N48culn rUjLf* New York University Bulletin Vol. XI. June 30, 191 1. No. 18 THE LI MB OF THE 3te ©rganijation anb Cqutpment CAMPUS OF NEW YORK UNIVERSITY AT UNIVERSITY HEIGHTS c v UNIVERSITY building WASHINGTON SQUARE EAST, NEW YORK, N. Y. Published by New York University at the University Building, Washington Square, East, monthly, November— March, and weekly, April— June, and entered at the New York Post Office as second-class matter under Act of July 16, 1894. FIRST SEAL OF THE UNIVERSITY CHANCELLORS OF NEW YORK UNIVERSITY James M. Mathews, D.D 1831-1839 Theodore Frelinghuysen, LL.D 1839-1850 Isaac Ferris, D.D 1852-1870 Howard Crosby, D.D 1870-1881 John Hall, D.D. 1881-1891 Henry Mitchell MacCracken, D.D., LL.D. . . . 1891-1910 Elmer Ellsworth Brown, Ph.D., LL.D 191 1- present seal of the university FIRST UNIVERSITY BUILDING AT WASHINGTON SQUARE HISTORICAL SKETCH EW YORK UNIVERSITY was founded in that period of the nineteenth century that was rendered distinctive by the development of the conception of the importance of the individual. It was the period in which the individual citizen received political freedom by the removal of prop- erty and religious restrictions from the franchise; in which the toil of the masses was lessened by the develop- ment of the great industrial inventions, and in which dis- tances were more than cut in half by the inauguration of a system of internal waterways and by the use of steam as a motive power. The spirit of the time was reflected in the minds of a group of men in New York City who conceived the idea of a University that should serve the people, that would provide needful training for engineers, architects, teachers and business men, as well as for the learned pro- fessions, and that would be universal in its scope. Such was the plan of the founders of New York University, contem- plating a College, Engineering School, School of Law, School of Medicine, a school for the training of teachers, and a department of Graduate Study. It was a protest PRESENT UNIVERSITY BUILDING AT WASHINGTON SQUARE against the then existing educational institutions, a move to- ward a new system of education. They were far ahead of their time in their educational views, so far indeed that it remained for the last quarter of the century to see the full consummation of their plans. The earliest record of the conception of New York Uni- versity exists in the minutes of certain meetings of nine citi- zens of New York. The first meeting was held on Decem- ber 16, 1829, and was followed by others held more or less frequently throughout that month and January, 1830. A call for a representative conference of citizens, for the pur- pose of considering the establishment of a university on a liberal and extensive foundation, was sent out by these citi- zens for January 8, 1830. At this meeting a standing com- mittee of nine members was appointed, for the purpose of securing shareholders and of launching the new enterprise. The work proceeded steadily, and on October 15, 1830, a Council was chosen by the shareholders from their number. This Council included among others the following well- known names : Rev. James M. Mathews, General Morgan UNIVERSITY HEIGHTS FROM 207TH STREET SUBWAY STATION Lewis, Hon. James Tallmadge, Hon. Albert Gallatin, Valen- tine Mott, M.D., Edward Delafield, M.D., Myndert Van Schaick. Meanwhile, the Committee had appointed a sub-committee to invite men of eminence in higher education to attend an educational convention in New York, October 20-23, 1830. This was not only for the purpose of obtaining the benefit of the views of educational experts in the establish- ment of the proposed university, but also for the purpose of promoting the common cause of education throughout the nation. The meetings of this convocation were held in the Common Council Chamber of the City, and representatives of a dozen different American institutions of higher educa- tion were present. Many themes of educational importance were discussed, including the reasons for the supremacy of European universities, the different conditions existing in the United States and in Europe, the proper curriculum for a college, the question of graduate study and of a school for the training of teachers. All agreed with George Bancroft, that New York City offered an excellent field for the study of medicine and of law. Henry E. Dwight of New Haven said: "The friends of literature throughout the Union are looking with intense interest toward this University. . . . As our population becomes more dense, there must be a greater division of mental as well as physical labor, and to meet the wants of the country, our literary institutions must be remodeled or new ones must be established." The University Charter was secured April 21, 183 1. Al- though the original plan had contemplated six separate schools, it was found impossible to launch all these divisions at this time, and the work began with instruction simply in the College, with special courses in Mathematics and Physi- cal Science for those who wished to become trained in engineering. The first sessions were held in the fall of 1832 at Clinton Hall, on the southwest corner of Nassau and Beekman Streets. One hundred and fifty-seven students were enrolled during the first year, and there were eighteen professors on the faculty roll. A new site was acquired at Washington Square in 1833, and the cornerstone of the University Building was laid July 1 6th of that year. Work on the new building was in- terrupted, however, and it was not opened for classes until 1835, and was not dedicated until May 20, 1837. It was in this building, in the fall of 1835, that Prof. Samuel F. B. Morse invented the recording telegraph. It was here, too, that in 1839 Dr. John W. Draper perfected Daguerre's sys- tem of photography and took the first picture of the human countenance ever made ; and it was on the roof of this building that in 1839 Professors Draper and Morse opened the first photograph gallery in the world. Of the graduates of the University during these first years, it is said that more than half entered the ministry and a quarter entered the law, which shows that the University itself had not avoided the criticism which had been made of other institutions by its founders — i.e., that they served almost exclusively the learned professions. In 1835, H° n - Benjamin F. Butler, Attorney-General in Jackson's Cabinet, at the request of the University Council, published a plan for the organization of a law faculty and for a system of instruction in legal science. This plan pro- vided for a three-year course of study and was adopted by the Council in 1838, and Butler was elected as the Principal of the Faculty, with William Kent and David Graham, Jr., as Professors. The scheme of legal study was new to New York, and was opposed by many members of the bar, who thought that the only way in which a knowledge of the law could be gained was by study in an attorney's office. There were no more than fifteen or twenty students in the depart- ment during the first year, and when Butler was appointed United States