Hi? I ec-fi- ®fje jWame Pulletm Entered at the Post Office at Orono as second class matter Vol. XIV University of Maine, Orono, Maine, November, 1911 No. 3 COLLEGE OF ARTS AND SCIENCES Instruction — Material Equipment— Historical Sketch Requirements for Admission and Graduation — The Bachelor of Arts Degree The College of Art* and Sciences is that division of the University of Maine which is analogous to the New England college. It offers instruction in English, classical and modern languages ; math- ematics, biology, biological chemistry, chemistry, geology, and physics; history, philosophy, eco- nomics, sociology, and education. Its courses are arranged to prepare for the study of law, med- icine, and theology; for teaching; and the various branches of business life College of &rte anb ^ctenceg OF THE SJmbergttp of Jffiame A DESCRIPTION OF ITS PURPOSES AND FACILITIES FOR INSTRUCTION Printed for the University SENTINEL PUBLISHING CO. WATERVlU.lv, MAINE I9II FACULTY Robert Jul: son A ley, President A. B., Indiana Univ., 1888; A. M., 1890; Ph. D., Univ. of Pennsylvania, 1897; LL. D., Franklin College, 1909. Principal, high school, Spencer, Indiana, 1882-1885, 1886-1887; instructor in mathematics, Indiana Univ., 1887- 1888; professor of mathematics, Vincennes Univ., 1889-1891; professor of mathematics, Indiana Univ., 1891-1910; acting assistant professor of mathe- matics, Leland-Stanford Univ., 1894-1895; Harrison Fellow, Univ. of Penn- sylvania, 1896-1897; superintendent of public instruction, Indiana, March 15, 1909-November 12, 1910; president, Univ. of Maine, December, 1910—. Fellow, Indiana Academy of Science, American Association for the Ad- vancement of Science; secretary, National Council of Education; secre- tary, board of trustees, National Education Association; American Mathe- matical Society; London Mathematical Society; Edinburgh Mathematical Society; English Mathematical Association; Deutsche Mathematiker Ver- einigung; editor, Educator Journal; Phi Beta Kappa; Sigma Xi ; Phi Kappa Phi. James Stacy Stevens, Professor of Physics; Dean of the College of Arts and Sciences B. S., Univ. of Rochester, 1885; M. S., 1888; M. S., Syracuse Univ., 1889; LL. D., Univ. of Rochester, 1907. Graduate student, Syracuse Univ., 1888- 1890; Univ. of Chicago, 1895-1896; principal, village schools, Jasper, N. Y., 1885-1886; instructor in sciences, Cook Academy, Montour Falls, N. Y., 1886-1891; professor of physics Univ. of Maine, 1891—; in charge of depart- ment of electrical engineering, 1894-1896; Dean of College of Arts and Sci- ences, 1905—. Societe francaise de physique, American Physical Society, fellow, American Association for the Advancement of Science; Phi Beta Kappa; Phi Kappa Phi. Merrttt Caldwell Fkknald, Emeritus Professor of Phil- osophy B. A., Bowdoin College, 1861; M. A., 1864; Ph. D., 1881; LL. D., 1902; LL. D., Univ. of Maine, 1908; graduate student, Harvard Univ., 1863. Principal, Gould's Academy, 1863-1864; principal, Houlton Academy, 1865- 1866; principal, Foxcroft Academy, 1866-1868; professor of mathematics and acting president, Univ. of Maine, 1868-1871; professor of physics, 1871- 1879; president, 1879-1893; professor of philosophy, 1896-1908; emeritus pro- fessor, 1908—. Fellow, American Association for the Advancement of Sci- ence; National Education Association; American Social Science Associa- tion; Phi Beta Kappa; Phi Kappa Phi. college: of arts and sciences Lucius Herbert Merrill, Professor of Biological and Agri- cultural Chemistry B. S., Univ. of Maine, 1883; Sc. D., 1908. Assistant curator, United States National Museum, department of lithology and physical geology, 1884-1885; chemist, Maine Agricultural Experiment Station, 1886-1908; instructor in biological chemistry, University of Maine, 1897-8; professor of biological chemistry, 1898-1906; professor biological and agricultural chemistry, 1907—. Fellow American Association for the Advancement of /science; American Chemical Society; Society for the Promotion of Agricultural Research; Phi Kappa Phi. James Norris Hart, Professor of Mathematics and Astronomy Dean of the University B. C E., Univ. of Maine, 1885; C E., 1890; Sc. D., 1908; M. S., Univ. of Chicago, 1897. Principal, Dennysville high school, 1885-1886; principal, Ma- chias high school, 1886-1887; instructor in mathematics and drawing, Univ. of Maine, 1887-1890; professor of mathematics and astronomy, 1890—; Dean of the University, 1903—. American Mathematical Society; Astronomical and Astrophysical Society of America; fellow, American Association for the Advancement of Science; Phi Kappa Phi; Tau Beta Pi. John Homer Huddilston, Professor of Greek and Classical Archaeology A. B., Baldwin Univ., 1890; A. M., 1892; A. B., Harvard Univ., 189-3; Ph. D., Munich, 1898. Instructor in classics, Baldwin Univ., 1890-1892; instructor in Greek, Northwestern Univ., 1893-1895; lecturer in classical archaeology, Bryn Mawr College, 1898-1899; professor of Greek, Univ. of Maine, 1899-1909; professor of Greek and classical archaeology, 1909 — . American Philological Association; Society for the Promotion of Hellenic Studies; Phi Kappa Phi. Ralph Kneeland Jones, Librarian B. S., Univ. of Maine, 1886; Amherst Library School, 1897. Librarian, Univ. of Maine, 1897 — . American Library Association; Bibliographical Soc ; ety of America; Phi Kappa Phi. 1 'cob Bernaed Segal, Professor of Romance Languages B. S., B. L., Univ. of Jassy, 1884; Ph. D., Columbia Univ., 1893; student, Lycee, Jassy, New York Univ., Polytechnikum, Zurich, Univ. of Munich, aDd Sorbonne, Paris. Instructor in French, Cornell Univ., 1893-1896, 1897- 900; lecturer in modern languages, McGill Univ., 1900-1901; instructor in ■ ench, New York Univ., 1901-1903; professor of Romance languages, Univ. f Maine, 1903—. HeorgE Davis Chase, Professor of Latin ' . B., Harvard Univ., 1889; A. M., 1895; Ph. D., 1897; traveling fellow at '' iv. of Deipsic, 1897-1898. Submaster, Bristol Academy, Taunton, Mass., 89-l?94; instructor in Latin, Lawrenceville School, N. J., J898-1899; assist- ■ ofessor of comparative philology, Cornell Univ., 1889-1901; instructor Latin, Wesleyan Univ., 1901-1902; associate professor of Latin, 1902-1905; ssor of Latin, Univ. of Maine, 1905—. American Philological Associa- : n; New England Classical Association; assistant secretary, American Society: Phi Beta Kappa; Phi Kappa Phi. FACULTY Caroline Colvin, Professor of History A. B., Indiana Univ., 1893; Ph. D., Univ. of Pennsylvania, 1901; special research work in Ireland and Scotland, 1901-1902. Instructor in history, in charge of department, Fort Wayne high school, Indiana, 1893-1898; instructor in history, Univ. of Maine, 1902-1903; assistant professor, 1903- 1906; professor, 1906 — . Royal Society of Antiquities of Ireland; American Historical Association; American Academy of Political and Social Sciences; Phi Beta Kappa; Phi Kappa Phi. * Robert James Sprague, Professor of Economics and Sociology A. B., Boston Univ., 1897; A. M., 1899; A. M., Harvard, 1900; Ph. D., Boston Univ., 1901 ; special work in Europe, 1898 and 1903. Instructor, Maine W'esleyan Seminary and Woman's College, 1897-1898; professor of economics and history, Knox College, 1901-1906; professor of economics and sociology, Univ. of Maine, 1906 — . Special research work for the Carnegie Institution. Fellow, American Association for the Advancement of Science. Wallace Craig, Professor of Philosophy B. S., Univ. of Illinois, 1898; M. S., 1901; Ph. D., Univ. of Chicago, 190S; Marine Biological Laboratory, Woods Hole, Mass.; 1903, 1906, 1911; zoologi- cal assistant, Illinois Biological Station, 1898-1899; science teacher, Harlan high school, Illinois, 1900; Fort Collins high school, Colorado, 1900-1901, Cashocton high school, Ohio, 1904-1905; assistant in zoology, Univ. of Chi- cago, 1902-1904; teacher of biology and psychology, State Normal School, Valley City, North Dakota, 1905-1897; professor of philosophy, Univ. of Maine, 1908—. American Association for the Advancement of Science; Sigma Xi. Roland Palmer Gray, Professor of English B. A., Columbia Univ., 1893; M. A., Univ. of Rochester, 1908. Graduate work at Harvard Univ., Yale Univ., Oxford Univ., and British Museum, London. Instructor in English Literature, Marmaduke Military Academy, Missouri, 1893-1894; instructor in English, Univ. of Nebraska, 1894-1895; instructor in English, Univ. of Rochester, 1895-1902; assistant professoi. 1902-1905; professor of English language and literature, Acadia College, Canada, 1905-1908; assistant professor of English, Indiana Univ., 1908-1909; professor of English, Univ. of Maine, 1909—. Modern Language Associa- tion of America; Phi Kappa Phi. Ralph Harper McKEE, Professor of Chemistry A. B., Wooster Univ., 1S95; A. M., 1897; Ph. D., Univ. of Chicago, 1901; Univ. of Berlin, 1906. Assistant in chemistry, Wooster Univ., 1894-1895; professor of chemistry and mathematics, Carthage College, 1895-1898; fellow in chemistry, Univ. of Chicago, 1899-1900; instructor in chemistry, Lake Forest Univ., 1900-1901; professor of chemistry, 1901-1909; professor of chemistry, Univ. of Maine, 1909—. Fellow, American Association for the AdvanccitM ni of Science; Illinois Academy of Science; American Chemical Society; Deutsche chemische Gesellschaft; vice chairman and secretary, division of organic chemistry, American Chemical Association, 1908-1910; member of the national committee on museum of the American Chemical Society; organic section of the organizing committee of the Eighth Indus- trial Congress of Applied Chemistry. * Absent on leave, 1911-32. COLLEGE OF ARTS AND SCIENCES Garrett William Thompson, Professor of German A. B., Amherst College, 1888; A. M., 1901; Ph. D., Univ. of Pennsylvania, 1905; Univ. of Berlin. Professor of English, Temple College, 1892-1893; vice- principal and professor of German, Friend's Central School, Philadelphia, 1S93-1904; instructor in German, Swarthmore College, 1905-1906; instructor in German, Univ. of Pennsylvania, 1906-1907; professor of German, Frank- lin and Marshall College, 1907-1909; professor of German, Univ. of Maine, 1909—. Modern Language Association of America; Manuscript Society of Philadelphia; Modern Language Association of the Middle States; Phi Beta Kappa. Guy Andrew Thompson, Professor of English Literature B. A., Univ. of Illinois, 1898; B. A., Harvard Univ., 1900; M. A., 1901; graduate student in English, Univ. of Chicago, 1906-1908; fellow in Eng- lish, 1907-1908. Instructor in English and German, Millersburg Military Institute, Millersburg, Ky., 1898-1899; tutor in English and German, Univ. of Maine, 1901-1902, instructor in English, 1902-1905; acting head of the Department of English, 1908-1909; professor of English Literature, 1909 — . Modern Language Association of America; Phi Kappa Phi. * Windsor Pratt Daggett, Professor of Public Speaking Ph. B., Brown Univ., 1902; School of Expression, Boston, summer session, 1903; graduated from Leland Powers's School of the Spoken Word, 1905; graduate school, Columbia LTniv., 1911-1912. Instructor, Mercersburg Acad., Mercersburg, 1903; instructor, Univ. of Maine, 1906-1908; professor of public speaking, 1908—. Minton Asbury Chrysler, Professor of Biology B. A.. Univ. of Toronto, 1894; Ph. D., Univ. of Chicago, 1904; student in Ontario School of Pedagogy, 1894-1895; science master, Toronto Junction Collegiate Institute, 1895-i902; fellow in botany, Univ. of Chicago, 1903-1904; instructor in botany, Marine Biological Laboratory, Woods Hole, Mass., summer of 1904; assistant in Botany, Harvard Univ., 1904-1905; instructor, 1905-1907; assistant professor of botany, Univ. of Maine, 1907-1910; pro- fessor, 1910-1911; professor of biology, 1911—. Fellow, American Association for the Advancement of Science; Botanical Society of America; New Eng- land Botanical Club; Phi Kappa Phi. Arthur Julius Jones, Professor of Education A. B., Grinnell College, 1893; Ph. D., Columbia Univ., 1907. Instructor in biology and geology, Grinnell College, 1893-1895; teacher of biology, Central high school, Minneapolis, 1895-1898; superintendent of schools, Redwood Falls, Minn., 1898-1904; graduate scholar, Columbia Univ., 1904-1905; fellow, 1905-1907; professor of education, State Normal School, Providence, R. I., 1907-1911; profes&or of education, LTniv. of Maine, 1911—. National Educa- tion Association; New England Association of College Teachers of Edu- cation. Phi Beta Kappa. George Ware Stephens, Actiig Professor of Economics and Sociology Ph. B., Iowa Wesleyan College, 1904; A. M., Univ. of Wisconsin, 1907; Ph. D., 1911. Instructor in economics, Iowa Wesleyan Univ., 1905-1906; professor, 1907-1910; instructor in economics, Univ. of Wisconsin, 1910-1911; acting professor of economics and sociology, Univ. of