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 LIB RjARY 
 
 OF THE 
 
 U N IVERSITY 
 Of ILLINOIS 
 
 
I y/ < 
 
 * ,-sY, 
 
 -.' L* 
 
 ^K oSfiK 
 
UNIVERSITY OF ILLINOIS 
 
 Agricultural Experiment Station. 
 
 URBANA, MARCH, 1901. 
 
 BULLETIN No 64. 
 
 TREATMENT OE OATS EOR SMUT. 
 
 BY ARCHIBALD D. SHAMEL, B. S., INSTRUCTOR IN FARM CROPS, COLLEGE 
 
 OF AGRICULTURE, AND SPECIALIST IN FARM CROPS, AGRICULTURAL 
 
 EXPKKI.M KNT STATION. 
 
 The loss to the farmers of Illinois, due to smut in the oat crop, 
 is usually underestimated for three general reasons; viz.: 1. The 
 smutted stalks arc usually shorter than the healthy ones, and are 
 consequentl} 7 overlooked in an examination of the fields. 2. The 
 smutted heads do not always push out of the rolled up leaves, so 
 that these stalks are counted as merely dwarfed plants, when, if 
 the leaves are unrolled, the heads will be found to be smutted. 3. 
 The smut ripens several days earlier than the healthy stalks, so 
 that by the time the oats are ripe the smut spores have been mostly 
 whipped off by the wind, in many instances leaving a bare stalk or 
 stub-. In such cases the damage is not recognized as due to smut. 
 
 The actual per cent, of smut in any field of oats can be deter- 
 mined as follows: Place an ordinary barrel hoop, or light frame 
 of any kind of convenient size, over any average spot of oats in the 
 field. Count all of the stalks inside the. hoop and note the number. 
 Then count the stalks affected by smut and divide the number of 
 smutted stalks by the total number of stalks. This operation re- 
 peated in three or more places in every field, in order to get an 
 average, will determine the per cent, of smutted stalks for the en- 
 tire field. 
 
 The accompanying table gives the result of careful tests made 
 
 57 
 
BULLETIN NO. 64. 
 
 [March, 
 
1901.] TKKATMKNT OF OATS FOR SMUT. 5g 
 
 last season in almost every prominent oat growing county of the 
 state. The per cent, of smut varies from 1 to 36 with, an average 
 over the entire state of about 14 per cent. With an oat crop of 
 130,000,000 bushels in Illinois in 1900 this means a loss of not less 
 than $4,000,000 in profits to the farmers of Illinois. 
 
 The table gives the name of the farmer making- the count, the 
 postoffice address and county, the variety of oats as far as known, 
 the number of counts made, and the average per cent, of smut. 
 
 AMOUNT OF SMUT IN DIFFERENT VARIETIES GROWN AT THE EX- 
 PERIMENT STATION. 
 
 A careful count of the amount of smut in the varieties of oats 
 tested at the Experiment Station was made last season, and the re- 
 sults of these tests are given in the accompanying table, together 
 with the yield per acre of grain and straw, the weight per bushel, 
 the time of maturity, and the color of the oats. The varieties 
 having the small per cent, of smut, as a rule, give the largest yield 
 per acre, while, as a general thing, the varieties with the large 
 percentages of smut give the lower yields. 
 
 NATURE OF SMUT. 
 
 There are two distinct smuts of oats: First, the so-called 
 loose smut, and second, the close or covered smut. In the loose 
 variety the smut is a dusty olive brown mass which is easily blown 
 away by the summer wind, leaving a bare stalk. The close variety 
 is less dusty and of a blackish brown, covered by the original hull 
 of the oat kernel, so that in many cases the presence of the smut is 
 undetected. 
 
 The smutted kernels are made up of a mass of minute spores 
 or seeds, which ripen usually several days before the oat kernels 
 ripen and just when the oat kernels are in the milky stage. At 
 this time the hulls of the oat kernels are open, and the light smut 
 spores floating about in the wind find a secure lodging place under 
 the hull of the healthy kernels. 
 
