THE UNIVERSITY OF ILLINOIS LIBRARY cj, 598.x qT3s >AK ST. HDSF Return this book on or before the Latest Date stamped below. A charge is made on all overdue books. U. of I. Library 1 DECZO'37 m I? i 11148-S Digitized by the Internet Archive in 2017 with funding from University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign https://archive.org/details/analyticalindext00shar_0 LJBRAKT OF THE UNIVERSITY OF ILLINOIS ANALYTICAL INDEX TO THE WORKS OE THE LATE JOHN GOULD, F. R. S. AN ANALYTICAL INDEX TO THE WORKS OF THE LATE JOHN GOULD, F.R.S. BY : jb El BOWDLEE SHARPE, LL.D,, F.L.S., F.Z.S., Etc., depabtMent of zoology, beitish museum; HOLDEE OF THE GOLD MEDAL FOE SCIENCE FEOM H.I.M. THE EMPEEOE OF AUSTEIA ;■ HON. MEMBEE OF THE NEW-ZEALAND INSTITUTE ; FOEEIGN MEMBEE OF THE EOYAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF LISBON ; HON. MEMBEE OF THE EOYAL ZOOLOGICAL SOCIETY (‘ NATUEA AETIS MAGISTEA ’) OF AMSTEEDAM ; FOEEIGN MEMBEE OF THE AMEEICAN OENITHOLOGISTS’ UNION ; MEMBEE OF THE EOYAL SOCIETY OF NATUEALISTS OF MOSCOW; FOEEIGN MEMBEE OF THE ZOOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF FEANCE ; HON. MEMBEE OF THE MANCHESTEE LITEEAEY AND PHILOSOPHICAL SOCIETY ; MEMBEE OF THE BEITISH OENITHOLOGISTS’ UNION, ETC. ETC. THE LIBRARY RF THE StP 2 6 1932 UNIVtnun* wr u.*.muiS. WITH A BIOGRAPHICAL MEMOIR AND PORTRAIT. LONDON: HENRY SOTHERAN & CO., 37 PICCADILLY (opposite St. James’s Church). 1893 . PRINTED BY TAYLOR AND FRANCIS, JtED LION COURT, FLEET STREET. J G72 a. PREFACE. The idea of compiling a complete { Index ’ to the works of Gould was suggested to me by the Earl of Wharncliffe. On a certain occasion lie was discussing some ornithological question with Lord Walsingham at his country seat, and a reference to one of Gould’s plates became ^ necessary. Some difficulty having been experienced in finding the exact volume in which the figure was given, it occurred to both the vlabove-named noblemen that such a difficulty would not arise if there Jexisted a complete ‘ Index ’ to all the folio works issued by Gould. - Lord Wharncliffe having asked me if I would undertake such a hook, Vo cv?I found that Messrs. Sotheran were equally willing to publish an * Index,’ and I therefore set about the task. Without quoting every reference to papers published by Gould in various journals, I deemed it wise to include at least every work which he had issued separately, whether in folio, or 8vo, or 4to form. Thus the present ‘ Index ’ contains quotations from the ‘ Synopsis ’ and the ‘ Handbook ’ to the ‘ Birds of Australia’; while, in order to make the work still more complete, the * Mammals of Australia ’ have also been included in the scheme. I must confess that when I so cheerfully undertook this ‘ Index ’ I had by Gould and to extract the references therefrom. I find, however, now that my task is completed, that it has taken me as many years to ©ffinish as I expected it would have taken months. This is no doubt due «* to a wish on my part to do the work as conscientiously as possible, for an : ‘Index’ is of no use unless it be very carefully compiled and thoroughly checked. With the aid, therefore, of my faithful attendant at the 842 I 23 VI PREFACE. British Museum, Mr. Charles Chubb, I have checked every one of the references quoted in this hook— nearly seventeen thousand in number ! The labour involved in this work will be appreciated by any one who is accustomed to “verify his references.” In my desire to make the book as useful as possible I have gone further and have put in a number of extra synonyms from popular works, such, for instance, as Oates’s £ Birds of British India,’ which in a few years will have fami¬ liarized Indian naturalists and sportsmen with a certain set of names which do not occur in Gould’s works, though the species may be duly figured therein. Thus, for instance, The Eulvous-fronted Suthora ( Suthora fulvifrons) occurs in the ‘ Birds of Asia,’ vol. iii. pi. 71. Oates calls these birds “Crow-Tits,” and the above-named species is the “Eulvous-fronted Crow-Tit ” of his * Fauna of British India,’ Birds, vol. i. p. 66. I have therefore placed “ Crow-Tit ” in the present Index, in case any one, remembering the bird’s English name, might have forgotten the Latin title. Again, in the ‘ Birds of Asia,’ vol. v. pi. 52, Gould figures :— Crypsirhina cucullata. The Hooded Crypsirhina. This is the “ Hooded Backet-tailed Magpie ” of Oates’s book (Eaun. Brit. Ind., Birds, i. p. 35), so I have added the latter names in the e Index.’ It might have been better, perhaps, to have printed such names as are thus added in brackets or in a different type; but this notion did not occur to me until too late, and it must be remembered that this ‘ Index ’ was not primarily written for scientific men, but for people who own a set of Gould’s works, and who want to find a particular plate in the series, as was the case with Lord Wharncliffe and Lord Walsingham in the instance alluded to at the commencement of the “ Preface.” It is therefore incumbent upon me to give a Warning to Ornithologists to verify their references, and to look up the original quotations, after consulting the present work. I trust that they will find all the PEEFACE. references which they seek ; but they will also meet with other synonyms which are not published in Gould’s works, a*nd which have merely been inserted to aid those who are familiar only with recent work and modern nomenclature. I have, moreover, duplicated many references, with the object of giving a complete index to Gould’s plates for any one studying particular groups of birds, and it is again necessary to repeat my caution as to copying the synonyms from this ‘ Index ’ without consulting the hooks themselves. As an example, take “ Savi’s Warbler.” I have (p. 294) given the reference to the plate in the ‘ Birds of Europe ’ as well as to that in the * Birds of Great Britain,’ although the name really occurs only in the latter work. In the ‘Birds of Europe’ it is called the “Willow Locustelle,” a name under which very few people would now think of looking for it. The choice of English names for exotic birds seems to have been more or less a stumbling-block to Gould, as it is to every one, and several amusing mistakes have occurred through the publication of his works in 'parts. Generally he got out of the difficulty by repeating the Latin name. Thus il Aw,ydrus tristrami ” became “ Tristram’s Amydrus;” but in the manufacture of English titles for some of the species of Humming¬ birds we get some curious names, such as “ Aurelia’s Puff-leg ” ! It is quite comprehensible that an author, issuing in parts a work which takes many years to complete, should repeat English names, through forgetting that he had bestowed them in a previous number; hut one or two amusing mistakes of this kind are found even in the ‘ Hand¬ book,’ where, for instance, two “ Beautiful ” Parrakeets occur within a few pages of each other, as well as two “ Pied ” Crow-Shrikes, “ Easciated ” Honey-eaters, “ Shining ” Flycatchers, “ White-throated ” Honey-eaters; two “ Sclater’s ” Honey-eaters in the ‘ Birds of New Guinea,’ two “ Pied ” Cormorants in the ‘ Birds of Australia,’ two “ Elegant ” Tits in the ‘ Birds of Asia,’ two “ Helmeted ” Eriar-birds in PREFACE. viii the Supplement to the ‘Birds of Australia,’two “Allied” and two “Hairy” Hermits in the ‘Monograph of the Humming-Birds,’ and two “ Orange-breasted ” Trogons in the second edition of the Monograph. The list of “Errata et Corrigenda” proves that, with all one’s care, a good many mistakes will occur in a gigantic Index like the present. Many of these errors were uot discovered until the final sheets of the book were being checked, as it was impossible to put the whole of the work up in type at the same time, and in this way most of the mistakes were noted only when too late for correction. In conclusion, I can only hope that this ‘ Index,’ over which I have expended so much time, will be found to supply a real want, and will be of much service to the possessors of Gould’s splendid series of ornithological works. I have only once more to thank my assistant, Mr. Chubb, for the cheerful help which he has rendered me through¬ out the preparation of the work. Some little difficulty arose at first as to whose set of Gould’s works should be used as an authentic and complete copy. Messrs. Sotheran very kindly lent me a complete set of the Indices to the folio works, as far as they had got them, but they were unable to supply me with those of the ‘ Birds of Europe,’ the ‘ Birds of Australia,’ and some of the earlier Monographs. I therefore determined, in the case of these works, to depend upon the copies in the library of the Zoological Society of London. R. BOMLLEP SHARPE. Chiswick, Dec. 15, 1892. BIOGRAPHICAL MEMOIR. To write the history of a man’s life when the subject of one’s pen has passed away, leaving behind him no private journal or memoranda of any kind, is not easy. In the case of John Gould it is perhaps not necessary to seek for such data, for his work speaks for itself and his books tell the story of his life. This is, I am sure, what he would himself have wished them to do. Several excellent notices of his life and labours were published in 1881 at the time of his death, notably in 4 Nature ’ and in the 4 Zoologist;’ but perhaps the best and fullest account was that written by Count Salvadori in the ‘ Atti ’ of the Royal Academy of Science of Turin, of which ^ould had been a Corresponding Member since 1841. This paper, en¬ titled “Della vita e delle opere dell’ ornitologo inglese John Gould,” was published in the 4 Atti ’ of the above-named Academy in 1881, and Count Salvadori therein gives a complete list of all the works and papers written by the deceased naturalist. Another excellent notice was published in 1864 in 4 Photographic 'Portraits o* Men of Eminence,’ when Gould was sixty years of age, and from this memoir and the story which he