a PROCEEDINGS nire s ession Iwaukee, Wisconsin | 31-- April 1, 1970 ive Session cago, lilinois 77,1970 me 1 ILLINOIS CONFERENCE Pollution of Lake Michigan and Its Tributary Basin U. S. DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR @ FEDERAL WATER QUALITY ADMINISTRATION = he I 482 C742 1970 Wreck PROCEEDINGS, THIRD SESS FON Ur are CONFERENCE IN THE MATTER OF POLLUTION OF LAKE MICHIGAN AND ITS TRIBUTARY BASIN >: HELD IN MILWAUKEE, DEMCO THIRD SESSION OF THE CeOSNSESE Ri hens CE IN THE MATTER OF POLLUTION OF LAKE MICHIGAN ‘ ILLINOTS STATE WATER SURVEY LIGRARY COPY JUL 28 1997 AND ITS TRIBUTARY BASIN held in Milwaukee, Wisconsin Maye ers een Ordale lee 9/0 : LIBRARY — 3 WIinRmN STAT FOR ENVIRD: INSTITUTE j STATE OF tLis 309 WEST WASHINGTON STREEY ines 60606 eHicAsd, iL TRANSCRIPT OF PROCEEDINGS ¥ 7 WMA eee epee 4 tthe Yo aed FyuGu? QITauT Brave seareee: i] ised i ssPuiteit £2 TY A Rilke Fille aun ser aS HH 4% we St Digitized by the Internet Archive in 2021 with funding from University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign _httos://archive.org/details/thirdsessionofco01conf — | | | | | | | | | | | introduction Governor W. Knowles. heute FO Cente) 1 LV Le ei eistatererens cs). 6.6 Opening Statement - M. Stein... ie ilar 1 D e TABLE OF CONTENTS ‘ta GWAR Ae aoe oeeee A Pe ee ey AA De WMG ea Ae ee Hermes TT CilG) Loi) even et sicys ke G. Ler EET Us neielic dete te we Pees TOTO Lanse ike neal ore RO MD er Ol, eae) Loevals iegels re DRS = AS Oe ee Petes CLOT E OL @ iret erate tse Cel es SP eee Robb. OR O404 9 Oe @ oe, oe & 2. 6 Bee p Gr mete eh OS shale wae es ¥ a 8. 8 ae ae a ee | ° eoeeeeeeee Lee oe Sea oe ee ee ee ome) eeeee# e e LE ek} e e e eo °@ e ° eeoee##e#ee ee eoee e°@ e oO e2.¢ % @ 6 e@ ° eee ee ee e e - M. Seow Re pi, MEY ARs eA e°@ e e @ e oeee e@oeee eo @e,.0. @ ee ¢ ee oe ¢@ ee e eee @ e e ee ee ee @eeee ee eee eo, 6, © ¢ eee ee 365.0, 6. 6 ee e eoeee ° ee e ©, @, OF e 2.6 @.¢6 oeeee#eee#e@ oe @ e oeeee#ee#eee ee. 6 £6, 6 6 e e @eeee eee e e oo Ono atl | AGES 148 | | | PAGE shee <4 32 Reyer, ad © 58 igh OR Fe, 146 Nias: eer ee LO NP Aer ml hele Sit ate 174 ody. ee a ee ee ee ee ee ee | TABLE OF CONTENTS (Continued) | | PAGE 1 a Hee SohrauLnaBel oe Fe hh S&P t tasers See ccerecoue 174 J é Hive Weds Le SOND oH 00 ot ok oh oh oo oh Ot at att er alee ce ets cee cae 236 ee SCTE TIES oo oH ot oh ot ooh oh at at Hoh ahs? Pat etenetal oh eben at eh enel ete cneneterereieretensts OUZ-A KS TQ TCT 4+ 0% 0% 0% 0% 8 ot 08 oh ot ot ate of Mek et ehotercter ete ob ete 6 0 etareete fe cts ete (ss ins | M. BEV BOs ech tar telat tet ohetet eh obo oh ot etetetolototetetetet otavetetene cee erste fal ff ba W. Keo LsQGS-Olk ores et etctetotetetetetetotetototetet ot ctetet ct ot oletetet even etotstetetet ss 292 Mrs. Ie BOCES toh et ete letetetetet Mot sPet eter eM oteretetstetetetetetetctetatetetate ts ets Sule, Hs W. POGUON re*et%etetetetetetotete 6 ee 76 eoe0e7we#ues8se0e8ee0#e#eescee#so+oweteeeeee 388 MrBi.. Bree Liter SONS tCOrle tote te tote Netetet eters totetetenetetototetetototenctetere sete MD) J OC. Wearmhnnrescssreteretetetetetetatetetetetatetetetetetetetetstoteteteteteto tetera HAO P LEE. MALI rescetetetetetatetetetetetetetetatetetetetatatetetetote tote ofa weve emer Eg 5 Fe Be Frost ecccseseccccccescceccceeccccrcreeeseeses DOL Be eT ee ean 663 S UMMA LAs, Fo Mote Moe Mahe He Mahe Be Ms Mone to hate Me toate te tee Ve tote te tata te tete tetatetete terete 668 | | | | | | | | The Third Session of the Conference on the Matter of Pollution of Lake Michigan and its Tributary Bas lmeconvened #40.00 30.0 .bc lock. onMarch. «31... 107049 at the) Grand Ballroom, Pfister Hotel & Tower, Milwaukee, Wis- cons Im: | PRESIDING: | Mr. Murray Stein Assistant Commissioner for Enforcement Federal Water Pollution Control Administration, U.S. | Department of the Interior Washington, D. C. CONFEREES: Pranci sel < Mayo Regional Director, Great Lakes Region Federal Water Pollution Control Administration, U.S. Department of the Interior Griiscago,, Eieuwiiiyois Rito wochnerden, Alternate Deputy Regional Director, Great Lakes Region Federal Water Pollution Control Administration, U.S. Department of the Interior, Chicago,, Illinois Clarence W. Klassen Technical Secretary Tllinois Sanitary Water Board springii etd yibsiinois Blucher A. Poole Technical Secretary Indiana Stream Pollution Control Board Indianapolis, Indiana | | CONFEREES (Continued) : Ralph W. Purdy Executive Secretary Michigan Water Resources Commission Lansing, Michigan Thomas G. Frangos, Director Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources Madison, Wisconsin ATDES »T0 ,ABOVE: Jacob D... Dumed le Basin Director’, taxe Michigan ctasat Uli ice Federal Water Pollution Control Administration CHLCAPO Ss el Laitlods John A. Beale Deputy Secretary Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources Madison, Wisconsin Benn J. Leland Sanitary Engineer Illinois Sanitary Water Board CHiCa On mie iets Carlos Fetterolf Aquatic Biologist Michigan Water Resources Commission Lansing, Michigan Donald Mackie Assistant Secretary Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources Madison, Wisconsin Perry ih Miser Director of Bureau of Engineering Indiana State Board of Health Indianapolis, Indiana ere a toe ine pe et ll et Ss Ss ar AS sc ee a ag SOO ALSO PRESENT: Honorable Richard B. Ogilvie Governor of Illinois Springfield, Illinois Honorable Warren P. Knowles Governor of Wisconsin Madison, Wisconsin PARTICIPANTS: Marvin T. Beatty Professor, Soil Science Department University of Wisconsin Madd son, avs cons n Mrs’. ‘Lee’ Botts Opens Lands* Proyect Chace. | SEG oss Jone 0 Carn Chief, Environmental Research Bureau of Commercial Fisheries Ann Arbor, Michigan James C. Devitt State Senator Four-State Legislative Commission on Pollution of Lake Michigan Wisconsin Legislature Greenfield, Wisconsin Carlos 'Fettenols Aquatic Biologist Michigan Water Resources Commission Lansing, Michigan Thomas G. Frangos Director, Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources Madison, Wisconsin 37A PARTICIPANTS (Continued): Branco beakEos Chief Engineer, Water Resources Commission Michigan Department of Natural Resources Lansing, Michigan | Edward Jackson | Citizen | | | | | | i | | | | Milwaukee, Wisconsin | HiLleen is. sonns ton CavbcL Zea Wilmette, Tilinows Glarence sy wsebascen | PEGnN) Lieadinsacreca ry, Biblinols Ganroary Water Board DOr Ene ted oe sais cmas Lt. Commander Richard Knopf Management Department Naval Facilities Engineering Command Honorable Warren P. Knowles ! Governor of Wisconsin Madison, Wisconsin Ray D. Leary Chief Engineer & General Manager Milwaukee Metropolitan Sewer Commission Milwaukee, Wisconsin Kenneth Lehner Superintendent of Chemical Services Wisconsin Electric Power Company Milwaukee, Wisconsin Cunt. Cindhoim Assistant State Conservationist Soil Conservation Servircei— U.S. Department of Agriculture Madison, Wisconsin PARTICIPANTS (Continued): hYrancec. J .. Mayo Regional Director, Great Lakes Region Federal Water Pollution Control Administration | Department of the Interior Chicago ww i ListloLs Perry E.r.Millden Director,,of..Bureaun,of Engineering Indiana State Board of Health Indianapolis, Indiana Honoran le, Ra charda Bog Oc2 |vie stblace mol Ia trod's Sw eh Cals ell a Oss Car lvsaenrembemt.on sy (igr. Dim ect on [| Ovasesotiwatechnical. Programs Great, Lakes. Region Federal Water’ Pollution Control Administration | Depa cies v4 ool = tivcverilor | Cligecm Os be oes Heel W pnb OSS ON Commissioner ,¢Dene wiment of Envaronmental Control City of Chivcago Chivearyo «Tier nors deat Or OR sole lr. DineciLor an.OlLtice.of Research and Development, Great Lakes Region Federal Water Pollution Control Administration Department of the Interior Chicago, DPI Hols DI Oe oe og Tt OU Comprenensive,Basin.Planner Great Lakes Basin Commission Ann Arbor, Michigan | | Robert E. Schéitile Chief Sanitary Engineer Headguarnters; HMitth U. Sw. Army Portepneridan. Viinois ATTENDEES: John R. Aiholzer, Jr. Legislative Chairman Milwaukee Audubon Society 951 North 70 Street Wauwatosa, Wisc. 53213 Joe B. Alexander Sales Hydrite Chemical Co. 1237 West Bruce Street Milwaukee, Wisc. 53204 Raymond E. Anderson General Manager North Shore Sanitary District Dahringer Road Waukegan, I11. 60085 John J. Antlfinger Water Production Supervisor Milwaukee Water Works 725 West Howard Ave. Milwaukee, Wisc. Burton H. Atwood U.S. Dept. of Interior 2510 Dempster Street Des Plaines, I11. 60016 Vinton W. Bacon Professor of Civic Engineering University of Wisconsin - Milwaukee Milwaukee, Wisc. 53201 John A. Beale Deputy Secretary Wisconsin Dept. of Natural Resources Pi 0} Box 450 Madison, Wisc. Mrs. Benjamin S. Beall, III Water Chairman League of Women Voters 1057 Illinois Road Lake Forest, I11. 60045 Maurice F. Bender Analytical Chemist Industrial Bio-Test 1800 Frontage Road Northbrook, I11. 60062 Mrs. Richard Bentley League of Women Voters of Lake Forest 1421 Lake Road Lake Forest, I11. Harry V. Bierma Chairman Clean Streams Committee I11. Audubon Society 1017 Burlington Avenue Downers Grove, I11. 