THE UNIVERSITY OF ILLINOIS LIBRARY 910.8 HlSu INTERESTING AND REMARKABLE PLACES; WITH HISTORICAL & TOPOGRAPHICAL DESCRIPTIONS. By C. MACKENZIE. Esq. EDITOR OF “ Three Hundred and Twenty Picturesque Views in Great Britain.’* ILLUSTRATED WITH TWO HUNDRED AND FIFTY ENGRAVINGS. Michael Angelo’s Residence, Rome. LONDON: PUBLISHED BY JOHN REYNOLDS, 14 7, STRAND; GRIFFIN AND SON, GLASGOW; J. DUFFY, DUBLIN; AND ALL BOOKSELLERS. Price Seven Shillings and Sixpence. White & Co., Printers, Lower iload, Islington. 1 1 ei 910 .% /7 iii CONTENTS. Page Cape Coast Castle— in which “ L.E. L.” died ...... 1 South View of St. James’s Cemetery,' Liverpool ..... 4 The Chalybeate Spa, at Dorton, Buck- inghamshire The Birth-place of Mr. Wilberforce, Hull 5 Residence of the Father of Crabbe, the Poet j 5 Clifton Suspension Bridge . . 8 The Victualling House at Plymouth . 9 Plymouth Breakwater . . . „ Copet, the Residence of Madame de Stael 12 Rob Roy’s Cave . . . . „ Bonn University — the Seat of Prince Albert’s Education . * .13 China Street, Canton ; . . „ The Streets of Pekin . . .16 Chateau des Rochers— the Residence of Madame de Sevigne . . .18 Interior of Burns’ Kitchen, at Mossgiel „ The WharnclifFe Viaduct, Hanwell, Middlesex 19 Residence of Albert Durer, at Nuremberg „ Old Chelsea Bun House . . .22 North London Cemetery, Highgate . 23 Monument of Joan of Arc, at Rouen . 26 Bunyan’s Pulpit . . . „ Windmill Hill, Gravesend . . .27 Birth-place of Dryden . . . „ The Auld Brig of Doon . . .30 John Knox’s Residence, Page John Knox’s Monument . . .31 Hatfield House, Herts . . .33 The Great Hall . 36 Camberwell Collegiate School . . 37 St. Olave’s School, Southwark . . „ GofFs Oak .... . 40 Free School, Cheshunt, Herts . . „ James Town, St. Helena . . .41 The Grave of Napoleon . . .44 The Star Chamber . . . .45 Birth-place of Shenstone . . . „ Beauvais, in France . . . .48 Convent and Church of Neuberg, in Styria . . . . * . . „ Hotel de Ville, and Light-house, Calais 50 Widdrington Castle . . . .51 The Abbey Gate, Reading . . . „ Birth-place of H. K. White, Nottingham 54 Theobald’s Palace, Herts . . „ South Metropolitan Cemetery, Norwood 55 Grey Street, Newcastle . . .58 Tombs of the Memlook Kings of Egypt 59 The Thames Tunnel . . . .62 London and Croydon Railway, from New Cross, Deptford . . .63 South View of the Old Bath House, Cold Bath Square, Clerkenwell . 65 Residence of Mrs. Hemans, at Rhyllon, North Wales Sir R. Arkwright’s Cotton Mill, and Castle « .... 68 Somerset House Strand t . .69 vi CONTENTS. Virginia Water, Windsor Park . St. Helier’s, Jersey . The Prado, at Madrid Holy Island Castle . St. Ann’s Society School, Brixton Passage of the River Amazon The Pantheon, Oxford Street The Capitol, Washington . Chateau de Rambouillet Roman Acqueduct at Segovia, in Spain Galton Bridge, Birmingham New Canal Sand Rock Spring, Isle of Wight Black Gang Chine, Isle of Wight St. Leonard's Church Clifford’s Tower, York * Statues of Protestant Reformers in the Library of the Church of St. John and St. Paul, at Venice . The Hall of Cheshunt House, Herts . Carisbrooke Castle .... Canadian Residence .... Grosvenor House, Chester . Queen’s College, Bath Quebec, Lower Canada Carlsbad The “ Four Courts,” Dublin Birmingham New Town Hall Windsor Castle — Eastern Front . New London Bridge Thornbury Castle .... Godesberg Castle .... Birth-place of William Roscoe, near Liverpool ..... Birth-place of Cowper, the Poet . Tyburn — Queen Henrietta Maria doing Penance ..... The Coomarow Fall . . . .114 Birmingham Free Grammar School . 115 The London and Greenwich Railway . 118 The late House of Lords . . .119 Interior of the late House of Commons „ Royal Entrance to the House of Lords 122 Interior of the Painted Chamber, West- minster ...... The New Houses of Parliament . . 123 Entrance to the London and Birming- ham Railway Station . . . 126 Little Strawberry Hill . . . „ The Chateau of Yverdon and Pestalozzi 127 Chatsworth House, the Seat of the Duke of Devonshire . . . 129 Vittoria, in North Spain . . . 133 The Great Plane Tree of Frauenstein . „ The Residence of Miss Mitford . . 136 Guilsborough School . . . . „ The Vermilion Towers of the Alham- bra, in Spain . . . . .137 Canterbury Cathedral — The Choir . „ Toddington, the Seat of Charles Han- bury Tracey, Esq., M.P. . . 141 Cape Horn ...... Gresham College . . . .144 Satin-wood Bridge, Ceylon . . „ Dividend Warrant Office, Bank of England 146 Dunluce Castle ..... 147 Dunnottar Castle . . . . „ Cumnor, Berkshire .... 150 Swords, near Dublin . . . „ Sherborne Church, Dorset . . .151 The General Cemetery, Kensall Green . 154 Wolsey’s Tower, Esher . . . 155 Page 72 73 76 » 77 80 82 99 83 86 87 99 90 99 91 94 95 99 97 100 101 99 104 99 105 108 109 99 112 99 114 CONTENTS. vii Pa^e Dieppe Castle 155 Birth-place, and Residence of Addison 158 Upper Schuylkill Bridge, Philadelphia 159 Tunbridge Wells in 1748 . 161 Constantina . . . . . 164 Birth-place of Rowe, the Poet 165 Sir Walter Raleigh’s Birth-place 99 Queen Elizabeth’s Palace at Enfield 168 Gray’s Monument, Stoke Park . 99 Dover . . . , 169 Mount Vesuvius — as represented at the “ Surrey Zoological Gardens” . 172 Abbotsford, the Seat of Sir Walter Scott 173 Sloperton Cottage, the Residence of Thomas Moore, Esq. » Pope’s Temple at Hagley . 176 Voltaire’s Chateau, at Ferney » Ancient Sparta .... 178 Ancient Palace of Holyrood, Edinburgh 179 Birth-place of Locke 99 Blarney Castle ..... 182 Glammis Castle ..... 99 Constantinople 183 Milan Cathedral .... 186 Corfe Castle ..... 187 Boat-house, Virginia Water 190 Hermitage at Frogmore 99 The Leaning Towers at Bologna 191 Royal Observatory, Greenwich . 193 Mount St. Michael, Normandy . 99 Princess Elizabeth's Cottage, Windsor 196 Fall of the Staubbach 99 British Museum — Egyptian Saloon 197 Kensington Palace, the Birth-place of Her Majesty, the Queen . 200 Ampthill House, Lord Holland’s Seat . 201 t Patre Port of Ferrajo, and Palace of Napoleon 201 Hougomont, on the Field of Waterloo 204 Sion House, Isleworth . . . „ Remarkable Parliamentary Boroughs, — Dunwich — Old Sarum — Bramber . 205 Norwich Cathedral .... 208 Plotel de Ville, Paris . . . .210 Retreat of Dr. Johnson, in Streatham Park 211 Birth-place of Wycherley . . „ Kett’s Castle, Norwich . . . 214 Alnwick Castle . . . . „ Magna Charta Island . . . 