 As the kernels mature and dry out, the hulls close tightly 
 about the kernels with the smut spores inside. The spores also 
 become attached to the outside of the kernels during threshing or 
 in the oat bin, and in this way may also, it is believed, give rise to 
 smutted oats. 
 
 When the kernels of oats are sown in the spring with the smut 
 spores under the hull, or attached to the outside, the spores ger- 
 minate and send slender threads into the young oat plant. The 
 smut threads grow on the inside of the oat stalk during the months 
 
6o 
 
 BULLETIN NO. 64. 
 
 March, 
 
 TESTS FOR SMUT IN OATS MADE IN 1900. 
 
 Name of variety. 
 
 Place where tests were made. 
 
 No. of 
 tests. 
 
 Per cent, 
 smut. 
 
 Mixed. 
 
 A. D. Hopps, LaMoille, Bureau Co 
 
 5 
 
 JO OO 
 
 Black 
 
 H. Livergood, Milledgeville, Carroll Co 
 
 6 
 
 1 1 .05 
 
 White 
 
 B. Springer, Virginia, Cass Co 
 
 9 
 
 12 68 
 
 Early white. 
 
 J. W. Jordan, Savoy, Champaign Co 
 
 6 
 
 11 C7 
 
 Mixed. 
 
 C. E. Walcher, Millersville, Christian Co. 
 
 8 
 
 l8 80 
 
 Black 
 
 E. Barnett, Bible Grove, Clay Co 
 
 12 
 
 7.O1 
 
 Mixed 
 
 J. Beckemeyer, Buxton, Clinton Co 
 
 12 
 
 1 1 34 
 
 Silver mine 
 
 Nellie Toland, Humbolt, Coles Co 
 
 12 
 
 13.88 
 
 Mixed 
 
 F. W. Pfingsten, Meacham, Cook Co 
 
 12 
 
 I^.OO 
 
 Mixed, late 
 
 W. Parr. Arcola, Douglas Co . 
 
 12 
 
 II <\4 
 
 Red Texas 
 
 E. Wiseman, Villa Grove, Douglas Co 
 
 12 
 
 2. 50 
 
 Black, late 
 
 E. Turner, Avena, Fayette Co 
 
 T. 
 
 12.?!; 
 
 American banner 
 
 R. Speedie, Gibson City, Ford Co 
 
 9 
 
 9.83 
 
 Fourth of July. . . 
 Common white.. . 
 Iowa banner 
 
 F. A. Warner, Farm 19, Sibley, Ford Co 
 F. A. Warner, Farm 20, Sibley, Ford Co.... 
 F. A. Warner, Farm 21, Sibley, Ford Co.... 
 
 4 
 
 2 
 2 
 
 17.87 
 ii .67 
 
 5-57 
 
 Late, white 
 
 F. A. Warner, Farm 25, Sibley, Ford Co 
 
 2 
 
 12. 10 
 
 Fourth of July. . . 
 Late, white 
 
 F. A. Warner, Farm 28. Sibley, Ford Co 
 F. A. Warner, Farm 30, Siblev, Ford Co 
 
 4 
 3 
 
 36.29 
 11 -59 
 
 Lincoln 
 
 F. A. Warner, Farm 35, Sibley, Ford Co. . . . 
 
 2 
 
 9.49 
 
 Iowa banner 
 Medium white... 
 Late, white 
 
 F. A. W T arner, Farm 38, Sibley, Ford Co. . . . 
 F. A. Warner, Farm 49, Sibley, Ford Co 
 F. A. Warner, Farm 133, Sibley, Ford Co 
 
 4 
 
 2 
 
 3 
 
 7-51 
 7.O2 
 7.00 
 
 Calgrarv erav 
 
 J. H. Beagley, Sibley, Ford Co 
 
 12 
 
 9.97 
 
 Medium white. 
 
 G. Hacker, Canton, Fulton Co 
 
 6 
 
 4.68 
 
 Mixed 
 
 F. Scanlon, Avon, Fulton Co 
 
 9 
 
 9.51 
 
 Mixed. 
 