Maine, 1911—. American Economic Association. * Absent on leave, 1911-12. I'.U I LTY Charles Wilson EaslEy, Associate Professor of Chemistry A. B., Dickinson College, 1897; A. M., 1899; Ph. D., Clark Univ., 1908. In- structor in science, Troy Conference Academy, Poultney, Vt., 1897-1899; instructor in chemistry and physics, Dover Academy, Dover, Del., 1899-1901; graduate work, Clark, 1901-1903; honorary fellow, 1903-1904; instructor in chemistry, Clark College, 1903-1908; assistant professor of chemistry, 1908- 1909; associate professor of chemistry, Undv. of Maine, 1909 — . American (Chemical Society. Andrew Paul Raggicl Associate Professor of Romance Languages A. B.. Univ. of Texas, 1896; student of Romance languages in France, Italy, and Spain, 1896-1901; A. M., Harvard Univ., 1902; Ph. D., 1904; in- structor in Spanish, Simmons College, 1902-1903; teacher of English, Har- vard Summer School for Porto Rican Teachers, 1904; lecturer in old French and Italian, Bryn Mawr College, 1904-1905; assistant in French and Spanish, St. Lou's central high school, 1905-1906; instructor in Romance languages, Univ. of Mame, 1907; assistant professor, 1907-1911; associate professor, 1911—. Modern Language Association of America; New England Modern Language Association; American Dialect Socrety; Association Phonetique Internationale; executive committee and provisory council of the Italo-American Alliance. * HarlEy Richard Willard, Assistant Professor of Mathe- matics B. A., Dartmouth College, 1?99; M. A., 1902; M. A.. Yale Univ., 1910; graduate student, Yale Univ., 1909-1912. Principal, Orleans high school, Vermont, 1899-1900; assistant in physics, Dartmouth College, 1900-1902; instructor in mathematics. Kenyon Military Academy, Ohio, 1902-1904; in- structor in mathematics, Univ. of Maine, 1904-1907; assistant professor of mathematics, Univ. of Maine, 1907—. University fellow, Yale Univ., 1909- 1911; instructor in mathematics, Yale Univ., 1911-1912. Phi Beta Kappa; Phi Kappa Phi; Sigma Xi. Leon Elmer Woodman, Assistant Professor of Physics B. A., Dartmouth College, 1899; M. A., 1902; Ph. D., Columbia Univ., 1911. University fellow, Columbia Univ., 1907-1908; teacher in high school, Claren- don, Vermont, 1899-1900; assistant in physics, Dartmouth College, 1901- 1902; instructor in physics and mathematics in high school, Nashua, N. H., 1902-1904; instructor in physics, Univ. of Maine, 1904-1905; assistant in physics, Columbia Univ., 1905-1907; assistant professor of physics, Univ. of Maine, 1908—. American Association for the Avancement of Science; associate member of the American Physical Society; Phi Beta Kappa; Sigma Xi; Phi Kappa Phi. Truman Leicii Hamlin, Assistant Professor of Mathematics A. B., Western Reserve Univ., 1899; A. M., Univ. of Missouri, 1902. Pro- fessor of Latin, Benedict College, 1899-1901; teaching fellow in mathematics, Univ. of Missouri, 1901-1902; superintendent, Jackson Military Academy, 1902-1909; instructor in mathematics, Univ. of Maine, 1909-1910; assistant professor of mathematics, 1910—. * Absent on leave, 1911-12. COLLEGE OF ARTS AND SCIENCES Alice Middleton Boring, Assistant Professor of Zoology A. B., Bryn Mawr College, 1904; A. M., 1905; Ph. D., 1910; student Univ. of Pennsylvania, 1905-1906; Univ. of Wurzburg, 1908-1909; Zoological Station at Naples, 1909. Laboratory assistant, Bryn Mawr College, 1904-1905; in- structor in zoology, Vassar College, 1907-1908; instructor in zoology, Univ. of Maine, 1909-1911; assistant professor, 1911 — . Society or American Zo- ologists; American Association for the Advancement of Science. Walter Everett Prince, Instructor in English Ph. B., Brown Univ., 1904; M. A., 1905. Teacher in high school, Wickford, R. I., 1904-1905; instructor in English, Univ. of Maine, 1905—. Lowell Jacob Reed, Instructor in Mathematics B. S., Univ. of Maine, 1907. Instructor in mathematics and physics, Univ. of Maine, 1907-1908; instructor in mathematics, 1908—. Phi Kappa Phi. Harry Newton Conser, Instructor in Botany B. S., Union Academy, Perm., 1883; M. S., 1886; student, Univ. of Leipsic and Bonn, 1888-1889; M. A., Harvard Univ., 1908. Professor of biology, Cen- tral Pennsylvania College, '1884-1894; assistant principal, Sunbury high school, Penn., 1894-1896; principal, 1896-1907; assistant in botany, Harvard Univ., 1908; instructor in botany, Univ. of Maine, 1908 — . American Asso- ciation for the Advancement of Science. Robert Rutherford Drummond, Instructor in German B. S., Univ. of Maine, 1905; Ph. D., Univ. of Pennsylvania, 1909; Univer- sity scholar in Germanics, Univ. of Pennsylvania, 1905-1907; Harrison Fellow in Germanics, 1907-1909; student Univ. of Goettlngen, Germany, spring semester, 1908. Instructor in German, St. Joseph College, 1906; acting professor of modern languages, Pennsylvania Military College, 1907; instructor in German, Univ. of Maine, 1910—. Modern Language Association of America. Slierman Daniel Chambers, Instructor in Mathematics B. S., Baldwin Univ., Ohio, 1904; M. S.. 1911. Assistant Principal, Eaton high school, Ohio, 1904-1905; teacher, Wyoming Seminary, Kingston, Penn., 1905-1907; teaching fellow in mathematics, Ohio State Univ., 1907- 1908; assistant professor of mathematics, North Dakota Agricultural Col- lege, 1908-1909; instructor in mathematics, Univ. of Maine, 1909—. Walter Edmund Wilbur, Instructor in Mathematics B. S., Univ. of Maine, 1908; M. S., 1911. Instructor in mathematics and science, Orono high school, 1908-1909; instructor in mathematics, Univ. of Maine, 1909—. Ernest Claude Drew, Instructor in Physics B. S., Univ. of Vermont, 1909. Tutor in physics, Univ. of Maine, 1909- 1910; instructor in physics, 1910 — . Lloyd MeEks Burghart, Instructor in Chemistry .o. A., Lake Forest College, 1906; M. A., Univ. of Maine, 1911. In charge of technical laboratories at Davenport, Iowa, Chicago, 111., and Pekin, 111., 1906-1909; graduate assistant in analytic chemistry, Univ. of Illinois, 1909-1910; instructor in chemistry, Univ. of Maine, 1910—. American Chemi- cal Society. FACULTY Victor Alvin Ketuham, Instructor in English B. A., Ohio State Univ., 1907, LL. B., 1910. Instructor in debating, Mt. Vernon high school, Ohio, 1909-1910; instructor in English, Univ. of Maine, 1910—. Delta Sigma Rho. Arthur Moses Buswell, Instructor in Chemistry B. A., Univ. of Minnesota, 1910. Instructor in science and mathematics, Windom Institute, Montevideo, Minn., 1908-1909; assistant in mineralogy, Univ. of Minnesota, 1909-1910; chemist, Kennicott Water Softening Co., Chicago Height, EL; chemist, Minnesota Board of Health; instructor in chemistry, Univ. of Maine, 1910—. Americal Chemical Society. EarlE Ovando Whittier, Instructor in Chemistry B. S., Univ. of Maine, 1911. Instructor in chemistry, Univ. of Maine, 1911 — . American Chemical Society. Clayton UlrEy, Instructor in Physics A. B., Indiana Univ., 1911. Teacher, Packerton grammar school, Indiana, 1905-1906; Middletown grammar school, Indiana, 1906-1907; Liberty Mills high school, Indiana, 1907-1908; Elizabeth high school, Indiana, 1908-1909; instructor in physics, Univ. of Maine, 1911—. Phi Beta Kappa. Howard Madison ParshlEy, Instructor in Biology A. B., Harvard Univ., 1909; A. M., 1910. Assistant in botany, 1908-1909; instructor in biology, Univ. of Maine, 1911—. American Entomological Society. Walter Lethby Leighton, Instructor in English A. B., Harvard Univ., 190]; A. M., 1902; Ph. D., Univ. of Virginia, 1908. Teaching fellow, Univ. of Virginia, 1907-1908; instructor in English, Wash- ington Univ., 1905-1907; instructor in English, Univ. of Virginia, 1907-1908; assistant professor of English composition, Ohio State Univ., 1908-1910; acting assistant professor of English literature and composition, Lehigh Univ., 1910-1911; instructor in English, Univ. of Maine, 1911—. Association of Colleges and Preparatory Schools of the Middle States and Maryland. William KistlER Huff, Instructor in English A. B., Harvard, 1910. Vice principal, Sellersville high school, Penn. ; instructor in English, Univ. of Maine, 1911—. EmilE Sam Samra, Tutor in German B. es L,, College of Antoura, Mont Liban, 1904. Teacher of French, Broumana high school, Mont Liban, 1905-1907; teacher of French, Williams- port-Dickinson Seminary, Williamsport, Penn., 1907-1910; tutor in German. Univ. of Maine, 1911—. < < ^flffi£#*a»*>- ;f INTRODUCTORY The University of Maine is divided for administration pur- poses into five groups, — the College of Agriculture, the College of Arts and Sciences, the Maine Agricultural Experiment Sta- tion, the College of Law, and the College of Technology. The College of Arts and Sciences is that division of the Uni- versity which corresponds to the usual college. It confers the degree of Bachelor of Arts upon students who complete the curricula made up from its various departments. Like the typical New England college, it places especial emphasis upon the obtaining of an education for its own sake rather than for practical considerations. There are, however, certain callings and professions for which a training in a college like this admirably prepares the student. In the first place, it is the ideal training for a business man who does not expect to enter upon work of a technical character. Students who select their major subject in the department of Economics and group around this department courses in English, history, languages, and sciences, get an ideal training for a business career. In the second place, in the College of Arts and Sciences a student may so arrange his curriculum as to save a year's work in many of our professional schools. A collegiate degree is com- ing more and more to be demanded for admission to schools of medicine, law, and theology. Students who have taken a well rounded curriculum of studies in a collegiate institution and have supplemented this with a special course in their chosen subject are vastly better fitted for their profession than are those who have omitted the college training. In the third place, the College of Arts and Sciences, especially through its depart- ment of Education, prepares students for teaching and for the position of superintendent of schools. The call for well trained 12 COLLEGE OF ARTS AND SCIENCES teachers is increasing from year to year and the University could place many more teachers than it has available for posi- tions. It is hoped that students who are looking for an oppor- tunity to train themselves for teaching will give careful con- sideration to the opportunities afforded by the University of Maine. Again, the College of Arts and Sciences has arranged its courses with a view of meeting the needs of women students. On its faculty are two women, one holding the title of pro- fessor and the other of assistant professor. It is, however, a primary aim of a college like this to impress upon its students the desirability of obtaining an education for its own sake without regard to the relation it may have to their subsequent work, or to the pecuniary advantages which it may bring. In recent years, this aspect of education has in some quarters been seriously neglected. The over emphasis of voca- tional training has given rise to the feeling that a college course must be tested by its ability to train students for specific life work. On the other hand, the intrinsic value of an education is the best argument in its favor. The ability to appreciate what- ever is good and beautiful and true in the world around us may be suggested as a definition of culture. Side by side with the power of appreciation comes the benefit of the mental train- ing which one obtains in a college like this. That student, then, may be considered educated who has secured such an intellec- tual equipment as will enable him to do his share in solving the problems with which he has to deal, and to get true pleasure from the environments of nature and art with which he is sur- rounded. From this point of view, many subjects in the col- lege curricula which do net immediately fit the student to earn a livelihood are the subjects for which he will be most grateful in after life. HISTORICAL SKETCH The University of Maine owes its existence to an act of Congress, approved July 2, 1862, which provided for instruc- tion in "such branches of learning as are related to agriculture and the mechanic arts," and in military tactics, "without exclud- ing other scientific and classical studies." HISTORICAL SKETCH 1 3 The Legislature of Maine accepted the provisions of the act of Congress in a resolve approved March 25, 1863, and estab- lished a Board of Trustees to act for the State in the manage- ment of the affairs of the institution it created in an act ap- proved February 25, 1865. This act, after providing for in- struction in "such branches of learning as are related to agri- culture and the mechanic arts," and in military tactics, further directed that "Such other studies are to be taught, within the limitations of the act of Congress, as the facilities of the col- lege and the periods of instruction will permit /' The trustees and faculty of the institution, after its open- ing in 1868, in order to carry out the purposes of Congress and the directions of the State Legislature as fully as was pos- sible at that time, outlined four curricula, — Agriculture, Civil Engineering, Mechanical Engineering, and Elective. The name of the last was changed in 1876 to Science and Literature, as better representing its scope and purpose, and the College of Arts and Sciences is the result of its gradual development. The first class to graduate from the institution numbered six, of whom two completed the Elective curriculum, and from that time to the present a fair proportion of the students have pursued lines of work that fall within the sphere of that divis- ion of the University now designated as the College of Arts and Sciences. The income of the institution was materially increased by an act of Congress, approved August 30, 1890, which made possible a decided improvement in its facilities for instruction. This was followed by a rapid increase in the student body and a demand from it for new departments of instruction and the addition of new courses to those already existing. The name of the Science and Literature curriculum was changed in 1893 to Scientific, and at the same time a variant called the Preparatory Medical was outlined. A Latin Scien- tific curriculum was arranged in 1896. The development of the general work of the institution brought about a controversy in the State Legislature of 1897 over the policy it should follow. This resulted in the change of name from "State College of Agriculture and the Mechanic Arts" to the University of Maine, and the broadening of the scope and the raising of the standard of the institution. The same Legislature made more liberal provision for support of 3 < C w w HISTORICAL SKETCH 15 the University than had previously been accorded it and ex- tended this over a period of years. The change of name and more liberal support by the State were followed by a continued increase in the student body and further demands from it for additional courses and departments, for which the establish- ment, in 1899, of the Classical curriculum was designed to pro- vide. The name "Elective" was inaccurate in that the curriculum was really a prescribed one. The principle of prescribed cur- ricula was continued until 1902, when the major system was adopted. Under this, each student selected one department in which he pursued courses amounting to not less than five hours a week for three or four years ; the remainder of his work was elected, subject to the approval of the head of the department in which he had chosen his major. This system continued until the general revision of the requirements for admission and graduation which is described in this bulletin was adopted in 1911. Graduates of the Elective, Science and Literature, Scientific, and Preparatory Medical curricula received the degree of B. S. ; graduates of the Latin-Scientific curriculum that of B. Ph., and those of the Classical curriculum that of B. A. The Latin- Scientific curriculum was discontinued in 1903, when the re- quirements for the Classical curriculum were modified by sub- stituting one ancient language for the two previously demanded. The names Classical, Scientific, and Preparatory Medical were definitely discontinued in 1906, as there was no occasion for them under the major system. The degree of B. S. was discontinued in the College of Arts and Sciences after 1909, when the University of Maine adopted the policy already in vogue in many leading state universities, as well as in other prominent institutions, by which the degree is granted only to those who complete a specialized technical training, as in the Colleges of Agriculture and Technology, while the B. A. degree is granted to all who complete the gen- eral requirements in the College of Arts and Sciences. Women have been admitted to the University, by direction of the State Legislature, since 1872, thus making its policy con- form to that of similar institutions in other states. Practically all the women who came to the University up to the outlining 1 6 COLLEGE OF ARTS AND SCIENCES of the Domestic Science curriculum in the College of Agri- culture, in 1909, have followed the lines of work carried on in the College of Arts and Sciences, as a considerable majority of them still do. During the college year 1911-12 they con- stitute about eight per cent, of its undergraduate membership. The facilities for instruction in the College of Arts and Sci- ences are equal to those provided in the other colleges of the University. Historical Outline oe the Various Departments now Included in the College oe Arts and Sciences The date appearing after the name of the department indi- cates the year in which it zvas organised. Biological Chemistry, 1895. — Instruction given by mem- bers of the Experiment Station staff, 1895-97; in the Depart- ment of Chemistry, 1897-1907; since 1907 the department has been combined with agricultural chemistry. Biology, 1900. — (Comprises Botany and Zoology.) Instruc- tion given in Departments of Botany and Horticulture, 1870-72, Natural History, 1872- 1900. Additional courses are given in the College of Agriculture. Chemistry, 1869. Economics and Sociology, 1906.— Instruction given in De- partments of English Literature and Mental and Moral Science, 1871-79, Modern Languages and Military Science, 1879-82, Modern Languages, Logic, and Political Economy,. 1882-91, History, Logic, and Civics, 1891-98, Political Economy and History, 1898- 1902, Civics and Constitutional Law, 1902-06. Education, 1906. — Instruction given in Department of Phil- osophy, 1 899- 1 906. English, 1895. — Instruction given in Departments of Mathe- matics and Physics, 1868-71, English Literature and Mental and Moral Philosophy, 1871-79, Modern Languages and Mili- tary Science, 1879-82, Modern Languages, Logic, and Political Economy, 1882-91, Rhetoric and Modern Languages, 1891-95. German, 1903. — Instruction given by special instructor, 1870-72; in the Departments of Chemistry, 1872-73, Modern HISTORICAL OUTLINE OF DEPARTMENTS IJ Languages and Mechanics, 1873-76, Modern Languages and Military Science, 1876-82, Modern Languages, Logic, and Political Economy, 1882-91, Rhetoric and Modern Languages, 1891-95, Modern Languages, 1 895-1903. Greek, 1899. — Instruction given in Department of Latin, 1898-99. Name changed to Greek and Classical Archaeology, 1909. History, 1902. — Instruction given in Departments of English Literature and Mental and Moral Science, 1871-79, Modern Languages and Military Science, 1879-82, Modern Languages, Logic, and Political Economy, 1882-91, History, Logic, and Civics, 1891-98, Political Economy and History, 1898-1902. Additional courses are given in the Departments of Greek and Classical Archaeology and Latin. Latin, 1899. — Instruction given by an instructor in German and Latin, 1895-96, and in Latin and French, 1896-99. Mathematics and Astronomy, 1890. — Instruction given in Department of Mathematics and Physics, 1868-79, D Y members of the engineering faculty, 1879-87, in Department of Mathe- matics and Drawing, 1887-90. Additional courses are given in Department of Physics and College of Technology. Philosophy, 189,8. — Instruction given in Departments of English Literature and Mental and Moral Science, 1871-79, Physics and Mental and Moral Science, 1879-91, Mental and Moral Science, 1891-93, Modern Languages, Logic, and Politi- cal Economy, 1882-91, History, Logic, and Civics, 1891-98, Physics, 1891. — Instruction given in Departments of Mathe- matics and Physics, 1868-79, Physics and Mental and Moral Science, 1879-91. Romance Languages, 1903. — See German. ORGANIZATIONS There are many organizations among the students and faculty in the University, some of which are designed to extend the work of the class room, while others are social or religious. Only those which particularly concern the College of Arts and Sciences are named here. 1 8 COLLEGE OF ARTS AND SCIENCES DeuTSCHER VEREiN. — This society, organized in 1902, is composed of students and instructors. Its purpose is to stimulate interest in the various phases of German life and literature and afford practice in speaking German. The number of members is in practice limited. Meetings are held every three weeks dur- ing the academic year. CerclE Francais. — The object of the Cerde Francais of the University of Maine is to cultivate the spoken French language and arouse and stimulate an interest in the intellectual life of France among the students of the University. The work is car- ried on in French. Papers are read and discussed and addresses delivered by the members. Plays are studied with a view toward production in French. The Cercle Frangais meets once in two weeks. The Debating Society. — This is an organization carried on by the faculty of the English department. It aims to train stu- dents to prepare themselves for various lines of argumentation and to present their thoughts clearly and forcibly in public. Frequent debates between classes lend additional interest to this work. The Literati. — This is an organization in the College of Arts and Sciences for the promotion of the literary, dramatic, and musical interests of the University. The Masque. — The Dramatic Club aims to make a practical study of the acted drama, and to present each year before the public one or more representative plays. Membership is deter- mined by competitive trials to which all undergraduates are eligible. Phi Kappa Phi. — The Phi Kappa Phi is an honorary society. At the end of the spring semester of the junior year the five members of the class having the highest standing are elected members, and at the end of the fall semester of the senior year the five next highest in the collegiate department, and two from the College of Law, are added. The Young Men's Christian Association. — The Young Men's Christian Association, composed of men students, has for its object the promotion of Christian fellowship and active Christian work. Religious services are held in the Library, PUBLICATIONS 19 and classes for the study of the Bible are conducted on Sunday. This association is a branch of the national Young Men's Christian Association. The Young Women's Christian Association. — This is an organization for religious work composed of women students. Round Table. — The Round Table is an organization com- posed of the women of the faculty, the wives of the professors and instructors, and other women interested in the University. Its purpose is to promote the social welfare of the students. The Athletic Association. — This is an organization of the entire student body, whose object is to promote the various athletic interests of the University. PUBLICATIONS. The Annual Catalog of the University of Maine. — This contains descriptions of the courses of study, lists of the trustees, faculty, and students, and other information relating to the University. The Annual Report of the Trustees, President, and Treasurer, to the Governor and Council of the State. — The report of the trustees and president includes an account of the general affairs and interests of the University for the year, and the report of the Experiment Station. The report for the odd years usually contains a directory of graduates. The University of Maine Studies. — These are occasional publications containing reports of investigations or researches made by university officers or alumni. The Maine Bulletin. — This is a publication issued monthly •'luring the academic year, to give information to the alumni and the general public. Among recent issues are bulletins re- lating to the Classical Curriculum, the Curricula in .Agriculture, the Curriculum in Pharmacy, the College of Law, the College of Technology, the Curriculum in Forestry, the Courses in Education, the Summer Term, and Student Expenses. The Maine Campus. — This is a journal published weekly during the academic year by an association of the students. 