LINCOLN ROOM 
 
 UNIVERSITY OF ILLINOIS 
 LIBRARY 
 
 MEMORIAL 
 
 the Class of 1901 
 
 founded by 
 
 HARLAN HOYT HORNER 
 
 and 
 
 HENRIETTA CALHOUN HORNER 
 
Digitized by the Internet Archive 
 
 in 2012 with funding from 
 
 University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign 
 
 http://archive.org/details/lincolnsemancipaOOeber 
 
LINCOLN'S 
 
 Emancipation Proclamation 
 
 CHARLES EBERSTADT 
 
COPYRIGHT 1950 BY 
 
 DUSCHNES CRAWFORD, INC. 
 
 NEW YORK 
 
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 KlAJ 
 
 „ Ac 
 
 LINCOLN'S EMANCIPATION 
 PROCLAMATION 
 
 
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[Page references are to pagination of original printing in The New Colophon ] 
 
LINCOLN'S EMANCIPATION 
 PROCLAMATION 
 
 Charles Eberstadt 
 
 "W, 
 
 e hold these Truths to be self-evident, 
 that all Men are created equal, that 
 they are endowed by their Creator with cer- 
 tain unalienable Rights, that among these 
 are Life, Liberty, and the Pursuit of Happi- 
 ness. ..." So solemnly declared the found- 
 ing fathers in Congress, July 4, 1776. Four 
 days later, on July 8th at Independence 
 Hall, was read the lofty Declaration, and its 
 noble sentiments were publicly proclaimed 
 by the ringing of a bell. Graven on the bell 
 — purely by coincidence — were the sono- 
 rous words of Leviticus xxv:io: "Proclaim 
 Liberty throughout all the land unto all the 
 inhabitants thereof." But the bell must have 
 echoed discordantly in some ears, even as 
 sounding brass or a tinkling cymbal. Liberty 
 was not being proclaimed to all the inhabi- 
 tants; nor was the infant Nation, then labor- 
 ing through the bloody process of birth, to 
 hold as a Truth that "all Men are created 
 equal." The founding fathers did not say, 
 but they meant: all white men. Fourscore 
 
 and seven years passed and the Nation existed 
 half slave and half free. Then came a new 
 birth of freedom: Lincoln's Emancipation 
 Proclamation. 
 
 The proclamation has been called by re- 
 sponsible persons one of the three great docu- 
 ments of world history, ranking with Magna 
 Carta and the Declaration of Independence. 
 An even more enthusiastic proponent has 
 extolled it as "the greatest document ever 
 penned by the hand of mortal man." Since it 
 deals with a controversial subject, it has also 
 had its critics. Our purpose here is not to eval- 
 uate, for certainly it is above our poor power 
 to add or detract. From the time of its pro- 
 mulgation there have passed another four- 
 score and seven years. By good fortune new 
 discoveries have come to light. It is our 
 purpose here to discuss these discoveries in 
 chronological sequence and to place them 
 in proper setting as we follow the historical 
 course of the writing and publication of Lin- 
 coln's Emancipation Proclamation. 
 
EMANCIPATION PROCLAMATION 
 
 The last week in June of 1862 witnessed the 
 Seven Days' Battles which ended all hope of 
 an early war's-end by the quick conquest of 
 Richmond. As McClellan executed his stra- 
 tegic retreat from Mechanicsville to Harri- 
 son's Bar, Lincoln's boundless depression 
 found words when he described himself as 
 being as inconsolable as it was possible for 
 a human to be and yet live. 
 
 The tortured President went often to the 
 War Department building at the southeast 
 corner of Pennsylvania Avenue and Seven- 
 teenth Street, to sit in the cipher room of 
 the military telegraph office and, head in 
 hands, await despatches. In charge of the 
 office was Major Thomas Thompson Eckert, 
 chief of the War Department Telegraph 
 Staff. Lincoln told Stanton of his visits to 
 Eckert's office: "I have been there often be- 
 fore breakfast, and in the evening as well, 
 and frequently late at night, and several 
 times before daylight, to get the latest news 
 from the army." On one of these occasions 
 during the first week of July 1 he asked Eckert 
 for some paper, "as he wanted to write some- 
 thing special." The major gave him at least 
 a quire of special foolscap writing paper. 
 
 On this certain day in July, the President 
 seated himself at Eckert's desk between the 
 two front windows, took the special foolscap 
 writing paper, picked up a Gillott small- 
 barrel pen, and commenced writing what has 
 been regarded as the first draft of the Eman- 
 cipation Proclamation. Eckert gives the de- 
 tails: 
 
 He then sat down and began to write. . . . He 
 would look out of the window a while and then 
 put his pen to paper, but he did not write much 
 at once. He would study between times and 
 
 1 Major Eckert conflictingly gives the date as in June 
 but "after McClellan's Seven Days' Fight." Bates, D. H. 
 Lincoln in the Telegraph Office (New York, 1907), pp. 
 139-140. 
 
 when he had made up his mind he would put 
 down a line or two, and then sit quiet for a few 
 minutes. . . . On the first day Lincoln did not 
 cover one sheet of his special writing paper (nor 
 indeed on any subsequent day). . . . 2 
 
 When he was ready to leave, the President 
 gave Eckert what he had written and asked 
 that it be kept under lock and key. Every 
 day or so he returned, asked for his manu- 
 script, reread what he had written, revised 
 it, and added another page. According to 
 Eckert this process continued for several 
 weeks, or until about the middle of July. By 
 this time the telegrapher became 
 
 impressed with the idea that he [Lincoln] was 
 engaged upon something of great importance, 
 but did not know what it was until he had fin- 
 ished the document and then for the first time 
 he told me that he had been writing an order 
 giving freedom to the slaves in the South, for 
 the purpose of hastening the end of the war. He 
 said he had been able to work at my desk more 
 quietly and command his thoughts better than 
 at the White House, where he was frequently 
 interrupted. 8 
 
 There seems to be no good reason to doubt 
 Eckert's story and we can assume that a draft 
 of the proclamation was written in the man- 
 ner he describes. However, since the first 
 draft consists of only two paragraphs, written 
 on one sheet and a half of paper, plainly the 
 President occupied most of his time and 
 twenty-four sheets of "special writing paper" 
 on other documents. Almost certainly these 
 were the following manuscripts (originals 
 inDLC): 
 
 1. "Appeal to Favor Compensated Emancipa- 
 tion, Read by the President to Border State Rep- 
 resentatives, July 12, 1862." 
 
 2. "Message to Congress, July 14, 1862, Enclos- 
 ing Draft of a Bill to Compensate any State 
 
 ■ Ibid. 
 
 3 Ibid, p. 140. 
 
EMANCIPATION PROCLAMATION 
 
 which may abolish slavery within its limits, the 
 passage of which, substantially as presented, I 
 respectfully and earnestly recommend." 
 3. "Message to Congress, July 17, 1862, approv- 
 ing the Act to Suppress Insurrection . . ." in- 
 cluding the long list of the President's original 
 objections to the bill known as the "Confisca- 
 tion Act." 
 
 Lincoln's mind at this time was consumed 
 with the idea of emancipation. He had long 
 hoped to achieve it by Congressional act 
 which would allow slaveholders fair compen- 
 sation for the valuable "property" they 
 would lose; the only alternative was non- 
 compensated emancipation by Presidential 
 proclamation. He first disclosed that he was 
 seriously considering the latter action to Se- 
 ward and Welles on Sunday, July 13, 1862. 
 The Cabinet officers accompanied the Presi- 
 dent in his carriage to attend the funeral of 
 Stanton's infant child. Welles entered in his 
 diary: 
 
 It was on this occasion and on this ride that he 
 first mentioned . . . the subject of emancipating 
 the slaves by proclamation. . . . He dwelt earn- 
 estly on the gravity, importance, and delicacy 
 of the movement, said he had given it much 
 thought and had about come to the conclusion 
 that it was a military necessity absolutely essen- 
 tial for the salvation of the Union, that we must 
 free the slaves or be ourselves subdued. 1 
 
 On July 15, 1862 Lincoln received a letter 
 from an influential colored leader (J. Sella 
 Martin) offering the military services of his 
 people in the conflict: "They are ready to 
 work or preach or fight to put down this re- 
 bellion." Almost simultaneously he received 
 a lengthy reply to his appeal to the Border 
 State Representatives categorically refusing 
 to vote in favor of an act to provide gradual 
 emancipation. Lincoln told the artist, F. B. 
 Carpenter: 
 
 1 Diary of Gideon Welles (Boston, 1911), I, 70. 
 
 I now determined upon the adoption of the 
 emancipation policy; and, without consultation 
 with, or the knowledge of the Cabinet, I pre- 
 pared the original draft of the proclamation, 
 and, after much anxious thought, called a Cabi- 
 net meeting on the subject. 2 
 
 This meeting took place on Tuesday, July 
 22, 1862, a regular Cabinet day. All members 
 were present, although Blair came in late. 
 Carpenter continues Lincoln's words: 
 
 I said to the Cabinet that I had resolved upon 
 this step, and had not called them together to 
 ask their advice, but to lay the subject-matter of 
 a proclamation before them; suggestions as to 
 which would be in order, after they had heard 
 it read. . . . Various suggestions were offered. . . . 
 Nothing, however, was offered that I had not 
 already fully anticipated and settled in my own 
 mind, until Secretary Seward spoke. He said in 
 substance: "Mr. President, I approve of the 
 proclamation, but I question the expediency of 
 its issue at this juncture. ... It may be viewed 
 as the last measure of an exhausted government, 
 a cry for help; the government stretching forth 
 its hands to Ethiopia, instead of Ethiopia stretch- 
 ing forth her hands to the government." . . . 
 Mr. Lincoln continued: The wisdom of the 
 view of the Secretary of State struck me with 
 very great force. It was an aspect of the case 
 that, in all my thought on the subject, I had 
 entirely overlooked. The result was that I put 
 the draft of the proclamation aside . . . waiting 
 for a victory 3 
 
 PRELIMINARY PROCLAMATION - 
 MANUSCRIPTS 
 
 The first working copy of this draft on 
 Eckert's special writing paper is not known 
 to have survived. But a fair copy, entirely in 
 Lincoln's hand and endorsed by him "Eman- 
 cipation Proclamation as first-sketched and 
 
 2 Carpenter, F. B. Six Months in the White House with 
 Abraham Lincoln (New York, 1867), pp. 20-21. 
 
 3 Ibid, p. 22. 
 
EMANCIPATION PROCLAMATION 
 
 shown to the Cabinet in July 1862," is in 
 the Library of Congress. Written on July 
 20th or 2 1st, it is on two pages of lined note 
 paper, 12^ by 7% inches. The text is in two 
 paragraphs, the first of which was an imple- 
 mentation of the Confiscation Act as required 
 by the terms of that act, and the second of 
 which contained the actual principle of 
 emancipation by proclamation. It was this 
 latter that Lincoln put aside until a military 
 victory might be achieved. The first para- 
 graph was published exactly in the words of 
 the manuscript as Lincoln's Proclamation of 
 July 25, 1862. The official engrossed copy is 
 in the National Archives. A manuscript of 
 the July 25th proclamation, partly in Lin- 
 coln's hand, was given by James C. Welling, 
 editor of the National Intelligencer, for sale 
 at the Great Central Sanitary Fair in Phila- 
 delphia; it, together with Welling's letter of 
 transmittal, is in the Library Company of 
 Philadelphia. Nicolay and Hay stated that 
 the Library of Congress draft was in their 
 possession in 1890 when they facsimiled it, 1 
 but it found its way into the Robert Todd 
 Lincoln Collection. 
 
 The victory Lincoln awaited did not come 
 as soon as he hoped. Heckled by pressure 
 from every side, the President nevertheless 
 kept secret his intention. He answered Gree- 
 ley's "Prayer of Twenty Millions" with the 
 noncommital statement: "My paramount 
 object in this struggle is to save the Union, 
 and is not either to save or destroy slavery." 2 
 To a delegation of Chicago clergymen press- 
 ing him on emancipation on September 13, 
 1862, he said: 
 
 I hope it will not be irreverent for me to say that 
 if it is probable that God would reveal his will 
 
 to others, on a point so connected with my duty, 
 it might be supposed he would reveal it directly 
 to me. ... I have not decided against a proc- 
 lamation of liberty to the slaves, but hold the 
 matter under advisement. And I can assure you 
 that the subject is on my mind, by day and night, 
 more than any other. Whatever shall appear to 
 be God's will, I will do. 3 
 
 It may be regarded as a coincidence that 
 McClellan's disasters in Virginia drove Lin- 
 coln to adopt the emancipation policy and 
 his victory at Antietam permitted its promul- 
 gation. When it was issued, on September 
 22, 1862, the proclamation was so worded 
 that it constituted a warning to the slave 
 states that if they did not cease warring on 
 the United States in one hundred days their 
 slaves would then (January 1, 1863) be pro- 
 claimed forever free. Thus the emancipation 
 proclamation is actually two proclamations. 
 The first of these is known as the preliminary 
 proclamation and that of January 1, 1863 as 
 the final proclamation. 
 
 Although he had put aside the July ver- 
 sion, the President had it always near at hand 
 and "from time to time touched it up here 
 and there, adding or changing a line." W T hen 
 Lee crossed the Potomac, Lincoln resolved 
 
 that if McClellan drove him back I would send 
 the proclamation after him. The battle of Antie- 
 tam was fought Wednesday [September 17, 
 1862], and until Saturday I could not find out 
 whether we had gained a victory or lost a battle. 
 It was then too late to issue the proclamation 
 that day; and the fact is I fixed it up a little 
 Sunday, and on Monday [September 22, 1862] 
 I let them have it.* 
 
 The final draft of the preliminary proc- 
 lamation that Lincoln worked over on Sun- 
 
 1 Nicolay and Hay. Abraham Lincoln, a History (New 
 York, 1890), IV, 402-405. 
 
 2 National Intelligencer, August 23, 1862. 
 
 3 Chicago Tribune, September 23, 1862. 
 
 * Boutwell, G. S. The Laivyer, the Statesman, and the 
 
 Soldier (New York, 1887), pp. 116-117. 
 
 8 
 
EMANCIPATION PROCLAMATION 
 
 day was written several miles outside of 
 Washington at the Soldiers' Home. Here, 
 when it was finished, Lincoln read it to Vice- 
 President Hamlin and received his approval. 
 He then called a special Cabinet session to 
 meet at noon the next day. To the Cabinet 
 ministers he said: 
 
 When the rebel army was at Frederick, I deter- 
 mined as soon as it should be driven out of 
 Maryland, to issue a proclamation of emanci- 
 pation I said nothing to any one, but I made 
 
 the promise to myself and (hesitating a little) 
 to my maker. The rebel army is now driven out, 
 and I am going to fulfill that promise. I have 
 got you together to hear what I have written 
 down. I do not wish your advice about the main 
 matter, for that I have determined for myself. . . . 
 If there is anything in the expressions I use, or 
 in any minor matter, which any one of you 
 thinks had best be changed, I shall be glad to 
 receive the suggestions. 1 
 
 The President then read the proclamation, 
 making remarks on several points, and a dis- 
 cussion followed that, according to Welles, 
 was "long, earnest, and, on the general prin- 
 ciple involved, harmonious." 2 Seward rec- 
 ommended that a phrase limiting the force 
 of the act to the incumbency of the present 
 President be omitted; that the government 
 should promise to "maintain" as well as to 
 "recognize" freedom; and one other minor 
 alteration in the colonization clause. The 
 modifications were approved, adopted, and 
 written into the document. 
 
 The original manuscript draft written 
 carefully by the President on Sunday morn- 
 ing (September 21, 1862), presented to the 
 Cabinet and amended as above described, is 
 now in the New York State Library. I have 
 no reason to believe that a working draft has 
 
 1 Chase Diary, American Historical Association annual 
 report, 1902 (Washington, 1903), pp. 87-88. 
 
 2 Diary of Gideon Welles, op. cit., I, p. 143. 
 
 survived. The New York State Library manu- 
 script has been facsimiled by Lossing, Nico- 
 lay and Hay, and others. The original was 
 presented by Lincoln to the Albany Army 
 Relief Bazaar held in February and March, 
 1864. It bears an endorsement of transmittal 
 by F. W. Seward, dated January 4, 1864, and 
 stating about the text: "The body of it is in 
 his own [Lincoln's] handwriting, the pen- 
 ciled additions in the hand of the Secretary 
 of State [W. H. Seward], and the final be- 
 ginning and ending in the hand of the chief 
 clerk." Its sale netted $1,000 and it went to 
 Gerrit Smith, the abolitionist, who gave it 
 to the United States Sanitary Commission. 
 After Lincoln's funeral services in Albany in 
 April, 1865, the State Legislature appropri- 
 ated $ 1 ,000 for its purchase and it was placed 
 in the State Library. It might have shared the 
 fate of the comparable manuscript of the final 
 proclamation which was destroyed in the 
 Chicago fire, but fortunately was one of the 
 few treasures saved when the State Library 
 burned in 1 9 1 1 . It was exhibited in the recent 
 New York State Freedom Train. A photo- 
 graphic facsimile of the manuscript was pub- 
 lished at Albany in 1865 headed, in log-type 
 letters, "FIRST EMANCIPATION PROC- 
 LAMATION." It is a large broadside, 371^ 
 by 1 7 3 A inches. Below the photograph, on 
 the DLC copy, is pasted a printed slip which 
 reads: "First Emancipation Proclamation, by 
 / President Lincoln." 
 
 Some historians have believed that an- 
 other autographic copy of the preliminary 
 proclamation existed, from the facsimile 
 that is reproduced in Henry C. Whitney's 
 Life on the Circuit with Lincoln (Boston, 
 1892). Whitney was quite a scalawag, but 
 what he stood to gain from reproducing a 
 forgery is open to conjecture. Two printed 
 clippings (from the Confiscation Act) are in- 
 
EMANCIPATION PROCLAMATION 
 
 serted in the document and in the authentic 
 copy they extend to fourteen and twenty-two 
 lines, while in the Whitney forgery they run 
 to nine and sixteen lines. The holographic 
 work is close enough to rule out the possi- 
 bility that it could be another genuine draft, 
 and yet it displays enough variation to indi- 
 cate that it is not a facsimile of the genuine 
 original. The original copy of the forgery 
 has evidently disappeared, it being known 
 only in Whitney's facsimile. 
 
 When the Cabinet finished its discussion of 
 the proclamation and the emendations were 
 inserted into the manuscript text, Seward 
 took it with him to the State Department and 
 the formal phraseology of attestation was 
 added. It was then given to an engrossing 
 clerk and the official copy was made. It was 
 bound with ribbon and the great seal applied. 
 Seward and Lincoln both signed it that same 
 afternoon of September 22, 1862 and the en- 
 grossed copy was officially filed. It is now in 
 the National Archives. 
 
 That night serenaders with a brass band 
 sang jubilantly outside the Executive Man- 
 sion. Lincoln told them: 
 
 What I did, I did after a very full deliberation, 
 and under a very heavy and solemn sense of re- 
 sponsibility. I can only trust in God I have made 
 no mistake. ... It is now for the country and 
 the world to pass judgment. 1 
 
 The next day the preliminary proclama- 
 tion was carried in full by almost every lead- 
 ing paper in the country. Under boldfaced 
 headlines it appeared in the Neiu York Times 
 with the comment: "There has been no more 
 important and far-reaching document ever 
 issued since the foundation of this Govern- 
 ment than the proclamation of President 
 Lincoln . . . published this morning." 3 
 
 1 Nicolay and Hay, op. cit., p. 164. 
 
 a New York Times, September 23, 1862. 
 
 PRELIMINARY PROCLAMATION - 
 PRINTED EDITIONS 
 
 Without doubt the most interesting results 
 of the present research will be the enumera- 
 tion of the separately printed editions of both 
 the preliminary and the final proclamations. 
 The writer has located a considerable num- 
 ber of heretofore unrecorded contemporary 
 editions, but not in every case has he found 
 printers' job tickets, letters of transmittal or 
 receipt, or other direct evidence to establish 
 positive priority; however, where these are 
 not available, strong prima facie evidence 
 and corroborative circumstantial details sup- 
 port the conclusions presented. 
 
