LIBRARY OF THE UNIVERSITY OF ILLINOIS AT URBANA-CHAMPAIGN I.H.S. LIBRARY OF THE UNIVERSITY OF ILLJNOI8 FRED'C L. BILLON, at the age of 45. TAKEN AT PHILADELPHIA, 1846. ANNALS OF ST. LOUIS IN ITS TERRITORIAL DAYS FROM 1804 TO 1821 BEING A CONTINUATION OF THE AUTHOR'S PREVIOUS WORK THE ANNALS OF THE FRENCH AND SPANISH PERIOD BY FREDERIC L. BILLON A RESIDENT OF ST. LOUIS, EXCEEDING SEVENTY YEARS ST. LOUIS PRINTED FOR THE AUTHOR 1888. PHESS OF NIXON-JONES PRINTING Co. 212 PINE ST., ST. Lou s Mo. &&Y '2. INTRODUCTORY. By an act of Congress of May 7, 1800, the "" Northwest Territory " was divided into two sep- arate governments. That portion immediately west and adjoining Pennsylvania, became the territory of Ohio, and the balance of the country, extending west to the Missis- sippi river, was formed into the new territory of In- diana. On May 13, Gen. Win. Henry Harrison, of Vir- ginia, was appointed the Governor, and John Gibson, of Pennsylvania, Secretary of the new territory and shortly afterwards Wm. Clark, Henry Vander- berg and John Griffin, Territorial Judges, who held the first term of their court at Vincennes, on March 3, 1801. The population of the new Territory, embracing all the country now Indiana, Illinois, Michigan and Wis- consin was 4,875, about one-half in the settlements in the American bottom on the Mississippi, and the balance on the Ohio, Illinois, Wabash and other points. The second census of the United States (that of 1800) , had been taken only the year previously, ex- (iii) iv INTRODUCTORY. hibiting a population of 5,305,366 souls in the then, sixteen States and three territories of the Union, of which over 40,000 were included within the bound- aries of that portion of the Northwest Territory, which became the State of Ohio, leaving, as aforesaid, 4,875 in the new territory of Indiana. At the date of our purchase of Louisiana from France in 1803, Ohio had just adopted a State con- stitution, and been admitted into the Federal Union as the seventeenth State. * The large mass of the American people, at that day, occupying the old States on the Atlantic borders knew but little of the country west of the Alleghany Mountains. Up to this period there had been no in- tercourse between the peoples of the two sections. Separated by a wilderness of hundreds of miles, un- inhabited except by a few roving tribes of savages, an occasional straggler from the east in search of adventure, had found his way to the shores of the Mississippi, but very few, if any, had ever retraced his steps. But under the change of ownership, a new era was now to commence, destined in but a few brief years, to transform this wilderness into a vast garden, teeming with a busy hive of humanity? and abounding in all the essentials that conduce to the happiness and pleasure of mankind. HISTORICAL. LAWS OF THE GOVERNOR AND JUDGES OF INDIANA FOR LOUISIANA DISTRICT. After the transfer of Upper Louisiana to Captain Stoddard on March 10, 1804, he remained in tempo- rary command as Governor until Sept;. 30, 1804, with instructions to make little, if any, change in the modus operandi of administering the govern- ment, until Congress would pass the laws necessary for its future government. Congress then attached it temporarily to the Ter- ritory of Indiana, which then extended to the east bank of the Mississippi River, with authority and in- structions to the Governor and Judges of said Territory, to enact such laws for its immediate gov- ernment as they might find necessary. Wm. Henry Harrison, then Governor, and Thomas Terry Davis, Henry Yanderberg and John Griffin, Judges of Indiana, enacted at Vincennes, the seat of government of Indiana, a number of laws for the district of Louisiana 1804, Oct. 1. Five districts were established, St. Charles, St. Louis, St. Geneyieve, Cape Girardeau and New Madrid. (1) 2 HISTORICAL. Courts of Quarter Sessions were established for each district, the terms for the St. Louis district to be held in St. Louis on the third Tuesdays of June, September, December and March. A Sheriff for each of the five districts of Louisi- ana, and also a Recorder for each, to be appointed by the Governor. LAWS ENACTED BY THE GOVERNOR AND JUDGES OF THE TERRITORY OF LOUISIANA, AT ST. LOUIS. 1806, May 6, by James Wilkinson, Governor, and John B. C. Lucas and Return J. Meigs, Jr., Judges. "An act for an Attorney-General for the Territory " to be appointed by the Governor." 1806, June 27. "Arkansas district cut off from the " southwest part of New Madrid, and a general " court established, to set twice a year in St. "Louis, in May and October." By Joseph Browne, Secretary of the Territory, and John B. C. Lucas and Otho Strader, two of the Judges. 1806, Oct. 28. "An act for the appointment of a " Clerk of the General Court." * * This was a Supreme Court or Court of Appeals, which sat in St. Louis twice a year. GOV. M. LEWIS. 3 By Frederick Bates, Secretary of the Territory, and Jno. B. C. Lucas and Otho Strader, Judges. 1807, July 3. "An act establishing courts," etc. Five Judges of the Common Pleas and Quarter Sessions to be appointed by the Governor for each district for four years. Two to be a quorum to hold court. Three terms annually in each district. In St. Louis on the first Mondays of March, July and November. A court of Oyer and Terminer and general jail delivery established, to consist of one of the Judges of the General Court and the Common Pleas Judges of the respective district. Quarter Sessions to have jurisdiction of criminal cases, except those punish- able by death, which can be tried only in the Oyer and Terminer by one of the General Court Judges. One clerk to be appointed by the Governor for each district for the three courts of that district. The Supreme Court of record, styled the " Gen- eral Court," shall sit in St. Louis the first Monday of May and October. 1807, July 4. An act to divide districts into townships by commissioners, prior to September 1st next. By Meriwether Lewis, Governor, and John B. C. Lucas and Otho Strader, Judges, being the Legisla- ture. 1808, June 18. "An act concerning Towns." Two-thirds of the voters in any of the villages, applying therefor, can be incorporated by the 4 HISTORICAL. Court of Common Pleas, the court to appoint two commissioners to superintend the first election of five trustees to serve one year. By the same. 1808, June 20. "An act to lay out a road from St. "Louis to St. Genevieve, thence to Cape Girar- " deau, thence to New Madrid." * The laws of the Territory of "Louisiana," were first printed in the year 1808, by Mr. Charless, Sr., shortly after he had established his printing busi- ness in St. Louis. It is a book of three hundred and seventy- two pages, embracing all the laws of the Territory to the close of the year 1808, and cer- tified to by Frederick Bates, Secretary. The first book printed in St. Louis. A SUMMARY OF THE ORGANIZATION OF LOUISIANA TERRITORY, &C. 1803, April 30. Treaty of cession at Paris. 1803, July 31. Eatification of the Treaty. 1803, Dec. 20. Transfer of the lower part of the country at !N"ew Orleans to Gen. Wilkinson and Governor C. C. Claiborne. 1804, March 10. Transfer of the upper part of the country at St. Louis to Capt. Amos Stoddard, U. S. Army. Capt. Stoddard was instructed by President Jefferson to make no change in the * Some of the enactments of this period are signed by John Coburn, the third Judge. LOUISIANA TERRITORY. 5 modus operand*^ but to administer the govern- ment, as his predecessors had done, under the Spanish laws. 1803, March 26. An act of Congress, dividing Louisiana by the 33rd degree of latitude, the southern portion to be called the ' ' District of New Orleans," and the northern portion " Dis- trict of Louisiana " to be attached to Indiana Territory, whose Judges shall hold two courts a year at St. Louis, and enact such laws for its im- mediate government as they may find necessary. Accordingly Wm. Henry Harrison, Governor, and Thos. Terry Davis, Henry Vanderburgh and John Griffin, Judges of Indiana, at Vincennes, enacted a number of laws for the government of upper Louisiana, and on October 1, arrived at St. Louis, and put them in operation. They established five districts, St. Charles, St. Louis, St. Genevieve, Cape Girardeau and New Madrid. A court of Quarter Sessions, to hold four terms each year, with a Sheriff and Recorder for each District. The court at St. Louis, the 3rd Tuesdays of June, September, December and March. 1805, March 3. An act of Congress changing the name of "District of Louisiana" to "Louisi- ana Territory," with a Governor for 3 years, and Secretary for 4 years. The legislative power to be the Governor and three Judges appointed for four years, to go into effect July 4, 1805, on which day Gen. James Wilkinson, Governor, and 6 HISTORICAL. Joseph Browne, first Secretary, entered upon the discharge of their duties. 1806. By Jas. Wilkinson, Governor, and J. B. C. Lucas and R. J. Meigs, Judges. 1806, May 6. "An act for an Attorney-General "for the Territory." 1806, June 27. "An act establishing the district of "Arkansaw from the southwest part of ~New " Madrid, and for a General Court to sit twice a " year in St. Louis, in May and October." 1806, Oct. 28. An act for a Clerk of the General Court.* 1807. By Frederick Bates, Secretary and acting Governor, and Judges Lucas and Strader, the Legislature. 1807, July 3. An act regulating the Courts. * ' Judges of the Common Pleas to be appointed " by the Governor for four years, two a quorum " for business, three terms a year. In St. Louis "the first Mondays of March, July and K"ovem- . "ber. "And a court of Oyer and Terminer (criminal), "to consist of the Judges of the General Court, ' ' and the Common Pleas Judges of the respective " districts, when the punishment involves life or " death. Other criminal cases can be tried in the " Quarter Sessions, with a clerk for each district." A Supreme Court, called General Court, shall sit in St. Louis the first Mondays of May and October. * Jos. V. Gamier was appointed this Clerk. TERRITORIAL ITEMS. 7 1807, July 4. "An act to divide the districts into "Townships by commissioners, by September "1st." 1808. By Meriwether Lewis, Governor, and Jno. B. C. Lucas and Otho Strader, Judges, the Legislature. 1808, June 18. " An act concerning Towns." " Two-thirds of the voters in any village can be "incorporated by the Court of Common Pleas," etc. 1808, June 20. "An act to lay out a road from St. " Louis to Ste. Genevieve, Cape Girardeau and " New Madrid" by the same, with John Coburn, 3rd Judge. 1808, Dec. The first book printed in St. Louis, was " The Laws of the Territory of Louisiana," a book of 372 pages, by Frederick Bates ; printed by Joseph Charless, Sr. TERRITORIAL ITEMS, FROM THE GAZETTE. 1807, July. Gov. M. Lewis arrived and assumed the government. 1808, Oct. 5. His proclamation dividing the New Madrid District into two parts, it being too large ; from the Mississippi niver opposite the Second Bluff, running west indefinitely, the south part to the 33rd degree, to be called Arkansas. 1809, Oct. Office of Governor vacant by the sui- cide of Gov. M. Lewis on his route to Washing ton City. 8 HISTORICAL. 1810, April 17. Appointment of Benjamin How- ard, member of Congress from Lexington, to be Governor of Louisiana Territory. 1810, Sept. 17. Arrival of the new Governor at St. Louis. 1810, Oct. 31. Thos. T. Crittenden, of St. Gene- vieve, appointed Attorney-General of the Terri- tory vice Hempstead resigned. 1811, Sept. 19. Gen. Wm. Clark re-appointed Brigadier-General of the militia of the Territory. 1812, June 4. Act of Congress creating Missouri a Territory of the second grade. 1812, Oct. 1. Governor Howard's proclamation dividing the Territory into five counties. St. Charles, north of the Missouri river, to have two representatives in the assembly. St. Louis county, from the Missouri to Platin, four; St. Genevieve, from the Platin to Apple creek, three ; Cape Girardeau to the old line of New Madrid, two ; New Madrid to the 33rd de- gree to have two. Total, 13. Election to be held on the 2nd Monday of November. Assem- bly to meet in St. Louis on the first Monday of December, 1812. 1812, Nov. 9. Edward Hempstead elected the first delegate to Congress from Missouri Territory. The first Courts held in Upper Louisiana from a book labelled "Record of Oyer and Terminer, 1804 to 1813," 322 pages. FIRST GRAND JURY. 9 " UNITED STATES OF AMERICA. "DISTRICT OF LOUISIANA,) "ST. LOUIS DISTRICT. I "At a court of (General Quarter Sessions* of the peace, began and holden at the house of E milieu Yousti in the town of St. Louis, in and for the dis- trict of St. Louis, in the district of Louisiana, on the third Tuesday in December (18th), one thousand eight hundred and four, present : Auguste Chouteau, Jacques Glamorgan, David Delaunay and James Mackay, Judges. James Rankin, Sheriff of the said district, returned the fol- lowing list of Grand Jurors, to wit, Antoine Soulard, Bernard Pratte, Thos. F. Riddick, Wilson Hunt, Jacob Harry, Joseph Brasau, Antoine Vincent, Sil- vestre Labbadie, Joseph M. Papin, Jean Baptiste Trudeau, Francis M. Benoit, Boyd Denny, Pierre Didier, Calvin Adams, Emilien Yousti, Benito Basquez, Giome Hebert, Patrick Lee, Yacinte Eg- lize, Andre Andreville, Hyacinthe St. Cyr, Joseph Hortiz, Louis Brazeau and Joseph Perkins, 24, who being severally called, there were absent four, Joseph Brazeau, Jno. B. Trudeau, F. M. Benoit and Pat- rick Lee court adjourned. WEDNESDAY, Dec. 19th. Present as yesterday, with others. Court ap- pointed Edward Hempstead Deputy Attorney-Gen- eral for the time, and for Constables, Wm. Sullivan, St. Louis; John E. Allen, Coldwater; Gabriel 10 HISTORICAL. Long, St. Andrews; Matthew Lord, Merrimack, and Charles Desjarlais, Florisant, who were sworn. THURSDAY, Dec. 20th. Hon. Charles Gratiot presiding, with same asso- ciates. The four absent Grand Jurors were fined $5 each. The court rented from Jacques Glamorgan a house near his dwelling, for a prison, at $15 per month, from ~Nov. 20th last, and expended $133.40 in re- pairs on the house. John Boly licensed to keep a ferry across the Merrimack for three years, and the court established the following ferry rates : For a man 25 cents, horse 25 cents, cart and team 50 cents, wagon and team $1, yoke of oxen 25 cents, cow and calf 25 cents, and the following rates over the Mississippi and Missouri, man 25 cents, man and horse 62V2 cents, wagon $1, each horse 50 cents, cart and horse $1.50, first cow or ox 50 cents, additional ones 25 cents each, hogs and sheep 12V2 each, merchandise 12V 2 cents 100 Ibs., marketing 6V4. Constables' fees, serving a writ 37 x /2 cents, a summons 25 cents, an execution 25 cents end of the first term. (Signed) CHAKLES GRATIOT. RUFUS E ASTON, Protkonotary . 1805, March Term, Tuesday 19th. Charles Gratiot presiding, and eight associates, in addition to the former, Richard Caulk, James Rich- TAXES AND LICENSES. 11 ardson, and John Allen from the country, and Alex- ander McISTair from St. Louis. Rufus Easton presented to the court his commis- sion as Attorney-General for the district. Jno. B. Belan was licensed to keep a ferry across the Missouri at St. Charles, same ferry rates allowed him as before established. 1805, April 15. A special session of the court to regulate taxes and licenses. Each ferry across the Mississippi to pay $10. Across the Missouri at St. Charles $10, at Hens- ley's, six miles above St. Charles, $5. Billiard tables, $100 each. Taverns $25. Taxes can be paid in shaven deer-skins, at the rate of three pounds to the dollar (33Vs cents) from October to April, after that time in cash. Monday, April 29th, special session. Calvin Adams, Andre Andreville and Wm. Sulli- van, of St. Louis, were licensed to keep tavern. James Rankin, Sheriff, was fined $6.33 for inso- lence and contempt of court. 1805, June Term, Tuesday 18th. Charles Gratiot, presiding, and associates. Josiah McLanahan presented his commission as Sheriff, and Edward Hempstead appointed Deputy Attorney-General. 1805, Sept. Term, Tuesday, 17th. Charles Gratiot and associates nothing especial. 12 HISTORICAL. 1806, March Term, Tuesday 18th. Joseph Browne presiding, and associates. A commission from his excellency, James Wilkin- son, Governor, appointing Joseph Browne, Esq., first Justice of the Court of Common Pleas, in and for the District of St. Louis, was read and ordered to be filed. Andrew Steele presented to the court a commis- sion from Governor Wilkinson, appointing him Pro- thonotary of the court of Common Pleas, in and for the district of Louisiana, read and ordered to be filed. 1806, Special Session, April 4. Permission requested and obtained from Governor Wilkinson, to use the military guard house in the fort on the hill as a jail until one can be built. 1806, Aug. 29. Gauche Becquet died suddenly. Wm. Sullivan, Coroner, held an inquest on his body. Verdict, " died a natural death." 1806, Sept. Term, Tuesday 17th. Present, Glamorgan, Christy and Pratte. " Jeremiah Connor, Sheriff, presents to the court ' ' that the jail in its present condition is insufficient " to secure the safety of prisoners confined in it, and t ' prays the court to take such steps in the premises " as the necessity of the case may require." The court thereupon made an order " that the offi- " cer commanding the militia of the district be re- TOWNSHIPS. 13 " quested to furnish a guard for the security of the "prisoners until such time as the jail can be made "secure." 1806, December Term, Tuesday, 16th. Court ordered the houses in the garrison to be re- paired for the use of the courts, and a stove and wood for the jail to be furnished. 1807, March Term, Tuesday 17th. Wm. Christy appointed clerk of the Court of Quarter Sessions, by Joseph Browne, Secretary, acting Governor. 1807, June Term, Tuesday 13th. Silas Bent presented his commission from Frede- rick Bates, Secretary and Acting Governor, ap- pointing him first Justice of the Common Pleas.* 1807, July 1. The courts were reorganized. Silas Bent, first Justice ; Chouteau, Pratte and La- beaume, associates, were all newly commissioned, and Thomas F. Riddick, Clerk, and Jeremiah Connor, Sheriff. The commissioners of rates and levies for the dis- trict of St. Louis, made their report August 6, 1807, of the division of the district into four Town- * This is the first official act of F. Bates as Secretary on record. 14 HISTORICAL. ships and the number of taxable inhabitants in each Township; St. Louis, 257; St. Ferdinand, 205; Bonhomme, 126 ; and Joachim, 141. Total, 729. BERNARD PRATTE, ) n ' > Comrs. THOS. F. RIDDICK, The sessions of the Court of Common Pleas were now changed to three terms a year, on the first Mondays of November, March and July. 1807, November term Monday 1st. Silas Bent, Augustus Chouteau, Bernard Pratte and Louis Labeaume presented their new commis- sions from M. Lewis, the new Governor, and took their seats. 1808. Nothing special occurred this year in the Common Pleas. In the Oyer and Terminer, Jno. B.C. Lucas pre- sided, with Aug. Chouteau, associate. 1809. Common Pleas, March term, Monday 6th. The Secretary of the Territory returned into court a plat of the road ordered by the act for laying out a road from St. Louis to Ste. Genevieve, Cape Girar- deau and New Madrid. The court approved the same, and ordered the road to be cut out. FIRST EXECUTION. 15 1809. Over and Terminer, special term, May 29. Jno. B. C. Lucas, presiding, and Silas Bent, associate. Edward Hempstead presented his commission from Gov. Merri wether Lewis, ap- pointing him Attorney-General of the Territory of Louisiana. 1809. Special term, August 14th. Jno. B.C. Lucas presiding, and Silas Bent and Aug. Chouteau, associates. " On Monday, June 26, 1809, at Long's Mill, in "the Township of Bonhomme, in the County of " St. Louis, John Long, Jr., shot, with a rifle, and "killed one George Gordon, the stepfather of " Long. "At a special term of the ' Oyer and Terminer,' "held at St. Louis, August 14, 1809, he was in- " dieted by the Grand Jury for murder in the first " degree, and on Monday, the 21st, he was tried for "the murder, found guilty, and sentenced to be " hanged until dead, on Saturday, September 16, " 1809, between the hours of 11 o'clock a. m. and 3 " o'clock p. m., which sentence was duly executed." The Jury that convicted him were : John Brown (of Coldwater), foreman; Daniel Hodges, Alexis Lalande,* Antoine Barada, James Glamorgan, Michel Honore, Benjamin Wilkinson, Thomas R. Musick, Joseph Moore, Henry M. Shreve, Peter Primm and Joseph Philipson. * Alexis Lalande subsequently made oath that he neither spoke nor understood a word of English. 16 HISTORICAL. 1809, June 1. Oyer and Terminer. Judge Jno. B. C. Lucas and Silas Bent. A case against one Samuel Nugent for assault, came on for trial, but owing to the absence of one Nancy West, an important witness, the trial was de- ferred until the following day, and the Sheriff or- dered to bring in the witness on an attachment. On the next day the Sheriff had his witness in court to purge herself of the contempt, when the following colloquy took place between the court and the wit- ness : Question. " What was your reason for disobeying " the summons served on you yesterday? " Answer. " I thought that having appeared once " before the Grand Jury, and given in my testi- " mony, that I needn't appear any more." Ques. " Did you know, or did you not know, the " contents of that summons? ' : Ans. " I did not know the contents, and thought " once appearing was enough." Ques. "Did the Sheriff inform you of the con- " tents of the summons? ' : Ans. " The Sheriff served a summons on me." Ques. " Did any person advise you not to ap- pear? >: Ans. "No person advised me. When I went " away from Mr. Kinney's, Mrs. Kinney asked me " where I was going. I said I was going to Mr. " Webster's, but I didn't go to Mr. Webster's, but " went away to' some other place, and didn't return " until evening." Ques. "Did you, or did you not, hear that Sam- " uel Nugent was to be tried on yesterday for a NANCY WEST. 17 " capital crime, and that your testimony would be " wanted?" Ans. " I did hear that Samuel Nugent was to be "tried." Ques. " On what day did you hear that said Nu- " gent was to be tried? " Ans. " I don't know." Ques. " Did you or did you not know that your " testimony would be wanted when said Nugent " should be tried? r Ans. " I had given in my testimony once, and I " thought that that was enough." Ques. " Did you or did you not go away from " Mr. Kinney's yesterday morning with an intention " of avoiding the process of the court? ' : Ans. " If I had had an intention of keeping out of " the way I would not have come back in the evening." The court for the present postponed further ex- amination, and ordered that Nancy West remain in the custody of the Sheriff. The trial of Nugent then proceeded, and he being found not guilty by the jury was discharged. Nancy West was then called up a second time, and then saying, " she did not go away from Mr. " Kinney's to avoid the process of the court, that "she intended to return this day if her testimony " should be wanted, that she had never been a wit- " ness before in a court of justice, and therefore felt "an embarrassment." Therefore the court discharged her* from the at- tachment. JNO. B. C. LUCAS, Presiding Justice. 18 HISTORICAL. 1810, November 5. Common Pleas. Alexander McNair presented to the court his commission from Frederick Bates, Secretary and acting Governor, appointing him Sheriff of St. Louis County. Thomas T. Crittenden, appointed by Governor Howard, Attorney-General for the Territory. OYER AND TERMINER. 1811, Aug. 12. Special term. Judges Lucas & Chouteau. Trial of an Indian for the murder of a squaw ; he was acquitted. COMMON PLEAS. 1811, Nov. Term 4th. Robert Wash, Attorney-General. TERRITORY OF MISSOURI. 1813, March, Monday 1st. New court, William Christy presiding. David V. Walker, Aug. P. Chouteau and George Tompkins, associates. Grand Jury Horace Austin, foreman ; Julius Demun, John McKnight, James Irwin, Francis M. Benoit, Charles Davis, Peter Primm, Matthew JUSTICES, SHERIFFS, ETC. 19 Kerr, Chas. Sangriinet, Joseph Bush, John A. Bright, James Thomas, James Anderson, Benjamin Quick, Sarnl. Solomon, Judathan Kendall 16. David Barton, Dep. Attorney-General. Jno. "W. Thompson, Sheriff. July term ended 8th. First Record Book, 322 pages, ended. LIST OF THE PRESIDING JUSTICES, CLERKS, SHERIFFS, ETC., OF THE COURT OF QUARTER SESSIONS OF LOUISIANA TERRITORY. Presiding Justices. By whom appointed. 1. Charles Gratiot, Dec. 1804 Gov. Harrison. 2. Joseph Browne, March, 1806.. Gov. Wilkinson. 3. Silas Bent, June, 1807 Sec. Browne. 4. William Christy, March, 1813. Gov. Howard. Prothonotaries . 1. Rufus Easton, Dec., 1804 Gov. Harrison. 2. Thos. F. Riddick, March, 1805. Gov. Harrison. 3. Andrew Steele, March, 1806... Gov. Wilkinson. 4. Wm. Christy, March, 1807.... Act. Gov. Browne. 5. Thos. F. Riddick, July, 1807.Act. Gov. Bates. Sheriffs. 1. James Rankin, Dec., 1804 Gov. Harrison. 2. Josiah McLanahan, June, 1805. Gov. Harrison. 3. Jeremiah Connor, Sept., 1806. Gov. Wilkinson. 4. Alex. McETair, ISTov., 1810 Act. Gov. Bates. 5. J. W. Thompson, July, 1813. .Gov. Clark. 6. Jos. C. Brown, April, 1819. ...Gov. Clark. 20 HISTORICAL. Dep. Attorney -G-erf I. By whom appointed. 1. Edw. Hempstead, Dec., 1804.. Gov. Harrison. 2. Rufus Easton, March, 1805.... Gov. Harrison. 3. Edw. Hempstead, June, 1805. Gov. Harrison. 4. Jas. L. Donaldson, Dec., 1805. Gov. Wilkinson. 5. Edw. Hempstead, May, 1809.. Gov. Lewis. 6. T. F. Crittenden, Nov., 1810. Gov. Howard. .7. Robert Wash, Nov., 1811 Act. Gov. Bates. S. David Barton, March, 1813.... Act. Gov. Bates. Coroner and Constable. William Sullivan, Dec., 1804 Gov. Harrison. The courts sat from Dec., 1804, to Dec., 1806, at Yostis' tavern Main and Locust. 1806 to 18 on the hill. In 1815, Sanguinet's on 2d Street. In 1817, Mad. Dubreuil's house, 2d Street. TOWN OF ST. LOUIS. An act of the Territorial Legislature, June 18, 1808, " authorized the people of any village in the " Territory, on petition of two- thirds of their inhab- " itants to be incorporated into a Town on applica- " tion to the proper court" On Saturday, July 23, 1808, they held an election for five trustees for the Town, and elected the fol- lowing gentlemen : Auguste Chouteau, Bernard Pratte, Edward Hempstead, Peter Chouteau and Alexander McNair. In their eagerness to rank as a Town, they had overlooked the fact that they had first to be incor- TOWN OF ST. LOUIS. 21 ' porated by the proper court, as the above election took place but five weeks after the passage of the act concerning Towns, doubtless supposing that two-thirds of the inhabitants voting for Trustees made them a town without any further steps ; at any rate they discovered their mistake and rectified it after the delay of a year.* 1809, Thursday, Nov. 9. Common Pleas. Petition of the inhabitants residing within the fol- lowing limits, to be incorporated as the Town of St. Louis : " Beginning at Antoine Roy's mill, on the bank "of the Mississippi, thence running 60 arpents " west, thence south on said line 60 arpents in the "rear, until the same comes to the Barriere des " ISToyers, thence due south until it comes to the " Sugar-loaf, thence due east to the Mississippi, " thence by the Mississippi to the place of begin- " ning." The court having approved of the same, appointed Wm. C. Carr and David Delaunay, commissioners, to superintend the first election for Trustees, to take place Monday, Dec. 4, 1809. TOWN OF ST. LOUIS, ITEMS FROM GAZETTE. Notice to Travelers of Ferry Rates at St. Louis to the east shore. * Dec. llth. A meeting held at Auguste Chouteau's of the inhabi- tants to correct their precipitancy in the matter. 22 HISTORICAL. One person, 25 cents ; a horse, 50 cents ; cattle, each 50 cents; a cart, 50 cents; a wagon, $1.50; lumber 12V2 cents a hundred. 1809, Nov. 27. First Election of Town Trustees. 1810, Dec. 11. Auguste Chouteau, Town Treas- urer's statement: Receipts from all sources $529.68 Total expenditures ...*.... 399.15 Balance in Treasury . $130.53 1812, July 11. Receipt of the President's procla- mation declaring war against England. A town meeting held. Resolutions adopted declaring their gratification thereat, and determination to support the government. Sept. 1. Completion of the new Market House on the Place d' Amies with twelve stalls. A clerk of the same appointed, to receive a salary of $104 per annum. 1818, June. First survey of the Town by Jos. C. Brown, U. S. Deputy Surveyor. THE VILLAGE AND TOWN ITS PROGRESS. In 1804 the river front presented a perpendicular lime stone bluff, extending from the foot of what is now Poplar street, northwards to near Rocky Branch, over two miles, on a level with Main street, about forty feet above the ordinary stage of water in the river. There was a narrow road on the sand at the foot of the bluff, used as a tow path for cor- ST. LOUIS IN 1804. 23 delling boats, which, in high stages of water, was completely covered. The only road then and for some years thereafter to get from our present Main street to the river, was at our present Market street, which had been roughly quarried out by the early inhabitants to get to the river for water. The principal road up from the Main street to the hill in rear of the village, was our present Walnut street, at that day called " Rue de la Tour," Tower street, leading up from the Government Office, at the southeast corner of Main and Walnut (now Block 6) , to the Fort and the soldiers' quarters on the hill at Fourth street. Main street was but 36 feet wide, and in some places, where, in the early days, some of the lot holders had not been very particular about a few feet, and had built outside this line, there was not more than 30 feet from house to house, and what are now our cross streets, were then simply narrow lanes left between the blocks, from 25 to 30 feet wide, upon which there were no houses until long after our acquisition of the country. Market street, going west from Main to the foot of the hill, at 3rd, was but little used, it being low at 2nd and 3rd, and in wet weather much water run- ning down it, over the bare rock, which extended for some distance west of Main street, the soil, which originally covered it, having been washed off in the course of years. For the first few years after the transfer, there was but little, if any, increase in either population or houses, a few of the latter, generally log, were 24 HISTORICAL. now and then added to the place, as the gradual in- crease of the population seemed to require. Then came the war with England, in June, 1812, which continued until the early part of the year 1815. During the three years' continuance of this war, the General Government deemed it necessary to keep up a pretty large force of men here, as a protection to our frontier inhabitants, from inroads on the part of the British and Indians, this post be- ing then the westernmost military post of the United States. These troops were cantoned at Bellefontaine, on the Missouri, in this county, and the officers had almost daily intercourse with the people of the place. After the close of the war, and the consequent re- duction of the army to the peace establishment, many of these troops, both officers and men re- mained in the west, and became permanent residents of the country, thereby adding materially to the population. Added to this was the revival of busi- ness throughout the country, east and west, conse- quent upon the peace, which gave an impetus to the place, so that in the next few years, at the date of my arrival here in 1818, the population was esti- mated at three thousand souls. During this period up to 1816, the Town was confined to the three original streets on the lower plateau, but after the close of the war, the pros- pective increase in the place induced Col. Chouteau and Judge Lucas, who were the sole owners of the land on the " hill," back of the village, as it was then called, in contradistinction to the old or lower FIRST SURVEY OF THE TOWN. 25 Town, Col. C. owning south and Judge Lucas north of Market street, their dividing line, to lay out an addition to the Town, which was accordingly done in May, 1816, and the lots brought into mar- ket. A number of them in the center near to Mar- ket street were sold, and a few houses erected thereon of brick and frame. Prior to 1816, there were but two houses on the " Hill," both stone; one inside the old fortification, completed in 1791, for the residence of the officers of the few troops in the garrison and the other, built by Judge Lucas in 1812, for his residence, on the ground now occupied by the Public School Library, 7th and Chestnut. THE MARKET HOUSE, built on the public square (Block 7), was the first one west of the Mississippi river. It was completed and opened Sept. 1, 1812. Sixty-four feet long by 30 feet wide, with 12 stalls. Rent, from $10 to $30 per annum. A clerk of the Market appointed, to be paid $104 per annum. The first survey of the Town to ascertain the true corners and lines of the blocks and streets, was made in the year 1818, by Joseph C. Brown, U. S. Deputy Surveyor, previous to which period, every person who inclosed his lot, or built a house, fixed its location as best he could from the surroundings, usually taking Laclede's Block as the initial point, and as some of the early improvements were made a long distance from this, and the place thickly cov- 26 HISTORICAL. ered with timber, it was almost impossible to be any way accurate. Mr. Brown found it a difficult and tedious job, he was a long time at it, taking La- clede's Block as his starting point, the lines of which he first established, and then all the others .seriatim, driving cedar stakes in the precise center of the intersections making two plats of the same. ACT OF CONGRESS CHANGING ' ' LOUISIANA ' ' TERRI- TORY TO "MISSOURI." 1812, June 4. The territory heretofore called " Louisiana," shall hereafter be called "Missouri." The Governor shall be appointed by the Presi- dent for 3 years, and must reside in the territory. The Secretary for 4 years, also to reside in the territory. The General Assembly shall consist of the Gov- ernor, Legislative Council and House of Represen- tatives. The representatives to be elected by the voters for two years, every 500 inhabitants to be en- titled to one representative, until they number 25, then the ratio to be regulated by the General As- sembly. For the first election there shall be 13 elected, for which purpose the Governor shall divide the territory into 13 precincts previous to October 1st next. These first representatives will meet in St. Louis, on the first Monday of December, 1812. They shall nominate 18 persons to the President of the United States, who will appoint nine of them as members of the Legislative Council. And the Governor GOVERNOR WM. CLARK. 27 shall convene the first General Assembly at St. Louis, as soon as may be convenient after the ap- pointment of the Legislative Council. Afterwards the General Assembly shall meet once in each year at St. Louis, on the first Monday of December. A delegate to Congress shall be elected by the people at the election for the Assembly. This act to go into effect on the first Monday in October, 1812. HENRY CLAY, Speaker House of Representatives. WM. H. CRAWFORD, Preset Senate pro tern. Approved, JAMES MADISON, Prest. 1812, Dec. 5. The first meeting of the Territorial House of Representatives, to select a Legislative Council, was held at the house of Major Peter Chouteau, Sr. 1813, July 3. Gen. Wm. Clark has accepted the governorship of the territory. He arrived here on Thursday last. 1813, July 17. Gov. Clark's proclamation for an election. 1814, Sept. 24. Gov. Clark's proclamation declar- ing Rufus Easton elected delegate to Congress on Sept. 17th. Easton 948, McNair 854, Hammond 744, Riddick 35. Total 2581 votes. 28 HISTORICAL. 4 1816, Sept. 21. Gov. Clark's proclamation of re- sult of election for delegate in Congress August 5th; for John Scott 1816, Kufns Easton 1801. Scott's majority 15. Total votes 3617. Easton contested Scott's right to the seat on the score of fraud in the election. The committee on elections in Congress, reported that " John Scott is " not entitled to a seat in this house as delegate " from the territory of Missouri," and " resolved " that Rufus Easton is entitled to the seat." How- ever the house decided that, " the election being "illegally conducted, the seat of the delegate from " that territory was vacant." 1817, Sept. 13. Election for delegate to Congress, Aug. 4. John Scott 2406, Kufus Easton 2014. Total 4420. Majority for Scott 392. 1819, Sept. 15. Proclamation of Frederick Bates, Acting Governor, of the result of the election for delegate to Congress August 6th. John Scott 1824, Saml. Hammond 1105, Scatter- ing 4. Total 2933. Scott's majority 715. ACTS OF THE GENERAL ASSEMBLY OF MISSOURI TERRITORY. 1813, July 28. First act regulating weights and measures. 1813, July 29. A Sheriff to be appointed by the Governor for each county for two years. CIRCUIT AND SUPERIOR COURTS. 29 t A census of the inhabitants to be taken October 1, 1813. 1813, Aug. 20. The old courts abolished, and three judges ot' common pleas for each county, for four years, three terms each year. For St. Louis, third Mondays of February and September, and first Monday in June, and a clerk for each court to be Recorder, to take effect Sept. 1. Wm. Clark then Governor. 1813, Aug. 21. Bank of St. Louis incorporated. 1813, Aug. 21. County of Washington established, the 7th county. 1813, Dec. First Legislature in session. 1813, Dec. Boundaries of the seven counties de- fined. 1814, Jan. 4. Elections to be held first Mondays of August. 1815, Jan. 4. A county court to be established for each county except Arkansaw, to be composed of the justices of the peace of said counties, four terms each year, in St. Louis, second Monday of March, June, September and January. A clerk for each to be Recorder. Two circuits established, St. Charles, St. Louis, and Washington, the northern. Ste. Genevieve, Cape Girardeau and New Madrid the southern, three terms a year in St. Louis, the second Mondays of April, July and October, a clerk in each county of the circuit. The Superior Court hereafter but one term a year in each county, in St. Louis first 30 HISTORICAL. Monday in February. Office, of Attorney-General abolished, and a circuit attorney for each circuit created. 1815, Jan. 21. An act for a survey of the town of St. Louis and plat of the same. Legislature sat in San gurnet's old log house on 2nd street. 1815, Jan. 15. Lawrence County established. 1816, Jan. 21. Superior Court to hold two terms annually in each circuit, in St. Louis, for Northern Circuit, third Mondays March and September, a clerk for each circuit to be appointed by the judge. County courts abolished, their duties transferred to the Circuit and Superior Courts. 1816, Jan. 23. Howard County established. John Rice Jones, of Ste. Gene vie ve, president of the council. 1816, Jan. 25. An act for a jail in St. Louis County. 1816, April 29. Act of Congress, a member of the Legislative council from each county for two years, and the Legislature to. meet once in two years instead of annually. 1817, Feb. 1. Bank of Missouri incorporated, capi- tal $250,000. This Legislature sat in Madame Dubreuil's house on Second Street. PUBLIC LANDS. 31 1818, Dec . 17. The ratio for a representative was increased to 700. 1818, Dec. 17. Eight new counties were organized as follows : Jefferson, Franklin, Wayne, Lincoln, Madison, Montgomery, Pike and Cooper, and Lawrence abol- ished, increasing the counties to fifteen, and dividing them into three circuits, as follows : Cooper, Howard, Montgomery, Lincoln and Pike,, the northwest; St. Charles, Franklin, Washington, Jefferson and St. Louis, the northern ; Ste. Gen- evieve, Madison, Wayne, TsTew Madrid and Cape Girardeau, the southern. PUBLIC LANDS. Acts of Congress relating to Land claims, and Public land in the district of Louisiana : 1805, March 2. Provides for a Register or Re- corder of Land titles, to commence his duties on or before -Sept. 1, 1805, and two Commissioners to be appointed by the President, who, with the Recorder, compose the Board of Land Commis- sioners, to commence on or before Dec. 1, 1805 each to receive $2,000 in full, with a Clerk and translator of the Spanish and French languages, to receive $600. This Board was composed at first of Jno. B. C. Lucas and Clement B. Penrose, commissioners, and James Lowry Donaldson, Recorder, with Thos. F. Riddick, Clerk. They entered upon their duties in January, 1806, and in July, 1807, Donaldson re- 32 HISTORICAL. turned to Baltimore, and was succeeded as Recorder by Frederick Bates. They made report, from time to time, to the com- missioner of the General Land Office, at Washing- ton, of their confirmations, viz., from Nb. 1, Dec. 8, 1808, to No. 1342, Jan. 15, 1812, accompanied by a statement of all the claims rejected by the Board, with the testimony and reasons in each case. Under the act of March 3, 1811, the duties of the Board ceased, and a " Register and Receiver were pro- " vided for, when they should become necessary." Congress extended the time to file claims, at differ- ent periods, until June 13, 1812, when they passed a final "Act" to allow u Actual Settlers" to file their claims with the Recorder until Dec. 1. He to report to the General Land Office, at Washington, to be submitted to Congress. April 29, 1816. Act of Congress to provide for a Surveyor-General for Illinois and Missouri. Gen. Wm. Rector was appointed, and in 1817, had St. Louis County surveyed by a Wm. S. Pettus. In 1818, Alexander McNair was appointed Register, and Col. Samuel Hammond, Receiver, for the land district of St. Louis. HISTORICAL ITEMS GAZETTE. 1807. In the spring, Manuel Lisa, a trader, and George Drouillard, who had crossed the Rocky Mountains to the Pacific, with Lewis and Clark, embarked in the Upper Missouri River fur trade with the Indians, with an outfit of $16,000. AMERICAN FUR COMPANY. 33 1808. Fort Osage was commenced early in this year. Gen. Clark held a treaty with the Osages, early in the summer, escorted to the Nation by Capt. M. Wherry's troop of horse from St. Charles, immediately after which Fort Osage was built, and commanded in 1809, by Capt. Eli B. Cleinson, of the 1st Regiment, U. S. Infantry, whose headquarters are at Belief ontaine under Col. Bissell. 1808. In August, Grov. Lewis held a council in St. Louis, with the Sacs and Foxes and lowas of the upper Mississippi, when a tract of three miles square, was ceded by them to the United States, at the head of the lower rapids for the purpose, on which Fort Madison was built the same fall, the first fort built by the United States up the Miss- issippi, Lieut. Kingsley in command. 1809. Early in this year, Win. Clark, Manuel Lisa and Silvestre Labadie formed a copartnership under the title of the American Fur Company, with a capital of $27,000 $9,000 each, to trade with the Indian tribes, in the upper Missouri to the mountains. 1809, May 1. " Big swamp of Louisiana ! ! 1 " " What citizen is there, who is in the smallest de- *' gree alive to the prosperity of our happy country, " who does not feel indignant at the gross false- " hoods and ignorant philippics published against " the Jefferson administration, concerning the pur- u chase of Louisiana? We would recommend these " incendiary editors to the study of Geography, and " they will discover that Louisiana possesses a soil 3 34 HISTORICAL. " equal to any other State or Territory in the Union, " rich in minerals, numerous navigable rivers and " many other advantages, place this desirable coun- " try far above the calumny of the miserable scrib- " biers. Give us industrious planters, and in a " short period Louisiana will become the bright star " in the Federal constellation." Prediction of Joseph Charless, Sr., in his Gazette of above date. Has it not been verified V GAZETTE EDITORIAL. 1809, Aug. 16. " Rogers, chief of the Meramec Shawnees, tells " us that he received a summons from Waubeteth- " theh, Delaware chief, and Thathaway, Shawanee " chief, to attend a solemn council at their Town " near Cape Grirardeau, where the three Indians and " a squaw were tried, she acquitted and the three " men found guilty of murder. They were led out "into a thick woods and tomahawked, then placed "on an immense pile of wood and burnt to ashes, " upwards of one hundred men assisting at the ex- " ecution." The Shawanees still occupied their village up the Meramec, known to the whites as Rogers' Town, after their then chief, they frequently visited St. Louis, where they procured their supplies. They were very friendly, many of them being partially civilized. They were still there at the admission in 1820. At same period other Shawanees and Dela- GAZETTE ITEMS. 35 wares had their village on the waters of the St. Francis, in the district of ~New Madrid. South of these there are no others until you reach the Choctaws and Cherokees from the east side, Tennessee and Mississippi, in the White river country. Whole number of Indians in the Territory in 1810: Sacs, Foxes, Shawanees, Delawares, Chero- kees and Choctaws, about 3,000 warriors, 15,000 souls. Osages of the Arkansas and Osage Rivers, 1,500 warriors, 5,000 souls. FROM LOUISIANA GAZETTE, FEB. 15, 1810. "Died, in the island of Santa Margaretta, near "the frontier of France, in Provence, ' Barnaba " Chiaramonti ' (Pope Pius 7th), who was born " in Cesene, Romania, April 14, 1742, created "cardinal April, 1785, elected Pope at Venice, "March 14, 1800, and crowned the 21st of the "same month. Spanish papers say he was poi- " soned, and that his successor as head of the " church, is to be Cardinal Fesch, the uncle of " Bonaparte." GAZETTE, 1810. 1810. Carondelet, 218 souls. Florisant, 270. Herculaneum, 200 souls ; 20 Houses, 1 store, 1 blacksmith, 1 hatter, 2 shot towers, Maclot's just below the Town, and Bates' just above the Town. Several mills near the village. 36 HISTORICAL. 1811, March 11. " Wilson P. Hunt left St. Lonis " with 70 men in barges, on his expedition to the *' Columbia, where he is to meet the JNew York " Fur Company's ship, which is now on its voyage "around to the shores of the Pacific, accompa- " nied by Messrs. Bradbury and Nuttall, English " Botanists, to gather new plants for that " country." To Mr. Joseph Charless, Editor of the Louisiana Gazette : SIR I cannot but feel gratified by the flatter- ing terms in which you speak of the hasty and im- perfect essays of mine published in your paper, on the topography of this territory ; but I have read with regret, in the same paragraph, a statement of my having set out on a journey to the westward, with the intention of visiting the city of Mexico, and of publishing the result of my travels, on my return to my own country. It is true, I have more than once expressed an opinion that such a tour, in case of the independence of the Mexican colonies, and of an amicable intercourse between them and the United States, would be highly interesting; but having de- voted myself to a different pursuit, and besides feel- ing deficient in the qualifications which a person undertaking such a tour ought to possess, I never had any serious thought of it. You will forgive me for troubling you upon a subject which can be of no public interest, but which if passed by in silence, would place me in a disagreeable embarrassment, with respect to my acquaintances, who may suppose that I have left the United States. WAR WITH ENGLAND. 37 An excursion which I made up the Missouri, has doubtless given rise to the idea. It had been my intention to have descended the Mississippi last spring, in order to settle myself in my profession in the lower country, but circumstances preventing, I postponed it until fall, and in the mean time, I was induced to accompany Mr. Manual Lisa to the Man- dan villages, from whence I returned a few days ago, in company with Mr, Bradbury, who had as- cended the river for the purpose of pursuing his re- searches on the natural history of the country. With sentiments of respect, I am yours, &c. H. M. BRACKENRIDGE. ST. Louis, Aug. 2, 1811. CONGRESS DECLARED WAR against England June 19, 1812. The news reached St. Louis on July 9th, and was received with delight by the large mass of the people of the place, partic- ularly the American portion, as it had been expected for some time. A town meeting was held on the succeeding day, at which a preamble and resolu- tions, expressive of the sense of the people on this subject, were unanimously adopted, concluding as follows : Resolved unanimously, that having learned that several companies of volunteers, belonging to the State of Kentucky, have generously offered their services to the Governor for the protection of this territory, the thanks of this meeting be offered to 38 HISTOEICAL. the said volunteers. The evils of our exposed situ- ation are alleviated by the assurance that we have in our neighborhood, hearts to feel for our possible sufferings, and hands to relieve them. Resolved unanimously, that the proceedings of this meeting be published in the paper of this place, and in one of the Gazettes of Lexington, Kentucky, and that a copy of them be transmitted by the chair- man to the President of the United States. CHARLES GRATIOT, Chairman. JAMES F. HULL, Secretary. July 11, 1812. TOWN MEETING of a large number of the principal inhabitants of St. Louis held Monday, February 15, 1813, to consult on the situation of the country in consequence of the war. Major Wm. Christy, Chairman, and Wm. C. Carr, Secretary. "Resolved, that a committee of five persons be 4 1 appointed to take into consideration the situation " of the town of St. Louis, and report thereon to a " subsequent meeting of the inhabitants." " Resolved, that Col. A. Chouteau, C. B. Pen- "rose, Wm. Christy, B. Pratt and Ber'd G. Farrar " be the committee." "Resolved, that the said committee report on " Wednesday next at 2 o'clock p.m. COMMITTEE OF SAFETY. 39 WEDNESDAY, February 17, 1813. Pursuant to the resolutions of the 15th inst., the committee made their report to the present meeting, which being read, with its accompanying resolutions, were unanimously adopted, viz. : "Resolved, that it is the unanimous opinion of this "Assembly that the town of St. Louis ought to be " fortified, or put in a state of defense, as speedily 1 'as practicable, and in order that the objects em- " braced by these resolutions, equally dear and de- " sirable to us all, may be the more conveniently " effected, it is furthermore, "Resolved unanimously that a committee of "seven be appointed to be called and styled the " ' Committee of Safety ' for the town of St. Louis, "vested with absolute power not only to adopt and * ' devise the best measures for our defense or f ortifi- " cations, but also to have the same carried into " effect." " Resolved, also, unanimously, that as soon as * ' those measures of defense or fortification shall be " adopted and made known by the said committee to " the citizens of this place and those of the vicinity "who may wish to be associated with them, the " present assembly pledge themselves to support " them, and to aid in carrying them into immediate " operation." Resolved, that the said committee shall apportion as justly and equally as may be, according to the property and means possessed by each person, the proportion of work that may be necessary for them 40 HISTORICAL. to perform ; and for as much as this is a free and voluntary association for objects common to us all, to wit : the defense of our property and lives, and the protection of our wives and children, it is therefore " Resolved, that if any person shall refuse " or neglect to perform the portion of work requested " of them as aforesaid, they shall and ought to be " considered enemies to their country." " Resolved, that Col. A. Chouteau, George Wil- " son, William Christy, Francois Guyol, Robert Lu- " cas, Clement B. Penrose and William Smith, be "and they are hereby appointed the Committee of " Safety for the town of St. Louis." "Resolved, lastly, that a copy of these proceedings be presented by the ' Committee of Safety ' to each inhabitant of St. Louis and its environs for their sig- nature." WM. CHRISTY, Chairman. WM. Co CARR, Sec. Feb. 20, 1813. LEGISLATURE OF MASSACHUSETTS. A majority sent a remonstrance to Congress against the war with Great Britain, and other measures of the General Government. A patriotic minority of the Legislature protested against this action of the majority of their body, and in an address to Congress, condemns the action of the said majority as unwise and unpatriotic, and set TERRITORY" TO BE CALLED MISSOURI. 41 forth their views upholding and sustaining the Gen- eral Government in the war. The address is signed on behalf of the minority by JOHN HOLMES, WM. MOODY, SOLOMON AIKEN, JOSHUA PRENTISS, JOHN HUNT, AMBROSE HALL. Boston, June 16, 1813. Congressional Representation under the third census of 1810, approved December 21, 1811. Ratio, 35,000. 99 1 New Hampshire, 6 10 Maryland, 9 2 Massachusetts, 20 11 Virginia, 23 3 Vermont, 6 12 North Carolina, 13 4 Rhode Island, 2 13 South Carolina, 9 5 Connecticut, 7 14 Georgia, 6 6 New York, 27 15 Kentucky, 10 7 New Jersey 6 16 Ohio, 6 8 Pennsylvania, 23 17 Tennessee, 6 9 Delaware, 2 18 Louisiana, 1 99 182 The representative from Louisiana, was admitted April 11, 1812. CONGRESSIONAL, RELATING TO MISSOURI, ETC. 1812. June 4. Act changing the name Louisiana, to Missouri Territory, and providing for a Terri- torial Assembly, and a Delegate in Congress. Gazette, July 18, 1812. 42 HISTORICAL. FROM MISSOURI GAZETTE. SATURDAY, NOV. 14, 1812. " Our first Territorial election was held on Mon- " day last, as soon as we can procure complete re- " turns we will publish them. We believe that " Edward Hempstead is elected delegate to Con- " gress." The returns were never published. Mr. Hempstead went to Washington, in Decem- ber, and was in his seat as Delegate, prior to Janu- ary 7, 1813, date of his letter to Mr. Charless, of the Gazette^ and was his correspondent during the session. Gazette, Feb. 13, 1813. 1813. Jan. 15. Mr. H., from Missouri, spoke on the bill to give further time to produce proofs to Land Claims. The Act approved March 3, 1813. 1813. Monday, May 24. Special Session of the 13th Congress. Mr. Hempstead was in his seat, and made several motions on June 4. This special session ended Aug. 2, 1813. Edward Hempstead was Delegate from Nov. 12, 1812, to Nov. 12, 1814. 2 years. PROCLAMATION of the Governor, Wm. Clark, apportioning the rep- resentation in the Territorial Assembly, according to the census recently made, and ordering an elec- tion for same on the first Monday in August, and for a delegate to Congress. July, 1814. TERRITORIAL LEGISLATURE. 43 PROCLAMATION of Governor Clark, announcing the result of the election for Delegate to Congress, Monday, Aug. 1, 1814. Eufus Easton, 948. Saml. Hammond, 744. Alex. Mc^Tair, 854. Thos. F. Riddick, 35. Rufus Easton declared duly elected. Sept. 24, 1814. 1814, Kov. 16. Rufus Easton, Hempstead's suc- cessor took his seat. Gazette, Dec. 17, 1814. Aug. 5, 1816. Election for Delegate to Congress. John Scott, 1,816; R. Easton, 1,801; all others, 30; total, 3,647; Scott's plurality, 15, who re- ceived the certificate of election, it was contested by Easton, on the ground that the vote of Cote Sans Dessein precinct, which had given Scott, 23, and Easton but 1, was illegal, the judges 'hot having been sworn. This fact being established, Congress ordered a new election to fill the va- cancy, which came off Aug. 4, 1817 ; result John Scott, 2,406; Rufus Easton, 2,014; total, 4,420; Scott's majority, 392. Sept. 27, 1817. TERRITORIAL LEGISLATURE, FROM THE GAZETTE. GOVERNOR HOWARD'S PROCLAMATION, 1812, Oct. 1, dividing the Territory into five dis- tricts or counties, and apportioning their repre- sentation, based upon the U. S. census of 1810. 44 HISTORICAL. 1st. St. Charles, north of Mo. Eiver to have 2 members ; 2d. St. Louis to Platin Creek to have 4 members ; 3d. St. Genevieve to Apple Creek to have 3 members ; 4th. Cape Girardeau to have 2 members ; 5th. New Madrid to 33d degree to have 2 mem- bers ; 13 in all ; and ordering the election on 2d Monday of No- vember (9th), next, and returns of same to be made to the Governor. HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES. 1812, Monday, Dec. 7th; from the Journal. First Session. The House assembled pursuant to the Gov- ernor's proclamation in a room of the house of Peter Chouteau, Sr., and were qualified by Judge J. B. C. Lucas. Present : From St. Charles, John Pittman and Robert Spencer, 2. From St. Louis, David Musick, Bernard G. Farrar, Wm. C. Carr and Richard Caulk, 4. From St. Genevieve, George Bullitt, Richard S. Thomas and Israel McGrady, 3. From Cape Girardeau, Geo. F. Bellinger and Stephen Byrd, 2. From New Madrid, John Strader and Samuel Phillips, 2; 13 in all. LEGISLATIVE COUNCIL. 45 Hon : Wm. C. Carr was elected Speaker pro tern., and Thomas F. Blddick, Clerk pro tern.; adjourned. Tuesday, Dec. 8. A Committee on Rules and a committee to wait on acting Gov. Bates, were appointed ; adjourned. Wednesday, Dec. 9. Wm. C. Carr elected perma- nent Speaker. They were in session six days, and adjourned on Saturday, Dec. 12th without day, their only busi- ness being to select eighteen persons to be sub- mitted to the President of the United States, to select therefrom nine, to compose the legislative- council of the territory. And electing Andrew Scott, clerk of the House. Gazette, Dec. 19, 1812. PROCLAMATION OF ACTING GOV. PKED'K BATES. 1813, June 3. That the President of the U. S. had selected for the Legislative Council, James Flaugherty and Benj. Emmons of St. Charles, 2 ; Augustus Chouteau and Samuel Hammond, of St. Louis, 2 ; John Scott and James Maxwell of St. Gene- vieve, 2 ; William Neely and George Cavener of Cape Girardeau, 2; And Joseph Hunter of New Madrid, 1 9 ; and the first Monday of July was designated for the first meeting of the General Assembly at St. Louis. 46 HISTORICAL. 1813, July 5 First Monday : Both houses united in an address to the new Governor, Win. Clark, signed by Win. C. Carr, Speaker of the House of Representatives, and Samuel Hammond, Pres't of the Council, no date. The Governor being absent on public business, his reply to the address was not received until July 26th. Owing to the war, the special session soon ter- minated no official journal of its acts was ever published. SECOND SESSION OF THE FIRST TERRITORIAL LEGIS- LATURE. 1813, Monday, Dec. 6, present : George Bullitt, George F. Bellinger, Stephen Byrd, Wm. C. Carr, Richard Caulk, Bern'd G. Farrar, John Pittman, John Shrader, Robt. Spen- cer 9; George Bullitt was elected Speaker, Andrew Scott, Clerk, and Wm. Sullivan, Door- keeper, and house adjourned. Tuesday, 7th. Israel McGrady in his seat, as also Sam'l Phillips, New Madrid; Messrs. Pittman and Caulk a committee to wait on the Governor. Wednesday, 8th. The Governor met both branches of the Legislature in the Representative Chamber and delivered his address. 9th and 10th. Richard S. Thomas, St. Genevieve, and Barnabas Harris, St. Louis, in their seats. 1814, Jan. 4. Act to regulate Elections approved. 4< Elections to be held on the first Monday of CENSUS OF 1814. 47 " August, 1814, and every second year thereafter, 4 ' and Legislatures to meet on the first Monday of " December." 1814, Jan. 19. Samuel Hammond resigned his seat in the Council, and James Maxwell of Ste. Gene- vie ve elected President in his place. The house nominated Abraham Gallatin and David Musick for the President's choice to fill this vacancy. Adjourned sine die Jan. 19. TERRITORIAL CENSUS OF 1814. 1814, June 23. Proclamation of Governor Win.. Clark, apportioning members of Assembly, and ordering an election on 1st Monday of August. St. Charles County . . . 1696 3 members St. Louis do ... 3149 6 do Washington do ... 1010 2 do Ste.Genevievedo . . . 1741 3 do Cape Girardeau .... 2022 4 do New Madrid .... 1548 3 do Arkansas . 827 1 do 11993 22 members. SECOND TERRITORIAL LEGISLATURE. 1814, Dec. 5 ; Monday ; First Session ; from the Journal. St. Charles County : John Pittman, Peter Jour- ney and Jno. G. Heath, 3; 48 HISTORICAL. St. "Louis County: Barnabas Harris, Rich'd Caulk, Wm. C. Carr, Robert Simpson, Kincaid Caldwell, 5 ; Washington County : Nicholas Wilson, Philip McGuire, 2 ; Ste. Genevieve County: Richard S. Thomas, Jas. Caldwell, Aug. Demun, 3 ; Cape Girardeau County : Stephen Byrd, Geo. F. Bollinger, Robert English, and Joseph Sewell, 4 ; New Madrid County: John Davidson, Geo. C. Hart, Hy. H. Smith, 3. Arkansas County, 1 22. James Caldwell, of Ste. Genevieve, elected Speaker; Andrew Scott, Clerk; William Sullivan, Doorkeeper. Wm. Neely elected President Council, to suc- ceed James Maxwell, deed. Seth Emmons, Representative of St. Louis County, had died, and Chas. Lucas was elected to the vacancy. John Rice Jones and Alexander Henry were named to fill the vacancy of Maxwell, dec'd, and Jones appointed by the President. Tues. 6. Governor's Message received. Legislature occupied two rooms in Sanguinet's house. Session closed in January, 1815. Proceedings not found in Gazette. SECOND LEGISLATURE, SECOND SESSION. 1815. Monday, Dec. 4, at the house of Mad'e Du- brenil, Second Street, from THIRD LEGISLATURE. 49 St. Charles John Pittman, Peter Journey and John G. Heath, 3 ; St. Louis Barnabas Harris, Richard Caulk, Robert Simpson, Win. C. Carr, Kincaid Cald- well, and Charles Lucas, 6 ; Washington Hardage Lane and Stephen F. Austin, 2 ; Ste. Genevieve James Caldwell, Isadore Moore, and August Demun, 3 ; Cape Girardeau Stephen Byrd, George F. Bellinger, Robert English and Joseph Sewell, 4; Xew Madrid Robert D. Dawson and John Davidson, 2. Arkansas Henry Cassidy, 1 21. James Caldwell, elected Speaker. Andrew Scott, Clerk. William Sullivan, Doorkeeper. Adjourned sine die, Thursday, Jan. 25, 1816. Matthias McGirk was in the Council from St. Charles. THIRD LEGISLATURE. 1816. First Monday, Dec. 2nd. St. Charles Hugh McDermid, Evans, and Spencer, 3 ; St. Louis .Edward Hempstead, James Mackey, John Coons, Jno. W. Honey, Barnabas Harris, Jesse Murphy, and Jno. E. Allen, 7; Washington Hardage Lane and Stephen F. Austin, 2 ; Ste. Genevieve Nathaniel Cook, Isadore Moore and John McArthur, 3 ; 50 HISTORICAL. Cape Girardeau Geo. F. Bellinger, Robert English and John Dunn, 3 ; New Madrid Robert D. Dawson, 1. Arkansas Edward Hogan, 1; Howard Benjamin Cooper, James Alcorn, 2 ; Lawrence Joseph Hardin and Alex. S. Walker, 2 24. Edward Hempstead, Speaker. Andrew Scott, Clerk. William Sullivan, Doorkeeper. House adjourned sine die, Saturday, Feby. l r 1817. LEGISLATIVE COUNCIL, MONDAY, DEC. 2, 1816. St. Charles Benjamin Emmons. St. Louis John Ward. Washington Samuel Perry. Ste. Genevieve Joseph Bogy. Cape Girardeau William Neely . New Madrid Joseph Hunter. Arkansas James Cummins. Lawrence Richard Murphy. Wm. Neely, President, unanimously; Joseph V. Gamier, Sec'y. The only time the Council doings were printed, Deer. 17, 1816; and Feb. 15, 1817. 1816. April 29 ; An Act of Congress amending the Act of June 4, 1812, in relation to the Leg- islative Council, fixing the number at one member from each County, to be elected by the voters at each general election to serve two years. SPECIAL SESSION. 61 The Legislature to meet biennially, in lieu of annual sessions. Enumeration of white males in 1818, and appor- tionment of members of the Legislature under the same, the ratio being afterwards raised to 700. Howard County 3,386 6 Mem. Surplus 386 St. Charles County ....2,866 5 " " 366 St. Louis County 4,725 9 '/ " 225 Ste. Genevieve County. 2,205. 4 " " 205 Washington County.... 1,245 2 " " 245 Cape Girardeau County. 2,593 5 " " 93 New Madrid County... 669 1 " " 169 Lawrence County 1,529 3 " " 29 Arkansas County 827 1 " " 327 20,045 36 2,045 PROCLAMATION OF GOV. WILLIAM CLAKK, August 31, 1818, convening a special session of the Legislature of the Territory of Missouri, on the fourth Monday, October the 26th, 1818, at E. Maury's Hotel, on Second Street. From Howard County, John Adams, Samuel Brown, David Jones, Daniel Munro, Thomas Rogers and George Tompkins, 6. From St. Charles County, Hugh McDermid, Chris- topher Clark, Win. Smith, James Talbot and Ira Cottle, 5. From St. Louis County, David Barton, Barnabas Harris, Hy. S. Geyer, Robert Wash, John W. Harvey, Jno. C. Sullivan, Marie P. Leduc, Daniel Richardson, David Musick, 9. 52 HISTORICAL. From Washington County, Lionel Brown and Stephen F. Austin, 2. From St. Genevieve County, Isadore Moore, Davis F. Marks, William Shannon and Joab Walters, 4. From Cape Girardeau, Johnson Ranney, Robert English, Joseph Sewell, Erasmus Ellis and James Raven scroft, 5. From New Madrid County, Stephen Ross, 1. From Lawrence County, Perry G. Magness, Joseph Harden and Jno. Davidson, 3. From Arkansas County, Edmund Hogan, 1 36. Organization, David Barton, elected Speaker unanimously; Andrew Scott, Clerk; William Sullivan, Door-keeper. Fred'k Bates, Acting Governor, delivered his message. John C. Sullivan, St. Louis, resigned his seat, and Chas. S. Hempstead, elected. THE LEGISLATIVE COUNCIL. Benjamin Emmons, St. Charles, President. Thomas F. Riddick, St. Louis. Samuel Perry, Washington. Jno. D. Cook, St. Genevieve. Geo. F. Bollinger, Cape Girardeau. Robert D. Dawson, 'New Madrid. Henry Cassiday, Arkansas. Adjourned sine die December 23rd, 1818. The journal was printed to December the 12th. This, the last territorial Legislature, adopted a memorial to Congress, praying the establishment of a State Government. POST-OFFICE. 53 POST-OFFICE AT ST. LOUIS, FROM GAZETTE. 1808. Established in the Spring of 1808. Col. Rufus Easton appointed by the President first Postmaster at St. Louis. His first quarterly list of letters remaining in the P. O. June 30, 1808, was forty. 1808, Aug. 10. An article in the Gazette complains of the failure of the mails from Vincennes and St. Genevieve to Caholda, from which place another rider brings them to St. Louis and St. Charles. These were all the mail routes then west of Indi- ana and Kentucky. Mails from Philadelphia and New York usually about six weeks on their way, and from Europe three months. 1809, Jan'y. 25. " No mail from the east for more "than two months. Excessively cold and no " thermometer in the place to record the degree." 1810, Nov. 7. Rufus Easton, Postmaster, advertises for carrying the mails once a fortnight from St. Louis, by Mine a Burton (now Potosi), to St. Genevieve. Nov. 14. The mails from St. Louis to Cahokia east, once a week. St. Louis to Herculaneum, Mine a Burton and St. Genevieve once in two weeks, and St. Louis to St. Charles once a week. Easton was Postmaster for 6 1-2 years, and kept the Post-office at his residence, Elm and Third, and getting tired of it turned it over to his brother-in-law, Doct. Robert Simpson, in Octo- ber, 1814, who being in the drug business, kept 54 HISTORICAL. the P. O. in his store; he was Postmaster four years. , Capt. A. T. Crane, late of the Army, succeed- ed Simpson in October, 1818; he died in 1819, holding the office a year. Col. Elias Rector, the fourth, succeeded Capt. Crane in 1819, and died in 1822, being in office three years. The P. O. was then in the old man- sion of Mrs. Chouteau, southwest corner of Main and Chestnut streets. MISCELLANEOUS ITEMS, FROM GAZETTE. 1809, June 14. Some straggling loway Indians, in- festing the country on the other side, between Cahokia and Wood river for several weeks, steal- ing pigs, etc., crawling on all fours, and imitating the notes of the mud-lark. One poor devil being more successful than the rest in his imitations, and being obscured by the bushes, was fired on and killed. This has put a stop for the present to their depredations. Sept. 27. A brief notice of the death at Vienna, May 31st, of Haydn, the celebrated composer of music. 1810, Sept. 21. Charles Cotesworth Pinckney, of South Carolina, has been promoted from the Pres- idency of the Jockey Club, to the Presidency of the Bible Society in Charleston. " The kingdom of Heaven suffereth violence, " and the violent take it by force." DINNER TO GOV. HOWARD. 55 1811, Jan. 16. NOTICE. Several persons having shown to the monks of Latrappe, a desire to purchase watches, if they would sell them for trade the said monks, in order to satisfy everybody, give notice to the pub- lic, that until the end of the year 1811, they will sell watches, clocks, and other silver-smith, work, and also fine horses, for the following articles in trade viz.: wheat, corn, linen, beef, pork, cat- tle, leather, tallow, blankets, etc. URBAN GUILLET, Of the monks of Latrappe, at the mound, 9 miles from Cahokia. N. B. Cheaper for money. GOVERNOR HOWARD. 1810, Sept. 27. On Monday, the 24th inst., a pub- lic dinner was tendered by the citizens of St. Louis to Gov. Howard. In the evening the Assembly Room was thrown open to a crowded assemblage of beauty and fashion, when the lovers of the mazy dance en- joyed themselves until morning. BATTLE OF TIPPEOANOE, NOV. 7, 1811. 1812, Feb. 15. A full return of the killed and wounded at this battle is given by the Adjutant Col. John O'Fallon in this Gazette with names of the officers. 