60515 R. M. Billings Director of Environmental Control Kimberly. Clark Corporation Neenah, Wisconsin 54956 Mrs. George W. Blossom, dr. Lake Forest, I11. Carolyn Blackwood 2909 South Mabbett Avenue Milwaukee, Wisc. 53207 Mrs. James Blake Glencoe League of Women Voters 281 Linden Avenue Glencoe, I11. 60022 Carl T. Blomgren Sanitary Engineer Illinois Sanitary Water Board 1919 West Taylor Street Chicago, fT. Mrs. Russell Bonynge, Jr. League of Women Voters - Lake Michigan 1120 Chestnut Wilmette, I11. 60091 PARTICIPANTS (Continued): Mrs. Fran Schnanig League of Women Voters Gliene ce yrel LMDReis Praucrvs fe pcorauinage } Direegror Bureau of Standards & Surveys Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources Madison, Wisconsin Colonel William G. Stewart Chiiteago District Engineer Unto. AcUVY Corpo Of Engineers Cha Gee ae tin Olas James C. Vaughn Enganeer, of Wacer Purification Department of Water & Sewers OLuyeol * Chrear'o Civearo, Ul nots John F. Wilson Dimvector Wisconsin Ecological Society Green Bay, Wisconsin CoPvone Mivance Ts" Wrrte, Jr. Detroit Oistra ce Breinesr U..S. Army -Corps ,of, Engineers Detroit, Michigan Mrs. Lee Botts Open Lands Project 53 West Jackson Chicago. Hil: R. J. Bowden Sanitary Engineer FWPCA, Lake Michigan Basin Office 1819 West Pershing Road Chicago, Ill. 60609 Kay Boyle League of Women Voters of Milwaukee 7303 West Georgia Milwaukee, Wisc. 53220 Stephen T. Boyle Press Secretary to the Governor State Capitol Madison, Wisc. D. H. Brandt Consumers Power Co. 1945 Parnall Road Jackson, Mich. Thomas Brochhausen WISN Radio News 759 North 19th Street Milwaukee, Wisc. A. W. Brockway Maukesha League of Women Voters Chairman, Water Conservation 425 North East Avenue Waukesha, Wisc. 53186 John R. Brough Director, Air & Water Control Inland Steel Co. 3210 Watling Street East Chicago, Ind. 46312 Wallace E. Burkee Mayor Kenosha, Wisc. William D. Calhoun Governmental Affairs Rep. Youngstown Sheet & Tube Co. East Chicago, Ind. John F. Carr Chief, Environmental Research Bureau of Commercial Fisheries P. 0. Box 640 Ann Arbor, Mich. 48107 Brian Cislak WISN News 759 North 19th Street Milwaukee, Wisc. Dennis Collins Representative-at-Large Grad. Resident Students Accoc. (IIT) 71 East 32nd Chicago, Il]. 60616 Enrico F. Conti Asst. to Manager for Environmental Activities U.S. Atomic Energy Commission 9800 South Cass Ave. Argonne, I11. Quincy Dadisman Reporter Milwaukee Sentinel 10817 N. San Makino Dr. 8W Mequon, Wisc. 53092 Miriam G. Dahl Izaak Walton League Wisc. State Division 5832 North Lake Drive Milwaukee, Wisc. 53217 Michael Darinich Chief, Construction-Operations Div. Detroit District U.S. Army, Corps of Engineers 150 Michigan Avenue Detroit, Mich. Charles T. Decker Monsanto Biodize Systems Inc. Midwest Offices 10 South Riverside Plaza Chicago, I11. 60606 Senator James C. Devitt Four-State Legislative Commission on Pollution of Lake Michigan Wisconsin Legislature 5151 South Root River Pkwy. Greenfield, Wisc. Charles W. Dougherty State Program Grants Specialist FWPCA 33 E. Congress Pkwy. Chicago, I11. 60605 Robert E. Drikssen Thilmany Pulp & Paper Kaukauna, Wisc. 54911 Jay J. Ferree WGN-TV Coneagog. 1114 Carlos Fetterolf Aquatic Biologist Michigan Water Resources Comm. Mason Building Lansing, Mich. Hal Fisher Field Producer CBS Network News 630 McClurg Court Chicago, I11. Herbert J. Fisher Aquatic Biologist FWPCA 1819 W. Pershing Road Chicago, I11. 60609 Sydney E. Foster Sydney E. Foster & Co. 111 W. Washington Street Chicago, I11. 60602 Thomas G. Frangos Wisc. Dept. of Natural Resources P. 0. Box 450 Madison, Wisc. F@beerrost Chief Engineer Michigan Water Resources Comm. Mason Building Lansing, Mich. Dorotyy A. Fuller Secretary FWPCA 1819 W. Pershing Rd. Chicago, I11. 60609 Jan R. Galloway Sales Engineer The Dow Chemical Co. 600 W. Touhy Chicago selt li Mark A. Gluege Boy Scouts, Troop 130 Explorers Post 4 1640 Aldoro Drive Waukesha, Wisc. 53186 George Gockstetter Sup't Environmental Mgt. Republic Steel Corp. 11600 Burlen Avenue Chicago, I1]1. 60617 Chester W. Brobschmidt Mayor South Milwaukee City Hall South Milwaukee, Wisc. 53172 Marie Hanus Cost Account 2830 North 78th Milwaukee, Wisc. Edward Hausknecht Project Engineer Wisconsin Steel Works 2800 East 106th Street Chicago, I]1. Paul G. Hayes Reporter Milwaukee Journal Journal Square Milwaukee, Wisc. 53012 Roy K. Henrichs, Sr. Operation Comeback President BP? cOsnBexs 137 Muskego, Wisc: 53150 Constance Herman I11. Federation of Sportsmen's Clubs 13005 S. Western Ave. Blue Island, I11. Fred Herzog Professor of Law-Assoc. Dean IIT Chicago-Kent College of Law Met. San. Dist. of Chicago Chicago, I11. Donald C. Hintze Commander, USCG COPT Milwaukee 2420 S. Line Mem. Dr. Milwaukee, Wisc. 53207 John Hogan Environment Editor WGN-TV - Radio 2501 W. Bradley Chicago, I11. Edward Jackson 3419 N. 11 Street Milwaukee, Wisc. Mrs. Ronald Jacobs 2491 N. Cramer Milwaukee, Wisc. 53211 Gretchen W. James Administrative Aide, U.S. Senator Charles Percy 219 S. Dearborn Chicago, I11. Mrs. Robert Jaskulski Milw. League of Women Voters 12004 N. Ridge Hales Corners, Wisc. 53130 Marirn J. Johnson Chief of Environmental Engineering U.S. Forest Service Milton Johnson Tech. Director of Labs A.0. Smith Corp. 3533 N. 27th Street Milwaukee, Wisc. Eileen L. Johnston I11. League of Women Voters 505 Maple Avenue Wilmette, I11. 60091 Joseph M. Kelsenberg, P.E. City Engineer City of Muskego S. 180-W. 7732 Racine Ave. Muskego, Wisc. James L. Kerwin Detroit News 615 W. LaFayette Detroit, Mich. C. W. Klassen Technical Secretary Il]. San. Water Board Springfield, Ill. Earl Knight Chief, Pollution Control Div. Met. San. Dist. of Chicago 100 E. Erie Street Chicago, I11. Warren Knowles Governor of Wisconsin Executive Office Madison, Wisc. Thomas Kroehn Dist. Director, Div. of Environ- mental Protection Dept. of Natural Resources State of Wisconsin 9203 W. Bluemound Road Milwaukee, Wisc. 53226 Paul A. Kuhn Associate Greeley & Hansen 14 E. Jackson Blvd. Chicago, I11. 60604 Quinten W. Laabs Village Administrator Village of Thiensville 101 Greey Bay Road Thiensville, Wisc. 53092 James Lang ~ Wisconsin Ecological Society Route | Oneida, Wisc. 54179 Harley F. Lawhead U.S. Army Corps of Engineers 536 S. Clark Street Chicago, I11. 60605 Ray D. Leary Chief Engr. & Gen']. Mar. Milwaukee Metro. Sewer Commission P. 0. Box 2079 Milwaukee, Wisc. 53201 Kenneth Lehner Supt. of Chemical Services Wisconsin Electric Power Co. 231 W. Michigan Street Milwaukee, Wisc. 53201 Benn J. Leland Sanitary Engineer I11. Sanitary Water Board 1919 W. Taylor Chicago, I11. 60612 Saul Levine Asst. Director Div. of Recreation AEC Washington, D.C. Curt F. Lindholm Asst. State Conservationist SCS-USDA 4601 Hammersley Rd. Madison. Wisc. Leonard E. Liak Div. Center for Environ. Studies Argonne National Laboratory 9700 S. Cass Avenue Argonne, III. 60439 Gerald D. Lorge State Senator State Senate Route | Bear Creek, Wisc. 54922 Jon Paul Longtin San. Engineer National Field Investigations Center, FWPCA 5555 Ridge Avenue Cincinnati, Ohio 45213 Arthur W. Main, dr. Attorney 111 W. Washington Street Chicago, I11. 60602 Brain Marks 2738 Lincoln Lane Wilmette, I.. 60091 Gerald Marks Consulting Engineer 53 W. Jackson Blvd. Chicago, I11. 60604 John Martinek Supt., Sewerage Systems City of So. Milwaukee 2005-10th Avenue South Milwaukee, Wisc. 53110 Jerome Mas lowski Asst. Atty. General Lansing, Michigan Francis T. Mayo Regional Director Great Lakes Region USDI, FWPCA 33 E. Congress Pkwy. Chicago, I11. 60605 G. L. McCormick President, Wisc. Resource Conservation Counci] 537-W. 26861 Holiday Hill Waukesha, Wisc. 53186 Chester A. Monson General Production Mar. Charmin Paper Products Green Bay, Wisc. Leonard A. Montie Asst. Engr.- Mgr. Green Bay Met. Sewer Dist. P. 0. Box 1015 Green Bay, Wisc. Dr. Clifford H. Mortimer Director, Center for Great Lakes Studies University of Wisconsin Milwaukee, Wisc. 53201 Harry V. Myers, dr. Sr. Engr., Engr. Res. Dept. Detroit Edison 2000 Second (WSC H-16) Detroit, Mich. 48226 Richard Nora RAP (Revolution Against Pollution) P. 0. Box 10 Wilmette, Ill. Milvin J. Noth, P.E. Director of Public Works P. 0 Box 100 Menomonee Falls, Wisc. 53051 David Oliver Captain, U.S. Coast Guard Captain of the Port, Chicago U.S. Coast Guard 610 S. Canal Str. (Rm. 1100) Chicago, Il]. 60607 Ray Pais 315 Aspen Lane Highland Park, I11. 60035 Kathleen Paschke 708 Chicago Avenue Waukesha, Wisc. C. Pemberton, Jr. Director, Tech. Progs. Great Lakes Region USDI, FWPCA 33 E. Congress Pkwy. Chicago, I11. 60605 James F. Penfold Water quality Standards Specialist Great Lakes Region USDI, FWPCA 33 E. Congress Pkwy. Chicago, 111. °"60605 Kathleen E. Penfold 225 A. Washington Blvd. Oak Park, I11. Bill Piotrowski Boy Scout Troop 130 1509 Sunny Circle Waukesha, Wisc. 53186 Stephen Poloncsik Associate Engineer IIT Research Institute 10 W. 35th Street Chicago, ltl, 60Ts7 H. W. Poston Commissioner Dept. of Environmental Control City of Chicago 320 N. Clark Chicago, I11. Thomas J. Powers, III Director, Water Quality Standards Branch Ohio Basin Region, FWPCA USDI 550 Main Street Cincinnati, Ohio 45202 Ralph W. Purdy Executive Secretary Michigan Water Resources Comm. Lansing, Mich. Philip A. Reed Tech. Asst. to Engr. of Water Purification Chicago Bureau of Water 1000 E. Ohio Street Chicago, I]1. 