District Attorney by Van Buren in 1839, the instruction lapsed. Provision had been made in the original plan for a medical college, but no beginning was made until the winter of 1838-9, at which time the Council decided upon a plan for the school and chose the proposed professors. It was not until 1841, however, that the Faculty was definitely elected and work begun. The most noted men of the new Medical Faculty were Dr. Valentine Mott, the foremost surgeon of the day, and Dr. John W. Draper — Professor of Chemistry, who had served as the head of this department in the Col- lege since 1839. The Medical School established headquar- ters at the Stuyvesant Institute at 659 Broadway, on the site of the present Broadway Central Hotel. The School was semi-proprietary in nature, the fees being given to the professors, the University granting the diploma and receiv- ing simply the graduation fee. This School was successful from the start. During the first year, 239 students from 27 States and foreign countries were enrolled, and by 1850 there were more than 400 students on the rolls. The gradu- ates of the School enjoyed many privileges both in this coun- try and abroad, on account of the distinguished character of the members of the Faculty. In 185 1 the Medical Faculty sold the Stuyvesant Institute and bought a lot on Four- teenth Street, the site of the present Tammany Hall, erecting a new building for the use of the School. This building was used until the spring of 1866, at which time it was destroyed by fire. The Medical College took up temporary headquar- ters in the New York Hospital, and in 1869, having decided to remove to the vicinity of Bellevue Hospital, rented a building on East Twenty-sixth Street. Property on Twenty- sixth Street, east of First Avenue, was acquired soon after, and a building was erected in 1876. The faculty of the Medical College made a great contribution to the cause of Medical Science and humanity by securing the passage by the State Legislature in 1853 of the Act legalizing dissec- tion. Prior to this act it had been a felony to dissect a dead body, and consequently little instruction in surgery had been given. The University Council at its meeting on May 27, 1858, again took up the question of the School of Law, instruction in which had lapsed in 1839, and named certain Professors to give courses, allowing them to decide upon the schedule. This School, like the Medical College, was semi-proprietary. The beginnings of the Law Library were furnished by the generosity of John Taylor Johnston. Among the members of this first Faculty were Hon. Thomas W. Clerke — Judge of the Supreme Court, Hon. Levi S. Chatfield — late Attorney- General of the State of New York, and the Hon. Theodore H. Sedgwick — United States District Attorney. During the first year this School had an enrollment of 70 students. It did not increase rapidly in size, however, owing to the popular idea that a sound knowledge of legal principles could be obtained only through study in an attorney's office. _. ■ - : A&er "PlHtaJ ^^ i H *'■■■'■ \ 1 IT •i ". JmL - « . 1HBH9H W'5^~ r ■"" "" Is LANGUAGE HALL AND LIBRARY FROM SOUTHEAST CORNER OF CAMPUS For the first half century of the history of the University these three Schools — the College, the Law School and the School of Medicine — were the only ones to be developed, and of these, two, the Law School and the School of Medi- cine, were semi-proprietary and only nominally under the control of the University Council. The College, never num- bering more than 200 students in any one year, was the uni- versity so far as actual control over students, definition of requirements and election of professors by the University Council was concerned. The College itself was far from reaching the definition of a modern college. The instruc- tion was of the best, the standard of scholarship was of the highest, and the professors in charge of the work were well known to the world in their respective fields. But there was little of that spirit which is the essence of the American college. This was due largely to the fact that there was no college community. There were no dormitories ; the stu- dents lived at home or in private boarding-houses, came to the University Buiding each day for four or five hours' in- struction and then dispersed, seeing no more of each other until the following day, when they came together to go through the same routine. The Eucleian Society, which had 10 LANGUAGE HALL AND LIBRARY FROM SOUTHWEST CORNER OF CAMPUS been founded during the first year of the College's life, the various fraternities and the Lacrosse Team, which was or- ganized in the seventies, did much to overcome this lack of association and to create a loyal college spirit, but their in- fluence was of necessity only temporary. The College needed a home of its own, where it might develop as a self- sustaining unit. Financially, the first fifty years of the history of the in- stitution had been disappointing. The University debt, in- curred by the erection of the building at Washington Square, was not paid until 1853. The founders had looked for bene- factions from wealthy citizens of the community for the founding of an adequate endowment ; their expectations had not been realized. A beginning had been made in 1864-1866 in the foundation of a general endowment, through the gen- erosity of John Taylor Johnston, John C. Green, Loring Andrews and others ; but the income from this amount was not sufficient to allow for any extensions of the existing plant. When tuition fees were abolished in the College in 1872 and tuition was given free of charge to all students, it became necessary to make temporary arrangements for the payment of current expenses, and to ask for yearly contri- butions for the payment of professors' salaries. The situa- 11 -*gs£ xW \*' HAVEMEYER LABORATORY, BUTLER HALL AND LANGUAGE HALL tion was so serious that in 1876 the University was forced to mortgage the Washington Square Building in order to raise funds to meet current expenses, and in 1877 it was proposed to suspend sessions in the College until further en- dowment could be raised. The history of New York University from the time of its semi-centennial centers around the life and labors of its sixth chancellor, Henry Mitchell MacCracken. It is to his genius for organization and skill in administration more than to any other factor that the University owes its present status. He was called to the University in 1884 as Professor of Philosophy, and in 1885 was elected Vice-Chancellor, with which office went the functions of the Chancellor in virtually all intramural matters of administration. Dr. John Hall, who was at the time Chancellor, was also pastor of the Fifth Avenue Presbyterian Church, and as the duties of his pastoral work were very arduous, the actual administrative work of the University was thrown more and more upon the shoulders of the Vice-Chancellor. In June, 1891, upon the resignation of Dr. Hall, Dr. MacCracken was elected Chancellor. Dr. MacCracken entered upon his duties as Vice-Chancel- lor in 1885, with a keen sense of the needs of the University. He saw clearly that in order for it to attain its true develop- 12 "•^•vi ip& "I 1^-/' i| ii'lr ** f> » "* yBi j >■ .