 The first printing of the preliminary proc- 
 lamation (No. 1) 3 is the only early edition with 
 a descriptive heading. It reads: "Notice of is- 
 suance of Proclamation emancipating slaves 
 in States / in rebellion on January 1, 1865." 
 In this caption-title, special attention is called 
 to the words "Notice of," which indicate defi- 
 nite priority. The date "1865" is, of course, 
 an error for "1863," and suggests the haste 
 with which this first rough issue was put 
 through the press. It was printed at the Gov- 
 ernment Printing Office, probably on Sep- 
 tember 22, 1862, for immediate dissemina- 
 tion of the proclamation to the local press 
 and interested Government agencies. It is a 
 State Department edition, without the mili- 
 tary heading or subscription found in the fa- 
 miliar General Orders No. 139. It has "L.S." 
 instead of "SEAL"; and "City" rather than 
 "city." The text is the same as Lincoln's holo- 
 graphic draft except for a few minor editorial 
 corrections; e.g. the word "State" has a capi- 
 tal initial letter throughout and, in Seward's 
 interlineation, the word "the" has been cor- 
 
 3 The number in parentheses after each edition dis- 
 cussed in the essay refers to the appended bibliography, 
 where will be found a technical description with further 
 data and locations. 
 
 10 
 
FIRST PRINTING OF THE PRELIMINARY PROCLAMATION (NO. 1) 
 
the people thereof, are* not then in rebellion against the United 
 States. 
 
 That attention is hereby called to an act of Congress, entitled 
 "An act to make an additional Article of War," approved March 
 13, 1862, and which* act is in the wards and figure following: 
 
 " Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Representatives of the 
 United States of America in Congress assembled, That hereafter 
 the following shall be promulgated as an additional article of war 
 for the government of the Army of the United States, and shall be 
 obeyed and observed as such : 
 
 "Article — . All officers or persons in the military or naval 
 service of the United States are prohibited from employing any of 
 the forces under their respective commands for the purpose of 
 returning fugitives from service or labor who may have escaped 
 from any persons to whom such service or labor is claimed to be 
 due; and any officer who shall be found guilty by a court-martial 
 of violating this article, shall be dismissed from the service." 
 
 " Sec. 2. And be it further enacted, That this act shall take effect 
 from and after its passage." 
 
 Also, lo the ninth and tenth sections of an act entitled "An act 
 to suppress insurrection, to punish treason and rebellion, to seize 
 and confiscate the property of rebels, and for other purposes," 
 approved July 17, 1862, and which sections are in the words and 
 figures following: 
 
 "Sec. 9. And be it further enacted. That all slaves of persons 
 who shall hereafter be engaged in rebellion against the govern- 
 ment of the United States, or who shall in any way give aid or 
 comfort thereto, escaping from such persons and taking refuge 
 within the lines of the army; and all slaves captured from such 
 persons, or deserted by them and coming under the control of the 
 government of the United States; and all slaves of such persons 
 found on [or] being within any place occupied by rebel forces and 
 afterwards occupied by the forces of the United States, shall be 
 deemed captives of war, and shall be forever free of their servi- 
 tude, and not again held as slaves. 
 
 "Sec. 10. And be it fur titer enacted, That no slave escaping into 
 any State, Territory, or the District of Columbia, from any other 
 State, shall be delivered up, or in any way impeded or hindered 
 of his liberty, except for crime, or some offence against the laws, 
 unless the person claiming said fugitive shall first make oath that 
 the person to whom the labor or service of such fugitive is alleged 
 to be due is his lawful owner, and has not borne arms against the 
 United States in the present rebellion, nor in any way given aid 
 and comfort thereto; and no person engaged in the military or 
 naval service of the United States shall, under any pretence what- 
 ever, assume to decide on the validity of the claim of any person 
 to the service or labor of any other person, or surrender up any 
 such person to the claimant, on pain of being dismissed from the 
 service." 
 
 And I do hereby enjoin upon and order all persons engaged in 
 the military and naval service of the United States to observe, 
 
 3 
 
 obey, and enforce, within their respective spheres of service, the 
 act and sections above recited. 
 
 And the Executive will in due time recommend that all citizens 
 of the United States who shall have remained loyal thereto 
 throughout the rebellion shall (upon the restoration of the consti- 
 tutional relation between the United States and their respective 
 States and people, if that relation shall have been suspended or 
 disturbed) be compensated for all losses by acts of the United 
 States, including the loss of slaves. 
 
 In witness whereof, I have hereunto set my hand and caused 
 the seal of the United States to be affixed. 
 
 Done at the City of Washington, this twenty-second day of Sep- 
 tember, in the year of our Lord one thousand eight hun- 
 [r,. s.] dred and sixty-two, and of the independence of the United 
 States the eighty-seventh. 
 
 ABRAHAM LINCOLN. 
 By the President: 
 
 William H. Seward, 
 
 Secretary of State. 
 
EMANCIPATION PROCLAMATION 
 
 rected to "there." It is printed on three pages 
 measuring 714 by 334 inches. At the end are 
 the printed names of only Lincoln and Se- 
 ward. Only one copy is known to exist. (See 
 insert.) 
 
 Rushed off the press to supply the text to 
 the few interdepartmental chiefs who had 
 immediate need for it, this first edition doubt- 
 less was used as copy for the formal State 
 Department folio and for the publication in 
 General Orders. A letter in the National Ar- 
 chives from Adjutant E. D. Townsend to 
 F. W. Seward, dated September 23, 1862, 
 reads: "Dear Sir: I am directed by the Sec- 
 retary of War to get a certified copy of the 
 President's Proclamation which appeared in 
 the papers this morning. Will you please 
 cause one to be furnished for publication in 
 General Orders." In blue pencil are endorsed 
 the words: "ansd. & sent Sept. 23, 1862." 
 
 The second edition (No. 2) is the usual 
 official State Department folio. I have not 
 found a copy of this edition, but will not be 
 surprised when copies turn up, if nowhere 
 else, certainly in the State Department rec- 
 ords of the National Archives. It will be a 
 broadside on parchment paper, measuring 
 about 13 14 by 814 inches, possibly on a four- 
 page sheet with the other three pages blank. 
 It will be headed: "BY THE PRESIDENT 
 OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMER- 
 ICA. / A PROCLAMATION. / I, ABRA- 
 HAM LINCOLN, President . . . ," and at 
 the foot will have the printed signatures of 
 Lincoln and Seward. Presidential proclama- 
 tions of this period always appeared in this 
 form, and the urgency for their distribution 
 was such that they were printed promptly; 
 in this case perhaps on the morning of Sep- 
 tember 24th. This is the issue that would have 
 circulated among the foreign diplomats at 
 Washington, and if it had been in the hands 
 
 of the British ambassador, Lord Stuart, on 
 September 23rd he would have transmitted 
 it to Lord Russell. I have examined a photo- 
 stat of the copy sent by Stuart to Russell on 
 that date (now in the British Museum) and 
 identified it as a clipping from the National 
 Intelligencer of September 23, 1862. 
 
 The third edition (No. 3) of the prelimi- 
 nary proclamation is, like the first two, a State 
 Department publication, but its issuance was 
 not characterized by the same immediacy. Its 
 purpose was to notify the United States dip- 
 lomatic fraternity, particularly our agents 
 abroad, of the issuance of the proclamation. 
 It is printed on a sheet folded to four pages, 
 1234 by 814 inches; the proclamation occu- 
 pies pp. 3-4, p. 2 is blank, and the first page 
 contains a "CIRCULAR. To the Diplomatic 
 and Consular Officers of the United States in 
 foreign countries" dated September 22, 1862 
 and signed with the printed name of William 
 H. Seward. Although the circular is dated 
 September 22nd, that date is not an indica- 
 tion of when it was printed. Just as General 
 Orders were printed one to two weeks after 
 the date they carried, so, too, a time lag was 
 involved in printing circular letters. The 
 copy of the "Circular Letter" edition in the 
 National Archives is endorsed as having been 
 received by our Embassy in London on Octo- 
 ber 6, 1862. Fast mail steamers made the east- 
 ward crossing at this period in eight to ten 
 days, the Cunarder Scotia making a record 
 in 1863 of eight days and three hours. This 
 would place thecopy received by the London 
 Embassy on October 6, 1862 on board either 
 the "full-powered, Clyde-built Iron Steam- 
 ship" Edinburgh or the North German Lloyd 
 Steamship New York, both of which left with 
 United States mail in the forenoon of Sep- 
 tember 27, 1862. Accordingly a publication 
 date between September 24th and 26th in- 
 
 11 
 
Notice of issuance of Proclamation emancipating slaves in States 
 in rebellion on January 1, 1865 . (_6lQ, J 
 
 BY THE PRESIDENT OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA: 
 
 A PROCLAMATION. 
 
 I, Abraham Lincoln, President of the United States of Amer- 
 ica, and Commander-in-chief of the Army and Navy thereof, do 
 hereby proclaim and declare that hereafter, as heretofore, the war 
 will be prosecuted for the object of practically restoring the con- 
 stitutional relation between the United States and each of the 
 States, and the people thereof, in which States that relation is or 
 may be suspended or disturbed. 
 
 That it is my purpose, upon the next meeting of Congress, to 
 again recommend the adoption of a practical measure tendering 
 pecuniary aid to the free acceptance or rejection of all Slave 
 States, so called, the people whereof may not then be in rebellion 
 against the United States, and which States may then have volun- 
 tarily adopted, or thereafter may voluntarily adopt, immediate or 
 gradual abolishment of slavery within their respective limits; 
 and that the effort to colonize persons of African descent, with 
 their consent, upon this continent or elsewhere, with the pre- 
 viously obtained consent of the governments existing there, will 
 be continued. 
 
 That on the first day of January, in the year of our Lord one 
 thousand eight hundred and sixty-three, all persons held as slaves 
 within any State or designated part of a State, the people whereof 
 shall then be in rebellion against the United States,, shall be then, 
 thenceforward, and forever free ; and the Executive Government 
 of the United States, including the military and naval authority 
 thereof, will recognise and maintain the freedom of such persons, 
 and will do no act or acts to repress such persons, or any of them, 
 in any efforts they may make for their actual freedom. 
 
 That the Executive will, on the first day of January aforesaid, 
 by Proclamation, designate the States, and parts of States, if any, 
 in which the people thereof respectively shall then be in rebellion 
 against the United States ; and the fact that any State, or the peo- 
 ple thereof, shall on that day be in good faith represented in the 
 Congress of the United States, by members chosen thereto at elec- 
 tions wherein a majority of the qualified voters of such State shall 
 have participated, shall, in the absence of strong countervailing 
 testimony, be deemed conclusive evidence that such State, and 
 
EMANCIPATION PROCLAMATION 
 
 rected to "there." It is printed on three pages 
 measuring 714 by 3^ inches. At the end are 
 the printed names of only Lincoln and Se- 
 ward. Only one copy is known to exist. (See 
 insert.) 
 
 Rushed off the press to supply the text to 
 the few interdepartmental chiefs who had 
 immediate need for it, this first edition doubt- 
 less was used as copy for the formal State 
 Department folio and for the publication in 
 General Orders. A letter in the National Ar- 
 chives from Adjutant E. D. Townsend to 
 F. W. Seward, dated September 23, 1862, 
 reads: "Dear Sir: I am directed by the Sec- 
 retary of War to get a certified copy of the 
 President's Proclamation which appeared in 
 the papers this morning. Will you please 
 cause one to be furnished for publication in 
 General Orders." In blue pencil are endorsed 
 the words: "ansd. & sent Sept. 23, 1862." 
 
 The second edition (No. 2) is the usual 
 official State Department folio. I have not 
 found a copy of this edition, but will not be 
 surprised when copies turn up, if nowhere 
 else, certainly in the State Department rec- 
 ords of the National Archives. It will be a 
 broadside on parchment paper, measuring 
 about 131/^ by 814 inches, possibly on a four- 
 page sheet with the other three pages blank. 
 It will be headed: "BY THE PRESIDENT 
 OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMER- 
 ICA. / A PROCLAMATION. / I, ABRA- 
 HAM LINCOLN, President . . . ," and at 
 the foot will have the printed signatures of 
 Lincoln and Seward. Presidential proclama- 
 tions of this period always appeared in this 
 form, and the urgency for their distribution 
 was such that they were printed promptly; 
 in this case perhaps on the morning of Sep- 
 tember 24th. This is the issue that would have 
 circulated among the foreign diplomats at 
 Washington, and if it had been in the hands 
 
 of the British ambassador, Lord Stuart, on 
 September 23rd he would have transmitted 
 it to Lord Russell. I have examined a photo- 
 stat of the copy sent by Stuart to Russell on 
 that date (now in the British Museum) and 
 identified it as a clipping from the National 
 Intelligencer of September 23, 1862. 
 
 The third edition (No. 3) of the prelimi- 
 nary proclamation is, like the first two, a State 
 Department publication, but its issuance was 
 not characterized by the same immediacy. Its 
 purpose was to notify the United States dip- 
 lomatic fraternity, particularly our agents 
 abroad, of the issuance of the proclamation. 
 It is printed on a sheet folded to four pages, 
 12 y 4 by 814 inches; the proclamation occu- 
 pies pp. 3-4, p. 2 is blank, and the first page 
 contains a "CIRCULAR. To the Diplomatic 
 and Consular Officers of the United States in 
 foreign countries" dated September 22, 1862 
 and signed with the printed name of William 
 H. Seward. Although the circular is dated 
 September 22 nd, that date is not an indica- 
 tion of when it was printed. Just as General 
 Orders were printed one to two weeks after 
 the date they carried, so, too, a time lag was 
 involved in printing circular letters. The 
 copy of the "Circular Letter" edition in the 
 National Archives is endorsed as having been 
 received by our Embassy in London on Octo- 
 ber 6, 1862. Fast mail steamers made the east- 
 ward crossing at this period in eight to ten 
 days, the Cunarder Scotia making a record 
 in 1863 of eight days and three hours. This 
 would place thecopy received by the London 
 Embassy on October 6, 1862 on board either 
 the "full-powered, Clyde-built Iron Steam- 
 ship" Edinburgh or the North German Lloyd 
 Steamship New York, both of which left with 
 United States mail in the forenoon of Sep- 
 tember 27, 1862. Accordingly a publication 
 date between September 24th and 26th in- 
 
 11 
 
EMANCIPATION PROCLAMATION 
 
 elusive can safely be inferred for the third 
 edition. 
 
 Besides the DNA copy, there is a copy of 
 this edition in the Greenly-Clements Collec- 
 tion in the University of Michigan. Yale and 
 Brown also have copies. The Library of Con- 
 gress copy is imperfect, having two para- 
 graphs, comprising thirteen lines, cut from 
 it. But what a noble flaw! The clipping was 
 made by Lincoln and the portion clipped was 
 "paper hung" by him to the original auto- 
 graph copy of the final proclamation. The 
 copy has an endorsement in the President's 
 hand: "Preliminary Proclamation from 
 which a scrap was cut to paste onto the final 
 one." 
 
 The fourth edition (No. 4) is War Depart- 
 ment General Orders, No. 139. It is printed 
 on three pages, measuring 71^ by ^i/ 8 inches 
 or less, depending on how much the leaves 
 are trimmed. The order is dated September 
 24, 1862 but it was not printed until Septem- 
 ber 29th or 30th. A letter in the National 
 Archives from E. D. Townsend to Major H. 
 Z. Curtis at St. Louis, and dated Washington, 
 September 29, 1862, reads: "General Orders 
 No. 130, 131, 132, 133, 134, and 135 (1,000 
 copies of each, made up in five parcels for 
 convenience of carriage by mail) were mailed 
 to Saint Louis between September 18th & 
 23d and General Orders No. 136, 137, & 140 
 go today —The General Orders are distrib- 
 uted as fast as received from the printer." 
 General Orders, No. 140 also was dated Sep- 
 tember 24, 1862 and it may be inferred that 
 General Orders, No. 139 was on the press as 
 Townsend's letter of September 29, 1 862 was 
 written. It may be appropriate to mention 
 here, because almost all the items described 
 in this paper are of considerable rarity, that 
 the General Orders editions are compara- 
 tively common. Distribution amounted to 
 
 some 15,000 copies and many of these have 
 been preserved in bound volumes. Moreover, 
 some fifteen different reprints appeared in 
 the various compiled editions of General 
 Orders. Another separate edition of General 
 Orders No. 139 with facsimile signatures of 
 Lincoln and Seward was printed in New 
 York in 1 864, employing script type. 
 
 So far as can be traced, the preliminary 
 proclamation did not appear in Navy De- 
 partment General Orders nor in any of the 
 military General Orders published at lower 
 echelons; thus, while the four editions dis- 
 cussed above are counterparts of the first four 
 official editions of the final proclamation, 
 there were printed two more official editions 
 of it than of the preliminary proclamation. 
 
 The fifth edition (No. 5) is the only sep- 
 arate newspaper printing of the preliminary 
 proclamation I have seen. It is headed "Uncle 
 Sam Extra —The Abolition of Slavery." It 
 was printed at Bowling Green, October 4, 
 1 862 and the only copy so far located is in the 
 Lincoln National Life Foundation. 
 
 The sixth edition (No. 6) is a privately 
 issued broadside without date or place of 
 printing but which probably issued — like 
 No. 7, under the auspices of J. M. Forbes — 
 from Boston in December, 1862. It measures 
 eight by six inches and is headed: "By the 
 President of the United States. / [spread- 
 eagle with scroll] / A Proclamation." In ad- 
 dition to the text of the preliminary proc- 
 lamation, this broadside contains an extract 
 from Alexander Stephens' speech of 2 1 March 
 1861, which also appears on Nos. 7, 14, and 15. 
 The seventh edition (No. 7) is the only 
 one separately issued in pamphlet form. The 
 wrapper-title reads: "The Proclamation of 
 Emancipation, by the President of the United 
 States, to take effect January 1st, 1863." The 
 booklet is a miniature affair of seven pages 
 
 12 
 
EMANCIPATION PROCLAMATION 
 
 plus printed paper covers, ^i/ 8 by 2i/£ inches 
 overall. It is listed by Monaghan, No. 147. 
 The text is similar to the State Department 
 editions, but with many minor variations. It 
 was printed at Boston in December of 1862, 
 the last of the editions of 1862. 
 
 The September proclamation gave the South 
 one hundred days' notice of the consequences 
 that might be expected if it continued the re- 
 bellion beyond January 1, 1863. As the first of- 
 ficial pronouncement of Lincoln's expressed 
 intention to free the slaves in rebellious ter- 
 ritory, it was a momentous document. But 
 there was nothing in it that compelled the 
 President to implement it with the final proc- 
 lamation of January 1st, providing he had 
 changed his mind by that time. Would Mr. 
 Lincoln make good his September promise 
 and actually issue the "edict of freedom"? In 
 December of 1862 that question was on mil- 
 lions of minds and thousands of lips. On the 
 first day of the month the President's Annual 
 Message reverted at length to his old and un- 
 acceptable policy of voluntary, gradual com- 
 pensated emancipation. Rumor said that the 
 Executive had backed down from the strong 
 position announced in the preliminary proc- 
 lamation. Nearly everyone feared the worst: 
 Border state men seemed convinced that the 
 final proclamation was coming, while the 
 anti-slavery element seemed equally sure it 
 was not. 
 
 On December 11, 1862 Representative 
 Yeaman of Kentucky offered resolutions de- 
 claring the preliminary proclamation a dan- 
 gerous and unconstitutional war measure. 
 Only forty-five members supported the reso- 
 lutions, which were laid on the table by 
 ninety-four votes. On December 15, 1862 
 Representative Fessenden presented resolu- 
 tions to the effect that the proclamation was 
 
 constitutional, well-adapted to hasten the res- 
 toration of peace, and an exercise of power 
 that duly regarded states rights and free gov- 
 ernment. These resolutions passed seventy- 
 eight to fifty-one, but this did not quiet 
 Northern misgiving. 
 