215 Remains of Henry the Second's Palace „ The House in which Buchanan was born 218 Birth-place of the Rev. Gilbert White „ Izaac Walton’s House . . .219 Henry Kirke White’s Tree . . ,, Cawood Castle 222 Wolsey’s Well, at Esher . . . „ St. Leonard's, near Hastings . . 223 Rufys’s Stone, New Forest, Hampshire 225 Eastbury House, Essex . . . „ Selden's Birth-place, Salvington, Sussex 228 The Tolbooth, Edinburgh . . . „ Herne Bay and Pier .... 229 Sherbrooke, Lower Canada . . 232 Residence of Sterne, Cox would, York- shire ......,, Melrose Abbey 233 Calton Hill, Edinburgh . . . 236 Birth-place of Bishop Latimer . . „ Edinburgh Castle .... 237 Monkey Island . . . . „ Birth-place of Tasso .... 240 Lyons — the Church of Nizier, &c. . 242 Viii CONTENTS. Birth-place of Drummond the Poet, at Page Porcelain Manufactory, at Sevres, ' Paris Pa K e 272 Hawthornden . 243 Lydford Bridge . . 55 Birth-place of William the Conqueror Stockwell Grammar School 274 — Castle of Falaise, Normandy 55 Bolsover Castle . 275 Birth-place of Bampfylde Moore Carew 246 Old Hall, in Derbyshire 55 St. Michael’s Grotto, Gibraltar . 55 Caerlaveroc Castle 278 Surrey Zoological Gardens . 247 Ailsa Craig .... 55 Zoological Gardens, Regent’s Park — Public Buildings, Manchester — Town the Elephant in his Bath 250 Hall — Infirmary — Royal Institution 279 The Azores — Fayal and St. Michael . 251 The Great Temple at Esne . 282 Greta Hall, the Residence of Southey, Public Walks, Berlin 55 the Poet 254 Highgate Churches— Old Chapel and British Guiana — a Warow Village 55 New Church .... 283 The Canterbury Pilgrims, at the Tabard Mount Calvary, at Antwerp 286 Inn, Southwark .... 255 All-hallows Church, York . 55 The Keeper’s Royal Lodge, Virginia Peterborough Cathedral 287 Water 257 Council Chamber of Edward VI. 289 Cottage of Shelley, the Poet 55 Framlingham Castle 55 Palace of Fontainbleau 260 Residence of Michael Angelo, at Rome 55 Angers ...... 55 Heriot’s Hospital, Edinburgh 292 Strasburgh Cathedral 261 Wilkes’s Cottage, Isle of Wight 55 Soanean Museum — Sarcophagus Room '264 The Lollards, at Lambeth Palace"* 293 Royal Pavilion, Brighton . 265 Pisa— the Baptistery, Cathedral, and Brighton Chain Pier, before and after Leaning Tower 55 the Storm in 1833 268 Gwydir House, Caernarvonshire 296 An Indian Jungle — Alligator and dead Bracklin Bridge 55 Elephant 269 1 THE CASTLE IN WHICH “ L. E. L.” DIED. Cape Coast Castle, the place at which that gifted being, “ L. E. L.,” (Miss Landon,) died, is a principal British settlement on the Gold Coast of the Gulf of Guinea : and is near the powerful kingdom of the Ashantees. A short time previous to her death, “ L. E. L.” wrote her friends a descrip- tion of her new residence. Among other things, she says, “ The Castle is a building surrounded on three sides by the sea. I like the perpetual dash on the rocks — one wave comes up after another, and is for ever dashed to pieces, like human hopes , that only swell to be disappointed . The land view, with its cocoa and palm-trees, is very striking — it is like the scene in the Arabian Nights. The native huts I first took for ricks of hay ; but those of the better sort are pretty white houses with green blinds. The English residents here have very large houses, quite mansions, with galleries round. Of a night, the beauty of the scenery is remarkable ; the sea is a silvery purple, and the moon deserves all that has been said in her favour. The salt lakes were first dyed a deep crimson by the setting sun, and as we returned, they seemed a faint violet in the twilight, just broken by a thousand stars, while before us was the red-light beacon. — The solitude here is very Bobinson Crusoeish.” The effects of the sun-beams in this settlement are excessively oppressive to Europeans, and the absence of the sea-breeze, which seldom sets in before ten o’clock, contributes much to exhaustion and indisposition, attended with fever. So languid does the heat render them, that they are obliged to drink cold infu- sions of bark, and add the refreshing application to restore them. No wonder then, that so gentle and frail a creature as “ L. E. L.’’ should sink beneath the vapours of such a soil of swamps, fevers, and pestilence ; subject as she was to the most violent spasms in the head and stomach ; to obtain relief from which she had recourse to the frequent use of laudanum : this, however, lost its effect, and she was recommended, as a substitute, to take minute portions of prussic acid, by a gentleman who stated that he had received great benefit from it in similar attacks. Hence she determined to fly to it for relief ; and there is no question but that her death is to be attributed to her want of carefulness in the use of so dangerous a drug. She was not a melancholy sentimentalist ; she was a joyous creature, with a countenance radiant of smiles, and that looked as if trouble had never come near her. B CAPE COAST CASTLE— IN WHICH “ L. E. L. ” DIED, SOUTH VIEW OF ST. JAMES’S CEMETERY, LIVERPOOL. DOKTON CHALYBEATE SPA — EAST FRONT OF THE BATH. DORTON CHALYBEATE SPA— PUMP ROOM, 4 SOUTH VIEW OF ST. JAMES'S CEMETERY, LIVERPOOL. The spot chosen for this cemetery, was a large tract of ground, at the top of Duke-street, excavated as a quarry for stones used in the buildings of the Docks. It cost £21,000 ; and was consecrated on the 12th January, 1829. It contains twenty-four thousand square yards, enclosed by a stone wall and handsome iron palisades, having four stately entrances : the interior is intersected by roads wide enough to admit a carriage, which leads to catacombs excavated in the rock. The mortal remains of the late lamented Mr. Huskisson, lie interred near the centre of the grounds. His monument is constructed of fine masonry, in a cir- cular form ; ten columns resting on a rusticated basement support the dome : it is said to be a near copy of the lantern of Demosthenes at Athens. THE CHALYBEATE SPA, AT DORTON, BUCKINGHAMSHIRE. The situation of a medicinal spring ought not to be regarded as an object of trifling importance, for as the mind and body are too intimately allied to suffer the latter to lie passive under what affects the former, it is quite certain, that whatever tends to engage the attention, to induce proper exercise, or to excite and amuse, without fatiguing, must be taken into the account of the advantages likely to be produced, when quitting our home to seek renewal of health, amidst unknown objects and change of scenes. In these respects Dorton is most happily situated ; for among the