 F. Roobe, Schultz Mills, Greene Co 
 
 12 
 
 21 .93 
 
 White. 
 
 R. Clark, Elvaston, Hancock Co 
 
 9 
 
 5.83 
 
 Mixed 
 
 W. Sandquist, Colona, Henry Co 
 
 6 
 
 11.05 
 
 Mixed 
 
 C. Hurliman, Cisna Park, Iroquois Co 
 
 9 
 
 4.65 
 
 Black 
 
 H. G. Easterley, Carbondale, Jackson Co 
 
 9 
 
 I. 00 
 
 Early black 
 
 F. Decker, Jerseyville, Jersey Co 
 
 12 
 
 22.24 
 
 Mixed 
 
 F. Heaton, New Burnside, Johnson Co 
 
 9 
 
 31-7^ 
 
 Mixed. 
 
 L. Snow, Vienna, Johnson Co 
 
 12 
 
 n.86 . 
 
 Kansas 
 
 F. L. Viall, Manteno, Kankakee Co 
 
 12 
 
 6.08 
 
 Texas rust proof 
 
 L. Crosby, Wichert, Kankakee Co 
 
 12 
 
 2.93 
 
 Mixed. 
 
 J. O. Finley, Oneida, Knox Co 
 
 15 
 
 5.72 
 
 Mixed. 
 
 S. J. Haight, Jr., Mendota, Lasalle Co 
 
 9 
 
 4.52 
 
 Mixed 
 
 W. O. Perry, Cornell, Livingston Co 
 
 15 
 
 18.25 
 
 Mixed 
 
 F. Gardner, Beason, Logan Co 
 
 6 
 
 13.15 
 
 Mexican gray 
 
 F. J. Basting, Vuton, McLean Co 
 
 12 
 
 8.90 
 
 Mixed 
 
 E. J. Soloman, Carlinville, Macoupin Co 
 
 9 
 
 2.88 
 
 Early black 
 
 G. Hollenbeck, Tonti, Marion Co 
 
 12 
 
 ii .47 
 
 Mixed. 
 
 R. Hill, Whitefield, Marshall Co 
 
 12 
 
 8.22 
 
 Silver mine 
 
 W. W. Stone, Mason City, Mason Co 
 
 6 
 
 7.87 
 
 Early black 
 
 E. Westerman, Metropolis, Massac Co 
 
 6 
 
 6.67 
 
 Mixed 
 
 A. E. Wade, Athens, Menard Co 
 
 12 
 
 5.83 
 
 Lincoln 
 
 G. Lee, Jr., Hamlet, Mercer Co 
 
 12 
 
 24.50 
 
 Black 
 
 J. Schmidt, Hecker, Monroe Co 
 
 12 
 
 15-13 
 
 Mixed 
 
 R. J. Simonson, White Oak, Montgomery Co. 
 
 12 
 
 6.42 
 
 Mixed. 
 
 F. Alford, Franklin, Morgan Co 
 
 6 
 
 12.43 
 
 Texas rust proof 
 
 W. H. Rowe, Jacksonville, Morgan Co 
 
 9 
 
 1.83 
 
 Black. . .. 
 
 H. Moore, Atwood, Piatt Co 
 
 6 
 
 8-34 
 
 Early white .. 
 
 E. G. Ham, Perry, Pike Co 
 
 9 
 
 17.14 
 
 Early black 
 
 R. Endicott, Villa Ridge, Pulaski Co 
 
 9 
 
 1.3-31 
 
 Early white 
 
 W. Eckhardt, Buffalo Prairie, Rock Island Co. 
 
 9 
 
 12.65 
 
 Iowa silver mine 
 Early white 
 Golden medium 
 
 Wm. Montgomery, Reynolds, Rock Island Co. 
 F. W. Ladage, Woodside, Sangamon, Co. . . . 
 James L Reid Delavan Tazewell Co 
 
 3 
 
 12 
 
 3 
 
 4.78 
 11.65 
 i. Co 
 
 Mixed ; 
 
 R. Bines, Ridge Farm, Vermilion Co 
 
 12 
 
 3-47 
 
1901.] 
 
