o8 the population of South Evanston was in the neighborhood of l,5uU. In 1891 it was nearly 4,000. The late Gen. Julius White was the founder of South Evanston. After the great Chicago fire the firm of Warren Keeney & Co. made extensive improvements in the town, erecting a large number of very fine residences for which, at the time, there was no market. This firm borrowed money at a high rate of interest to maintain its invest- ments, but was finally compelled to surrender everything. The costly resi- dences remained tenantless for a number of years and many of them went to ruin. By the time South Evanston took on its new growth they were too old- fashioned to meet the requirements of the new residents, and they have fallen into the background or disappeared to make room for the mare modern dwell- ings of the place. The failure of the Warren Keeney investment was a ter- rible blow to the village, and it did not recover from it for several years. It has been growing, at times, slowly, but always steadily and substantially since 1880, and it now ranks among the most popular suburbs on the North- Western system. The village has a splendid water and sewer system ; its streets are well paved, and public improvements are constantly under way. The water and electric light plants are owned by the village government, which is vested in a board of trustees. There are four handsome churches here Methodist, Episcopalian, Presbyterian and German Catholic and two large public school buildings. Sheridan Road runs through the entire length of the town, and ample provision has been made for a beautiful park on the lake shore. Nearly all the streets are eighty feet wide and the alleys twenty. The lots are fifty feet front by from 175 to 200 feet deep. The residences are not elegant, but nearly all are neat and comfortable. [The village voted to unite with Evanston, Feb. 20, 1892. Sic " Evanston, City of."] South Lawn. Situated on the Illinois Central and Chicago & Grand" Trunk railways, 23}- miles from the City Hall. South Lynnc. Situated on the Chicago, St. Louis & Pitlsburg rail- road, 11 miles from the City Hall. Spring Bluff. Situated on the Milwaukee division of the Chicago & North Western railway, 45 miles from the City Hall. Stnne Wood. Situated on the Illinois Central railroad, 24 miles from the City Hall. Stough. Situated on the Chicago, Burlington & Quincy railroad, 19> miles from the City Hall. Summerdale. Situated on the Milwaukee division of Ihe Chicago & North-Western railway, about 6i< miles from the City Hall. There is a cotton factory here which employs a large number of girls. Summit. Situated on the Chicago, Alton & St. Louis railroad, 12 miles THE ENCYCLOPEDIA. 473 from the City Hall, on the Desplaines river. This is where the celebrated "Long" John Went worth farm is located. It was formerly quite a fishing resort. Sycamore. Situated on the Galena division of the Chicago & North- Western railway, 60 miles from the City Hall. Thatcher's Park, Situated on the Chicago & Northern Pacific railroad, 12% miles from the City Hall. A picnic resort. Thornton. Situated on the Chicago & Eastern Illinois railroad, 2Z% miles from the City Hall. Tolleston. Situated on the Baltimore & Ohio, Lake Shore & Michigan Southern, Michigan Central, and Pittsburg & Fort Wayne railroads, 25 miles south of the City Hall. This is destined to become one of the greatest of Chicago's outlying industrial towns. It is the proposed site of the new stock yards projected by Armour, Swift, Morris & Co. [See New Stock Yards.] Tracy. Situated on the Chicago, Rock Island & Pacific railway, 13 miles from the City Hall. A manufacturing suburb. Tremont. Situated on the Chicago, St. Louis & Pittsburgh railroad, 9% miles from the City Hall. Trevor. Situated on the Chicago & Northern Pacific railroad, 59 miles from the City Hall. Turner. Situated on the Galena division of the Chicago & North-West- ern railway, 30 miles from the City Hall. A large country town, well built and handsomely laid out. Many Chicago people reside here. Upwood. Situated on the Chicago, St. Louis & Pittsburgh railroad, 15 miles from the City Hall. Warrenton. Situated on the Chicago, Milwaukee & St. Paul railway, 37 miles from the City Hall. Washington Heights. Situated on the Chicago, St. Louis & Pittsburg railroad ("The Panhandle"), 16 miles from the City Hall. Washington Heights has been recently annexed to Chicago. This suburb is situated just north and a little east of Morgan Park, so close that the skirts of the two villages meet. Though its history as an incorporated town dates back but a few years, the settlement is one of the oldest in Cook county. The adrni rable shipping facilities have begun to attract manufacturing interests to Washington Heights. About one year ago the Chicago Bridge and Iron Com- pany, a consolidation of the Kansas City and Rochester (Minn.) companies, located there. The town is not lacking in churches and social features. The social element is dominated by the Tracy club, which has an elegant build- ing. The finest residence in the town is that of R. C. Givens.Esq., on Tracy aveuue. It is built after the order of an old feudal castle. There are many other elegant residences in the town, however. A visit to Washington Heights will repay the stranger. Waukegan. Situated on the Milwaukee division of the Chicago & North- Wcstern railway, 35% miles from the City Hall. This is a large town. Many professional and business people of Chicago reside here. There are some beautiful grounds and private residences in Waukegan and vicinity. Waukcsha. Situated on the Galena division of the Chicago & North- Westeru railway, 104% miles from the City Hall. One of the most celebrated 474 GUIDE TO CHICAGO. pleasure and health resorts in the United States. Can also be reached by Wis- consin Central and Chicago, Milwaukee & St. Paul railroads. Population, 1890, 7,475. Wayne. Situated on the Galena division of the Chicago & North- Western railway, 35 miles from the City Hall. Wentworth. Situated on the Chicago, Santa Fe & California railway, miles from the City Hall. West Ridge. A surburban village near Evanston recently organized. It has come into prominence by reason of the attempt made there to open places for the sale of liquor, it being within the prescribed four mile limit of the Northwestern University. West Roseland. Situated on the Chicago & Eastern Illinois railroad, about 12 miles from the City Hall. Western Springs. Situated on the Chicago, Burlington & Quincy rail- road, 17 miles from the City Hall. Wheaton. Situated on the Galena division of the Chicago & North- West- ern railroad, about 25 miles from the City Hall. A thriving town. Wheeling. Situated on the Chicago & Northern Pacific railroad, 29} miles from the City Hall. Whiting, Indiana. This is one of the most important manufacturing suburbs in the vicinity of Chicago. Situated almost directly adjoining South Chicago, on the line of the Baltimore & Ohio, Lake Shore & Michigan Southern and the Pennsylvania Railway systems, and served by the Calumet Terminal Road. These unusual facilities lor bringing in raw material and shipping out the manufactured products with cheap fuel, would build up alone a great manufacturing town. Lying on the Lake shore wiih a natural harbor, only thebuilding of piersis needed to unload the traffic of the laki s on her docks, and add cheap water freights to her unsurpassed railroad connections. Situated almost directly adjoining South Chicago, it will for all practical pur- poses soon be a parl of this great city and participating in its advantages. Already Whiting is the chief supply point of fuel oil, the Standard Oil Co. having erected here their most extensive works, and tha largest refinery in the world. The stills of this mammonth concern will have, when completed next March, a daily capacity of 25,000 barrels of oil. Before that time the officials of the Standard Oil Co. state they will employ fully two thousand more men. As the trains now carry every day over a thousand men to and .from South Chicago, where they are compelled to find lodgings and homes, it can be seen what an impetus will be given to the growth of Whiting in at once providing homes for this army of toilers. Already a system of water works has been put in and plans laid for building a large city. Those who have carefully watched the progress of the times are fully aware that fuel oil is rapidly superceding coal as well as natural gas. The smoke nuisance is the greatest objection to coal, while the uncertainty of natural gas wells have sadly depreciated its value as a desirable and reliable fuel. With the use of oil as a fuel, one of the greatest and most far reaching reforms of the times was inaugurated a few years ago. Investigation and experiments soon showed that oil was cheaper, cleaner, more reliable than coal, besides producing better results. THE ENCYCLOPEDIA. 475 Fuel oil is a partially refined petroleum divested of all explosive qualities and retaining the heavier properties which render it desirable for fuel only, or. in other words, a distillate made from crude petroleum especially for burn- ing purposes. The hydro carbon burner, used by most manufacturers, takes a lower grade of oil, or crude petroleum itself. Only scientists or mechanical engineers have a correct conception of the amount of heat evolved by oil when in a state of combustion. Anthracite coal compares with fuel oil as follows : The combustion of one pound of coal will raise the temperature of 60 pounds of water from 32 to 212 degrees, while the combustion of one pound of fuel oil will make the same change in temperature of 90 pounds of water, thus favor- ing oil in the proportion of 50 per cent, over coal. The gas vapor produced is in appearance like natural gas when burning and will produce units of heat sufficient to melt cast iron or steel. The oil, when in a state of combustion, produces little smoke and no ashes, yet the heat is as decisive and genuine as the heat from anthracite coal in a blast fur- nace. Before fuel oil could come more generally into use many obstacles had to be overcome. Furnace grates had to be modified, and a number of patent devices were introduced to secure thorough consumption and uniform heat. All the difficulties were speedily surmounted, however, and it costs very little now to change a coal furnace into an oil consumer, and the economic results are invariably surprising. Advantages of fuel oil over coal and even natural gas are many and great. The heat can be made as steady as gravity. There is no loss of heat by opening the doors and covering over the fire with fresh fuel, or admitting a cold blast of air to reduce the heat. The fire may be extinguished immediately, and there will be no bed of coals to smoulder or waste away. There is no loss of heat, as with coal, in passing up the chimney in the shape of smoke and gases. The output, from the steadiness of the heat, is greatly improved in quality as well as in quantity in many manufacturing establishments, such as salt, iron and steel works, gas works, paper mills, brick yards, etc. On the score of economy oil is immensely superior to coal. From 2^ to 3 barrels are equivalent to a ton of the coal generally used for steam purposes. The average price of steam coal is $2; the city of Chicago pays $2.83 for Pitt sburg. Oil delivered in Chicago is worth 53 cents per barrel. Three barrels, which ordinarily gives the result of a ton of coal, costs $1 .59, or a saving of $1 .24. The question of thesupply of fuel oil is one in which every consumer is interested . On Sept. 30th the visible supply of oil in stock was as follows. Gross stocks held by the Stand- ard Oil Company: BARRELS. Penpsy 1 vania, New York, Eastern Ohio and Virginia oil 1 2,347.3 ) 6 89 Western or Lima oil 24,124,39154 Gross stocks held by other companies: Pennsylvania, New York, Eastern Ohio and Virginia oil 1,518,428 96 Western Ohio or Lima oil 1,000,000 CO Total 38,999,13729 The production of oil during September was: BARRELS PER DAY. Pennsylvania, New Fork, Eastern Ohio and Virginia oil M),000 00 Western Ohio and Lima oil 4H,%7 69 Total 128,967 79 These figures are collated from the reports of the Standard Oil Company, 476 GUIDE TO CHICAGO. and from .the various monthly reports of the different oil companies and transportation pipe lines. The Lima (Ohio) oil region contains thousands of acres of oil-producing territory already denned and as yet undeveloped, or only developed so as to protect boundaries and leases. In addition to the vast undeveloped oil fields of Pennsylvania, Virginia, and Ohio, it is well known from experimental tests made by oil producers, as well as from the published opinions of eminent geolo- gists, lhatlndiana, Kentucky, Tennessee, Kansas, Colorado, Wyoming, Dakota, New Mexico, California, and Indian Territory all contain oil producing dis- tricts of extensive area, not yet defined or developed and only awaiting a market to stimulate their development. Then there are the extensive oil fields of Russia, India, South America, and Australia. Taking into consideration the enormous amount of oil yielded by a single acre of oil-producing territory during the life of wells, the estimate that there are ten barrels of oil for every ton of coal among the resources of the earth is not out of the way. No better test of the advantages of oil as a fuel need be given than the experience of the Illinois Steel Company, the largest iron works in the world. This company owns coal mines and coal cars and are of course able to supply themselves at cost; but for four years they have used oil exclusively for all steam and heating purposes, their daily consumption being 5,000 barrels a day, entirely taking the place of coal. Many immense manufacturing concerns have located at Whiting. The town had scarcely a population of~50 in 1890. In 1892 it has over 5,000. The Messrs. Davidson, of Whiting, leading real estate dealers of the town, also publish the Whiting News, in a recent edition of which they say : "The Standard Oil Company, which is admitted by the public in general as the largest and best managed corporation in the world, have recognized this ' years ago. Then the question arising was, where to locate in Indiana and still derive the benefits of Chicago's railroad distributing facilities ? Whiting was selected as the most desirable place to locate the largest and most substantially built refineries in the world, owning a site of 400 acres. Whiting advantages : 1. By the time the plant is completed in its various departments, it will be at the center of population of the United States. 2. It has three trunk lines passing through it into Chicago, and at this point (Whiting) the three lines are joined with each other by the Chicago & Calumet Terminal, which also connects with each of the twenty-five main lines that go out from Chicago, thus making it possible for the company to ship its daily output of 25,000 barrels, when run at full capacity, direct from the yards in the refinery to any point east, west, north and south, in the United States, Canada or Mexico. 3. Whiting is on the lake, and is midway between the proposed East Chicago harbor, and the harbor at Sheffield proposed by the Knickerbocker Ice Company. They are enabled to get their gravel and sand for construc- tion direct from the beach And above all, their five-foot tunnel under the lake gives them an unlimited supply of water at all seasons of the year. 4. Whiting is only two miles from the limits of Chicago, being the near- est railroad center in Indiana. It is seventeen miles from the center of the city, and in easy reach by the suburban trains. There are over fifteen passen- er trains every day carrying passengers to and from the city to Whiting aily. [Engraved for The Standard Guide Company.] SCANDIA HALL, W. OHIO ST., NEAR MILWAUKEE AVE. [See "Scandia Hall."] THE ENCYCLOPEDIA. 477 Wild Wood (One Hundred and Twenty -eighth street). Situated on the Illinois Central railroad, 16^ miles from the City Hall. Willow Springs. Situated on the Chicago, Santa Fe & California and Chicago, Alton & St. Louis railroads, 17% miles from the City Hall. Wilmette. Situated on the Milwaukee division of the Chicago & North- Western railway, fourteen miles from the City Hall, on the north shore of Lake Michigan. The townwascalled afteroneof the earliest French settlers, a man named Ouilmette, and the manner in which the name is spelled now is entirely in deference to its English pronunciation. Af terhaving a sort of Rip Van Winkle existence for years it has suddenly become a popular suburban home. The building of the Milwaukee & St. Paul road gave the town a little start. The Sheridan road again called attention to the beauties of the location. In passing through Wilmette one gains the idea that he is in the midst of a trackless forest. All that can be seen is a house or two and an opening through the forest where the railroad tracks are laid. It is only by a visit, then, that one can see and appreciate its great natural beauty. Its ele- vation is from thirty to fifty feet above the lake. The whole tract is densely covered with a forest of lofty elms which forms one of the chief charms of the place. It has more lake frontage than any town south of it and the beach, instead of being sandy and sloping, is hard soil and rises abruptly to the height of several feet. Winfield. Situated on the Galena division of the Chicago & North- West- ern railway, twenty-seven miles from the City Hall. Winnetka. Situated on the Milwaukee division of the Chicago& North- Western railway, eighteen miles northeast of the City Hall, on the north shore of Lake Michigan. The first plat of the town was made in 1854 by Charles E. Peck and Walter Gurnee. Chicago had not grown enough at that time to make the new town of any value aa a suburban residence place. Quite a number of people, however, were attracted by the natural beauties of the place and settled there. In the Indian language the uume Winnetka means "Beautiful Place." The place had not grown as rapidly as many of its neighbors up to 1888, but since then there has been great activity in property, and several handsome improvements have been made. Like Lake Forest, the site is a bluff commanding a view of the lake along the entire extent of the town. The almost unbroken forest of elm, oak, maple, hickory and other variety of trees is still there. So much in fact remains that it is uniformly impossible to see the houses till one comes abruptly upon them as they stand concealed beneath a leafy canopy. At some points the bluff rises perpendicularly to a height of ninety feet above the lake. Just back of its bald top extends the Sheridan road. Woodlawn. Situated on the Illinois Central railroad, eight and one-half miles from the City Hall. Woodlawn is bounded on the north by Midway plaisance, separated by Sixteenth st. ; on the east by Jackson Park, separated by Stony Island ave. ; on the south by Oakwood Cemetery, separated by sixty- seventh st., and on the west by Washington Driving Park, separated by Cot- tage Grove ave. The location of Woodlawn, nestled as it is among the grandest parks of the city and yet onlythirty minutes' ride from Randolph St., without a saloon within a mile, with a perfect drainage system, excellent schools, and charming residences, makes an ideal town. Worth. Situated on the Wabash, St. Louis & Pacific railway, seventeen miles from the City Hall. 478 GUIDE tO CfllCAGO. RAILROADS AND WHERE THEY LEAD TO. Chicago is practically the terminal point of all the great trunk lines of railway, North, South, East and West, in the United States, the Dominion of Canada and the Republic of Mexico. Nearly all the railway systems of the continent have, either directly or by proprietary connections, sought and obtained an entrance to this city and a share in the immense traffic which centers here. Over ninety thousand miles of railway center in Chicago at the present time. Chicago is conceded to be the greatest railway depot in the universe; more passengers arrive and depart; more merchandise is received and shipped here daily than in any other city on the globe. Illinois, of which Chicago is the metropolis, has the greatest railway mileage of any State in the Union 14,017 miles. Below are the great railway lines which radiate from this center: Atchixon, TopeTca & Santa Fe Railroad. The main stem and parent rail- road of the Santa Fe system. As is the case in other instances, the visitor will seldom hear this great railroad, or the system of which it forms a part, spoken of by its proper title. It is too long for the average American. Hence it is familiarly, popularly and briefly known as the Santa Fe. In stock parlance, however, it is known and quoted in tables, Wall street reports, etc. as " The Atchison." The Santa Fe system, as it exists at present, is one of the grandest railroad combinations on the continent. Total miles of railroad owned and controlled by the company, 6,443.24. To the above must be added railroads controlled jointly with other railroad companies, making the aggregate 7,703.74 miles. DEPOT. All trains over the Atchison, Topeka & Santa Fe system arrive at and depart from the magnificent depot known as Dearborn Station, foot of Dearborn street, corner of Polk street and Third avenue. Here every arrangement is made for the comfort and convenience of the company's pa- trons. There are large and elegant waiting rooms for ladies and gentlemen; attendants are always on hand to render assistance to women and children; depot agents give all required information and see that no mistakes are made by strangers in boarding trains, etc. GENERAL OFFICES. During 1889-90 the office of the president, which had been in Boston, was located at Chicago, on the line, and the president was relieved of the administration of the financial and accounting branches of the service, which were placed distinctively in charge of the vice-president, in Boston, under immediate direction of the chairman and board, thus per- mitting the attention of the president to the operations and general physical benefit of the properties. The general offices of the system in Chicago are located in the Kearsarge building, Dearborn and Jackson sts. Here are located, besides the president and his assistant, the Passenger Traffic Manager, Mr. \V. F. White; the Assistant ^Passenger Traffic Manager, Mr. John J. Byrne; the General Freight Traffic Manager, Mr. J. A. Hanley, and his assistant, the purchasing agent and minor officers. The general operating forces of the system are located at Topeka, Kans. THE ENCYCLOPEDIA. 479 PASSENGER DEPARTMENT. As the visitor will probably have to do with the passenger department exclusively, it is suggested that with reference to arrangements for special cars, special trains, the accommodation of large parties, or the mapping out of special routes or tours, he will call upon or communicate with Mr. W. F. White, Passenger Traffic Manager, or Mr. John J. Byrne, Assistant Passenger Traffic Manager, Kearsarge building, Chicago. POINTS REACHED. The Atchison, Topeka & Santa Fe railroad system extends to all important points and places of interest to the visitor, American or foreign, in the following States and Territories: Illinois, Iowa, Missouri, Arkansas, Kansas, Nebraska, Oklahoma, Indian Territory, Texas, Colorado, New Mexico, Arizona.-California, as well as points in the Republic of Mexico. Take this line at Chicago for Galesburg, Pekin, Peoria, in Illinois; for Fort Madison, in Iowa; for St. Louis, St. Joseph, Kansas City, -Springfield, in Missouri, for Atchison, Topeka, Leavenworth, Wichita, Newton, Dodge , City, Manhattan, Arkansas City, Florence, Pittsburg, Coft'eyville, in Kansas; for Guthrie, in Indian Territory; for Purcell, in Oklahoma; for Gainesville, Fort Worth, Dallas, Paris, SanAngelo, Temple, Houston, Galveston, El Paso, in Texas; for City of Mexico (by connection), Guaymas, Hermosillo, in the Republic of Mexico; for Pueblo, Denver, Colorado Springs, Trinidad, in Col- orado; for Las Vegas, Santa Fe, Albuquerque, Silver City, in New Mexico; for Prescott, Grand Canon of the Colorado river, Benson, in Arizona; for San Diego, National City, Coronado Beach, San Bernardino, Los Angeles, Riverside, Colton, Passadena and San Francisco (by connection). There is probably more variety of scenery, as wellasmore grandeur, to be witnessed in a tour over this system, than on any the visitor can take. The wonderful mountain and valley scenery of Arizona and New Mexico is not surpassed anywhere on earth. The magnificent cactus fields, where every one of the thousands of varieties of that strange plant, from a few inches to twenty or thirty feet in height, may be seen from the car windows; the wild and rugged mountain gorges and canons, the beautiful orange groves and vineyards of southern California, the quaint half Mexican, half Spanish villages and towns the varieties of climate, from the cold winds of the mountain ranges to the salubrious zephyrs of the valleys, all combine to make a journey over the Santa Fe a delightful one for the pleasure-seeker, an essential one for the health-seeker, and a necessary one for the tourist who is desirous of witness- ing the marvelous development of the great Southwest. PRINCIPAL OFFICERS. The principal officers of the Atchison, Topeka & Santa Fe Railroad Company are: George C. Magoun, Chairman of the Board, Boston, Mass.; Allen Manvel, President, Chicago, 111.; Joseph W. Reinhart, Vice-president, Boston, Mass.; A. A. Robinson, Second Vice-presi- dent, Top^ka, Kan.; J. D. Springer, the Third Vice- President, Chicago, 111., Edward Wilder, Secretary, Topeka, Kan.; John P. Whitehead, Comptroller, Boston, Mass.; Edward Wilder, Treasurer, Topeka, Kan. PRINCIPAL. OFFICERS IN CHICAGO. The principal officers of theAtchi son, Topeka & Santa Fe railroad system in Chicago are: Allen Manvel, President; J. D. Springer, Assistant to the President; W. F. White, Passen- ger Traffic Manager; John J. Byrne, Assistant General Passenger and Ticket Agent; J. A. Hanley, Freight Traffic Manager; W. B. Biddle, Assistant Freight Traffic Manager; G. T. Nicholson, the General Passenger and Ticket Agent, is located at Topeka, Kan. 480 GUIDE TO CHICAGO. TICKET OFFICE. The central ticket office of the Atchison, Topeka & Santa Fe railroad system is located at 212 Clark St., near the general Post Office. Here the visitor may purchase tickets to any point covered by the system or its connecting lines, secure sleeping-car berths, and obtain all necessary information regarding the arrival and departure of trains, rates of fare, etc. Here, also, printed matter containing general information regarding the lines covered by the system, time tables, guides, etc., may be had free on application. , Baltimore & Ohio Railroad The oldest of the great trunk lines of the United States. The Baltimore & Ohio Railroad Company was chartered in Maryland, February 28, 1827, and in Virginia, March 8, 1827. In 1852 the total number of miles operated by the company was 379. This great railroad has grown with the nation, has assisted very materially in its development, and has for years been recognized as one of the most important highways across the most populous section of the republic. During the War of the Rebellion it was a factor of prime consequence, and was guarded with jealousy and unremitting care by the Federal Government. In the days of peace, how- ever, its triumphs have been greatest, for it has contributed largely toward the upbuilding of the magnificent territory which it penetrates, as well as to the property of the millions who have settled along its lines. BUSINESS OP THE COMPANY. The Baltimore & Ohio Railroad Company does an annual business exceeding $24,000,000. Its annual operating expenses are over $17,000,000. It carries annually over 14,000,000 tons of freight, and over 10,000,000 passengers. DEPOT. The trains of the Baltimore & Ohio Railroad Company run into the Grand Central passenger station, situated at the corner of Harrison street and Fifth avenue. EQUIPMENT. The Baltimore & Ohio railroad is equipped in a most com- plete and magnificent manner, its trains being among the most elegant arriv- ing at and departing from Chicago. It has over 27,000 cars in its freight serv- ice, over 700 in its passenger service, and 848 locomotives. LINES OPERATP:D. The Baltimore & Ohio Railroad Company operates at present, exclusive of the Pittsburg & Western railroad, control of which has been recently acquired, 1,305.2 miles east, and 645.7 miles west of the Ohio river, a total of 1,950.9 miles. Entrance to Chicago is made over a line from Chicago Junction, a distance of 271 miles. PASSENGER DEPARTMENT. As the visitor will have to do with the pas- senger department of the Baltimore & Ohio railroad oxclugively.it is sug- gested that with reference to the engagement of special trains, special cars, the accommodation of large parties, or the mapping out of special tours, he call upon or communicate with Mr. Charles O. Scull, General Passenger Agent, Baltimore, Md., or with L. S. Allen, Assistant General Passenger Agent, Rookery Building, Chicago. POINTS REACHED. The visitor will take the Baltimore & Ohio railroad for all points in northern Indiana, northern, central and southeastern Ohio, West Virginia, southern Pennsylvania. Maryland, Delaware, New Jersey and New York. Take this line for Defiance, Saudusky, Columbus, Cleve- land, Wheeling, Youugstown, Pittsburg, Johnstown, Cumberland, Washing- ton, Annapolis, Baltimore, Wilmington, Philadelphia, Newark and New York City. Take this line for the magnificent summer resorts of Pennsyl- vania, West Virginia and Maryland ; for the AUeghany Mountain resorts ; THE ENCYCLOPEDIA. 481 for Deer Park, Mountain Lake Park and Oakland, the most healthful, beau- tiful and fashionable summering places in the United States ; for Berkely Springs, for Hagerstown and for the historic battle-grounds of Pennsylvania and Virginia. The Baltimore & Ohio railroad is the scenic line of the country. Its main stem and branches penetrate the loveliest districts of the Southeast, wheYe the traveler is constantly passing from the glories of the mountain into the delights of valley scenery of unsurpassable splendor. In- formation concerning the beautiful summer resorts on this system will be furnished the visitor free on application at the city ticket office. PRINCIPAL OFFICERS, The principal officers of the Baltimore & Ohio Railroad Company are: Charles F. Mayer, president; Orland Smith, first vice-president; Thomas M. King, second vice-president; C. K. Lord, third vice-president; J T. Odoll, general manager; Charles O. Scull, general passenger agent ; all of whom are located in the general offices of the com- pany at Baltimore. The principal officers in Chicago aie: R.B.Campbell, general superintendent of lines west of the Ohio river,ad L. S. Allen, assist- ant general passenger agent, and A. P. Bigelow, general Western traffic agent, No. 212 La Halle street. TICKET OFFICE. The city ticket office of the Baltimore & Ohio Railroad Company is located at 193 Clark street. Here tickets may be purchased to any point covered by the system, or on connecting lines, sleeping-car berths secured, and information obtained regarding the arrival and departure of trains, etc. Here, also, printed matter containing information regarding points of interest and importance along the lines of the road, time tables, etc., may be obtained free on application . TRAIN SERVICE. Train No. 6 leaving Chicago at 2:55 daily is a solid ves- tibuled train of first-class coaches and Pullman buffet sleeping cars from Chicago to Washington and Baltimore, and has Pullman sleeper Chicago to Pittsburg, and day coaches and Pullman buffet parlor car from Washington to New York. Train No. 8 leaving Chicago at 10:10 in the morning, daily, is a solid vestibuled train, Chicago to Baltimore, and has Pullman sleeping car, Chicago to New York, and Pullman buffet parlor car, Washington to New York. Train No. 14 leaving Chicago daily at 6:40 p. M., has day coaches and Pullman sleeper, Chicago to Pittsburg, via Akron acd P. & W. R. II., and Pullm-m sleeper, Cliicago to Cleveland, via Akron and the Valk-y Ry. This train has also day coach and Pullman sleeper, Chicago to Wheel- ing, daily except Saturday. Train No. 4 leaving Chicago daily at 10:25 P. M. ; has day coaches, Chicago to New York, Pullman sleeping car from Chi- cago to Chicago Junction. This train also makes close connections at Chicago Junction with train of first-class coaches for Cleveland and Pitts- burg. Cliicago Central Railroad. This road is now in process of construction from a connection with the Chicago & Northern Pacific railroad, at Ogden avenue, south to Harvey, Illinois. The line runs parallel to Western avenue and about 600 feet west of it. The road curves in a northeasterly direction from Seventy-ninth street to its intersection with the Belt Line just west of the Panhandle road, where it turns and runs directly north aud parallel to the Panhandle until it reaches the Santa Fe and Grand Trunk railroads at Forty-ninth street. At that point it crosses the Panhandle and runs east of that road parallel to it. At Thirty-ninth street or Brighton the road crosses the Panhandle again and makes connection with the Northern Pacific system 482 GUIDE TO CHICAGO. and finds its terminus in the Grand Central Passenger Station on Fifth avenue and Harrison street. This road will run through one of the most impoitant resident districts of Chicago and will make accessible one of the finest tracts of land in Chicago, running as it does from Seventy -ninth south to Blue Island through what is known as the Bluel sland Ridge. It is the intention to operate over this line a most complete suburban service which will, undoubtedly, be under control of the Chicago & Northern Pacific railroad. The road is rapidly approaching completion and trains will probably be running between the Grand Central Passenger Station and Harvey early in the spring. Chicago, Burlington & Quincy Railroad. One of the -greatest railway systems in the world . Its operations extend over the most fertile territory on the North American continent, and its numerous arms stretching out in all directions and forming a perfect net-work of steel, connect and provide com- munication between the thriving villages, prosperous towns and populous cities of eight States of the American Union. The total trackage of the Chicago, Burlington & Quincy acd controlled linesis, in round numbers, 7,000 miles. The earnings of the company during the year 1890 amounted to $35,130,58.5; expenses, $31,795,188, leaving net earnings of $3,335,397. GENERAL OFFICES The general offices of the Chicago, Burlington & Quincy railroad are located in the Chicago, Burlington & Quincy general office building, Adams and Franklin streets, Chicago. LINES OPERATED. The Chicago, Burlington & Quincy railroad system embraces the following lines: Chicago, Burlington & Quincy R. R.; Burling- ton & Missouri River R. R. in Nebraska; Hannibal & St. Joseph R. R. ; Kansas City, St. Joseph & Council Bluffs R. R. ; Chicago, Burlington Galesburg; for Mendota, Rockford, Galena; for Monmouth, Golden and Quincy, and all points of interest in western Illinois; for Dubuque, Iowa; for Prairie Du Chien, La Crosse, and all points in western Wisconsin; for Winoca.St. Paul, Minneapolis, and all points in southern Minnesota; for Cedar Rapids and all points in northeastern Iowa; for Burlington, DesMoines, Cumberland, and for all points in central Iowa; for Creston, Iowa; for Hannibal, St. Joseph, Kansas City and all points in northern Missouri; for all points in Kansas and south- ern Nebraska, including Omaha, Lincoln, Atchison and Leavenworth; for Denver, Colorado; for Cheyenne, Wyoming, and for Deadwood and the Black Hills country. Passengers over the "Burlington Route " are conveyed to all points in the Rocky mountains and the Pacific slope; from San Diego to San Francisco, and from San Francisco to the Puget Sound country. THE ENCYCLOPEDIA. 483 PRINCIPAL OFFICERS. The principal officers of the Chicago, Burling- ton & Quincy railroad are: C. E. Perkins, president, Burlington, Iowa; J. C. Peasley, first vice-president, Chicago: L. O. Goddard, assistant to first vice- president, Chicago; George B. Harris, second vice-president, Chicago; T. S. Rowland, secretary, Boston; J. W. Blythe, eeneral solicitor, Chicago; W. F. Merrill, general manager, Chicago; J D. Besler, general superintendent, Chicago; P. S. Eustis, general passenger and ticket agent, Chicago; Luc'us Wakely, assistant general passenger and ticket agent, Chicago; Thomas Mil- ler, general freight agent, Chicago. TICKET OFFICE. The city ticket office of the Chicago, Burlina r ton r & Quincy railroad is located at 211 Clark street, near the general Post Office. Here the visitor may purchase tickets to any point covered by the system, or on any connecting line, secure sleeping-car berths and obtain all necessary information regarding the arrival and departure of trains, rates of fare, etc Here, also, printed matter relating to points on the system, time tables, etc., may be had free on application. TRAIN SERVICE. The train service of the Chicago, Burlington & Quiucy railroad from Ciiicago is complete. The equipment of all trains is perfect. The time made is fast, but the tracks and road-beds of the system are main- tained in such perfect condition, that the very fastest traveling causes no discomfort to the traveler. The scenery along most of the lines is bright and pleasant. The lines traverse the finest country in America, and touch nearly all the prettiest villages and most prosperous towns of the great corn belt. Following is the train service, which, however, is subject to change: Train No. 11, for Burlington, Council Bluffs and intermediate local points, leave Chicago 11:45 A. M., daily; coaches, between Chicago and Bur- lington. " The Burlington's No. 1," solid vestibule train for Denver, leaves Chicago at 1 P. M., daily; Pullman sleepers, Chicago to Denver; reclining-chair car (seats free), Chicago to Denver; coaches, Chicago to Denver; dining car, Chi- cago to Mt. Pleasant; Lincoln to Robb. Train No. 5, for Council Bluffs, Omaha, Denver, Newcastle, Deadwood, the Black Rills and Nebraska points, leave Chicago at 5:45 p. M., daily; Pullman sleepers, Chicago to Omaha and Denver; reclining-chair cars (seats free), Chicago to Council Bluffs, Omaha and Denver, dining car, Chicago to Mendota, Creston to Omaha; connects at Lincoln with train No. 41, having Pullman sleeper, Lincoln to Deadwood, S. Dak. Train No. 3, for McCook, Omaha and Council Bluffs, leaves Chicago 10:30 p. M., daily; Pullman sleepers, Chicago to Omaha and McCook; reclin- ing-chair car (seats free), Chicago to Omaha and McCook; coaches, Chicago to Council Bluffs. Train No. 15, the "Eli" fast-vestibuled train, for Kansas City, St. Joseph and Atchison, leaves Chicago 6:05 p. M., daily; Pullman sleepers, Chicago to Kansas City, Chicago to St. Joseph and Atchison; reclining-chair cars (seats free), Chicago to Kansas City, St. Joseph and Atchison; coaches, Chicago to Kansas City; dining car, Chicago to Mendota, and Cameron Junction to Kansas City. 484 GUIDE TO CHICAGO. Train No. 15, for Quincy, Hannibal, Denison, Houston and Galveston via M. K. & T. R. R.). No. 15 leaves Chicago 6:05 p. M., daily. Pullman sleepers between Chicago and Dallas, Sedalia and Taylor; reclining-chair car (seats free) between Chicago and Quincy, Hannibal and Sedalia. Dining car between Chicago and Mendota. Train No. 3, for Kansas City, St. Joseph and Atchison, leaves Chicago 10:30 P. M., daily; Pullman sleepers, Chicago to Quincy; reclining-chair car (seats free), Chicago to Kansas City. Train No. 47. solid vestibule train for St. Paul and Minneapolis, via La Crosse, leaves Chicago 6:10 p. M., daily; Pullman sleepers, Chicago to Si. Paul and Minneapolis; coaches, Chicago to St. Paul and Minneapolis; diniiig car, .serving supper fiom Chicago. Train No. 49, for St. Paul and Minneapolis, via La Crosse, leaves Chicago 10:50 P. M., daily, except Saturday; Pullman buffet sleepers and reclining- chair cars (seats free), Chicago to St. Paul and Minneapolis; coaches, Chicago to St. Paul and Minneapolis. Train No. 9, for Rochelle, Rockford, Mendota and Streator, leaves Chicago 4:30 p. M., daily, except Sunday; reclining-chair car (seats free) between Chicago and Rockford; coaches between Chicago and Mendota, Chicago and Streator. Train No. 13, Galesburg, Streator, Rochelle, Rockford and Forreston. So. 13 leaves Chicago 8:50 A. M., daily, except Saturday ; coaches between Chicago and Galesburg, Chicago and Streator, Chicago and Rochelle and Forreston. Train No. 3, for Keokuk, leaves Chicago 10.30 P. M., daily, except Satur- day. Pulhn in sleeper between Chicago and Keokuk. Chicago, Milwaukee & St. Paul Itailway. The Chicago, Milwaukee & St. Paul Railway Company, as it exists to-day, was organized in 1864. The system of railways winch it operates is one of the greatest in the world. Familiarly the line is known as " the St. Paul Road," and as such the visitor will be apt to hear of it frequently during his stay in Chicago and in the West. The miles of track embraced in the system number 6,901.19, as follows: Main track, owned solely by the company, 5,721.40; main track, owned jointly with other companies, 9.17; total length of main track, 5,656.83; second and third tracks and connection tracks owned solely by the company, 73. 67; second and third tracks and connection tracks, owned jointly with other companies, 2.82; total length of second and third tracks and con- nections, 76.49; tracks owned. by other companies, but used by this company under agreements, 4481; yard tracks, sidings and spur tracks owned solely by this company, 1,103.9'3; yard tracks, sidings and spur tracks owned jointly with other companies, 19. 14; total length of yard tracks, sidings and spur tracks, 1,123.06; total miles of track 6,901.19. The lines of road belonging to this company are located as follows: In Illinois, 318.08 miles; in Wisconsin, 1,374.66 miles; in Iowa. 1,553.27 miles; in Minnesota, 1,120.09 miles; in North Dakota, 118.21 miles; in South Dakota, 1,096.82 miles; in Missouri, 140.27 miles. Total lergth of main track, 5,721.40 miles. BUSINESS OF THE COMPANY. During the year ending June 30, 1891, the gross earnings of the Chicago, Milwaukee tfc St. Paul Railway Company amounted to $27.504,224.49, an increase of $1,(98,516.14 over the previous year. The operating expenses were $18,366,500.07, an increase ot $624,712.38 over the previous year. The net earnings were $9,137,724.42. The tons of freight carried were 10,397,235, an increase of 1,104,043 over the previous year. The number of passengers was 7,919,229. 15 s fl> 22 X 3 o-g v) .3 THE ENCYCLOPEDIA. 485 CENTRAL TICKET OFFICE. The central ticket office of the Chicago, Mil- waukee & St. Paul railway is located at 207 and 209 Clark street, near the general Post Office. Here the visitor may purchase tickets to any point covered by this railway and its connections, secure sleeping-car berths and obtain all necessary information concerning the arrival and departure of trains, rates of fare, etc. Here, also, printed matter, containing general infor- mation regarding the line, time tables, etc., may be had free on application. CONDITION OF TRACKS. The tracks of the Chicago, Milwaukee & St. Paul railway are maintained at a high standard of excellence. Of the total mileage, 4.074 77 miles are laid with heavy steel rails, and 1,582.06 with iron. The road-bed is one of the best in the West. Trains on this line make fast time with perfect safely. The road has not had a serious accident on its lines for several years. DEPOT. All trains of fhe Chicago, Milwaukee & St. Paul railway arrive at and depart from the magnificent Union depot, Canal and Adams streets, West Side, near the business center. Take Madison or Adams street car. Here every arrangement is made for the convenience and comfort of patrons. Large and elegantly furnished waiting rooms are provided for ladies and gentlemen. Attendants are always on hand to render any assistance necessary to women and children. Depot agents give all required informal ion, and see that no mistakes are made by strangers in boarding trains. The depot is one of the most complete on the continent. EQUIPMENT, ETC. The equipment of the Chicago, Milwaukee & St. Paul Railway Company is modern and complete. Some of the handsomest vesti- buled trains in the United States are run over this line. Some idea of the equipment may be formed from the following: Number of locomotives available for s< j vice, 801; passenger cars, 352; sleeping cars, 57; parlor cars, 12; dining cars, 10; baggage, postal, mail and express cars, 248; box cars, 17,447; stock , La Salle, DC nver, Colorado Springs, Pueblo and Trinidad, and all intermediate points in Colorado ; for Folsonj Mount Dora, Texline and all intermediate points in New Mexico; and for Washburn, Wichita Falls, Henrietta, Fort Worth and all intermediate points in Texas.- Or tiie visitor will take the Union" Pficitic, via Council Bluffs, Omaba, and Ogden, and, via Southern Pacific railroad, for Sacramento and San Francisco, and all intermediate points. For the latter points the visitor has the choice of going north to Portland and the Puget Sound country, or south to Los Angeles and San Diego, Coronado Beach and National City, either direct or by way of all the beautiful summer and sea-side resorts on the Pacific coast, including Santa Cruz, Monterey, San Miguel, Elwood, Santa Monica, etc. The visitor may visit Portland, Tacoma, Seattle, Port Townsend and Victoria first, and take the Southern Pacific from the first-named city for San Francisco and Southern California, returning by way of Sacramento, and, via Ogden, travel over the Rio Grande railroad to Denver, and thence east, via Kansas City. Or the visitor may take the Union Pacific train at Kansas City direct for Denver, and make connection at Chey- enne or Ogden with trains on the main stem for the Northwest or South- west. Or the visitor, desirous of seeing the greatest mining city on the globe, and the richest city of its size in the world, will be taken from Poca- tello north to Butte and Helena, Montana, and all intermediate points ; or, leaving the main line for Portland, at Pendleton, the visitor will be taken to Spokane, one of the most wonderful cities of the new Northwest. Briefly stated, the visitor has a choice of routes almost without limit over this system of railroads. PRINCIPAL OFFICERS. The principal officers of the Union Pacific Sys- tem are: Sidney Dillon, president, Boston, Mass.; S. H. H. Clark, vice-presi- dent and general manager, Omaha, Neb.; Gardner M. Lane, second vice- president, Boston, Mass. ; E. Dickinson, assistant general manager, Omaha, 510 GUIDE TO CHICAGO. Neb.; James Q. Harris, treasurer, Boston, Mass. ; Alexander Millar, secretary, Boston, Mass. ; C. 8. Mellen, general traffic manager, Omaha, Neb.;J. A. Monroe, general freight agent, Omaha, Neb.; J. H. McConnell, superintend- ent of machinery and motive power, Omaha, Neb.; E. L. Lomax, general passenger and ticket agent, Omaha, Neb. ; J. N. Brown, acting assistant gen- eral passenger and ticket agent, Omaha, Neb. SCENERY ON THE SYSTEM. The scenery along the several lines composing the Union Pacific System is always interesting; at times it reaches the point of indescribable grandeur and beauty. Echo Canon, Utah, on the main stem, is incomparable. The scenery around Denver and Colorado Springs is superb. Nothing can be more, picturesque than the scenery along the Columbia river. The tourist is more likely to be surfeited with magnifi- cent scenery throughout his entire journey than he is to feel the want of it. Mountain and valley, gorge and canon, highland and plain, all have their own attractions for the traveler, and the sensations created in the breast of the lover of nature, as he gazes from a valley rich in summer verdure upon mountain peaks capped with perpetual snow, or from the mountain top, rugged and barren, where the winter blasts send a chill through his frame, on the delightful valleys which lie thousands of feet beneath him, can hardly be expressed in words. TICKET OFFICE. The central ticket office of the Union Pacific railroad in Chicago is located at 191 Clark st., near the general Postoffice. Here the visitor may purchase tickets to any point covered by the system or by its con- nections, secure sleeping car berths, etc., and obtain all necessary informa- tion regarding the arrival and departure of trains, rates of fare, etc. Here, also, printed matter containing general and useful information to the tourist and traveler, time tables, etc., may be had free on application. TRAIN SERVICE. The through train and sleeping car service westward from Council Bluffs (Omaha) and Katfsas City is as follows: " The Pacific Express" leaves Council Bluffs, 6:10 P. M. ; Omaha, 6:30 P. M., daily. Day coaches without change to Ogden; Pullman palace sleeping car, Council Bluffs to Cheyenne, connecting with similar cars for Ogden, Salt Lake City, San Francisco and Los Angeles; Pullman colonist sleepers without change. Council Bluffs to San Francisco and with but one change to Portland. "The Overland Flyer" leaves Council Bluffs, 2:00 P. M., Omaha, 2:15 p. M., daily. Through sleepers, Chicago to Denver, Portland and San Francisco, via Council Bluffs, connecting at Green River with similar cars for Butte; through sleepers. Council Bluffs to Salt Lake; Pullman dining cars, Chicago to Portland via Council Bluffs; Pullman colonist sleepers, Chicago to Port- land, via Council Bluffs. " The Denver Express " leaves Council Bluffs, 9:40 A. M. ; Omaha, 10:00 A. M., daily. Solid train runs through from Chicago to Denver, via Council Bluffs, consisting of smoker, day coaches, free reclining chair cars, palace sleeping cars, and through dining car service; day coaches to Lincoln, Beatrice and intermediate points. "The Pacific Express" leaves Kansas City, 10:45 A. M., daily. Day coaches, free reclining chair cars, Pullman sleepers and Pullman dining cars, Chicago to Denver, via Kansas City; Pullman palace buffet sleeping cars, without change, St. Louis to Denver and Salt Lake City, via Kansas City; Pullman colonist sleepers without change to Portland, and with but one change to San Fran- cisco. "The Western Express" leaves Kansas City, 9:20 P. M., daily. Day coaches without change to Denver; Pullman palace sleeping car without change to Denver and Cheyenne. Wabash Railroad Company. The St. Louis and Chicago line of this THE ENCYCLOPEDIA. 511 system, 286 miles in length, has grcwn in favor during recent years. It passes through some of the prettiest and most prosperous towns of Illinois, including Reddick, Forrest, Gibson, Mansfield, Decatur, Taylorville, Litch- tield and Edwardsville. It crosses the river at St. Louis over the magnificent steel bridge constructed by James B. Eads. The Wabash line is well man- aged, handsomely equipped, and has a large patronage between Chicago and St. Louis. Wisconsin Central Lines. Although forming the connecting link between the Northern Pacific railroad system and Chicago, and although operated by the latter company as lessee, the Wisconsin Central lines, familiarly but incorrectly regarded by the public as the Wisconsin Central railroad, must be referred to separately. In April, 1890, a contract lease was made by and between the Wisconsin Central Company, the Wisconsin Central Railroad Company, and the Northern Pacific Railroad Company, whereby the latter company obtained a lease of all the lines of railroad owned and controlled by the Wisconsin Central lines between the cities of Chicago and St. Paul and Ashland, including the lines of railroad, real estate and terminal facili- ties of the Chicago & Northern Pacific Railroad Company in the City of Chicago, thus giving to the Northern Pacific Company a complete line from St. Paul to Chicago, with ample terminal facilities in the latter city. This combination of interests was deemed by the directors of the Northern Pacific of the utmost importance, as giving access to the City of Chicago by a line of its own ownership and possession, with unsurpassed terminal facili- ties. While the terms of the lease relieves the Wisconsin Central from operating details, it leaves the building of branches, feeders, and all exten- sions of, and permanent improvements upon, the Wisconsin Central lines, to be jointly agreed upon by the lessor and lessee, and to be actually constructed by the Wisconsin Central companies. The development of the land grant and management of the iron properties remain in the exclusive control of the Wisconsin Central Railroad Company. The Wisconsin Central, from its inception, has been peculiarly identified with Wisconsin, its growth and progress. Almost nine-tenths of the mileage of the system is within the borders of that State, and its principal offices are located at Milwaukee. GRAND CENTRAL DEPOT. No visitor to Chicago can escape having pointed out to him among the greatest attractions of the city, the magnificent Grand Central Depot, located at the corner of Fifth avenue and Harrison street. It is one of the best specimens of the highest type of modern archi- tecture to be found in the world. Where this grand pile rises to-day the Bridewell or City prison stood years ago. The site was long given up to stone and coal yards ; it was for years one of the most uninviting spots in the city. The erection of the Grand Central Depot has made it one of the most attractive, and gradually the old buildings, which still stand in the vicinity, are giving place to structures which comport with the dignity and grandeur of the great railroad station. It is more familiarly known as the Wisconsin Central Depot than by any other name, and for that reason a description of it naturally comes here. [See Chicago and Northern Pacific Company; also illustration of Grand Central Depot.] The depot covers an area of three and six-tenths acres. The frontage on Harrison street is 226 feet, and on Fifth avenue, 680 feet. The foundation of the building consists of piling, the length of the piles being thirty feet under the lighter parts, and fifty feet under the main piers and the tower. The total length of piling driven was nine and one-half miles. Each pile under the tower carries a load of 512 GUIDE TO CHICAGO. twenty-four tons. On the top of the piles are boxes of foot-square oak timbers bedded and filled with concrete. Next follows a course of foot-square oak timbers, four inches apart and filled in with concrete. An eighteen-inch con- crete bed topped this, and on this bed the dimension stones are laid. The tower is 236 feet high from the foundation, is twenty-seven feet square, and weighs 6,000 tons. The first twenty-nine feet is built of Connecticut brown stone. There are fifteen stories in the tower, nine of which are used for offices, the upper four stories of these being reached by a special electrical elevator. The Seth Thomas clock is the second largest'in the United States, having a dial thirteen and a half feet in diameter. The hours are struck on a 5-ton bell by a hammer weighing 250 pounds. The pendulum weighs 700 pounds. This clock electrically controls all the clocks throughout the depot. The flagstaff rises nearly sixty feet above the tower. The main waiting room is an enormous apartment, seventy-one feet by 267, with a ceiling twenty-five feet high. The room projects twenty-seven feet west of the office building above, the floors and walls of which are car- ried on sixteen heavy steel columns twenty-four feet long and two and a half feet in diameter. Two hundred and forty incandescent lamps light this noble room. The floor is of Champlain, and the eight and a half foot wainscoting is of Tennessee marble. At the south end of the waiting room is the ladies' parlor, a handsomely furnished room, 32 feet by 40. An eight foot passageway leads from thecenterof the south end to the baggage rooms, and over this passage a double marble staircase leads up to the big dining room, 56x73 feet, on the mezzanine floor. PASSENGER DEPARTMENT. As the visitor will probably have to do with the passenger department exclusively, it is suggested that with reference to arrangements for special cars, special trains, the accommodation of large parties, or the mapping out of special tours, he call upon or communicate with James C. Pond; General Passenger and Ticket Agent, Chicago. POINTS REACHED. In general the visitor will take the Wisconsin Central for all points in the West and Northwest covered by the Northern Pacific rail- road system and its connections. Take this line for Burlington, Waukesha, Fond du Lac.Oshkosh, Neenah, Menasha, Stevens' Point, Chippewa Falls, Eau Claire, St. Paul, Minneapolis, Ashland, Hurley, Ironwood, Bessemer and Duluth. The Wisconsin Central traverses some of the best hunting and fishing grounds in the West, and the tourist will find on this route many of the leading and most popular health and summer resorts in the country. In connection with the Northern Pacific, the Wisconsin Central has through car arrangements of special interest to the traveler. Train No. 1, leaving Chi- cago at 10:45 P. M. daily, has through Pullman vestibuled drawing-room sleeper from Chicago to Portland, via Tacoma ; Pullman vestibuled sleeper, Chicago to St. Paul and Minneapolis; Pullman sleeper, Milwaukee to Stevens' Point ; through Pullman tourist sleeper, Chicago to Portland, via Tacoma and through first and second-class coaches, Chicago to St. Paul and Min- neapolis; first and second-class coaches from Abbotsford to Ashland. Dining car service on this train between Stevens' Point and Chippewa Falls. Train No. 3, which leaves Chicago daily at 5 P. M. . has through Pullman vestibuled sleeper from Chicago to St. Paul and Minneapolis; Pullman Ves- tibuled sleeper, Chicago to Duluth, and Milwaukee to St. Paul and Minnea- polis, first and second-class coaches, Chicago to St. Paul and Minneapolis, and first-class coach, Milwaukee to Duluth. Dining car service on this train between Chicago and Waukesha. THE ENCYCLOPEDIA. 