20 college: of arts and sciences Thk Prism. — The Prism is an illustrated annual, published by the junior class. Several University publications of a technical nature are not included in the above list. SCHOLARSHIPS AND PRIZES The Kidder Scholarship, thirty dollars, was endowed by Frank E. Kidder, Ph. D., Denver, Colorado, a graduate of the University of the class of 1879, and is awarded to a member of the junior class to be selected by the president and the faculty. Western Alumni Association Scholarship. — Tuition for the sophomore year is awarded that student taking a regular course whose deportment is satisfactory and who makes good progress in his studies during his freshman year. The Junior Exhibition Prize, fifteen dollars, is awarded to that member of the junior class who presents the best oration at the junior exhibition. In the award of this prize, both the com- position and the delivery of the oration will be considered. The Sophomore Declamation Prize, fifteen dollars, for excellence in elocution, is awarded to the best speaker in the sophomore class. The Walter BalEntine Prize, fifteen dollars, the gift of Whitman H. Jordan, Sc. D., IX. D., Geneva, N. Y., a graduate of the University, of the class of 1875, is awarded to that mem- ber cf the junior class who excels in biological chemistry. The Holt Prizes, the gift of Erastus Eugene Holt, A. M., M. D., LL. D., of Portland, are given to the three students of the senior class who show the greatest improvement in their rating. The rating will be determined from deductions made from the gymnasium and class records of the students at the beginning and end of their college course by the mathematical formula for the normal earning ability of the body, devised by Dr. Holt. The New York Alumni Association Scholarship, thirty dollars, is awarded upon conditions to be determined by the Board of Trustees. r 22 COLLEGE OF ARTS AND SCIENCES The L. C. Batsman Prize, five dollars, is awarded to the student who shall write the best newspaper article of one col- umn length. The Fraternity Scholarship Cup, presented to the University, by the 1910 Senior Skull Society, is awarded at Commencement to that fraternity having the highest standing in scholarship for the preceding calendar year. The cup is to be awarded for eleven years, 1910 to 1920, inclusive. The fra- ternity to which this cup is awarded the greatest number of times is to be the permanent owner of the cup. The Wingard Cup, the gift of Edgar R. Wingard is awarded to that student who has won his "M" in athletics, and who has made the greatest improvement in his studies. The Class op 1908 Commencement Cup. — This is awarded each year to the class having the largest percentage of its membership back for Commencement. Father Harrington Prize, twenty dollars. — Rev. John M. Harrington, pastor of St. Mary's Church, Orono, has estab- lished an annual prize to be given to that student who writes the best essay upon modern literature. It may .treat of German, English, French, Spanish, or Italian literature. The essay may be limited to any one of these literatures or to a comparative study of any number of them. This is open to any student in the University. STUDENT EXPENSES An estimate of the necessary annual expenses of a student is made in the following table. It is made up for men students who room in Oak Hall or Hannibal Hamlin Hall and board at the Commons. The necessary expenses of other students are sometimes lower, but usually slightly higher. In all cases an allowance must be made for personal incidental expenses. Annual Expenses for Students from Maine It should be noticed that the items of clothing, travel, vaca- tion, society, and personal expenses are not included in the table. These vary according to individual tastes and habits. Tuition $30 00 Registration fee and incidentals 30 00 Laboratory fees 10 00 — 25 00 Text books, about : 5 °° Board, 36 weeks at $3.50 126 00 Heat and light for half room and general care of dormitory 36 00 — 45 00 Total $247 00-271 00 For students from outside the state the tuition is $40.00 a year and the registration and incidental fees are $30.00 a year, making a total of $70.00 a year. The registration fee of $5.00 must be paid at the beginning of each semester before the student enters any classes. A fee of $2.00 is charged for any special examination. The incidental fee is $10.00 a semester, or $20.00 a year, and covers heat and light for public buildings, reading-room charges, care of public rooms, and miscellaneous expenses. A student obliged to leave the University within two weeks after the beginning of the semester may have the foregoing amounts refunded with the exception of the registration fee. A 24 COLLEGE OE ARTS AND SCIENCES .student leaving within the first half of the semester receives a rebate of one-half the incidental expenses, and one-half of the tuition. No ether rebate is made. The cost of text-books will average about $15.00 a year for the course. These may be bought at the university store. The expense may be decreased by buying second-hand books. Students in the laboratories and shops pay certain charges to cover the cost of materials and maintenance. These charges are as follows: bacteriology, per course, $3.00; biology, per course, $2.00 to $3.00; chemistry, per semester, about $3.00; physics,, per course, $2.50 to $3.50. The largest item of expense is board. At the Commons, the university boarding house, the price is $3.50 a week. Board may be obtained in clubs or private families at prices ranging from $3.50 to $4.50 a week. The charge for rooms in Oak Hall is eighty-five cents a week for each student, when two occupy a room. This pays for heat and light, and for the lighting and care of the halls, public rooms, dormitory, and for the laundry of sheets, pillow cases, and three towels. Students in Oak Hall supply their own furniture with the exception of a cot bed. Applicants for rooms in Oak Hall or Mt. Vernon House should make early application to the Sec- retary, as the accommodations are limited. Students are re- quired to furnish three sheets and two pillow cases in addition to other bedding, and six towels. All students who reserve rooms in either dormitory will be required to make a deposit of $5.00 before August first. In Hannibal Hamlin Hall the prices of rooms are as follows : Suite (3 rooms) No. 102, 104, no, 112, 202, 204, 210, 212, 302, 304, 310, 312, four students in a suite, $1.25 per week per stu- dent. Suite (3 rooms) No. 101, 103, 109, in, 201, 203, 209, 211, 301, 303, 309, 311, 401, 402, 403, 404, 409, 411, 412, four students in a suite, $1.00 per student. Room (single) No. 206, 208, 306, 308, two students in a room, $1.25 per student. Room (single) No. 205, 207, 305, 307, 405, 406, 407, 408, two students in a room, $1.00 per student. The University does not assume responsibility for furniture left by students in their rooms. Such furniture is left at the students' risk. ADMISSION 25 Furnished rooms, with light and heat, may be obtained in the village for $1.50 a week if occupied by one person, or $2.00 to $3.00 a week if occupied by two persons. Expenses in connection with athletics are met by voluntary subscriptions. The amount commonly subscribed is $10.00 a year. Women students who do not live at their own homes are re- quired to room and board at the Mt. Vernon House. All the rooms in this house are supplied with the larger articles of furniture. Six of' the ten rooms are corner rooms. For a room with board, heat, and light, and the laundry of sheets, pillow cases, and three towels per week, the charge is $85.00 a semes- ter for each student when two occupy one room. No discount is made for absence except for prolonged illness. A four story building in the village of Orono, known as the University Inn, provides board and rooms for a number of students. Students are required to keep a sufficient deposit with the Treasurer to cover the bills of one semester. Students living in university domitories must make a semester deposit of $85.00, in addition to the deposit required for other semester charges. This deposit must be made in full before a student is permitted to register and attend classes. No student will be allowed to graduate who is in debt to the treasury. REQUIREMENTS FOR ADMISSION Certificates for admission to the freshman class without ex- amination are accepted only from graduates of schools ap- proved by the New England College Entrance Certificate Board (except in the case of schools outside of New England ). A list of approved schools will be sent upon application. The certifi- cates will not be accepted for non-graduates except in ex- traordinary cases, and then only provided the candidate is ex- pressly recommended for admission by the principal of the school from which he comes. Certificates must be made out on blanks furnished by the University. Certificates from schools approved by the New England Col- lege Entrance Certificate Board will lie accepted at any of the institutions co-operating to maintain it. Any superintendent or 26 college: of arts and sciences principal desiring to have a school under his charge placed upon the approved list should apply before April ist to the Sec- retary of the Board, Professor Nathaniel F. Davis, 159 Brown St., Providence, R. I. Entrance Requirements To gain admission to any of the curricula leading to the degree of Bachelor of Arts, 28 points must be offered by the candidates, according to the following schedules (to count 2 points, a subject must be pursued for one school year, with five recitation periods, of at least 45 minutes each, a week). For the Bachelor oe Arts Curricula Required Subjects Foieign languages 8 points English 6 History 2 Mathematics 5 " Optional Subjects (/ Points to be Chosen) ( Not less than four points of any one foreign language will be accepted.) Each year of Greek counts 2 points " " Latin " 2 " " " French " 2 " German " 2 " Advanced Algebra " 1 point Trigonometry " 1 Chemistry (including ncte-book) 2 points Physics (including note-book) " 2 Biology (including note-book) " 2 Solid Geometry " 1 point Roman History " 1 Greek History " 1 . " - English History ■ ■ " 1 American History and Civil Government " 1 The requirement in History must include either a year of Gieek and Roman History, a year of English and American History, or a year of American History and Civil Government. REQUIREMENTS FOR GRADUATION 2*] A choice will be allowed between the last half year of algebra and solid geometry for those who do not expect to continue mathematics in college. REQUIREMENTS FOR GRADUATION The work in the College of Arts and Sciences leads to the degree of Bachelor of Arts (B. A.). The curriculum demands a 25 credit course and is regularly completed in four years ; but a student of exceptional preparation and application may complete the requirements in three years. Students fitting themselves for professional or technical schools are often en- couraged to do this, but prospective teachers are advised to spend four years on their college course. No outline of the curricula in the College of Arts and Sci- ences is given in this bulletin or the catalog, but students may have such an outline presented to them by applying to the professor in charge of the department in which they are inter- ested. Groups of studies may be made up which would be desir- able for students intending to prepare for teaching, or to enter upon the study of law, medicine, or theology. To meet the needs of students desiring a year of college work for admission to a medical school, a schedule of subjects has been outlined. These include: Biology 1; Chemistry 1, 2, 3, 4; English 4, 5; French or German 3a, 3b; Military Science 1. The courses offered in this College are divided into three groups as follows : 1. The: Language Group. — This is composed of courses in language and literature, including all the courses offered in the departments of English, German, and Romance Languages, and such courses offered by the departments of Greek and Latin as deal with the Greek and Latin languages and literatures, or presume some knowledge of these languages. 2. The Science and Mathematics Group. — This is com- posed of the courses offered in mathematics and the biological and physical sciences, including all the courses offered by the departments of mathematics, biology, chemistry, biological chemistry, and physics. 