56 HISTORICAL. Nov. 21, 1812. QOV. HOWARD. A dinner was given by a large number of citi- zens of St. Louis on this day, to Gov. Howard, as a mark of their appreciation of his efficiency in the measures taken by him for the defense of the Territory. 1813, May 8th. Robert Steuart, Ramsey Crooks, Joseph Miller and Robert McClelland, with three hunters, arrived a few days ago from the mouth of the Columbia river. PROGRESS. In despite of the Savages, Indian and British, the country is progressing in improvements. A red and white lead manufactory has been established in this place by a citizen of Philadelphia, by the name of Hartzhog.* This enterprising citizen has caused extensive works to be erected, to which he has added a handsome brick house, on our principal street, for retailing merchandise. We understand that his agent here has already sent several hundred thousand weight of manufac- tured lead to the Atlantic States. Editorial, July 17th, 1813. * Thia was Joseph Hertzog, of Philadelphia, uncle to Christian and Andrew Wilt. COL. DANIEL BOONE. 5T ! ! ! We are again tantalized with a defalcation in the mail department ; the weather is too warm for these tender gentry to travel, and the Postmasters are too good natured to tell tales at Washington. How the Shawaneetown Postmaster can get over his oath ia not an easy task to tell for he swears he will faithfully perform his duties. The Post-office law says he must employ a rider in case of failure in those who have the contract. Editorial, Aug. 14, 1813. FALSE ALARM. In a part of our impression of last week we an- nounced the approach of our red brethren in consid- erable force ; late on Saturday night an express arrived with a contradiction of the report, but too late to stop the march of the volunteers ; numbers had rode off to the frontier to join in the repulsion of the savages. We understand that' the propaga- tor of the mischievous story has been severely pun- ished. August 14, 1813. ACT OF CONGRESS. For the relief of Col. Daniel Boone, confirms to him 1000 arpents of land, claimed by him under a grant, bearing date January 28, 1798, and the Re- corder of Land titles, for the territory of Missouri,. 58 HISTORICAL. is directed to issue to the said Boone, a certificate for the same. Approved. JAMES MADISON, Preset. Jan. 17, 1814. PRAIRIE DU CHIEN. 1814. In the spring of this year, Governor Clark started with five barges and about 200 volunteers, under Capts. Yeizer and Sullivan, and 60 U. S- Regulars under Lieuts. Joseph Perkins and Geo. H. Kennerly, to take possession of Prairie du Chien, which, although an American Territory, was still occupied by Indians and traders to the exclusion of Americans, and establish a garrison there which having- accomplished, and com- menced the erection of a fort, Clark returned to St. Louis with his volunteers in July, leaving the regulars to garrison the place. In the summer of 1814, many families and indi- viduals were surprised and butchered by Indians within a short distance of St. Louis, on Wood River, Illinois, several families in St. Charles County, etc. THE DEATH OF GENERAL HOWARD, on Sunday, Sept. 18, 1814, of a short but severe illness, is announced. Sept. 24, 1814. JACKSON'S VICTORY. 59 MR. CHARLESS, In a short editorial to his patrons, informs them, that the large increase to his subscription list, in- duces him to order a new printing- press, paper and materials for a paper of larger size which he will receive by the first arrivals in the spring. Dec. 17, 1814. Also a notice of the death at Washington City, of Elbridge Gerry, Yice-President of the United States, on Nov. 24. JUVENILE COMPANY. The subscribers are anxious to raise an infantry company of young men between 14 and 18 years of age, to do duty when called upon, south of the Mis- souri river. Those who wish to join, first obtaining the consent of their parents, will apply to EDWARD CHARLESS or JOHN Russ. Jan. 21, 1815. 1815, Feb. News received of Jackson's victory at New Orleans on Jan. 8. A Solemn High Mass and Te Deum was celebrated in the church, and a patriotic discourse by the Rev'd Father Savigne. GLORIOUS NEWS OFFICIAL. Extract from Major-Gen. Carroll to W. Tanne- hill, at U. S. Saline. NEW ORLEANS, Jan. 13, 1815. " I pass over the battle of the 23d, etc., and in- form you of the event of the 8th inst. At daybreak 60 HISTORICAL. they advanced in great force on the left of our line where the Tennessee militia were stationed. At 75 yards distance, they displayed column under a heavy fire from our small arms, grape and cannister and ar- tillery. They came within a few paces of our works, but were repulsed with great loss. They were soon reinforced, and renewed the attack with double vigor, but were again repulsed and routed, in two hours the battle was over, not more than about 400 had reached our entrenchments, such as were not killed were made prisoners. Their loss was about 500 killed, 1000 wounded and prisoners. Total in this battle, 1,500. Lieut. -Gen era! Sir Edward Packenham, brother- in-law of the Duke of Wellington, Major-General Keene and other officers of high rank killed. Americans killed, 6 ; wounded, 24 ; total, 30. Feb. 11, 1815. EXTRACT FROM MR. MACLOT TO MR. CABANA. ORLEANS, Jan. 14, 1815. The enemy have re-embarked leaving their wounded and prisoners, they landed 9,966 men, after the action 1,906 were missing in the next morning's report. They acknowledge a loss in the various en- gagements of over 3,600. Their total loss may be fairly put down at 4,000. Feb. 18, 1815. A FEDERAL SALUTE will be fired this evening, and the citizens are re- quested to illuminate their windows in honor of the GAZETTE EDITORIAL. 61 brilliant success of the American arms at New Orleans. Feb. 18, 1815. TREATY OF PEACE. The news was received at Philadelphia, on Sunday, the 12th of February, by the British sloop of war Favorite, at New York, the 10th, and was ratified at Washington on the 17th, the President's Procla- mation announcing- the same, was issued on the 18th, and appeared in the Gazette of Saturday, March 25th, with a copy of the Treaty in full. EDITORIAL. Ill a hand-bill published by Major Berry, on Tues- day last, I have been severely censured, and charged with making "fallacious and disrespectful remarks," in publishing an account of his mission to Rock River. Those who may have read the last Gazette, and his hand-bill will acquit me of fallacy; 'tis true I did not give his report in full, because I always give preference to merit in the selections for my paper. On the charge of disrespect, I must plead want of information, for until the Major informed me that he ranked as Major in the line, and was a Deputy Quartermaster General, I was ignorant of the matter. But should my pen or press be employed in recording any of his achievements in future, I will announce him, Major Taylor Berry, Deputy Quartermaster General. Jos. CHARLESS. May 6, 1815. 62 HISTOKICAL. THE BOARD OF OFFICERS assembled at the City of Washington, to curtail the army, has performed that unpleasant task and retired. The Army Register, according to the new estab- lishment, has been printed and published by author- ity at Washington. The United States are formed into two Military Divisions, the North and South. General Brown to command the former, and General Jackson the latter, as Major Generals. Under General Brown, Generals Ripley and Macomb, will serve as Briga- diers, as will Gaines and Scott under Gen. Jackson. June 17, 1815. THE COUNTY JAIL. 1816. In the Spring of this year, Judge Jno. B.C. Lucas laid out his addition to the Town of St. Louis on the hill west of Fourth Street. His first deed for a lot in this addition was to the County of St. Louis for the northwest quarter of Block No. 114, upon which to erect a County Jail, the lot was 135 feet on Chestnut Street by 115 on 6th. The Jail was commenced in 1817, but for want of funds it progressed slowly, and was not completed until the winter of 1819-20. The build- ing covered nearly the whole lot, with the excep- tion of a small portion reserved from the south part of the lot for a Jail yard. It was used as such for many years, and on the completion of the Four Courts it was removed, and the Laclede Hotel now occupies its site. TOBIAS LEAR'S SUICIDE. 63 ARCHBISHOP JOHN CARROLL. The Gazette announces the death in Baltimore on the 3rd, December nit., of this venerable Prelate, hi the eightieth year of his age. July 13, 1816. ACT OF CONGRESS Approved March 25, 1816, provides for the Reg- istry of Lands in the District of St. Louis. Notice is given by Alex. MdSTair, Register, that the Land Office at St. Louis is now open for th*e entry of Lands, &c. June 13, 1816. TOBIAS LEAR. The Georgetown Messenger, of Sept. 22d, an- nounces that: "Yesterday morning between the " hours of 9 and 10 o'clock, Tobias Lear, Esq., ac- " countant of the War Department, put a period to "his existence by shooting himself through the "head." " We have not as yet learned the causes which led "to the perpetration of this unhappy deed; Mr. " Lear was naturally cheerful and pleasant; on the "fatal morning, Mr. Lear breakfasted with his " family in his usual good humor, and was proceed- ing, as they thought, to his office, when the re- " port of a pistol was heard from the back part of "the garden. Mr. Lear, son of the deceased, im- " mediately proceeded to the spot from whence the HISTORICAL. "sound appeared to issue, and found his father weltering in his -Nov. 30, 181(5. " weltering in his blood." In the year 1811 James Baird, a blacksmith, put up a large frame building for his shop on 3rd, below Spruce. It was afterwards used for other purposes ; theatricals, exhibitions, religious meet- ings, preaching, etc., etc., but was for some years generally called the Theatre. 1816, Oct. 5. Divine service will be performed in the Theatre on Sunday, the 27th inst., by the Rev'd Mr. Blackburn, from Tennessee. 1816, Oct. 12. The Rev'd Mr. Brown, from Vir- ginia, will perform divine service at the Theatre to-morrow, to commence at 11 o'clock a. m. 1816, Nov. 16. The Rev'd Mr. Giddings will preach at the Theatre to-morrow at 11 o'clock a. in. 181 7, April 26. MARRIED, "In Boonsborough, Maryland, by the Rev'd "Frederick Underducker, Mr. Michael Lingum- 1 1 f eltz to Miss Kitty Fertzelhunter the brides- " maid was Miss Peggy Shellhammer and grooms- " man Mr. John Smackpepper." 1817, Sept. 13. Mr. August P. Chouteau, Mr. Demun and companions, after forty-eight days' confinement in the prison of Santa Fe, returned on Sunday last to their rejoicing families and friends. PRESIDENTIAL ELECTIONS. 65 1818, April 10. A RESOLUTION of the House of Representatives of the United States calling on the President for any informa- tion he may possess, relating to the imprisonment at Santa Fe, New Mexico, of Aug. P. Chouteau, Julius Demun, Robert McKnight, James Baird, J. Harro and others adopted. GAZETTE ITEMS, STATISTICS. 1809, Mar. 8. For President. James Madison . 122 Chas. C. Pinckney . 48 George Clinton . . 6 Total votes 176 1813, April 17. James Madison George Clinton Total . 1817, Mar. 29. James Monroe Rufus King 217 Vice- President. George Clinton Rufus -King . Scattering . 128 Elbridge Gerry 89 C. I. Ingersoll 118 43 15 176 131 86 217 183 Dan'ID. Tompkins 183 31 Scattering ... 31 Total 214 214 66 HISTOEICAL. 1810. Third U. S. Census, for Missouri Territory. District of St. Charles, 3,505 ; St. Louis, 5,667 ; St. Genevieve, 4,620; Cape Girardeau, 3,888; New Madrid, 2,103 ; Hope and St. Francois, 188 ; Arkansas, 874. Total Territory, 20,845. 1815, Dec. 9. By John W. Thompson, Sheriff. Town of St. Louis, 2,000; whole county, 7,395; gain in 2 years, 1,200. 1820, Aug. 1. U. S. Census, Town about 4,000; whole county, 9,732. ILLINOIS TOWN. 1817. Opposite St. Louis, was laid out by John McKnight and Thomas Brady, in Oct., 1817. In 1818, Mr. Charless issued his first Missouri Almanac, which he continued annually for many years. 1818. THE U. S. LAND OFFICE, for the entry of Public Lands was opened early in 1818, Alexander McNair, Register, and Samuel Hammond, Receiver. The county had been sur- veyed in 1817 by Wm. S. Pettus, a Deputy U. S. Surveyor. ERIN BENEVOLENT SOCIETY. 67 1818. MECHANICS' BENEVOLENT SOCIETY, April 17, organized, Joseph Charless, Sr., Presi- dent, and Abraham Keys, Secretary. 1818, Feb. 9. ERIN BENEVOLENT SOCIETY. A meeting of Irishmen to form a benevolent so- ciety was held at the house of Jeremiah Connor. Thomas Brady, Chairman, and Thomas Hanly, Sec'y. A committee of five, Jeremiah Connor, James McGunnegle, John Mullanphy, Alex. Blackwell and Arthur Magenis, was appointed to frame resolutions. Adjourned to meet Tuesday 24th inst., at 10 o'clock A. M., at the house of Thomas Brady. 1819, Oct. 10. A meeting of Irish Citizens, held at the house of Jeremiah Connor, at which he pre- sided, and James Nagle, Esq., acted as Secretary, adopted a Constitution for the " Erin Benevolent Society," and adjourned to Thursday, the 21st, for an election for officers, etc. Oct. 21. Met pursuant to adjournment, and pro- ceeded to the election. Jeremiah Connor, Prest. ;. Thomas Hanly, Yice-Prest. ; Hugh Ranken, Treas. ; Laurence Ryan, Sec. ; Thos. English, James Timon, Robt. 1ST. Catherwood, Joseph Charless and Hugh O'Xeil, Standing Committee, and John Timon, Robt. Ranken and Frans. Roch- ford, Visiting Committee. (38 HISTORICAL. ST. PATRICK'S DAY. 1820, March 17. The first observance of the day in St. Louis occurred on this day, by a procession of the Society, and a dinner, at which a number of toasts and sentiments were drank the first one "The 17th of March, the 1326th Anniversary, &c." 1820. THE MISSOURI FUR COMPANY, organized this year, was composed of Manuel Lisa, President; Thomas Hempstead, Joshua Pilcher, Joseph Perkins, Andrew Woods, Moses B. Car- son, Jno. B. Zenoni, Andrew Drips and Robert Jones 9. GAZETTE ITEMS. CHRIST CHURCH CONGREGATION. 1819. The Rev'd John Ward, Episcopalian, from Lexington, Ky., preached at the Baptist Church, corner of 3rd and Market, on Sunday, Oct. 7th, the first sermon to the few Episcopalians at that day in St. Louis. Dec. 8. After due notice, a meeting took place at the office of Thos. F. Riddick on Monday, Dec. 6, 1819, to elect Wardens and Vestry men for the congregation of Christ Church about to be formed and the following gentlemen were elected to serve until Easter Monday, 1820 : Thos. F. Riddick and Wilson P. Hunt, for Wardens ; Wm. Stokes, Jos. V. Gamier, Robert EPISCOPAL CHURCH . 69 Wash, Win. Rector, Henry Yon Phul, James Kennerly, James Clemens, Jr., and Sam'l Ham- mond, for Vestry men. THEODORE HUNT, Manager of Election. Mr. John Ward was the first Rector for some years. Their first church was a large one story frame of 30 feet by 70, on the west side of 2nd, just below Walnut, which they occupied for some years, and in 1826 built their first brick at the northwest corner of Chestnut and Third, on the ground now covered by the southeast corner of the Merchants' Exchange building. Mr. Ward being succeeded by the Rev'd Thos. Horrell as Rector. 1819, June 9. A meeting of citizens was held at Col. Riddick's auction house, to make prepara- tions for the reception of the President, James Monroe, then on a Western tour, and expected in St. Louis. But after reaching Nashville, Tenn., he was unexpectedly called back to Washington by im- portant public business. THE 4:TH OF JULY, ITEMS FROM THE GAZETTE. Until recent years, and that not very long back, we had no " Legal Holidays" made so by enact- ment. The Fourth of July, our only national day for many years, after we had accomplished our Inde- 70 HISTORICAL. pendence grew to be generally observed, in cities and large towns by military displays, and other festivities, and in small communities by public din- ners, balls and parties. 1808. AT ST. CHARLES. July 4, a public dinner at which Mr. Timothy Kibbey was President, and Francis Saucier, Vice- President. 1809. AT HARRISON VILLE, ST. GLAIR CO., At the house of Capt. Tabor Washburn, Shad- rack Bond, President ; Abijah Ward, Yice-Prest. Peter Darling and other citizens to fire the fieldpiece, one gun at day brake, followed by 17 more. At one o'clock P. M. Mr. Murphy sang a hymn and delivered an appropriate prayer. Then the address by Jacob A. Boyes, Esqr., commencing " Fellow Citizens, Brother and Sis- " ter Republicans, we are once more met to cele- " brate," etc., etc. " Then the dinner, with 17 regular toasts, and 1 ' a number of volunteer sentiments by the ladies ; 1st, by Mrs. McClure 'Long may we enjoy peace " and equality, and our religious and civil rights, " under the auspicious wings of the American " Eagle.'" 2nd, by Miss Jane McClure " The genius of the u seventeenth century, Dr. Priestley." JULY 4TH,-CELEBRATIONS. 71 3rd, by Mrs. Coats "Perpetual disappointment " to the enemies of the Union." 4th, by Mrs. Blair " The memory of General "Washington and all the heroes of 1776." Amongst the guests at the celebration was Jabez Warner, afterwards constable of St. Louis, who lost an arm at a 4th of July celebration. 1809. July 4th. AT ST. LOUIS. A dinner given by Capt. Rezin Webster in Lee's orchard,* and a ball at night in the Masons' Hall. 1810. A dinner at Major Wm. Christy's tavern. 1811. A dinner at Major Christy's, Governor Howard in the chair. 1812. A parade of Capt. Mc^air's troop of horse and Col. Musick's company of riflemen. The "Declaration of Independence" read at the Court House by Edward Hempstead, and an oration by James T. Hull. Then a dinner at Major Christy's, Silas Bent, Esqr., President, and Bernard Pratte, Vice-Pres't. 1813. A celebration is mentioned, but no account of it given. 1817. A dinner prepared by Mr. Mills in Mr. Did- ier's orchard, at which Col. Samuel Hammond was President and Judge Silas Bent, Vice-Pres't. * Between Main and Second, Myrtle and Spruce. 72 HISTORICAL. 1818. By the St. Louis Mechanics' Benevolent Society, joined by a large number of the most respectable citizens of St. Louis, Joseph Charless was President and Chas. W. Hunter, Yice-Pres't. The Declaration of Independence was read by Col. Thomas F. Riddick, and dinner prepared by Mr. Horrocks. 1819. A number of gentlemen partook of a dinner in Mr. Peter Didier's orchard, prepared by Mr. Horrocks, at which the Company sat down at 3 P. M., Col. Auguste Chouteau presiding, and Wm. C. Carr, Doct. Pryor Quarles and Col. John Miller, Vice-Presidents. A portrait of George Washington over the President's chair,, surmounted by a large, live eagle. Another celebration took place at Lucas' Spring, where a dinner was provided, James Loper, President, and David B. Hill, Vice-Prest. WASHINGTON'S BIRTHDAY. 1817, Feb. 22. First celebration in St. Louis, by a dinner at Kibby's Washington Hall, in his ele- gant Ball room. Gov. Wm. Clark, President, and Col. McNair, Vice-President. GAZETTE STEAMBOAT ITEMS. 1815, May 11. A new steamboat, the Pike, built at Henderson, on the Ohio, made the trip up to Louisville, 250 miles, 67 hours, against the cur- rent 3 3 /4 miles an hour. EARLY STEAMBOATS. 73 1817, Aug. 9. The steamboat Pike arrived at St. Louis July 27th. 1817, Oct. 4. The steamboat Constitution, Capt. Guyard, for New Orleans the 9th, arrived will make an excursion to Bellefontaine on Tuesday the 7th, for tickets apply to Robert Collett. 1819, May 5. The steamboat Maid of Orleans ar- rived at 'New Orleans from Philadelphia on Feb. 1, 1819, and at St. Louis on Monday evening, May 3rd. May 11. The steamboat Independence, Capt. Nel- son, arrived at St. Louis, left for Franklin on the Missouri, Sunday, the 16th returned to St. Louis, Saturday, June 5 ; absent on the trip, 21 days ; the first steamboat to ascend the Missouri. Wednesday 12. The steamer Expedition, Capt. Craig, for the Yellowstone, arrived. Wednesday 19. The steamer Johnson passed here with troops for the Yellowstone. EARLY THEATRICALS. For the first ten years after our acquisition of the country, theatricals practically were unknown in St. Louis. But toward the close of the year 1814, the population of the place having increased to near 2,000, including a large number of young men from the eastern cities, an amateur dramatic association was organized under the style of the "Thespian Society." 74 HISTORICAL. The only building in the place, at that time, suffi- ciently large for their purpose, was a large one-story frame, built by James Baird for a blacksmith's shop in 1811, on the west side of 3rd, below Spruce. It had a front of about 40 feet, with a depth of 80 feet. They procured the use of this building, closed the large door, the only opening in front, opened a new side entrance through the vacant lot on the north, erected a small stage at the west end, with seats in front rising gradually back to the front of the build- ing, and this was the Theatre for a number of years. FIRST PERFORMANCE. Friday evening, Jan. 6, 1815. A comedy called " The School for Authors," and the much admired farce of " The Budget of Blunders." THEATRE, Saturday evening, March 4, 1815. The celebrated comedy of "The Heir at Law," and the much admired farce of "Fortune's Frolic." THEATRE, Friday evening, March 31, 1815. The favorite comedy, "The Poor Gentleman;" with the afterpiece, " Hit or Miss." The Thespian Society will present Monday even- ing, Dec. 30, 1816, the five-act play called " Lovers Vows," and the farce of "Killing no Murder." THEATRICALS. 75 Excellent music provided, doors open at half-past five, performance to commence at half-past six. Tickets to be had at Mr. James Kennerly's store, and at the Post-office, on the day preceding-, and at the bar of the Theatre on the evening of performance. Price one dollar, children half price. The Thespian Society will present on Thursday evening, Jan. 16, 1817, a comedy in five acts, " Se- crets Worth Knowing," and farce in two acts," The Agreeable Surprise." The Thespian Society will present on Saturday evening, Jan. 25, 1817, Home's celebrated tragedy, in five acts, " Douglass," and the farce in two acts, "Who's the Dupe." Early in the spring of 1818, Mr. Turner opened in this theatre with a small company, the first profes- sional actors that came to St. Louis. For Master Turner's benefit, last night but three. On Friday evening, April 154, 1818, the tragedy of 4i George Barn well, the London Apprentice," and the admired farce, the " Children in the Wood." THEATRE. American Independence In honor of the day. On Saturday evening, July 4, 1818, Hook's cele- brated melodrama, " Tekeli or Siege of Montgatz." Patriotic Address as the genius of America, Mrs. Turner; Song, Mr. King, and farce "Yankee Chronology." 76 HISTORICAL. THEATRE. Saturday evening, July 25, 1818. Benefit of Mrs. ~Vos. The play of " Henry 4th or humors of Sir John Falstaff ," and farce of Intriguing valet. THEATRE. Wednesday evening, July 29, 1818. Benefit of Mr. Vos. " King Richard Third " and " Raising the Wind." THE NEW THEATRE Was a small frame of about 40 by 80 feet, built by Isaac H. Griffith, a carpenter, in the rear of his lot on Main, between Olive and Locust, about the centre of the block ; entrance by a narrow alley from Main street. The first performance in this theatre was on Monday evening, February 1, 1819, by the THESPIAN SOCIETY, with the comedy of "She Stoops to Conquer," and the farce of the " Village Lawyer." The second performance by the society, Thursday, March 11, 1819, tragedy, the " Revenge," and farce " Jew and Doctor." THESPIAN SOCIETY. Feb. 2, 1820. For the benefit of Mrs. Yos. The " Jew and Doctor," and the farce of the " Tooth- ache," with songs and recitations. AMUSEMENTS. 77 THEATRE. 1818, May 25. Christian Wilt, James Kennerly, George H. Kennerly, John R. Guy, Thomas Han- ley, Chas. S. Hempstead, Oliver C. Smith, William Turner, Robert Simpson, Jabez Warner, Thos. F. Riddick, Henry S. Geyer, James Loper, Thomas Hempstead, Robert Wash and Stephen Rector, and others, subscribed to an agreement for the purpose of building a theatre, and appoint- ed Thomas Hempstead, Jno. W. Thompson and Christopher M. Price, managers, to purchase a lot and superintend the building. They purchased a lot 50 feet front on the south side of Chestnut, by 120 feet deep, for $1,500 ; upon this lot they erected the foundation walls, when the funds gave out and the project fell through. The old foundation remained there for some years. The property changed hands, and a frame livery stable was erected thereon, and stood for some years, occupied successively by B. W. Alexander, Bob O'Blenis and others ; finally the Arnots were the last, and put up the present building, now the police office, east and adjoining the Republican building. AMUSEMENTS, FROM THE GAZETTE. 1814, Jan. 15. Eugene Leitensdorfer's exhibition of slight of hand ; admission 50 and 25 cents. 78 HISTORICAL. 1817, Jean. 25. An exhibition in Mr. Everhart's room of " wire dancing and balancing." Feb. 22. "GRAND CONCERT." On Saturday, March 1, at the theatre, will be per- formed a grand concert of music, by Messrs. " Thomas and Louther," assisted by several ama- teurs. 1818, THEATRE. April 11. Benefit of Mr. Martin; comedy of "Road to Ruin." Goldfinch, Mr. Martin; Sophia, Mrs. Turner. See bills. 1819, June 2. MUSEUM Of wax figures ; on exhibition at the Illinois Hotel, Yosti's, Main street, opposite Wilt's Store. SCHOOL NOTICES FROM GAZETTE, 1809. Jan. The Rev. Christopher Frederick Schewe, formerly Professor at Paris, France, pro- poses to open a French and English Grammar School, in the house of Mr. Alvarez, Market Street. (Meeting with poor success as a grammarian, he changed his vocation to painting and glazing.) 20 Sept. Peter St. Martin's Dancing School at Mr. Yosti's house, the last new dances, particu- larly the waltz, also the science of fencing and broadsword. SCHOOLS AND TEACHERS. 79 1 Nov. 16. Isaac Septlivres proposes to teach Draw- ing, Geography, Mathematics and French Gram- mar at Mr. Vincent Bouis' house. 1810, May 9. George Tompkins will open a school in the house of Mr. Alvarez, on Monday, May 7th. 1812, May 9. Madame Pescay's prospectus for a Young Ladies' Academy and Boarding School in Sanguinet's house on Second Street. June 6. Isaac Septlivres and George Tompkins associated to open a school Aug. 7, 1812. 1813, May 8. Mrs. Jane Richard's school to com- mence May 7th, in Manuel Lisa's house on Second Street. 1814, June 4. George Tompkins relinquishes his school. (He changed to the law, and became one of the Judges of the Supreme Court of the State, after our admission.) 1815, James Sawyer announces his intention to open a seminary. 1816, Oct. 12. The Rev. Mr. Giddings will open a school in St. Louis, in a few days. 1817, May 27. Robert S. Lett's school, Main Street next below Mr. Wilt's store. Oct. 25, Durochers' dancing school card at San- guinet's house. 80 HISTORICAL. 1817, Dec. 27. Rev'ds. John M. Peck and James E. Welch, Baptist missionaries, will open an academy near the Post-office. 1818, Jan. 3. Rev. Salmon Giddings will open a school for young ladies and gentlemen on Mon- day, Jan. 5, 1818, at his new house on the hill, south side of Market above 4th. Jan. 23. A. C. Vanhertum, from Amsterdam, will teach the Forte Piarto and Clarionet, at the corner house adjoining the G-azette office. Sept. 8. Mrs. Perdreauville, opened her young ladies academy. -Oct. 23. The Reverend M. JSTiel, with three other Catholic priests, under the auspices of the Right Rev. Bishop Dubourg, will open on the 16th of November, in the house of Mrs. Alvarez, an academy for young gentlemen. 1819, Sept, 13. The Rev. Francis Niel will re-open his school for the second year. 1820, Jan. 26. Miss P. Lefavre's young ladies French and English Academy, at Mr. Michael Tesson's house on Main. Street. April 12. Edward McManus' Juvenile School, in Papin's stone house, upstairs. It would appear that most of these early schools in St. Louis had but a very brief existence. EARLY DUELS. 81 Bishop Dubourg's College, built on the site of the old Catholic Log church, on 2nd, below Market, in 1820. Rev. Francis Niel, curate of the Cathedral Presi- dent. Rev. Leo Deys, Professor of Languages. Rev. Andreas Ferrari, Professor of Ancient Lan- guages. Rev. Aristide Anduze, Professor of Mathematics. Rev. Michael G. Saulnier, Professor of Languages. Mr. Samuel Smith, Professor of Languages. ' O O Mr. Patrick Sullivan, Professor of Ancient Lan- guages. Mr. Francis C. Guyol, Prof. "Writing and Drawing. Mr. John Martin, Prefect of the Studies. EARLY DUELS, FROM THE GAZETTE. FIRST, FARRAR AND GRAHAM. Dec., 1810. The Louisiana Gazette alludes briefly to an affair of honor that took place a few days be- fore, but gives no particulars of it, nor the names of the parties. Doct. Robert Simpson, here at the time and fa- miliar with the facts, long afterwards gives this account of it : " The first duel on Bloody Island was in 1810, " between Doct. Farrar and James A. Graham " Farrar was the bearer of a challenge to Graham " " (he does not say from whom), Graham declined "to accept it, on the plea that the challenger was 6 82 HISTORICAL. "not a gentleman; according to the established " code in such cases, Farrar became the principal u Graham was severely wounded, and went on " crutches for about a year, and died on his way "east."* SECOND, OAPT. GEYER AND GEORGE H. KENNERLY, took place on Bloody Island in 1816, it originated in some trifling misunderstanding. Doct. Simpson was present as Geyer's surgeon. At the second fire Kennerly was wounded in the knee which lamed him for some years. They afterwards be- came good friends, and both lived to become respectable old men with large families, and to laugh at the folly of their younger days. Aug., 1818. FOURTH, CAPTS. MARTIN AND THOS. RAMSEY, both of the 1st Regiment U. S. Rifles, at Blood}' Island, in which Capt. Ramsey received a mortal wound of which, he died shortly after, on Aug. 6th, 1818. Aug., 1817. THIRD, THOMAS H. BENTON AND CHARLES LUCAS. They had two meetings, the first one on Tues- day, August 12th. At 9 o'clock at night of the * Robert Wash administered on his estate and sold his personal effects in Dec., 1811 a, fine riding horse, saddle and bridle, valuable books> clothing and furniture. BENTON AND LUCAS. 83 llth, the evening before the first meeting, Charles Lucas prepared the following 1 written statement of the origin of the differences between himself and Col. Benton : " At the election held on the 4th August, 1817 r " when Benton offered his vote, Lucas inquired " if he, Benton, had paid the tax in time to enable " him to vote Benton then applied abusive and " ungentlemanly language to Lucas, and Lucas " then challenged him." They met on the morn- ing of the 12th, Luke E. Lawless the second of Benton, and Joshua Barton of Lucas. They fired one shot, Lucas was wounded in the neck, and Benton a slight contusion below the right knee. Lucas being too badly wounded to continue the fight, Col. Lawless, Benton' s second, asked him if he was satisfied, to which he replied he was, and did not require a second meeting. Having report- ed this answer to Benton, he said he was not sat- isfied, and required that Lucas should come out again as soon as his wound would permit him. By the time Lucas became sufficiently well to be about, through the exertions of some friends, the matter had been, as was supposed, satisfactorily adjusted to dispense with a second meeting, but a week or ten days after the supposed adjustment of the affair, Benton sent Lucas a challenge for a second meeting, dated Sept. 23, 1817, " alleg- " ing that friends of Lucas had circulated state- " meiits derogatory to him, Benton." Lucas being absent for two or three days, re- turned home on the evening of the 26th. The 84 HISTORICAL. challenge was handed him within an hour after his return, and accepted. On the morning of Saturday the 27th they met on the small island above St. Louis, and took their positions at ten feet distance. They both fired nearly at the same time. Benton's ball went through the right arm of Lucas, penetrated his body in the region of the heart, he fell. Mr. Barton states thus : 6i At the last interview, he, Mr. Lucas, appeared 'I'** equally cool and deliberate, both of them pre- " sented and fired, so nearly together that I could !; " riot distinguish two reports." He died in half " an f hour, aged 25 years and 3 days. A BRIEF SKETCH BY HIS FATHER. Lucas was born Sept. 25, 1792, near - 1 jPittsburg, Penn'a; came with his parents to St. inLouigln 118Q5, then 13 years of age ; sent to Jef- */ ''Hll'.'Sf- BANK OF ST. LOUIS. 85 GAZETTE EDITORIAL. 1817, Sat. 27. "The infernal practice of dueling "has taken off this morning one of the first " characters in our country, Charles Lucas, Esq., " attorney at law. His death has left a blank in " society not easily filled up." TERRITORIAL BANK OF ST. LOUIS, FROM THE GAZETTE. 1813, Aug. 21. Act of the Legislature, incorporat- ing the " Bank of St. Louis." Auguste Chouteau, Jno. B. C. Lucas, Clem- ent B. Penrose, Moses Austin, Bernard Pratte, Manuel Lisa, Thomas Brady, Bartholomew Ber- thold, Samuel Hammond, Rufus Easton, Robert Simpson, Christian Wilt and Bisdon H. Price, appointed commissioners to open the books for subscriptions. Sept. 20. Monday the books were opened, but owing to the distracted condition of the country, consequent on the war, the stock was not taken under the above notice of Sept. 20, 1813, and an application was made to the Legislature for a re- vival of the charter. 1814, Dec. 31. Notice is given by Thos. F. Bid- dick, Risdon H. Price and John Cromwell, that the books will be re-opened for the subscription to the stock of the said Bank of St. Louis. Capital, $100,000. 86 HISTORICAL. 1816, July 13. Christian Wilt gives notice that a sufficiency of stock having been subscribed, an election for thirteen Directors, for the Bank of St. Louis will take place at the Court House, on the first Monday of September. 1816, Sept. 2d, Monday. The following Directors were elected : Samuel Hammond, 809 ; Wm. Eector, 801; Bernard Pratte, 791; Kisdon H. Price, 623; Moses Austin, 551 ; Eli B. Clemson, 550 ; Theodore Hunt, 543 ; Justus Post, 536 ; Robert Simpson, 538; Chas. "W. Hunter, 512; Walter Wilkinson, 483; Theophilus W. Smith, 476; Elias Bates, 443. Sam'l Hammond, subsequently, President. Nov. 30. " The Bank of St. Louis will open for business on Monday, Dec. 2d hist. Robert Simp- son, acting Cashier."* Dec. 12. The Bank of St. Louis commenced busi- ness this day in the rear part of the building of Riddick & Pilcher's store. Jno. B. N. Smith, Cashier. 1817, Aug. 7. The Bank of St. Louis purchased the old stone house east side of Main, between Elm and Myrtle, which they fixed up for their banking house ; tearing down the old stone front and putting up a new brick front. Dec. 8, 1817. Annual election for Directors ; nine of the old board re-elected ; leaving out Bernard * Archibald Gamble was the first, and Louis Bompart the second clerks of this bank at its opening, Dec., 1816. BANK OF ST. LOUIS. 87 Pratte, Chas. TV. Hunter, Walter Wilkinson and Theophilus W. Smith, and filling their places with Joshua Pilcher, Samuel Perry, Thompson Doug- lass and Thos. Wright. 1818. Early in this year there were dissensions among the directors and certain stockholders, re- garding the management, or rather mismanage- ment of the Bank. Feb. 11. " Some parties took forcible possession of " the banking house," which was subsequently re- stored, and business resumed as usual. Feb. 19. Samuel Hammond, President, "gives " notice that the Bank will be re-opened on the "23dinst." In 1818 there were frequent changes and much confusion in the Board of Directors ; in July Wm. M. O'Hara was cashier, and Bisdon H. Price was president in place of Hammond. Dec. 14. Directors of the bank elected this day. Sam'! Hammond, R. H. Price, Robert Simp- son, Stephen F. Austin, John Nevin, Eli B. Clemson, Kufus Easton, Sam'l Perry, James Clemens, Jr., Frederick Dent, John Hall, Paul Anderson and Jesse Gr. Lindell. Kisdon H. Price, re-elected Pres't, and Wm. M. O'Hara, Cashier. 1819. The Bank had suspended in March, 1818, but no notice had been given of it, it re-opened March 3, 1819, and paid its bills for a short time and again closed, not paying expenses. 88 HISTORICAL. July 24. Risdou H. Price, Pres't, notifies the stock- holders to a meeting to consider the expediency of continuing' business or closing its affairs which last step was taken. TERRITORIAL BANK OF MISSOURI, FROM GAZETTE. The Bank of St. Louis, chartered Aug. 21, 1813, owing- to the war and other causes, did not com- O ' mence business until Dec. 12, 1816, a delay of over three years'. In meantime some of the principal getters-up of that bank, dissatisfied with this long delay, had opened books for subscriptions to the stock of another bank to be called the " Bank of Missouri," with a capital stock of $250,000, the commissioners were Charles Gratiot, William Smith, John McKnight, John P. Cabanne and Matthew Kerr. They were incorporated by the Legislature, Dec. 17, 1816, although in anticipation of that act, they had organized and opened the bank on Sept. 30, 1816, fully four months before their incorporation. Their first officers were Col. Auguste Chouteau, Pres't; Lilburn W. Boggs, Cashier, resigned in 1819 ; John Dales, Teller, elected Cashier, 1818 ; Louis Bompart, Clerk. The bank was for several years in the basement of Col. Chouteau' s residence on Main St. In 1819. They built a Banking house at No. 6, north Main and on its completion occupied it that same year. MILITAEY ITEMS. 89 1820, May 1. The following Board of Directors were elected : Thos. F. Riddick, Joseph Philipson, Thomas Brady, Henry Yon Phul, James Kennerly, Michael Tesson, Thomas Hempstead, Thomas H. Benton and Angus L. Langham. Col. Chouteau declining to serve any longer, Col. Thos. *F. Riddick was elected President. The other officers were Louis Bompart, Cash'r; Elias T. Langham, 1st Clerk; Gabriel P. Cerre, 2nd Clerk. In 1820 the Bank was made the Depository of the U. S. public moneys for the Land district of Missouri. In the summer of 1822, the Bank closed its doors and went into liquidation.' MILITARY ITEMS, FROM THE GAZETTE. 1808, Augt. A meeting of citizens of St. Louis, held at Mr. Yosti's tavern to form a Volunteer Company Benj. Wilkinson, elected Captain ; Risdon H. Price, Lieut., and John Yoorhees, Ensign. Oct. Gov. M. Lewis' general orders to the militia to muster according to law. District of St. Louis, 3 Battalions Infantry, and Capt. P. Chouteau' s troop of horse ; District of St. Genevieve, 2 Battalions Infantry, and Capts. Bibbs and Whitley's troops of Light Infantry ; HISTORICAL. District of St. Charles, 2 Battalions Infantry, Capt. Shrader's troop of horse; District of Cape Girardeau, 2 Battalions In- fantry, and Capts. Ellis and Bouis' troops of horse ; District of New Madrid, 2 Battalions Infantry. 1809, Feb. 9. Requisition of the Secretary of War for 377 militia men from the Territory, her portion of 100,000 men, ordered by the President of the United States, to be held in readiness if called upon, each man to provide his own arms and ammunition. St. Louis, St. Genevieve, New Madrid, each one company of 77 men. Infantry, commanded by Col. Chouteau . 232 Riflemen, " by Major Cook . . 158 Total 390 GENERAL ORDERS. 1809, April 21. " St. Charles, 10 o'clock a. m. " The companies of Capts. Ellis and Bouis, of " Cape Girardeau; of Capt. Otho. Shrader, of St. "Genevieve; of Capt. Pierre Chouteau, of St. "Louis; and Capt. Mackey Wherry, of St. " Charles, will rendezvous at St. Louis, May 4th, "with arms and ammunition." MILITARY ITEMS. 91 GOVERNOR LEWIS' PROCLAMATION, 1809, July, " discharging the militia, of the Terri- " tory, held under his requisition of Nov. 28, ' ' 1808 to be again enrolled as before with the ' ' ordinary militia and his thanks for their " promptness in volunteering." 1810, May 17. " CAPT. OWENS U. S. ARMY, " with 120 soldiers from Winchester, Virginia, " for Belief ontaine, passed the falls of Ohio on " May 2nd." 1812, April 25. The six companies of Rangers, or- dered to be raised by a late Act of Congress, are nearly filled up, and are ordered to march to our frontier. May 16. CAPT. NATHAN BOONE, was commissioned by the President of U.S. to raise a company of Mounted Rangers, for 12 months' service. June 18. Capt. Boone's company of Mounted Rangers, 65 men, were mustered into service at St. Charles. Aug. 22nd. "St. Louis now boasts of one troop of " horse, in active service on the frontier, one " company of riflemen on board a galley, at the " mouth of the Illinois, one of artillery, one of 92 HISTORICAL. " infantry, and a veteran company of men now " over 45 years of age, five companies comprising " almost every man in the place." EDITOR. BELLEFONTAINE . 1813. There are at present at this post, about 200 U. S. regular soldiers, and 150 more looked for this, with about 300 partisans shortly expected, with the aid of our militia, would enable us to give a warm reception to the British and Indians, should they return this way. EDITOR. During the three years continuance of the war with Great Britain from 1812 to 1815, but little, if any, progress was made in the growth of the place, all our male population being more or less absorbed in military matters, as we were the front- ier town, with hostile Indians in close proximity to us, continually committing depredations and outrages, even to the extent of killing our settlers within a few miles of our town. Our people were kept constant!} 7 on the alert, so that business was almost entirely suspended. In 1812 our popula- tion was about 1200, at the close of the war, 1815, it had only increased to 1500, altogether by the settlement with us of officers and soldiers of theU. S. army, sent out for the defense of our frontier. 1813, July 9. JOHN M. DUFF, a soldier of Capt. D. Musick's company of U. S. Rangers, died in St. Louis of a wound he re- MILITARY ITEMS. 93 ceived in a skirmish with a party of Winnebago Indians on the frontiers of St. Charles, near Fort Mason. His remains were interred with military honors in the Catholic cemetery on the 10th. ORDER OF THE PROCESSION. 1. Guard from the Regulars Sergeant and ten men. 2. Military music, with muffled drums. 3. The Catholic priest in his sacerdotal robes, with attendants. 4. The body, carried by four soldiers of Capt. Lucas' company, 6 pall-bearers. 5. Two privates of the deceased's company, as mourners. 6. Capt. Lucas' company of volunteers. 7. Judges and officers of the court, then in session 8. Members of the Council and Legislature. 9. The speaker and clerks of both houses. 10. The adjutant- general and assistant adjutant- general of the troops. 11. The officers of the army in town. 12. The Governor of the Territory, and brigadier- general of the troops. 13. Citizens in pairs. BRIGADIER GENERAL HOWARD, 1813, Sept. 10. With 1400 men left Portage des Sioux on an expedition against the Indians of Illi- nois. 94: HISTORICAL. 1814:, April 9. THE PRESIDENT has promoted to the rank of Brigadier General, U. S. Army, Cols. Daniel Bissell, 5th Infantry ; Edmund P. Gaines, 25th Infantry ; and Winfield Scott, 2d Artillery. 1815, March. Col. Wm. Russell, U. S. Army, was in command at Belief ontaine. Sept. 15. On Thursday last, 10 boats wdth the 8th Regiment U. S. Infantry, 700 men, passed St. Louis for Belief ontaine and Portage des Sioux. 1816. BRIGADIER GENERAL SMITH, June 15. U. S. Army, with 1000 Regulars went up the Mississippi to build a fort on Rock Island. 300 of the Rifle Regiment have sailed from Belle- fontaine to join him*. Editor. ISTov. 9. Two companies of the 8th Regiment U. S. Infantry, under Capt. Willis Foulck, sailed from this place on Wednesday for Natchitoches, Red River. 1819, June 9. THE STH REGIMENT. U. S. Infantry, left Detroit to proceed to Prairie des Chiens, to establish a Fort at the mouth of the St. Peter's, Falls of St. Anthony. June 23. The detachment of the 5th U. S. Infant- ry, at Bellefontaine has dropped down to the MILITARY ITEMS. 95 month of the Missouri river, to proceed up the Mississippi to St. Peters, under Lieutenant-Colonel Leaven worth. Sep. 22. The 5th Regiment, Col. Leaven worth, have established themselves at St. Peters. Oct. 13. Lieut. Col. Josiah Snelling promoted to Colonel of the 5th Infantry, to take command at St. Peters. 1820, Jan. 5. From St. Peters we learn that the barracks are completed, and the troops quartered therein for the winter. They have commenced ploughing for next year. The climate appears mild and pleasant. Latitude 45 north. 1819, June. COL. TALBOT CHAMBERS with 260 men of the Rifle Regiment, left Belle- fontaine on the 14th inst, in five barges, to pro- ceed up the Missouri to Capt. Martin's canton- .ment. July 21. Col. Chambers' five boats and 260 men arrived at Franklin, Howard County, on July 2d, with Capt. James S. Gray, Lieuts. Scott and Keith and Doct. Marline. They left Bellefontaine June 14th, and were eighteen days to Franklin; they left Franklin July 5th. Sept. 22. The keel-boats with Col. Chambers' troops arrived at Martin's cantonment on the 28th August, and left the 4th Sept. inst. 96 HISTORICAL. 1819, June 9. COL. HENRY ATKINSON'S 6th Regiment U. S. Infantry passed* St. Louis for Bellefontaiiie on Sunday and Monday, the 6th and 7th, in nine barges, on their way to Council Bluffs. July 7. The 6th Regiment left Belief ontaine on the 4th and 5th July, in three steamboats ; the Expe- dition, Capt. Craig ; the Johnson, Capt. Colfax ; and Jefferson, Capt. Orfurt, and four barges pro- pelled by wheels and sails. No. 1, Major Ketchum; No. 2, Capt. Hamilton and Lieut. Mansfield ; No. 3, Capt. Reed and Lieut. Ellison ; No. 4, Capts. Boardman and Living- stone. In the steamers were Majors Humphreys and Foster, Capts. Haile, Shaler and Bliss, Lieuts. Bedell, Wilcox, Durand, Givens, Mc- Ilvaine, Keiler and Palmer, Lieut. Talcott, Engineers, Docts. Mower and Nicholl, Ad- jutant Staniford, Lieuts. Wetmore, Pay-Mas., and Brown, Quar. -Master. Col. Atkinson and Capt. Smith, of the Rifles, proceeded by land to take the boats at Franklin ; also General Jessup, Quarter-Master General. Oct. 27. By a gentleman from Council Bluffs we learn that the keel boats and troops had arrived. The steamboats w T ere from June 22d to Aug. 29, 68 days from St. Louis to Martin's cantonment, 350 miles, average 5 miles a day. And the keel boats from Sept. 6th to 29th, 23 days from there YELLOWSTONE EXPEDITION. 97 to the Council Bluffs, 270 miles, about ten miles a day. " THE YELLOWSTONE EXPEDITION." 1819, April 20. The U. S. Steamer 'Western " Engineer,' built by the U. S. expressly for the "purpose, left Pittsburgh on Tuesday, April 20, " 1819." Saturday, May 1st. The boat is thus described : 75 feet long, 13 feet beam, draws 19 inches. The engine and machinery below decks out of sight, the steam is blown out through the figure- head of the boat, which is a large serpent, the wheels are in the stern to avoid snags. Objects of the expedition : To explore the Missouri and the country to the falls, about four thousand miles from Pittsburgh, to fix the point in the Rocky Mountains, where it is intersected by the 49th degree of north latitude take observa- tions and establish the latitude and longitude of prominent points, fix upon a suitable point for a military establishment near the Yellowstone, investigate the geology, mineralogy, botany, and natural history of the country, etc., etc., in a word a scientific expedition. Under the command of Major Stephen H. Long, Topographical Engi- neers, and assistants Lieuts. James Graham and William H. Swift, Engineers; with Major Thomas Biddle, Paymaster U. S. Army; Doct. Jessup, Mineralogist; Doct. Say, Botanist; and Doct. Baldwin, Zo-ologist. Messrs. Peale and Sey- mour, Artists ; and Major Benjamin O'Fallon, Indian Agent. 98 HISTORICAL. 1819, June 9. The "Western Engineer," arrived at St. Louis this day, fifty days from Pittsburgh. 1819, June 17th, Thursday. An elegant entertain- ment was given to the officers of the Missouri expedition, the gentlemen of the Scientific expe- dition, and to Capts. Hewes and Nelson, of the steamers St. Louis and Independence. ' * WESTERN ENGINEER, ' ' June 23, left St. Louis on her Yellowstone expedi- tion on Monday the 21st, to be absent it is sup- posed about two years. She arrived at Franklin, Howard County, July 13, having left St. Charles June 25th ; 19 days out. She remained here 5 or 6 days and left here on July 19, and arrived at Manuel Lisa's Trading post, five miles below the Council Bluffs, on Sept. 19, 1819, here the party passed the winter of 1819-20 in cabins they built to shelter them. In October Majors Long and Jessup repaired to Washington to report progress and obtain funds, and rejoined his party in May, 1820, and in July having sent back the steamer under com- mand of Lieut. Graham, he left the cantonment to prosecute his expedition by land. THE ST. LOUIS GUARDS. 1819, Dec. 29. A volunteer company of Light In- fantry has been formed in this town, denominated the "St. Louis Guards." MISSOURI GAZETTE. 99 The following officers were elected : Captain, Henry W. Conway; 1st Lieut., Geo. H. Kennerly ; 2nd Lieut., Amos J. Bruce; 3rd Lieut., Josiah Bright; Ensign, Jno. B. Sarpy; Orderly Sergt., .Chas. Wahrendorff; 2nd Sergt.. Charles Keemle ; 3rd Sergt., "William Renshaw; 1st Corp'l, David B. Hoffman; 2nd Corp'l, Wilson McGunnegle; 3rd Corp'l, Stephen Rec- tor; Treas., William Renshaw. 1820, Feb. 22nd. The first parade of the company took place in honor of the day, at which they made a fine display. MISSOURI GAZETTE, ESTABLISHED BY JOS. CHARLESS, SR. 1808, July 12, ]N"o. 1 issued on a sheet of foolscap 8 by 12 inches, there being no suitable paper in the place. 1809, July 19. Editorial on the completion of the first year : " He regrets that his paper, under the untoward " circumstances under which he labored for the " first year, did not come up to his own calcula- 11 tions, and perhaps to the expectations of his " patrons but now having disposed of his office 11 in Lexington, Ky., and brought his family to " St. Louis, together with a supply of good " paper, trusts that he will henceforth meet the " expectations of his friends." 100 HISTORICAL. July 26. An editorial upon the death of Thomas Paine at New York, on June 24th. Nov. 30. Name of the paper changed to " Louisi- ana Gazette," as more appropriate. 1810, July 19. Completion of the second year. 1811, July 18. Completion of the third year. " Nov. 9. Mr. Charless calls upon those of his " subscribers who gave their notes or word of " honor to pay in flour or corn to bring it in di- " rectly. Others who promised to pay in beef or 11 pork, to deliver it as soon as possible, or their " accounts will be placed in the magistrate's " hands." MISSOURI GAZETTE. 1812, July 18. " Congress having changed the " name of this Territory, the editor also changes " his paper to its first appellation, ' Missouri Ga- " zette.' " August 15. Close of the fourth year. 1813, August 21. Close of the fifth volume of the paper. 1814, Feb. 19.' From a communication in this paper, " it appears that Gov. Howard returned to St. " Louis in April, 1813, with an appointment as " Brigadier General. He acted as Governor for a " few weeks, until the expiration of his commis- " sion as such, and then there was a vacancy in MISSOURI GAZETTE. 101 " the office, until Gov. Clark accepted the appoint- " ment in July. The article then animadverts 4 'upon Gov. Howard's course in the subject "matter." Sept. 24. Close of the 6th volume of this paper. 1815, Jan. 21. Mr. Charless, at the request of a subscriber in Washington County, gives an ac- count of the affair between Majors Wm. C. Carr, Clement B. Penrose and Wm. Christy, and Doc- tors Farrar and Walker on one part, and himself, alone, on the other, and of what transpired be- tween them in his office on Sunday, and " of their " subscription of $1,000 to start a new paper, and " buy a printer of their own to conduct it as they " should dictate." Sept. 23. Close of the 7th volume of the paper. 1816, July 13. Editorial of Mr. Charless on St. Louis : " In the year 1795 I first passed down the Ohio " to the Falls, where a few stores and taverns con- " stituted Louisville a town. Cincinnati was a " village, and the residence of the soldiers that de- " fend the ]ST. W. Territory, the country between " to Pittsburg a wilderness, the haunt of the Sav- " ages. See it now in 1816. Both banks of the " Ohio sprinkled with farms, villages and towns. ^Some with a population of 5,000 or more, with " banks, steam mills, and manufactures of leather, " wool, cotton and flax, the various metals, schools " and seminaries, and teachers in every village. 102 HISTORICAL. " The above is noticed as a contrast to the opu- lent town of St. Louis, with a capital of one " million dollars, it has but few manufactures, no " respectable seminary, no place of worship for "dissenters, no public edifices, no steam mills, "nor boats, no bank. Mr. Philipson has just " established a brewery, Mr. Wilt a white and red " lead factory, Mr. Hunt a tanning establishment, " and last, Mr. Henderson's soap and candle man- " ufactory, would be of great utility had it re- " ceived that patronage it so richly merits," and concludes his remarks by saying, " that machin- " ery of every description are needed here, and " particularly a man of capital to erect a steam " mill, who would soon realize a fortune, and to " establish a distillery, as at least 5,000 barrels of " whisky are annually received from the Ohio and "sold at 75 cents a gallon, while thousands of " bushels of grain are offered at a very low price " to any man who will establish a distillery." 1816, Sept. 21. " We have not been able to learn "the particulars of the late affray at St. Gene- " vieve, in which Augustus Demun was killed." Editor. Sept. 16. Close of the 8th volume. 1817, Sept. 20. Close of the 9th volume. 1818, Sept. 11. " The account of Wm. Tharp'strial " for shooting Wm. Smith came too late for this " number." MISSOURI GAZETTE. 103 Sept. 18. Close of the 10th volume. 1819, Sept. 15. Completion of volume llth. 1820, Sept. 13. Completion of the 12th volume. MR. CHARLESS' VALEDICTORY TO HIS PATRONS. This number closes the 12th year of his editorial labors. The paper was established when the popu- lation of the whole territory, now the State, hardly numbered 12, 000 inhabitants ; it had been ceded but four years. The original subscription was but 170 (now increased to 1,000), and the advertising list small; my means were limited, and the establish- ment supported with difficulty ; but by perseverance in a straight forward course, assisted by kind friends and patrons , he is gratified to know that he transfers it to his successor in a prosperous and successful condition, and returns his grateful acknowledgments, etc. JOSEPH CHARLESS. Sept. 13, 1820.* * NOTE. The early tiles are incomplete, many numbers missing, torn, cut or defaced. The first book was made up from papers which had been delivered to subscribers from the names on them. Mr. Charless had his printing office from 1808 to 1816, eight years, in an old stone house, east side of Main street below Elm (afterwards the Bank of St. Louis and Post-office.) In 1816 he removed it to his new frame, at the southeast corner of Second and Walnut streets. After Mr. Charless sold the paper to Cummins, from Pittsburg, C. moved it to the Sanguinet stone house, northeast corner Main and Elm. In 1822, when re-purchased by Edward Charless, he removed it back to his father's frame, and not long afterwards next door to the new bank on Main street. 104 HISTORICAL. '' TO THE PATRONS OF THE MISSOURI GAZETTE. u With this number the establishment of the " Missouri Q-azette is transferred to the subscriber, "who will hereafter conduct the paper. He as- " sures the public that he is the sole proprietor, "and totally disconnected with any other person ' ' in the purchase of the establishment ; and trusts " that he will so conduct the paper as to merit the " approbation and support of his patrons and the 11 public, etc., etc. " The paper will be issued as heretofore on " every Wednesday. " JAMES C. CUMMINS." Sept. 13, 1820.* THE OPPOSITION PAPER. 1814. About this time certain prominent gentlemen of aristocratic tendencies, who from their lineage, position, and early training, had become leaders of society, and imagined themselves of bluer blood than the common herd, had for some time past, been endeavoring to get up distinctions in society by assuming to control Mr. Charless in the conduct of his paper, denouncing certain edi- * Cummins was the proprietor of the paper for 18 months, from Sept. 13, 1820, to March 20, 1822. He preserved no files, add to this, the last four months of Mr. Charless' ownership, whose files are not found, and we have a period of 22 months in which the files are lacking. F. L. B. THE OPPOSITION PAPER. 105- torials and communications which Mr. Charless in his independent obstinate course produced in his columns from time to time, and which resulted in a personal attack on him, in his own office by some five or six of them variously armed, on Sunday, Feb. 6, 1814, Mr. C. defending himself as best he could with his shillaly* 1815. In the spring of 1815, these parties, raised by subscription the sum of $1,000, procured a press, and materials, and engaged Mr. Joshua Norvell, from Nashville, Tennessee, to manage it. The first number appeared in May, 1815, as the 11 Western Journal," it was a failure financially, it being sustained by an additional subscription. Sergeant Hall, a lawyer from Cincinnati, was the next editor, who issued " his " first number on May 17, 1817, as the " Western Emigrant," conducting it with no better success than the first. In the summer of 1819, it passed into the hands of Isaac "N". Henry, from Nashville, as proprietor, and Col. Thos. H. Benton, editor, who again changed its name to the " St. Louis Enquirer." A singular fatality appears to have accom- panied this paper through its first decade, in its frequent change of ownership, Mr. Henry had owned it but two years when he died in June, 1821. * The details of this affair, too long to produce in this work, are to be found in his files of the period. 106 HISTORICAL. A succeeding 1 editor, Patrick Henry Ford, died Jan. 20, 1827. STATE CONSTITUTION, ETC. Early in the year 1820, the population of Missouri Territory having grown to upwards of 60.000, far above the then ratio for a member of Congress, an act ' ' authorizing the inhabitants of that Territory " to take the proper steps to form a Constitution " and State Government," was passed and approved by the President, James Monroe, March 6, 1820. According to the provisions of the Act, the elec- tion of delegates to the convention, was held throughout the Territory viva voce, on the first Monday, Tuesday and Wednesday of May, ensuing (1820). The convention assembled at Wm. Bennett's Mansion House Hotel, corner Yine and Third streets, on the second Monday. June 12, 1820, and was in session about five weeks. The Constitution* was completed and signed on the third Wednesday, July 19th. The first State election under it, for the officers provided for the State government, was held on the fourth Monday, August 28th, 1820. The Legislature assembled in St. Louis at its first session on the third Monday, Sept. 18, 1820, at which Alexander Mc^Tair was duly inaugurated as the first Governor of the State. * Mostly the work of David Barton. 108 HISTORICAL. 1821, declaring the admission of Missouri as the 24th State of the Union. Extract from the Governor's Message at this first special session : GENTLEMEN OF THE GENERAL ASSEMBLY: Ju discharge of the duties required of me by the Constitution, I have convened you at this early period, for the purpose of laying before you several matters which appear to me urgent in their nature, and of vital importance to the State, hoping from your wisdom and prudence a remedy for some of the evils under which the country labors, which my own reflection has not been able to devise. This measure, which will necessarily occasion a considerable public expense, has not been adopted without the matured deliberation, and absolute conviction, on my part, that the public interest and safety re- quire the prompt interposition of the General Assembly. Since the first organization of this government, we have exhibited to the American people a spectacle novel and peculiar an American Republic on the confines of the Federal Union, exercising all the powers of sovereign government, with no actual political connexion with the United States and nothing to bind us to them but a reverence for the same principles and an habitual attachment to them and their government, &c. * * * ALEX'R MCNAIB. ST. CHARLBS, 4th June, 1821. BUSINESS NOTICES. FROM THE FILES OF THE MISSOURI GAZETTE. CASH given for Bills of Exchange on the Government. WILKINSON & PRICE. St. Louis, July 12, 1808. A variety of School Books for sale, and Blanks printed at this office on short notice. July 26, 1808. JEREMIAH CONNOR, AUCTIONEER, will sell to the highest bidder, for cash, at 10 A. M., 011 Tuesday, Aug. 3d, 1808, at the house of Mrs. Labadie, an invoice of goods amounting to between 7 and 800 dollars. Cogniac Brandy, three years in cellar, Dry Goods, Chewing Tobacco, Saddlery and Hardware. July 23, 1808. WILLIAM HARRIS, HATTER, in all its branches, next door to Doct. Saugrain's. Aug. 17, 1808. (109) 110 BUSINESS NOTICES. NOTICE. Whereas, my wife Polly has left my bed and board, I will pay no debts of her contracting. Aug. 8, 1808. THOMAS BEAVERS. BOARDING. Two or three young men may have boarding on reasonable terms. Enquire at this office. Aug. 17, 1808. CALVIIST BURNS, TAILOR, wants two or three journeymen immediately ; good wages. Aug. 24, 1808. A PINE COACHEE for sale. Enquire at this office. Sept. 7, 1808. RUFUS EASTON requests all for whom he is agent on Land Claims to bring their testimony before the Commissioners, before the 1st day of ASToveinber next. Sept. 7, 1808. NOTICE. The subscriber, intending to leave this Territory, will offer at public sale, on Monday the 12th inst., all his household furniture, with a small collection of valuable books, etc. One or two likely young negroes, and a pair of handsome, well matched horses. J. BRUFF. Sept. 7, 1808. BUSINESS NOTICES. Ill WILSON P. HUNT AND JOHN HANKINSON have recently added to their former stock, a gen- eral assortment of merchandise, for sale low for cash. Sept. 14, 1808. EAGLE TAVERN. Resin Webster has opened a house of entertain- ment, in the building lately occupied by General "William Clark. N. B. A few genteel boarders can be accom- modated. Nov. 2, 1808. JACOB PHILIPSON, PROM PHILADELPHIA, is now opening at his new store, opposite the Post-office, a general assortment of Dry Goods and Groceries, for sale for cash at reasonable prices. Nov. 10, 1808. HORACE AUSTIN & CO., STE. GEXEVIEVE, have just received an assortment of Dry Goods and Groceries, purchased in New York for cash, will be sold low for cash or lead. Jan. 4, 1809. JUST RECEIVED, at the store of Bernard Pratte, a complete assort- ment of Dry Goods, Groceries, Liquors, Iron and Steel. Jan. 11, 1809. 112 BUSINESS NOTICES. FALCONER & COMEGYS have just received, and for sale, a general assort- ment of merchandise. April 19, 1809. PRIMM & DAVIS, TAILORS, have entered into partnership, and will continue the business in P. Primm's old stand, opposite the late Mr. Robidoux's. April 25, 1809. DOCTOR FARRAR will practice medicine and surgery in St. Louis ; his office is in Mr. Robidoux's house, Second street. May 16, 1809. JEREMIAH CONNOR, AUCTIONEER, will sell at auction, Thursday, June 15, at 9 o'clock A. M., at the store of Hunt & Hankinson, the stock of goods of said firm, to close business. May 30, 1809. AUCTION SALE, on Monday, June 12, at the store of Alexander McKeever, next door to Madame Robidoux, all the remaining stock of goods now in said store. May 31, 1809. VACCINATION. Doct. Saugrain gives notice of the first vaccine matter brought to St. Louis. Indigent persons vaccinated gratuitously. May 26, 1809. BUSINESS NOTICES. 113 WANTED, two or three journeymen carpenters ; good wages and constant work. NORMAN MACKENZIE. May 31, 1809. DISSOLUTION. The copartnership of Wilson P. Hunt and John Hankinson is this day dissolved by mutual consent. Wilson P. Hunt will settle the affairs of the late firm. June 10, 1809. JOHN KERB has just opened in the store recently occupied by Hunt & Hankinson, a stock of fresh Dry Goods, Groceries, and Hardware, for sale at reasonable prices for cash. July 5, 1809. L. T. HAMPTON, skin dressing and breeches making, in Mrs. Robi- doux's house, known as the Council house, near Webster's tavern. June 29, 1809. MATTHEW KERR has opened in the store formerly occupied by Hunt & Hankinson an assortment of fresh Dry Goods, Groceries, and Hardware, for sale at reasonable prices. July 5, 114 BUSINESS NOTICES. MICHAEL DOLAN'S tailor shop, in the same house with L. T. Hampton, Breeches Maker and Glover. June 29, 1809. BERNARD LALENDE, Merchant Tailor, lately from Bordeaux, has the lat- est fashions of London and Paris. Cloth and other stuffs always on hand. He has for sale Bordeaux Wine, Coffee, and Imperial Tea, an assortment of the best Fiddle Strings. Sept. 6, 1809. B. BERTHOLD AND R. PAUL, lately arrived from Baltimore and Philadelphia, have for sale an elegant assortment of Dry Goods and Groceries at moderate prices. Their store is at Mr. Valois', Main street. Sept. 13, 1809. GROVE TAVERN. James H. Audrain has just opened a public house in Mr. Cerre's large stone house, North Main street. He solicits the patronage of a generous public. Sept. 13, 1809. WM. CHRISTY will take in keeping on moderate terms, a few horses, by the week or month. Excellent pasture and plenty of grain . Aug. 29, 1809. BUSINESS NOTICES. 115 1809. Nov. 16, Jno. N. Maclot having com- pleted the erection of his Shot Tower at Her- culaneum, the first in the West, gives notice to his friends and public that he will manufac- ture lead into drop-shot on reasonable terms. Rocky Place, below the mouth of the Joachim, adjoining Herculaneum. 1810. Early this year a second Shot Tower was erected at Herculaneum, by Moses Austin, of Mine a Breton. JACOB PHILIPSON has removed his store to next north of Mr. Charles Gratiot's house, where he has added largely to his former stock. Oct. 12, 1809. ISAAC SEPTLIVRES proposes to teach Drawing, Geography, Mathe- matics and French Grammar. He can be found at Mr. Vincent Bouis, Sr. Nov. 16, 1809. J. PAIN AND ARMSTRONG, TAILORS, have commenced business near the Post Office, they also carry on Skin Dressing and Breeches Making. Nov. 30, 1809. JOHN STEELE has just opened a Stock of New Goods next door to Mad'e Robidoux's, with about 2,000 gallons Whisky, etc. Dec. 7, 1809. 116 BUSINESS NOTICES. WILLIAM SHANNON is now opening 1 at the house of Francis Benoit a complete assortment of Goods of the newest and most fashionable styles. Dec. 14, 1809. WILLIAM SHANNON has just received a quantity of Drugs and Medicines, which he will sell at moderate prices. Dec. 28, 1809. SAMUEL PERRY has just opened in the store formerly Hunt & Han- kin son, an assortment of fresh Dry Goods and Groceries. Dec. 28, 1809. MATTHEW KERR has just returned from Philadelphia with a well chosen assortment of Merchandise, which he will sell at the most reasonable terms. Jany. 13, 1810. FRESH GOODS. We have recently added to our former Stock, a supply of goods suitable for the present and ap- proaching seasons, for sale on the lowest terms. BERTHOJLD & PAUL. Feb. 22, 1810. FALCONER & COMEGYS, desirous of closing out their stock of merchandise, will dispose of it at very low prices. Jany. 30, 1810. BUSINESS NOTICES. 117 ENTERTAINMENT. Joseph Charless informs his friends that he receives Boarders by the day, week or month. Travelers can be accommodated with as good fare as the town affords, on moderate terms. Stabling for 8 or 10 horses. SUBSCRIBERS to the Paper are requested to pay up. Pork and flour received. April 19, 1810. H. M. SHREVE & CO. (FERGUS MOORHEAD) have brought from Philadelphia, and opened next door to the house of the late Joseph Robidoux, a complete assortment of Dry Goods, Groceries, Hard- ware, China and Queensware, Iron, Steel, Cast- ings and Stationery, to be disposed of low for Cash. April 23, 1810. WOOD & DUNN have just arrived from Philadelphia with a gen- eral assortment of Dry Goods, Groceries, etc., etc., for sale at the late stand of Hunt & Hankinson. April 23, 1810. ST. VRAIN'S AND HABB'S BREWERY, at Belief ontaine. Edward Hempstead will always have a supply of strong and table beer in his cellar. April 28, 1810. 118 BUSINESS NOTICES. MR. GEORGE PESCAY informs the public that he has just arrived from Philadelphia and has opened in the house formerly occupied by Mr. Robidoux, a complete assortment of Dry Goods, Groceries and Crockery Ware. April 18, 1810. CHEAP GOODS. John Arthur has just opened a quantity of country linen, cotton cloth, cotton and wool cards, iron, steel, etc., etc., which he will sell on low terms, and will take in payment furs, hides, whisky, maple sugar, bacon and beeswax. April 19, 1810. NOTICE. The firm of Falconer & Comegys is this day dis- solved, Mr. P. Falconer retiring. J. G. Com- egys & Co., the new firm, is just opening, from Baltimore & Philadelphia at the store op- posite Mr. Charles Gratiot, a general assortment of merchandise, to sell for Cash, Lead or Beaver. May 7, 1810. GEORGE TOMPKINS will open a school in St. Louis in the house of M. Alvarez, on Monday, May 7th. May 1, 1810. GEN'L. WM. CLARK. United States Agent for Indian Department. July 12, 1810. BUSINESS NOTICES. 