60611 Kenneth A. Rickerson Regional Landscape Architect Fed. Bureau of Public Roads 18209 Dixie Highway C. F. Riefstahl Kiwanis Club of Skokie Valley 8132 Kolmar Avenue Skokie, I11. Herbert E. Ripley Director, Environmental Health Services Waukesha County Dept. of Health Courthouse Waukesha, Wisc. 53186 Clifford Risley, ur. Director, R&D Great Lakes Region USDI, FWPCA 33 E. Congress Pkwy. Chicago, I11. 60605 David C. N. Robb Comprehensive Basin Planner Great Lakes Basin Commission 220 E. Huron Street Ann Arbor, Mich. 48108 Kenneth R. Roberts Asst. Water Resources Studies Coordinator U.S. Bureau of Commercial Fisheries 5 Research Drive Ann Arbor, Mich. Bruce B. Robertson Technical Supt. American Can Company P. 0. Box 790 Green Bay, Wisc. A. Rosenwald Glencoe, I11. League of Women Voters 600 Vernon Avenue Glencoe, Ill. 60022 Phillip Rothenberg Senior Asst. Attorney Metro. Sanitary District of Greater Chicago 100 E. Erie Chicago, I11. Edward C. Rubin Regional Manager Zimpro Inc. - Sterling Drug 1301 W. 22nd Street Oakbrook, II]. 60521 LeRoy E. Scarce Chief, Laboratory Services Br. U.S. Dept. of Interior, FWPCA Lake Michigan Basin Office 1819 W. Pershing Road Chicago, Ill. 60609 Robert A. Schacht Aquatic Biologist State of Illinois Sanitary Water Board 1919 W. Taylor Chicago, Il]. 60612 Robert E. Scheible Chief Sanitary Engineer Hdq. 5th U.S. Army Ft. Sheridan, I11. 60037 Mrs. Ronald Shlensky Glencoe, I11. LWV 165 Maple Hill Road Glencoe, I11. 60022 Fran Schnanig Glencoe League of Women Voters 379 Jackson Avenue Glencoe, I11. 60022 Francis H. Schraufnagel Director, Bureau of Standards & Surveys Dept. of Natural Resources Madison, Wisc. Fred C. Schroeder State Assembly West Bend, Wisc. 53095 John Skorupski Water Supt. City South Milwaukee 2005-10th Avenue South Milwaukee, Wisc. Thomas L. Smallwood Attorney Chicago Northwestern Railroad Company Matt Stahl Sanitary Engineer 9th Naval District Great Lakes, I11. Harold T. Stanlick Sanitary Engineer U.S. Forest Service 633 W. Wisconsin Ave. Milwaukee, Wisc. 53203 Rebecca Stetz Student - UWM Col. William G. Stewart District Engineer, Chicago U.S. Army Corps of Engineers 219 S. Dearborn Street Chicago, I11. 60604 Edward B. Sullivan WGN-TV News Chicago, I11. Richard Swanson Governor's Aide Governor's Office 411 Chestnut Street Lodi, Wisc. 53555 Thomas W. Thompson Assistant Professor-Aquatic Biol. Coll. Env. Sci. University of Wisconsin Green Bay, Wisc. 54305 John V. Tokar Engineer Argonne National Laboratory 9700 S. Cass Avenue Argonne, I11. 60439 Francis A. Underwood Water Production Supervisor Milwaukee Water Works 3000 N. Lincoln Memorial Drive Milwaukee, Wisc. K. VanSteenburg Omaha, Nebr. James C. Vaughn Engineer of Water Purification Dept. of Water & Sewers City of Chicago 1000 E. Ohio Street Chicago, I11. 60611 Frank I. Viler. Superintendent Water Pollution Control 110-51st Place Kenosha, Wisc. 53140 JeYarman Wallace Director, Environmental Control Youngstown Sheet & Tube P. 0. Box 900 Youngstown, Ohio 44501 Robert W. Warren Attorney General 114 East - Capitol Madison, Wisc. Alexander P. White Asministrative Assistant U.S. Senator Ralph Tyler Smith 219 S. Dearborn, Rm. 1758 Chicago, IT]. James T. White, dr. Colonel, U.S. Army U.S. Army Engineer District Detroit 150 Michigan Avenue Detroit, Mich. Oliver D. Williams Assistant to the Secretary Dept. of Natural Resources P. Q. Box 450 Madison, Wisc. John F. Wilson Director Wisconsin Ecological Society RP. 50. Box 574 Green Bay, Wisc. Richard M. Winar Environmental Geologist Commonwealth Edison a BOX 8/07 Chicago, I11. Thoedore F. Wisniewski Asst. to the Administrator Div. of Environmental Protection Wisc. Dept. of Natural Resources P. 0. Box 450 Madison, Wisc. 53702 Jessee A. Wood Chief Chemist Cities Service 0i1 Company 4900 Cline Avenue East Chicago, Ind. 46312 Marion Young Great Lakes Region USDI, FWPCA 33 E. Congress Parkway Chicago, I11. 60605 Howard Zar U.S. Dept. of Interior, FWPCA Lake Michigan Basin Office 1819 W. Pershing Road Chicago, I11. 60609 John H. Zass Past State Director National Campers & Hikers Assoc. 120-4th Street Waukesha, Wisc. 53186 John Zass, II Boy Scouts Troop 130 170-4th Street Waukesha, Wisc. 53186 — - Richard Sw Seen een oitd Governor's? tate2d svt: Govedhames qi ‘8H 4 41) Ches t@abl Semel “ne Fran Schnantg ~ ‘pnuoY sotist Slencoe Leacue oho¥peAnesdédrsso10 379 Jackson Avenue ADW] . 102 Glencoe, T) iyswih@aZeeovpn0d .3 Ef 20300 .ffl ,opsotdd - Lodi, Wisc. a5 Francis 4. Schraufnagel Director, Bureau of StandefdbiswoH Thomas. W. Thonpst +8 ou a *AOWR Ss, rotvsial to .sqed .¢.U Assistant Profes aa Dept oF BHO! h FosaomeerdotM avs Coll, Edotrser vaente ri RS Madison, Chsof patie? .W Orel Univers ty of Hiscongt _ 08 C0a0a «=. ITI ,opaatdd Green Say, We dc SUBWALIER a] sd ©. Schroeder f aff "3 ] te Assembly 228 .H ndob nn V. Toker st |, WiscnosS@4@O sted2 3259 Engineer = nati ntw .¢ aa Fi 20228 zie tH & 2veqms6) Fenofttsn Arconne Naxetevab2, ante 9% maine r Jo orupski soart2 ASD-OS1 9700 S. Gaoqubemiel swislt to .tg9C vate Supt.. @8fed .o2tW . 6resdueW Argonne. tht. 60439 02 x08 a City South Milwaukee 22h moztbsh 2905-10th Avenu m3! 2263 niol Francis A, Underwood tot south Mi lwauke®@EWanonT etyose yod Water Py duction Supe a (Ou sesrs2 Ath b-Ovf “i waukee Water Works... autos os 28 J NBBROB .s2kW , sesdusw 3000 W vested Ei tt : Mi iwaukee, Wise. ; ; f lroad +32 det x68 K,¥ (anSteenburg | ” Omaha, Neby. ae M er #3 ‘send 7 te rpolosa namnoy rynd James C. Vaugl _—— pt Sei Nil lay riot ts: A Engine ser of Water SS 1 at Lukes, LIV Dept, of Hater A: i mn | C3 ity of Chicago 7 bal tanlick 1000 E. Ohio ine 4 -enobsodT irae Chicago, emyd ong i ' Service’ noftosio014 [stnemmortvnd to . on sCOMnS INT AVe. Frasdo Woden fsa shi to -3qat aid Wisc. 53203 | Superintendent -——s-« GBB 0.8 oe Water ol utieotaaramelM «nee DB tetz 130-5ist Place _ Student - UNM ~~ Kenosha, Wise. S2)40booM A : etme ¢ Col. Wiiifem 6, Stewart Ja¥arman Wadden 160. evhconit9 ma District Engineer, Chicage j Director, Efww | ronnmenreardA 008 U.S. Army Corps of Enginmers Youngs towrS Beat. | DAE MOEON SO Ne 219 S$, Dearborn Street P- 0. Box 900 : hicago, 111.. 60604 dE. Fok ee Youngs kane » ony Edward 6. Sullivan | a rt We ar eo WGN-TV News y rrey & Chic )» en - ‘East ~ pi oes. ’ Introduction = Mr. Stein PRO PCs kobe De ue Nees INTRODUCTION Du MR. MURRAY STEIN MR. STEIN: The conference is open. Someone once had the privilege of introducing the President of the United States and he asked about a form of an introduction. They told him there were two forms for introducing. the President, a long form and a short form. He asked what the short form was and they said, "The President of the United States." Then he asked what the long form was and they said, "Ladies and gentlemen, the President of the United States." (Laughter.) With that,I will introduce Governor Warren Knowles of Wisconsin. (Applause. ) OD Governor W. Knowles HONORABLE WARREN KNOWLES GOVERNOR OF WISCONSIN MADISON, WISCONSIN GOVERNOR KNOWLES: Thank you very much, Mr. Stein. Governor Ogilvie, members of the State of tinguished guests, ladies and gentlemen. I am delighted to have the opportunity to wel- come you here this morning for this session of the Lake Michigan pollution conference. Jl thinkwa ligofesus sang Indiana and Michigan, representatives of the press, dis- aware of the past history of these conferences and certainly that it is appropriate that we assemble here on the shores of Lake Michigan to reassess where we stand today. In the light of the broad public interest now evident in ecology and the environment, the reconvening of this conference is logical and timely. A review of the previous sessions convinced me that collectively the Lake Michigan States and the Federal Government have set a course which will preserve the great freshwater lakes. Governor W. Knowles The public deserves assurance of our deter- mination and has the right to expect periodic audits of the progress which is being achieved. I am not going to recite this morning the advances that we in Wisconsin have made towards the goal of stopping contamination in Lake Michigan, but I may say to all of you that we are making headway, we are proud of what we have done, and certainly we are committed to cleaning up our own house in the progress of cleaning up Lake Michigan. I think the simple fact is, however, that we have not been able to move far enough or fast enough as I think we should and many people think we should in the matter of pollution abatement in our State. A recitation of the past inadequacies or delays is no more profitable to our cause than a litany of our accomplishments. The crucial question is, what are we going to do now, tomor- row and the years immediately ahead? I can assure all of you that Wisconsin is going to build some real pressure for action on the problems of pollution. Our Attorney General, Bob Warren, who is here this morning, has determined to use every legal tool Governor W. Knowles available to enforce Wisconsin stringent laws relating to air and water pollution. At the same time,our Depart- ment of Natural Resources