 On December 18th the abolitionist J. M. 
 Forbes wrote Sumner: 
 
 The first of January is near at hand and we see 
 no signs of any measures for carrying into effect 
 the Proclamation. 1 
 
 But in two letters to George Livermore 
 dated December 25th and 28th Sumner was 
 able to say: 
 
 The President is occupied on the Proclamation. 
 He will stand firm. He said to me that it was 
 hard to drive him from a position which he had 
 once taken. . . . The President says he would 
 not stop the Proclamation if he could, and could 
 not if he would Hallelujahl 2 
 
 Nevertheless on this same Sunday, Decem- 
 ber 28, 1862 the President indicated that he 
 was not so sure of himself as Sumner thought 
 him to be. The Senate chaplain, Reverend 
 Byron Sunderland, preached an antislavery 
 sermon that morning, then called on Lincoln 
 in some alarm, venturing: 
 
 Mr. President, They say you are not going to 
 keep your promise to give us the Emancipation 
 Proclamation, that it is your intention to with- 
 draw it. The President replied: "Well, doctor, 
 you know Peter was going to do it, but when 
 the time came he did not." Then Lincoln re- 
 sumed his grave tone, and for half an hour he 
 discussed the question of emancipation. He 
 stated it in every light, putting his points so 
 clearly that each statement was an argument. He 
 showed the fullest appreciation of every side. It 
 
 1 J. M. Forbes to Sumner, Boston, December 18, 1862. 
 Sumner Mss. 
 
 2 Sumner to George Livermore, Washington, Decem- 
 ber 25 and 28, 1862. Proceedings, Mass. Hist. Soc. XLIV, 
 596. 
 
 13 
 
EMANCIPATION PROCLAMATION 
 
 was like a talk of one of the old prophets. And 
 though he did not tell me in the end whether 
 the proclamation would be issued or not, I went 
 home comforted and uplifted, and I believed in 
 Abraham Lincoln from that day. 1 
 
 FINAL PROCLAMATION - 
 MANUSCRIPTS 
 
 Now Lincoln's mind was made up. On 
 Monday, December 29, 1862 he gathered 
 together his emancipation notes and wrote a 
 draft of the final proclamation as he intended 
 to present it to the Cabinet. That draft is not 
 located, but the text is preserved. He gave it 
 to Nicolay, asking him to have made five or 
 six manuscript copies for the use of his minis- 
 ters. No copy would have been prepared for 
 Caleb Smith, who had resigned, nor for his 
 successor John P. Usher, who was not ap- 
 pointed until a week later. Possibly none was 
 made for Stanton, whose oral approval may 
 have been obtained in advance; if there was 
 a copy for the Secretary of War, it may now 
 be in the Stanton Manuscripts. Very likely a 
 copy was made for Welles, but it seems to 
 have disappeared; it is thought to have ap- 
 peared at auction, but is not to be found in 
 Henkels' two sales of Welles' Civil War 
 manuscripts, January 4 and 17, 1924, nor in 
 other records searched. The four copies made 
 for and used by Bates, Blair, Chase, and 
 Seward are in the Library of Congress. They 
 comprise three folio pages each, the third 
 page of all four copies being in the same 
 hand, evidently Nicolay's; pages 1-2 of two 
 copies are in the hand of one clerk and pages 
 1-2 of the other two copies were written by 
 different clerks. Blank spaces are provided 
 for the enumeration of the excepted Lou- 
 isiana parishes and Virginia counties. The 
 copies are not signed. 
 
 1 Quoted in Sandburg, Carl. 
 War Years. II, pp. 11-12. 
 
 Abraham Lincoln, the 
 
 At 10 a.m. on Tuesday, December 30, 
 1862 the Cabinet met in regular session. The 
 President read aloud his draft of the final 
 emancipation proclamation, asked for criti- 
 cism, and after some discussion, caused the 
 manuscript copies to be distributed. He asked 
 the ministers to give the document close at- 
 tention and to submit in writing such altera- 
 tions as they thought desirable. He called a 
 special Cabinet meeting for the next day and 
 requested that the revised copies be brought 
 to the meeting for consideration. 
 
 The Cabinet reconvened at 10 a.m. on 
 Wednesday, December 31, 1862 for the final 
 discussion of the document. 2 A considerable 
 number of changes were suggested, many of 
 which are embodied in or attached to the 
 manuscript copies in the Library of Con- 
 gress, including a complete draft rewritten 
 by Chase. Sumner had suggested to the Presi- 
 dent and to Chase the desirability of a felici- 
 tous closing sentence and Chase had framed 
 this in grand style. The suggestions were 
 written down in order and at the end of the 
 discussion Lincoln took them and said he 
 would complete the document. 
 
 The rest of the day the President must 
 have spent much of his time studying the 
 recommendations and pondering how best 
 to frame the document that was to usher in 
 not only a new year but a new era. Special 
 requests for the text of the proclamation 
 came in but, since it was not yet written, they 
 could not be complied with. At 5:14 p.m. 
 identical telegrams were despatched to Gree- 
 ley of the New York Tribune and Raymond 
 of the Times. The original copies of these, 
 
 2 The meeting may have taken place earlier than has 
 been stated. The Washington Evening Star (December 
 31, 1862) reports under heading "AN EARLY CABINET 
 MEETING," as follows: "This morning at eight o'clock 
 the cabinet met and remained in session until 1 1 a.m. It is 
 believed that they were in consultation over some portions 
 of the proclamation expected to be issued tomorrow." 
 
 14 
 
EMANCIPATION PROCLAMATION 
 
 in Nicolay's hand, are in the Brown Univer- 
 sity Library. Dated December 31, 1862, they 
 read: "The Proclamation cannot be tele- 
 graphed to you until during the day tomor- 
 row." Under the heading "THE EMANCI- 
 PATION PROCLAMATION" the Times 
 of January 1, 1863 stated: "It is ascertained 
 that the President's Emancipation Proclama- 
 tion will not be ready for publication till 
 tomorrow." 
 
 At last Lincoln received the vital messages 
 from General Dix and Michael Hahn (orig- 
 inals in the Library of Congress) defining the 
 exact portions of Virginia and Louisiana not 
 then in rebellion. The Emancipator was 
 ready to emancipate. 
 
 Every conflicting suggestion now com- 
 pletely resolved in his mind, he wrote in a 
 firm, clear hand the beginning of the proc- 
 lamation. He clipped and pasted the two- 
 paragraph quotation from the preliminary 
 proclamation and proceeded in so calm and 
 methodical a manner that he paused to en- 
 dorse the copy from which he had made the 
 clipping. Unlike most of Washington, after 
 the revelry of New Year's Eve, the President 
 was up early in the morning and completed 
 his final draft of the final proclamation; on 
 matters of policy and principle he stuck 
 steadfast to his own ideas, but he incorpo- 
 rated some of the verbal refinements sug- 
 gested by the Cabinet members, and closed 
 with Chase's "felicitous sentence" — after in- 
 serting a significant qualification. He did not 
 write in the formal subscription. 
 
 So it was that early on Thursday morning, 
 January 1, 1863 the manuscript draft was 
 rushed to the State Department to be en- 
 grossed. The engrossed copy was evidently 
 returned for signature by Seward at about 
 10:45 a.m. The President signed it but, per- 
 haps even while doing so, he noted a serious 
 
 error in the subscription. It read: "In testi- 
 mony whereof I have hereunto set my name 
 and caused the seal of the United States to 
 be affixed." This phraseology was used by 
 Lincoln to proclaim treaties that had been 
 ratified by Congress. His independent proc- 
 lamations always used the phraseology: "In 
 witness whereof I have hereunto set my 
 hand ..." For obvious reasons, Lincoln could 
 not permit this confusion in the official copy 
 of state. He must have asked Seward to have 
 a new copy engrossed and, as it was eleven 
 o'clock and his diplomatic guests were arriv- 
 ing for the New Year's reception, he repaired 
 to the Blue Room, where for almost four 
 solid hours his hand was wrenched and wrung 
 by enthusiastic well-wishers. 
 
 But where was the proclamation? The 
 Daily National Republican of January 1, 
 1863 regretted that "at the present time, we 
 have not received a copy of the President's 
 proclamation." Naturally — it was not signed 
 yet. The same paper the next day described 
 the reception: "The proclamation, however, 
 had not been made public; and many looked 
 inquiringly into the face of the President, 
 but forbore to ask whether the word of liber- 
 ation had been proclaimed." No, the edict 
 of freedom had not yet been proclaimed; 
 though while the guests gazed inquiringly, 
 there was being run on the press of the Eve- 
 ning Star one of the greatest scoops in news- 
 paper history. It is apparently unknown to 
 Lincoln lore today and forgotten in journal- 
 istic annals, but the proclamation found its 
 way out of the State Department and into 
 the columns of the Star and onto the streets 
 of Washington early on the afternoon of 
 January 1, 1863 before the official text had 
 been signed. 
 
 The text used to achieve this remarkable 
 scoop was, of course, the engrossed copy with 
 
 15 
 
EMANCIPATION PROCLAMATION 
 
 the "testimony . . . name" error, and it was 
 copied by the National Republican on Janu- 
 ary 2, 1863 and elsewhere. 
 
 Whether this unofficial engrossed copy 
 ever got back to Lincoln or not is a question 
 difficult now to answer. More likely Seward 
 kept it, for it passed to his Albany associate, 
 Senator Cole, either from Seward or from 
 Lincoln himself. From Cole it passed to his 
 secretary, Frank A. Smith, and from him to 
 his grandson, Francis S. Marlow; it then went 
 to Joseph F. Sabin and, later, to Stan V. 
 Henkels, from whom it was acquired by the 
 late Oliver R. Barrett. 
 
 Just as it has been possible to reconstruct 
 the story of the Barrett copy, so, too, can one 
 trace the movements during New Year's Day 
 of the original autographic draft and the cor- 
 rected engrossed copy with the words "wit- 
 ness . . . hand." Both of these were picked up 
 by Seward and, accompanied by his son Fred, 
 he brought them to the White House in the 
 late afternoon. Without ceremony and in the 
 presence of only a few friends, the President 
 put his name to the document in a hand made 
 shaky by the vigorous greetings of the recep- 
 tion. He wanted to keep for himself the auto- 
 graph draft and requested Nicolay to copy 
 the formal subscription, which the secretary 
 did, including Seward's signature. The Presi- 
 dent then signed it, again with a tremulous 
 hand. The engrossed copy was then returned 
 to the State Department to be attested by the 
 great seal and deposited in the archives; it is 
 now in the National Archives. 
 
 Lincoln told Carpenter that he regarded 
 the Emancipation Proclamation as "the cen- 
 tral act of my administration, and the great 
 event of the nineteenth century." We may 
 imagine then how deep must have been his 
 appreciation for his own original autograph 
 draft; yet in October of 1863 he sent it to be 
 
 sold at the Northwestern Fair for the Sani- 
 tary Commission in Chicago. In the Library 
 of Congress is his letter of transmittal: "I 
 had some desire to retain the paper; but if it 
 shall contribute to the relief or comfort of 
 the soldiers, that will be better." At the Fair 
 the manuscript was acquired for $3,000 by 
 Thomas B. Bryan, president of the Soldiers' 
 Home. Months before, Lossing had suc- 
 ceeded in having a facsimile made by Walker, 
 the government photographer, for use in 
 his history. 1 That original facsimile in four 
 folio pages, together with Lossing's auto- 
 graph account of the interview with Lincoln 
 in which he obtained permission to have it 
 made, was sold at auction May 9, 1912 (An- 
 derson Auction Company, Catalogue 958, 
 item 153). It is now in the New York State 
 Library. Another, but later, facsimile of the 
 Bryan manuscript was published by the Lin- 
 coln Art Publishing Company of New York 
 in 1895; this is a large folio showing both 
 Carpenter's famous painting, "The Procla- 
 mation of Emancipation," and the autograph 
 text in three columns (copy in RPB). After 
 Bryan acquired the original manuscript, he 
 had Ed. Mendel of Chicago lithograph at 
 least four different issues from time to time 
 for sale at other fairs. Thus have copies been 
 preserved for us; but tragically the original 
 was destroyed in the great fire of 1871. 
 
 The Bryan manuscript of the final proc- 
 lamation, like the Albany draft of the prelim- 
 inary proclamation, was also the subject of a 
 forgery which was reproduced by Whitney 
 in Life on the Circuit with Lincoln (Boston, 
 1892). The printed clipping in the Whitney 
 forgery contains fourteen rather than thir- 
 teen lines. I have not seen the original of this 
 forgery. Another manuscript version with 
 
 1 Lossing, Benson J. Pictorial History of the Civil War 
 (Hartford, 1868), II, 560-564. 
 
 16 
 
EMANCIPATION PROCLAMATION 
 
 a forged signature is in the Library of Con- 
 gress. It is a copy that was made for Vinnie 
 Ream, the sculptress, while she was working 
 on the statue that now stands in the Rotunda 
 of the Capitol. Part of the text is apparently 
 in her hand and the rest seems to have been 
 written by Nicolay, who perhaps copied in 
 Lincoln's name. So much for the manuscripts. 
 
 We have seen that the Star obtained by ir- 
 regular means and printed the text of the 
 final proclamation during the early after- 
 noon of January ist. Greeley and Raymond 
 and others had been promised the text some 
 time during the day. After the official copy 
 had been signed and Seward had left with it, 
 Nicolay doubtless copied off from Lincoln's 
 manuscript a draft for the use of the tele- 
 graphers in disseminating the news and for 
 the immediate printing of a few copies of 
 the first edition. By eight o'clock the text was 
 headed in many directions. In Boston a great 
 meeting of celebration had been called, and 
 Mrs. J. Quincy wrote to Mrs. Lincoln under 
 date of Boston, January 2, 1863 (original in 
 DLC): "It was not until the vast audience 
 had assembled . . . that the news arrived that 
 the proclamation was actually on the wires 
 of the telegraph. The reception of this intel- 
 ligence was worthy of the 'Declaration of 
 Emancipation!' which must rank in future 
 with that of Independence." 
 
 A number of newspapers did not issue on 
 January 2nd because of the previous day's 
 holiday, but most of those that did carried 
 the final proclamation. Many of the others 
 printed it on January 3rd. The New York 
 Timesstated:" THE PRESIDENT'S PROC- 
 LAMATION. President Lincoln's Procla- 
 mation, which we publish this morning, 
 marks an era in the history, not only of this 
 war, but of the country and the world." 
 
 FINAL PROCLAMATION - EDITIONS 
 PRINTED IN JANUARY, 1863 
 
 The first separately printed edition of the 
 final proclamation (No. 8) is a two-page 
 broadsheet that carries as a caption-title the 
 italicized heading "Emancipation Proclama- 
 tion." It is a State Department issue, bearing 
 the printed signatures of Lincoln and Seward 
 only, and was printed in haste to serve the 
 urgent need for a few copies until the re- 
 splendent, official folio edition could be pre- 
 pared. The sheet measures 714 by 4^ inches 
 and was printed at the Government Printing 
 Office, probably during the evening of Janu- 
 ary 1, 1863. It differs from the other official 
 editions notably in that it has a descriptive 
 heading. It is definitely the counterpart of 
 the first edition of the preliminary proclama- 
 tion already described. A number of errors 
 in punctuation and capitalization are to be 
 found that were corrected in the State De- 
 partment folio editions, for which it may 
 have been used as an editor's worksheet. For 
 example, in this edition the word "proclama- 
 tion" appears with an initial capital in one 
 place, but elsewhere it is in lower-case; the 
 opening parenthesis is omitted where the 
 Virginia counties are excepted; in later edi- 
 tions the commas are omitted from "I do 
 order and declare that all persons held as 
 slaves within said designated States, and parts 
 of States are, and henceforward shall be, 
 free"; in all later editions the word "do" is 
 omitted from "And I do hereby enjoin upon 
 the people . . ."; in the subscription to the 
 first edition the "C" of "City" has an initial 
 capital and the "i" of "independence" an in- 
 itial small letter, while in later editions these 
 are reversed. The number of copies printed 
 of the first edition was extremely small as few 
 were needed immediately; only one of these 
 seems to have survived. (See illustration.) 
 
 17 
 
EMANCIPATION PROCLAMATION 
 
 The second edition (No. 9) was printed the 
 following evening, not for official purposes, or 
 even in Washington, but in Lincoln's home 
 town of Springfield, Illinois. It is an extra of 
 the Illinois State Journal, datelined Friday 
 Evening, January 2, 1863. It is the only sep- 
 arate newspaper edition of the final procla- 
 mation that I have seen. The sheet measures 
 g7/ 8 by 6 1/ 2 inches and the proclamation is 
 printed in double-column under the head- 
 ing: "IMPORTANT FROM WASHING- 
 TON. / PROCLAMATION BY PRESI- 
 DENT LINCOLN." 
 
 The third edition (No. 10) is the earliest 
 State Department folio. A copy in the Hunt- 
 ington Library has a certification signed in 
 manuscript by William H. Seward authenti- 
 cating it as the official edition of the State 
 Department. It may be assumed that this 
 edition was not printed before January 3, 
 1863, but it was probably printed on that 
 day or the next. A note on the John Hay 
 Library copy at Brown states that this was the 
 official edition distributed to diplomats. Cer- 
 tainly one of the first persons to receive a copy 
 would have been Lord Lyons, the British 
 ambassador. Under date of January 2, 1862 
 [1863] he transmitted a copy of the procla- 
 mation to Lord Russell in London. Had he 
 received the official copy by that time, that is 
 the one he would have sent. I have examined 
 a photostat of the copy transmitted (original 
 in the British Museum) and identified it as a 
 clipping taken from the National Republi- 
 can of January 2, 1863. The third edition 
 measures 13I/3 by Ss/ 8 and is printed on the 
 first page of a four-page folded sheet, with the 
 other three pages blank; the blank leaf is 
 usually trimmed off. It corresponds to the 
 second edition of the preliminary proclama- 
 tion; this I have not located, but it must have 
 been printed foi ihe same official purposes. 
 
 The fourth edition (No. 1 1) is a circular 
 printed for dissemination to the foreign 
 service posts of the Department of State. It 
 is a four-page sheet folded to 131^ by 8i/ 8 
 inches, with pages two and four blank, the 
 circular letter on page one and the proclama- 
 tion on page three. The proclamation closely 
 resembles the third edition in text, punc- 
 tuation, capitalization, spelling, and other 
 technical details, including typeface and, in 
 fact, the two are almost identical except for 
 slightly wider spacing in the fourth edition, 
 which produces some differences in line end- 
 ings. The fourth edition has four hyphenated 
 line endings, whereas the third has none. 
 The various official State Department folio 
 proclamations of the period that I have ex- 
 amined do not contain any hyphenated line 
 endings. Three of the four located copies of 
 the fourth edition lack the circular letter. 
 Two of these (MWA and MHi) came from 
 Charles Sumner; the latter in an envelope 
 signed by Sumner and postmarked "Wash- 
 ington 6 Apr 63." That date establishes noth- 
 ing as to when it was printed. The complete 
 copy, however, which is in the National Ar- 
 chives and is signed in manuscript by William 
 H. Seward, is the copy addressed to Charles 
 F. Adams at the American Embassy in Lon- 
 don. It is endorsed as having been "Rec d 19 
 Jan y 1863." It must have been despatched 
 either on the Cunard Royal Mail Steamship 
 Europa or F. Macdonald and Company's 
 Caledonia, both of which sailed for Britain 
 on January 7, 1863. This would place the 
 date of printing of the fourth edition about 
 January 5, 1863. 
 
 The fifth edition (No. 12) is the famil- 
 iar War Department publication, General 
 Orders, No. 1, dated (but not printed on) 
 January 2, 1863. It extends to three pages, 
 measuring 714 by 5 inches when untrimmed, 
 
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EMANCIPATION PROCLAMATION 
 
 and carries the name of L. Thomas at the end 
 with a space provided for the signature of the 
 Assistant Adjutant General. Some fifteen dif- 
 ferent reissues occur in compiled versions 
 of "General Orders," but these are of no 
 concern in our discussion of the separate 
 editions. 
 