circumstances which have tended to raise the above fashionable Spa to so great an eminence in the estimation of many medical men, and also of vast numbers of persons who have received relief by drinking its waters of “Nature’s own preparing,” — the picturesque beauties of the district around, the variety of rural walks and rides, diversified by that alternation of gentle ascent, with quiet and sequestered dell, which relieves the unobtrusive charms of English scenery from the charge of monotony — have certainly proved no mean auxiliaries to the celebrity which these Baths have obtained. The Baths were erected under the judicious direction of James Hakewill, Esq. The eastern entrance to the splendid Pump Room is under a semi-circular portico, supported by nine Corinthian pillars. o THE BIRTH-PLACE OF MR. WILBERFORC E, HULL. Few men have laboured more for the happiness of mankind, than Mr. Wilber- force ; and no name is entitled to greater reverence from every member of the human family, than his. Mr. Wilberforce was born at Hull, in the year 1759, in a house in High-street. He was, in early age, educated at the grammar-school in that town, and after- wards at the Free-school at Pocklington. He went to St. John’s College, Cambridge, as a fellow-commoner, at the usual age, and there formed an intimacy with Mr. Pitt, which continued unbroken till his death. In 1788 Mr. Wilberforce first gave notice of his purpose to draw the attention of the legislature to the subject of the slave trade ; but he was opposed by all the virulence and all the sophistry of colonial interest, and his motion was lost by a large majority. Again and again, he renewed his favourite scheme, until at length he succeeded in carrying his measure through both blouses of Parliament, under the auspices of Mr. Fox, who was then in office. THE RESIDENCE OF THE FATHER OF CRABBE, THE POET. It stood beside the broad and billowy deep, A humble dwelling, in its earlier day ; Over its thatch the winter-winds would sweep, And on its walls oft beat the ocean spray ; As years roll’d on it fell into decay, Sharing the doom that prouder piles must share ; And now its very form hath pass’d away, “ Buried amidst the wreck of things that were Yet still its memory lives, cherish’d with grateful care. * * * * * Hence those who truly know, and feel his worth, This frail memorial of his boyish years Will love and cherish ; — here perchance had birth, That mastery o’er the source of smiles and tears, Which still his minstrel memory endears ; And e’en this humble room becomes a shrine. Where all who justly rate the hopes and fears That in our human hearts must aye combine, May fitly frame a wreath his honour'd brow to twine ! BiRTH-FLACB OF WILBKRFORUE. THE RESIDENCE OF THE FATHER OF CRABBE, THE 1‘OET. SUSPENSION BRIDGE, CLIFTON, NEAR BRISTOL. 8 CLIFTON SUSPENSION BRIDGE. The engineer of this magnificent work was Mr. Brunei. The elevation of the bridge from the high-water mark is 230 ft. ; the distance between the piers, 630 ft. ; and the height of the piers, 70 ft. The estimated cost was £57,000. Preparatory to the laying of the first stone of the abutment of the bridge, on the Leigh or Somerset shore, an iron rod was stretched across the Avon ; this, on Thursday, the 23rd of August, 1836, was precipitated from its airy height, in consequence of the breaking of a rope on the Clifton shore ; one man was slightly hurt, but the iron was driven above five feet deep in the bed of the river. Its appearance, when fished up again, was very curious, being not only crusted with mud, but bent into all the forms of the channel into which it had been precipi- tated. Its curves and contortions when once more elevated to its position, which was ably accomplished by Mr. Brunei, junior, made it a more picturesque object than it was before ; and thousands visited the spot, which had become addition- ally interesting from the accident. All things being made ready, at an early hour on Saturday morning, the Marquis of Northampton laid the first stone, after the customary ceremonies, which he followed with a pertinent address ; a procession having proceeded to Clifton, under the direction of Lieutenant Claxon, R.N., with the usual insignia and decorations. Among the gentlemen present were Lord Sandon, Sir T. D. Acland, and Mr. Brunei, the engineer of the bridge. The rocky ridges on both sides of the river were crowded with animated human life, and the effect amid such scenery can hardly be imagined, far less described. The water alone wanted some animation, for there was hardly a boat upon it, and an occasional steamer passing up and down scarcely redeemed it from stagnation. Four small balloons sent up from below the crag on the Leigh side, seemed to interest the multitude more, than any thing else; and, in truth, it was pretty to see them float along over the uplifted gaze of these tens of thousands, on so beautiful a spot. At the conclusion, the rivulet, not the tide, of human existence, winding down the serpentine path on the Clifton side, was a curious spectacle. At the Gloucester Hotel, a breakfast was given by the Trustees of the Suspension Bridge to about three hundred persons ; several gentlemen addressed the assembly, and the cheering was not the less lpud, because tea, and not wine, was circulating at the tables. 9 THE VICTUALLING HOUSE AT PLYMOUTH. This splendid range of buildings was erected under the superintendence of Sir John Rennie. It contains granaries and ovens for supplying the bread, as also the cellars and storehouses for wine, spirits, meat, &c., to the government vessels in the harbour. The entrance gate, with lofty central arch and lateral doorways, its emblematical sculptures and crowning pedestal, is surmounted by the statue of Wm. IV., in Portland stone. The gateway is built of beautiful granite.