\ : * "' -* " ^ ^ MORSE WALK, UNIVERSITY HEIGHTS ment three things must be done. First, a new site must be found for the College, where dormitories could be built and a residence college maintained ; second, there must be a re- organization of the present University Schools, by which the semi-proprietary professional schools already in ex- istence should be brought directly under University control, and other schools organized along the lines of the orig- inal plan of the Founders to meet the needs of the com- munity ; third, an adequate endowment must be raised to ad- mit of these changes and to increase the salaries of the professors. The raising of the endowment for the needs of the University necessarily went hand in hand with the acquisition of a College home and with the reorgan- ization of the University Schools, making them possible. Their history is its history, and we will not deal with it separately. The movement for the acquisition of University Heights, the present home of the College, was begun by Dr. Mac- Cracken in 1890, In a report rendered by him as Vice- Chancellor to the Council, in November of that year, he first called attention to the limitation of the College at its down- town site. At the time he contemplated the acquisition of a small tract of five or six acres in the uptown section of the 13 city. During the winter of 1890-91 he devoted himself assid- uously to this task, and as he worked became more and more convinced of the feasibility of the plan. A meeting was held on February 26, 1891, at the residence of Mrs. R. L. Stewart, 871 Fifth Avenue, for the purpose of creating interest in the movement, and from this time on the movement gained head- way. On July 1, 1891, only three weeks after Dr. Mac- Cracken took office as Chancellor, the University secured an option on the Mali estate, above East 179th Street. Nu- merous citizens contributed generously, and by May of 1892 $200,000 had been promised for this purpose, and twenty acres of the property was purchased. The Ohio Society of New York City appointed a committee to assist the Chan- cellor in securing funds for an athletic field, and their ef- forts brought about the establishment of Ohio Field. Work was immediately begun at the new site in fitting it for the use of the College. The construction of Language Hall and of the Havemeyer Laboratory was carried on dur- ing the winter of 1893-94. A large brick mansion, which was located on the property, was named Butler Hall, in honor of Charles Butler, who had been a member of the University Council for more than fifty years, and was fitted up as a dormitory, the first college dormitory within the lim- its of New York City. Several wooden pavilions were united for the use of the biological laboratories. With the financial assistance of the late David Banks, two large wooden buildings which were on the property were joined together and fitted up for a Gymnasium. Founders' Day was observed at University Heights on April 18, 1894, the class of '94 carrying a stone from the University Building at Washington Square, and laying it as the cornerstone of the Gymnasium. The College work was transferred to Uni- versity Heights in the fall of 1894, and contrary to the ex- pectations of many, the number of students was even greater than in the preceding year at Washington Square. At the same time as the moving of the College to its new site, a change of great importance was made in the system of study. This was the adoption of the elective group system after the Freshman year, which at that time had been adopted by few colleges. In May, 1895, came the gift of the Memorial Library, the best known building at University Heights. Excavations for this building were begun in the summer of 1896, and on December 5, 1899, the Auditorium was opened for the use of students and instructors. The official opening of University Heights was held October 19, 1895. Gould Hall — the present dormitory — was opened in 1896. In March, 1900, the University received a gift for the 14 *du6&*fas6fc*. MEMORIAL STAIRCASE, UNIVERSITY LIBRARY BUILDING READING ROOM, UNIVERSITY LIBRARY establishment of the Hall of Fame for great Americans. This gift made possible the building up of University Heights in such a way as to render it architecturally beauti- ful, and also provided much needed class-rooms in the Mu- seum. In 1906 came the gift of the Schwab estate, round- ing out the University Campus to more than forty acres and adding two fine residence halls, South Hall and West Hall, to the buildings of the University. The Kennedy bequest which came in 1910 made possible the extinguishment of the mortgage on University Heights, and gave the Univer- sity its own Campus free and clear of all indebtedness. When the College was moved to University Heights in 1894 the old building at Washington Square was torn down, and a modern, eleven-story building was erected on its site. The first eight floors of this building were rented to a book publishing company, and the ninth, tenth and eleventh floors were reserved for the use of the Law School and the then new School of Pedagogy. The problem of the reorganization of the existing schools on a true University basis was carried on at the same time as the movement for the acquisition of the new site. The first School to be reorganized was the College. The Col- lege had always given special courses in Mathematics and vScience to those who wished instruction in Engineering. In 1886 these courses were supplemented and their instruc- tors organized as the Faculty of the School of Engineering. Little could be done in engineering work in the cramped quarters at Washington Square. With the removal to Uni- versity Heights in 1894 and the gain in room, the School grew in vigor and life, even though it had no permanent building except Havemeyer Laboratory and a wooden build- ing which was fitted up for engineering purposes. In 1899 came new endowments for the teaching of Applied Science, and the Department of Engineering became the School of Applied Science. In 1886 the Graduate School was opened at Washington Square. This School had been originally named in the plan of the Founders, and graduate degrees had been given for work taken in advanced Chemistry courses given by Prof. John C. Draper. In 1886 a statute was adopted by the Uni- versity, forbidding the bestowal of the degrees of M.A., M.S., Ph.D. and Sc.D., except upon examination. Courses were begun in the fall of 1886 and were given by the pro- fessors of the University College. There was no endowment for this work, and as the classes were at first very small, the professors gave their time to the work with little or no re- muneration. A high grade of students, many of them de- 17 AUDITORIUM, UNIVERSITY LIBRARY BUILDING partmental teachers in the city high schools, were attracted to this School from the very first. In 1889 the Law School was taken directly under the control of the University Council, and a Dean