 A despatch carried by the New York Times 
 of January 1, 1863 — datelined Washington, 
 December 31, 1862 — repeated a current ru- 
 mor as follows: "The Emancipation Procla- 
 mation will be made public tomorrow, and 
 copies have been sent today to the Generals 
 commanding in the field." This report has 
 led to the speculation that copies of General 
 Orders, No. 1 were printed on December 31st 
 or before and despatched by mail to military 
 commanders. However, as we have seen, the 
 manuscript document was not finally written 
 until January 1st, and we may be sure that 
 if copies were sent to the field on that day 
 they were telegraphic copies and not printed 
 copies of General Orders, No. 1. The founda- 
 tion behind the rumor, if there was any, was 
 perhaps the fact that manuscript copies had 
 been made for the Cabinet officers. 
 
 The time lag between the date carried on 
 General Orders and their actual printing ran 
 at this period about seven to ten days; in the 
 case of the beginning of the new series for 
 1863 it seems to have been at a minimum of 
 one week, with proclamations about ten days 
 behind. A telegram from Robert Williams 
 to Major General J. E. Wool, dated War 
 Department, Washington, January 11, 1863 
 (original in National Archives) states: "A 
 copy of General Orders, No. 2 of January 3, 
 1863 assigning you to the command of the 
 Department of the East . . . was forwarded to 
 you by mail on the 8th instant." This indi- 
 cates that General Orders, No. 2 was printed 
 on January 7th or January 8th. As we know, 
 
 General Orders are not always printed in 
 sequence and General Orders, No. 2, a brief 
 military appointment, may well have pre- 
 ceded No. 1. While the exact date on which 
 the latter was printed cannot be positively 
 established, there is no question but that it 
 must have been sometime between January 
 6th and January 10th, probably nearer the 
 latter date. Distribution of General Orders 
 then, as now, was "automatic," which ac- 
 counts for the fact that letters of transmittal 
 are not to be found, except in unusual cases. 
 The Adjutant General's records of distribu- 
 tion are in the National Archives and reveal 
 that approximately 15,000 copies of General 
 Orders, No. 1 were printed. Of these, some 
 2,000 went to the various Bureaus; 500 to 
 posts, regiments, states, generals, and miscel- 
 laneous groups; 3,000 to the Cumberland 
 Department; 1,200 to the Department of the 
 Gulf; 1,000 to the Department of Missouri; 
 800 to the Department of the Middle; 500 to 
 the Department of Tennessee; 400 to the De- 
 partment of Washington; 300 to the Depart- 
 ment of the East; and most of the remainder 
 to the following Departments: Ohio, South, 
 Virginia, North Carolina, North West, New 
 Mexico, Pacific, Oregon (District), Susque- 
 hanna, Monongahela, West Virginia, and St. 
 Mary's (District). 
 
 This edition is listed in the Grolier Club's 
 One Hundred Influential American Books, 
 where it is erroneously described as "possibly 
 the first, and certainly the first separate, 
 printing of the Proclamation." 
 
 The sixth separate printing of the final 
 proclamation (No. 13) is General Order, No. 
 4, Navy Department, January 14, 1863. It is 
 a two-page broadsheet, measuring about 8i/£ 
 by 51^ inches. The proclamation proper is a 
 transcript of the State Department text, pre- 
 ceding which is a heading signed by Gideon 
 
 21 
 
EMANCIPATION PROCLAMATION 
 
 Welles, Secretary of the Navy: "The follow- 
 ing Proclamation of the President is pub- 
 lished for the information and government 
 of the officers and others of the Naval Serv- 
 ice." The discovery of this heretofore un- 
 noticed Navy Department edition of the final 
 proclamation naturally led to a search for a 
 corresponding edition of the preliminary 
 proclamation; none was found. 
 
 The seventh edition (No. 14) is a broad- 
 side corresponding to No. 6, evidently issued 
 by J. M. Forbes about the same time as he 
 published the eighth edition (No. 15). This 
 latter is a miniature pamphlet (33^ by 214 
 inches) of eight pages with wrapper-title read- 
 ing: "Proclamation of Emancipation by the 
 President of the United States, January 1st, 
 1863." It corresponds to the miniature pam- 
 phlet edition of the preliminary proclama- 
 tion and hence was probably published at 
 the instance of John Murray Forbes with the 
 support of Governor John Albion Andrew 
 of Massachusetts. Andrew had attended the 
 Altoona Conference of governors, which met 
 to urge upon Lincoln the wisdom of emanci- 
 pation. Andrew was ardent in the cause of 
 freedom, and it will be seen from the follow- 
 ing extract (Ogdensburg, N. Y., True Ad- 
 vance, January 23, 1863) that he undertook 
 to give this edition wide distribution: 
 
 Governor Andrew means to let the darkies 
 know that they are free. He has caused the proc- 
 lamation to be bound up in tiny book form, and 
 has had packages of them franked to the Massa- 
 chusetts regiments, requesting the various of- 
 ficers to see that they are distributed. 
 
 This would place the printing of the sev- 
 enth and eighth editions at Boston about the 
 third week in January. 
 
 The ninth edition (No. 16) was issued by 
 Major General Banks at New Orleans. It is 
 
 General Orders No. 12, War Department, 
 Headquarters, Department of the Gulf, Jan- 
 uary 29, 1862 [sic] promulgating the proc- 
 lamation. The text begins: "The Proclama- 
 tion of the President of the United States, 
 dated January 1st, 1863, is published in Gen- 
 eral Orders for the information and gov- 
 ernment of the officers and soldiers of this 
 command and all persons acting under their 
 authority." The text of the proclamation fol- 
 lows from the middle of page 2 to page 3. 
 
 One might reasonably expect, in view of 
 the above printing "in the field," that many 
 other similar editions emanated from various 
 local headquarters. A search of the files in 
 the National Archives, the War Department, 
 the National War College Library, and else- 
 where has failed to reveal, however, that any 
 other was printed. Presumably the distribu- 
 tion of the Adjutant General's edition was 
 large enough to make further reprinting 
 unnecessary. 
 
 Thus far we have traced the bibliographical 
 aspects of the origin, development, and of- 
 ficial issuance of the Emancipation Procla- 
 mation. With the close of January, 1863 
 there were no more official editions. Had 
 this been any one of a thousand important 
 war measures, our story would end here; but 
 it was, rather, one in a thousand, and the in- 
 fluence it was to exert brought forth a host 
 of further editions. Few of these have ever 
 before been bibliographically recorded and 
 their very rarity militates against the hope 
 that we have succeeded in finding them all. 
 From the number that have been brought 
 together in the appended bibliography a few 
 general observations can be made. These is- 
 sues were the means by which there devel- 
 oped in the North a sense of righteousness 
 that turned a fratricidal slaughter into a holy 
 
 22 
 
EMANCIPATION PROCLAMATION 
 
 crusade. Framed and displayed in thousands 
 of homes and prominent places, emancipa- 
 tion became a watchword of almost hysterical 
 power and incalculable effect. Thus beyond 
 the influence of the proclamation as a prac- 
 tical war measure — which alone was sufficient 
 to turn the tide of battle and to preserve 
 the Union — it provided an ever-present re- 
 minder of the war's true justification, and 
 thus was important as a propaganda and 
 morale factor. Not only was this true with 
 regard to fighting and winning the war, but 
 also with regard to agitating public opinion 
 to the pitch necessary to pass the Thirteenth 
 Amendment which, in effect, put the procla- 
 mation into the Constitution of the United 
 States; the editions of 1865 bear this out. 
 
 The following bibliographical listing of 
 the printed editions includes those of the pre- 
 liminary proclamation issued before January 
 1, 1863 (Nos. 1-7), when it was superseded 
 and put into actual operation by the final 
 proclamation; next it lists the editions of the 
 final proclamation in chronological order as 
 they appeared between January 1, 1863 and 
 January 30, 1863 (Nos. 8-16); and, finally, it 
 lists in alphabetical order by publisher the 
 non-official separate editions that appeared 
 to December, 1865 (Nos. 17-52) when the 
 proclamation was superseded by the ratifica- 
 tion of the Thirteenth Amendment. 
 
 In compiling this bibliography strict ad- 
 herence to the above limits has necessarily 
 been observed, thus precluding enumeration 
 of many interesting later editions. Some of 
 these made their appearance as early as 1866, 
 while others have been printed in recent 
 years. One beautiful edition, for example, 
 appeared in Chicago as a poster advertising 
 a minstrel presentation of "Lincoln Freeing 
 the Slaves." Although undated, it had an 
 early look; research, however, revealed that 
 
 the show was not presented until the 1870s. 
 Also interesting are several unusual editions 
 of the words set to music; the sheets were 
 separately printed, but are of too late a date 
 for inclusion here. 
 
 Furthermore, it should be pointed out that 
 only separate editions have been recorded. 
 Thus no mention is made of the newspaper 
 editions, although many of these are curious, 
 such as the printings in the St. Croix Avis and 
 the St. Thomas Tidende in the Danish West 
 Indies. Also excluded are editions that ap- 
 peared in periodical or serial literature. Gen- 
 eral Orders, which are sometimes thought 
 of as serial publications, are more often re- 
 garded as separates and hence are included 
 in their original issues but not, of course, in 
 the numerous compiled versions. The proc- 
 lamation appeared, too, in the various con- 
 temporary editions of Lincoln's speeches and 
 writings. An especially interesting edition 
 that does not qualify for inclusion is one 
 printed in Syriac by missionaries at Osooh- 
 miah, Persia, in 1863. 
 
 The search for elusive editions has been 
 rather extensive and led through some fas- 
 cinating fields, though many of them were 
 not productive of positive results. For ex- 
 ample, the author has studied thousands of 
 varieties of patriotic envelopes, broadside 
 ballads, lithographic prints, and engravings 
 with indifferent results, although one might 
 imagine that the document would have been 
 a must for such Civil War greats as Magnus, 
 Kimmel, Berlin and Jones, Currier and Ives, 
 Prang, and Ditson. True, Currier, Darley, 
 Nast and others issued scenes representing 
 emancipation, but without the proclamation 
 text; so did Magee of Philadelphia, but with 
 only a very brief extract from the text. 
 
 Almost without exception, what is listed 
 below I have seen in the original or in photo- 
 
 23 
 
EMANCIPATION PROCLAMATION 
 
 stat. Hearsay reports and references to titles 
 that cannot be found are generally omitted; 
 one recollection of an old-timer is of an edi- 
 tion printed in red, white, and blue on an 
 American flag; and there are references to 
 others that may or may not exist. 
 
 The writer concludes his essay with the 
 observation that, while on occasion he has 
 been obliged to rely upon inference, he can 
 with absolute assurance assert that once his 
 work is in type, numerous new issues will 
 arise to haunt him. 
 
 Bibliography 
 
 KEY TO LOCATION SYMBOLS 
 
 BrMus — British Museum 
 
 CSmH — Henry E. Huntington Library 
 
 CtY — Yale University Library 
 
 DLC — Library of Congress 
 
 DNA — National Archives 
 
 DNR — Office of Naval Records and Library 
 
 GEU — Emory University Library 
 
 ICHi — Chicago Historical Society 
 
 ICN — Newberry Library 
 
 ICU — University of Chicago Library 
 
 IHi — Illinois State Historical Library 
 
 InU — Indiana University Library 
 
 InFtwL — Lincoln National Life Foundation 
 
 MB — Boston Public Library 
 
 MBAt — Boston Athenaeum 
 
 MH — Harvard University Library 
 
 MHi — Massachusetts Historical Society 
 
 MWA — American Antiquarian Society 
 
 MiU-C — William L. Clements Library 
 
 N — New York State Library 
 
 NHi — New -York Historical Society 
 
 NN — New York Public Library 
 
 NcD — Duke University Library 
 
 OClWHi — Western Reserve Historical Society 
 
 PPL — Library Company of Philadelphia 
 
 PU — University of Pennsylvania Library 
 
 RPB — Brown University Library 
 
 THaroL — Lincoln Memorial University Library 
 
 Eberstadt — Edward Eberstadt & Sons 
 
 Olson — Dr. Charles Olson 
 
 Rosenbach — The Rosenbach Company 
 
 Scribner — Charles Scribner's Sons 
 
 Starr — Thomas I. Starr 
 
 Streeter — Thomas W. Streeter 
 
 PRELIMINARY PROCLAMATION 
 (EDITIONS OF 1862) 
 
 NO. 1. ["NOTICE OF ISSUANCE"] 
 
 Notice of issuance of Proclamation emanci- 
 pating slaves in States / in rebellion on Janu- 
 ary i, 1865 [sic]. I BY THE PRESIDENT 
 OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMER- 
 ICA: / A PROCLAMATION. / I, ABRA- 
 HAM LINCOLN, President of the United 
 
 States of Amer- / ica, and Commander-in- 
 chief of the Army and Navy thereof, do / 
 hereby proclaim and declare that hereafter, 
 as heretofore, the war / [95 lines] / Done at 
 the City of Washington, this twenty-second 
 day of Sep- / tember, in the year of our Lord 
 one thousand eight hun- / dred and sixty- 
 two, and of the independence of the United / 
 States the eighty-seventh. / ABRAHAM 
 LINCOLN. / By the President: / WILLIAM 
 H. SEWARD, / Secretary of State. / 
 
 3 PP-> 7*/4 by S 3 A inches, [Washington: Gov- 
 ernment Printing Office, circa September 22, 
 1862] 
 
 [copy:] Eberstadt 
 
 First edition. This State Department edition is 
 the only official edition with a caption-title. It 
 commences with the words "Notice of issuance" 
 which, together with many other contributing 
 factors, show it to be the first printed edition. 
 The misprinted date in the caption indicates 
 the haste with which it was printed in order to 
 supply the few copies needed immediately for 
 the local press and several Government agencies. 
 Corresponds to No. 8. (See p. 317 and insert.) 
 
 NO. 2. [OFFICIAL STATE DEPARTMENT FOLIO] 
 
 [BY THEPRESIDENT OFTHE UNITED 
 STATES OF AMERICA. /A PROCLAMA- 
 TION. / [short thin rule] / I, ABRAHAM 
 LINCOLN, President of the United States 
 .../.../ Independence of the United States 
 
 24 
 
EMANCIPATION PROCLAMATION 
 
 of America the eighty-seventh. / ABRAHAM 
 LINCOLN. / By the President: / WILLIAM 
 H. SEWARD, Secretary of State. / ] 
 
 Broadside, 13I/6 by 8j4 inches, [Washington, 
 circa September 23, 1863] 
 
 [copies:] Unlocated 
 
 Second edition. I have not seen this issue, but 
 infer from the standing operating procedure ap- 
 plicable to documents of this nature that it was 
 printed. The title, as given, is conjectural and 
 can only be verified when copies come to light. 
 This edition corresponds to No. 10 (See p. 318.) 
 
 NO. 3. [CIRCULAR LETTER EDITION] 
 
 BY THE PRESIDENT OF THE UNITED 
 STATES OF AMERICA. / A PROCLA- 
 MATION. / I, ABRAHAM LINCOLN, 
 
 President of the United States of America, 
 and Commander-in-chief of the Army / and 
 Navy thereof, . . . / [61 lines] / eighty- 
 seventh. / ABRAHAM LINCOLN. / By the 
 President: / WILLIAM H. SEWARD, Sec- 
 retary of State. I 
 
 4-page folded circular letter with text of the 
 proclamation on pages 3-4, 13 by 81/4 inches, 
 [Washington: Government Printing Office, 
 circa September 25, 1862] 
 
 [copies:] CtY, DLC, DNA, MiU-C, RPB 
 
 Third edition, corresponding to No. 11. (See 
 p. 318.) 
 
 NO. 4. [GENERAL ORDERS, NO. 139] 
 
 GENERAL ORDERS, / No. 139. / WAR 
 DEPARTMENT, / ADJUTANT GEN- 
 ERAL'S OFFICE, / Washington, Sept. 24, 
 1862. / The following Proclamation by the 
 President is published for the / information 
 and government of the Army and all con- 
 
 cerned: / BY THE PRESIDENT OF THE 
 UNITED STATES OF AMERICA. / A 
 PROCLAMATION. / I, ABRAHAM LIN- 
 COLN, President of the United States of 
 America, / and Commander-in-Chief of the 
 Army and Navy thereof, do hereby I ... I 
 tember, in the year of our Lord one thousand 
 eight hundred / and sixty-two, and of the 
 independence of the United States the eighty- 
 seventh. / ABRAHAM LINCOLN. / By 
 the President: / William H. Seward, Secre- 
 tary of State. I BY ORDER OF THE SEC- 
 RETARY OF WAR: / L. THOMAS, / Ad- 
 jutant General. / OFFICIAL: / [blank] / 
 Assistant Adjutant General. / 
 
 3 pp., 7 by 4.y 6 inches, [Washington: Gov- 
 ernment Printing Office, circa September 29, 
 1862] 
 
 [copies:] CSmH, CtY, DLC, DNA, ICHi, 
 ICN, IHi, InU, InFtwL, MB, MiU-C, NHi, 
 NN, NcD, RPB, Eberstadt (4), and others. 
 
 Fourth edition. This edition has often been de- 
 scribed as the first separate appearance of the 
 preliminary proclamation just as General Or- 
 ders, No. 1 of 1863 is generally thought to be 
 the first edition of the final proclamation. The 
 fact is that General Orders of this period were 
 not printed until one to two weeks later than 
 the date they carried. (See p. 319.) 
 
 NO. 5. [UNCLE SAM EXTRA] 
 
 UNCLE SAM EXTRA. / [large flag, shield, 
 and eagle design] / [thin double rule] / 
 BOWLING GREEN, SATURDAY EVE, 
 October 4th, 1862./ [thin double rule] THE 
 ABOLITION OF SLAVERY. / [filet] / 
 President Lincoln's Proclamation. / [filet] / 
 WASHINGTON, September 22, 1862. / I, 
 ABRAHAM LINCOLN, President of the 
 United States / of America, and Commander- 
 
 25 
 
EMANCIPATION PROCLAMATION 
 
 in-Chief of the Army and Navy / [36 lines] / 
 Act making an additional article of WAR, 
 approved the 13th of / March, 1862. / 
 (Signed) ABRAHAM LINCOLN. / By the 
 President: / WM. H. SEWARD, Secretary 
 of State. / 
 
 Broadside, 14]/% by 4^4 inches, [Bowling 
 Green, October 4, 1862] 
 
 [copy:] InFtwL 
 
 Fifth edition. The extracts from the Confisca- 
 tion Act are left out as explained at the bottom 
 in the following words: " [Note. — As every one 
 is familiar with the Act of Congress refferred to, 
 we omit it, giving merely the words of the Proc- 
 lamation. — Printer.] " I have not located copies 
 of the newspaper itself to ascertain whether this 
 broadside was printed in Bowling Green, Mis- 
 souri, or Bowling Green, Kentucky. Dr. Warren 
 acquired it in Kentucky. The paper was prob- 
 ably a soldiers' publication. 
 
 NO. 6. [FORBES, J. M. (?) - BROADSIDE] 
 
 BY THE PRESIDENT OF THE UNITED 
 STATES. / [spread eagle with ribbon in 
 beak, reading:] E PLURIBUS ft / ft ft 
 UNUM ft ft I A PROCLAMATION. / I, 
 Abraham Lincoln, President of the United 
 States, and Commander-in-Chief of the Army 
 and Navy thereof, do hereby / [50 lines] 
 / and of the Independence of the United 
 States the 87th. / ABRAHAM LINCOLN. 
 / By the President: / WM. H. SEWARD, 
 SECRETARY OF STATE. / [thin double 
 rule] /SLAVERY THE CHIEF CORNER- 
 STONE. / "This stone (slavery), which was 
 rejected by the first builders, is become the 
 chief stone of the / corner in our new edifice." 
 — Speech of Alex. H. Stephens, Vice Presi- 
 dent of the Cotton Confederacy; delivered 
 March 21, 1 86 1 . / 
 
 Broadside, 8 by 6 inches, [Boston, Decem- 
 ber, 1862] 
 
 [copies:] IHi, MWA 
 
 Sixth edition. Presumably the forerunner of No. 
 7 published by Forbes and carrying at the bot- 
 tom the extract from Stephens' speech that ap- 
 pears on the back wrapper of the miniature 
 pamphlet. In this broadside edition Stephens 
 is styled "Vice President of the Cotton Con- 
 federacy," instead of "the so-called Confederate 
 States." (See Nos. 7, 14, and 15.) Some twenty 
 years ago a copy of this broadside appeared in 
 Goodspeed's Catalogue 181, item 643; the place 
 of printing is ascribed to Washington, but Bos- 
 ton is more likely. 
 