has been authorized to add 40 new technicians to its staff. This together with our ORAP 200 program is going to give us the funds to proceed promptly and effectively in the area of antipollution treatment. I think these new staff members, for instance, will vastly improve the State's ability to identify the pollution sources, to develop abatement orders and then monitor the results. I am convinced that with effective cooperation between these two State agencies, the Wiscon- sin Department of Justice and the Department of Natural Resources, following an aggressive policy of pollution abatement, coupled with the long-awaited Federal funding, we will meet the deadlines imposed by the Lake Michigan conference and we will restore the quality to all Wiscon- sin interior lakes and rivers and streams. One additional factor that I think is very evident at the present time and should be mentioned is the fact that our chances for success have improved in Governor W. Knowles our fight against pollution because of the new public awareness of the problems affecting the ecological balance of our planet. A few years ago when we first came to grips with the pollution problems within our own States and in the Great Lakes,I am sure none of us expected the broad public support which now exists for environmental protection programs. The support is there and the understanding of the complexities of the ecologi- Caluprobilems appears to~ be developing. Public’ officials and businessmen are beginning to recognize that today and from now on they will be operating in a new climate of public» opinion. The public expects governmental units to take steps necessary to stop pollution and to restore the wholesome environment. It expects industries to recog- nize that the marvelous manufacturing processes that have been developed are incomplete unless they incorporate all of the vital’ pellution controls: However, I think we must encourage all the public to recognize that the question each person must ultimately ask himself is this: What am I willing to do? | What am I willing to do without in order to clean up the 10 Governor W. Knowles environment and restore a healthy ecology? Cleaning up the environment and restoring nature's balance can't be done by somebody else. It is the effort that will affect and should involve every citizen. I think again that the question is clear and it is simply this: What are we willing to do by way of an all-out commitment? First what are we willing to pay by reason of taxes or increased prices of consumer products? And second, what are we willing to do as individuals pre- serving, restoring, conserving and renewing our natural resources? Again an awakened public concern, a responsible attitude on the part of governmental and industrial lead- ers, plus the leadership of States and Federal Governments can add up to the preservation of the unique qualities of Lake Michigan and the renewal of the quality total envi- ronment in our region. The State of Wisconsin is going to use every legal and every scientific method and every tool that we know of to meet and surpass the commitments to this con- ference. We will put a stop to any pollution of Lake Michigan emanating from the State of Wisconsin and we wil ik Governor W. Knowles move forward towards that goal with full speed. I want to say to Mr. Stein and to all of you who are here this morning, we are delighted to have you here. We think this will be a fruitful conference. And I am further most pleased that Governor Ogilvie of the State of Illinois is here this morning. We are always glad to touch base with our fellow Governors and to cooperate with our good neighbors. I would like at this time to have the oppor- | tunity and the privilege to present to you the Governor of the great State of Illinois, Governor Richard Ogilvie. (Applause. ) HONORABLE RICHARD B. OGILVIE GOVERNOR OF ILLINOIS SPRINGFIELD, ILLINOIS GOVERNOR OGILVIE: Thank you very much, Governor Knowles. Mr. Stein, distinguished members of the enforcement conference, and ladies and gentlemen. I appreciate the opportunity to come here today and discuss an issue which is dominating the public kod Governor Richard B. Ogilvie interest, the state of our environment and what we are doing about it. It is difficult to exaggerate the scope or the severity of the problem. What we are being asked to pay is the bill for generations of neglect and a reckless disregard for the public interest. Many persons would have us believe that the process is irreversible, that nothing can be done. Others would have us ignore the harsh realities and talk about symptoms rather than develop tough remedies. I speak today neither as a prophet of inevitable doom nor as an evangelist of the latest and most fashionable social cru- sade. Rather, I am here to talk some plain common sense. In the last few days I have announced a new plan for a major reorganization and consolidation of Illinois environmental control efforts. This program includes the creation of three distinct units of govern- ment to replace the present scattered State pollution control activities spread throughout departments, boards and commissions. Our first unit is the Environmental Protection Agency. This single agency's primary function will be to seek strict enforcement of the regulations on air 3 Governor R. Ogilvie pollution, water pollution and solid waste disposal. In addition to investigating pollution violations, the agency will work with industries and municipalities to develop adequate pollution control devices and systems. The second unit to be established will be a single Pollution Control Board to replace the present Sanitary Water Board and the Air Pollution Control Board and to assume jurisdiction of solid waste disposal as well. This new board must function independently and forcefully. Operating on a continuous basis it will hold administrative hearings,andwill rule on charges of non- compliance with regulations and standards for all forms of pollution throughout our State. It will perform a role parallel to that of the Federal regulatory agencies and will function as a quasi-judicial forum. The third unit, and one that I regard as extremely important, is an applied Research and Develop- ment Institute. Because while a great deal is known about when and where pollution exists, much, much remains to be learned about how to prevent pollution while main- taining the living standards desired by a modern indus- trialized society. Basic scientific research on the 14 Governor R. Ogilvie ecological system has been carried out in many areas, but there is an urgent need for applied problem-solving research and the focus will be on identifying the priorit needs and on finding practical solutions. We must eval- uate current research programs by State and Federal agencies and our universities in terms of overall envi- ronmental quality needs. This institute will be an organization of top level professionals with a variety of disciplines, including a staff of economists, engineers, natural scientists, technicians and lawyers. The expertise of this staff will enable the institute to plan a relevant research and development program. To a substantial degree this program will be carried out by means of grants or in contracts to other governmental agencies, universities and in the private sector. In addition I am asking the Illinois Legisla- ture to propose a $750 million antipollution bond issue to be submitted to the voters this November. This proposal is designed to promote municipal treatment plant construction. It would make us full partners with the Federal and local governments so that each assumes Governor R. Ogilvie approximately one-third of the costs. This proposal is designed in conformity with the President's program announced a few weeks ago. Now let me turn to the specific question of the preservation of Lake Michigan. Only in recent years has Lake Michigan needed man's care, but now it does. And this conference represents the best opportunity for implementing that care. By sharing ideas and examining the problem together, surely we can move towards a solu- tions«, Mra) Clarence: Klassen,,our,iTllinois: conferee, will be presenting our ideas in great detail later. I would like to quickly review some of the things that are happening in our State. Our Attorney General, in cooperation with the Sanitary Water Board and the Sanitary District of Metro- politan Chicago, is taking forceful legal action against polluters within the District. New regulations against the discharge of pollutants from watercraft are now in effect. The North Shore Sanitary District has passed a $35 million bond issue and has received additional mil- lions from the State to pursue its effective battle for waste removal. 