119 WILLIAM CHRISTY has resumed his old stand on Main Street, opposite Col. A. Chouteau's, where he has opened a house of public entertainment, and hopes to receive the public patronage. He is provided with Liquors of the best kind, and good pasture for horses, with corn, oats and green clover. June 27, 1810. PATRICK LEE, Auctioneer, Broker and Commission Merchant, near the Post Office, is well provided with Dry Goods. Groceries, etc. His house and cellar is well calculated for storing goods. July 10, 1810. HESLEP & TAYLOR. Windsor and Fancy Chair-makers, adjoining Jno. Coon's shop. Work superior to any in the west. Penciled and gilt in the finest Philadelphia fashion. July 26, 1810. THE FIRM OF H. M. SHREVE & CO. is this day dissolved. Fergus Moorhead will con- tinue alone at the old stand. Aug. 11, 1810. HORACE AUSTIN is opening at the old stand of Falconer & Comegys, a handsome assortment of Dry Goods and Queens- ware. Sept. 15, 1810. 120 BUSINESS NOTICES. RUFUS EASTON, POSTMASTER, has removed the Post Office to his new stone residence on Third Street under Court House hill. Nov. 12, 1810. MATTHEW KERR has just returned from Philadelphia with an ex- tensive assortment of Merchandise, to dispose of on very reasonable terms. Dec. 10, 1810. JACOB PHILIPSON, to close his business in St. Louis, offers the balance of his Stock of Goods at low prices. Jany. 12, 1811. ZACHARIA MUSSINA, just from Philadelphia, with a large stock of fresh goods, for sale in Madame Labbadie's old store. Jany. 21, 1811. JAMES BAIRD, BLACKSMITH, in Jno. B. Becquet's old shop on South Main Street. Feby., 1811. MOSES SCOTT has for sale, Porter, Castings, Tin and Glass- ware, etc., from Pittsburgh, next above Baird's shop. Feb. 14, 1811. BUSINESS NOTICES. 121 BADGLEY & STUBBLEFIELD, Ladies' and Gentlemen's Shoe and Boot Makers. April 9, 1811. JOHN AUDUBON & FERDINAND ROZIER, OF STE. GENEVIEVE have this day dissolved their copartnership. Ferd. Rozier will continue in business alone at the old stand. April 6, 1811. M' KNIGHT & BRADY have just received from Baltimore and Philadel- phia, a large stock of Merchandise, in their store opposite Genl. Wm. Clark. May 22, 1811. CHRISTIAN WILT, FROM PHILADELPHIA, with a stock of new Goods, will continue busi- ness in Z. Mussina's old stand, in Chas. Gratiot's old stone store. July 25, 1811. SAMUEL BRIDGE has for sale low, a kiln of Bricks, at the south end of the village, near the banks of the creek. Oct. 12, 1811. JAMES BAIRD has removed his Blacksmith Shop to John Coon's old house on South Third Street. Nov. 27, 1811. 122 BUSINESS NOTICES. DEPESTRE, DEMUN & CO., just arrived from Philadelphia and Baltimore, with an assortment of new goods, are opening in their store adjoining Delaunay's boarding house, Main Street. Sept. 12, 1811. MATTHEW KERR lias just arrived with an extensive assortment of new Merchandise, for sale at the usual low prices. Nov. 16, 1811. BOOT. J. M. BEAD, from Baltimore, is in the north end of Mad'e Dubreuil's house, next to Major Penrose's. Dec. 21, 1811. LOOK HERE ! ! ! Fred. Yeizer, on Main Street, next door to Dongan's Silver Smith Shop, has on hand " a heap of whisky," plenty of Peach Brandy, Linsey, Country Linen, Shoes, Nails, Cotton, Bed Cords, etc., etc., low for cash or hides. FRED. YEIZER. N. B. No credit, as I have never learnt to write. Dec. M, 1811. JOHN CHANDLER & CO., Saddle, Bridle, and Harness Makers, Main Street, St. Louis. Jany. 11, 1812. BUSINESS NOTICES. 123 ALL MASTERS are desired to observe the clothing of their serv- ants to detect a Thief; who, on the night of the 27th ult., stole from the house of A. McNair, a large, blue Cloak of superfine German Cloth. If the Thief should be a white man a reward of $20 will be given upon conviction, by ROBERT WASH. Jan. 4, 1812. FARRAR & CHARLESS' Apothecary Shop, adjoining the Printing Office have on hand genuine medicines, and will receive in the Spring an additional supply fresh from Philadelphia. DOCT. FARRAR continues the practice of his profession. Jany. 18, 1812. MISSOURI FUR COMPANY. Capital $50,000. 50 shares at $1,000. Silvestre Labbadie, Wm Clark and Manuel Lisa, the old Company hold $27,000 in goods, &c., up the Mis- souri River. Subscriptions desired for the remain- ing $23,000. Feb. 1, 1812. M. GUYOL, Portrait and miniature painter in oil. Lessons in architecture and landscape. March 7, 1812. 124 BUSINESS NOTICES. JOSEPH BOUJU, CLOCK AND WATCH MAKER, Silver Smith and Jeweler, has just arrived in St. Louis, at Mrs. Papin's house opposite Genl. Clark's office. He has for sale, Cherry-bounce, Ratafia de Grenoble, Whisky, etc., etc. A Gig and Harness and his keel boat and apparatus. April 4, 1812. M'NAIR, THOMPSON & co. have just opened in the house of Madame Kobi- doux, a fresh stock of goods from Philadelphia and Pittsburgh. Having a good store and cellars, they will receive consignments on Commission and Storage. May 1, 1812. J. F. LAVILLE, just from New Orleans, has opened a new store in Mad'e Chouteau's house. May 1, 1812. MADAME PESCAY'S PROSPECTUS for a ^Boarding and Day Academy for Young Ladies in French and English, in Sanguinet's house on Second Street. May 8, 1812. BERTHOLD & PAUL have this day dissolved their copartnership by mutual consent. Rene Paul will settle the books of the late firm. June 6, 1812. BUSINESS NOTICES. 125 J. SEPTLIVRES AND GEO. TOMPKINS have formed a copartnership to open a French and English School in St. Louis on August 7th next. June 6, 1812. DOCT. BERNARD FAKRAR has opened a Drug and Medicine Store, in St. Louis. He has for sale a variety of Spices, Paints and Stationery. June 27, 1812. B. G. FARRAR AND JOS. CHARLESS dissolved their copartnership in the drug business on the 10th of May last, by mutual consent. Jos. Charless will adjust the business. July 6, 1812. DOCT. SIMPSON will practice Medicine and Surgery in the town and vicinity of St. Louis. Office lately occupied by Fergus Moorhead, in Manuel Lisa's house. July 25, 1812. DOCTORS FARRAR & WALKER have entered into partnership for the practice of Medicine, Surgery and Midwifery. They have opened a Drug and Medicine store on Main Street, below Major Christy's Tavern, adjoining Dangen's Silversmith Shop. Aug. 29, 1812. 126 BUSINESS NOTICES. HORACE AUSTIN has opened a Tavern in the house lately occupied by Mad'e Robidoux. Good cellars for storage of Whisky. Aug. 8, 1812. PETER PRIMM recommences his tailoring business in the small shop next to Mad'e Lecompte's dwelling, opposite to Doct. Simpson's drug store. Aug. 22, 1812. DE PESTRE, DE MUN & CO. close their business in St. Louis. Julius De Mun to wind up the affairs of the late firm. Sept. 15, 1812. THE POST-OFFICE is removed to Doctor Simpson's Drug Store, Main street, St. Louis. Oct. 1, 1812. JOSEPH CHARLESS will give one bit a pound for old copper and brass, and takes it at that price for debts due the printer. Sept. 12, 1812. SMITH, VON PHUL & CO. have dissolved partnership. Smith & Von Phul will continue business at their former stand in St. Louis. Sept. 19, 1812. BUSINESS NOTICES. 127" MADAME PESCAY AND MICHAEL TESSON have dissolved the partnership existing between them since February, 1811. Michael Tesson con- tinues the business alone. Nov. 6, 1812. GEORGE CASNER has removed his blacksmith shop to the large shop lately occupied by James Baird. Nov. 5, 1812. EDWARD HEMPSTEAD AND DAVID BARTON, Attorneys at Law. Nov. 27, 1812. TOUSSAINT BENOIT'S Baker Shop, north Second street. Dec. 5, 1812. THE COPARTNERSHIP of John Chandler and Alex'r McNair is this day dissolved. The business will be carried on in future by John Chandler, who will close the accounts of the late firm. April 13, 1813. BERTHOLD & CHOUTEAU are just opening a general assortment of Dry Goods, Groceries, Hardware, Crockery, etc. April 30, 1813. 128 BUSINESS NOTICES. FARRAR & WALKER'S Apothecary Store is removed to Mrs. Chouteau's house, opposite to Manuel Lisa's new brick house. They have just received from Baltimore a fresh sup- ply of medicines. May 1, 1813. LOCKH ART'S FREE FERRY, at St. Louis. May 1, 1813. MRS. JANE RICHARDS will open her new school in the house of Manuel Lisa on Second street, formerly occupied by Doct. Simpson. May^T, 1813. DOCT. SIMPSON has removed his drug store to the former stand of Farrar & Walker. Aug. 28, 1813. THE BANK OF ST. LOUIS opened her books for subscriptions to stock on Monday, September 20th, 1813. JAMES KENNERLY AND JOHN O'FALLON have for sale Pickled Pork, Beef, and Flour. Oct. 18, 1813. JOHN C. SULLIVAN, Collector of U. S. Revenue for Missouri. Jan. 1, 1814. BUSINESS NOTICES. 129 GEORGE TOMPKINS declines keeping school any longer ; he will sell his furniture, book-case, and a ten-plate stove. June 10, 1814. GEO. M. KEEMER, just from Philadelphia, with a large stock of Boots and Shoes, at Austin's Tavern. July 16, 1814. PRICE- & SHULL have purchased the tools, etc., of Burrows & Co., and will carry on the Hatters' business at the same stand. July 16, 1814. D. STEWART'S Nail Factory, Main street, adjoining the store of Theo. Hunt. Sept. 14, 1814. BERXARD PRATTE has just returned from Philadelphia and Baltimore with an extensive assortment of Merchandise, for sale at low prices. May 14, 1814. BERTHOLD & OHOUTEAU have just brought on from Philadelphia and Balti- more a general assortment of Groceries, Dry Goods, Queensware, etc., etc., which they will sell low at their old stand on Main street. April 30, 1814. 130 BUSINESS NOTICES. JAMES BARLOW, BLACKSMITH, at Beard's large shop on Third street. Nov. 12, 1814. PETER LINDELL & CO. desire to close their business here by January 1, and request all who have transactions with them, to have settled up by that date. Nov. 23, 1814. M'KNIGHT & BRADY give notice that they have sold out their stock of goods, and desire to settle their accounts, as soon as possible. Dec. 28, 1814. DAVID BARTON has quit the practice of law. Matthias McGirk will attend to the professional business I have undertaken. Feb. 3, 1815. THE COPARTNERSHIP of Peter Lindell with Thos. and John Cromwell is this day dissolved. Peter Lindell will settle the business of said firm. March 1, 1815. MICHAEL TESSON has removed his store across the street to Primm's house, next door below Austin's Tavern. March 18, 1815. BUSINESS NOTICES. 131 FREDERICK A. BUTLER has just opened a new store of American manu- factured goods, next door to Doct. Simpson's, formerly the Post-office. April 26, 1815. j. D. RUSSELL'S Chair Factory, on Main street, between Matthew Kerr's store and the Post-office. May 31, 1815. THEODORE HUNT' S Tan Yard, in the Town of St. Louis. The highest price paid for Raw Hides. May 28, 1815. JAMES SAWYER has opened a Seminary on the Lancasterian System, near Major Christy's. July 21, 1815. WM. L. M'QUIE has a hand for sale, at Mr. Chenie's, opposite Genl. Pratte's store; three or four thousand gallons of Whisky of the best quality, and eight hundred gal- lons of High Wines. Aug. 11, 1815. HENRY S. GEYER, Attorney at Law, office in Mr. Brazeau's dwelling on Second street, opposite Mrs. Hempstead's. Sept. 1, 1815. 132 BUSINESS NOTICES. DOCT. PRYOR QUARLES will practice Medicine and Surgery ; his office is opposite Mr. Patrick Lee's, Main street. Sept. 2, 1815. POUND, sometime ago in St. Louis, a watch ; the owner is requested to prove property, pay charges, and receive her. SAMPSON FURR. Sept. 17, 1815. DOCTS. FARRAR & WALKER have removed to their new medicine shop, Main street, opposite Rene Paul's new stone building. Sept. 16, 1815. BOOTS. ROB'T SIMPSON AND PRYOR QUARLES have formed a connection in the Drug and Medicine business, at the old stand of Doct. Simpson. Oct. 1, 1815. MAJOR LORENZO AUSTIN, at Bellefontaine, advertises deserters from that Post. Oct. 15, 1815. CHRISTIAN SMITH'S new Bakeshop, opposite Mr. Hempstead's office, on 3rd Cross Street South, tfov. 11, 1815. CENSUS. Town of St. Louis, 2,000; County, 5,395. Total, 7,395. Dec. 2, 1815. BUSINESS NOTICES. 133 AUGUSTUS CHOUTEAU notifies the public, that .he will not permit his land, adjoining the Court House in the Town of St. Louis, to be made use of as a place of burial. Oct. 12, 1815. DOCT. BOBT. SIMPSON is hard run for cash to pay his debts, and will sell a number of notes and accounts on reasonable terms, particularly to those interested. After Jan. 1, they will be offered at auction. Dec. 1, 1815. OHAS. W. HUNTER & CO.'S New Store, just opened, from Philadelphia, oppo- site Matthew Kerr's Store. Dec. 22, 1815. JAMES SAWDER thanks his patrons for their support of his Semi- nary, and will endeavor to extend its usefulness. Dec. 22, 1815. JOS. CHARLESS, at the instance of a number of friends in Ken- tucky and Ohio, intending to remove to Missouri and Illinois Territories, has opened Books, for the Registry and Sale of Lands, Town lots and Slaves. Every exertion will be made to render the institution worthy of patronage. Dec. 28, 1815. 134 BUSINESS NOTICES. THOMAS PEEBLES has opened a house of entertainment, sign of the Union Hall, formerly 'known as the Missouri Hotel. Jany. 27, 1816. HOLMES & ELLIOTT have just received from Philadelphia a Stock of Fresh Merchandise, in the stone house on Main Street, opposite Matthew Kerr's store. Feby. 14, 1816. GEO. w. FERGUSON'S Pottery, a large assortment of vessels of every description on hand. April 19, 1816. JOHN DOWLING has commenced the Copper and Tin business in the rear of Robidou's Store, near Matthew Kerr's. Jany. 2, 1816. MADAME PESCAY'S fresh Stock of Goods, in her white house oppo- site the Union Tavern. April 27, 1816. LILBUEN W. BOGGS & THOS. HANLY's new store adjoining the residence of Gov. Clark and opposite McKnight & Brady, large Stock of Fresh Goods. May 1, 1816. BUSINESS NOTICES. 135 A. M'NAIR & JAS. KENNERLY have dissolved their copartnership by mutual consent. The business will be settled by Alex. McNair. May 3, 1816. SMITH & SPICER have taken the store, recently occupied by McNair & Kennerly, and are now opening a general assort- ment of Merchandise. May 3, 1816. THEODORE HUNT has just received, and offers for sale at his store, two doors below McKnight & Brady's, a general assortment of Merchandise. May 1, 1816. JOSEPH PHILIPSON'S St. Louis Brewery is ready to sell Beer, at $11 per barrel or $6 per half barrel. One Dollar deduction if the barrel is returned. Retailed at 12 1-2 cents per quart at the stores of Silvestre Labbadie and Michael Tesson. May 25, 1816. EVARIST MAURY, from Nashville, Tennessee, opened a coffee-house in the old Sanguinet Mansion, on Second Street. April, 1816. 136 BUSINESS NOTICES. TIMOTHY FLJ:NT AND JAS. SAWYER have associated, and will continue their school on the Lancasterian System. May 30, 1816. JAMES SAWYER, gives notice that having purchased lot ]STo. 6 of Col. Chouteau's addition, on which there are some graves, and being about to build on the same, those who may have friends or relatives buried there are at liberty to remove them if they think fit. And suggests further that Cham- bers, Christy & Co., in their new addition of North Saint Louis, have set aside a suitable lot for a Church and Cemetery to be free to all denominations. May 31, 1816. DAVID M'NAIR, having obtained the Ferry privilege across the Missouri River at St. Charles, will always be ready to convey passengers, produce, or merchandise, etc. r at all hours with safety and despatch. April 9, 1816. THOMAS HANLY has just opened, in the south store of McKnight & Brady's new double brick house on Main street, a choice assortment of Merchandise. June 7, 1816. BUSINESS NOTICES. 137 TIMOTHY KIBBY, PROM ST. CHARLES, opened the upper part of this new building as the Washington Hall. PETER, JOHN AND JESSE G. LINDELL have just received at their store on Main Street, next above Henry Von Phul & Co., a general assortment of Merchandise. June 8, 1816. JOHN KEESACKER has just opened a Barber's Shop on Main Street, near Mr. Paul's stone house, and pledges himself to give satisfaction in his line. June 5, 1816. E. MAURY, next to Capt. Price's Store, near the Indian Office, has just opened a stock of New Merchandise. June 14, 1816. THOS. F. RIDDICK, AUCTIONEER. June 18, 1816. H. C. DAVIS has opened a Tavern, sign of the Green Tree, on Second Street. July 26, 1816. JAMES CLEMENS, JR., & CO., nearly opposite the P. O., large stock of New Goods. July 20, 1816. 138 BUSINESS NOTICES. JAMES CLEMENS, JR., & CO. have removed to the house of Mr. William Smith, and have lately received additions to their stock of Merchandise. Sept. 2, 1816. DOCT. ED. S. GANTT offers his professional services to the citizens of St. Louis and vicinity, at the house lately occupied by Mad'e Lebeau, South Main St. Nov. 1, 1816. RENE PAUL & CO. are now opening in his stone house, a large assort- ment of Merchandise, recently purchased in Phil- adelphia and Baltimore. Nov. 2, 1816. SMITH & SPICEB have removed to next door to Davis' Green Tree Hotel, 2nd Street. Oct. 26, 1816. JAMES SAWYER will undertake the tuition of a few Scholars, in the Arts and Sciences, at his residence. Nov. 30, 1816. RIDDICK & PILCHER, Auctioneers, South Main, a new frame warehouse in rear for storage. Nov. 30, 1816. BUSINESS NOTICES. 139 JNO. JACOB Y'S Saddle and Harness shop, in Clark's stone row, opposite Hunt's Store. Dec. 14, 1816. JAMES KENNERLY'S STOKE, in Clark's new brick, a large addition to his stock. Dec. 21, 1816. JOHN B. HERPIN & SON, New Store, from Philadelphia, in Patrick Lee's former stand, South Main Street. Dec. 28, 1816. STEPHEN R. WIGGINS' new Store, with a large Stock of Fresh Goods, just from New York, next door to Matthew Kerr. Jany. 2, 1817. SIMPSON & QUARLES have removed their Drugs and Medicines to the corner store lately occupied by Riddick & Pil- cher. Jany. 4, 1817. PATRICK M. DILLON has just opened a fresh Stock of Dry Goods, Groceries, Wines, etc., in the house of Peter Chou- teau, Sr., North Main Street. Jany. 11, 1817. 140 BUSINESS NOTICES. LITTLES STORE, two doors below the Indian Office, a general assort- ment of Merchandise. Feb. 6, 1817. P. M. DILLON has removed his Store, to that lately occupied by Theo. Hunt, directly opposite Genl. Clark's Indian Office. April 2, 1817. ALEX'R NASH'S PERRY AT ST. LOUIS. He has just put on a large Flat and two Keel- boats, landing on this side just above the sand bar. May 9, 1817. PORTER, GLASGOW & new Store, with all ~New Goods, in the place recently occupied by Theo. Hunt, Papin's house, two doors below " Washington Hall." May 10, 1817. MOSES SCOTT has removed his store to next below Porter, Glasgow & ^Tiven, opposite Clark's Indian Office. May 9, 1817. ROBERT S. LETT has opened his Academy on Main Street, next door to Mr. Wilt's Store. May 27, 1817. BUSINESS NOTICES. 141 REV. SALMON GIDDINGS, having procured a convenient house, will open his Academy on June 4th, his prices of tuition will be from $4 to $6 per quarter. May 29, 1817. RENE PAUL & CO. have this day dissolved partnership, Rene Paul will continue the business alone at his former stand. June 10, 1817. MICHAEL TESSON AND JULES PESCAY, successors to Patrick Lee, in the Auction and Commission Business. June 13, 1817. ABU AH HULL & CO., Bakers and Grocers, South Main Street. June 20, 1817. CHAS. E. JEANNERET, Clock and Watchmaker from Europe, has opened his shop in Major Chouteau's house, ]S"orth Main. July 10, 1817. REUBEN NEAL, Copper and Tin Smith, in house lately occupied by Joseph Brazeau, on Second, opposite Edward Hempstead. July 10, 1817. 142 BUSINESS NOTICES. DOCT. GEO. P. TODSEN offers his services in the practice of Medicine, Surgery, etc., in Mr. Papin's house, opposite Mr. Landreville's stone house. July 11, 1817. X CHAS. w. HUNTER'S new Store, from Philadelphia, adjoining Mr. Mat- thew Kerr's. July 12, 1817. SANGUINET & BRIGHT have just received and opened, a large and gen- eral assortment of Merchandise. July 26, 1817. A. MEDDOCK & DUVAL'S new Store in Dangen's house, lately occupied by Moses Scott. A general assortment of Fresh Goods. July 22, 1817. JAMES H. PECK, ATT 5 Y AT LAW, from Tennessee, will practice in the Several Courts. Aug. 15, 1817. M. DETANDEBARATZ, with fresh goods, just from Philadelphia, has opened them at Mrs. Pescay's. Aug. 2, 1817. DOLAN & M' DANIEL, TAILORS, opposite Col. Paul's, Main Street. July 7, 1817. BUSINESS NOTICES. 143 OH AS. TV. HUNTER has removed to the new Stone house, nearly oppo- site to Mr. Kerr's Store. Aug. 20, 1817. ISRAEL B. GRANT, Watch and Clock Maker, has opened his shop, next door below Mr. Wilt's Store on Main Street, where he will carry on the business in all its various branches. Aug. 30, 1817. MR. E. BOWLING'S Boarding House, North Main Street, next door above Maj. Peter Chouteau's. A large and con- venient house, good air and water. Sept. 13, 1817. M. DETANDEBARATZ has removed to the store next below Kerr & Bell's, . where C. W. Hunter was. Oct. 8, 1817. CHAS. TVAHRENDORFF has just opened, at the store of Perkins & Drips, opposite the Post Office, an Assortment of German Goods, imported this Spring by himself. Oct. 16, 1817. BERTHOLD & CHOUTEAU'S copartnership expired, and was succeeded by the new firm of A. P. Chouteau, Dem an & J. B. Sarpy. Oct. 18, 1817. 144 BUSINESS NOTICES. M. DUROCHER'S Dancing School, at the house of Mr. Sanguinet, Main Street. Oct. 22, 1817. EVARIST MAURY'S Planters Hotel, in the old Conde building, on Second .Street, just opposite Major Douglass' Office. Nov. 7, 1817. THOMAS ESTES, at the store lately occupied by Robert Collet, at the lower end of Main Street, is authorized to sell wholesale or retail, a Stock of about $100,000 worth of Assorted Merchandise. Nov. 28, 1817. RICHARDS & QUARLES' Tobacco Manufactory, in the Cross Street, nearly opposite the P. O. Nov. 29, 1817. GABRIEL & RENE PAUL'S large Stock of Fresh Goods, just opened in Rene Paul's Stone Store, on Main Street, a complete As- sortment of Merchandise. Dec. 7, 1817. DAVID BARTON has resigned the Circuit Judgeship, and resumed the practice of law. Dec. 13, 1817. BUSINESS NOTICES. 145 BERNARD PRATTE has removed to his new brick house, between the stores of J. Clemens & Smith, Main Street. Dec. 10, 1817. THOMAS M'GUIRE & co. have opened their store, in the South one of M'Knight & Brady's double brick building, just opposite Gov. Clark's, lately Moses Scott & Co. Dec. 20, 1817. STEPHEN R. WIGGINS' Broker and Land Office, and St. Louis Exchange, on Main Street, formerly Peeble's Tavern and Auction House in rear on River bank.* Dec. 20, 1817. REVD. SALMON GIDDINGS will open a school for boys and girls on Monday, the 5th, at his new house on the Hill. Jany. 3, 1818. JAMES IRWIN, has some new furniture for sale. Jany. 3, 1818. A. C. VANHIRTUM, from Amsterdam, will give lessons on Piano and Clarionet ; refers to R. Revd. Bishop Dubourg. Jany. 23, 1818. * The Gazette (vol. fourth) for 1818, 19 and 20 is missing. I take 1818 from January 1 to October 7, from my written memoranda, and beginning with October 7, 1818, from my printed Gazette of 1818-19. 10 146 BUSINESS NOTICES. JAMES BBAUD'S new Stock from Philadelphia, in the house for- merly Sergeant Hall's Printing Office. Jany. 23, 1818. THOMAS ESTES removed to the house formerly Peeble's Tavern, and since then Stephen R. Wiggin's Store. Jany. 30, 1818. L. W. BOGGS AND THOMAS HANLY dissolved partnership. Boggs purchased Hanly's interest. Feb. 13, 1818. J. H. BOYER, Tailor from Europe, in P. Chouteau's house. March 6, 1818. RENSHAW & HOFFMAN, just from Baltimore, with all new Goods, at Store formerly Collett & Daly. March 12, 1818. GEO. HAMMOND, fresh groceries from New Orleans. April 10, 1818. ISAAC ALLYN'S Chair Factory, on Second, next door to Shope's. April 17, 1818. BUSINESS NOTICES. 147 JOHN BOBB AND SAML. CABMAN, Bricklayers, etc. April 17, 1818. DOCT. ARTHUR NELSON'S professional card. April 24, 1818. PAUL & WM. ANDERSON, Commission Merchants, on Front, near the north- east half -moon. April 24, 1818. N. J. MACLOT & CO., Kew Goods from Philadelphia, opposite the Indian Office. May 1, 1818. ROBERT BAILEY & JOS. JANES, Builders. May 4, 1818. JOHN MULLANPHY appointed Julius Demun to transact his business in his absence. May 8, 1818. p. M. DILLON'S new Stock in the Store, lately Jos. Wiggin, oppo- site Bank St. Louis. May 15, 1818. KIMBALL & WARD'S Reading Room and Punch House. Corner Second and Main Cross Street. May 15, 1818. 148 BUSINESS NOTICES. THOMPSON P. WILLIAMS & CO., in store late Perkins & Drips. June 12, 1818. DOCT. A. NELSON has purchased the Drug business of Simpson & Quarles. June 19, 1818. ANTOINE DANGEN has established a Ferry to Cahokia, below [Judge Bent's farm. June 19, 1818. JOHN C. POTTEE, Lumber business. June 26, 1818. RENSHAW & HOFFMAN, removed to Sign of the Plough, opposite to Henry Von Phul & Co. July 1, 1818. JAMES CLEMENS & CO., Main, third door above the Market. July 24, 1818. HORATIO COZENS, Law Office, 'in Douglass' new brick. July 24, 1818. BUSINESS NOTICES. 149 SAMUEL R. OBER, large stock new goods, next below Collett and Daly. July 31, 1818. WM. PROUT & SON, I^ew Goods, just opened, in Clark's old Indian Office. August 19, 1818. THE OLD LIVERY STABLE, s. e. corner Third and Main Cross Street. Aug. 19, 1818. EDWARD TRACY, Just from New York, with ~New Goods, at the store of Dent and Rearick. Sept. 4, 1818. JONATHAN GUEST, has just opened his new goods from Philadelphia, in Major Douglass' new brick. Sept. 4, 1818. CHAS. WAHRENDORFF & CO. removed to next below the new Banking House. Sept. 11, 1818. MADAME PERDREAUVILLE'S Academy for Young Ladies, Music, Dancing, French, etc. Sept. 18, 1818. 150 BUSINESS NOTICES. RUFUS E ASTON AND RUFUS PETTIBONE, Land Agency Office. Sept. 25, 1818. HENRY W. CONWAY & CO. offer $300 reward for their clerk, Geo. R. Robert- son, who absconded from their store with a large amount of money and notes. Nimrod H. Moore adds $100 to the reward. Sept. 25, 1818. JONATHAN GUEST removed to Pratte's Warehouse. Sept. 25, 1818. H. VON PHUL & CO., OF ST. LOUIS, William Morton, Jno. S. Snead, & Henry Yon Phul dissolved partnership. Oct. 7, 1818. REVD. MR. KIEL'S academy for young gentlemen, at the house of Mr. Alvarez. Oct. 23, 1818. CHARLES BILLON, Clock and Watch Maker, from Philadelphia, ia Dangen's house. ]STov. 10, 1818. HENRY GULAGER, Clock and Watch Maker, in Clark's row. Kov. 5, 1818. BUSINESS NOTICES. 151 JOSEPH C. LAVEILLE, Architect and Builder. March 20, 1818. HASTINGS AND STIMPSON'S Store, Main Street, in Collet's brick. March 29, 1818. SAM'L R. OBER, next below Hastings and Stimpson's. March 29, 1818. THOMAS HANLY removed to his new brick on the river bank. Dec. 1, 1818. RENE AND GABRIEL PAUL, dissolution. Gabriel Paul continues Auction and Commission. Nov. 11, 1818. THEODORE HUNT'S Tan Yard, South Second. Jany. 1, 1819. DOOT. GEBERT, from France, at Mrs. Benoist's house. Jany. 1, 1819. DOCT. W. CARR LANE'S office on Third, late Reed's. Jany. 4, 1819. 152 BUSINESS NOTICES. DUROCHER'S DANCING SCHOOL, his last ball on the 26th inst. Jany. 14, 1819. PETER HALDEMAN & CO.' 8 Warehouse, on Church Street. Jany. 15, 1819. JAMES AND GEO. H. KENNERLY'S Store in Clark's brick house. Jany. 15, 1819. DENT & REARICK'S Warehouse. Jany. 22, 1819. JOSEPH WHITE & CO., Hatters, next below Hull's grocery. Feby. 3, 1819. CHOUTEAU & SARPY removed their store to next to the old Indian Office. Jany. 29, 1819. GABRIEL PAUL'S Auction Room, in his new brick house. Feb. 9, 1819. NELSON & HOFFMAN'S new Drug Store, in Simpson's new brick, opposite the Post-office. Feb. 9, 1819. BUSINESS NOTICES. 153 CHRISTIAN ( AND ANDREW WILT'S new firm, in Christian Wilt's old store. Feb. 10, 1819. TUTTLE & TELLER, Drugs and Medicines, new brick below Collet's. Feb. 10, 1819. ABRAHAM BECK'S Law Office, Secontl Street next to the Gazette Office. Feb. 16, 1819. JAMES ARNOLD, SR., Wines, &c., in Bosseron's cellar. March 5, 1819. JOHN R. GUY, 100,000 Shingles and Lime. March 29, 1819. RENSHAW & HOFFMAN have removed to next door north. April 7, 1819. DOCTS. NELSON & HOFFMAN have removed to the late stand of Renshaw & Hoffman. April 20, 1819. CHARLES W. HUNTER removed into Matthew Kerr's late stand. May 18, 1819. 154 BUSINESS NOTICES. MICHAEL, AND FRANCIS TESSON, copartnership, general assortment. June 2, 1819. DOCT. GEO. P. TODSEN'S office, in Perras' house, Second Street. June 9, 1819. THOS. COLLET & MICHAEL DALY, dissolved. Daly formed a copartnership with Mad- ame Pescay. June 9, 1819. DAN'L c. BOSS & co. Large stock of Pittsburgh porter and ale, opposite Bank of St. Louis. June 9, 1819. JOSEPH WIGGIN removed to No. 2 in Chouteau's row. June 23, 1819. JULIUS DEMUN, AGENT FOR JNO. MULLANPHY, new Stock in Lisa's new house, opposite Enquirer Office. June 30, 1819. DAVID W. TUTTLE removed to 'No. 3, Chouteau's row. July 24, 1819. JAMES TIMON & SON, new Store, next to Biddick's Auction. Aug. 4, 1819. BUSINESS NOTICES. 155 DAVID E. CUYLER has a lot of goods for sale at Dillon's new brick Store. Aug. 11, 1819. ROBERT LOGAN, Clock and Watch Maker, Bouju's old stand. Aug. 11, 1819. ISAAC H. GRIFFITH, Architect and Builder. Aug. 11, 1819. JOSEPH BOUJU, JEWELLER, &C., in his new frame, opposite Paul's Auction. Aug. 18, 1819. CRANE & BECK'S Western Land Agency. Sept. 8, 1819. ALEXIS AMELIN'S new ferry over the River. Sept. 15, 1819. REV'D FRANCIS NIEL reopens his school, second year. Sept. 15, 1819. SOLOMON MIGNERON'S, Gun Smith's Shop. Sept. 15, 1819. JOHN SARRADE'S Confectionery, Main Street. Sept. 29, 1819. 156 BUSINESS NOTICES. JOHN BOUDON'S Dancing School. Oct. 27, 1819. Attorney at Law. Oct. 27, 1819. AMOS WHEELER, Attorney and Counsellor at Law. Nov. 17, 1819. THEO. PAPIN & JOS. LAMOUREUX, having purchased the Stock of Maclot & Co., will continue the business in Gratiot's Stone Store. Dec. 8, 1819. GEORGE CASNER'S new Livery Stable and Blacksmith Shop, adjoining Mount's Carriage Shop. December, 1819. THE POST-OFFICE, removed by the new Post Master, Col. Elias Rec- tor, to the old Stone Mansion of Mrs. Chouteau. Dec. 8, 1819. CHARLES BILLON, removed to his new establishment, North Main, at the corner opposite the old Gratiot Mansion. Dec. 23, 1819. BUSINESS NOTICES. 157 WM. M. O'HARA & co., Exchange Bank, No. 1 of Col. Chouteau's brick row. Dec. 23, 1819. THOS. ESTES, removed to No. 2 of Col. Chouteau's new brick row, South Main Street. Dec. 29, 1819. CASTILLO & GILHULY'S store in Becquet's old house, South Main Street. Jan. 5, 1820. JOS. HERTZOG, from Philadelphia, will continue the business of C. & A. Wilt, at same place. Jan. 19, 1820. MISS P. LEFAVRE, French and English Academy for Young Ladies. Jan. 26, 1820. DOCT. EIOHABD MASON, from Philadelphia, in Bosseron's brick house. Feb. 2, 1820. JOHN HOLBROOK, Boots and Shoes. Feb. 8, 1820. GILHULY AND CUMMINS' STORE, in McKnight & Brady's old store, North Main. March 8, 1820. 158 BUSINESS NOTICES. MRS. GAY'S boarding house, upper part of McKnight and Brady's double brick. March 8, 1820. HERMAN L. HOFFMAN, removed to third house north of the Bank, sign " Golden Sun Shines equally upon all." April 5, 1820. JOSEPH AND FRANCIS ROBIDOU removed their Store to Papin's brick house. April 8, 1820. M'KENNA & co., Tailors, from New York. April, 1820. CHARLES WAHRENDORFF & CO. have dissolved partnership. April 10, 1820. EDWARD M'MANUS' Juvenile School, at Mrs. Papin's house. April 10, 1820. JOHN SHACKFORD & CO., Chouteau's row, third house. April 19, 1820. OLIVER HOLMES, SURGEON DENTIST, from Baltimore. April 26, 1820. BUSINESS NOTICES. 159 JOHN SIMONDS, SB., has taken the Green Tree tavern. April 26, 1820. THOS. ESSEX & OHAS. E. BEYNROTH, Books and Stationery. April 26, 1820. TRACY & WAHRENDORFF have associated, in the old stand of Wahrendorff. May 3, 1820. SAMUEL R. WIGGINS' new Team Boat Ferry, ]STorth Levee. May 11, 1820. RENSHAW & HOFFMAN, Auctioneers, at the old Stand. May 12, 1820. RIDDIOK & HONEY, Auctioneers, at Riddick's old stand. May 30, 1820. NATHANIEL D. PAYNE' S new Store in Mrs. A. P. Choutean's house. May 30, 1820. GEORGE BURCHMORE'S new Store, in Belcour's Stone Corner. Aug. 9, 1820. 160 BUSINESS NOTICES. PAUL & INGRAM, from Philadelphia, No. 1, Chouteau's row. Aug. 17, 1820. NEAL & LIGGETT, copper and tin shop, South Main. Aug. 17, 1820. T. GRIMSLEY & WM. STARK, Saddlers and Harness Makers. Aug. 23, 1820. GILES AND JOHN SAMUEL, Merchants, in R. Paul's corner. Aug. 23, 1820. DOCT. BERNARD FARRAR'S residence, in Carr's brick house, South Main. Sept. 13, 1820. DOCT. NELSON'S RESIDENCE, Main Street, lower end. Sept. 13, 1820. BIOGRAPHICAL. BEING BRIEF NOTICES OF INDIVIDUALS WHO WERE MORE OR LESS PROMINENT IN THEIR DAY. THE BENCH AND BAR of St. Louis, from 1804 to 1821. During the forty years of the French and Span- ish dominations in upper Louisiana, there were no Lawyers in the country, there being- no courts requiring the profession, and consequently but little litigation. Under the laws of these countries, the Governor of their respective colonies, exercised the functions of Judge and Jury, heard the statement of each party litigant, supported by their proofs, and then gave their decision in the matter, no doubt con- scientiously, and their decisions were always acquiesced in by the parties litigant. After the transfer of the Eastern or Illinois country to the British in 1765, Courts of Justice were gradually introduced, and the first Lawyer in the Territory was John Rice Jones, who came 11 (161) 162 BIOGRAPHICAL. to Kaskaskia in 1787, and in after years after the transfer to the United States of the Louisiana side, removed to St. Louis, where he died in 1824. The next one we read of was Isaac Darneil, who also came from the other side to this about 1807, but soon went back again to Illinois. Dales of Names. Arrival. John Rice Jones . . 1796 Wm. C. Carr . . . 1804 RufusEaston . . . 1804 Edward Hempstead . 1804 John Scott .... 1804 John B. C. Lucas . . 1805 Charles Lucas . . . 1805 William Lucas . . . 1805 Henry M. Breckenridge 1810 James A. Graham . 1810 Robert Wash . . . 1810 Charles S. Hempstead 1811 David Barton . . . 1812 Joshua Barton . . . 1812 Edward Bates . . . 1814 Matthias M'Girk . . 1814 Alexander Gray . . 1815 Henry S. Geyer . . 1815 Thomas H. Benton . 1815-16 Robert P. Farris . . 1815-16 Luke E. Lawless . 1816-17 Died. Jany. 23, 1824. March 31, 1851. July 5, 1834. Aug. 9. 1817. 1861. 1842. Sept. 27, 1817. Dec., 1811. . 29, 1856. 1837. June 29, 1823. March 25, 1869. 1841. Aug. 1, 1823. March 5, 1859. April 13, 1858. Dec. 17, 1830. Sept. 3, 1846. THE PHYSICIANS. Dates of Names. Arrival. Died. Horatio Cozens . . 1817 July 13, 1826. Eleazer Block . . . 1817-18 Kufus Pettibone . .^ 1818 July 31, 1825. James Hawkins Peck .' 1818 1837. A. L. Magenis . . 1818 Feb., 1848. Francis Carr ... . 1818-19 Sept., 1821. D. B. Wright . " . . 1820 Frederick White . . 1819 Henry Shurlds . . . 1819 Aug. 2, 1852. Abraham Beck . . 1819 Sept. 4, 1821. Amos Wheeler . . 1819 June 8, 1822. Josiah Spalding . . 1819-20 D. H. Conrad . . . 1820 George F. Strother . 1820 Nov. 28,1840. THE PHYSICIANS of the territorial days of St. Louis. In our Annals of the French days we have enumerated the half dozen physicians, who suc- ceeded each other in the little village in that period, the last of whom, Doct. Saugrain, came here in the year 1800. He appears to have had no competition in the profession for several years. Our first American physician of whom we find any record was Doct. Bernard Gr. Farrar, 1807. 164 BIOGRAPHICAL. Names. Bernard G. Farrar J. M. Read . . . Robert Simpson David Y. Walker . Pryor Quarles . Edward S. Gantt . Geo. P. Todsen . Arthur Nelson . Herman L. Hoffman Richard Mason Louis C. Beck . Wm. Carr Lane SaiiTl G. J. Decamp Paul M. Gebert . Zeno Fenn . Samuel Merry . Edward C. Carter . Joseph Williams . Doct. Lemignon. Dales of Arrival. . 1807 . 1811 . 1812 . 1812 . 1815 . 1816 . 1817 . 1818 . 1819 . 1820 . 1819 . 1819 , 1819-20 1819-20 . 1820 , 1820 , 1820 1820 Died. 1849. May 2, 1873. April 9, 1821. Oct. 15, 1821. Nov. 5, 1878. April 11, 1824. Jan'y 6, 1863. Nov. 20, 1826. Dec., 1824. March, 1865. AUGUSTS CHOUTEAU, SBN ? R, was born in New Orleans, Sept. 26, 1750, came up with Laclede in 1764, and materially assisted him in establishing the new Post. When Laclede died in 1778, he succeeded him as the most important individual in the place, as one of its founders. At the transfer of the country to the United States in 1804, he was, from his wealth and MRS. AUGUSTE CHOUTEAU. 165 position, perhaps the most prominent individual in the village, and filled under the new government several important positions at various times. In 1804, at the first organization of the Terri- torial Courts, he was appointed Presiding Justice of the Court of " Over and Terminer." In 1808, at the organization of the militia of the Territory, Gov'r M. Lewis appointed him the Colonel of the St. Louis Regiment.* In 1809, at the first election of Trustees for the Town of St. Louis, he was chosen President of the Board. Subsequently he was a Commissioner of the United States in negotiating several important treaties with Indian tribes, etc. Augtiste Chouteau was married on July 27th, 1786 to Miss Therese, daughter of Gabriel Cerre, an old Fur Merchant. He died Feb. 24th, 1829, aged 78 years and 5 months. His widow continued to occupy the old ' ' Family Mansion" on Main Street, in the centre of the Town, until 1836, when at the suggestion of her children, she built for herself a residence on the hill and covered the block with thirty-two three- story brick business houses, which she divided amongst her children and grandchildren. She died August 14, 1842, aged 72 years, 8Va months, two months after the death of her third and last daughter, Mrs. Major Thos. F. Smith. * This was how he became a Colonel, at nearly sixty years of age, previously only a plain " Mister." 166 BIOGKAPHICAL. They were the parents of nine children, of whom four sons and three daughters attained maturity. AUGUSTUS AKISTIDE CHOUTEAU, the eldest son of Col. Augustus Chouteau, was born Oct. 21, 1792, in St. Louis, and was married June 10, 1810, to Miss Constance San- guinet, daughter of Charles Sanguinet, Sr. He died about 1833-34 at the Indian Trading Post of his cousin, Aug's P. Chouteau, on the Ver- digris branch of the Arkansas River, about five miles from Fort Gibson, in the then Cherokee, now Indian Territory, aged about 41 years. His children were : Augustus Rene, born in 1811, who married Miss Rebecca Sefton ]NTov. 23, 3836, and died without issue late in 1847, aged 36 years. Edward A., born Dec. 26, 1814, who married Miss Elizabeth I. Christy August 8, 1849, and died Jany. 1, 1864, aged 59 years, leaving a son and two daughters. Virginia C., born June 16, 1816, married to Joseph C. Barlow March 8, 1836. She died Aug. 11, 1855, aged 39 years. GABRIEL SYLVESTKE CHOUTEAU, the second son of Col. Chouteau, was born Dec. 31, 1794, in St. Louis, and except for a few years when a youth, that he was at the' Cath- olic College at Bardstown, Ky., to complete his education, he spent the whole of his long life in St. Louis, superintending the operations of the HENRY P. CHOUTEAU. 167 old Chouteau Mill, at Hickory and Ninth Streets, until after 1853, when the Mill-pond being drained by the City authorities, the old Mill ceased its labors and became a thing of the past. Mr. G. S. Chouteau died June 18, 1887, having attained the unusual age of 92 years, 6 months. He left the bulk of his large landed estate to the children of his brothers and sisters. HENRY P. CHOUTEAU, the third son of Col. Chouteau, .was born in St. Louis, Feb. 11, 1805, and completed his education at the Catholic College on Second Street in this City. At the death of Silas Bent, Sr., in December, 1827, Mr. Chouteau, then in his 23d year, was ap- pointed to succeed him in the office of Clerk of the County Court and Recorder of St. Louis County. This position he filled for fourteen years, until Jany. 1, 1842, when he embarked into business as a merchant, and established the house of Chouteau & Riley, afterwards changed to Chou- teau & Valle. Mr. Chouteau was married on July 10, 1827, to Miss Clemence Coursault, from Baltimore, a niece of his two brothers-in-law, Gabriel and Rene Paul. He lost his life at the Gasconade disaster 2sTov. 1, 1855, at the age of 50 years, 8 months and 21 days, one of the thirty victims of that awful cat- astrophe. His widow survived him a few years, she died Oct. 6, 1859, aged 49 years and 9 months. 168 BIOGRAPHICAL. Their oldest son, Henry A., born Nov. 24, 1830, died Oct. 10, 1854, in his 24th year, the result of an accident, leaving a young widow and two children. Another son, Norbert Sylvestre, born May 17, 1841, died unmarried, Oct. 31, 1883. Their oldest child, Aglae, born in 1828, is the widow of the late Nere Valle, the former business partner of his father-in-law ; she has two married daughters, Mrs. John A. Dillon, of St. Louis, and Mrs. Randolph, of Tallahassee, Florida. Corinne, born in August, 1843, is the wife of Jno. N. Dyer, St. Louis. Beatrice, born in October, 1847, is the wife of Jno. O'Fallon Clark, St. Louis. Lillia, Clemence, born in June, 1850, is the wife of John S. Winthrop, of Florida. And one surviving son, Joseph Grilman Chouteau of this place, born in 1836. JOHN PIERRE CHOUTEAU, SR., was born in New Orleans, Oct. 10, 1758, and arrived in St. Louis in September, 1764, at the age of six years. His earliest years of manhood, and a portion of his prime, were devoted to the Indian trade, in which he laid the foundation of his fortune. His trading post was at the head waters of the Osage river, in the region of country occupied by the Osage tribes, with which and the neighboring nations, the Kansas, Pawnees and others, his trade was chiefly confined, and over whom, from his MAJOR JOHN PIERRE CHOUTEAU. 169 conciliatory course, he had acquired great influence. They held him in great esteem and regarded him as their father, always calling him by that familiar title. Some few years after we had received possession of the country, Major Chouteau, then about fifty years of age, abandoned the active pursuit of the Indian trade, and devoted his attention to other matters, dealing largely in landed property, through which he added materially to his acquisitions. Like his elder brother Auguste, he soon acquired prominence with the Americans, was appointed Major of the St. Louis battalion of militia, and held other positions, a member of the Town Council, Sub Indian-Agent for his old friends, the Osages, etc., etc. Major Chouteau was twice married : First. On July 26, 1783, to Pelagie Kiersereau, who died Feb. 9, 1793, after ten years' marriage, at the age of 26 years, leaving four children, three sons and one daughter. After a year's widowhood, Mr. Chouteau mar- ried a second wife, Miss Brigitte Saucier, of Cahokia, on Feb. 14, 1794. This lady died on May 18, 1829, after thirty-five years of married life, leaving five sons. Major Chouteau survived this second wife over twenty years. He died July 10, 1849, aged 90 years and 9 months. Children of Major John Pierre Chouteau : Augustus P., born May 9, 1786, married Sophie A. Labbadie, Feb. 15, 1809. 170 BIOGRAPHICAL. Pierre, Jr., born Jan. 19, 1789, married Eniilie Gratiot, June 15, 1813. Paul Liguest, born Oct. 30, 1792, married Con- stance Dubreuil, Feb. 11, 1813. Pelagic, born Oct. 7, 1790, married Bartholomew Berthold, Jan. 10, 1811. Francis G., born Feb. 7, 1797, married Berenice Menard, July 12, 1819. Cyprian, born Oct. 1, 1802, married, and died Feb. 1, 1879, aged 77 years. Louis Pharamond, born Aug. 18, 1806, died un- married, May 28, 1831, aged 25 years. Charles, born Feb. 2, 1808. Frederic, born Oct. 16, 1809. Children of Augustus P. Chouteau, the first son : Sophie, born 1813, was married to N". N. De- menil. Susanne, born 1815, was married to Louis R. Cortambert. Marie Antoinette, born 1816, was married to R. J. Watson. Pierre Sylvestre, born 1819, was married to Miss Alvarez. Virginia, born 1826, was married to John G. Priest. Pelagie, Augustine, Marie E., Louis and Aimee died single, some of them young. Aug's P. Chouteau died at his Trading Post in Arkansas, in 1839, aged 53, and Mrs. A. P. Chouteau in St. Louis, Sept. 5, 1862, aged 72 years and 6 mos. FRANCIS G. CHOUTEAU. 171 Children of Pierre Chouteau, Jr., the second son : Emilie, born Feb. 13, 1814, married to John F. A. Sanf'ord. Julie, born Feb. 28, 1816, married to William Maffit, Pierre Charles, born Dec. 25, 1817, died an infant iii 1818. Charles P., born Dec. 2, 1819, married to Julia A. Gratiot. Benj. Wilson, born Aug. 17, 1822, died an in- fant. Pierre Chouteau, Jr., died Oct. 6, 1865, in his 77th year. Mrs. P. Chouteau, died 1863, aged 70 years. Children of Paul L. Chouteau, third son : Augustus L., born April 22, 1815. Alexander, born Feb. 10, 1818. Charles Louis, born March 7, 1819. Charles Liguest, born 1821. Mrs. P. L. Chouteau died in St. Louis, January 3d, 1824. Mr. P. L. Chouteau married a second wife, Miss Aurora Hay, daughter of John Hay, Esq., of Belleville, Ills., ]S T ov. 3, 1830. Children of Francis G. Chouteau, the fourth son : * Edmund Francis, born Feb. 13, 1821. * All born in Kansas City, of which place he was the founder, and for many years the sole resident. 172 BIOGRAPHICAL. Louis Amede, born Feb. 27, 1825. Louis Sylvestre, born Feb. 14, 1827. Benjamin, born Dec. 25, 1828. Odille, born Jan'y 8, 1837. Children of Charles P. Chouteau, only son of Pierre, Jr. : Emily, born Oct. 1, 1846, married Mr. Henshaw. Pierre, born July 30, 1849, married to Miss Chauvin. Nannie, born Jan'y 4, 1856, married to Lieut. Johnson, U. S. Army. Henry, born, Oct. 12, 1857. Marie Julie, born Feb. 28, 1873. GEN'L CHARLES GRATIOT, the eldest son of Charles Gratiot, Sr., and Vic- toire Chouteau, was born in St. Louis Aug't 29, 1786. In 1804 he was appointed to the Military Academy at West Point, from which he grad- uated in 1806, and was assigned to the Corps of Engineers as Second Lieuten't in October, 1806. In 1808 promoted to Captain. Feb'y, 1815, Major. Lieut. -Colonel in March, 1819. Colonel and Engineer in Chief in May, 1828. General Gratiot served throughout the war of 1812-15, on the Western frontier, he built Fort Gratiot at the foot of Lake Huron, in Michigan, planned and superintended the erection of Fortress Monroe, where he was stationed many years, i'/f COL. HENRY GRATIOT. 173 and was retired from the Army in December, 1838. He married in Philadelphia, April 22, 1810, Miss Ann Belin, born in 1799. They were the parents of two daughters. Mary Victoria, born Feb'y 17, 1820, who mar- ried Nov. 1, 1837, C. F. F. DeMontholon, from France. Julia Augusta, born Sept. 24, 1824, married Nov. 27, 1845, to Charles P. Chouteau, of St. Louis. Gen. Gratiot died in Washington City. Mrs. Gen. Gratiot in St. Louis, Dec. 26, 1886, aged 87 years, COL. HENRY GRATIOT, the second son of Charles Gratiot, Sr., was born in St. Louis, April 25th, 1789, and when a young man built a house and improved a farm on his father's league square on the King's Highway, five miles from the Town, where he lived for some years, previous to and after his marriage. He was married Jan'y 21, 1813, to Miss Susan, born in Hebron, Connecticut, Feb'y 20, 1797, youngest daughter of Capt. Stephen Hempstead, Sr.,. and continued to reside in St. Louis for some years, the most of their children being born here. In 1825, with his brother John P. B. Gratiot, he went with the rush to the " Fevre River" lead mines at Galena, 111., and established themselves, at the place named after them " Gratiot's Grove ' : 174 BIOGRAPHICAL. fifteen miles from Galena in "Wisconsin," where they were for a number of years extensively en- gaged in the smelting of lead ore. In after years Col. Gratiot relinquished the " lead business," and turned his attention to farming, being at same time Indian-Agent. Early in 1836 important public business called him to Washington, which having accomplished, he had just started on his return home, when he died very suddenly at Barnum's Hotel, Baltimore, April 27, 185(3, at the age of 47 years. His widow survived him a number of years, and died June 2, 1854, aged 57 years and 3 months. Their children were : Charles H., born in 1814, married, had several children, died in 1883 at Gratiot. Edward H., born June 19, 1817, married, had 5 or 6 children, died Dec., 1882, at Platteville. Mary, born in 1821, died a young woman, un- married. Susan, born in 1819, married Mr. Child, died Dec., 1843, aged 24. Henry A., born in 1823, lives in California. Adelle, born in 1827, married to E. B. Wash- burn e, died in 1887, aged 60. Stephen H., died in Washington in 1864. Eliza, died young. JOHN P. B. GRATIOT, the third son of Charles Gratiot, Sen'r, was born in St. Louis, Feb. 19, 1799, and completed his education at the College at Bardstown, Kentucky PAUL B. GRATIOT. 175 in 1818. On November 18, 1819, he married Miss Marie Antoinette Adelle Perdreauville, a young lady from Paris, whose parents had left France after the abdication of Napoleon, succeeding the battle of Waterloo. In 1825, with his Brother Henry, he went to the lead mines near Galena, Illinois, where he was engaged in smelting lead mineral for a number of years. About the year he came back to St. Louis, removed to Washington County and settled on a farm, repre- senting that County in the Legislature in . He had a large family of five sons and four daughters. His oldest daughter, Antoinette, married Edward Hempstead, of Arkansas. His other daughters were Adele, Marie and Mimmie. His sons were Rene, Theodore, Julius, Adolph and Charles, some of them are married. He died in St. Louis in the summer of 1876, at the age of 77 years. PAUL B. GRATIOT, the fourth son of Charles Gratiot, Sen'r, was born March 13, 1800, and returned from College at Bardstown, Kentucky, with his brother John in 1818. He was employed as a clerk in the house of Berthold & Chouteau for some few years. In 1823 he entered into an engagement with the American Fur Company to act as a clerk of the company in the Fur trade of the upper Missouri. 176 BIOGRAPHICAL. In 1825, June 6, he was married to Miss Vir- ginia, daughter of Mr. Charles Billon, dec'd, from Philadelphia, and their first child, a son, was born on April 3, 1828. On the expiration of his engage- ment with the Fur Company, he removed with his family to Gratiot's Grove, where his brothers Henry and John were smelting lead, and engaged in mining for a few years. In 1832 he returned to St. Louis, and removed out to his farm, a part of his father's " league square," five miles from the City, now Cheltenham, where he lived the balance of his life. In 1851-53 one of the Judges of the County Court. He died in 1854, in his 55th year, and Mrs. P. M. Gratiot Nov. 29, 1871, aged 66 years, 7 months. Their children: Charles B., born April 3, 1828, married to Edith Thornburg. Henry Terry, born July 3, 1830, unmarried. Victoria Sophia, born March 10, 1832, died a young woman. John Sarpy, born Feb. 2, 1834, died young. Isabella Demun, born Aug. 25, 1836, died young. Adolph Paul G., born Oct. 9, 1838, married to Miss Caroline Graham. Theresa M., born April 15, 1841. Paul Benjamin, born Aug. 10, 1847. HERCULANEUM. 177 JOHST NICHOLAS MACLOT, was born in the City of Metz, Loraine, France, June 18, 1767, he was the son of John Maclot de Coligny and Anne Marguerite Francoise Joly de Morney. When a young man about of age, he came to Paris during the troublous times pre- ceding the breaking out of the Revolution, and soon found himself one of the hundreds that were almost daily incarcerated in the Bastile for their political views and sentiments. After a brief imprisonment he obtained his release and im- mediately left France and crossed over to London. Here having been always fond of jewelry, he learnt the business as a means of support, and worked at it for some years, he then crossed the Ocean to the United States and spent some years in Philadelphia. In the year 1804 he came to St. Louis with a Stock of Goods and embarked in Mercantile business. On August 16, 1806, Mr. Maclot was married to Miss Marie Therese, third daughter of Mr. Charles Gratiot, Sr. Early in the year 1809, after the Town of Herculaneum, thirty-two miles below St. Louis, in Jefferson County, had been laid out by Austin and Bates and had gotten a start, Mr. M. com- menced the erection on the high cliff at the south end of the village, of a tower for the manufacture of patent shot and bar lead, the first shot works 178 BIOGRAPHICAL. west of the Alleghany mountains. The works were sufficiently advanced to commence making shot in November of the same year 1809. In 1811, his works being completed and in suc- cessful operation, Mr. Maclot purchased a farm adjoining his lead works, built a good residence on it, and removed his wife and young children to that place so as to oversee his business. He remained here nearly four years. In the winter of 1814-15, his wife being extremely ill, to obtain better service and attention, he took her down to St. Genevieve by water, then the only means of conveyance. Mrs. M. died there Feb. 26, 1815, aged 27 years, leaving two little daughters, one Julia Zelina, born April 13, 1808, then nearly 7 years of age ; the other, Virginia Elizabeth, born July 23, 1814, about seven months. After the death of Mrs. M., Mr. Maclot left the two children with their grandparents, the Gra- tiots, in St. Louis, and descended to 'New Orleans, on his way around to Philadelphia. The oldest child, when at a suitable age, was married to Henry A. Thomson, II. S. Army, at Baltimore, both deceased, leaving a number of chil- dren. The youngest, Virginia, married Jan'y 31, 1837, to Peter A. Berthold, St. Louis. In 1819 Mr. John N. Maclot married a second wife in Phil'a, Emelie Mathieu, born Feb. 15,. 1791, then 28 years of age. Their only son, Louis A., born ISTov. 16, 1821 > SYLVESTEE LABBADIE. 179 died Dec. 16, 1865, at Davenport, Iowa, aged 44, unmarried.* John N". died April 16, 1849, at Davenport, Iowa r aged 83 years. Mrs. Jno. 5T. died Jan'y 26, 1872, at St. Louis, aged 81. They raised two daughters to become married ladies, both now deceased, Mrs. Wallace and Mrs. Weston. SILVESTRE LABBADIE, JR., son of Silvestre Labbadie, Sr., from France, and Pelagie Chouteau, was born in St. Louis, Oct. 15, 1779, the only son of his parents who lived to maturity. His father died in 1794, when he was a lad of fifteen years of age, and leaving him a competency he does not appear to have engaged in any business, until 1818-19, when house building materials being in great demand, Mr. Labbadie, with a view to give himself employment, erected an ox-mill for sawing joists, scantling, &c., at the upper end of the town on the river bank, the first one in the country, which he operated for near twenty years and then disposed of. Mr. Labbadie was married to Victoire, daughter of Charles Gratiot, Sr.. on June 25, 1807. They had three children, two of whom died at an early age, and one only, their daughter Virginia, grew to womanhood. * With the death of Louis A., the name of Maclpt became extinct, his uncles in Europe having died without male heirs. 180 BIOGRAPHICAL. Mr. Labbadie died July 24, 1849, in his seven- tieth year, and Mrs. L., May 5, 1860, at the age of seventy-five. MR. JOSEPH A. SIRE, was born at Rochelle, Department of the Lower Charante, France, on the 19th of February, 1799, and came over to Philadelphia a young man, and to St. Louis a clerk of Braud and Detandebaratz, merchants from that city, in 1821. On June 26, 1827, Mr. Sire was married to Miss "Virginia, the only child of Silvestre Labbadie, and went into business with his father-in-law in Lab- badie' s saw mill at the upper end of the town. After giving birth to an infant, Mrs. Sire died on Sept. 22d, 1828, aged but 20 years, after a brief married life of but fifteen months, and leaving her parents childless. After the death of his wife and child, Mr. Sire continued to reside with her parents until the dis- posal of the mill in the 1836, when Mr. Sire changed his business, and became a partner in the fur com- pany of Pierre Chouteau, Sarpy & Co. On June 29, 1852, Mr. Sire was married to Mrs. Rebecca, the widow of Augustus R. Chouteau, and died July 15, 1854, without children, aged 55 years. BROTHERS PRATTE. 181 SILVESTKE PRATTE, the oldest son of Gen'l Bernard Pratto, Sr., and Emilie Sauveur Labbadie, was born in St. Louis Sept. 22, 1799. On June 5th, 1822, he was married in Ste. Gene- vie ve to Miss Odille, daughte'r of Major Camille Delassus, a brother of our last Spanish Governor Delassus. He died in June, 1828, at the head waters of the Platte River, in his twenty-ninth year, without children. His widow subsequently became the wife of Louis Valle. BERNARD PRATTE, JR., second son of B. Pratte Sr., was born in St. Louis Dec. 17, 1803, three days before the transfer to the United States. He was married to Miss Louise, the eldest daughter of the late Antoine Chenie, on July 20, 1824. In his early years he was closely engaged in business as a merchant, commanded a steamboat in the -New Orleans trade, made several voyages up the Missouri and Mississippi, served as Mayor of the city in 1844 and 45, was President of the Bank of Missouri, &c. After 1850 he retired from business, and spent the latter years of his life on his farm near Jones- 182 BIOGRAPHICAL. burgh, Montgomery County, Mo., where he died in July, 1887, aged 83 years and six months. His widow survives him. They raised six chil- dren, viz. : Louisa, Mrs. Clay Taylor, dec'd; married Kov. 16, 1853. Celeste, widow of Augustus Tracy ; married STov. 16, 1853. Julia, was first Mrs. Dickinson, and now Mrs. Gilpin. Lena, deceased wife of Doc't Gervais Robinson. Bernard No. 3, living in the South, married. Sylvestre, married Miss Sloan ; he died recently. MR. JOHN B. SARPY, eldest son of Gregoire Sarpy and Pelagie Lab- badie, was born in St. Louis, Jan'y 12, 1798. After completing his studies at school, he was employed as a clerk in the mercantile house of Berthold & Chouteau, with whom he continued associated throughout the various changes of the house for the balance of his life. He was twice married, first to Miss Adele, the eldest daughter of John P. Cabanne, on Sept. 14, 1820, this lady died March 24, 1832, in her 27th year, leaving a little daughter of nearly five years. Mr. Sarpy married his second wife, Miss Martha, daughter of James Russell, Esq., April 14, 1835. This lady died in the fall of 1845, in ALEXANDER L. PAPIN. 183 ]STew Orleans, at the age of 27 years, leaving a little son and daughter. John B. Sarpy died April 1, 1857, m his 60th year. His oldest daughter, Virginia, was married first to Frederick Berthold, April 15, 1847, who died in St. Louis in Oct., 1868, aged 47 years; and secondly to Armand Peugnet, in France, where they live. His son, John E. Sarpy, born Dec. 27, 1838, died a young man. JOSEPH PAPIN, the oldest son of Joseph M. Papin and wife, Marie Louise Chouteau, was born in St. Louis in 1780. He married February 15, 1820, Mrs. Bradshaw, a widow lady. He died in April, 1850, leaving no children. ALEXANDER LAFORCE PAPIN, the second son of J. M. P., born in St. Louis in 1782, married Julia Brazeau, daughter of Louis Brazeau, Sr., Aug't 13, 1814. He died in July, 1849, and his wife previous to her husband. Their children were : Marguerite, Mrs. Henry Masure. Fanny, Mrs. Larkin Deaver. Henrietta, Mrs. Jeremiah Wilcox. Alexander, Jr., killed in New Mexico. 184 BIOGRAPHICAL. HYPOLITE LEBEKT PAPUST, the third son of J. M. P., born in 1787, married Josephine, eldest daughter of Regis Loisel, July 14, 1815. He died Dec. 20, 1842. His wife had died two months previously, leaving seven sons and four daughters. Hypolite, Joseph L., Pierre M., Theodore, Ray- mond, Eugene and Edmond. Louise Anne, marrid Eugene Dupre. Emilie Lise, married James C. "Waugh. Zoe, married Edward N". Tracy. Josephine, married Robert C. Greer. PIERRE MELLICOURT PAPIN, the fourth son of J. M. P., was born in 1793. He died in St. Louis, in July, 1849, unmarried. SYLVESTER VILRAY PAPIN, the fifth son of J. M. P., was born in 1794. He married Clementine, the second daughter of Regis Loisel, July 18, 1817. He died Aug't 3, 1828, at the age of 34 years. Their children were : Clementine, married Leopold Carriere, from Prance, in 138. Sylvester V., married Emeline Schofield ; he died without children. Timothy L., married first Mary, daughter of THEODORE D. PAPIN. 185 Hugh A. Garland ; second Margaret Brent, and third Lida Yarn all, all deceased. Theophile, married first Julie Henrie, of Prairie du Rocher, Ills., dec'd, and second Emily Carlin, of Illinois. PIERRE DIDIER PAPIN, sixth son of J. M. P., was born in 1798. He mar- ried Catherine Louise, only daughter of Pascal Leon Cerre, Aug'tlO, 1826. He died in May, 1853, at the age of 55 years, and his widow in April, 1884, aged 77 years and 7 months. They left four children : Leon J., who married Medora C., daughter of Capt. Jno.. D. Daggett. Alfred J., who married Miss Virginia McCord, of Georgia. Palmyre, who married Joseph P. Wilkinson. Armantine J., who married Henry T. ISTorcom. THEODORE D'ARTIGNY PAPIN, seventh son of J. M. P., born in 1799, married Marie Celeste, daughter of Jno. B. Duchouquette, Oct. 25, 1820. He died in 1851. His wife had died previously. Their children were : Mary, married first to Geo. W. Atchison, Jr., and secondly to Doct. S. Gratz Moses. Adolph, married Mary Saucier. Henry, married Harriet Wilkinson . 186 BIOGRAPHICAL. GILES JOSEPH LEDUC, son of Jos. G. Leduc, Sr., and Marie Helene Hamelin, was born at St. Denis, Paris, a brother of Marie Philip Leduc, noticed in my previous annals. He came over with his mother and brothers from France, and lived for a while in New Orleans, then came up to New Madrid, and finally to St. Louis at the commencement of the century. He was married July 14, 1806, at Cahokia, Ills., to Miss Constance Brisson of that place, and died in St. Louis in 1810. His mother also died about the same time. HENRY GUSTAVUS SOULARD, the second and only surviving son of Antoine Pierre Soulard and Marie Julie Cerre, was born in St. Louis, May 14, 1801, and has passed all his life in the place, being now in his 88th year, the last survivor of all those who were born in St. Louis, prior to the transfer of the country to the United States. Mr. Soulard was married in Ste. Genevieve on May 9, 1833, to Miss Harriet, daughter of the late Doct. Harvey Lane, formerly of that place, and granddaughter of Col. John F. Hamtramck, of the Revolutionary Army, in his life time Col. of the old First Regiment U. S. Infantry, the Pioneer Regiment in the West, that built Fort Harmer at Marietta, Ohio, in 1787, and other early ANTOINE DANGEN. 187 forts, and who died, Col. of the Regiment at Detroit, Michigan, April 11, 1803. They are living at their residence on State Street, having passed their golden wedding five years ago. GEMENIN BEAUVAIS, was born near Montreal, Canada, about the year 1770, and came to St. Louis a young man. On Dec. 5, 1799, Gov'r Delassus made him a concession of a vacant half block of ground, at the extreme north end of the village, upon which some years thereafter he built for himself a blacksmith shop, now the northwest corner of Main and Cherry. This he disposed of and re- moved to Ste. Genevieve in 1807. About the year 1808 he married Miss Aubuchon of that place, where his children were all born. He subsequently returned to St. Louis, where he died in 1841, at the age of 71 years, his wife having died at Ste. Genevieve about the year 1824. His children were : Gemenin, Jules, Rene, and Francis A., sons, and Edith, who married Aug'te Lachance. ANTOINE DANGEN, son of Charles D'Engin and Catherine Bouis, was born at Marseilles, in Provence, France, and came to St. Louis about the year 1805, a jeweller and silver smith. 188 BIOGRAPHICAL. 1807, July 22d, he was married to Claire Mar- guerite, the oldest daughter of Amable Guy on, Jr., of Carondelet. Their children were : Rosine, born in 1808, married to Louis Menard, from France, May 24, 1824. Frederick, born in 1810, killed Sept. 27, 1823, aged 12 years, thrown from a buggy. Selina, born in 1812, died May 28, 1830, aged 18 years. Antoine L., who married Clara M. Tesson, ISTov. 24, 1853. Antoine Dangen, died April 12, 1827, aged about 50 years. 'Mrs. C. Marg't Dangen, died July 8, 1827, aged about 43 years. COL. THOMAS FIVEASH RIDDICK, son of Thomas Riddick and Fanny Fiveash, was born at Suffolk, Nansemond County, Virginia, June 5, 1781, and came to St. Louis about the time of the transfer of the country to the United States in 1804, and during the first fifteen years of his residence here, filled at various periods a number of public offices of trust, such as Assessor, Clerk of the Common Pleas Court, Deputy Re- corder of Land Titles, Secretary of the Board of Land Commissioners, Justice of the Peace, etc., etc., second President of the old Bank of Missouri Territory, succeeding Col. Augustus Chouteau. HH ~ ANTOINE MICHAU. 189 For twenty years Col. Riddick was an active, in- fluential business man of St. Louis, and was the principal originator of our Public School System. In 1826 an Alderman of the City. In 1827 Col. Riddick removed to the Sulphur Springs, below the Maramec in Jefferson County, of which he was part owner, and where he continued to reside until his death on January 15th, 1830, at the age of 48 years, 7 months and 10 days. Col. Riddick was married in 1813, at Lexing- ton, Ky., to Miss Eliza, daughter of Charles Carr, Sen'r, and sister of Wm. C. Carr, of St. Louis. He left at his death his widow, who sur- vived him a number of years, two sons, Walter and Dabney, and two daughters, Virginia and Frances, who in Dec'r, 1834, were married at one ceremony by the Rev'd Mr. Chaderton, to Edward Brooks and Chas. P. Billon, both now dead, but the two widows still survive. ANTOINE MICHAU (SOBRIQUET ST. AMANT), son of John Michau, Sr., and Genevieve Rosalie Chevallier was born at Galliopolis, Ohio, Jan'y 17, 1792, and came to St. Louis with his father and family in the year 1800, then eight years old. He had been named Antoine " Aristide " in the family records which by some means had become changed to "St. Am ant." In 1809 he was employed in Mr. Maclot's shot and lead works at Herculaneum, Jefferson County, where he continued to work for a number of years. 190 BIOGRAPHICAL. About the year 1813-14, when 21 years of age, he was married to Marguerite Meimier. They were the parents of several sons and daughters. Their sons were Saugrain, Hamilton, Alfred and others. His eldest son, Saugrain Michan, born in 1814, was married to Miss Therese Letourno, at Caron- delet, July 7, 1835. At the death of his first wife, Sangrain Michau married Julia Eliza Lurtz, a widow lady, Sept. 11, 1854. He died in 1856, aged about 42 years, and she about the same time. St. Amant Michan, died in 1845, at the age of 53 years. JOSEPH VICTOR GAKNIER, ESQR., was born at St. Pierre, Isle of Oleron, Saintonge, in France, February 14, 1767, and went a young- man to the Island of San Domingo. At the negro insurrection of 1793, he left the Island and came to New York, where he resided for about ten years. On the transfer of Louisiana to the United States in 1804 he came out to St. Louis, and became a resident of the place. On the establishment of the Superior Court of the Territory in 1806, he was appointed the first clerk of the same, and held it for several years. He was appointed in 1809, the first clerk of the Town of St. Louis at its in- DOCT. JOHN H. ROBINSON. 191 corporation in that year, and for many years was a Justice of the Peace and ISTotary Public. Mr. Gamier was married on April 30, 1812, to Marie, third daughter of Chas. Sanguinet, Sr., and died Sept. 11, 1851, in his 85th year. Mrs. Gamier survived her husband nearly thirty-five years, and died on Feb'y 3, 1885, at the extreme old age of ninety-five years. Their only child, Harriet, is the wife of the Hon. John Hogan. DOCT. JOHN HAMILTON ROBINSON, son of David Robinson and Miriam Hamilton, was born in Augusta County, Virginia, January 24, 1782. A nephew of Alex'r Hamilton, his mother being a sister of Hamilton. He was bred a physician, and came to St. Louis very shortly after the transfer of the country to the United States, designing to make it his permanent place of abode, and entered upon the practice of his profession, in which he continued for some years at intervals. Doct. Robinson was married on Dec'r 24, 1805, by Auguste Chouteau, Sr., then a justice of the peace in St. Louis, to Miss Sophie Marie Michau, a young lady born in Paris, whose parents brought her to the United States when a child of four years of age. In 1806-7 Doct. Robinson was with Major Zeb- nlon M. Pike, U. S. Army, as a volunteer asso- 192 BIOGRAPHICAL. ciate in his expedition to Pike's Peak, and his explorations of the interior of Louisiana and New Spain, from which he returned in the fall of 1807. After this we find the Doctor, who was an ener- getic, enterprising man, almost constantly on the move, frequently changing his locality, which we arrive at from the birth of his other children. They were : Edward V. Ham'n Robinson, Oct. 6, 1806, at St. Louis; lost at sea in 1831. Jas. Houze Robinson, Aug. 17, 1808, St. Louis ; died at Natchez, 1818. Ant'e Saugrain Robinson, April 18, 1810, at Fort Osage. Henrietta Sophia Robinson, Nov. 21, 1811, at Ste. Genevieve; died at Natchez, 1818. Virginia R. Robinson, in 1818, at Natchez ; died there an infant, in 1818. Doct. Robinson made these frequent changes of residence in the public service in obedience to orders. He died at Natchez, Sept. 19, 1819, aged but 37 years, falling a victim, with his three children, of that malignant disease, yellow fever, which carried off two-thirds of his family. His widow, Mrs. R., survived him 30 years. She died in St. Louis in 1818 at the age of (32 years. ED. V. HAMILTON ROBINSON, entered West Point in 1820, at 14 }^ears of age. Commissioned a Midshipman U. S. Navy, March 4, 1823, at 17 years of age. WILSON P. HUNT. 193 A Passed Midshipman, March 23, 1829, at 23. A Lieutenant, March 3, 1831, at 25. Lost at sea, August, 1831, at 25.