 TREATMENT OP OATS FOR SMUT. 
 
 6i 
 
 o 
 
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 XXX 
 ft ft ! 
 
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 hifthiftcLcLftCLcLft 
 
 ftftftftftftftft 
 
62 
 
 BULLETIN NO. 64. 
 
 [March, 
 
tgOI.j rkEATMENT OK OATS FOR SMUT. 63 
 
 of May and June, so that there is no outside evidence of the pres- 
 ence of the smut plant. When the oat plant begins to head out, 
 the slender smut threads penetrate the oat kernels and develop 
 each kernel into a mass of smut spores. 
 
 TREATMENT TO PREVENT SMUT. 
 
 It has been found that it is possible to treat the seed oats so as 
 to destroy the vitality of the spores of smut and not injure the life 
 of the oat kernel. This treated seed will raise a crop of oats free 
 from smut. If there are no smutted fields near by where the treated 
 oats are grown the oats will not become smutted again for several 
 years. It is believed that treatment once every fourth year will 
 keep the oats practically free from smut. 
 
 HOT WATER TREATMENT. 
 
 The apparatus needed for treating seed oats in hot water con- 
 sists of an ordinary scalding kettle, one barrel, several gunny 
 sacks, and an accurate thermometer. The farmer may use his 
 ingenuity in the selection of apparatus, making- use of whatever 
 conveniences he may have at hand by which he may accomplish 
 the desired result. 
 
 The kettle, holding from 35 to 60 gallons of water, should be 
 filled two-thirds full, and the temperature of the water raised be- 
 tween 132 F. and 137 P. The barrel should be placed near the 
 kettle of hot water, and be filled with cold water. The gunny 
 sacks should be large enough to hold two bushels of seed oats, 
 which can then be dipped into the hot water. The sack of oats 
 should be stirred about in the hot water so that the oats in all 
 parts of the bag will be treated alike. To assist in manipulating 
 the sack, a sweep, arranged as shown in the illustration, can be 
 used to advantage. After treating for five minutes . in the hot 
 water at the required temperature, dip at once into the barrel of 
 cold water in order to cool the oats and prevent steam from collect- 
 ing in the center of the bag. Sow immediately without attempting 
 to dry. 
 
 PRECAUTIONS. 
 
 1. An ordinary Fahrenheit thermometer to be had at any 
 drug store costing from ten to fifty cents can be used after it has 
 been compared with a standard thermometer. It should register 
 as high as 150 F. and should be known to be correct at 135 F. 
 
 2. The temperature of the water should not be allowed to 
 
64 BULLETIN NO. 64. (March, 
 
 fall below 132 F. or the smut will not be completely destroyed, 
 nor should it rise above 140 F. , as the vitality of the seed oats is 
 likely to be injured. 
 
 3. After -dipping in the hot water, the oats should be dipped 
 immediately into the cold water to prevent over heating- in the cen- 
 ter of the sack. 
 
 4. Care should be taken to sow a sufficient amount of the 
 soaked seed per acre. The oats being- wet and swollen there is 
 danger that too little seed will be sown. It has been found that 
 about two pecks per acre extra measure should be used. 
 
 5. Owing- to the fact that there is very little drying- weather 
 at the seeding- time of the year, it is practically impossible to dry 
 the oats and they must be sown immediately. It has been con- 
 sidered necessary to sow by hand, but reports received by the Ex- 
 periment Station from farmers who tried sowing- the wet oats in 
 an endg-ate seeder indicate that this machine may be used success- 
 fully, and in the northern part of the state a number of farmers 
 used the force feed drills for sowing- the wet oats, and report 
 success. 
 
 In case it is not desirable to treat the seed for the entire field, 
 enoug-h can be treated to sow four or five acres. This can be har- 
 vested and threshed separate from the rest of the field, and these 
 oats can be used for seed the following- year. 
 