513 Train No. 5, which leaves Chicago at 3, P. M. daily, has parlor car and first and second-class coaches between Chicago and Menasha, and first class coach between Milwaukee and Menasha, Train No. 7, which leaves Chicago daily except Sunday, has first and second-class coaches between Chicago and Eau Claire, and first-class coach between Milwaukee and Stevens' Point. PRINCIPAL OFFICERS. The principal officers of the Wisconsin Central lines are : Henry Villard, chairman of the board, New York ; T. F. Oakes, president, St. Paul, Minn.; N. C. Thrall, assistant to the president, St. Paul, Minn.; James B. Williams, vice-president, New York ; C. H. Prescott, sec- ond vice-president, Tacoma, Wash.; David S. Wegg, general solicitor, Chi- cago; George S. Baxter, treasurer, New York; Robert W. McQuire, local treasurer, Milwaukee, Wis.; S. R. Ainslie, general manager, Chicago; Gavin Campbell, general superintendent, Milwaukee; J. M. Hannaford, general traffic manager, St. Paul ; Henry C. Barlow, traffic manager, Chi- cago ; Jas. C. Pond, general passenger and ticket agent, Chicago ; J. B. Cava- naugh, general freight agent, Chicago. TICKET OFFICE. The central ticket office of the Wisconsin Central lines is located at 205 Clark St., near the general postoffice. Here the visitor may purchase tickets over the line to any local point, or over the system of the Northern Pacific railroad, and to points on all connecting lines, secure sleeping ca.r berths and obtain all necessary information regarding the arrival and departure of trains, rates of fare, etc. Here, also, printed matter contain ing general information with reference to the points covered, time tables, etc. , may be had free upon application. SOCIETIES. There are in the neighborhood of six thousand societies In Chicago. This number comprises associations of every description, from benevolent to secret organizations. There are, besides the American, or societies in which the English language is spoken, several hundred foreign societies of various characters, objects and types. The great number of societies here makes it impossible for a work of this kind to describe them separately and the visitor is referred to the city directory for the list in full, places of meeting, names of officers^etc. The most prominent of the societies are, however, referred to here: Art Students' League. A society compoesd of students of the Art institute. Back Lot Societies of Evanston. Organized for the purpose of giving the boys and girls of Evanston an opportunity of hearing from distinguished men and women the discussion of questions of important current topics. The organization of the Boys' Back Lot Society was fostered principally by Mr. Volney W. Foster, who gave up for the use of the boys a building in the rear of his residence at Evanston, from which fact the title " Back Lot " is taken. Mr. Foster interested many other prominent people in the movement and now the boys' society meets" in larger and better quarters. At the suggestion of Mr. Foster also the Women's Club of Evauston in 1892 took up the matter of organizing a girls' club or society on the same principal. The advisory 514 GUIDE TO CHICAGO. committee, each of whom is to be responsible for three talks, was selected for the first year, as follows : Mrs. Henry Wade Rogers, Mrs. H. B. Cragiu, Mrs. M. C. Bragdon, Miss Alice Blanchard, Mrs. Charles T. Bradley, Mrs. Birney J. Moore, Mrs. T. P. Stamwood, Mrs. Frank M. Elliot, and Mis F H. Kingsley. Bar Association. An organization of the members of the bar of the city of Chicago, the object of which is the elevation of the profession, the sustain- ing of a high code of ethics in practice, the preservation of the dignity and integrity of the judiciary, and the agitation and promotion of needed reforms in the laws aud the procedure of the courts. The officers for 1892 are: Qeo. W. Cass, president; David B. Lytnan, first vice-president; William J. Eng- lish, second vice-president; Howard Henderson, secretary, and E. C. Fergu- son, treasurer. F. A. Smith, Judge Elbert H. Gary, Robert H. McMurtrie, H. W.Jackson, Frank A. Heluier. William A. Purcell, Henry W. Wolseley, Edgar L. J.iyne, Hugh L. Burnham, members of the lard of managers Jatnes Frake, E, W. Adkinson, D. Harry Harnmnr, Chas. E. Pope, Robt. H. McCurdy, Alfred D. Eddy, Nathaniel M. Jones, Henry Browne, Thos. G. Windes, committee on admission. Bohemian Congregation of Free Thinkers. Meets Sundays at 2 p. M., at 74 W. Taylor st. ; president and minister, F. B. Zdrubek. British American Association. There are in Chicago the Illinois State Council and ten branches of the British American Association of the United States. Visiting members consult city directory for location of" branches, etc. President, Gen. M. M. Trumbull; vice-president, Gen. D. McMullan; secretary, A. J. Hodge ; assistant secretary, S.M.Ewert; treasurer, H. Cheatle. Canadian American League. 22, 134 Van Buren st. President, J. Pearson; treasurer, W. Bannerman; secretary, F. C. Shaw. Chicago Academy of Sciences. Founded in 1857, incorporated in 1859. One of the most flourishing of Chicago's societies previous to the great fire, in which it lost a collection of priceless value. After the fire a new building for the society was erected, but the society was compelled to part with it, owing to the heavy debts which it had to bear. Of late years the society has been adding to its collection of birds, mammals, etc., etc., which has been on exhibition in the Exposition building. The removal of that structure will necessitate a change of location. Officers: Dr. E. Andrews, president; B. W. Thomas and Prof. J. H. Long, vice-presidents; Dr. J. W. Velie,*secretary; Prof. W. K. Higley, librarian; and Prof. E.G. Howe, recorder. The trustees are: E. E. Ayer, J. H. McVicker, C. M. Higginson, Joseph Frank, C. F. Gunther, Dr. H. A. Johnson. Chicago Astronomical Society. President, Elias Colbert; secretary, H. C. Ranney ; treasurer, Murray Nelson; director, Professor G. W. Hough, This society was organized in November, 1863. It owns the celebrated "Dearborn University" telescope, the object lens of which was made by Alvan Clark, and which is now in possession of the Northwestern Univer- sity at Evanston. [See Northwestern University.] The instrument has 18% inches clear aperture and a focal length of 23 feet. Chicago Democracy. An organization of the Democratic party in Chicago for campaign purposes. Officers: President, Frank Wenter; vice-presidents, Frank Lawler, C. S. Thornton, and William J. Mangier; secretary, William Fennimore Cooper; assistant secretary, H. L. Bailey; treasurer, Austin J. Doyle; sergeant-at-arms, T. J. Curry, EHcYCLOPEt>iA. 515 Chicago Historical Society. Organized April 24, 1856. At the time of the fire it was a flourishing institution, with a large library and a valuable collection, occupying a building 42x90 feet at the northwest corner of Dearborn avenue and Ontario street. The entire collection, including over 100,000 books, newspapers, manuscripts, etc., were lost in the great fire. Several valuable paintings and the original draft of Lincoln's Emanci- pation Proclamation also perished. The institution has partially recovered, and now occupies a one-story brick building at 142 Dearborn avenue. The late Albert D. Hager was for many years its secretary and librarian, and did much toward rebuilding the institution. The present secretary is John Moses, who receives visitors with courteous attention. The officers are : Presi- dent, E. G. Masoa ; Vice-presidents, Geo. W. Smith, A. C. McClurg; Treas- urer, Gilbert W. Shaw. Chicago Law Club. Composed of leading members of the Chicago bar, who meet for social purposes and to discuss important questions relating to the welfare of the profession, etc. Chicago Law Institute. Chartered by special act of the legislature, February, 1857. The charter, as granted, was almost a countsrpart of that held by the New York Law Institute. It was organized as a stock company, with shares at $100 each, subject to an annual assessment of $25. The first officers of the institute were: John M. Wilson, president; Van H. Higgins, vice-president, and Elliott Anthony, secretary. The library, in October, 1871, contained about 7, 000 volumes. It was located in the old Court House and was lost in the great fire. The task of restoring it was immediately begun. It is again located in the Court House and is one of the finest law libraries in the United States. Among the presidents of the Law Institute have been: Judge John M. Wilson, Judge Walter B. Scales, Judge George Manierre, Hon. Van H. Higgins, Elliott Anthony, Judge W. K. McAllister, Hon. Wm. H. King, Hon. James P. Root, John M. Rountree, John N. Jewett, Charles W. Reed, George Payson, Lambert Tree, Sidney Smith, Julius Rosenthal, Robert Hervey and George Gardner. Julius Rosenthal was for years the libra- rian, and to him the institute is greatly indebted for the judicious care exer- cised by him in the purchasing and procuring of books, and the members of the institute, in order to show their appreciation of his services, at the annual election in 1879, voted him an honorary member for life. Among those who took a prominent part in the organization of the institute were: Sanford B. Perry, George Manierre, James P. Root, William H. King; John A. Thompson and Ira Scott. The membership of the institute includes nearly all of the reputable lawyers of the city. All lawyers have access to the library at a nominal annual membership fee. In addition to building up and sustaining a law library, the institute takes an active part in proposing amend- ments to the laws and reforms in their execution. Officers: John Barton Payne, president; Robert E. Jenkins, first vice-president; Charles H. Aldrich, second vice-president; W. H. Holden, treasurer; Julius Rosenthal, librarian; Frederick W. Packard, secretary. Board of managers: John H. Hamliue J. K. Edsall, W. C. Niblack, Henry B. Freeman, Robert H. McMurdy, N. M. Jones, E. W. Adkinson, W. M. Low, M. D. Ewell. Assessment of mem- bers, $15 for 1891. Chicago Orchestral Union. Organized December, 1890, for the promo- tion of music. Incorporators: C. N. Fay, N. K. Fairbank, A. C. Bartlett, E. B. McCagg and C. D. Hamill. This is the corporation under whose direction the Theodore Thomas Orchestra is employed. [See Thomas Or- chestra.] 516 GUIDE TO CHICAGO. Chicago Philatelic Society An association of stamp collectors and con- nected with the National Philatelic Association. Gives an annual banquet and holds frequent meetings. Officers: P. M. Walseiffer, president; W. Jan- sen, vice-president; A. L. Pierce, treasurer; C. E. Levern, secretary; A. P. Hosmer, VV. C. Hurzerg, Samuel Leland, governing board. Chicago Society of Decorative Art. 200 Michigan avenue. Officers: Mrs. J. Y. Scainmon, president ; Mrs. John N. Jewett, vice-president ; Mrs. Dud- ley P. Wilkinson, treasurer ; Miss Emma C. Kellogg, secretary ; Mrs. T. B. Blackstone, Mrs. S. M. Nickerson, Mrs. Charles Henrotin directors ; Mis. John J. Glessner, chairman of membership committee. Chicago Turngemeinde. Officers: Louis Nettelhorst, president; George Schmidt, vice-president; Emil Blocli, corresponding seeietary Charles Dur- and, recording secretary; Edward Fit Ider, treasurer; Emil Homan, cashier; Gustav Houser, book-keeper; II. Herzberg, librarian; A. G. Hambock, first turnwart; Fred Hess, second turnwart; A. La Thomas, first property clerk. F. Emerick, secoud property clerk. Columbian, Association. Principal object the improvement of the home through the enlightenment of housekeeping as to scientific sanitation, relative value of various foods, and the most hygienic and economical method yet dis- covered of preparing them. There has been some concern lest \\oman should, as their horizon widened, rush as a mighty, one-mii,d(d multitude out from their homes and leave the hearthside deserted. The widespread and enthusi- astic interest which has been awakened by the proposition of the founders of this association to afford housekeepers reliable scientific information which will enable them to conduct their households more successfully shows that women first of all are anxious to improve their homes aiid that with all their gettings they greatly desire to get the undeistanding which will enable them to do so. The association numbers about a hundred members and is really the outgrowth of the committee on household economics of the world's congress auxiliary, of which Mrs. John Wilkinson is chairman and Mrs. Thomas F. Gane vice-chairman. The members of the committee on household economics are elected by the general committee of the world's congress auxiliary and its meetings are open only to its members. The meetings of the Columbian Housekeepers' Association are open to any one interested in their work. The organization is divided into seven committees. There is a committee on sanitary condition of houses, correct plumbing, ventilation, light, heat, etc. The second committee is on intelligence offices and various institutions, of which Mrs J. M. Hill is chairman, and which is devoted to keeping a correct directory of all institutions, together with a short statement of their objects, and also of all intelligence offices, with a statement of the help they can sup- ply. It is the duty of this committee to secure if possible the co-operation of the various Intelligence offices. The third committee, of which Mrs. E. A. Matthiessen is chairman, has charge of collating and arranging information in regard to the work of cook- ing and industrial schools, co-operative laundries and bakeries, training schools for nurses and servants, kitchen gardens and kindergartens and mothers' and nurse-girls' classes, and keeps the association informed in . regard to their work. The fourth committee is on food supply, with Mrs. Anna H. White as THE ENCYCLOPEDIA. 517 chairman. Their work is to prepare for publication each week a list of foods which will make it possible to compare Chicago markets with others and also to furnish lists of seasonable articles of food, menu which will be timely and suggestive, and other interesting matter relating to household economies. The fifth committee is devoted to the dissemination of information in regard to the work of the association. The sixth committee, of which Mrs. Elizabeth Boynton Harbert is chair- man, is devoted to household economics in village communities. Its work Is to formulate plans to simplify housework in village communities; to suggest plans for co-operation in laundries and other work which can be done on this plan ; to discuss plans for profitable market gardening, the production on a small scale of eggs and poultry, and to furnish information on all topics connected with housework. These committees are all well organized and doing systematic and effective work. The officers of the association have opened correspondence with persons who have distinguished themselves in different departments of household economics, and are in this way profiting by the experience of those who have given their entire attention to the subject. The model house, which will probably be built on the World's Pair grounds in the vicinity of the Woman's Building, was suggested by Lucy M. Salmon, of Vassar College. Her idea is to erect a house that shall cost not more than $5,000, as that would come within the means of probably the largest number of persons. The aim would be to furnish an object lesson in the very best scientific draining, plumbing, lighting, heating, ventilation, and, indeed, everything that secures perfect, sanitary condiiions. It will also illustrate all labor saving devices and whatever has been accomplished for the household by science rather than art. It is further proposed that lunches, pre- pared on scientific principles, be served in this house and that the printed bill of fare shall set forth the simple physiological value of each article served, the exact cost of the material used in its preparation, as well as the fuel needed in cooking it. The suggestion is made by Miss Salmon that experts be requested to experiment on a bill of fare for the lunches in this house at once, with the aim in view of obtaining the greatest amount of nourishment from a given amount of food material at the least expenditure of fuel, time and strength. Cymrodorian Society. Called after the famous London Society of that name. Composed of Welsh residents. Organized Oct. 23, 1890. Has no stated place of meeting. Officers: Samuel Job, President; W. E. Powell and D. I. Davies, Vice presidents; Professor W. Apmadoc, Secretary; E. G. Lloyd, Recording Secretary ; Evan Lloyd , Treasurer. The object of the society is to study Welsh literature and to encourage Keltic fellowship and scholar- ship. Dania Society. 345 Milwaukee avenue. Regular meetings, first Sat- urdays and third Thursdays. President, H. Okenholdt; Vice-presidents, C. Mikkelsen, C. C. Hansen; Recording Secretary, J. Hansen. Deutscher Krieger Verein. Meets first and third Sundays, at 2 p. M., 45 North Clark street. President, F. Liudermann; treasurer, F. Zirzow; sec- retary, C. Kessler. Garibaldi Legion. Meets first Fridays, 169 Washington street. Presi- dent, R. Puccini; treasurer, L. Arata; secretary, J. Ginochio, room 18, 95 Dearborn street. 518 fetJIDE TO CHICAGO German Mutual Benefit Association. 24, 206 La Salle street. President, M. G. Good; secretary, S. Wucst, treasurer, F. C. L. Muebike. German Society of Cfiicago. The German Society of Chicago (Deutsche GesellschaftvonChicago,Ill.)wasestablished in the month of May, 1854. under the name of Society for the Protection and Aid of German Immigrants (Huelfs-Verein fuer Deutsche Einwandeier), and owed its origin to the fact that both the vast increase and the growing importance of German immigration to this country called for some means of protection to those immigrants who were ignorant of our language and the peculiar conditions of this country, and who, on that account, might easily be taken advantage of by the dishonest and unscrupulous in ourcommunity. Its first president was George Bormann, and its secretary, George Hillgaertner, who was then and afterwards so favorably known as being among the editorial representatives of the German press of this country, one of the most earnest advocates of republican institu- tions. The society numbered 250 members during the first year of its exist- ence, and was soon recognized by all the leading German citizens of Chicago as one of the most efficient benevolent institutions in the West. The annual reports of the society, always replete with interesting facts and just observa- tions bearing upon the subject of immigration and general relief work, have been the means whereby the society has become known, not only in this country, but also in Germany, as one of the leading institutions of its kind. The society meets at 49 La Salle street. Officers: President, Max Eberhardt; vice-president, Dr. Theo. J. Bluthardt; secretary, Adolph Sturm; treasurer, C. L. Neihoff. Girls' Friendly Society. The Girls' Friendly Society has branches In every part of the city, and though it is non-sectarian its patronesses belong without exception to the Episcopalian Church. Thus there are in connection with every Episcopal Church in Chicago branch societies having reading rooms and rooms for mutual entertainment where working girls may meet several evenings in each week for mental and social recreation. At each of the following churches there are branches of this kind : The Cathedral, St. James, St. Clement's, Trinity, St. Mark's, St. Stephen's, Grace Episcopal Church, St. Thomas' Church of the Epiphany, Church of the Transfiguration, and Church of St. Philip, the Evangelist, at Brighton Park. The principal branch, however, which embraces more than three hundred girls, is that con- ducted by energetic women philanthropists on the North Side in connection with St. James' Episcopal Church. Horticultural Society. Incorporated in 1890. Officers: President, George Schneider; first vice-president, William H. Chadwick; second vice- president, F. C. Vierling; third vice-president, E. G. Uihlein; treasurer, A. L. Chetlain; secretary, J. D. Raynolds; assistant secretary, G. L. Grant. This society was organized for the purpose of giving exhibitions annually and encouraging horticulture in the vicinity of Chicago. ILLINOIS HUMANE SOCIETY: Chartered as Illinois Society for prevention of cruelty to animals by the Legislature of the State of Illinois, March 25, 1869. Prevention of cruelty to children was joined to its work aud the name changed to Illinois Humane Society, July 5, 1877. This important and use- ful society is supported by voluntary contributions. Officers: John G. Shortall, president; George Schneider, treasurer. Office, Auditorium build- ing, room 43, telephone No. 65. Directors and dates of election: George E. THE ENCYCLOPEDIA. 51J> Adams, 1876; J. McGregor Adams. 1889; Philip D. Armour, 1880; Mrs. F. H. Beckwith, 1880; Alson E. Clark, 1891: Belden F. Culver, 1869; John T. Dale, 1891; John C. Dore, 1869; Marshall Field, 1879; Henry L. Frank, 1880; John J. Glessner, 1884; Henry N. Hart, 1879; T. W. Harvey, 1880; Mrs. Wm. G. Hibbard, 1880; Thomas E. Hill, 1882; Albert W. Landon, 1869; Franklin Mac Veagh, 1888; Wm. Penn Nixon, 1886; Ferd W. Peck, 1876; Mrs. Ferd W. Peck, 1878; George Schneider, 1883; John B. Sherman, 1869; John G. Shortall, 1869; Henry H. Shufeldt, 188s>; Otho S. A. Sprague, 1891; Joseph Stockton, 1877; William H. Swift, 1891; David Swing, 1880; Mrs. Elia M. Walker,_1876; Moses D. Wells, 1882. Legislature of 1885 authorized the payment of all fines paid in money imposed through its agency, into its treasury. The total receipts for the year ending April 30, li-91, with balance from preceding year were $9, 199. 51 and the expenses $7,301.41. The society is called on continually for a mul- titude of service outside its legitimate sphere, and is active in giving aid, either material or advisory, to all applicants. To illustrate in part the work of the socity, the following statistics show the summary for the year ending April 30, 1891: Complaints and cases investigated, 3,787; children rescued and condition remedied, 1,315, Children placed in charitable institutions, 567; persons and teamsters reprimanded, 1,262; Horses laid up from work, as unfit for service, 167; disabled animals removed by ambulance, 133; incurable and abandoned animals shot, 500; persons prosecuted for cruelty to animals, 130; persons prosecuted for cruelty to children, 44; amount of tines imposed, $3,375.60. In addition to this summary should be added that portion of work of the society through William Mitchell, state officer, at the stock yards, not included in the above, viz. : Attention to and amelioration of condition, through watering, feeding, etc., of over 16,000 animals. The society has erected in the neighborhood of thirty street fountains through the streets of the city for the supply of drinking water to persons and animals. Complaints are received and examined, whether forwarded anonymously or not, but it requests always that the name of the complainant should be sent to it, for obvious reasons, and the name is never divulged if requested to be kept secret. Contributions to this society's work may be sent to the president or treas- urer or to any member of the board of directors. Illinois Society, Sons of the American Revolution. Composed of descend- ants of the soldiers of the Revolutionary War, and of other participants in that struggle. Officers President, Henry M. Shepard: first vice-president, Willard T. Block; second vice-president, Fernando Jones; secretary, John D. Vandercook; treasurer, David W. Clark; registrar, E. A. Filkins; historian, John T. Long; chaplain, Charles Edward Cheney; board of managers, Fred- erick R. Southmayd, Richard Rohns, John C. Long, James Hyde, Chicago; Charles L. Alley, Rockford; James Montgomery, Peoria; Henry S. Boutelle, Chicago; Richard Dewey, Kankakee; John C. Polly, Horace G. Bird, Chi- cago; J. W. Vance, Springfield; Amory Bigelow, Hobart C. Taylor, Luther M. Shreve, Chicago. Delegate-at-large, Willis G. Jackson; delegates, Ed. A. Hill and F. C. Hale. Illinois State Board of Agriculture. President, La Fayette F. Shirley; 520 GUIDE TO CHICAGO. secretary, W. C. Garrad, Springfield; vice-president (first district), J. I. Pearce, Sherman House, Chicago; treasurer, J. W. Bunn, Springfield. Irish Catholic Colonization Association. Meets first Wednesday in May, and quarterly thereafter, at Grand Pacific; President, Rt. Rev. J. S. Spakling, Peoria; secretary and treasurer, N. J. Onahan, Chicago. Irish National Burial Association. A benevolent society. Officers: President, S. C. Buckley; vice-president, Daniel O'Connor; secretary, John Markey; treasurer, Dennis O'Connor; trustees, M. Fitzgerald, M. J. Kelly, M. Mulcahy, John Dowling, J. J. O'Connell. Luxemburg Unterstuetzungs Verein. Meets second Sundays at 376 W. Twelfth street. Medical Societies. CHICAGO ACADEMY OP HOMEOPATHIC PHYSICIANS AND SURGEONS Meetings first Thursday evening of every month at Grand Pacific Hotel; CHICAGO DENTAL SOCIETY Meets first Tuesdays at 45 Ran- dolph street; CHICAGO ECLECTIC MEDICAL SOCIETY Meets third Wednesday in each month at Grand Pacific Hotel; CHICAGO GYNECOLOGICAL SOCIETY Meets at Grand Pacific Elotel third Friday evening of each month; CHICAGO MEDICAL PRESS ASSOCIATION Meets .it 7 and 9 Jackson ; CHICAGO MEDICAL SOCIETY Meets on the first and third Monday of each month at Grand Pacific Hotel; CHICAGO PATHOLOGICAL SOCIETY Meets second Monday of each month at Warren and Ashland aves.; CLINICAL SOCIETY OF THE HAHNE- MANN'S HOSPITAL Meets at the Grand Pacific Hotel first Saturdays; ILLINOIS STATE BOARD OF DENTAL EXAMINERS 12, 103 State; ILLINOIS STATE BOARD OF HEALTH Meets quarterly at Chicago and Springfield; ILLINOIS STATE BOARD OF PHARMACY (For the examination and registration of druggists); ILLINOIS STATE DENTAL SOCIETY Next annual meeting second Tuesday in May, 1892, at Bloomington; ILLINOIS STATE ECLECTIC MBDICAL SOCIETY; ILLINOIS STATE MEDICAL SOCIETY Next meeting second Tuesday in May, 1892; POST-GRADUATE POLICLINIC OF ECLECTIC MEDICINE AND SURGERY Ada, nw. cor. Fulton; WOMEN'S HOMEOPATHIC MEDICAL SOCIETY Meets second Mondays at 8 P. M., Sherman House; WOMEN'S PHYSIOLOGICAL INSTI- TUTE Meets first and third Mondays (October to April, inclusive) at 3 P. M., at Michigan ave., sw. cor. Van Buren. Moral Educational Society. A society for the advancement of moral edu- cation. Officers: President, Hennillo K. Morris, M. D.; vice-president, Mrs. Hattie Davis; secretary and treasurer, Laura L. Randolph, M. D. ; executive committee, Mrs. A. J. Darling and Mrs. H. C. Garner. Naval Veteran's Association. Officers: Captain, D. B. Hubbard; com- mander, John C. Richberg; lieut. commander, W. L. Orr; lieutenant, J. L. Gooding; chaplain, W. L. Baldwin; surgeon, S. J. Jones, M. D.; paymaster, R. N. Hopkins; srecetary, Jhon J .R yanjquartermaster. Jas. F. Egan. Northwestern Association of Horse Breeders. Officers: President, J ohn L. Mitchell, Milwaukee; vice-presidents, Jackson I. Case, Wisconsin; S. A. Browne, Michigan; W. P. Ijams, Indiana; A. W. Dennison, Kansas; J. D. Creighton, Nebraska; George Sherwood, Minnesota; Judge Walter I. Hayes, Iowa; Ed Martin, Missouri; W. A. Sanborn, Illinois; W. H. Raymond, Montana; Bradford Dubois, Colorado: C. F. Emery, Ohio; A. C. Beckwith, Wyoming. Treasurer, H. D. McKinney, Janesville, Wis.; secretary, Robert Allen, Joliet, 111. [Engraved for The Standard Guide Company.] THE MILWAUKEE AVENUE STATE BANK. [See " Banks, State and Private."] THE ENCYCLOPEDIA. 521 Northwestern Traveling Men's Association. The largest organization of commercial travelers in the world. Officers: President, George J. Keed, Chicago; vice-president* Illinois, Sajnuel Baker; Iowa, Frederick Field; Minnesota, Cyrus Beall; Wisconsin, J. W. Ellsworth; Indiana, W. S. McMil- lan; Missouri, W. H. Cleland; Michigan, P. H. Carroll; Kentucky, Nathan Uri; Kansas, D. E. Good; New York, S. P. Paul; Colorado, W. W. Palmer; Nebraska, James McCord; North Dakota, W. S. Stockdale; South Dakota, J. W. Sheldon; California, James Balfour; Montana, J. C. Masliu; Oregon, S. J. Freedman; Washington, W. W. Powell; Utah, George T. Odell; New Jersey, E. C. Woodward; Texas, A. D. Bradshaw; Ohio, Eric Schulen. Sec- retary and treasurer, C. H. Hinman, Chicago; Directors for two years, F. C. Etheridge, T. J. Garrigan, W. H. Cribben, Conrad Witkowsky, Edward Doyle. Ogontz Association. Founded by the Chicago Alumnte of the Ogontz School in 1891, who conceived the idea, in the name of their alma mater, of a lunch room for self-supporting women. The following plan was adopted : each active member subscribed $10 in annual dues, and each associate member subscribed $15, while many added their gifts of furniture, table furnishings and books. In addition friends and well-wishers added greatly to their con- tributions by placing their names upon the guarantee fund. In February, 1891, all arrangements were finally completed. Two sunny rooms were selected on the thirteenth floor of the new Pontiac building, which stands in the midst of the printing district, on the corner of Dearborn and Harrison streets. One room was tastefully fitted for a reading and reception room, and provided with an excellent assortment of books, magazines and games; also tables, comfortable chairs and a piano. Over this room three or more mem- bers of the Ogontz Association preside daily; one to attend to the books, which may be taken from the library if returned within two weeks, and one to act as'casbier. Others play, sing, or assist in making the lunch hour pleas- ant, and become acquainted with the members of the Lunch Club. A monthly payment of 10 cents entitles any wage-earning girl or woman to full membership, and enables her to obtain a wholesome lunch at small expense. Tea, coffee or milk is sold for 2 cents, home-made sandwiches or rolls or cake for 5 cents. During the^summer ice cream and iced tea are served, aud through the winter hot bouillon is furnished. The light and pleasant lunch-room, which opens from the reading room, is well supplied with neat tables and chairs, muslin curtains and a cupboard for china. At one end stands the lunch-counter, behind which gleam tea and coffee urns. Here each member receives from the matron, assisted by one of the members of the Ogontz Association, her order, accompanied by a check, and is at liberty to seat herself at any table. Many prefer to bring their own luncheon, and desire only a cup of tea or coffee. From 12 to 2 o'clock daily, excepting Sunday, the rooms are filled, the membership having; reached 200, with an average attendance of 100. Officers: Miss Bonnie Withrow, president; Mrs. Louis Lafiin, first vice-president; Mi?s Belle Hughitt, second vice-president; Miss Maud Towle, recording secretary; Miss Katharine Porter, corresponding secretary; Miss Mabel M. Pope, treas- urer. Personal Rights League. Executive Committee : Matt Bpnner, James A. Brucker, F. V. Buschick, W. H. Dyrenforth, A. J. Doyle, Jacob Heissler, Francis A. Hoffmann, Jr., Dr. T. N. Jamieson, Dr. G. T. Lydston, Jacob 522 GUIDE TO CHICAGO. Mauz, Theodore Oehne, Col. Francis W. Parker, C. Herman Plautz, F. H. Rohde, Graeme Stewart, Frank A. Stauber, Henry Steinbeck,. John G. Schaar, James Sullivan, George A. Weiss, Charles H. Wacker. Philosophical Society of Ohicago. Organized shortly after the great fire. Rev. Dr H. W. Thomas, then pastor of the First M. E. Church, being one of its most active promoters. Dr. Thomas drew into council with himself a few of like spirit, and a preliminary meeting was held September 8, 1873, at which a committee on organization was appointed, consisting of Messrs. Dr. H. W. Thomas, A. B. Keith, Dr. T. A. Bland, E. F. Abbott and T. B. Tay- lor. The next meeting was held September 16th, and the final organization was effected October llth, in the rooms of the First M. E. church; and there the society held its meetings for awhile. The course of lectures was begun, even before the constitution was adopted, with a lecture by Col. A. N. Waterman, September 23d, on the influence of Modern Philanlhrophy upon Law. At the same time, the plan was adopted of criticising rach lecture, members of the society offering comments in brief speeches. From the first the society insisted upon perfect freedom of utterance in its lectures and discussions. Its constitution was the simplest possible form of organization, the preamble to which was as follows: "Being profoundly impie&sed with the unity of Truth in its origin, and of its infinite value to man, and being equally impressed with the blinding effects upon the human mind of igno- rance, prejudice and superstition, it has seemed desirable to us (believing the time for such a movement has arrived) to seek the organization of a society, whose sole motto shall be ' What is truth ?' whose members, regard- less of past association preconceived opinions or expressed convictions, shall, in a spirit of simplicity and candor, associate for the investigation of questions that are peculiar to our time, pertaining to human welfare." The member- ship of the society has varied between 100 and 400. Among its presidents have been Rev. Joseph Haven, D. D., Dr. H. W. Thomas, Judge Henry Broth, Gen. N. B. Buford, Dr. Samuel Willard, Dr. Edmund Andrews, Prof. Rodney Welch. Plait Deutsch Vei-ein meets Thursdays at Uhlich's Hall. President, C. Jansen; treasurer, A. Boenert; financial sccretaiy, Geo. B. Tiarks; record ing secretary, H. Richter. Reform Societies. CITIZENS' ASSOCIATION OP CHICAGO, 94 La Salle st. President, J. J. Glessner; vice-president, J. H. Bradley; secretary, J. C. Ambler. CITIZENS' LEAGUE OP CHICAGO, Room 31-32, 116 La Salle st. An association of citizens of Chicago, acting under a special charter, for the purpose of enforcing the laws prohibiting the sale of liquor to minois and drunkards. Officers: President, Israel H. Rumsey; fiist vice-president, C. M. Howe; 50 honorary vice-presidents; fifteen uienibcis of executive com- mittee. E. D. Redingtou, recording secretary; A. L. Coe, treasurer; H J. Hay ward, general agent; C M. Albenson, assistant geLcral agent; C. C. Bonney, general counsel; Gen. I. N. Stiles and Thomas Deut, special counsel. During the year 1891 787 cases against saloon-keepers were prosecuted. Charges were preferred against 1,306 persons. Of these 485 were for selling liquor to minors, and 735 for selling liquor to drunkards and 83 for keeping disreputable houses. Five hundred and ninety-four were fined in the justice courts and ninety-three held to the criminal court. The city received $11,566.10 through tines. The expenses of the league for the last year have been $7,331.69. CIVIL SERVICE REFORM LEAGUE, 107 Dearborn Bt. Presi- THE ENCYCLOPEDIA. 523 dent, J. H. Norton; secretary, F. H. Scott. ILLINOIS TARIFF REFORM LEAGUE, 116-118 Dearborn st. President, Franklin MficVeagh; secretary, C. B. Pfahler. INTERNATIONAL LAW AND ORDER LEAGUE, 114 La Salle st. President, C. C. Bonney. REVENUE REKORM LEAGUE OF COOK COUNTY., 92 La Salle st. President, J. S. Lombard; treasurer, W. A. Bond; secretary, J. C. Ambler. WESTERN SOCIETY FOR THE SUPPRESSION OF VICE, 10 Arcade Court. President, H. D. Penfield; secretary, W. W. Van Arsdale Ridgeicay Ornithological Club. 131 Wabash ave. Officers: President, G. F. Morcom; secretary and treasurer, Henry K. Coale. Secret Societies. Every secret order is represented in Chicago, nearly all of the societies bjing in a flourishing condition. Visiting members of secret societies will consult the city directory for location of lodges, names of officers, etc. Singing Societies. There are a number of large singing societies, " Saenger Bunds," etc., in the eity. Visitors will consult the city directory for location of meeting places, names of officers, etc. Societa Christqforo Colonibo. Meets 4th Sundays, 2 p. M., at 82 W. Madi- son st.; president, G. B. Giannini; vice-president, B. "Basso; secretary, T. Dani; treasurer, C. Ginocchio. Societa, Francaise De Secours Mutual. Meets 1st Fridays, 25 Blue Island ave. President, Eugene La Pointe; secretary, Joseph Bourgean; treasurer, J. Chalifoux. Societa Italiana Unione e Fratellanza. Meets 1st Sundays, 112 Ran- dolph st. President, A. Arata, 664 W. Harrison st. ; secretary, G. Segale. Society for Ethical CutlureA5 Randolph St., 2d floor; lectures every Sun- day, 11 A. M., at Grand Opera House. Soldiers' Home Association. Officers: President,- Mrs. Margaret Vierling; first vice-president, Mrs. 8. J. Wardtier; second vice-president, Maria Cluet; recording secretary, Mrs. Mary Hayues; corresponding secietary, Mrs. M. M. Kyle; treasurer, Mrs. Carrie Tebbetts; directors: Mrs. Margaret Vierling, Mrs Juliette Sine, Mrs. Mary Thiell, Mrs. Maria Cluet, Mrs. Ellen Bridges, Mrs. D. A. Leaverton, Mis. Sophia A. Lincott, Mrs. Mary Bourman, Mrs. Cariie Tebbetts, Mrs. Elizabeth Aubrey, Mis. Mary Strang, Mrs. S. J. Ward- ner, Mrs. Lorraine Pitkin, Mrs. Mary Haynes, and Miss Jennie Bross. South End Flower Mission. Is not a denominational society. Meets each Tuesday at 9 A. M. in the parlors of Memorial Baptist Church, Oakwood boulevard, and carries flowers to every hospital arid charitable institution south of Twenty -second street. The report for the last year shows that 16,437 bunches of flowers and 1,293 books and other reading matter were distributed. Officers. President, Mrs. C. W. Beeman; vice-presidents, Mrs. A. Tuttle and Mrs Alvah Perry, treasurer, Mrs. William A. Comstock; sec- retary, Mrs. H. S. Tiffany, No. 3742 Ellis avenue. St. Andrew's Society. Organized under the name of the Illinois St. An- drews' Society, January 26, 1846. A constitution and the code of by-laws were adopted in 1850, and revised and amended in 1858, and again in 1872, after the great fire of October, 1871. The society was incorporated by special act of the legislature of Illinois in February, 1853. Since the first organization in 1846, the society has never failed to hold its regular anniversary meeting 524 GUIDE TO CHICAGO. on St. Andrew's day. From a weakly child the society has grown into a strong and stalwart man. Members in large numbers have flocked to its standard, and its position has now become so well assured and permanent that no worthy applicant for its bounty is ever turned away with empty hands. But not alone on the living are its benefits conferred. In the ceme- tery at Rose Hill, the society since 1858 has owned a burial place, where the friendless and destitute Scotchman dying in a foreign land amongst strangers is tenderly cared for, and his ashes repose in peace in the grounds and under the shadow of the monument of this most excellent charity, with a stone marked to indicate the spot where he sleeps. The means of the society are derived from the annual subscriptions of the members ($3.00), the fees on initiation ($2.00) and the profits derived from the anniversary dinners on St. Andrews day, and the annual balls given by the society for the benefit of the ladies, as they are not admitted to the annual dinners. Meets first Thursday in February, May, August and November at Sherman House. President, A. C. Cameron; treasurer, Duncan Cameron; secretary, Jas. Duncan. St. Vincent De Paul Societies. There is a St. Vincent De Paul society in every Catholic parish in the city. Visitors will consult the city directory for location, names of officers, etc. State Microscopical Society. Meets second Friday (except June to Sep- tember inclusive) at 184 Wabash ave. President, Plymmon S. Hayes, M. D. ; secretary, Howard N. Lyon, M. D.; treasurer, W. H. Summers. State Council Catholic Benevolent Legion. The Legion has three thousann members in Illinois and is in a prosperous condition. The State Council numbers forty members. Officers : President, M. J-. Keane ; vice-president, William Rogan ; orator, E. J. Walsh ; secretary, J. J. O'Donnell ; treas- urer, A Schneider; marshal, James M. Doyle ; guard, Myles O'Kelly. Temperance Societies. There are lodges of the Good Templar and Sons of Temperance orders scattered throughout the city. Visiting members will consult the city directory for location, names of officers, etc. Turners' Societies. There are a number of Turners' societies in the city, all of which are in a flourishing condition. A new North Side Turner Hall is shortly to be erected. A new hall for the National Turnverein is to be erected at the corner of Laflin and Eleventh sts. Visiting Turners will con- sult the city directory for location of Turner halls, names of officers, etc. Typothebv, The. A society of master printers. Officers: Charles E. Leonard, president; P. F. Pettibone and Fred Barnard, vice-presidents; Thomas Knapp, secretary; Franz Gindele, treasurer; executive committee, C. H. Blakely, chairman, A. McNally, R. R. Donnelley, William Johnson and W. P. Dunn. Union Veteran League. Officers : Jacob Gross, president ; W. A. Hutching, first vice-president ; W. T. Ball, second vice-president ; William H. King, treasurer ; E. J. Burkert, recording secretary ; Samuel Kcrr, cor-' Unione e Fratellanza. An Italian society, and the oldest in Chicago. Its officers are: Angelo Arata, president; Luigi Pinocci, vice-president; Angelo Bacigalupo, treasurer; Giuseppe Segale, Giovanni B. Giannini, financial and recording secretaries. THE ENCYCLOPEDIA. 525 responding secretary; Rt. Rev. Samuel Fallows, chaplain; Charles F. Small, commissary ; Joseph Harvey, marshal ; Thomas A. Parker, quartermaster ; G. Frank White, judge advocate ; Alfred C. Cotton, surgeon ; Frank S. Allen, M. V. Zimmerman and Charles E. Elbby, directors. Union Veteran Legion, No. 102. Officers: Colonel, J. W. Kersey! lieutenant-colonel, John W. Thompson; major, Peter Adler; officer of the day, Patrick McGrath; surgeon, Gen. George Heinzmann; adjutant, N. A. Reed. The League is composed entirely of veterans who served two continu- ous years. None are admitted on hospital or quartermaster records unless they received wounds in action and were enlisted prior to July 1, 1863. United Commercial Travelers' of America. Commonly known as the " U. C. T." A secret organization composed of commercial travelers only; with means of instant recognition at all times, members are enabled to aid each other in many ways as fellow-travelers. As the constitution says of its objects: " To unite frateraally all Commercial Travelers of good moral char- acter. To give all moral and material aid in its power to its members and those dependant upon them. Also to assist the widows and orphans of de- ceased members. To establish an indemnity fund to 'Indemnify its members for total disability or death resulting from accidental means. To secure from all transportation companies and hotels just and equitable favors for Commercial Travelers as a class. To elevate the moral and social standing of its mem- bers. The constitution also reads, referring to membership: "Any male person of good moral character, engaged as a Commercial Traveler (for a term of not less than one year), soliciting orders from samples, catalogue card, price-list, or description, forjcommission, wholesale house, or man- ufacturer at wholesale, may become a member (if found acceptable) upon application in due form, and the payment of an application fee of five dollars, and the quarterly dues of the Council." " Chicago Council " is the name of the body in our city. The order has paid ' ' its members and those dependent upon them " over eleven thousand dollars in the past four years of its exist ence, for injury received or death. Information can be obtained by address- ing Mr. Nate L. Maher, 7013 Yale St., Chicago. Western Amateur Press Association. An association of young journalists. Officers: President, Miss Alice Fitzgerald; vice-president, Theodore B. Thiele; secretary, Alfred J. Robinson; treasurer, Miss Marion Skinner; official editor, J. Herbert Phillips. Western Society of the Army of The Potomac. Officers: President, Col. Freeman Conuor; vice presidents, Capt. John F. Weare, Col. E. R. P. Shurly and Capt. John Lambert, of Joliet; secretary, Capt. Richard Robins; recorder, Capt. William Bye; treasurer, Colonel A. J. Burbank; chaplain, Rev. William White Wilson; surgeon, Dr. J. Vrey.. Women's Press Association. Officers: President, Mary Allen West; first vice president, Mrs. Mary Dye; second vice-president, Mrs. Sallie M. Moses; third vice-president, Miss Anna R. Weeks; recording secretary Mrs. L. Chamberlain Madden; assistant recording secretary, Mrs. Eva Kinney Grif- fith; corresponding secretary, Emily A. Kellogg; assistant corresponding secretary, Mrs. E. J. Abbott; treasurer, Mrs. F. E. Owens; librarian, Miss Dusenberry. 526 GUIDE TO CHICAGO. Woman's Alliance. Composed of representatives from the various women's societies of the city. Meets at the Palmer House on the first Friday of every month. Woman's Exchange. A semi-charter organization for the promotion of the interests of working women. At the last regular meeting of the Exchange Mrs. J. 8. McAuley reported that the Exchange had just closed the most suc- cessful year of its existence, speaking from a philanthropic point, but not from a financial one. By close economy the Exchange had been able to make both ends meet and leave the reserve fund intact. During the year $36,000 has been paid to self-supporting women, being nearly $16,000 more tha-n the amount paid out last year. The number of depositors is now 500, having increased 117 during the year. The art committee reported receiving from sales during the year $2,558.04; embroidery committee, $1,527.99; sewing com- mittee, $1,191.13; crochet committee, $1,266.02; domestic committee, $13, 719.20. Ouly 10 per cent, of the amount received from sales is kept by the Exchange to pay expenses. The rest is paid to the consignors. Officers: President, Mrs. A. A. Carpenter; first vice-president, Mrs. J. B. Lyon; second vice-president, Mrs, 8. R. Howell; third vice-president, Mrs. O. Guthrie; recording secretary, Mrs. J. T. McAuley; corresponding secretaries, Mrs. S.G. Field and Mrs. T. F. Withrow. STATE INSTITUTIONS. A large number of public institutions in Illinois, including prisons, reformatories, hospitals, asylums, etc., are conducted under .the supervision, and maintained at the expense, of the State. They are as follows: Illinois Asylum for feeble-Minded Children. Located at Lincoln, 156 miles south of Chicago. Take Illinois Central or Chicago & Alton railroad. Average daily attendance of inmates about 375. Average age of inmates about 15 years. Annual expenses about $75,000. Illinois Central Hospital for the Insane. Located at Jacksonville, 215 miles south of Chicago. Take Chicago & Alton railroad. Average number of patients about 925. Annual cost of maintenance, $150,000. Illinois Charitable Eye and Ear Infirmary. Located in Chicago, nw. cor. of Adams and Peoria sts. ; take Adams st. car. A handsome structure. The average number of patients per annum treated for diseases of the eye is about 4,000; for the ear about 1,100. Over 50,000 patients have been treated since the opening of the institution in 1858. The expenses per annum are about $30,000. Illinois Eastern Hospital for the Insane. Located at Kankakee, 56 miles south of Chicago. Take the Illinois Central railroad. Average number of patients about 1,500. Ordinary expenses per annum about $250,000. Illinois Institution for the Education of the Blind. Located at Jackson- ville, 215 miles south of Chicago. Take Chicago & Alton railroad. Average number enrolled about 215, of whom about one-third are females. Annual appropriation for maintenance about $120,000. Illinois Institution for the Education of the Deaf and Dumb. Located at Jacksonville, 215 miles south of Chicago. Take Chicago & Alton railroad. Average number of people on the rolls about 600. Ordinary expenses per annum about $125,000, ENCYCLOPEDIA; 627 Illinois Northern Hospital for the Insane. Located at Elgin, 42Jx miles from Chicago. Take Chicago & North- Western or Chiqago, Milwaukee & St. Paul railroad. The number of patients averages nearly 600. The per capita cost of maintenance is about $169. The buildings are large and are being constantly improved. Illinois Soldiers' Orphans' Home. Located at Normal, 124 miles south- west of Chicago. Take*Chicago & Alton railroad. The average number of inmates is about 210 males and 150 females. Annual expenses, about $50,000. This is an educational institution as well as a home for the orphans of Illinois soldiers. Every branch of English common-school education is taught. Illinois Soldiers' and Saitors' Home. Located at Quincy, 264 miles south- west of Chicago. Take Chicago, Burlington & Quincy railroad. Conducted on the cottage plan. Average number of inmates, about 750. Cost of main- tenance, about $175 per capita. Ordinary expenses, about $100,000 perannum. Illinois Southern Hospital for the Insane. Located at Anna, 329 miles southwest of. Chicago. Take Illinois Central railroad. The average number of patients in the institution is about 675. The cost of maintenance per capita is $162. The annual appropriation for maintenance and improvements is about $125,000 Illinois Southern Penitentairy. Located at Chester, near St. Louis. Take Illinois Cential railroad. Average number of prisoners, about 800. Here the convicts are employed, as at Joliet, in all trades, under tho contract system. There are extensive brick yards in the prison. The prison is almost self- sustaining, the average appropriation to meet the deficit being about $50,000. Illinois State Penitentiary. Located at Joliet, 37 miles south of Chicago. Take Chicago & Alton; Chicago, Rock Island & Pacific or Michigan Central railroad. Average aumber of prisoners, 1,400. The prison, through a system of convict contract labor, is almost self-sustaining. The prison itself is built after the manner of American penal institutions generally, although many of the latest improvements have been adopted in the plans of the cell buildings, work shops, etc. From the report of the chaplain for an average year the following interesting facts are obtained : Whole number received during the two years covered by the biennial report, 1,206. Of this number, 843 were not members of any church at the time of their conviction. Of the 363 remaining, 229 were Catholic, 8 Baptist, 4 Christian, 1 Church of Eng- land, 2 Congregationalist, 25 Episcopal, 1 Greek, 3 Jewish, 52 Lutheran, 25 Methodist, 8 Presbyterian, 1 Protestant. 2 Reform, 1 Dunkard and 1 United Brethren. One thousand and ten had attended Sabbath-school; many, of course, only for a brief period and in very early youth, while 196 never had any religious training. The educational records show 108 illiterate, 104 read only, 566 read and write, 338 common-school education and 90 high school. Their habits" of life were: Intemperate, 338; moderate drinkers, 545; abstinent, 323. The social record is as follows: Both parents living, 408; both parents dead, 326; father dead, 303; mother dead, 154; unknown, 15; 241 lost father before 10 years of age; 188 lost father between 10 and 18 years; 154 lost mother before 10 years of age; 140 lost mother between 10 and 18 years; 80 left home under 10 years of age; 273 left home between 10 and 15. The prison has a Sabbath-school, with an enrollment of over 1,000 members; there are Sabbath-afternoon prayer meetings, and there is a library containing about 12,000 volumes. Stone-cutting, barrel-making, harness making, tailor- ing, shoe-making, and, in fact, nearly all trades are earned on inside the walls. Visitors are admitted under certain restrictions. 