28 COLLEGE OE ARTS AND SCIENCES 3. The Social Science Group. — This is composed of the courses offere.l in the departments of history, economics and sociology, philosophy, education, and bibliography ; and the courses in history, archaeology, fine arts, and biblical literature offered in other departments and not included in the first group. Every candidate for the Bachelor of Arts degree is required to complete the following amount of work in college: (a) eight hours prescribed in English; (b) ten or sixteen hours electe .1 in group 1, of which six or ten hours must be in foreign lan- guage. ( c ) ten hours elected in group 2. ( d ) ten hours elected in group 3. (e) military science and tactics, two years, three hours a week. ( f ) physical training, one year, two hours a week. A student who enters college with a minimum of eight points credit in foreign language shall be required to elect six- teen hours in group 1, of which at least ten hours shall be in foreign language. A student who enters with more than the minimum of eight points credit shall be required to elect at least ten hours in group 1, of which at least six hours shall be in foreign language. THE MASTER'S DEGREE A candidate for the degree of Master of Arts must have received the corresponding bachelor's degree from this institu- tion or one granting a fully equivalent degree. At least one year must elapse between the conferring of the bachelor's and the master's degrees. No work done before the conferring of the bachelor's degree may be counted towards the master's degree. The candidate shall devote at least one year to graduate resi- dent study and shall complete work of the equivalent of six credits or fifteen hours per week throughout a college year. The course of study shall be submitted to and approved by the committee on advanced degrees. The course of study shall consist of work in one major de- partment or subject in which the candidate has already pursued undergraduate study for at least two years, and work in not more than two minor subjects which bears a distinct relation to the general plan or purpose of his major subject. 30 COLLEGE OF ARTS AND SCIENCES At least three-fifths of the work must be done in the major subject. All of the work must be of advanced grade and must be tested by examinations which the candidate must pass with distinction. The candidate shall prepare as a part of his course of study a satisfactory thesis on some topic connected with his major subject which may count for not more than three of the re- quired fifteen hours. THE DEPARTMENTS Biological Chemistry and Geology In nearly every problem which confronts the student of organic nature, chemistry plays an essential part. In fact, life itself implies metabolism and is maintained only by a nicely adjusted balance between the synthetic and analytic processes taking place in every living cell. It is necessary, therefore, that the student who concerns himself in any but the most superficial manner with biological subjects should acquaint him- self as far as possible with the chemical processes involved. Some of the most striking of the recent achievements of medi- cine have been reached through chemical research. The theory of toxins and antitoxins and its application in serum-therapy rests on a chemical basis. Agriculture is indebted in an equal degree to chemistry, and the long accepted theory that the fer- tility of the soil consists chiefly in the abundance of plant food present is rapidly giving way to the conviction that the problem is not purely chemical, but biochemical, involving reciprocal relations between the growing crops and the countless micro- organisms in the soil. Biological chemistry is the chemistry of plant and animal life. Beginning with the sources from which the plant draws its nourishment, it traces the cycle of each element concerned in life processes from the air and soil, through the plant and' animal, back to the soil and air. It includes the composition of vegetable and animal products, plant and animal foods, the chemistry of digestion and assimilation, secretion and excretion, and general metabolism. DEPARTMENTS 3 1 Two courses are offered in this study. In the first, the sub- ject is presented in the form of lectures. The second is a lab- oratory course, following that already outlined, but designed to give the student a more intimate knowledge of the materials and processes already studied in the classroom. Especial at- tention is given to those organic products which are used as foods, their relative value as such, and their behavior toward the digestive enzymes. In the study of animal tissues, fresh mate- rial is supplied as far as possible. Geology is taught only in its dynamical, structural, and phy- siographical aspects, including a study of the forces through the operation of which the earth has arrived at its present con- dition ; the materials of which the earth's crust is composed, together with their arrangement; and an inquiry into the history of the present features of the earth's surface. For this work there is available a good collection of rock-forming minerals ; a microscope and a collection of over two hundred thin sections of rocks and minerals; a stereopticon and several hundred slides ; and a series of typical rocks with the corresponding residual soils. Further facilities are offered by the mineralogi- cal and geological museum in Coburn Hall, to which the stu- dent has at all times ready access. Biology This department occupies about half of Coburn Hall, which affords space for the Natural History Museum as well as the laboratories, lecture room, and offices of the department. Two large rooms are exclusively devoted to the Museum, which in- cludes several groups of native animals such as deer, raccoons, and partridges, as well as the classified collections of animals and plants. Besides three general laboratories there is a special one for work in animal and plant physiology, situated within easy reach of the biological greenhouse. The department is provided with various charts and models for illustrative pur- poses, and has access to a collection of over one thousand lan- tern slides which are rendered available by a good projection lantern. It is in addition well equipped with microscopes, hav- ing nearly fifty first-class instruments. Biology — the science of life — deals with facts of so funda- mental a kind that it is regarded as a necessary foundation for $2 COLLEGE OF ARTS AND SCIENCES work in education, sociology, and psychology, as well as agri- culture and forestry, and may be considered an essential feature of a liberal education. The course in general biology (course i ) is the gateway to all the other courses offered by the department, and may be elected by students in the College of Arts and Sciences to fulfill the requirement in science and mathematics. It is designed to give by class-room and labora- tory work a training in the broad features of structure and function in animal and plant life, and includes discussion of fundamental topics, such as elovution, and practical subjects, such as bacteria, parasitic worms, and human physiology. This course may be followed by the more advanced work in botany and zoology, in either of which branches a student may spe- cialize. If botany is selected, the courses should be taken in the following order: plant histology (To), plant physiology (ii), plant ecology (15), heredity or principles of breed- ing (18), advanced botany (12); and the courses in forest botany (17) and plant pathology (16) may be elected by others than forestry students. On the zoological side the courses naturally follow in about the following sequence: ver- tebrate zoology (2), animal histology (3), embryology (4), heredity or principles of breeding (18), entomology (8), physiology (5), advanced zoology (7). The last named course and that in advanced botany consist of work specially suited to the needs of the individual student, who may be look- ing forward to medicine, teaching, Experiment Station work, or ether occupations for which biology is a preparation. Chemistry The department of Chemistry is housed in Fernald Hall. The laboratory for advanced work is on the main floor of the building and here are also two offices of the department, a lec- ture room, and balance room. The second floor is largely given over to freshman work, the main lecture room being also on this floor. The third floor is occupied by the classes in qualita- tive analysis, organic laboratory, and mineralogy. In the base- ment are stock rooms and special laboratories for assaying, analysis of water, gas, and fuel, organic analysis, and physical chemistry. Here are located the stills for the preparation of pure water and absolute alcohol. DEPARTMENTS 33 The departmental library is located on the main floor. The books used less often and all except a few of the journals are kept at the university library. The collection has recently been made more valuable by the purchase of complete sets of the Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft and of Meyer's Jahrbuch der Chemie. The well equipped library of the Maine Experiment Station is also accessible. A good ref- erence library is an invaluable asset in conducting chemical study properly and it is the aim of the department to make this as complete as it can. The student is encouraged in the habit of reference reading, especially in the German and French jour- nals. A reading knowledge of these languages, particularly German, is an essential part of a chemist's education. It may be mentioned here that those who have not studied German before entrance take a course in beginning German in the fresh- man year and follow it in the sophomore year by a short course in scientific German. In the hall of the first floor of the building is a series of cases exhibiting about a thousand of the rarer preparations, half of which have been made by former students, a pleasant reminder of those who have gone out and an inspiration to those who come. This museum enables the department to keep on hand some of the rarer materials for occasional use, besides being convenient for lecture work. The department has also a large collection of dye-stuffs and of products of the chemical indus- tries, valuable for purposes of instruction. The equipment of the laboratory, particularly for physical and analytical chemistry, has lately been much improved by the addition of new apparatus, such as a high grade Schmidt and Hantsch three field polariscope, Pulfrich refractometer, Zeiss dipping refractometer, combustion furnaces, etc. Attention is called to the use made of modern electrical laboratory devices in analytical chemistry. It is desired to give the student a familiarity with the use of electrical furnaces, drying ovens, thermostats, and electrical devices in general. Of particular interest are two combustion furnaces, one a modern Heraeus electrical furnace, the other for combustions by the Dennstedt catalytic or platinum contact method. The aim of the work of the department is to give the student a broad and firm foundation in the knowledge of the principles 34 COLLEGE OF ARTS AND SCIENCES of chemistry and to fix these thoroughly in his mind by a rela- tively large amount of laboratory practice. In this way it is hoped not only to give to the student the cultural training that lies in a subject touching life at so many points as chemistry, but also to develop as far as possible the more immediate vir- tues of neatness and precision in work, of careful observa- tion, and of combining the work of the hand with that of the brain. It is only those who handle the raw materials and build up with them who can ever really comprehend the struc- ture. Students majoring in this department have used the preparation so obtained for teaching, study of medicine, busi- ness, work in experiment stations, or have become chemists in manufacturing plants, etc. No subject has a wider range of usefulness than chemistry and in no other is the expansion more rapid or the demand for qualified men and women so great. The work of the department is begun by a class-room course in general chemistry, supplemented by considerable laboratory work, extending through the freshman year. In the second year is given a course in qualitative analysis followed by a be- ginning course in quantitative analysis, giving an idea of the fundamental operations of both volumetric and gravimetric analysis. In the last semester of the second year is given an elementary course in organic chemistry, with class-room and laboratory practice. The third year the student takes a course of lectures throughout the year in the fundamentals of physical chemistry, this being supplemented in the spring semester by a laboratory course giving training in molecular weight deter- minations by the various methods, in the use of such instru- ments as the polariscope, refractometer, conductivity apparatus, etc. These courses are the foundation of the training in chem- istry. The choice of further courses depends on the student's preference and on the work in which he expects to be engaged after leaving the University. Advanced courses in analytical, organic, physical, industrial, metallurgical, and biological chem- istry are among those open to his selection. A complete list of these courses is printed in the university catalog. The work is thus seen to be so planned as to give him his fundamental knowledge in so far as possible in