 It has been found that the simple treating- of the seed oats by 
 the hot water quickens germination, and the young plants make a 
 more vigorous growth,* thus increasing the yield independent of 
 the smut. 
 
 COST. 
 
 Two men in one day can treat enough seed oats to sow forty 
 acres. The cost of treating is, therefore, next to nothing, not ex- 
 ceeding 10 to 12 cents per acre. Nor is it necessary to treat the 
 seed every year in order to keep the oats free from smut, for treat- 
 ment every third or fourth year will practically prevent all loss 
 from this fungus. 
 
 RESULTS OF TREATMENT AT DIFFERENT TEMPERATURES. 
 
 Four varieties of oats, representing the varieties of white and 
 black oats, commonly grown in Illinois, were used in this experi- 
 ment. Each variety was sown in three different plots, but as one 
 
 * Bulletin No. 87, Michigan Agricultural Experiment Station. 
 
1901.] 
 
 TREATMENT OF OATS FOR SMUT. 
 
 plot in each variety was used in getting- samples for the purpose of 
 photographing 1 the results, the yields of only two plots in each case 
 were secured. The seed was heated at 125, 132, 137, 140 F., 
 and in each case the treated seed was compared with a plot of un- 
 treated seed to determine the effect of treatment. 
 
 In the illustrations are shown samples of oats cut from one 
 plot of every treatment of all four varieties. The stalks of smut 
 were separated from the healthy stalks, counted, the per cent, of 
 smut determined, and the smutted stalks tied into a seperate bun- 
 dle. The -bundles of smutted stalks were then placed beside the 
 bundle of healthy stalks, and the per cent, of smut placed under 
 these bundles, after which the photograph was taken, so that the 
 illustrations show clearly the actual effect of the treatment on the 
 per cent, of smut in the different treatments of each variety. 
 
 By reference to the accompanying tables the per cent, of smut 
 and the yield per acre of both grain and straw can be seen. It will 
 be noticed that the effect of treatment was not uniform in all the 
 varieties so far as yield is concerned. The general effect of treat- 
 ment at 132-137 F. was to increase the yield per acre, while at 
 140 the yield of the Sibley white was reduced, probably due to 
 injury to the seed in treating at this temperature. On the other 
 hand, the yield of the Leisman oats at 140 was greatly increased, 
 In all cases there is a variation due to the difference in soil or other 
 conditions, but the general tendency is to an increased yield in the 
 treated fields over the untreated fields. 
 
 The per cent, of smut was greatly reduced by the treatment at 
 125 F. while at 137 F. and 140 F. the smut was practically all 
 destroyed by these treatments. In general it may be safely said 
 that treatment by hot water at 137 F. will destroy the smut in the 
 oats, and benefit rather than injure the germinating power of the 
 oat. 
 
 SEED TREATED FIVE MINUTES. TEMPERATURE 125 F. 
 
 Variety. 
 
 Smut, per ct. 
 
 Grain per acre, 
 bu. 
 
 Straw per acre, 
 Ib. 
 
 Sibley black No. i 
 
 tX 
 
 50. 
 
 4560 
 
 Sibley black No. 2 
 
 2 
 
 56.20 
 
 4">oo 
 
 Sibley white No. i 
 
 o 
 
 33.70 
 
 5720 
 
 Sibley white No. 2 
 
 1^ 
 
 37.80 
 
 5080 
 
 Iowa prolific No. i 
 
 5 
 
 41.80 
 
 474 
 
 Iowa prolific No. 2 
 
 3 
 
 48.70 
 
 4280 
 
 Leisman's No. i 
 
 i 
 
 48.70 
 
 4840 
 
 Leisman's No. 2 
 
 i^ 
 
 47.50 
 
 4880 
 
66 
 
 BULLETIN NO. 64. 
 
 [March, 
 
 SEED TREATED FIVE MINUTES, TEMPERATURE 132 F. 
 