528 GUIDE TO CHICAGO Illinois State Reform School. Located at Pontiac, 92 miles southwest of Chicago. Take Jllinois Central, Chicago & Alton or Wabash railroads. Average number of inmates, about 325. Cost of maintenance, about f 50,000 per annum. The manual training system is in operation here. The inmates are boys sent by the courts generally on complaint of parents who can not control them. TRIBUTARY CITIES AND TOWNS. The following are the principal cities and towns of the West, Southwest and Northwest, tributary to Chicago, with their distances from this city, the railroad lines by which they may be reached and their respective populations according to the census of 1890: Cincinnati. The largest and most important city in Ohio; county seat of Hamilton Co.; extends along the river a distance of 10 miles; average width, 3 miles; area, 24 square miles. Free public library contains 137,972 volumes and 15,565 pamphlets; reached by Baltimore & Ohio, Cleveland, Cincin- nati, Chicago & St. Louis and Chicago & Erie. Population (1890), 296,309. Cleveland. The county seat of Cuyahoga, Ohio; on the southern shore of Lake Erie, 365 miles east of Chicago. A beautiful and prosperous city, with great commercial inteiests. One of the finest avenues in the world Euclid may be seen here. In Lake View Cemetery the body of the late President Garfield is interred. A monument costing $250,000 has been erected to his memory. Reached by Lake Shore & Michigan Southern, Cleve- land, Cincinnati, Chicago & St. Louis and Chicago & Erie railroads. Popu- lation (1890), 261,546. Columbus. Situated on the Sciota river, 116 miles northeast of Cincin- nati. County seat of Franklin and capital of Ohio. Has large coal, iron manufacturing and general commercial interests. Beautifully situated, well, laid out and handsomely built. Reached by Baltimore & Ohio, Cleveland, Columbus, Cincinnati & Indianapolis and Chicago, St. Louis & Pittsburg railroads. Population (1890), 90,000. Council Bluffs. Situated on the left bank of the Missouri river, in Iowa, opposite Omaha, in Nebraska; on the line of the great continental railway from Chicago to San Francisco; about amile east of Omaha. Two of the finest iron bridges in the country span the Missouri river. Reached by the Chicago & North- Western, Chicago, Rock Island & Pacific, Chicago, Burlington & Quincy and Chicago, Milwaukee & St. Paul railroads. Population (1890), 18,063. Des Moines. Capital of Iowa; county seat of Polk county; 138 miles east of Omaha; 357 miles west of Chicago; comprises an area of 8 square miles; nearly equally divided by the Des Moines river, flowin-g north and south; the west side being again divided by the Racoon river, which here joins the former. On the east side is erected the State capitol on an elevated site, surrounded by a 10-acre park. State library contains 30,000 volumes. Reached by Chi 'ago & North- Western, Chicago, Burlington & Quincy, Chicago, Rock Island & Pacific, Chicago, St. P"aul & Kansas City and Wabash railroads. Population (1890), 50 000. THE ENCYCLOPEDIA. 529 Detroit. Principal city of the State of Michigan; county seat of Wayne county. Detroit stretches along the Detroit river six and one-half miles, reaching back two and three -fourths miles. On the opposite shore is Windsor, Canada. Detroit is one of the most beautiful and most prosperous cities in the West. It has immense manufacturing and railroad interests. Reached by Michigan Central, Chicago & Grand Trunk, Lake Shore & Michigan Southern and Wabash railroads. Population (1890), 205,669. At Detroit is located Victor Colliau's new improved Hot Blast Cupola works, situated at 287 Jefferson ave. The improvements made by Victor Colliau have overcome the difficulties which stood in the way of those engaged in melting iron a few years since. The melting of twenty-five tons at one heat and at a rate greater than three or four tons an hour was unknown, and the melting of three or four pounds of iron with one pound of coke was considered a very satisfactory result. Large castings could not be made and it was considered a great foundry that melted five to six tons a day. The New Improved Patented Hot Blast Cupola has surmounted all difficulties, and Victor Colliau is now melting from sixty to one hundred and ten tons a day, in some of them at a speed of fifteen to twenty tons an hour, and ten to thirteen pounds of iron to the pound of coke. This is a wonderful advance- ment, but Mr. Colliau is now building and will be prepared to show the visitor to Detroit during 1892 a cupola that will melt twenty-five tons per hour. Correspondence is solicited for plans of foundries and the economi- cal working of cupolas, the saving of fuel in melting iron and steel and in the production of steam. Those visiting Detroit who are interested in the iron and steel melting business should seethe works of Victor Colliau. Galena. County seat of Jo Daviess county, 111.; 180 miles west north- west of Chicago. It is the commercial depot of an extensive district; owes its prosperity to the species of lead from which it takes its name, and the mines of which surround it, underlying, more or less densely, an area of over 1,500,000 acres. In 1829 the first load was conveyed overland to Chicago. Galena was for many years the home of Gen. U. S. Grant. Here he worked in his father's tannery and leather store when he offered his services to the country at the outbreak of the rebellion. His old home still stands, and the citizens of Galena have erected a handsome monument to his memory. Reached by Chicago & North- Western and Illinois Central railroads. Popu- lation (1890), 6,403. Galesburg. County seat of Knox county, 111. ; 163 miles west southwest of Chicago, at the junction of branches of the C., B. & Q. R. R.,in a very fertile farming district. Knox College and Lombard College are situated here. Reached by Chicago, Burlington & Quincy railroad. Population (1890), 15,212. Indianapolis. Capital of Indiana; 194 miles southeastof Chicago; altitude, 148 feet above Lake Erie. It extends four miles in length, three miles wide. Public library contains 36,461 volumes. Marion county Court House is in the heart of the city; built of Indiana limestone, interior of iron and marble; is 150x286 feet, and 240 feet to the top of dome. Magnificent new State capitol buiding also here. Reached by Cleveland, Cincinnati, Chicago & St. Louis (" Big Four"); Chicago & Erie, and Louisville, New Albany & Chicago railroads. Population (1890), 125,000. Jackson. Chief city of Jackson county, Mich.; situated en the Grand river, seventy five miles west of Detroit; reached by Chicago & Grand Trunk and Michigan Central railroads. Population (1890), 16,105. 630 GUIDE TO CHICAGO. Jacksonville. Chief city of Morgan county, 111.; about 200 miles south southwest of Chicago. Public buildings include State institutes for the blind, the deaf and dumb. Reached by Chicago & Alton and Wabash rail- roads. Population (1890), 12,357. Kansas City. Second city of the State of Missouri; situated in Jackson county, on the right bank of the Missouri river, 235 miles west by north from St. Louis; 488 miles southwest of Chicago. The river is crossed at this point by a bridge 1,387 feet long, resting on seven piers. Is a great railroad, cattle and commercial center. Was laid out in 1830, but its growth dates from 1860. Reached by Atchison, Topeka & Santa Fe, Chicago & Alton, Cjricago, Burlington & Quincy, Chicago, Milwaukee & St. Paul, Wabash & Chicago, Rock Island & Pacific railroads. Population (I860), 4,418; (1890) 105,000. Keokuk. Chief city, Lee county, la., situated on the west bank of the Mississippi, in the extreme southeast corner of the State (whence its name " Gate City"). A canal, nine miles long, round the lower rapids of the Mis- sissippi, which formerly obstructed navigation, has been constructed by the United States government, at a cost of $8,000,000. Is a port of entry, reached by the Chicago, Burlington & Quincy and Chicago, Rock Island & Pacific railroads. Population (1890), 14,075. Leaoenworth. Largest city in Kansas. Situated on the bluff at the right bank of the Missouri river. In 1854 the first street was laid out; in 1864 the taxable property amounted to $4,103,562. Two miles above the city is Fort Leaven worth. The government reservation has a river frontage of six miles; depth, one mile; reached by Atchison, Topeka & Santa Fe and Chi- cago, Rock Island & Pacific railroads. Lincoln. County seat of Lancaster county, and capital of Nebraska. State University, State Prison, Insane Asylum and Home for the Friendless are all situated here; reached by the Chicago, Burlington & Quincy rairoad. Louisville The most important city in the State of Kentucky; situated on the south bank of the Ohio river, 323 miles east of south of Chicago. The city has an area of thirteen square miles, aiid a water front of eight miles. It is a handsomely Built city, and the most northern of the southern group. The city has large steamboat, manufacturing and commercial int^r- ests. Reached by Pittstmrg, Cincinnati, Chicago & St. Louis and Lo"is- ville, New Albany & Chicago (' ' Monon route ") railroads. Population (1890), 185,756. Milwaukee. The largest city in the State of Wisconsin; situated on the shore of Lake Michigan, eighty-five miles north of Chicago. The Milwau- kee and Menouionee rivers unite in the center of the business portion of the city. A bay six miles from cape to cape, and three miles broad stretches in front of the city, which commands a tine water view. The material used for building is largely the cream-colored brick made in the vicinity, from which Milwaukee is sometimes called the " Cream City." Population (1890), 204,150. Among other things for which Milwaukee is noted are her immense breweries, which find a market for their product in every part of the world. Thecityis beautifully built, and the visitor will enjoy atripup there. Reached by the Chicago & North- Western, Chicago, Milwakee& St. Paul and Wiscon- sin Central railroads, the time necessary being only three hours. THE ENCYCLOPEDIA. 531 THE PLANKINTON. The " Cream City," as it has been named, is noted for its large number of German residents, its immense breweries and the Plankinton House. The Plankinton, a model hotel, is centrally located on Grand avenue, occupying almost an entire block and contains about 450 rooms. The floor of the large office is now being relaid with marble. The reading room is very commodious and contains many handsome works of art in the way of pictures, etc. The billiard room is being refitted and when the alterations and furnishings are completed will be very attractive. Ten fine tables of the Brunswick-Balke-Collender company's manufacture will be placed in this room. Manager Chase always keeps a sharp lookout for the comfort and entertainment of the guests, and that his efforts are success- ful is shown by the large list of daily arrivals' at all seasons of the year. During the past three months Mr. Chase has purchased over twelve hundred choice etchings and engravings, all of which have been very tastily framed, and he is now busily engaged in having them placed in the public and guest rooms throughout the hotel. The idea is a good one and will be appreciated by the patrons of the Plankinton. This hotel is noted for its excellent cui- sine, for which it deserves a great deal of praise, also for the prompt service in the dining re orri. THE PIIENIX LUMRER COMPANY. The Phenix Lumber Company com- menced business as a firm under this name in 1884, and incorporated three years ago. In its infancy it occupied a yard 50x150 feet, was enlarged to 100x325 feet, again to 150x325 feet, and again to 200x325 feet, and this year again enlarged, until now it leases 122,000 square feet, giving it excellent dock and rail facilities. The growth of its yard represents the growth of the hardwood lumber business during the last eight years. They do business in Wisconsin, Illinois, Iowa, Nebraska, Ohio, Indiana, Tennessee, Missouri and Mississippi. It handles about twenty different kinds of lumber, and does ihe largest wholesale hardwood business in Milwaukee. The officers of the company are F. H. White, president; Geo. C. White, Jr., secretary and treasurer. Loca- tion of offices and yards, North Canal street, foot of Seventeenth street. Minneapolis. The county seat of Hennepin county, Minn., situated on both banks of the Mississippi, at the falls of St. Anthony, 420 miles north- west of Chicago. The east side was settled first under the name of St. Anthony, which was incorporated as a city in 1860. The west side settle- ment, named Minneapolis, incorporated as a city in 1867. In 1872 both were united under the name of Minneapolis. The falls supply abundant water power for a number of flour and lumber mills. Minneapolis is one of the most beautiful and prosperous cities in the Northwest. It is magnificently laid out and built in a substantial and tasteful manner. Of later years its growth, population and commerce have been phenomenal. Reached by Chi- cago & North- Western; Chicago, Milwaukee & St. Paul; Chicago, St. Paul & Kansas City; Chicago, St. Paul & Minneapolis and Wisconsin Central railroads. Population (1890), 164,780. Omaha. Largest city in the State of Nebraska, situated on the west bank of the Missouri river, 490 miles west of Chicago. Omaha is practically the Eastern terminus of the Union Pacific railway system; here are located the largest smelting and refining works in the world. The city lias immense puttie, lumber, manufacturing and commercial interests. It has grown 532 GUIDE TO CHICAGO. wonderfully during recent years. Reached by Chicago & North- Western; Chicago, Milwaukee& St. Paul; Chicago, Rock Island & Pacific and Chicago, Burlington & Quincy railroads. Population (1890), 134,742. Quincy. County seat of Adams county, 111.; situated 125 feet above low- water mark on the east bank of the Mississippi, the extreme western point of the State. The river is crossed by a great railroad bridge. By water, Quincy is 160 miles above St. Louis; by rail, 263 miles southwest of Chicago. Reached by Chicago, Burlington & Quincy railroad. Population (1890), 31,478. St. Joseph. County seat of Buchanan county, Mo., and largest city in the northwestern part of that State, 260 miles northwest of St. Louis, 500 miles southwest of Chicago. A beautiful city on the east bank of the Mis- souri river, which at this point is spanned by a bridge. St. Joseph is a great wholesale center and is said to be one of the wealthiest cities in the West. The town is handsomely built. Reached by Chicago, Rock Island & Pacific, Chicago, Burlington & Quincy; Chicago, St. Paul & Kansas City and Atchi- son. Topeka & Santa Fe railroads. Population (1890), about 70,000. St. Louis. Chief city of Missouri, situated on the west side of the Mis- sissippi river, twenty miles below its confluence with the Missouri; 283 miles southwest of Chicago. The extreme length, in a straight line, 17 miles; the greatest width, 6.60 miles; length of river frontage, 19.15 miles; area (includ- ing considerable territory at present suburban in character), 62^ square miles. St. Louis is one of the handsomest cities in America and one of the most progressive. In point of population it ranks the fifth in the United States. There are two bridges across the Mississippi river at this point, one of them being a magnificent steel structure and ranking among the greatest in the world. St. Louis has some beautiful parks and public gardens, magnificent business streets, elegant residences, tine public buildings, and is altogether a city which the visitor should not fail to see. Reached by Chicago & Alton, Illinois Central and Wabash railroads. Population (1890), 460,357. St. Paul. Capital of Minnesota, county seat of Ramsey county, a port of entry, situated on the Mississippi river, 2,150 miles from its mouth, ten miles below St. Anthony's Falls; 360 miles northwest of Chicago. The ground on arhich the city is built rises from the river in a series of terraces. Two lines of steamers ply between St. Paul and St. Louis and intermediate points; the navigable season lastssix months; reached by Chicago & North- Western, Chicago, Milwaukee & St. Paul, Wisconsin Central, Chicago, Burlington & Quincy and Chicago, St. Paul & Kansas City railroads; population, 1890, 133,156. Springfield. Capital of Illinois; county seat of Sangamon county; laid out 1822; selected as State Capital 1837; chartered as a city 1840; 185 miles southwest of Chicago. Take Chicago & Alton, Illinois Central or Wabash train. Principal attractions: State Capitol, erected 1866-68, constructed of Joliet marble in the form of Greek Cross, with portico of granite, 385 feet long, 296 wide; has central dome, surmounted by a lantern with a ball on the pinnacle, 360 feet high; contains a General and Law Library, geological and agricultural museums, State Senate and Representative halls and State offices. Lincoln Monument at Oak Ridge Cemetery, erected 1874, designed by Larkin G. Mead, consists of a granite obelisk, height, 98% feet from center of spacious basement (119} feet long, 72^ feet wide), which contain^ O C JC P O ^ > o. O S jo n 5. 2 > 8' M S. 71 B p ' < ^ ^ CD > r r o O THE ENCYCLOPEDIA. 633 a catacomb in which is entombed the body of Abraham Lincoln, and a memorial hall. A bronze statue of Lincoln and four groups of figures in bronze, symbolizing the Army and Navy of the United States, are arranged around the base of the obelisk. Lincoln's old homestead is also to be seen here. Reached by Chicago, Alton & St. Louis, Illinois Central and Wabash. & St. Louis railroads. Population, 1890, 24,852. Tributary Towns. The following are the towns of Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Michigan and Wisconsin, immediately tributary to Chicago, not included above, with their populations according to the census of 1890: ILLI- NOIS: Aurora, 19,634; Belleville, 15,360; Bloomington, 20,000; Cairo, 14,000; Canton, 5,589; Champaign, 5,827; Danville, 11,528; Decatur, 16,841; Dixon, 5,149; E. St. Louis, 15,156; Elgin, 17,429; Freeport. 11,000; Galena, 6,406; Joliet, 27,407; Lincoln, 6,125; Litchfleld, 5,798; Mattoon, 6,829; Moline, ll,995;Monmouth, 5,837; Ottawa, 11,500; Paris, 5,049; Peoria, 40,758; Rock- ford, 23,589; Rock Island. 13,596; Sterling, 5,822; Streator, 6,120. INDIANA: Anderson, 10,759; Brazil, 5,902; Columbus, 6,705; Crawfordsville, 6,086; Elk- hart, 11,000; Evaosville, 50,674; Ft. Wayne, 35,349; Goshen, 6,027, Hunt- ingtou, 7,300; Jeffersonville, 11,274; Kokomo, 8,224; Lafayette, 16,407; La- Porte, 7,122; Logansport, 13,798; Madison, 8,923; Marion, 8,724; Michigan City, 10,704; Muncie, 11,339; New Albany, 21,000; Peru, 6,731 ; Princeton, 6,494; Richmond, 16,849; Seymour. 5,337; Shelbyville, 5,449; South Bend, 21,786; Terre Haute, 30,287; Valparaiso, 5,083; Vincennes, 8,815; Wabash, 5,196; Washington, 6,052. IOWA: Boone, 6,518; Burlington, 22,528; Cedar Rapids, 17,997; Clinton. 13,629; Creston, 9,120; Davenport, 25,161; Dubuque, 30,147; Ft. Madison, 7,906; Iowa City, 5,628; Lyons, 5,791; Marshalltown, 9,308; Muscatine, 11,432; Qskaloosa, 7,300: Ottumwa, 13,996; Sioux City, 37,862; Waterloo, 6,679. MICHIGAN: Adrian, 9,239; Alpena, 11,228; Ann Arbor, 9,509; Battle Creek, 13,000; Bay City, 27,826; Big Rapids, 5,265; Che- boygan, 6,244; Coldwater, 5,462; Escanaba, 8,000; Flint, 9,845; Grand Rapids, 64,147; Isnpemtng, 11,184; Kalamazoo, 17,857; Lansing, 12,630; Ludington, 7.199; Manistee,'i2,799; Marquette, 9,096; Menominee, 10,606; Monroe, 5,246; Muskegon, 22,688; Negaunee, 6,061; Owosso, 6,544; Pontiac, 6,243; Pt. Huron, 13,519; Saginaw, 46,215; W. Bay City, 12.910; Ypsilanti, 6,128. WISCONSIN: Appleton, 11,8^5; Ashland, 16,000; Beloit, 6,276; Chippewa Falls, 8,520; Eau Claire, 17,438; Fond du Lac, 11,942; Green Bay, 8,879; Janesville, 10,631; Kenosha, 6,529; La Crpsse, 25,053; Madison, 13,392; Man- itowoc, 7,525; Marinette, 11,513; Meuominee, 5,485; Neenah, 5,076; Oconto, 5,221; Oshkosh, 22,753; Portage, 5,130; Racine, 21,022; Sheboygan, 16,341; Stevens Point, 7,888; Watertown, 8,870, Waukesha, 7,475; Wausau, 9,251; Superior, 13,000. WATER TRANSPORTATION LAKE. A large number of steamers ply between this city and points on all of the lakes, and on the St. Lawrence river during the summer season. These in many instances carry passengers. In general, however, the visitor will take the following lines: Graham & Morton Transportation Co. Dock foot of Wabash avenue. Steamers leave for St. Joseph and Benton Harbor daily, at 9:30 A. M. and 11.30 p, M., arriving at St. Joseph at 1:30 p. M. and 3 A. M. " 10 A. M. Sundays only, 534 GUIDE TO CHICAGO. arriving at 2 p. M. Single fare $1. Meals extra. Berths extra on City of Chicago. Daily excursion from Chicago, returning same day, $1. Sunday excursions on the City of Chicago, $1.50. Close connections are made at St. Joseph and Benton Harbor with the Chicago & West Michigan Ry. for points north and east, including all points on the Detroit, Lansing & Northern Ry.; with the Cincinnati, Wauash & Michigan and Vandalia Systems for points south and east. Also with the steamer May Graham for Berrien Springs and other points on the picturesque St. Joseph river. This company does not guarantee to run on the above time, but reserves the right to vary therefrom without notice. J. H. Graham, president; J. S. Morton, secretary and treas- urer; G. S. Whitslar, general passenger agent. This company owns the mag- nificent steel side- wheel steamer City of Chicago and two large, elegantly-fitted propellers. The trip to St. Joseph aud Benton Harbor is a delightful one. On the Michigan side of the lake there are many attractive and healthful summer resorts. Goodrich Line. The pioneer and leading line of lake steamers, compris- ing the most elegant, most modern, as well as the safest steamships which ply Lake Michigan. Founded in 1856 by Capt. A. E. Goodiich, and ten years later incorporated under the laws of Wisconsin. Docks foot of Michigan avenue. The steamers of the Goodrich Transportation Company ply between Chicago and all ports on Lake Michigan and Green Bay, forming regular lines during the navigation season as follows: Racine and Milwaukee, daily morning and evening lines; Sheboygan and Manitowoc, daily evening line; Sturgeon Bay and Menominee, daily evening line; Grand Haven and Muskegon, daily eve- ning line; Green Bay and Manistique, semi-weekly. The latest additions to the fleet, tne steamships "City of Racine," "Indiana," "Atlanta," and the steel twin screw steamship "Virginia," are evidences that the ccmpanyis determined to keep up with the times in providing everything that will add to the comfort and pleasure of the traveling public. The "Muskegon" is a steamer of 900 tons, the "Chicago," "Menominee" and the "City of Luding- ton," 1,000 tons each; the "Atlanta," "City of Racine" and "Indiada," 1,200 tons each; and the "Virginia," the queen of the fleet, 2,500 tons. The "Virginia" is the finest passenger steamship on the Lake. It was built to order by the Globe Iron Works, and is pronounced by the Marine Review (a recognized authority in all matters relating to the construction aud equipment of vessels) to be, not only the trimmest and most elegantly appointed passenger steamship built, but more than that, the finest ship that flies the American flag. The none too extravagent expressions about her yacht-like and sylph-like mold (it adds) are all contained in the fact that her per cent, of fullness or co-efficient is .61, fully .15 less than any large steamer on the lakes, and equal to the finest lined ocean steamship. The dimensions of the hull are 278 feet over all, 260 feet keel, 38 feet beam and 25 feet deep. The water bottom (divided into six sections, three on either side) contains a tank that will hold 4,500 gallons of fresh -water. The hull has six water-tight bulkheads in addition to the collision and stuffing box bulkheads, so that if the boat should be cut squarely in two, both ends would float. On the topmost deck, aft the texes or wheel-house, ate the observation cabins one for gentlemen and one for ladies. The twin screws are turned by two sets of inverted triple expansion engines, each with cylinders twenty, thirty and fifty-two inches by thirty-six inch stroke. Steam is supplied by two double-ended boilers of thirteen feet diameter by twenty- one feet two inches long, having twelve furnaces, and being equal to four THE ENCYCLOPEDIA. 535 thirteen-foot boilers twelve feet long. The engines, making 130 revolutions, will drive the boat nineteen miles an hour. Eight auxiliary engines run the two dynamos, the air pump, pumping machinery, steerage gear, etc. Each state-room has four berths, two of which are contained in the regular berths, but can be pulled out into the cabin. The berths are hung with curtains similar to those of a Pullman sleeper, but of richer texture and of different colors. A scene of oriental splendor is produced by the 800 incandescent lights shining from every nook of the cabins. The dining saloon is located in the forward hole-space, and is reached by a solid mahogany staircase leading from the forward end of the main cabin. The first stairway extends from the cabin to a hallway on the main deck. This hallway is finished in mahogany, and from it the'stairway con- tinues to the saloon. The saloon is about fifty-five feet long, has an average width of about twenty-four feet, and is fourteen feet high. The ceiling is divided into panels about four by six feet, filled with Lincrusta-Walton. and in the center of each panel is an electric light pendant. In addition to these lights three electroliers are hung from the central beam runningfore-and-aft through the saloon. Daylight and fresh air are admitted to the saloonthrough twenty large brass "dead-lights," each of which is concealed from view by a screen of stained glass. An electric light is placed behind each of these screens in such a manner that when the screens are closed and the lights are in operation the effect is that of the most brilliant sunlight passing through the stained glass. This arrangement is entirely original and the result very pleasing. The sides, after end and a portion of the forward end (embracing the lower stairway and entrance to the saloon) are finished in Moorish fret work, worked out in rich mahogany and backed at a distance by mahogany panel work. With the exception of the mahogany the entire saloon is finished in the tasteful and fashionable style of decoration known as "ivory and gold." The matter of ventilation has been carefully considered, and the saloon will be kept supplied with fresh air and relieved from all odors of cookery by means of large ventilating fans, which will discharge all the foul air into the furnaces under the boilers. Altogether the dining saloon is unique in design and decoration, and is without question unexcelled in convenience, comfort and beauty. . An important feature is the system of transverse frames of the bulkheads, which give the main a high degree of stiffness and stability, the result being the elimination of that disagreeable vibration and jarring movement experienced on most steamers that induces wakefulness. This superb vessel was not intended (as at first thought it might seem) for the exclusive and pri- vate pleasure of a party of millionaires, but for the enjoyment of the people of Chicago and Milwaukee who patronize the Goodrich line, although no millionaire who travels on it will miss the comforts of his palatial home. The Virginia leaves Chicago daily during the season at 9 A. M. , and, including a stop at Racine, will make the run to Milwaukee in five and a half hours; returning, she leaves Milwaukee at 7 P. M. The opportunity is thus afforded thousands of residents of either city to breathe the pure Lake Michigan air for a day and enjoy a most delightful trip, for a sum that is insignificant com- pared with the expense of a journey by rail. Lake M. and Lake 8, Trans. Go. The Lake Michigan and Lake Superior Transportation Co., incorporated under the laws of the State of Illiroisin 1879, is the successor of the old Pioneer lines, established some thirty-five 536 GUIDE TO CHICAGO. years ago, and is now the only line operating freight and passenger steamers between Chicago and Duluth, the head of Lake Superior. Steamers sail from Chicago regularly every Wednesday and Saturday evening at 8.30, and call at Mackinac Island, Sault Ste. Marie, Marquette, and all ports in the world- renowned iron and copper district of Lake Superior. During the spring and fall months this company devotes its entire attention to the freight business, contracting not only for freight to local points on their route, but is making great strides in the direction of through freight to points in the great Northwest as far as the Pacific coast. The summer months are principally devoted to its passenger business, which, during the last few years, has grown to enormous proportions, partially owing to the famous northern summer resorts, that are reached regularly twice a week. The steamers of this line are commodious, elegantly furnished, and rank among the best on the inland seas. The wharf is located near Rush street bridge, and is the most convenient to the business center of the city. PART IV. THE WORLD'S COLUMBIAN EXPOSITION. The buildings of the World's Columbian Exposition, as provided by Act of Congress, will be dedicated on October 12, 1892, the recognized anniver- sary of the discovery of America by Christopher Columbus. The Exposi- tion, which will be the greatest universal fair the world has ever seen, will be formally opened to the public on May 1, 1893. The gates will be closed on October 26, 1893. Everything will be in readiness for each of these events. The preparations for the dedicatory ceremonies have been made upon an elaborate scale, and the great buildings of the Exposition will be completed and opened for the reception of exhibits at the time named. From October 12, 1892, to May 1, 1893, the work of receiving and placing exhibits, and in making ready generally for the opening of the display will be carried on without intermission. The status of the World's Fair in the spring of 1892 is presented in the following pages. For additional information regarding the subjects treated here the visitor is referred to the "HANDBOOK OF THE WORLD'S COLUMBIAN EXPOSITION," compiled by John J. Flinn, and published by THE STANDARD GUIDE COMPANY. This work is on sale in all parts of the world. ADMINISTRATION. The World's Columbian Exposition is conducted under a joint adminis- tration consisting of what is known as "The National Commission" and "The Local Board." From these two organizations is also chosen, aside from the executive officers, what is known as " The Board of Reference and Control," to which is submitted questions arising in either of the governing Boards, for adjustment or final settlement. The affairs of the Local Board are conducted by committees. The affairs of the Exposition management, proper, are conducted by Bureaus, each Bureau having a chief. Herewith is presented a full directory of the Exposition organization, National, Local, Executive, etc. World's Columbian Commission. Headquarters, Rand & McNally Build- ing. Officers: President, Thomas W. Palmer, Detroit, Mich., Room 417, Rand & McNally Bldg., Chicago; secretary, John T. Dickinson, Austin, Texas, Room 415, Rand & McNally Bldg., Chicago; president of the board of lady managers, Mrs. Potter Palmer, Room 409, Rand & McNally Bldg., Chicago; secretary of the board of lady managers, Mrs. Susan G. Cooke, Room 409, Rand & McNally Bldg., Chicago; director-general, George R. Davis, Room 410, Rand & McNally Bldg., Chicago. f-37 538 GUIDE TO CHICAGO. BOARD OF REFERENCE AND CONTROL. Thomas W. Palmer, of Michigan, president; James A. McKenzie, of Kentucky, vice-chairman Executive Com- mittee; George V. Massey, of Delaware; William Lindsay, of Kentucky; M. H. de Young, of California; Thomas M. Waller, of Connecticut; Elijah B. Martindale, of Indiana; J. W. St. Clair, of West Virginia. COMMISSIONERS. The World's Columbian Commission consists of "eight conimissiojers at large" and eight alternates appointed by the president of the United States, and two Commissioners and two alternates from each of the States and Territories, appointed by the governors of States, and two commissioners and two alternates from the District of Columbia, appointed by the President of the United States. These commissioners are selected equally from each of the two great poliiical parties of the country. Officers of the Local Board. Headquarters, Rand & McNally Building, Adams near La Salle street. President, William T. Baker; vice-presidents, Thomas B. Bryan and Potter Palmer; secretary and solicitor-general, Btnja- min Butterworth; assistant secretary, J. H. Kingwill; treasurer, Anthony F. Seeberger; auditor, William K. Ackerman; traffic manager, E. E. Jaycox. BOARD OF REFERENCE AND CONTROL. Wm. T. Baker, Thos. B. Bryan, Potter Palmer, Lyman J. Gage, Edwin Walker, Ferd W. Peck, Fred S. Win- ston, Harlow N. Higinbotham. EXECUTIVE COMMITTEE. William T. Baker, Thomas B. Brvan, Potter Palmer, Ferdinand W. Peck, W. D. Kerfoot, Edwin Walker, A. H. Revell, Chas. H. Schwab, Charles L. Hutchinson, Robert C. Clowry, Robert A. Waller, Lyman J. Gage, Harlow N. Higinbotham, John J. P. Odell, Martin A. Ryerson. FINANCE COMMITTEE. Ferd W. Peck, chairman; E. G. Keith, Lyman J. Gage, John J. P. Odell, H. N. Higinbotham. GROUNDS AND BUILDINGS COMMITTEE. Lyman J. Gage, chairman; E. F. Lawrence, Charles H. Schwab, H. B. Stone, R. C. Clowry, W. P. Ketcham, G. W. Saul. LEGISLATIVE COMMITTEE. Edwin Walker, chairman; Fred S. Winston, Egbert Jamieson, Andrew McNally, Ferd W. Peck. AGRICULTURE COMMITTEE. W. D. Kerfoot, chairman; E. F. Lawrence, Theis J. Letens, Geo. Schneider, I. N. Camp. MINES, MINING, FORESTRY AND FISH COMMITTEE. Charles H. Schwab, chairman; Wm. J. Chalmers, John C. Welling, Robert Nelson, Bernard E. Sunny. PRESS AND PRINTING COMMITTEE. Alexander H. Revell, chairman; Milton W. Kirk, Edward B. Butler, Paul O. Stensland, George Schneider. TRANSPORTATION COMMITTEE. George B. Harris, Edward P. Ripley, George W. Saul, John C. Welling, C. H. Chappell. FINE ART COMMITTEE. Charles L. Hutchinson, Chairman; James W. Ellsworth, Potter Palmer, Charles T. Yerkes, Martin A. Ryerson. LIBERAL ARTS COMMITTEE. Robert A. Waller, Chairman; Isaac N. Camp, Alexander H. Revell, Egbert Jamieson, Charles L. Hutchinson. ELECTRICITY, ELECTRICAL AND PNEUMATIC APPLIANCES COMMITTEE. Robert C. Clowry, Chairman; Bernard E. Sunny, Charles H. Wacker, Robert Nelson, C. K. G. Billings. MANUFACTURES AND MACHINERY COMMITTEE. John J. P. Odell, Chair- man; Andrew McNally, Adolph Nathan, Elbridge G. Keith, A. M. Roths- child. WORLD'S COLUMBIAN EXPOSITION. 589 WAYS AND MEANS COMMITTEE. Harlow N. Higinbotham, Chairman; Lyman J. Gage, Edward F. Lawrence, Adolph Nathan, Charles H. Wacker, Win. J. Chalmers, Robert A. Waller, Franklin H. Head. Edward B. Butler, Wm. D. Kerfoot, George Schneider, Edward P. Ripley, Milton W. Kirk. FOREIGN EXHIBITS COMMITTEE. Martin A. Ryerson, Chairman; James W. Ellsworth, Harlow N. Higinbotham, T. J. Lefens, Franklin H. Head. SPECIAL COMMITTEE ON CEREMONIES Edward F. Lawrence, Chairman; James W. Ellsworth, Charles T. Yerkes, Ferd. W Peck, Charles H. Schwab, Charles H. Wacker, William D. Kerfoot, Charles L. Hutchinson. DIRECTORS. William T. Baker, C. K. G. Billings, Thomas B. Bryan, Edward B. Butler, Isaac N. Camp, William J. Chalmers, Robert C. Clowry, George R. Davis, James W. Ellsworth, Lyman J. Gage, George B. Harris, Franklin H. Head, H. N. Higinbotham, Charles L.. Hutchinson, Egbert Jamieson, Elbridge G. Keith, William D. Kerfoot, William P. Ketcham, Milton W. Kirk, G. H. Chappell, Edward F. Lawrence, Thies J. Lefens, Andrew McNally, Adolph Nathan, Robert Nelson, John J. P. Odell, Potter Palmer, Ferd W. Peck, Alexander H. Revell, Edward P. Ripley, A. M. Rothschild, Martin A. Ryerson, George W. Saul, George Schneider, Charles H. Schwab, Paul O. Stensland, Henry B. Stone, Bernard E. Sunny, Charles H. Wacker, Edwin Walker, Robert A. Waller, Hempstead Washburne, John C. Welling, Frederick S. Winston. Charles T. Yerkes. Executive Department. Headquarters Rand & McNally building. George R. Davis, director -general. Office, No. 404. DEPARTMENT A. Agriculture, food and food products, farming machinery and appliances, W. I. Buchanan, chief. DEPARTMENT B. Horticulture, J. M. Samuels, chief; horticultural division, John Thorp, chief. DEPARTMENT C. Live Stock, domestic and wild animals, E. W. Cot- terell, chief. < DEPARTMENT D. Fish, fisheries, fish products and apparatus for fishing J. W. Collins, chief. DEPARTMENT E. Mines, mining and metallurgy, Frederick J. V. Skiff, chief. DEPARTMENT F. Machinery, L. W. Robinson, chief. DEPARTMENT G. Transportation exhibits, railways, vessels and vehicles, Willard A. Smith, chief. DEPARTMENT H. Manufactures, J. M. Allison, chief. DEPARTMENT J. Electricity and electrical appliances, J. P. Barrett, chief. DEPARTMENT K. Fine arts, pictorial, plastic and decorative, Halsey C. Ives, chief. DEPARTMENT L. Liberal arts, education, engineering, public works, architecture, music and the drama, S. H. Peabody, chief. DEPARTMENT M. Ethnology, archaeology, progress of labor and inven- tion, isolated and collective exhibits, F. W. Putman, chief. DEPARTMENT N. Forestry and forest products, Thomas B. Keogh, acting chief. DEPARTMENT O. Publicity and promotion, Moses P. Handy, chief. DEPARTMENT P. Foreign affairs, Walker Fearn, chief; secretary of installation, Joseph Hirst. BUREAU OF CONSTRUCTION". D. H. Burnham, chief; A. Gotlieb, chief engineer; F. L. Olmsted & Co., landscape architects. Offices; No. 1143 Rookery building. 640 6tnbE to BOARD OF ARCHITECTS. By recommendation of the committee on grounds and buildings, approved by t'he Board of Directors at its meeting of January 9, 1891, the following architects were constituted a board to decide, in conference with the chief of construction, upon the preliminary problems in anangement and grouping of buildings and their architecture, submitted to them: Robert M. Hunt of New York, W. L. Jenny of Chicago, McKirn, Mead & White of New York, Adler & Sullivan of Chicago, George B. Post of New York, Henry Ives Cobb of Chicago, Peabody & Stearns of Boston, S. S. Beman of Chicago, and Van Brunt & Howe of Kansas City. The general arrangement and harmony of the buildings which promise to be among the most attractive features of the Exposition were decided upon by the chief and staff and the board, and the designs of the proposed build- ings of the Exposition were allotted among the architects by the chief of con- struction as follows: Robert M. Hunt, Administration building; W. L. B. Jenny, Horticulture building ; McKim, Mead & White, Agricultural building; Adler & Sullivan, Transportation building; George B. Post, Manufactures building; Henry Ives Cobb, Fisheries building; Burling & Whitehouse, Casino and Entrances; Peabody & Stearns, Machinery building; S. S. Beman, Mines and Mining building; Van Brunt & Howe, Electricity building. Medical Bureau. The Medical Bureau of the World's Columbian Expo- sition is constituted as follows: John E. Owens, M. D., medical director; W. H. Allport, M. D., assistant surgeon; Morton R. Yeager, M. D., assistant surgeon. BOARD OP CONTROL AND MANAGEMENT OF THE UNITED STATES GOVERN MENT EXHIBIT. Hon. Edwin Willils, chairman; Sevellon A. Brown, chief clerk of the department of State, to represent that department; Allured B. Nettleton, assistant secretary of the treasury, to represent the tieasury department; Major Clifton Comly, U. S. A., to represent the war department. Captain R. W. Meade, U. S. N., to represent the navy department; A. D. Hazen, third assistant postmaster general, to represent the post office depart- ment; Horace A. Taylor, commissioner of railroads, to represent the depart- ment of the interior; Elijah C. Foster, general agent of the department of justice, to represent that department; Edwin Willits, assistant secretary of agriculture, to represent the department of agriculture; Dr. G. Brown Goode, assistant secretary Smithsonian Institution, to represent that institution and the national museum; J. W. Collins, assistant-in-charge division of fisheries, to represent the United States fish commission. [See Flinn's Hand-Boole of the World's Columbian Exposition, for full information concerning the above; also illustrations relating thereto. For sale everywhere. ] Board of Lady Managers. Headquarters, Rand-McNally building, Adams St., near La Salle. President, Mrs. Potter Palmer, of Chicago; first vice-president, Mrs. Ralph Trautmann, of New York; second vice-president, Mrs. Edwin C. Burleigh, of Maine; third vice-president, Mrs. Charles Price, of North Carolina; fourth vice-president, Miss Katherine L. Minor, of Louisi- ana; fifth vice-president, Mrs. Beriah Wilkins, of the District of Columbia; sixth vice-president, Mrs. Susan R. Ashley, of Colorado; seventh vice-presi- dent, Mrs. Flora Beall Ginty, of Wisconsin; eight vice-president, Mrs. Margaret Blaine Salisbury, of Utah; vice-president-at-large, Mrs. Russell B. Harrison, of Montana; vice-chairman executive committee, Mrs. Virginia C. Meredith, of Indiana; secretary, Mrs. Susan G. Cooke, of Tennessee. WORLD'S COLUMBIAN EXPOSITION. 541 There are eight lady managers, and eight alternate lady managersappointed by the commissioners at large, two ladj r managers and two alternate lady managers appointed by the governors of each of the States and Territories; two lady managers and two alternate lady managers appointed by the Presi- dent of the United States from the District of Columbia, and nine lady managers and nine alternate lady managers appointed by the President of the United States from Chicago, the names and addresses of whom are as follows: Lady managers, Mrs. Bertha M. Honore Palmer, Lake Shore Drive; Mrs. Solomon Thatcher, Jr., River Forest; Mrs. Jennie Sanford Lewis, 1450 Michigan ave. ; Mrs. James A. Mulligan, 3000 Prairie ave. ; Francis Dickin- son, M. D., 70 State St.; Mrs. M. R. M. Wallace, 3817 Michigan ave.; Mrs. Myra Bradwell, 1428 Michigan ave.; Mrs. James R. Doolittle, Jr., 24 Grove- land Park; Mrs. Matilda B. Carse, 145 Ashland boul. Lady alternates: Miss Sara T. Hallowell, Palmer House. ; Mrs. George L. Dunlap, 328 Dearborn ave.; Mrs. L. Brace Shattuck, 5300 Woodlawn ave.; Mrs. Annie C. Meyers, 556 Monroe st. ; Martha H. Ten Eyck, 5704 Madison ave.; Mrs. Margaret Isa- belle Sandes, Ravenswood, 111.; Mrs. Leander Stone, 3352 Indiana ave.; Mrs. Gen. A. L. Chetlain, 543 N. State St.; Frances E. Willard, Evanston, 111. [See Flinrts Hand- Book of the World' 's Columbian Exposition, Jor full information concerning the above; also illustrations relating thereto. For sale everywhere.] WORLD'S CONGRESS AUXILIARY. The World's Congress Auxiliary is an authorized adjunct of the World's Fair, and aims to supplement the exposition which that will make of the material progress of the world by a portrayal of the " wonderful achieve- ments of the new age in science, literature, education, goveinment, jurispru- dence, morals, charily, religion and other departments of human activity, as the most effective means of increasing the fraternity, progress, prosperity and peace of mankind." Virtually it will be a series of congresses at which the greatest thinkers of the world will discuss questions of universal im- portance. The officers are: President, Charles C. Bonney; vice-president, Thomas B. Bryan; treasurer, Lyman J. Gage; secretary, Benjamin Butterworth. Headquarters, Rand-McNally building, Adams st., near LaSalle. Division of Work. The work of the World's Congresses divided as follows : 1. General Departments. 2. Divisions of such Departments. 3. Chapters of such Divisions. 4. Sections of such Chapters. I. DEPARTMENT OP AGRICULTURE. --Benjamin Butterworth, general chair- man. General Divisons: 1. General Farm Culture. Mr. Samuel Allerton, chairman. 2. Cereal Industry. Chairman not yet announced. 3. Animal. Industry. Ex-Gov. W. D. Hoard, chairman. 4. Horticulture. Mr. J. C. Vaughn, chairman. 5. Agricultural Organizations. Mr. Milton George, chairman. 6. Agricultural Education and Experiment. Prof. Geo. E. Morrow, chairman. 7. Governmental Departments of Agriculture. Chair- man not yet announced. 542 GUIDE TO CHICAGO. II. DEPARTMENT OP ART. Mr. Charles L. Hutchinson, general chair- man. General Divisions: 1, Architecture. Mr. Daniel H. Burnham, chair- man. 2. Painting. Mr. O. D. Grover, chairman. 3. Sculpture. Mr. Lorado Taft, chairman. 4. Decorative Art. Mr. L. J. Millet, chairman. 5. Photographic Art. Hon. James B. Brachv ell, chairman. 6. Illustrative Art. Not yet organized. III. DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE AND FINANCE. Pres. Lyman J. Gage, general chairman General Divisions: 1. Banking and Finance. Pres. Lymau J. Gage, chairman. 2. Boards of Trade. Pres. William T. Baker, chairman. 3. Stocks and Bonds. Mr. Charles Henrotin, chairman. 4. Water Commerce. Hon. John C. Dore, chairman. 5. Railway Commerce. Mr. George R. Blanchard, chairman. 6. Insurance. Gen. Robert J, Smith, chairman. The Division of Insurance is divided into the following Chapters: 1. Fire Insurance. Gen. Robert J. Smith, chairman. 2. Marine Insurance. Capt. Wiley M. Egan, chairman. 3. Life and Accident Insur- ance, with Sections for Mutua. Benefit Associations and Kindred Organiza- tions. Mr. John H. Nolan, chairman. 4. Insurance Specialties. Not jet organized. IV. DEPARTMENT OP EDUCATION. Hon. and Rt. Rev. Samuel Fallows, general chairman. General divisions: 1. Higher education, including univer- sity extension; Pres. William R. Harper, chairman. 2. Public insiruction ; Dr. Samuel Fallows, chairman. 3. Music in public schools; Dr. George F. Root, chairman. 4. Instruction of the deaf and dumb; Dr. Philip G. Gillett, chairman. 5. Instruction of the blind; Dr. Frank Hall, chairman. 6. Instruction of the feeble-minded; Dr. W. B. Fish, chairman. 7. Manual and art training schools; Dr. Henry H. Belfield, chairman. 8. Commercial and .business colleges, etc.; Principal Henry B. Bryant, chairman. 9. Kinder- garten education (see woman's branch committees). 10. Domestic and eco- nomic education (see woman's branch committees). 11. Agricultural educa- tion; Prof. G. E. Morrow, chairman. 12. Educational authors and pub- lishers; not yet appointed. 13. Youth's school delegate congress; Sup't Leslie Lewis, chairman. V. DEPARTMENT OP ENGINEERING. Mr. E. L. Corthell, general chair- man. General divisions: 1. Civil engineering. 2. Mechanical engineering. 3. Mining engineering. 4. Metallurgical engineering. 5. Electrical engineer- ing. 6. Military engineering. 7. Marine and naval engineering. NOTE. The division committees of this department have not yet been appointed. All are at present represented by the general committee. VI. DEPARTMENT OP GOVERNMENT. (Under the general direction of the President.) General Divisions: 1. Law reform, including international law and the administration of justice Pres. Henry Wade Rogers, chairman. 2. Political and economic reform Hon. Thos. W. Palmer, chairman. 3. City government Hon. Walter Q. Gresham, chairman. 4. Executive adminis- tration Gov. Joseph W. Fifer, chairman. 5. Intellectual property Hon. John M. Thacher, chairman. 6. Arbitration and peace. Hon. Thomas B. Bryan, chairman. VII. DEPARTMENT OP LITERATURE Dr. William F. Poole, general chairman. General divisions: 1. Libraries Librarian, F. H. Hild, chair- man. 2. History and historical societies Dr. Wm. F. Poole, chairman. 3. Philology and literary archaeology Mr. Wm. Morton Payne, chairman. 4. Authors and imaginative literature Mr. Francis F. Browne, chairman. VIII. DEPARTMENT OP LABOR. Mr. Walter Thomas Mills, M. A., gen- WORLD'S COLUMBIAN EXPOSITION. 543 eral chairman. General divisions: 1. Historic development of labor. 2. Labor organizations. 3. Conflicts of labor and capital. 4. Labor economics and legislation. 5 Women: her industrial condition and economic depend- ence; social theories and experiments; child labor, etc. 6. Education, Public opinion, progress. IX: DEPARTMENT OP MEDICINE. (Under the general direction of the president.) Geueral Divisions: 1. General medicine and surgery, Dr. Nathan Smith Davis, chairman. 2. Homeopathy, Dr. J. S. Mitchell, chair- man. 3. Public health, Dr. John H. Rauch, chairman. 4. Dentistry, Dr. J. S. Marshall, chairman. 5. Pharmacy, Prof. Oscar Oldberg, chairman. 6. Medical jurisprudence, Dr. Marshall D. Ewell, chairman. X. DEPARTMENT OF MORAL AND SOCIAL REFORM. Pres. John G. Shortall, general chairman. General divisions: 1. Philanthropy. 2. Pre- vention. 3 Charity. 4. Reform. XI. DEPARTMENT OF Music. Director Theodore Thomas, General Chairman. General divisions: 1. Orchestral art, Mr. Theodore Thomas, chairman. 2. Choral music and training, Mr. William L. Totnlins, chairman. 3. Songs of the people, Dr. George F. Root, chairman. 4. .Organ and church music, Mr. Clarence Eddy, chairman. 5. Musical art and literature, Mr. W. S. B. Mathews. 6. Musical criticism and history, Mr. George P. Upton, chairman. 7. Opera houses and music halls, Mr. Ferd. W. Peck, chairman. XII. DEPARTMENT OF THE I'UBLIC PRESS. Mr. William Penn Nixon, general chairman, General divisions: 1. The daily press. 2. Weeklies and magazines. 3. The religious press, Dr. Simeon Gilbert, chairman. XIII. DEPARTMENT OF RELIGION. Rev. Dr. John Henry Barrows, gen- eral chairman. General divisions [denominational]: 1. Baptist, Rev. Dr. P. S. Hensoii, chairman. 2. Catholic, His Grace Archbishop P. A. Feehan, chairman. 3. Congregational, Rev. Dr. F. A. Noble, chairman. 4. Chris- tian, Rev. John W. Allen, chairman. 5. Evangelical Association of North America, Bishop J. J. Esher, chairman. f>. Evangelical Church of North America, not ready for announcement. 7. Friends, Mr. J. W. Plummer, chairman. 8. Jews, Rabbi E. G. Hirsch, chairman. 9. Lutheran General Council, Rev. M. C- Rinseen, chairman. 10. Lutheran General Synod, Rev. L. M. Heilman, chairman. 11. Lutheran Synodical Conference, Rev. Louis Hoelter, chairman, 12. Methodist Episcopal, Rt. Rev. Bishop S. M. Merrill, chairman. 13. New Jerusalem (Swedenborgian), Rev. L. P. Mercer, chair- man. 14. Presbyterian, Rev. Dr. John Henry Barrows, chairman. 15. Protestant Episcopal, Rt. Rev. Bishop Wm. E. McLaren, chairman. 16. Reformed Church of North America, Rev. A. Heinemann, chairman. 17. Reformed Church of America (Dutch), Rev. W. H. Williamson, chairman. 18. Reformed Episcopal, Rt. Rev. Bishop Charles E. Cheney, chairman. 19. Swedish Evangelical Mission Covenant in North America, Rev. Andrew Hallner. chairman. 20. United Brethren, BMiop E. B. Kephart, chairman. 21. Unitarian, Rev. Jenkins Lloyd Jones, chairman. 22. Universaliet, Rev. Dr. A. J. Canfield chairman. 23. Missions, Rev. Walter Manning Barrows, chairman. 24. Evangelical Alliance and Kindred Bodies, not ready for announcement. XIV. DEPARTMENT op SCIENCE AND PHILOSOPHY. Dr. R. N. Foster, general chairman. Generiil divisions: 1. General physics Dr. Selim H. P(>abody, chairman ; 2. mathematics and astronomy Prof. George W. Hough, chairman ; 3. meteorology, including terrestrial magnetism, Prof. Mark W. Harrington, chairman ; 4. geology Dr. Josua Lindahl, chairman ; 544 GUIDE TO CHICAGO. 5. geography not yet appointed ; 6. chemistpy Prof. John H. Long, chair- man ; 7. electricity Prof. Elisha Gray, chairman; 8. botany Prof. Edson S. Bastin, chairman ; 9. zoology Prof. Stephen A. Forbes, chairman ; 10. microscopy Regent Thomas J. Burril], chairman ; 11. Anthropology, including ethnology and archaeology, Prof. F. W. Putman, chairman ; 12. Indian ethnology Col. P. H. Davidson, chairman ; 13. African ethnology Rev.J. E. Roy, chairman; 14. psychical science Col. John C. Bundy, chair- man ; 15. philosphy Dr. R. N. Foster, chairman. XV. DEPARTMENT OF TEMPERANCE. The Most Rev. Archbishop John Ireland, general chairman. General divisions : 1. Woman's Christian Tem- perance Union. (See Woman's Branch) ; 2. Catholic Temperance Societies ; 3. National Temperance Society and allied organizations, including the Sons of Temperance, the Good Templars, the Templars of Honor and Temperance, the Royal Templars of Temperance, the Non-Partisan W. C. T. U., and other affiliated bodies ; 4. Law and Order Leagues, and other law enforcing organi- zations. XVI. GENERAL DEPARTMENT. (Embracing congresses not otherwise assigned.) Sunday Rest Congress. General divisions : 1. physiological rela- tions of the weekly Rest Day ; 2. economic and business relations of the weekly Rest Day; 3. governmental and political relations of the weekly Rest Day ; 4. social and moral relations of the weekly Rest Day ; 5. religious relations of the weekly Rest Day. The Sunday Rest Congress will be held in the latter part of September, 1893, at the close of the religious congresses, and will probably be followed by the congresses of the department of labor. The observance of Sunday for religious reasons may be sepaiately assigned to the department of religion. Other Congresses I'roposed. Among the other congresses which have been suggested, but for which no definite arrangements have as yet been made, are the following; I. A REAL ESTATE REFORM CONGRESS. To promote simplicity, economy and uniformity of conveyances, devises and descents; and to prevent, or at least diminish, the great losses now suffered from mistakes occasioned by the complication and confusion of laws and customs relating to this subject. The frequent and extensive removals of persons from one state or country to another, renders the reforms that might be promoted by this Congress, of extraordinary practical importance. Such real estate reform congress may be assigned to the department of government, and be held in connection with the congress of law reform. II. CONGRESSES OF FRATERNAL ORDERS, ETC. Such as Freemasons, Knights Templar, Odd Fellows, and similar organizations. It is very prob- able that more congresses will be proposed than can be accommodated dur- ing the exposition season, and applications for congresses for which no arrangements have yet been made should therefore be submitted without unnecessary delay. Advisory Council of theWorld's Columbian Commission on World's Con- gresses. Hon. John W. Woodside, Pennsylvania; Hon. Charles H. Jones, Missouri; Hon. Albert A. Wilson, District of Columbia; Hon. John Boyd Thatcher, New York; Hon. John Bennett, Kentucky; Hon. Frederick G. Bromberg, Alabama; Hon. Orson V. Tousley, Minnesota; Hon. Bradley B. Smalley, Vermont. Committee of the Directory of the World's Columbian Exposition on World's WORLD'S COLUMBIAN EXPOSITION. 