appointed. Austin Abbott was made Dean in 1891, and under his great leadership the School was soon raised to a high standard. The number of professors was increased and a department of Graduate study was founded. The growth of this School was one of the reasons urged for the trans- fer of the College to University Heights. In 1895 the Metropolis Law School was merged with the University Law School as the Evening Division, the professors of the Metropolis becoming professors in the evening division of the University Law School. The enrollment in this School for the first year after the consolidation was 527. A three- year course was given in the evening division and a two- year course in the day division. The School of Pedagogy was founded in 1890. For three years previous to this date many graduates of normal schools, who were not eligible to membership in the Gradu- ate School had applied for permission to take the course in Pedagogy offered in that School. They were allowed to at- 18 BATTERY HILL, UNIVERSITY HEIGHTS tend as auditors or non-matriculants, but were not given credit for their work toward any degree. Many of them were high grade teachers and all of them were good stu- dents. It was resolved to extend this work, and to form a distinct school, giving the degrees of Master of Pedagogy and Doctor of Pedagogy. This was the first School of Pedagogy ever established occupying the same plane as pro- fessional schools of Law, Medicine and Theology. An endowment was raised for the purposes of this School, and the ninth floor of the University Building at Washington Square was turned over for its use. The Women's Advisory Committee was organized in con- nection with the founding of the School of Pedagogy. As soon as it was seen that women would come in large num- bers to attend this new school, the Council decided to secure the co-operation of a body of representative women interested in University education for women. This Com- mittee has done splendid service for the School, aiding in its equipment, the raising of the endowment, the furnishing of the rooms and in the establishment of new professional courses. The Medical College existed as a proprietary school un- til 1897. The ownership of the School lay in several physi- 19 CARNEGIE LABORATORY, UNIVERSITY AND BELLEVUE HOSPITAL MEDICAL COLLEGE cians who ran it as a business venture. The requirement by the Regents of a three-year course in medicine in 1892 made the venture of the proprietors less profitable. There were disputes among the several proprietors, and the in- struction was not kept up to university standards. On March i, 1897, upon the recommendation of its Committee on the Medical College, the University assumed direct charge of the college and took over its property. A disas- trous fire which took place on the property of the Bellevue Hospital Medical College at this time led the trustees of that institution to make a favorable reply to the proposition of the University Council to consolidate. This consolidation was effected on May 19, 1898, and the new institution was called the University and Bellevue Hospital Medical College. On August 7, 1899, the University consolidated with it- self the two oldest colleges of veterinary science in the city, under the name of the New York-American Veterinary Col- lege. The School of Commerce, Accounts and Finance was founded in August, 1900. It was the result of a general movement in Europe and the United States in behalf of higher commercial education. The direct cause of the 20 GYMNASIUM AND ASSOCIATION HALL foundation of this School was the action of the State Society of Certified Public Accountants, in applying to the Univer- sity for the establishment of a School of Accountancy. Ac- countancy had been raised to the standard of a profession by the Certified Public Accountants' Act of 1896, requiring an examination in the theory of accounting in addition to prac- tical work. It was for the purpose of training young men to meet this standard that the Society petitioned the Uni- versity Council for the establishment of the School. To meet this need and also to provide strong training in Eco- nomics and Business Administration for business men the Council established the School of Commerce, Accounts and Finance. In 1903 the Collegiate Division at Washington Square was opened. The Faculty of the School of Pedagogy in June of that year had recommended to the Council that graduation from a recognized college of arts and science be made a condition of matriculation for either the degree of Master of Pedagogy or that of Doctor of Pedagogy. This recommendation, which was adopted by the Council, shut out from the degrees of the School many teachers who de- sired to work for a degree and who were unable to go to 21 SOUTH HALL an existing college because they were dependent upon their own means. The Collegiate Division was opened for the purpose of meeting the needs of this class of students. Its courses were given by the professors of the University Col- lege during the late afternoons of the week and on Satur- days, so as to be available for teachers after their school hours and for others who were unable to devote their entire time to the work. In addition to the reorganization of the two professional schools and the establishment of the five new schools, two other divisions of instruction were opened during Chancellor MacCracken's administration : ( i ) The Woman's Law Class was organized by the University in 1889 to give a course of lectures on the principles of Law for business women who did not have time to take the regular course of the Law School. (2) The Summer School was opened in 1895 at University Heights, and has continued at that location to the present day. The opening of this School was due to two facts : first, the desire of teachers in New York City and the vicinity to obtain courses in Education and in Collegiate Subjects during the summer ; second, the belief that it would not be just to close such an academic plant as that at 22 Ik -JUdBST ** WEST HALL University Heights during the summer when there was a call for the instruction that might be given there. Chancellor MacCracken, in resigning in 1910, might well have looked back with pride upon the results of his twenty- five years' administration. During his time the number of faculties had grown from one to eight, and the number of faculty members from 10 to 256. The number of students under direct University control had grown from 91 to 4,118, and the amount of fees collected had increased from $1,433 to $307,472. The volumes in the Library had increased from 9,000 to 97,000. The income of the University had grown from $26,283 to $434,378; the expenditures from $27,275 to $441,715; the property of the University from $547,500 to $5,211,321. He had transformed a small, dwindling college and a couple of unrelated proprietary schools into a university that teaches thousands of students, and that ranks twelfth in size among American institu- tions. 