 Variety. 
 
 Smut, per ct. 
 
 Grain per acre.jStraw per acre, 
 
 bu. 
 
 Ib. 
 
 Sibley black No. i l / 2 48.10 4300 
 
 Sibley black No. 2 J^ 46.20 4680 
 
 Siblej white No. I I 37 .80 4460 
 
 Sibley white No. 2 y/ 2 36.80 3800 
 
 Iowa prolific No. i I 50. 5120 
 
 Iowa prolific No. 2 % 50. 4480 
 
 Leisman's No. I i 47-5 4880 
 
 Leisman's No. 2 o 42.50 5680 
 
 SEED TREATED FIVE MINUTES, TEMPERATURE 137 F. 
 
 Variety. Smut, per ct.j Grain b p u <; r **"*' ^^ fiT ^ 
 
 Sibley black No. I o 43. 10 4940 
 
 Sibley black No. 2 o 48.10 4700 
 
 Sibley white No. i i% 42.50 4560 
 
 Sibley white No. 2 ^ 32.50 5040 
 
 Iowa prolific No. i - o 47-5 S 12 
 
 Iowa prolific No 2 l /$ 53 .70 5160 
 
 Leisman's No. I o 42 . 50 4560 
 
 Leisman's No. 2 o 48 . 70 4840 
 
 SEED TREATED FIVE MINUTES, TEMPERATURE 140 F. 
 
 Variety. ~ Smut, per ct. Gr& ^ ** r ^ acre ' 
 
 Sibley black No. i o 48.10 4860 
 
 Sibley black No. 2 i 37. 50 4960 
 
 Sibley white No. i 2 22.50 4560 
 
 Sibley white No. 2 ^ 34. 30 3700 
 
 Iowa prolific No. I l /2 48.10 5100 
 
 Iowa prolific No. 2 o 51 .50 4600 
 
 Leisman's No. i o 56 . 20 4700 
 
 Leisman's No. 2 o 5jj_. 4600 
 
 SEED NOT TREATED. 
 
 Variety. Smut, per ct. Grainper acre, Straw per acre, 
 
 Sibley black No. 1 77777.. 9 36.80 5220 
 
 Sibley black No. 2 36.80 4420 
 
 Sibley white No. i 8 27 . 50 3680 
 
 Sibley white No. 2 7 3 2 -5 44& 
 
 Iowa prolific No. i 8 44 .30 4820 
 
 Iowa prolific No. 2 .' 7 46.20 4440 
 
 Leisman's No. i 2% 43. 70 4640 
 
 Leisman's No. 2 2> 43 . 70 4360 
 
 FORMALIN TREATMENT. 
 
 The formalin treatment for smut has given such satisfactory 
 results that this method of treatment is recommended wherever it 
 can be given. The ordinary commercial formalin, a forty per cent, 
 solution of formic aldehyde, was used. This material can be ob- 
 tained of most druggists, or if they do not have a supply on hand 
 they can easily secure it from a chemical supply house. 
 
1901.] 
 
 TREATMENT OK OATS FOR SMUT. 
 
 The apparatus necessary for treatment is a tub, several gunny 
 sacks, and a supply of formalin. Use one pint of formalin to twen- 
 ty-five gallons of water. Dip the seed oats in the gunny sack into 
 the tub containing the water and formalin. The sack of oats 
 should be so arranged that all of the oats will be submerged. 
 Leave the sack of oats in the water for ten minutes, after which 
 they can be taken out and sown immediately. The water need not 
 be warm although it is less disagreeable to use warm water. If 
 the oats are allowed to drain a few moments as the sack is lifted 
 out of the water, the twenty-five gallons will treat twenty bushels. 
 
 COST. 
 
 The cost is about the same as in the hot water treatment. 
 Several barrels or tubs can be used, so that a large amount sf seed 
 can be treated in a short time. The formalin is inexpensive not 
 costing more than twenty-five cents per pint. 
 
 RESULTS OF FORMALIN TREATMENT. 
 