the first three years of his course and to leave to a part of the third and much of the DKPARTMKNTS 35 fourth a considerable freedom of choice of subjects and to allow time for his thesis work. This last, though not expected to be of entirely original character, is chosen so as to give the student an insight into the methods of chemical research and help him in applying his theoretical knowledge to actual prob- lems. Other subjects customarily taken by those majoring in Chemistry are German, mathematics, physics, English and United States history. This still leaves a considerable number of the hours required for graduation open to the free choice of the student. The department offers graduate courses to those who have received the Bachelor of Arts or Bachelor of Science degrees. The work taken is generally along lines in which the student is most interested, but he is required to round out as far as possible any deficiencies of training he may have had in his undergraduate work. One or two minors are customarily taken in physics, mathematics, biology, or education. Under special circumstances a minor may be taken in other departments. An important part of such a graduate course is the investigation, under careful direction, of some problem involving new work and giving training in research methods. Alpha Chi Sigma, a professional chemical fraternity, has a ■chapter at the University. The membership is elective, but such meetings of the society as are of general interest are open to other students and afford a means by which they keep up their personal interest in things chemical. Economics and Sociology The object of the department is to offer opportunity for the systematic and thorough study of certain branches of the social sciences. The gradation and arrangement of the courses are such as to meet the needs of students in the various stages of their progress, from the elementary to the more advanced. The scope of the work in this department is virtually enlarged by a number of related courses offered in the departments of lrstory and philosophy. The department constantly seeks to foster independence of thought and speech by students, on all economic, political, and social matters. While care is taken fairly to present all intel- ligent views on questions of broad social aims and policies, the COLLEGE OF ARTS AND SCIENCES purpose in all the courses is positive rather than negative, — is to form, if possible, a consensus as to the true principles under- lying social phenomena, and, in the applied phases of the sub- jects, to trace the lines and limits of sound social policy. The progressive and relative characteristics of society and the dynamic aspects of the study are strongly emphasized. Effort has been made, in the arrangement and scope of the courses, to enable students majoring in this department to cover a wide and varie 1 range of subjects. The university library is provided with a large and well selected collection of economic, political, and sociological literature, as well as com- plete sets of the most important magazines relating to the sub- jects, and as a government depository receives the numerous and increasingly important documents and bulletins issued by the national government. Consequertly the library affords good facilities for the prosecution of research and investigation in the social fields. Students who are candidates for the mas- ter's degree and who may desire to major in the work of this department will find courses arranged suited to their needs. The detailed requirements concerning the master's degree may be found in this bulletin. Education The department has a good working library of the best books, on educational subjects, over a hundred having been added dur- ing the present year. This library contains abundant material for collateral reading and provides a basis for investigation of special subjects. To provide further material for comparison and research the fol- lowing reports are being collected : i. The revised school laws of the various states and the reports of the state superintendents. 2. The school reports of the largest cities in the country and of representative smaller cities. 3. The reports of city schools of Maine and also, as far as- possible, of the towns in Maine. Students planning to take courses in education should first: tske a course in general biology and one in general psychology. The work in education may be taken to the best advantage in: > > f > HI > 3$ COLLEGE OF ARTS AND SCIENCES the junior and senior years of the college course, after the student has selected his major subject and has laid the founda- tion upon which to build his professional training. The courses in education are intended for three classes of students : ( I ) for those who have already had experience in teaching and who wish to fit themselves for the work of super- intendent or principal; (2) for those who plan to teach special subjects in secondary schools; (3) for the general student who may wish to know something about the subject of education or who studies it for its cultural value. The basal course for all is that in history of education and it should be the first course taken. It would seem advisable for the first class of students to major in Education, taking all the courses offered, together with work in psychology and in soci- ology. Such students should also choose one or two subjects taught in high schools for special study of methods. The course in educational administration and supervision is especial- ly designed to give the prospective superintendent an insight into problems of administration and supervision and a com- parative view of the educational problems and methods in other countries. Opportunity will be given for the investigation and study of special problems in school work. Those who are preparing to teach special subjects in second- ary schools should take the courses in history of education, in principles of education, and in methods, and that in child study if possible. These should give the student a knowledge of the present aims of education and of their origin, the fundamental principles underlying education, and the principles of method, both general and those applying to the particular subjects to be taught. The course in methods will, at present, also include work in class and school management. There will be oppor- tunities for observation of classes in the grammar grades of the Orono schools and also in the Orono high school 1 . For the general student the courses which seem most valua- ble are those in history of education, in principles of education, and in child study. Beginning with January, 19 13, a course in educational psy- chology will be offered. This will not be a duplication of any course now given in the department of philosophy, but will be concerned mainly with the application of psychology to edu- ]>K PART Ml- NTS 39 cation. It is intended as an introductory course to the study of education and may profitably be taken in the spring semes- ter of the sophomore year. Plans are now being made for a regular teachers' training course leading to a special certificate of some kind. This will include certain courses in education together with observation and practice in teaching. Through an arrangement with the superintending school committee opportunity for practice teach- ing will be offered in the local high school. This work will be continuous for a half year in certain subjects and will form a part of the regular work in education for which credit will be given. In connection with the practice teaching, a special course in methods will be offered and the work of the student will be supervised by the department of education and by the student's major instructor. An increasing number of our graduates are taking up the work of teaching. Frequent requests are coming in from boards of education, school committees, and superintendents, for the recommendation of graduates suitable for positions in high schools and academies. The same information is often desired by college and university authorities. In order to be in a better position to meet these demands there is in process of preparation a card catalog of the recent gradu- ates who are now teaching or who wish to teach and also of the prospective graduates, the members of the senior class who are planning to teach. It is the intention of those in charge of the work to collect all data regarding the academic and pro- fessional qualifications of these graduates which would be help- ful to the appointment committee in placing persons in suit- able positions. It is hoped that graduates wishing positions and school au- thorities in search of teachers will cooperate with the committee and make known their needs in order that the work of the com- mittee may be as helpful as possible. Encush This department occupies Estabrooke Hall. The building contains three large lecture rooms, two smaller ones, an office, three conference rooms, and a reference room. Two lecture rooms are wired for an electric lantern. The seminar room is 40 COLLEGE OE ARTS AND SCIENCES located in the library, and contains special collections of such reserved books as may be needed by major and graduate stu- dents. The library is also supplied with all the important Eng- lish dictionaries and reference books, the most needed works of English literature, and considerable critical apparatus. The Shakspere, the history of the drama, and the prose fiction collections are particularly large and fairly up-to-date. The library is also well provided with such statistics and books as are usually needed in courses in argumentation and debate. For purposes of illustration, the department has an electric lantern and about 300 slides ; also maps and charts. The courses afford instruction in practically all phases of English. For convenience, they are grouped under composition, public speaking, and language and literature. In composition five courses are offered. This subject may be taken for three years and a half. In the freshman year the course consists in oral and written composition, with emphasis upon correctness and clearness. In the sophomore year a choice is possible between a course in exposition and argumentation, and one that combines composition with the study of literature. The course not chosen in the sophomore year may be taken in the junior year. In the fall semester of the junior and senior years there is a course affording general practice in writing, and aiming to cultivate clearness, elegance, and individuality of style. It is possible to obtain three years' practice in newspaper writing, and at the same time earn considerable money by regu- larly reporting for various newspapers of the state. Through- out all the composition work the first endeavor of the depart- ment is to train the student so to relate his work to his other studies and to life as to be mentally alert and thus have some- thing worthy to say. It is also the aim to make all criticism as constructive and as sympathetic as possible. Conferences are held at regular intervals with the individual student. In public speaking, four courses are offered. This subject may be taken for three years. The first course is the usual work in elocution, including individual drill and the recitation of selections, mostly chosen from the great orators. There is a rigid course in debating; a half year course in the writing and delivery of speeches for various occasions; and a half year DEPARTMENTS 41 course in advanced reading. The aim throughout is to cultivate ease and effectiveness in oral expression. This work may be supplemented by participation in the debating societies of the freshman and sophomore classes, in public contests for prizes, and in the plays given annually by the student dramatic organ- izations. In language and literature, eighteen courses are offered for undergraduates and seven additional courses primarily for graduate students. The objects sought are chiefly as follows: a comprehensive knowledge of the historical development of English literature; an intimate and sympathetic acquaintance with the most important periods, types, and authors ; an under- standing of the fundamental principles of criticism ; and a knowledge of the history of the language. The aim through- out all the courses is to make the study of literature the highest intellectual pleasure and to furnish such critical methods as give independence of taste and judgment. The historical courses are both general and specific. In both, h wever, as much of the literature itself as is possible is read. The history of English literature covers the wnole field and serves as an introduction to all other courses. The history of prose fiction and of the drama are more intensive studies of special forms of literature. The study of an entire period completely in undergraduate work presents some practical difficulties. These are met, how- ever, by dividing the work into several courses, as, for instance, the 1 6th century is represented by courses in Shakspere, in Elizabethan prose, in Elizabethan poetry exclusive of the drama, and in Elizabethan drama exclusive of Shakspere. These when completed, as they may be in two years, give an introduction to this method of study and a fairly broad and intimate knowl- edge of the literature. There are three courses devoted to in- dividual authors, Shakspere, Tennyson, and Robert Brown- ing. Two courses take up the study of the Romantic movement in English poetry during the 18th and early 19th centuries. Two courses deal with the great prose writers of the 18th and 19th centuries. In connection with these courses, particularly the die which deals with the 19th century writers, much is made of the perception and appreciation of the qualities of modern prose style. 