 NO. 7. [FORBES, J. M. (?) - MINIATURE 
 PAMPHLET] 
 
 [wrapper - title on light - brown paper:] 
 THE / PROCLAMATION / OF / EMAN- 
 CIPATION, / BY THE PRESIDENT / OF 
 THE / UNITED STATES, / TO TAKE 
 EFFECT /JANUARY 1st, 1863 / [enclosed 
 in thin double-rule border] [caption title:] 
 BY THE/PRESIDENT OF THE UNITED 
 STATES: / A PROCLAMATION. / 
 
 8 pp., 3 1/ 8 by 2 1/8 inches, [Boston, December, 
 1862] 
 
 [copies:] GEU, IHi, InFtwL, MHi, RPB, 
 THaroL, Eberstadt 
 
 Seventh edition. The only separate pamphlet 
 edition of the preliminary proclamation. It is 
 the last edition of 1862 and is listed by Mona- 
 ghan, No. 147. The back wrapper contains the 
 quotation from the speech by Alexander H. 
 Stephens ("Vice President of the so-called Con- 
 federate States") under the caption "SLAVERY 
 THE CHIEF CORNER-STONE." This quota- 
 tion appears, with minor variations, in Nos. 6, 
 14, and 15. The text has a number of variations 
 from the earlier official versions, but none of 
 significance. 
 
 26 
 
EMANCIPATION PROCLAMATION 
 
 This is the edition said to have been pub- 
 lished by Forbes and distributed by him in one 
 million copies [ I ] to the soldiers and Negroes. 
 The following (with certain obvious inaccura- 
 cies) appears in Letters and recollections of John 
 Murray Forbes, edited by his daughter, Sarah 
 Forbes Hughes (Boston, 1899), I, 348-349: 
 
 With the view of placing the Proclamation of 
 Emancipation in the hands of the negroes them- 
 selves, my father had 1,000,000 copies printed 
 on small slips, one and a half inches square, put 
 into packages of fifty each, and distributed 
 anions: the Northern soldiers at the front, who 
 scattered them about among the blacks, while 
 on the march. Sumner approved the idea, as will 
 be seen by the following letter: 
 
 "Washington, Xmas Day, 1862. 
 "My dear Forbes, 
 
 "Your letter of 23d was on my table when I 
 returned from an interview with the President, 
 where much had been said about the Proclama- 
 tion. He is now considering how to proclaim on 
 1st January. It will be done. He says of himself 
 that he is hard to be moved from any position 
 which he has taken. He let me know last evening 
 of his plan to employ African troops to hold the 
 Mississippi River, and also other posts in the 
 warm climates, so that our white soldiers may 
 be employed elsewhere. He seemed much in 
 earnest. 
 
 "I did not write at once on the receipt of your 
 letter of 18th December, because it found me 
 excessively occupied, and because I had been 
 already assured by the President with regard 
 to the Proclamation. I see no objection to print- 
 ing the extract from Stephens on the sheet with 
 the [Preliminary] Proclamation; and I like 
 much the idea of distributing the Proclamation 
 through the army. I have exhorted the President 
 to put into the next Proclamation some senti- 
 ment of justice and humanity. He promised at 
 once to consider it. 
 
 "Why not send to all the hospitals, camps, 
 posts? The more the better. 
 
 'Ever yours, 
 
 CHARLES SUMNER 
 
 FINAL PROCLAMATION 
 (EDITIONS PRINTED IN JANUARY, 1863) 
 
 NO. 8. [Emancipation Proclamation CAPTION-TITLE] 
 
 Emancipation Proclamation. / BY THE 
 PRESIDENT OF THE UNITED STATES 
 OF AMERICA: / A PROCLAMATION / 
 Whereas, On the twenty-second day of Sep- 
 tember, in the year / of our Lord one thou- 
 sand eight hundred and sixty-two, a Procla- / 
 mation was issued by the President of the 
 United States, contain- / ing, among other 
 things, the following, to wit: / [61 lines] / 
 In witness whereof, I have hereunto set my 
 hand and caused / the seal of the United 
 States to be affixed. / Done at the City of 
 Washington, this first day of January, / in 
 the year of our Lord one thousand eight hun 
 dred and / sixty-three, and of the independ- 
 ence of the United States / the eighty-seventh. 
 / ABRAHAM LINCOLN. / By the Presi- 
 dent: / WILLIAM H. SEWARD, / Secretary 
 of State. I 
 
 2 -page broadsheet, 7 14 by 43^ inches, [Wash- 
 ington: Government Printing Office, circa 
 January 1, 1863] 
 
 [copy:] Eberstadt 
 
 First edition. This twelvemo broadsheet, set up 
 at the Government Printing Office in type simi- 
 lar to that used for War Department General 
 Orders, is a State Department issue, signed with 
 the printed names of only Lincoln and Seward. 
 It probably was used to supply the text to the 
 local newspress and as "copy" for the official 
 folio. The heading "Emancipation Proclama- 
 tion" is unique among official issues and, like the 
 unusual heading on No. 1, was evidently used 
 for identification purposes only. Some punctua- 
 tion and capitalization have been corrected in 
 the later issues. (See p. 324 and illustration.) 
 
 27 
 
EMANCIPATION PROCLAMATION 
 
 NO. 9 [ILLINOIS STATE JOURNAL EXTRA] 
 
 STATE JOURNAL. / [thin double-rule] / 
 EXTRA. / [rule] / FRIDAY EVENING, 
 JAN. 2, 1863. / [rule] / IMPORTANT 
 FROM WASH- / INGTON. / [short rule] 
 / PROCLAMATION BY PRESIDENT 
 LINCOLN. / [short rule] / The Slaves of 
 Arkansas, Texas, Part of / Louisiana, Missis- 
 sippi, Alabama, Florida, / Georgia, South 
 Carolina, North Carolina, / and a Part of 
 Virginia, Declared Free. / [short rule] / 
 WASHINGTON, Jan. i. - Whereas, on 
 the 2 2d / [go lines in double-column] / 
 United States of America the eighty-seventh. 
 / (Signed) ABRAHAM LINCOLN. / By the 
 President: / WM. H. SEWARD, Secretary 
 of State. / 
 
 Broadside, 9 7/g by 6i/£ inches, [Springfield, 
 January 2, 1863] 
 
 [copy:] IHi 
 
 Second edition. Apparently the only separate 
 newspaper edition of the final proclamation 
 and the earliest non-official edition. Printed on 
 Friday evening, January 2, 1863, this Extra, in 
 point of chronological sequence, was preceded 
 only by the first official edition. 
 
 NO. 10. [OFFICIAL STATE DEPARTMENT FOLIO] 
 
 BY THE PRESIDENT OF THE UNITED 
 STATES OF AMERICA. / A PROCLA- 
 MATION. / [short thin rule] / WHEREAS, 
 on the twenty-second day of September; in 
 the year of our Lord one thousand / [46 
 lines] / Done at the city of Washington this 
 first day of January, in the year of our Lord 
 one / thousand eight hundred and sixty-three, 
 and of the Independence of the United States 
 of / America the eighty-seventh. / ABRA- 
 HAM LINCOLN. / By the President: / 
 
 WILLIAM H. SEWARD, Secretary of 
 State. I 
 
 Printed on first page of four-page folded sheet 
 (other three pages blank), 1314 by 83/£ inches, 
 [Washington: Government Printing Office, 
 circa January 3, 1863] 
 
 [copies:] CSmH (3), DLC (2), RPB, Rosen- 
 bach 
 
 Third edition. This is the official State Depart- 
 ment folio. Neither of the Library of Congress 
 copies has an accession date. To one of the Hunt- 
 ington copies is attached a Department of State 
 form authenticating the document; it is signed 
 by William H. Seward. Line four of this edition 
 ends: "eight hundred and" and the last line 
 reads: "America the eighty-seventh." Corres- 
 ponds to No. 2. (See p. 325.) 
 
 NO. 11. [CIRCULAR LETTER EDITION] 
 
 BY THE PRESIDENT OF THE UNITED 
 STATES OF AMERICA. /A PROCLAMA- 
 TION. / [short thin rule] / WHEREAS, on 
 the twenty-second day of September, in the 
 year of our Lord one thousand / [47 lines] / 
 Done at the city of Washington this first day 
 of January, in the year of our Lord one / 
 thousand eight hundred and sixty-three, and 
 of the Independence of the United States / 
 of America the eighty-seventh. / ABRAHAM 
 LINCOLN. / By the President: / WILLIAM 
 H. SEWARD, Secretary of State. / 
 
 Printed on third page of four-page folded 
 sheet, with Seward's circular letter dated 
 January 3, 1863 on page one, 13!/^ by 8i/£ 
 inches, [Washington: Government Printing 
 Office, circa January 5, 1863] 
 
 [copies:] DNA, MHi, MWA, Rosenbach 
 
 Fourth edition. Only the DNA copy is com- 
 plete with the circular letter. The proclamation, 
 
 28 
 
% 
 
 Whsbbas, On the 22nd day of September, in the year of our Lord, 1S62, a proclamation was issued by the 
 President of the United States, containing, among other things, the following, to wit : 
 
 "That on the lBt day of January, in the year of our Lord one thousand eight hundred and sixty three, all 
 persons held as slaves within any State, or designated part of a State, the people whereof shall then he in re- 
 bellion against the United States, shall be henceforth and forever FREE ; and the Executive Government 
 of the United States, including the Military and Naval authorities thereof, Will recognize and maintain the 
 freedom of Buch persons, and will do no aot or acts to repress suoh persons, or any of them in any effort they may 
 make for their actual freedom; that the Executive will, on the first day of January aforesaid, issue a proclamation 
 designating the States and parts Of States, if any, in which the people therein, respectively, shall then be 
 in • rebellion against the United States ; and the fact that any State, or the people thereof, shall on that day be, 
 in good faith, represented in the Congress of the United States by members chosen thereto, at elections wherein 
 n majority of the qualified voters of such States shall have participated, shall, in the absence of strong coun- 
 tervailing testimony, be deemed conclusive evidence that such State and the people thereof, are not in re- 
 bellion against the United States." 
 
 Now, therefore, I, ABRAHAM LINCOLN, PRESIDENT Of the UNITED STATES, by 
 virtue of the power in me vested as Commander-in-Chief of the Army and Navy, in a time of actual armed re- 
 bellion against the authority of the Government of the United States, as a fit and necessary war measure 
 for Suppressing said rebellion, do, on this FIRST DAY of JANUARY, in the year of our Lord ONE 
 THOUSAND I'M- 111 HUNDRED and SIXTY-THREE, and in accordance with my purpose SO 
 to dO, publicly proclaimed for the full period of one hundred days from the date of the first above mentioned 
 order, designate as the States and parts of States therein, the people whereof respectively are this day in rebellion 
 against the United States, the following, to-wit: ARKANSAS, TEXAS, LOUISIANA, except the 
 Parishes of St. Bernard, Plaquemine, Jefferson, St. John, St. Charles, St James, Ascension, Assumption, Terrebonne, 
 La Fourche, St Mary, St Martin, and Orleans, including the city of New Orleans; MISSISSIPPI, ALABA- 
 MA, FLORIDA, CEORCIA, SOUTH CAROLINA, NORTH CAROLINA, and VIRCINIA, 
 except the forty-eight countieB designated as West Virginia, and also the counties of Berkley, Accomac, Northampton, 
 Elizabeth City, York, Princess Anne, and Norfolk, including the cities of Norfolk and Portsmouth ; which excepted 
 parts are for the present left precisely as if this proclamation were not issued. And by virtue of the power and for the 
 purpose aforesaid, I DO ORDER and DECLARE, that ALL PERSONS HELD AS SLAVES 
 within designated States, and parts of States, are, and henceforward SHALL BE FREE, and that the Exec- 
 utive Government of the United States, including the military and naval authorities thereof, will recognize 
 
 and maintain the freedom of the said persons ; and I hereby enjoin upon the people so declared to be free to 
 abstain from all violence, unless in necessary Self-defence, and I recommend to them that, in all Cases where allowed, 
 they LABOR FAITHFULLY for REASONABLE WACES; and I further declare and make known that 
 
 such persons of suitable condition will be received into the armed service of the united 
 
 STATES, to GARRISON FORTS, POSITIONS, STATIONS, and other places, and to man VESSELS, 
 of all sorts in said service. 
 
 And upon this, sincerely believed to be an AN ACT OF JUSTICE, WARRANTED by the CONSTITU- 
 TION, upon military necessity, I invoke the CONSIDERATE judgment of MANKIND and the GRACIOUS 
 FAVOR of ALMICHTY COD. 
 
 J)n U'itnrSS IVhtrtOf , I have hereunto set my hand and caused the seal of the United JtattfJ, to be affixed. 
 Done at the City of Washington this first day of January, in the year of our Lord one thousand eight 
 hundred and sixty-three, and of the INDEPENDENCE of the UNITED STATES of AMERICA the 
 
 EIGHTY -SEVENTH. 
 
 (Signed) ABRAHAM LINCOLN. 
 
 By the President : 
 Wm. H. Sbwabd, Secretary of State. 
 
 llnkm rnm. art] I to loalbr tbi» PtocUmMlon, iMU Urn* •*" Id I 
 „f ifcaoirulttaaa ad laii glorify It. dfatodm. 
 
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 BUTTJ8 BLANCHAHD. Publiihsr. ML* Sail* St OhlMtja, 
 
 ..'. .-■.-,■:- ii.-.- 
 
 ..;:-,-.:. 
 
 BLANCHARD EDITION WITH FOOTNOTE (NO. 17) 
 
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 /ii„Y«f /,■■'■ >"■// 
 
 BUTLER'S SAN FRANCISCO EDITION (NO. 19) 
 
EMANCIPATION PROCLAMATION 
 
 which appears on page three, is quite similar to 
 the third edition, except for line endings. Line 
 four ends "eight hundred" and the last line 
 reads: "of America the eighty-seventh." In this 
 edition there are four hyphenated line-endings: 
 line 8, "thence-"; line 13, "desig-"; line 32, "de- 
 sig-"; and line 46, 'Constitu-". This edition has 
 51 lines of text while the third edition has 50 
 lines. This edition corresponds to No. 3. (See 
 
 P- 325-) 
 
 NO. 12. [GENERAL ORDERS, NO. 1] 
 
 GENERAL ORDERS, / NO. 1. / WAR 
 DEPARTMENT, / ADJUTANT GEN- 
 ERAL'S OFFICE, / Washington, January 2, 
 1863. / The following Proclamation by the 
 President is published for the / information 
 and government of the Army and all con- 
 cerned: / BY THE PRESIDENT OF THE 
 UNITED STATES OF AMERICA. / A 
 PROCLAMATION. / WHEREAS, on the 
 twenty-second day of September, in the year 
 of / . . . / Done at the city of Washington this 
 first day of January, in the year / of our Lord 
 one thousand eight hundred and sixty-three, 
 and / of the Independence of the United 
 States of America the / eighty-seventh. / 
 ABRAHAM LINCOLN. / By the President: 
 / WILLIAM H. SEWARD, Secretary of 
 State. I BY ORDER OF THE SECRETARY 
 OF WAR: / L. THOMAS, / Adjutant Gen- 
 eral. I OFFICIAL: [blank space] I Assistant 
 Adjutant General. / 
 
 3 pp., 63^ by \\/ 2 inches (or less, depending 
 on how closely trimmed), [Washington: Gov- 
 ernment Printing Office, circa January 7, 
 1863] 
 
 [copies:] CSmH, DLC, DNA, IHi, ICHi, 
 InU, InFtwL, MHi, MB, MBAt, MiU-C (2), 
 N, NN, RPB, Eberstadt (5), Starr, Scribner 
 (2), Streeter, and others. 
 
 Fifth edition. Until the present writing, this edi- 
 tion has generally been regarded as the first. It 
 corresponds to No. 4. (See p. 325.) 
 
 NO. 13. [NAVY GENERAL ORDER, NO. 4] 
 
 GENERAL ORDER, / No. 4 / NAVY DE- 
 PARTMENT, / January 14, 1863. / The 
 following Proclamation of the President is 
 published for the / information and govern- 
 ment of the officers and others of the Naval / 
 Service. / GIDEON WELLES, / Secretary 
 of the Navy, [rule] / BY THE PRESIDENT 
 OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMER- 
 ICA. / A PROCLAMATION. / WHERE- 
 AS, on the twenty-second day of September 
 in the year of / [63 lines] / eighty-seventh. / 
 ABRAHAM LINCOLN. /By the President: 
 / WILLIAM H. SEWARD, Secretary of 
 State. / 
 
 2 pp., 73^ by 45/ 8 inches, [Washington: Gov- 
 ernment Printing Office, circa January 17, 
 1863] 
 
 [copies: ] DLC (2), DNA, DNR, IHi, MiU-C, 
 NN, NcD, RPB 
 
 Sixth edition. No corresponding edition of the 
 preliminary proclamation appeared. (See p. 
 327-) 
 
 NO. 14. [FORBES, J. M. (?) - BROADSIDE] 
 
 BY THE PRESIDENT OF THE UNITED 
 STATES: / [eagle-and-flag design] / A 
 PROCLAMATION. / [filet] / I, ABRA- 
 HAM LINCOLN, President of the United 
 States of America, and Commander-in-Chief 
 of the Army and Navy thereof, do hereby / 
 [72 lines, including both the preliminary 
 and final proclamations, separated by a filet] 
 / (Signed) [printed name:] ABRAHAM 
 
 31 
 
EMANCIPATION PROCLAMATION 
 
 LINCOLN. / By the President. / WM. H. 
 SEWARD, SECRETARY OF STATE. / 
 [long doublerule] SLAVERY, THECHIEF 
 CORNER-STONE. / "This stone, (Slavery,) 
 which was rejected by the first builders, is 
 become the chief / stone of the corner in our 
 new edifice. — Speech of Alex H. Stephens, 
 Vice President of the so-called Confederate 
 States; delivered March 21, 1861. / 
 
 Broadside, i6i/£ by io5/£ inches (including 
 margins), [Boston, circa January 20, 1863] 
 
 [copies: ] CSmH (2), InU, MB, RPB 
 
 Seventh edition. Corresponds to No. 6, but in- 
 cludes the text of both proclamations. Carries 
 the Stephens quotation that appeared on No. 
 6 and on the Forbes miniature pamphlet edi- 
 tions (Nos. 7 and 15). The quotation in this case 
 has no closing quotation marks; has a capital 
 "S" in "Slavery"; and the date "1861" rather 
 than '"61." 
 
 NO. 15. [FORBES, J. M. (?) - MINIATURE 
 PAMPHLET] 
 
 [wrapper-title on light-brown paper :] PROC- 
 LAMATION / of / EMANCIPATION by 
 the / President of the United States, / JANU- 
 ARY 1st, 1863. / [short thin rule] / SLAV- 
 ERY THE CHIEF CORNER-STONE. / 
 "This stone (slavery,) which was / rejected 
 by the first builders, is be- / come the chief 
 stone of the corner in / our new edifice." — 
 Speech of Alex. H. / Stevens, Vice President 
 of the so called / Confederate States, deliv- 
 ered March 31, '61. / [entire title enclosed 
 within thin double-rule border] [caption- 
 title:] BY THE PRESIDENT / OF THE 
 UNITED STATES OF AMERICA: / A 
 PROCLAMATION. / 
 
 8 pp., title on paper wrappers, 3^ by 214 
 inches, [Boston, circa January 20, 1863] 
 
 [copies:] CSmH, IHi, MHi 
 
 Eighth edition. Monaghan 235. The quotation 
 on the front wrapper appears on the back wrap- 
 per of the comparable miniature pamphlet edi- 
 tion of the preliminary proclamation (No. 7). 
 On the back wrapper of this present edition is 
 Jackson's proclamation "To the Free Colored 
 Inhabitants of Louisiana,'" Sept. 21, 1814. 
 