* Ant'e Saugrain Robinson, the only survivor of the Doctor's family, long so well known here as the Cashier of the old Bank of Missouri, is still with is in his seventy-ninth year. WILSON P. HTJNT, one of the numerous family of the Hunts of Tren- ton, ISTew Jersey, came to St. Louis in 1804, and was in business with a John Hankinson in selling merchandise for about five years. In June, 1809, the firm was dissolved, and Mr. Hunt closed up their business. In the year 1810 Mr. Hunt became connected with John Jacob Astor's !N"ew York Fur Company, and early in 1811 he left St. Louis with seventy men to ascend the Missouri, cross the mountains, and descend to the Pacific Ocean, there to meet a ship dispatched around by Astor. This was accom- plished, Mr. Hunt's party being the first to follow in the footsteps of Lewis and Clark, in pursuit of the Indian trade of that region. He was absent on this expedition several years, and returned to St. Louis in the year 1813. In 1817 Mr. Hunt purchased from heirs of Lab- badie a tract of several thousand acres of land lying * Th<- U. S. Sloop of war, Sylph, was lost in the Gulf of Mexico with all on board. 13 194 BIOGRAPHICAL. on the waters of the Gravois Creek, about eight miles southwest of St. Louis. On this land he built a mill, made a farm, and- other improvements, and the place was long well known in this locality as "Hunt's Mill." In 1829 he visited Asbury, ]^ew Jersey, the place of his birth, and there induced a nephew, John H. Wilson, to come out to St. Louis and take charge of his, Hunt's farm, which he, Wilson, did the following year, and lived on his place until his death. In Sept., 1822, Mr. W. Hunt was appointed by Pres't Monroe, Postmaster of St. Louis, to succeed Col. Elias Rector. He held the position some eighteen years and was in turn succeeded by Thomas Watson, in 1840. April 20, 1836, he was married to Anne L. Hunt, widow of his cousin Theodore Hunt, and died with- out children in April, 1842, at the age of about 60 years. His widow, Ann Lucas Hunt, died April 12> 1879, aged 82 years, 6 months, 20 days. JEREMIAH OOXNOR, a native of Ireland, came to St. Louis in 1805, from Georgetown, District of Columbia, where he had followed the vocation of an auctioneer. He was the third sheriff of St. Louis, appointed by Gov'r Wilkinson in Sept. 1806, and served as such until Nbv'r, 1810, something over four years,, acting also as Collector and Treasurer. OF THE UNIVERSITY OF ILLINOIS MAJOR WILLIAM CHRISTY. 195 St. Louis is indebted to this gentleman for her Washington Avenue. In the year 1818 he was the owner of two of the forty arpent lots, lying" be- tween the additions of Judge Lucas on the South and Major Wm. Christy on the north, the strip being a mile and a half in length from Third Street to Jefferson Avenue, and but 380 feet wide between the above additions. Through the center of this strip he laid out his Washington Avenue, 80 feet wide, running its whole length, which he gener- ously relinquished to the city without consideration, leaving him but 150 feet in depth on each side. Mr. Connor was never married. He died on Sept. 23, 1823, aged about fifty years, an intelligent liberal gentleman. MAJOR WILLIAM CHRISTY, was born in Carlisle, Penn'a, Jan'y 10, 1764. When very young his parents removed to the Falls of the Ohio, and settled in Jefferson County, Ken- tucky, among the first to come there. In 1788 was appointed Lieutenant of a troop of Jefferson County Cavalry, and in St. Clair's campaign of 1791, was an adjutant of a Kentucky regiment of militia, and served in 17i)4 under Gen'l A. Wayne. In 1792 Major Christy was married to Martha Thompson Taylor, of Jefferson County, Kentucky, and continued on his farm until 1804, when he removed to St. Louis among the first Americans, 196 BIOGRAPHICAL. bringing with him ample means and a number of slaves. In 1806 he opened a public house in the old Gov- ernment mansion at the south-east corner of Main and Walnut Streets, which he kept for a number of } T ears, patronized by the best classes of society. In 1806 appointed a Justice of the Court of Quarter Sessions. In 1807 appointed clerk of the same. In 1809 elected a Trustee of the newly incorpo- rated Town. And Major of the Louisiana Rangers. March 1813, Presiding Justice of the Court of Common Pleas. 1814, Auditor of accounts for the Territory, and in 1820 Auditor same for the State. 1820, Appointed by Pres't Monroe Register of the United States Land Office, which he resigned in 1833. Major Christy died at his residence, North St. Louis, April, 1837, aged 73 years ; his widow sur- vived him until 1849, their children were : Sarah, the first wife of Doct. Bernard G. Far- rar ; she died in 1817. Mary Ann, married Maj. Thomas Wright, U. S. Army. Matilda, wife first of Doct. D. V. Walker, and second of Col. N. P. Taylor. Frances, wife first of Maj. Taylor Berry, and second of Judge Robert Wash. Eliza, wife of Gen'l Wm. H. Ashley, member of Congress. JOHN MULLANPHY. 197 Harriet, wife of Capt. .James Deane, U. S. Army. Virginia, married to Doct. Edwin B. Smith in 1838, yet living, and Two sons, Edmund, who died unmarried, and Howard, who married Miss Susan Preston, of Kentucky. % WILLIAM RUSSELL, SURVEYOR, was born in Frederick County, Virginia, June 3, 1778. "Immigrated" to St. Louis in 1804, and early commenced speculating in Town lots and lands. Soon perceiving the future advance and prosperity of St. Louis, he had before the end of our Terri- torial days made large acquisitions of vacant lands in and about the Town, principally in the southern portion of it, so that, already considered a large fortune, even in those early days, its value was immensely increased in subsequent years by the judicious management of his son-in-law, Thomas Allen, who had married his only daughter. Wm. Russell ^ied in St. Louis, July 14, 1857, in his 80th year. JOHN MULLANPHY, of County Fermanagh, and wife Elizabeth Brown, Youghal, County Waterford, Ireland, landed in Philadelphia in 1794, and soon removed to Bal- timore. 198 BIOGRAPHICAL. Iii 1798 they came west and located in Frank- fort, Ky. He engaged in mercantile business in 1803, built a schooner and sent her with produce to the West Indies. in 1801 came to St. Louis, which thereafter was his home, although himself and family frequently absent; his children were: Ellen, died in France, in March, 1827. Catherine. Mrs. Major Richard Graham. Jane, Mrs. Chas. Chambers, married in New York, 1817. Anne, Mrs. Major Thos. Biddle. Mary, Mrs. Wm. S. Harney, married Oct. 1, 1833. Eliza, Mrs. James Clemens, married Jan. 10, 1833. Octavia, first Mrs. Dennis Delany, and second Mrs. Judge Boyce. And one son Judge Bryan Mullanphy. John Mullanphy died at his house, North Main Street, St. Louis, Aug't 29, 1833. JUDGE SILAS BENT, SK., was born in Massachusetts, April 4, 1708, educated at Rutland, Worcester County, a son of Silas Bent, of Sudbury, Mass., who commanded the famous " Tea Party " in Boston Harbor December 16, 1773. JUDGE SILAS BENT, SR. 199 In 1788 he came to Ohio and was one of the first settlers of Marietta*. He read law with Phillip Doddridge, of Wheeling, Vir'a, afterwards he kept store at Charlestown, Vir'a, and married Miss Mar- tha Kerr, of Winchester. In January, 1802, he was Postmaster at Brooke Court House, Yir'a, and in 1803 deputy in the office of the Surveyor General Rnfus Putnam. Feb'y 17, 1804, appointed associate Judge of the Common Pleas of Washington Co., Ohio. In July, 1805, Deputy Surveyor under James Mans- field, Surveyor General. Jnly, 1806, appointed by Albert Gallatin, Sec. of Treasury of the United States, to be principal Deputy Sur- veyor for Louisiana Territory, and came to St. Louis, Sept. 17, 1800. August 20, 1807, was appointed by Frederick Bates, the first Judge of the Common Pleas and Quarter Sessions, for the District of St. Louis. Nov'r, 180.S, by Governor Lewis, auditor of public accounts. Nov. 9, 1809, presiding Judge of St. Louis Common Pleas, with Bernard Pratte and Louis Labeaume associates, and on that day issued the first Charter, for the Town of St. Louis. Jan'y5, 1811, appointed by Fred'k Bates, Auditor of the Public accounts, and on September, 1811, Judge of the Common Pleas by Governor Benja- min Howard. Feb. 21, 1813, was appointed by President Madi- son, Judge of the Superior Court of the Territory of Missouri. Jan'y 21, 1817, was recommissioned 200 BIOGRAPHICAL. by the President, and .held the office until abolished by the admission of Missouri as a State in 1821. After the admission of the State, Judge Bent received the appointment of Clerk of the St. Louis County Court, which he held until his death, Nov. 20, 1827, in his 60th year. * His widow, Mrs. Martha Bent, died Aug't 20, 1833. They raised seven sons and four daughters to maturity. Charles, born in 1799, died single, Governor of Taos, New Mexico ; murdered. Julia Ann, born in 1801, married July 24, 1817, to Lilburn W. Boggs; she died Sept. 21, 1820, aged about 19 years. John, born in 1803, married Sept. 15, 1829, to Miss Olivia, daughter of Col. Jos. McClelland, of Boone ; he died in 1845, aged 42 years. Lucy, born in 1805, married Sept. 29, 1826, to James Russell, of Oakhill ; she died March 2, 1871, aged 66 years. Dorcas, born in 1807, March 12, married Dec. 10, 182!), to Judge Wm. C. Carr; she died Feb'y 25, 1888, aged nearly 81 years. William, born in 1809. George, born in 1811, died unmarried in 1847, aged 35 years, 6 months. Mary, born in 1814, married in 1836, to Jonathan Beane. Robert S., born in 1816, died unmarried Oct. 20, 1841, aged 25 years. JUDGE WM. C. CARR. 201 Edward, born in 1819, died in 1824, aged 5 years. Silas, Jr., born in Oct., 1820, married, and died in 1887, aged 67 years. JUDGE WM. C. CARR, was a son of Walter Carr, and one of a numer- ous family of brothers and sisters. He was born in Albemarle County, "Virginia, on April 15, 1783, he received an academic education and studied the legal profession. He arrived in St. Louis March 31, 1804, in a keel boat from Louisville, making the passage, as he often used to say, in the "short time of 25 days" one, of the earliest Americans after the transfer. After remaining a month here, he went to Ste. Grenevieve, then a larger place than St. Louis, to settle there. He opened an office, was admitted to the Bar, and commenced the practice of law. A year later discovering his mistake in location, he re- turned to St. Louis, to settle himself permanently. In the early history of St. Louis, Judge Carr played a prominent and influential part in the po- litical and social affairs of the place, and was very successful in the management of his pecuniary affairs having acquired a handsome competency. In 1826 he was appointed by Gov'r John Miller, to the office of Circuit Judge of the St. Louis Circuit, succeeding Alexander Stuart in the office. 202 BIOGRAPHICAL. which position he held for nearly eight years, resigning it in 1834, and was succeeded in March of that year by Judge Luke E. Lawless. Judge Carr was twice married, first in Ste. Gen- evieve Nov'r 17, 1807, to Miss Anna Maria Elliott, daughter of Doct. Aaron Elliott from Connecti- cut. This lady died August 11, 3826, aged 38 years, leaving three daughters, Anna Maria, Virginia, and Cornelia, who subsequently became the wives of George W. Kerr, Charles Cabanne and Thos. P. Dyer, and one only son, Charles Elliott Carr, who died Sept. J2, 1826, one month after his mother, in his twelfth year. Judge Carr married his second wife, Miss Dor- cas, the third daughter of Silas Bent, Sr., Dec'r 10, 1829, by whom he had five sons, Walter, Dabney, Charles B., Thomas and Robert, and one daughter. In 1.315, Judge C;irr built the fifth brick house in St. Louis, and the first one for a dwelling exclusively, at the South east corner of Main and Spruce streets, which still stands, one of the early land marks. Judge Wm. C. Carr died March 31, 1851, aged 6^ years, his widow and children then, all sur- viving him, except the youth who died above. COL. RUFUS EASTOX, was born in Litchfield, Connecticut, on May 4, 1774, of an English family of good descent. In February, 17i)l, at 17 years, he studied law in COL. RUFUS EASTON. 203 the office of Ephraim Kirby, at Litchfield, for two years, and on reaching the age of 21 years, obtained a license to practice in Connecticut. About the commencement of the present century, we find him at Rome, Oneida County, New York, He soon be- came well known as a promising young lawyer, and was in correspondence with such prominent men as Col. Aaron Burr, Yice-President U. S. ; Gideon Granger, Postmaster-General; De Witt Clinton, and others at the seat of Government, from letters of these parties addressed to him, found in Col. Easton's papers after his death. He spent the winter of 1803-4 in Washington, and while there proposed to change his residence from New York to New Orleans, and procured letters of introduction to influential parties of that city, with which he left Washington in the early part of March of that year. It seems, how- ever, that Col. Easton changed his mind in that matter, for on reaching Vincennes, Indiana, on his way West and , South, he concluded to remain at that place, for a time at least, and obtained a license to practice in the courts of that Territory. He remained here but a few months, and about the time that Gen'l Harrison with the Indiana judges went to St. Louis, to frame laws for Mis- souri, Col. Easton accompanied them and took up his residence in St. Louis. He again visited Washington in the winter of 1804-5. March 13, 1805, he received from President Jef- 204 BIOGRAPHICAL. ferson a commission as Judge of the Territory of Louisiana, and in March, 1806, was appointed by the President United States Attorney for the Territory of Louisiana. Early in 1805, when a post-office was established in St. Louis, Col. E. was appointed the first Postmaster, and held the position for nine years, resigning- the office in 1814, being succeeded by Doct. Robert Simpson. In 1814 he was elected Delegate to Congress, suc- ceeding Edward Hempstead, and in 181(5 re-elected to the same, serving four years in that office. In 1821, when Missouri became a State of this Union, Col. Easton was appointed by President James Monroe, United States Attorney-General for the State of Missouri, which office he filled for five years, after which he retired to private life. Col. Easton removed to St. Charles in 1822, and died there on July 5, 1834, at the age of 60 years. His wife, whose maiden name was Smith, he had married in the State of New York, where his two or three first children were born. She died in St. Charles in 1848. They had a numerous family of seven daughters and four sons. Mary, born in Rome, New York, married Major Geo. C. Sibley, Sept., 1815; no children. Joanna, born in Rome, New York, married first Doct. Pryor Quarles, 2 daughters; secondly, Henry S. Geyer, 2 sons. Louisa, married Archibald Gamble, 7 children. HON. EDWARD HEMPSTEAD. 205 Russella, married Thos. L. Anderson, of Pal- myra, 3 sons. Alby, married James Watson, St. Louis, 2 daughters. Sarah E., married Samuel South, of Palmyra, 4 children . Medora, born in St. Charles, married to Abner Bartlett, New York, 4 children. Alton R., born in St. Louis, twice married, 6 children. Joseph G., born in St. Louis, married to Miss Smith, Connecticut. Langdon C., born in St. Louis, of the U. S. Army, several. Henry C., born in St. Charles, married twice, several. COL. ALTON R. EASTON, born June 23, 1807, in St. Louis, married first Miss Eliza Ott at St. Charles; she left 2 sons and 1 daughter. Second, Miss Emeline Noye, at St. Charles, has 3 sons. Col. Easton is now 81 years of age, and not a gray hair in his head. HON. EDWARD HEMPSTEAD was born in 'New London, Connecticut, June 3, 1780, and studied law, and in 1801, admitted to 2()(j BIOGRAPHICAL. the Bar. After practicing three years in Rhode Island, he came west in 1804, stopping for a brief period in Vincennes, and then settled in the town of St. Charles. In 1805 he removed to St. Louis, where, in his brief residence of twelve years, he filled many public positions with credit to himself, and satisfaction to the community. In 18)6, he received the appointment of deputy attorney-general for the Districts of St. Louis and St. Charles. In 1809, appointed Attorney-General for the Ter- ritory of Upper Louisiana. 1812, June 4, Act of Congress changed the name from Louisiana to Missouri Territory, and Mr. Hempstead was elected its first delegate to Con- gress from west of the Mississippi. In 1814. He was Speaker of the Territorial Assembly of Missouri. Mr. Hempstead was married on Jan'y 13, 1808, to Miss Clarissa, daughter of Louis C. Dubreuil of St. Louis. On August 5, 1817, in returning from St. Charles, where he had been attending the election, Mr. Hempstead was thrown from his horse, and died from congestion resulting from his fall, on Aug. 9, 1817, after a brief illness of a few days, at the age 37 years, leaving no children, they having died young.* * He was interred on Monday the llth, at his father, Stephen Hempstead, Sr's., farm (the property of Ed. Hempstead), now forming the north-e;ist portion of Bellefontaine Cemetery, his funeral was the largest that had ever occurred in the country). JUDGE JONES. 207 JUDGE JOHN RICE JONES, was born in Merionethshire, Wales, on February 10, 1759. He came to the United States about the close of the war of the Revolution with his first wife and a son or two. He resided for a time near Philadelphia, and came out to the new North- west Territory as soon as it was organized, and lived for some years in "Vmcennes, the seat of government. Here he lost his first and married a second wife, a Miss Baeryer, from Pennsylvania, in the year 1791. A few years thereafter he removed to Kaskaskia, about 1795, subsequently returned a second time to Vincennes for some years, and then again to Kas- kaskia for a short period. In 1808 he removed across the Mississippi to Ste. Genevieve, where he established his home. While living on the east side of the River, he practiced law in the courts at Kaskaskia and "Vincennes, and after establishing himself on this side, contin- ued in the practice of his profession in Ste. Gene- vieve and Washington counties. In 1820 he was a member of the Missouri Con- stitutional Convention from Ste. Genevieve County, and after the formation of the State was appointed a Judge of the Supreme Court, associated on the Bench with Matthias McGirk and John D. Cook. Judge Jones died in St. Louis, Jan'y 31, 1824,, 208 BIOGRAPHICAL. at the residence of his daughter Harriet, relict of Tho8. Brady, lacking but ten days of being 65 years, the then constitutional term of a Judge ; his children were : Rice Jones, born in Wales, assassinated at Kas- kaskia, Dec'r 7, 1808. A daughter, born in Yincennes, in 1792. A son, John, born in Yincennes in 1794. A son, Augustus, born in Kaskaskia, in 1796. A daughter, Mrs. Harriet Brady, born in Kas- kaskia in 1798. A son, G-eo. W., born in Yincennes, April 12, 1804, living at Dubuque, Iowa. And several more by his two wives. COL, ALEXANDER was born in Pennsylvania of Irish parents about the year 1776. In 1 799 was appointed a Lieut, of Infantry in the U. S. Army; his Regiment was disbanded in 1800, at Pittsburgh. In 1804 he come to St. Louis, and engaged in business early in 1806, at the Southeast corner of Main and Pine, in which he continued for some few years. In 1811 he sold this propefty arid purchased the old French house at the Northwest corner of Main and Spruce, where he lived until 1820. From his pleasant manners he soon made many friends, and was very popular with the whole community. In 1810 he was the fourth sheriff of St. Louis County. COL. SAMUEL HAMMOND. 209 During the war of 1812-15, he raised a Company of mounted Rangers of which he was elected the Captain. In 1816, when Congress established a Land Office for the St. Louis District, he was appointed by President Madison the first Register of the same, and held the Office four years, until he was elected in 1820 the first Governor of the State, by a very large majority over his competitor, General Wm. Clark, also a very popular citizen of St. Louis. In March, 1805, he was married to Miss Margaret Reilhe, daughter of Aiitoine Reilhe, an old French citizen of St. Louis. They raised to maturity four sons and three daughters. Governor MoNair died in St. Louis March 18, 1826, aged about fifty years. COL. SAMUEL HAMMOND, SR., was born in Richmond County, Virginia, Sept. 21, 1757. Was at the battle of Point Pleasant in 1774, was under Gen'l Hand in 1777-1778, at the battle of King's Mountain in 1780, and served throughout the war of the Revolution in the Carolinas and other Southern States. He came to Louisiana at the time of the trans- fer to the U. S., remained at St. Louis and vicin- ity for some twenty years, about 1825 returned to the South, and died in Hamburg, South Caro- 14 210 BIOGRAPHICAL. lina, Sept. 11, 1842, at the age of 85 years. He filled many public positions of trust. In Georgia he was a member of the State Legislature, and Congressman. In Missouri, a member of the State Convention, and Legisla- ture and first Receiver of Public Moneys at St. Louis ; in South Carolina Surveyor General of the State, and Secretary of State. HOX. JOHN SCOTT, OF STE. GENEVIEVE, was born in Hanover County, Virginia, about the year 1782, and graduated at Princeton Col- lege, ~New Jersey, in 1802. He came west shortly after graduating and located in Indiana, and in 1804 came to Missouri and entered upon the practice of the law in Ste. Genevieve, where he remained until his death. In 1817 he was elected the delegate in Con- gress from Missouri Territory, and in 1820 the first Representative in Congress from the new State, Missouri being entitled to but one member, and again re-elected in 1822 and 1824. In 1825, when the choice of President of the United States devolved on the House of Represen- tatives, he cast the vote of Missouri for John Quincy Adams, for which mistake he was defeated in 1826 and relegated to private life, Andrew Jackson being the undoubted choice of a plural- ity of the voters of Missouri for that office. ANTOINE CHENIE. 211 Mr. Scott continued his practice as a Lawyer for many years. He was twice married. His second wife was Mrs. Harriet, widow of Thos. Brady, of St. Louis, and daughter. of Judge John Rice Jones ; she had then three little girls.* John Scott died in Ste. Genevieve in 1861, in his eightieth year. ANTOINE CHENIE, was born at Pointe Claire, Canada, April 14, 1768. After leaving school at Montreal, he entered into the Service of the Canadian Fur Company, and was engaged for several years in the Indian Trade at the Falls of Niagara. He came to St. Louis in 1795, and soon after entered the service of a leading Missouri River Fur trader as a clerk, in which he continued for some years. Oct. 26, 1805. He married Marie Therese Papin, second daughter of Joseph M. Papin, quit the fur trade and established a bakery. He purchased from Peter Chouteau, Sr., on Oct. 15, 1808, the south half of Block ]S"o. 33, on the north side of Market street, extending 300 feet from Main to Church street, with a stone dwelling 48 by 30 feet, called large in that day, at the south- east corner of the half block. He lived here for many years, his bake house being on Market street * Who grew up to become married ladies. 212 BIOGRAPHICAL. in rear of his dwelling, and in later years built for himself a brick dwelling* on south 3rd, below Plum street, where he died on May 26, 1842, aged 74 years, leaving six children all grown and married. Louise-, who was married to Bernard Pratte, Jr., in July, 1824. Leon, married to Miss Julia Demun. Amanda, married to Doct. Auguste Masure. Atalie, married to Joseph S. Pease. Julius, married to Miss Josephine Lane of St. Genevieve. Julia, to Mr. Henry Gourdes of France, where she still lives. AUGUSTIN GUIBOKD, was born in the Parish of Mascouche de la Chenel, Montreal, in Canada, May 12, 1785, and came to St. Louis in the fall of 1804, at the age of 19 years, with a party of Hudson's Bay Fur traders, without the consent of his parents, he being a minor. He was married in St. Louis by Judge M. P. Leduc on July 6, 1811, to Marie Catherine Lacroix, daughter of Joseph Lacroix and Helene Bissonnet, who was born in St. Louis on Feb'y 8, 1795. He was a veteran of the war of 1812-15, serving in the American forces, and continued to reside in St. Louis until his death. Augustin Gnibord died Sept. 12, 1860, aged 75 years and 4 months, and his widow November 26, 1872, at the age of 77 years and 9 months. JNO. B. C. LUCAS. 213 Their children, who attained maturity, were : Augustus, born May 12, 1815, who died Sept. 8, 1850, at 35, in Colorado. Julia, born April 8, 1817, married first C. Richard, and secondly Bender. Henri, born August 3, 1824. Edward F., born March 8, 1826. Angeline, born April 8, 1828, married "Wm. A. Luckie. Edmund M., born April 16, 1830. CAPT. HENRI GUIBOR, a veteran of two wars, when a young man of 22 years, served in the Mexican ^ar, in Capt. McKellop's Company, of Col. Easton's Regiment from St. Louis in 1846-7, and again in the late war as Captain of Artillery in the Confederate Service. He was married Aug't 23, 1852, to Miss Louisa A., daughter of Saugrain Michau, who was born April 26, 1836, at St. Louis, and died Oct. 22, 1869, aged 33, leaving two sons, Henry A., and John Louis Guibor. JUDGE JNO. B. C. LUCAS, was born in Normandy, France, in the year 1758. He graduated in the profession of Law at Caen, ISTormandy, in 1782, and practiced in his native place about two years, during which period he was 214 BIOGRAPHICAL. married to Miss Anne Sebin, who born in 1764, was six years younger than him. In 1781, they came to the United States, and settled on a farm on the Monongahela River, a short distance above Pittsburgh. In his early years in Pennsylvania he made some trading voyages down the Ohio and Mississippi to New Madrid, then a new place just started in 1787 by French traders. In 1791 he made another voy- age to that place bringing with him Henry, a young lad, son of Judge Brackenridge, of Pitts- burgh, an intimate friend of Lucas, to be placed with some French family where he might acquire the French language. In 1792 Judgfe Lucas was elected to the Legis- lature of Penn'a, and afterwards was for a time Judge of the Court of Common Pleas in his Dis- trict. In 1803 he was elected to Congress from the Alleghany District, succeeding Albert Gallatin. In 1805 he was appointed by President Jefferson Judge of the United States Court in Upper Louisi- ana, and, in conjunction with Clem't B. Pehrose, commissioners to settle land claims in Missouri, for which purpose he removed to St. Louis with his wife and family late that fall. His five sors were : Robert, bo .1 1788, entered the Army from West Point in 1808; died Feb. 8, 1814.* * At French Mills, on the St. Lawrence, a Major in the U. S. Army, at the age of 26 years. CHARLES LUCAS. 215 Charles, born Sept. 24, 1792; died Sept. 27, 1817, aged 25 years. Adrian y born 1794 ; died in the year 1831, aged 37 years. William, born 1798 ; died in July, 1837, aged 39 years. Anne, born Sept. 23, 1796. Jas. H., born May, 1800. Mrs. Lucas died in St. Louis Aug't 3, 1811, aged 47 years, and Judge Lucas Aug. 29, 1842, aged 84 years, surviving his wife 31 years. After the death of Mrs. Lucas in 1811, the Judge built the first house on the hill, a small stone, in his cornfield. It stood on the ground whereon now stands the Masonic Hall at the north- west corner of Market and 7th Streets, in which he lived many years, the only house on the hill until 1816-17. LUCAS, ESQ., second son of Judge Jno. B. C. Lucas, was born near Pittsburgh, Penn'a, Sept. 25, 1792. At 13 years of age he came with his father's family to St. Louis in 1805. In 1806 he was sent to Jefferson College, Phila- delphia, where he spent five years at his studies, returning home in 1811 at 19 years, and then studied law with Col. Easton. In 1812 he joined a volunteer company in St. Louis, afterwards assisting in organizing a com- pany of Volunteer Artillery, stationed near Portage des Sioux, of which he was elected Captain. 216 BIOGRAPHICAL. In 1814, at the age of 22 years, admitted to the bar of St. Louis. Elected to the Legislature of the Territory. Then appointed United States Attorney for the Territory. Killed in a duel with Col. Thomas H. Ben ton, Sept. 27, 1817, at the age of 25 years and 2 days. WILLIAM LUCAS, was the fourth son of Judge John B. C. Lucas. He was born near Pittsburgh, Penn'a, in 1798, and came here with his father's family in 1805 at 7 years of age. He read law in St. Louis with Col. Kaston, and at the proper age was admitted to the bar. He died unmarried in 1837, aged 39 years. CLEMENT BIDDLE PEISTKOSE, of Philadelphia, and wife Anna Howard were married about the year 1797, and lived at Frank- ford, north Philadelphia. In 1805, fie was ap- pointed by the Pres't Thos. Jefferson, a commis- sioner to adjudicate the claims to Lands in Upper Louisiana, and came out to St. Louis in October of that year, associated with Jno. B. C. Lucas, and served as such until the completion of their labors and the dissolution of the board. Their five children, all born in Philadelphia, were Charles Bingham Penrose, Oct. 6, 1798. James Howard Penrose, 1800. Clement Biddle, No. 2, 1802. THE PENKOSES. 217 And two daughters Mary Biddle Penrose, and Anna Howard Wilkinson Penrose. Judge Penrose when he arrived here had consid- erable means, purchased a house in town and sev- eral tracts of land throughout the country, but a long life of idleness and extravagant living grad- ually reduced his means, and in his old age ,he was glad to accept the position of Justice of the peace, which he held at the period of his death, May 15, 1829. His oldest son Charles B. lived here with us until 21 years of age, in 1819, when he returned to Phila- delphia, finished his law studies, and settled in Car- lisle, Cumberland Co., became eminent at the Bar and a prominent politician, a State Senator in 1833, and re-elected to the same. In 1841 appointed by President Wm. H. Harrison, Solicitor of the Treas- ury, which office he hem until the close of Tyler's administration. In 1847 settled in Phila., his native city, in 1856 again elected to the State Senate, and died at Harrisburg, April 6th, 1857, aged 59 years. After the death of Judge Penrose his widow, with the two daughters and third son Clement Bid- die No. 2, went south to Louisiana, and became residents of the Parish of Jefferson, where in the course of time they all died, the son 7 leaving a family. The ladies of this family were very aristocratic in their ideas, priding themselves very much on their lineage. 218 BIOGRAPHICAL. JAMES LOWKY DONALDSON, was born in the north of Ireland, of the ancient Scottish family of the Lowrys, which was his original name. He came young 1 to the United States, and was bred to the law in the City of Baltimore, where his name was changed by Act of the Legislature of Maryland, to Donaldson, to enable him to inherit an estate, that being the condition of the" bequest. In 1805, he was appointed by the President Thos. Jefferson, under the Act of Congress, March 2, 1805, " for the settlement of Land Claims " in the new Territories," Recorder of Land titles for Louisiana, to act with the two Land Commis- sioners. And in December of the same year, pre- sented his commission as Attorney General for the Territory. When the Board organized in January, 1806, in St. Louis, he took his seat with Judge Jno. B. C. Lucas and Clement Biddle Penrose, and acted with them for some time. About the year 1807, he returned to Baltimore and resumed his profession of the Law. Ho lost his life at the head of his Regiment, in the defense of his adopted Country, at the Battle of North Point, near Baltimore, at the attack by the British on that place, Aug't 13, 1814, and his name is found inscribed on the monument erected in "Monument Square" in that City, to the memory of "the patriotic band who devoted their *' lives to the welfare of their country on that " memorable occasion." WILLIAM MORRISON. 219 THE MORRISON BROTHERS were amongst the most noted of the early Ameri- cans of our Territorial days, being educated gen- tlemen, they soon became prominent in their respective communities. They were born at Doylestown, county seat of Bucks County, 25 miles north of Philadelphia, one of the three coun- ties originally organized by Wm. Penn himself in 1G82. They were of Irish origin. An uncle, Guy Bryan, was a prominent whole- sale Dry Goods Merchant of Philadelphia, whose name is found in the first Directory of that City (1785) and for many years thereafter, and who sold extensively to our early merchants of the Mississippi Valley. In this long established house of their uncle, these ^gentlemen successively acquired their early business knowledge. There were some six or seven of them. William Morrison, the oldest, who had been associated with his uncle in Philadelphia, came out to Kaskaskia about the year 1795, and lived to become a prominent man in the coun- try, having stores at St. Louis, Kaskaskia and Cahokia. Pie was twice married, first to a lady in Illinois, after whose death he married in 1818, a daughter of Gen'l Daniel Bissell, U. S. A., and died in 1837 at Kaskaski, Ills. The former distinguished member of Congress, Wm. R. Morrison, is a grandson. 220 BIOGRAPHICAL. Robert Morrison came out in 1798 and settled in Kaskaskia, and married first a daughter of James Edgar, a brother of the noted Gen'l John Edgar. After the death of this lady Mr. Morrison married in 1806, Miss Donald- son, who had come out from Baltimore with her brother previously mentioned. This lady was highly spoken of for her literary taste and culti- vation, and produced several articles, chiefly on moral or religious subjects; she died in Belleville in 1843, and Morrison in Kaskaskia. They left several sons, one of them, J. L. Don Morrison, long a resident of our Cit} r . James Morrison settled in St. Charles, married Miss Saucier of Portage des Sioux, and was the father of the late Wm. M. Morrison, of St. Louis, the first Mrs. Geo. Collier, Mrs. Wm. G. Pettus, Mrs. Francis Yosti and Mrs. Richard Lockwood, all at one time of St. Louis. Jesse Morrison came out to this place in 1805, and for a time was associated with his brother James at St. Charles, and subsequently in Galena, Illinois. Like the most of his brothers, he raised a large family. Samuel Morrison came to Kaskaskia in 1807. He spent some years in the Rocky Mountains as a clerk of Manuel Lisa's Company; he returned in 1811, married shortly afterwards, and settled in Covington, Washington County, Illinois, where he died in 1828. GEN'L DANIEL BISSELL. 221 Guy Morrison, the youngest, came to Kaskaskia in 18 1-i, became a partner of his brother William in his Cahokia store, married the widow of Isaac IS". Henry, the printer of Col. Ben ton's Enquirer, in St. Louis, in 1819-20, located a fine farm near Collinsville, Illinois, in 1826, became very wealthy, and died on his place in 18 , and his widow but a few years since ; they left no children. At the present day the descendants of these Brothers Morrisons are very numerous, scattered throughout the west from Illinois to California. GEIST'L DANIEL BIPSELL, the third in command at Belief on tain e, was born in Connecticut about the year 1768, son of a Revo- lutionary officer, was with St. Clair in 1791, a Lieutenant in 1794, a Captain Jan'y 1, 1799, a Lieut. Col. Aug't 18, 1808, and a Col. in 1812. Brigadier General 1815. He married at Middletown, Connecticut, in 1793, Deborah Seba, daughter of Jacob Seba, from Holland. When a captain in 1799, he had command of Fort Massac, on the Ohio, and on the death of Col. Hunt, succeeded him at Belief ontaine, where he built the permanent buildings. After he was relieved from Bellefontaine in 1813-14, he went below to Baton Rouge and jS^ew Orleans, and there was mustered out in 1821. 222 BIOGRAPHICAL. He died Dec. 14, 18-'53, at 65 years of age, on his farm, Franklinton (nine miles north of St. Louis, on the road to Cantonment Belief ontaine,) where he possessed a large body of land. His widow died Nov. 15, 1843. They had three married daughters and a. son. Eliza, married to Wm. Morrison, merchant of Kaskaskia and St. Louis, July 20, 1813. Mary, married to Risdon II. Price, merchant of St. Louis, Aug. 30, 1815. Cornelia, married to Maj. Thompson Douglass, Paymaster U. S. Army, Sept. 23, 1817. James, the only son, after being at school in Connecticut, went on to his father's place, of which he became the owner after the death of his mother, and lived there for some sixty years, dying but very recently. THE BISSELT BROTHERS, born in Connecticut, were seven in number, and all served in the war of the Revolution. Major Russell Bissell, born in 1755, was a Captain in 1793, in the 1st Regiment of Infantry and promoted to Major in 1797, the Regiment then garrisoning the different posts in the Northwest Territory. It crossed the Mississippi river to this side with Gen ? l Wilkinson in 1805-6. He was the first commandant at the Cantonment at Bellefontaine, where he died Dec'r 18, 1807, CAPT. MACKEY WHERRY. 223 aged 52 years ; the stone slab over his grave is still in the little graveyard of the garrison. A son, Lewis Bissell, was in after years a Cap- tain, and s littler of the 6th Regiment, U. S. In- fantry at Council Bluffs, and died at his- residence near the Reservoir, Bissell's Point. CAPT. MACKEY WHERRY was born in Chester County, Pennsylvania, July 10 r 176(3, and came out west in 1798. He lived first at St. Charles, Missouri, after the transfer to the U. S., where he established and oper- ated a tannery for some years. About 1801-5 was appointed the first sheriff of St. Charles County. During the war of 1812 he commanded a company of Cavalry raised, at St. Charles, and at the close of the war in 1815 he removed to St. Louis, and was appointed Register and Collector of the town. At the incorporation of the city, April, 1823, he was reappointed to the same position which he held for four additional years, until 1827, when he was succeeded in the office by his oldest son, Jos. A. Wherry. Capt. Mackey Wherry, was married March 19, 1800, at St. Louis, to Miss Louisa, daughter of the Rev'd Ichabod Camp, dec'd. They were the parents of several children, three of whom attained maturity and married, the others dying young. 224 BIOGRAPHICAL. Mrs. Wherry died in St. Louis, Aug't 6, 1825, aged 57 years, and Mackey Wherry Sr., in St. Louis County, Aug't 3, 1828, aged 62. Joseph A. Wherry, born Aug't 16, 1801, married Amelia H. Homer Nov. 5, 1835, at Helena, Arkan- sas, and died at St. Louis Feb. 13, 1843, Aet. 41, 6. Mackey M. Wherry, born 'Nov. 57, 1802, mar- ried Elizabeth S. Horner March 8, 1832, at Hel- ena, Arkansas, and died at Florissant June 26, 1864, Aet. 61, 7. Dan'l Boone Wherry, born Nov. 25, 1804, died May 29, 1844, aged 39, 6 mos. CHARLES BOSSERON was born in Vincemies, Indiana, and came to St. Louis about the time of the transfer, and went into the blacksmithing business at the north-west corner of Main and our present Pine street, where he conducted the business until his death, Feb. 6, 1828. Jan'y 25, 1805, he married Miss Therese, daugh- ter of Louis Brazeau Sr. ; their children were : Therese, who married James Reed Oct. 12, 1825. He died May 17, 1828, and she married again. Susan, who married Russell Farnham, Oct. 27, 1829, and died Oct. 23, 1832. Leontine, who married James Corse, Feb. 18, 1841. COL. THOMAS HUNT. 225 Charles, who died a young man unmarried. Francis, who died a young man unmarried. Theodore, married Caroline W. Peacock, July 20, 1846. Mrs. Theresa Bosseron Reed, married her second husband, Sam'l Cole June 19, 1834. Mrs. Charles Bosseron Sr., survived nearly all her children and died in Jan'y, 1874, aged near 90 years. COL. THOMAS HUNT OF THE REVOLUTION, born in Massachusetts, a Lieut, in 1777, a Capt. in 1779, Major 1793, Lieut.-Col. 1802, and Colonel April 11, 1803, was the second command- ing officer at Belief on taine, succeeding Major R. Bissell, for the brief period of but seven months. He died there July 17, 1808, and was laid along side his friend and associate in arms. Again six short months still later, Col. Hunt was in turn followed by his wife, she died at the cantonment Jan'y 15, 1809, and was laid by her husband. Thus within the brief space of thirteen months were these three prominent personages laid to rest, in that far distant land on the very confines of civ- ilization. Col. Hunt left a son, a young Lieut., in the Army, and two young daughters, who when grown became, the one the wife of Col. Josiah Snelling U. S. Army, and the other the wife of James G. Soulard of this City. 15 226 BIOGRAPHICAL. MAJOR THOMAS FORSYTHE was born in Detroit, December 5, 1771 (his father had come from Aberdeen, Scotland), and received a plain education. In 1793, with his step-brother, John Kenzie, who was afterwards the founder of Chicago, he went trading with the Illinois Indians. In one of his trips to the east, he married at Ha- gerstovvn, Maryland, a lady named De Maillot, and in 1809 he located at Peoria, Illinois, at which place he was appointed Indian Sub-Agent previous to the war of 1812, and removed to St. Louis in 1815 or '16. Mrs. Sarah Forsythe died Nov'r 21, 1829, at their residence North Main St., and Major Forsythe Oct. 29, 1833, on his farm (now in Forest Park), aged 62 years^ Their children were : John, who died a young man of 21 years, a stu- dent with Doct. Farrar. Robert, bora in 1808, died Nov'r 1, 1872, aged 64 years, in Forest Park. Mary, married Aiitoine R. Bouis, Oct. 14, 1835, and died within a year. Robert Forsythe, whose wife was Miss Anne Cul- ver, left three children, William, Mary and Louis. HON. FREDERICK BATES was born in Belmont, Goochland Co., Virginia, June 23, 1777, of Quaker parents, but his father GOV. FREDERICK BATES. 227 having fought for the Revolution was disowned by the Church. Frederick was one of seven brothers, Edward Bates being a younger one. In 1797, at the age of 20, he went to Detroit, where he was first engaged in mercantile pursuits, and was for a time Postmaster of the place, and U. S. receiver of public moneys, until its complete destruction by fire in June, 1805. In 1806 he removed to St. Louis, and was the first Recorder of the Board of Land Commissioners when the Office was created. He was second Secretary of the Territory, appointed May 7, 1807, by Pres't Jefferson, to succeed Joseph Browne, temporary Secretary, un- der Gov'r Wilkinson, and held the place for 13 years under successive Governors until the forma- tion of the State Government in 1820, acting as Governor in their frequent absences from the Ter- ritory, and also as Recorder of Land Titles. He compiled the early Territorial laws printed in 1808, the first book printed in St. Louis or west of the Mississippi. In 1824 he was elected the second Governor of the State, filling the office but one short year. He died Aug't 2, 1825, on his farm in Bonhomme Township, at the age of 48 years, leaving a widow and four young children. He was married March 4, 1811), to Miss ^N"ancy, daughter of Col. John S. Ball, of St. Louis County. 228 BIOGRAPHICAL. SIMON & JACOB PHILIPSON, in the year 1803, were partners as merchants in Philadelphia. In 1808, Jacob Philipson came to St. Louis and opened a store on Main Street, which he carried on until 1811, when he quit business in that line, but continued his residence in Missouri, generally at St. Louis, until his death in January, 1858, a period of 50 years. He lived a portion of his time at Potosi, and married in the southern portion of the State, his children, of whom he left seven, being all born in Missouri. He lived for the last ten years of his life on South 3rd Street, and gave lessons in En- glish, French and German until near the close of his life. SIMON PHILIPSON continued to reside in Philadelphia, where his six children were all born, until the winter of 1821-22, when possessing some fine property in our near vicinity he concluded to follow his two brothers and make St. Louis his future home. His eldest son, Joseph, an accomplished young man of eigh- teen years, died about six months after they became settled in the place, followed in a couple of years by the death of his wife, an amiable well educated lady, and again some years later by another son, a lad of fourteen. It may perhaps be owing to these repeated domestic afflictions, but Mr. Philip- son never resumed business again. JOSEPH CHARLESS, SR. 229 His oldest daughter. Miss Esther, was married on March 31, 1829, at the age of 20, to Lieut, Robert Emmett Clary, of the U. S. Army. Mr. Philipson, having survived the most of his children, died in August, 1841, naming his brother Joseph his executor and trustee for his two daugh- ters, Esther and Amanda. This third brother, Joseph Philipson, Sr., came to St. Louis in the year 1810, and purchased Habb's brewery, the first one west of the Missis- sippi River, upon which he expended a large amount in improving the' works and in purchasing other lands near by. In 1820-21, when financial affairs were almost prostrate(d throughout the country, Mr. J. Philipson became very much embarrassed, and was compelled to part with all his St. Louis property to meet his liabilities. Being an accomplished musician, he was compelled to adopt it as a profession, and for the balance of his days it was his only resource. He died in June, 1844, never having married. These brothers were well educated refined gen- tlemen, I think from Hamburg. JOSEPH CHARLESS, SR., was born in Westm^ath, Ireland, July 16, 1772. Being implicated in the Irish Rebellion of 1795, he fled to France and sailed for the United States, arriving in ^ew York in 1796. He added an B to his name of Charles, in order to write it as it was 230 BIOGRAPHICAL. pronounced " Charless." He settled in Philadel- phia, and being 1 a printer he worked for a time on William Duane's Aurora in Franklin Court. In 1798 he married Mrs. Sarah McCloud, nee Jourdan, a widow with one son, Robert McCloud. In 1800 he removed with his family to Lexington, Ky., where he established a newspaper. In 1806 removed to Louisville, Ky., and in 1808 to St. Louis, Louisiana Territory, where he established the first paper west of the Mississippi River, the "Missouri*' Gazette, the first number being issued July 12, 1808. The following year he changed its name to " Louisiana Gazette " as more appropriate, and in 1812 again to "Missouri Gazette," the name of the territory being so changed. Mr. Charless, Sr., was the proprietor of the paper some twelve years. In Sept., 1820, he disposed of it to James Cummins, from Pittsburgh, who con- ducted it for eighteen months, and re-disposed of it to Edward Charless, the oldest son of Joseph C., Sr., who changed the name to Missouri Re- publican, and issued the first number under that title, March 20, 1822. Mr. Charless, Sr., some years thereafter estab- lished a wholesale Drug and Medicine house, asso- ciated with his son, Joseph Charless, Jr. Their children were : Edward, born in Philadelphia, April 12, 1799 ; he married Miss Jane Stoddard at St. Charles in March, 1823, and died without children June 22, 1818, aged 49 years and 2 months. JOSEPH CHARLESS, JR. 231 John, born in Lexington, Ky., in 1801; he died in St. Louis, Aug't 31st, 1816, aged 15 years. Joseph, Jr,, born in Lexington in 1801, married Miss Charlotte, daughter of Peter Blow, Sr., in St. Louis, Nov'r 8, 1831. Ann, born in Lexington, in 1806, married first to Amos Wheeler, May 26, 1822; he died June 8, 1822. Secondly, to Charles Wahrendorff, Sept. 8, 1823; he died Aug. 27, 1831, aged 41 years; and third, to Beverly Allen, Oct. 16, 1832. And she herself died Nov. 1, 1832, fifteen days after her third marriage. Eliza, born in Louisville in 1808, married to John Kerr, St. Louis, Aug. 29, 1827. She died without children June 5, 3833. ( Joseph Charless, Sr., died July 28, 1834, aged 62 years. Mrs. Sarah Charless died March 4, 1852, in her 80th year ; her son, Robert McCloud, born in 1795, died May 1, 1832, aged 37 years. JOSEPH CHARLESS, JK., born at Lexington, Ky., Jan'y 17, 1804, was early put to the case, didn't like it and went to school, read law with Josiah Spalding, and finished at Transylvania, Lexington, and tried law for some years ; not to his taste, he went into the Drug business with his father in 1828. Married Miss Charlotte Blow Nov. 8, 1831 ; died June 3, 1859 (assassinated by Thornton), in his 56th year, leaving but one daughter, afterwards 232 BIOGRAPHICAL. the wife of Louis S. Le Bourgeois, of Louisiana, both now deceased, leaving several children. Mrs. Jos. Charless still survives at a very ad- vanced age. THE M' KNIGHTS AND BRADYS were an Irish crowd, numbering some four or five * of the former, and several of the latter. The whole gang came to St. Louis together, row- ing their own boat down from Pittsburgh, and reaching St. Louis early in 1809, the principals being John McKnight and Thomas Brady, who had formed a copartnership at the east. The}^ opened a store at once and being enterpris- ing intelligent men, the house of McKnight & Brady was not long in acquiring prominence, and soon became extensively known for its enterprise and public spirit. In 1810 they purchased a lot of 60 feet front, the southwest corner of Main and Pine, with an old stone house of the primitive French days. Here they transacted their business for the next six years. In 1816, they erected on this lot a double brick house, of two stores, with a hall in the center, leading to the upper part, designed for a public- house, which on completion was opened that same fall by Timothy Kibby, from St. Charles, as the " "Washington Hall," the seventh brick house in St. * These McKnights were John, Thomas, James, Robert and William. John never married and died a confirmed old bachelor. THOMAS BRADY. 233 Louis, and the first built for a Hotel, in which, on the 22d February following, 1817, the first observ- ance of Washington's birthday west of the Missis- sippi river took place by a public dinner, presided over by Gov'r Win. Clark. In J812 Mr. Brady purchased Glamorgan's stone dwelling, with the block of ground on which it stood, near the upper end of Main Street, in which he resided until 1819, when he built another about three miles north of the village. In 1820 they dissolved their copartnership, hav- ing during its continuance purchased and sold ex- tensively of real estate. Mr. Brady was married in November, 1814, at Ste. Genevieve, to Miss Harriet, a daughter of John Rice Jones, Esq'r, and died Oct. 11, 1821, leaving his widow with three little girls, the oldest about six years old. The Right Rev'd Bishop Du- bourg officiated at the funeral obsequies. After the death of Tho's Brady, the widow re- moved to the City, and her father, John Rice- Jones, then Chief Justice of the Supreme Court of the State, lived with her until his death, January 31, 1824, when she removed to Ste. Genevieve and afterwards became the second wife of John Scott. The three little girls grew to be women and mar- ried : The eldest to George Campbell, of Galena. The second to Ferdinand Rozier No. 2, of Ste. Genevieve. 234: BIOGEAPHICAL. BARTHOLOMEW BERTHOLD, son of Alexander Berthold and Maria Magdalena Beltramy, was born near the City of Trent, on the Adige, in the Italian Tyrol in the year 1780. In 1798, at eighteen, he came to the United States, remained for a time in Philadelphia, and then settled in Baltimore, where he lived for some years. In 1809, associated with Rene Paul, he came with a stock of fresh goods to St. Louis, where they established themselves in business. Mr. Berthold was married on Jan'y 10, 1811, to Miss Pelagie, the only daughter of Major Pierre Chouteau, Sen'r. In 1812, Mr. B. built a brick house for his store and dwelling on Main Street, the first brick building, not in St. Louis alone but west of the Mississippi River, into which he removed on its completion late in that yeai\ On June 6, 1812, the firm of Berthold & Paul was dissolved, and Mr. B. went into partnership with his brother-in-law, Peter Chouteau, Jr. On May 1,1813, "Berthold & Chouteau" opened their new firm with a fresh Stock of Merchandise they had purchased at the east. This was the foundation and origin of what, in a very few years thereafter, by the addition of two new partners, Messrs. Jno. P. Cabanne and Bernard Pratte, Sr., with their added capital, became the great and wealthy " American Fur Company," that for many years almost monopolized the fur trade of the upper country, and acquired large wealth. LOUIS RENE PAUL. 235 Mr. Berthold, Sr., died April 20, 1831, at the age of 51 years. Mrs. B. survived him 44 years, dying May 24, 1875, in her 85th year. Their children were : Pierre Alexander, born Nov. 17, 1811, married Virginia E. Maclot, Jan'y 31, 1837. Auguste, born Feb. 26, 1814, died unmarried in 1837. Pelagie Tullia, born Oct. 3, 1815, died 1885. Amedee, born Feb. 10, 1818, died 1886. M. T. Clara, born April 12, 1819, married to Wm. L. Ewing, in 1838. Frederick, born Oct. 18, 1821, married to Vir- ginia Sarpy, 1847. Emilie, born Jan. 29, 1824, first Mrs. Kennedy, secondly Mrs. Waggaman. The children of P. A. Berthold are : Mrs. Sanford of JSew York, and Mrs. Ladd and Miss Martha of St. Louis, three daughters, and Augustus and Bartholomew two sons. Mrs. Ewing has : Augustus, Wm. L. and Frederick, three sons. Mrs. Kerr, Mrs. Taylor, Mrs. Wilson three daughters. GABRIEL R. AND LOUIS R. PAUL, were sons of Eustache Paul and Marie Scholas- tique Mace, were born at Cape Francois, Island of St. Domingo, and with their mother and sisters were in Paris, for their education, when the insur- 236 BIOGRAPHICAL. rection of the negroes broke out in the Island in 1793. Their father Mr. Paul being, as all others, compelled to leave the Island took passage for Phil- adelphia, he died on the voyage and was buried at sea. The widow remained in France for about ten years, until the children were grown, and their education completed. They then came to the United States in 1802, and took up their residence in Baltimore, where the sons embarked in business (the eldest Miss Paul had been married in Paris in 1801 to Mr. Fleury Generelly of Lyons, who came with them to the United States, and went into business in Philadelphia. In the fall of 1814 Mr. Generelly removed to New Orleans with his family, arriving there in December just in time to participate in the battle of Jan'y 8, 1815, two of his children, a daughter born in Philadelphia in 1805, and a son born in New Orleans in 1838, are yet living there in 1888). In the year 1809, Rene Paul associated with Mr. Bartholomew Berthold, came to St. Louis and com- menced business. April 9, 1812. He married Miss Marie Therese Eulalie, the eldest daughter of Col. Augustus Chouteau. She died May 18, 1835, at the age of 3S years. Col. Paul survived her about 16 years and died in 1851, aged about 70 years. Their children were : Gabriel Rene, born March 21, 1813, married Miss Whistler in 1835. GEN'L G. K. PAUL. 237 Edmund, born Feb'y 22, 1816, married Marie E. St. Train, 1836. Maria Louisa Estelle, born March 8, '1818, died an infant. Emilie j June 14, 1819, married Peter K. Ham. Louise I June 14, 1819, married Charles Dubreuil. Sophia Tulia, born Dec. 11, 1821, married Frederick Beckwith. Julius, born Mar. 9, 1828, died aged 16 years. Harriet, born June 16, 1831, died young. Julia Augustine, born July 24, 1834, died young. And two or three that died infants, all now deceased except Mrs. Beckwith, who is the sole survivor of the children of Col. Rene Paul. GENERAL G. R. PAUL, U. S. A. Graduated at West Point in the year 1834, and was assigned to the 7th Infantry Col. Wm. Whist- ler, then stationed in the Cherokee nation. In December, 1834, he was a 2nd Lieut. ; Oct. 1836, a first Lieut.; in 1846 a Captain; 1847, Brevet Major; 1861, Major; 1862, Lieut-Col. ; 1864, Colonel ; 1866, Brigadier-General. At the battle of Gettysburg, he was supposed to have been mortally wounded and was left for dead on the field, but his life was miraculously pre- served, although blinded by the shot, and after- wards lived to a good old age. He was twice married, first at Fort Gibson, March 24, 1835, to Miss Mary Ann Whistler, the 238 BIOGRAPHICAL. daughter of his Colonel, his three daughters of this wife, were in after years married, one to Capt. Gurden Chapin, another to Capt. Chas. B. Stivers, U. S. A., and the third to Mr. Duff , c ommissary ; he left also a son hy this first wife. By his second wife a Mrs. R. Rogers, a widow lady who survives him, he left two daughters, one a married lady residing in ISTew York. Gen'l Paul died in Washington, May 5, 1886, aged 73 years. CAPT. EDMUND PAUL, second son of Col. Rene Paul, born 1816, married in 1836, commanded a Company of the St. Louis Legion, in the Mexican war of 1846-7. He died in St. Louis, June 27, 1880, aged 64 years and 4 months. Of a family of several children, one son and the widow survive. CAPT. SAMUEL PERRY, was born in Westmoreland County, Pennsylvania, in 1783, and came to Missouri in 1806 and settled at Mine a Burton, Washington County, where he became a prominent individual, representing that county in the Convention that framed the Consti- tution of the State, and subsequently in the House of Representatives and Senate of the State. In 1817 he was married to Mrs. Anne M. Lowe, whose first husband was Capt. Joseph Cross, of the 1st Regiment U. S. Artillery. This lady was COL. R. P. FARRIS. 239 born in ^Torthumberland County, Pemi'a, April 11, 1786. They raised but one daughter, who became the wife of Edward Bredell. Capt. S. Perry died at Potosi, Washington County, Mo., Dec. 12, 1830, aged 47 years, and Mrs. Perry died at St. Louis, Feb'y 12, 1860, aged 73 years and 10 months. COL. ROBERT P. FARRIS, was born in Natick, near Boston, Mass., in the year 1794. He came to St. Louis about 1815^-16, and com- menced the practice of law. In 1820-21, he was appointed Lieut. -Col. of the First Regiment of Missouri militia under the new militia law at St. Louis, and in 1822 was elected to the position of Colonel. In 1822, he was appointed by Governor McNair, Circuit Attorney for the County of St. Louis, and entej-ed upon his duties at the June term of that year. This office he held for seven years, being succeeded in the same by Hamilton Gamble, March 23, 1829. Col. Farris was married on March 31, 1824, at Potosi, Washington County, Mo., to Miss Cath- erine Ann Cross, daughter of Capt. Joseph Cross, formerly of the United States Artillery, and step- daughter of Samuel Perry, Esq., merchant. She died March 2, 1829, at the age of 21. 240 BIOGRAPHICAL. Col. Farris died in this city Dec'r 27, 1830, the year after his wife, aged about 36 years, leaving an only son, the Rev'd Robert P.. Farris. DOCT. BERNARD GAINES FARRAR, son of Joseph Royal Farrar, was born in Gooch- land County, Virginia, July 4, 1785. His parents removed to Kentucky in the same year. In the year 1800, at fifteen years of age, he commenced his medical studies in Cincinnati, and afterwards in Lexington, Ky. In 1804, he attended medical lectures at the University in Philadelphia. In 1806, when 21 years of age, he located at Frankfort, Ky., but at the suggestion of his brother-in-law, Judge Coburn, one of the terri- torial Judges of Missouri, removed to St. Louis the following year, he being the first American Physician who established himself west of the Mississippi River. His professional card appears in the Gazette, May 16, 1809. In 1812, Jan'y, he was associated for a short time in the Drug and Medicine business with Mr. Joseph Charless, Sr., of the Gazette; and in Aug't, 1812, he formed an association in business with Doct. David V. Walker, who had just come to the place. As these two gentlemen became subsequently brothers-in-law, their wives being daughters of Major "Wm. Christy, their copart- nership in business continued until dissolved by JUDGE ROBERT WASH. 241 the death of Doct. Walker, April 9, 1824, a period of twelve years. Doct. Farrar was twice married. First, in 1811, to Miss Sarah, the oldest daughter of Major "Win. Christy. She died on JSTov'r 3, 1817, leaving 1 two sons and one daugh- ter, Wm. Clark Farrar and James Leach Farrar, both deceased unmarried, and Martha Farrar, relict of the late Jas. T. Sweringen, deceased. Doct. Farrar married his second wife, Ann Clark Thruston, in Louisville, Kentucky, Feb'y, 1820, by whom he left at his decease a number of sons and daughters. He died in the summer of Ij849, and Mrs. Farrar April, 1878, aged 79. JUDGE ROBERT WASH was born in Louisa County, Virginia, Nov'r 29, 1790. He received a good education at William and Mary College, where he graduated in 1808, at the age of 18, came west and opened a Law-office in St. Louis in 1810. During the war of 1812-15 he served on Gen'l Benjamin Howard's staff with the rank of Major. He was not long enough at the Bar to acquire much fame as a Lawyer, but that he made an ac- ceptable judge is generally admitted. Like most Virginians, Judge Wash was a great hunter, fond of the chase, and always kept a pack of hounds. 16 242 BIOGRAPHICAL. After the incorporation of the City, he served for a time as an Alderman in 1823, and was always very sanguine of the future prosperity of St. Louis, so that investing his limited means in real estate, it laid the foundation of an ample fortune, which he enjoyed through life. He was appointed one of the Judges of the Su- preme Court, to fill a vacancy in 1824, which posi- tion he held for thirteen years and resigned in 1837. He had previously held under President Monroe the position of United States District Attorney. Judge Wash was twice married. First, in 1828 to Frances, widow of Major Taylor Berry and daughter of Major Wm. Christy, who bore him one daughter, who became the wife of Geo. W. Goode, and Secondly, Miss Eliza L. Taylor, daughter of Col. Nat. P. Taylor. They had several sons and daughters. Judge Wash died Nov. 29, 1856, having just completed his 66th year. JAMES A. GRAHAM was a young lawyer from Pennsylvania, of a family of position in the Cumberland Valley (Carlisle or Shippensburgh) , and came to the place about 1809-10. In the earl}' part of 1810 he received a challenge for a duel, from whom is not stated, which he de- clined to accept on the plea that the challenger was DOCT. ROBERT SIMPSON. 243 not a gentleman. The bearer of the challenge, Doct. B. Farrar, according to the code, took his place. Graham was severely wounded, and went on crutches t'or nearly a year, and died towards its close, while on his way to the East. Robert Wash administered on his estate, and gave bond in six hundred dollars, his personal prop- erty being inventoried at exceeding that amount, Wash's securities being Wm. Christy and Capt. Jas. O. Allen. Graham had been employed by Matthew Kerr, Merchant, to collect for him, they being from the same place. He had a well furnished room, a fine riding horse, pistols, &c., but as he^did not die in St. Louis, but on his way home, his death is not found in our paper. Accounts against his estate were allowed in 1814, and Wash's final settlement and discharge in the year 1826. DOCT. ROBERT SIMPSON was born in Charles County, Maryland, Nov. 1, 1785 ; when young he studied medicine at Phila- delphia, and graduated at the College. In 1809 he was appointed Ass't Surgeon in the United States Army, and was ordered to St. Louis. In 1810 he accompanied the troops that established Fort Madison, Upper Mississippi, and remained one year, and then returned to St. Louis. 244 BIOGRAPHICAL. 1811, June 27, Doct. Simpson was married to Miss Brecia Smith, from Massachusetts, sister of Mrs. Col. Rufus Easton. 1812, opened a Drug Store and appointed Postmaster to succeed Col. Easton. 1823, appointed Collector of St. Louis County. 1826, elected Sheriff of the County, and in 1828 re-elected the same. 1840 to 1846, served seven years as City Comptroller, and as Cashier of the Boatmen's Savings Institution. Doct. Simpson died May 2, 1873, in his 88th year, his wife having preceded him. They had several sons, the last of whom, Symmes, died at Davenport, Iowa, Aug't 4, 1885, aged 72 years. Their only daughter, the wife of Gen. A. J. Smith, yet survives. JUDGE ALEXANDER STUART, from Virginia, was practicing Law in Kaskaskia as early as 1806-7, and then came over to St. Louis about the year 1809. When Chouteau & Lucas laid out their addi- tion to the little old French village of St. Louis on the hill in 1816, Alex'r Stuart was the first purchaser of a lot in the same. 'On the 22d of May, 1816, he purchased from Chouteau for f 1,200 the block of ground bounded by Market, Walnut, Fifth and Sixth Streets, 270 by 288 feet, then considered a fair price. HON. DAVID BARTON. 245 He was appointed by Gov'r Alex'r MoNair, Judge of the St. Louis Circuit Court to succeed Judge IS". B. Tucker; he was on the bench from 1823 to 1826, and was succeeded in turn by Judge Wm. C. Carr. He died in January, 1833, while on a visit to Virginia. HON. DAVID BARTON, the eldest of six brothers, was born in Green County, ]^orth Carolina, (now a part of East Tennessee,) Dec. 14, 1783, and came when a young man to Missouri, prior to the commence- ment of the war with England in 1812, and served for some time, as a mounted Ranger in that war. In 1814, he commenced the practice of the law in St. Louis. Upon the establishment of the Cir- cuit Courts in 1814-15, he was appointed by the Governor, the first Judge of the IsTorthern Circuit, and held his first term at St. Louis on April 10, 1815. This position he held for three years., and then resumed the practice of the law in 1818. Being very popular with the people, he was elected to preside over the convention that adopted the State constitution in 1820, and then by a unan- imous vote of the Legislature, our first Senator in Congress, his colleague being Col. Thos. H. Ben- ton, in drawing lots for the term he drew the short one for four years. In 1824, he was re-elected Senator for the full term of six years, and served until 1830. 246 BIOGRAPHICAL. Afterwards, he served as a State Senator in 1834-35. In his late years he had become very intemperate, and died unmarried, near Boonville, Cooper County, Sept. 28, 1837. JOSHUA BARTON, the second brother, came to St. Louis with, or about the same time with David the oldest. He studied law with Col. Easton, in St. Louis, and after being admitted to the Bar, he became asso- ciated in the practice with his friend Edward Bates. After the formation of the State government, he was appointed Secretary of State, which office he resigned to accept the appointment of United States District Attorney, which office he held at the time of his death on June 30th, 1823. He was killed in a duel on Bloody Island, by Thos. C. Rector ; like his brother David he was never married. ISAAC BARTON, a third brother, came to St. Louis, some little time after the two first. He was for a time a Deputy Sheriff. WILLIAM SMITH, SR., MERCHANT, was born in Culpepper County, Virginia, in 1772, moved young to Lexington, Ky., and w r as there married to Eliza Brady. He came to St. Louis with his family in the year 1810. Having ample means he purchased from B. WILLIAM SMITH, MERCHANT. 247 Pratte, Sr., a lot on the east side of Main Street, just north of Market, upon which in 1812 he erected the second brick house built in the Town, for his store and residence, which he occupied until his death in 1817. During the few years between his arrival in the place and death, being a business man of means and an active politician, he acquired prominence and influence in our then little town, was a director in our first bank of St. Louis, &c. * He died Sunday, Sept. 28, 1817, at the age of 45 years, leaving his widow, four sons and one daughter, viz. : John B. Smith, who was afterwards twice mar- ried. William, who married the daughter of Wm. Stokes. Henry, who died unmarried. Dalzell, who also married subsequently, and Juliana, who died a young lady, in 1822. The widow of Wm. Smith was married on Dec. 29, 1827, to Lewis Edward Hempstead, a grandson of Capt. Stephen Hempstead, Sen'r. She died Oct. 24, 1832. * The clay following the death of Charles Lucas, in his duel with Col. Thos. H. Beaton, a collection of idlers were assembled in front of Washington Hall, southeast corner of Main and Pine Streets, discussing the unf on uuate affair of the preceding day, when an altercation arose be- tween Smith and a William Tharp, who received a blow from Smith, whereupon Tharp drew his pistol and shot Smith dead. 248 BIOGRAPHICAL. JOHN B. SMITH, MERCHANT, the eldest son of the above, was born in Lexington, Ky., in January, 1800. On coming of age in 1821, he formed a connection with Alexander Ferguson, under the style of " Smith & Ferguson, Dry-goods Merchants," at No. 7 North Main, which continued for several years, and on the younger brothers be- coming of age was subsequently changed to " SMITH BROTHERS," Ferguson retiring. The firm continued for a num- ber of years. At the organization of the State Bank of Missouri, in 1837, John B. Smith was elected its first President, holding the office for consecutive years. In 1852-54 he was .appointed State and County Collector, and subsequently United States Surveyor for the port of St. Louis. Jno. B. Smith was twice married. 