16 Governor R. Ogilvie During 1970 our lake surveillance program will be augmented by aerial surveillance, utilizing both heli-| copters and fixed-wing aircraft. And speaking of aircraft, I would like to add that we are continuing our concern about the possible deleterious effects to the lake of any type of offshore airport facility. I am determined to solve both our transportation and our pollution crises and without the one negating the other. I would like to leave you with this thought. Environmental preservation has been called the great political issue of the '70's, but it need not be so, not if we move now to solve the problem. I ask this con- ference to give serious consideration to establishing the programs and to the acceleration of timetables in order to spare our citizens a decade of political rhetoric, and more importantly to preserve our great midwestern heri- tage of clean air and pure water. Thank you. (Applause.) if Opening Statement - Mr. Stein OPENING STATEMENT BY MR. MURRAY STEIN MR. STEIN: Thank you, Governor Ogilvie and Governor Knowles. We have had a truly inspiring opening to the conference. This conference originally was called in 1967 at the request of the Governor of Illinois, so this is truly a State-Federal enterprise. We have been successful in many, many instances of dealing with pol- lution in getting the cooperation of both State and Federal authorities. We need them both if we are going to do the job, and more and more this pattern of coopera- tion is becoming evident in the country. Just in the past few months we have had conferences of this type in the South at the request of Governor Kirk of Florida and Governor Brewer of Alabama, and I think the recognition of the effectiveness of this type of activity has become apparent to all. We also do know that the resource we are pro- tecting here, that is the freshwater resource of the 18 Opening Statement - Mr. Stein Great Lakes, is one of the most precious we have in the country. The Federal Government has given prime con- sideration to the protection of the Great Lakes and particularly to the protection of Lake Michigan, because we have to recognize that of all the Great Lakes Lake Michigan is the one which is exclusively an American lake and if anything is wrong with Lake Michigan we are probably responsible for it. Secondly, Lake Michigan is in a State where it can be saved. We believe'’the conferees have set up a program to save that lake. As an indication of the con- cern the Federal Government has had for Lake Michigan, the President has met with the four Lake Governors to discuss this problem and I don't think it is any accident that the one visit that the President has found time to have outside Washington on this problem has been a meet- ing with the Governors of the States surrounding Lake Michigan. Our Secretary, Secretary Walter J. Hickel, has been out and met with the Governors on the same problem. We intend to go ahead with the program to keep Lake Michi gan clean. In order to do that, we are in probably the 19 Opening Statement - Mr. Stein most difficult phase of any pollution abatement proce- dure. We have a blueprint and a detailed plan for a cleanup agreed upon by the States and the Federal Govern- ment. This has been incorporated into the States and the Federal program. However, pollutien control is a very, very time-consuming, complicated and involved procedure. What we must do is see that this program is carried for- ward without any slippage. We also believe that the public has the right to know what its officials are doing and what the dis- chargers are doing. Therefore, the Department of the Interior has asked me to indicate to the conferees that what we would like to require is a detailed list of every discharger and discharge into the lake, large and small, with the state of compliance of these discharges to the requirements of the conference. This will include whether engineers have been retained, whether preliminary engineering reports have been made, whether detailed plans and specifications have been made, and whether detailed plans and specifications have been submitted, the arrangement of financing, the initiation of construction, and the completion and the 2 20 Opening Statement - Mr. Stein placing in fulltime operation of the remedial facilities I think we have made considerable progress. As I have pointed out several times, we are in the midst of the biggest municipal and industrial cleanup in Lake Michigan right now, particularly the work done at the southern tip of the lake. If we are going to continue that and keep the waters of Lake Michigan clean, we just must come up with this detailed reporting system and we must keep on top of this so no significant slippages will develop. This is what we will largely be doing at this conference and subsequent ones. -Again we will be happy to take up any significant problem that any of the people responsible for the discharges,citizens groups or State agencies will consider relevant and everyone will be given an opportunity to speak. However, I should point out that the conferees represent the State and Federal Government and only these people will be permitted to comment or ask questions. Anyone wishing to speak should indicate the desire to do so with his State representative or me and they will be given a full opportunity to present their views to the £1 Opening Statement - Mr. Stein conference. We intend to call upon the Federal Government first, then the States, and we will have a general dis- cussion after completing all this to see how far we have moved forward under State and local and Federal law to clean up the pollution and what remains to be done in the remedial program for Lake Michigan. At this point I would like to call on State Senator James C. Devitt of Wisconsin. Senator Devitt. JAMES C. DEVITT, STATE SENATOR FOUR-STATE LEGISLATIVE COMMISSION ON POLLUTION OF LAKE MICHIGAN WISCONSIN LEGISLATURE GREENFIELD, WISCONSIN SENATOR DEVITT: Thank you very much, Mr. Chairman. Governors, State officials and friends. First of all let me congratulate this conference on the excellent work it has been doing since its incep- tion in 1967. It is something that I believe that with- out we would all be in pretty bad shape, for if we don't ee J. C. Devitt have clean water and clean air nothing else is very important. The conference has been successful, in fact I think successful beyond a lot of our expectations. Some- times these things at a higher level turn out to be more eyewash than worth, but that is not the case in this particular conference. Almost all of the 20 recommendations that have been made have been carried out by most of the four States and Wisconsin has been, I think, one of the leaders in this particular project. Our Department of Natural Resources has made great strides in carrying out the recommendations of this conference. In the last session of our Legislature here in Wisconsin we passed a good deal of legislation which I believe is going to be very helpful to the situation and did, again, comply with the conference recommendations. I would like to review just a few of these pieces. We passed a ban, an outright ban, on DDT. And by the way, I would like to thank the Department of the Injterior, the Federal Water Pollution Control Administration, for the grant that they have given us on monitoring DDT in Lake J. C. Devitt Michigan and especially to Mr. Carl Klein, who worked with us very closely in getting this grant. We passed, I believe, a piece of legislation that will be a model piece for other States to follow-- a pesticides review board, where all pesticides and herbicides will be reviewed, their effect on water pol- lution evaluated and then a license issued for that particular item. We passed a boat toilet law, holding tanks for pleasure boats. And I would like to make a couple of recommendations, if I might, Mr. Chairman. Pleasure boating, of course, is a big part of our economy here in the State of Wisconsin, and having holding tanks in these particular boats will reduce water pollution a great deal, but we still don't have a Federal boat holding tank law for use on interstate vessels and until we get this Lake Michigan is still going to be polluted by our interstate vessels. I would make a recommendation that the Depart- ment of the Interior and this conference look very close at establishing regulations for a Federal boat holding tank law. Governor Knowles mentioned our ORAP 200 program a EI 24 J. C. Devitt which gives $144 million direct aid to local municipali- ties for establishing and updating municipal sewerage treatment plants. This has been well received and in good use in the State of Wisconsin. In fact, I had occasion to talk to our Department of Natural Resources shortly after the passage of this law and in talking to Mr. Beale, Assistant Secretary, I thought that the department might be dragging its feet in getting this plan implemented, but I found out that the plan was so successful and the requests for grants were coming in at such a rate that it wasn't dragging feet, it was a matter of paper work stacked up on the desk because we had failed to give them the help to actually hand out the money. They were in the process at the time that I calied him of going into a program of finding out just how many men they needed, but we implemented that just recently. I was happy to appear at our Board on Govern- ment Operations which appropriates money when we are out of session, along with Lieutenant Governor