545 Congresses. Hon. Franklin H. Head, chairman; Mr. Elbridge G. Keith, Mr. James W. Ellsworth. Advisory members of this committee; Dr. Henry Wade Rogers, president Northwestern University; Dr. William R. Harper, president University of Chicago. The Woman's Branch of the World's Congress Auxiliary. Mrs. Potter Palmer, president; Mrs. Charles Henrotin, vice-president. Mixed commit- tees are not appointed, but committees of women are appointed to take action on appropriate subjects. The following are the committees of the Woman's Branch of the Auxiliary, with the chairmen as thus far appointed. The woman's general committee on world's Congresses, Mrs. Potter Palmer, chairman; the woman's world's congress committee of art, Miss Sarah H. Hallowell, chairman; the woman's world's congress committee on education, Mrs. Henry M. Wilmarth, chairman; the woman's world's congress commit- tee on manual and art education. Miss Josephine C. Locke, chairman; the woman's world's congress committee on kindergarten education, Mrs. E. W. Blatchford, chairman; the woman's world's congress committee on domestic and economic education; the woman's world's congress committee on higher education, Mrs. Harriet C. Brainard, chairman; the woman's world's con- gress committee on government acd law reform, Mis. Myra Bradwell, chair- man; the woman's world's congress committee on literature, Mrs. Charles Henrotin, chairman; the woman's world's congress committee on labor, Mrs. J. D. Harvey, chairman; the woman's world's congress committee on general medicine and surgery, Dr. Sarah Hackett Stevenson, chairman; the woman's world's congress committee on homeopathic medicine and surgery, Dr. Julia Holmes Smith, chairman; the woman's world's congress committee on public health, Dr. Sarah H. Brayton, chairman; the woman's world's congress com- mittee on dentistry, Dr. H. E. Lawrence, chairman; the woman's world's congress committee on pharmacy, Dr. Ida H. Roby, chairman; the woman's world's congress committee on medical jurisprudence, Dr. HarrietC.B. Alex- ander, chairman ; the woman's world's congress committee on trained nurses not ready for announcement; the woman's world's congress committee on moral and social reform, Mrs. J. M. Flower, chairman; the woman's world's congress committee on music, Mrs. George B. Carpenter, chairman; the woman's world's congress committee on the daily press, Miss Mary H. Krout, chairman; the woman's world's congress committee on weeklies and maga- zines, Miss Mary Allen West, chairman; the woman's world's congress com- mittee on religion, Rev. Augusta J. Cbapin, chairman; the woman's world's * congress committee on science and philosophy, Mrs. Caroline K. Sherman, chairman; the woman's world's congress committee on Indian ethnology, Miss Emma C. Sickels, chairman; the woman's world's congress committee on temperance, Miss Francis E. Willard, chairman; the woman's world's congress committee on municipal order, Mrs. Henry Wade Rogers, chairman; the woman's world's congress committee on household economics, Mrs. John Wilkinson, chairman; the woman's world's congress committee on reception, Mrs. George L. Dunlap, chairman. [See Flinn's Hand- Boole of the World 1 s Columbian Exposition, for full information concerning the above; also illustrations relating thereto. For sale everywhere.'] 546 GUIDE TO CHICAGO. GENERAL REVIEW. In the spring of 1892 the outlook for the opening of the World's Colum- bian Exposition under the most favorable circumstances could not very well be brighter. Such progress had been made in the construction of the great build- ings, in the laying out of the grounds and in the general advancement of the preparatory work, as to leave no doubt as to the success of this the greatest enter- prize of modern times. The Exposition is under the auspices of the United States government. Its participants include not only the United States gov- ernment and the forty-four States and five Territories of Ihe American Union, but also nearly every foreign government. Its international character was fully assured. Foreign Participation. The foreign nations and colonies which thus far have determined to participate in the Exposition, and the amounts of their appropriations, made or officially proposed, as far as information concerning them has been received at headquarters, are the following: Argentine Republic $100,000 . 149, iOO India Dutch Guiana , 10,000 5,000 3l',0 U 25,COO 125/00 12,000 25,OCO 20000 Dutch West Indies... Nicaragua Orange Free State . . . Paraguay Belgium Malta Bolivia 100,000 . 600,000 Mashonaland Brazil New South Wales. . New Zealand China . 100,000 Persia Chile Queensland South Australia . . . Tasmania Trinidad '. . 15,000 Peru Columbia . 10 ',000 Russia Costa Rica Denmark 100,OOC Sal vador San Domingo Danish West Indies. Ecuador 125,000 400,000 214.300 125,000 6,000 25,000 7,50> 25,000 40.00C Victoria Siam West Australia .... Spain Egypt (informal) . . . France Guatemala .. 120,000 Cuba Hawaii Transvaal. Algeria Germany Havti Turkey .... ... Honduras . . 20,000 Great Britain Italy (informal) . . Venezuela Barbadoes British Columbia... British Guiana British Honduras... Cape Colony Erythria Japan '.'. 630,76E Total $4 ,004.565 j. Korea Madagascar Thirty-nine nations. Twenty-four colonie Mexico .... 750.00r Cevlon... Netherlands (informal) Bolivia appropriated $10,000 for preliminary expenses, and authorized its president to draw on the regular diplomatic appropriation for any further sum needed, the whole amount estimated to be necessary being $100,000. Of Ecua- dor's $125,000, the city of Guayaquil furnishes $25,000. Paraguay has author- ized its president to spend whatever sum may be necessary to have the coun- try creditably represented. It is reported that $25,000 of expenditure is con- templated. Mexico has voted $50,000 for preliminary expenses. No doubt is felt that the balance of the 750,000 proposed will be forthcoming. It is assured that quite a number of the appropriations named above will be increased. From information received at Exposition headquarters, it can be said to be next to certain that soon there will be added to the above list Norway and Sweden, Hungary, Switzerland, Canada, and several others. At a low esti- mate the total of the appropriations of foreign nations will reach $5,000,000. Nearly all of the participating nations will erect buildings in the Exposition WOKLD'S COLUMBIAN EXPOSITION". 547 grounds. Building sites have already been selected for Great Britain, Ger- many, Japan, Turkey, Mexico, Peru, Brazil, Ecuador, Colombia, Costa Rica, Guatemala and Chile. The buildings of foreign nations will present most varied contrasts in respect to size, architecture and adornment. [See Flinn's Hand-Boole of the World's Columbian Exposition, for full information concerning the above, also illustrations relating thereto. For sale everywhere. ] Government Aid and Recognition. The United States Government has ap- propriated thus far $1,500,000, of which $400,000 was set apart for its build- ing, and $250,000, approximately, has been drawn for the cost of tive sessions of the National Commission, two sessions of the Board of Lady Managers, the salaries of the officers and employes of these two bodies, and the expenses of three special agents of the Treasury Department who were sentfb Europe to explain to foreign commissions and governments the regulations of the Depart- ment governing the importation of exhibits. A considerable portion of the remainder has been spent in preparation of the government exhibit by the board having the matter in charge. The congress now in session is expected to appropriate a sum sufficient for the future expenses of the National Com- mission and Lady Managers, and the continued preparation of the govern- ment exhibit, and also about $700,000 for the Exposition awards and the pay- ment of the awarding juries, as obligated by the act of congress creating the National Commission. The government, as elsewhere stated, may be asked, also, to appropriate something for a District of Columbia exhibit, and $5,000,000 in general aid of the Exposition. State and Territorial Aid and Recognition Twenty-six States and two Territories, thus far, have made appropriations for their representation at the Exposition, as follows: Arizona 8 30,000 California 300,'00 Colorado 100,COO Delaware 10,000 Idaho 20,000 Illinois 800,000 Indiana 75,000 Iowa 50,000 Maine 40,000 Massachusetts ... . 75,000 Michigan 100,000 Minnesota 50,000 Missouri 150,000 Montana 50,COO Nebraska... 50,000 New Hampshire $ 2i,000 New Jersey ^0,000 New Mexico 25,000 North Carolina 25,000 North Dakota 25,000 Ohio 100,000 Pennsylvania 300,000 Rhode Island 25,000 Vermont 15,OTO Washington 100,000 West Virginia 40,000 Wisconsin 65,000 Wyoming 30,000 Total $2,695,000 In several of these States the appropriations made are only preliminary, and will be largely increased. In Iowa, for example, the executive committee of the State commission has prepared estimates aggregating $339,000, and will ask the Legislature to appropriate accordingly. Colorado, Main, Massa- chusetts, Minnesota, New Jersey and West Virginia promise increased appro- priations. In Colorado an additional $50,000, approximately, has been voted by the counties, and in Indiana about $10,000 has been raised by school pupils and teachers. In California, too, some of the counties are supplementing the State appropriation. Nine States which, owing to constitutional restriction, or other pro- hibitive reason, made no World's Fair appropriation, have held State conven- tions and formed organizations of the stock-subscription sort tor raising the 548 GUIDE TO CHICAGO. amounts deemed necessary for creditable representation, the sums they are thus raising, are: Alabama $ 50,000 Arkansas 100,100 Florida 100,000 Geoi-gia 100, 00 Kansas 100,000 Total These States, and Oregon $100,000 South Dakota 80,000 Tennessee . 100,000 Texas 300,000 $1,030,000 The legislatures of several States which have made no provision for repre- sentation are now in session, or soon will be. In Maryland a bill for $100,000 is pending. In New York a bill for $250,000 has been introduced, and a second bill for $500,000 is advocated by several influential organizations, which believe that sum necessary for creditable representation. Nearly all of the States and Territories are sure to get into line this winter, for popular sentiment Union g their people demands it. It is reported that the government will be asked to appropriate $50,000 for the representation of the District of Columbia, and perhaps something for an Alaska exhibit. The aggregate expenditure by the States and Territories is expected to reach $5,000,000. EXPOSITION BUILDINGS. The size and cost of the great Exposition build- ings are indicated in the following table: Buildings. Dimensions in Feet. Area in Acres. Cost. Manufactures and Liberal Arts 787x1687 30 5 $1 500 000 Administration 262 x 262 ] g 436 000 Mines 350 x 700 5 6 265 010 Electricity 345 x 690 5 5 401 000 Transportation 256 x 960 5 6 / Annex 425 x 900 88 \ 37i\000 Women's. 199 x 388 1 8 138 000 Art Galleries 320 x 500 87 I " Annexes (2) 120 x200 111 670,000 Fisheries 165 x 365 1 4 1 " Annexes (2) 135 diam'r 8j 224,(00 Horticulture 250 x998 5 7 " Greenhouses (8) 24 xlCO 5 300,000 Machinery 492 x846 961 25,000 " Annex 490 x 550 6 2 j 1,2CO,COO " Power House , 100 x461 " Pumping Works 77 x 84 !'! " Machine Shop . 146 x250 1 Agriculture .... 500 x800 921 Annex 300 x 550 3 8 S 618,000 " Assembly Hall, etc 125 x 450 1.3 Forestry 208 x528 Z 5 100,000 Saw Mill 125 x300 9 100,000 Dairy 100 x200 5 35,000 Livestock (3) 65 x200 .9) 30,000 Pavilion 280 x440 2.8V " Sheds... 40. j Casino 120 X250 .71 Music Hall 120 x250 1\ *210,000 U. S. Government 345 x415 153.8 3 8 $7,04l,tOO 400,(iOO " Imitation Battleship 69.2o x 348 .3 100,000 Illinois State 160 x 450 1.7 I " Wings (2) .3) 250,000 '- 159.4 $7,791,000 * Including connecting peristyle. [Engraved for The Standard Guide Company.] A. H. ANDREWS 1 & CO., 215 WABASH AVE. [See " Guide."] WORLD'S COLUMBIAN EXPOSITION. 549 The last three are being erected, the first two by the United States Govern- ment, and the third by the State of Illinois. The visitor, however, will nat- urally class them among the great Exposition structures. The Exposition buildings, not including those of the Government and Illinois, have also a total gallery area of 45.9 acres, thus making their total floor space 199.7 acres. The Fine Arts building has 7.885 lineal feet, or 145,852 square feet, of wall space. All of the annexes will be scarely less imposing and architecturally beau- tiful than the main buildings themselves. The live stock shtds, which will cover an immense area as indicated, are to be constructed as inexpensively as possible without marring the general architectural effect. The power-houses, pumping works, etc., are to be exhibits in themselves, and so constiucled as to be readily inspected by visitors. There will be several Exposition build- ings in addition to those named, but data concerning them are not fully determined. Among them will be a Press building, in which every possible convenience and accommodation for the press representatives of the world will be provided; and a reproduction of the Spanish convent, La Rabida, in which a wonderfully complete collection of Columbus relics and allied exhi- bits will be gathered. The total cost of the Exposition structures alone is estimated at $8,000,000. Information concerning the State buildings is yet quite incomplete, as but few of the plans have been approved. It is expected that nearly all will erect buildings as State headquarters and receptacles for collective exhibits illustrating their resources. Thus far, data tor the buildings of twenty-two States, as projected, have been received at headquarters. These structures, for the most part, will be two stories in height; will average about 50 by 75 feet in dimensions, and will cost all the way from $10,000 to $100,000 each. [See Flinn's Hand-Boole of the World's Columbian Exposition, for full information concerning the alone, also illustrations relating thereto. For sale everywhere. ] Expenditures in Buildings, etc. The amount ($8,000,000) which the Exposition Company expects to expend upon buildings represents less than one-half of its total estimated expenditure for the great enterprise. Follow- ing are estimates of various other expenses prepared by the grounds and buildings committee. Grading, filling-, etc $ 450,400 . Landscape gardening 323,490 Viaducts and bridges 125,000 Piers 70,000 Waterway improvements 225,0<0 Railways 500,000 Steam plant 800,000 Electricity 1,500,000 Statuary on buildings 100,000 Vases, lamps and posts $ 50,000 Seating 8, 000 Water supply, sewerage, etc 600,000 Improvement of lake front 200,000 World's Congress Auxiliary 300,000 Construction department expen- ses, fuel, etc 520,000 Organization and administration 3,308,563 Operating expenses during Expo- sition 1,550,000 $10,530,453 Add to this amount estimated to be necessary for buildings ($8,000,000; and the grand total sum to be expended by the Exposition Companp stands at $18,530,453. This does not include, of course, the expenditure by the United States Government, the States of the Union, or foreign countries. Of this $18,530.453, about $17,000,000 must be paid out before the gates of the Expo- sition are thrown open to the public, on May 1, 1893. The total amount which the Exposition Company has paid out up to date, for all purposes, is $2,779,- 550 GUIDE TO CHICAGO. 707. Owing to the present enormous demands of construction, the expenditure is now running at nearly $1,000,000 a month. Financial Resources. In view of the showing given above, a statement of the Exposition's resources will be found interesting in this connection. RESOURCES. Stock subscriptions $ 5,721,230 City of Chicago bonds 5,OCO,iOO Prospective ga r e receipts 10,100,000 Concessions and privileges l,6lO, 0-J Salvage 1,500,000 Interest on deposits 33,452 Total $23,754,682 To the resources will be. added future interest on bank deposits and future subscriptions to stock. New subscriptions are coming in daily, and the amount which will thus be realized is certain to be large, though how much it will be can no w only be surmised. An increase of $200,000 from these sources is a safe estimate. On the other hand, some deduction must be made for delinquency in the payment of subscriptions to stock. Thus far, 60 per cent, of the subscribed amounts has been called for, and $3,433,800, or more than 60 p^r cenl., has been actually paid in, quite a number of subscribers having voluntarily paid up in full without waiting for the successive calls. The subscribers number about 30,000. Among subscribers, there have been nearly 5uO deaths, and this, together with impoverishment, etc., has caused thus far a delinquency in collections of between 7 and 8 per cent, of the amount due. This is less than was anticipated. Making a very liberal allowance for delinquencies, the net resources, as estimated, stand, in round numbers, at $23,350,000, or about $4,825,000 in excess of the tot^l estimated necessary expenditure. But of the resources the gate receipts, concessions and privileges, and salvage, representing a total of $13,000,000, are not only estimates, but are necessarily prospeciive. They can not be realized even in part until the Expo- sition opens and is in progress. The salvage from the disposal of the buildings can not, of course, be realized until after the Pair closes. It follows that the resources available previous to the opening of the Exposition, by which time, as explained above, $17,000,000, approximately, must be expended, are cut down to about $10,750,000. It will be seen that about $6,250,000 must be pro- vided for in some manner. Accordingly the United States Government may be asked to aid the Exposition by taking a financial interest in it to the extent of $5,000,000. In view of the fact that the National Commission, representing the Government, in adopting the classification of exhibits, made the scope of the Exposition so extensive that, as the Exposition Directory has found, it could not possibly be creditably fulfilled within the expenditure of the $1,000,000 which was at first deemed sufficient and which Chicago has provided, according to promise it is believed that Congres will consider it incumbent upon the Government, both in point of actual obligation and that the national honor may be maintained before the world, to provide the means for meeting the excess of expenditure which the action of its representative rendered necessary. With such assistance, to the extent of $5,000,000, the Exposi- tion Company believes it will be able to meet all demands. [See Flinn's Ilaml-Eook of the World's Columbian Exposition, for full information concerning the above; also illustrations relating thereto. For sale everywhere.] WORLDS COLUMBIAN EXPOSITION. 551 Progress of Construction. In April, 1892, the buildings of the Exposition had been so far advanced as to f ul y justify the prediction that they would all be in readiness for the inauguration ceremonies in October.The amount of work accomplished was simply marvelous. The actual erection of the Expo- sition buildings began in June, 1891. At this writing some of them are practically completed, while four thousand workmen are engaged in the com- pletion of the remainder. The scene at the Exposition grounds is one that will am ize the visitor. Never before on this continent has such a sight been witnessed. The visitor may reach the exterior of the Exposition grounds by taking a Cottage Grove avenue cable car to 57th street (fare 5 cents) or a park phreton at the entrance to Drexcl Boulevard (fare 35 cents). He will be carried by the northern end of the Exposition grounds, and from points on Midway Plaisance and Jackson Park may obtain views of the great build- ings. At Jackson Park he may take a trip on the "Moveable sidewalk," which is elevated about twenty feet above the park (fare 10 cents), from which he will obtain a belter view. Guides will point out the different buildings, and give other information of interest to the stranger. Following may be said to be the condition of the work upon the various buildings as this volume goes to press: WOMAN'S BUILDING. This is practically completed. It has all the appearance of a marble palace and is one of the handsomest structures on the grounds. It is the first that will be seen by the visitor approaching from Midway Plaisance. MINES BUILDING. Frame work and iron and glass roof completed. Exterior "staff " work almost finished. ELECTRICITY BUILDING. Frame work completed. The roof being finished. HORTICULTURAL BUILDING. Pavilions completed. West curtain of roof and windows in position. Iron work of dome in position and exterior orna- mentation begun. TRANSPORTATION BUILDING. Practically completed. Very little more to be done. ADMINISTRATION BUILDING. One of the crowning glories of the group. Structural work completed. "Staff" work almost finished. Iron work of great dome 170 feet from the ground, in position. MACHINERY HALL. This mammoth structure is in a fair stage of com- pletion; 6,000 supporting piers in position, superstructure advanced; founda- tion for annex laid and work advanced on the building. AGRICULTURAL BUILDING. Interior columns and gallery girders in position and great iron columns supporting the roof placed. This build- ing will consume 7.000.000 feet of lumber when completed. Over two-thirds of this has been utilized. MANUFACTURES AND LIBERAL ARTS BUILDING. The thirty and a half acres of flooring laid and superstructure rapidly approaching completion. The huge steel trufses for the roof which will contain more metal by 50 per cent, than the Brooklyn bridge are being raised into position. ART GALLERIES. Basement floor and brick walls completed. The structure in a very advanced stage of completion. FISHERIES BUILDING. Almost completed ; exterior work commenced; interior work progressing rapidly. FORESTRY BUILDING. Practically completed ; now being occupied by the model makers ; outside rustic woik being put on ; temporary roof being replaced by a thatched one. 552 GUIDE TO CHICAGO. DAIRY BUILDING. Almost completed. The Illinois building, the United States Government building and the Battleship are far advanced. Other buildings, state and foreign, are under way and will be completed early in the summer. The grounds are all laid out and the work of the landscape gardeners is progressing rapidly. Insurance is placed and increased on the buildings as their construction proceeds. The amount now carried is above $1,000,000. During the Exposi- tion, it is estimated not less than 150,000,000 or $200,000,000 of insurance will be carried on the buildings and exhibits. All possible precautions are taken against fire. The Exposition grounds are already provided with a full equipment of fire engines and apparatus. In the construction of the buildings about 60,000,000 feet of lumber and 18,000 tons of steel and iron will be used. In their adornment will be utilized nearly 84,000 pieces of ornamental "staff" work, of which about one-third are already completed. [See Flinn's Hand- Book of the World's Columbian Exposition, for full information concerning the above; also illustrations relating thereto, for sale everywhere. ] Water, Sewerage, Lighting, etc. To supply the Exposition buildings and grounds with water two plants aie being put in, one with capacity of 24,000,- 000 gallons a day, and the other of 40,000,000 gallons. Thus 64,000,000 gallons a day will be available. The pumping works and all of the great machinery furnishing power to the Exposition will be open to the inspection of visitors. A system for drainage, believed to be adequate and perfect, has been adopted. Perfect sewerage, too, is planned. All refuse from the cafes and kitchens, and from the lavatories and closets, of which 6,500 will be con- structed at an expense of some $450,000, will be received by injectors, and forced by compressed air through underground pipes into four huge tanks, where it will be treated chemically and rendered entirely inoffensive. Work upon these systems is progressing. Plans adopted for lighting the buildings and grounds provide for 138,218 electric lamps, of which 6,76(i are to be arc lamps of 2,000 candle-power each, and 131,452 incandescent, 16 candle-power each. The electric lighting will cost something like $1,500,000 and will be ten times as extensive as was employed at the Paris Exposition. The light and motive plant at the Expo- sition, it is estimated, will require 26,000 horse-power, of which 22,000 will be required for the electric plant. Transportation Matters. Transportation to and from the Exposition, both for visitors and exhibits, will be as perfect as it is possible to make it, both in the matter of facilities and rates. Greatly reduced rates on all rail- roads and some of the steamship lines will prevail. Definite arrangements are yet to be perfected. Much attention is being given to the question of furnishing abundant facilities for reaching the grounds from all parts of Chicago, and it can be asserted that existing means, already extensive, will be increased so that a maximum of 400,000 a day can be carried to and from the grounds. For the transportation of exhibits arrangements have already been made with nearly 500 railway and steamship lines, including all of the trunk railroads and more important lines in the United States. Ot these transporta- tion lines, 417 have agreed to charge regular tariff rates on exhibits to the WOKLD'S COLUMBIAN EXPOSITION. 553 Exposition, and to return them to starting points free of charge, provided their ownership remains unchanged. Thirty seven have agreed to charge half regular rates both ways, and thirty-three have promised to transport them free both to and from the Exposition. The Atlantic Transport Line of steamers, which runs freight steamships betwien Lond< u and New York, Philadelphia and Baltimore, will make no chaige on exhibits in either direc- tion, except on such as, owing to their excessive size or wtighl, require extra help in their handling. In such cases only the expmse'of the extra help will be charged. Foreign exhibits will be admitted free of all duly. 8uch exhibits, however, if sold in this country, will be subject to payment of regular customs duties. [See Flinri's Hand-Book of the World's Columbian Exposition, for full information concerning the above; also illustrations relating thereto. For sale everywhere. ] World's Congress Auxiliary. This constitutes the intellectual and moral branch of the Exposition. Its motto is, " Not Matter, but Mind." and it is organized to provide for the presentation, by papers, addresses and discus- sion, of the mental and moral status and achievements of the human race. Under its auspices, a series of congresses will be held in Chicago during the progress of the Exposition, in which, it is already assured, will participate a great many of the ablest living representatives in the various fields of intel- lectual effort and moral endeavor. The auxiliary embraces between fifteen and twenty main departments, such as literature, government, education, music, science, art, engineering, etc., in each of which are subdivisions. A program is being arranged for congresses in each of these departments and divisions, in which specialists and advanced thinkers may participate in dis- cussing the vital and important questions, and presenting the best and latest achievements of the human mind in each. During the Exposition the auxil- iary will have the use of a magnificent permanent art palace, which the Chi- cago Art Institute, aided by the Exposition Directory, is about erecting on the like front. This will have- two large audience rooms, each of 3,500 capacity, and from twenty to thirty smaller rooms, of capacity ranging from 300 to 750. The great Auditorium will also be utilized for the larger con- gresses, and numerous other halls are available when required. Each con- gress will be supervised by a committee of persons actively interested in its particular field, acceptance of such responsibility having already been given. The prospects are that fully 100 congresses altogether will be held. It is the intention to publish their proceedings in enduring form. Detailed informa- tion concerning the auxiliary, or any of its departments or divisions, can be obtained of its president, Charles C. Bonney. Board of Lady Managers. The participation of women in the Exposition promises to be one of its most interesting as well as novel features. With a commodious ard imposing building, designed by a young lady architect, and with an abundance of money, and with full recognition, indorsement, and aid by the United States Government and the Exposition Directory, the women have an opportunity of showing in the most signal manner, the condition of their sex throughout the world, what are the achievements of woman in the various branches of human endeavor, and what is her adaptability to different occcupations and lines of industrial and charitable work. Urder the direc- tion of the Board's president Mrs. Potter Palmer the work of organization, and of enlisting the interest of women throughout the United States and in foreign countrie , has progressed to a most satisfactory stage. 554 GUIDE TO CHICAGO. General Information. JACKSON PARK AND MIDWAY PLAISANCE. Jackson Park and Midway Plaisance the Exposition site are in the southeastern part of Chicago, and embrace 6(54 acres, with a frontage of about a mile and a half on Lake Michigan. Forty five miles of boulevard connect the site with the general park system of Chicgao, which embraces fifteen or more parks, aggregating 2,000 acres. PREPARING JACKSON PARK. Half a million dollars has already been expended in grading Jackson Park and dredging extensive waterways throughout it. Hundreds of thousands are yet to be spent for landscape gar- dening, fountains, statuary, pleasure boats, etc. A number of observation towers, from which excellent views of the buildings and grounds can be obtained, will be erected in different parts of the Park. RESTAURANTS AND CAFES. According to present plans fully 150 restau- rants and cafes will be in operation in the various buildings and about the grounds. These will be conveniently distributed, and will have an estimated aggregate seating capacity of 6,000 or 8,000. SPECIAL EXPOSITION FEATURES. Midway Plaisance, connecting Jackson Park with Washington Park, will be. occupied throughout itsentire length by special Exposition features largely of a foreign character, such ad the "Bazaar of All Nations," " Street in Cairo," "Street in Constantinople," "Moorish Palace," "Maori Village," etc., to which concessions have bten granted, and which, in their production, will represent the expenditure of hundreds of thousands of dollars. Panoramas, cycloramas, the sliding rail- way, etc. , will also be located there. ENTRANCE FEE. A single entrance fee, probably 50 cents, will entitle visitors to see the entire Exposition proper. The special attractions on Mid- way Plaisance w 11 make a moderate additional charge. HOTEL ACCOMMODATION. The hotel accommodations of Chicago, already very extensive, are being augmented by the erection of fully twenty new hotels, some of which are very large. Two million dollars or more are to be spent by the city and the park commissioners in putting the streets, parks, etc., in presentable condition against the influx of visitors. EXHIBITS. It may be said to be assured that the exhibits at the Exposi- tion will cover a wider range and be far more numerous than were ever before gathered together. They will present a picture of the condition and indus- trial progress of mankind in every quarter of the world, and of its achieve- ments in every branch of the sciences and arts. The Exposition classifica- tion embraces 12 departments, 176 groups and 967 classes. The application for space by intending exhibitors in the United States alone numbered 2,082 on January 1st. The number at the Philadelphia Centennial on correspond- ing date was 864. Applications from foreign exhibitors are reported very numerous and rapidly increasing. It seems assured that exhibitors will out- number those at any previous world's fair. The allotment of space will be made about June. The reception of exhibits will begin November 1, 1892, aud continue until April 10, 1893. No charge will be made for space for exhibits. DEDICATORY CEREMONIES. The Exposition buildings, as required by Act of Congress, will be dedicated "with appropriate ceremonies," on October 12, 1892, the 400th anniversary of the discovery of America by Columbus. The exercises will occupy three days, beginning on the llth and closing on the 13th with a grand dedication bull. The committee having the matter in charge has planned to make the ceremonies most impressive in character WORLD'S COLUMBIAN EXPOSITION. 555 Something like $300,000 will be spent to secure this end. The President of the United States and his Cabinet, the Senate and House of Representatives, the Governors of the several States with their staffs, and representatives of all foreign nations will be invited to be present. The mobilization of 10,000 militia and several thousand regulars is planned, as is also an imposing civic and industrial display. In the evenings there will be a magnificent display of .fireworks, and in the Park waterways a pageant of symbolical floats, repre- senting the "Procession of the Centuries." In the dedicatory exercises on the 12th, the completed buildings will be tendered by the President of the Exposition to the National Commission. President T. W. Palmer will accept them on behalf of that body and will at once present them to the President of the United States, who will fittingly respond. The dedicatory oration will follow. Much attention is being given to the musical portion of the pro- gramme. This will include a dedicatory ode and orchestra marches written for the occasion. These and other numbers, including "America" and "Star-Spangled Banner" will be rendered with full choral and orchestral accompaniment. NAVAL, REVIEW. In April, 1893, a grand international naval review, preliminary to the opening of the Exposition, as provided for by Act of Con- gress, will be held in New York harbor. Arrangements for this are now being made. [See Flinn's Hand-Book of the Worlds Columbian Exposition, for full information concerning the above; also illustrations relating thereto. For sale everywltere. ] PRELIMINARY WORK. Selection of Chicago. The idea of holding a World's Fair at some point in the United States, in celebration of the 400th anniversary of the discovery of America by Columbus, was first seriously considered in the summer of 1889, and it quickly received popular approval. As soon as it seemed prob- able that such a Fair would be held, several cities, notably New York .Chicago, St. Louis and Washington, entered into a spirited rivalry to be designated as the place of its location, and urged their respective claims before Congress with all the force and influence they could command. It was apparent from the start, almost, that either New York or Chicago would be selected. Chicago, with characteristic energy, formed an organization the World's Columbian Exposition embracing its most substantial business men, raised more than $5,000,000 by subscription, and pledged itself to increase the amount to $10,000.000, to be expended in behalf of the Fair. Chicago's superiority in many respects as a place for holding the Exposition was ; dmitted, and on the first ballot this city led New York by more than 40 votes. It captured the prize on the eighth ballot, receiving 157 votes to 107 for New York, 25 for St. Louis and 18 for Washington. The disappointment of its rivals soon wore off, and the selection of Chicago has now almost uni- versal approval. Act of Congress. The Act of Congress providing for the Fair was ap t tovid by President Harrison, April 25, 1890, and begins as follows; 556 GUIDE TO CHICAGO. Whereas, It is fit and appropriate that the four hundredth anniversary of the dis- covery of America be commemorated by an exhibition of the resources of the United States of America, their development, and of the progress of civilization in the new world ; and Whereas, Such an exhibition should be of a national and international character, BO that not only the people of our Union, and this Continent, but those of all nations, aa well, can participate, and should, therefore, have the sanction of the Congiess of the United States; therefore, BE IT ENACTED, by the Senate and House of Representatives of the United States of America, in Congress assembled, that an exhibition of arts, industries, manufactures, and product of the soil, mine and sea shall be inaugurated in the year eighteen hundred and ninety -two, in the City of Chicago, in the State of Illinois, as hereafter provided. The act then goes on with provisions, as summarized below, relative to the conduct of the Exposition. It provides for a national supervisory body, known as the World's Columbian Commission, to be appointed by the Presi- dent, composed of two commissioners and two alternates from each Slate and Territory and the District of Columbia, and eight commissioners and eight alternates at large, the commissioners and alternates from the States and Territories to be appointed upon nomination by their respective governors. Poicer of Commission. This Commission was empowered to accept such site for the Exposition and such plans and specifications for buildings as the local organization might determine upon and tender, provided said site and plans were deemed adequate, and it was first satisfied that the local organiza- tion had secured bona fide subscriptions to the amount of $5,000,000. and there was assured an additional $5,000,000 for Exposition purposes. It was also empowered to allot space for exhibitors, prepare a classification of exhibits, determine the plan and scope for the Exposition, award premiums, and gen- erally have charge of all intercourse with the exhibitors and representatives of foreign nations. In point of fact, a large share of these duties will really be performed by the local organization, under approval of the national body. The Commission was required also to appoint a board of Lady Managers for the Exposition, and to provide for the dedication, with appropriate cere- monies, of the Exposition buildings, on the 12th day of October, 1892. Proclamation. By the act, the President of the United States, when satisfied that the local corporation had made provision for suitable grounds and buildings, and had raised or provided for, a sum of not less than $10,000,- 000 for Exposition purposes, was directed to make proclamation of such facts and to invite foreign nations to take part in said Exposition, said proclama- tion to be communicated to the diplomatic representatives of foreign nations for publication in their respective countries. The President was also directed to hold a naval review in New York harbor in April, 1893, and to extend to foreign nations an invitation to send ships of war to join the United States navy in rendezvous at Hampton Roads and proceed thence to said review. Dutiable Articles Exhibited The Act specifies that all dutiable articles imported to be exhibited, and not intended for sale, shall be admitted free of duty and customs fees, and that such articles may be sold only subject to the established duties and under such regulations as the Secretary of the Treasury shall prescribe. Government Exhibits. The Government of the United States is required to exhibit, from its executive departments, Smithsonian Institution, Fish Commission, and National Museum "such articles and materials as illus- trate the function and administrative faculty of the government in lime of peace, and its resources-as a war power, tending to demonstrate thenaturcof [Engraved for The Siandard Guide Company."] M. A. RICHARDSO.\, JR., & CO., WASHINGTON BD. & CURTIS ST. [See "Guide."] WORLD'S COLUMBIAN EXPOSITION. 557 our institutions and their adaptation to the wants of the people." The Presi- dent is required to appoint a board to prepare and care for this exhibit, and the Secretary of the Treasury is directed to provide a suitable building to contain it, at an expense not exceeding $400,000. As a part of the govern- ment exhibit the Secretary of the Treasury is required to establish and fully equip a life-saving station, such as is in operation at various points on the coast of the United States. For the government exhibit entire and for the buildings to contain it, the Act appropriates $1,500,000. Such are the chief provisions of the act. Organization. Immediately upon the passage of the act, the work of organizing and preparation was begun, and it .has proceeded since as rapidly as the many obstacles incident to such a great undertaking would permit. From time to time difficulties and conflict of authority, threatening to be serious, arose between the National Commission and the Local Directory, but each one has been adjusted satisfactorily, and now harmony prevails and the work of preparation is going on smoothly and rapidly. President's Proclamation. In due time the National Commission reported to the President of the United States; who, upon its recommendation, issued this proclamation and invitation to the nations of the earth: By the President of the United States of America: A PROCLAMATION. WHEREAS, Satisfactory proof has been presented to me that provision has been made for the adequate grounds and buildings for the uses of the World's Columbian Exposition, and that a sum not less than $10,000,000, to be used nnd expended for the purposes of said Exposition, has been provided in accordance with the conditions and requirements of section 10 of an act, entitled "An Act to provide for celebrating the four-hundredth anniversary of the discovery of America by Christopher Columbus by holding an International exhibition of arts, industries, manufactures and the products of the soil, mine and sea, in the city of Chicago, in the State of Illinois," approved April 25, 1890. Now, THEREFORE, I, Benjamin Harrison, President of the United States, by virtue of the authority vested in me by said Act, do hereby declare and proclaim that such International Exhibition will be opened on the first day of May, in the year eighteen hundred and ninety-three, in the city of Chicago, in the State of Illinois, and will not be closed before the last Thursday in October of the same year. And in the name of the Government and of the people of the United States, I do hereby invite all the nations of the earth to take part in the commemoration of an event that is pre-eminent in human history and of lasting interest to mankind, by appointing representatives thereto, and sending such exhibits to the World's Columbian Exposition as will most fitly and fully illustrate their resources, their industries and their progress in civilization. IN TESTIMONY WHEREOF I have hereunto set my band and caused the seal of the United States to be affixed. Done at the city of Washington this twenty-fourth day of December, in the year of our Lord, one thousand eight hundred and ninety, and the independence of the United States the one hundred and fifteenth. By the President: BENJAMIN HARBISON. JAMBS G. BLAINK, Secretary of State. This proclamation, accompanied by a letter of the Secretary of State, regulations for foreign exhibitors, regulations of the Secretary of the Treasury governing the free importation of exhibits, and the prospectus of a proposed World's Congress Auxiliary of the World's Columbian Exposition, was sent to the following countries early in January : Argentine Republic, Siberia, Austria-Hungary, Mexico, Belgium, Netherlands, Paraguay and Uruguay, Brazil, Persia, Peru, Guatemala, Portugal, Salvador, Roumania, Nicaragua, Russia, Honduras, Servia, Costa Rica, Siam, Chili, Spain, China. Sweden and Norway, Colombia, Switzerland, Corea, Turkey, Den- mark. Venezuela, Ecuador, France, Germany, GreatBritain, Greece, Hawaiian Islands, Italy, Japan. 558 GUIDE TO CHICAGO. World's Congress Auxiliary. The World's Congress Auxiliary, referred to above, is an authorized adjunct of the World's Fair, and aims to supple- ment the exposition which that will make of the material progress of the world by a portrayal of the "wonderful achievements of the new age in science, literature, education, government, jurisprudence, morals, charily, religion and other departments of human activity, as tbe most effective means of increasing the fraternity, progress, prosperity and peace of man- kind." Virtually it will be a series of congresses at which the greatest thinkers of the world will discuss, among other themes, the following: I. The grrounds of fraternal union in the language, literature, domestic life, religion, science, art and civil institutions of different peoples. II. The economic, industrial and financial problems of the ago. III. Educational systems, their advantages and their defects; and the means by which they may best be adapted to the recent enormous increase in all departments of knowledge. IV. The practicability of a common language, for use In the commercial rela- tions of the civilized world. V. International copyright and the laws of intellectual property and commerce. VI. Immigration and naturalization laws, and the proper international privi- leges of alien governments, and their subjects, or citizens. VII. The most efficient and advisable means of preventing or decreasing pau- perism, insanity and crime; and of increasing productive ability, prosperity and vir- tue throughout the world. VIII. International law as a bond of union and a means of mutual protection; and how it may best be enlarged, perfected and authoritatively expressed. IX. The establishment of the principles of judicial justice, as the supreme lawof international relations, and the general substitution of arbitration lor war in the set- tlement of international controversies. The Site Agreed fTpcw. Jackson park, where the greater number of the Exposition buildings are to be, is beautifully situated on the lake shore seven miles southeast of the City Hall, and embraces 586 acres. Washington park is a mile or more nearer and has 371 acres. Midway Plaisance has 80 acres. Thus a total of 1,037 acres is available for the Exposition. The spacious grounds of the Washington Driving Park Association, adjoining Washington park on the south, will be used for certain stock exhibits. Upon these parks previous to their selection as the World's Fair site $4,000,000 was spent in laying out the grounds and beautifying them by lawns, flower-beds, shrub- bery, etc. The Exposition people will spend more than $1,000,000 in their further preparation. The contract for grading alone has been let at $397,000. These parks are connected with the center of the city and with the general park and boulevard system by more than thirty-five miles of boulevards from 100 to 300 feet in width. A description of the parks and boulevards will be found elsewhere in this volume. The projected improvements include additional walks and driveways, lakes, canals, fountains, statuary, a pier extending 1,500 feet into the lake, etc. Special Attractions. Among the many special attractions contemplated, which are outside of what may be considered the regular range of exhibits, may be mentioned a tower higher than the Eiffel, an $800,000 water palace, a naval exhibit including a reproduction of the Columbus fleet, a mine several hundred feet deep, pleasure boats propelled by electricity, captive balloons, a reproduction of an ancient Roman dwelling of the time of Pompeii, a Japan- ese village, a National portrait gallery, a band congress, and a children's chorus of 1,000 voices. Attractions of this sort will be chiefly of a private or semi private proprietorship, as was the Eiffel tower at the Paris Exposition. WORLD'S COLUMBIAN EXPOSITION". 559 Transportation. The facilities for reaching the Exposition from all parts of the city will be greatly increased by the time the opening occurs. They will include steam, electric and horse railways, cable cars, elevated roads, an extensive carriage and cab service, steamboat lines on the lake, and, perhaps, other means. An enormous attendance is anticipated, and it is the intention to provide not only ample transportation facilities, but every accommodation on the grounds for the convenience and comfort of visitors, no matter how numerous they may be. Police regulations will be as perfect as they can be made. Headquarters. The headquarters of the World's Columbian Exposition are, at present, in the Rand-McNally building oil Adams street, occupying three of the great floors. There are the offices of the National Commission, the Local Directory, the Lady Managers, the World's Congress Auxiliary, the ciiiefs of the several departments, committee rooms, etc., etc. No business house in the city presents more the appearance of a hive of industry than do the Exposition offices. The department of publicity and promotion is most busy of all. Upon it devolves the work of placing the Exposition its pur- pose, scope, condition, prospects, 3nd expected beneficial effects favorably before the eyes of the civilized world. Scarcely a day passes on which less than from 2,000 to 3,000 mail packages, containing information on the above points, are sent out from this department. [See FUnrfs Hand- Book of the World's Columbian Exposition, for full information concerning the above; also illustrations relating thereto. For sale everywhere.'] ATTRACTIONS OF THE EXPOSITION, ETC. A description of the thousands of attractions proposed and secured for the World's Columbian Exposition, together with information of a general character for the exhibitor and the visitor, with a guide to the Exposition grounds, full descriptions of buildings, etc , require a volume. Such a vol- ume has been compiled by Mr. John J. Flinn, compiler of the STANDARD GUIDE TO CHICAGO. It is called the " Hand Book of the World's Columbian Exposition," and consists of about 400 pages, profusely illustrated with beautiful engravings (specimens of which appear in this volume) of every building on the Exposition grounds, with scenes and miscellaneous informa- tion concerning the World's Fair and contains thousands of facts of interest to the visitor. In addition a large amount of matter is contained in this vol- ume covering the various other attractions of Chicago. The whole is supple- mented with a condensed Guide to Chicago, which must prove invaluable to the stranger. This volume is on sale everywhere throughout the civilized world. HAND BOOK OK WRITTEN AND COMPILED BY [Compiler of THE STANDARD GUIDE]. ILLUSTRATED . With Photo-Gravure Engravings of every Build- ing on the Exposition Grounds, Scenes, etc. A COMPLETE GUIDE FOR THE STRANGER. Paper Cover, fully illustrated Price, 50 cents Cloth Cover, fully illustrated Price, 75 cents Morocco Cover, fully illustrated Price, $1.00 A MILLION COPIES WILL BE SOLD. FREQUENT REVISED EDITIONS. ALL ADVERTISEMENTS TO RUN UNTIL CLOSE OF EXPOSITION. Per Page, Body of Book .$200.00 Per Page, Front of Book 100.00 Per Page, Back of Book 50.00 THE STANDARD GUIDE COMPANY, 358 DEARBORN ST., CHICAGO, U.S.A. PART V. THE GUIDE. Before your train reaches the city you will .be approached by one of Parmelee'a agents, who will, if you desire it, take up your railroad baggage checks, giving you receipts for the same, and undertake to deliver your trunk to any hotel or any past of the city within the old limits for fifty cents. Each additional trunk, twenty-five cents. For fifty cents additional he will give you a ticket which wi .1 entitle you to transfer by omnibus to any other railroad depot, or to any hotel in the center of the city. The Parmelee company is perfectly responsible and its agents may be trusted fully. The stranger arriving in Chicago for the first time, if in doubt as to the course to be pur. fcued, in leaving the train should consult the uniformed depot agents, or depot police- men, who may be depended upon for reliable information. Hansom cabs, coupes, hacks, carriages, etc., stand outside every depot. Before entering a vehicle make an arrangement with the driver, in order that there 1 may be no misunderstanding after- ward. Hack and Cab Rates. The rates of fare for hacks, according to city ordinances, are as follows: For conveying one or two passengers from one railroad depot to another railroad depot, one dollar. For conveying one Or two passengers not exceeding one mile, one dollar. For conveying one or two passengers any distance over one mile and less than two miles; one dollar and fifty cents. For each additional two passengers of the same party or family, fifty cents. For conveying one or two passengers any distance exceeding two miles, two dollars. For each additional passenger of the same party or family, fifty cents. For conveying children between five and fourteen years of age, half the above price may be charged for like distance; but for children under five years of age, no charge shall be made- providing that the distance from any railroad depot, steamboat landing: or hotel to any other railroad depot, steamboat landing or hotel shall, in all cases, be estimated as not exceeding one mile. For the use per day of any hackney coach or other vehicle, drawn by two horses or other animals, with one or more passengers, eight dollars. For the use of any such carriage or vehicle by the hour, with one or more passen- gers, with the privilege of going from place to place and stopping as often as may be required, as follows: For the first hour, two dollars; for each additional hour or part of an hour, one dollar. Every passenger shall be allowed to have conveyed upon each vehicle, without charge, his ordinary traveling baggage, not exceeding in any case one trunk and twenty-five pounds of other baggage. For every additional package, where the whole weight of baggage is over one hundred pounds, if conveyed to any place within the old city limits, the owner or driver shall be permitted to charge fifteen cents. Rates of fare for hansom cabs and other one-horse vehicles are regulated by city ordinance as follows : The prices or rates of fare to be asked or demanded by the owners or drivers of cabs or other vehicles drawn by one horse or other animal for the conveyance of pas- sengers for hire shall be not more than as follows : One mile or fraction thereof, for each passenger for the first mile, twenty-five cents. One mile or fraction thereof, for any distance after first mile, for one or more passeng-ers, twenty-five c nts. For the first hour, seventy-five cents. For each quarter-hour additional after first hour, twenty cents. For service outside of city limits and in the parks, for the first hour, one dollar. For each quarter-hour additional after the first hour, twenty-five cents. 