 This edition appears to be from the same 
 press as No. 7, with similar light-brown paper 
 wrappers, and was probably published by John 
 Murray Forbes who had enlisted the support of 
 Gov. Andrew in obtaining distribution. (See 
 p. 328.) 
 
 NO. 16. [GENERAL ORDERS NO. 12] 
 
 Promulgating the Emancipation Proclama- 
 tion. / GENERAL ORDERS / NO. 12. / 
 HEADQUARTERS, DEPARTMENT OF 
 THE GULF, / New Orleans, January 29, 
 
 1 862 [ 1 863 ] . / The Proclamation of the Presi- 
 dent of the United States, dated January 1, 
 
 1863 I ... I [short rule, proclamation text on 
 pp. 2-3:] BY THE PRESIDENT OF THE 
 UNITED STATES. / A PROCLAMA- 
 TION. / WHEREAS, on the 22d day of 
 September, in the year of our Lord one thou- 
 sand / [54 lines] / of the United States the 
 eighty-seventh. / [L.S.] ABRAHAM LIN- 
 COLN. / By the President: / WILLIAM H. 
 SEWARD, Secretary of State. / 
 
 4 pp. (proclamation on pages 2 and 3, page 
 4 blank), ismo, [New Orleans, circa Janu- 
 ary 30, 1863] 
 
 [copies:] CsmH, DNA, InFtwL. MB, RPB 
 
 Ninth edition. The only printing of the procla- 
 mation "in the field." (See p. 328.) 
 
 32 
 
EMANCIPATION PROCLAMATION 
 
 FINAL PROCLAMATION 
 (FEBRUARY, 1863 - DECEMBER, 1865) 
 
 NO. 17. [BLANCHARD, RUFUS - WITH 
 FOOTNOTE] 
 
 EMANCIPATION / PROCLAMATION. 
 / WHEREAS, On the 22nd day of Septem- 
 ber, A.D. 1862, a proclamation was issued by 
 the President of the / United States, contain- 
 ing, among other things, the following, to 
 wit: / [41 lines] EIGHTY-SEVENTH. / 
 (Signed) ABRAHAM LINCOLN. / By the 
 President: / WM. H. SEWARD, Secretary of 
 State. / [thin double rule] / [seven lines of 
 antislavery propaganda printed in about 4- 
 point type and signed:] RUFUS BLANCH- 
 ARD, Publisher, 52 La Salle St. Chicago, 111. / 
 
 Broadside, 141/^ by ioi/£ inches (to outside of 
 114-inch border), [Chicago, circa 1864] 
 
 [copies:] CsmH, DLC, IHi, InU, MiU-C, 
 RPB, THaroL, Eberstadt 
 
 The type is a conglomerate mixture of every 
 font in the composing room. The background is 
 tinted light green (or, in a variant, blue) with 
 white stars, while the border of roses and oak 
 leaves is tinted red and green. The THaroL 
 copy is a further variant, without the stars in 
 the background, and with the first line of text 
 ending "issued by the" instead of "issued by the 
 President of the "; otherwise it is the same. (See 
 illustration.) 
 
 NO. 18. [BLANCHARD, RUFUS - WITH 
 VIGNETTES] 
 
 PROCLAMATION / OF / EMANCIPA- 
 TION / [same as above, but on thin paper 
 and, incorporated in the tinted floriated bor- 
 der, the motto:] National / Freedom / For- 
 ever. / 
 
 Broadside, 163^ by 1334 inches (including 
 margins), [Chicago, circa 1864] 
 
 [copies:] IHi, MiU-C 
 
 The heading differs from the foregoing and 
 Blanchard's footnote is omitted. This edition 
 has a light blue background with white stars, 
 and some added vignettes at the bottom. 
 
 NO. 19. [BUTLER, F. S.] 
 
 President / Lincoln's / [American flag in 
 colors] / Emancipation / Proclamation. / I 
 Abraham Lincoln, / President of the United 
 States, / by virtue of the power in me vested / 
 as Commander in Chief of the Army and / 
 Navy of the United States, in time of / actual 
 armed rebellion against the authority / and 
 government of the United States . . . / [21 
 lines] / and upon this, sincerely believed to 
 be an act of justice, warranted by the Con- 
 stitution, / upon military necessity, I invoke 
 the considerate judgement of mankind and 
 the gracious favor of / Almighty God / Exe- 
 cuted and published by F. S. Butler, 1864. / 
 Aged 14 years. / Printed by L. Nagel. / En- 
 tered . . . the year 1864, by F. S. Butler, in the 
 . . . Northern District of California. / 
 
 Broadside, 27 by 20i/g inches (including mar- 
 gins), [San Francisco: Nagel, 1864] 
 
 [copies:] NHi, NN, Eberstadt 
 
 A copy that appeared at public auction in 1930 
 (now unlocated) bears the autograph signature 
 of Abraham Lincoln; it sold for $3,100 at the 
 American Art Association, February 25-26, 1 930, 
 being item 226 in the catalogue, where it is illus- 
 trated. Another unlocated copy is one sold re- 
 cently by Rosenbach. This is a very handsome 
 lithograph, and it seems almost incredible that 
 it could have been executed by a fourteen-year- 
 old boy. Benjamin F. Butler, who was a Califor- 
 nia pioneer of 1849 an d established the first 
 lithographing plant on the West Coast, may 
 have been the boy's father. The essential por- 
 tions of the text are arranged in a most effective 
 
 33 
 
EMANCIPATION PROCLAMATION 
 
 manner. NHi has, besides its original copy, an 
 early photograph of this edition, measuring 6^3 
 by 5 1/8 inches. (See illustration.) 
 
 NO. 20. [De FOREST, RICHARD] 
 
 Proclamation of Freedom. / [heavy rule] / 
 BY THE PRESIDENT OF THE UNITED 
 STATES. / [heavy rule] / WHEREAS, On 
 the twenty-second day of Septem- / [81 lines 
 in double-column] / of the United States of 
 America the eighty- / seventh. / ABRAHAM 
 LINCOLN. /By the President -WILLIAM 
 H. SEWARD, / Secretary of State. / [thin 
 line] / PUBLISHED BY RICHARD De 
 FOREST. / Printed by Edward R. Fiske, 
 Foster Street, Worcester, Mass. / 
 
 Broadside, i6i/£ by 12 inches (including mar- 
 gins), [Worcester: Fiske, circa 1863] 
 
 [copy:] THaroL 
 
 Enclosed within pink-tinted borders of orna- 
 mental type, below which appears the imprint. 
 
 NO. 21. [DIMMICK, R. A.] 
 
 PROCLAMATION OF EMANCIPA- 
 TION / [in streamers surrounded by eagle, 
 flags, portrait of Lincoln, and dates 1861 and 
 1863] / By the President of the United States 
 of America. / Whereas, On the Twenty- 
 Second day of September, in the year of our 
 Lord one thousand eight hundred and sixty- 
 two, a Proclamation was / issued by the Presi- 
 dent of the United States, containing, among 
 other things the following, to wit: / [30 lines] 
 / pendence of the United States the eighty- 
 seventh. I [facsimile signature:] A. Lincoln 
 / By the President. / [facsimile signature:] 
 William H. Seward / Secretary of State. / 
 
 tinted margin), [New York: C. A. Alvord, 
 printer, 1864] 
 
 [copies:] CsmH, DLC, IHi, MB, MH(2), 
 MWA, MiU-C, NHi, NN(2), OClWHi, PPL, 
 RPB 
 
 Copyrighted by R. A. Dimmick in New York, 
 1864; W. Roberts, Del. sc. The DLC copy has a 
 copyright stamp dated 27 Oct 1864. The text is 
 mostly script with a liberal admixture of caps, 
 caps and small caps, boldface, black letter, etc. 
 The bottom has a view of Fort Sumter in flames 
 while six more scenes ornament the left and 
 right borders. Those at the left portray slavery (a 
 whipping scene, an auction scene, and a blood- 
 hound scene) and those at the right portray free- 
 dom (an agricultural scene, a school scene, and 
 a steamboat scene). Another issue of this pic- 
 torial edition is listed under John Foster. The 
 work was reproduced in the New York Satur- 
 day Evening Mail, February 6, 1909. 
 
 NO. 22. [FOSTER, JOHN] 
 
 PROCLAMATION OF EMANCIPA- 
 TION [in streamers surrounded by eagle, 
 flags, portrait of Lincoln, and dates 1861 and 
 1 863 ] / By the President of the United States 
 of America. / Whereas, On the Twenty- 
 Second day of September, in the year of our 
 Lord one thousand eight hundred and sixty- 
 two, a Proclamation was / issued by the Presi- 
 dent of the United States, containing, among 
 other things the following, to wit: / [30 lines] 
 / pendence of the United States the eighty- 
 seventh. I [facsimile signature: ] A. Lincoln 
 / By the President. / [facsimile signature:] 
 William H. Seward / Secretary of State, j 
 
 Broadside, 231/^ by 173^ inches (including 
 margins) [New York: C. A. Alvord, printer, 
 1865] 
 
 Broadside, 2 2 14 by 1714 inches (to end of [copy:] DLC 
 
 34 
 
EMANCIPATION PROCLAMATION 
 
 This is identical with the 1864 edition of R. A. 
 Dimmick (No. 2 1) except that it is not tinted, is 
 copyrighted 1865 rather than 1864, and the copy- 
 right is in the name of John Foster instead of 
 R. A. Dimmick. 
 
 NO. 23. [HAYNES, A. J.] 
 
 THE GREAT EVENT OF THE AGE! / 
 NEGRO EMANCIPATION PROCLAIM- 
 ED! / [filet] / WASHINGTON, JANU- 
 ARY 1, 1863. / BY THE PRESIDENT OF 
 THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA. / 
 A PROCLAMATION. / Whereas, on the 
 2 2d day of September, in the year of our 
 Lord 1862, a Proclamation was issued by the 
 President / [35 lines] / and sixty-three, and 
 of the Independence of the United States 
 of America the eighty-seventh. / (Signed) 
 ABRAHAM LINCOLN. / By the President. 
 / WILLIAM H. SEWARD. Secretary of 
 State. / 
 
 Broadside, iai/£ by 83/ 8 inches (to outside of 
 ornamental border), [Newburyport, circa 
 1864] 
 
 [copy:] InFtwL 
 
 At the bottom, but inside the border, is the fol- 
 lowing: "Published and Sold by A. J. Haynes, at 
 the Periodical and Variety Store, 55 State St., 
 Newburyport." 
 
 NO. 24. [KIDDER, A. - CHICAGO, 
 1863 MINIATURE] 
 
 PROCLAMATION OF EMANCIPA- 
 TION / NOW THERE / FORE 1/ ABRA- 
 HAM / [Lincoln portrait in center medal- 
 lion] / LINCOLN / PRESIDENT OF 
 THE UNITED STATES / BY / VIRTUE 
 OF THE POWER / IN ME VESTED 
 AS / COMMANDER-IN-CHIEF OF THE 
 ARMY AND NAVY / in a time of actual 
 
 armed Rebellion against the authority of the 
 Government of the Uni- / ted States as a fit 
 and necessary WAR MEASURE for suppres- 
 sing said / [29 lines] / -three, and of the In- 
 dependence of the United States of America 
 the eighty seventh. / [facsimile signature:] 
 A. Lincoln. / Entered according to act of 
 Congress in the year 1863 by A. Kidder in 
 the . . . northern district of Illinois. / 
 
 Broadside, 3 14 by 2 1/3 inches (including mar- 
 gins), [Chicago, 1863] 
 
 [copy:] InFtwL 
 
 This is the first Kidder engraved miniature edi- 
 tion, similar to that printed in New York, 1864 
 but without ornamental border, with different 
 line endings, and slightly smaller. A. Kidder 
 wrote to Lincoln on January 6, 1864 enclosing 
 a copy. 
 
 NO. 25. [KIDDER, A. - N. Y., 1864 MINIATURE] 
 
 PROCLAMATION OF EMANCIPA- 
 TION / NOW THERE / FORE I / ABRA- 
 HAM / [Lincoln portrait in center medal- 
 lion] / LINCOLN / PRESIDENT OF 
 THE UNITED STATES / BY / VIRTUE 
 OF THE POWER / IN ME VESTED 
 AS / COMMANDER IN CHIEF OF THE 
 ARMY AND NAVY / in a time of actual 
 armed Rebellion against the authority of the 
 Government of / the United States as a fit 
 and necessary WAR MEASURE for suppres- 
 sing / [32 lines] / of the United States of 
 America the eighty seventh. / [facsimile sig- 
 nature:] A. Lincoln. / 
 
 Broadside, 3% by 234 inches (to outside of 
 ornamental border), [New York: A. L. 
 Lewis, 609 Broadway, 1864] 
 
 [copies:] CSmH, InFtwL, NN, RPB (4), 
 Eberstadt 
 
 35 
 
EMANCIPATION PROCLAMATION 
 
 Copyright by Kidder in the Southern District 
 of New York in 1864. This is a beautiful en- 
 graved miniature, hot-pressed on cardboard. 
 The portrait is especially fine; it measures 5/ 8 by 
 1/2 inch. The RPB copies are struck from the 
 same plate but each is on a different variety of 
 paper, one on a heavy card and another on what 
 seems to be proof-paper. This edition was fac- 
 similed in The New Voice, vol. XVI, no. 32, 
 New York, August 12, 1899. 
 
 NO. 26. [KIDDER, A. - CHICAGO, 1864 ENGR.] 
 
 Proclamation of / [eagle] / EMANCIPA- 
 TION / Whereas On the 22d day of Septem- 
 ber in the year of our Lord 1862 a PROCLA- 
 MATION was issued by the / PRESIDENT 
 OF THE UNITED STATES / containing 
 among other things the following, to wit: ... / 
 [32 lines] / INDEPENDENCE of the United 
 of America the eighty seventh. / [facsimile 
 signature:] A. Lincoln. / Lith & printed by 
 Chas. Shober Cor. Clark & Lake St Chicago / 
 Entered ... by A. Kidder in the . . . Northern 
 District of Illinois. / Designed & executed by 
 A. Kidder / 
 
 Broadside, 22 by 18 1/ 2 inches (including mar- 
 gins), [Chicago: Shober, 1864] 
 
 [copies:] DLC, InFtwL, NHi 
 
 The DLC copy has a library stamp giving copy- 
 right date as 17 Aug 1864, but a manuscript note 
 "Filed Dec. 23, 1863." No ornamental border; 
 the portrait shows a receding hairline extending 
 to the back of the head. This issue does not 
 give Kidder's New York and Chicago addresses. 
 There are four vignettes in addition to the por- 
 trait and the eagle. 
 
 N. Y. 86 Dearborn St. Chicago. Lith. & 
 printed by Chas. Shober Cor. Clark and Lake 
 St. Chicago. Entered ... by A. Kidder in the 
 . . . Northern District of Illinois. A. Lincoln. / 
 
 Broadside, 22 by 18 inches (including mar- 
 gins), [Chicago: Shober, 1864] 
 
 [copies:] CSmH, IHi, NN, Streeter 
 
 The date is not given in the copyright of this 
 lithographed edition or in the preceding. The 
 text is mainly in script. There are six vignette 
 illustrations including a portrait of Lincoln in 
 an oval frame. The portrait shows a receding 
 hairline. 
 
 NO. 28. [KIDDER, A. - N. Y., 1864 ENGR.] 
 
 . The same as the foregoing except 
 
 that the portrait has a horizontal hairline 
 and bushy eyebrows, and the bottom reads: 
 "Entered ... in the year 1864 by A. Kidder 
 in the . . . Southern District of New York. / 
 The Original picture of which this is an en- 
 graved copy was designed and executed with 
 a common pen and presented to Abraham 
 Lincoln, President of the U. S. by A. Kidder, 
 Publisher Office, 483 Broadway N. Y. & 86 
 Dearborn St. Chicago, 111." 
 
 Broadside, 28 by 19 inches (including mar- 
 gins), [New York, 1864] 
 
 [copies:] DLC, RPB 
 
 Although the portrait in this engraved edition 
 has been changed from the foregoing, the vign- 
 ettes are the same and the facsimile signature 
 remains. The DLC copy has a stamp dated 28 
 Apr 1864. 
 
 NO. 27. [KIDDER, A. - CHICAGO, 1864 LITHO.] 
 
 Proclamation of / [eagle] / EMANCIPA- 
 TION / [36 lines] / Designed & executed by 
 A. Kidder Publisher Office 429 Broadway 
 
 NO. 29. [KIDDER, A. - CHICAGO, 1865 ENGR.] 
 
 . The same as the foregoing except 
 
 that the four vignettes have been changed, 
 the facsimile signature has been omitted, and 
 
 36 
 
EMANCIPATION PROCLAMATION 
 
 the bottom reads: "Entered ... in the year 
 1865 by A. Kidder in the . . . Northern Dis- 
 trict of Illinois. / The Original picture of 
 which this is an engraved copy was designed 
 and executed with a common pen and pre- 
 sented to Abraham Lincoln, President of the 
 U. S. by A. Kidder, Publisher Office, 483 
 Broadway N.Y. & 98 Washington St. Chicago, 
 Illinois." 
 
 Broadside, 22 by 18 inches (including mar- 
 gins), [Chicago, 1865] 
 
 [copies:] DLC, InFtwL 
 
 The Chicago address of the publisher is different 
 in this edition, as are the vignettes. The DLC 
 copy has a copyright stamp dated Nov 22 1865. 
 
 NO. 30. [LELAND-BOKER PROOFS] 
 
 PROCLAMATION OF EMANCIPA- 
 TION / BY THE PRESIDENT OF THE 
 UNITED STATES OF AMERICA. / 
 
 Whereas, On the Twenty-Second day of Sep- 
 tember, in the year of our Lord one thou- / 
 sand eight hundred and sixty-two, a Proc- 
 lamation was issued by the President of the 
 United / States, containing, among other 
 things, the following, to wit: / [46 lines] / 
 Done at the CITY OF WASHINGTON, 
 this first day of January, in the year of our / 
 Lord one thousand eight hundred and sixty- 
 three, and the Indepen- / dence of the United 
 States the eighty-seventh. / By the President. 
 I [blank space] Secretary of State. / 
 
 Broadside, 18I/2 by ii3/£ inches (including 
 margins), [Philadelphia: Leypoldt, circa 
 May 15, 1864] 
 
 [copy:] PU 
 
 This is the second of three proofs pulled for the 
 Leland-Boker first edition. The first line of the 
 
 caption-title is in bold sans-serif type. The proof- 
 reader has marked this line: "Keep the old head- 
 ing on the 1st proof," indicating that there had 
 been an earlier proof which has not come to 
 light. All other proof-reader's marks are for 
 wider spacing except for two: one of these calls 
 attention to a piece of lead to be removed and 
 the other calls for a filet to be inserted between 
 the caption title and the text. These corrections 
 were made on the third proof which has the 
 heading in Gothic letter and is identical with 
 the final printing of the first edition except that 
 it is on ordinary coarse paper and marked 
 "Proof." The only known copy of this third 
 proof is also in PU. These proofs were described 
 by John E. Alden in The Library Chronicle (vol. 
 XIV, no. 1) of the Friends of the University of 
 Pennsylvania Library. 
 