Olson, and the Board on Government Operations did transfer enough money to supply them with 40 additional people to actually get this program under way. It is now going good. We have over 700 orders issued against polluters in the State of Wisconsin, dated orders, and to my knowl- edge all of them are up to schedule. I commend the Department of Natural Resources of the State of Wisconsin fore tnetreti ne WOrksin ona particular area. 1 don! t believe that they are dragging their feet. I believe that if we are going to offer criticism, such as I did originally, we should then be prepared to get in there and pitch to see that whatever is lacking is done. I would urge this conference also to look into several other items. We should have a continual review of our standards on thermal pollution, and I think this is an important item for this conference to consider. And last but not least, I would urge the Federal Government to do two things in helping the various States. We need the assistance of the Federal Government. We can't go it alone. We don't have enough money from our taxpayers to support the full water pol- lution abatement program. We have a serious problem with the dumping of dredgings by the Corps of Engineers. We believe that the Federal Government will have to cooperate in this item 26 Oe Dees in the full payment. The various States cannot afford the money due in this particular area. It doesn't help by having the Corps of Engineers again quit dredging our harbors and rivers to quit polluting, because this, in effect. is a form of blackmail. We need these harbors and rivers dredged, but we can't stand the pollution. Somebody is going to have to pay for the dumping of these dredgings, and I believe that the Federal Government is the only one that can because the various States cannot BLrrord =iau. Last but not least, let me commend the Depart- ment of the Interior and President Nixon for their accelerated plan on funding of aids to local municipali- ties for updated and new sewerage treatment plants. This is the prime cause of pollution, of course, and I believe that President Nixon's stand in saying that he is going to appropriate the money and going to fund it and going to stamp out pollution is something that has been needed and lacking for a long time. I am glad that this Administration has done this. I know that the Department of the Interior has wanted it for years. Let me congrat- ulate both the President and the Department for their J MEV Dev ttt stand there. Let me just say, too, that we sometimes get up and blow off a little steam on what we need and I suppose everybody comes to the Federal Government needing money. We have the same problem with our municipalities. They come to the State government needing money. But this is a serious problem, a problem that none of us can go alone. IT think It. is going to take a continudl Sef fort iby abr tr | the people involved, local municipalities, State govern- ment and Federal Government, to get the job done. My commendations again to the Department and to the conference itself for the fine work that they have done in the past and the good work that I know they are going to do in the future. Thank you. (Applause. ) MR. STEIN: Thank you. I would like to ask that anyone speaking other than the panel members here come up to the lectern and identify themselves for the purposes of the record. If you have written copies of the statement, be sure and give one to the reporter. The panel would appreciate it, too, but the reporter, I think, is the prime target here, 28 M. Stein and be sure that she gets one. The reporter is an independent contractor and if any of you want copies of the transcript, which will normally appear in about three or four months under Government processes of printing, you should make your own arrangements with the reporter on your own. Before we go on, I would like to introduce the members of the panel. The Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources will be represented by Mr. Thomas Frangos and Mr. John Beale for Lester Voigt. The Illinois Sanitary Water Board by Mr. Clarence Klassen and Mr. Benn Leland. The Indiana Stream Pollution Control Board by Mr. Blucher Poole and Mr. Perry Miller. The Michigan Resources Commission, Mr. Ralph Purdy and Mr. Carlos Fetterolf. The Federal conferee is Mr. Francis Mayo, who is the Regional Director for this region of the Federal Water Pollution Control Administration, Department of the Interior, with headquarters in Chicago. My name is Murray Stein and I am from the F. Mayo Department of the Interior in Washington, D. C., and the representative of Secretary Hickel. I would like to call on Mr. Francis Mayo now for the Federal presentation. Mr. Mayo. FRANCIS MAYO, REGIONAL DIRECTOR GREAT LAKES REGION, FWPCA DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR CHICAGO, ILLINOIS MR. MAYO: Mr. Chairman, Governor Knowles, ladies and gentlemen. It is with confidence that I can assure Governor Knowles and Governor Ogilvie and the conferees that Secretary Hickel, Assistant Secretary Klein and Commissioner Dominick share with them their determina- tion to abate pollution and to preserve the water quality of Lake Michigan. We have come here today at the request of the four State Governors and the Secretary of the Interior to review progress that is being made to this end. We need to review discharger by discharger what is being done to abate sources of pollution which 30 F. Mayo do or may cause damage to the environment. This includes municipalities, industries, Federal installations, agri- culture, storm runoff, or whatever other sources we may find to be affecting the lake. We must insure that we have adequate mileposts to measure where progress is being made and where it is not being made. We must utilize all levels of enforce- ment, local, State and Federal, to insure that the mile- posts and the final goals are being met. We are encouraged that some of the States are moving to tighten up their interim and final schedules toward abating pollution. However, we are concerned where unilateral extensions may have been given by individual States which may serve to delay progress in this important program. In our reporting today we will relate what the Federal Government is doing or is not doing to abate pol- lution. We will relate source by source the Federal installations which are discharging to the lake. We will hear directly from several Federal installations on their projects. We will have reports from the Bureau of Com- mercial Fisheries on its findings in Lake Michigan. The F. Mayo Department of Agriculture will review its new programs aimed at solving water quality problems. There will be a presentation by the U. S. Army Corps of Engineers on its programs that relate to water quality in Lake Michigan. There will be a report of the Pesticides Committee estab- lished by the conferees. We will report on the water quality monitoring, vessel regulations and the status of contingency plans to deal with spills of oil and hazard- ous materials. There will be a statement by the Great Lakes Basin Commission and we will report on current research and development projects and how these may be translated to practical applications. We intend that this conference should be a positive review of what is being accomplished in the Lake Michigan Basin. The presentation of the material by the Federal agencies will be in the following order: Bureau of Com- mercial Fisheries, Army Corps of Engineers, Department of Agriculture, and the Pesticides Committee report, moni- toring report, research and development report, Federal installations report, and the Great Lakes Basin Commission statement. If Mr. John Carr of the Ann Arbor Laboratory of J. avevCarr the Bureau of Commercial Fisheries is here, we would like him to lead off with the Federal statement. JOHN F. CARR, CHIEF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH BUREAU OF COMMERCIAL FISHERIES ANN ARBOR, MICHIGAN MR. CARR: I am John Carr of the Bureau of Commercial Fisheries in the Ann Arbor Lab. I will dis- cuss two aspects of the studies we have been doing: new material or new considerations that we think are importan in dealing with thermal pollution and the status of ale- wives. We are nearly all aware of the proliferating number of nuclear powerplants to go into Lake Michigan. In 1974 there will be seven functioning plants. The available evidence that we have on the effects of these plants is being looked at carefully by enforcement agencies and there seems to be a preponderance of evidence develope today to indicate that few or no significant ecological effects will occur. However, the work done to date is far from being comprehensive and it is likely that deat. Gary undesirable effects can occur that have not been con- sidered. The difficulty of recognizing what these effects may be and where they may occur is great and is going to take some action. I would like to present briefly some recent information that has come to light that should be taken into consideration when we are thinking about nuclear powerplants in the site location. Recent unpublished