501 562 GUIDE TO CHICAGO. The provision regarding amount of baggage allowed free, and rates of charge tot excess is the same as in the Hack Ordinance. ,The following rates of fare should be posted conspicuously in every Hansom cab: One mile or less, for each passenger, twenty-five cents. Each additional mile or fraction thereof, one or two passengers, twentv-flve cents. For one stop or wait of not over five minutes no charge will be made. For over five minutes, or more than one stop or wait, ten cents will be charged for each ten minutes or part thereof. Packages too large to be carried inside will be charged ten cents. For one or two persons, per hour,~within four mile limit, seventy -five cents. For each quarter-hour additional, or fraction thereof, twenty cents. For one or two persons, per hour, outside four-mile limit, also Lincoln Park, one dollar. For each quarter-hour additional, or fraction thereof, twenty-five cents. When continuous stop of one-half hour or more is made, the charge per hour will be at the rate of seventy cents. When service is desired by the hour; it must be so btated at the time of engaging the cab, otherwise the distance rate will be charged. Hour engagements, when the cab is discharged at a distance of over half a mile from the stand, the time necessary to return to the stand will be charged for. No time engagements will be made for less than the price for one hour. In case of attempted imposition or exorbitant charges on the part of the driver, pay him nothing until you shall have called a policeman. The city of Chicago guards the interests of strangers closely and jealously, and no imposition will be tolerated. Do not compromise the matter "in order to save trouble." The welfare of strangers generally require that each one shall refuse to accede to unjust demands. HOTELS AND BOARDING HOUSES. The Hotels of Chicago are of great number and variety. The largest and grandest of them are described elsewhere. [See Hotels.] It would be impossible to tell the stranger just where to stop. A great deal depends upon the taste and means of the visitor. The rates charged by the respectable hotels of Chicago run all the way from $3.00 to 85.00 per day, depending in great measure upon the hotel selected, and upon the location of rooms. Good rooms at the leadingEuropean hotels,or hotels where rooms and meals are paid for separately,can be obtained for $1.00 per day. Restaurant meals may be had at from 25 to 50 cents. Hotel meals are served at from 50 cents to $1.00. Should you prefer a private boarding house, you will have no diffi- culty in finding one, where you may procure a room and board at from $4.00 to $10.00 per week. At the latter figure excellent accommodation may be obtained in any of the best neighborhoods of the city. Boarding houses may be found advertised in large numbers in the daily newspapers. If you advertise for a boarding house you will receive a large number of responses. Select some place, if possible, south of Twenty- second st. and east of Wabash ave.; don't be afraid of going south; north of Chicago ave. and east of LaSalleave.; don't be afraid of going north, west of Ashland ave. and south of Madison to Jackson, or north of Madison to Park ave.; the farther west the bet- ter. Having installed yourself at a hotel, a boarding house or at the house of a friend, and put your affairs in order, you will doubtless be prepared and even anxious to see the city. If you will follow me during the next thirty-one days, I will try to show you every thing of interest, and give you all the information I have been able to collect concerning the places we visit and the sights we see. FIRST DAY. We will make the City Hall our starting point, for the reason that it is one of the most central, as well as one of th/3 most prominent, structures in the city. This build- ing and the Cook County Court House, adjoining, stand upon the site of the first Court House erected in Chicago, and also, upon the site of the Court House destroyed in the great fire of 1871. The old Court House stood ia the center of the block, and was sur- rounded by a green lawn, in the nature of a park. It was a handsome building as buildings went in those days, and had a tower in which there was a clock and a great THE GUIDE. 5G3 bell. This bell rang out in doleful peal8 on the fatal Sunday night in October, 1871, almost up to the moment the tower became enveloped in flames. After the fire the bruised and battered bell was taken from the ruins by an enterprising firm and worked up into souvenirs watch charms, breast pins, etc., which found a ready sale and com- manded good prices. So great was the demand that several hundred tons of old bell metal were consumed in supplying it before the intelligent public began to suspect that there was anything wrong. The foundations of the new Court House were laid in 1876. The labor troubles incident to the hard times in 1877 induced the city govern- ment to begin work on the City Hall in that year. The building was commenced under the administration of Mayor Heath and finished under the administration of Mayor Harrison. It is a stately pile, as you perceive, and its architecture would be called Grecian by a person not over particular in regard to such matters. Although its gen- eral style has been subjected to much severe criticism, it is something in its favor to say that, notwithstanding the numerous magnificent piles which have been erected in its neighborhood during recent years, it is still the most striking and, altogether, the handsomest structure in the city. These remarks are applicable, of course, to the Court House, which in design and finish differs very little from the City Hall. If any- thing, the Court House is a little the handsomer of the two, because the city was retrenching when the City Hall was being constructed, and a number of costly details which entered into the Court House were dropped. The City Hall building as it is to-day cost, exclusive of the ground upon which it stands, very nearly $1,800,000. The cost of the Court House exceeds this figure by nearly $1,000,000, but that much money additional didn't go into the structure. A great part of it was used in bribery, in election expenses and in riotous living. If the walls could speak they would tell the story of the most corrupt period in the history of Cook cou ty politics. Some of the living ex-county commissioners, by the way, could, if they felt inclined, tell it just as well. But this is a digression. The City Hall occupies half the block bounded by Washington st. on the south, Randolph st. on the north, La Salle st. on the west, and Clark st. on the east. We enter it from the Washington st. side, passing into the tunnel-like corridor which runs the entire length of the basement from Washington to Randolph st. The first offices to our left are those occupied by The Health Department. Here the Commissioner of Health, a gentleman appointed by the Mayor, is in charge. He has a large and expensive corps of assistants, as you have learned from this volume already, and from these rooms the sanitary condition of the city is supposed to be regulated. The Health Department looks after our back- yards, our back alleys and our back streets, where nobody else appears to be inter- ested. It also takes a peep into our great factories, sees that work-shops are not over crowded, and protects the better classes from infection arising out of the districts occupied by the other classes. It also vaccinates us on demand, and sends us to the small-pox hospital at times, if we have neglected the modern precaution of inocula- tion. But small-pox in Chicago is very rare, and the " pest house " keeper of late years has been living a life of ease and drawing the salary of a sinecure. If you will step inside they will tell you that Chicago is the healthiest city on earth. Only eighteen out of every thousand of us die or get run over or fall down elevator shafts every year. Just across the corridor to your left is The City Detective Office. The people, and more especially the newspapers, of Chi- cago are inclined to be cynical. You will probably hear that the city detectives are organized for the purpose of allowing criminals to escape, and that the safest place for a thief is under the very nose of one of the municipal sleuths, but you must pay no attention to this kind of talk, for, while the detectives capture thousands of rogues every year, they are seldom spoken of unless in connection with the escape of some 564 GUIDE TO CHICAGO. criminal. The city detectives do a great deal of really creditable work every year that the public is never informed of. The real clever men in the detective department are modest and unknown, so that when somebody points out to you on the street a person with the make-up of a Vidoq and calls him one of the shrewdest sleuths on the force, you may assume that this person is a detective for parade purposes only. Inside the detective department is the " sweat-box," where criminals or suspected criminals are subjected to the " pumping " process before they are regularly committed. Some out- rages have been committed in this same " sweat-box," and it isn't popular with the people. It smacks of the inquisition, and the methods sometimes pursued in " pump- ing" prisoners are repugnant to the American idea of fair play. The detectives dress in plain clothing. They are generally picked from the police force proper and are pre- sumed to be intelligent men. Across the corridor to the left is the Central Detail Station. This is in reality a sub-station of the First Precinct, but at the same time, by reason of its situation, is the most important police station in the city. In olden times that is, about twenty -five years ago when Lake st. was the leading retail thoroughfare of the city, the handsomest men on the police force were detailed for duty upon its crossings. These men composed what came to be known as "The Lake Street Squad." Later on, as the city grew and other streets became as great as Lake and .even greater, additional details of a like character were drawn from the force proper. Then the ralroad depots and bridges demanded men. Finally the various squads were consolidated into the Central Detail. The police of this detail perform day duty in the center of the city, exclusively. They have charge of the bridges, railroad depots public places generally and street crossings. In the night they are relieved by patrolmen from the First Precinct Station. There is a procession of visitors to the Central Detail Station all day long. The great majority of minor crimes are committed in the business district. Pick-pockets, sneak thieves, confidence men, etc., arrested by the detectives, are brought in here. Here also reports are received from all the precinct stations. We are shown into The Repor ters' Boom Where reporters of the city press may be found from morn to midnight and from midnight till rosy morn, waiting and watching for the reports which come over the telephone, or are handed in by special messengers from the various precinct stations. Here the first news of accidents, murders and crimes generally is received. When a crime or accident of unusual importance is reported the represen- tatives of the press immediately notify their city editors by telephone, and are relieved of further responsibility, as men are dispatched from the newspaper offices to the scene of the occurrence. Minor affairs only, as a rule, are followed up by the police report- ers, who are expect d to remain at or near their posts constantly until relieved. Many of the leading journalists of the city have begun as police reporiers. The Central Station is a great school for newspaper men, as there is an opportunity here of becom- ing acquainted with every phase of metropolitan existence. Along the corridor various other offices are devoted to the affairs of the police department, but the work done is principally clerical and uninteresting. To our left as we move toward the north are the Fire Alarm Offices. These are interesting to visitors. Here all alarms of fire are received, and from these offices all alarms are sounded on the gongs of the numerous engine-houses and the alarm bells of the city. The apparatus as you see is beautiful ; its operation is marvelous. At first sight, all those instruments of shining brass and nickel, ever maintained at the highest state of polish, may appear complicated, but to the operators they are simplicity itself. While you are looking on, the simple turning of a switch may arouse the entire fire department, and for that matter the entire city; but you have no knowledge that perhaps a neighborhood is in a stat^ of panic, for the silent fluttering of a hand on one of the dials or the almost imperceptible clicking of an THE GUIDE. 565 instrument no larger than your hat are meaningless to you. While the fire department is buttling with the "demon destroyer," as the country reporter loves to call it, and a howling, crazy mob is being held in check by the police, the operator sits here in peace and quiet, waiting for the "out" signal, which is sometimes too long delayed for the good of the public and the happiness of the fire insurance companies. We can spend an hour in here very pleasantly and very profitably, if the operators are not too busy to talk. We walk to the end -of the corridor, ascend one flight of stairs to the first floor, and move toward the south along a higher and a brighter corridor. To our left is the City Collector's Office Where clerical work only is performed, the city collector being a person who has much to do with licenses, brewers and saloon-keepers, but across the hall ere The Water Offices Several in number, and all more or less crowded during business hours. Here we pay our water rates, make complaints about leakages, arrange for supplies, etc. Turn back to " Water Works " in this book, notice the revenues of the department, and you will comprehend what an immense amount of business all these clerks transact every day. A little further on are the offices of the Department rf Public Works, Here the entire machinery connected with the public works of thaoity of Chicago is operated. This includes so much that it would require half a day to tell you all about it. The Public Works Department, however, cares for our streets, our sewers, our bridges, our viaducts, etc.; besides, it plans and executes all improvements, and supervises the operation of corporations, such as street car com- panies, gas companies, electric companies, etc., whenever these corporations are granted franchises to tear up or occupy our streets, and that means a great deal more than you will be able to understand during a brief visit to Chicago, for private corporations are granted privileges here that they would not dare ask perhaps in the city you came from. Turning to the left, into the passage leading toward the Court House, we come to Police Headquarters Where we find the superintendent, assistant superintendent and other general officers of the force. From these offices the police department is managed, and, generally speaking, well managed. Passing along we come to room 32, the Mayor's Offices. There is a large outer office and a smaller inner office. In the former we find one of the Mayor's private secretaries, and it depends entirely on the disposition of this young man whether we find the Mayor in the latter. If this privi- lege is accorded us, we tind a man of the ordinary Chicago stamp a business man, per- haps, or a business man turned politician. He is not robed in scarlet, norwigged in tow. He wears a business suit, has on a business smile, and gives us a business salutation. Although the chief executive officer of one of the grandest cities in the world, he may, if his digestion be good to-day, shake you by the hand like an ordinary mortal. For it is one of our prime characteristics in this glorious country to seem less than we are. We can be dignified without being insolent. This is something the small officials of your European cities have yet to learn. The Mayor of Chicago is a busy man. Let us leave him. Next door is The Comptroller's Office Where the finances of the city are accounted and kept m order. The comptroller, though not the custodian of public money, is supposed to know just where it is, what the city's resources are, how its credit stands, etc., etc. Across the hall from him are the City Clerk's Offices Where the accounts of the municipality in all their multi- formity are supposed to be accurately kept. Up another flight of stairs and we are on the Second Floor, where we find offices given over to the various bureaus of the 566 GUIDE TO CHICAGO. Public Works Department, Sewers, Drains, Buildings, Maps, etc., etc., and in the lateral corridor are two court rooms, occupied by a Superior and Circuit judge, retpect- ively. The floor above is given up partly to the Law department, and partly to The Public School Department. Here is the Board of Education Chamber, the superintendent's office, the manager's office, the secretary's office, etc. We can get here a great deal of information about our public school system. There are offices on this floor also for the accommodation of special teachers in mus'c. drawing, etc. A large chamber on this floor is also reserved for the Board of Election Commissioners. On the Fourth Floor is The Council Chamber A large and handsome assembly room, where the sixty- eight aldermen meet and legislate for the people. The remainder of this floor is occu- pied by The Public Library, which is described in this book. We will be able to spend the remainder of the day very pleasantly here, if we can interest the librarian or one of his assistants in our behalf* There are more books circulated by this library now than by any other in the United States, not even excepting Boston's. The collection of books is very complete and is being added to annually. At the present rate of increase we will have one of the largest libraries in the world within a very few years. I have not called your attention to the crowds in the City Hall, because it wasn't necessary. You have been jostled by them at every stage of our trip. What so many men are doing here all daylong I can't tell you, because I don't know. But they are to be found here every day, hanging around the corridors, with no apparent aim in life, and, judg- ing from the faces of most of them, without much hope in a hereafter. A great many of them are political "wire-pullers," "workers in the wards," " friends " of the office holders, etc. The fact that they have some connection in some mysterious way with men occupying influential positions prevents the police from arresting them on charges of vagrancy. SECOND DAY. We meet again at the City Hall, and, if you wish, we will take a look at the cells in the basement, also at the collection of stolen goods in the hands of the custodian. This will not require much time, because the cells are not very numerous here nor is the custodian's collection particularly interesting. We will go over to the Court House, entering this building also from the Washington street side. And here it might be remarked that the main entrance to the Court House is up a flight of granite steps in the center of the structure on Clark street. The main entrance to the City Hall is by a similar flight of steps on La Salle street. Both entrances are grand in pro- portion and beautiful in design. But it is more convenient to begin at the very bot- tom. We enter another tunnel-like corridor, and, before proceeding farther, I might as well tell you that the entire building is occupied by the various county officers and courts; that, immense as it is, it fails to accommodate all of them, some of the offices and courts being located in the Criminal Court building on the North Side, and that two additional stories are to be put on this building before the close of 1892. How it will look with two more stories I don't know. It is claimed that the symmetry of the structure will be destroyed. Certain it is that if two stories are not also added to the City Hall the latter building will present an extremely dumpy and unsatisfactory appearance. The original design was never carried out. There was to be a great dome over the united buildings. The city and county failed to agree to the expendi- ture of the requisite money, and the dome was dropped out. With a six-story Court House and a four-story City Hall, of course a dome in the future will be out of the question, unless the City Hall side of it is to be supported on props. Tljis might be picturesque, but it would hardly be considered in the light of anartistic triumph. Yet. THE GUIDE. 567 Chicago has passed through so many ordeals unscathed that we have reason to hope that the Cou.t House-City Hall question will be settled to everybody's satisfaction in the end. Passing a number of uninteresting county offices we come to the County Recorder's Office -Where all transfers of real property in Cook county are registered. As settlement of questions of ownership must finally be determined by the records of this office, its importance will be understood. The great fire of 1871 destroyed a'.l the records of Cook county, and it was a herculean task to restore Ihem. The most important of these records, of course, were those upon which the owner- ship of real estate was established, or proved. Many thousands of deeds were also lost in the great fire, so that endless confusion and litigation might have resulted had there not been in existence here private institutions which kept abstracts of all land or real estate titles. [See Abstracts of Title.] These assisted very materially in straightening things out, and with the aid of experts in the business the county was soon in possession once more of complete records. The business of the Recorder's office is extremely dry and tedious, yet you will be interested in watching the people who are constantly handing in deeds and mortgages through a little window to be recorded, and constantly receiving them through another little window after they have been recorded. Most of them are lawyers, lawyers' clerks, ral estate dealers and money brokers. Passing other offices of minor importance, we come to those occu- pied by The Sheriff At the extreme northeasterly corner of the building. The sheriff is elected bv the people, as perhaps you know, and has the peace and good older of the county in his especial ch trge. Yet, as the city of Chicago covers the greater part of the county just now, or, at least, the most important part of it, the police duties of the sheriff are rather limited. He looks after the jail and the courts, his deputies being, as it were, like the sand on the sea-shore. The bailiffs are his underlings, and the liti- gant is his victim. From the sheriff's offices all summonses of the State courts are served. One of the duties of this official is to hang a man, for example's sake, period- ically. But he does this by contract, as he does nearly everything else, from the feed- ing of jail prisoners to the suppression of public tumults. In the basement, near the sheriff's office, we also find The Coroner's Office. The coroner has a number of deputies [see Coroner's Inquests], and in a big city like Chicago they are all naturally kept busy. There are sudden deaths, suicides, deaths from accident, homicides and murders to be investi- gated, and the coroner and his deputies must be on hand before the funerals take place. The deputies must be acquainted with all languages and must speak many of them, the English tongue, strange as it may appear, being the least requisite in the transaction of their business. This might be explained easily by saying that the great majority of the working people of the city, among whom accidents are the most fre- quent, are foreigners. Climbing a flight of stairs we reach the first, or main floor of the Court House. Here The County Clerk's Office invites our attention, because of the multitude of clerks we see inside nearly every one of whom wears a light blonde moustache. The fact that the county clerk is invariably a German or an Irishman, perhaps accounts for this. The clerks are nice young men, as a rule, and will answer any questions you may put to them, if they understand your language. In the county clerk's office we find the marriage license clerk. [See Marriage License*.] It will be interesting to remain here an hour and take note of the persons who apply for legal permission to wed. Most of them are gawky young men. Why they should be gawky it is hard to say, but a young man who is naturally easy in his manner becomes a gawk when he has any busi- ness of this kind on hand. He isn't used to it, and he is afraid that something will 5G8 GUIDE TO CHICAGO. happen to prevent the consummation of his wishes. Many are widowers who are will ing- to take another risk, and not a few are men who have oeen divorced for cause. He is a very rare sort of man who can not somehow, somewhere or sometime find a mate, and we see here all sorts and conditions of male humanity from the bandy-legged to i he hump-backed who have proposed and have been accepted. Our next stopping place is The County Treasurer's Office. I will have to ask you to refer to the index that you may acquaint yourself with the condition of Cook county finances. This is no place for dry details, nor for figures. We pay our taxes here; we pay a great deal of money into the County Treasurer's hands for taxes every year, and he pays a great deal out to meet the current and other expenses of county government. If all the money received and paid out had been honestly applied duricg the past twenty-five years, we might have had a gold-burnished dome on the top of the City Hall and Court House buildings to-day, besides a number of other things equally desirable if not quite so ornamental. But the tax-payers are not grumbling. In view of all the circumstances they congratulate themselves that even a small percentage of the revenue has been used for public purposes. Of late years the stealing' has not been so great, principally because the opportunities have not been so numerous. The County Treasurer's office is one of the most interesting in the Court House, for here we find people who have, by honest toil and industry, secured solid property, cheer- fully, though not voluntarily, contributing their share towards the payment of public expenses. Men and women, old and young, are here, native and foreigner, with their tax bills in one hand and their purses or rolls of money in the other, awaiting their turn in the long lines that radiate from the different windows. Going up another flight of stairs we find ourselves among The Courts. Including the County and Probate courts there are nineteen halls of justice in the Court House. Some of these are Superior and some Circuit courts. The difference between them you would not appreciate if told. They have practically equal jurisdiction. Only the civil courts, however, are held here. The criminal courts are held on the North Side in the Criminal Court building. The court rooms, together with the Superiorjand Circuit court clerk's offices, occupy the second, third and fourth floors of the Court House. The court rooms are all handsomely finished. They are generally crowded. If you see one you see all. Saturday is given over to divorce cases in the Superior courts, and, if your taste lies in that direction, you might spend a highly enjoyable day listening to the testimony and looking at the complain- ants, witnesses and other spectators. The court crowd is always a motley one, and mostly a rather interesting one. There are men and women who, like little Miss Flight, spend day after day in these courts, with no other object in view than the satis- faction of an insane or an idle curiosity. They will listen to the dreariest testimony with a degree of interest that fills the wearied juror and jaded judge with shame. On the top floor of this building is the Law Library [see Law Institute], -which is well stocked with legal literature and works of reference for the common use of members of the bar. We will look through the courts, and, if you wish, listen to some of the testimony or to the monotonous drawl of some attorney who is citing 17 New York 438, or U Arkansas 139, and after that you will be tired enough to go home. I'll meet you on the La Salle street steps of the City Hall in the morning. THIRD DAY. To-day I propose that we shall begin on Lake street and walk pouth on La Salle street toward the Board of Trade We will not be able to reach that building by night, for there will be many attractions to detain us on the way among them some of the grandest and greatest buildings on the globe. But we can begin to-morrow [Engraved for The Standard Guide Company.] PRESBYTERIAN CHURCH, PULLMAN, CHICAGO. [See "Great Industries."] THE GUIDE. 569 where we leave off this evening. La Salle is now and has been for many years the money street of the city. It is a street given over almost exclusively to banking, brokerage, insurance, real estate and general office purposes. Dearborn street is its only rival. It is safe to say, that there is a greater amount of business transacted on La Salle than on any street in the city. All this business, outside of the transactions in the Board of Trade, is done in offices, and to meet the demand for offices the immense and elegant structures which line the street on either side were erected. Before reaching these, however, we must notice The Marine Building. On the northeast corner of Lake and La Salle, not so much on account of its size or beauty, but because of the associations connected with it. The building was originally erected to accommodate " The Marine Bank," at one time a great financial institution, at the head of which was the late John Young Scam- mon. Mr. Scammon came out of the great fire with wealth, went heavily into real estate operations, purchased a newspaper, was interested in every enterprise of import- ance, and went under in the panic of 1873, when the Marine bank failed, and his prop- erty was scattered to the four winds. Before his death, however, he had recovered from the blow, and regained a great part of his fortune. The building, which has recently been enlarged and reconstructed, is owned by the Marine Association, which is composed of Charles L. Hutchison, Henry C. Durand, John H. Dwight and C. H. Hamill. It is a seven-story structure, architecturally ornate and perfect in all its appointments and conveniences. To our right, near the mouth of the tunnel, we come upon a three-story building, No. 49, under the cornice of which we see the name Jackson Hall. This was " Long " John Wentworth's contribution to the rebuilding of Chicago. It will not be deemed unkind to the memory of the dead, but rather the statement of an historical fact, when I tell you that perhaps there has never lived in Chicago a man with the means of doing much within his grasp who did less for the material benefit of the city than " Long " John Wentworth. And it would not be worth while to speak of. this here were it not for the other historical fact that during the greater part of his life-time " Long " John Wentworth talked like a man who had built this city at his own expense and presented it, ready-made, to the public. On the opposite side of the street, across the mouth of the tunnel, is the Metropolitan block, a fine building of the fire period, but hardly up to the present standard. Just over the way, No. 48, is the office of the Spalding Lumber Company. Here you will see, at his desk in a little ante-room, the Hon. Jesse Spalding, millionaire lumber- man, formerly collector of this port ; at present one of the government directors of the Union Pacific railroad, and a man of great prominence and large influence on the republican side of politics. A plain man is " Uncle Jesse," as he is familiarly called, and as hard a worker as you will find on the street. " Uncle Jesse " and Uncle " Phil " Armour the 20-millionaire, whom we will see farther down are great chums and mutual admirers. A genuine regard, bordering upon schoolboy affection, exists between them. These two men might have left off work ten years ago with fortunes large enough to make themselves and their families comfortat.le during all the years of their lives, but they are happier at their desks than they could possibly be any- where else. On our right, at the southwest corner of Randolph street, is the remod- eled Lafayette building, where you will find a number of ocean steamship agencies .and the French consul. On the opposite side of the street, for an entire block, is the La Salle street front of the City Hall. To your right, on the corner of the alley, is the Merchants' National Bank which occupies a building made notorious in 1877 by the failure of the State Savings Institution, of which D. D. Spencer was president. The failure of this bank caused great distress among a very large number of indus- 570 GUIDE TO CHICAGO. trious working people, and resulted in two or three suicides. Spencer fled to Europe, and lived in the vicinity of Stuttgart for several years. He returned to Chicago recently, a broken-down man. The failure of the State Savings Institution was fol- lowed by the closing of the Fidelity Savings Bank, the Merchants', Farmers' and Mechanics' (" Bee Hive ") Savings Bank, and some others, and brought savings institu- tions generally into disrepute. The bank at present occupying the building is one of the most substantial in the country. [See Merchants' National Bank.] On the northwest corner of Washington street is the Merchants' building, in which is located the National Bank of Americaone of our leading tanking houses. [See National Bank of America.] The Merchants' building was erected shortly after the fire, when sandstone was the favorite building material, and when it was customary to carry the main floor to some height above the street level. It was one of the finest buildings in the city until the new era of architecture set in. Directly across Washington street, on the next corner to our right, is the Union Buildin g. This structure is one of the most familiar in the city, because it is occupied in part as the central office of the Western Union Telegraph Company. Here are to be found the Atlas National Bank, the State Bank of Illinois (Felsenthal, Gross & Miller) and the International Bank all reputable financial concerns. On the second floor are the offices of the Western Associated Press, from which news is dis- tributed throughout the country. On the third, fourth and fifth floors are the general offices and operating rooms of the Western Union Telegraph Company. The head- quarters of the Military Division of the Missouri were located on the fourth floor of this building for many years, and Gen. Phil Sheridan occupied the corner room of that story facing Washington and La Salle sts., from the completion of the building after the fire until his assumption of the generalship of the army. The Union National Bank occupied the corner of the first floor for a number of years, and it was during this time that W. F. Coolbaugh, its president, committed suicide at the foot of the Douglas monument. Across the street, on the southeast corner of Washington and La Salle, is the famous Chamber of Commerce Building. This structure occupies the site of the old Chamber of Commerce which was erected immediately after the fire and which was occupied by the Board of Trade until the great commercial edifice at the foot of the street was completed. The new Chamber of Commerce building is in many respects the finest commercial structure in the world and certainly one of the grandest office buildings in the United States. The property upon which itstands cost $650,000, and the building itself has cost Messrs. Hannah, Lay Company^the owners, over $1,000,000. Standing upon the mosaic floor on the first story in the center of the bui'ding, throw- ing back your head and looking up, you will see twelve balconies with their bronzed railings rising in perfect symmetry above you.. Away at the top and crowning this grand central court is probably the largest skylight in the world. It is a plate-glass arch thirty-five feet wide and 1C8 feet long, and its weight is supported on iron and copper frames which rest upon iron* trusses. The frame is bronzed and finished hand- somely. Through this mammoth window in the roof a perfect flood of light penetrates the central court, so that the interior of the building is almost as brightly illuminated as the exterior during the day. As you look up, if your neck will bear the strain, you will notice that not a post or a pillar is visible along the sides or between the twelve balconies, other than those at the north and south ends, the intervening stretch being perfectly clear and free from obstruction. The twelve balconies are supported on the cantilever principle. There are 500 office rooms in this structure, every one of which is perfectly lighted. The thir- THE GUIDE. 571 teenth floor is finished as handsomely as the first. You will notice that the marble used in the wainscoting from top to bottom is perfectly matched, the grain running through from slab to slab as perfectly as it did in its native Italian quarry. All of this marble was quarried in Italy and finished in Belgium for this building. The mosaic floors contain billions of separate marble blocks, and present a beautiful as well as a novel sight to the visitor. The ceiling of the main entrance is a charming bit of mosaic work ; the bronze railings and elevator shaft gratings are all highly finished. Eight passenger cars and two great freight cars are constantly moving up and down between the thirteen stories of this magnificent structure. We will go to the top, the time consumed in the trip being a minute and a quarter, counting stoppages. Looking down, the people on the floor of the court below seem like pigmies. The height makes us dizzy and we move away from the bronzo railing feariug that the natural but unaccountable temptation to throw ourselves over it may gain the mas- tery^af us. The Chamber of Commerce building is a city within itself. There are more people doing business inside its walls than you will find in many prosperous towns, and the amount of business transacted here daily equals that done in some of the most pretentious communities in the country. Every branch of commerce and nearly every profession is represented here. We can spend a couple of hours here very pleasantly, strolling along the different balconies and taking observations of the mul- titude of people who are constantly streaming into and out of the elevator care. Leaving the Chamber of Commerce, we find that it is almost noon, and we will take a lunch at Kern's, across the way, or at Kohlsaat's, on the corner of the court, east of the Chamber of Commerce building. In either place we will witness an interesting sight. Thousands of business men, clerks, etc., flock to these and similar restaurants in the business center daily, where they partake of hasty luncheons, made up princi- pally of sandwiches, pie, coffee and buttermilk. The food is generally well prepared, butlt is eaten with a haste, as a rule, which does much toward ruining the health and souring the dispositions of our people. As we move down La Salle st., after luncheon, we pass, on our right, the Mercantile Building. Here we find the old and respectable banking house of Qreenebaum & Sons [see Greenebaum & Sons], and on the corner of the alley just south the other equally respectable banking house of A. Loeb & Bro. Lower down, on the northeast corner of La Salle and Madison sts. is the Metropolitan National Bank [see Metropolitan National Bank], and across the street from this, on the northeast corner, is_the beautiful Tacoma Building towering above its surroundings to the dizzy height of twelve clear stories. This was among the first of the modern sky-scrapers erected in Chicago. The corner which it occupies was for years covered by a tumble-down brick building put up in haste after the fire. It was wiped out to make room for the " Tacoma." We must spend an hour in this building going to the top by elevator and walking down. From the twelfth story we are able to obtain a splendid bird's-eye view of the city, and we can^see far out on Lake Michigan, if the smoke isn't too dense. This is a colony of offices. [See Office Buildings.] What all the people who occupy the offices; do, will be a source of wonder to the visitor throughout this and several other trips but as they are all compelled to pay high rentals it is presumed that they are doing something to coax the almighty dollar in their direction. Otherwise they would seek cheaper quarters or establish themselves on the curb-stone in front. Crossing Madi- son st- we find ion the southwest corner the Otis Building. The building belongs to a branch of the Otis family, a family, by the way, which owns some of the most desirable real estate in the city. It is a building of the lire period, not up to present requisites, although by reason of its central location it is well and profitably tenanted. On the southeast corner is the 572 GUIDE TO CHICAGO. Major Block, another fine structure of the same period. For years this ranked as one of the finest buildings in the city. In any other city it would rank as a great build- ing now, but it is overshadowed by the giants in'its neighborhood. Just east of the Major Block, on the corner of Arcade court, is to be erected the new Y. M. C. A. Building. Pl&ns for this structure have already been drawn. The lot upon which the building is to be erected adjoins the present property of the Association which fronts on Madison st., in the rear. This lot has a fifty-two feet frontage on La Salle st. and 185 feet frontage on Arcade ct., all but seventy-five feet of which is abundantly lighted, either by the street or a thirty-foot court. It is proposed to utilize about one-third of the space in the new building for association purposes and the remainder for offices. The ground floor on La Salle st. will be rented for stores. The'Asso- ciationwill use two stories on the" La Salle st. side and seven stories in the rear on Arcade ct. It wilfbe a building within a building, the architectural arrangement providing for separate entrances on both sides for the Association and those who rent offices, o that the two classes of tenants will have no connection with each other. From the seventh or gymnasium floor, where the Association's rooms end, there will be a square light shaft 18x29 feet running to the top story, so that the interior of the building will resemble the Rookery in its facilities for light. The Andrews estate property pur- chase, with the present valuation of the land in the rear, now occupied by Farwell Hall, and the proposed cost of the new building, will make the entire investment fully $1,100,000. From this point south on La Salle st, The People We Pass are as interesting as the buildings. We are apt to be jostled against the famous produce and grain operators at any point now and we will not know it unless we have a previous acquaintance with their personal appearance. On this street many millionaires have their offices. That medium-sized and rather ordinary looking man who has just turneu out ot his way for us is Sidney Kenta, man of great wealth, large brain and wonderful resources. You will be told of several of his transactions. That stout gentleman with the mutton- chop whiskers, rather reddish in color, is P. D. Armour. He is returning to his office from the club where he has lunched. That young man with the Jewish caste of coun- tenance, bright eye and clean-cut movement of limb is Chas. L. Hutchinson, the youngest millionaire and one of the most intelligent men in the city. He gets more genuine comfort out of his wealth than most of them, for he is a cultured man and a devotee of art. You have heard of him in connection with the Art Institute. There are heavy men on all sides of us, and the assistants and employes of heavy men, but we must say a word about Bryan Block before we go any farther, or we will forget it. Bryan Block is another of the back-number great buildings of the city. I very well remember that tif teen years ago it was pointed out with pride ; now it isn't pointed out at all. It is occupied, however, by the agencies ot great insurance companies, real estate men, bankers, brokers, etc., and its central location makes it one of the most valuable pieces of property in the city. Some day a great building will occupy the site, for the ground upon which it stands is far too valuable for a live-story edifice. Across the strpet is the old Republic, Life Building. The insurance company from which it derived its name has long since gone out of existence . This building was used by the CustomHouse and United States courts for several years alter the fire, or until the present go\ r ernment building was erected. Now it is an office building. Here are located the rooms of the Builders' Exchange and the Central Woman's Christian Temperance Union, as well as the offices of Dun's Commercial Agency. On the corner below, just east of the Republic build- ing, is the only structure in the business part of the city which escaped destruction in THE GUIDE. 573 the great fire. A slab is imbedded in the building informing you of that fact. It was not completed at the time, however, and its immunity was dtie to the fact that the bare walls alone were standing. There was no inflammable material on the inside. Now we will stop here for the day, in order that you may have an opportunity of inspecting the work upon the big building being erected on the corner diagonally opposite. I will tell you about this building in the morning. FOURTH DAY. I parted with you last evening on the corner of La Salle and Monroe sts., after sug- gesting that you make an inspection of the work going on at the corner diagonally opposite. This is the north west corner of the streets named. Here a few years ago Mr. Marshall Field laid the foundations for a great office building. A legal dispute arose between him and his former business partner, Mr. Leiter, who owned property adjoin- ing, the facts concerning which it is not necessary for you to know, and the work was abandoned. The lot was fenced in for three or four years, and finally the Woman's Ch istian Temperance Union secured a ninety-nine year lease of the property from Mr. Field, organized a syndicate with sufficient capital, and began the erection of a structure to be known as the Temperance Temple. The familiar name of this building now, however, is "The Temple." The Temple, as it now stands, is one of the sights of Chicago, and the equal of any one of the many magnificent structures that now adorn the city. In style it is a combination of the old Gothic and the more modern French. For the first two stories the material used is gray granite with a dash of pink running thi\ ughit. Above that is used pressed brick and terra cotta. This harmonizes nicely with the granite, taking on a tone and color the same, with the exception that it will be u darker pink. The frontage on La Salle street is 190 feet, while 011 Monroe it is ninety feet. In shape the temple is somewhat novel and might be likened to the lettar H. It consists of two immense wings united by a middle portion or vinculum. On La Salle street is a court seventy feet long and thirty feet wide, and on Monroe street a similar one of the same length and eighteen feet deep. Facing the grand entrance and arranged in a semi- circle are eight great elevators, and from the front court rise two grand stairways leading clear to the top of the building. A central hall extends north and south on each floor and a tran verse one also extends into the wings. The lower courts and halls are resplendent with marble mosaic paving, while plain marble is used in the upper halls. In height th temple is a "sky-scraper," extending thirteen stories towards the heavens. A peculiar and pleasing effect has been gained by causing the building line to retreat at the tenth story, where the immense roof, containing three stories, com- mences, breaking as it ascends into Gothic turrets. From the center of these turrets spring a fleche of gold bronze seventy feet high. This is surmounted by the graceful form of a woman, whose face is upturned and hands outstretched in piayer. On the granite around the grand entrance are carved the coats of arms of the various States of the Union. Upon the corner-stone is engraved the national legend of the W. C. T. U . : " For God, for Home and Native Land. 1890." On the reverse is the W. C. T. U. monogram and beneath, "Organized 1874." Such is the general appearance of thia noble structure. The purposes for which it is utilized are manifold. On the lower floor are located three banks and a memorial hall to be known as Willard Hall. It is need- less to say that the name is in honor of that great temperance worker, Frances Willard. The audience room will easily seat 800 people without the galleries and is as entirely shut off from the rest of the building as though it were not in it. The entrance is through a wide hail opening off Monroe street. It is an amphitheatre in shape and in the center will be a beautiful fountain. Nearly every window in it is a handsome memorial one, and from numerous pedestals rise the busts of illustrious persons who have lived and 674 GUIDE TO CHICAGO. died for the cause of temperance. The hall and the entrance leading to it are used as tablets on which to inscribe the names of those who have subscribed the sum of $100 or over t > the building fund. In a large vault opening off the hall will be kept a rec- ord of the work done in each State in the Union. In short, Willard Hall is intended to be to the temperance cause what Westminster Abbey is to England's great celebri- ties. The Woman's National Publishing House find headquarters there, as well as the W. C. T. U. Most of the building, however, will be rented and the income from this source it is estimated will be $250,000 a year. It might be mentioned that little wood has been used in the construction and the building is perfectly fire-proof. Work was begun in July, 1890, and the temple was ready for occupancy in the month of May, 1892. The entire cost was about $1,100,000. Further south on La Sal le street, at No. 187, is the Calumet Building A. magnificent modern office structure, and one of the first of the great buildings erected after the locating of the Board of Trade at the foot of the street. The Calumet would be a more striking piece of architecture to-day if it were not so close to some others which are still more striking. For instance, the Home Insurance Building -At No. 05, just South of the Calumet, on the same side of the street. [See Architecture.] This magnificent pile was originally nine stories in height, but two additional stories were added in 1890-91, making it one of the tallest structures, as well as one of the most graceful, in the city. The grand entrance on LaSalle st. is one of peerless beauty a veritable marble hall, and a portal such as no palace in Europe can boast of. The entire building from the first to the eleventh floor is wainscoted in Italian marble of the finest vein, and is beautifully matched and polished. Messrs. Ducat & Lyon have had the management of the magnificent edifice in charge from its inception to the present time. As you enter the building two flights of marble stairways face you, both leading to an entresol, on the right of which is the Union National Bank (see Union National Bank) and on the left the counting house of Armour & Co. The Union National Bank interior is perhaps the most beautiful in Chicago. There will be no objection to our taking a view of it. We are under the eye of the Bank's private detective from the time we enter, and even if we weren't there is no opportunity here for carrying away any of the funds, unless we have a check in our possession and can be properly identified. The money vaults and counters are all securely walled in behind glass, bronze and mahogany, only the president, cashier and assistant cashier being outside the former in the rotunda, the latter in a private room to the right. The furniture and fixtures of this beautiful interior are the work of the well-known house of A. H. Andrews & Co. [See A. H. Andrews & Co.] Let us walk across the entresol and enter the counting house of Armour & Co. This is one immense office taking in the entire first floor space of the north wing of the building. Did you ever see such a hive? There must be three hundred employes of all grades here, the majority of whom are writing at little desks arranged in a manner suggestive of the school-room. A great many of those who are not writing are managers of departments, and these are talking business to callers. And there is a perfect procession of callers. You can not see anybody unless you are announced by young men standing near the door. They call the person you want to see. The person you want to see has other callers and you must wait. The central figure in this great room, of course, is Mr. P. D. Armour. He sits at a table-desk to the left, and may be engaged in looking over a newspaper, or in conversation with a visitor or one of his department managers. Whatever he is doing he has a pleasant, benevolent, kindly expression on his face, THE GUIDE. 