42 COLLEGE OE ARTS AND SCIENCES There are two courses in Old English or Anglo-Saxon, and two in Middle English. While these courses are primarily for linguistic study, they include literature of great importance and interest, such as the Beowulf and the Canterbury Tales, and the literary element is by no means ignored. The history of the lan- guage is studied and an insight into historical English grammar obtained. This work is indispensable for those expecting to teach English. The work for graduate students varies somewhat according to the needs of those in attendance. It is possible to begin Old English or to continue the undergraduate work in this subject and read considerable portions of the literature from the 7th to the nth centuries. Special studies of the periods I7oo-i77oand 1 830- 1900 are also offered. A course in poetics and prosody takes up the technical study of poetic forms and metres. The library is particularly well equipped for the historical study of the drama. At least one seminar course is required of all grad- uate students; the subject pursued varies from year to year. In general the department endeavors to familiarize the grad- uate student with the critical apparatus of the subject, to instill sonnet literary and scholastic methods, to encourage the inten- sive study of some one definitely limited subject, and to strengthen the weak points of the individual. German The German department offers courses to fit the needs of those who seek only the minimum requirement for practical use and those who desire to continue the study of the language and literature. The work is carried on by a corps of three' teachers and it is possible for the student to study translation, grammar, and composition, for four successive years; in addi- tion, lecture courses are offered on the history of the drama, the novel, and the general literature ; two courses in conversa- tion, one elementary and the other advanced, provide the neces- sary facilities for the acquisition of a speaking knowledge of German, while courses in Gothic, Old High German, and Mid- dle High German, form the basis of advanced work for a sec- ond degree. The department is reinforced by an unusually large 'and well selected library of German books, which includes many lexicons, g o o d in 44 COLLEGE OF ARTS AND SCIENCES histories of the literature, philological works, biographies, and a most valuable collection of the best writings of the best au- thors both in prose and poetry. The Deutscher Verein, an organization of the students, in which also members of the faculty have an active participation, supplements the work of the department and stimulates inter- est as well as growth in all matters that pertain to the particu- lar field of Germanics. Greek and Classical Archaeology It has been necessary for the departments of Greek in our New England colleges to adapt the work to the changing con- ditions that confront classical studies in our preparatory schools. The fact that the B. A. degree is granted without any require- ment in Greek has had the obvious result of throwing this study not only into the background but in a large number of our fit- ting schools in Maine entirely out of the course of study. As a result of this tendency to provide no opportunity for the study of Greek in the fitting schools, there has come about a pretty general plan of offering courses in preparatory Greek in college as on a par with beginning language work in other departments. Another step of perhaps more signficance for the real worth of Greek culture has been the introduction of courses in the study of Greek literature in English transla- tion with the idea of reaching the large class of students who have no desire for the language element but who recognize the permanent values in the masterpieces of Greek literature and who are willing to devote a semester or two to some of the great chapters in poetry, history, philosophy, and oratory. Allied with these changes in the one-time Greek course in our catalogs is another feature that is not of less importance for the broadening and humanizing influence and which is also within the scope and reach of students not acquainted with the Greek language, namely, the study of Greek fine arts. The study of the Greek mind and the aesthetic side of the ancient Greek, together with his quest for truth and beauty are funda- mentals in a liberal education, and the open book of Greek- architecture,, sculpture, and other arts, is surrounded by no mys- tery of a spoken tongue. DEPARTMENTS 45 The department of Greek at the University of Maine has developed along the lines above indicated and in the literature and fine arts the purpose is to correlate the civilization of the ancient Greeks with that of later European nations, thus mak- ing the courses largely comparative and consequently supple- mentary to much that the departments of Latin, history, and modern languages offer. The illustrative material in the form of lantern slides, pho- tographs, and prints numbers about 1500 reproductions for Greek subjects and the allied work in the history of architec- ture, painting, and sculpture of Europe is represented by some 1900 additional reproductions. The seminar room adjoining the commodious lecture room in the library contains this equip- ment as well as a full supply of wall maps. The stereopticon used jointly by the departments of Greek and Latin is located in the Latin room in Wingate Hall. History With the increasing appreciation of the value of a knowl- edge of history as a preparation for citizenship there is a marked tendency in the United States to emphasize the study of our own national history and the modern period of European nations. It is in accordance with this view of history that the courses have been planned and the more recent additions to the library have been made. The departmental library is well supplied for the courses offered and in addition to the books, etc., which are, primarily, of a historical character, the department has the use of other valuable material from the Colleges of Agriculture and Tech- nology for the study of social and industrial history. The instruction given is almost wholly of collegiate grade. Some graduate work leading to the master's degree is given each year. The equipment for advanced study along several special lines is excellent and these graduate courses are being made a special part of the work of the summer term. The undergraduate courses for students in this college fall into two groups. In the first are those of a general character to be taken as a basis for more advanced study or as supple- mentary to work done in other departments, and consist of 46 COLLEGK OF ARTS AND SCIENCES Greek history, given in the Greek department, Roman history,, given in the Latin department, mediaeval and modern history, English history, and United States history. The advanced courses meet the needs of those preparing for the teaching of history or for further advanced study and research. Latin The college takes up the work in Latin where the high school leaves off. Some facility is presumed in reading easy selec- tions and some knowledge of the general principles of grammar. The college courses of the freshman and sophomore years are planned to give the student a wider acquaintance with the best authors and with the distinctive periods of Latin literature, and also to continue the study of the language. With these ends in view the freshmen read Livy, Cicero, and Horace, as the best representatives of the best period of the literature, and review systematically the syntax of Latin with more regard to the rationale of grammar than the high school can offer. In the sophomore year the pre-Ciceronian and post-Augustan periods of the literature are studied through Terence and Plautus, and Tacitus, and a more advanced course in composi- tion and rhetoric is offered. The work of the two last years is adapted to students who select Latin as their major subject. Especial attention is given to the needs of those who intend to teach. The courses are arranged by topics, as philosophy, literature, satire, oratory, history, language, numismatics, etc., and are given in alternate years. This affords a wide range of election for the student. The university library has a good supply of classical periodi- cals and books, and buys from year to year the principal works of interest as they appear. The department has a good selec- tion of wall maps and some pictures. It also has access to a very representative collection of Roman coins of about 800 specimens. Mathematics and Astronomy All work in this department is elective in the College of Arts and Sciences. Freshmen offering solid geometry will usually DEPARTMENTS 47 take algebra and plane trigonometry (hiring the first semester; analytic geometry the second semester. The second year's work is a very thorough course in differential and integral calculus. For students not presenting solid geometry for admission there is a first year course comprising plane trigonometry, algebra, and solid geometry. This may be followed by a two hour course in analytic geometry and calculus during the second year; or students may, by taking both solid geometry and ana- lytic geometry, during the second semester of the first year, prepare for the full course in calculus of the second year. Other elective undergraduate courses are spherical trigonome- try, theory of equations, advanced plane and solid analytic geometry, advanced calculus, and differential equations. Courses in mechanics, surveying, descriptive geometry, least squares, and mathematical physics may also be elected from other departments. The undergraduate courses in astronomy are a half year three hour course in descriptive astronomy, and a similar course in practical astronomy. An advanced course in practical astronomy and one in the theory of orbits are given when called for. Courses will be given as they may be demanded in the theory of functions of a complex variable, theory of functions of a real variable, potential functions, and celestial mechanics. Sev- eral of the courses mentioned as undergraduate work may under certain conditions be taken as graduate courses. Ad- vanced courses in the departments of physics and mechanics are also open to candidates for the master's degree in mathe- matics. In addition to slated globes, simple models, and stereoscopic views for teaching elementary solid geometry, the department is supplied with a small but carefully selected set of cardboard, plaster, and thread models by Brill; also a celestial globe, stand- ard maps, a good collection of lantern slides, photographs, and drawings of celestial objects. The books in the mathematics and astronomy sections of the university library have been so selected as to cover the field of elementary mathematics, college mathematics, and the beginnings of graduate work. They in- clude the most available works upon the history and teaching of mathematics and of astronomy; also numerous popular treatises upon the latter subject. The valuable private mathe- 48 COLLEGE OF ARTS AND SCIENCES mat'.cal library of President Aley has been loaned to the library and is open to students. The astronomical observatory is ipped with an eight-inch Clark equatorial, a Bamberg com- bined transit instrument and zenith telescope, a Repsold ver- tical circle, theodolites, sextants, and chronometers. The department has in Alumni Hall an office and two large recitation rooms, exceptionally well supplied with blackboards. Classes not accommodated here meet in some one of the engi- neering buildings. Philosophy 1 he general purpose of the