 As can be seen in the illustrations and by examination of the 
 accompanying table, the formalin treatment destroyed the smut in 
 every variety. Similar results were obtained at Sibley and other 
 points in the state where this treatment wa^ tried. The yield per 
 acre was increased and the fields were entirely free from smut. 
 
 FORMALIN TREATMENT OF SEED. 
 
 Variety. 
 
 Smut, per ct. 
 
 Grain per acre, 
 
 bu. 
 
 Straw per acre, 
 
 Sibley black No. I 
 
 o 
 
 48. 10 
 
 4700 
 
 Sibley black No. 2 
 
 o 
 
 48. 10 
 
 t/^w 
 
 4060 
 
 Sibley white No. i 
 
 o 
 
 31 .20 
 
 412O 
 
 Sibley white No. 2 
 
 o 
 
 40.60 
 
 494O 
 
 Iowa Prolific No. i 
 
 o 
 
 "51. 10 
 
 534O 
 
 Iowa Prolific No. 2 
 
 o 
 
 55- 
 
 SI 2O 
 
 Leisman's No. i 
 
 o 
 
 56.20 
 
 4840 
 
 Leisman's No. 2 
 
 o 
 
 69.30 
 
 4340 
 
68 
 
 BULLETIN NO. 64. 
 
 {March, 
 
THKATMF.NT OF OATS FOR S.MT'T. 
 
BULLETIN NO. 64. 
 
 {March, 
 
1QOI.] 
 
 TkEATMENT OF OATS FOR SMUT. 
 
 71 
 
TiN NO. 64 \Mai\h, igoi. 
 
 ORGANIZATION 
 
 BOARD OF TRUSTEES, UNIVERSITY OF ILLINOIS 
 
 THOMAS J. SMITH, Champaign, President. 
 RICHARD YATES, Springfield, Governor of Illinois. 
 MARTIN CONRAD, Chicago, President State Board of Agriculture. 
 ALFRED BAYLISS, Springfield, Superintendent of Public Instruction. 
 SAMUEL A. BULLARD, Springfield. MRS. A. A. ABBOTT, Chicago. 
 MRS. MARY T.CARRIEL, Jacksonville. F. L. HATCH, Spring Grove. 
 FRANCIS M McKAY, Chicago. A. F. NIGHTENGALE, Chicago. 
 
 THOMAS J. SMITH, Champaign. MRS.C.T.ALEXANDER, Belleville. 
 
 THOMAS J. BURRILL, PH.D., Urbana, Professor of Botany 
 
 and Horticulture, President. 
 J. IRVING PEARCE, Chicago, of State Board of Agriculture. 
 
 H. AUGUSTINE, Normal, of State Horticultural Society. 
 H. B. GURLER, DeKalb, of State Dairymen's Association. - 
 
 MARTIN CONRAD, Chicago, Trustee of the University. 
 FREDERIC L. HATCH, Spring Grove, Trustee of the University. 
 
 STEPHEN A. FORBES, PH.D., Urbana, Professor of Zoology. 
 EUGENE DAVENPORT, M.AGR., Urbana, Professor of AnimalHusbandry. 
 
 THE STATION STAFF. 
 
 EUGENE DAVENPORT, M.AGR., Animal Husbandry, Director. 
 
 THOMAS J. BURRILL, PH.D., Botanist. 
 CYRIL GEORGE HOPKINS, PH.,D., Agronomy and Chemistry. 
 
 STEPHEN A. FORBES, PH.D., Entomology. 
 DONALD McINTOSH, V.S., Veterinary Science. 
 
 JOSEPH C. BLAIR, Horticulture. 
 
 GEORGE P. CLINTON, M.S., Botany. 
 
 WILBER J. FRASER, B.S., Dairy Husbandry. 
 
 L' UIE H. SMITH, M.S., Chemistry. 
 
 ARCHIBALD D. SHAMEL, B.S., Farm Crops. 
 
 CATHERINE M. McINTYRE, Secretary. . 
 
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