1st. In New York, in 1821, to Miss Louisa, youngest daughter of Capt. Alexander McDougall, formerly of the British Navy, and his wife, Miss Ellsworth, of New York. Their children were : Ellsworth F., born in 1825, married to Miss Belle Chenie in 1861, with 5 children. Charles Bland, born in 1830, married to Miss Emilie Demun, 1860. Julia Penelope, born in , married to Jno. H. Wilson, 1845, and died in 1861. Jno. B. Smith's first wife died Feb. 18, 1832, CAl'T. JOSEPH CROSS. 249 and in 1836 he married Mrs. Penelope Hepburn, her sister. John Brady Smith died in March, 1865, at the age of 65 3- ears. CAPT. JOSEPH CROSS, U. S. A., was born in the year 1776, and was appointed from Massachusetts an Ensign in the Battalion of Artillery in 1797. Promoted Feb. 16, 1801, a first Lieutenant. Promoted 'Nov. 7, 1808, a Captain, and left the service in 1813, at St. Louis. During his service of sixteen ye^ars, he was the most of his time on duty in the west. In 1805 he was stationed at Michilimacinac, in 1807-8 at Niagara and Fort Pitt, in 1810 brought troops to St. Louis for Bellefontaine, in the fall descended the Mississippi with a de- tachment for Natchez and Fort Adams, went around by sea to the east. In 1811 came again to St. Louis with a detachment of troops for Bellefontaine, and two years later his military career was brought to a close. Capt. Cross was an educated, well read man, poetically inclined, as is shown by several of his published effusions in prose and verse. Of a convivial disposition, a jovial good fellow, fond of the pleasures of the table, he gradually ac- quired a taste for drink, not uncommon with gentlemen of the Army, which resulted in his 250 BIOGRAPHICAL. being compelled to leave the service May 20, 1813. Shortly afterwards he left the country for Arkansas and Texas. In the fall of 1807 Capt. Cross was married at Niagara Falls to Miss Anna M. Lowe, born in Northumberland County, Penn'a. Their chil- dren were : Catherine Anne, born at Fort Pitt in 1808, married to Col. Rob't P. Farris, of St. Louis, in 1824, and died in 1829, aged 21 years, and Horatio Kelson, born in 1811. In 1817, Mrs. Cross, having obtained a legal separation from her first husband, was married at Potosi, Washington County, to Capt. Samuel Perry, merchant of that place. HORATIO NELSON CROSS, married Feb'y 19, 1833, Margaret Emily Austin. After the death of H. N. Cross his widow was married to Chas. D. Drake, March 9, 1842, now living in Washington City. CAPT. HANNIBAL MONTESCUE ALLEN was born in Vermont, and appointed from that State, on June 27, 1804, a second Lieut, in the Artillery Regiment. Jan'y 31, 1806, a first Lieut, in the same. Jan'y 29, 1811, a Captain in the same. He died May 11, 1813. at Norfolk, Virginia. Capt. Allen was married at Niagara Falls, in the fall of 1807, to Miss Catherine Lowe, a sister of Mrs. Capt. Joseph Cross. HEMPSTEA1) FAMILY. 251 CAPT. STEPHEN HEMPSTEAD, SR., was born in ~New London, Connecticut, May 6, 1754, and married Mary Lewis, born Feb'y 24, 1757 in that place, where they continued to reside for many years after their marriage and where their numerous family of sons and daughters were all born. In the year 1811 Capt. Hempstead, then in his fifty-seventh year, with the largest portion of his family came to St. Louis where they arrived on June 12, 1811. Two of his sons had preceded him to St. Louis, Edward and Stephen, Jr., and three sons and three daughters came with him, with some of his grand- children, while others of his children remained and ended their days in Connecticut. The sons who came with him were Thomas, Charles S. and William young men and boys, and long afterwards an older one, Joseph. The daughters were Mary, the widow of Keeney, with a son a lad, and a daughter of Keeney by a former wife. Sarah, wife of Elijah Beebe, with her husband and children. Miss Susan, unmarried. There was also in his party, an Elisha Beebe, a brother of his son-in-law Elijah, also with a young family. So that the Captain's colony numbered twenty souls, and was an event in our early history long remembered and talked of. 252 BIOGRAPHICAL. Mrs. Stephen Hempstead, Sr., died in St. Louis, Sept. 13, 1820, aged 63. Capt. Hempstead, Sr., died in St. Louis Oct. 3, 1831, aged 77 years 5 mos. STEPHEN HEMPSTEAD, JR., was born in ~New London, Connecticut, May 13, 1787, and was bred a hatter. In 1808, when he had reached 21 years of age, he emigrated to St. Louis, where his brother Edward had gone before him, and where he arrived on July 15, 1808. In 1819, his brother-in-law Manuel Lisa, a Mis- souri Fur trader, employed him to take a stock of goods to the mouth ,of the Yellowstone river, where he remained a considerable time and then returned to St. Louis, and soon after located in St. Charles, where he resided several years. Thence he went to the gold mines of Virginia, thence to Tennessee, and finally back to Missouri in 1861, since which time he has resided in Callaway County. Mr. S. Hempstead, Jr., was married in January, 1809, at Portage des Sioux, St. Charles County, to Miss Marie Louise Lefevre, of that village. He died at his home in Callaway County, June 3, 1873, at the age of 86 years and 21 days. He was gored to death by a furious bull. CHARLES S. HEMPSTEAD, ESQR., the fourth of the numerous sons of old Capt. Stephen Hempstead, Sr., was born in New London, Conn't, THOMAS HEMPSTEAD. 253 in 1793, and came here with his father's family in 1811 ; he read law in his brother Edward's office until the death of the latter in 1817. After finish- ing his legal studies he was admitted to practice. May 15, 1819, he was married to Miss Rachel AVilt, a sister of Christian and Andrew Wilt, born in Philadelphia in 1795. She died Oct. 28, 1823, at the age of 28 years, leaving two sons, Charles and Edward. Mr. Hempstead remained in St. Louis for some years after his wife's death, and about the year 1828 he removed to Galena, Illinois, where he resided for many years until his death at an ad- vanced age but a few years back. After his removal to Galena, he married a widow Barnes, one of his sons married a daughter of Major John P. B. Gratiot, and settled in Arkansas, Hemp- stead County, in that State being named from him. THOMAS HEMPSTEAD, the fifth son of Stephen Hempstead, Sr., was born in New London, Connecticut, in the year 1795, and came to St. Louis with his father's family in 1811, at the age of 16 years. Of a restless roving disposition when young, he was for a few years engaged in the Indian trade of the Missouri. After he became of age he appeared to settle down to business, purchased several pieces of choice property, which he resold, realizing a handsome profit on them, and was supposed to be prospering, when in 1825 he suddenly left St. Louis and never returned. BIOGRAPHICAL. In 1819 he was appointed U. S. Military Store- keeper for St. Louis, and Paymaster of the Missouri Militia. About 1841, a brother, William, having good grounds for believing him dead, made application' to the Probate Court for letters of administration on his estate. Mr. Hempstead had married in 1817, Miss Corne- lia, daughter of Judge Henry Yanderburgh, of Vin- cennes, Indiana; they had but one child, named after her mother, Cornelia Y., who subsequently became the wife of a Jno. D. Wilson, and with the mother continued to reside in St. Louis for a num- ber of years thereafter. JOSHUA PILCHEK was born in Culpepper County, Virginia, March 15, 1790 ; came to St. Louis during the war of 1812-15. Originally a hatter by occupation, being a gentle- man of intelligence and enterprise, he engaged in mercantile pursuits, associated for some time with Col. Thos. F. Riddick, who was a relative. About the year 1820 he engaged in the Fur trade of the Upper Missouri River, in which pursuit he spent a number of years, and acquired a thorough knowledge of the various tribes of that region. At the death of Gen'l Wm. Clark, in 1838, Mr. Pilcher was appointed by President Van Buren to succeed him in the office of Superintendent of In- dian affairs at St. Louis. This position he filled JUDGE PETEE FEKGUSON. 255 for about five years, dying 1 here, unmarried, on June 5, 1843, aged 53 years, 2 months and 21 days. HON. JUDGE PETER FERGUSON was born Jan'y 26, 1788, in Scotland, supposed at Edinburgh. He came to America a young- man, and settled at Norfolk, Virginia, where in the year 1809, he married a lady of Princess Anne County. In the war of 1812-15, he was a captain and commanded a company at Norfolk. In 1817 he re- moved to St. Louis and for a time followed his trade of a plasterer. He was appointed a Justice of the Peace by the Hon. Fred'k Bates, acting Governor of the Territory in 1818, and in 1819 was elected Chairman of the Board of Trustees of the Town, in which year the first street paving was done, on Mar- ket Street from Main to the Levee. He was a member of the Board of Aldermen for several years, also an Assistant Clerk in the County Court and Recorder's Offices. In 1841 a Probate Court being established, he was elected the first Probate Judge, serving contin- uously until 1858, a period of over seventeen years, during all which time he failed to hold his courts but one term and that from sickness only. Judge Ferguson died June 15, 1863, aged 75 years. He left but one son, Wm. Findley Fergu- son, born in Norfolk, who succeeded his father as Probate Judge, serving one term of six years, and died in August, 1883. 256 BIOGRAPHICAL. JOHN W. HONEY, the stepbrother of Col. Thos. F. Riddick above, was born at Suffolk, Virginia, Oct. 2, 1789. In 1809 he followed his brother to St. Louis, and was employed as a clerk to assist him in the Land Commissioner's office. On Sept. 22, 1810, when not yet quite 21 years of age, he was married to Miss Marie Antoinette, the youngest daughter of Sylvestre Labbadie, Sr., de- ceased. They lived together for about five years, when from some cause they parted and were divorced in the year 1815. Mr. Honey was again married on March 13, 1817, at Herculaneum, Jefferson County, to Miss Clarissa, daughter of Mr. Elias Bates, and took up his resi- dence at that place, where he lived until his death on Sept. 2, 1832, at the age of 43 years. A daughter is the wife of our former Governor Thos. C. Fletcher. Marie Antoinette Labbadie, after her separation from her first husband, Jno. W. Honey, was mar- ried Oct. 19, 1816, to John Little, an Irish gentle- man ; she died Feb. 18, 1818, after a brief marriage of but 16 months at the early age of 25 years without children. John Little died in October, 1820. MADAME ANGELICA PESCAY. In the territorial days of St. Louis, there were several ladies here who from their natural abilities, MAD'E A. PESCAY. 257 superior education, and a tact for business, played important parts in the community. One of the most conspicuous of these, was the lady whose name heads this article. Her maiden name was Angelica La Grange, of a noted old family of France, where she received her education, and became the wife of a Francis Pescay, of the Island of St. Domingo, from whence at the negro insurrection of 1793, they came to Philadel- phia, where they kept a retail store for some years. In the year 1810, being a widow, she came to St. Louis with her two sons, George, the eldest, a young man just of age, and Julius, some years younger ; they brought with them a stock of mer- chandise and opened a store. In January succeed- ing, 1811, George Pescay left for New Orleans in a keel-boat with a cargo of lead, the proceeds of their stock of goods. The boat was snagged, sunk, cargo lost and young Pescay drowned. After the old lady had somewhat recovered from the terrible shock, finding it necessary to engage in something for her support, and encouraged by sympathizing friends, she concluded to open a day and boarding school of a superior class for young ladies, there being at that day none in the west. "With this pur- pose she purchased an eligible lot on the Second street, erected a suitable building, issued a prospec- tus, and opened her Academy in May, 1812. She was successful in her enterprise, well patron . ized by our first families, and completed the educa- tion of a number of young ladies of the place and vicinity. She continued in this occupation about 17 258 BIOGRAPHICAL. four years, when her other son, Julius, having grown to manhood, and herself perhaps desiring a change, she gave up the Academy and again em- barked in business. In 1822 they removed to Pen- sacola, Florida. Julius Pescay, having a short time previously married a Miss Marinot, from Philadelphia, an old family acquaintance. They all died in the South. MICHAEL TESSON was born in the Island of St. Domingo. He was the son of Tesson and Elizabeth Payre, and with his brothers, Pierre and Francis, were refugees from the Island in 1793 to Philadelphia, and came to St. Louis in 1810 with Madame Pescay and her sons. Mr. Tesson was married in St. Louis on February 14, 1811, to Miss Adelaide B., daughter of Barrousel, a former Attorney of Port de Paix, de- ceased, at the residence of Mrs. Pescay, who was her guardian, and went into business with that lady about the same time. In 1812 the partnership was dissolved, Mr. Tesson continuing the business alone. They were the parents of some half dozen chil- dren, most of whom died in infancy, raising one son and one daughter. Their son, Edward P., born in May, 1812, was married to Miss Lucy Marotte, of Philadelphia, ~Nov. 26, 1833; he died in 1883. EDWARD S. POLKOWSKI. 259 The daughter, Coralie, is the wife of Mr. Ed- ward Polkowski. Pierre Tesson, a brother of Michael, died Feb. 18, 1818 ; his widow married Capt. Josiah Bright in 1820, and Bright died July 31, 1822. Francis Tesson, another brother, was a partner in business for a number of years ; he died unmarried in 1839. Children of Ed. P. and Lucy Tesson : Clara, married first to Ant. Dangen, one son ; and secondly to Jeremiah Wilcox of Montana. Cecile, widow of H. Kenouard, with 1 son and 3 daughters. jN^oemie, married to George Hall, has several children. Dr. Louis Tesson, married. Edward Tesson, married to Miss Forsythe. Theodore Tesson, unmarried. George Tesson, married. A son died a young man. ED. STANISLAS POLKOWSKI, born in the City of Konskie, district of Sandomir, Poland, Sept. 8, 1812. He was engaged in the revolt against the Russian Government in 1830. Arrived in the United States of America, April 15, 1834, and at St. Louis in June, 1835. He was married to Coralie Tesson, Dec. 6, 1842, and they are yet residing in St. Louis. 260 BIOGRAPHICAL. CAPT. THEODORE HUNT, cousin of Wilson P., was born near Trenton, ISTew Jersey, in 1788, and in 1803, at the age of fifteen years, was appointed a midshipman in the U. S. lS~avy, and assigned to the frigate Philadelphia, Capt. Bainbridge, of Commodore Preble's Squadron in the Mediterranean, which ran on the rocks in the harbor of Tripoli, and was burnt Feb. 16, 1804, by sailors in boats from the Squadron under command of Lieut. Stephen Decatur, Jun'r. He came to St. Louis about 1813-14, and was married June 23rd, 1814, to Anne Lucas, only daughter of Judge John B. C. Lucas. In 1816, he purchased from Wm. C. Carr & Co., a tan yard with the necessary buildings, at the southeast corner of Second and our present Almond Streets, which he operated for some years. In May, 1824, he was appointed by President Monroe, U. S. Recorder of Land Titles, succeeding Frederick Bates, just elected our second State Gov- ernor, which office he held until his death Jan'y 21 , 1832, at the age of 44 years, leaving a widow and three children, two daughters and a son. Theodosia Tucker Hunt, married Henry Livings- ton Patterson, Sept. 4, 1839. Julia Tucker Hunt, married to Henry C. Turner, Feb'y 1, 1841. Charles Lucas Hunt, married to Miss Mary Owings, April 6, 1842. The widow of Capt. Theodore Hunt married Wilson P. Hunt, cousin of her first husband. WILT BROTHERS. 261 CHRISTIAN WILT, MERCHANT, son of Abraham and Rachel Wilt, was born in Philadelphia, Jan'y 18, 1789, and came to St. Louis in June, 1811, and commenced business July 25, 1811, in Mrs. Labbadie's old store, opposite Mr. Gratiot's. 1813. He built the third brick house in St. Louis, at the southeast corner of Main and Locust, and moved his business into it, which he occupied until his death. He was an active business man, and soon acquired prominence in the business circles of St. Louis, operated a large mill and distillery on the Cahokia creek opposite St. Louis, was a director in the Bank of St. Louis, &c., &c. He was married at St. Louis, Jan'y 10, 1815, to Miss Ann K., daughter of Major Geo. Wilson,* born at Louisville, Kentucky, Jan'y 20, 1798; she died Dec. 12, 1816, in her 19th year, and her hus- band Wilt, Sept. 27, 1819, in his 31st year. They left an only son, George, in his 3rd year, who died in 1823, aged 7 years. ANDREW WILT, MERCHANT, brother of Christian above, was born in Philadel- phia, Oct. 27, 1791, came to St. Louis in 1818, and joined his brother in business Feb. 10, 1819, under the firm style of " Christian and Andrew Wilt." * MAJOR GEORGE WILSON, was born in Auchentock, Ayrshire, Scotland, in the year 1750, and died In St. Louis, Jan'y 26, 1824, aged 74 years, father of Mrs. Christian Wilt, a gentleman highly esteemed, and one of the first interred in the Hemp- stead lot of Bellefontaine Cemetery, where his head stone still stands. 262 BIOGRAPHICAL. He died in St. Louis, August 10, 1819, in his 28th year, unmarried, but 48 days before his brother. Their firm continuing" but six months. He brought out with him two sisters, the Misses Rachel and Juliana Wilt. The first became the wife of Charles S. Hempstead, Esq., in 1819, and died in Oct., 1823. The other died unmarried, Sept. 27, 1824. JULIUS DEMUN, son of Jacques Demon and Marie Madelaine Le Meillieur, was born at Port au Prince, in the Island of St. Domingo, April 25, 1782. When young he and his brother Augustus were sent to France to be educated, and then joined their parents in England. In 1793, after the insurrection of the negroes, he went to England, where they re- mained until 1808, when the father died and they came to the United States, and remained in New Jersey for a time ; in 1810, they removed to Ste. Genevieve. March 31, 1812, Mr. Demun was married to Isa- belle, daughter of Mr. Charles Gratiot. In 1816, Mr. Demun with Aug't P. Chouteau and others went on a trading expedition to Sante Fe and Chihuahua. While in that country they were robbed of their goods, and the whole party imprisoned. They were confined in prison for two years, when through the demand of the U. S., they were released and returned to the U. S. in 1818-19. In the summer of 1819, Mr. Demun had charge of COL. ELI B. CLEMSON. 263 Mr. John Mullanphy's store in St. Louis, and in the following year, 1820, with his wife and three little girls, went to Cuba, where he cultivated a coffee plantation for some ten years, and then returned to the United States in January, 1831. After his return to the U. S., he was appointed Secretary and Translator for the Board of U. S. Land Commissioners, and in 1842 elected Recorder of Deeds for St. Louis County. In 1817, Mrs. Demun, the mother, removed to Baltimore, and from there to Cuba, where she died. Julius Demun died Aug't 15, 1843, at the age of 61 years. His brother, Augustus Demun, was killed in Ste. Genevieve in 1816, by one McArthur in a personal conflict. They had five daughters : Isabella, wife of Edward Walsh. Julia, wife of Leon Chenie. Louisa, wife of Kob't A. Barnes. Emilie, wife of Chas. Bland Smith. Clara, died unmarried. Mrs. Demun, the widow, died July 13, 1878, at the age of 82 years. COL. ELI B. CLEMSON, entered the U. S. Army from Pennsylvania, and was appointed March 3, 1799, Second Lieut, in the first U. S. Infantry. April, 1800, First Lieut, in the same. 264 BIOGRAPHICAL. March, 1807, Captain in the same. Jan'y 20, 1813, Major in the same. March 9, 1814, Lieut. Col. of the 16th Regiment. June 15, 1815, close of the war; he was dis- banded. August 27, 1816, appointed Ass't Commissary at St. Louis. December 1, 1819, resigned from the Army. Before the war of 1812 he was much about St. Louis and Bellefontaine where his Regiment was stationed. In Sept., 1814, while Lieutenant-Colonel of the 16th Regulars, he had command for a short time of the Philadelphia Volunteers, then concentrating at Camp Bloomneld, Kennett Square, Chester County, Penn'a. After the war he was stationed for some years at St. Louis, where he bought and sold several town lots, realizing a handsome profit therefrom. Jan'y 17, 1816, from C. M. Price, a lot of 20 feet front in Block 36. Nov. 1, 1816, from Col. Elias Rector, lot of 60* feet in Block now No. 2. Aug. 5, 1817, from Judge Lucas, a block of ground, in Lucas' new addition to the Town, on which he built a large frame dwelling, where he lived for some time.* After he left the Army in 1819, he disposed of his property in St. Louis, and returned to the East. * This is the Block on which at present stands Wm. Barr& Co.'s Dry Goods house, 6th from Olive to Locust. WM. VON PHUL, SR. 265 He was married when a Captain, April 9, 1811, at New Brunswick, New Jersey, to Miss Ann Maria Oliver. WM. VON PHUL, a brewer, native of West Hofen, Pfalz, Westpha- lia, on the left bank of the Rhine, was born in 1740, and came to Philadelphia in 1765. In 1775 he married Catharine Graff, of Lancaster, Pennsylvania. He died in Philadelphia in 1798, aged 58 years, leaving his widow, 5 sons and 3 daughters. N HENRY VON PHUL, one of his sons, was born in Philadelphia, Aug't 14, 1784. In the year 1800, his mother, a widow, removed to Lexington, Ky., with some of her children; Henry, then 16 years of age, became the clerk of Thomas Hunt, Jr., in whose service he remained for ten years. In 1811 he came to St. Louis and com- menced business on hie own account, in which he was actively engaged until within a few years of hie death, a period of nearly 60 years. Mr. ^on Phul was married to Miss Rosalie, daughter of Doct. Aiitoine Saugrain, on June 10, 1816. On June 10, 1866, they celebrated their golden wedding, 6 sons and 4 daughters participat- ing. June 10, 1874, celebrated their 58th wedding day. 266 BIOGRAPHICAL. Mr. Yon Phul died Sept. 8, 1874, aged 90 years and 25 days. Mrs. Yon Phul died Feb. 28, 1887, in her 90th year. They were the parents of 15 children, of whom ten attained maturity and married, and leave a nu- merous progeny of descendants. Their surviving children are five sons and three daughters. Henry, lives in Louisiana, married Miss Mary Daigre. Frederick, lives in St. Louis, married Miss Kidelet, deceased. Frank, lives in Louisiana, unmarried. Benjamin, lives in St. Louis, married Miss Lape, of Mississippi. Phillip, lives in St. Louis, married 1st Miss Chatard, dec'd, 2nd Miss Throckmorton. Maria, wife of Thomas M. Taylor, St. Louis. Eliza, widow of Judge W. M. Cooke, deceased, St. Louis. Julia, wife of A. T. Bird. JAMES KE^NERLY, was born at Fincastle, Botetourt County, Yirginia, Aug. 5, 1792, son of Samuel Kennerly and Mary Hancock. He came to St. Louis in October, 1813, in part- nership with John O'Fallon in a cargo of Kentucky produce, " Pickled Pork, Beef, Flour, &c." JAMES KENNERLY. 267 Which having disposed of, he became Chief Clerk of Gov'r Clark, in the U. S. Indian Office. He was next associated with Alexander Mc]STair in a store for some time. In 1816 James Kennedy opened a store in Clark's new brick house on Main Street in Block now "No. 10. In 1817-18, James and Geo. H. Kennerly went into partnership in mercantile business in the same place. In 1820 James Kennerly, having built a new brick building and residence, next north of their former stand, removed into it, where they carried on their business for some years, Mr. Kennerly residing with his family in the upper part of the house. Towards the close of the year 1827, when the works at the new Military post of Jefferson Bar- racks were approaching completion, they were ap- pointed the Sutlers for the Post, and removed there, where James Kennerly resided for over ten years, at the end of which time, having built a stone residence at Cote Brilliant, about five miles northwest of the City, he removed to it and died there August 26, 1840, at the age of 48 years and 3 weeks. James Kennerly was married June 10, 1817, to Miss Eliza Maria, the second daughter of Doct. Antoine Saugrain, born in Lexington, Ky., Oct. 12, 1799. Their three children are : Mary Lamed K., born in 1820, widow of Wm. C. Taylor. 268 BIOGRAPHICAL. Wm. Clark Kennerly, born in 1825, married Florence Brooks, of Mobile, Alabama. Harriet Clark K., born Aug. 2, 1829, married to Ed. J. Glasgow, Oct. 29, 1856. CAPT. GEORGE HANCOCK KEXISTERLY, was born at Fincastle, Botetourt County, Vir'a, Jan'y 28, 1790, and came to St. Louis about the commencement of the war of 1812, and was ap- pointed a Lieut, in the Regular Army. He accom- panied Gov'r Clark in his expedition to Prairie du Chien, and at the close of the war was mustered out of the service. He then went into partnership with his brother James in St. Louis until their removal to Jefferson Barracks in 1827, where a Post-office having been established, he was appointed Jan'y 31, 1828, its Postmaster, and put on a line of two horse stages for the public accommodation. Capt. Kennedy lived on the Barracks tract of land for about forty years with occasional intervals, his wife having purchased about 189 acres of the tract, the Captain had improved a portion of it with a farm. Capt. Geo. Kennerly was married on Dec. 27, 1825, to Miss Alzire, a daughter of Col. Peter Menard, of Kaskaskia, Ills. He died in Jan'y 25, 1867, at the age of 77 years, leaving his widow and a number of sons and daugh- ters. Mary, married to Jno. S. Bowen. CAPT. RISDON H. PRICE. 269 Abigail, married to Wm. Haines. Eliza, married to Matthew Stephenson. Louis H., Samuel, Peter M., Henry. MAJOR THOMPSON DOUGLASS, was born in Maryland, a grand nephew of Charles Thomson, Secretary of the Congress of the Revolu- tion. His grandfather Douglass, a gentleman from Scotland, having married a sister of Thomson. He came to St. Louis during the war of 1812-15, a paymaster in the United States service, until the reduction of the Army following the peace of 1815, when he was mustered out. After this he was appointed a Justice of the Peace and Notary Public for St. Louis. He was married Sept. 23, 1817, to Miss Cornelia, third daughter of Gen'l Daniel Bissell, U. S. Army. They had several daughters. He died in 1844. CAPT. RISDON H. PRICE, came to St. Louis from the eastern shore of Mary- land, about the year 1807, and in 1808 was a partner in business with Benjamin Wilkinson, a son of Gen'l Joseph Wilkinson, of Maryland, the firm being Wil- kinson & Price. Wilkinson died in February, 1810, at sea on his passage around from 'New Orleans to Baltimore, 270 BIOGKAPHICAL. after which Price operated alone with more or less success until about 1822, when reverses and hard times combined drove him out of business, and he removed with his wife to Ste. Genevieve County, where he was still living in 1843. During his residence here he was prominent in business circles, a director in the old bank of St. Louis, &c. He married Aug't 30, 1815, Miss Mary, the second daughter of Gen'l Daniel Bissell, U. S. Army. Their only son, Frederick Price, was still living not long since, in the upper part of this county, on the old Bissell estate. GEORGE TOMPKINS, was born in Caroline County, Virginia, in March, 1780. He came out to Jefferson County, Ken- tucky, about the year 1804, and located at the " Falls," April 29, 1806. He taught school in Kentucky six or seven years. He came to St. Louis about in the year 1811 or 12, and taught school for some years in the old Alvarez mansion on the north side of Market Street, below Third, opposite the old Catholic Cemetery, and was studying law during all the time. In 1816, he gave up teaching school, settled in the Town of Old Franklin, Howard County, and commenced the practice of law. He was twice elected to the Legislature then sitting at St. Charles. In 1824, at the death of the Hon. John GEORGE SHANNON. 271 Rice Jones, of the State Supreme Court, Judge Tompkins was elected to fill the vacancy, which position he filled for twenty-one years, until 1845, when he reached the constitutional age of sixty-five years, and was retired to private life. He died near Jefferson City, April 7, 1846, having just completed his 66 years. GEORGE SHANNON, was born in Pennsylvania in 1787. When seventeen years of age, in 1804, he enlisted in Capt's. Lewis and Clark's expedition to the Rocky Mountains and Pacific Ocean. He received a wound in the leg from the Indians, and on his return had his leg am- putated at St. Charles, and a wooden one substi- tuted in its place, from which he was ever afterwards called Peg Leg Shannon. Lewis and Clark took him to Philadelphia to superintend the publication of their Journal. He there studied law, and was admitted to the bar, and commenced practice in Lexington, Ky., and was then a Circuit Judge for three years. In 1828, he located at Hannibal, Mo., and afterwards at St. Charles, was a State Senator a short time, and United States Attorney for Missouri. He died suddenly at Palmyra, in Court, at the age of 49, in 1836. 272 BIOGRAPHICAL. MOSES SCOTT, MERCHANT, came to St. Louis in the winter of 1810-11, and opened his store in the north part of the old Jno. B. Becquet house, on Main, between Myrtle and Elm Streets. In 1816, May, he bought from Chouteau a lot in his new addition to the Town, at the north-east cor- ner of Fifth and Elm (where Tony Faust is at present), upon which he built a two-story frame building for his residence, which he occupied until his death. In May, 1817, he removed his store to McKnight & Brady's new building, on Main Street, south-east corner of Pine Street, the south one, ISTo 42. In December, 1817, he removed across the street to Clark's new stone row, the south one of the three, where he remained in business until 1821, when being a Justice of the Peace for St. Louis, he opened an office in his dwelling on Elm Street, where he died Aug't 20, 1823. THOMAS M' QUIRE, MERCHANT, commenced business here on Dec' r 20, 1817, in the store just vacated by Moses Scott above, in Bra- dy's, No. 42. 1818, February 26th, he bought from Chouteau a lot in his new addition on the hill, on the north side of Market Street from 8th to 9th, on which he COL. JOHN O'FALLON. 273 built a small brick dwelling house where he lived until he died, a Justice of the Peace and Merchant, Dec'r 23, 1828. COL. JOHN O'FALLON was born at Mulberry Grove, near Louisville, Ken- tucky, the residence of his uncle, Jonathan Clark, on ISTov'r 17, 1791. His father, Doct. James O'Fallon, born at Athlone, Ireland, of a very ancient family, had served under Washington as a surgeon in the Continental Army ; his mother was Francis Clark, the youngest sister of Gen' Is Geo. Rogers and William Clark, born at Mulberry Hill near Louisville, the residence of her father, John Clark, Sen'r. They were married in 1790. Doct. O'Fallon died in Louisville in 1793, leaving two sons, John, two years of age, and Benjamin, an infant. Mrs. O'Fallon' s second husband was Cha's M. Thruston, of Louisville, by whom she had two sons and two daughters ; and her third, Judge Dennis Fitzhugh, of Virginia, by whom she had one daughter. She survived the three for several years. When of a proper age John was sent to school at an Academy at Danville. Kentucky. In 1810 he went to Louisville to complete his education, and his brother Benjamin came to St. Louis to stay with his guardian, his uncle Gen'l William Clark, and went to school in St. Louis. 18 274 BIOGRAPHICAL. In the fall of 1811-Jno. O'Fallon, then 20 years of age, marched with the mounted Kentucky Vol- unteers, under Col. Jos. Davies, to the Indian Towns on the Wabash River, and was severely wounded at the battle of Tippecanoe, where Col. Davies was killed. After the battle he went to St. Louis, remaining with his uncle until well. In Sept., 1812, he was appointed an Ensign in the first U. S. Infantry. In January, 1813, he was promoted to 2nd Lieutenant. In May, Aid-de-camp and acting Ad- jutant-General at the siege of Fort Meigs. In August, 1813, to 1st Lieut. 21th U. S. In- fantry. March, 1814, Captain in the 2d U. S. Rifle Regiment. And resigned July 31, 1818, at Mackinaw. After he left the army he settled in St. Louis and commenced business as a contractor for army supplies, &c., &c. He was twice married, first, in 1821, to Miss Harriet Stokes, an English lad} 7 , who died Feb. 14, 1826, and secondly, on March 15, 1827, to Miss Caroline Sheets, from Baltimore. During his long residence in our community Col. O'Fallon was one of our most prominent and pub- lic spirited men, filling many positions of trust, and exercising great influence with the people. He died Dec. 17, 1865, at the age of 74 years, leaving four sons and an only daughter, Caroline, who was the wife of the late Doct. Chas. Pope. COL. A. B. CHAMBERS. 275 NATHANIEL PASCHALL was born at Knoxville, Tenn'e on April 4, 1802. His father afterwards removed with his family to Ste. Genevieve, Mo., where young Paschall received his schooling. Early in 1814, when he was not yet quite twelve years old, his father apprenticed him to Mr. Joseph Charless, of the Missouri Gazette, to learn the trade of a printer. After his apprentice- ship had expired in 1823, he continued to work on the paper with Edward Charless, its new proprietor, who in March, 1828, admitted him as a partner in the proprietorship. ' In 1837, Charless and Paschall sold their estab- lishment to Messrs. Chambers, Harris and George Knapp. In 1840, Paschall and Charles Ramsay established a new paper, which they called the New-Era. In 1842, Mr. Paschall was elected Clerk of the Court of Common Pleas of St. Louis County, the only office for which he ever ran. Jan'y 1, 1844, he was associate Editor of the Missouri Republican, Col. A. B. Chambers being the chief, and in 1854, at the death -of Chambers, Paschall became Chief Editor. Mr. Paschall was married at Springfield, Ills., on Novem'r 27, 1832, to Mrs. Eliza Edgar (nee Ste- vens), widow of Gen'l John Edgar, of Kaskaskia, Ills. Mr. N. Paschall died Dec'r 12, 1866, in his 65th year. Mrs. Paschall had died in 1859. 276 BIOGRAPHICAL. The} 7 left two sons, Henry G. and George M., and 4 daughters. Eugenia L. married first to Walter B. Carr, Dec. 16, 1854, and secondly to Gerard B. Allen, July 13,1871. Ada married to Wm. C. Tyler, of Louisville, March 10, 1853. Mary A. married to Thomas Cummins, June 25, 1863. Elizabeth married to Jos. P. Carr, [Nov. 23, 1871. DR. DAVID V. WALKER came to St. Louis in August, 1812, and entered at once into partnership with Doct. B. G. Farrar, in the practice of medicine. Doct. Walker married Miss Matilda JS"., third daughter of Major Wm. Christy, thus becoming the brother-in-law of his business partner. Doct. Walker died April 9, 1824, leaving his widow with two young children. Leonidas, born Aug't 16, 1817, who died Aug't 4, 1866, aged 49 years, and a daughter who after- wards became the wife of Samuel B. Churchill, Postmaster. Mrs. Walker was married June 24, 1832, to Col. Nathaniel P. Taylor, from Jefferson County, Ky., who brought with him four grown children by a former wife. She died Feb'y 5, 1872, aged 74 years. JUDGE M. McGIKK. 277 DOCT. PKYOR QUARLES came from Richmond County, Virginia, in Sept., 1815, the 5th American physician, and commenced his practice of medicine. Sept. 4, 1817, he was married to Miss Joanna A., second daughter of Col. Rufus Easton, and died early in October, 1822, after a brief married life of five years, leaving two young children. His widow became the second wife of Henry S. Geyer, April 26, 1831. JUDGE MATTHIAS was born in Tennessee about the year 1790. He studied his law there, and came to St. Louis when but a young man, in about the year 1814. In 1816, when Chouteau & Lucas made their first addition to the Town of St. Louis, McGirk pur- chased from Chouteau the second lot he sold, being ~No. 5, the southwest quarter of Block ]S"o. 1, 144 feet front on Fourth by 135 feet deep on Walnut, which had been the northeast quarter of the old Spanish Garrison on the hill, and on which stood the old stone building occupied as the Officers Quar- ters. In this house he resided for some years. In 1817 he put up a small one-story brick for his office on his Fourth Street front, which was afterwards oc- cupied by David Barton and Judge Jas. H. Peck. 278 BIOGRAPHICAL. At the organization of the State Government in 1820, Judge McGirk was elevated to the Supreme bench, associated with Judges Jno. Rice Jones and John D. Cook, their commissions were issued in 1820. This office he held until 1841. About 1827 or 1&28 he removed to Montgomery County on the Missouri, shortly afterwards he mar- ried a Miss Talbot. They had no children ; his wife survived him many years. JUDGE ALEXANDER GRAY. Amongst the large number of young men, from all parts of the country, who joined the Army during the war with England of 1812-15, was Alexander Gray, from Kentucky, w! when the army was in- creased, was appointed a Captain in the 24th Regu- lar Infantry, and served during the war. At its close in 1815, he came first to Cape Girar- deau, and from there to St. Louis, yet a young man, and opened a law office, which profession he had studied. He was well educated, skilled in the classics, a fine writer, and ranked amongst the first as a criminal lawyer. Early in 1820, Judge N". B. Tucker, of the St. Louis Circuit Court, about to be absent for some time, resigned the Judgeship of the northern circuit, and Alexander Gray was appointed by Acting Gov- ernor, Frederick Bates, to fill the vacancy. He held two terms of his court in St. Louis, the April and August terms of 1820. The State Government HON. EDWARD BATES. 279 having then come into existence the courts were re- organized in the fall, and Judge Gray was appointed by Gov'r McNair to the new Northern Circuit north of the Missouri River. He died unmarried August 2, 1823. Being a fine looking man, he was somewhat vain of his personal appearance, and although yet but a young man, his hair was almost white. His friend, Spencer Pettis, administered upon his estate Aug. 18, 1823. HON. EDWARD BATES, was born in Belmont, Goochland County, Virginia, Sept. 4, 1793, of Quaker parentage, the seventh son of a family of twelve children. He came to Missouri in 1814, at the age of 21 years, his elder brother Frederick Bates being then Secretary of the Territory, and studied in the office of Rufus Easton, Esq'r. He was admitted to the bar in 1816, and soon became one of the most prominent members of the same. He was a member of the convention of 1820, that framed the constitution of the State, and was ap- pointed the same year by Gov. MclSTair to the Of- fice of Attorney-General for the State. In 1822 he was a member of the first Legislature that sat in St. Charles, and in 1824 was appointed by Pres't Monroe United States Attorney for the district of Missouri. He was the second Representative in Congress from the State of Missouri, being elected to the 280 BIOGRAPHICAL. 20th Congress in 1826, to succeed John Scott. Afterwards declining a re-election to enable him to resume his practice of law as far more lucrative. In 1830 he served as a State Senator, and in 1834 as a Representative in the State Legislature. In 1850 President Fillmore appointed him Secre- tary of War, one of his Cabinet ; he was confirmed by the U. S. Senate, but he declined to accept the position. In 1853, he was elected Judge of the St. Louis Land Court. In 1850, Presiding Officer of the Whig National Convention in the City of Bal- timore, and finally in 1861, President Lincoln se- lected him for Attorney-General of the United States, which office he filled for two years, resign- ing it in 1863 to retire to private life. Mr. Bates was, perhaps, the most prominent mem- ber of the St. Louis bar, long associated with his brother-in-law, Gov'r Ham. R. Gamble, and enjoy- ing a lucrative practice. Mr. Bates was married May 29, 1823, at Dar- denne Prairie, St. Charles County, to Miss Julia D., daughter of David Coulter, Esq'r, formerly of Charleston, S. C. He was the father of a numerous family of children, leaving some ten or twelve at his death, March 25th, 1869, at the age of 76 years. CAPT. HENRY S. GEYER, was born in Frederick County, Maryland, of Ger- man parents, Dec. 9, 1790; his father came from Prussia. HENKY S. GEYER. 281 He read law with his uncle Daniel Shaeffer, in Ha- gerstown, and commenced practice in 1811. In 1812 was a volunteer in the war, and appointed a Paymaster in the U. S. Army, while stationed at Norfolk, Virginia. At the close of the war he came to St. Louis in 1815, still a Paymaster, which office he resigned at the end of the year, and commenced the practice of law. He soon assumed a prominent position at the bar, and filled several important civil offices. In 1817, compiled his digest of the Territorial Laws. In 1818, was a member of the Territorial Legis- lature. In 1821, elected Speaker of the House of Repre- sentatives at their first session. In 1822, re-elected Speaker of the House. In 1824-25, H, S. Geyer and Rufus Pettibone made the first revision of the State Laws. In 1851 he was elected to the U. S. Senate to succeed Thos. H. Benton, and served in the office one term of six years. Capt. Geyer was three times married in St. Louis. 1st, Jan'y 1, 1818, to Miss Clarissa B. Starr, a young lady from the State of New York ; this lady died Oct. 27, 1829, leaving two young daughters who grew to womanhood and became married ladies. 2d, April 26, 1831, to Mrs. Joanna Quarles, sec- ond daughter of Rufus Easton, and widow of Doct. Pryor Quarles, by whom he raised two sons to manhood. 282 BIOGRAPHICAL. 3d, Feb. 12, 1850, to the widow of Edward Charless, (Miss Jane Stoddard, of St. Charles,) who survived him and died at a very advanced age, after marrying her third husband, Doct. Herman L. Hoffman. Capt. Henry S. Geyer died March 5, 1859, aged 69 years. HON. NATHANIEL BEVERLY TUCKER, was born at Mattox, Chesterfield County, Virginia, Sept. 6, 1784, third son of J. St. George Tucker, from the Island of Bermuda, who settled in Virginia previous to the Revolutionary war, and had married in the year 1778, the widow of John Randolph, Sr., mother of the celebrated John Randolph,* of Roan- oke, who was thus the half brother of ]ST. B. Tucker. Judge Tucker came to St. Louis in 1815, at the age of 31 years, to practice his profession of the law, and was appointed by Frederick Bates, the Sec'y and then acting Governor of the Territory, Judge of the Northern Circuit, and he held the first term of his court at St. Louis on Monday, Feb'y 9, 1818. This position he held for about five years, except during a brief absence, and was succeeded on the bench by Judge Alexander Stuart in June, 1823. Judge Tucker was married at St. Charles in October, 1828, to Miss Eliza, daughter of Mr. John * John Randolph, of Roanoke, was born at Cawsons, Chesterfield County, Virginia, iu 1773, and died in Philadelphia in 1833, aged 60 years. GAIUS PADDOCK. 283 Nailer. This lady died on March 14, 1829, at Ful- ton, Callaway County, after a brief married life of but five months. About the year 1831-32, he lived for a time in Saline County. After a residence in Missouri of about eighteen years, he returned to Virginia, in 1833-34, to accept the chair of Law-Professor in William and Mary College, at Williamsburg, James City County, which had been proffered him. This position he filled about eighteen years, until his death at that place, Aug't 26, 1851, at the age of 67 years. GAIUS PADDOCK, SR., came to St. Louis from Woodstock, Vermont, with his large family of children, nearly all of them daughters, about 1815, and opened a boarding house on South Main Street, in the large old French house, the former residence of Charles Gratiot, Sr., in the early days of the village. About the year 1820, they moved up to the north- west corner of Chestnut and Main, into the large stone house, late the Gratiot mansion, where they lived for some five or six years. They were a highly respectable family and their boarders of the best class. Gaius Paddock, Seir r, died at St. Louis, August 11, 1831. After his death the widow and daughters moved to Illinois, on a farm they had been improving, 284 BIOGKAPHICAL. seven miles north of Ed wards ville, on the main road to Springfield; it was long known as Paddock's grove. ORVILLE PADDOCK, the. second son, was born in Woodstock, ]NTov'r 15, 1805, and was about 10 years of age when the family came to St. Louis ; he was raised in the dry-goods business by James Clemens, Merchant, in whose em- ployment he continued for nearly 20 years. In 1834 he went into business with Philemon Hunt at No. 3 South Main Street, as "Hunt & Paddock, dry goods." About 1838 he removed to Springfield, Ills., where he remained for a time, and then to Alton, Ills., where he became permanently established. Mr. Paddock was married June 25, 1834, to Miss Mary Elizabeth Bailey, at St. Louis, and died at Alton, Ills., Dec'r 26, 1869, at the age of 64. years. * CHARLES W. HUNTER, MERCHANT, from Philadelphia, " has just opened, Dec'r 23, " 1815, a new store on South Main Street, opposite " Matthew Kerr's Store. " 1817, July 12. He has removed across the Street to next south of Matthew Kerr's. * Charles W. Hunter had served in the campaign of 1813-14 as Brigade Major of Gen'l Cadwallader's Brigade of Philadelphia Volunteers at Camp Bloomfleld, Kennett's Square, and Camp Dupont, Brandywine, near Wilmington, Delaware. DOCT. ED. S. GANTT. 285 August 20. Removed to Belcour's new stone store diagonally opposite the old stand. 1819, May 18. Chas. W. Hunter has removed across to Matthew Kerr's old stand on the east side of Main Street. 1820-21. He removed to Alton, Ills., just then taking a start. JAMES ARNOLD, SR., MERCHANT, came from Dublin, Ireland, with his two sons, Will- iam and James, Jr. March 5, 1819, he opened his stock of Wines and Liquors in Bosseron's cellar, not being able to find a vacant store. In the summer of that year he re- moved to Clark's Store, No. 55 North Main Street. In 1821 Jas. Arnold & Co. were in No. 71 North Main, Paul's Store. In 1822-23 they were in Jas. Kennerly's Store, No. 57 North Main. Wm. Arnold, the oldest son, died here Sept. 3, 1823, aged 32 years, born, 1791, highly esteemed by all who knew him for his kindly qualities. Mr. Arnold, Sr., after the death of his son, re- turned to his family living in Dublin ; he was a well raised gentleman. DOCT. EDWARD S. GAXTT, U. S. A., came to St. Louis during the war of 1812-15, at- tached to the Army, and after its conclusion, 286 BIOGRAPHICAL. remained here for some years in the practice of his profession. He had three handsome daughters that were noted belles of our place at that period. MR. JONATHAN GUEST, MERCHANT, from Philadelphia, married Miss Mary, Feb. 8, 1819. DOCT. ARTHUR NELSON, PHYSICIAN of St. Louis, married Miss Eleonora, May 25, 1819. Major Stoughton Gantt, Paymaster U. S. Army, a cousin of the Doctor, died here April 25, 1819. Capt. John Gantt, another of the family, was a Capt. in the 6th Regiment U. S. Infantry, stationed for some years at Fort Atkinson, Council Bluffs. PATRICK WALSH, ESQ., was born in the town of Sligo, Ireland, in the year 1783, and received a business education. He emi- grated to the United States, arriving at New York in 1803, and was married in that place in 1810. In 1817 he moved out west, remained in Cincinnati a couple of years, and arrived in St. Louis in Janu- ary, 1820. He commenced business as an Auctioneer and Commission merchant the same year at No. 29 Main Street, in which he continued for some JOHN E. THOLOZAN. 287 years, and then relinquished, having been commis- sioned by the Governor a Justice of the Peace for the Township of St. Louis. Mr. Walsh had a family of ten children, viz. : Joseph W., Mary Ann, Peter A., James B., John C., William P., Agnes C., Edmond E., Julia N". and Edward P., of whom two survive. Mr. Walsh died in February, 1851, at the age of 68 years. CAPT. JOSIAH BRIGHT, from Boston, came to St. Louis about the year 1813, and became associated in business with his brother-in-law, Charles Sanguinet, Jr. The firm of " Sanguinet & Bright" was a prominent one here for some years, until its dissolution in 1821. Capt. Bright Avas twice married, first, in 1814 to Miss Eulalie, the fifth daughter of Charles Sangui- net, Sr. She died Feb. 14, 1817, leaving a son and daughter. May 30, 1819, Capt. Bright was married to Mrs. Eliza, the widow of the late Pierre Tesson, dec'd. Capt. Bright died July 31, 1822. JOHIsr ELI THOLOZAIST, born in Toulouse, France, came to St. Louis about the year 1816, bringing with him a stock of French goods, and kept a store for about a couple of years, until he had disposed of his goods, when he closed his business, and moved on to a place he had pur- 288 BIOGRAPHICAL. chased in the country a few miles south-west of the Town, where he lived until his death. On January 5, 1819, he was married to Adelaide, the sixth daughter of Charles Sanguinet, Sr., and died in May, 1848, at the age of 61 years. His widow survived him twenty-nine years, and died April 2, 1877, aged seventy-nine years. They had no children. THE THREE BROTHERS LLSTDELL, Peter, John and Jesse G., were born near Snowhill, Worcester County, Maryland, where their ances- tors for two generations had lived. Peter was born March 26, 1776, and when a young man was engaged in business, making occa- sional visits to Philadelphia with droves of cattle to dispose of for himself and others. About 1813 he came to St. Louis, associated with Thos. and John Cromwell, with a stock of fresh goods from Philadelphia, and opened a store. 1815, March 1. Having disposed of their stock of Merchandise, the partnership of Peter Lindell and Thos. and John Cromwell was dissolved. " 1816, June 8. Peter, John and Jesse G. Lindell, have just opened a large stock of New Goods in the brick house of M. Lisa, corner of Main and the first Cross Street north of the Market," (now Chest- nut St.) Having acquired a handsome property while en- gaged in business, he retired from the same, after some years of active life, and died a confirmed old JOHN BOBB, SB. 289 bachelor Oct. 26, 1861, at the age of 85 years, pos- sessed of an ample fortune, the fruits of his economy and frugality. John Lindell, Jr., the next brother, born about 17.80, died unmarried in the summer of 1821, at Herculaneum, Jefferson Cy., where they had a branch store of their principal house in St. Louis. His interest in the business passed to the surviving brothers, Peter and Jesse G., deed from his father and sisters, on record book L., pages 5 and 7. Jesse Gr. Lindell, the youngest of these, was born Dec. 16, 1790, and came to St. Louis in 1816. He married Dec'r 14, 1825, Jemima Smith, nee Lee, widow of Oliver C. Smith. He had not long before retired from business, having like his brother Peter, acquired a competency, which in the 33 years fol- lowing his marriage, had grown into a very large fortune. It was a part of his fortune, and not his brother Peter's, that went into the Lindell hotel. Jesse Gr. Lindell died Feb. 2, 1858, at the age of 68 years, without children. A fourth brother, Robert, settled in Pittsburgh at an early day and was in business there for many years, at his death in very moderate circumstances. Several of his children came to St. Louis and lived with their uncles. JOHN BOBB, SK., was born in Lancaster County, Pennsylvania, in the year 1766. His father, who was a brick maker, moved his 19 290 BIOGRAPHICAL. family to Philadelphia, where John and an elder brother Peter were long successfully engaged in the manufacture of bricks. In the year 1800, he with a wife and several chil- dren, removed his family to Lexington, Ky., where he built a brick house, opened a brick yard, and built a mill for the manufacture of linseed oil. In December, 1816, he came to St. Louis, and in January, 1817, purchased from Col. Augte. Chou- teau, block ~No. 132 of his new addition on the hill, bounded by Market and Walnut, 6th and 7th Streets, then high ground eight or ten feet above the present grade, built a log house for his family at the south- west corner of the block (on the spot where now stands the Standard Theatre), and made bricks there until the ground was cut down to present grade, and then purchased the block next west, from 7th to 8th, for the same purpose. In 1819 Mr. Bobb was elected one of the Town trustees. In 1823 he was appointed by Mayor Wm. Carr Lane, Street Commissioner, and subsequently was Coroner of St. Louis County. In 1838 he commenced the publication of a liberal paper called the Western Examiner, advocating the same views as the Boston Investigator. Mr. Bobb was married in the year 1787, at Phila- delphia, to Miss Anna Maria Sprinkle ; they were the parents of seven sons and four daughters, all but one of whom attained maturity. He died May 17, 1851, at the age of 85 years. JOHN COLLIER. 291 Mrs. Bobb had died at her daughter's home in Marion County in August, 1845, aged 75 years, and was interred at that place. John, died in Vicksburgh in 1863. William, died in Natchez in 1826. Jacob, died in Natchez in 1826. George, died in St. Louis in 1834. Peter, died in St. Louis in 1839. Theodore, died in St. Louis in 1844. Charles, born in 1810, is the last surviving son. Mrs. Masters, born in 1798, is now 90 years of age. Julia A., born in 1803, (Mrs. Isaac A. Letcher,) died in St. Louis, Nov. 27, 1885, aged 82 years. Caroline, born in 1812, (Mrs. Alexander Lyle,) is now 76 years of age. Dolly, died an infant in Kentucky. JOHIST COLLIER, son of Peter and Catherine Collier, born near Snow- hill, Worcester County, eastern shore of Maryland, about the year 1792 ; came to Missouri with his mother, a widow, in 1816, with a stock of goods from Philadelphia, and opened a retail store in St. Charles, at that time a rival of St. Louis, with more brick houses, and an even chance of keeping pace with her. In 1819-20, three years later, prospects in St. Charles not appearing so bright, they established a branch of their house in St. Louis, under the style of John Collier &; Co. 292 BIOGRAPHICAL. John Collier died unmarried May 18, 1821, at St. Charles, aged 29 years. Catherine Collier, widow of Peter Collier, died in St. Charles June 5, 1835, aged 73 years. GEORGE COLLIER, the second son of the same, was born on the same farm with John, March 17, 1796, and after the death of his father sent to Philadelphia to school. In 1818, having completed his education, he came to Missouri and became a partner of his brother, under the style of John Collier & Co. On January 1, 182G, George Collier was married at St. Charles to Miss Frances E., daughter of James Morrison, Esq'r, merchant of that place. She died Aug't 30, 1835, leaving a young daugh- ter and an infant son, George Collier, Jr., born in 1835, who grew to manhood, and married a daughter of General Stephen Kearny; he died in 1863, aged 28 years. In 1838, George Collier was married at Pitts- burgh, Penn'a, to Miss Sarah A., eldest daughter of the late William Bell, Merchant, of that city. He died July 18, 182, at the age of 56 years, leav-' ing five sons and two daughters, one the wife of Henry Hitchcock, Esq'r, and the other the wife of Ethan A. Hitchcock, Esq'r. Thomas Collier, a son by his second wife, Sarah, died at the age of 20 years. Mr. George Collier becoming the heir of his mother and elder brother, shortly after he embarked COT. THOMAS H. BENTON. 293 in business, was already the possessor of ample means, in 1840 when he withdrew from active busi- ness on account of his ill health, he had accumu- lated a very large fortune, acquired in the various enterprises he had been engaged in, and which con- tinued to increase for the rest of his days, dying, in its strictest sense, a millionaire. COL. THOMAS H. BENTON, was born in Hillsborough township, Orange county, North Carolina, March 14, 1782. His mother, a widow, removed to Tennessee. He taught school and studied law, and in 1808, after being admitted to the bar, opened an office in Franklin, Williamson County, Tennessee. Shortly afterwards he re- moved to Nashville and opened an office in that place. In 1811 he was elected to the Legislature of Ten- nessee, and in 1812 joined the army, and was an aid- de-camp of General Jackson until the summer of 1813, when a misunderstanding arose between them, which resulted in the rencontre of Friday, Sept. 4, 1813. Subsequently he was appointed Lieut. Colonel of the 39th Regiment United States In- fantry, then being raised for the war, but it was never completed. Peace occurring not long after- wards, the new regiments were disbanded. After the peace of 1815, Col. Benton removed to Missouri and opened a law office in St. Louis in 1816, and in 1819 became associated with Isaac ~N. 294 BIOGRAPHICAL. Henry, in the publication of the St. Louis Enquirer, as its editor. When the new State government went into effect in the fall of 1820, he and David Barton, who had been President of the State Convention, were elected by the Legislature, for our two first Senators in Congress, Barton unanimously and Benton by a mere majority. At the expiration of his first term as Senator for six years, Benton had made himself so popular with our people, mainly by having espoused the cause of Andrew Jackson, to whom he had become recon- ciled, that he was re-elected to the Senate for four additional terms, serving as a Senator for thirty con- secutive years, longer than any other member of that body before or since. After thirty years of continual service in the Senate, Col. Benton, who had now reached his " three score and ten " being still anxious to serve his constituents, was elected in 1852 to a seat in the lower house from the St. Louis district. After serv- ing out this term, his friends retired him from public life to make way for a new generation. During all this long period of time, Col. Benton' s actual residence was in Washington City, where Mrs. Benton owned her dwelling. Col. Benton was married on Tuesday, March 20, 1821, at Lexington, Virginia, to Miss McDowell, a sister of Gov. McDowell, of Virginia, and died April 10, 1858, in Washington City, aged 76 years, and is interred at Bellefontaine Cemetery. He left four married daughters. REV'D SALMON GIDDINGS. 295 Elizabeth, married to Wrn. Carey Jones, of Washington City. Jessie, to Col. John C. Fremont, of South Carolina. Sarah, to Rich'd Jacobs, of Kentucky. Susan, to Mr. Boisleau, of France. His only son died a young- man, unmarried. Mrs. Benton died March 24, 1855. SALMON GIDDINGS was born in Hartford, Connecticut, March 2nd, 1782, and was ordained on December 20, 1814. In 1815 was an itinerant minister in Massachusetts and Connecticut. April 6, 1816, he arrived at St. Louis. Oct. 12, 1816, opened a school in the two-story frame on the hill, built by James Sawyer for the purpose. Nov'r 15, 1817, organized the first Presbyterian congregation in St. Louis. Jan'y 3, 1818, opened a school for girls. Aug't 30, 1823, laid the corner stone of his new Presbyterian Church, the first " brick " Protestant Church west of the Mississippi River, by the Grand Lodge of Ancient Free Masons of Missouri, at the northwest corner of 4th and St. Charles Streets. Rev'd S. Griddings married Dec'r 4, 1826, Miss Almira Collins, at Collinsville, Illinois. He died Feb. 15, 1828, in his 46th year. 296 BIOGRAPHICAL. OAPT. JAMES M'GUNNEGLE, u. s. ARMY, was appointed from Pittsburgh, Penn'a. Jan'y 3, 1812, an Ensign in the 5th Regiment, U. S. Infantry. March 12, 1812, a Second Lieut, in same. April 28, 1814, a First Lieut, in same. May 17, 1815, transferred to the Rifle Regi- ment. July 12, 1818, promoted to Captain. Sept. 25, 1818, was appointed Deputy Quarter- master General for St. Louis. June 1, 1821, was transferred as Captain to 6th Reg't Infantry. He died unmarried at St. Louis, Aug't 27, 1822, and was buried with military honors by the St. Louis Guards- The Territorial Bank of St. Louis having become insolvent, the old banking house was sold at public sale by Joseph C. Brown, Sheriff, under execution, on Dec'r 20, 1819, and Capt. James McGunnegle, a creditor, became the purchaser and held it at the period of his death. MB. CHARLES WAHRENDORFF, was born in the Kingdom of Hanover, Germany, in the year 1790. He was in business in Pittsburgh, Penn'a, prior to the war of 1812-15, and served in that war as a member of the Pittsburgh Blues. KUFUS PETTIBONE 297 In October, 1817, he came to St. Louis with a stock of German goods, which he opened in Per- kins and Drip's store on South Main Street. In Sept., 1818, on the completion of Chenie's new brick store on Main, above Market Street, he re- moved to it. April 10, 1820, the old firm of Charles Wahren- dorff & Co. was dissolved, and in May the new firm of Edward Tracy & Chas. Wahrendorff was estab- lished in the old stand. They conducted its busi- ness in this same house, until the death of Mr. Wah- rendorff in August, 1831, brought it to a close. Charles Wahrendorff was married Sept. 8, 1823, to Mrs. Ann, widow of the late Mr. Amos Wheeler, dec'd, and oldest daughter of Mr. Joseph Charless, Sr. He died Aug't 27, 1831, the result of a fall, at the age of 41 years, leaving but one child, a daugh- ter, who when of age became the wife of Taylor Blow. KUFUS PETTIBONE, was born in Litchfield County, Connecticut, May 26, 1784. In 1801, at 17 years of age, he entered Williams College, Massachusetts, where he remained four years and graduated in 1805. Studied law in Onon- dago County, New York, for a couple of years, and finished his studies with Abraham Van Vechten, a leading Lawyer of Albany, New York, in 1809, and was admitted to the bar. 298 BIOGKAPHICAL. In 1810 he commenced practice in Vernon, Oneida County, ~New York. In 1812, elected to the Legislature, and in the :same year was married to Louise Esther De Russey, daughter of a French refugee from St. Domingo, of 1793. In May, 1818, he arrived at St. Louis, with his wife and three children, and immediately formed a copartnership with Rufus Easton, whom he had pre- viously known. In 1821, he was appointed Judge of the Second Circuit, and removed his family to St. Charles. He held his first term at Louisiana, Pike County, in February, 1821. In April, 1823, he was appointed to fill a vacancy on the Supreme bench of the State. And died in office at St. Charles July 31, 1825, aged 41 years. LEVI PETTIBOXE, his brother, born in Litchfield in 1780, who came here with him, survived him many years, in Lou- isiana, Pike County, and died in St. Louis in 1883, having attained 103 years of age. A daughter of Rufus Pettibone became the wife of Judge Hunt, of Louisiana. HON. JAMES HAWKINS PECK, was born in the eastern part of Tennessee, upon the confines of North Carolina, and came to St. Louis, and established himself as a Lawyer in 1818. EDWARD TRACT. 299 At the establishment of the District Court of the United States for Missouri in 1821, amongst others James H. Peck made application for the appoint- ment of Judge, and being supported by Col. Rich- ard M. Johnson, of Kent'y, and Senator David Barton, of Missouri, received the appointment, and occupied the bench for a number of years. Gen'l Henry Dodge, afterwards United States Senator from Wisconsin, was the first U. S. Marshal for the district. The Court was held in an old French house, south-west corner of Walnut and Second Streets. Judge Peck died, unmarried, Saturday, April 30, 1836, in this county, opposite St. Charles, after an illness of many weeks, contracted while on his re- turn from holding a term of the District Court at Jefferson City. He was buried the next day, Sunday, May 1st. He left a will, a brother, Isham T. Peck, adminis- tered on his estate May 17, 1836. MR. EDWARD TRACY, SEN ? R, from New York with a stock of merchandise, ar- rived in St. Louis in 1818, and opened his goods in Dent & Rearick's store, Sept. 4th. In May, 1820, he entered into partnership with Charles Wahrendorff, then established in Chenie's new brick building No. 4 North Main St., the style of the firm " Tracy & Wahrendorff." They were partners exceeding eleven years, until the death of 300 BIOGRAPHICAL. Mr. Wahrendorff in 1831, when Mr. Tracy associ- ated with him his nephew, Alfred Tracy, as com- mission merchants. In 1851, he was appointed by Mayor Kennett City Auditor of St. Louis, and in 1852 re-appointed to the same office. In the winter of 1820-21 Mr. Tracy was married at the residence of Frederick Dent, Esq'r, in Gra- vois, to Miss Mary Ann, daughter of Capt. John Nelson, of Louisville, Ky. Mr. Tracy died in November, 1852, at the age of 71 years. Mrs. Tracy had died in 1849 at the age of 48 years. Their children were : Charles F., married Sophia Morton. Edward IS"., to Zoe Papin, both deceased. Henry W., died unmarried. John N., died unmarried in 1854. Augustus E., deceased, married to Celeste Pratte. William, to Miss Sloan. Alfred, died young, One daughter married lives in New York. ALFRED TRACY, born May 19, 1802, nephew of Edward Tracy, came to St. Louis a young man, and for a time was a clerk with his uncle, and afterwards a partner. He married at St. Charles, May 22, 1828, Miss Sarah Stoddard, sister of Mrs. Ed- FREDERICK DENT, SR. 301 ward Charless, who died without children July 1, 1833, and secondly Miss Ellen, the eldest daughter of George Morton, Esq. Mr. Alfred Tracy died Jan'y 4, 1860, aged 57 years 8 months. FREDERICK DENT, SR., was born in Maryland in the year 1786, and lived for some years in Pittsburgh, where he married. He came to St. Louis early in 1818, associated with George Rearick as merchants, and they com- menced business on July 1st of that year, in a new frame house, one of three just erected by the estate of Wm. Smith, on the west side of Main just below Chestnut Street. Houses being difficult to obtain, he procured a couple of rooms in the residence of his old Pittsburgh friend, McNair, where he passed the winter of 181819 with his family, and where his second son, Geo. W., was born. In 1819 he obtained the old Delaunay stone house, south-west corner of Main and Olive Streets. In June, 1820, he purchased from Theodore Hunt, 200 arpents of land, part of the old Mackey tract, with a good house and well improved, and his partnership with Rearick being dissolved, he re- moved into the country with his young family, where the balance of his children were born, and where he resided for more than 25 years. 302 BIOGRAPHICAL. Mr. Dent was married to Miss Ellen Brey, at Pittsburgh about the year 1816. She died in Feb- ruary, 1857, at the age of 60 years. Their children were : John Dent, born in Pittsburgh in 1817, twice married. George Wrenshall D., at St. Louis, 1818-19, married Oct. 14, 1841, to Mary Isabella Shurlds. Lewis, born at Gravois, 1823 ; died March 23, 1874, aged 51 years. Frederick, Jr.* Julia D., married to U. S. Grant, U. S. Army, Sept. 10, 1848. Nellie, to Dr. Alexander Sharp, Feb'y 7, 1854. Emma, to James Casey, Feb. 14, 1861. Frederick Dent, Sr., died at the President's house, in Washington, on Dec. 15, 1873, at the age of 87 years. His remains were brought to .St. Louis, accompanied by his son-in-law, Pres't Grant, and interred in Bellefontaine Cemetery. W. BOGGS, came to St. Louis early in 1816, and on May 1st, in partnership with Thomas Hanly, commenced business in Clark's row on Main Street, opposite McKnight & Brady. On September the 30th, he was elected the first Cashier of the new bank of Missouri. * A graduate of West Point, Second Lieut. 6th Infantry, July 1, 1843, Lieut. Col. 5th Artillery, Dec. 15, 1870. COL. LUKE E. LAWLESS. 303 July 21, 1817, he married Miss Julia Ann, the eldest daughter of Judge Silas Bent, Sr. Shortly after his marriage he resigned his position as Cashier, and removed to the Boons-lick country, Old Franklin, Howard County, just organized, and to which there was a great rush at this time. Here he lived many years, became a prominent politician, filling various important offices, and in 1836 was elected the fifth Governor of our State. His wife died in Sept., 1820, a young woman of but nineteen. COL. LUKE E. LAWLESS. A Dublin paper of November 7, 1846, has the following of him : Born in 1781. At an early age he entered the British Navy, serving under Sir Sidney Smith. In 1802 he returned to Dublin and commenced his studies. In 1805 he was called to the bar, and practiced for a time. In 1810 he passed over to France and entered the French service under his uncle Gen 1 ! William Law- less. Appointed the military secretary of Gen'l Clark, Due of Feltre, and promoted to Colonel. On the return of Napoleon from Elba, he read the address of congratulation from his Regiment to the Emperor. After the final defeat of Napoleon in 1815, he came to the United States and adopted his former profession of law, coming to St. Louis in 1816-17. 