— The entire premises occupy an extent of about thirteen acres, of which, perhaps, six acres have been recovered from the sea, the material for that pur- pose being derived from the excavations made in preparing the remainder of the site. Some idea of the labour attendant on this operation may be formed from the fact, that the quantity of rock removed was estimated at 300,000 tons ! To provide against the difficulty of getting vessels round the point in certain states of the wind and tide, a tunnel has been constructed, leading immediately from the Sound to the back of the Yard, into which it opens through a handsome rusticated archway, near the two houses of the resident officers. PLYMOUTH BREAKWATER. This stupendous work is undeniably the greatest of the kind ever undertaken in this country. The exposed situation of the Sound had been long and severely felt as an extreme inconvenience in the harbour, and it was at last determined to oppose, if possible, some barrier to the heavy swell which is here almost con- tinually rolling in from the Atlantic. The plan adopted was, to construct at St. Carlos rocks, about three miles south of Plymouth, a mole, or vast heap of stones, in the middle of the Sound, stretching across its entrance, occupying nearly half its width, and leaving a free passage for vessels, both on the eastern and western shores. The first stone was sunk on the 12th August, 1812; and on the 31st March, 1813, the building began to make its appearance above the surface of the low-water at spring-tides. On the whole the results of this splendid work have fully answered the expectations of its projectors. Before the Breakwater was erected at Plymouth, ships sought the more distant anchorage of Torbay, as a safer station; but even this bay bore so bad a character among naval officers, that Lord Howe used to say it would one day be the grave of the British Fleet. TUB VICTUALLING HOUSE, PLYMOUTH. PLYMOUTH BREAKWATER, ROB ROY’S CAVE, LOCH LOMOND. THE RESIDENCE OF MADAME DE STAEL. 12 COPET, THE RESIDENCE OF MADAME DE STAEL. Nothing can be more agreeable than the environs of Geneva, or more mag- nificent than the prospect which it enjoys. Around it are numbers of enchanting walks, in every situation. — Copet , the favourite retreat of that eminent French financier, Mons. Necker, and of his illustrious daughter, Mad. de Stael, is situated on the beautiful Lake of Geneva. This lady was one of the most celebrated writers of her day; and at the age of fifteen was capable of dis- coursing with her father upon the most serious and important subjects. In 1786 she was married to the Baron de Stael Holstein, the Swedish ambassador, through the patronage of the Queen of France. — -She was the authoress of several popular works ; one of which, a romance entitled “ Delphine,” gave so much offence to Buonaparte, that he banished her from his territories, in the year 1803. She was consequently obliged to leave her father, whom she never after saw. After visiting Germany and Italy, she returned to Copet in 1805. In this retirement she was visited by a young French officer, M. de Rocca, whom she afterwards married, and by whom she had a son ; but the union was kept a secret till after her death, which took place on the 14th July, 1817. ROB ROY’S CAVE. Robert Macgregor, alias Rob Roy, was brought up as a grazier, and in all transactions regarding his word as never to be broken, he attained a vast credit and flourishing trade ; but involving himself in a law-suit with the Duke of Montrose, he lost the day, and, subsequently, his creditors becoming so violently clamorous, he determined to end his difficulties, and absconded to Craigroystone, in the county of Lennox, on the borders of Lochlomond; a place abounding with impenetrable rocks and fastnesses. Here Rob Roy constructed his dreary yet romantic retreat, where he fearlessly rested his weary limbs, secure from the search of his vigilant pursuers. He soon became the chief of a large and faithful band, and carried on the avocation of a free-booter, in defiance of the laws of his country, for a length of time perhaps unprecedented — continually taking the rich prisoners, and detaining them till ransomed by great sums. 13 BONN UNIVERSITY, THE SEAT OF PRINCE ALBERT’S EDUCATION. Bonn, the capital of the Prussian government of Cologne, is situate on the left bank of the Rhine. It contains the University, the charter of which was given by the King of Prussia, in 1818. The expense of fitting up the University was great, and it is surpassed, in extent and beauty, by no University buildings in Europe. It contains more than 50,000 volumes, a museum of antiquities, a collection of casts of the principal ancient statues, a cabinet for natural philo- sophy, clinical institutions of uncommoon extent and order, an anatomical hall, riding-school, and an edifice which contains the mineralogical and zoological collections, and before which lies the botanical gardens. Adjoining it are land and buildings for the use of the agricultural Institute. — Particular advantages are afforded for the education of young men intended for instructors. Many men distinguished in various branches of science, have been connected with this institution, and the exertions that have been made by the government to collect in Bonn all the means of instruction, united with the charms of the place, and the beauties of the scenery, have caused the University to be very much frequented. CHINA STREET, CANTON. The streets of the City are very straight, but generally narrow, and paved with flag-stones. There are many pretty buildings in the City, great numbers of triumphal arches, and temples well stocked with images. The streets of Canton are so crowded that it is difficult to walk in them. The shops of those who deal in silk are very neat, make a fine show, and all in one place : for the tradesmen or dealers in one kind of goods herd together in the same street. — The street where the china shops are, is called by the English sailors, China-row ; the street where clothes are sold, they call Monmouth-street ; the narrow street where men’s caps, shoes, &c., are sold, is well known by the name of Mandarin Cap-alley ; and so of many others. China-street is eminent as being immediately adjoining the English factories ; and consists entirely of houses and shops arranged expressly for their accom- modation and taste. Bonn univkrsiiy, at which prince albert w*as educated. CHINA STREET, CANTON. 