 NO. 31. [LELAND-BOKER FIRST EDITION] 
 
 Proclamation of Emancipation / BY THE 
 PRESIDENT OF THE UNITED STATES 
 OF AMERICA. / [filet] / Whereas, On the 
 Twenty-Second day of September, in the 
 year of our Lord one thou- / sand eight hun- 
 dred and sixty-two, a Proclamation was is- 
 sued by the President of the United / States, 
 containing, among other things the follow- 
 ing, to wit: / [48 lines] / dence of the United 
 States the eighty-seventh. / By the President. 
 I [blank space] / Secretary of State. / 
 
 Broadside, 171^ by 1 1 inches (including mar- 
 gins), [Philadelphia: Leypoldt, circa May 
 20, 1864] 
 
 [copies:] IHi, InU, MiU-C, RPB, Eberstadt 
 
 (2), Scribner(2),Streeter; Duschnesand New- 
 man have sold copies. 
 
 This is the first edition of the much-discussed 
 Leland-Boker project; it has been variously 
 called the "rejected edition" and the "trial is- 
 sue." It was the subject of an article by Ran- 
 dolph G. Adams in the Rosenbach birthday 
 volume, To Dr. R. (Philadelphia, 1946) and 
 
 37 
 
EMANCIPATION PROCLAMATION 
 
 has been reproduced along with the Leland- 
 Boker autographed edition in The Quarto, no. 
 13, Jany., 1947. Both of these editions were ex- 
 hibited by the Grolier Club in One Hundred 
 Influential American Books. 
 
 In the Leland papers at the Historical Society 
 of Pennsylvania, John E. Alden has discovered 
 the original bill of Frederick Leypoldt indicat- 
 ing that twenty-four copies of this edition were 
 printed on May 20, 1864 and forty-eight copies 
 of the autographed edition (see next item) were 
 printed on June 6, 1864. Because of the small 
 number printed, this is one of the more "collect- 
 ible" of contemporary editions. Of the twenty- 
 four copies, twelve evidently went to Boker, but 
 have been lost or destroyed. Leland's twelve 
 copies came to light several years ago, all of them 
 printed on fine Whatman paper, and some of 
 them showing a "WHATMAN, 1861" water- 
 mark. 
 
 Textually the two Leland-Boker editions show 
 two major differences: the first edition has "City 
 of Orleans" instead of "City of New Orleans" 
 and "In testimony whereof I have hereunto set 
 my name" instead of "In witness whereof I have 
 hereunto set my hand." (For the origin of this 
 latter variation see page 322.) Typographically 
 the differences are numerous, the present edi- 
 tion making free use of ornamental type-faces in 
 all-caps for emphasis. (See illustration.) 
 
 NO. 32. [LELAND-BOKER AUTOGRAPHED 
 EDITION] 
 
 BY THE PRESIDENT OF THE UNITED 
 STATES OF AMERICA. / A Proclamation. 
 
 / [filet] . / Whereas, on the twenty-second day 
 of September, in the year of our Lord one 
 thou- / sand eight hundred and sixty-two, a 
 proclamation was issued by the President of 
 the United / States, containing, among other 
 things, the following, to wit: / [48 lines] / 
 dence of the United States of America the 
 eighty-seventh. / By the President: / [signed: ] 
 Abraham Lincoln / [signed:] William H. 
 Seward / Secretary of State. / A true copy, 
 with the autograph signatures of the Presi- 
 
 dent and the Secretary of State. / [signed:] 
 Jno. G. Nicolay / Priv. Sec. to the President. / 
 
 Broadside, 22 by 171^ inches (including mar- 
 gins), [Philadelphia: Leypoldt, circa June 
 6, 1864] 
 
 [copies:] BrMus, CsmH(2), DLC, DNA, 
 ICU, IHi, NHi, Olson; copies have been sold 
 at auction in the Lambert Sale in 1914 and 
 the Hearst Sale in 1938; Goodspeed, New- 
 man, Stites, Rosenbach, and other dealers 
 have handled copies. 
 
 This edition was printed in forty-eight copies 
 which were signed by Lincoln, Seward, and 
 Nicolay and offered for sale at $10 each at the 
 Great Central Sanitary Fair in Philadelphia, 
 June 7-29, 1864. The fair attracted more than 
 one hundred thousand visitors who spent more 
 than one million dollars, yet not all copies of 
 this souvenir edition were sold. Of the remain- 
 ing copies, a few were presented to libraries, 
 and five others were sold for the benefit of the 
 Sanitary Commission (contemporary counter- 
 part of the Red Cross) at the National Sailors 
 Fair (November 9-19, 1864) in Boston. Concern- 
 ing the Boston copies Oliver Wendell Holmes 
 wrote from that city under date November 14, 
 1864 to the Rev. William Henry Furness in 
 Philadelphia: 
 
 Leland (Charles G.) has proven himself a trump 
 (excuse the profane allusion to cards — I forgot.) 
 He has sent nice little paragraphs [,] a capital 
 poem and today some autograph emancipation 
 proclamations . . . [Original in PU.] 
 
 In The Boatswain's Whistle, published at the 
 Fair, for Thursday, November 17th, 1864, no. 
 8, p. 60, col. 3, the following appears: 
 
 Five copies of President Lincoln's Emancipation 
 Proclamation, received from Washington, at 
 the table of Mrs. Henry A. Wise, have the fol- 
 lowing certificate appended thereto: 
 
 "This copy of the Proclamation of Emancipa- 
 tion was printed under the direction of George 
 H. Boker and Charles Godfrey Leland, after a 
 
 38 
 
EMANCIPATION PROCLAMATION 
 
 proof corrected for the especial purpose at the 
 State Department in Washington. It was signed 
 by the President and others, that it might be 
 disposed of for the benefit of those who are now 
 fighting for their country. 
 
 "Charles Godfrey Leland. 
 "Philadelphia, Nov. 11, 1864." 
 
 The text conforms closely to those of the early 
 official editions but is readily distinguishable 
 by Nicolay's attestation, by the black-letter type 
 used for "Whereas" and "Now Therefore," and 
 the Gothic title "A Proclamation" in upper and 
 lower case; close examination reveals numerous 
 other minor variations. 
 
 NO. 33. [MARTIN AND JUDSON] 
 
 [Spread eagle] / EMANCIPATION / [fig- 
 ures of Justice and Liberty centered between 
 a slavery scene at left and freedom scene at 
 right] / [in oval border:] Proclamation / 
 Whereas on the 2 2d day of September in the 
 year of our Lord 1862 a Proclamation was 
 issued / [39 lines] / United States of Amer- 
 ica the eighty seventh. / [facsimile signa- 
 ture:] A Lincoln / [centered between flags 
 is a portrait of Lincoln, beneath which is a 
 scene titled "Give thanks all ye people, give 
 thanks to the Lord!"] / Del., lith. and print, 
 by L. Lipman, Milwaukee, Wis. / Entered 
 according to Act of Congress in the year 1 864 
 by S. W. Martin & N. P. Judson, in the . . . 
 District of Wisconsin. / Published & Sold by 
 Martin and Judson, Madison, Wis. / 
 
 Broadside, 263^ by 203^ inches (including 
 margins), [Milwaukee: Lipman, 1864] 
 
 [copies:] InFtwL, Eberstadt 
 
 A highly spirited Western edition embellished 
 with four large slave scenes lithographed at the 
 left and four freedom scenes at the right. (See 
 illustration.) 
 
 NO. 34. [MENDEL - VERTICAL - LINCOLN 
 PHOTOGRAPH] 
 
 Facsimile / of the / Emancipation Proclama- 
 tion / [follows letter of transmittal from Lin- 
 coln to the Ladies in charge of the Chicago 
 Fair; beneath which, at the left is a medallion 
 containing a photograph of Lincoln, lettered 
 "Photo, by Wenderoth & Taylor, Philadel- 
 phia." At the right is a figure of Liberty with 
 flag.] The Soldiers' Home. / Let Loyal 
 Hearts / and Willing Hands / Cherish, Com- 
 fort and Care, / for my / Wounded Heroes. / 
 By the President of the United States of 
 America: / A Proclamation. / Whereas, on 
 the twenty second day of September, in the / 
 year of our Lord one thousand eight hun- 
 dred and / sixty two, a proclamation was is- 
 sued by the President / of the United States, 
 containing, among other things, the / follow- 
 ing, to wit: / [13-line printed clipping from 
 the "Circular" edition of the preliminary 
 proclamation; 49-line manuscript in Lin- 
 coln's hand] / In witness whereof, I have 
 hereunto set my / hand and caused the seal 
 of the United States / to be affixed. / Done 
 at the city of Washington, this first day of / 
 January in the year of our Lord one thou- 
 sand / eight hundred and sixty three, and 
 of the / Independence of the United States / 
 of America the eighty-seventh. / [facsimile 
 signature:] Abraham Lincoln / By the Presi- 
 dent; / [facsimile signature:] William H. 
 Seward, / Secretary of State / Every genuine 
 copy has the Proclamation / seal attached 
 immediately hereunder. / [embossed steel 
 handstamp: "Emancipation Proclamation"" 
 / I hereby certify that the above is an exact 
 facsimile of the original manuscript of the 
 Emancipation Proclamation . . . Thos B. 
 Bryan, President of the Soldiers' Home, 
 Chicago, Illinois. / [Countersigned:] Henry 
 W. Bellows, President U. S. Sanitary Com- 
 
 39 
 
EMANCIPATION PROCLAMATION 
 
 mission. / Published and lithographed by 
 Ed. Mendel, Chicago. Entered according to 
 Act of Congress in the year 1863 by Thos. 
 B. Bryan, in the . . . Northern District of 
 Illinois. / 
 
 Broadside, 29 by 23 inches (within borders), 
 [Chicago: Mendel, 1863] 
 
 [copies:] DLC, InFtwL, MWA, Eberstadt 
 
 On January 7, 1864 Thomas B. Bryan wrote to 
 Lincoln forwarding the first two "lithograph 
 facsimiles of your proclamation of Freedom." 
 (See illustration.) 
 
 NO. 35. [MENDEL - VERTICAL 
 LITHOGRAPH] 
 
 LINCOLN 
 
 . The same as the foregoing except 
 
 that the medallion in the upper left is a 
 lithographic rather than photographic por- 
 trait of Lincoln (the picture measuring 2 34 
 by 214 inches). 
 
 Broadside, 29 by 23 inches (within borders), 
 [Chicago: Mendel, 1863] 
 
 [copies:] DLC, IHi, ICHi, MH, RPB 
 
 The RPB copy does not have Bellows' counter- 
 signature, which is also omitted from the edi- 
 tion laid out horizontally (No. 36). 
 
 NO. 36. [MENDEL - HORIZONTAL] 
 
 Facsimile of the Emancipation Proclamation. 
 / [similar to above except that the letter of 
 transmittal is at the left and the arrangement 
 is horizontal rather than vertical] / . . . / I 
 hereby certify that the following is an exact 
 Fac-Simile of the Original Manuscript Proc- 
 lamation of Freedom. / [The imprint is the 
 same as above, but without Bellows' counter- 
 signature.] 
 
 Broadside, 18^ by S 0l A mcn es (within bor- 
 ders), [Chicago: Mendel, 1863] 
 
 [copies:] DLC, ICHi, InFtwL, MiU-C, Starr 
 
 A manuscript note on the DLC copy reads: 
 "Filed Dec. 30, 1863" and there is a stamp: 
 "Copyright 17 Aug 64." 
 
 NO. 37. [MOSS, CHARLES M.] 
 
 PROCLAMATION OF FREEDOM. / 
 
 [decorative filet] / By the President of the 
 United States. / [decorative filet] /WHERE- 
 AS, on the twenty-second day of Septem- / 
 ber, in the year of our Lord one thousand 
 eight / hundred and sixty-two, a Proclama- 
 tion was issued by / the President of the 
 United States, containing, among / other 
 things, the following, to wit:- / [text in two 
 columns separated by thin double-line rule, 
 74 lines] / IN TESTIMONY WHEREOF, 
 I have hereunto set my / hand and caused 
 the seal of the United States to be / affixed. / 
 Done at the City of Washington, the first day 
 of Jan- / uary, in the year of our Lord one 
 thousand / eight hundred and sixty-three, 
 and of the In- / dependence of the United 
 States of America / the eighty-seventh. / 
 ABRAHAM LINCOLN. / By the President 
 — WILLIAM H. SEWARD, / Secretary of 
 State. / [long thin rule] / PUBLISHED BY 
 CHARLES M. MOSS. / From the TIMES 
 Publishing House, Jersey City. / 
 
 Broadside, 1734 by 11 inches (to outside of 
 border), [Jersey City: Times, circa 1863] 
 
 [copy:] DLC 
 
 Enclosed within ornamental borders, printed in 
 red. This and the Paine calligraphic edition 
 [No. 38] are the only two editions I have seen 
 with the subscription reading "In testimony 
 whereof, I have hereunto set my hand . . ." In 
 
 40 
 
EMANCIPATION PROCLAMATION 
 
 other editions when the word "testimony" is 
 used, the word "name" follows; or if the word 
 "witness" is used, the word "hand" follows. 
 
 NO. 38. [PAINE, JOSEPH E.] 
 
 PROCLAMATION. / January the First. / 
 EIGHTEEN HUNDRED AND SIXTY 
 THREE. / By the President of the United 
 States of America. / [portrait of Lincoln] / 
 WHEREAS [in flag with 35 stars] on the 
 twenty-second day of September, in the year 
 of our Lord one thousand eight hundred and 
 sixty-two, a / Proclamation was issued by the 
 President of the United States, containing 
 among other things the following, to / wit: 
 . . . / [28 lines] / In testimony whereof I 
 have hereunto set my hand and caused the 
 seal of the / United States to be affixed. / 
 Done at the City of Washington this first 
 day of January, in the / Year of our Lord One 
 Thousand Eight Hundred and Six- / ty-three, 
 and of the Independence of the United States 
 / of America the Eighty-seventh. / Abraham 
 Lincoln. / BY THE PRESIDENT- William 
 H. Seward, / Secretary of State. / Done en- 
 tirely with steel pens and ordinary writing 
 inks. Jan'y and Febr'y 1864 / J. E. Paine / 
 Brooklyn, N. Y. / M. STADTFELD / 711 
 BD'WAY [photographer] / Entered accord- 
 ing to Act of Congress, in the year 1864, by / 
 Joseph E. Paine, in the . . . Southern District 
 of New York. / 
 
 Broadside, 19 1/4 by 141^ inches (dimensions 
 of photograph), [ New York : Stadtf eld, 1864] 
 
 [copies:] CSmH, DLC, InFtwL, MB, MH, 
 
 NN, Eberstadt 
 
 A calligraphic edition reproduced by photo- 
 graph, with the copyright in original pen and 
 ink. The subscription reads the same as in the 
 Moss edition (above). At the left is an infantry- 
 man who stands by a tall tree which forms the 
 
 left border. At different levels on the tree are 
 carved the dates 1863, 1776, 1620 — the "1863" 
 should be at the bottom of the tree but is at the 
 top. The copies located show minor variations. 
 The MB copy has a slightly smaller photograph 
 (185/ 16 by 12^4 inches), and has the following 
 information added in the copyright below: 
 "ORIGINAL GIVEN TO THE BROOKLYN 
 SANITARY FAIR, FEB. 22, 1864, AND BY 
 A SUBSCRIPTION OF $500, BOUGHT OF 
 THE FAIR AND PRESENTED TO ABRA- 
 HAM LINCOLN, PRESIDENT OF THE 
 U. S." The DLC copy was filed Feb. 22, 1864 
 and has a copyright stamp dated 28 Apr 1864. 
 
 NO. 39. [PETERS, S. A. & COMPANY(?)] 
 
 [ wrapper-title printed in gold on blue coated 
 paper:] EMANCIPATION / PROCLA- 
 MATION/ Of January 1st, 1864 [sic], / 
 [wavy line above and below and all enclosed 
 in ornamental border; caption-title as fol- 
 lows:] BY THE / PRESIDENT / — OF 
 THE — / UNITED STATES OF AMER- 
 ICA. / A PROCLAMATION . / 
 
 8 pp., 45/3 by 33^ inches, [Hartford (?), circa 
 1864] 
 
 [copies:] InFtwL, RPB, THaroL 
 
 The pamphlet reprints the text, the date of 
 which is incorrectly given on the wrapper-title 
 as January 1st, 1864. Evidently it was published 
 by S. A. Peters & Company to accompany an 
 engraving which is described on page 8. The en- 
 graving was "Reading the Emancipation Proc- 
 lamation" (Sc. J. W. Watts, Del. H. W. Herrick), 
 which was copyrighted in the district court of 
 Connecticut in 1 864 by Lucius Stebbins and pub- 
 lished by S. A. Peters & Company of Hartford. 
 
 NO. 40. [PRATT, W. H. - ORNAMENTAL 
 OVAL BORDER] 
 
 Proclamation of Emancipation. / Whereas / 
 on the twenty second day / of September in 
 the year of our / Lord One thousand eight 
 
 41 
 
EMANCIPATION PROCLAMATION 
 
 hundred / and sixty two a Proclamation was 
 issued / by the President of the United States, 
 contai- / ning among other things the follow- 
 ing to wit: / [51 lines] / Done at the ci- / ty 
 of Washington this first day of January / in 
 the year of our Lord One thousand eig- / ht 
 hundred and sixty three & of the in- / de- 
 pendence of the U. S. of Ame- / rica the 87th. 
 / Designed and written by W. H. Pratt, Dav- 
 enport, Iowa / Lith. by A. Hageboeck, Daven- 
 port, Iowa. / ABRAHAM LINCOLN. / Ent. 
 accdg. to act of Cong, in the year 1865 by W. 
 H. PRATT in the . . . Dist. of Iowa. / 
 
 Broadside, 15 by 12 inches (including mar- 
 gins), [Davenport, 1865] 
 
 [copies:] CSmH, DLC, IHi, InFtwL, MB, 
 MH(2), MiU-C, RPB, Eberstadt 
 
 An interesting calligraphic portrait of Lincoln, 
 after Meserve No. 87, and made by skillful shad- 
 ing of the handwritten text; hence the peculiar 
 hyphenations. Of the several editions of this 
 work, only this and the German translation 
 have the simple ornamental border. A photo- 
 graphic issue of this lithograph, 13^4 by 10I/2 
 inches, without the identifying imprint, is in 
 DLC, having been entered and deposited July 
 27, 1867 and bearing a copyright stamp dated 
 Oct. 1868. (See illustration.) 
 
 NO. 41. [PRATT, W. H. - GERMAN 
 TRANSLATION] 
 
 Emancipations Proklamation. / Nach dem / 
 von dem Prasidenten der / Vereinigten Staa- 
 tenamzweiund/ [61 lines] /im Jahreseiben 
 und achtzig der Unab- / hangigkeit der Ver. 
 Staaten / von Nord America. / ABRAHAM 
 LINCOLN. / 
 
 Broadside, 1414 by 11 14 inches (including 
 margins), [Davenport: Hageboeck, 1865] 
 
 [copies:] InU, MH 
 
 The same type of calligraphic portrait as the 
 preceding, the text being enclosed in the same 
 simple oval border. Also entered by Pratt in the 
 Iowa district in 1865, and lithographed by A. 
 Hageboeck of Davenport. 
 
 NO. 42. [PRATT, W. H. - NAMES IN BORDER] 
 
 Proclamation of Emancipation. / Names of 
 Members of Congress / who voted for the 
 resolution to submit to / the Legislatures of 
 the several States the / Amendment to the 
 Constitution of the / United States prohibit- 
 ing slavery forever. / [The text of the Proc- 
 lamation and the calligraphic portrait are 
 identical with the edition above, and have 
 the name at bottom:] ABRAHAM LIN- 
 COLN. / 
 
 Broadside, 1814 by 14^ inches (including 
 margins), [Davenport, circa 1865] 
 
 [copies:] DLC, THaroL 
 
 This issue has no imprint or copyright. The 
 names of the Congressmen are worked into a 
 handsome scroll border. A facsimile reprint of 
 this edition appeared in 1905; it is printed on 
 a coated white paper that can readily be dis- 
 tinguished. 
 