information from Lake Huron by Ontario biologists has shown that white fish popula- tions spawn on discrete and very limited rocky shoreline areas from a depth of a few inches to 25 feet. These Spawning areas are sufficiently shallow and the spawning and incubation physiologies of these species are such that the heated discharge could seriously affect the spawn- ing activities and destroy the incubating eggs. It is possible that the heated areas of influence of the seven Lake Michigan nuclear powerplants might also include similar but uncharted discrete spawning areas of Lake Michigan fish. Some other factors, recent data from biologists from the University of Wisconsin here in Milwaukee have 34 Stem « (GAL. shown that fry of the whitefish family have concentrated in nursery grounds over certain reefs near Chambers Island in Green Bay. In all likelihood there are other unprotected or protected backwater island and bay areas of Lake Michigan which should be protected because they are an accumulation, the fry do accumulate in these areas. Heated effluents from improperly sited nuclear powerplants in such protected areas could destroy these important nursery areas. Recently published data from the Bureau of Commercial Fisheries show that a slight two-degree rise in temperature, from six to eight degrees Centigrade, decreases the incubation period of Lake herring 41 days and whitefish 22 days. What this means, that any unnatural heating in the areas in which the eggs are incubating would result in earlier hatching when the environment would be unfavorable to their survival. This has been shown to be the case in Lake Constance in Germany. Finally, we have talked about this in relation to heated effluents, the fact that warm water does not hold as much oxygen, but there are also other consideratios 35 rom. *Carr which are related to thermal stratification in lakes in which we are sealing off the bottom waters from being reaerated also. So that with warm temperatures the ability of natural waters to hold dissolved oxygen is affected. We also have an increase in the metabolic activity of organisms requiring more oxygen, an increased rate of BOD or oxygen depletion, and a reduction in the waste assimilative capacity of water. The first three statements referred to have a strong potential effect on discrete fish spawning sites. And by discrete spawning sites and by discrete populations I mean a population that does not intermingle with others. Fishery scientists have recognized that many species use geographically exact, and sometimes quite small, spawning sites. An example of this is the whitefish spawning on South Manitoulin Island, but in Lake Michigan there is insufficient information exists on the proposed new Lake Michigan powerplant sites to document the existence of or the lack of discrete spawning areas. This information is sadly wanting and should be available before powerplants are located and discharge characteristics are determined. Investigations should be launched to determine if any deer pit. Gane such spawning areas exist within the thermal zones of the proposed plants and future Lake Michigan nuclear power sites should be carefully investigated to determine the existence of significant and affectable spawning or nursery areas. I think it is a common misconception that thermal pollution alone will not cause irreversible con- ditions and that simple discontinuance of the heated effluent will permit reestablishment of a once existing organism. Some of the information we have presented indicates that the quality of the discrete spawning areas can be destroyed by thermal effluents and it does not follow that once destroyed a native fish population would once again develop in such an area. Unless these prin- cipal spawning sites are located soon, misplaced thermal effluents might destroy them forever and the species that is associated with it. With respect to the future course of action, we then recommend that important spawning and nursery areas of Lake Michigan be identified so that they may be protected from thermal effluents. I would like to make a brief statement on the status of the alewife in Lake Michigan. u7eh:. . Carr We have conducted an annual assessment of the alewife in Lake Michigan since they have been a problem. The annual dieoff is characteristic of the Lake Michigan fish, but since the 1967 dieoff those of 1968 and 1969 were quite light. The information collected during the fall of 1969 revealed that the abundance of alewives in experimental fishing in key spots in southern Lake Michi- | Lake Michigan is beginning to increase, that from | | gan we had a 60 percent increase in alewives in 1969 over 1968. The fall assessment, fall of 1969, also indicated that the hatch of young alewives in 1969 was very suc- cessful and that the survival of a large hatch of young fish in 1968 has also been very high. Thus we have had two large numbers of young alewives produced in two consecutive years. Looking at the age composition of the adult alewife shows that they are now dominated by overage fish. Over 50 percent of adult fish are in their fifth year of life. Alewives are a short-lived fish in the Great Lakes and only about 30 percent survive to age four and only five percent beyond age five. Under normal conditions a severe dieoff during ' Lish,. .Gark 1970 would not be expected, but since older fish account for a substantial part of the adult stocks mortality among this group will be high in 1970. The Lake Michigan area also has been experiencing wintertime air tempera- tures below normal, which probably has influenced the temperature of the water. In wintertime the alewives seek the warmest water in the lake, but even this warm water in Lake Michigan in the bottom during late winter approaches the threshold temperature which alewives suffer, so this will put them under additional stress. Since the abundance of alewives remains substantially below the level reached prior to the 1967 dieoff, a dieoff of the magnitude experienced in 1967 is most unlikely. There is, however, the possibility of local- ized heavy dieoffs during the spring and summer of 1970 be cause of the high percentage of older fish and because of possible increase of stress due to the colder winter temperatures. This concludes my statement. I would like to mention that the pesticide monitoring of the Bureau of Commercial Fisheries data has been turned over to the Pesticide Committee. tah. -Carr Thank you. MR. STEIN: Thank you, Mr. Carr. Are there any comments or questions? MR. PURDY: I have a question. MR otISTEENS .bYies our haPurdy. correctly that you have, say, no studies under way at the MR. PURDY: Mr. Carr, do I understand you | present time to identify nursery areas in the vicinity of} the present proposed nuclear plants? | MR. CARR: That is true, we have no studies under way at the present time. MR. PURDY: If this conference should decide that they would like your recommendations on the types of studies that would be necessary, could you provide this to the conference? MR. CARR: I think we would be glad to make an attempt and we could at least identify how much more information we would need. With the several proposed plants I think we could do this, yes. MR. PURDY: Wouldn't you think that this would be, say, rather an important piece of information at the present time? 4O Juzsb..GaryE MR. CARR: I think it would. I think some of the information I presented came to light three weeks ago here in Milwaukee at the lake committee meetings. Before this we hadn't really considered that shallow waters, shallows of one and two and three feet, were important spawning areas. We now consider them to be important spawning areas. MR. PURDY: Thank you. MR. STEIN: Any other comments or questions? MR. POOLE: I would like to pursue that. MR...STEIN: . «Yes ,..Mr.ioPootke:: MR. POOLE: Mr. Carr, would you be in a positio on a request of a State to make a study in specific areas or if you are not in a position to do it all on your own to collaborate with the State in making a study? It seems to me with only seven plants sited at the moment that this is the way it ought to be attacked rather than going itnto an overall study of Lake Michigan as to where the spawning areas are. I am not saying that shouldn't be done eventually, but I would think the first thing you ought to know is how many of them are around these presently proposed sites. AV J. . Carr MR. CARR: Well, I think we would be willing to undertake this task. I think with the cooperation of the States, the commercial fisherymen in the States and their official agency that perhaps we could do this with a@ minimum amount of expenditure of money and perhaps by the next meeting of the conferees, at least for the seven proposed ones. MR SSeS Yes “Mr vek lass ern. MR. KLASSEN: On another little different phase of the subject, Mr. Chairman, I have heard unofficially reports on the tremendous increase in coho in Lake Michi- gan, and I wonder if Mr. Carr could bring us up to date on the increases, something officially, about the increase of the coho. And another point, I understand that cur- rently