16 THE STREETS OF PEKIN Are straight, about one hundred and twenty feet wide, and a full league in length. None but the great shops have either windows or openings in the front wall, though most of them have a sort of terrace, with a railed balcony or parapet-wall in front, ornamented with flowers, shrubs, or stunted trees. The principal streets have on each side a line of builings, consisting entirely of shops and warehouses, in front of which the goods are displayed ; and large wooden pillars are erected higher than the houses, on which are notified in gilt characters the nature of the goods to be sold, and the honest characters of the dealers, and which are, besides, decorated with various coloured flags, streamers, and ribands from top to bottom, exhibiting the appearance of a line of shipping, dressed in the colours of all the different nations of Europe. Nor are the sides of the houses less brilliant in the several colours with which they are painted, consist- ing generally of sky-blue or green, mixed with gold ; and amidst the articles which make the most splendid show are the coffins for the dead, and the funeral biers, which vie in their expensive trappings with the marriage-cars. It is astonishing to see the vast concourse of people that continually fills the streets, and the confusion caused by the prodigious number of horses, camels, mules, and carriages, which cross or meet each other. Besides this inconvenience, one is every now and then stopped by crowds, who stand listening to fortune-tellers, jugglers, ballad-singers, and a thousand other mountebanks and buffoons, who read and relate stories calculated to produce mirth and laughter, or distribute medicines with wonderful eloquence. The police regulation is indeed very expensive to the emperor, for part of the soldiers are kept entirely to take care of the streets ! they are all foot, and their pay large ; besides their watching night and day, it is their duty to see that every person cleans the street before his door, that it is swept every day, and watered every night and morning in dry weather, and that the dirt is taken away after rain; and as the streets are very wide, one of their chief employments is to work themselves, and to keep the middle of the streets very clean, for the con- venience of passengers. After they have taken up the dirt, they level the ground, for the town is not paved, or dry it after it has been turned, or mix it with other dry earth, so that, two hours after great rains, one may go clean to all parts of the town. THK RESIDENCE OF MADAME DE SEVIGNE. INTERIOR OF BURN’S KITCHEN. c 18 CHATEAU DES ROCHERS. THE RESIDENCE OF MADAME DE SEVIGNE. Madame de Sevigne, whose letters are the delight of many, spent the greater part of her life on this spot, in the department of Ille and Yilaine. One of the apartments is still shewn as that in which this lady was wont to indite her letters to her daughter, to whom she was extremely attached ; another, as her bed- room; and a third, as the apartment in which she received the “Gouvernante de Bretagne,” and it was here that she deplored the absence of her husband, the Marquis de Sevigne, who recklessly squandered his property and her own in Paris, and who at last met his death in a duel with one of his gay companions, the Chevalier d’Albert. It was not at Chateau des Rochers that Madame de Sevigne breathed her last; this accomplished lady died, whilst on a visit to her daughter, at the Chateau de Grignan : but the phrenzy which possessed the French nation at that time would not suffer her mortal remains to meet with a better fate than those of Petrarch’s Laura, — her body being torn from its resting-place, it was found in a state of preservation, adorned with jewels and costly stuffs: these articles were too great a temptation ; and the body was stripped naked and left lying on the ground, to mingle as it might with its native earth ! INTERIOR OF BURN’S KITCHEN, AT MOSSGIEL, BETWEEN AYR AND IRVINE. Although the building is but a very plain farm-steading, it is rendered sacred by being once the residence of the inspired Burns. Being situated at the height of the country between the vales of Ayr and Irvine, it has a particularly bleak and exposed appearance, which is imperfectly obviated by a tall hedge, and some well-grown trees, which gather around it, and beneath one of which the poet is said to have loved to recline. The domestic accommodations consisted of a little more than a butt and a ben — that is, a kitchen, and a small room. The latter, though in every respect most humble, and partly occupied by fixed beds, was far from being uncomfortable. Every consideration, however, in the mind of the spectator, sinks beneath the one intense feeling that here within these walls, warmed at this fire-place, lived one of the most extraordinary men that ever breath- ed ; and there wrote some of the most celebrated poems of the modern tines. 19 THE WARNCLIFFE VIADUCT OP THE GREAT WESTERN RAIL-ROAD, HANWELL, MIDDLESEX. This Viaduct connects two vast embankments, and runs parallel with the Uxbridge Road, near the village of Hanwell, Middlesex; it consists of eight noble eliptical arches, springing from massive piers of brick, upon a stone base. The capitals of the piers, and the divisions and coping of the wall on each side of the road, are of stone. The armorial bearings of Lord Warncliffe, boldly carved in stone, are placed over the centre pier of the viaduct, as a compliment to his Lordship for his exertion during the passing of the Act of Parliament for the erection of the rail-road. The best view of the viaduct is from the Uxbridge Road ; the ground seen through the arches is a gentle eminence, upon which se- veral villas are placed ; the whole is thickly studded with trees, forming a park- like scene, of which the viaduct is the architectural ornament. The view from the top of the viaduct is extensive and beautiful ; and from this spot a bird’s-eye view may be obtained of Hanwell Lunatic Asylum. THE RESIDENCE OF ALBERT DURER, AT NUREMBERG. Albert Durer, the eminent engraver and painter, was born at Nuremberg, in Germany, May 20, 1471. He must be ranked as the most eminent of the early engravers on wood; which art, in his time, was quite in its infancy; and although the honour of this invention may not be due to Durer, certainly that of etching on copper is. His engravings are very numerous ; the two finest collections in this country being those in the British Museum, and in the Fitz william Museum at Cambridge : the most admired productions are those of St. Hubert at the Chase , and Melancholy , which conveys the idea of her being the parent of invention : in this, it is said, the “ painter paints himself,” alluding to his melan- choly state of mind, owing to his having such a termagent for a wife, which rendered his life insupportable, broke up his constitution, and hurried him to a premature grave. He died in his native city in 1528, in the 57th year of his age ; and was buried in the cemetery of St. John at Nuremberg. The works of this artist were eagerly purchased, at a very high price. His painting of St. Barthomolew was bought by Rodolph the second, of Germany, and so highly did this monarch value it, that, to prevent it taking harm, he had it brought from Venice to Prague on men’s shoulders. THE WHARNCLIFFE VIADUCT. RESIDENCE OF ALBERT DIIRER. CHELSEA BUN-HOUSE. INTERIOR OF CHELSEA BUN-HOUSE. 