 NO. 43. [PRATT, W. H. - NAMES AND SEALS] 
 
 Proclamation of Emancipation. / [same as 
 the foregoing but with an added border of 
 State seals] / Davenport, la., Western publi- 
 cation co. / 
 
 Broadside, 27% by 22I/6 inches (including 
 margins), [Davenport, circa 1865] 
 
 [copy:] RPB 
 
 The same calligraphic portrait designed and 
 executed by W. H. Pratt. This edition has an 
 imprint but no date. 
 
 42 
 
BY THE PRESIDENT OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA. 
 
 TX hcrrao. On the Twenty-Second day of September, in tho year of our Lord one thou- 
 sand eight hundred and sixty-two, a Proclamation was issued by the President of the United 
 States, containing, among other things, the following, to wit : 
 
 " That on the 6rst day of January, in the year of our Lord one thousand eight hundred 
 and sixty-three, all persons held as Slaves within any State or designated part of a State, the 
 people whereof shall then be in rebellion against the United States, shall be then, thenceforth, 
 and FOREVER FREE, and the executive government of the united states, including the military 
 and naval authorities thereof, will recognize and maintain the freedom of such persons, and 
 will do no act or acts to repress such persons, or any of them, in any efforts they may make 
 for their actual freedom. 
 
 " That the Executive will, on the first day of January aforesaid, by proclamation, designate 
 the States and parts of States, if any, in which the people thereof respectively shall then be in 
 rebellion against the United States, and the fact that any State, or the people thereof, shall on that 
 day be in good faith represented in the Congress of the United States by members chosen 
 thereto at elections wherein a majority of the qualified voters of such State shall have partici- 
 pated, shall, in the absence of strong countervailing testimony, be deemed conclusive evidence 
 that such State and the people thereof are not then in rebellion against the United States." 
 
 gow therefore, I, ABRAHAM LINCOLN, President of the United States, by virtue of the 
 power in me vested as Commander-in-Chief of the Army and Navy of the United States in 
 time of actual armed Rebellion against the authority and government of the United States, 
 and as a fit and necessary war measure for suppressing said Rebellion, do, on this first day of 
 January, in the year of our Lord one thousand eight hundred and sixty-three, and in accord- 
 ance with my purpose bo to do, publicly proclaim for the full period of one hundred days from 
 the day of the first above-mentioned order, and designate, as the States and parts of States 
 wherein the peoplo thereof respectively are this day in rebellion against the United States, the 
 following, to wit : Arkansas, Texas, Louisiana (except the Parishes of St. Bernard, Plaque- 
 mines, Jefferson, St. John, St. Charles, St. James, Ascension, Assumption, Terre Bonne, La 
 Fourche, St. Mary, St. Martin, and Orleans, including the City of Orleans,) Mississippi, Ala- 
 bama, Florida, Georgia, South Carolina, North Carolina, and Virginia (except the forty-eight 
 counties designated as West Virginia, and also the counties of Berkely, Accomac, Northamp- 
 ton, Elizabeth City, York, Princess Ann, and Norfolk, including the cities of Norfolk and Ports- 
 mouth,) and which excepted parts are for the present left precisely as if this Proclamation 
 were not issued. 
 
 And by virtue of the power and for the purpose aforesaid, I do order and declare that 
 AIL PERSONS HELD AS SLAVES, within said designated States and parts of States ARE, and hence- 
 forward SHALL BE FREE! and that the Executive Government of the United States, includ- 
 ing the Military and Naval Authorities thereof, will recognize and maintain the freedom of 
 said persons. 
 
 And I hereby enjoin upon the people so declared to be free, to abstain from all violence, 
 unless in necessary self-defence, and I recommend to them that in all cases, when allowed, 
 they labor faithfully for reasonable wages. 
 
 And I further declare and make known that such persons of suitable condition will be 
 received into the armed service of the United States, to garrison forts, positions, stations, and 
 other places, and to man vessels of all sorts in said service. 
 
 And upon this act, sincerely believed to be an act of justice, warranted by the Consti- 
 tution, upon military necessity, I invoke the considerate judgment of mankind, and the gracious 
 favor of Almighty God. 
 
 In testimony whereof I have hereunto set my name, and caused the seal of the United 
 States to be affixed. 
 
 [L. S.] 
 
 Done at the City of Washington, this first day of January, in the year of our 
 Lord one thousand eight hundred and sixty-three, and of the Indepen- 
 dence of the United States the eighty-seventh. 
 
 By the Praidmt. 
 
 •Secretary of Slate. 
 
 LELAND BOKER FIRST EDITION (NO. 31) 
 

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 MENDEL'S ISSUE OF THE BRYAN MANUSCRIPT WITH 
 LINCOLN'S PHOTOGRAPH (NO. 34) 
 

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 PRATT'S CALLIGRAPHIC PORTRAIT i\C). 40) 
 
EMANCIPATION PROCLAMATION 
 
 NO. 44. [RUSSELL, B. B.] 
 
 PROCLAMATION OF EMANCIPA- 
 TION / [portrait of Lincoln in circle over 
 eagle, with oval scene of slave auction at left 
 and slaves working at right] / [on banner:] 
 BY THE PRESIDENT OF THE UNITED 
 STATES OF AMERICA. / Whereas, On 
 the Twenty-Second day of September, in the 
 year of our Lord One Thousand Eight Hun- 
 dred and Sixty-Two a / Proclamation was 
 issued by the President of the United States, 
 containing, among other things, the follow- 
 ing, to wit: / [26 lines] / In Testimony 
 Whereof, / have hereunto set my name, and 
 caused the seal of the United States to be af- 
 fixed. I Done at the CITY OF WASHING- 
 TON, the First day of January, in the Year 
 of our Lord One Thousand Eight Hundred 
 and Sixty-Three, and of the Independence of 
 the United / States the Eighty Seventh. / [fac- 
 simile signature: ] A. Lincoln. / By the Presi- 
 dent, I [facsimile signature:] William H. 
 Seward / Secretary of State. / [vignette at 
 bottom] /J.MAYER&CO.LITH4STATE 
 ST. BOSTON. / ENTERED ... IN THE 
 YEAR 1865, BY B. B. RUSSELL IN THE 
 . . . DISTRICT COURT OF MASSACHU- 
 SETTS. / PUBLISHED BY B. B. RUS- 
 SELL & CO. 55 CORNHILL BOSTON. / 
 
 Broadside, 24 by 20 inches (including mar- 
 gins), [Boston: Mayer, 1865] 
 
 [copies:] CSmH, DLC, InFtwL, MH, RPB, 
 Eberstadt 
 
 One of the more artistic of the illustrated edi- 
 tions, with an interesting sprinkling of display 
 types. The DLC copy has a manuscript note 
 "Deposited Nov. 11, 1865. Recorded Vol. 40." 
 Some copies are tinted. 
 
 NO. 45. [RUSSELL, GILMAN R.] 
 
 EMANCIPATION PROCLAMATION [in 
 
 ribbon topped by figure of Liberty flanked 
 by eagle and slave and flags] / [dove of 
 peace] / ISSUED JANUARY 1st 1863. / 
 [calligraphic text surrounding full-length 
 pen drawing of Lincoln standing by table on 
 which is spread the Proclamation showing 
 the facsimile signature "A. Lincoln"] Now 
 therefore, I Abraham Lincoln / President of 
 the United / [40 lines] / In testimo- / ny 
 whereof I have hereunto / set my name / and 
 caused the seal of / the United / States to be 
 affixed. / Done at the / City of Washington / 
 this first day / of January, in / the year of our 
 / Lord one thou- / sand eight hundred and 
 sixty three, and of the independence of the 
 United States the / eighty seventh. / Abra- 
 ham Lincoln / By the President, / William 
 H. Seward Secretary / of State. / Entered . . . 
 in the year 1865, by Gilman R. Russell in 
 the . . . Eastern District of Pennsila. / THE 
 ORIGINAL / Designed and Executed / en- 
 tirely with a / PEN / BY / GILMAN R. 
 RUSSELL / Prof of Penmanship / P.S. Duval 
 & Son Lith. Phila. / Published by G. R. 
 Russell Phila. Pa. / 
 
 Broadside, 30 by 24 inches (including mar- 
 gins), [Philadelphia: Duval, 1865] 
 
 [copies:] DLC, MH 
 
 The preliminary portion of the text is omitted 
 in this highly decorative edition. Andrew Boyd's 
 A Memorial Lincoln Bibliography (Albany, 
 1870), p. 150 lists a small photographic card 
 (534 by 3% inches) of this Russell edition that 
 I have not located. It is headed "Proclamation 
 of Freedom by the President of the United 
 States" and has the full-length portrait of Lin- 
 coln, as described above. Another similar photo- 
 graphic edition is in RPB, but it is larger, 
 measuring 87/ s by 65/g inches. 
 
 47 
 
EMANCIPATION PROCLAMATION 
 
 NO. 46. [SEBALD, H.] 
 
 [Portrait of Lincoln in center medallion] / 
 THE / EMANCIPATION / PROCLAMA- 
 TION. / WHEREAS, On the twenty-second 
 day of / September, in the year of our Lord 
 one / thousand eight hundred and sixty-two, 
 a / proclamation was issued by the President 
 of the / United States, containing, among 
 other things, / the following, to wit: / [74 
 lines of text in two columns separated by 
 thin rule] / Done at the city of Washington, 
 this, the / first day of January, in the year of 
 our Lord one / thousand eight hundred and 
 sixty-three, and of the / independence of 
 the United States of America the / eighty- 
 seventh. / [facsimile signature:] A. Lincoln 
 — / Proclaim Liberty / throughout all / the 
 Land / unto / all the / Inhabitants / thereof. 
 / Lev. XXV v.x / L. HAUGG, Del. / H. SE- 
 BALD, ENG. / 
 
 Broadside, 18 by 131^ inches (within lightly 
 tinted background), [Philadelphia (?), circa 
 1864] 
 
 [copy:] DLC 
 
 Printed text enclosed within decorative border 
 engraved from the lithograph listed under F. W. 
 Thomas (No. 49). 
 
 NO. 47. [SMITH, L. FRANKLIN] 
 
 LIBERTY / [spread eagle, above nine por- 
 traits of national heroes with Washington 
 in the center] / PROCLAMATION OF 
 EMANCIPATION / Whereas, On the 
 Twenty-Second day of September, in the year 
 of our Lord one thousand eight hundred and 
 sixty-two, a / [37 lines] / hundred and sixty 
 three, and of the Independence of the 
 UNITED STATES the eighty-seventh. / 
 [facsimile signatures:] William H. Seward 
 
 [and] A. Lincoln. / [ 16 portraits of national 
 heroes with Lincoln in the center and eight 
 scenes, four on each side] / MAX ROSEN- 
 THAL, DEL.&LITH. L. N. ROSENTHAL 
 LITH, No. 327 WALNUT ST. PHILA. / 
 L. Franklin Smith, Publisher, 327, Walnut 
 St. Philadelphia, Box 2423. / 
 
 Broadside, 20 3^ by i6i/g inches (within bor- 
 der), [Philadelphia: Rosenthal, 1865] 
 
 [copies:] CSmH, IHi, InU, InFtwL, MH, 
 NHi,NN,RPB(2) 
 
 The copyright is in Smith's name and dated 
 1865, but entered in the District of Connecti- 
 cut, not Pennsylvania. This is one of the most 
 attractive of the pictorial editions, done in ex- 
 cellent chromolithography. Brown University 
 has two copies with different coloring. The 
 Huntington Library has a "proof-before-letters" 
 copy on different paper with the space for the 
 proclamation blank. The same library and Indi- 
 ana University both have a broadside by Smith 
 announcing the publication of this edition and 
 describing it in detail. The lithograph was also 
 the subject of a fifteen-page pamphlet by Smith 
 entitled "Presented to the subscribers to the 
 Proclamation of Emancipation. Lithographed 
 by Rosenthal, and published by L. Franklin 
 Smith" (Philadelphia, [1865]). It is Monaghan 
 No. 246. 
 
 NO. 48. [SWANDER, BISHOP & COMPANY] 
 
 E PLURIBUS UNUM / September 22d 
 
 1862 / January 1st 1863 / Emancipation 
 Proclamation. / I Abraham Lincoln / Presi- 
 dent of the United States of / America and 
 Commander in chief of the / Army and Navy 
 thereof do hereby proclaim and / [68 lines] 
 / ... In witness whereof / I have hereunto 
 set my hand and Caused the seal of the 
 United States / to be affixed. Done at the 
 City of Washington this first day of January 
 in the / year of our Lord One thousand Eight 
 
 48 
 
EMANCIPATION PROCLAMATION 
 
 hundred and sixty three and / of the Inde- 
 pendence of the United States of America 
 the / Eighty Seventh. By the President Abra- 
 ham Lincoln / William H. Seward Secretary 
 of State / [facsimile signature:] A Lincoln / 
 [facsimile signature:] William H. Seward / 
 Allegorical Portrait of / ABRAHAM LIN- 
 COLN. / [vignette at left showing slave be- 
 ing whipped and at right Liberty freeing 
 slave, with corresponding dates i860 and 
 1865] / Respectfully dedicated to the Union 
 Leagues of the United States by the Pub- 
 lishers / Published by the Art Publishing 
 Association of Philadelphia, Swander, Bishop 
 & Co. / Entered ...in the year 1865 by Swan- 
 der, Bishop & Co. in the . . . Eastern Dist. of 
 Pennsylvania. / Des & Drawn with a Steel 
 pen by R. Morris Swander / Engraved fac- 
 simile by P. S. Duval & Son Philada. / 
 
 Broadside, 2ii/£ by 1614 inches (within 
 lightly tinted background), [Philadelphia: 
 Duval, 1865] 
 
 [copies:] CSmH, DLC, InFtwL, NHi (2), 
 NN, RPB 
 
 An excellent calligraphic portrait after Meserve 
 No. 85 using the text of both proclamations. 
 One of the NHi copies is on very hard white 
 paper, giving the appearance of being a re- 
 print from the original plate. This edition is 
 evidently the one referred to in Boyd's A Me- 
 morial Lincoln Bibliography (Albany, 1870), 
 p. 150 under "Art Publishing Association." 
 
 sixty-two, a proclamation was / issued by 
 the President of the / United States, contain- 
 ing, among / other things, the following, to 
 wit: / . . . [72 lines in two columns separated 
 by thin rule] / In witness whereof I have 
 hereunto set my hand, / and caused the seal 
 of the United States to be affixed. / Done at 
 the city of Washington, this, the / first day 
 of January, in the year of our Lord one thou- 
 / sand eight hundred and sixty-three, and of 
 the inde- / pendence of the United States of 
 America the eighty / seventh. / [facsimile 
 signature:] A. Lincoln — / [eagle on shield 
 resting on crossed flags under which is vign- 
 ette of Liberty shielding slaves from hounds 
 and masters] / Proclaim Liberty / through- 
 out all / the Land / unto / all the / Inhabi- 
 tants / thereof. / Lev. XXV v.x. / Publ. by 
 F. W. Thomas, Publisher of the "FREE 
 PRESS" 418 North Fourth Str. Philada. / 
 on Stone by L. Haugg 600 Chestnut Str. 
 Philadel. / 
 
 Broadside, 22I/2 by 181^ inches (including 
 margins), [Philadelphia: Free Press, circa 
 1863] 
 
 [copies:] CSmH, DLC, MH, Eberstadt 
 
 The illustrated border of this tinted and litho- 
 graphed edition is almost identical with that 
 engraved by Sebald (No. 46). The two-column 
 text is likewise similar, except for line endings 
 and the comparatively plain initial capital "W" 
 in the latter edition. 
 
 NO. 49. [THOMAS, F. W.] 
 
 [Portrait of Lincoln in center medallion] / 
 THE / EMANCIPATION / PROCLAMA- 
 TION. / [allegorical figures on pedestals at 
 left and right] / WHEREAS, On the twenty- 
 second day / of September, in the year of our 
 / Lord one thousand eight hundred / and 
 
 NO. 50. [THOMAS, F. W. - GERMAN 
 TRANSLATION] 
 
 THE / EMANCIPATION / PROCLAMA- 
 TION. / In Anbetracht, dass am zwei und 
 zwanzigsten Septem- / [79 lines, double- 
 column] / abhangigkeit der Vereinigten 
 Staaten von Amerika im siebenundachtzig- 
 
 49 
 
EMANCIPATION PROCLAMATION 
 
 / sten Jahre. / [facsimile signature:] A. Lin- 
 coln— /Published by F. W. THOMAS, Pub- 
 lisher of the "FREE PRESS," 418 N. 4th 
 St., Phila. / Entered . . . in the year 1863 by 
 F. W. THOMAS, in the Eastern District of 
 Penn'a. / 
 
 Broadside, 19 by 1414 inches (including mar- 
 gins), [Philadelphia: Sebald, 1863] 
 
 [copies:] CSmH, IHi 
 
 Same portrait and elaborate decorative border 
 as No. 46. The text, which is typeset in double- 
 column in German, appears under the same 
 caption title and above the same facsimile sig- 
 nature. 
 
 NO. 51. [UNKNOWN PUBLISHER] 
 
 Proclamation of Emancipation. / [filet] /By 
 the President of the United States of Amer- 
 ica / WHEREAS, on the Twenty-Second day 
 of September, in the year of our Lord one 
 thousand eight hundred and sixty-two, a 
 Proclamation / was issued by the President 
 of the United States, containing, amongother 
 things the following, to wit: / [32 lines] / 
 and of the Independence of the United States 
 the eighty-seventh. / [name in script type:] 
 A. Lincoln. / By the President, / [name in 
 script type:] William H. Seward, / Secretary 
 of State. I 
 
 Broadside, 8 by 7 inches (to outside of bor- 
 der), [n. p., circa 1864] 
 
 [copies:] MH,RPB 
 
 The text is enclosed within a proscenium-style 
 border, with a shield centered in the arch. Con- 
 tains the error "City of Orleans" rather than 
 "New Orleans," and the "testimony . . . name" 
 mistake in the subscription. The RPB copy is 
 hand-colored, the text pink and the border 
 green, yellow, and red. 
 
 NO. 52. [UNKNOWN PUBLISHER] 
 
 Proclamation / of / Emancipation. / [filet] / 
 By the President of the United States of 
 America. / Whereas, On the Twenty-second 
 day of September, in the year of our Lord 
 one thousand / eight hundred and sixty-two, 
 a Proclamation was issued by the President 
 of the United States, / containing, among 
 other things the following, to wit: / . . . [up- 
 per one-quarter of sheet is all that has been 
 preserved.] 
 
 Broadside, 3 (originally about 12) by 7^ 
 inches (including margins), [N.p., circa 
 1865] 
 
 [copy:] DLC 
 
 Printed in gold on blue coated paper, within 
 decorative oval border. 
 
 ACKNOWLEDGMENT 
 
 The author wishes to express his sincere appreciation to 
 all those who have assisted him with points of informa- 
 tion used herein; particular thanks are due the following 
 persons: Frederick B. Adams, Jr., Randolph G. Adams, 
 John E. Alden, Paul M. Angle, the late Oliver R. Barrett, 
 Roy P. Basler, Carey S. Bliss, Clarence S. Brigham, Marion 
 E. Brown, Helen D. Bullock, Barney Chesnick, Elizabeth 
 B. Drewry, Edward Eberstadt, Lindley Eberstadt, Henry 
 M. Fuller, Frederick R. Goff, Zoltan Haraszti, Edna L. 
 Jacobsen, Carl L. Lokke, Gerald McDonald, R. Gerald 
 McMurtry, David C. Mearns, J. Monaghan, Donald G. 
 Patterson, Leslie M. Oliver, C. Percy Powell, Stephen T. 
 Riley, Lewis M. Stark, Colton Storm, Thomas W. Streeter, 
 Forest H. Sweet, R. W. G. Vail, Henry B. Van Hoesen, 
 Geneva Warner, and Louis A. Warren. 
 
 50 
 

f~Ab 
 
 Abraham Lincoln Book Shop 
 
 CHICAGO 11 ILLINOIS