23 BIRDSEYE VIEW OF LIBRARY TAKEN FROM A KITE AT AN ELEVATION OF 460 FEET (By the courtesy of Gilbert T. Woglom) SHOWING THE HARLEM, THE HUDSON AND THE PALISADES CAMPUS VIEW FROM THE MALL SCHOOLS OF THE UNIVERSITY College of Arts and Pure Science The University College is located at University Heights, where it shares with the School of Applied Science the pos- session of a campus that in point of beauty is not to be sur- passed by that of any other college. University Heights is unique. Although situated within the limits of Greater New York City, still it is practically untouched by the city's life. Acquired at a time when it was a half-day's journey from lower New York, and developed as a strictly college community, it has many of the characteristics of the small country college, although now within an hour's travel of City Hall. It offers to the students the advantages of the college life of the independent college in a small town, com- bined with the advantages that are to be gained from life in the Metropolis and from intimate association with the wider intellectual life of a great University. In its curriculum the College follows the so-called "Group System." Upon entrance the student joins one of three sections of the Freshman class, according to whether his preparatory work has included Greek and Latin, Latin 26 HALL OF FAME and Modern Languages, or Modern Languages and Sci- ences. The schedule for the Freshman year is closely pre- scribed within the group elected. Upon the completion ot his Freshman year the student is allowed his choice of eight different groups, each of which is arranged to put the pri- mary emphasis upon some different line of study. Within the group a greater degree of election is allowed as the stu- dent proceeds in his course until the Senior year, at which time the student may, if he choose, co-ordinate his college work with that of one of the professional schools, complet- ing at the same time his Senior year in College and his first year in a professional school. At the end of the four-year course the degrees of Bachelor of Arts and Bachelor of Sci- ence in Pure Science are conferred. For admission to any one of the three sections of the Freshman class the College requires that the student shall have pursued a thorough course of preparatory study and be proficient in fifteen units of secondary school subjects, a unit representing a year's study in any subject in a secon- dary school, constituting approximately a quarter of a full year's work. Of these fifteen units eleven or twelve are in specified subjects, and the balance may be chosen from a 27 GOULD HALL, COLLEGE DORMITORY limited list of electives. To determine the proficiency of the student the College holds its own examinations ; it also accepts the certificate of the College Entrance Examination Board. There are a considerable number of scholarships cover- ing tuition open to students of the College and of the School of Applied Science. Deserving students who are unable to pay the entire amount of their tuition are granted assistance out of the Loan Funds which have been established at the University, and are allowed to repay the loan, with interest, after graduation. The students reside in Gould Hall, the modern college dormitory, in South, West and East Halls, and in the chap- ter houses of the several Greek Letter fraternities. The members of the fraternities obtain board in their own chap- ter houses ; students who are not fraternity members may secure board at the Commons in East Hall or at private resi- dences near the Campus. Socially the students at University Heights have all the enjoyable occasions of the students of the small college. The "Junior Prom," the Senior Ball and the several class dinners are annual occurrences. Among the student activi- 28 ' V: ^ - Pi 5#|P "if ■ : .. . ENGINEERING BUILDING ties are three musical clubs, a debating society, a literary society, a dramatic club, a philosophy club, an engineering society and a chess club. There are three student publica- tions, an annual — The Violet, a monthly — The Colonnade, and a weekly — The New Yorker. Seven Greek Letter fra- ternities have chapters at University Heights. New York University has developed strong teams in al- most every branch of athletics. The University authorities have always encouraged athletics, holding that the College should develop the physical as well as the mental and moral side of the student's nature. The University gymnastic team in 1907-8 won the Intercollegiate Championship of Amer- ica. The basket-ball team in 1908-9 and 1909-10 laid claim to the American Intercollegiate Championship in that sport. The University track team has always stood well up in the ranks of the smaller colleges. Its baseball and foot-ball teams have been growing stronger each year, and recently have been taken on to the schedules of many of the larger University teams. School of Applied Science Much that has been said of the College applies also to the School of Applied Science. The students of the two schools share the same campus, dormitories, and to a considerable 29 £a&&fc*S#*y UNIVERSITY AND BELLEVUE HOSPITAL MEDICAL COLLEGE extent the same class-rooms. They are members of the same fraternities, clubs and organizations, and are asso- ciated in all forms of student activities. In fact, it is only on the academic side that the men of the two schools are to be distinguished. The School offers three courses of four years, viz., Civil Engineering, Mechanical Engineering and Chemical Engineering, leading to the degrees of B.S. in Civil En- gineering, in Mechanical Engineering and in Chemical Engineering respectively. Engineering degrees are con- ferred by the School at the end of one year of practice, sub- sequent to graduation, together with the completion of a thesis on some engineering problem. The School requires for admission to its Freshman class the completion of fifteen units of secondary school work, the same amount as required for admission by the College. Of these ten and a half must be taken in specified subjects and four and a half may be satisfied from a list of electives. Especial emphasis is laid upon preparation in modern lan- guages, higher mathematics and physics. The School gives its own entrance examinations, and also accepts the certifi- cates of examination of the College Entrance Board. 