22 OLD CHELSEA BUN-HOUSE. This Bun-house, whose fame has extended throughout the land, was first established about the beginning of the last century; for as early as 1712, it is thus mentioned by the celebrated Dean Swift: — “ Pray are not the fine buns sold here in our town, as the rare Chelsea buns ? I bought one to-day in my walk,” &c. It was the fashion formerly for the Boyal Family, and the Nobility and Gentry, to visit Chelsea Bun-house in the morning. George III. and Queen Charlotte were in the habit of frequenting it when their children were young, and used to alight and sit to look around and admire the place and passing scene ; and on one occasion the Queen presented Mrs. Hand, the proprietor, with a silver half-gallon mug, richly enchased, with five guineas in it, as a mark of her approbation for the attention bestowed upon her during these visits. On the morning of Good Friday the Bun-house used to present a scene of great bustle ; it was opened as early as four o’clock; and the concourse of people was so great, that it was difficult to approach the house ; it has been estimated that more than fifty thousand persons have assembled in the neighbourhood be- fore eight in the morning; at length it was found necessary to shut it up partially, in order to prevent the disturbances and excesses of the immense unruly and riotous London mob which congregated on those occasions. Hand-bills were printed, and constables stationed to prevent a recurrence of these scenes. Whilst Ranelagh was in fashion, the Bun-House was much frequented by the visitors of that celebrated temple of pleasure; but after the failure of Ranelagh, the business fell off in a great degree, and dwindled into insignificance. The interior was formerly fitted up in a very singular and grotesque style, being furnished with foreign clocks, and many natural and artificial curiosities from abroad ; but most of these articles disappeared after the decease of Mrs. Hand. The business was carried on by one of her sons, who was a most eccentric character, and used to dress in a very peculiar manner. At his decease his elder brother came into possession of the business : he had been bred a soldier, and was at that time one of the poor Knights of Windsor. He left no family, nor relations, in consequence of which the property reverted to the crown. The Old Bun-ljouse was taken down, and rebuilt ; the new building presents a very different appearance to the original one. There is still an extensive trade carried on, although by no means equal to that ol former years. 23 NORTH LONDON CEMETERY, HIGHGATE. The site chosen for the Northern Cemetery is on the southern slope of Highgate Hill, immediately beneath the new Gothic Church : the space occupied at present is about four hundred yards in length, and two hundred and fifty in width. All persons acquainted with the northern suburbs of London, will know that this is one of the most beautiful and picturesque spots in the vicinity of the metropolis, commanding, not only a view of the giant city, but of many miles of the country beyond it. It may well be supposed, that so eligible a spot would be decked with numerous villas and gardens belonging to gentlemen of opulence, to whom the establishment of a cemetery in the midst of their suburban retreats might be disagreeable ; the directors of the company have prevented this feeling, by fully availing themselves of the capabilities of the ground, to covert into a beautiful landscape-garden the walks and shrubberies, assending one above the other, by artificial means, as well as by the natural acclivity. The buildings erected in different parts of the ground, are highly ornamented, and of varied styles of architecture. In addition to the carriage-road, the foot-paths in all directions circle round the numerous plantations and flower-beds ; and being interspersed with elegant monuments, the eye luxuriates on each variety of objects, placed apart from each other, so that it is impossible for the spectators to suppose they are walking so limited an extent of ground. About half way up the hill, a totally different scene presents itself: the roads gradually decend to the entrance of a tunnel, called the Egyptian Avenue; the angular aperature, with heavy cornice, embel- lished with a flying serpent, and other oriental ornaments ; the Egyptian pillars, and the well-proportioned obelisks that rise gracefully on each side of the entrance, recall to the imagination the sepulchral temples at Thebes, described by Belzoni. The solemn grandeur of this portion of the cemetery is much heightened by the gloomy appearance of the avenue, which is one hundred feet long; but, as the road leading through it is a gentle assent, the perspective effect makes it appear a much greater length. The lower part of the grounds are striking, from their beauty of situation and tasteful arrangement; but the view of the upper plantations, on ascending from the sepulchre, is still more so. Here we have an architectural display of another character: a long range of catacombs, entered by Gothic doorways, and ornamented buttresses, the whole surmounted with an elegant pierced parapet. NORTH LONDON CEMETERY, 111GHGATE. BUNYAN’S PULPIT. MONUMENT OF JOAN OF ARC, AT ROUEN. Joan of Arc, commonly called the maid of Orleans, was born in the year 1412, in the village of Domremi, near Vancouleur, on the boarders of Lorraine. Her parents were poor country-people, who had brought her up to mind their cattle. She quitted her parents at an early age, and became servant at a small Inn, where she acquired a robust and hardy frame, by acting as hostler, attending to the horses, and riding them to water. At the above period France was openly divided between two rival monarchs — Henry VI. and Charles VII. ; and, prophecies floated about, that a virgin could alone rid that country of her enemies. At an early age, these prophecies had fixed the attention of