575 and his face is the index to his character. The name of Armour & Co. is familiar to the people of all countries. It is interesting to notice with what perfect system the estab- lishment is conducted. Of course we don't see the bustling side of it in the Counting 1 House. We must go to the Stock Yards for that. [Sec Union Stock Yards-] The Northwestern Masonic Aid Association, of Chicago, the largest insurance company in Lliiu is, and the second largest simi.ar organization in the wji\d, has its home office in this building, occupying nearly the entire tenth floor, which is required for the accom- modation of its immense business. Here is received nnd disbursed to the widows and orphans of its deceased members about $ ',000,000 annually. A visit to their offices will be of interest, for there can be seen the thorough system necessary to the successful p osecution of the business of li e insurance. And the president, Daniel J. Avery, or the secretary, J. A. Stoddard, will give us a cordial welcoin , for they invite inspection of their business. There are a number of banking houses in the Home Insurance building, beside safety vau.ts, ttc., all of which are worth visiting. On the opposite side of the street, up one I ight of stairs, in a plainly furnished office overlooking Adams street, we might find the millioiuvre, George L. Dunlap, who during recent years has practically retired from active service, although he is still a power in the money center. You can spend the remainder of the day on these corners. Perhaps you would like to go through the Rand- Me X< till/ Building Where the World's Fair headquarters are located. If BO, you will find this to be one of the most magnificent structures in the world. The publishing and printing house of Hand, McNally & Co. started in 1856, since which date the remarkable growth of its map and book-publishing busi- ness has necessitated several removals and enlargements of quarters. Every time it has shortly found itself cramped for room, until the recent removal into the new buiWing, 162 to 174 Adams St., which makes ample provisions for future expansion. This building is a model in size, convenience and durability, and absolutely fire-proof. It has ten stories and a basement, with a frontage of 150 feet on Adams st , extending back 166 feet to Quincy st. The framework is entirely of steel, the two fronts are fire-proofed with dark-red terra-cotta. in hand- some designs, and the interior is fire-proofed with hard-burnt fire-clay, no part of the steel being exposed. In the center of the building is left a court 60x66 feet, having its outer walls faced with English white enamelled bricks. Owing partly to its great size, and partly to the fact that it is the first steel building in Chicago, besides being probably the largest and most complete building ever erected exclusively for the printing and publishing business, it is exciting a great deal of interest. Burnham & Root were the architects. The following facts concerning it illustrate in a striking manner the vastness and solidity of a modern commercial building. It contains 15 miles of steel-railway-65-pound rails in the foundation, besides the 12-inch and 20-inch steel beams. There are 12 miles of 15-inch steel beams jnd channels, 2^ miles of ties and angles in the roof ; 7 miles of tie rods ; 10 miles of Z steel in the columns ; 12 miles of steam-pipe ; 350,000 rivets and bolts ; 7 acres of floors ; the boards of which would reach 250 miles were they laid end to end. Th" foundations contain 1,000 tons of steel, while the beams, etc., will weigh 2,000 tons, and the columns 700 tons ; making a total of 3,7f tons of steel in this giant structure. The offices of the various departments of the Columbian Exposition are accessible by elevator. Just now everybody from the Director General down is very busy, but that need not prevent you from looking around. They will answer your questions civilly everybody is civil in Chicago but don't ask too many at present. Perhaps you would prefer to drop into the Insurance Exchange Building Another magnificent structure, on the corner of Adams and La Salle, which is devoted altogether to banks and offices. Here a num- 576 GUIDE TO CHICAGO. ber of the leading operators on the Board of Trade are to be found. To-morrow we will begin by visiting the great building on the opposite corner. FIFTH DAY. It wouldn't be a waste of time if we were to give a week to La Salle st. alone, but as we must see the principal attractions of Chicago in thirty-one days it is necessary for us to move along rapidly. To-day, as I suggested last evening, we will begin with the Rookery Building. How it came by this odd name is explained in the " Encyclope- dia." You will also find some interesting facts in regard to it under the head of " Architecture." Chicago people are not exactly settled in their minds as to whether the " Hookery " or the " Chamber of Commerce " is the finest office building in the city. The Rookery is the larger, however, and in many respects the most elegant of our office structures. It cost, exclusive of the ground upon which it stands (the property of the municipality), very nearly $1,500,000. It is finished in the most expensive fashion throughout. There isn't a cheap feature connected with it. The grand rotunda is in iteelf a beautiful bit of architecture, but the building to be properly appreciated must be taken as a whole. There is not a commercial structure in the world that compares with it in size, in elegance or in convenience. There are three distinct groups of ele- vators, two on the La Salle st. and one on the Monroe st. side, and the people occupy- ing the top floors are practically as well situated, so far as accessibility is concerned, as those on the first floor. The Mosaic work in the structure is superb. Like the Chamber of Commerce and Home Insurance buildings, the wainscoting is all of Ital- ian marble. Every room in the building is lighted perfectly. There is not the slightest jar felt here, and those in the upper stories are practically removed from the noise and bustle of the streets below. There are over 600 offices here, all occupied, the ten- ants being principally Board of Trade men, agents of Eastern and foreign mercan- tile houses, agents of manufacturing concerns real estate dealers, brokers and lawyers. We will go through the building, beginning at the top. It will consumean hour or two, perhaps, but it will be time well spent. As we leave the Rookery we are in the center of the Board of Trade district, and we are surrounded by massive structures. Oppo- site us is the Insurance Exchange building, which we saw yesterday, Mailer's building-, the Gaff building and the Counselman building all great structures towering upward from ten to twelve stories. To our left as we move south is the Grand Pacific Hotel [see Hotels], and facing us the Board of Trade building. [See Board of Trade building.] You have been told about the Board of Trade already; given its dimensions, cost, etc.; infcrmed how to gain admittance to the gallery, etc. It is only necessary for me to show you up the main stairway and leave you here for the next two hours. You are just in time to see the Board in full operation. From the gallery you will have a perfect view of the floor. After you leave ihere you will have time to go through the Rialto building in the rear, slhd, perhaps, to see the great buildings which line Pacific ave. on the one side and Sherman st. on the other. Among the structures worthy of a visit are the Phoenix building, which faces the Grand Pacific; the Grand Pacific itself; the Traders' building, 10 Pacific ave.; the Commerce building, 16 Pacific ave.; the Open Board building, 24 Pacific ave.; the Brother Jonathan building, 2 Sherman st ; the Wheeler building, 6 Sherman st.; and the Royal Insurance Building. Situated on Jackson st., between La Salle and Fifth ave., and at the head of Sherman st., almost opposite the Board of Trade. The Royal Insurance building, in accordance with the latest dictates of modern architecture, is composed of a pressed brick rear with an imposing facade of brown sandstone carved into beautiful figures. The style may be termed Ionic, with an admixture of Corin- thian on the lower floors, where the windows and main entrances are arched and sculp- THE GUIDE. 577 tured in many fanciful designs. The interior appointments are on a scale of magnifi- cence in keeping with the exterior design. The offices are large, well lighted and well ventilated. This building practically fronts on two streets Jackson and Quincy. By the time you have visited these buildings you will need a rest. SIXTH DAY. Before leaving the Board of Trade district, a few words concerning that portion of the city may be of interest to you. The great fire of 1871 left the neighborhood per- fectly bare as far south as Harrison st. For nearly ten years after the fire the only buildings of prominence in that section of the city were the Grand Pacific Hotel and the Chicago, Rock Island & Pacific Depot. The latter could be seen plainly from Madison st. The block in front, now covered by the Board of Trade and the Rialto buildings, was vacant. To the east was Pacific, then known as " Biler " ave., one of the most disreputable streets of the city, built up with hastily constructed tenements which were occupied by the most depraved of men and women, black, white and mixed. The name "Biler" ave., originated in the mispronunciation of "Boiler," a nick-name given to the street, because of the number of locomotives belonging to the Rock Island and Lake Shore roads which puffed day and night along its western edge. Next, to the east, came South Clark st., a thoroughfare given over to low saloons, pawnbrokers' shops, " fences" for thieves, concert saloons, dance houses, low grogeries and bagnios. East of Clark st. was Fourth ave., another street surrendered almost entirely to the lowest class of scarlet women. One high building stood on the street and was occupied, in part by the Religio-Philosophical Journal. Its editor, a man named Pike, was murdered at his desk in this building, about the time I am speaking of. Eastof Fourth ave. was Dearbornst., a "No Thoroughfare," and without a build- ing worth mentioning, although squatters had taken possession of it from Jackson st. south to Polk st. East of Dearborn was Third ave., a street of dives and bagnios just a trifle lower than any yet named. Then came State St., which from Van Buren to Twenty-second st., was occupied by the very scum of the population, and utterly abandoned to vice and criminals. The entire district from Van Buren st. south to Twenty-second st., and from the railroad tracks to and including the east line of State st., was in the hands of thugs, thieves, murderers and prostitutes. In the midst of it was the Harrison st. or "Armory" police station, and the policemen who were sent out to do patrol duty in this section were frequently brought back on stretchers. There were portions of the district which no policemen would dare to enter alone in the day-time,and which it would have been suicidal for him to enter in the night-time. Some of the bravest officers on the force were shot or stabbed, or beaten so badly that they were never again able to perform their duties. The territory received the name of " Cheyenne." This name was given to it because when the Union Pacific railroad was being constructed, and for several years afterward Cheyenne was the wickedest town on the line. To-day, Cheyenne is a peaceable and prosperous little city, and its people have retaliated by dubbing the only disorderly part of their town " Chicago." S. State st. was known for years as "Z7ie Levee" A name which still clings to it in police circles, although it has gone through an almost complete transformation, physically and morally. The name " Levee " was used because the Levees of the Mississippi river towns bore the reputation of being generally tough, and because they were and are the haunts of a vicious class of negroes. The entire negro population of Chicago gravitated toward "Cheyenne " and the "Levee" before and after the great fire, and S. Clark and S. State sts. to-day are much frequented by colored people. A mighty change has come over this district during a decade. Pacific Avenue is no longer given over entirely to the vicious and criminal classes, 578 GUIDE TO CHICAGO. as formerly, although I wouldn't advise you to take your evening walks on the south- ern part of it. Many magnificent commercial structures now line this thoroughfare. On the avenue, opposite the Rock Island depot, is Marshall Field & Co.'s barn, a splendid building in itself and devoted to the use of the firm's magnificent draught horses and the men who care for them. This building has been enlarged during recent years and I am told that some of the upper floors are used for the storage of " reserve stock." In view of the fact that the firm has the largest wholesale building in the city: that it occupies its old wholesale store as a warehouse for reserve goods, and that t carries constantly an immense amount of stock in the IT. S. bonded warehouses' this will strike you as being strange. But it seems as though it is difficult for Marshall Field & Co. to find storage room enough. We will talk about this firm later on, how- ever. A trip down South Clark Street will be interesting. The morals of this thoroughfare have not improved very much during recent years. Modern improvements have steadily encroached, however, upon the rookeries which have lined this artery since the fire, and now south of Jackson st. we find some handsome structures of the most modern type, notably the Hotel Grace, Gore's Hotel and McCoy's Hotel. But further to the south are the dens and dives that have made the street infamous. Just here, at the southeast corner of Van Buren and Clark sts . , is the Pacific Mission. For years it was Jerry Monroe's "Pacific Garden," and the resort of the vilest of the vile. A few doors below a Polish Jew, named Lesser Freidberg, kept a pawn-broker's shop and " fence " for thieves about eleven years ago. One night the branch house of E.S. Jaflrey & Co., of New York, which occupied the building on Fifth ave., between Madison and Wash- ington sts., latterly the Chicago Herald office, was entered by burglars and robbed . The stolen goods were placed in a wagon, which was driven to Freidberg's. Just as the burglars were unloading it a police officer named Race came along. His suspic- ions were aroused and he attempted to capture one of the thieves supposed to be Johnny Lamb. The thief shot him dead, right here, in front of the shop, jumped into the wagon and drove off. Lamb and another thief named ''Sheeny George" were arrested, tried, convicted and sentenced to be hanged, but escaped all punishment for this crime finally. Freidberg was sent to the penitentiary for five years. He was a wealthy man at the time of bis arrest. The last time I saw him he was mending con- victs' clothing in the penitentiary at Joliet, about the most humiliating work that could possibly be assigned him. He came out and found that his wife had secured a divorce. His property was all gone. He was arrested a short time ago for vagrancy. There is a moral here, but you may not see it. Pawnbrokers' shops kept by Polish Jews are to be found all along here. Wherever you find, poverty and vice you will also find pawn- brokers' shops. They seem to pull together. I don't know how many of them are " fences" for thieves now, but you may rest asured that some of them are. Only a short time ago just such an institution as that managed by the late Mr. Fagin wa3 broken up down here. In this instance the fence-keeper's name was Levi. Here we pass concert saloons conducted by a class of men who bear a name which I need not mention. Here also we come upon "gin mills," conducted by bloated and murderous- looking ruffians, who will first stupefy and then rob you, if you give them a chance. It is in these dives that men are " doped." If there were fewer of them there would be fewer " floaters " picked up in the Chicago river. Here we pass the brothels and bagnios, where depraved women, white and black, pursue their avocations and carry on, in company with the males of their class, nightly orgies that are either unseen or unnoticed by the police. Respectable people are not in much danger down here, for the very good reason that respectable people are seldom to be found loitering around this neighborhood. We are in THE QUiDE. 579 T7ie Slums. It was quite the " fad " in fashionable circles not long since to "go slumminir," and the city detectives were frequently requested to conduct a party of nice young ladies and gentlemen through the vicious quarters of the city. It is no longer a " fad," although the practice has by no means died out. Such an excursion has its advantages as well as its drawbacks. While a young lady can not very well see any thing during a " slumming " trip that is not repugnant to her tiner sensibilities, and while she will see much that is shocking, or ought to be, to her modesty, yet she will learn that the path of vice is a thorny one, and that her fallen sisters are more in need of her pity than they are deserving of her scorn. While the great majority of the lewd women of the city spring from the lower ranks of society, and are, as a matter of fact, born into viciousness, a great number of them are giris who were well born, well reared and well educated. The causes of their downfall are innumerable, and, strange as it may appear, but very few of them can trace their rum back to the deceit or perfidy of man. In not an inconsiderable number of instances these fallen women who come from the higher walks of society owe their misfortune primarily to an ambi- tion, unsupported by an ability, to shine as actresses. We might walk all over this dis- trict and find merely a repetition of the scenes which surround us now. In a little while we will leave the district and the subject behind us. But first let us call your attention to the Lodging Houses. There are cheap lodging houses scattered throughout the city. There are some on the North Side and some on the West Side, but the lowest class of lodging houses are located down this way. Here the wearied traveler may secure a night's lodging for five cents. That is, by going down into the cellar and paying over a nickel to the proprietor he will be permitted to climb into one of the bunks ranged in tiers along either side of the dismal cavern. The bunk is without mattress or bed- ding. It is simply the soft side of a pine board. But it beats walking the streets. If it be winter, there is a blazing fire in a stove which stands in the middle of the cellar. If it be summer, the cellar is cool. No robberies are ever committed in these cellars, for obvious reasons. There are no signs cautioning guests to place their jewelry and money in the office safe. Such a caution would be looked upon as heartless and bitter irony. But there are cellars where the traveler, for ten cents, may secure a bunk with a straw mattress. These are considered among the patrons of the five-cent cellars places of gilded luxury. Again, there are lodging houses where a bedstead a real bedstead, with real bedding and real bed covering may be secured per night at the uniform rate of fifteen cents. And a single room can be rented for twenty-five cents. But only the aristocrats of " Cheyenne" and the " Levee " squander their money for twenty-five cent rooms. Twenty-five cents to most of the lodging-house patrons means three drinks of barrel-house whisky, a free lunch, a cigar and a bed. We will take in South State street before we part for the day. The purchase of a long strip of prop- erty along this j;horoughfare by the Santa Fe railway company resulted in the demo- lition of a large number of the disreputable houses which lined one side of it a few > ears ago. South State street is growing better year after year. To-morrow we will look around reconstructed, reformed and rebuilt " Cheyenne." SEVENTH DAY. No portion of the city has undergone a more complete transformation and refor- mation during the past ten years than that section which is penetrated on the north by Fourth ave., Dearborn st. and Third ave. As before remarked. Dearborn st. up to ten years ago was not even opened. To-day it is lined from Adams to Polk st. with some of the most magnificent buildings in the city. The Post Office and Custom House, sometimes called the Government building, stood practically alone here for many years, except that it was faced by the Grand Pacific Hotel anJ the Lakeside building on the west, and by the Honore block on the north. Now it is hemmed in on all sides by 580 GUIDE TO CHICAGO. palatial structures. On the southeast corner of Adams and Dearborn is tha beautiful Owings building, which rises to the height of fourteen stories, presenting a novel and interesting innovation in architectural design. Just north of the building and directly opposite the Post Office is the sixteen-story steel building, which is to be known as The Great Northern Hotel. This is now one of the largest first-class hotels of Chicago. It is all finished in the highest style of art and conducted as a high- class commercial hotel, on the European and American plans. On the southwest corner of Dearborn and Jackson streets, and running through to Fourth avenue, are the twin structures, known as the Monadnock and Kearsarge buildings. These magnificent piles occupy the entire space lying between Jackson and Van Buren sts. and Dearborn and Fourth ave. The Monaduock occupies the north half, the Kearsarge the south half of the area. They form in reality but one building, and are divided in name merely because the undi- vided structure is too large for the common person to find anybody in it. This is one of the most imposing structures in the city. It is all steel, fire-proofed and finished in granite and marble, sixteen stories high. On the Jackson and Van Buren st. fronts two sets of bay windows run from the second story to the top, and on the Dearborn st. and Fourth ave. sides two sets run from the second story to the top. The foundation and walls are said to be the heaviest of any building in the city. The entire length is 409 feet by 66Hj feet in width. It was erected as an office block for the Brooks estate. No saloons-are allowed in this palatial structure. The building cost $3,000,000. Passing a number of great buildings we come to the Manhattan Building. This colossal fire-proof structure overtopped until recently every other office building in the city by at least three stories. Being situated on the leading business and financial street in Chicago, \iear the Post Office, depots and Board of Trade, with which it is connected by pneumatic tubes, it has become a very popular structure. It has sixteen stories and basement of solid masonry and an inner frame of steel and iron, incased in terra cotta. The interior is embellished with orna- mental bronze and antique copper, polished marble and jaspis wainscoting, mosaic floors and ornamental ceilings. The small amount of woodwork that enters into the structure is antique oak. The appointments as to elevator service, electric light, heat and general conveniences embrace every improvement known to modern science, and are unequaled by any building as yet erected in Chicago. The Monon Building farther to the south on the right, so in the Manhattan, is a very handsome and popular office building-, and is occupied by persons more or less related to the printing and publishing business. The cost of the Monon was $500,009 and of the Manhattan, $800,fOO. The Manhattan was comploted for occupancy late in 1891. The center of the district of sky-scrapers is reaching from the vicinity of the Board of Trade down to this neighborhood on Dearborn street. There, within a year, will stand completed in the radius of a block the following colossal Ijuildings: Man- hattan, Monon, Caxton, Monadnock, Kearsarge, Chicago and the fourteen-storied pile of steel and glass at Dearoorn and Harrison streets. Among those mentioned The Caxton Building deserves our attention. This elegant structure, at 328 to 334 Dearborn street, is one of three buildings of its kind erected in this city. It is thor- oughly fire-proof throughout, constructed of steel to beams and girders. The walls are of terra-cotta and pressed brick, of the best quality, and the partitions are of hollow tile. The offices are large and commodious and in their plans special care has been taken to finish them in a manner affording the greatest convenience and comfort to the occupants. Just south, on the corner of Harrison and Dearborn streets, is The Pontiac Building. This is another wonderful structure, fourteen stories in heieht, and constructed entirely of steel. A large number of publishers may be found here. THE GUIDE. 581 The Graphic, the Western British American, the Orange Judd Farmer, Furniture, the Figaro, and other popular publications are issued here. The Orcutt Lithographing company is also to be found here, occupying two floors. Here also is published the Banker's and Attorney's Register. In this building, from suite 1003, are issued "THE STANDARD GUIDE TO CHICAGO," and " THE HAND BOOK OF THE WORLD'S COLUMBIAN EXPOSITION," The Standard Guide Company (Flinn & Shepard) publishers. Further south, to our left, we come to the great building occupied by Donohue & Henneberry, the printers, binders and publishers. This was one of the first of the great office buildings erected on South Dearborn street. It has a frontage also on Third avenue. It is eight stories in height and finished after the most modern fashion. The upper part of the building is occupied by the various departments of Uonohuu & Henneberry's establishment -counting rooms, offices, book rooms, com- position rooms, bindery rooms, etc. The lower floors are given over to numerous publishing firms, newspaper offices, advertising offices, printers 1 supply offices, etc. The immense basement is occupied by Donohue & Henneberry's presses book, job, newspaper, etc., of the latest and most approved modern make. The firm of Donohue iV- Henneberry is one of the most prominent in the United States. It turns out an immense number of bound volumes annually, besides catalogues and other printed matter of the higher grade. Leaving Donohue & Henneberry's we find ourselves in front of the beautiful Dearborn Station, which is described elsewhere in this volume. Before abandoning the district for good, however, we wHl walk north on Third avenue. This locality, as you will notice, is given over to interests connected with the printing business. Immense job printing establishments, printing press salesrooms, printing ink depots, weekly newspaper offices, patent-inside and Ipatent-outside offices, theatrical printing houses, binderies, etc., etc., are passed one after another until we find ourselves on Jackson street once more. The Post Office Building is.referred to elsewhere. [See Post Office.] It will be torn down or else it will fall down before long. i,The Honore building on the northwest corner of Dearborn and Adams streets was formerly the pride of the city. It is a great struct- ure now, but old-fashioned. The great new " Fair " building is being erected opposite. [See Fair Building.] The Temple Court Building, at 217 Dearborn street, is close by. This structure has 200 offices and is one of the handsomest in the city. To the nortd is the Adams Express Building, one of the finest office structures in the city, ten stories in height and elegantly finished. Next to it is the Commercial National Bank building, another beautiful edifice. Across the street is the Howland Block, erected by H. H. Honore, and at one time pronounced the finest office building in the country, but at present a back number. On the next corner, same side of the street, or, to be exact, on the northeast corner of Dearborn and Monroe streets, is the First National Bank Building & structure frequently referred to in this volume. [See First National Bank.] This building was erected on the site of the old Post Office and Custom House, destroyed by fire in 1871. After the fire the ruin was transformed into the Adelphia, afterward Haverly's Theatre. The First National Bank secured a lease of the ground from the School Board, and erected a $500,000 block upon it in 1882. The bank pays 6 per cent, on the value of the property. The building is six stories high, and is one of the most substantial structures in the country. The entire first floor is used by the bank, and is said to be the finest and largest bank- ing room in the world. The visitor will find this an interesting place during business hours. [See Illustration.] Across the street is the office of the Evening Journal, Thompson's immense restaurant where four thousand meals are served every day, the Saratoga and the Windsor Hotels and the Stock Exchange building. [See Stock 582 GUIDE TO CHICAGO, Exchange.] On the southeast corner of Madison and Dearborn streets is the Tribune building and publication office [see Tribune] and on the corner diagonally opposite is the Inter Ocean building and publication office. To the right, just half a block down Madison street, is McVicker's theatre. Keeping straight ahead up Dearborn street we pass many elegant buildings, and come to the Portland Block, on the southeast cornerof Dearborn and Washington streets. This is an imposing structure of modern design. Built soon after the fire, the Portland block stands as a monument to the energy of capitalists whose faith in the future of Chicago was not shaken by the overwhelming misfortune. They had no scruples about placing $200,100 in this structure, which has always ranked as a popular place for the old and conservative men engaged in professional and mercantile pursuits. To keep pace with modern improvements its owners have recently spent $30,000 in providing new light-shafts and lowering the entrance to the level of the street. Sixty suites of rooms are occupied principally by lawyers and capitalists. Crossing Wash- ington street we come to the Chemical Bank Building, one of the most magnificent structures of its kind in the city. The building is owned by the Abstract Safety Vault Company. There are 1U elegant offices in the building, arranged in suites of three rooms each, fitted up in the most modern style. We come now to the Unity Building, a sixteen-story structure, of steel and glass, and one of the most graceful specimens of modern commercial architecture to be seen here This building bears a name which is familiar to all old Chicagoans. The former Unity building was considered a first-class office structure after the great fire, but it soon passed into the fourth or fifth class. It is said the McCormick Block, adjoining, is to be torn down to make room for another immense office building. The new skyscraper will probably be erected after the Fair. The McCormick block has a frontage of 100 feet on Dearborn street and a frontage of eighty feet on Eandolph street. This property was purchased by L. J. McCormick from C. H. McCormick, March 26, 1877, for $360,000. Mr. McCormick has since refused $450,000 for his purchase. The prop- erty between the McCormick corner and the alley is now owned by Dr. T. G. Richardson. It has a Dearborn street frontage of eighty feet and a depth of 1.0 feet. It was purchased from Eugene S. Pike, in 1880, for 868,894. The building then on the property was known as the Rice building. Dr. Richardson improved the build- ing and called it the Unity building. Judge J. P Altgeld recently leased the Unity Block property for a term of ninety-nine years, with the agreement to erect a building costing not less than $150,000 before May 1, 1895. It now seems probable that four years before the stipulated time these improvements will be inaugurated. The plan, substantially, is to improve the entire 180 feet of frontage with one of the biggest office and business buildings in Chicago. On our way north we pass the Borden Block, the Tremont House and several other handsome buildings. It is now time to leave off sight-seeing for the day. We will meet on the State street bridge to-morrow morning. EIGHTH DAY. Starting from State st. bridge this morning we will endeavor to do the great retail avenue of Chicago, or at least a portion of it, before the day closes. This thorough-- fare, as it opens out before us, from the slight elevation on which we stand, is one of the grandest commercial arteries in the world. By looking up " State Street " in the Index you will learu that it is the longest in the city, extending as it does from North ave. to the southern limits, a distance of eighteen miles. There are streets in Paris, espe- cially those converging at the Grand Opera House, which, by reason of the uniformity of the style of architecture so closely adhered to under the last empire, present a more pleasing view at first sight, perhaps, than does State- st. from this point. This very uni- formity in style soon becomes tiresome, and the visitor is half inclined to wish that it were THE GUIDE. 583 broken here and there, no matter how. If you are fr >m Paris, State st. will remind you of Avenue de 1'Opera, or of the Avenue Malsherbes, from the steps of the Made- lame ; if from Berlin, Frederich Strasse or Leipzif?er Strasse will be recalled to your mind ; if from Vienna, you will see a resemblance to some sections of the Ring Strasse ; if from London, Regent st. may be suggested ; if from Dublin, a part of Sackville st.. a:though you will miss the Nelson Monument. All of the great streets of the world to-day bear a strong resemblance to each other, although there is in reality a vast dif- ference between them. But let us be moving. We pass South Water St., and pause for a moment to look Bast and West. Here apparently is a blockade and a confusion of tongues wagon and human. The street is completely clogged. It would be all your life is worth to venture down the middle of it, and you can only pass along the sidewalks by climbing over fruit boxes, chicken crates and barrels. There is a mixed odor here of onions, strawberries, California grapes, Florida oranges, pickles, saur kraut, hay, wet straw, fresh fish and e -gs of uncertain age. This is the great fruit, vegetable and poultry market of the city. You should visit this street early in the morning and forje your way through from one erd to the other. Pe haps you will witness more human activity here than anywhere else in Chicago, excepting during business hours on the floor of the Board of Trade. But we can not tarry longer. Moving south we pass the great wholesale grocery establishment of Reid, Murdoch & Co. This is their principal, but not their only, warehouse. East of here, on Michigan ave., extending to Central ave., they occupy several store-rooms. We pass a number of prominent concerns, among them the immense glass and queens- ware house of Pifiiu & Brooks, at the northeast corner of State and Lake sts. This is a house worth visiting, and you will have an opportunity further on of going through the floors filled with all the novelties of foreign and domestic manufacture, in crystal, china and porcelain ware. We leave LakeStrect, formerly the great retai street of the city, behind us. Itisnowgtven over to the hardware, cutljry, leather, rubber and machinery trade. Passing on we come to the northeast corner of State and Randolph sts., where the walls of the great Masonic Temple towers skyward above us. Here you will be interested for some time. Here we find the most marvellous structure, taken as a whole, in the center of the business district. The idea of a grand Masonic temple in Chicago had been encouraged by Western Masons for the last twenty years. Numerous agitations of the projejt were started but fell through, partly lor want of some one who was willing to take the responsibility, and partly because the money could not be raised. For, though the Masons as individuals are wealthy, the lodges are kept poor by their liberal charities and funeral expenses In 1873 Norman T. Gassette, then eminent commander of the Apollo Commandery, renewed the agitation of this subject, in connection with a special effort to secure for the site of such a ttmple the lot at the northeast corner of Dearborn and Monroe, streets, on which the Stock Exchange now stands. But there was no adhesiveness among the Masons whom he was able to interest in the scheme, and the old trouble of a lack of money killed it. The last and successful effort in behalf of this enterprise originated in December, 1^89, when Gil W. Barnard and Dr. J. B. Fatrich, of Van Rensselaer Lodge, issued a call for a meeting of prominent Masons to consider this subject. This call had several other names appended to it, among which was that of Mr. Gassette, and was addressed to sixty Masons. The meeting took place in Mr. Barnard's office in the same month. The result was that General John Corson Smith appointed a committee of ten, with Mr. Gassette as chairman, to select a location for a Masonic Temple, to devise ways and means for erecting the building and to report to a meeting of the craft to be held subsequently. The committee addressed itself to the task with great energy, and about a month later a meeting of 130 members of the craft was called at 584 GUIDE TO CHICAGO. the Oriental Consistory preceptory to hear their report and consider their recommen- dations. The committee in the meanwhile had had several sites offered them, but had definitely selected the lots at the northeast corner of State and Randolph streets. The report was heard and approved in many particulars, and the committee was dis- charged. Immediately thereafter, however, the meeting appointed Norman T. Gas- sette, Amos Grannis and E. R. Bliss a committee to carry out the plan that had been proposed. There was no particular organization and everything devolved on this committee, with no instructions but to "go ahead." The committee took the meeting at its word and went ahead in the most approved fashion. In less than a month, with- out any organization or corporate authority whatever, it had purchased the site for $1,100,000 and opened books for stock. On April 4th, the Secretary of State, issued articles of incorporation to the Ma?onic Fraternity Temple Association, with Norman T. Gassette, Amos Grannis, E. R. Bliss, John Buehler and 0. H. Blakeley as directors. The officers subsequently elected were: Norman T. Gassette, president; Amos Gran- nis, vice-president; E. R. Bliss, secretary: rind Warren G. Purdy, treasurer. The com- pany was capitalized at $2,000,00^, and the price of stock was fixed at $100 per share. The building is pronounced to be one of the finest in the world. Even a brief description of it would seem to justify that opinion. The site, every inch of which it covers, measures 170 feet on State st. by 114 feet on Randolph st., and is entirely sur- rounded bv streets and alleys. The building rests on cement and iron foundations, extending far out into the adjacent thoroughfares, and the superstructure is of steel, and perfectly fire-proof from bottom to top. It has twenty gtorics, and the height of the building is nearly 265 feet. The first three stories are faced with dressed red Montello granite, from Wisconsin, with glimpses of carving, the corners being ornamented with electral layers. The remaining stories are faced with gray brick that is indistinguishable from granite, each measuring four by five by fourteen inches. Between the sixteenth and seventeenth stories terra cotta of the same shade is used. No particular style of architecture can be predicated of this build- ing, though the arches visible on some parts of the gigantic facade suggests the Romanesque. The design presents a faint resemblance of a main building fronts are finished in exactly the same costly and elegant style. There are three tiers of deeply recessed bay windows on each front, extending from the third to the fif- teenth story, both inclusive. The windows of the second and sixteenth stories are combined in groups of two, within deep Roman arches. The seventeenth story is treated separately from the rest of each facade. The entrance is through an immense granite arch twenty-eight feet wide and forty -two feet high in the center of the State street front. This gorg eous edifice has an interior court something like that of the Chamber of Commerce building, the floor of which measures 90 feet north and south by 45 feet east and west. The walls of this,court are faced from bottom to top with different colored marble, and at the east side of it a magnificent bronze staircase ascends from the ground floor to the roof. The interior finish of the building is of mos aic floors, marble and onyx walls, and old oak woodwork. East of the court, disposed in a semi-circle, are fourteen passenger and two freight elevators running from the basement to the attic, and making a round trip every three minutes. The whole building is heated by steam, and supplied with electrical and pneumatic connect ions in great prof usion. The basement is devoted to an immense cafe, with its appurtenances, and waiting rooms, toilet rooms, coal rooms and boiler rooms. Perhaps the most surprising thing that w 3. T) O JO (= S- s THE GUIDE. 585 can be said concerning this immense building is that every floor of it from the pave- ment to the eleventh floor inclusive is fitted up for shops. There are a!so four shop like booths on the floor of the court. The floors from the eleventh to the sixteenth inclusive are fitted up as business offices. Above the sixteenth floor, and beneath the roof, everything is sacred to masonry. On the seventeenth floor the entire south wing, 50 by 109 feet in size, is devoted to a drill hall. The similar space in the north wing is divided between the blue lodge rooms. The intermediate room, on the State street front, 40 by 80 feet in size, is a banqueting hall. On the eighteenth floor, over the drill hall is a gorgeous consistory room, with arched roof and galleries on three sides. Over the banqueting hall are parlors. * 'Over the blue lodge rooms is the Apo'lo Command- ery preceptory. In the remaining two stories are a number of smaller room?. Even here the description does not end, for on the roof of the building there are to be hanging gardens, covered with glass roof and walls that are to rival the abode of the gods. It is given out that there may be refreshments up there, but everything that inebriates will be remorselessly banished. There is no danger that the people who come here in 1893 to see the Columbian Exposition will go away disappointed. Whatever the exposition may be, and there is every reason to believe it will be the grandest ever held the city itself will have attractions enough to entertain the most exacting of visitors. Chicago was here before the exposition was thought of; it will be here when the exposition shall ,have become but a faint memory, and, in itself, it will always be worthy of a visit from the people of foreign lands. Directly across Randolph street, and facing State street, is the Central Music Hall, one of the finest concert and lecture rooms in the city. LSee Central Music Hall.] This elegant structure was erected by a number of public- spirited capitalists, whose interest was aroused by the late George B. Carpenter, a brainy, brilliant and indefatigable young man, who had accomplished almost a life's work in the way of creating and encouraging a taste for musical and literary entertainments in Chicago before he was stricken down. He lived to see the Central Music Hall dream realized, but passed away before he could reap the reward of his labors. His d^ath was mourned by his associates and regretted by the entire community. The Central Music Hall, like other structures in this city which a few years ago were looked upon and pointed out with justifiable pride, is to-day cast into the shade by newer and more magnificent edifices ; but, nevertheless, it will remain, for many years to come, an ornament to the neighborhood in which it stands. Walking south, we pass the elegant show-windows of Burley & Co.'s china and glassware house, and the beautiful display which we see inside tempts us to enter; but you will postpone your visit until I am through with you. We are now in the center of what was formerly the South Market Square of the city. [See Market Squares.] Here in other days stood a market house after the fashion of the time, in which was located a police station, and a volunteer fire company's apparatus. One night during the mayoralty of " Long " John Wentworth that whimsical individual took it into his head to remove all the over- hanging signs and awnings in the city. Chicago was still a country town, and in front of nearly every store was a permanent wooden awning, such as you will find to this day much in vogue in the smaller Western and Southern cities. Chicago merchants have always been tireless andjslecpless pursuers of trade and they advertised extensively then as they do now, but in a different manner. In John Wentworth 's time they hung out banners and wooden signs from the front windows of the buildings. They also used immense wooden signs elevated on posts Avhich stood on the edge of the sL'.ewalks. These advertisements and highly colored awnings gave a lively and picturesque air to the business center, but they also had their faults. They obstructed the sidewalks and interfered with the volunteer fire department in the discharge of its duties. Mer- 586 GUIDE TO CHICAGO. chants had fallen into the habit, likewise, of piling their empty goods cases on the sidewalks, also, in the way of advertisement, and the merchant who could show the greatest number of fresh-looking empty cases in front of his store in the spring and fall was the one who received the credit of doing the greatest amount of business. Well, " Long " John, as I have said, took it into his head one night to put an end to this sort of business. He engaged every express and dray wagon in the town and hired fifty or sixty laborers to execute his orders. Before morning the space all around the south market house was covered with awnings, signs and dry goods boxes. No favors were shown and no exceptions made. Many of the awnings were costly ones; some ot the signs had been painted in the East, but all were 'pulled down and piled together, regardless of consequences. Of cours:- the indignation in " business circles " next day was intense, and of course "Long" John was the most unpopular man in town for awhile, but the wisdom of his move was soon recognized even by the greatest sufferers, and Chicago has never had any wooden awnings since. During a recent administra- tion, however, awnings of another character have been winked at, and overhanging wire signs again disfigure the business district. Sidewalk signs are also becoming rather too common. Perhaps before the Columbian Exposition opens we will have a mayor who is possessed of sufficient nerve to do his duty, even though by doing so he may offend the proprietors of saloons and the managers of theatres. But this doesn't con- cern you. The fact that this portion of State street was once a market square will explain its extraordinary width. But it does not explain how the street came to be widened as far south as Madison. There was a movement on foot years ago to increase the width of the street to the south line of Madison. There were meetings of property owners and there were special meetings of the city council. Resolutions were adopted and meaningless ordinances were passed, lookiug to the desired end. A certain man owned the greater part of the frontage on the west side of State, between Randolph and Madison streets, where all those elegant buildings stand now. Property was not quite so valuable here then as it is now, but a lot on State street represented a small fortune even in those days. The man who owned this frontage was a quiet, thoughtful, business man then, as he is now. His name was and is Potter Palmer While the citizens' meetings and the city council meetings were pass- ing resolutions and enacting meaningless ordinances, Mr. Palmer was developing- a plan for the widening of State st., in his own mind. This plan was simple one. He carried it out. How? By presenting the city of Chicago with the frontage, taken from his own lots, necessary to give this section of State st. a uniform width. He did it modestly. It was done so quickly and so quietly that the citizens and the city council were taken by surprise. There was no further business, so far as State st. was con- cerned, before them, and they adjourned. The sacrifice made by Mr. Palmer was a great one. Every foot of the property he so generously gave away for the public good represented a large sum of money. Nobody has ever heard him speak of it, however. Only old citizens remember it now. Potter Palmer's generosity made State st. what it is to-day, for if it had not been widened the retail business would have long since sought another avenue not far away. And while I am on this subject, I want to say to you, not exactly what I think about Potter Palmer, but what all Chicagoans who know anything about this man feel. To Potter Palmer, more, perhaps, than to any living man, is due the present great-iess of Chicago. His influence has always been a mighty, if a silent, force, in the development of this city. He has never lost faith in her future. Time and again his counsel, his Judgment and his purse have saved the credit of the community abroad. When the reaction which followed the civil war set iu. when values became demoralized, when the shrinkage in prices destroyed the capi- tal of some of the strongest houses in existence here. Potter Palmer stood as firm as a rock between our merchants and bankruptcy, and compelled their creditors to make THE GUI DR. 587 fair and honorable terms. After the great fire, though one of the heaviest sufferersi he was one of the first to step into the debris and proclaim that Chicago should not only be rebuilt, but should arise from its ashes greater than ever. The story of the rebuilding of the Palmer House, which we will see farther down the street, if prop- erly told, would read like a fairy tale. By day and by night, uncer the blaze of the sun and in the glare of torches and calcium lights, the work never ceased until the nUjiiificent structure was completed. Practically penniless, then, and for years afterward, Potter Palmer commanded unlimited credit at home and abroad. The man's integrity was his capital, and it secured for him the means whereby he has been enabled, during the past twenty years, not only to retrieve the fortune he had lost in a single night,but to build up a new and a greater one. The great retail houses which we see on either side of the street, as far as the eye can reach, have all grown up during a remarkably brief period. The oldest of them, in comparison with Euro- pean houses are merely in their infancy. This is a busy street. We will have to stand close to the edge of the sidewalk or we will be carried along by the crowd. I don't think you ever saw so many well-dressed people anywhere. Most of them are ladies. There is a good deal of what the world calls style to be seen a.'ong here at all hours of the day. Just now the young ladies are pouring out of the Chicago College of Music, located in the Central Music Hall building. This institu- tion is conducted under the management of Dr. F. Ziegfeld, and a board of directors, consisting ol Rev. Dr. H. W. Thomas, Wm. M. Hoy t, Gen. Chas. Fitz Simons, Dr. F. Ziegl'eld, Dr. Philip H. Matthei, N. K. Fairbank, W. W. Kimball, J. Harley Bradley, Jul' us Rosenthal, F. Ziegfeld, Jr. The faculty is a large one and said to be the best in the country. This college has graduated some of the leading musicians of the day. The young ladies you see coming out now evidently belong to the junior class. Every one of them carries a roll of music, bound up in a patent leather case, in her dainty hand. This evening, should you chance to be on one of the avenues or the boulevards, you will hear her entertaining her fond parents, or perhaps her fonder lover, with some elementary exercises. Young ladies, I believe, no longer play tne "Maiden's Prayer," or the "Monastery Bells," as they did in my time. I hear thatthcy have dropped even the "Thunderstorm," which used to involve the er6s6- ing of hands and the screwing of the hurricane pedal to the parlor floor. WbiH we are here I might as well tell you that this is the starting point of all the South Side and many of the West and North Side street cars. The West Side cable loop is farther west at present, but it is probable that the West Side cars will swing around here again, as they formerly did, before many months go by. I will leave you here to watch the crowds and to follow them if you wish. NINTH DAY. I am glad that you enjoyed your afternoon on State street. It was a beautiful day for a promenade, and you wound it up quite appropriately by spending the even- ing at the Columbia. This evening you should attend the Chicago Opera House per- formance. To-morrow evening go to Hooley's and next evening to the Grand Opera House. Under the heading of " Amusements " you will learn something about these places. To-day we find ourselves in front of the dry goods palace which bears the naT.e of Marshall Field & Co. You have heard of Field's before. Everybody in this coun- try has, and, in commercial circles, at least, the house is known throughout the civil- iz'd world. It is not only the greatest dry goods establishment in this country, but greater than any in existence abroad. This is the retail store; the wholesale house we will fee ,'atcr on. Perhaps you remember that the style of this firm only a few }'ears ag ^ wr.s Field, Leiter & Co. Mr. Letter retired, and Mr. Field remained, forming a 588 GUIDE TO CHICAGO. new partnership, and great as the house was when the dissolution took place a disso- lution, by the way, which surprised and startled the country at the time it is three times as great to-day. I can not do better than to give you here, word for word, what a writer in the New York Sun, in 1891, told his readers regarding this great establish- ment. It would be impossible for me to improve upon it, for this writer evidently procured his information from persons who were acquainted with the history, the pol- icy and business of the house and its principal owner. The American merchant, says this writer, who in point of wealth and vastness of business dealings must be ranked first among "the rich by honest brains and industry "is a man whose name is unfa- miliar to most of the readers of the Sun. His home is not in New York but in Chi- cago, and even there he is personally little known in comparison with the promi- nence to which his position in the business and social world entitles him. He is Marshall Field, the head of the great house of Marshall Field & Co., general mer- chants. The career of no great leader in commercial affairs f urHishes an example of the wise application of sound principles and safe conservatism so striking as does that of Mr. Field. The story of his success isehort and simple. It contains no exciting chapters, but in its very dullness lies one of the most valuable secrets of the almost boundless prosperity which it records. But the career of a man who, starting with no capital save brains and energy, accumulates many millions and builds up the greatest mercan- tile house in the world, is pregnant with interest, no matter how lacking it may be in dramatic action. Its most encouraging feature, indeed, is the fact that it contains nothing extraordinary; that there is nothing in it which any man of the same natural equipment may not hope to accomplish. The secret of Marshall Field's success lies partly in his business methods and partly in his environment. The ordinary biograph- ical features of his career may almost be described in a paragraph. Like many another of the men who have been foremost in creating the mighty West, Mr. Field is a New England farmer's son. He was born fifty-five years ago among the hills of Conway, one of the most charming of little western Massachusetts towns. His early years were those of most farmer lads. He received a good education in the public schools and the local academy of his native town; bat his tastes were mercantile rather than agri- cultural. In 1852, at the age of seventeen, he began his business career. He went to Pittsfield, then as now the largest town in the Berkshire hills, and obtained employ- ment as clerk in a general store. He remained there four years. In that time he had outgrown the business and the town. There were no opportunities in sight for a young man of 'large capacity and ambition. He went straight to Chicago, and there he has been ever since. There was no guarantee at that time that the lake town would ever become the Western metropolis. The town had plenty of ambition and pluck, but the possibilities of greatness were scarcely visible. Then and for a long time afterwa r d the prospects of St. Louis were by many considered the brighter.' But Mr. Field became a Chicagoan heart and soul. He has done much for Chicago and Chicago has done much for him. The story of his success is a wonderful close index of the history of the city's marvelous growth. An almost exact parallel may be drawn during almost any of the thirty-five years between the career of the individual and the history of the town. Man and city are of the same age. Chicago, it may be said, was born in 1835, the year of Mr. Field's birth. Her first census, showing some 4,000 inhabitants, was taken two years later. The lusty young town became a full-fledged city of 50,000 or 60,000 people at just the time when Mr. Field, having reached his majority in 1856, cast his lot with the other builders of a metropolis. Mr. Field secured employment as a clerk in the wholesale dry goods house of Cooley, Farwell & Co. His equipment in the outset in his new field of labor was health brains, sound principles and ambition. Genuine worth did not ha veto wait THE GUIDE. 