304: BIOGRAPHICAL. After the resignation of Judge Wm. C. Carr from the bench of the Circuit Court, Luke E. Lawless was appointed to succeed him by Governor Dunklin, and took his seat at the March term, 1834. Col. Lawless was married to the Baroness De Greuhm, the widow of the Baron De Greuhm, the Prussian Minister, at Washington, at Georgetown, District of Columbia, in May, 1825, by whom he had an only child, a daughter who lived to become a young woman, and then died, I think at 17 or 18 years. He died in St. Louis, Sept. 12, 1846, aged 65 years. WILLIAM GLASGOW, was born at Christine, near Wilmington, Delaware, in the year 1787. When a young man, was employed at the Brandy- wine Flour Mills. His health being somewhat delicate, he made a voyage to Cadiz, Spain, where he was employed for some years in the office of the United States consul. In March, 1815, was at Bordeaux, France, on his return to thelJ. S. In 1817 he came to St. Louis, one of the firm of "Porter, Glasgow & Nlvin," who opened their stock of goods on May 10th in Papin's old stone store, next to Kibby's hotel. In 1818 he went to Belleville, Illinois, where he was in business for five vears. In 1823 he removed WM. GLASGOW, SR. 305 to Herculaneum, Jefferson County, Mo., where he was engaged in business and lead mining. In 1827 he removed to St. Louis, where he was engaged in business until 1841, a part of the time of the firm of Ross & Glasgow. In 1846 he was appointed by Mayor Peter G. Camden, City Treasurer of St. Louis, which office he held for seven successive years, under Mayors Camden, Mullanphy, Krum, Barry and Kennett. Subsequently Mr. Glasgow resided in the country near the residence of his son-in-law, Jefferson K. Clark, where he died. Mr. Glasgow was married at Belleville, Illinois, "Nov'r 19, 1818, to Miss Sarah, daughter of Edward Mitchell, and died near St. Louis, April 8, 1876, in his 89th year. Mrs. Glasgow, born in Virginia June 16, 1801, died in St. Louis County March 31, 1883, in her 82nd year. Their children are : Edward James, born June 7, 1820, married Har- riet Clark Kennedy, Oct. 26, 1856. William Henry, born Feb. 19, 1822, married first Mary Wright, Oct. 22, 1850, married secondly Miss Charlotte !N". Fales in 1860. Eleanor Ann, born May 1, 1824, married Geo. K. H. Clark, March 30, 1841. Mary Susan, born Nov. 19, 1828, married Jeffer- son K. Clark, Aug't 8, 1849. Two other sons, Charles and John P., died in infancy. 20 306 BIOGRAPHICAL. Wm. Glasgow, Sen'r's, grandchildren: Julien K. and Win. Jefferson, sons of Edward J. Glasgow. Ed. J., Jr., Jefferson Clark, Anita D. and Mary Susan, children of Wm. H. Glasgow. John O'Fallon Clark ; Julia, wife of Robert Voorhies; Ellen, wife of Wm. Lauderdale, and Seddie, deceased, children of George R. H. Clark, deceased. JAMES CLEMENS, JR., MERCHANT, son of Jeremiah Clemens, was born in Danville, Kentucky, Oct. 29, 1791; at an early age was a clerk in the store of Mr. Bell in that town. In October, 1811, he went to Sparta, Tennessee, where he was engaged in business with his uncle, James Clemens, of Huntsville, Alabama. In April, 1815, he came to Ste. Genevieve, and in April, 1816, came to St. Louis. July 26 he opened his goods on Main Street, oppo- site the Post-office, in Sept. he removed to Wm. Smith's house (No. 7 North Main Street), and in 1819, on the completion of Manual Lisa's two new brick stores, Nos. 17 and 19 North Main, he re- moved, into No. 17, between Mullanphy and Yon Phul, where he was for a number of years. In 1836 he was' at No. 4 North Main, in Chenie's three-story brick. In 1846 he retired from business with an ample competency. In 1852 his residence and office was at No. 98 Market, above 3rd. CHARLES CHAMBERS. 307 In 1854 his office No. 32 North 3rd, his residence in the country. Mr. James Clemens was married on January 10, 1833, to Miss Eliza, seventh and youngest daughter of John Mullanphy, Esq'r. She died at her country residence, six miles from the city, Aug't 20, 1853, and Mr. Clemens, who survived his wife twenty-four years, at his residence on Cass Avenue, January 12, 1878, in his 87th year. Their children were three sons and three daugh- ters. James B. Clemens, married, died shortly after his father. Bryan M. and William J. Mrs. C. J. Gates. Mrs. Ellen J. Clemens. Mrs. Alice B. ~Von Yersen, residing in Europe. CHARLES CHAMBERS, ESQ 5 R, was born in Dublin, Ireland, in the year 1784. "His father, John Chambers, was one of the ' ' oldest stationers and publishers of that City, a "member of the order of 'United Irishmen,' who " made themselves odious to the British govern- " ment, and with sixteen others, were arrested in "1798, and confined as prisoners of State, in Fort "George, Scotland, then banished from the couu- " try and sent to Germany, but soon finding their " way to Paris, and thence to Bordeaux. And in a "short time afterwards, Thomas Addis Emrnett, 308 BIOGRAPHICAL. " John Chambers, Doct. McNevin, Doct. Cum- " mings, and others were landed at New York. "Here John Chambers opened a publishing " house in Wall Street." Charles Chambers rejoined his father in New York in 1803, and was with him in business until 1817, in which year he was married by Bishop Con- elly to Miss Jane, the third daughter of John Mul- lanphy, Esq. In the winter of 1818-19 Mr. Chambers and his young family went around by sea to New Orleans, and on February 1st, 1819, left there on the steamer Washington, Capt. Henry M. Shreve, the first boat from New Orleans to St. Louis, where they landed on March 1st, 1819. Mr. Chambers began at once the improvement of the tract of land given to his wife by her father, by the erection of a house, and which in time, by his untiring industry he converted into a splendid farm, on which he resided for many years, and where all his children were born. In the year 1846 he removed to the city where he continued to reside until his death late in 1861, aged about 77 years. Their children were six daughters and four sons : Margaret F., who married Commodore Win. Smith, U. S. Navy, dec'd. Ellen, married Capt. Joseph H. Lamotte, U. S. A. Eliza B., married Thomas B. Hudson, dec'd. Jane J., married B. Franklin Thomas, dec'd. CAPT. GABRIEL R. PAUL. 309 Anne B., married Geo. W. Thatcher. Mary, married first, Mr. Waters ; secondly, James Larkin, both dec'd. John H. Chambers, now deceased. Bart. M., married a daughter of Ed. Walsh. Thomas B., a Catholic clergyman. Owen, who died unmarried in 1854. OAPT. GABRIEL HIV AT PAUL, continued in business in Baltimore until 1816, when he followed his brother Rene to St. Louis. On March 30, 1817, he was married to Miss Marie Louise, the second daughter of Col. Augustus Chou- teau. She died Oct. 24, 1832, at the age of 33 years, leaving one son and two daughters. The oldest daughter, Estelle Felicite, born July 21, 1821, was married May 23, 1843, to Richard W. Ulrici. She died in 1883, and Ulrici Aug't 23, 1886, leaving no children. The second daughter, Theresa L., born March 18, 1829, married George R. Taylor, August 9, 1846. She died in 1873, and Mr. Taylor in 1880, leaving three sons and five daughters, some of whom are married. Their only son, Adolph Paul, born January 9th, 1824, was twice married, first on January 24, 1855, to Miss Mary, daughter of Mrs. Eugenie and the late John W. Reel, dec'd. This lady lived but a few years after her marriage, dying and leaving but a son named as his father, Adolph. After 310 BIOGRAPHICAL. remaining a widower for a number of years, Mr. Paul married a second wife, Miss Virginia Menkens, who survives him with one daughter. He died in March, 1882, at the age of 58 years. Capt. Gabriel Paul had executed his will on Sept. 23, 1845, and died shortly afterwards, aged about 68 years. MAJOR THOS. FLOYD SMITH, U. S. A., was a native of Kentucky and served in the Rifle Corps. On November 24, 1825, he was married to Maria Antoinette Emily, the third daughter of Col. Augus- tus Chouteau, who was born on April 14, 1802, and died June 5, 1842, at the age of 40 years, and her husband, Major Smith, in December, 1843, eighteen months after his wife. . Their surviving children are : Louis Chouteau Smith, born in 1827, married in 1853. Thomas Floyd Smith, born Sept. 30, 1831, mar- ried. Philomena, born Nov'r 24, 1836, married to Major Charles F. Larned, Paymas. U. S. Army, now deceased. EDWARD RENE CHOUTEAU, the fourth son of Col. Augustus Chouteau, born March 30, 1807, died unmarried May 15, 1846, aged 39 years. DOCT. HERMAN L. HOFFMAN. 311 WILLIAM RENSHAW, born in Baltimore in the year 1792, came to St. Louis in 1818, of the firm of Renshaw & Hoff- man, merchants here for some years. He was married Feb'y 3, 1820, at Chesterfield, St. Louis County, to Miss Phebe Ann Eliza, daughter of Mr. Joseph Klein, from Caatskill, New York. He was for many years the efficient Book- keeper of the Fur house of Peter Chouteau, Jr., & Co., and long engaged in the Insurance business. He died at Fulton, Callaway Co., Mo., March 14, 1864, aged 72 years, leaving a number of chil- dren. One of his sons is Wm. Renshaw, of Baltimore, father of Morrison Renshaw of this place. DOCT. HERMAN LAIDLY HOFFMAN, was born Oct. 17, 1796, in Westchester County, New York, and received a superior education. He left New York a Physician in the fall of 1819, opened a drug store in St. Louis, and practiced his profession. On March 14, 1822, he was married to Miss Char- lotte Klein, second daughter of Mr. Joseph Klein, from Caatskill, New York. He was engaged in the Apothecary and drug busi- ness for a number of years, and in 1852 we find him in the Insurance agency business. Subsequently he had a large vineyard at Cleveland, Ohio, and still 312 BIOGRAPHICAL. later a mill and distillery at Peoria, Illinois, associ- ated with Chas. P. Billon. After a number of years absence from St. Louis. Doct. Hoffman returned to tbe place about the year 1874, and shortly afterwards was married to the widow of Henry S. Geyer, her third husband. He died November 5, 1878, at the age of 82 years, and was interred from Christ Church, of which he had been a member from its first organi- zation. His widow, who survived him about seven years, died in October, 1885, at the age of 81 years, with- out children from either marriage. LUCIEN DUMAINE, MERCHANT, was born at Baignes, Department of Charente, ancient Angoumois, France, March 25, 1800, came to St. Louis about the year 1819, and was first em- ployed as a clerk at Berthold & Chouteau's store, with whom he remained for a number of years, and then went into business himself, associated for a time in the Dry-goods line, in 1835-6 with A. R. Bouis, a nephew of his wife. He married Oct. 30, 1820, Miss Julia O., daugh- ter of Antoine Vincent Bouis, Sr., then deceased, who like himself had come to this place from France. They had a large family of children, to the number of ten, most of whom died young. Their oldest daughter, Julia, married Robert Darst, Sept. 6, 1837. PEKDKEAUVILLE FAMILY. 313 Another daughter, Octavia, married Emanuel Alexander Lesueur, May 28, 1840. And a third, Virginia, married to Charles Mario w, April 21, 1852. An only living son, Bernard Dumaine, is yet a resident of St. Louis. Mr. Lucien Dumaine died at Farmington, St. Francois County, April 13, 1875, at the age of 75 years. PERDREAUVILLE FAMILY. Amongst the large number that the abdication of Napoleon in 1815 drove from France, was this family, consisting of Rene Perdreauville, Sr., his wife, two sons Rene and Leon, and two daughters, young ladies grown, well educated in Paris and accomplished. They came to the United States and in the summer of 1818 found their way to St. Louis. Mr. P. had filled some official station in the household of the Emperor. In September, 1818, Mrs. Perdreauville, assisted by her daughters, opened an Academy for young ladies, gave lessons in music, and dancing was taught by Mr. Durocher, a professor of that art, who was engaged for that duty. On November 18, 1819, the oldest daughter, Miss Marie Antoinette Adele Perdreauville, was married to John Pierre Gratiot, a son of Charles Gratiot,. Sr., deceased. 314 BIOGKAPHICAL. Ill 1820 Mr. P., with his wife, sons and other daughter, removed to New Orleans, where the second daughter married. OAPT. SULLIVAN BLOOD was born in Windsor, Vermont, April 24, 1795. In 1815, when 20 years of age, he made his way to Olean, Cattaraugas Cy., 1ST. J., then down the Allegheny and Ohio rivers to St. Louis, stopping at various places, which he reached early in 1818, and was Deputy Constable with Jabez Warner for several years. In 1823 paid a visit to his home in Vermont, and there married Miss Sophia Hall. He was an early Steamboat Captain in the New Orleans trade. For many years a Director and then President of the Boatman's Bank. Capt. Blood died Nov'r 27, 1875, in his 81st year, leaving his widow, one son Henry, a married daugh- ter Mrs. Sloss, and one single, Miss Anne Louise. COL. CHARLES KEEMLE was born in Philadelphia in the year 1800. When quite young, his mother, a widow, removed to Norfolk, Virginia, where he learnt the print- ing business, and came to St. Louis in August, 1817. WILLIAM G. PETTUS. 315 * He was a journeyman printer for several years with Isaac ^NT. Henry on the Enquirer newspaper, of which Benton was then Editor. In 1829 he joined Major Joshua Pilcher's trading and trapping expedition to the Rocky Mountains, was in Gen'l Ashley's fight with the Arickarees in 1823, and participated in other encounters with the Indians. After an absence of five years Mr. Keemle returned to St. Louis and resumed his business of printing, in which he was engaged for the remainder of his life, at times alone, and at times with others in conducting several papers. In 1854 Mr. Keemle was elected Recorder of St. Louis County, succeeding Stephen D. Barlow. This office Mr. K. held for seven years, until 1861, at same time extensively engaged in his printing with Samuel Hager. In 1833 Mr. Keemle was married to Miss Mary Oliver of this city. He died Sept. 29, 1865, at the age of 65 years, leaving a widow, son and daugh- ter, now residing somewhere on the Pacific slope. WILLIAM GRYMES PETTUS, was born in Mecklenburg County, Virginia, Dec'r 31, 1794, the second son of William and Elizabeth Pettus. In 1812, at the age of 18 years, he served as a volunteer, and soon afterwards was appointed deputy clerk of Lunenburg County, Virginia. 316 BIOGRAPHICAL. In May, 1818, he arrived in St. Louis, having ridden from Virginia on horseback, and in June was selected by Col. Alexander Mcl^air, Register of the United States Land Office, for his principal assistant having charge of the office. In June, 1820, he was chosen Secretary of the Convention that adopted the State Constitution, and in the same year the newly elected Governor of the State, Alex'r McISTair, appointed him his private Secretary. The seat of government being established at St. Charles in 1821, Mr. Pettus removed to that place, being appointed Clerk of the Supreme and Chancery Courts, and in 1822 by Gov'r Mc^Tair, Secretary of State. In 1824 he acted as Secretary of the State Senate, and in 1825 was appointed by Gov'r Frederick Bates, Judge of the Probate Court, serving two years, 1825 and 1826. In 1827, being tired of public office, he went into business in St. Charles, in which he was engaged foi a number of years, during which he served as State Senator in 1832 and '33. In 1834 he removed to St. Louis and was engaged in Mercantile and Banking business until 1842, when he was appointed Secretary of the Floating Dock Insurance Comp., and in 1855 Secretary of the United States Insurance Company until 1862, when ill-health compelled him to resign > being then (38 years of age. Mr. Pettus died Dec'r 25, 1867, aged 73 year?. CAPT. ARCHIBALD GAMBLE. 317 Wm. G. Pettus was married on Dec'r 31, 1826, at St. Charles, to Miss Caroline R., daughter of Major James Morrison of that place. Their chil- dren were : Emily J., deceased. Martha A., Mrs. Charles Parsons. Caroline Eliza, deceased. Euphrasie A., Mrs. Robert B. Mackay. Wm. H. H. Pettus married to Miss Mary A. Saugrain, and Joseph M. Pettus. CAPT. ARCHIBALD GAMBLE, was born in Winchester, Frederick Co., Virginia, in 1791-92. ' He came to St. Louis early in 181(3, bred to the law. In 1817 was a Clerk for about a year in the first Bank of St. Louis, then for a short time an assistant to M. P. Leduc, Clerk of the Circuit Court, David Barton being Circuit Judge. In 1818 he was appointed by Gov'r Wm. Clark, Clerk of the Circuit Court for St. Louis, which office he held for eighteen years, until 1836, when the office having been made elective by the Legisla- ture, General John F. Ruland, who came from Detroit, was elected to succeed him. In the eighteen years he had held the office, Mr. Gamble had acquired a competency of this world's goods. In 1822 he was married to Miss Louisa, the third 318 BIOGRAPHICAL. daughter of Col. Rufns Eastern, by whom he had a number of children. He was for a long period the agent of the public schools, but for the last 20 years he lived in retire- ment, having abundant means. He died Sept., 1866, aged 75 years, leaving three married . daughters, Mrs. Charles Gibson, Mrs. Doct. Page and Mrs. Clarkson, and several sons. HAMILTON ROWAX GAMBLE, the youngest of seven, bom N~ov'r 29, 1798, at the same place, was educated at Hampden-Sidney Col- lege. At 18 years of age, in 1816, he was admitted to practice. Before he was 21, in 1818, he had been licensed in three States: Virginia, Tennessee and Missouri. He was for a short time a deputy clerk under his brother Archibald, and then removed to old Frank- lin, Howard County, where he commenced practice. In 1824 appointed by Gov'r F. Bates, Se6. of State, at Bates' death in 1825, he settled in St. Louis. In 1846 he was sent to the Legislature to revise the Laws. In 1851 elected a Judge of the Supreme Court, his health. led him to resign in 1855. In 1858 he removed to Philadelphia to educate his children . In July, 1861, was chosen provisional Governor. Gov'r Gamble was married in 1827 at Columbia, South Carolina, to Miss Caroline J. Coulter, sister of Mrs. Edward Bates. He died Jan'y 31, 1864, at 66 years of age. P. M. DILLON. 319 PATRICK MACMASTERS DILLON, MERCHANT, was born of a good family at Newtown Liniavaddy, County Londonderry, Ireland, on March 17, 1790, hence his baptismal name, Patrick. When a young man of seventeen, he participated in the rebellion of 1807 against the government, in which he held the rank of a commissioned officer, he escaped from the island in a fishing boat, and* found safety on board a trading vessel, following the sea for two years. In 1809 he came to the United States, and settled first at Philadelphia, where he was engaged in the lumber business in the employment of Mr. Richard Price, a Quaker gentleman, for many years exten- sively engaged in that business. In 1813-14 Mr. Dillon removed to Pittsburgh, and went into the lumber business on his own account, in which he was engaged for several years, and then removed to St. Louis with a newly purchased stock of Dry-goods, Groceries, Wines and Liquors, which he opened Jan'y 18, 1817, at the house of Major P. Chouteau, Sr., North Main Street. 1817, April 5, P. M. Dillon removed to the old stand of Theodore Hunt, in Papin's old stone house. 1818, May 15, P. M. Dillon has just received his new stock of Merchandise at his new stand, lately occupied by Joseph Wiggan, opposite the Bank of St. Louis. Mr. Dillon continued in active business as a 320 BIOGRAPHICAL. Merchant until the admission of Missouri as a State, and the incorporation of the City in 1822-23, when he relinquished mercantile business and turned his attention to real estate. He laid out several addi- tions to St. Louis on lands he had purchased with that view; his last being Dillon's fourth addition in 1840 on a large tract he had purchased from Fred- erick Dent in Jan'y, 1836, part of the old Mackay tract a.djoining the old Town. Mr. Dillon was twice married : First, in October, 1818, in St. Charles County, to Miss Anne T., sister of Doct. Nash of that county. She died in 1834, leaving two married daughters, Mrs. Doct. Charles Stevens, Sr., and the first wife of Capt. James B. Eads, deceased. He married his second wife, Miss Eliza Jane Eads, of Kentucky, Jan'y 26, 1836, and died at his resi- dence on Dillon Street Jan'y 21, 1851, in his sixty- first year, leaving by his second wife, who still sur- vives him, one daughter and two sons. Eliza, wife of Count de la Yaulx, residing in Paris, France. Arthur, who died a young man, unmarried, and John A., who married a daughter of ]N~eree Yalle, with a large family of children. RICHARD K. DOWLING, born in Waterford, on the Suir, in Minister, Ireland, came to the United States in Sept., 1806, with his wife and son Dick, then about four months old, and THOMAS HANLY. 321 soon afterwards moved out to Lexington, Ky., where he remained about ten years. In the spring of 1817 he came to St. Louis, where he lived about a year and died here May 11, 1818. His widow survived him thirty-two years and died Dec'r 3, 1850. Their sons were Richard, born May 8, 1806, now in his eighty-third year. And Joseph, who died in 1857. A third son died young. THOMAS HANLY, MERCHANT, came to St. Louis early in 1816, being a partner of Lilburn W. Boggs. June 7th, commenced business here in McKnight & Brady's new brick building, southwest corner Main and Pine (the south one afterwards No. 42). 1817, purchased from P. L. Cerre for $7,000 the square of ground (afterwards Block 15) between Main and the river, and Green and Oak Streets, and built on the IS". E. corner of it a large brick building for business. 1818, Feb. 13, sold his interest in " Boggs & Hanty " to his partner, L. "W. Boggs, to enable him to build. Dissolved partnership. Dec. 1, removed to his new brick building, where he was at the date of his death. Thomas Hanly died Oct. 26, 1822, leaving his widow Mary C. and six children, Sarah, John, Washington, Lucy, Mary and Cornelia. 21 322 BIOGKAPHICAL. i THE BROTHERS WIGGINS, were three in number. Stephen R., the first, came here in 1816, about December, with a stock of Merchandise from New York, and opened in Jan'y, 1817, next to Matthew Kerr's store, on Main below Myrtle, in the summer moved two blocks further up into one of Chouteau's new frames below Walnut. About 1819-20 he changed his business and be- came an Exchange Broker. He was unmarried, and left our place about the year 1823. Samuel Wiggins came here next, about 1819-20, and established here the Horse-team Ferry Boat across the Mississippi, from the foot of Oak Street, which he brought around from Cincinnati where he had built it, and which commenced running in May, 1820. If a married man at that day, his family must have lived in Cincinnati, as they never lived in St. Louis. These two Wiggins kept house together for a time in Thos. Brady's old stone dwelling, then numbered 164, next below the Missouri hotel. William C. Wiggins, a third brother, came out afterwards to take charge of the Ferry and Boat, after it had got into successful operation, and was chief manager for many years. And when disposed of by Sam'l Wiggins, in 1828, to a joint stock com- pany, he became a stockholder in the company for SAMUEL B. WIGGINS. 323 an eighth, which at the period of his death he had increased to three-eighths. Mr. W. Wiggins came here a married man from the State of New York with his wife and her sister, Miss Berrian, who was afterwards married to Mr. Arthur Ingram, of the firm of Ingram & Reilly of this place. During the 25 years that Mr. Wiggins was in charge of the Ferry Boat, his whole time was devoted to the interests of the association, accumu- lating a handsome fortune. He died in Dec., 1853, leaving by will his whole estate in equal parts to his four sons, Sam'l B., Edward C., Charles and Will- iam, his wife having died before him. His son, Edward, died unmarried in April, 1862, leaving his property to the children of his older brother Samuel. SAMUEL B. WIGGINS, eldest son of Wm. C., was married May 3, 1838, to Miss Mary Wilson, of Philadelphia. He died in July, 1868. His widow survived him seventeen years, and died July 25, 1885. Their four children were : Jane, married to Franklin Ridgeley, from Bal- timore. Laura, married Rev'd Mr. Rhodes, of Cincinnati, deceased. Julia, married Mr. Taylor, of New York. William, the only son, died unmarried. 324: BIOGKAPHICAL. CHARLES WIGGINS third son of Wm. Sen., married Virginia J., daughter of Capt. Charles Mullikin. COL. THORNTON GRIMSLEY, was born in Kentucky August 3, 1798, and came to St. Louis in the year 1817, with John Jacoby, with whom he was learning the Saddlery and Har- ness business. In 1821 he formed a copartnership with William Stark, his brother-in-law, in that line of business, under the style of "Grimsley & Stark," which continued .but for a short time. Wm. Stark died July 23. 1822, and Mr. Grimsley carried on the business alone for a number of years, subse- quently associating with him in 1835 his former ap- prentice, John Young, and in 1844 his son-in-law, George L. Stansbury, and son, John T. Grimsley. During his long business life Mr. Grimsley was a prominent and popular citizen. In 1820 he was married in Indiana to Miss Susan Stark, and died in St. Louis Dec'r 21, 1861, aged 63 years, 4 months and 18 days. Mrs. Grimsley, born !N"ov'r 5, 1799, died Sept. 7, 1861, aged 61 years and 10 months. Their children were : Minerva, born July 5th, 1821, wife of Henry T. Blow. She died June 29, 1870, aged 49 years. JOHN YOUNG. 325 Lucretia, married to George L. Stansbury, Nov'r 23, 1841. Stansbuiy died June 25, 1876, aged 60 years, 6 months. John T. Grimsley, born in 1823, and died Jan'y 25, 1881, aged 58 years. He was twice married, first, to Virginia Allen, born in St. Louis in 1839, and died in May, 1861, aged 21 years and 6 months, and secondly, to Martha Ann Elbert, born Aug't 12, 1832, and died April 3, 1867, aged 35 years. YOUNG, son of "Win. Young and Mary Rutledge, was born in Bourbon County, Ky., Oct. 25, 1814. His parents removed to Missouri in the fall of 1816, when he was two years old, and settled on the Coldwater Creek in St. Ferdinand Township, St. Louis County. His father died about the year 1823, when he was about 7 years of age, his mother then removed to St. Louis. In 1829, at the age of fifteen, he was apprenticed to Thornton Grimsley to learn the trade of Saddler and Harness maker. In 1835, at the age 'of 21, he was associated with Mr. Grimsley as "John Young & Co.," No. 37 North Main, Saddlers. In 1842 the firm expired, from which period until the present Mr. Young has continued in the busi- ness alone, for 46 years, for many years at the northeast corner of Market and Main, and latterly 326 BIOGRAPHICAL. at the southwest corner of the same, where he con- tinues until the present time. Mr. Young was twice married, first in 1842 in 'New Orleans to Miss Julia Wilcox, and secondly to Miss Emily, daughter of Lewis Newell, formerly of St. Louis. JAMES RUSSELL, ESQ., was born in Rockbridge County, Virginia, Feb. 29, 1786. He removed to Missouri about the time of the adoption of the State Constitution, and settled at Jackson, Cape Girardeau County, where he estab- lished a paper, which he published for some years. Here his first wife died, and he removed to St. Louis about the year 1826, and purchased the tract of land known as Oak-hill, improved by the late Thos. C. Rector, upon which he resided until his death. Mr. Russell was twice married. First, in Virginia, to Miss O'Bannon, whose children were : A son, Joseph W., who died in Cape Girardeau, leaving a family, and a daughter, Martha, who was the second wife of Jno. B. Sarpy. On Sept. 29, 1826, Mr. Russell was married to Miss Lucy, the second daughter of Silas Bent, Esq'r, Clerk of the County Court. By this lady Mr. Russell left two sons : Jno. G. and Charles S., both married men, and two daughters, Mrs. Trumbull G. Russell and Mrs. Geo. W. Parker. ROBERT COLLET. 327 James Russell died at Oak-hill, May 3, 1850, aged 64 years, and Mrs. Russell, March 2, 1871. THE COLLET FAMILY, was English from the Isle of Man. John Collet born in 1751 was married to Ann in 1782. Their children were Robert, born in 1783, and Thomas. ROBERT COLLET, the eldest son, came to St. Louis first in 1817, with a large stock of merchandise, furnished him by the old Philadelphia house of " Guy Bryan & Wm. Schlatter, at 223 High Street, and well known throughout the West.'-' He purchased a lot on South Main St., built a large brick house, and opened his store early in 1818. In 1819-20, having disposed of his merchandise and property in St. Louis, he removed to Illinois. After an absence from St. Louis of several years, during which he married a lady by the name of Sophia Catherine Austin, he returned to St. Louis, where he continued to reside until his death in Sept., 1846, at the age of 63 years. His widow survived him a number of years. Their children are : Oscar, born in 1821, married to Miss Dunlop, with several children. Emma, born in 1824, married to Thos. Mark Taylor in August, 1847. 328 BIOGRAPHICAL. Robert, Jr., married, with a large family, lives in Utah Territory. THOMAS COLLET, second son, was in business with Michael Daly here in 1818, dissolved partnership with Daly in 1819, and associated with Benj. Seward in 1820, and con- tinued with S. until after 1821 ; until then unmar- ried. A1STST COLLET, SR., the widow above, was living in Madison Cy., 111., in 1817. In the year 1820 she purchased a house in St. Louis, and moved here where she continued to reside until her death in March, 1841, at an ad- vanced age. DOCT. SAMUEL MERRY came to St. Louis in the year 1820. In May, 1821, we find him associated with Doct. W. Carr Lane in the practice of their profession, which he followed during his residence here. In the year 1829 he was appointed by Pres't Andrew Jackson, to the position of Receiver of Public Moneys for the land district of St. Louis,* which office he held during the incumbency of Presidents Jackson and Yan Buren. He resided for some years in St. Louis County, * Succeeding Col. Geo. F. Strother JAMES C. ESSEX. 329 and subsequently removed to Muscatine, Iowa, where he resided until his death, well advanced in years, about the close of 1864. THOMAS ESSEX AND CHAS. E. BEY1STROTH, from Lexington, Ky., opened in St. Louis in April, 1820, in the Book, Stationery and Binding business. In 1821 Mr. Daniel Hough purchased the interest of Mr. Beynroth, and the style of the firm was changed to Essex & Hough. Mr. T. Essex died Dec'r 12, 1827, leaving but one son, Wm. T. Essex. His widow was married to her second husband, Doct. Thos. Houghan, Oct. 18, 1828, who purchased the business and carried it on for a number of years, afterwards, about the year 1851, they re- moved to Illinois. JAMES C. ESSEX, a relative of Thomas Essex, came to St. Louis about the year 1825, and was for many years engaged in the business of book-binding, at first in connection with the Book-house of Thomas Essex, and sub- sequently for many years alone. He still resides with us at nearly four score years of age. 330 BIOGRAPHICAL. HOKATIO COZENS, was born in Philadelphia, Jan'y 13, 1795, a son of Doct. Win. Cozens, of Philadelphia, and Charlotte Nicholas, who were married in that city on January 2, 1794. Of his father's family we know but little. On his mother's side he was a grandson of Major Louis Nicholas, of the British Army, and his second wife, Jane Bishop, of Kinsale, Ireland, who were married in April, 1760, and came immediately to America where her daughter Charlotte was born in Philadel- phia, Feb. 9, 1761. Mrs. Nicholas died in Phil'a, Feb. 20, 1797, and her daughter, Mrs. Cozens, in Washington City in 1831, at the age of 70 years. Doct. Cozens had removed to the District of Co- lumbia. Horatio Cozens came to St. Louis about 1816-17. In the few years that he lived after coming to St. Louis, having received an excellent education, Mr. Cozens soon became a prominent member of our bar, for his legal knowledge and eloquence. He was married on November 24, 1818, to Miss Anne Caroline, the youngest daughter of Charles Sanguinet, Sr., and died July 14, 1826, at the early age of 31 years and 6 months,* leaving but one son, Wm. H. Cozens, born May 15, 1820, and a * Murdered by young French Strother, who fled to Texas, and escaped. GEORGE MORTON. 331 daughter Marie, who died a few years since, the wife of Doct. Hereford, of Ferguson Station. Mr. Horatio Cozens' widow survived him many years. She died on January 1, 1884, in her 84th year. GEORGE MORTON, born in Scotland, December 25, 1790, lived for some time in Pittsburgh, Penn'a. He married Miss Margaret Morrison, in Allegheny City, and came to St. Louis with his family in 1818, and entered into partnership with Philip Rocheblave, as Car- penters and Builders. About the year 1823 he formed a connection with Joseph C. Laveille in the same line, which continued for some ten years until 1834, from which period Mr. Morton's business was speculating in Town lots, of which he purchased and sold a large number. Their five daughters were : Ellen, married first to Alfred Tracy, and secondly to Doct. Meredith Martin. Margaret M., married to "Win. P. Harrison, of Hannibal, Missouri; died Feb'y 27, 1852, aged 33 years. Mary Smith, married to Edwin C. Sloan, St. Louis. Christiana, married to Joseph S. Sloan, St. Louis. Sophia, married to Charles F. Tracy, St. Louis. And one son, Peter G., who died unmarried in New Orleans, Sept. 9, 1853, aged 26 years. 332 BIOGRAPHICAL. George Morton, died in St. Louis Jan'y 9, 1865, aged 74 years. Mrs. Margaret Morton, died Ang't 21, 1859, aged 65 years. WILLIAM MORRISON, brother-in-law and partner of George Morton, born at Pittsburgh, Penn'a, April 29, 1810, came to St. Louis with him in 1818, a lad of eight years. He married Mary Ann Coleman, who was born June 8, 1822, and died Dec'r 29, 1852, at the age of 30 years, leaving two children. Mr. William Morrison died in October, 1884, aged 74 years and 6 months. Their two children were : A son, John, who died a married man. And daughter, Margaret E., who was married to Hugh Davis Morrison, of Pittsburgh, deceased in July, 1874, leaving three children, a daughter now married, and two sons. CHARLES P. BILLOW, SR., the second son of Jean David Billon and Marguerite Robert, was born in the Town of Locle, Canton of Neufchatel and Valangin, Switzerland, on January 10, 1766. His ancestors were French Huguenots, that had left France at the revocation of the Edict of Nantes by Louis 14th. CHARLES BILLON, SR. 333 In 1787, at the age of twenty-one years, having acquired the profession of a Watch-maker, he came to Paris, where he remained nearly four years, dur- ing which he witnessed those exciting occurrences, which preceded the breaking out of the French Revolution, and the destruction of the ancient Monarchy.* In September, 1790, Mr. Billon crossed over to England, with the passport of the King, Louis 16th (now in my possession), and resided during the next five years in London. In 1795 he came to the United States and established himself in Philadel- phia, the then Capital, carrying out his original intention on leaving his native land of becoming an American citizen. On May 12, 1797, he was married, at the Trinity Catholic Church in that City, to Miss Jeanne Char- lotte, daughter of Pierre Hubert Stollenwerck, born in Cape Francois, Island of St. Domingo, Sept. 17, 1781, her parents being of old French families, who had emigrated to that Island from Paris about the year 1765. Charles Billon, Sr., continued in business with varied success, in Philadelphia, for nearly twenty- four years. In 1818, with his wife and numerous family of eight children (having lost four others), he removed to St. Louis, where he resided four years, until his death Sept. 8, 1822, at the age of 56 years and 8 months. * The destruction of the Bastile, July 14, 1789, the confederation of the Champ de Mars, &c., speedily followed by the execution of the King, Louis 16th. 334 BIOGRAPHICAL. His widow, after having survived her husband the almost unparalleled period of nearly 58 years, died April 12, 1880, at the very advanced age of nearly ninety-nine years. Their children, all born in Philadelphia, were : Frederic Louis, born April 23, 1801, married Eulalie L. Generally, May 20, 1829. Had twelve children. Charles P., born June 20, 1803, married Frances, daughter of Col. Thos. F. Biddick, he died Jan'y 19, 1863. Virginia Jane, born May 9, 1805, married Paul B. Gratiot; she died Nov'r 29, 1871. Caroline Emily, born June 2, 1809, widow of Capt. Jno. Atchison, of Galena. Paul Gustavus, bornFeb'y 29, 1812, of Kichland, Mo. Henry Adolphus, born Feb'y 29, 1812, died July 3, 1824, aged 12 years. Charles Alfred, born June 20, 1815, of Davenport, Iowa. Antoinette Theresa, born March 23, 1817, widow of John J. Anderson. , SR., with his wife Sarah, and a family of seven children, three sons and four daughters, most of them, if not all, born in Ireland, came to St. Louis about the year 1818. He died Sept. 1, 1822, leaving a will dated Aug't 31, 1822, the day previous to his death, in which he JUDGE HENRY SHURLDS. 335 names his three sons, John, William and James, the last a minor, and four daughters, all married, viz. : Mary, Mrs. Mathers; Ann, Mrs. Brooks; Eliza- beth, Mrs. Kells ; Margaret, Mrs. Wilson. The brothers John and William were industrious, pushing young men and soon acquired prominence and position in this community, being extensively engaged in mercantile affairs. The two brothers married two of the sisters Lee. John Finney was married to Miss Mary Ann Lee, Sept. 4, 1827, and died March 2, 1868, leaving no children. William Finney was married to Miss Jane Lee, March 17, 1825, and died Sept. 4, 1858, leaving several sons and daughters.* JUDGE HENKY SHURLDS, was born in Gloucester County, Virginia, IsTov'r 21, 1796, and studied his law with William Wirt, with whom he practiced for a brief period in Richmond. He came to St. Louis in 1819, remaining here some- thing more than a year, he removed toPotosi, Wash- ington County, in 1821. He was Judge of the Washington Circuit for a number of years, which position he resigned to accept the office of Secretary of State. In November, 1832, he was elected Secretary of the State Senate, and in Feb'y, 1833, appointed by * The Rev'd Thos. M. Finney failing to reply to my request, I jratl.emV these particulars as best I could from the public records. Compiler. 336 BIOGRAPHICAL. the Governor Auditor of Public Accounts, in which office he continued for four years, until March, 1837, when he resigned it to take the cashiership of the new State Bank of Missouri. This office Judge Shurlds filled for fifteen years, until within a few months of his death, when ill- health compelled him to resign it. He died August 2, 1852, at the age of 56 years, leaving his widow with five daughters and one son, Edward, who died in 1865. Judge Shurlds had married ^ov'r 14, in the year 1822, at Potosi, Miss Jane J. Burt, daughter of Andrew Burt, formerly of Baltimore, Mary'd, and his daughters in after years became the wives of Geo. W. Dent, B. H. Batte, Wm. D. W. Barnard, &c. BOOT. WM. CAKR LANE, was born in Fayette County, Penn'a, Dec. 1, 1789, the third son of Presley Carr Lane, a prominent gentleman of that county, who in 1796 represented his District in the State Senate of Pennsylvania, and for more than twenty years a prominent man of his district. In his early years young Lane went to the com- mon school of the place. In 1802, at thirteen, he was sent to Jefferson Col- lege, where he remained a couple of years. In 1805 he spent a year in the office of an elder brother, who was the Prothonotary of Fayette DOCT. WM. CARR LANE. 337 County, where he acquired familiarity with legal matters, which served him greatly in after years. In 1810, after he had become of age, he spent two years at Dickinson College, Carlisle, where he graduated with high honors. In 1811 his father died, and his mother removed her family to Shelby ville, Ky., in the fall of that year. He going to Louisville, where he studied medicine with Dr. Collins, a noted physician of that City. In 1813 he went with the Kentucky Volunteers, under the command of Col. Russell, U. S. Army, to Fort Harrison, on the Wabash, sixty miles north of Yincennes, and was appointed Post Surgeon at that Post. After the war he spent the winter of 1815-16 attending the University course in Philadelphia. In 1816 was appointed a Post Surgeon in the U. S. Army, and served for three years at Fort Harrison and on the Upper Mississippi River, and at Belle- fontaine. On May 3, 1819, he resigned from the Army, and took up his permanent residence in St. Louis, he then having reached the age of 30 years. In. April, 1823, after the incorporation of St. Louis, Doct. Lane was elected the first Mayor of the City, and was annually re-elected for six con- secutive years. In 1829 he declined a re-election, it interfering too much with his practice. But in 1838 and '39 he was induced to again accept the office, and served these two years, making eight years in the office of Mayor. 338 BIOGRAPHICAL. In 1852 President Fillmore appointed him Gover- nor of New Mexico, which position he filled until the close of the Fillmore administration. In 1821 he was an aid de camp of Gov'r McNair. Feb. 1, 1822, appointed Quar. Mas. G-en'l of the State of Missouri. In 1826 he was a member of the House of Repre- sentatives. Doct. Wm. Carr Lane was married to Miss Mary Ewing, daughter of Nath'l Ewing, Esq'r, on Feb- ruary 26, 1818, at Yincennes, Ind'a. They raised two daughters : Sarah, the 2nd, married to Wm. Glasgow, Jr. Anne, the 1st, is unmarried. Their only son, Victor, died a young man. Doct. W. Carr Lane died Jan'y 6, 1863, at the age of 74 years. Several of the brothers of Doct. Lane lived in St. Louis : Richard, Henry, Jas. S. WILLIAM GLASGOW, JR., * son* of James and Ann Eliza Glasgow, was born in Christiana, Delaware, July 4, 1813. When five years of age in 1818, his parents came to Missouri, and settled at Chariton, then in Howard County, where he went to school for some years, and after- wards completed his education at the East. In 1836 he established himself in business in St. Louis, and about 1840, in connection with Amedee JOHN LITTLE. 339 Valle and others they established the "Missouri Wine Comp.," of which he was for many years the President. Win. Glasgow, Jr., was married to Miss Sarah S. S. Lane, second daughter of Doct. Wm. Carr Lane, by Bishop Kemper, April 16, 1840. She died Feb'y 28, 1887, leaving several children. ARTHUR L. MAGEOTS, was an intelligent, shrewd young lawyer from Bel- fast, Antrim Co., Ireland, who came to St. Louis in the year 1818. With but a limited practice in the courts for some years, but with no small stock of assurance and perseverance, he gradually pushed his way into society, and in due time acquired prominence and position. He was married in New York, Oct. 22, 1831, to Mary Eliza, daughter of Col. Wm. McRea, of the U. S. Artillery. About the year 1840 he removed to Washington City, where he continued to reside until his death early in the year 1848, leaving a handsome property to his widow and two sons. JOHN LITTLE, was born in the County Down, Ireland, 1775, and came to St. Louis about the year 1815. He kept a store for a short time in the old Labbadie stone house on Main above Chestnut. 340 'BIOGRAPHICAL. Oct. 19, 1816, he was married to Marie An- toinette Labbadie, the youngest sister of Silvestre Labbadie, who had been previously married to Capt. John W. Honey, from whom she had been divorced, and owned the store where Little was doing business. She died Feb. 18, 1818, aged 25 years, and John Little, Aug't 23, 1820, aged 45 years. They had no children, and Little obtained her property. HON. JOHN D. DAGGETT, was born on Dec'r 4, 1793, at Attleborough, Mass., and in his early youth learnt the trade of a Ma- chinist. In 1815 he worked a short time in Philadelphia at lock making, and in 1816 for a short time at Pitts- burgh. In 1817 he came west in the employ of Reuben Neal, a Tin and Coppersmith, of Pitts- burgh, to St. Louis, where he arrived in October of that year, and had charge of Mr. deal's business for a period of three years. In 1821, he was associated with Peter Haldeman in commission business ; 1823 commenced a retail dry-goods business alone, in which he was engaged for some years. In 1827, he was elected an Alderman of the City Government. In 1838, appointed Street Commissioner. In 1839, he obtained a Charter for the St. Louis Gas Light Company, of which he was one of DOCT. ARTHUR NELSON. 341 the originators, and became its President in 1842, which position he held until 1849. In 1841, he was elected Mayor of the City. In 1850, President of the Sectional Dock Com- pany, whose affairs he managed for 24 years, until his death in 1874. He was generally successful in his various enter- prises, until the latter portion of his life, when re- verses overtook him in his old age, after many years of usefulness. Mr. Daggett was married m February, 1821, in St. Louis, to Miss Sarah, daughter of Mr. Samuel Sparks, of Maine. They were the parents of a nu- merous posterity, raising seven daughters to become married ladies, and two sons, William and James. Mr. Daggett died May 9, 1874, in his 81st year, and his widow but very recently. DOCT. ARTHUR NELSON' S professional card, April 24, 1818. June 19th he purchased the stock of Drugs and Medicines of Simpson and Quarles, and continued the business. 1819, Feb. 9, Docts. Nelson and Hoffman associ- ated and opened in Doct. Simpson's new brick, op- posite the bank. April 20, they removed to the late stand of Ren- shaw and Hoffman, in Dent's frame row. 1820, Sept. 13, he removed to the lower end of Main Street, and continued the practice of medicine exclusively. 342 BIOGRAPHICAL. Doct. Kelson was married May 25, 1819, to Miss Eleanor, daughter of Doct. Edward S. Ganiit. His name is not found in the Directory of 1821. DOCT. ZENO FENN, came to St. Louis in 1820, and opened his office at No. 52 North Main, in the old Letourno house. He was considered a skillful surgeon, but lived but a few years with us, dying, unmarried, in Dec'r, 1824. Doct. H. L. Hoffman was his administrator. DOCT. GEORGE P. TODSEN, came from Copenhagen, Denmark, to the United States. He lived for some time in Pennsylvania, where he married an American lady. 1817, he came to St. Louis alone, and July llth opened his professional office in Laforce Papin's house, Main and Locust Streets. 1819, he removed his office to Perras' house, on Second and Myrtle. About 1820-21, he left St. Louis and was absent in Europe for about two years, returning to St. Louis in 1823, with a wife, to the surprise of every one, whom he had left in Pennsylvania for several years. They went to housekeeping on South Main Street, and he resumed his practice. In the sum- mer of 1823 his wife died without children, and 'shortly afterwards he abandoned St. Louis. He was well educated, a good musician, and fond of music. HENKY SHAW. 343 DOCT. PAUL MALO GEBERT, born in France in 1794, came to St. Louis in 1818, and commenced his practice Jan'y 1, 1819. After a residence of nearly nine years in the place, his practice being chiefly with our French population, he died, unmarried, Nov'r 20, 1826, at the age of 32 years. HENRY SHAW, was born in Sheffield, England, July 24, 1800. His father was an extensive manufacturer of cut- lery, &c., in that place. Early in 1819 he came over to the United States, landing at New Orleans in February or March, and came to St. Louis in the Steamer Maid of New Orleans, Capt. Davidson, which had been built at Philadelphia, and came around by sea to New Orleans, arriving there in February, and landed at St. Louis in the evening of Monday, May 3, 1819. When Mr. Shaw arrived in St. Louis, houses were difficult to obtain, so he opened his stock in the 2nd story over the store of Tracy & Wahrendorff , mer- chants at No. 4 North Main Street. In the year 1823, John Mullanphy built two small brick houses on Main, between Pine and Olive, Nos. 56 and 58. N. B. Atwood, Drugs and Medicines, opened in one, and Henry Shaw, Hardware, in the other. He remained here for some years, and then removed to a larger house, . No. 98 on the next block, between Olive and Locust. 344 BIOGRAPHICAL. About the year 184-, Mr. Shaw having acquired a competency, retired from business, made a voyage to Europe on a visit to his parents and relatives, where he passed some time. In 184- he returned to the U. S., accompanied by his parents and sisters, who remained in New York, one sister, afterwards Mrs. Julius Morisse, coming with him to St. Louis. After his return to St. Louis, Mr. Shaw did not again embark into business, but devoted his time to the improvement of his large landed property in city and country. . In 1842-43, Mr. Shaw became the owner in fee of that large body of land, extending from Grand Avenue west to the old Manchester Road and King's Highway, upon which he had made large loans to Thos. J. Payne, its former owner, and upon which he subsequently built his country residence, "Tower Grove Mansion," and laid out his "Botanical Gar- den" and "Tower Grove Park," to the adorn- ment of which he has devoted many of the latter years of his life, and expended large amounts of money. Mr. Shaw has just completed his eighty-eighth year, is yet in vigorous health, with a prospect of many years yet before him. ABRAHAM BECK, was born in Albany, New York, of an old Knicker- bocker family, about the year 179-. He came to DOCT. RICHARD MASON. -345 St. Louis in 1819, a young lawyer, and was asso- ciated for a brief period with Josiah Spalding as Lawyers and Land Agents. He died Sept. 4, 1821, a young unmarried man, after a brief residence in the place of less than two years. DOCT. LEWIS C. BECK, a younger brother of Abraham Beck, came here with him, from Albany, New York, in the year 1819, he remained in the State about a couple of years, principally occupied in perambulating the different sections of the State, gathering the matter for a Gazetteer of Illinois and Missouri, he was then engaged in preparing for publication, which having accomplished, added to the death of his brother in 1821, he returned to Albany, and produced his book in the year 1823. He was yet living in 1848, as in that year in New York he produced a small volume, entitled " Botany of the United States, north of Virginia." DOCT. KICHAKD MASOX, came to St. Louis, from Philadelphia, in Feb., 1820, with a wife and some two or three young daughters. His gentlemanly bearing and affable manners soon procured him an extensive practice, which he did not live long to enjoy. He died April 11, 1824, aged about 40, and was the first person interred in the "Masonic Burying Ground," purchased by the 346 BIOGRAPHICAL. " Fraternity " from the estate of Jeremiah Conner, bounded by St. Charles Street, Washington Ave- nue, Tenth and Eleventh Streets, at that date far out in the countrv. JOSIAH SPALDING, was born in Connecticut, about 1797, and took his degrees at Yale College in 1817, with the first honors, and was then a teacher in Columbia Col- lege, New York, for a couple of years, in mean- time pursuing the study of law. In the winter of 1819-20, he removed to St. Louis, and entered into the practice of his pro- fession, associated with Abraham Beck. In 1822, when Mr. Edward Charless re-purchased the Missouri Gazette, which had been sold by his father, Mr. Joseph Charless, Sr., in Sept., 1820, to James Cummins, Mr. Spalding was engaged as the Editor. As a Counsellor at Law, he rapidly rose to eminence, and soon ranked with the first at the Bar as a commercial Lawyer. Mr. Spalding was married April 2nd, 1823, in St. Louis, to Mrs. Agnes P. Gay, a widow lady from the east with two children, who had been teaching school for some years. In after years Mr. Spalding and Ham'n R. Gamble became associated as Attorneys at Law. Mr. Spalding died May, 1852, leaving a widow and several child rjen. SAMUEL WILLI. 347 AMOS WHEELER, Attorney and Counsellor, came to St. Louis from Albany, New York, in 1819, and opened his office Nov'r 17th in the Smith house, No. 7 North Main Street. On May 26th, 1822, he was married to Miss Anne, the eldest daughter of Joseph Charless, Sr., and died on June 8th, thirteen days after his mar- riage, aged about 40 years. SAMUEL WILLI, was born in Mercer County, Pennsylvania, Aug't 5, 1796. He came' to St. Louis in 1820, and en- tered into partnership with Richard Milligan, un- der the style of " Milligan and Willi, Merchant Tailors," No. 52 North Main Street, above Pine, and fol- lowed the business for many years, at various loca- tions, until he had acquired a competency, when he relinquished business altogether. Mr. Willi was married on April 26, 1827, to Miss Lucinda, daughter of Capt. Uri Musick, of Gravois, St. Louis County, and died June 27, 1876, in his 80th year. The only child they raised, Miss Rebecca Willi, was married Dec'r 25, 1852, to DeWitt Clinton Brown, from New York, now deceased. 348 BIOGRAPHICAL. Mrs. Willi yet survives at the age of about 80 years. Her father, Capt. Uri Musick, served as a mounted ranger in the war of 1812-15. JAMES TIMON^, born in Ireland, lived a number of years in Balti- more, where most of his children were born, and for a time in Louisville, Ky. He came to St. Louis in the summer of 1819, with a family of wife, two sons, and six daughters. And associated with his eldest son John opened a " New Store" on August 4, 1819, on Main Street below Elm. He was not long in business here. In 1820 they purchased a New Madrid Claim for 640 acres of land, which they located on Sees. 15 and 22, west of and adjoining the Gratiot League Square, upon which he cleared a farm, built a dwelling house, and lived there for over twenty years, returning to the city about the year 1841, where for ten years more he was employed as a collector, dying in 1851. He left, by his will, what property he possessed to his oldest son, John, who had become a Catholic Priest, and subsequently was the well known R. Rev'd Bishop of Buffalo, New York. The children of James and Ellen Timon were : Mary M., married to Benj. Ames, in Louisville. RANKEN BROTHERS. 349 Rosa, married to Michael Daly, of Perry . Cy., in St. Louis, Aug. 26, 1819. Margaret, married to Hnsfh Mulligan, Feb'y 22, 1827. Agatha, married to Win. Douglass, Nov. 1, 1829. Anna, married to James McGee, May 4, 1830. Elizabeth, married to Maginnis. His second son, Owen V., was for many years a Collector and Notary Public in St. Louis, and died here not many years back. THE RANKED BROTHERS, HUGH, ROBERT AND DAVID, were born at Lisboy, Londonderry County, Ire- land, about seven miles from Colerain, in Antrim County, on the river Bann which separates the two Counties. Hugh must have been the first of the Brothers who came to the LTnited States, as he was in busi- ness in Philadelphia from 1814 to 1818, about five years, at No. 49 Chestnut Street. He then came out to Louisville in 1818, where he remained about one year, and to St. Louis late in the summer of 1819, accompanied by his brother Robert, and opened their store at No. 25 North Main Street. Hugh*Ranken died unmarried July 11, 1825, aged about 36 years. 350 BIOGRAPHICAL. ROBERT RANKEN, born in 1793, after the death of his brother, Hugh, continued in business alone for nearly twenty-five years longer, and died on Dec'r 31, 1849, aged about 56 years. He had been very successful in business, and left a large estate. DAVID RANKED, born in 1800, the third of the brothers who came to the United States, during all this long period had been actively engaged in business in Philadelphia, at first for a number of years in the Grocery line, at the old' stand of his brother, 49 Chestnut Street, and afterwards for a much longer period in the Tea-trade at 73 Chestnut St., where he had purchased out and succeeded Samuel Brown, and where he realized a very large fortune. He came to St. Louis in 1850, and died here April 9, 1859, aged 59. JOSEPH C. LAVEILLE, Architect and Builder, was born in Harrisburgh, Penn'a, where he married, and came here with his wife in 1819, accompanied by Jacob Rupley, who was associated with him in that line for a few years. In 1823 he formed a copartnership witji George Morton, the style of the firm being " Laveille & Morton," they were the leading builders in St. Louis for a number of years, erected a number of resi- JOSEPH C. LAVEILLE. 351 deuces and other buildings, and several of our early public edifices, amongst them the first brick Episco- pal Church in 1825-26, at the northwest corner of Third and Chestnut, on the ground now covered with the south-east corner of the Merchants' Ex- change building. And in 1827-28, the first brick Court-house on Fourth, now occupied by the eastern portion of our present Court-house. Mr. Laveille served us four years as Street Com- missioner, from 1823 to 1826, and ten years a mem- ber of the Board of Aldermen, from 1827 to 1836, when he declined a re-election. The copartnership with George Morton was dis- solved in 1834, each of them confining his business thereafter to dealing in lumber. Mrs. Elizabeth Laveille, his first wife, died in 1834, leaving two sons and two daughters, all born in St. Louis, of whom one died young. Mr. Laveille married his second wife, Mrs. Lavina, widow of Edward P. Wheeler, June 30, 1836, and died Sept. 19, 1842, aged about 54 years, leaving a son and daughter by his second marriage. Mrs. Laveille, his widow, died in the winter of 1848-49, leaving three daughters by her first husband Wheeler. -Mr. Laveille' s two sons, Eugene and Theodore, were young men at their father's death- The Wheeler children were : A son, Henry M. Ann Eliza, married John Hartnett. Lavina P., married Geo. W. Campbell. 352 BIOGKAPHICAL. JOHN L. SUTTON, * was born in New Brunswick, New Jersey, 1795. He came to St. Louis in the fall of 1817, and established his blacksmith shop next below the southeast corner*of Second and Spruce Streets, where he soon acquired the reputation of a master- workman in his line ; in 1820 he moved his shop diagonally across to the north-west corner, and about 1825 to his new shop, on the east side of Main just north of Spruce, where he carried it on success- fully the balance of his thirteen years' residence in our place. John L. Sutton was for several years an Alder- man of the Board from the south ward of the City, representing it in 1824, '27, '28 and '29. He died unmarried July 7, 1830, at the age of 35 years. His heirs were four brothers and three sisters : James C., Henry, Joseph, and William. Mary, widow of Henry Taylor, with five chil- dren. Sarah, wife of James Wilgus. , Catherine, who died unmarried. JAMES C. SUTTON, his brother, born in New Brunswick, New Jersey, July 1, 1797, came to St. Louis about the year 1820, and -for a few years was associated with his elder brother, John L., in the blacksmith business. DOCT. N. B. ATWOOD. 353 In 1826, at the public sale of the lands belong- ing to the estate of Charles Gratiot, Sr., he pur- chased a piece of 400 arpents, at the southwest corner of Gratiot' s League Square, about seven miles from the Court House, totally unimproved and covered with its original timber. He set to work at once to improve it, built a temporary frame dwelling, and commenced clearing the land for cultivation. As the years rolled by he continued its improvement, built for himself a large stone dwelling and other buildings, until finally at his death, a few years back, he left it to his numerous family, a valuable inheritance. James C. Sutton was married Oct. 1, 1829, to Miss Anna, daughter of Joseph Wells, of Gravois Settlement. He died July 19, 1877, at the age of 80 years and 18 days, leaving 9 children of eleven. John L., Chas. W., Henry L., James C., Isam, Mary C., Sarah W., Catherine C. DOCT. XATHASTIEL BRADLEY ATWOOD, was born in Newburyport, Massachusetts, in No- vember, 1796. In the winter of 1819-20, he came to St. Louis from Philadelphia, one of the firm of J. J. Smith & Co., and opened in the Drug business in the building No. 67 South Main St., just vacated by the old Bank of St. Louis. About the year 1823, Doct. Atwood, then alone, removed to No. 56 North 23 354 BIOGRAPHICAL. Main. A few years later Doct. Atwcod went to Memphis, Tennessee, where he remained several years and then returned to St. Louis, and again en- gaged in his former business of Druggist, which he followed, until his death, at various localities in the City. Doct. Atwood was twice married. First, to Miss Green, of Trenton, New Jersey; this lady died at Memphis, Tennessee, in Sept., 1828. In 1831, he was married to Miss Elizabeth F. Legrand, of Tennessee. Doct. Atwood died at St. Louis in March, 1860, after a residence of nearly forty years in the place, aged 64 years. His widow survived him until February, 1887. They leave but one son, Doct. Legrand Atwood, a prominent physician of our City. MR. WILLIAM HIGGLNS, Tallow Chandler, born in Ireland, came to St. Louis with his wife and family in the year 1820, and commenced the manufacture of Soap and Candles on the east side of Second Street, third door below Walnut, which he carried on for about ten years. He died July 12, 1830, leaving his widow Eliza- beth, five daughters and a son. Mary, Jane. Ellen, Elizabeth and Winifred, and a son Charles H. NATHANIEL PATTERSON. 355 BERNARD GILHULY, Merchant, was born in Leitrim County, Ireland, in 1793, came to St. Louis in 1819, and in January, 1820, commenced business as the partner of Michael Castello in Becquet's old house, South Main St., below Elm. In March, 1820, he formed a new connection with James C. Cummins and removed to McKnight & Brady's brick store No. 44, the south-east corner of Main and Pine Streets. In Sept. , 1820, the firm of Gilhuly and Cummins was " dissolved." Cummins having purchased the Missouri Gazette newspaper, retired from the firm, selling his interest in same to Gilhuly, who continued alone for some years until his death. He died May 21, 1825, aged 32 years. He married Mary, the eldest daughter of Win. Higgins, who after the death of Gilhuly, in 1825, remained a widow for 9 years, and then was married April 20, 1834, to Hugh O'Neil, Jr., a Carpenter. Nathaniel Patterson married Winifred, youngest daughter of Wm. Higgins, Oct. 27, 1827. Mr. Patterson died in 1846. Their only child, Elizabeth, became the wife of James Slevin, both deceased, leaving the old lady alone in the world at over four score. 356 BIOGRAPHICAL. EDWARD KNAPP, SK., was born in Westmoreland, Orange County, ISTew York, in the year 1778. In the year 1808, he was married to Miss Frances Flood, who was born in County Donegal, Ireland. Mr. Knapp was a Cabinet-maker, he came to St. Louis with his wife and six children in 1819, his two youngest being born in St. Louis. Their eight children were : Edward J., born 1809, in ]S". Y"., married, died in St. Joseph, July 8, 1879. Eliza, born 1811, in N". Y., married to Judge Rogers, died in Carlyle, Ills., 1868. Fannie, born 1812, in !N". Y., married to Fred- erick Beltzhoover, died in St. Louis, 1855. George, born Sept. 25, 1814, in N". Y., mar- ried to Miss Ellen McCartan, died in St. Louis, Sept. 18, 1883. John, born 1816, in N". Y., married to Virginia Wright. Mary, born 1818, in !N". Y., unmarried, died in Louisiana, 1882. William, born 1820, in St. Louis, unmarried, died in St. Louis, 1856. Margaret, born 1823, in St. Louis, unmarried, living. Mr. Edward Knapp, Sr., died in St. Louis, Sept. 15, 1823, aged 45. Mrs. Frances Knapp died in St. Louis, 1853, about 63. COL. GEORGE F. STROTHER. 357 GEORGE KNAPP, born in Montgomery, Orange County, 'New York, Sept. 25, 1814, was married to Miss Eleanor Mc.- Cartan, in St. Louis, Dec'r 22, 1840. Their children : Louisa, first Mrs. Napoleon Mullikin, secondly Mrs. Whitmore. Ida, Mrs. Hoblitzelle. Shepard, married. Vernon W., married. George, unmarried. Andy J., married. Harry G., single. Benjamin F., single. Thomas M., married. Eleanor J., single. COL. GEORGE F. &TROTHER, was born in Culpepper County, Virginia, in the year 1787, and was a prominent Lawyer and Mem- ber of Congress from his district in 1817-19, and took an active and efficient part in the prosecution of " Old Hickory," for his alleged offense against the laws of Nations, in pursuing the British across the line into Florida. In 1820, he was appointed by President Monroe to succeed Col. Samuel Hammond, in the office of Receiver of Public Moneys, in the Sfe. Louis Land District; and U. S. Attorney and Fiscal Agent, 358 BIOGRAPHICAL. and immediately acquired great prominence at the bar of St. Louis, where he was a familiar and im- portant personage for a number of years. He brought with him from Virginia a wife and young son. Mrs. Sarah G. Strother died on May 7, 1824, in St. Louis. On June 2d, 1825, Col. Strother was married at Lexington, Ky., to Miss Theodosia L., daughter of John W. Hunt, Esq'r, a wealthy citizen of that place, of the Hunts of Trenton, New Jersey. The fruit of this marriage was a single daughter, who with her mother figured for many years in fashionable life in this country and in Europe. Col. George F. Strother died on Saturday, Nov. 28, 1840, at his residence in this City, at the age of 53 years, and was interred in Christ Church Cem- etery. His remains now lie in Belief ontaine. His son had died young. MR. WALTER B. ALEXANDER, who married March 21, 1824, the second daughter of General B. Pratte, Sr., came to St. Louis with Col. Strother as his chief clerk. Alexander died at Pratte's July 15, 1826. His widow, Mrs. Alexander, married her second husband, Mr. Louis D. Peugnet, from France, in Philadelphia, February, 1830; by this marriage there are two sons, both married men with families, Mr. Ernest Peugnet, of St Louis, and Armand Peugnet, of Paris, France. G. ANDERSON. 359 GARRET ANDERSON, was born at Fort Lee, New Jersey, on the Hudson, opposite New York, April 19, 1797. He came to St. Louis in the year 1819, in the employment of Col. Richard Johnson and brother, of Kentucky, the proprietors of 'the steamers then engaged in the transportation up the Missouri of the expedition of Gen'l Henry Atkinson, to estab- lish the Military post at the Council Bluffs, then Indian Territory, above Omaha, now Nebraska. , We had then in St. Louis several Andersons, no way related to each other. Our Mr. Anderson, a fine looking young man, always well and fashion- ably dressed, soon received from his numerous friends and intimates the descriptive appellation of " Beau Anderson." He was with us several years, and then returned to the east, and became a permanent resident of Washington City, D. C., where he resided until his death in that city. Mr. Anderson was married Dec. 23, 1832, to Miss Eliza Sawkins, a young lady from Southamp- ton, England, and died Jan'y 19, 1853, aged 55 years and 9 months. Mrs. Anderson, with her five children, subse- quently removed to St. Louis. Gertrude C., Mrs. Robert Metcalf, deceased. Laura L., Mrs. Henry T. Williams. Garret Anderson, Jr., born April, 1838. Wm. H. H. Anderson, born Oct. 19, 1840, and George C. Anderson. 360 BIOGRAPHICAL. CAPT. ELIHU HOTCHKIPS SHEPARD, was born at Halifax, Windham County, Vermont, Oct. 15, 1795. In 1803 his parents removed with their children to Franklin County, Massachusetts, and in October, 1806, to Jefferson Co., New York, where he re- mained until the year 1819, when he went out to the western country. During the war of 1812-15, Capt. Shepard served for a time in the New York State militia, and participated in several actions. He arrived in St. Louis Aug't 10, 1820. With an excellent education, Capt. Shepard early be- came a teacher, and followed the profession for many years. Capt. Shepard was married at .Belleville, Ills, on Aug't 10, 1823, to Miss Mary Thomas, who died June 6, 1864 ; they had but one child, Mary Malinda, who was twice married, first to Britton A. Hill and secondly to D. Robert Barclay. On December 18, 1866, E. H. Shepard married a second time, he then in his 72nd year, to Mrs. Catherine, widow of Wm. N. Card, by whom he left a young son. Capt. Shepard died in St. Louis on March 19th, 1876, aged 80 years and 5 months and 4 days. His remains were taken to Jefferson Co., New V York, and interred in the family ground with those of his first wife. CAPT. JONAS NEWMAN. 