30 EDWARD N. GIBBS MEMORIAL X-RAY LABORATORY, PLATE EXHIBIT ROOM In addition to the work given at University Heights, a summer camp is maintained at Fly Mountain, Eddyville, Ulster County, N. Y., for practical work in surveying. All students of surveying are required to spend the last week of August and the first three weeks of September preceding their Junior and Senior years in camp and to pursue field work under the direction of members of the Faculty. This year there were sixty-five men in the camp. The day's work in the field lasts from 7 A.M. to 4 P.M. The Junior class makes an extensive topographical survey of an area several miles long by a mile or so wide, with a large creek running through the center. The Senior class runs a line of railroad, which this year approximated a length of twelve miles. This work includes a reconnaissance, a pre- liminary survey and a location. The Summer School The Summer School of the University is also located at University Heights, occupying the dormitories, residence halls, recitation halls and the fraternity chapter houses dur- ing the vacation of the College and the School of Applied Science. The session is six weeks in length, opening on the first Wednesday in July. The courses are for the most 31 part duplicates or equivalents of regular courses given in the University Schools during the winter, and full Univer- sity credit is given — subject to University rules — for such courses, provided the student has already satisfied the requirements for entrance to the School in which he wishes credit. Courses are now given at the Summer School, which are credited in the University College, School of Ap- plied Science, Washington Square Collegiate Division, School of Commerce, Accounts and Finance, School of Pedagogy and Graduate School. The Faculty of the Sum- mer School is composed mainly of members of the Univer- sity Faculty giving instruction in the regular University Schools throughout the year, together with members of fac- ulties of other institutions and directors of special depart- ments who are secured for the session. One hundred and thirty-one courses are to be given in the session of 191 1. The total enrollment for the Summer School of 1910 was 529, of which 238 were from New York City and 291 from twenty-nine States of the Union and seven foreign coun- tries. Three hundred and forty-nine of these students reg- istered as teachers. Of these twelve were members of col- lege faculties ; sixteen were normal school teachers ; sixty- eight were high school teachers ; thirty-nine were super- visors of Music, Drawing, Kindergarten or Manual Train- ing; twenty-six were principals of schools, and one hundred and eighty-eight were teachers in graded schools. The rest of the Summer School student body is made up mainly of students in the regular University Schools, who take courses in the Summer School in order to shorten the time required for their degree. University and Bellevue Hospital Medical College The University and Bellevue Hospital Medical College is located at First Avenue and East Twenty-sixth Street, directly opposite Bellevue Hospital. There are four build- ings, viz. : the College Building, erected by the Bellevue Hospital Medical College in 1897 and transferred to the University at the time of the consolidation ; the Carnegie Laboratory, the generous gift of Mr. Carnegie to the Belle- vue Hospital Medical College in 1885 ; the New Laboratory Building, built by the University in 1903 ; and the Carnegie Laboratory Extension, another generous gift of Mr. Carne- gie, which was dedicated in the autumn of 1910. The buildings are adjacent to each other and occupy 150 feet frontage on First Avenue and 125 feet frontage on East Twenty-sixth Street, and are so connected as to give all the advantages of a single building and to accommodate the in- creasing number of students. The completion of the Carne- 32 CORRIDOR IN HALL OF FAME gie Laboratory Extension has added much needed space for the various laboratories and has permitted of their extension. Of special interest to those interested in modern medicine and surgery is the Edward N. Gibbs Memorial X-Ray Laboratory, which has been greatly enlarged during the last year, and which is now acknowledged to be one of the finest of its kind in this country. This laboratory now occupies the entire basement of the Carnegie Laboratory Extension. It is conducted especially to aid the medical and surgical staff of the College Clinic in the diagnosis and study of ob- scure forms of disease among the poor under treatment. Among the other laboratories that are especially well equipped are those of Chemistry, Bacteriology, Pathology and Pharmacology. The Medical College is unrivalled in its facilities for clini- cal instruction. The College Clinic occupies the ground floor of the main College Building, of the New Laboratory and the Carnegie Laboratory Extension. There are classes for the treatment of general medical and surgical cases, of diseases of the eye, ear, nose and throat, and diseases of women and children. Here also is the Dispensary and the operating room for minor operations. This clinic is one of the largest in New York City for the treatment of the out- door sick poor. During the past year more than 116,000 cases were treated free of charge. The members of the Faculty who are attending physicians and surgeons in the Bellevtie Hospital also hold regular clinics in the large am- phitheatre there, and take small sections of the classes into the wards, where the students are required to examine pa- tients. Students of the Fourth Year Class are also regularly assigned to the care of cases in the wards, under the super- vision of the attending and house staffs. The regular course for the degree of Doctor of Medicine is four years in length, of which the first three years are spent largely in the class-rooms and in laboratory work, and the fourth year in clinics and bedside teaching. The Medical College does not conduct entrance examinations of its own. Its requirements for entrance are the possession of a Regents' Qualifying Certificate for Medical Students, which is granted by the Department of Education of the State of New York to graduates of recognized high schools giving an approved four-year course. In addition to this certificate the authorities have, beginning with the class en- tering in October, 19 10, required evidence of the student's having completed a course in Chemistry to the amount of sixty hours of lectures and sixty hours of laboratory work. Beginning with the class entering in October, 1912, a year's college work, including college courses in Physics, Chemis- try and Biology, will be required for entrance. 35 'Wf^mism B ^m!iS i < a i ^fc UNIVERSITY BUILDING AT WASHINGTON SQUARE. VIEW FROM WASHINGTON ARCH The University Law School The University Law School has its home on the tenth floor of the stately Washington Square Building. The lec- ture rooms, which look out over Washington Square Park, are large and well ventilated, and are far enough above the noise and dust of the city to be well adapted for study. A large and well selected library, founded by the late John Taylor Johnston and enriched by collections given by Mrs. Margaret Shepard, by the late Justice Charles P. Daly, the late David Banks, and the Faculty of the Metropolis Law School, is placed at the disposal of the students during term time, from 9 A.M. to 11 P.M. There are now over 23,000 volumes in the library, including sets of reports for every English-speaking country save Australia, and this is only partially lacking. This gives a working library that is sec- ond to none in New York City. The School is divided into three divisions, carrying on morning, afternoon and evening sessions, and the student may join any one of these that he may choose, or he may se- lect work in all of these divisions in order to meet his own convenience. This arrangement allows a student who is employed during part of the day