Joan; and according to one account, when about thirteen years of age, at twelve o’clock one summer day, being in her father’s garden, she had a revelation from heaven, the belief in which laid the foundation of her future eventful history. That she believed herself inspired, few will deny ; that she was inspired, no one will venture to assert : — still, it could have been enthusaism of no common kind, which enabled a young maiden to assume the possession of arms, to lead her troops to battle, to fight among the foremost, and to subdue, with an inferior force, an enemy then believed to be invincible; all which Joan of Arc did ! To attempt to explain the surprising story of the Maid of Orleans, is impossible — one thing is certain, that a country girl overthrew the power of England — and that her appearance turned the tide of war, which, from that moment, flowed without interruption in Charles’s favour! Memorials of Joan of Arc are to this hour cherished in France, and an annual fete is held at Orleans ; where a monument is erected to her memory; as well as one at Rouen. BUNYAN’S PULPIT. This treasured relic is in the Methodist Chapel, Palace Yard, Lambeth. It appears that the pulpit came from the Meeting-house in Zoar Street, where Bunyan was allowed to deliver his discourses, by favour of his friend Dr. Thomas Barlow, Bishop of Lincoln, to whom it belonged. Here Bunyan preached when- ever he visited London ; and if only one day’s notice were given, the place would not contain half the people who assembled. Three thousand have been sometimes gathered together in that remote part of the town ; and even on a dark winter’s morning, at seven o’clock, not less than twelve hundred. 27 WINDMILL HILL, GRAVESEND. Gravesend is pleasantly situated on an acclivity rising from the south bank of the Thames. Amidst the surprising improvements in many of our towns, within the last twenty years, none, perhaps, is more astounding, than those made in the once humble, puddly town of Gravesend, now metamorphosed into an exhilirating emporium and pleasurable rendezvous, inferior to few or any in the delightful and healthy county of Kent. Gravesend is a singular town — it is a ship on dry land. Its inhabitants are its crew — its visitors passengers. It is for ever fluctu- ating — what was Gravesend to-day will be a different Gravesend to-morrow ; still retaining the same exterior appearance. Numerous steamers visit this port daily, bringing human cargoes, amounting, on a low average, to between three and four hundred persons for each vessel : indeed, it has been known for one steamer to have upwards of one thousand passengers on board. What with its pleasant views; its salubrious air ; its new streets, new piers, old houses made new ; its beauiful walks ; and its adjacent Botanical Gardens, Gravesend must continue the favoured resort of the over-crowded population of the metropolis. There is an excellent Market, situated in High Street, where every description of provision may be obtained of the best quality, and at moderate prices. THE BIRTH-PLACE OF DRYDEN. John Dryden, one of the most eminent of our poets, was born August 9th, 1631, at the parsonage-house of Aldwinkle (All-Saints), a parish in the hundred of Huxloe, County of Northampton. The church is remarkable for its beautiful tower; it has some windows in the decorated English style, and a small orna- mented chapel. Dryden was the eldest son of Erasmus Dryden, of Tichmersh, a third son of Sir Erasmus Dryden, Bart., of Canons Ashby, in Northamptonshire. He received the early part of his education in the country, and was then removed to Westminster School, where he was instructed as one of the King’s scholars, by Dr. Busby, whence he was elected to a scholarship in Trinity College, Cambridge, and took his degree as Bachelor of Arts. His father dying in 1654, he took possession of his estate, subject, however, to considerable deductions for the widow and younger children. — He ,died at his house in Gerrard Street, Soho, on the 1st. May,* 1701. < 30*1 , / <- BACK OF WINDMILL HILL, GRAVESEND. BIRTH-PLACE OF DRYDEN. THE AULD BRIG OF DOON. JOHN KNOX’S RESIDENCE, AT GLASGOW, 30 THE AULD BRIG OF DOON, The Auld Brig of Doon, which is situated in the vicinity of Ayr, on the western coast of Scotland, is said to have been built as far back as the reign of Alexander III., by two maiden sisters, who devoted their whole fortunes to this patriotic purpose, and whose effigies were till lately shown in a faded condition, upon a stone in the western parapet, near the south end of the fabric. “The Doon,” says Chambers, “was the river of Burn’s boyhood; the Ayr, of his youth and manhood.” The road immediately after passing Burn’s birth- place, and the ruins ofAlloway Kirk, crosses the Ayr, by a modern bridge of one arch; and, at the distance of a hundred yards further up the river, is the “ Auld Brig,” which is approached by a steep way, forming Tam’s line of march when pursued by the witches, and is connected with the road by a sharp turn. It is a fine old arch, and though disused, except for foot passengers, is kept in excellent order. JOHN KNOX’S RESIDENCE, GLASGOW. It is a matter of no small regret, that the residences, places of sepulture, or of refuge, of eminent men, in former times, have not been considered more worthy of preservation, either by such pictorial representations, or authentic memoirs, as might satisfy the biographer in pursuit of information of so much moment in elucidating the lives of remarkable men, as well as the topographer, or antiqua- rian, in furnishing them with the exact locality of the spot. The residence of the eminent John Knox was, for many years at Glasgow, — the place of his nativity, however, has been a subject of some dispute; but the prevailing opinion is, that he was born at Gifford, a village in East Lothian ; and the house in which his birth is said to have taken place is still shewn by the inhabitants, in one of the suburbs of the town, called the Gifford-Gate. — John Knox died in 1572, when he had reached the 67th year of his age. His mortal remains were followed to the grave by all the respectable characters in Edinburgh, as well as by several of the nobility, and particularly by the Earl of Morton, the regent of the kingdom, who, as soon as the body was committed to the earth, said, “ There lies he who never feared the face of man : who hath often been threatened with dag and dagger , but hath yet ended his days in peace and honour .” 