department of philosophy is to teach students to think. Of course every study — science, lan- guage, history, or other study — teaches the student to think in its particular field. But each of these particular studies, as likewise the thinking which we do in every day life, takes a great many things for granted without inquiring into them. Philosophy leads the student to inquire into these assumptions which are ordinarily taken for granted. Any subject is not thought out completely until it is thought into metaphysics. For the purpose of leading students to think, elaborate ap- paratus is not necessary. In the study of consciousness itself (psychology), in discovering how we acquire knowledge of the external world, how the mind is related to the body, and such matters, psychological apparatus is invaluable. But the elabor- ate apparatus can be used only by advanced students and in- vestigators. The department has about $400 worth of appa- ratus, which is sufficient for its present needs. An important part of the equipment in philosophy is the library. The department has an excellent beginning of a philosophical library, and is improving it every year by the addition of a number of the great philosophical works, both contemporary and historical. The library contains 400 volumes in philosophy alone (not including periodicals), 120 bound volumes of periodicals, and nine current periodicals. To this must be added hundreds of philosophical works' classed in other departments of the library. The private philosophical library of the head of the department contains two current periodicals and 120 volumes which are not duplicates of those m the uni- A Campus View 50 COLLEGE OE ARTS AND SCIENCES versity library and which are available for college use. The large and excellent library of the Bangor Theological Seminary which is generously thrown open to the public, is accessible. Even the library, however, is not the most important factor in philosophical training. The one essential is a body of keen young minds who come together with a good store of accumu- lated knowledge, with zeal and industry in acquiring new knowledge, with a readiness to study difficult books and to make careful observations of their own experiences, and with a spirit of democratic discussion and debate. The philosophical subjects which are thus learned and dis- cussed and debated, may be summed up under the following five heads : Psychology, or the study of consciousness in all its aspects — .sensation, intellect, emotion, instinct, will. This study was for- merly known as mental philosophy, and was at one time a rather abstract subject not very intimately and practically con- nected with daily life. But now psychology is taught as a natural science, the natural history of mind, and as such it is made practically useful to the business man, the lawyer, the physician, the teacher, the student, and indeed to everyone who thinks. Logic, or the study of correct reasoning. This deals both with abstract reasoning such as that of mathematics, and with con- crete reasoning such as that of physical science and practical life. Ethics, or moral philosophy. The study of ethics is not nec- essary to teach the student rules of conduct, for these he has generally learned already. The study of ethics is very neces- sary, however, to lead the student to think scientifically about such matters, and to prepare him to deal with the ethical con- troversies and new ideas (good and bad) which will surely be brought to him in later life. Metaphysics and Cosmology. As has been said before, no subject is thought to completion until it is thought into meta- physics. This study, in which one is led to think about the very nature of the universe, is the culmination of philosophy as it is of all thought. History and Philosophy. In this study the four others which have been mentioned are all brought together and illustrated DEPARTMENTS 5 1 in the very heart of human life. The lives of the great philoso- phers, from Aristotle (and his predecessors) down to the pres- ent day, are read, and their philosophies are studied in their ■connection with the historical conditions of humanity. Physics While much of the work in the department of Physics is de- signed to meet the needs of the general student, the courses may be so arranged as to give a broad training to one who wishes to do special work in this subject. If the student is intending to fit himself for a science teacher in a secondary school, he has choice of a large number of courses which bear directly upon this work. In Physics 4, which is a non-mathematical course, especial attention is paid to the historical and experimental aspects of the subject, and the whole field of general physics is briefly reviewed in one semester. Another course which is well adapted to meet the needs of teachers is Physics 3. Here the student is given an opportunity to perform the various qualita- tive experiments which are used in the class-room to illustrate the principles laid down in the text-book. For students who desire to take the more mathematical courses offered in the department, the work is arranged after the general courses of the first year, so that emphasis is placed upon advanced work in heat, light, and electricity. For the advanced work in me- chanics, opportunity is offered to students in the department of Mechanics and Drawing. In the laboratory, after the general course which all students in the department are expected to take, the work branches into special courses along the lines of optics, mechanics and heat, and electrical measurements. After these have been completed, the student may elect a more ad- vanced course in optics and in the spring semester of the senior year may undertake work which has the character of an origi- nal investigation or the repetition of an important investigation •already performed. The department is well equipped with apparatus, both for class room demonstrations and laboratory work. Each year new apparatus is added with the view of strengthening the vari- ous courses. In view of the fact that mechanics, electricity, 52 COLLEGE OF ARTS AND SCIENCES and heat arc further developed in other departments along more practical lines, the department of physics has selected optics as that branch of the work to which it gives especial attention. Each year a course in meteorology is given by the department,, in which students are taught the elementary principles of this science, and practice in making and interpreting weather maps is given. Two courses in mathematical physics are also offered : a course based upon Mellor's Higher Mathematics for students in Chemistry and Physics, and a course in the theory of least squares. These may be supplemented by the courses in ad- vanced mechanics offered in the department of Mechanics and Drawing and the courses in advanced mathematics offered in the department of Mathematics. The department of Physics occupies eleven rooms, including three large laboratories, a recitation room, work shop, photo- meter room, and a small laboratory for optics. The laboratories are equipped with direct and alternating currents, gas, and the necessary conveniences belonging to a laboratory. The depart- ment has a lantern for illustrative lectures, a well equipped library, and subscribes for the more important physical maga- zines. Romance Languages The department of Romance Languages offers instruction in French, Spanish, and Italian. There are six courses in French, each extending over one year; of these, three are designed primarily for the teaching of reading, pronunciation, grammar, composition, and rudiments of conversation. The books, both for class and collateral read- ing, are selected from among the masterpieces of French litera- ture. To students wishing to acquire skill and fluency in French conversation two courses are offered : the one, elementary, and the other, advanced. The salient features of the elementary course are rapid oral translation from English into French ; conversation based upon a text-book dealing systematically with daily life, the every-day realities, in France; and conversation based upon a text-book containing incidents relating to French' history and literature. In the advanced course, the translation from English into French is practically omitted, and the con- DEPARTMENTS 53 versation is based upon a text on the history of civilization and one on the history of literature in France, and on short stories by the best French writers. Only such students as are familiar with the elements of grammar, and are willing to do the work and subject themselves to the drill necessary for the acquisition of the correct and fluent usage of spoken French, are able to keep up with the standard set in these two courses. An introductory course in French literature is given, covering the modern epoch, special emphasis being laid upon the seven- teenth century literature. Extensive and systematic collateral reading is done by the class, and a report on each book that is read is required. More advanced courses in French literature are occasionally offered ; they deal with the literature of the eighteenth century, and with that of the nineteenth century. There are two courses in Spanish and one in Italian. The methods and aims are similar to those in the courses in the French language. Military Science and Tactics Military instruction is required by law. The department is in charge of an officer of the United States army, detailed by the President of the United States for this purpose. United States army rifles, ammunition, and accoutrements are fur- nished by the War Department. The course is intended to prepare students for the duties of company officers of volun- teers or militia. They are organized into a battalion of four companies, officered by cadets selected for character, soldierly bearing, and military efficiency. When in the performance of military duty, they are required to appear in uniform. The instruction is mostly practical and covers the school of the soldier, company, and battalion, in close and extended order, instruction in small arms firing, guard duty, field service regu- lations, and company administration. Military drill is required of men in the freshman and sophomore years, and is elective for juniors and seniors. 54 college of arts and sci^nc^s Physical Training Physical training is required of men in the freshman class two hours per week. Credit is given on the basis of three hours of physical training to one hour of recitation. All upper class- men may elect this work and receive credit. Students registered on athletic teams are excused from prescribed physical training, but no credit will be given for the athletic training unless the physical training is taken for the remainder of the year. Every student registering for an athletic team must pass a physical examination. I NDEX Page Admission 25 Athletic association 19 Astronomy 46 Biological chemistry 30 Biology 31 Business 11 Cercle Francais 18 Chemistry 32 Classical archaelogy 44 Debating society 18 Deutscher Verein 18 Dormitories 24 Economics 35 Education 36 English 39 Expenses 23 Faculty 3 Fraternities 18 French 52 Geology 30 German 42 Graduate work 27 Graduation 27 Greek 44 Historical sketch of the college 12 of departments 16 History 45 Introductory 11 Page Italian 52 Language group 52 Latin 46 Law 11 Literati 18 Masque 18 Mathematics 46 Medicine 30 Military science 53 Organizations 17 Philosophy 48 Physical training 54 Physics 51 Prizes 20 Publications 19 Requirements for admission 25 for graduation 27 Romance languages 52 Round Table 19 Science and math, group 27 Scholarships 20 Social sciences group 28 Sociology 35 Spanish 52 Theology 11 Y. M. C. A 18 Y. W. C. A 19 UNIVERSITY OF MAINE Established 1865 A public institution maintained by the State and the Nation College oe Arts and Sciences Major electives in Biology, Chemistry, Economics and Sociology, Education, English, German, Greek and Classical Archaeology, History, Latin, Mathematics and Astronomy, Philosophy, Physics, and Romance Lan- guages Graduate instruction, leading to the Master's degree, is offered by various departments College oe Agriculture Curricula in Agronomy, Animal Industry, Horticulture, Biology, Forestry, and Domestic Science The Extension Division offers instruction by correspond- ence and lectures College oe Technology Curricula in Chemical Engineering, Civil Engineering, Electrical Engineering, Mechanical Engineering, Chem- istry, and Pharmacy College oe Law (Bangor) Agricultural Experiment Station Summer Term of six weeks. See special Bulletin For Catalog or further information, address ROBERT J. ALEY President University of Maine Orono, Maine 0112 105657297