to carry on his study of the 36 ENTRANCE TO UNIVERSITY BUILDING AT WASHINGTON SQUARE law during his spare time. For the degree of Bachelor of Laws a three years' course of twelve hours' class-room work a week is required. The School offers a selection among some sixty hours of instruction per week. College graduates who have received their baccalaureate degree be- fore entering the School are granted the degree of Juris Doctor instead of the degree of Bachelor of Laws at the end of the third year's study. The degree of Master of Laws is conferred at the end of a year's course of ten hours per week following graduation from the course for the Bachelor of Laws degree. For admission to the Law School the University requires (a) graduation from a high school recognized by the Re- gents of the State of New York, as giving an approved four year course; or (b) the Regents' Qualifying Certifi- cate for Law Students, which is granted by them upon ex- amination. The Law School does not conduct entrance examinations of its own. The Faculty of the School consists mainly of practicing attorneys and the instruction is intensely practical. The method of instruction followed is a modified form of the inductive "Case System." The student is taught the law 37 LAW LIBRARY, UNIVERSITY LAW SCHOOL, UNIVERSITY BUILDING, WASHINGTON SQUARE through a set of selected cases, not by means of a study of cut and dried principles. A certain set of cases is assigned for the lesson, and any student may be called upon for a statement of any one of the cases assigned. After the case has been stated, the principles of law involved are discussed, and the instructor points out the essentials of the case and reconciles it with all former cases. In this way the study becomes alive and filled with interest, and the student rapidly gains a large body of substantive law, gathered from the opinions of the greatest judges of history, as contained in the most celebrated cases decided by them. Another ad- vantage of this system is, that the student unconsciously gains a good knowledge of the rules and forms of pleading, through the cases which he studies. The University Law School has always been noted for its training in pleading and practice, and the success of its graduates is largely due to this fact. In addition to training students for the New York bar, the University Law School gives courses that will fit a student for practice in any State in the country. Special training has been given New Jersey students for the past two years by a course in Jersey Practice, under the instruction of Hon. Frank A. Sommer. Beginning with 38 LIBRARY, SCHOOL OF PEDAGOGY, UNIVERSITY BUILDING, WASHINGTON SQUARE October, 191 1, a similar course will be offered to Connecti- cut men, which will be given by Hon. Carl Foster of Bridge- port, Connecticut. The University School of Pedagogy New York University was the first educational institution to recognize the autonomy of teaching as a profession, by creating a School for the training of teachers on the same plane as the Professional Schools of Law, Medicine and Theology. The School of Pedagogy, which is located at Washington Square, is not in any sense a normal school. Its special aim is the training of teachers for higher positions in the field of elementary and secondary education, and for positions as teachers of pedagogy in normal schools and col- leges. Apart from the students who have enjoyed the ad- vantages of the School, but who have not taken degrees, there are to-day in the schools of the metropolitan district one hundred and sixty-eight of its graduates, of which num- ber four are district superintendents, sixty are principals and five are normal school instructors. Besides these, many of its graduates are holding superintendences and professor- ships in other parts of the country. 39 The curriculum provides for the broadest study of edu- cational problems in the light of the history of education, of philosophy, of psychology and biology, and it embraces courses in the history of education, the history of philoso- phy, psychology, anthropology and biology in their relation to education, and also a scientific study of methods of teach- ing, and of systems and methods of school administration. Several research courses have lately been added to the cur- riculum, and the experimental method is being applied to Pedagogy with great success. A scientific study is also be- ing made of defective children. For admission to the courses leading to the degrees of Doctor of Pedagogy and Master of Pedagogy the School requires the student to be a graduate of a recognized col- lege of arts or science. The minimum requirement for the degree of Master of Pedagogy is the completion of fourteen hours of class-room work per week for the University year in addition to proof of two years successful experience in teaching. In addition to the work required for the Master's degree, eleven hours' of class-room work per week for the year are required for the degree of Doctor of Pedagogy. The Graduate School The Graduate School of the University, like the School of Pedagogy, is located in the University Building at Washing- ton Square. The School is especially designed for advanced study of those who are departmental teachers in the high schools of the city and vicinity, and the hours of its courses are fixed late in the afternoon of school days and throughout the day on Saturday for their special convenience. More than one hundred and twenty-five courses in twenty differ- ferent departments are offered each year. The instructors are members of the Faculty of the University College and School of Pedagogy. There is a close connection between the School of Pedagogy and the Graduate School, advanced courses in Education being credited toward the degree of either or both Schools. The degrees of Master of Arts and Master of Science are conferred upon the satisfactory completion of four full courses, each of two hours a week for a school year, and the submission of a satisfactory thesis. The degrees of Doctor of Philosophy and Doctor of Science are given upon the satisfactory completion of eight full courses in the required departments, the submission of a satisfactory Doctoral thesis, and the passing of an oral examination in the field of the major department. 