31 JOHN KNOX’S MONUMENT. A monument, in its widest sense, includes everything by which the memory of a person, period or event, is perpetuated. Monuments of antiquity include writings, as well as the productions of the fine and useful arts ; for Homer’s poems are equally a monument of his time, as the Pantheon, or the domestic utensils found amongst the ruins of Pompeii. These relics are of the greatest interest, leading us back into former ages, and representing the manners, customs, and institutions of the people. Some are valuable only in their character of memorials, that is, as preserving the memory of certain persons or events ; others have an intrinsic value, as works of the fine arts. Among the monuments in honour of individuals, are tombs, and sepulchral edi- ficies or columns. In all ages, and with every nation, we find this deception of monument, from the first rude attempts of art, to those of its greatest perfection. The most ancient known to us are the obelisks and pyramids of Egypt ; and, per- haps, contemporary with these, the tombs of the Persian kings, which are still beheld with admiration in the ruins of Persepolis. The Rev. Dr. Macgill was the prime mover in the erection of a monument to one of the greatest men Scotland ever produced — the mighty Reformer, John Knox. It forms a very attractive object in the Necropolis, at Glasgow, which for beauty and effect has perhaps no equal in the kingdom. It was erected by public subscription, 1825, from a design by Mr. Thomas Hamilton, of Edinburgh ; the statue being the production of Mr. R. Forrest, a Lanarkshire artist : colossal in its proportions, it seems, says Chambers, like the spirit of the Reformer come back to inveigh with outstretched arm against the Cathedral, and, if possible, complete the work which he left unfinished at his death. To enter into a detail of all the important events resulting from the powerful exertions of this extraordinary preacher, would be impossible : the two following instances will convey some idea of the intense excitement which his sermons created in the minds of his hearers: — On Sunday, May 29th, 1559, John Knox preached a sermon at Crail, against the system of the Romish Church; and the people being previously prepared to listen to his very just invectives, they, with more zeal than discretion, arose and demolished all the churches in this part of the country (St. Andrew). Next Sunday he delivered another sermon in St. Andrew's, which had the effect of causing a more violent scene. The mob which he incited, instantly commenced the destruction of the cathedral : and the splendid work of a hundred and fifty-nine years was undone in one day ! JOHN KNOX’S MONUMENT. 33 HATFIELD HOUSE, HERTS. Hatfleld is, in many respects, one of the most distinguished mansions of our nobility. It has been a palace, episcopal, regal, and noble, for upwards of seven centuries ; and ranks as one of the most complete specimens of old English or domestic architecture, and a pattern of the magnificent style prevalent at the period of its erection. Hatfield, in the county of Hertford, is an old town, situated on the steep slope of a'hill, of which the House occupies the airy summit. It commands views in every direction of an undulated country, equally remarkable for its natural beauty and excessive fertility. The mansion stands in a fine park, which is watered by the river Lea, and the demesne is distant twenty miles northward from the metro- polis, six from St. Albans, and seven from Hertford, the county town. Probably, none of our fine, old, country mansions is better known than Hatfield ; its elevated situation and peculiar architecture rendering it one of the most striking objects on the Great North Road, from which it is situate but a short distance. In the Anglo-Saxon times, Hatfield belonged to Jthe Crown ; but, before the Norman Conquest, King Edgar granted it to the abbot of Ely and his successors, by one of whom, in the year 1109, Hatfield was retained as an episcopal palace, under the name of Bishops Hatfield. We find rare mention of this particular palace : but that it was extensive may be inferred from the excessive pomp of the bishops of Ely, one of whom, William Longchamp, chancellor of King Richard I., usually travelled with a retinue of 1,500 horsemen. In 1538, Henry VIII. granted to Bishop Goodrich, a zealous promoter of the Reformation, certain estates in Cambridgeshire, in exchange for Hatfield; in consequence of which it became one of the royal palaces, and towards the latter end of this reign, was appointed to be the residence of Edward, Prince of Wales, who was here when the account of his father’s death was brought to him. In 1550, Edward VI. granted this palace to his sister, the Princess Elizabeth : and here, upon the breaking out of Sir Thomas Wyatt’s rebellion, in the reign of Queen Mary, Elizabeth was committed to the care of Sir Thomas Pope, having been removed thither from Woodstock. From various records, it appears that the princess lived in splendour and affluence at Hatfield; that she was often admitted to the diversions of the court; and that her situation was by no means a state of oppres- sion and imprisonment, as represented by some historians. Here Elizabeth received the news of her sister’s decease, and of her own accession to the throne. D HATFIELD HOUSE, HERTS.— SOUTH FRONT. HATFIELD HOUSE, HEKTS, 36 HATFIELD HOUSE. — (the great hall.) The interior of this stately mansion, and the general arrangement of the noble suite of apartments correspond, in every respect, with the masterly design of its magnificent exterior. Westward of the northern entrance, which is the usual approach to the House, the entire ground story was occupied by domestic offices. Eastward is the Great Hall, the dimension of which is 50 ft. by 30 ft. A massive, carved screen occupies the whole of the lower end, bearing the arms of William second earl of Salisbury, K.G., and his Countess Katherine, who was the daugh- ter of Thomas Howard, Earl of Suffolk; and the arms of Henry Clifford, Earl of Cumberland, and his Countess Frances, the daughter of Kobert, Earl of Salisbury ; higher on the same screen is the crest of the founder. There are bay windows, rising the whole height of the Hall, two stories, beside the oriel at the upper end, near which the Lord’s Table stood in