589 for dead men's shoes to secure recognition in the broader field in which the young man found himself. His good qualities were promptly discovered by his employers and availed of to mutual advantage. Mr. Field remained in the capacity of clerk only four years. In 1860 he was made a partner. In 1865 there was a partial reorgani- zation, the new firm consisting of Mr. Field, L. Z. Leiter and Potter Palmer, under the firm name of Field, Palmer & Leiter. Two years later Mr. Palmer withdrew, and until 1881 the style of the firm was Field, Leiter & Co. Mr. Leiter retiring in the latter year and since that time the firm has been Marshall Field & Co. TJie Only Break in the unexampled growth of what has become the greatest mer- cantile house in the world was that made by the fire of 1871. In that great calamity Mr. Field suffered proportionately with the city itself. His firm then did business at State and Washington streets, the present site of the retail house of Marshall Field Ac Co. Everything was swept away by the flames, involving a loss of $3,500,000. The firm eventually recovered $2,500,000 insurance. The disaster was met with character- istic energy and indomitable pluck.. While the ruins still smoked new quarters were opened by the firm in the street-car barns at State and Twentieth streets, and rebuilding was at once begun on the old site. The firm also began the erection of a separate wholesale house at Madison and Market streets. Their new buildings were among the first of the permanent structures completed after the fire. The retail estab- lishment was taken possession of in 1872, and it still ranks as one of the largest and best appointed structures for retail trade in the country. Within a dozen years the new wholesale quarters proved inadequate to the tremendous growth of business, and the erection of the present great structure was begun in 1885. It was completed in 1887, and it comprises probably the largest and best arranged building for mercantile pur- poses in the world. It occupies an entire block, bounded by Adams, Franklin, and Quincy streets, and Fifth avenue, in the heart of the business section. It is of granite and sandstone, plain and substantial. Chicago smoke has turned it almost black, and it looks somewhat like one of London's old and massive government buildings. The unadorned structure bears no external indication of its use. There is no announce- ment or sig-n upon it save a brass plate bearing the firm name at the main entrance on Adams street. The interior is divided by two thick parti-walls into three section?, with communication, on each floor through double doors of heavy iron. The ground floor of the middle section nsr ove three-fourths of the block in which their present retail establishment is locate.^, with the entire frontage on Washington street between Holden Place and WabasJ* 592 GUIDE TO CHICAGO. avenue, the frontage on Wabash avenue between Washington and Randolph streets, and the frontage on Randolph street between Wabash avenue and Holden Place. The Central Music Hall stands on the corner of Randolph and State streets, as we have seen. Mr. Field is believed to be the largest shareholder in this property also. It is claimed that the firm has in contemplation the erection of a dry goods palace that will cover this entire block. You are now in the Fashionable Retail Center, and to your left and right, as you pass south, are some ^f the most attractive retail stores in the United States. The establishment of Carson, Pirie, Scott& Co., on the southwest corner of Washington and State streets, is one of the most elegant dry-goods houses in the city. This was formerly "Gossage's." by which name it became celebrated throughout the entire West. Carson, Pirie, Scott & Co. were the owners and the managers of the store for several years before the name of "Gossage" was dropped to make room for their own. In the meantime they had established themselves as a retail dry-goods firm by conducting a first-c.ass house on the West Side, and later one of the largest and most fashionable concerns in the city at the northeast corner of Wabash avenue and Adams streets, the building now occupied by Revell, the furniture merchant. The old "Gossage" house was but a small concern in comparison with the mammoth institution that now covers about half a block five acres of flooring the greatest blocksin the city. No visitor to Chicago, male or female, should fail to enter the magnificent silk room of this house, which is situated on the corner. This department covers the site of the First National Bank building of other days The structure was remodeled at an enormous cost by Car ; on, Pirie, Scott & Co., and the first floor fitted up as the most magnificent silk salesroom in the world. All that taste, money and ingenuity could do was brought into play here, and the result is a ver- itable marble hall such as but few of the stately palaces of the Old World can equal iu grandeur. The entire establishment is tastefully fitted up, and ranks among the most reliab'e as well as the most fashionable dry-goods houses in the country. On the same side of the street, just south, is the large general store of h'ixh, Joseph & Co. Which enjoys a large patronage. This was formerly Pard- ridge's main store. Next door south is The Boston Store The greatest bargain establishment of this section. This store is crowded thronged is a better word from morning until night, and it is with difficulty that we can make our way through it. Two large stores are occupied to their full height on State st., and the house besides around the corner to Madison st., where another immense building only partly provides for the enormous custom which the Boston Store attracts. On the opposite side of State st., are Stevens' Silk House, Wilson Bros, (who insist upon selling what they call " gents' " furnishing goods) and Mandel Brothers' dry goods house. The latter extends through to Wabash ave. In the next block are a large number of dry goods, toot and shoe, kid glove and musi- cal houses, all of which maybe termed the first-class, but none of which rise exactly to the dignity of eminence in their peculiar lines. Here is the cheap jewelry center also, where plated things may be found that will pass muster almost in any crowd, but you want to stand on the corner for a while and notice the surging tides of humanity which sweep by here from all points of the compass. ELEVENTH DAY. Are there corner drug stores where you came from ? No. Well, you don't knew how convenient they are! Here in Chicago we have several corner drug stores sev- eral hundred, I should say. It is a cold corner that hasn't got its rirug store ! Do they all sell drugs exclusively? Oh, dear no! They sell drugs least of all. The drug stores of Chicago haven't gone quite so far as the dry goods stores, but their range is long and th.ir field is wide. As yet they have not begun to handle anvils or agricult- THE GUIDE. 593 ural implements, but the tendency is in that direction. The modern Chicago drug store deals in cutlery, amateur painter's supplies ; dispenses mineral waters, liquids of all shades and of every degree of specific gravity; handles face powders and post- age stamps; receives orders for daily papers; communicates telephone messages; orders coal or calls a carriage ; acts as an advertising agency; solicits book orders; keeps constantly on hand a large and varied assortment of society stationery ; sells chewing gum ; has a large cigar patronage ; keeps a city directory ; provides a wait- ing-room for people who have engagements with each other ; carries on a traffic in bottled goods for family use, and sometimes fills prescriptions. And they do all these things well. There has lately been a cry raised against the druggists because it is claimed that prescriptions can not be correctly or safety compounded by a young man who is called away from his mortar every few minutes to change a dime, sell a stick of glim, or order a cab by telephone. Yet but few of us die annually from prescrip- tion clerks' mistakes. At least if many of us die from this cause, we don't know it. Of course, there are a number of sudden deaths here daily, and a disease frequently takes a strange turn, which even the physician can not account for, after the medi- cine he prescribes is administered ; but it wouldn't be f,air to say that the prescription clerk was responsible for these things until we had positive proof of it. This positive proof we may be able to obtain in the next world, perhaps. Certainly not in this. But we are now in one of the best known corner drug stores in Chicago. This is called Buck & Raynor's Corner. I wouldn't undertake to tell you how many hundreds of thousands of people have met here, or in front of this little drug store, by appoint- ment. There are two such places in the city. The other is Dale & Sempill's, on the northeast corner of Clark and Madison sts. We will meet there later on. But I sup- pose that it wouldn't be out of the way to estimate that a thousand persons meet on this corner by previous engagement every day. They meet for all sorts of purposes. Ladies who are shopping and who lose each other in the crowds have a tacit agree- ment that they will meet here at a certain hour. Ladies meet their husbands here in 01 der to get a supply of pin money. Ladies sometimes meet the husbands of other ladies here. Lovers meet sweethearts here. Men meet men here ( but not often). It is a general rendezvous a public trysting-place. From our corner we can see the establishment of James Wilde, Jr., & Co. across the street, one of the finest clothing houses in the country- Mr. Frank Reed is the manager of this house, and he has built up an immense business, I am told. The magnificent building now occupied by Wilde is to be torn down shortly to make room for a sixteen-story sky scraper which Mr. Otto Young is to erect 011 the site. It seems too bad to demolish a building erected less than twenty years ago, and one of the finest in the city; but modern progress is inexor- able and this is only one of many such instances. Elegant structures are either being torn down or remodeled completely throughout the entire business center. I under- stand that Wilde is going to move to the old Hymau corner, that is the northeast corner opposite. The ground upon which we stand at present is School Properti/. This block, bounded by Madison and Monroe, State and Dear- born sts., is one of the most valuable in the city. It belongs to the Public School f ur.d. The ground is leased to the present occupants at a high rate, which is subject to an increase from time to time. On this block of school property stand McVicker's Theatre, the Tribune building, the Journal building, the Stock Exchange bui ding, and some of the most important of the dry goods houses fronting- on State st. There isn't much danger that the school fund will suffer while it has this sort of income-produc- ing property at its back. I am afraid I would only tire you by telling of all the places 594 GUIDE TO CHICAGO. of interest on our trip. We are passing now, one after another, retail stores which differ very materially from those which have already been pointed out. On the south- east corner of State and Monroe sts. is the Palmer House, one of the grandest buildings in the country. [See Palmer House.] This building occupies nearly half the frontage of the next block on the left. Opposite is the Bee Hive, a popular dry goods establishment, and then, on the same side of the street, beginning at the alley, running to the corner of Adams st. and extending back to Dearborn st. an entire block, is The Fair. Here is an attraction for strangers, the like of which you will find nowhere else in this country. The only establishment I know of that bears any resemblance to it is the " Bon Marche " in Paris. [See Fair, The.] The work of demo- lition has begun here preparatory to the erection of the greatest commercial struct- ure in the world. x [See Fair Building.] It will require an hour or two of your time simply to walk through this establishment. You might spend a day in therewith pleas- ure and profit. At any rate I am not likely to Fee you again to-day, so I will promise to meet ycu here in the morning. Yes; you can get any thing you want here, from a rubber doll to a lawn mower. Just step inside and see for yourself. TWELFTH DAY. You have seen the Fair. It is worth something to be able to tell that to your friends when you return. E. J. Lehman? Yes, overwork. A young man yet, but broken down in health. His success was marvelous. From the very humblest of beginnings he arose in a few years to a dizzy height in commercial prosperity. It was not suc- cess that turned his head. He was a practical and a plain man from beginning to end. There are still some prospects of his recovery. Everybody in Chicago would be glad toseehim wellagaln. Across the street is TJie Leader, an establishment similar to the Fair and one that is rapidly becoming popular with the ladies. Although quite a new house it has already an immense patronage. The managers of the Leader are thoroughly wide-awake, and they are making friends by the hundred daily. You must go through this establishment. Here the crowds are as dense as you have found them elsewhere. No stronger proof of" the fact that Chicago is a great city can be given than is made evident by these immense throngs of people. None but a great city could supply a demand sufficient to justify the existence of such establishments as The Fair, The Leader and Selgel, Cooper & Co.'s, which we come to after passing a number of handsome stores. Seigel, Cooper & Co. were referred to in THE STANDARD GUIDE of last year as occupying a large portion of the block beginning at the southeast corner of State and Adams streets. Since then they were burned out completely, the five being one of the most disastrous of recent years in this section. They afterward reopened just a block to the east, on the northeast corner of Wabash avenue and Adams street, but moved into their present quarters in the mammoth Leiter building in time for the summer trade of 1892. This firm has now an opportunity of expanding until it shall occupy more floor area than any other house of the kind in Chicago. All of these great gen- eral stores are growing. Everything in Chicago grows, except perhaps the death rate. There is no standing still here. You must either move on or be pressed backward. Some of the best houses on the streets ten years ago have disappeared. They wanted to be conservatively respectable. They tried to be nice, after the old fashion. They wouldn't advertise, or they wouldn't cut prices. Their age and high standing didn't save them. They have g-one from our gaze. Nor can any of the great houses we have seen during 1 the past few hours afford to sit back on their dignity or compel the trade to come to them without the asking. They must bid and bid high for it. If they hes- THE GUIDE. itate, the man next door will forge ahead of them. There used to be such a thing as an "established" business. There isn't any longer. The public isn't sentimental nowadays. Old houses have no particular charm for the people unless they keep pace with the new houses. We will turn back, passing the "Hub" and the "Bell," two well-advertised clothing houses, and drop over to Clark street. North, of the Postoffice Clark street is a very handsomely built and a very respectable thoroughfare. Near the corner of Adams street and for blocks up we find the city ticket offices of all the great railroad companies. Besides these we pass restaurants, clothing stores, jewelry stores, clothing houses, etc., all of a character which gives a Bowery-like air to the street. Near the corner of Madison and Clark streets is Kohl & Middleton's Museum, which you can enter for the small sum of ten cents, but don't go in now. Now we have reached the most important street intersection in the city, Madison and ClarH Streets. Madison street is the principal east and west and Clark street is the principal north and south artery. It should not be inferred from this, however, that Clark street is more important thixii Stats to the south, for such is not the case. But it penetrates the North Division of the city, as Madison penetrates the West, and for this reason it is regarded as the great north and south thoroughfare. You might be highly entertained for a whole day on this corner just by noticing the people as they pass. It is estimated that 10,000 persons pass this corner every hour from 6 o'clock A. M. to 8 o'clock p. M. I believe it. It is not a stream but a flood of humanity that we sec here. No wonder that these cor- crs come high or that the mer- chants who occupy them are prosperous. They are considered the best corners in the city for business. The names of the stores around here arc all familiar to the people. We will stand on Chambers' corner for awhile before separating, and meet here again In the morning, when wo will be able to take a look at the corners and talk about them at our leisure. THIRTEENTH DAY. I did not think it advisable to point out to you as we walked up Clark street yester- day the entrances to the numerous gambling-houses which line that thoroughfare. I don't think it any part of my duty as a guide to "steer " you against a brace game or a square game. If you are inclined in the direction of faro, roulette or poker, you do not need to be told where to fiud these games in full blast. I never knew an amateur gambler in my life who couldn't scent the lair of the tiger and hear the rattle of the chips afar off. By some sort of intuition *or natural attraction, unaccounted for in my philosophy, gamblers, professional and amateur, are certain to lind a common meeting place. They will have no difficulty in finding all the amusement they want here, at any time of the day or night. Of course you understand, as I do, that gambling is suppressed in Chicago. The Mayor and Superiudent of Police unite in the opinion that there is no gaming for money going on in this city, and that ought to settle it. Yet, we have been brushing up against well-dressed gamblers and would-be-sports for the past hour, and I have heard, in a sfmi-confldential way, that the professionals are reaping a richer harvest at present than ever before in the history of the city. There is something contradictory, not to say inconsistent, about all this, but I can not make it straight, nor can you either, no matter how hard you may try. I have spoken of the " Would-be-sports." These are altogether about as contemptible a class of young men as you will be unfortunate enough to come in contact with during your visit. They are found principally on the west side of Clark, between Adams and Washington streets. They dress nattily and spend their time in posing, generally near the entrances to the gambling houses. As a rule they are the sons of well-to-do parents. They do not find it necessary to work for a living. The one ambition of their use.'ess lives ia to l,e pointed out as gamblers. They are not gamblers however. They haven't got 596 GUIDE TO CHICAGO. brains enough to be gamblers of the professional species. The men who follow gamb- ling as a business haven't got time to pose. Usually they are not over-proud of their calling and have no desire to be pointed out as sports. They work hard for all they get, just like other people. If they make gains to-day they are likely, to suffer losses to-morrow. They have their anxieties like the rest of us. Most of. them have fami- lies. Many of them have nice wives and interesting children. Some of them live in highly respectable neighborhoods. They gamble only as a pure matter of business, and not because they are infatuated with the green cloth or the surroundings of the gamingtable. You don't see these men posing in front of the saloons or gambling entrances, as I said before. They haven't got time. Neither do they flash Alaska sparklers, nor wear lavender pantaloons, nor light kid gloves, nor spend their time in "mashing" the foolish maidens, just past school age, whom you may see tripping 1 by here in the hope of catching smiles from the would-be-sports . There are other young men along this street and around these corners who would also like to be known as gamblers. They are only thieves, however, and of the lowest order. They are cowardly thieves fellows who rob drunken men, or who can be hired to commit any- thing in the nature of a small crime. Some of them are "Bunco Steerers," ruffians who worm themselves into the confidence of strangers, and induce them to visit disreputable gaming houses where they are certain to he robbed. They do this business for a commission. The " Confidence Maa " proper I can not point out to you, for if he be A. Confidence Man, worthy of the name, there is nothing about his appearance or his manners to indicate that fact. But you may be certain that he is here, somewhere, and looking for a victim. He seldom makes a mistake. Before night some fool will cash the check he carries with him, or advance money on the warehouse receipts which be will produce at the proper moment. The most famous gambling house on the street for years was "The Store, 1 " kept by Michael C. McDonald, northwest corner of Clark and Monroe sts. McDonald coined money there. He is a millionaire now and one of the principal stockholders and managers of the Lake street elevated railroad. Besides, he is an Influential politician and in his time has made and unmade a large number of local statesmen. We will see his residence on Ashland ave. later. The gambling houses now in existence are scattered throughout this neighborhood. The most prominent of them is the place conducted by a person named Hankins near by. There is a magnifi- cent saloon and spartingmen's resort in the vicinity, conducted by a gentleman named Mr. Harry Varnell. We will let you find this place and several other places of the same kind if you are seeking them. For the present we will leave the sporting men and the sporting men's resorts and step across Madison street to a corner that is full of present and historic interest to the Chicagoan. This was formerly known as " Dale's," it is now favorably and familiarly known as Dale & SempiU's.I don't believe there is a corner in this great city which is better known. This has been the case during all the years I can remember in Chicago. Mr. Dale was a gentleman everybody liked. He kept open house for the public, and hun- dreds of thousands of people have occupied the scats provided for those who are destined to wait for other people, in the drug store. Mr. Dale is succeeded by Mr. Sempill, another gentleman of the same hospitable disposition. You do not feel that you are intruding when you drop in hereto wait for the friend who never comes, or to keep an appointment with the man who has been unavoidably delayed. Dale & Sem- pill do a great business while you are waiting. You are bound to admire the manner in which the business is managed, and your admiration extends to the elegant soda THE GUIDE. 597 fountain, where the thirst of countless thousands is quenched annually. It is well worth while to spend a little time here, if only to watch the crowds as they pass by. There Is a procession of humanity moving past the door, and you will wonder, as I have wondered hundreds of times, where all these people come from and where they are going to. Across the street is the celebrated Chamber's Corner, called after one of the oldest and best established jewelry houses in the city. Mr. L. Z. Leiter owns this building, and the property upon which it stands is worth something like a hundred dollar; a square inch. Running around this corner with entrances both on Clark and Madison streets, is the preat retail clothing house of Broicninu, King & Co. This firm has ( stallishments in nearly ail the large cities of the country. The parent house is here, however. On the southwest corner of Clark and Washington streets is the famous Opera House Block. This is one of the most imposing structures in the city, eleven stories in height, erected in 1885 on the site of the old Tivoli Gardens, once a popular resort. On the street level are stores with lofty ceilings, and plate-glass front* t^at are desirable for the display of goods. In the main lobby are six rapid elevators, that are Constantly whizzing up and down in their iron cages on either side of the entrance. 'A Ve -.vails are wainscoted with slate and marble- in the most approved fashion, and offices are arranged either single or en suite to meet the demands of all professions. Situated in the center of this vast pile of masonry is the Opera Hous<\ The building is fire-proof throughout and is the property of the Peck estate. On the southeast corner is the Methodist Church Block. This is on the outside a business structure, given over to offices, stores, etc . ; but in the body of the building is an auditorium, where the services of the Methodist Episcopal Church are held regularly. The property belongs to that denomination and is very valuable. On the northwest corner is the Court House, and on the northeast corner is the Reaper Block, built by the late Cyrus H. McCormick, immediately after the great fire. It derives its name from the business in which Mr. McCormick was engaged, the manufacture of reapers. One of the handsomest of the old office structures of Chicago; Property of the McCormick estate. To our right, on Washington street, south side, is the Cook Councy Abstract Company's building, and after passing up Clark street, by the Grand Opera House, and taking a look at the Sherman House, we find ourselves opposite 27ie New Axliland Block, a beautiful and modern office building, finished in 1892. Just east of here is the magnificent New German Theatre, with its tower rising skyward. This structure is described elsewhere FOURTEENTH DAY. We will take a circuit around some of the down-town squares to-day, beginning where we left off yesterday, at the corner of Randolph and Clark sts. The Court House and City Hall are on our left as we move to the west. Passing the Sherman House we come to the Fidelity Bank Building. This structure is occupied by a private banking firm now. There are also safety vaults here. I remember the time when the scenes inside and outside of this building were as wild as any I have ever beheld in Chicago. This was during the savings bank panic in 1877. John C. Haines was the presided of the Fidel- ity, and he paid out money as long as he could ; but the line of frightened depositors lengthened out hour after hour and day after day, until finally he ran out of funds. 598 GUIDE TO CHICAGO. In the meantime the States Saving Institution, around the corner to the left, and the "Bee" Hive, around the corner to the right, had closed their doors. There was "intense excitement," as the newspapers say, but even this blew over in time and the bank crash was soon forgotten. Next door to the Fidelity is the entrance to Hooley's Theater. [See Amusements.] A little further on and we come to the most dangerous street crossing in the city. This is where the North Side cable cars enter and leave the La Salle st. tunnel, where the West Side cable cars turn from La Salle st., and where two processions of horse cars are continuously moving east and west on Randolph st. Strange that so few accidents occur here. It is due to the fact that the danger is real- ized by pedestrians, that policemen are constantly on the alert, and that drivers and gripmen keep their wits about them while passing these corners. [See Hell Gate Cross- ing.] To our left as we walk toward the east is Heath & MiUigan's paint and oil establishment. Mr. Monroe Heath, the senior pro- prietor, was formerly mayor of Chicago, and he is the man who restored the finances of the city, and established the credit, of the municipality abroad after the dull period which followed the flre and the p.:inic of 1873. Along hero are a number of similar concerns and business houses not particularly worthy of our attention. On the north- east corner of Randolph and Fifth avrjnue is the Briggs House [see Hotels], and on the corner of Washington street and Fifth avenue is The Times Building, from which is published the Times, the Frie Presse, the Abend Post, and several other well-known publications. On the opposite corner is the stately and beautiful Stoats Zcitung Building Where the Stoats Zeitung newspaper Is published. [See Newspapers.] Walking east on Washington st., to our right we behold the new office building of The Evening Post, a handsome structure, in which is published one of the best evening papers in the United States, and just two doors east of it is the elegant new Herald Building, a decided improvement upon the surrounding architecture and one of the handsomest structures erected in Chicago during recent years. Returning to Fifth ave., just around the corner to our left is the building formerly occupied by the Arbeiter Zeitung. It was here that the conspiracy which culminated in the Hay- market massacre was hatched; here Spies was arrested, and here were discovered great quantities of bombs and infernal machines. [See Haymarket Massacre.] On the corner of the alley opposite is the Globe publication office, and on the other corner is the old Herald office. Across the street is The Daily News Office, which extends over a large portion of the block. The build- ing occupied by the editorial and mechanical departments, a new and handsome one, is in the rear, fronting on the alley [see illustration]. This is one of the moet complete newspaper buildings in thw country. You will be permitted to visit the press rooms of the different newspaper offices at seasonable hours, and I can not suggest anything that will interest you more than the process of stereotyping and printing in one of these big publication offices. The newspaper aeighborhood is undergoing disintegration at present. Most of the leading offices will shortly be located away from Fifth avenue, for many years the favorite stamping ground of the printer and reporter. We have now reached the intersection of Madison street and Fifth avenue, another crowded and dangerous crossing, and we will step into Arend's and take a glass of his refreshing and incomparable Kumyss. A wonder- ful drink is Kumyss. Of all summer drinks, or winter drinks either, for that matter. THE GUIDE. 599 it is the most refreshing and the most healthful. I am a sufferer from dyspepsia my- self, and I know what I am talking- about. When nothing else in the -wide world will conduct itself properly in my stomach, I fly to Kumyss and find relief. Dr. Arend is a public benefactor, and I say this much about his Kumyss without hope of reward, excepting in the consciousness that I have given publicity to a great truth. Arend's Kumyss is to be found in all the leading hospitals of the city now, and upon the tables of the best families. Directly across tho street our attention is called to the new Security Buildino, now being erected on the southea t corner of Madison street and Fifth avenue, after plans by Clinton J. Warren. The structure will be one of the finest in the city. It will be fourteen stories high, and will cost between $35(\GUO and $4 0,000. The first three stories will be of granite, while the upper floors will be of pressed brick and terra cotta. FIFTEENTH DAY. We will start from the corner of Madison and Clark ets. this morning and walk west. The corner itself or, rather, the four corners we have seen before. About the center of the block to our left is Burke's European Hotel and beneath it is the Chicago Oyster House, a very large, a very beautiful and a very popular restaurant with business people. They feed about five thousand people here every day. Opposite is the Hotel Brevoort, recently enlarged [see Hotels], a central meeting place for wholesale men and country merchants. Next to it is the Tacoma, the first floors of which are occupied as stores ; the inevitable drug store, and this time a very handsome and well-conducted drug store, being located on the corner. Berry, Tlie Candy Man, has one of his numerous branch shops here. I might as well tell you once for all that you will find Berry's candy shops everywhere through- out the city. The proprietor of these places has made a great deal of money by giving people taffy at a reasonable price per pound, and a handsome new building on West Madison st. and Ashland ave. testifies to the fact. Across the street from the Hotel Brevoort is the entrance to Farwell Hall A celebrated assembly room, and the Young Men's Christian Asso- ciation. Farwell Hall in its time has held many notable gatherings. It was here that P. P. Bliss, the composer of sacred music and sweet singer, delighted vast audiences day after day for months during the great Moody & Sankey revival period. Yes, he'8 dead. Went down with his wife and a score of others in the horrible Ashtabula rail- \/ay accident. Here Moody and Sankey have held forth frequently, and here also Fran cis Murphy has preached gospel temperance to multitudes. Others equally well- known have been heard from the platform, among them no less a personage than George Francis Train. It was in Farwell Hall that the bolt occurred among republi- cans which resulted in the defeat of Grant and the nomination of Garfitld in 1880. The Young Men's Christian Association uses this hall frequently for large gatherings, noon- day prayer meetings, etc. [See Christian Organizations.] Passing over La Salle st. we come upon the fronts of two blocks of buildings which will probably be transformed during the next three years. This part of Madison st. is not up with the times. Res- taurants, billiard halls, saloons, second-hand book stores, news-stands, etc., monopo- lize it. Here Charley Curry, a young man who for years served the down-town business people, with newspapers on Arend's corner, lias established himself as a book and newsdealer, and is rapidly winning his way to fortune. He has a handsome branch in the Central Music Hall building. Across Fifth avenue we enter upon the outskirts of the 600 GUIDE TO CHICAGO. Wholesale District. This district at present may be bounded as follows : By Fifth ave. on the east, the river on the west, Randolph st. on the north and Van Buren st. on the south. There are two wholesale districts, however, and they are so far apart that it will be many years before the entire jobbing business is centered in one local- ity. To find room for it it will be necessary to cross the river to the West Side. A movement in this direction has in fact already begun, but the large houses which have located on Canal, CJintoa, West Washington and West Randolph sts. up to this time are mostly in the machinery and machinery supply trade. The great dry goods houses are now all located in what is known as the New Wholesale District, into which we are about to enter. The old wholesale district extends aloncr Wabash ave., from Van Buren st. north to the river, and here there are jobbing houses in almost every line (except wholesale dry goods) from millinery to grocery goods. Moving west on Madison street we pass several blocks of buildings that are passing througa a change. The wholesale trade has been gradually drifting away from this street, to the touth. The retail trade has not yet taken a. fancy to it. That barn-liko structure on the northeast corner of Madison and Market streets was formerly occupied by Marshall Field & Co. as their wholesale house. It is now simply a storage warehouse, and an eye-sore to property owners in the vicinity. The streets to the left are all built up elegantly, and the great wholesale boot atd shoe, clothing and dry goods houses may all be visited in a day's trip along Fiflh avenue, Franklin and Market streets to Van Buren, and along Monroe, Adams, Jackson and Van Buren streets, from Fifth avenue to the river. A tremendous amount of business is being done in this section. The stranger will be received courteously in a majority of the leading houses. J. V. Farwell & Co.'s great establishment is worthy of a visit, and so is Field's, but there is more or less of interest to be found in all the houses of this section, and it would hardly be of value to the reader to point out particular establishments. I will leave you to follow the best of your inclination. I must before doing so, however, call yt.ur attention to the architecture of this section. You wil notice that it differs very materially from that of any other section of the city. Take the Farwell Building, for instance, a speci- men of modern commercial construction of the plain school, and compare it with the massive structures occupied by Marshall Field & Co. and James H. Walker & Co. The latter building is a beautiful one. Among the most familiar names you will see down this way is that of Henry W. King & Co., wholesale clothiers. Their quarters are spacious and their facilities unlimited. This is one of the greatest clothing establishments in the world. The firm not only leads in the trade here but has extensive branches in nearly every lar/e city in the West. Carson, Pirie, Scott & Co.'s new wholesale house is also down this way. Walking west on Adams street, we pass the beautiful general office of the Chicago, Burlington & Quincy Railroad Company. We must enter these great buildings as we come to them, of course. A whole day might be given to Marshall Field's, and we would have to spend a week in this district, if we were to do fuil jus- tice to the trip. I have hurried you around it, pointing out only the most prominent houses. I now leave you to take them in at your leisure. No, as a rule, there will be no objection to your walking through the establishments. You will be met with courteous treatment everywhere. Just say that you are a stranger and that will pass you. Take your time, and to-morrow morning we will visit another portion of the business center equally as interesting. SIXTEENTH DAY. Dickens sells us in one of his novels of a London thoroughfare which, at the time of his slur-/, wway is designed to afford the people of the South and North divisions an opportunity of crossing the river without being subjected to the annoyances which now beset them. The latest estimate of the cost of the May subway, which, in plain lan- guage, is to be a tunnel to connect Michigan boulevard with the North Side park sys- tem, is $1.676,250. This, of course, has nothing to do with land damages, if there be any, but is an estimate on the actual cost of the work. The length of the projected " May '' subway from the north line of Madison street, produced thence along lines of Central avenue and Pine street to south line of Ohio street, is as follows : Feet. South approach , 79J Single arch to river dock line l,6i)3 Double arch section 466 Single arch to commencement of north approach 519 North approach , 451 Total length 3,731 There is every reason to believe that this magnificent public work will be under- taken during the year 1893, and that it will be completed before the opening of the World's Fair. Its completion will give the people of the tf orth Side direct connection with the boulevard and park system of the South Side, and the peoples of the South and West Sides direct and safe connection with Lincoln Park, the North Shore Drive and Sheridan Road, making practically one great pleasure highway from the Indiana State line to a point twenty-six mils north of the Court House. To-morrow we will visit the residence district of the South Side. EIGHTEENTH DAY. Yes, naturally, we begin with Prairie avenue. Why not? It is the avenue of avenues in Chicago. There are people and very nice people, and very wealthy people, and I might add very exclusive people, living on other avenues, but on no avenue in the city are there to be found the homes of as many people whose names are so closely allied to the enterprise, the progress and the culture of Chicago. We will take a plain, ordinary every-day street car to Sixteenth street, and walk east, toward the lake. Then we will walk south and I will point out the residences to you as best I can, and tell you who occupies them. In the first place you are disappointed with Prairie avenue as you see it, looking south from Sixteenth street. It isn't lined with palaces; no. The homes of the millionaires of Chicago are not palaces. There are much hand- somer residences than a majority of these to be found on other streets and avenues. Many of the mansions are comparatively old. Some of them have ' a weather-worn appearance. You see it is this way the people who occupy these houses have long since passed that stage of human weakness which demands display. They could have onyx columns, and burnished cupilos, and stained glass bay windows, and polished marble sidewalks, and little bronze cupids, and all these things if they wanted them, but they don't. They don't need them. The people along here are not of the Veneer- ing variety. They are solidly wealthy. They can afford to let those of us who are struggling to command attention fire off the pyrotechnics. What they want iti sim- ply comfort, and this with as little ostentation as possible. Of course I am speaking generally, and of the people who belong to this avenue. There are some here who THE GUIDE. 605 belong to other localities, but not many. Don't make the mistake either that these mansions are not elegantly furnished, or that any of the little things that contribute toward making a home the enter of culture and refinement are wanting here. The walls of many of these mansions are hung with the works of the greatest masters of all times; the libraries are not merely so in name but in'fact, and from threshold to garret, if you should be invited to make an investigation, you would find that elegant taste and good judgment have been brought into requisition in regard to every article and every adornment that your eyes may rest on. With this little speech we will take up our line of march. The Sweenic residence is on our left as we move south, and we pass the homes of Josiah H. Boyer, Joseph L. McBirney, Walter H. Wilson and John H. Ham- line, on the same side of the avenue. On the other side are the handsome resi- dences of John G. Shortall, Henry L. Frank, and of P. E. Studebaker, the wagon and carriage manufacturer. Next door to him livt s William R. Sterling. A little further d..wn is Mr. Granger Farwell's place, and opposite is the home of the great coal mer- chant, Robert A. Law. South of Mr. Farwell's are the homes of Hugh J. McBirney, Isaac M. Linville and the Hon. Jesse Spaldino, the wealthy lumber merchant. Pacific railroad director and prominent politician. South of Mr. Spalding's we pass on the same side the home of William G. Hibbard, and on the other side the residences of Abraham Longini, Morris Einstein, Peter Brust, Rev. George C. Lorimer, Hulburd Dunlevy anil Robert Gregory. At No. 1721 we pass the house of the late brilliant and popular lawyer, Wirt Dext er whose widow occupies the home now, and at 17-9 we stand in front of the beautiful residence of George M. Pullman. This is a noble mansion, but far from being the home which you supposed Mr. Pullman lived in. We have rassed on the other side of the street the residences of T. W. Harvey, of Albert Sturges and of Mr. James H. Walker. We are now in front of an odd-looking, but eiegant residence, occupied by Mr. John J. Glessner, and the >. extisthe residence of O. R. Keith. At 1816 we find the home of C. M. Henderson, the wholesale boot and shoe merchant ; at 1828 that of Daniel B. Ship- man, and at 1831 that of Fernando Jones. On the other side of the street is the home, of Mrs Miner T. Ames, at 1827 that of J. W. Doane ; at 1901 Norman B. Ream resides, next door to him lives Mr. Marshall Field, in an elegant but unostentatious mansion. At 1919 is the resi- dence of Charles Schwartz, the well-known Board of Trade man ; and further north, at 201', is the residence of George L. Dunlap. Mrs. H. O. Stone, a leader in society, resides at 2035 ; Mr. Elbridge Keith lives at No. 1900, and the home of Edson Keith is at 19C6. Mr. Samuel Allerton's number is 1936 ; John M. Clark's is 2000. Going over to the other side we come to No. 2117, which is occupied by Mr. P. D. Armour. Like the homes of the neighboring millionaires, there is noth- ing about Mr. Armour's residence suggestive of the great wealth of its owner. It is a handsome dwelling as to exterior ; as to interior, it is fitted up with a regard to com- fort principally, but at the same time an air of genteel refinement and elegant luxury pervades every part of it. From this point south we pass, on either side of the avenue, the homes of many of the leading people of Chicago. As a rule the dwellings are modest. The new fads in architecture, or what Joe Gargcry might have called architectitooralooralism, have not found their way into favor along here to any great extent as yet. The street is as quiet as a country lane. Even the banana man's voice is hushed. No noise breaks the dignified stillness of Prairie ave., save the occasional whirr of an Illinois Central suburban train as it flies by the back yards of the buildings on the east side. Although close to the business center, the numerous annoyances of city life are practically left behind by the busy men who make their homes here when they enter its secluded and sedate precincts. 606 GUIDE TO CHICAGO. NINETEENTH DAY, You will hear a certain class of people talking of the district in which we find our- selves to-day as the "aristocratic " quarter of the city. You will not hear any well- bred, well-educated or cultivated person make use of this expression. It is a decidedly vulgar method of conveying the idea that this section of the city is inhabited very generally by people of means. There is no such thing as an aristocracy in Chicago. There never has been an attempt made to create anything of the kind here. Our wealthy men are men who have worked their own way upward, they are men of the peo- ple, and I believe those of them who are ashamed of their humble origin are very few indeed. Mr. Field would be a gentleman if he didn't have a dollar, for he is naturally a gentleman. His wealth through all the years that be has lived in Chicago has not changed him in the least. The same is true of Mr. Armour least aristocratic or auto- cratic of men who is not above the humblest of his employes in his own estimation, and who would rather clothe and feed a needy child than dress for a banquet himself. Mr. Pullman is simply a workingman a hard workingraan who seldom gets a vaca- tion, and finds his greatest enjoyment in pursuits which are honorable but certainly not aristocratic. These are conspicious representatives of the successful mercantile class in this city, and as such are referred to in this connection. The whole tenor of their lives, viewed from any point, or in any light, proves them to be above a vulgar desire to be thought better than their fellows, simply because they have been more suc- cessful. The respect which is due to marked ability in any line of life, to genius, to indomitable perseverance, to spotless integrity, or to a high position well and honor- ably earned, belongs to these and to hundreds of other men who have attained promi- nence here. If they are regarded with very general esteem by the community at large, it is not because they have accumulated wealth simply, but because they have earned it well and honorably, exactly as men earn fame or position in other avenues of life. There is no mere truckling to or fawning before wealth here. A number of men in Chicago have great wealth who can command no respect. A very large num- ber of men in Chicago have the respect of their neighbors and of the whole community who can command no wealth. With such an independent discriminative and demo- cratic sentiment in existence here, an aristocracy would not be tolerated, even if there were among our wealthy men any so foolish as to favor its establishment. I say these things to you because some of the members of our party came from a country which not only tolerates but enjoys an aristocracy. We ought to understand each other before going any farther. There is no aristocracy here, then. We all stand an equal chance, if we behave ourselves. Now this is Calumet Avenue One of the finest residence streets on the South Side, second only to Prairie avenue and by some considered the handsomer avenue of the tw o. It ia inhab- ited by a class of people such as we found yesterday on Prarie avenue, but perhaps not so many wealthy men are grouped together over here. Among the first residences we como to are those of Mr. John Buckingham, Mr. Norman Williams, Mr. C. H. Fargo, Judge Caton, and, a little farther down, Mr. J. C. Chumesero all well known and prominent citizens. On the opposite side of the street we find the homes of Henry W. Hoyt, John A. Hamlin, John Ailing and John R. Walsh, equally well-known and prominent people. These are all handsome residences, and are furnished in the highest taste. Going down the avenue we pass the homes of Lazarus Silverman, the banker ; Otto Young, the well known merchant and manager of " The Fair;" John B. Drake, principal proprietor of the Grand Pacific Hotel; Robert M. Fair, of Marshall Field & Co.; Judge Kirk Hawes, John P. Laflin, J. H. McAvoy, the big brewer ; John B. Mayo, the jeweler ; and the homes of a number of other persons well-known in society and busi- ness circles. Calumet avenue has a distinguished air about it. The houses are all THE GUIDE. 607 fresh-looking and the lawns arc bright and attractive. We will walk down a few blocks to College Place Which is a decidedly respectable-looking little by-street. Here ome very prominent families reside, but we will only linger a moment to admire their homes before paying a similairly brief visit to University Place Another rather exclusive neighborhood, where the residents know all about each other and where a stranger would be likely to suffer criticism if he should dare to take up his abode without having been previously presented to the head of the Burgeoise circle. From University Place we naturally turn south on Vincennes Avenue Which is hardly quite as fashionable as some of its neighbors just yet, because it hasn't been so well built up. If you walk down Vincennes ave. to Forty-third st. you will come upon the Storey mansion, which faces that street with its rear rest ng on Grand boulevard. It looms up like a flour mill from where we stand now, and as a matter of fact it is more like a flour-mill in design and construct- ion than any thing I know of. Yes, it will be sold one of these days and torn down. It was a mad freak. While we are in this vicinity, if you are not too tired, we will walk over to Grand Boulevard. This is one of the fashionable drives of the South Side, and I have already referred to it under the heading "Park System." Turn the pages over. However, I have said nothing about the people who reside on it. Commencing at the southern extremity, where it joins Washington Park, we will walk up. Among the handsome residences we pass to the right and left are those of Judge H. M. Shepard, Mr. Charles H. Aldrich, Brice Worley, John W. Conley, Mark Webster, William W. Peck, H. E. Henderson, Patrick McManus, S. J. Gorman, Norman T. Gazette, J. H. Campbell, S. P. Parmly, E. Frankenthal, J. McMahon, Judge Gwyne Garnett, John F. Finerty, George E. Cole, and, as the political calls say, "many others." I have not asked you to go through the south parks with me because you have all the informa- tion lean give you regarding those beautiful places in your possession already. I will let you take the parks in yourself later in the evening, and we will wind up our day's trip now by walking west on Thirty-ninth street, and north on Michigan boulevard. All of the streets running north and south an, at 132, is the home of James B. Tascott, the father of Willie Tascott. 