40 £cei?e$ at Commencement -4... . N. Y. U. 8 — STEVENS 3 V %f 4 1 JM r-irA-fefr * * fcJL< £^^VC^ *L\ WILLIAMS 3 — N. Y. U. 3 OVER THE HIGH ONES ATHLETICS Washington Square Collegiate Division The Washington Square Collegiate Division, the youngest of the University Schools, was established only eight years ago. The reason for its foundation was the need that was found among teachers in the public schools for a school where they could get a consecutive course of study, leading toward a baccalaureate degree, without being compelled to give up their teaching positions in order to take the work. The course has been gradually extended to accommodate graduates of normal schools and of professional schools of law, medicine, theology and commerce. Beginning with the fall of 191 1, the course will be extended to provide the full four years of college work, the Freshman year, having been added, to provide a course meeting the new requirements for entrance of the Medical College, which go into effect in October, 1912. The courses are all given by members of the Faculty of the College, School of Pedagogy and Medical College, and are all of strictly collegiate grade. During the past year 108 two-hour courses were given. Where the preliminary work presented for entrance consists of work in education the degree granted is "Bachelor of Science in Pedagogy" ; where it consists of graduation from a professional school of Law, Medicine, Theology or Commerce, it is Bachelor of Science "in Law," or "in Medicine," or "in Theology," or "in Commerce," as the case may be. The School of Commerce, Accounts and Finance The School of Commerce, Accounts and Finance, which celebrated its decennial this year, is the first School of the University to cross the thousand mark in the number of its students. There have been during the present year 1,189 students enrolled in this School, thus making it the largest as well as the best known school of its kind in the world. The School is designed for business men, and the hours of its meeting are fixed accordingly. There are two ses- sions, afternoon and evening. The afternoon sessions meet from 4.45 to 6.45, Monday-Friday, and the evening courses from 7.45 to 9.45 of the same days. The regular course is three years in length, of ten hours' recitations and lectures per week, at the end of which the degree of Bachelor of Commercial Science is conferred. Students who are not en- gaged in business are granted the degree upon the comple- tion of a two-year course of both afternoon and evening sessions, amounting to twenty hours' work per week for each year. The degree of Master of Commercial Science is conferred upon those who complete certain advanced work, subsequent to receiving the B.C.S. degree. 43 EDWARD N. GIBBS MEMORIAL X-RAY LABORATORY, RADIOGRAPHIC ROOM, UNIVERSITY AND BELLEVUE HOSPITAL MEDICAL COLLEGE For admission to the regular course leading to the B.C.S. degree the Faculty requires high school graduation or the possession of the Regents' sixty count professional certificate which is given upon examination. Students who cannot satisfy these requirements, but who have had suc- cessful business experience, are allowed to take the courses, but do not become candidates for the degree. More than eighty courses were offered during 1910-11 and the number for the coming year has been increased. The backbone of the School lies in its instruction in Ac- counting and the greatest number of courses are in that de- partment. Especially important, however, is the instruction in Economics, Corporation Finance, Business Organization and Commercial Law. Then there are special courses in In- surance, Real Estate, Speculation and Investment, Banking, Panics and Depressions, Business English, and Journalism. The Faculty consists of men who are in active business during the day, and also others who give all of their time to their work as teachers. More than 95 per cent, of the student body of this School are employed during the day, and are carrying on their studies after the hours of employment. These students — 44 LIBRARY, SCHOOL OF COMMERCE, ACCOUNTS AND FINANCE, UNIVERSITY BUILDING, WASHINGTON SQUARE according to a report of the University Registrar in April, 191 1 — earn an average salary of $85.58 per month, or a sum total salary of $1,181,000 per year. The large majority of them are employed in accounting or bookkeeping positions. There are also a great many bank clerks, secretaries and teachers. The University, through its Efficiency Bureau, is able to secure better positions for many of these men, placing over four hundred men during the past year. The student body of this School includes the largest per cent, of foreign students of any of the University Schools. Of the graduating class of 191 1, twenty-one per cent, were from foreign countries. Most of these men, after studying Ameri- can business systems, return to their own lands to apply the principles they have learned to the conditions there. The Woman's Law Class The Woman's Law Class meets three times a week for sixteen weeks of the year in the Washington Square Build- ing. This course is meant for those women who desire some knowledge of legal principles, but who are not able or do not wish to take the regular course in the University 45 trpg? 1 *WSf . STUDENTS AND FACULTY BURNING THE CANCELLED BOND IN CELEBRATION OF THE CLEARING. OF UNIVERSITY HEIGHTS OF INDEBTEDNESS (SEPTEMBER 28, I9TO.) Law School. There are two sessions, morning and evening, and the student may take either course she may choose. The course consists of lectures on the principles of the law of contracts, property, deeds, wills, torts and constitutional law. At the end of the course an examination is held, and those who pass it receive the "Chancellor's Certificate." The New York-American Veterinary College This School of the University is located at 141 West 54th Street. The course is three years in length, and for admis- sion the Regents' certificate of sixty counts is required. This requirement is so high, as compared with that enforced in neighboring States that the enrollment is very small. The Extramural Division The Extramural Division was organized in IQ09 for car- rying University instruction to centers outside its walls. Courses of lectures are given by University lecturers at various outside points, viz., Newark, Paterson, Brooklyn and Staten Island, and when taken by students qualified for en- trance to one of the University Schools will be credited in such School. During the past year, instruction has been given through the Extramural Division to more than seven hundred students. 46 SS,*-^***"" - mi r r ^sap^ _* Br ^ 4^|^S^|^# ; >v- ,;^ >» vlfcjr- y^ * • .v**- -* Summary of University Statistics 1010-1911 DIVISIONS ui c 3 5 « c §2 U as £ t! d w o£ <-> a. J c < O c/) g>2 1. Arts and Science. 1 . College of Arts and^i Pure Science 199 '5 2. School of Applied Science .... 3. Graduate School. . 35 44 18 6 «4 117 21 I 3" 45 48 4. Summer School . . 529 5. School of Pedagogy 34S 15 6. Washington Square Collegiate Div. 357 36 7. School of Commerce. 6 '9 1 1 6 4 46 1,198 69 II. Law. 8. University Law School 9 1 4 1 1=5 688 •93 9. Woman's Law Class. 3 4 53 III. Medicine. 10. University Medical College 35 '9 34 19 67 •74 511 64 1 1 . Veterinary College 1 1 2 1 14 «5 5 IV. General 12. Library .... Grand Total . 7 7 97 85 7' *3« 93 377 4,445 490 Deduct for names counted twice Net Total .... I 3 4 8 270 96 82 67 3i 93 369 4,175 490 In the above total ''auditors" are not reckoned, nor students ot the Extramural Division. More than one thousand of these students are in attendance in the various schools of the University. Special circulars of the various schools will be sent free upon application to the Registrar, New York University, Washington Square, N. Y. In writing please state which circular is desired. The General Catalogue will be sent upon receipt of twenty-five cents. 1 1 u V&0