himself tells of his work in the 44 Prefaces ” to his various publications we gain a history of his early life and accomplishments. I i^ve also received much assistance in compiling this memoir from his three daughters, Mrs. Moon, Miss Louisa Gould, and Miss Sai Gould, and also from my colleague Mr. John Cleave, of the British Museum, who is a nephew of the deceased naturalist. b X BIOGKRAPHICAL MEMOIE. John Gould was born at Lyme, in Dorsetshire, on the 14th of September, 1804, and when quite an infant his parents went to live at Stoke Hill, near Guildford, and it was in this beautiful neighbour¬ hood that the child first imbibed his notions of the beauty of natural life. In the year 1818, when the future great ornithologist was fourteen years old, his father received a good appointment in the Loyal Gardens at Windsor under Mr. J. T. Aiton, and there the boy assisted his father in gardening. He always remembered these youthful days in later life, when he would recount how he had picked many a bunch of dandelions for Queen Charlotte’s dandelion-tea. He had now begun to study birds in earnest, and he made the acquaintance of many British species for the first time in the royal domain; while there is no doubt that the botanical knowledge acquired at this time also stood him in good stead at a later period. After some years spent at Windsor, during which time he had already established a reputation for skilful taxidermy, Gould was sent by Mr. Aiton to Yorkshire, where he was placed under the care of Mr. Legge, gardener at Sir William Ingleby’s seat at Ripley Castle, for the purpose of studying the higher branches of forcing. He does not, however, seem to have stayed long in the north of England ; for in 1827 he was back in London, and had obtained an appointment at the Zoological Society, which then had its rooms in Bruton Street. The exact nature of his appointment appears to be doubtful, as Vigors, in the Introduction to the ‘ Century,’ speaks of Gould as “ Superintendent ” of the ornithological collection of the Zoological Society, whereas he is elsewhere spoken of as £e Curator ” to the Zoological Society. My friend Mr. Gerrard remembers him in these early days as a man of singular energy, with a good knowledge of the art of mounting animals, and indeed some of the best taxidermists in England were working under Gould at that time—such men as Baker, Gilbert, and others. At that time Vigors and Broderip were the moving spirits of the Zoological Society, then in its infancy, and from the former naturalist Gould received great encouragement. Vigors was an Irish BIOGRAPHICAL MEMOIR. xi gentleman and a member of Parliament for Co. Mayo. He was one of the most active of the early founders of the Zoological Society, and not only described several interesting collections of birds, but was the author of a “ Classification ” which exercised considerable influence on the minds of ornithologists for some years afterwards. He is also celebrated as having been the Editor of the ‘Zoological Journal,’ and, as Swainson says (Bibl. Zool. pt. 2, p. 365), he “was one of the first to apply the circular theory to the arrangement of birds.” Not long after his appointment to his post at the Zoological Society John Gould married Miss Coxen, the daughter of a Kentish gentleman named Nicholas Coxen; and to this lady is due much of the ultimate success of her husband’s career, for she was as accomplished an artist as she was one of the best of wives. His marriage took place in 1829, and in 1832 he published his first work, the ‘ Century cf Birds from the Himalaya Mountains.’ Erom whom Gould got the collection has, I believe, never been stated. It would seem to have been formed princi¬ pally in the North-western Himalayas, but at least one Southern species, Myiophonus horsjieldn, is included on the supposition that it might occur also in the Himalayas. The text, however, shows that the collections of Sykes and Hodgson were known to Gould and Vigors. The descriptions of these Himalayan birds form the subject of some of the earliest papers in the * Proceedings ’ of the infant Zoological Society, and Vigors’s articles were read at the meeting on Nov. 23, 1830, and continued at intervals until Dec. 27, 1831. At the time of the first meeting in 1830 Gould is spoken of as an “ Associate ” of the Linnean Society, but from the title of the ‘ Century,’ published in 1832, he appears to have become by that time a “ Pellow ” of the Society. After Vigors had described the Himalayan novelties, the idea struck Gould that an illustrated work might be published, with figures of these interesting birds. Vigors would write the letterpress and Gould himself b 2 Xll BIOGRAPHICAL MEMOIR. would be responsible for the illustrations. With his unfailing instinct he rightly estimated his wife’s artistic powers, and he broached the subject to her. “ But who will do the plates on stone ? ” she asked; for litho¬ graphy was not at that time an everyday matter as it is now.