616 GUIDE TO CHICAGO. [See Snell Murder.] The Rev. J. L. Withrow resides at 149; to our left, and from this point to Madison st., there are a number of stately residences ami fashionable boarding houses. Crossing Madison st. we pass the Congregational Theological Seminary and the popular and fashionable Union Park Congregational Church. On our right is pretty little Union Park itself, and through the trees we can see " Ghott Row " on Ogden ave. and Washington blvd. extending toward the east. We turn our backs upon Union Park and drive west From this p int to Garfleld Park Washington Blvd. is a beautiful residence street. I wil 1 only point out a few of the residences, however, although I would like to name all the occupants if I had the time. Dr. C. W. Earle occupies the pretty residence at No. 635; J. F. Talcott lives in 570; S. 11. McCrea, in 607; James McElroy.in 638; M. B. Loomis, in 629; andF. B. Loomis, next door. George R. Davis, director-general of the Columbian Exposition, in 692; Milton Weston, in 728; J. L. Thurber, in 732; J. T. Rawleigh, in 727; P. F. Ryan, in 730; James Granie, in 815; G. W. Plummer, in 810; JohnJ. Naghten, in 1145; W.E.Janes, in 1144; J. K.Bigelow, in 1172; F. R. Grant, in 1179; F. J. Tennis, in 1229; G. M. Richardson, in 1388; J. H. Mel- linger, in 1411; C. W. Clingman, in 1473; John Eiszner, in 1487; Joseph E. Shipley, in 1499; and now we have reached the park. On our way down town, after passing Union Park, we come to 470, the residence of C. K. G. Billings; to 450, where A. L. Suesman resides; and to the left, at 425, we find the home of Mrs. A. J. Snell. There are so many handsome places on Washington blvd. that we can not stop to admire them if we want to get down town in time to visit McVicker's this evening. TWENTY-FIFTH DAY. I propose that you take in West Monroe, West Adams, West Jackson, West Con- gress, and many of the north and south " c r oss town " streets of the West Division to-day, in order that you may seo for yourself how the great majority of our well-to- do people are situated. These streets are not fashionable in the strict sense of the term, but they are respectable, and a great many fashionable people make their homes along them. We should not neglect beautiful Warren avenue, or Park avenue, or Walnut street either. You will flnd some pretty little parks over on the West Side other than those I have pointed out. Jefferson Park, for instance, is a little gem, and it is surrounded by handsome residences. Just east of it, on Adams street, is the Peter Schuttler mamion, which will attract your attention. Vernon Park, to the southwest, is another pretty spot, and here you will find some elegant homes. To tell you even the names of all the people who reside in these comfortable and handsome residences would require more time and patience than we have at our disposal. After you get through with sight-seeing in the residence district you must take a drive south on Ashland avenue and visit the Lumber District. Here you will also see the West Side pumping works. The lum- ber district as well as the pumping works are described fully elsewhere. We passed the County Hospital and the Medical Colleges rather hastily yesterday. Go over there. You will be admitted into the great buildings. The wards of the County Hospital may be visited. The Presbyterian Hospital is close by. A little to the north is the Woman's Hospital, which is worthy of your attention. All these places, as well as the Morgue (in the rear of the County Hospital), are fully described in this book. You can not see half enough ef the Hospital district in a day, but you must be ready to take in the northwestern part ot the city to-morrow. TWENTY-SIXTH DAY. If we cross over the Randolph street bridge, we will soon find ourselves in the new iron, steel and machinery center. There are some beautiful salesrooms on Randolph and Canal and Clinton streets now, and the machinery trade appears to have come over THE GUIDE. 617 here to stay. If you arc interested in mechanics this is the place for you. Everything fro. a laundry to mining machinery is displayed here. There are some biff foundries and iron works close by. Moving north to Lake street, we are in the midst of manu- factories. There is the David Bradley concern, the Fraser & Chalmers works, the shot tower, and dozens of other important manufactories within a stone's throw of us. Near by the great Cold Storage Exchange is being erected. All these places are referred to under the heading " Great Industries of Chicago." Turn back tho patres and you wil find what you want to know concerning them. From this point Milwau- kee avenue takes a shoot in a northwestern direction. We pass over a great via- duct, crossing the tracks of the North- Western, the Panhandle and the St. Paul roads, and enter upon a thoroughfare which is hardly estimated at its proper worth, because it is so little known to the great majority of our people. Breweries tower to the right of us. Iron manufactories blacken the atmosphere to the left of us, but we are soon walking along a busy street, lined with shops, crowded with vehicles and alive with pedestrians. This is Milivaukee Avenue, and it is Milwaukee avenue for miles out. You meet a foreign peofle over here principally descendants of the Vikings. You see foreign names over foreign-looking stores. Foreign expressions are heard to drop from foreign- looking people, but you notice that there is a decided air of prosperity pervading all of your surroundings, and you look with admiration upon the thrift and industry which make themselves felt on every side. The majority of the people you come in contact with at first are Scandinavians. Later, as you move to the northwest, you hear the unmistakable German accent aid see the unmistakable German signs. There are some handsome buildings along here. Mr. Paul O. Stensland's bank gives a metro- politan complexion to the neighborhood. There are book stores, dry goods stores, notion stores, restaurants and hotels here. There are also saloons, but not as many to the block as on some other thoroughfares. Milwaukee avenue will take you out to Humboldt park, or to Wicker park or to the old Snell toll road, or to the northwestern suburbs, if you follow it long enough. You can spend a day over in this section of the city, however, very pleasantly, and one of the things which will attract your attention is the great amount of building going on. On all sides fine store-houses and residences are rising up as if by magic. You can rest in Humboldt Park when you are tired of walking or riding, and while at the park don't fail to visit the Conservatory. [See Park Conservatories.] The cable line will carry you out into the country. If you would like to make the circuit you can take connecting lines which will bring you back to the center of the city via the North Side cable. To-morrow we will move upon the North Side. TWENTY-SEVENTH DAY. North Clark is the principal artery of the North Division. From this beautiful and bustling thoroughfare nearly all the principal streets diverge. It is also the dividing line between the residence and the business or manufacturing districts of this section. Bel ween N. Clark and Lake Michigan are to be found the handsome residences, the fine churches and the magnificent apartment houses. True, LaSalle ave. is not to be ignored, but south of Chicago ave. it can not be any longer considered as a fashionable street. The fine residences have been in most instances turned into boarding houses, many of them are not over respectable. North and northwest of North ave. then- :n o some elegant dwellings, but this district is noted for other attractions. We wiil take the cable from Michigan st. to Lincoln Park. On our way we pass some very handsome business blocks. North Clark st. has a moi'c dignified appearance than W. Madison s f . The building's, as a rule, are higher and more substantial. There are some very fine family hotels along here, and some large stores. At Illinois st. we come to the 618 GUIDE to CHICAGO. Palace Hotel. The scheme for extending this hotel is to result in establishing one of the greatest hostelries in the world on the North Side. [See Illustration.] It is to contain 800 rooms and to cover two entire sides of a block. The plans, which have been prepared, provide for a seven-story building 1 , to extend from the corner of Clark and Indiana streets south to Illinois street and west on Illinois street. The Palace Hotel, 100 feet on Clark street and 80 feet on Indiana street, occupies the corner. It is seven stories and basement high. Next to this is an alley. South of this Is a four-story building, and on the corner is a building five stories high. The entire Clark street frontage is to be brought up to the height of the Palace Hotel, the addi- tonal stories will be of the lightest possible composition. The walls will probably be built of hollow brick and terra cotta. It has been decided to build bay-windows over the alley. On the Illinois street side the plans are not so well developed. The hotel company has leased eighty feet in addition to the eighty-foot corner. This will be built up eighty-three feet high, to correspond with the Clark street frontage. The reconstructed building is to be known as the Grand Palace Hotel, and will cost $300,000, and will be under the management of C . P. Newberry, owner and proprietor of the pres- ent Palace Hotel. Passing Chicago avenue we can see the North Side water tower to our right, and Moody 's church to our left. Passing Washington square we see that the building of the magnificent Newberry Library is^progressing. [See Newberry Librar y.] In the vicinity of this square are some handsome apartment houses and some of the most fashionable churches in the city. Beautiful Dearborn ave. skirts the park to the right, and through the trees we can see the elegant building of the Union Club. Where the Newberry building is being erected stood the old Ogden residence, for many years an object of interest to strangers because it was the only building in the North Division that withstood the onslaught of the conflagration on October 9, 1871. [See Ogden residence.] Leaving Washington park, the next object pf interest we come across is the Clark street power-house of the North Chicago cable lines. [See City Railways.] We may go inside and watch the movement of the magnificent machinery for awhile, after which we will proceed directly to Lincoln park. Here I will leave you to spend the day, referring you to the heading " Park System " for all such information as you may require regarding the attractions of this beautiful resort. If you will remain until evening you will see the Yerke's electric fountain, a sight worth witnessing. [See Yerke's Electric Fountain.] I would also suggest that you visit the Sanitarium on the lake shore. [See Daily News Fresh Air Fund.] To-morrow I will meet you in front of the Lincoln monument. TWENTY-EIGHTH DAY. Dearborn avenue, from this point south, is a beautiful and fashionable residence street. To our left, before we enter the avenue, on the southeast corner of North State and North avenue, is the elegant Archipiscopal palace of the Mt. Rev. P. A. Feehan, Roman Catholic Archbishop of the diocese of Chicago. Farther toward the east, and to our left is the head of the beautiful Lake Shore Drive. (See Lake Shore Drive.) Moving down Dearborn avenue we pass on either side numerous handsome residences. At No. 628 resides H. H. Shufeldt, the well known distiller. Adjoining his are the resi- dences of W. C. and S. E. Egan. Farther down, at 602, resides S. M. Fargo. At 592 re- sides Louis Stern, at 537 Wm. Sprague, at 539 D. H. Tolman, at 517 H. D. Colvin, at f32 O. W. Potter, at 471 R. Meadowcroft, at 408 B. F. Culver, at 400 J. M. Adsit, at 370 Wm. M. Hoyt, at 362 the family of B. H. Campbell, at 350 John S. Runnels, counsel for Geo. M. Pullman, at 323 Geo. S. Dunlap, at 321 Dr. R. N. Isham, at 330 J. J. McGrath, and in this vicinity a large number of persons equally well known in business and society circles. Running paraltll with Dearborn avenue are North State street, Rush street and a number of other avenues upon which reside many of the leading people of THE GUIDE. 619 the city, and where we will find some very elegant homes. At 118, on Stale street is the Ontario, a fashionable apartment house, and among the residents on the street are J. J. P. Odell (483), James A. Kirk (533), S S. Chisholm (537), Gen. A. S. Chetlain (543), Lyraan J. Gage (470), Geo. Rowland, (48?) and Clarence H. Dyer (516). Among the well-known residents on Rush Street are Mrs. Cyrus H. McCormick (135), with whom reside Mr. and Mrs, Emmons Blaine, Henry W. King (151), Cyrus H. Adams (155), W. K. Nixon (156). Close by are the Marquette and Victoria apartment houses which are occupied by fashion- able people. While in this vicinity a number of the streets running east and west should be visited. They are all fashionable avenues and are lined with beautiful resi- dences. The Lake Shore Drive is refered to at very considerable length in this volume. It is not yet, perhaps, but it is destined to te the most magnificent boulevard in Chicago. There are not many residents on the drive as yet, but those who have located here are among the first people of the city, and their homes are perhaps the most elegant we have to exhibit to the visitor. As you drive toward Lincoln Park you pass at No. 57 the home of Edward F. Lawrence. Close by, on Pearson street, are the winter residences of John V. and C. B. Farwell. At No. 60 resides A. C. McClurg; at 66 Mason Starring and Prof. David Swing; at 100 is the magnificent residence of Potter Palmer; at 103 resides Franklin MacVeagh; at 109 S. E. Barrett; at 111 H. A. Towner; at 112 V. C. Turner; at 120 George Armour. Before leaving the residence district of the North Side, the northern part of La Salle ave. should be visited. At 300 resides J. McGregor Adams; at 317 Victor F. Lawson, editor of the Daily News; at 353 Dr. F. Henrotin; at 367 N. H. Blatchford; at 388 Geo. O. Fairbanks; at 436 H. A. Kirchoff; at 448 Malcolm McNeil; at 520 Wm. Vocke; and all along the avenue people of prominence in society and business circles. A day spent in driving or walking along these beautiful streets will be a day well spent. TWENTY-NINTH DAY. To-day we can not do better than to wander through Lake View, formerly a city in itself, now a portion of Chicago. A trip through this section may take us along the north shore of the lake, into Graceland Cemetery, or through Argyle Park and Edge- water, all of which are described elsewhere, or we may not halt until we have passed through the .village of Uavenswood and on to Rose Hill. Whichever direction we may take, if we keep to the lake shore, we will find ourselves surrounded by residences and lawns unexcelled for beauty in any part of the city. Or we may strike out toward the west and find ourselves on the thoroughfares which sweep through the populous district lying contiguous to the north branch of the Chicago ri%-er. Over here we will find the Deering Works and the North Side Rolling Mills, already described. In the dis- trict lying between the river and Lincoln Park we will find several business centers which will be a surprise to us. These are penetrated and fed by Sedgwick st., Larrabee St., N. Halsted St.. Garfield ave., and Lincoln ave. On the latter thoroughfare we find a cable railway which carries us out beyond the present building limits. In this quar- ter of the city are many handsome public institutions. I have already called your attention to St. Joseph's Hospital and to the McCormick Seminary. Besides these you will pass the Uhlich Orphan Asylum and many very handsome churches of the various denominations. The business blocks on N. Market, N. Halsted, Sedgwick St., Larra- bee st., Garfield ave., Lincoln ave. and even on far away Fullerton ave. will compare very favorably with pretentious structures in the heart of the business district. There is a great local traffic going on out this way. Miles from the commercial center 620 GUIDE TO CHICAGO. you find yourself practically in another city, independent almost of the down town section, with its own theaters, public halls, retail stores, promenades and distinctive interests. THIRTIETH DAY. You will necessarily, and as a matter of course desire to visit the suburbs. Not many of these can be visited in a day or even in a week. But we can take a North- western train this morning 1 and, at least, pay a flying visit to the beautiful villages which are to be found along the Milwaukee division. We select this division because I want you to see, particularly, the buildings of the Northwestern University. These are described in full under the head of Educational Institutions. If you have any leisure time on your hands before the close of the day, you will visit Fort Sheridan, only a short distance to the north. This post is described under the head of Military. Trains are passing at frequent intervals, and if there is still an hour left, you can visit Calvary and Rosehill cemeteries on your return trip to the city. THIRTY-FIRST DAY. We have not been able up to this time, to give our attention to the great manu- facturing towns which lie to the south of the city. The Calumet District should not be overlo ked by the visitor. It is already fully covered in the body of this volume, under the headings, " Outlying Chicago " and " Great Industries of Chicago." All the world has heard of Pullman, and all the people of the world who will visit Chicago during the next three years will want to see that wonderful industrial center. South Chicago. Hegewish, Harvey, Hammond andTolleston are destined to become equally famous in the near future. All the information obtainable with reference to these great manufacturing centers, you will find by reference to the index. I leave you here to pursue your journey alone. During the days I have been with you we have seen a great part, but by no means all of Chicago. I have not, as a rule, gone over the ground already covered by other departments of this volume, leaving you to deter- mine for yourself which places you should visit and which you should pass by. Before saying good-bye to you, I want to call your attention to a number of houses of prominence and resp'ctability, and a number of attractions which you should visit and see before leaving Chicago. In the very necessity of the case it was impossible for me to stop long enough at each of these places as we went along, but now your time is your own and I advise you to give them your earnest consideration. You are certain to be interested in what follows. Dodge Manufacturing Company, The. The Dodge Manufacturing Company, prop- erly a Chicago concern, with factory situated at Mishawaka, Indiana. Their ground plant covers a space of eighty acres and a floorage capacity of twenty acres. Thiscon- cern is the largest manufacturer of pullsysin the world, their daily output being about 750 pulleys. This factory was entirely destroyed by fire and rebuilt in a modest way the same year. Success crowned their efforts, and now the plant is one of the repre- sentative establishments of the country. Over seven million bricks have been used in the construction of this plant, and of these over five million have been laid during the past four years. About 600 men are employed in the large works of this company. Their woiv s are equipped throughout with new and special machinery for the manu- facture of pulleys. Their product is popularly known as the Dodge Patent Inde- pendence Wood Split Pulley, and the increasing demand for this pulley is considered ample evidence as to their merit over any other pulley in the market. By their patent bushing every pulley is capable of being adjusted to from twenty-five to forty different sizes of shaft, making their daily output equal to 30,000 iron pulleys. This company is also originator of the Dodge patent system of power transmission by manila rope. THE GUIDE. 621 This system has been copied by numerous manufacturers throughout the country, but the honor of origination belongs only to the Dodge people. They have built and erected rope drives ranging in capacity from 2,000 horse-power down, and covering distances as far as 4,000 feet. A fully-equipped foundry with a melting capacity of eighty tons per day, also an extensive machine shop, represents part of this company's plant. A new line of power-transmitting appliances, including hangers, pillow blocks, couplings, friction clutches, etc., has been added to their list of products. They also enjoy the reputation of having the finest engine room in this country. The Chicago office of this concern is located at 63 and 65 South Canal street, where a large stock of their several specialties is carried for immediate delivery. Gormully A Jeffery Mfg. Co. Makers of the " Rambler" bicycles. R. Philip Gor- mully, president and treasurer; Thos. B. Jeffery, secretary and superintendent. Works located on North Franklin and Pearson streets; retail salesroom at 85 Madison street; has branch houses in New York, Boston and Washington. Established in 1879. This concern from a small beginning now ranks as one of the leaders in its particular line, the value of their immense plant mounting well up into six figures. It is the second oldest bicycle institution in this country, was the first in the West and also the very first in America, with sufficient faith in what, less than eight years ago, seemed a very precarious industry, to erect and equip a factory specially for the manufacture of bicycles. It is also largely through its efforts that the trade has assumed the pro- portions of to-day, as they i esisted the demand for payment of royalty, which was levied by the holder of the original license, and after a long and expensive legal fight, ending in the supreme court of theU. S., they secured a verdict on each and every point raised. The decision threw the doors open and the bicycle industry, along with the Gormully & Jeffery Co., has since gone on and flourished. Marine Engine Works. Robert Tarrant, proprietor. This is one of the pioneer induitries in its line in this city, having been started in 1857 by Mr. John Murphy, who, with various partners, was connected with it up to 1868, at which time Mr. Tarrant entered into partnership with him under the firm name of Murphy & Tarrant, their connection continuing until the great fire of 1871, at which time Mr. Murphy retired. Mr. Tarrant, with the energy characteristic of him, at once began to enlarge the busi- ness, and, as a result, has to-day a shop whose equipments of tools and appliances is second to none in the country. Eight years ago he built and occupied his present quarters at 52, 54 and 56 Illinois street, which are 75 feet by 100 feet, five stories high, and which it was supposed would be amply sufficient for the requirements of his busi- ness for years to come, but its growth has kept pace with that of the city, and a contin- uance of it will compel larger accommodations. His line of manufacture is varied, running from the finest tools for watch-making to mammoth presses for printing newspapers, ice machines, brick presses, marine engines and any special machine which the market may require. In 1885, finding that his business required a better grade of castings than the foundries of that time could furnish, he decided it to be necessary for him to branch out in that auxiliary line, and consequently associated with him in the foundry business, Mr. John Ramsay, who had and has the reputation of being the best foundryman in the Western country, under the firm name of Tarrant & Ramsay, but in 1891 the requirements of the business induced them to organize as a corporation under the name of the Tarrant & Ramsay Company. This concern has rapidly come to the front by its ability to make difficult and large castings, and lately suc- ceeded in making three, weighing twenty tons each, which are the largest made west of New York. Henry Dihblee Co., The. Location of factory and sales rooms 149 and 150 Michi- gan ave., (formerly and for many years at 266 and 268 Wabash ave.) The com- 622 GUIDE TO CHICAGO. pany occupies the entire four-story building at the numbers named, where they employ a large number of workmen in the manufacture of the finest special designs in wood mantels, bookcases, office fixtures, side-boards and all kinds of interior orna- mental furnishings. The business of the company was established in 1873 by Henry Dibblee, in whose name it was conducted until 1886, when it was incorporated with a capital stock of $75,000. Officers: Anson S.Hopkins, president; B. E. Sunny, vice- president; J. G. Sanborn, secretary and treasurer. They carry in stock the largest assortment of grates and mantels, and are large importers of English tiles for floors, walls, etc. Among the many prominent buildings fitted up by this company we may mention the Auditorium, of Chicago ; Kinsley's, the Pullman office building, the Polk street and Great Western depots, the Keith and Perry office buildings. Kansas City; the Northwestern Life Insurance building, Milwaukee ; the Tennessee Club, of Mem- phis, Tenn., as well as hosts of the finest private residence?. Their elegantly fitted show rooms are worthy of a visit from the stranger, and especially those interested in the lines manufactured and carried by this company. ) Rice and Whitacre Manufacturing Company. Located 47 and 49 South Canal street. Established as a firm 1880. Incorporated, 1887. Manufacture and handle engines, boilers, steam pumps, power transmitting machinery, steam and hot water heating apparatus. Among goods of their own manufacture are the " Kriebel " steam engines an d the "Triumph" steam and hot water heaters. They are also agents in the West for the " G urney " hot water heaters, and handle a large line of stationary, automatic and hoisting engines outside of those of their own manufacture, as well as steel boilers of all styles. As a part of their local business they contract for the erection of complete steam-power plants. Outside of Chicago their trade in certain lines extends to all parts of the United States, and some of their goods are sold for export. Their shops are well equipped with modern improvements and facilities, including the latest machinery, while a large force of skilled men is required to meet the demands of their constantly increasing patronage. The Edward Ely Company. Few establishments in mercantile life occupy more general attention in these days of tasteful attire than those devoted to the manufac- ture and sale of mule garments, for at no period during its entire history has the tailor's art been so highly appreciated or better understood than at the present day. Among the many popular and prosperous houses devotid to this important branch of industry in Chicago, and well worthy of more than passing notice, is the concern of the Edward Ely Company, whose well-ordered establishment is most centrally located in the Ely Building, at the corner of Wabash avenue and Monroe street, and which has for many years enjoyed a wide-spread reputation for the superior quality of its pro- ductions, and fair, square and liberal business methods. Mr. Ely, the founder of this enterprise, was born in Huutington, Conn., and settled in Chicago in 1852. Being a thorough master of the merchant tailoring trade, he embarked in business on his own account in 1854, and, after amassing a competence in a comparatively brief period, lost almost his all, in common with so many of his brother business men, during the holo- caust of 1871. With characteristic energy, he at once began the attempt to rebuild his fallen fortunes, and with such success that in 1886 he inaugurated the present company under the laws of the state of Illinois, with a paid-up capital of 8100,000. His present quarters constitute one of the finest appointed merchant tailoring emporiums in Chi- cago, and are fully equipped with every convenience for the comfort of patrons, and the advantageous display of the fine stock of French, English and German broadcloths, cassimeres, woolens, worsteds, tweeds, meltons, cheviots, diagonals, etc., in all the latest and most fashionable styles. Some idea may be formed of the extent of the oper- ations of this company when it is stated that five cutters and seventy-five journeymen THE GUIDE". 623 are provided with constant employment. Mr. Ely, in point of fact, ranks as the lead- ing merchant tailor of the Metropolis of the West, his trac ing connection being broadly distributed over the entire Union. He is a prominent member of bothsocial and com- mercial circles, actively identified with the Merchant Tailors' Association, and a heavy holder of Chicago realty. Irwin, Green & Co. This is one of the oldest houses in the grain commission trade in Chicago. Located at 12C to 131 Rialto Building adjoining the Board of Trade. D . W. Irwin and A. W. Green and C. D. Irwin compose the firm. Established by D. W. Irwiii in 18.">4. Later it became D. W. Irwin & Co., and continued so for some years. Mr. Green has been with the house over twenty years. C. D. Irwin is a son of the senior member. The firm has ridden out all panics, has never failed, has always en joy- ed the highest credit among bankers and the trade in general, and does a large receiv- ing and shipping business, besides, d< alii g extensively in grain and provisions and buying and selling for future delivery all commodities dealt in on the Board of Trade. The firm's offices in the Rialto Building comprise a fine suite of rooms, are convenient to the Hoard and worthy of a visit from the stranger. Fred S. James & Co. Chicago is to be congratulated upon the high standard of enterprise, ability and integrity displayed by its leading fire underwriters, prominent among whom is the responsible firm of Fred S. James & Co. This extensive business was established in 1863 by Alfred and Fred S. James and continued in that name until 1871, when the business was transferred to Fred S. James & Co. Associated w.th Fred S. James at the present time are Wm. D. Marsh and George W. Blossom. 1 he firm was one of the few to go through the great c> nflagration of 1871 with comparatively few failures in their line of companies, so conservative and prudent had they been in the selection of risks their offices are located at 174 La Salle street, and are commo- diously and handsomely fitted up and furnished with great^taste. A number of assis- tants are employed; and every facility is at hand for the transaction of the leading underwriter's business in a prompt and satisfactory manner. This firm is the agent for a number of the leading corporations in their line. Among the many represented are the following: Lancashire of England, cash assets $2,010,219; Firemen's Fire Insur- ance Co., Boston, Mass., cash capital $400,000; Eliot Insurance Co., Boston, Mass., cash capital 3200,000 ; Connecticut Fire Insurance Co., Hartford, Conn., cash capital $1,000,- 000; National Fire Insurance Co., Hartford, Conn., cash capital $1.000,0,0; Broadway Insurance Co., New York, cash capital 82,000,000; The Delaware Mutual Safety Insur- ance Co., Philadelphia, Penn., cash capital $703,875 E. S. & W. S. Fowler. Located at 38 Madison street. Familiarly known as Fowler's. The leading manufacturing optician of Chicago. This house makes a specialty of scientific testing of the eye and grinding glasses to correct any defect of vision. They employ experts and solicit the most complicated cases. The stranger visiting Chicago, if troubled with any disease of the eye, will find it to hisj advantage to visit this establishment. Western Wheel Works Factory, Wells, Schiller and Sigel streets, North Sitfe; main office, 501 Wells street. The largest bicycle manufacturing establishment in America. The factories of this company contain 25 ',000 square feet of floor space and employ one thousand men. No less than 25,000 safety bics'cles were made and sold in 1891. The facilities of the establishment have been doubled. Among the most popular bicycles manufactured here are the Blackhawk, Crescent No. 2, Escort, Crescent No. 1, Juno, Rob Boy No. 3, Rob Roy No. 2, Rob Roy No. 1. Here are also manufactured the Cinch. Combination Junior, Boy's Junior and Pet. These machines have a market in every part of the world, and owing to their popularity the export trade is constantly increas- ing. They are everywhere considered among the most reliable and popular. Some of 624 GUIDE TO CHICAGO. the makes mentioned have been ridden by champions in prize contests throughout the country. Eastern agents, R. L. Coleman & Co., 35 Barclay St., New York. Sawyer-Goodman Co. The Sawyer-Goodman Company, 500 Lumber St. and 107 Dearborn St., is one of the largest and most widely known lumber companies in America. Its officers were pioneers in the manufacture of lumber in Michigan and Wisconsin, and it now owns large areas of pine forests in those states, and its mills are of the largest capacity and most modern construction. The distributing yards in Chicago are among the most extensive in the city, with one thousand feet of dock front and track room to load fifty cars daily. Having ample room for piling in these great yards, a stock of lumber, unsurpassed in extent, is constantly on hand, from which demands for pine lumber for every conceivable purpose can be promptly filled; whether from the wholesale lumber merchant of Chicago, to supply the de- ficiencies of his stock, or from the lumbermen cf other cities, or more especially for shipment by rail to the more remote, but no less important trade of the retail lumber dealers in all parts of the country. This company also manufactures and supplies from its mills large quantities of the stock handled by other lumbermen. The com- bined sales of its mills and Chicago yards have exceeded an average of 75,000,COO feet annually for many years. To the stranger in Chicago a visit to these yards and docks on the river near 22nd Street bridge would be very interesting, and tourists who desire to see something of this most important industry would be well repaid for a visit to the mills of the company at Marinette, Wisconsin, only one night's ride from Chicago by palace car. The President of this company is Hon. Philetus Sawyer, of Wisconsin, the well-known United States senator; the active officers in Chicago being James B. Goodman, secretary, and Wm. O. Goodman, treasurer. E. W. Blatchford & Co. Located at the intersection of Clinton and Fulton streets and Milwaukee avenue, in the center of the West Side manufacturing district, well worth a visit by all strangers coming to Chicago, are the works of E. W. Blatchford & Company and The Chicago Shot Tower. The former was established at this point forty and the latter twenty-five year3 ago. The business has been enlarged and extended to meet the growth of our city and the Northwest, and has always been the leading man- ufacturing concern in the West for lead and lead products. This includes lead pipe % sheet lead, bar and pig lead, glaziers' lead, sash weights, etc., etc. During the past twenty years this house has given special attention to mixed metals, electrotype and stereotype metals. Finding it necessary to have on hand at all times for their own uses pig tin and copper, ingot, sheet and bar antimony of all grades, spelter, antimon- ial lead, in large quantities, they are in the best possible position to fill the require- ments of the trade generally on particularly advantageous terms. During the past few years the Blatchford Cartridge Works have been incorporated with the other business, and their loaded shells have rapidly taken the first position in the estimation of the shooting community. A visit to their works can not fail to be very interesting to all those concerned in this line of business. There are many objects of interest amonsr the large manufacturing concerns in this neighborhood, and a visit to the Shot Tower and its vicinity will amp.y repay the time devoted to this purpose. Peltibone, Mullihen & Company's Works. Situated on four acres of ground, occupying the block bounded by Hawthorne avenue, Eastman, Dayton and Rees Bti-cets, having 450 feet front on the Chicago, Milwaukee & St. Paul Railway. The buildings are of substantial character, built of brick, and cover nearly two-thirds of the property. Pettibone, Mulliken & Company are manufacturers of Strom Clamp Frogs, Channel Split Switches, Axel Automatic Switch Stands, Pilot Automatic Switch Stands, Banner Switch Stands, Marks Switch Stands, Samson Head Chairs, Tie Bars, THE GUIDE. 025 and ordinary frogs, crossings, split switches, combination slip switches also Alkins Forged Steel Rail Braces, Jenne Track Jacks, Union Track Drills, Perfection Track Drills, Roller Rail Benders, and Union Counterbalance Hoists for ore docks. All frogs, crossings, and switches are worked cold. All parts of the various appli- ances turned ont are^made to templet: are interchangeable, and are manufactured by special machinery. The Union Counterbalance Hoists for ore docks are the latest improved appliances for raising chutes on ore docks. This hoist has been placed on three large docks in the West. The specialties manufactured, such as the Jenne Track Jack, the Roller Rai Bender, the Union and Perfection Track Drills, and the Alkins Forged Steel Rail Brace are used on nearly every railroad in the United States and many foreign roads. The Jenne Track Jack was the first friction track jack put on the market. Warner Brothers, Corset Manufacturers Located at 203 and 205 Jackson street, J. A. Miner, manager. Factory located at Bridgeport, Conn . The largest corset manu- factory in the world; a frontage of 830 feet; height, four stories; capacity, 850 dozen corsets a day. The celebrated Coraline Corset made in twenty-four styles to fit any form short. medium or long waist ranging in price from $1 to $5 each. They' manufacture corsets ranging in price from $3.50 to $3C per dozen. M. A.Richardson, Jr., & Co. This firm was founded by M. A. Richardson, Sr., who has been engaged in the manufacturing and jobbing business in Chicago since 1870. They were located on East Lake street for a number of years; but, finding it difficult to obtain room for their rapidly-growing busines^ on the overcrowded South Side, and recognizing the fact that the business center of Chicago must move westward, they went over to the West Side in 1890 and purchased the corner on West Washington boul- evard and Curtis street, where they erected a large six-story building adapted to the manufacture of tinware and other goods in their line, and where they also do a large jobbing business in japanned, silver-plated ware, clocks, cutlery and all kinds of kitchen utensils, novelties, etc., etc . This location is convenient to all freight depots and is easily reached by business men visiting the city, as the Madison street cable cars run one block to the south and the Randolph street horse cars one block to the south, while the Lake street elevated road, when completed, will run within two blocks on the north. Visitors should get off the cars at Curtis street, when they will have no trouble to find their place. M. A. Richardson, Jr., and B. H. Chamberlin, the more active members of the firm, claim that with their present facilities for handling freight and manufacturing with no rent to pay, that they can meet any competition, quantity and quality con. sidered. This section of Chicago must soon be given up to business, as manufacturers are buying up allavailable property, and many large factories, wholesale and retail houses are now in course of erection. Anyone contemplating building a factory, wholesale house, or any other institution for traffic, should not fail to look over this locality, as it is sure to be in the center of the business district of the great metropolis in a short time. The Chicago Rawhide Manufacturing Company.- Established in 1878, and was incor- porated in March following. Its business is the manufacture of rawhide belting, lace- leather, rope and other rawhide goods of all kinds. The process by which it manu- factures its leather is known as the KRUEGER patent, of which the company is the sole owner. They also control a large number of other patents, necessary to the busine s. The company first commenced the manufacture of its goods at 38 and 4o West Monroe Street. Their goods immediately found favor in the market, and in a 626 GUIDE TO CHICAGO. short time the business outgrew the space occupied at the above location. In Novem. ber, 1882, it removed to its present location, 75 and 77 East Ohio Street, into a building 50x100 feet, five stories, prepared especially for their use. Two years ago an addition of two stories was made to the building. They now employ a large number of work- men, and business is constantly on the increase. All goods manufactured are of the best quality, and their reputation is known all over the world. Their trade covers the whole country, as well as many foreign countries. They have recently added the manufacture of rawhide hydraulic packing to their already extensive thie of manu- facture -, and have been for many years making rawhide pinion and gears, that for results are unequaled by anything in the market. These pinions are noiseless, and wear better than steel. In the manufacture of their goods, nothing but the best native hides are used, and very great care is taken to produce the best goods that can be made. The present officers of the company are W. H. Emery, president; W. H. Preble, secretary and treasurer, and A. 15. Spurling, vice-president. These gentlemen are all well known of business ability, and thoroughly undei stand their business. JThe company has the reputation of square and honest dealings in all respects, and can be relied upon as being one of our best business houses. Sweet, irallncli & Co., located 215 and 221 Wabash avenue, dealers in Photographic Supplies. Business conducted originally in the name of Chas. W. Stevens & Co.,estab- ]isli<-il 1865. In January, 1886, the present firm assumed control of the business, and under the present management has grown to be the leading house in America in its line. Vic rlimj, McDowell & Co., Iron JFo reallocated at Twenty-third Street and Stewart avenue, on the lines of the Pittsburgh, Fort Wayne & Chicago and Western Indiana Railroads. Works cover about two acres of ground. Have substantal buildings for foundry, pattern, erecting shops and office. Over two hundred hands employed, and handle annually over twenty thousand tons of pig iron, rolled beams, etc. Take State street or Archer avenue car, or Ft. Wayne train at Union depot or Western Indiana Railroad at Dearborn station . Robert Vierling, President; Louis Vierling, Secretary and Treasurer; and Alfred Grossmith, Superintendent. A. H. Andrews & Company. Located at 21 5-221 Wabash ave., in the heart of the business center. One of the largest commercial outfitting establishments in the world. Also the leading school furnishing house of Chicago. Here may be seen every possi- ble design in commercial office fixtures of the better class in desks and in furnishings. The show rooms of the house are elegantly arranged. The designs in desks are in many cases novel as well as beautiful. This firm has furnished the fittings for some of the leading banking rooms of the city. The beautiful interior of the Union National Bank was designed and executed by A. H. Andrews & Co. They will furnish the bank fittings of the Chemical Bank of Chicago on the World's Fair grounds, which is to be located in the Administration building. It is to be the most elegantly furnished bank in America. Aside from desks and outfitting departments of this establishment, here are also to be found Andrew's celebrated folding-beds, the most popular in America. The stranger is advised, by all means, to visit A. H. Andrews Wahash Avenue, Chicago. OLD COINS AND POS TAGE S TAMPS~ All sorts of Old Coins ami Postage Stamps bought ami sold. Illustrated Coin Catalogue, ten cents. Stevens is. Company, 69 Dearb. rn St., (. hk-ago. PATENT ATTORNEYS D. H. FLETCHER, PATENT LAWYER. Solicitor American n Foreign Patents, 4-i_'-404 Temple Court, 225 Dearborn Street, - Chicago. DAYTON, POOL & BROWN, Solicitors of AMERICAN AND FOREIGN PATENTS, 215 Dearborn St., Chicago. PHYSICIANS. DR. J. G. TRINE'S Institute of the MOVEMENT-CURE. For circular or other information, please call or address 435 East Randolph St., Bet. State & Wabash. PLATE GLASS. GEORGE F. KIMBALL, Imp'r of Polished, Plate & Window Glass, Stained, Art, Co ored, Cathedial Glass. Nos. 315 to 3'il Wabash Avenue, Opp. Auditorium, Chicago. PRESSED BRICK COMPANIES, TIFFANY PRESSED BRICK COMPANY, M'f'rs of Plain, Rock-Faced and Ornamental Pressed Brick, In Red, Brown and Light Shades No. 16i La Salle St., Chicago. PUBLISHERS. CHRISTIAN SCIENCE PUBLISHING CO. FANNY M. HARLEY, Manager. Send for catalogue. 87 Washington St., Chicago. RUBBER GOODS. THE COLUMBIA RUBBER WORKS CO Manufacturers Agents, R. 'I'. Whelpley, Manager, 159 and 161 Lake St., Cor. La Salle, Chicago, 111. Mechuu.cal Hose, Belt.ng. Packing, Tubing, Valves, etc. Goods to order a Specialty. TeEGuTTA PKKCHA KI;KISKU M'F'o. CO. 17'i Lake Street. SHIP-CHANDLERS AND SAIL MAKERS. GEO. B. CARPENTER & CO., 202 t 208 So! Water Str. et, Chicago. Tent-, Awnings, and Paulins, Flays and Banners, Yacht Supplies, Marine Hardwar.-. SIGNS OF ALL DESCRIPTIONS. MURRAY & CO., Randolph and Jefferson Sts. SIGN PAINTERS. C. H. HALLO WELL & CO.. General Sign Contractors anil Out Door Advertisers. Office Kooin 83, 185 Dearborn Street. Works Rear of 3008 H Cottage Grove Avenue. Telephone 4466. THE BUYERS' GUIDE LEADING HOUSES. SOAP DIES AND PRESSES. CHRISTY & CO., Engravers. Printing Plates for boxes. 32 to 40 S. Jefferson Strett. SPOOL COTTON AND THREAD M'F'RS. MERRICK THREAD CO., Manufacturers of Merrick's Best Six Cord Soft Finish Sp"Ol Cotton. General Western Agency, 205 Fifth Avenue, E. A. Still, Manager. Chicago. STATIONERS. Account Books, Stationery, Good Printing. THAYI.H & JACKSON STATIONERY Co. Formt-rly Skeen & Stuart Stationary Co. 215 and i:47 State St., near Jackson. STEAM PIPE COVERING, MAGNESIA SECTIONAL COVERING. ALFRED C. KEMPER, Gen. Western Agent. 208 and 210 Lake Street. STENCIL AND STAMP GOODS. C. H. HANSON, Engraving, Stencils and Stamp Goods. Rubber Stamp Supplies, Imported Numbering Machines, &c. 4i Clark St., Chicago, 111. SURGICAL INSTRUMENTS SHARP & SMITH, M'f'rs & Imp't'rs of Surgical instruments. Artificial Limbs. Elastic Stoci-ings. Artificial Eyes. Veterinary Instruments. 73 Randolph St., Chicago. TENTS, AWNINGS, AND COVERsT MURRAY & CO., Randolph and Jefferson Sts. TWINES AND CORDAGE. GEO. R. CARPENTER & CO., Best Grades and Make of All Kinds, Mnu.llii and Sisal Twines of All Kinds. 202-.?T8So. Water St., - - Chicago. UPHOLSTERY GOODS. AUG. HEUER & SONS, W.holesale Dealers in Cabinet Hardware and Upholstery Goods. 173 Randolph Street, Chicago, 111 VENTILATORS. ANDREWS, JOHNSON & CO. Ventilating Contractors and manufacturers of Sheet Metal Work. 46-48 S. Canal St , Chicago, WALL PAPER. S. A. MAXWELL & CO., 134 & 136 Wabash Avenue, Chicago. Artistic Wall Paper. Fresco and Plain Painting. WA TCH MAKERS AND JEWELERS. THE SHURLY CO. 56 Randolph St., CHICAGO. WHOLESALE MILLINERS. EDSON KEITH & COMPANY. Straw Goods, Ribbons, Velvets. Plushes, Silks, White Goods, Embroideries, Laces, Ladies' Furnishings, Yarns, Etc. Wabash Ave. & Monroe St., Chicago. WHOLESALE FURNITURE. KNAPP & STODDARD, WHOLESALE FURNITURE- Mill Agents. The Auditorium is one of the many Hotels we have furnished. 267 & ~'0'J Wabash Avenue. WOOD CARPETS AND PARQUET FLOORS. Wood Carpets. Wood Mosaic, Parquet Bor- ders. Inlaid Floors, Butcher's Boston Polish. E. B. MOORE & CO., 43 Randolph Street. J. DUNFEE & CO., 104 and .06 Franklin Street. Plain and Ornamental Hardwood Floors, Wood Carpets, etc. Estimates Furnished Send fur Catalogue. WOOD TURNINGS, M'F'RS. M. GARRISON, M'f'rs of WOOD TURNINGS, Band Sawing and General Jobbing, 200 & a X S. Clinton Street, Chicago. BEST AND - - - MOST LUXURIOUS. - - - CATALOGUE ON APPLICATION - GORMULLY & JEFFERY MFC. CO, RIDING SCHOOL ON PREMISES. INSTRUCTIONS FREE. FACTORY: North Franklin and Pearson Streets, Chicago, BRANCHES: New York, Boston, Washington. [joodricli Transportation Co., _ OODRICH LINE STEAMERS OFFICE AND DOCKS, Foot Michigan Avenue, Chicago. TWICE DAILY BETWEEN CHICAGO AND MILWAUKEE, REGULAR TRIPS TO CHICAGO, Racine, MILWAUKEE, Sheboygan, Manitowoc, Carlton, Kewaunee, Ahnapee, Sturgeon Bay, Marinette, Menominee, Green Bay, Escanaba, Gladstone, Fayette, Garden Bay, Nahma, Thompson, Manistique, Ephraim, Ellison Bay, Sister Bay, FishCreek, Egg Harbor, Ludington, Manistee, Pentwater, Frankfort, Grand Haven, Muskegon, Etc. The Cheapest and Most Comfortable way to reach all Central and Northern Michigan Pointi is via these Steamers. The new Fp*t Steel Steamship " Virginia" performs the day seryice between Chicago and Milwaukee, and nitrht service returning. The new S. 8. "Indiana" and Steamer "Chicago." making the night run from Chicago to Milwaukee and tho morning run returning. The new Steamships "Atlanta" and "City of Racine," perform- ing the daily service >MORTGftG& B/M&RS. OWNERS OF EGGLESTON AND AUBURN PARK REALTY. CHOICE SUBURBAN PROPERTY A SPECIALTY. -ALSO- STREET CONTRACTORS. MANUFACTURERS AND DEALERS IN CRUSHED STONE, CONCRETE STONE, Etc. Particular attention piven to building MACADAM ROADS, DniVESand BOULEVARDS. Will take the entire-contract for Platting and Putting in ALL Improve- ments in New Subdivisions. Offices: Room 2O7, Tacoma Building. Telephone 44. Room 6OO, Royal Insurance Building. Telephone 1 6O2. A STRICTLY FIRST-CLASS European Hotel. CUISINE UNSURPASSED. LOCATION UNEQUALLED. At the head of the Grand Boulevard system, and still within six blocks of the Custom House, Post Office, Board of Trade, Wholesale and Retail Centers. GAGE HOTEL COMPANY ALBERT S. GAGE, Pres. PROPRIETORS. Wabash Ave., Cor, Jackson, Chicago, PIONEER BUGGY COMPANY, COLUMBUS, OHIO. "GOOD" BETTER" "BEST" BUGGY $55.00 65.OO 75.OO GOOD D I 1 PI C T A LI S85.00 rnnb I ON ,sss GUARANTEED THOROUGHLY IN EVERY PARTICULAR. CATALOGUE FREE. We will ship any style to any address, subject to examination before paying. To be returned to us at our expense if not satisfactory. Our "Best" Buggy is not a cheap Buggy, but is a first-class, thoroughly reliable vehicle at an extremely low wholesale price. Our Warranty goes with every one of them, which is good for one yeir from date of purchase. It is trimmed with either 30 ounce Indigo Dyed Cloth, (All Wool,) or Fancy Leather. If pole is wanted, add $0 50 to the above price. You take no risk in sending us your order, as we have enough confidence in this Buggy to ship it subject to your approval. Don't write tp ask if we will sell three or four at a reduction. There is no reduction of any kii^d to be made from the above price, no matter how large the quantity In ordering, be particular to state whether you wish the End Spring or the Brewster Spring; and whether you wish the Wide or Narrow Track; or Cloth or Leather Trimmings We paint gears green, carmine yellow or black, as preferred. PIONEER BUGGY CO., COLUMBUS, OHIO, U. S. A. CAPACITY 100 FINISHED VEHICLES DAILY. xxvii THE -TO- CHICAGO. ZEIDITZO^T. TO BE ISSUED JANUARY, 1893: REVISED AND CORRECTED UP TO TJiis will be the HANDSOMEST BOOK ever published in Chicago^ and the GREATEST ADVERTISING MEDIUM ON EARTH. In Body of Book, per page $5OO.OO In Front of Book, per page \ 3OO.OO In Back of Book, per pnge 2OO.OO CONTRACTS FOR POSITION ZHOILD BE MADE WITHOUT DELAY. THE STANDARD GUIDE COMPANY, 358 DEARBORN ST.. CHICAGO, U. S, A, ANDREWS' "GEM "FOLDING BED. THE ONLY BED MADE WITH Special Provision for Ventilation, Cleaning and Easy Moving. No Bugs No Dirt. No Breakage. Elegant Designs. Moderate Prices, Occupies Small Space. OPKN FOB DUSTING. NO. 1. ADTANTAGES OYER ANT AND A*1,L OTHERS. 1. Any lady or child can easily open it, as represented in cut i, for cleaning. 2. Or they can take it apart for moving. 3. While its length when opened is GREATER than any other bed, when closed its HEIGHT is 8 inches less. 4. It is the BEST ventilated of all Folding Beds. 5. It ffas in its base a very large box extremely useful night or day. 6. It is fitted with our adjustable cable spring, unequaled for comfort, simplicity and durability. We are Sole Manufacturers and Guar- antee Satisfaction. Made in Birch, Oak, Walnut or Mahog- any. See samples and get our catalogue. We also manufacture fine Bank Fittings. Commercial Furniture. Office Desks. Fine Brass and Wire Work. School Furniture. DESKS. GLOBES. CHARTS. MAPS. BI-ACK BOARDS.-,. - , Etc., Etc. Office Chairs, Desks, Etc. Church Chairs Largest Variety, Plain or Upholstered. $5O,OOO.OO worth like cut furnished CHICAGO AUDITORIUM. Pulpits, Pulpit Chairs, Ac. A. H.Andrews & Co. 215WabashAve., Chicago. WEAK, NERVOUS, OR IN PAIN From some long-standing ailment, or fed that your constitution, (nervous system) is fail- ing, or that some i IHiction has taken, or is taking, permanent bold of you, which you have been, and are still, unable to throw off or control, whether in the first or last stage REMEMBER THAT DR. GREGG'S ELECTRIC HKLT AND APPLIANCES AND SYS- TEM OF HOME TREATMENT WILL CI7KE YOU. No meUical or other mode of Electric Treatment <-an 8t all compare with them. Thousands ot women who suffered for y ars with complaints pei-uliar to sex, have been completely and permanently restored to h alth. No fewer men have also been cured. Electric Treatment (or diseases sugg- sted, properly applied, is perfect and has no good substitute. The Gregg Electric Belt and appliances are the only ones in existence that supply a perfect mode of application. The Gregg E ectrir. Koot Warmer, price $1.00, keeps the feet warm and dry and is the only ge nine Electric Insole. 1'eople who have paid their money ami been cured can tell you what lias been done for them in a way that will convince you. Complete catalogue of testimonials, pric -s, etc., 6c. Circular free. Address -THE GUEGG ELliCTUlC CUKE CO., Suite iOl Inter Ocean Bldg., Chicago, 111. J. A. & S. G. HAIR, REAL ESTATE AND LOAN BROKERS. REAL ESTATE INVESTMENTS, CARE AND MANAGEMENT OF PROPERTY. 99 YEAR LEASES NEGOTIATED. WEST SIDE, SOUTH SIDE AND CENTRAL BUSI- NESS PROPERTY A SPECIALTY. Room 408, Chamber of Commerce, S. E. Cor. La Salle and Washington Sts. LIGHT GRAY IRON CASTINGS, For all Purposes Manufactured by KURTZ BROS. & BUHRER, 832, 834, 836, 838 and 84O Austin Avenue, CHICAGO. JAPANNING, GALVANIZING, LIGHT MACHINE WORK and METAL PATTERNS Mtf I .."' ' ' U ,"' >*' \\ .in ' - J -'.x"^~- ,- ESTABLISHED IN 1869. TO ORDER. To reach Factory, take C. & N. W. 11. R., C. M. & St P. R. R , C. P. & St. L. R. R., Lake Street Elevated R. R., or Lake, Randolph and Indiana Street Cars, to Oakley Avenue. THE :REU6: HOUSE, 900 flortty