361 HOIST. SPENCER PETTIS, was born in Virginia, and came to St. Louis about the year 1821, and commenced the practice of Law. In July, 1826, he was appointed Secretary of State, under Governor John Miller, which office he resigned in 1828, to become a candidate for Con- gress, to which office he was elected. In 1830 he was re-elected to the same office. In his duel with Major Thomas Biddle on Friday, Aug. 27, 1830, both parties were mortally wounded^ Mr. Pettis dying Saturday, Aug't 28th, and Major Biddle the following Monday. Mr. Pettis was interred on Sunday, Aug. 29th r in the City Cemetery, Park Avenue and Sixth Street, yet young and unmarried. CAPT. JONAS NEWMAN, was born in 1795, near Harrisburgh, Pennsylvania. While yet a child, his father and family removed to Point Pleasant, Virginia, on the Ohio, at the mouth of the big Kenawha. After he had attained his manhood, he came to St. Louis, and was for a number of years engaged in steambOating. Capt. Newman was married on May 1, 1824, to Miss Susan, daughter of Louis Tarteron Labeaume r then recently deceased. 362 BIOGRAPHICAL. He died on July 1, 1849, at the age of 54, followed but two days later, July 3rd, by that of his wife. They left but one son, our old fellow citizen, SOCRATES NEWMAN, ESQ'R., Who was born Oct. 21, 1826, and was married on Dec'r 21, 1852, to Miss Vitalis, daughter of Doct. Louis Yitalis, dec'd, a native of France. They have been the parents of eleven children, of whom four sons and four daughters are living. JAMES NAGLE AND HUGH JOHNSON, two young Irishmen of good education, came to St. Louis in 1820 with an Invoice of Merchandise, and opened a store in Clark's stone row, No. 35. They continued in business here for several years. Hugh Johnson died unmarried, August 6, 1825. After the death of his partner, Mr. Nagle aban- doned mercantile pursuits, and entered into the prac- tice of law, for which he had been preparing himself by study for some years. NATHAN PAUL AND ARTHUR INGRAM, two young Philadelphians, came to St. Louis in 1820, under the patronage of Nathaniel Burt, a merchant of Philadelphia, with a fine stock of mer- BEVERLY ALLEN. 363 ehandise, and opened a branch of his house at No. 1, Chouteau's new brick row, Aug't 17, 1820, under the style of " Paul & Ingram," which soon secured a good run of custom. Nathan Paul died Oct. 3, 1823, and Henry Keilly came out to fill the vacant place ; the new firm " Ingram & Reilly." Arthur Ingram married Miss : Berrian, of New York, and died at his father's home near Pittsburgh, Sept., 1828, in his 29th year. Henry Reilly married Miss Julia Paddock, August 9, 1827, and died in St. Louis, Jan'y 24, 1831. BEVERLY ALLEN, ESQ'R,. was born in Richmond, Virginia, August 15, 1800. Went to school in his native State, and studied Law and graduated at Princeton College, New Jersey. After the admission of Missouri as a State, he came to Ste. Genevieve, and commenced the practice of his profession, associated with the Hon. John Scott, our first Representative in Congress. In 1827, Mr. Allen removed to St. Louis with his first wife, and soon acquired an eminent position at our bar, where for a number of years he enjoyed a very lucrative practice. Mr. Allen was three times married, first in Ste. Genevieve, to Miss Celeste M., the only child of 364 BIOGRAPHICAL. George Bullitt, of that place ; this lady died July 21, 1831. Mr. Allen's second marriage was on October 16, 1832, to Mrs. Ann, the widow of Charles Wahren- dorff, dec'd, and eldest daughter of Joseph Charless, Sen'r. This lady died Nov'r 1, 1832, at New Orleans, having herself been three times married. April 3, 1834, Mr. Allen was married to Miss Penelope, daughter of the Hon. Nathaniel Pope, of KaskasMa. Mr. Allen died Sept. 10, 1845, in New York, on his return from Europe, where he had gone for the benefit of his health ; he was yet in his prime, aged but 45 years and 26 days. His lady still survives him. EDWARD BREDELL, was born near Snowhill, Worcester County, Mary- land, Oct. 21, 1812. His father's ancestors were French, his mother a daughter of Peter and Cather- ine Collier of that place. In the year 1820, when eight years of age, his mother being dead, and his grandmother, Mrs. Col- lier, having settled in St. Charles, he was brought to Missouri by his uncle, John Collier, and remained with his grandmother at St. Charles until 1823, when he returned to his father's residence in Maryland to receive his education, which being completed, he returned to St. Louis in the year 1833, and was ad- mitted to the bar at the age of 21 years. EDWARD BREDELL. 365 Soon thereafter in 1834, concluding to change his vocation, he entered into partnership with James T. Sweringen, as Dry-goods Merchants, on North Main Street. In 1838, he associated with him, his brother John C. Bredell, as Dry-goods Merchants, at the south- west corner of Main and Market Streets. About the year 1850, Mr. Bredell retired altogether from business, and removed his residence to the south side of Lafayette Park, where he continues to reside to the present day. April 6, 1835, Mr. Bredell was married to Miss Angeline Cornelia, the only daughter of the late Samuel Perry, Esq., of Potosi, Washington County, Mo., born Oct. 12, 1818 ; she died June 28, 1887, at the age of 68 years and 8 months. Lieut. Edward Bredell, Jr., the only child they raised, born Aug. 3, 1839, was killed in the Confed= rate service at Ashby's Gap, Virginia, Nov. 16, 1864, at the age of 25 years, 3 months. JOHN C. BREDELL, brother of Edward, was born at Snowhill, Mary- land, Feb'y 22, 1815 ; he came to St. Louis a young man, about the year , and established a manu- factory of cotton batting. He died unmarried Jan'y 5, 1853, at the age of 38 years. APPENDIX. TREATY CEDING LOUISIANA TO THE UNITED STATES. The President of the United States of America, and the First Consul of the French Republic, in the name of the French people, desiring to remove all source of misunderstanding- relative to objects of discussion mentioned in the second and fifth articles of the convention of the 8th Yendemiaire An. 9 (30th Sept., 1800) relating to the rights claimed by the United States, in virtue of the treaty concluded at Madrid, the 27th October, 1795., between his Catholic Majesty and the said United States ; and willing to strengthen the union and friendship which at the time of the said convention was happily re- established between the two nations ; have respect- ively named their plenipotentiaries, to wit: the President of the United States of America, by and with the advice and consent of the senate of the said states, Robert R. Livingston, minister plenipoten- tiary of the United States, and James Monroe, minister plenipotentiary and envoy extraordinary of the said states, near the government of the French Republic, and the first Consul, in the name of the French people, the French citizen Barbe Marbois, TREATY OF CESSION. 367" minister of the public treasury, who, after having respectively exchanged their full powers, have agreed to the following articles : Article 1. Whereas, by the article, the third, of the treaty concluded at St. Ildefonso, the 9th Yende- miaire, An. 9 (1st October, 1800) between the first Consul of the French Republic and his Catholic Majesty, it was agreed as follows: " His Catholic " Majesty promises and engages on his part, to " retrocede to the French Republic, six months " after the full and entire execution of the conditions " and stipulations herein relative to his royal high- " ness the duke of Parma, the colony or province of " Louisiana, with the same extent that it now has " in the hands of Spain, and that it had when " France possessed it, and such as it should be after " the treaties subsequently entered into between " Spain and other States." And whereas in pur- suance of the treaty, and particularly of the third article, the French Republic has an incontestible title to the domain, and to the possession of the said Territory. The first Consul of the French Republic desiring to give to the United States a strong proof of his Friendship, doth hereby cede to the United States, in the name of the French Republic, forever and in full sovereignty the said Territory, with all its rights and appurtenances, as fully and in the same manner as they have been acquired by the French Republic in virtue of the above mentioned treaty, concluded with his Catholic Majesty. Article 2. In the cession made by the preceding article are included the adjacent Islands belonging- 368 APPENDIX. to Louisiana, all public lots and squares, vacant lands, and all public buildings, fortifications, bar- racks, and other edifices, which are not private property. The archives, papers and documents, relative to the domain and sovereignty of Louisiana, and its dependencies, will be left in the possession of commissaries of the United States, and copies will be afterwards given in due form to the magistrates and municipal officers, of such of the said papers and documents as may be necessary to them. Article 3. The inhabitants of the ceded territory shall be incorporated in the Union of the United States, and admitted as soon as possible, according to the principles of the federal constitution, to the enjoyment of all the rights, advantages and immuni- ties of citizens of the United States ; and in the meantime they shall be maintained and protected in the free enjoyment of their liberty, property, and the religion which they profess. Article 4. There shall be sent by the govern- ment of France, a commissary to Louisiana, to the end that he do every act necessary, as well to re- ceive from the officers of his Catholic Majesty the said country and its dependencies, in the name of the French republic, if it has not been already done, as to transmit it in the name of the French republic to the commissary or agent of the United States. Article 5. Immediately after the ratification of the present treaty by the President of the United States, and in case that of the First Consul shall have been previously obtained, the commissary of the French republic shall remit all the military posts TREATY OF CESSION. 369 of 'New Orleans, and other parts of the ceded ter- ritory, to the commissary or commissaries named by the President to take possession ; the troops whether of France or Spain, who may be there, shall cease to occupy any military post from the time of taking possession, and shall be embarked as soon as possible, in the course of three months after the ratification of this treaty. Article 6. The United States promise to execute such treaties and articles as may have been agreed between Spain and the tribes and nations of Indians, until by mutual consent of the United States and the said tribes or nations, other suitable articles shall have been agreed upon. Article 7. As it is reciprocally advantageous to the commerce of France and the United States to encourage the communication of both nations for a limited time in the country ceded by the present treaty, until general arrangements relative to the commerce of both nations may be agreed on, it has been agreed between the contracting parties, that the French ships coming directly from France, or any of her colonies, loaded only with the produce or manufactures of France or her said colonies, and the ships of Spain, coming directly from Spain or any of her colonies, loaded only with the produce or manufactures of Spain or her colonies, shall be admitted during the space of twelve years to the ports of New- Orleans, and in all other legal ports of entry within the ceded territory, in the same manner as the ships of the United States, coming directly from France or Spain, or any of their colo- 370 APPENDIX. nies, without being subject to any other, or greater duty on merchandise, or other or greater tonnage than those paid by the citizens of the United States. During the space of time above mentioned, no other nation shall have a right to the same privi- leges in the ports of the ceded territory ; the twelve years shall commence three months after the ex- change of ratifications, if it shall take place in France, or three months after it shall have been notified at Paris to the French government, if it shall take place in the United States ; it is, however, well understood, that the object of the above article is to favor the manufactures, commerce, freight and navigation of France and of Spain, so far as relates to the importations that the French and Spanish shall make into the said ports of the United States, without in any sort affecting the regulations that the United States may make concerning the exportation of the produce and merchandise of the United States, or any right they may have to make such regula- tions. Article 8. In future and forever after the expira- tion of the twelve years, the ships of France shall be treated upon the footing of the most favored nations in the ports above mentioned. Article 9. The particular convention signed this day by the respective ministers, having for its object to provide for the payment of debts due to the citizens of the United States by the French Republic, prior to the 30th Sept., 1800 (8th Vendemiaire year 9) is approved, and to have its execution in the same TREATY OF CESSION. 371 manner as if it had been inserted in the present treaty, and it shall be ratified in the same form and in the same time, so that the one shall not be ratified, distinct from the other. Another particular convention, signed at the same date as the present treaty, relative to a definitive rule between the con- tracting parties, is in the like manner approved, and will be ratified in the same form, and in the same time and jointly. Article 10. The present treaty shall be ratified in good and due form, and the ratifications shall be exchanged in the space of six months after the date of the signature by the minister plenipotentiary, or sooner if possible. In faith whereof, the respective plenipotentiaries have signed these articles in the French and English languages, declaring nevertheless, that the present treaty was originally agreed to in the French lan- guage, and have thereunto put their seals. Done at Paris, the tenth day of Floreal, in the eleventh year of the French Republic, the 30th April, 1803. ROBERT R. LIVINGSTON. JAMES MONROE. BARBE MARBOIS. 372 APPENDIX. COL. JOHN FRANCIS HAMTRAMCK, U. S. ARMY, was born in Prussia, August 14, 1757, and at the breaking out of the American Revolution in 1775, he joined the American Army from New York as a commissioned officer in the State troops, and served throughout the war, participating in a number of engagements. At the close of the war, and the disbandment of the Continental Army, he was one of the few who were retained in the Federal service with the rank of Lieutenant from 1777. By Act of Congress, June 3, 1784, the First Regi- ment of U. S. Infantry was organized, to which he was appointed with the rank of Captain, April 12, 1783, promoted to Major, Oct. 20, 1786. Lieut. Colonel, Feb'y 18, 1793, and full Colonel, April 1, 102. He died at his Head Quarters at Detroit, Michi- gan, April 11, 1803, in his 46th year, leaving a son and three daughters, all young, but who reached maturity and all married, viz. : John F. Hamtramck, Jr., born in Indiana, entered West Point in 1815, graduated in 1819, commis- sioned 2nd Lieut. Artillery, July 1, 1819, resigned March 1, 1822. He was twice married and lived in St. Louis some years, commanded a Regiment from Virginia in the Mexican War. Julianne, married to Doct. Harvey Lane, of Ste. Geiievieve. Harriet, to Capt. Joseph Cross, formerly U. S. Army at Kaskaskia. COL. J. F. HAMTRAMCK. 373 Rebecca, to Capt. Thomas J. Harrison, 3rd Regi- ment, at Jefferson Barracks, April 26, 1827. Col. Hamtramck's widow became the wife of Judge Jesse B. Thomas in 1805. Gen'l Wm. H. Harrison was the guardian of Col. Hamtramck's children, all minors. A son of Doct. Harvey Lane, John F. Ham-, tramck Lane, born in Ste. Genevieve in 1812, died there July 16, 1826, aged 14 years. Doct. II . Lane had died there a year previously in 1825. A daughter, Harriet, is the wife of Henry G. Sonlard, of St. Louis. Another was the wife of Julius Chenie, of St. Louis, both now deceased. Col. Hamtramck was attached to the 1st U. S. Reg't from its commencement in 1784, he was with Gen'l Harmer in 1790, St. Clair in 1791, Wilkin- son 1792, finally at Yincennes and Detroit. Col. H. being in Pittsburgh on business in March, 1801, invited the officers of his Regiment then sta- tioned at that post to dine with him on March 4th, Pres't Jefferson's inauguration day. At 4 p. M., they assembled at the garrison, and duly celebrated the day' in an appropriate manner, Capt. Read of the Artillery fired the salute, and Major Craig, Quarter Master, prepared the fire works. Inscription on his monument at Detroit : " Sacred to the memory of John F. Hamtramck, " first United States Regiment of Infantry, and " commander of Detroit and its dependancies, he 11 departed this life on llth April, 1803, aged 45 " years, 7 months, 28 days. 374 APPENDIX. " True patriotism and a zealous attachment to lib- " erty, joined to a laudable ambition, led him to " military service at an early period of his life, and " an active participator in all the dangers, difficul- ties and risks of the Revolutionary war, and his " heroism and uniform good conduct procured him "the attention and thanks of his friends and the "immortal Washington. "The United States in him have lost a valuable " officer, a good citizen and member of society, his " loss to his country is incalculable, and his friends " will never forget the memory of Hamtramck. " This humble monument is placed over his "remains by the officers who had the honor to " serve under his command, as a small but grateful "tribute to merit and worth." GOV'K MERIWETHER LEWIS, was born Aug't 18, 1774, near Charlottesville, Al- bemarle County, Virginia. His grand-uncle, John Lewis, had been a member of the King's Council before the Revolution. Another of his grand-uncles, Fielding Lewis, was a brother-in-law of George Washington, having married a sister of Wash- ington. In 1794, at the age of 20 years, he joined the volunteers called out by Washington to suppress the Whiskey Insurrection in the western part of Pennsylvania ; from this he was appointed by Wash- ington a Lieut, in the Regular Service of the CAPT. M. LEWIS. 375 United States, and in 1797, at the age of 23-years, was promoted to a Captaincy. At the first inauguration of President Jefferson, in ]801, he appointed Capt. Lewis his private Sec- retary, which position he filled for two years until 1803. In this year after the promulgation of the treaty of cession, Congress made an appropriation " to explore the Missouri River, cross the Stoney " Mountains, and descend some river to the Pacific " Ocean." President Jefferson, knowing well the man from his infancy, at once selected him to the command of the expedition, and as, in the event of an accident? it was necessary that some one should be associated with him in this then very hazardous expedition, Mr. William Clark, a younger brother of Col. George Rogers Clark of Revolutionary history, was appointed, and received the commission of Cap- tain . (Hence called " expedition of Capts. Lewis & "Clark.") Jefferson's instructions to Capt. Lewis are dated " Washington, July 4, 1803." Thus instructed Capt. Lewis left Washington on the next day, July 5, 1803, then 29 years of age, and proceeded to Pittsburgh to fit out the expedition. The time necessary for this purpose, the low stage of water in the Ohio, and other causes, so retarded the move- ment of the expedition, that on its arrival at Caho- kia, opposite St. Louis, the season was too far advanced to ascend the Missouri River this season. (It was during this winter of 1803-4, that, while 376 APPENDIX. waiting here for the spring to prosecute his voyage, Capt. Lewis was present at the transfer of the country to the United States on the 9th of March, 1804, and that his name is affixed, as one of the wit- nesses, to the official document executed by Delas- sus and Stoddard to that effect.) Capt. Lewis' party consisted originally of 28 per- sons, viz. : l^ine young men from Kentucky, 14 U. S. sol- diers, 2 Canadian boatmen, Capts. Lewis and Clark, and a negro servant of Capt. Clark. When leaving here in the spring, Capt. Lewis added to his party 1 Indian Interpreter, 1 Hunter and 35 boat hands, the party then numbering 45 in all. The expedition left Wood river, opposite the mouth of the Missouri, where the boats had win- tered, on the opening of navigation in the spring of 1804, and reached the Mandan Villages in latitude 47 degrees 21 minutes, where they spent the first winter in a rude Fort erected for their shelter and protection. In the spring of 1805 Capt. Lewis dispatched a pirogue with 13 of his boat hands to St. Louis with dispatches, &c., for the government, and having lost one man, his party now numbered 31 men. On the 7th of April he resumed his movement ascending the Missouri River, and reached the falls of the same about the middle of June. About the last of July, they reached the three forks which they named Jefferson, Madison and Gallatin, as- cended the Jefferson fork, the northern and largest, CAPT. M. LEWIS. 377 to its source, procured horses and a guide from the Shoshonee Indians in August, passed through the Mountains, reaching the western slope Sept. 22nd built canoes and embarked in them on the Koos- koosky, a branch of the Columbia, on October 7th, and reached the Pacific Ocean Nov'r 15th. Here they also erected a fort, and passed the second winter, on the South bank of the Columbia River. On the 23rd of March, 1806, they recommenced the ascent of the river on their return home, left their canoes on May 2nd, crossed the mountains as in going on horseback, reached the Missouri river August 12th, and St. Louis Sept. 23rd. Absent on the expedition 2 years, 4 months and 10 days. After spending some little time in St. Louis, Capts. Lewis & Clark proceeded to Washington, where they arrived in Feb'y, 1807. Congress passed an act granting each of them and their companions a donation of lands. Shortly after this Capt. Lewis was appointed Governor of Upper Louisiana, and Capt. Clark, General of the militia. When Governor Lewis returned to St. Louis, " he found the Territory distracted by feuds and " quarrels among the officials, and the people " greatly discontented." Mr. Jefferson in his sketch of Gov. Lewis, says, " he took no sides "with either party, but administering even-handed "justice to all, soon established a respect for his 11 person and authority, and time wore down ani- " mosities, and reunited the citizens again into one "family." 378 APPENDIX. In the autumn of 1809, his affairs requiring- his presence in Washington, he left St. Louis in Sep- tember to proceed down the river to New Orleans and there take a coasting vessel around from his youth he had been subject to occasional fits of low spirits and despondency, and on his arrival at the Chickasaw Bluffs (now Memphis) somewhat indis- posed, he changed his mind and concluded to go through by land. Mr. Neeley, U. S. agent for the Chickasaw Indians, who was to accompany him, perceived in him occasional symptoms of derange- ment of mind. After passing the Tennessee river about a day's journey, they stopped for the night of October 10th at the house of a Mr. Griner. At about 3 o'clock in the morning of the llth, Mrs. Griner was awak- ened by the report of a pistol from the room occu- pied by Gov. Lewis, followed in a little while by a second. On entering the room the Governor was found dead in his 'bed, with a bullet hole under his chin up to and through his skull. The place where this occurred is near Gordon, the county seat of Lewis County (named by the Legislature in honor of Governor Lewis) in Middle Tennessee. He was only 35 years of age (near this spot the Legislature of Tennessee erected in the year 1848, a gray stone monument of native rock, about 25 feet high, inclosed with an iron rail- ing, with suitable inscriptions on the four sides) . Before leaving St. Louis on this his last journey, Governor Lewis, on the 19th day of August, 1809, GEN. WM. CLARK. 379 appointed his " three most intimate friends, William " Clark, Alexander Stuart, and Wm. C. Carr, his "lawful attorneys, with fuil authority to dispose of " all or any part of his property real and personal, " and to pay, or receive, all debts due by or to him "&c.," executed in presence of Jeremiah Connor and Sam'l Solomon as witnesses. From the fact of his naming three attorneys clothed with such full powers as are usually exer- cised by Executors only, it would seem to indicate that he might have had some foreboding that he might never return to St. Louis, even if he then entertained no idea of self destruction. Edward Hempstead was appointed administrator of his estate by the General Court of the Territory of Louisiana in 1810. . Lewis had purchased several pieces of land in the vicinity of the village, among them a 3 l /2 arpent piece from John Mullanphy, adjoining Roys Mill tract, just above the north end of the then village. The Belcher Sugar refinery is on part of it, and Lewis Street, named after him, is also on it. In concluding this brief sketch of M. Lewis, I deem it the proper place to say a few words of his associate in the expedition, and intimate friend. GEN. WM. CLARK, was born in Caroline County, Virginia, Aug't 1, 1770, and was a younger brother of Col. Geo. Rogers Clark of Revolutionary fame. In 1784 his 380 APPENDIX. father moved to Kentucky, and settled at the Falls of the Ohio, now Louisville. In 1788 he was appointed an Ensign. In March, 1792, promoted to a Lieutenancy, and appointed Adjutant and Quarter-Master. These positions he resigned in July, 1796, owing to ill-health. In 1803 he was appointed a Lieutenant of Artillery with orders to join Capt. Lewis in his expedition to the Pacific Ocean. In 1806 he was promoted to first Lieutenant of Artillery. President Jefferson ap- pointed him a Lieut. Colonel, but the appointment not being confirmed he resigned from the regular service in 1807, and was appointed Brigadier Gen- eral of the militia of the Territory of Upper Louisiana. In 1813 he was appointed by President Madi- son, Governor of Missouri Territory, succeeding Governor Benj. Howard, which position he filled to the satisfaction of all parties, until the admission of Missouri into the Union. The office of Superintendent of Indian Affairs having been established by Act of Congress, he was appointed to the position by President Monroe in May, 1822, which office he held for 16 years until his death on Sept. 1, 1838, at the age of 68 years and one month. As some thing co-incident in the lives of these two men, they were both from the same State, Virginia, both associated in the conduct of the expedition to the Pacific, and both became gov- ernors of the Territory, and so close the intimacy GEN. Z. M. PIKE. 381 between them, that Clark on the birth of his first son, named him after his old associate Meri wether Lewis. Gen'l Clark was twice married, his four sons by his first wife are all deceased. His only one by his second, Jefferson K. Clark, being the sole survivor. GEN'L ZEBULON MONTGOMERY PIKE, was born at Lamberton, New Jersey, Jan'y 5, 1779. Son of Major Zebuloii Pike of the Revolutionary Army, who moved over to Bucks Co., Penn'a. March 3, 1799. Appointed Ensign in the 2nd Regiment of Infantry. April 24, 1800. 1st Lieut, same Regiment, 1802, transferred to 1st Regiment. 1806. Captain same Regiment. 1809. Major same Regiment. 1810. Lieut. Col. 4th Regiment. 4th July, 1812. Colonel 15th Regiment. Feb'y, 1813. Brigadier General. Married in 1801 at 22 years to Clarissa Brown of Kentucky. Killed at York (Toronto),- Upper Canada, April 27, 1813. Aged 34 years. About the time of the transfer in 1803-4 Lieut. Pike was in command for a time at Kaskaskia, the first Military Post established by the U. S. on the Mississippi River after the treaty with Spain in 1795. 382 APPENDIX. LIEUT. ZEBULON M. PIKE'S Exploration to the Sources of the Mississippi River, 1805 and 1806, appointed by Gen' 1 James Wilkinson, U. S. Army, to the command of the party. Lieut. Z. M. Pike. Interpreter, Pierre Rosseau. Sergeant, Henry Hennerman. Corporals, Wm. E. Meek; Samuel Bradley. Privates. Jeremiah Jackson. John Brown. John Boley. Jacob Carter. Thomas Douglass. William Gordon. Solomon Huddleston. John Mountjoy. Theodore Miller. Hugh Menaugh. Alexander Roy, John Sparks. Patrick Smith. Freegift Stout. Peter Bran den. David O wings. David Whelpley. 22 in all. This party left St. Louis, Friday, Aug't 9, 1805, in a keel boat, on Sat., Feb. 1, 1806, arrived at Leech Lake, extremity of navigation, in 47 16' 18", north latitude, and returned to St. Louis, all well, April 30, 1806. Absent 8 months 22 days. CAPT. PIKE'S, SECOND EXPEDITION THROUGH LOUISIANA. Capt. Z. M. Pike. Lieut. James B. Wilkinson. Doct. John H. Robinson. /Sergeants Joseph Ballenger, William E. Meek. Corporal Jeremiah Jackson. GEN. M. PIKE. 383 Privates. John Boley. Theodore Miller. Henry Kennerman. Hugh Menaugh. Samuel Bradley. John Moimtjoy. John Brown. Alexander Roy. Jacob Carter. John Sparks. Thomas Douglass. Patrick Smith. William Gordon. Freegift Stout. Solomon Huddleston. John Wilson. 23 in all. Interpreter, Baronet Vasquez. The party left St. Louis July 15, 1806. As- cended the Missouri and Platte rivers, crossed the mountains, and on Oct. 27, reached the Arkansas, which they at first supposed was the Red River. Here Capt. Pike divided his party. Lieut. Wilkinson with Sergeant Ballenger, and privates Boley, Bradley, Wilson and Huddleston, and Interpreter Baronet Vasquez, seven in all de- scended the River in canoes to ^Few-Orleans, which they reached in February, 1807. While Pike and Doct. Robinson with the balance sixteen in all, ascended the River, traversed the mountains into Mexico and Louisiana, arid reached ^atchitoches on Red River, July 1, 1807, absent a year. ZEB. M. PIKE, Major. 384 APPENDIX. OFFICIAL CORRESPONDENCE. M. LEWIS, COL. OHOUTEAU AND FLEMING AND FREDERICK BATES. CITY OF WASHINGTON, Feby. 11, 1807. Sir: This will be handed you by a particular friend and acquaintance of mine Mr. Fleming Bates, late Judge of the Michigan Territory and receiver of public monies at Detroit. Mr. Bates has been recently appointed the Sec- retary of the Territory of Louisiana, and recorder of the Board of Commissioners for adjusting the land claims in that territory and is about to estab- lish himself at St. Louis, in order to take on him the discharge of the duties incumbent to those offices. The situation of Mr. Bates as a public officer sufficiently shows the estimation in which he is, in my opinion, deservedly held by the Executive of the United States, and consequently renders any further observations, in relation to his talents or integrity unnecessary on my part. You will confer an obligation on me by making Mr. Bates ac- quainted with the respectable inhabitants of St. Louis and its vicinity, or by rendering him any serv- ice which it may be in your power to give him. The papers you confided to my care have been laid before the Executive, but as yet I have received OFFICIAL CORRESPONDENCE. 385 no answer on the subject ; nor do I believe that any definite answer will be given, or measures taken in relation to the land claims of Louisiana, until after the passage of a law on that subject which is now under the consideration of Congress. I shall probably come on to St. Louis in the course of the next fall, for the purpose of residing among you ; in such an event I should wish timely to procure a house by rent or otherwise for my ac- commodation, and I have fixed my eye on that of Mr. Gratiot, provided we can come on terms which may be mutually agreeable. I would prefer renting or leasing to purchase ; in either case the enclosure of the garden must be rendered secure, and the steps and floor of the piazza repaired by the 1st of Oc- tober next. I would thank you to request Mr. Gratiot to write me on this subject, and to state his terms distinctly as to price, payment, etc., in order that I may know whether my resources will enable me to meet these or not, or whether it will become necessary that I should make some other provision for my accommodation. My respectful compliments to your lady, Mad'e P. Chouteau, and my friends of St. Louis and its vicinity, and believe me Your sincere friend and Obed't servant, MERIWETHEB LEWIS. MOX'E, AUG'T CHOUTEAU. 25 386 APPENDIX. ' ST. Louis, May 27, 1807. Sir: I had this afternoon the honor of receiv- ing your polite intimation with respect to a Parade of Volunteers. It is believed to be an affair, over which the Executive ought to have no controul. I should be gratified by your making on this, and all similar occasions, such dispositions and arrange- ments, as will be satisfactory to yourself and to the people. I am Sir, very respectfully Your most Obed't Servant, FL. BATES. COL. AUG'T CHOUTEAU. COL. CHOUTEAU. Sir: I received last afternoon your friendly and hospitable Billet and intended to have had the honor of accepting the invitation which it con- tained, but the press of business which I ought not for a moment to postpone, will I hope be a sufficient apology for my not waiting on you. I am Sir, Most respectfully, Your Obed't Servant, FL. BATES.* July 8, 1807. * Fleming Bates died Dec. 29, 1830, in his 53d year, at Northumber- land, Virginia. OFFICIAL CORRESPONDENCE. 387 SECRETARY'S OFFICE, ST. Louis, Aug. 1, 1809. Sir: I have the honor to send herewith three pamphlets of the acts of the Congress of the United States, also, a volume of the Laws of this territory, comprising the whole, at this time, in force, passed subsequently to the cession. I have the honor to be Very respectfully, Sir, Your most Obed't Servant, FREDERICK BATES. Hon'ble Aug't Chouteau, Judge of the Court of Common Pleas, &c., &c. ST. Louis, Sept. 6, 1809. Sir: I have the honor to enclose you the bond of Francis Deroin, deposited this morning in my office, also a new License and Bond, which you will have the goodness to be executed at your leisure. I have the honor to be, Very respectfully, Sir, Your Obed't Servant, FREDERICK BATES. Hon. Augte. Chouteau. ST. Louis, llth Sept., 1809. Sir: I had the honor to receive this moment your nomination of sundry persons to fill the vacan- 388 APPENDIX. cies occasioned by the resignation of Major San- guinet. I expect the printer will supply me, in a few days, with blanks, when these appointments will be made immediately. I have the honor to be, Very respectfully Sir, your most Obed't Servant, FREDERICK BATES. Hon. Augt. Chouteau. Lieut. Col. comd'g 1st Keg't Militia. Sir: One of your Hunters applied yesterday at my office for a license to hunt on the Osage river. As I did not hear the name of the man, I have the pleasure to enclose you a blank. The name may be reported to me at some future time, when con- venient. I have the honor to be, Very respectfully Sir, your most Obed't Servant, FREDERICK BATES. SEPT. 23, 1809. The Hon. Augte. Chouteau. ST. Louis, Sept. 4, 1810. Sir: I enclose Patent certificates Nos. 78, 79, 80 and 81 on the commissioners ^STos. 336, 376, 403 and 363. I have been obliged to delay these papers longer OFFICIAL CORRESPONDENCE. 389 than I could have wished, in order to obtain certain explanations from the Surveyors. With very great respect, I have the honor to be Sir, your most Obed't Servant, FREDERICK: BATES. Hon. Auguste Chouteau. ST. Louis, April 28, 1813. Sir: I have the honor to enclose a letter to the General Commissioner of the land-office, enclosing the corrected plat and patent certificate for your Mill Tract. Be so obliging as to put a wafer in it before delivery to Major Hemp stead.* I have the honor to be, Very respectfully Sir, your Obed't Servant, FREDERICK BATES. Hon'ble Augt. Chouteau. MISSOURI TERRITORY, EXECUTIVE OFFICE, Aug. 11, 1819. Sir: I have this moment the honor to receive your letter of yesterday, enclosing a copy of a Treaty negotiated by yourself and Col. Stephenson, com- * Edward Hempstead, then acting commissioner of the General Land Office. 390 APPENDIX. missioners on the part of the United States, with the Kickapoo Indians, on the 30th July last. With great respect, I have the honor to be, Sir, your Obe't Servant, FREDERICK BATES. The Hon. Augt. Chouteau. BELLE-FONTAINE'S EARLY HISTORY. A large portion of the people of our City, at the present day, imagine whenever they hear the term Bellefontaine made use of, that it is the name ex- clusively of the Cemetery so designated, but few of them, perhaps, being aware of the fact that Belle- fontaine proper is a locality some ten miles distant from the cemetery, which last received the name simply from the fact of lying on the road to Belle- fontaine. The association that originated the ceme- tery, named it at first the "Rural Cemetery" and subsequently changed it to "Bellefontaine," per- haps as more euphonious. Bellefontaine lies on the south bank of the Missouri river, in St. Ferdinand Township of St. Louis County, in Sec. 10, Town- ship 47 north, range 7 east, and is just 14 miles due north from the Court house. It was a noted point in the early annals of St. Louis, and its history and events that there occurred, if detailed at length, would fill quite a volume. Early in the year 1768, but a few years after the birth of the village, and while yet there was no legally established government in the country on BELLE-FONTAINE. 391 this side of the River, everything, being in abeyance, awaiting the appearance of those to whom the country had been ceded by the French King, Capt. Rios of the Spanish service, with some twenty-five soldiers, arrived from below, sent up by Count Ulloa to establish the Spanish author- ity in this Upper Louisiana. Meeting with a very unwelcome reception from the people of the place, although, following the example of their country- men below, they did not oppose his landing, his first step was to select a suitable location for a Fort, .as protection from Indian inroads on the north, and to provide quarters for his men. He selected this spot, and late in the season com- pleted his Fort which he named, "Fort Prince Charles ' ' in honor of the son of his King, and heir to the Throne. It does not appear to have been long occupied as a Military Post by the Spanish, in the year 1769 Rios returned below with his men, and Piernas came up in 1770. It was afterwards converted into a Factory, or trading Post with the Indians, although still called the "Fort," and is mentioned in several documents of the time under that title. However Governor Zenon Trudeau, on Sept. 10, 1797, granted to a Hezekiah Lard, a concession of one thousand arpents of land on the Missouri river, through which runs the ' ' Cold water ' ' or Belle- fontaine creek ; on this land Lard built a house, saw and grist mill, and cleared a farm, and on this land was the Old Fort or Factory. Lard died in 1799, 392 APPENDIX. and in 1803 his estate was sold at public sale, in par- tition and six hundred arpents of the tract were pur- chased by a William Massey, upon which was the old Factory and buildings. This closes its history for the forty years that the Country was in pos- session of the French and Spanish. It received the name of Belle-fontaine by the French and Spanish traders from a large spring at the foot of the Bluffs near the river. After the transfer of the country to the United States in 1804, Gen'l James Wilkinson, then in command of the Army of the United States, selected Bellefontaine as the most suitable position for the headquarters of the U. S. Military on the western waters. The U. S. troops were first can- toned at Bellefontaine in temporary log-huts in the years 1805-1806. April 20, 180(5, Gen'l Wilkinson for the U. S. purchased from William Massey, five acres of land with the Factory and buildings called Bellefontaine, with the use for five years of the ground then used for the cantonment, with the buildings, gardens, woodlands, &c. Upon these five acres Gen'l Wil- kinson erected the buildings for a permanent post. July, 1806, Gen'l Wilkinson purchased the whole tract of 500 arpents excepting the 5 acres pre- viously purchased for the U. S. and in March, 1809, conveyed it to the U. S. who then owned the whole tract a considerable portion of which was kept in cultivation to supply the wants of the men. After the establishment of Fort Atkinson, Coun- BELLE-FONTAINE. 393 cil Bluffs on the Missouri, Fort Snelling, St. Peters, on the Mississippi, and the various other military posts on these two rivers, Bellefontaine was no longer the rallying point of the U. S. Mili- tary in the west (but a few troops were still kept there for a few years longer) and from its inac- cessibility in seasons of low water, it was deemed best to abandon it altogether, and establish the headquarters of the U. S. in the west, at a more suitable and accessible point, for which purpose the site of the present Jefferson Barracks was selected, and on the 4th July, 1826, Col. Talbot Chambers with his four companies of the 1st Infantry, the last U. S. military occupants of the Fort, aban- doned the old place forever and removed to the new site selected by the U. S. (Jefferson Barracks) for what was then contemplated to become the chief point for the concentration of the U. S. Military. After the removal of the troops it remained in charge of a military store keeper * for some ten years. In 1836 Gen'l Lewis Cass, Sec'y of War under Van Buren, ordered it to be sold at public sale. It was purchased by Jamison Samuel, Dunham Spald- ing, H. N". Davis and E. L. Langham, who laid out on it their " Town of Bellefontaine," but as it never came to anything it was again converted into a farm, and was purchased by the late Doct. David C.t Tandy of this City, whose son, Kobert E. Tandy, at present resides on the place. * Old Major John Whistler of the Revolution. 394 APPENDIX. The prospect from Bellefontaine north is very fine. Immediately opposite on the north side of the Missouri River, lies the south-east point of St. Charles County, low and flat, of alluvial formation, extending some three miles east to the junction of the two rivers ; across this flat point of land at the distance of four miles due north, the City of Alton on the east bank of the Mississippi is in full view, the high bluffs on that side pointing out the course of the river for. some distance above that City. The bluffs on this side are 170 feet above the river, ascertained by the old well which had to be exca- vated to that depth before reaching water. The noted Spring from which the place received its name, is near the foot of the Bluffs on this side, but the encroachments of the river have swept it away. The track of the old upper road to Bellefontaine, can be traced to this day (1880) through Belle- fontaine and Calvary cemeteries, and from Baden, at the forks of the old Hall's ferry road to the Spanish pond, it runs pretty much over the same ground for 120 years. OLD LAND-MARKS. There yet remain here at this day (1888) some eight or ten dilapidated old houses of the early times, and as in a very brief period they must inevitably be removed to make way for others, it might be a matter of some little interest to a por- JUDGE WM. C. CARE'S. 395 tion of the present generation, to take a cursory glance at these old relics of by-gone days, enabling them at a future period to realize the fact, that they were here in time to witness for themselves some of these old remains of earlv St. Louis. And more especially as some of these old ruins had been erected and were occupied for a time by individuals, who, in their day and generation, were prominent in this community, several of them having filled important public positions. These old houses are in chronological order. JUDGE WM. c. CAKE'S. A two-story brick dwelling at the southeast corner of Main and Spruce Streets (now No. 400 South Main), built by Judge Win. C. Carr, in 1815, for his own residence, the fifth brick house built in St. Louis, and the first one expressly for a dwelling, and was occupied by the Judge for several years, until he removed to his new place in the country, in what is now Franklin Avenue. In the year 1820 it was occupied for a short time by Doct. Bernard G. Farrar, on his return from Kentucky with his second wife, the late Mrs. Farrar. It was next a sort of Military Headquarters and Bachelor's Hall, being occupied in 1821 conjointly by G-enl. Henry Atkinson, Major Thomas Biddle and Capt. Tom Smith, U. S. Army, and Major Richard Graham, U. S. Indian Agent, all four at '396 APPENDIX. that period unmarried men, but Graham, and he a widower. Subsequently by other parties, until eventually it was altered for a drinking saloon, as it is yet so occupied. THE HAMMOND RESIDENCE. A two-story frame house, No. 217 South Third Street, west side, third house above Myrtle, built by James Irwin, a Carpenter, in 1815, who sold it to Col. Saml. Hammond in 1818, who occupied it for some years, succeeded by other first-class families, it being 1 not only a genteel but fashionable locality for many years. In this house in 1827 Col: John O'Fallon was married to his second lady, Miss Caroline Sheets. THE OLD RIDDICK MANSION (BRICK). N"os. 617 and 619, west side of South 4th, oppo- site Plum Street, built by Col. Thomas F. Riddick for his residence in 1818, then in the country. House 36 feet front by 18 deep, two rooms above and two below, the window glass below 13 by 18 inches, sent for to Pittsburg, extra large size. At that day there was no Fourth Street south of Elm, all being enclosed, the house was approached from the east by the road, now Plum Street, and was for years the southwest house of the then vil- lage, the surroundings originally several feet higher were cut down in grading the streets. This old house had a noted history for some WM. BENNETT'S MANSION HOUSE HOTEL. 397 years it was the residence of Col. Riddick. It was then opened in the summer of 1823 by Blanchard and Storrs as a public resort, called the Yaux Hall Garden, subsequently occupied by Major Faysseau, U. S. Quarter Master, and finally by Judge Luke E. Lawless, who died in it. This locality was a very fashionable quarter. WILLIAM DEAKEKS, A stone mason, built in 1819-20, in a deep sink hole at the northeast corner of Elm and Sixth, a two-story stone dwelling, in which he died in 1820. In raising the street to its present grade, it left but the upper story above the street level, at this day occupied as a saloon. WM. BENNETT'S MANSION HOUSE HOTEL, Built in 1816 by Gen'l Wm. Rector, U. S. Sur- veyor General for Illinois and Missouri, for his office and residence, at the northeast corner of 3d and Yine. , Enlarged by him early in 1819 for William Bennett's Hotel, who opened the house in the summer of 1819, and it was occupied as such for many years, during which it has been the scene of many interest- ing and note-worthy incidents, sufficient in them- selves to fill a large volume. Old Manager Samuel Drake's Theatrical Company from Cincinnati and Louisville, on its first visit to St. Louis in the winter of 1819-20, performed in the large dining room of this hotel. 398 APPENDIX. The Convention that framed the Constitution of the State of Missouri, held its sittings in June, 1820, in the same long dining room, and it was for many years our principal ball room. This building was removed a few years since, to make way for the large business house now occupy- ing its site. MAJOE WM. CHRISTY'S Old stone residence in North St. Louis, erected for him in 1818. This house, then two miles out in the country, stands at present at the northwest corner of Monroe and Second Streets, then not far from the river bank. Here the Major and his family lived for many years, he dying in it in April, 1837, and his widow continuing to occupy it for a number of years after- wards. It was a fine house in its day, but has long since been converted into a manufactory. During its long occupancy by this noted family of the olden days, it was much frequented by the elite of St. Louis society, several of the daughters and family connections were married in it, and it was frequently the scene of much gayety and festivity. HEXRY GRATIOT'S Old farm house, built by him about the year 1810, the first house built on the " Gratiot League Square," and one of the earliest near the village, where he lived for a number of years after his JOHN P. CAB ANNE'S. 399 marriage in 1813. A weather boarded log house 1 1-2 stories high, 50 feet long, by 16 deep, on a stone foundation about 4 feet high, with a stone chimney at each end. Three doors on the east front, one to each room, with a shed over the steps to each, in place of the gallery which originally extended along the whole front of 50 feet ; the rear gallery still remains in a dilapidated condition. It stands on high ground overlooking the country in each direction, about three-eighths of a mile west of the King's Highway, which is the east line of the " Gratiot League Square," and 150 yards north of Pattison Avenue which leads to it. A deep well of water stands about 50 yards north- east of the house. A part of the stone founda- tions of Gratiot' s old mill, are still to be seen, (1881) a short distance north of the house, on the slope of the hill which descends to the river Des Peres, and the ruins of the old stone spring-house, in a hollow about 200 yards east, as also a num- ber of old dead apple-trees in the orchard. The builder of this house died at Barnum's Hotel, Baltimore, in April, 1835. JOHN P. CABANKE'S Brick country residence on the King's Highway, in survey Ko. 3052. Situated now (1881) just opposite the west end of a proposed new wide road from Yande venter Avenue to Forest Park, to be called "Forest Park Boulevard." It is 140 yards 400 APPENDIX. south of the west end of Laclede Avenue, and 165 yards north of the angle in the front line of King's Highway. In the year 1819-20, Mr. Cabanne, who had resided with his young family in the town during the twenty years he had been engaged in mer- chandising, being about to relinquish that branch of his business, and devote his whole attention to the fur business exclusively, which would necessi- tate his absence from home the most of his time, built for his family (eight children, the oldest not yet fifteen) a residence in the country immediately west of the center of our town, on the eastern line of the above tract, ~No. 3052, the King's Highway (now the eastern front line of Forest Park) a brick residence, where the family resided some twelve or fifteen years, until 1833, when Mr. Cabanne built his city residence at ^To. 28 Vine Street, in which house he died on Sunday, June 27, 1841, aged about 68 years. This old "Cabanne Mansion" was the first brick house built in the country outside of the old town, consequently the " Pioneer Brick." It was known to almost the whole population of the county far and wide, and with its quaint old wind mill and out houses could be seen from a long distance from all directions except the west, where the primeval forest hid it from view. Occupied by that family, father and son, for near half a century, noted for their hospitality and gen- erous mode of living, it had been the scene of many a gay and joyous occasion. JOHN P. CABANNE'S. 401 In it two of the daughters of the house had entered the marriage state ; Adelle, the eldest daugh- ter, to Jno. B. Sarpy, in 1820, the first year of its occupancy, and Julia, in 1830, to Lieut. Jas. W. Kingsbury, U. S. Army. The third daughter, Louisa, was also united to an officer of the Army, Lieut. Albert G. Edwards, at present our Sub- Treasurer at St. Louis, although not at this, but at their city residence, 'No. 28 Vine Street. After Mr. Cabanne, Sr., had removed to the city, he conveyed to his eldest son, John Charles, a large portion of this land from the south end including the Mansion, etc., who made it his residence until the year 1850, in which year he sold it to Alban H. Glasby, of Gaty, McCane and Glasby, who also lived on the place for some years, and there laid out his Town of Hockessin in 1854, and resold to Mr. Chas. Cabanne the Homestead and adjacent im- provements with a few acres of land. This old land-mark, true, by no means an impos- ing structure, but simply an unpretentious country mansion, yet, from its quaint style of architecture and well preserved condition so far from being an eye-sore, suggesting its removal, was an ornament to the spot, and with very little labor and expense in improving the surroundings, could easily have been made an attractive spot and an object of historical interest. To sum up all, there was every reason in the world why this old land-mark should have been pre- served, and none whatever for its unjustifiable 26 402 APPENDIX. destruction, it can only be partially excused by the supposition that the party who caused its removal was totally ignorant of its early history and the writer of this feels almost persuaded that had the Superintendent of the Park been anyway posted in regard to its early history and associations, he would not have allowed its removal. GOVERNOR BENJAMIN HOWARD, Member of Congress from the Lexington, Ken- tucky, district, was nominated by President James Madison, April 17, 1810, for Governor of Upper Louisiana to succeed M. Lewis deceased. 1810 Sep. 17. He arrived in St. Louis, and assumed the duties of the office. " Oct. 31. He appointed Thomas T. Crittenden of Ste. Genevieve, Attorney General of the Territory. 1811. Renewed the commission of Frederick Bates, as Secretary of the Territory for four years. " Feby. 14. He was married in London County, Virginia, to Miss Mary T. Mason, daughter of S. T. Mason, dec'd. " On Monday Deer. 2nd, Governor Howard and lady arrived in St. Louis. 1812. Gov'r Howard's proclamation dividing the Territory into five counties, St. Charles, St. Louis, Ste. Genevieve, Cape Girardeau, and New Madrid. " Appointed by President Madison, a Brigadier General, in the U. S. Army. GOV. BENJAMIN HOWARD. 403 1812 ^ov'r. 28. A dinner was given him by a large number of citizens of St. Louis, as a mark of their appreciation of his measures for the defence of the Territory. 1813 March 21. Death at Lexington, Kentucky, of Mrs. Howard, wife of Gen'l Benjamin Howard TJ. S. Army. " Sept. 8. Being about to set out on "an ex- pedition against the Indians of Illinois, he executed his will at Portage des Sioux, nam- ing his nephew Benj. Howard Payne of Lex- ington, Kentucky, as the heir of his estate.* " Sept. 10. He set out from Portage with 1400 men on his expedition. 1814 Sept. 18. Death at St. Louis of Genl. Benj. Howard U. S. Army, late Governor of the Territory. After Christy's addition of ]STorth St. Louis was laid out in 1817 the remains of General Howard were removed to the Protestant Cemetery in the north circle, now Grace Church, and covered with a stone slab. General Howard left no children, a sister was the wife of Edward C. Payne, Sr., of Lexington, Ken- tucky, they had six sons, and the eldest Benj. Howard Payne, the sole heir of his uncle, after whom he was named, died unmarried in 1821, leav- ing five brothers, of whom the fourth, Thos. Jef. Payne, acquired the interest of the others, and came to St. Louis about the year 1828. After a residence * The will recorded at Lexington, Kentucky. 404 APPENDIX. of about forty years in Missouri, the latter part of this period in St. Charles County, he died in St. Louis in 1867, and is interred in Belief on taine Ceme- tery. Mr. Thos. J. Payne had acquired from various parties, the large body of land lying between Grand Avenue and the King's highway, now embracing Shaw's Botanical Garden, Tower Grove Park, etc., which he was the first to improve and put in cultiva- tion, and on which he lived for a number of years, previous to disposing of it to Mr. Henry Shaw. JUDGE HUGH HENKY BRACKENRIDGE , was born in Scotland in the year 1750. In 1755 hie father, a farmer and poor, came over to America, and settled in York County, Penn- sylvania. With a few old books, then scarce, and a little teaching he pursued his studies, and at 18 years of age, he succeeded in getting into Princeton Col- lege, where he taught two classes for his support. Then took charge of an Academy in Maryland. In 1777 he joined the Army, crossed the mountains to Pittsburgh in 1781, read law with Judge Chase, and in 1788 was at the head of the Pittsburgh bar, and afterwards elected to the Legislature. On the election of Governor McKean, 1800-01, he appointed him a Judge of the Supreme Court of the State, which he filled until his death in 1816, at 66 years of age, universally respected for his integ- rity and talents. HENRY M. BRACKENKIDGE. 405 Alleghany County was organized from Westmore- land and Washington, in September, 1788, it in- cluded all the country in Pennsylvania, north of the Ohio, and west of the Alleghany, out of which was formed in 1800, the counties of Beaver, Butler, Mercer, etc. PITTSBUBGH, was Fort Pitt until 1784, when the Town was laid out and surveved. Town incorporated in 1794, the year of the Whisky Insurrection, and the City in 1816. ALBERT GALLATItf'S PLACE was New Geneva, Fayette County, on the Monon- gahela. He was in Congress from 1795 to 1801, six years, and appointed Secretary of the Treasury by Jeffer- son in 1801, and was succeeded in Congress by J. B.C. Lucas in 1801 and 1803. HENKT M. BRACKENRIDGE, ESQ., was born in Pittsburg, then called Fort Pitt, in 1786. His father, Judge Hugh H. Brackenridge, author of several works, was an eminent Lawyer, his mother died when Henry was an infant of eighteen months of age. In 1791, when he was five years old, his father married again, the daughter of a German farmer and Justice of the Peace near Pittsburgh. In 1792 or 93, when about six years of age, his 406 APPENDIX. father sent him to Louisiana, under the care of John B. C. Lucas, a friend of his father, then at Pitts- burgh, who occasionally traded to Louisiana, to be placed in some French family where he might learn the French language. He left him for a short time in ]STew Madrid, then came by land to Ste. Gene- vie ve, Henry riding a pony. Here he left him with old Mr. Beauvais, in whose family Henry passed over two years, treated like one of the children, he became a complete French boy, and almost forgot his English language. In 1794-5 Lucas came for him, took him up the Ohio in a canoe, and left him with Doct. Saugrain in Galliopolis, Ohio, he was then between 8 and 9 years old; he stayed in Doct. Saugrain' s family about one year. In 1795-6, General Wilkinson passing up the Ohio river with his family, at the request of young Brack- enridge's father, took him home in his own boat, to Pittsburgh, he being then in his tenth year. Here he remained at home with his step-mother, who was very kind to him, for about three years, taking lessons from his father at home until he was thirteen years old. In 1799 he went to the Town Academy for the next two years, until 1801, when fifteen years old; in 1803 commenced the study of Law in his father's office, at 17 years, and then went to Jefferson Col- lege, Philadelphia, for six months, boarding at Mrs. Earl's with several young men attending the college. HENRY M. BRACKENRIDGE. 407 In 1805-6 he was admitted to the bar, about twenty years of age. After trying for a time Baltimore, Bedford, Somerset, etc., he finally left Pittsburgh for St. Louis in April, 1810, and arrived at New Madrid in May, and went by land to Ste. Genevieve. He became acquainted with Messrs. Bradbury and Nuttal, two English naturalists. Traveled over much of the New Louisiana Territory, ascended the Missouri River to Fort Mandan, 1700 miles, and wrote those essays for the Repub- lican in 1810. In November he left for New Orleans, where he arrived about the first of January, 1811. He spent two years in traveling over the new States, part of the time as Deputy Attorney Gen- eral, and part of the time as a District Judge. His health becoming somewhat impaired, he resigned and went north again in 1812-13. He was in Baltimore in June 1816 and 17, en- gaged in the publication of some of his works. In 1817-18 he made a voyage to South America by order of the American government, in the U. S. Frigate Congress, visiting Cuba and Mexico. He came again to St. Louis about 1820 and was here for several years at the time and after we became a State. He was a great friend of Pres't Jackson, who appointed him U. S. Judge for the Dis- trict of Florida. Subsequently he settled himself on a seat named Tarentum, on the Alleghany 408 APPENDIX. river, 21 miles above Pittsburgh. Here he ended his days, after serving his constituents in the lower house of Congress. THE ROOK SPRING, WEST ST. LOUIS. Three miles from the Mississippi River, at the western end of Laclede Avenue, a prolongation of Market Street, a little northwest of the Rock Spring addition, and just east of the old Rock Spring Catholic Cemetery, a large spring gushes out from beneath the rocks, which underlie the rising ground to the west. This is the well-known " Rock Spring" of the early days of St. Louis, which in the olden time when far out in the country removed from the Town, was celebrated for the beauty of its surround- ings, and was for some years the most attractive resort in our neighborhood, when beautifully shaded by large native forest trees, and the scene of many gay and happy occasions of the young people of the day. This Spring was the principal source of the little stream- called in the French days of St. Louis, " la petite riviere" and which after meandering through the valley of the Cul de Sac in a direction a little south of east, fed by a few other smaller ones, entered the Mississippi just below the gas works at the foot of Convent Street. This little stream, which in the early days of the village was clear and limpid furnishing the largest COL. BENTON AND ANDREW JACKSON. 409 portion of the water that then formed the beautiful lake, known in its day as " Chouteau's pond," no longer exists, its bed being superseded by the great Mill Creek sewer, now completed from the river to beyond Grand Avenue, to be continued eventually to its source. COL. THOS. H. BENTON AND ANDREW JACKSON. "FRANKLIN, TENNESSEE, Sept. 10, 1813. " A difference which had been for some months " brewing between General Jackson and myself, " produced on Saturday, the 4th hist., in the Town " of Nashville, the most outrageous affray everwit- " nessed in a civilized country. " In communicating this affair to my friends and " fellow- citizens, I limit myself to the statement of " a few leading facts, the truth of which I am ready " to establish by judicial proofs. " 1st. That myself and my brother, Jesse Benton, " arriving in Nashville on the morning of the affray, "and knowing of Genl. Jackson's threats, went "and took our lodgings in a different house from "the one in which he stayed, on purpose to avoid "him. " 2nd. That the General and some of his friends " came to the house where we had put up, and com- " menced the attack by levelling a pistol at me, "when I had no weapon drawn, and advancing " upon me at a quick pace, without giving me time " to draw one. " 3rd. That seeing this, my brother fired upon 410 APPENDIX. " General Jackson, when he had got within eight or " ten feet of me. "4th. That four other pistols were fired in quick " succession, one by General Jackson at me, two by " me at the General, and one by Col. Coffee at me. " In the course of this firing General Jackson was " brought to the ground, but I received no hurt. " 5th. That daggers were then drawn. Col. 11 Coffee and Mr. Alexander Donaldson made at me "and gave me five slight wounds. Captain Ham- " mond and Mr. Stockley Hays engaged my brother, " who being still weak from the effects of a severe "wound he had lately received in a duel, was not " able to resist two men. They got him down, and "while Capt. Hammond beat him on the head to "make him lay still, Mr. Hays attempted to stab " him, and wounded him in both arms as he lay on " his back parrying the thrusts with his naked "hands. From this situation a generous-hearted " citizen of Nashville, Mr. Sumner, relieved him. " Before he came to the ground, my brother clapped "a pistol to the breast of Mr. Hays to blow him " through, but it missed fire. " 6th. My own and my brother's pistols carried " two balls each; for it was our intention, if driven " to our arms, to have no child's play. The pistols " fired at me were so near, that the blaze of the ' ' muzzle of one of them burnt the sleeve of my " coat, and the other aimed at my head at little "more than arm's length from it. " 7th. Capt. Carroll was to have taken part in DANIEL BOONE. 411 " the affray, but was absent by the permission of " General Jackson, as he has since proved by the " General's certificate a certificate which reflects i ' I know not whether less honor upon the General " or upon the Captain. " 8th. That this attack was made upon me in the " house where the Judge of the District, Mr. " Searcy, had his lodgings ! So little are the laws " and its ministers respected! Nor has the civil "authority yet taken cognizance of this horrible " outrage. ' ' These facts are sufficient to fix the public "opinion. For my own part I think it scandal- " ous that such things should take place at " any time, but particularly so at the present ' ' moment, when the public service requires the aid "of all its citizens. As for the name of courage, "God forbid that I should ever attempt to gain "it by becoming a bully. "Those who know me know full well that I ' * would give a thousand times more for the reput- " ation of Croghan in defending his post, than I "would for the reputation of all the duelists "and gladiators that ever appeared on the face " of the earth. tt THOMAS " Lieut. Col. 39th Infantry. DANIEL BOONE THE LATTER YEARS OF HIS LIFE, BY REV'D JNO. M. PECK. Daniel Boone born in Exeter Township, Philadel- phia County,* Penn'a, in February, 1735, removed * Afterwards in 1752 forming part of Berks County. 412 APPENDIX. to North Carolina in 1759 when 24 years old, then to Kentucky in 1774 at the age of 39, thence to Upper Louisiana in 1797, when 62 years of age, where he died on Sept. 26, 1820, immediately after the organization of our State of Missouri, in his eighty-sixth year. Many Kentuckians came to St. Louis between the years 1794 and 1803. Boone, in a manner having been despoiled of his successive homes in Virginia and Kentucky by the grasping disposition of man- kind, and his own neglect to perfect his titles to the improvements he had made, and being somewhat disgusted with the cupidity of his fellowmen, resolved, in his old age, to remove west of the Mississippi, where his oldest living son, Dan'l M. had established himself the year previously at Femme Osage in the District of St. Charles, about 45 miles west of St. Louis. So in 1797, upon the invitation of Lieut. Gov. Trudeau, who had prom- ised him a grant of land, he came to St. Louis where he was welcomed by Gov'r Trudeau to Upper Louisiana, and went to reside with his son Dan'l M. at the village of Charette. 1798, Jan'y 24. Gov'r T. made him a grant of 1000 arpents of land in Femme Osage District; which was surveyed for him Jan'y 9, 1800. He was appointed by Gov'r Delassus July 11, 1800, Syndic (Civil magistrate) and commandant of that settlement of Femme Osage, which office he held at the date of the transfer to the U. S. March 10, 1804, and was glad to relinquish w r hen the new C. HARDING AND J. J. DOUBERMAN. 413 U. S. government was set in operation by Gen'l Harrison in October of that year, he then verg- ing on 70 years and much broken by a life of privation and exposure. In 1804 he removed to his youngest son's Nathan, with whom he resided until 1810, and then to his Son in Law's Flanders Galloway at the village of Chare tte some miles further west. His wife Mrs. B. whom he had married in Penn'a when both were young, died in 1813 at the age of 76 years, after which he broke down rapidly. He was visited in 1818 by the Rev'd Mr. John M. Peck, at his Son in Law's house at Charette. His portrait was taken in the summer of 1820, by Chester Harding, who went from St. Louis ex- pressly for the purpose, the Rev'd J. E. Welch supporting him. He died a couple of months after this, on the 26th Sept., 1820, at the residence of his youngest Son Major Nathan Boone, near St. Charles, in the 86th year of his age. Boone was a man of 5 feet 10 inches in height and spare, his two oldest sons James and Israel had been killed by Indians he left 3 sons, Dan'l Morgan, Jesse and Nathan four daughters, Mrs. Callaway and three others. CHESTER HARDING AND JOHN J. DOUBERMAN. In the year 1820 there came to our Town of St. Louis, Chester Harding from Kentucky an embryo portrait painter. He had been originally a house 414 APPENDIX. and sign painter, with a natural talent for painting fancy picture signs, in imitation of the then famous Woodside of Philadelphia. He remained with us for some time, during which he took the portraits of exceeding an hundred persons more or less prom- inent in our community, historically and in private life, amongst them that of Col. Dan'l Boone, then on his last bed, a few months prior to his death in 1820, at the residence of his son Nathan Boone in St. Charles County. Leaving here he painted at the east for some years, acquiring money and reputation in his pro- fession, went to Europe, studied the great masters in Rome and Florence, then lived for some years in London, with the reputation of an artist, acquired wealth at 25 guineas a portrait ; finally returned to the United States, and made his home at Boston, where he ended his days not many years back, in the enjoyment of an ample competence. One of his daughters, the widow of the late Judge John M. Krum, one of our former City Mayors, deceased but a few months back, has resided here for forty- five years. Chester Harding during his sojourn with us in 1820-21 associated with him as an assistant in his studio, a young man, John J. Douberman, from Philadelphia, who had served his time with Reuben Mears, a fancy chair-painter of that City. This D. was quite an artist in that line of painting, with a happy faculty for catching the likeness of persons, even more so than Harding himself, under whose ROBERT A. BARNES. 415 instructions he soon became an expert portrait painter, although not up to Harding in his coloring, in which particular H. excelled. Harding would touch up the first attempts of Douberman, and had he remained longer with us, this young man might have risen to become his equal in that profession. He died in St. Louis about the year 1830. EGBERT A. BARNES, was born in Washington City, Dist. of Columbia, Novr. 29, 1808. His ancestors came from Norfolk County, England, in 1662, and settled in Charles County, Maryland, near Port Tobacco on the Potomac. He came out west to Louisville in 1822, and to St. Louis in 1830, and established himself in business, which he carried on successfully for many years. In January, 1845, Mr. Barnes was married to Miss Louise, third daughter of the late Julius Demun, Esq. He was for over twenty years a Director and President of the old State Bank of Missouri, char- tered in 1837. Having acquired considerable property, Mr. B. retired from active pursuits some years back, with an ample fortune. He is now in his eighty-first year, living alone with his wife, they having no children. 416 APPENDIX. THE MOST KEV'D ARCHBISHOP, LOUIS WM. V. DUBOUKG, was born at Cape Francois, San Domingo, Feb'y 14, 1766, and educated in France, and studied Theology at the Seminary of St. Sulpice. The Revolution drove him from France in 1792, and he fled to Spain, whence he went to Baltimore in the U. S., where he arrived in December, 1794. In 1795 he became a priest of St. Sulpice, and in 1796 President of St. Mary's Ecclesiastical Semi- nary, Baltimore, which in January, 1805, he raised to the rank of a University. In 1809 he established the Sisters of Charity in Baltimore, and in 1811 founded what is still the mother house of the order for the United States at Emmetsburg, Maryland. In October, 1812, he was appointed Apostolic administrator of the Territory of Louisiana, and arrived in New Orleans at the close of the year. In 1815 he went to Rome, and was there consecrated Bishop of Upper and Lower Louisiana on Sept. 24, 1815. On his return he brought with him five priests and twenty-six young men Lazarists. He arrived in the United States Sept. *14, 1817, and proceeded to St. Thomas' Seminary at Bardstown, Kentucky. He reached Ste. Genevieve Deer. 27, 1817, accompanied by Bishop Flaget, to select the site for the Bishop's Episcopal residence and Seminary, and on January 5, 1818, the two Bishops reached St. Louis. ARCHBISHOP DUBOURG. 417 Here he established his Episcopal residence, and continued until 1824. On March 25th he conse- crated Father Rosatti Coadjutor Bishop of St. Louis, and then went to New Orleans to reside. In 1815 Bishop Dubourg had founded the Society for the " Propagation of the Faith," and in 1818 St. Mary's College and Seminary at the Barrens in Perry County. While in Europe in 1817, he had applied to the Superior General of the Order of the Sacred Heart, for a colony of Ladies to establish a house of the order in St. Louis. In August, 1818, the Ladies of the order arrived, also Sisters of Loretto, and organized their schools at Florisant. In 1820 the College of St. Louis attached to the Cathedral was established. He also established Missionary Schools among the Indians. In June, 1826, Bishop Dubourg left New Orleans for Montauban in the South of France, to which See he had been appointed Bishop, and in February, 1833, he was made Archbishop of Besancon, in Franche Comte. He died in Deer., 1833, aged near 68 years. His will, executed Deer. 5, 1833, at Besancon, is recorded here, as he held property which he gave to the Church. He was a liberal tolerant gentleman, of expanded views, and of untiring zeal and energy. In 1818 there were seven Chapels and but four Priests or Curates in Upper Louisiana. The Chapels were St. Louis, Ste. Genevieve, Florisant, and New Madrid, on this side of the River, and Cahokia, Kaskaskia and Prairie du Kocher in Illinois. 27 418 APPENDIX. Fathers ISTiel, Pratte, Saulnier, Dahmen, De- Andreis, Cellini, Rosatti, DeNeckere, Acqueroni, Ferrari, Tichitoli, Deys and Jean-Jean officiated at the Cathedral in St. Louis during Bishop Dubourg's time. Father DeAndreis was Vicar General and died in 1820. Father DeNeckere became Bishop of New Orleans, and died of yel- low fever in 1833. Revd. Joseph Rosatti was consecrated Bishop of Tenagre and Coadjutor Mar. 25, 1824, and was transferred to St. Louis March 27, 1827. THE OLD BRICK CATHEDRAL OF 1820. The corner-stone of the first brick church was laid by R. Revd. Bishop Dubourg on March 29, 1818, and was inaugurated on Sunday, January 9th, 1820, (Epiphany falling on Thursday, Jany. 6,) by the Right Revd. Bishop, who preached on the occasion in French and English. It was com- menced when everything looked bright and aus- picious for the future, business brisk, and money, such as it was, in abundance. The Commissioners of the Congregation selected to cajry on the work, were August and Pierre Chouteau, Srs., Bernard Pratte and others. By the time the building was covered in, late in 1819, a revulsion in business had occurred, money had become scarce, the 50 Independent Banks of Ken- tucky and other kindred institutions in the West, Ohio, Indjana, Tennessee, etc., that had furnished nearly all of our circulating medium, to use an expression of the day, had all " busted up." The THE OLD BRICK CATHEDRAL. building was never finished interiorly, and our com- missioners, who had made themselves personally liable, were compelled to apply to the State authorities for relief in the premises, or foot the bills out of their own pockets. Accordingly upon the application of the three above named gentlemen, "An Act of the Legislature," for the relief of " Auguste Chouteau and others, commissioners of " the Roman Catholic Church, approved Deer. 17, " 1822," authorized them to sell at public sale by the Sheriff, so much of the Church Block in " St. " Louis, as was not used for Church and Cemetery " purposes, as would be necessary to indemnify " them for the amount they had advanced and had " become responsible for in the erection of the " Brick Church to the extent of $4,500." Accordingly, at the request in writing of the said commissioners, Auguste Chouteau, Pierre Chouteau and Bernard Pratte, Sheriff John K. Walker sold at public sale, Sept. 16, 1823, the south part of the Block, being the Walnut Street front, as per plat of division, made by the parties interested.* Lot No. 1, 97 by 131 feet, with barn, stable, etc., for $301 Lot No. 2, 75 by 131 feet, with the orchard. 201 Lot No. 3, 70 by 150 feet, with the Pres- bytery, kitchen and new brick house . . 501 Lot No. 4, 48 by 180 feet, with the College. 201 Total . $1,204 * Recorded in Book M, page 48. 420 APPENDIX. Father Kiel, the President of the College, was the purchaser, and on May 25, 1824, conveyed to the three above named parties the same, except the College building, which he reserved with three feet of ground around the same.* Bernard Pratte, Auguste Chouteau and Pierre Chouteau re-conveyed to Bishop Joseph Rosatti, July 1, 1828, for $4,748.28 with 6 per cent, interest, the foregoing Church property.f The old brick Church continued to be occupied as such, until the completion of the new Stone one on the Walnut Street front of the Block, which was opened for divine service in October, 1834, when the old one was abandoned to the lessees of the ground on which it stood. It was then used as a warehouse for the next six months until it was destroyed by fire, on the night of April 6, 1835. THE OLD BRICK COLLEGE ON SECOND STREET. After the R. Rev'd Bishop Dubourg had laid the corner stone of the first Brick Church in 1818, and during the progress of its erection, he, assisted by his Vicar the Rev'd Francis Mel and other Catho- lics, took the incipient steps to establish a College, on a small scale at first, suitable to the times and circumstances, to be extended at a future period, as might be found expedient or necessary. With that view, and to aid the undertaking, the * Book M, 50. t Book 0, 339. THE OLD BRICK COLLEGE. 421 following document was drawn up, and received the approval and signature of all the Catholic house- holders of St. Louis, including a few, who not themselves " Catholics," were allied to Catholic families. We the undersigned, inhabitants and property holders of the Town and parish of St. Louis, Territory of Missouri, members of the Roman Catholic religion, being informed that the Reverend Francis Niel, Vicar of this parish, by the authority of the right Rev'd Bishop Gruillaume Dubourg, has undertaken to erect at his own cost, on a lot form- ing a part of the yard of the Presbytery, a house to be used for lodging the Clergy of our Church, and the keeping of a school for the education of youth; considering the various useful purposes of this enterprise, and desiring to protect it from all claims or molestation on the part of persons badly informed, or badly disposed, as far as necessary, we hereby express our entire approbation of the build- ing of such a house, and inasmuch as in our said capacities we might have a right to dispose of the lot forming part of the Presbytery, we warrant the free use thereof for the purpose hereinabove mentioned to the clergy of our communion by the authority of our Bishop. Made and executed at St. Louis, Territory of Missouri, the 30th October, 1819.* Auguste Chouteau. Antoine Chenie. Bernard Pratte. Jules Demun. * Book I, page 35. 422 APPENDIX. Jeremiah Connor. Victoire Gratiot. Cabanne". Silvestre Labbadie. Gregoire Sarpy. M. P. Leduc. Silvestre V. Papin. Hypolite Papin. Charles Bosseron. Rene Paul. Pierre Chouteau. Pierre Provenchere. L. L. Lemonde. Joseph Bissonnet. Gabriel Paul. Thomas Brady. John Braud. Michael Tesson. Francis C. Tesson. Antoine Dan gen. Pierre Didier. Joseph Bouju. Peter Primm. Veuve Pescay. Landreville. Yeuve Yincent Bouis. John B. D. Belcour. Hubert Guion. Francois Robidoux. Joseph Robidoux. Joseph X Salois. Yincent Guion. Charles Billon. Joseph Charless. Philip Rocheblave. Manuel Alvarez. Yeuve Eug'e Alvarez. Hyacinth Renard. MePe A. St. Cyr. C. De .Hodiamont. John Bap. Bouvet. Joseph Labbadie. Joseph X Lacroix. Jno. B. X Molaire. Francois Derouin. Jno. B. X Dumoulin. Louis Brazeau. Joseph X Philibert. Joseph Yasquez. Antoine Yasquez. Pierre X Sabourin. Jean Louis X Provenche. Hyacinthe X Lecompt. Louis Tesson Honore. Yeuve X Ortes. Yeuve X Marli. Pierre X Duchouquette. Alexandre Bellisime. Francois Yalois. Batiste X Duchouquete. Pierre X Barribeau. Auguste X Alvarez. THE OLD BRICK COLLEGE. 423 Louis X Desire. Pierre X Gueret. Alexis X Lalande. Michel X Bertrand. Auguste X Guibor. Antoine X Crevier. Veuve Benito X Vasquez Antoine x Rencontre. Jno. Bap. x Gagnon. Laurent X Lanodiere. Francois Lebeau. Charles Le Guerrier. Antoine x Dutremble. David Monestes. Felix X Fontaine. David De Launay. Joseph X Montague. Paul x Primo. Paul x Des jar dins. Vincent x Guitarre. Louis x Guitarre. Jean x Latresse. Joseph x Jovial. Francois X La Rivierre. Pierre x Belleville. Francois x Caillou. John B. Hortiz. Veuve Ant. X Morin. Francois x Bouche. Francois x Clement. Jno. B. Truteau. Joseph x Leblond. Henry Gratiot. Antoine x Bissonnet. John Little. .John B. Sarpy. Joseph x Leberge. Charles x Leberge. Francois x Fouche. Veuve x Simoneau. Barthtelemy x Arnaud. Veuve Laquaisse. Joseph Papin. Veuve Dubreuil. Pierre x Detailly. Vital x Beaugenou. Lambert x Lajoie, Jr. Michel x Marly. Veuve x Charleville. Pierre Chouteau, Sr. Antoine Soulard. James G. Soulard. Chas. D. Delassus. Thomas McGuire. Louis De Thiers. Jno. B. Mathuriu. Francois x Ride. 424 APPENDIX. JEFFERSON BARRACKS. A BRIEF SKETCH OF ITS EARLY DAYS. The United States having selected the place for what was then contemplated to be the chief point for the concentration of the U. S. Military in the West, and having purchased the title to the land from the people of Carondelet. On Tuesday, July 4, 1826, Colonel Talbot Cham- bers with his four companies of the First Regiment U. S. Infantry, the last of the U. S. Military occupants of the old Post of Belief ontaine, estab- lished by General Wilkinson in 1807, abandoned the old place forever, and went down to the new site, then heavily timbered, where they pitched their tents, naming it " Cantonment Adams," after the then President of the United States, and com- menced the labor of clearing the land for the new Post. On the 17th September following they were joined by the 3rd Regiment of Infantry, Col. Henry Leavenworth, from Green-Bay, who named their temporary encampment " Camp Miller," after the then Governor of the State of Missouri, a former Colonel in the United States service. After the temporary log cabins for the men were completed and the whole force established in winter quarters about Christmas time, the place was very appropriately named "Jefferson Barracks," in honor of the author of the declaration of our Independence, whose death had occurred on that JEFFERSON BARKACKS. 425 same July 4, 1826, that the establishment had its birth. On the completion of their winter quarters and the garrison comfortably housed therein, the Officers gave the elite of St. Louis Society a fine ball in their temporary Mess-room, improvised for the occasion, which is thus noticed in the Missouri Republican of January llth, 1827. "A splendid ball was given in honor of the 8th " January, to a large company of ladies and gen- " tlemen from the City, by the officers of the U. " S. Army stationed at the Military Post (Jeffer- " son Barracks), ten miles south of the city." In due time this was reciprocated, from the fol- lowing in the Republican of Thursday, Feb'y 8, 1827. " COMMUNICATION. " In return for a like civility, and in testimony " of the high respect entertained for the gentleman- " like and military bearing of the Officers at " Jefferson Barracks, an entertainment was given " them by the citizens of St. Louis on Wednesday, " the 31st January. " The large Indian Council-room (General " Clark's) was selected for the occasion and was " decorated in a style reflecting much credit on " those who superintended its arrangement. " The company assembled about 8 o'clock to the " number of 200. The beauty of the ladies was " heightened by a taste and elegance of costume, " and a grace in the dance, that might well draw an 426 APPENDIX. " exclamation of surprise from those who judge of " us merely by the remoteness of our situation, the 61 gay uniforms of the gallant guests, the excellence " of the music, the brilliancy of the lights, the good " humor and politeness that everywhere prevailed, " formed a toute ensemble that would have done " honor to any City, and was a favorable evidence " of the advance of society west of the Missis- " sippi. " At half past one, the company sat down to one " of the most sumptuous suppers we have ever " seen. Every luxury that could be procured was 11 on the table, and the ornaments were appropriate " and surmounted with mottoes complimentary to " the guests. " The repast being ended, a toast was announced " from the head of the table ; it was " The Army of the United States, " Glory to its Military capabilities, " Honor to its Civic Virtues. " The toast was received with enthusiasm, and " the company soon after adjourned to the Ball u room, where the dancing was kept up until the " approach of morning." 1827. On the opening of navigation of the Missouri river in the spring, the force at the Bar- racks was considerably augmented by the arrival of the 6th Regiment U. S. Infantry, from Fort At- kinson, Council Bluffs, on the Missouri, which they had established in the year 1820, and where JEFFERSON BARRACKS. 427 they had remained from that period until relieved this year, 1827. During this season a large force of Stone Masons, Carpenters and others, were busily engaged in erecting the permanent stone buildings of the Barracks for the Quarters of the Officers and men, clearing and preparing the Parade ground, out buildings, &c., &c., under the supervision of Brevet Brigadier General Atkinson, Senior Officer in command of the Post. From the Republican, June 28, 1827. " Major General Jacob Brown, accompanied by " his Aid Lieut. Vinton, of the U. S. Artillery, " arrived at Jefferson Barracks on June 20, 1827, " on a tour of inspection of the Military posts of the " United States. " On the 22nd he reviewed the troops now there, " viz. : " Of the 1st Reg't U. S. Infantry, six companies. " " 3rd " " " six " " " 6th " " " ten " Twenty-two " " On Saturday, the 23rd, accompanied by Gen- " eral Atkinson, he visited the old Military station " at Belief ontaine. " On Sunday, the 24th, he attended Divine " Service at the Presbyterian Church in St. Louis, " on the occasion of Missouri Lodge No. 1 Free " Masons, observing the Anniversary of St. John, " the Baptist. 428 APPENDIX. " On Monday, the 25th, a dinner was given him " by the Officers at the Barracks, and on Wednes- " day, the 27th, he left on the Steamer Herald for " Louisville, after a stay here of seven days." General Brown died in Washington City on Sun- day, the 24th of February, 1828, just eight months from the day he attended the Masonic services at the Church in St. Louis on June 24, 1827. His funeral took place on Thursday, the 28th, to the Congres- sional Cemetery, attended by the largest concourse that had ever been seen there on a similar occasion, he procession being a mile and a half long. The Secretary of War, James Barbour, in a Gen- eral Order of Feb'y 28, 1828, " announces his death " to the Army, and directs the Officers to wear the " usual badge of mourning, crape on the left arm " and on the hilt of the sword, for six months, and " guns to be fired at every Military Post at intervals " of thirty minutes from the rising to the setting of " the sun, and the National Flag to be suspended at " half mast." GENL. HENTIY ATKINSON, U. 8. ARMY, died at Jefferson Barracks, June 14, 1842, and was buried there on June 16th. Owing to the disposition of the United States troops at that time, there were but few regular sol- diers then at the Barracks. The St. Louis Greys and Boone Infantry, two of our Volunteer Com- panies, formed the Military escort. They went down on the Steamer Lebanon, with a number of Ladies- FRED'C L. BILLON. 429 and Gentlemen of the City, others went down by land. At 12 o'clock M. the procession moved from the General's residence on the river bank to the Cemetery, where the last rites were performed by Rev'd Mr. Hedges, Episcopal Chaplain at the Barracks. Republican, June 17, 1842. GENL. STEPHEN F. KEARNEY, after his return from the Mexican War, was in com- mand at the Barracks in Oct., 1848. He died in St Louis on the 30th. His funeral, the largest and most imposing that had ever occurred in St. Louis to that time, took place on Thursday, Nov'r 2nd, the Military escort consisting of a Detachment of his Regiment, the first Dragoons mounted, and the 7th and 8th Regiments of Regular Infantry from the Barracks, with the Volunteer Companies of St. Louis, the Greys, Fusileers, Yagers, Artillery and Dragoons, from St. George's Episcopal Church, northwest corner of Locust and Seventh, Bishop Hawks officiating, to the Episcopal Cemetery, where the remains were deposited. FRED'C L. BILLON, FROM j. THOS. SCHARF'S ' ST. LOUIS/ " Frederic L. Billon has recorded the fact that he had no sooner arrived here in 1818 with his father than he began to think of getting materials together 430 APPENDIX. for a portrait of the picturesque old town, and he has been employed upon that labor of love ever since, giving to it all the antiquarian's patient research, until he is almost as familiar with the ancient population as he w^as with his own contem- poraries, and far more so than with the present generation. We look upon Mr. Billon's work as almost unique of its kind, and it is so positively un- American. Who else in all this land has done or attempted to do such work except Peter Force, of Washington, D. C.? It must be in his blood the patient, careful devotion to minute, microscopic detail of the hereditary Swiss watchmaker for while Mr. Billon's mother was French, and a refugee from insurgent San Domingo, his father was Swiss, and a watchmaker, though born in Paris. " Mr. Billon was born in the city of Philadelphia, at the southeast corner of Third and Chestnut Streets, on Thursday, April 23, 1801. He lived in and about that locality, then the business center of the city, for more than seventeen years. During his youth he went to school for some seven or eight years to Peter Widdows, an Irish gentleman of thorough education, a Free Quaker, who taught his school in Church Alley, adjoining Christ's Episcopal Church, and just opposite to another School, under the charge of Talbot Hamilton, formerly of the British navy, who had served with Nelson in the Mediterranean. At that day there were but few schools in the large cities of the United States taught by Americans, the popular belief then prevalent FRED'C L; BILLON. 431 among all classes being that thorough information could only be obtained from those of foreign birth. 1 ' When a school boy he cared little for such sports as tops, marbles, kites, balls, &c., but delighted in athletic recreations, such as running and jumping, swimming, skating, rowing or any amusement that required activity of body or limbs, long walks, &c. During his boyhood he was frequently indulged in holidays and made many excursions into the country adjacent to the city in all directions, even to the adjoining counties, from which he became familiar with the surroundings of Philadelphia in almost every direction, to the distance of some thirty or forty miles from the City. " During the progress of the war with England in 1812-15, he spent many evenings at home, reading to his father, an indifferent English scholar, from the papers of the passing occurrences of the day. When in 1814 the British took Washington and attempted the capture of Baltimore by their attacks on- North Point and Fort McHenry, and ascended Chesapeake Bay to its head, although but a lad of fourteen years, he was one of those detailed to work on the fortifications erected southwest of the City, below Gray's Ferry, on the Baltimore turnpike- road, and was on several occasions a visitor at the encampments of Volunteers at Kennett's Square, Chester County ; at Camp Dupont, on the Brandy- wine ; and at Marcus Hook, Delaware Co., where some ten thousand men were concentrated. 432 APPENDIX. " Leaving school, upon the conclusion of the war in 1815, at the age of fourteen years, he assisted in his father's business, that of an importer of watches and clocks from his native country, Switzerland, and on the occasion of his father's last visit to his native place, in the summer of 1815, following the battle of Waterloo and the second abdication of the first Napoleon, he was left in sole charge of his father's business during his absence of some six or eight months in Europe, as also during his father's frequent business trips to 'New York and South as far as Charleston, South Carolina. "In the summer of the year 1818, business being completely prostrated in all the principal cities at the East, and many turning their attention to the * Far West,' beyond the Mississippi, his father with nine children to set afloat in the world, falling in with the popular sentiment of the day, concluded to abandon the City with which he had been identified for nearly a quarter of a century and seek a new home for his infant colony in the West beyond the ' Father of Waters.' "Accordingly, on the morning of Sunday, August 30, 1818, accompanied by his oldest son, the subject of this sketch, then a young man in his eighteenth year, they left Philadelphia in the mail stage for Pittsburgh, three hundred miles, which place they reached on Friday, Sept. 4th, in six days. From this point they descended the Ohio in a keel-boat, reaching Shawneetown, one thousand miles from Pittsburgh, about the middle of October. Thence FRED'C L. BILLON. 433 they proceeded by land through Illinois to Kaskas- kia, crossing the Mississippi to Ste. Genevieve in a canoe and thence to St. Louis, which point they reached on Wednesday, Oct. 28th, having consumed just sixty days on the route, about the usual time required for the trip at that day. 4 ' After spending the winter of 1818-19 in the place selected for their future domicile, and purchased the old stone mansion of the Labbadies, at the northeast corner of Main and Chestnut Streets, for the recep- tion of his family when he should arrive with them in the ensuing fall, his father set out on his return to Philadelphia on horseback in April, 1819, leav- ing Frederic in charge of his business, and to attend to the alterations and improvements necessary to make his purchase habitable. He reached Philadel- phia in May, remained there a couple of months, and left with his family in July, arriving in St. Louis in September, 1819. The family was domi- ciled in their new home at the close of the month. "The summer of 1819 was a noted one in the annals of St. Louis, for notwithstanding the great sickness and mortality of that particular year, in the shape of bilious and intermittent fevers, which prevailed to a great extent throughout the settle- ments on the western waters, it was the year of extensive Military operations on the part of the United States, in extending their out posts far beyond their former limits, the old frontier post at Belief ontaine, on the Missouri. Major Stephen H. Long's scientific expedition to the Yellowstone 28 434 ' APPENDIX. in the * Western Engineer ; ' Colonel Henry Atkinson's ascent of the Missouri with the Sixth Regiment, United States Infantry, to establish Fort Atkinson, Council Bluffs ; Col. Josiah Snel- ling's expedition with the Fifth Regiment to estab- lish Fort Snelling at St. Peters, on the Mississippi, and other movements of .minor importance, requir- ing the use of numerous boats and paddle-wheel barges, of which a number were lost in the Mis- souri, are vividly impressed upon the memory of Mr. Billon, that being his first summer in the then remote west. "Late in the year 1819 the first ' uniformed ' company of Volunteer Infantry west of the Missis- sippi, styled the i St. Louis Guards,' was raised in St. Louis, of which Mr. Billon became a member in the following year, and in 1824 received his commission as ensign of the same from Gen. Wm. H. Ashley, Lieut. Governor. " In 1820 he witnessed the excitements attending the adoption of the State Constitution and the establishment of the State government. " In September, 1822, his father, Charles F. Billon, Sr., died, leaving the charge of his widow and children to his oldest son, F. L. Billon, who had just attained his majority. "His first vote was cast for the acceptance of the city charter in February, 1823, from which date he has been a voter at every City and State elec- tion down to the present day, as also at every Presidential election in the State from the first in FKED'C L. BILLON. 435 1824, and was an eye-witness and participant in many interesting events and occurrences connected with the Town, City and State governments in that early period of St. Louis' history. 4 'In the year 1827, while absent on business in Philadelphia, he was elected an alderman from the Central ward of the thre into which the city was then divided, and in 1828 was re-elected to the same position. " On May 20, 1829, his brothers and sisters being mostly grown to maturity and disposed of, he him- self entered the married state with Miss E. L. Generally, like himself a native of Philadelphia, of French parentage. With this lady he passed thirty- six years of wedded life until her death, Feb. 11, 1865. He was the father of twelve children, but three of whom survive. ' ' In the year 1834, his health being materially impaired by his constant devotion to business, he, by the advice of his physician, the late Doct. Will- iam Carr Lane, made a trip to Sante Fe and the Rocky Mountains, then not a trifling undertaking, requiring some ninety to one hundred days in cross- ing the plains with wagons and ox- teams, and returned in the fall much improved in health. " In 1851-52 he was twice nominated by Mayor Luther M. Kennett to the position of City comp- troller, and on each occasion unanimously confirmed by the board of Aldermen. " In 1853 he was appointed the first Auditor and general Book-keeper of the Missouri Pacific Railroad, 436 'APPENDIX. filling the position for five years, and then suc- ceeded, in 1858, to that of Secretary and Treasurer of the same company, resigning the office at the close of the year 1863, after some eleven years in the service of the company. Since that period he has devoted much time to literary matters, more particularly to the task o gathering up the data and materials for an early history of the country bordering the Mississippi in its entire course, in the pursuit of which he is still occupied at the age of eighty-two years." J. T. S. 1883. ' INDEX FIRST. HISTORICAL INDEX. PAGE American Fur Company, Copartnership formed . . .33 Amusements ......... 77 Bank of St. Louis 85, 86, 87, 88 Bates, Fredk., Acting Governor, Proclamation . . .45 Belief ontaine, Cantonment of Troops at . . .24 Account of the Post 92 Col. Wm. Russell in Command . ' . . .94 Early History of ... 390, 391, 392, 393, 394 Benton, Thomas H., Duel with Charles Lucas ' . 82, 83, 84 Account of difficulty with Gen'l Jackson . 409, 410, 411 Berry, Major, Editorial from Jos. Charless . . . .61 Boone, Daniel, Act of Congress for Relief of . . .58 Brackenridge, H. M., Letter to Joseph Charless . . 36, 37 Carondelet, Population of 35 Carroll, Archbishop, Death of . . . . .63 Clark, Wm., Governor, Proclamation apportioning Represent- ation in Territorial Assembly 42 Announces result of Election for Delegates . . 43 Convenes Special Session Legislature . . .51 Crane, A. T., Postmaster at St. Louis . . . .54 Census of 1818 . . . . * . . . . .51 Census St. Louis ........ 132 (439) 440 INDEX FIRST. PAGE Christ Church Congregation 68 Location of Church 69 Chouteau, August P. and Companions return from Imprison- ment at Santa Fe . . . . . . .64 Resolutions of House of Representatives relative to . 65 Cooper County Organized 31 Columbia River, Return of R. Stewart, R. Crooks, J. Miller, and Robt. McClelland from 56 Counties, Divided into Circuits . . . . . .31 Duff, Jno. M., Funeral Ceremonies . . . 92, 9& Eagle Tavern Ill Early Newspapers v . 104, 105 Early Schools and Teachers . . . . 78,79,80 Easton, Rufus, elected Delegate to Congress . . .27 Report on his Election . . . . . .28 Appointed Postmaster .53 England, War with 37 Erin Benevolent Society . . . . . . .67 Enquirer, St. Louis 105^ Farrar, Doct., and Graham, Duel . . . . .81 Franklin County Organized . . . / . .31 Florisant, Population of . . . . . .35- Fort Osage Commenced . . . . . . .33 Treaty with Osages held there by Gen. Clark . . 33 Gazette Statistics . . . . . . '.65 Grand Concert, St. Louis . . . . . .77 Graham, Jas. A. and Farrar, Duel . . . . ... 81 Geyer, Capt. and G. H. Kennerly, Duel . . . .82 Grove Tavern . 114 HISTOKICAL INDEX. 441 PAGE. Harrisonville, Celebration of 4th July at . . . 70 Hempstead, Edward, elected Delegate to Congress . . 42 Herculaneum, Population of ...... 35 Shot Tower 115 Howard County Established . . . . * . 30 Howard, Gov., Public Dinners to .... 55, 56 Leaves Portage des Sioux . . . . .93 History of 402, 403 Hunt, Wilson P., Leaves St. Louis on Expedition to the Columbia . . . . . . . . .36 Illinois Town, Account of . . . . . . . 66 Indians, Census of, in Territory ...... 35 False Report of Attack by 57 Butchery of Inhabitants at Wood River . . .58 loway Indians, Depredations of . . . . .54 Jefferson Barracks, Sketch of in Early Days, 424, 425, 426, 427, 428 Jefferson County Organized . . . . . .31 July Fourth, Early Celebrations of . ' . . .69, 71 Kennerly, G. H. and Capt. Geyer, Duel . . . .82 Lawrence County Established 30 Abolished 31 Lear, Tobias, Death of 63 Lewis, M., Official Correspondence of ... 384-5 Lockhart's Free Ferry 128 Louisiana, Big Swamp of (so entitled) Prediction of Joseph Charless as to . . . . '..'. 33, 34 Louisiana, Treaty Ceding to United States, 366, 367, 368, 369, 370, 371 44:2 INDEX FIRST. PAGE Louisiana District, Laws Enacted at Vincennes ... 1 First Grand Jury 9 Acts of Congress relating to Public Lands . .31 Commissioners of Public Lands . . . .31 -Louisiana Territory, Laws Enacted at St. Louis ... 2 Law Appointing Att'y-Gen'l ..... 2 Relating to Arkansas District ... . .2 Appointing Clerk of General Court . . 2 Establishing Courts ..... 3 Incorporation of Villages . . . .3 St. Louis & Ste. Genevieve Road . . .4 Summary of Facts Relative to Organization, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8 Acts of Congress Changing to Missouri . 26 imcas, Charles, Account of Duel with Thomas H. Benton, 82, 83, 84 Sketch of his Life 84 JLucaa, J. B. C., Addition to St Louis . . . . .62 JVIcNair, Alex., Register of Lands . . . . .63 Mechanics' Benevolent Society, Organization of . . .67 Meramec Shawnees burn three Indians near Cape Girardeau 34 Missouri, Act changing Name from Louisiana . . .41 Bank of, incorporated .30 Fur Company 68, 123 Gazette . 99, 100 Missouri Territory, List of Justices, Clerks, Sheriffs, etc. . 19 First meeting House Representatives . . .27 Arrival of Gen. Wm. Clark , . . 27 Act regulating Weights and Measures . . .28 Old Courts Abolished 29 Office of Attorney-General Abolished . . .30 Third U. S. Census . . 66 HISTORICAL INDEX. 443 PAGE Monks of La Trappe, Notice relating to . . .55 Montgomery County Organized . . . . . .31 New Orleans, Battle of 60 Official Correspondence . . . . . 386, 390 Prairie DuChien, Governor Clark's Expedition to . . 58 Pinckney, Chas. C 54 Pike County Organized . . . . . . .31 Pittsburgh, Early History 405 Post-office, St. Louis 156 Public Lands 31,32 Rector, Elias, Col., Postmaster at St. Louis . . .54 Red Lead, Manufacture of . . . . .56 Rock Spring . 408 Sacs, Foxes, and lowas, Council with at St. Louis . . 33 St. Charles, Celebration of Fourth July at . . . .70 St. Louis County, Act for Jail in 30 St. Patrick's Day, First Observance of in St. Louis . . 68 Scott, John, Report of his election to Congress . . .28 Elected to Congress (1816) 43 Shawneetown, Complaint Against Postmaster . . .57 Simpson, Rob't., Postmaster at St. Louis . . . .53 State Constitution, Account of proceedings in relation to 106, 108 Steamboats, Early 72, 73 St. Louis, First Book printed in 4 First Grand Jury meet at house of E. Yousti . 9 Grand Jurors fined 10 House rented for Prison 10 Merrimac Ferry Licensed . . . . . .10 444 INDEX FIRST. PAGE St. Louis Continued. Rufus Easton Attorney General . . . .11 Ferry Licensed at St. Charles 11 Taxes and Licenses . . . . . . .11 Taverns Licensed . . . . . . .11 Sheriff fined 11 Jos. Browne Appointed Justice Court Common Pleas . I* Andrew Steele Appointed Prothonary . . .12 Military Guard House used as Prison . . .12 Inquest on Body of Gauche Becquet. . . .12 Additional Guard Furnished at Jail . . . .13 Wm. Christy Appointed Clerk of Court of Quarter Sessions 13 Silas Bent Appointed First Justice of the Common Pleas . 13 District Divided into Townships .... 14 Population of Townships . . . . . .14 Change of Sessions Court of Common Pleas . . 14 New Road to Ste. Genevieve Approved . . . 14 First Execution 15 Contumacy of Nancy West .... 16-17 Alex. McNair Appointed Sheriff . . . .18 Election of Trustees (1808) 20 Petition of Inhabitants for Incorporation . . .21 Commisioners appointed to Superintend Election of Trustees 21' Ferry Rates to East Shore 22" Election of Town Trustees . . . .22- Treasurer's Statement 22 Market House Completed 22 First Survey of Town 22, 25 Appearance of Town in 1804 . . . . .23 HISTORICAL INDEX. 445 PAGE St. Louis Continued. Principal Roads 23 Description of Streets . . . . , . 23 Original Streets ....... 24 Lucas and Chouteau's Addition . . . . 25 First Market House 25 Bank of, Incorporated 29 County Court Established 29 Act for Survey and Plat 30 Resolutions at Town Meeting (1812) as to War with England 37-40 Post-Office Established ...... 53 Location of . . . . . . .53 Dinners to Gov. Howard. . . ... 55, 56 Juvenile Company 59 Te Deum on account of Jackson's Victory . .59 Judge Lucas' Addition to 62 Baird's Blacksmith Shop used as a Theater . . 64 Divine Services held at . . . . .64 Census of St. Louis, 1815 66 St. Patrick's Day in 1820 68 Celebration of 4th July . . . . . .71 Theatricals in ....... 73-77 Thespian Society . . . . . . 74-76 Amusements . . .. . . . . .77 <3rand Concert . . . . . . . .78 Museum . . 77 Schools and Teachers 78-81 Early Duels 81-84 Volunteer Companies ...... 89 St. Louis Guards 98, 99 Editorial of Mr. Charless on . . .-'.'. 101, 102 446 INDEX FIRST. PAGE St. Louis Continued. Early Newspapers . . . . . . .105 Early Business Notices 109, 160 Vaccination 112 Bench and Bar . . . . . . . 161 Early Physicians ....... 163 Old Land Marks . 394 Judge Carr's Eesidence 395 Hammond Residence ....'.. 396 Old Riddick Mansion 396 Mansion House Hotel ...... 397 Maj. Wm. Christy's Residence .... 398- Henry Gratiot's Residence ...... 399 Cabanne Mansion 399-403 Old Brick Cathedral . . . ' . . .418 Old Brick College 420-423 Territorial Legislature, Gov. Howard's Proclamation . . 43 House of Representatives ...... 44 Second Session, First Territorial Legislature . . 46 Second Legislature, Second Session . . . .47 Census of 1814 . . . . . . .47 Third Legislature ....... 49 Legislative Council . . . . . . .50 Tippecanoe, Battle of 55 Vaccination at St. Louis 112 Volunteer Companies,. ...... 89, 91 Washington's Birthday, Celebration at St. Louis . . .72 Western Journal ......... 105 Western Emigrant . . 105 "Western Engineer" 98 White Lead, Manufacture of . . . . .56 Yellowstone Expedition, Objects of . . . .97 INDEX SECOND. INDBX OK NAJMKS, ALPHABETICALLY ARRANGED, AS THEY APPEAR IN THE ANNALS. PAGE Adams, Calvin 9, 11 Adams, John 51 Adams, John Quincy .... 210 Alexander.B. W 77 Alexander, Walter B. ... 353 Alcorn, James 50 Allen, Beverly ... 5, 231, 363 Allen, Gerard B 276 Allen, Isaac 147 Allen, Capt. H. M 250 Allen, James E 49 Allen, James 243 Allen, John 11 Allen, John E 9 Alvarez, Auguste A 422 Alvarez, Eugenic . . 78, 270, 422 Alvarez, Manuel 422 Ames, Benjamin ..... 348 Amelin, Alexis 155 Anderson, James 19 Anderson, Garret 359 Anderson, Paul & William 57, 147 Anderson, Thomas L. ... 205 Anderson, Wm. H. H. ... 359 Andreville, Andre 9, 10 Anduze, Aristide 81 Armstrong 115 Arnaud, Bartholomew . . . 423 Arnold, James, Sr. . . 153, 285 Arnold, Wm. & James, Jr. . . 285 Arthur, John 118 Atchison, George 15 Atkinson, Henry, Col. 96, 359, 395, 427, 428, 434 PAGE Atwood, Doct. N. B. 343, 353, 354 Ashley, Wm. H., Genl. . 196, 434 Astor, Jno. J 193 Audrain, J. H. ...... 114 Audubon & Rozier 121 Austin, Horace . 18, 111, 119, 126 Austin, Major Lorenzo . . . 132 Austin, Moses . . 85, 86, 89, 177 Austin, Stephen F. ... 49, 87 Badgley 121 Bailey, Robert 147 Bainbridge, Capt 200 Baird, James . . 64, 120, 121, 74 Baldwin, Doct 97 Ball, John S. '. 227 Ballinger, Jos 382 Barbour, James 428 Barlow, Jos. C 166 Barada, Antoine 15 Barclay, D. Robt 364 Bartlet, Abner ...... 203 Barlow, James 130 Barnes, Robert A. ... 263, 415 Barribeau, Pierre 422 Barton, David, 19, 20, 106, 107, 127, 130, 144, 162, 245, 277 Barton, Joshua, 82, 84, 107, 162, 246 Barton, Isaac 246 Basquez, Benito 9 Bates, Edward, 107, 162, 246, 279, 280 Bates, Elias . . .85, 86, 177, 256 Bates, Fleming .... 384, 386 29 (449) 450 INDEX SECOND. PAGE Bates, Frederick 3, 4, 6, 7, 13, 18, 20, 28, 32, 45, 199, 226, 227, 255, 260, 278, 279, 282, 384, 387, 388, 389, 402 Beaugenon, Vital 423 Beauvais, St. Geminin . 406, 187 Beavers, Thos 110 Beck, Abraham, 153, 155, 163, 344, 345 Beck, Doct. Lewis C. . 164, 345 Becquet, John B 272 Becquet, Gauch6 12 Bedell, Lieut 96 Beebe, Elijah 251 Beebe, Elisha 251 Beland, John B 11 Belcour, John B. D 422 Bellisime, Alex'r 422 Belleville, Pierre 423 Bennett, William 106 Bent, Silas, 13, 14, 1 , 16, 19, 71, 167, 195, 202 Benton, Thos. H. 82, 89, 105, 10 7, 162, 216, 245, 281, 409 Benoit, Francis M. ... 9, 18 Benoit, Toussaint 127 Berthold, Bartholomew, 85, 114, 116, 124, 127, 129, 143, 170, 234 Berthold, Frederick . . . .185 Berthold, Pierre A. . . 178, 235 Berry, Major Taylor . . 61, 196 Bertrand, Michel 423 Bibbs, Captain 89 Biddle, Major Thos. 198, 361, 395 Billon, Charles, Sr., 154, 156, 176, 422, 434 Billon, Fred'c L. . 429, 430, 434 Bird, Abraham 266 Bissell, Gen'l Daniel, 33, 94, 219, 221, 222, 269, 270 Bissell, James 222 Bissell Brothers 222 Bissell, Capt. Lewis .... 223 Bissell, Col. Russell . . 222, 225 PAGE Bissonnet, Joseph 422 1 Bissonnet, Antoine .... 423- Blackburn, Rev 64 Blair, Mrs 71 Bliss, Capt 96- Block, Eleazer 163 Blood, Capt. Sullivan . . . . 3] 4 Boardman, Capt 96 Bobb, John 147 Boggs, Lilburn W. . 88, 134, 14ft Bogy, Joseph 50- Bellinger, Geo. F 44 Boly, John .... 10, 382, 38 Bompart, Louis 88 Bond, Shadrack 70 Boone, Capt. Daniel, 57, 411, 412, 414 Boone, Capt. Nathan . 91, 413, 414 Bosseron, Charles . . . 224, 285. Boss, Dan'l C 154 Boudon, John 156- Bouvet, Jno. B 422 Bouis, Capt 90- Bouis, Veuve Vincent . . . 422 Bouch6, Francis . . . 422, 42J Bouju, Joseph . . 124, 155, 422 Bowen, John S 268 Boyer, J. H 14ft Boyes, Jacob A 70 Brackenridge, Henry M. 37, 162, 214, 405 Brackenridge, Hugh H. 214, 404, 405 Bradbury, . . 36, 37, 407 Bradley, Samuel . . . 382, 38S Brady, Thos. 18, 66, 67, 88, 89, 121, 130, 232, 233, 208, 272, 355, 422 Braud, James . . . 180, 422, 146 Bryan, Guy 219 Brandon, Peter 382 Brazeau, Joseph 9 Brazeau, Louis 9, 432 Bredell, Edward . . . 239, 364 Bredell, John C 365 LIST OF NAMES. 451 PAGE Bridge, Samuel 121 Bright, John A 19 Bright, Capt. Josiah . 99, 142, 287 Brown, John . . .15, 382, 383 Brown, DeWitt Clinton . . .347 Brown, Gen'l Jacob . 62, 427, 428 Brown, Reverend 64 Brown, Lieut 96 Brown, Lionel 52 Brown, Samuel. ... 51, 350 Browne, Joseph, 2, 5, 12, 13, 19, 227 Bruce, Amos J 99 Bruff, Major John 110 Bullitt, George .... 44, 264 Burchmore, Geo 159 Burns, Calvin 110 Burr, Col. Aaron 203 Burt, Nathaniel ...... 362 Bush, Joseph 19 Butler, Fred'k A 131 Byrd, Stephen 44 CabannS, Charles 202 Cabann6, John P., 88, 152, 234, 399, 422 Caillou, Francois 423 Campbell, Geo. W. . . 233, 351 Camp, Ichabod 223 Caldwell, Kinkaid 49 Carr, Francis 163 Carr, William C., 21, 38, 44, 45, 72, 161, 201, 202, 245, 260 195, 395 Carr, Joseph P 276 Carr, Walter 201 Carr, Walter B 276 Calloway, Flanders 413 Carman, Samuel 147 Carroll, Gen 61 Carroll, John, Archbishop- . . 63 Carroll, Capt 410 Carson, Moses 67 Carter, Jacob .... 382, 383 Carter, E. C 164 Casner, George .... 127, 156 PAGE Castello, Michael ..;... 355 Cass, Col. Lewis 3S3 Cassidy, Henry 49 Catherwood, Robt. N. ... 67 Caulk, Richard . . 10, 14, 15, 44 Cavender, George 48 CerrS, Gabriel S., Sr. . 85, 89, 165 Chambers, Adam B 275 Chambers, Charles .... 198 Chambers, Col. Talbot . 183, 424 Chapin, Capt. Gurden . . . 238 Charless, Jos., Sr. 4, 7, 34, 36, 49, 67, 72, 133, 229, 230,240, 275, 346, 347, 364, 422 Charless, Edward, 230, 359, 103, 375, 412, 282, 346 Charless, Joseph, Jr., 100, 101, 103, 117, 125, 126, 133, 231 Charleville, Veuve 423 Chente, Antoine. . .181,211,421 Chenie, Leon .... 212, 263 Chouteau, Aug't, Sr., 9, 13, 14, 15, 18, 20, 22, 24, 25, 28, 38, 40, 45, 72, 85, 88, 90, 132, 164, 165, 272, 277, 284, 385, 386, 387, 418, 419, 421 Chouteau, Aug. A 166 Chouteau, Gabriel S 166 Chouteau, Henry T 167 Chouteau, Peter, Sr., 20, 44, 89, 127, 168, 169, 211, 234, 418, 419, 422, 423 Chouteau, Peter, Jr., 129, 170, 171, 234 Chouteau, Auguste P., 18, 27, 69, 152, 166, 170, 261 Chouteau, Francis G. . 170, 171 Chouteau, Paul L. . . . 170, 171 Chouteau, Chas. P. 171, 172, 173 Chouteau, Joseph Gilman . . 168 Chouteau, Cyprien .... 170 Chouteau, Pharamond . . . 170 Chouteau, Charles & Frederick. 170 Chouteau, Augt. R. . . . . 168 452 INDEX SECOND. PAGE Chouteau^Edward A 166 Chouteau, Henry, A 168 Chouteau, NorbertSilvestre. . 168 Chouteau, Jos. Oilman . . . 168 Cbristy, Major Win., 12, 13, 18, 19, 38, 40, 71, 101, 107, 114, 119, 195, 196, 240, 241, 242, 276, 398 Churchill, Saml. B 276 Chandler, Jno. and C. . 122, 127 Claiborne, Gen. C. C. . . . 4 Clamorgan, James . . 9, 13, 14, 15 Clark, Christopher 51 Clark, Gen. Geo. R. . . 273, 375 Clark, Gen. Wm., 5, 8, 13, 27, 28, 29, 33, 42, 43, 72, 101, 118, 123, 209, 233, 254, 267, 268, 271, 272, 273, 362, 375, 371, 372, 379, 425 Clark, Jno. O.'F 168 Clark, Jonathan 273 Clark, Jefferson K. . . . .380 Clary, Robert E 229 Clay, Henry 27 Clemens, Jas., Jr. 69, 87, 137, 138, 143, 198, 285 Clement, Francois .... 423 Clemson,Capt.E. B. 33, 86, 81, 263 Clinton, Geo 65 Clinton, DeWitt 203 Coburn, John .... 4, 7, 240 Coats, Mrs 71 Coffee, Col 410 Collet, Ann 328 Collet, Robert 73 Collet, Thomas 150 Colfax, Capt 96 Collier, John 292 Collier, George 292 Collier, Catherine 364 Conrad, D. H 163 Connor, Jeremiah, 12, 13, 14,67, 109, 112, 194, 345, 422, 379, 346 Conway, Henry W. . . . 99, 150 Cook, Major 98 Cook, John D. . . . . 207, 278 PAGE Cook, Nathaniel 49 Coons John 49 Cooke, Judge Wm. M. . . . 266 Cooper, Benj 50 Cottle, Ira 51 Coulter, David 280 Cozens, Horatio . . . 129, 163 Craig, Capt 73, 96 Craig, Major .40 Crane, Capt. A. T. . . . 54, 155 Crawford, Wm. H 27 Crittenden, Thos. T. 8, 18, 20, 402 Crevier, Autoine 423 Cromwell, John . . . 85,180,288 Cromwell, Thomas .... 288 Crooks, Ramsey ..... 56 Cross, Cap. Joseph,238, 249, 250, 372 Cross, Horatio N 350 Cummins, Jas . . 54, 230, 346, 355 Cummings, J. C. . . . 103,101 Cummings, Thos 276 Cuyler, David E 155 Daggett, John D. . . . 340, 341 Daggett, Wm. and James . . 341 Dales, John 88 Daly, Michael .... 154, 349 Dangen, Antoine, 148, 187, 259, 422 Davis, Thos. Terry 1, 5 Davis, Charles . . . . . . 18 Davis, H. C 137 Davis, H. N 393 Davies, Col. Joe 274 Davidson, John 48 Dawson, Robert 49 Deane, Capt. Jas 197 Deaver, Larkin 183 Deakers, William 397 De Camp, S. G. J 164 Dejarlois, Chas 10 De Launay, David ... 9, 21, 425 De Lassus, Camille .... 181 De Lassus, Gov'r Chas. D., 157, 412, 423 LIST OF NAMES. PAGE Decatur, Stephen 260 Depestre 126 Delaney, Dennis 198 Denny, Boyd 9 Dent, Frederick . . 87, 152, 341 Demun, Augustus, 48, 102, 113, 262, 263 Demun, Julius, 18, 126, 262, 263, 415, 421 De Montholon, C. F. F. . . . 177 Desire, Louis 423 Deys, Leo . . 81 Desjardins, Paul 423 Derouin, Francois 422 De Hodiamont 422 De Thiers, Louis 423 Detandebaratz, M. . 142, 143, 180 Detailly, Pierre 423 Didier, Pierre ... 9, 107, 423 Dillon, P. M. . . . 139, 140, 147 Dillon, John N 168 Dolan, M 114, 142 Donaldson, Jas. L. . 20, 31, 218 Douglass, Maj. Thompson, 37, 126,232,382,383 Donaldson, Alex 410 Douglass, Wm 349 Douberman, Jno. J. 413, 414, 415 Dowling, E. ...... 143 Dowling, John 134 Dowling, Richard K. . . . 320 Doddridge, Philip 199 Drake, Chas. D 250 Drake, Samuel 397 Drips, Andrew 68 Drouillard, Geo 12 Duane, William 230 DuBourg.R. Rev'clL. W., 81, 283, 416, 417, 418, 420, 421 Dubreuil, Made. . 20, 30, 34, 423 Dubreuil, Louis C 206 Duchouquette, Batiste . . . 422 Duchouquette, Pierre . . . 432 Duff, John M 92 .PAGE Dumaine, Lucien ..-*.. 312 Dumoulin, JnoB. . . . . .422 Dunn, John 50 Dupr6, Eugene 184 Durand, Lieut. 96 Durocher, August . . 79,144,152 Dutremble, Antoine .... 423 Dyer, John N 165 Dyer, Thos. P 202 Earl, Mrs 406 Easton, Col. Rufus, 10, 19, 20, 27, 28, 43, 84, 85, 87, 110, 120, 150, 162, 202, 204, 246, 277, 278, 279 Easton, Col. A. R 205 Edgar, James 220 Edgar, John 220, 275 Edwards, Albert G. ..... 401 Egliz, Hyacinthe 9 Elbridge, George .... 59, 65 Ellis, Erasmus 52 Ellis, Captain 90 Elliott, Aaron 202 Ellison, Lieut 96 Emmons, Benjamin .... 45 English, Robert 48 English, Thomas 67 Essex, Thomas & Co 159 Essex, James C 329 Estes, Thomas . .. 144, 146, 157 Everhart, 78 Falconer & Comegys, 112, 116, 118 Farrar, Doct. B. G. 38, 40, 81, 123, 125, 128, 132, 168, 169, 163, 164, 196,240, 241, 243, 295 Farrar, Wm. C. and James L. 241 Farris, Col. Robt. P., 162, 239, 240, 250 Faysseux, Major 397 Ferguson, Geo. W 134 Ferguson, Peter, Judge . . . 255 Ferguson, Wm. Findley . . . 255 Fenn, Doct. Zeno . . . 164, 342 454 INDEX SECOND. PAGE Ferrari, Andreas 81 Fesch, Cardinal 35 Fillmore, Pres't 280 Finney, John . 334 Fitzhugh, Judge Dennis . . .273 Flaget, Bishop 416 Flaugherty, James .... 45 Fletcher, Thomas C 256 Ford, Patrick H 106 Force, Peter 430 Forsythe, Maj. Thos. . . .226 Forsythe, Robert 226 Fontaine, Felix 423 Foster, Major 96 Fouche, Francois 423 Foulck, Capt. Willis .... 92 Furr, Samson 132 Gagnon, John B 423 Gaines, Genl. E. P. . . . 62, 99 Gallatin, Abraham 47 Gallatin, Albert . 199, 214, 405 Gamble, Archibald .... 204 Gamble, Hamilton K. . . 280, 346 Gantt, Doct. Ed. S., 138, 164, 285, 342 Gantt, Major Stoughton . . . 286 Gantt, Capt. John 286 Gamier, Joseph V., 6, 50, 68, 190, 191 Gay, Mrs 158 Gebert, Doct. P. M. 151, 164, 343 Generelly, Fleury 236 Geyer, Henry S., 57, 77, 82, 131, 162, 277, 280, 281 Giddings, Eev'd Salmon., 64, 79, 80, 141, 145 Gilhuly, Bernard 355 Gilhuly & Castello . . . .157 Gilhuly & Cummins . . . . 1 57 Givens, Capt 96 Glasby, Albin H 401 Glasgow, Sr., William . . .140 Glasgow, William, Jr. ... 338 PAGE Gordon, Wm 382, 383 Gordon, George 15 Gourdes, Henry 212 Graham, James A. . 81, 162, 242 Graham, Major Rich'd . 198, 395 Graham, Lieut. James ... 97 Granger, Gideon 203 Grant, Israel B 143 Gratiot, Charles, Sr., 10, 11, 19, 35, 38, 88, 172, 177, 179, 262, 283, 385 Gratiot, Mad. Victoire . . .422 Gratiot, Gen'l Charles . 172, 173 Gratiot, Col. Henry, 173, 174, 398, 423 Gratiot, John Pierre B., 173, 174,175, 253 Gratiot, Judge Paul B. M. 175, 176 Gratiot, Doct. Charles B. . . 176 Gratiot, Henry Terry . . .176 Gratiot, Adolph B 176 Gratiot, Paul Berjamin . . 176 Gray, Alexander, Judge., 162, 278, 279 Gray, Capt. James S. ... 95 Greer, Robert C 184 Griffin, John 1, 5 Griffith, Isaac H. . . . 76, 155 Grimsley, Col. Thornton . . 160 Guerette, Pierre, Jr. ... 423 Guest, Jonathan . 149, 150, 286 Guibord, Auguste . . 212, 423 Guibord, Capt. Henri . . .213 Guillet, Urban 55 Guion, Hubert 422 Guion, Vincent . . . . .422 Guitarre, Vincent .... 423 Guitarre, Louis 423 Gulager, Henry 150 Guy, John R 77, 151 Guyard, Capt 73 Guyol, Fran's M. . . 48, 81, 123 Habb, Victor 229 Haile, Capt 96 LIST OF NAMES. 455 PAGE Haines, Wra. 269 Haldeman, Peter . . . 152, 340 Hall, John 87 Hall, George 159 Hall, Sergeant 105 Hamilton, Capt. 96 Hamilton, Capt. Talbot . . .430 Hammond, George .... 146 Hammond, Capt 410 Hammond, Col. Sam'l, 27, 28, 29, 32, 43, 45, 66, 69, 71, 86, 87, 209, 357, 396 Hampton, L 5, 113 Hamtramck, Col. JohnF. 186, 372 Hamtramck, John F., Jun'r . 372 Hand, General . ' . . . .209 Hankinson, John . Ill, 113, 193 Hanly, Thomas, 67, 77, 134, 136, 146, 151 Hardin, Joseph .... 50, 52, Harney, Wm. S 198 Harding, Chester . . . 413, 414 Harris, Barnabas .... 46 Harris, Oliver 275 Harris, William 109 Harrison, Gen'l W. H. 1, 6, 20, 203, 217, 373 Harrison, Capt. Thos. J. . . 373 Hart, George C 5 Hartnett, John 351 Harry, Jacob 9 Harry, John W 51 Hastings, 151 Hawks, R. Rev'd Cicero . . .429 Hay, John 171 Hays, Stockley 410 Haydn, 54 Heath, John G 47 Hebert, Guillaume 9 Hedges, Rev'd Mr 429 Hempstead, Stephen, Sr. 173, 251 Hempstead, Stephen, Jr. 251, 252 Hempstead, Edward 8, 9, 11, 15, 20, 42, 127, 162, 204, 205,251,379 PAGE Hempstead, Thomas, 67, 87, 89, 251, 253, 254 Hempstead, Charles S, 77, 162, 251, 252, 262 Hempstead, Edward Lewis, . 247 Henderson, 102 Hennerman, Henry . 382, 383 Henry, Isaac N 105,211 Ilerpin, Jno. B 139 Hertzog, Joseph ... 56, 157 Heslep 119 Hewes, Capt 98 Higgins, William 354 Hill, David B 72 Hill, Britton A 360 Hodges, Daniel 15 Hoffman, David B., 39, 146, 148, 153 Hoffman, Doct. Herm. L., 151, 153, 158, 164, 282, 341, 342 Hogan, Edward 50 Holbrook, John 151 Holmes, Oliver 158 Honey, John W. . 49, 159, 256, 340 Honore", Michel 15 Honor6, Louis Tesson . . . 422 Horrell, Rev'd Thomas ... 69 Horrocks, Mr 72 Hortiz, Jos. A 9 Hortiz, John B 423 Howard, Gen'l Ben'j. . 8, 18, 20, 43, 93, 100, 101, 199, 241, 380, 402 Huddleston, Solomon . 382, 383 Hull, Abijah & Co 141 Hull, James F 38 Hull, Joseph J 71 Humphreys, Major .... 96 Hunt, Capt. Theodore, 86, 102, 131, 135, 151, 260 Hunt, Wilson P. . 9, 36, 68, 111, 113, 153, 193, 194, 260 Hunt, Philemon 284 Hunt, Col. Thomas . . 221, 225 Hunt, Thomas, Jr 265 456 INDEX SECOND. PAGE Hunt, John W 358 Hunter, James 45 Hunter, Joseph 50 Hunter, Major Chas. W., 72, 86, 133, 142, 143, 284, 285 Ingersoll, Charles J 65 Ingram, Arthur . . 159, 362, 363 Irwin, James ... 18, 145, 396 Jackson, Andrew, 62, 407, 409, 410 Jackson, Jeremiah 382 Jacoby, H 9 Jacoby, John 9, 13 Janes, Joseph 147 Jeanneret, Chas 141 Jefferson, Prest. Thos., 203, 214, 218, 227, 375, 380, 403 Jessup, Gen'l 96 Jessup, Doct. ...... 87 Johnson, Hugh 362 Johnson, Col. Richard . . . 359 Jones, Augustus 207 Jones, Geo. W 208 Jones, Judge John Rice, 30, 161, 162, 207, 233, 271, 272 Jones, Robert 68 Journey, Peter 47 Jovial, Joseph 423 Keemer, 129 Keerale, Charles 99 Keller, Lieut . 96 Keith, Lieut 95 Keesacker, John . . . .137 Kendall, Judathan . ... 19 Kennerly, James, 69, 75, 89, 128, 135, 139, 152 266, 267, 285 Kennerly, George H., , 58, 77, 82, 99, 152, 267, 268 Kennerly, Wm. Clark . . .268 Kennerly, Samuel .... 260 Kenzie, John . . . ; . . 226 Kerr, Geo. W. 202 PAGE Kerr, Matthew, 18, 88, 113, 116,. 120, 122, 243, 284, 205 Kerr, John 231 Kearney, Gen'l Stephen . . 429' Ketchum, Major 96 Keys, Abraham 67 Kibby, Timothy . 70, 72, 137, 232 King, Rufus 65 Kingsbury, James W. . . . 40L Kingsley, Lieut 33- Kinney, Mrs 16, 17 Kirby, Ephraim 203- Kimballfe Ward 148- Knapp, Edward, Sr 356 Knapp, George .... 356, 275 Knapp, Edward, Jr 356 Knapp, Col. John 356 Krum, John M 414 Labbadie, Silvestre, 9, 33, 123, 179, 180, 193, 256, 261, 340, 422 Labbadie, Joseph 422 Labeaume, Louis T. 13, 14, 199, 361 Lacroix, Joseph . . . 423, 212 Lalande, Alexis .... 15, 423 Laclede, ...... 164 Lalende, Bernard ..... 114 Landreville, 422" Lane, Doc. W. Carr 151, 164, 435 Lane, Doc. Hardage .... 49^ Lane, Doc. Harvey . . . 372, 186 Lane, Jno. F. T. : . . . . 373 Langham, Col. Angus L. . . 89 Langham, Elias T. . . . 89, 393 Lard, Hezekiah 391 Lanodiere, Laurent .... 423 Laveille, Jos. C., 151, 155, 350, 351 Laville, J. F 124 Latresse, John 423 Lawless, Luke E. 82, 162, 202, 39T Larivierre, Francois .... 423 Leavenworth, Col. H. . 95, 434 Lajoie, Lambert . . . . . 423- Laquaisse, Veuve 423- LIST OF NAMES. 45T PAGE Lebeau, Francois 423 Lear, Tobias 63 LeBerge, Charles 423 LeBerge, Joseph 423 LeBIond, Joseph 423 LeBourgeois, Louis S. . . . 232 Lecompte, Hyacinthe . . . 422 Leduc, M. P. . . 51, 186, 212, 422 Leduc, Giles Joseph .... 186 Lee, Patrick 9, 119 Le Favre, Miss P. ... 83, 157 Leitensdorfer, Eugene ... 77 Lemignon, Doc. . . . 160, 164 Le Guerrier, Chas 423 Lemonde, L. L 422 Lett, Robert S 140 Lewis, John Lewis, Merriwether, 3, 7, 14, 15, 20 33, 39, 91, 165, 199, 271, 374, 376, 377, 378, 380, 384, 385 Lewis, Fielding 374 Liggett, Jos 164 Lincoln, Prest . 280 Lindell, Peter . . 130, 137, 288 Lindell, John .... 137, 288 Lindell, Jesse G. . . 87, 137, 288 Lisa, Manuel, 32, 33, 37, 68, 85, 98, 123, 252 Little, John . . 140, 256, 340, 423 Livingston, Capt 96 Lockhardt 128 Logan, Robert 155 Long, John, Jr 15 Long, Gabriel 9 Long, Major Stephen . 97, 98, 433 Loper, James 72, 77 Lord, Matthew 10 Lucas, John B, C.,2, 3, 6, 7, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18,24, 31, 44, 85, 162, 213, 218, 260, 264, 277, 405, 406 Lucas, Charles . 84, 162, 215, 216 Lucas, William . . 162,215,216 Lucas, Robert ... 40, 93, 214 PAGE McArthur, John 49 McClelland 56 McCloud, Robt 2flO McClure, Mrs 70 McClure, Miss 70 McCune, John S 461 McDermid, Hugh 49 McGee, James 349 McGirk, Matthias, 49, 162, 207, 277, 278 McGunnegle, Major James . . McGunnegle, Wilson .... 99 McGrady, Israel McGuire, Philip 48 McGuire, Thomas . 145, 272, 423 Mcllvaine, Lieut 96 McKeever, Alex 112 McKean, Gov'r 404 McKellops, Capt 21& McKenzie, Normand . . . . lia McKenna & Co 158 McKnight, John, 18, 66, 85, 121, 130, 272, 355 McLanahan, Josiah . . . 11, 19 McManus, Edward . . .80, 158 McNair Alexander, 11, 18, 19, 20, 27, 32, 43, 66, 71, 72, 106, 107, 108, 124, 127, 135, 208, 245, 267, 279 McNair, David 136 McQuie, Wm. L 131 Mackay, James 9, 49' Maclot, John N., 35, 115, 147, 177, 179 Maclot, Louis A 178 Macomb, General 62 Madison, Jas., Prest. 27, 65, 199, 209, 380, 402 Magenis, A. L 16& Magennis, 349 Magness, Perry G 52" Mansfield, Lieut 96 Mansfield, James 199- Marks, Davis S 82: 458 INDEX SECOND. PAGE Marli, Veuve 422 Marli, Michel 423 Mathurin, Jno. B 423 Martin, Capt 95 Martin, John 81 Martine,Doct 95 Mason, Doct. Richard, 157,164, 345 Mason, Miss Mary T 402 Mason, S. T. ...... 402 Massey, William 392 Masure, Doct. A 212 Masure, Doct. Henry .... 183 Maury, Evarist . 51, 135, 137, 144 Maxwell, James 45 Mears, Reuben 414 Meek, Wm. E 382 Meigs, Return J 2, 6 Menard, Col. Peter ... .268 Menaugh, Hugh . . . 382, 383 Merry, Doct. Sam'l .... 164 Meddock & Duval 142 Michaud, Antoine 189 Michaud, Saugrain . . 190, 213 Migneron, Solomon .... 155 Miller, Gov'r John . 72, 201, 361 Miller, Joseph 56 Miller, Theodore . . . 382, 383 Milligan, Richard 347 Mills, 71 Molaire, Jno. B 422 Monestes, David 423 Monroe, James, Pres't, 65,146,147, 194, 204, 260, 279, 357, 380 Moore, Isadore 49 Moore, Joseph 15 Montagne, Jos 423 Morrison, Brothers . . 219, 220 Morrison, William . . . .219 Morrison, Robert 220 Morrison, Wm. R 219 Morrison, James 220 Morrison, Jesse ..... 220 Morrison, Samuel 220 Morrison, Guy 221 PAGE Morisse, Julius 344 Morton, George 351 Moses, Doct. Gratz . . . .385 Mountjoy, John . . . 382, 383 Mullanpby, John, 147, 154, 197, 198, 263, 343, 378, 379 Mullanphy, Bryan 198 Mullikin, Napoleon .... 357 Mulligan, Hugh 349 Morin, Antoine, widow . . . 423 Murphy, Joseph 49 Murphy, Richard 50 Murphy, Mr 70 Musick, David 44, 92 Musick, Thos. R 15 Musick, Capt. Uri . . 347, 348 Mussina, Zachariah .... 120 Nagle, James 362 Nailor, John 282, 283 Nash, Alexander 140 Neal, Reuben . . . 160, 141, 340 Neeley, Wm 45, 50 Nelson, Doct. A., 147, 148, 162, 153, 160, 164, 286, 341, 342 Nelson, Capt. John ... 73, 98 Nevin, John 87 Newman, Capt. Jonas .... 361 Newman, Socrates 326 Niel, Rev. Francis . 80, 81, 150, 153 Norvell, Joshua 105 Nugent, Samuel . . . . 16, 17 Nutall, 407 O'Blenis, Robert Mac ... 77 O'Fallon, Col. John 65, 123, 266, 273, 274, 396 O'Fallon, Doct. James . . .273 O'Fallon, Major Benj. ... 97 O'Hara, Wm. M 87, 157 O'Neil, Hugh, Sr 67 O'Neil, Hugh, Jr 355 Ober, Samuel R. . . . 149, 151 Orfurt, Capt 96 LIST OF NAMES. 459 PAGE Ortes, Veuve 422 Owens, Capt 91 Owings, David, 382 Paddock, Gaius, Sr 283 Paddock, Orville 284 Pain, J 115 Paine, Thomas 100 Palmer, Lieut 96 Papin, Jos., Jr 183, 423 Papin, J. M., Sr 9,211 Papin, Alexander L 342 Papin, Hypolite L. . . . 184, 422 Papin, P. Millicourt .... 184 Papin, Sylvestre V. . . 184, 422 Papin, Peter D 185 Papin, Theodore D'Artiny, 156, 125 Papin, Sylvestre, Jr 184 Papin, Doct. Timothy, . . .184 Papin, Theophile 185 Papin, Leon J 185 Papin, Alfred J 185 Paschall, Nathaniel, 88, 89, 149, 275 Paschall, Henry G. & Geo. M. . 276 Patterson, Henry L 264 Patterson, Nathaniel .... 355 Paul, Col. Ren6 114, 116, 124, 138, 141, 144, 151, 167, 235, 422 Paul, Gen'l Gabriel R. . 236, 237 Paul, Capt. Edmond . . 237, 238 Paul, Capt. Gabriel, 144, 151, 153, 167, 235, 255, 422 Paul, Nathan . . . 159, 362, 363 Payne, Nathaniel 159 Payne, Thomas J. . . . 344, 404 Payne, Edward C 403 Payne, Benj. Howard . . 4C3 Peale, 97 Pease, Joseph S 212 Peck, James H. . . 142, 163, 298 Peck, Rev'd J. M 80 & J. E. Welch . . 80 Peebles, Thomas 134 Perdreauville, Ren6 . . .80, 150 PAGE Perkins, Capt. Joseph . . 9, 68 Perry, Capt. Samuel, 50, 87, 116, 218, 238, 250, 365 Penrose, Clement Biddle, 31, 38, 40, 85, 101, 216, 217, 214, 218 Penrose, Chas. B 216 Penrose, James H 216 Penrose, Clem. B., Jr. . 216, 217 Perras, 342 Pettus, Wm. G 147 Pettus, Wm. S. . . , . . 32, 66 Pettis, Spencer .... 279, 361 Pescay, Made. A., 79, 118, 124, 127, 134,141,256,422 Pettibone, Rufus . 150, 163, 297 Pettibone, Levi 298 Peugnet, Louis D 358 Peugnet, Armand . . 183, 358 Peugnet, Ernest 358 Philibert, Joseph 422 Philipson, Jacob, 111, 115, 120, 228 Philipson, Joseph, 15, 89, 102, 135, 229 Philipson, Simon 228 Phillips, Samuel 44 Pike, Capt. Zeb. M 191 Pike, Major Zeb. . . . 381, 382 Piernas, 391 Pilcher, Maj. Joshua, 68, 87, 138, 254 Pinckney, Chas. C. ... 54, 65 Pittman, John 44 Pius the Seventh, Pope ... 35 Polkowski, Edward S. . . . 259 Pope, Doc. Chas 274 Pope, Nathaniel 364 Porter, 140 Potter, John C 148 Post, Justus 86 Pratte, Bernard, Sr. 9, 12, 13, 14, 22, 23, 38, 85, 86, 111, 129, 181, 234, 247, 358, 418, 420, 419, 421 Pratte, B., Jun'r. 71, 181, 199, 211 Pratte, Sylvestre 181 460 INDEX SECOND. PAGE Preble, Commodore .... 260 Price, Capt. R. H., 85, 86, 87, 109, 222, 269, 270 Price, Frederick 270 Price, Chris. M. . . 77, 129, 264 Primm, Peter, 15, 18, 112, 126, 422 Primo, Paul 423 Provenchere, Pierre .... 422 Provench6, Jean Louis. . . . 422 Putnam, Gen'l Rufus . . .109 Quarles, Pryor 72, 132, 139, 164, 204, 277, 281 Quick, Benjamin 19 Randolph, John, Sen'r & Jun'r 282 Ranken, Hugh .... 67, 349 Ranken, Robert . . 67, 349, 350 Ranken, David .... 349, 350 Raukin, James . . . . 9, 11, 19 Ramsay, Charles 275 Ramsey, Capt 82 Ranney, Johnson 53 Ravenscroft, James .... 52 Read, Doc. J. M. . . . 122, 164 Rector, Genl. William, 32, 69, 86, 397 Rector, Col. Elias 54, 156, 194, 264 Rector, Capt. Stephen . . 77, 99 Rector, Thos. C 246 Reed, Capt 96 Reilhe, Antoiue 209 Renouard, H 259 Renard, Hiacinthe .... 422 Renshaw, William, 99, 146, 143, 153, 159 Rencontre, Antoine .... 423 Reilly, Henry 363 Rearick, George 152 Randolph, Doct 168 Richards, Mrs. Jane . . 79, 128 Richards and Quarles .... 144 Richardson, Daniel . . . . 51 PAGE Richardson, James . . . . 10 Riddick, Thos. F., 9, 13, 14, 19, 27, 31, 43, 45, 68, 69, 72, 73, 89, 137, 138, 159, 188, 189., 254, 256, 396 Rios, Capt 391 Ride, Francois 423 Ripley, Genl 62 Robinson, Doct. Jno. H. 191, 192, 382 Robinson, Doct. Gervais . . 182 Robinson, Saugrain . . 192, 193 Robinson, Ed. V. Hamilton . 192 Robidou, Joseph . . . 158, 423 Robidou, Francois . . 158,422 Rocheblave, Philip .... 422 Rochford, Francis 67 Rosatti, Bishop . . . 417,418 Rosseau, Pierre . . . . . 382 Roos, Stephen 52 Roy, Antoine 21 Roy, Alexis 381, 383 Rozier, Ferd 233 Rupley, Jacob 35 Russell, William 197 Russell, James 182 Russell, Col. M 94 Russell, J. D 131 Ryan, Laurence 67 Sabourin, Pierre 423 Salois, Joseph 422 Samuel, Jamison 393 Samuel, Giles and John . . . 160 Sanguinet, Chas., Sr., 19, 166, 287, 288 Sanguinet, Chas., Jr. . . 142, 287 Sanguinet, Mad'e 20 Sarpy, Juo. B., 99, 152, 182, 183, 401, 423 Sarpy, Gregoire 422- Sarrade, John 155 Saucier, Francis 70 Saugrain, Doc. A. 112, 163, 265, 267, 406- LIST OF NAMES. PAGE Saulnier, Eev. M. G. . . . . 91 Savigne, Rev 59 Sawyer, James, 78, 79, 131, 133, 136, 138 Say, Doc 97 Schewe, Kev. Chris. F. ... 75 Scott, Andrew 45 Scott, Hon. John, 28, 43, 45, 137, 162, 210, 211, 280, 363 Scott, Moses .... 120, 140, 272 Scott, Lieut 95 Scott, Gen'l Wiufleld ... 62 Searcy, Judge 411 Seba, Jacob 221 Septlivres, Isaac. . . . 115, 125 Sewell, Joseph 48 Seymour, Mr 97 Shackford, John 158 Shaler, Capt 96 Shannon, Geo. W. . . . 46, 271 Shaw, Henry . . 343, 344, 404 Shaeffer, Daniel 281 Shepard, Elihu H 360 Shrader, Capt 90 Shreve, Capt. H. M. 15, 117, 119, 139 Shull, 129 Shurlds, Judge Henry . . .163 Sibley, Geo. C 204 Simonds, John 159 Simoneau, Veuve 423 Simpson, Doc. Robert, . 77, 85, 86, 87, 125, 126, 128, 132, 133, 139, 164, 241, 244, 341 Sire, Jos. A 180 Smith, Henry H 48 Smith, Oliver C 77 Smith, Samuel 81 Smith, Patrick .... 380, 383 Smith, Brig. Gen'l . . . .94 Smith, Capt. Thos. F. 96, 165, 395 Smith, Gen'l A. J 244 Smith, Christian 132 .Smith, Doc. Edwin B. . . . 197 PAGE Smith, Doc. Ellsworth . . .243 Smith & Spicer . . . 135, 138 Smith, Charles Bland . . 263, 244 Smith, John B. N 86 Smith, Theophilus W. ... 86 Smith, William . . 40, 246, 247 Smith, William .... 88, 102 Smith, Jno. Brady . . 247, 248 Smith, J. J. & Co 353 Snelling, Col. Josiah . 95, 225, 434 Staniford, Capt 96 Stark, William 160 Spalding, Josiah, 163, 231, 346, 345 Spaldiug, Dunham .... 393 Sparks, John .... 382, 383 Spencer, Robert 48 St. Cir, Mad'e A 420 St. Cyr, Hyacinthe .... 9 St. Vrain, 117 Solomon, Samuel ... 19, 378 Soulard, Antoine . . 9, 186, 423 Soulard, James G. . . . 225, 423 Soulard, Henry G. . . . 186, 373 South, Samuel 205 Steele, John 115 Steele, Andrew 12, 19 Stephenson, Col 289 Stivers, Capt. Chas 238 Stewart, Robert 56 Stewart, D . .129 Stevenson, Matthew .... 269 Stoddard, Major Amos . . 1, 4 Stout, Freegift .... 382, 383 Stokes, William 68 Stimpson, 151 Strader, Otho . . . . 2, 3, 6, 7 Strader, John ...... 44 Strother, Geo. F. . 163, 357, 358 Stubblefield, ..... 121 Stuart, Alex'r, Judge, 201, 244, 282, 379 Sullivan, John C. ... 11,128 Sullivan, Patrick 81 Sullivan, William . . , 11, 12, 20 462 INDEX SECOND. PAGE Sumner, Mr 410 Button, John L 852 Sutton, James C 352 Sweringen, Jas. T. . . 241, 365 Swift, Lieut 97, 98 Talbot, James 51 Talcott, Lieut 96 Tandy, Doct. David C. . . .193 Tandy, Robert E 393 Tannehill, Wilkins .... 59 Taylor, Clay ] 32 Taylor, Thomas Mark . . .327 Taylor, Wm. C 267 Taylor, Thos. M 266 Taylor, Nathaniel P 276 Taylor, Henry 352 Tesson, Michael, 89, 127, 130, 131, 154, 258, 422 Tesson, Francis 422 Tesson, Edward P 258 Tesson, Pierre 259 Tharp, Wm 102 Tholozan, John E 287 Thomas, James . . . . 19, 67 Thomas, Richard S 40 Thomas, Judge Jesse B. . . 373 Thompson, John W. 19, 66, 77, 124 Thomson, Henry A 178 Thomson, Chas 269 Thruston, Chas. M 273 Timon, James .... 154, 348 Timon, John 67, 348 Timon, Owen V 349 Todsen, Doc. Geo. P. 142, 154, 164, 342 Tompkins, Danl. D 65 Tompkins, George, 18, 118, 129, 270 Tracy, Edward . . 149,159,343 Tracy, Alfred 300 Tracy, Edward N 184 Tracy, Augustus 182 Trudeau, Zeno . . . 391, 412 Truteau, John B 9, 423 PAGK Tucker, Judge N. B. 245, 278, 282" Tucker, J. St. George . . .28* Turner, Wm 75, 77 Turner, Henry C 260- Tuttle, 153, 154 Tyler, Wm. C 276- Ulloa, Count 391 Vall6, Nere 168- Valois, Francis 422 Van Buren, President . 254, 393 Vanderburg, Henry . . 1, 5, 254 Vanhirtem, A. C. . . . 80, 146- Vasquez, Veuve Benito . . . 423 Vasquez, Baronet 383 Vasquez, Joseph 422 Vasquez, Antoine 422 Vincent, Antoine Vinton, Lieut 427 VonPhul, William .... 265- Von Phul, Henry, 69, 89, 126, 145, 265- Voorhees, John 89 Vos, Mr. and Mrs 76 Wahrendorff, Charles, 143, 149, 158, 159, 231, 364, 34& Walker, Alex'r S 50- Walker, Doc. David V., 18, 101, 125, 128, 132, 164, 196, 240, 241, 276 Walker, John K 419- Walsh, Edward 263 Walsh, Patrick .... 286, 287 Walters, Joab 52 Ward, John .... 50, 68, 69 Warner, Jabez 71, 77 Wash, Judge Robert, 18, 20, 69, 77, 123, 162, 196, 241, 242 Washburne, Tabor .... 71 Washington, Geo. . . . 374, 375 Waugh, James C 184 Wayne, Gen'l Anthony . . . 195 Watson, James 201 LIST OF NAMES. PAGE Webster, Kezin . . 16, 71, 111 Welch, Rev'd J. E 413 West, Nancy 1 16, 17 Wetmore, Alphonso .... 96 Wheeler, Amos, 156, 164, 163, 281, 347 Wheeler, Edward T 351 Wheeler, Henry M 351 Whelpley, David 352 Wherry, Capt. Mackey, 33, 90, 223 Wherry, Jos. A 224 Wherry, Mackey M 224 Wherry, Boone 224 White, Frederick . . .156, 163 White, Joseph & Co 15*2 Whiteley, Capt 19 Whistler, Major John . . .393 Widdows, Peter 430 Wiggin, Joseph 154 Wiggins, Stephen E. . . 139, 145 Wiggins, Sam'l R 159 Wiggins, William 322 Wiggins, Samuel B 323 Wilcox, Capt . 96 Wilcox, Jeremiah . . . 183, 259 Wilgus, James 352 Wilkinson, Gen'l James, 2, 4, 5, 6, 12, 20, 190, 222, 227, 392, 406 PAGE Wilkinson, Benjamin, 15, 89, 109, 269 Wilkinson, Walter .... 86 Wilkinson, Lieut. James B. . 382- Willi, Samuel 347 Williams, Thompson .... 148 Williams, Doct. Joseph . . . 164 Wilson, Jno. D 254 Wilson, Major George . 40, 261 Wilson, Nicholas 48- Wilson, John 383 Wilson, John H 194 Wilt, Abraham 261 Wilt, Christian, 77, 85, 86, 102, 121, 153, 253, 261 Wilt, Andrew . . 153, 253, 261 Winthrop, John S 168 Wood and Dunn 117 Woods, Andrew 68 Wright, Major Thos. . . 87, 196 Wright, D. B 163 Yeizer, Frederick 122 Yousti, Emelien .... 9, 20 Young, John 325- Zenoni, John B 63- ILLUSTRATIONS. PORTRAIT OF FRED. L. BILLON. HENRY GRATIOT'S COUNTRY RESIDENCE (1810). FIRST MARKET HOUSE (1812). WM. C. CARR'S RESIDENCE (1815). THOS. F. RIDDICK'S RESIDENCE (1818). MAJ. WM. CHRISTY'S RESIDENCE (1818). JOHN P. CABANNE'S COUNTRY HOMESTEAD (1819). BENNETT'S MANSION HOUSE HOTEL (1819). MISSOURI HOTEL (1820). FIRST BRICK CHURCH AND COLLEGE (1820). (465) "ERS.TYOFILL.NO.S-URBANA