there are tremendous amounts of coho in the south end of Lake Michigan where we normally consider this not only polluted but warm water. Could you comment on this, please? MR. CARR: Yes. The four States bordering Lake Michigan plan to plant approximately seven million fish in Lake Michigan this coming year, three trout species and two salmon species. The coho salmon are in 42 Jr a> Carn great abundance. I don't know that they are any more abundant this year than in the last two previous years. And yes, they are in southern Lake Michigan in the spring Where the alewife are seems to be where they are feast- ing. There is also a temperature preference, warmer water that occurs first in the southern basin, then by June and July they scatter out all over Lake Michigan. But all of the States are planting this year seven million fish into Lake Michigan. MR. STEIN: Does that answer your question, Mr. Klassen? MR. KLASSEN: Not completely, but I will drop it. there; MR. STEIN: Do you know if there are any pro- cedures available for an alewife cleanup if you should have this local dieoff this year? MR. CARR: To my Knowledge there are no plans availabie. The money that was made available in 1967 was for the one year only and as far as I know there are no, at least Federal, financing plans to clean up the alewife at this present time. MR. STEIN: I know where that money came fron, JDRF Li Carr right out of my budget. But what I am talking about is I recognize that your agency is not an operating agency, it gives advice. But I don't want to move back to Chicago, practically, the way we had to do then to take on the operation of the program. This was a demonstration. MR. CARR: That is right. MR. STEIN: We indicated that at least you could have preventive measures against the alewife pileup on the beaches and we would hope that some consideration would be given to at least a standby procedure or a pro- cedure where we could begin to move into an alewife clean- up if this should develop, even on a local basis. MR. CARR: I think some of the industries that were affected in the last one have plans and I think some of ys local organizations have plans for cleaning up the heavily used beaches. MR. STEIN: Any other comments or questions? If not, thank you very much, Mr. Carr. Mr. Mayo. Oh, by the way, I think we do have a represen- tative of Senator Percy here. If he is here, would he C ey#'s0- Lindholm stand up and identify himself? MRS .JAMES: I am Gretchen James. MR. STEIN: Do you want to say anything? MRS. JAMES: No. Iam just here to report back. MR. STEIN: Thank you very much. Mr. Mayo. MR. MAYO: Colonel Stewart of the Corps has asked for a little additional time to prepare his material. Is Mr. Lindholm from the Department of Agri- culture here? CURT F. LINDHOLM, ASSISTANT STATE CONSERVATIONIST SOIL CONSERVATION SERVICE - U. S&S. DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE, MADISON, WISCONSIN MR. LINDHOLM: I am Curt Lindholm, Assistant State Conservationist, Soil Conservation Service, Madison, Wisconsin. Mrs.’ Cratty, our State’ Conservationist in Michigan, has prepared a statement which I will read at this time: (Which said statement,with its attached exhibits, is as follows: ) | | aren —— = Wy 45 STATEMENT - UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE by Arthur H. Cratty Commissioner, Agriculture Great Lakes Basin Commission Kast Lansing, Michigan Chairman Stein: At the second session of the Lake Michigan Pollution Conference, a statement was presented for the Department of Agriculture. ‘The statement outlined the programs and assistance of USDA. At the conclusion of the statement, it was suggested that a group of the conferees and representatives be set up to specifically indicate areas where USDA assistance can be put to work. To date, I have not been advised of any such group taking action on the suggestion. I want to emphasize that we do have the know-how to control sediment on all lands. Further, we stand ready to assist you and the conferees in an undertaking to pinpoint the critical sediment producing areas. We have identified the amount of sediment contributed to Lake Michigan by sub-basin. The total amount of sediment delivered to Lake Michigan is approximately 2,000,000 tons per year. Sheet erosion accounts for 95 percent of the sediment. Streambank erosion accounts for 3 percent, and 2 percent comes from urban construction and road- Side erosion. For the record, Mr. Chairman, Exhibit 1 is a summary of the estimated annual sediment delivered to Lake Michigan by sub-basin. In addition, Exhibit 2 is a map showing the location of sediment production along major streams. Let me point out the map is preliminary, subject to revision, but does pinpoint the location 46 and relative intensity of sediment production. From this information, it is evident that an accelerated land treatment and sediment control program is urgently needed. The realization of such a program will be dependent upon a cooperative endeavor of individual landowners, local and state government, and the federal government. In addition to the above, the Soil Conservation Service has developed an Interim Guide to Soil and Water Management Activities (Exhibit 3) which can be carried out by the Soil Conservation Service which will contribute to the abatement of agricultural related pollutants. The guide outlines the principal types of technical assistance which SCS personnel may provide for measures which reduce various kinds of pollution. In using the guide, keep in mind that except for the Great Plains Program, SCS has no specific authority to carry out a pollution abatement program; however, there are many activities that SCS carries out to reduce the movement of pollutants and thereby contribute to pollution abatement. The guide provides a brief description of a specific category of pollutants: sediment, plant nutrient and organic waste, heat, disease organism, landscape, Mineral salt, air pollutants arising from pests and toxic substances. In Michigan, the Agricultural Stabilization and Conservation Service has approved two special practices under the Agricultural Conservation Program dealing directly with pollution. The practices are: reducing pollution of water by farm wastes and controlling sedimentation. I want to make it clear that carrying out these practices is voluntary on the part of the landowners. Federal cost- sharing has been established at 80 percent of the cost of applying 47 the practice. Mr. Chairman, a copy of each practice is presented as Exhibit 4 for the record. The Soil Conservation Service in Michigan has developed an engineering standard for farm waste disposal systems. We are making the standard available to the SCS State Offices of Wisconsin, Illinois, and Indiana as well as to all of our Area and Work Unit offices in the state of Michigan. The standard will be made available to all state and local units of government. Again, I must point out the SCS technical assistance to soil conservation district cooperators is on a request basis from the cooperator. We in SCS do not have enforcement authority. Mr. Chairman, a copy of the engineering standard for farm wastes disposal system is labeled Exhibit 5. In all events, we stand ready to cooperate and assist the states and other federal departments. Mr. Chairman, I am a bit concerned that I did not receive a copy of the transcript of the second session held February 25, 1969, in Chicago, Illinois until March 13, 1970. Further, I have been advised that I was to have received a letter dated about March 13 regarding this session asking for specific information for this session. I want you and the conferees to know that I have not received such a request. It is indeed a major responsibility to represent the 20 agencies of the Department of Agriculture. I request that when specific assignments are going to be made, I would appreciate ample lead time (certainly more than two weeks) to alert the other USDA agencies and obtain the information being requested. 48 As I am sure you are aware, we in USDA are vitally concerned with the problems at hand and the urgent need for wise use and management of our natural resources. Mr. Chairman, that concludes my report. 49 Exhibit 1 SEDIMENT DELIVERED TO LAKE MICHIGAN Annual Tons Delivered From: Hydrologic Unit Urban Sheet Erosion | Streambank | Construction | Roadside Menominee Complex 25,000 Menominee River. 21,000 Peshtigo River 15008 Oconto & Pensaukee Complex 36 ,000 Saumico Complex 7,000 Fox River 138,000 Green Bay Complex 217,000 Chicago-Milwaukee Complex Wisconsin 199 , 000 Indiana 232,000 Illinois 2 St. Joseph River 310,000 Black River South Haven Complex 79,000 Kalamazoo River 144,000 Black River-Ottawa Complex 3.15000 Grand River 217,000 Muskegon River 43,000 Sable Complex 97,000 Manistee River 25,000 Traverse Complex 85,000 Seoul Choix-Groscap Complex 5,000 Manistique River 3,000 Bay De Noc Complex 4,000 Escanaba River 4,000 Total Lake Michigan Basin 1,929, 0002/ 61,0002/ hg, 0003/ 4 ooot/ Grand Total Delivered to Lake Michigan: 2,043,000 Tons Per Year 1/ Based upon computed sheet erosion rates and delivery ratios applied by hydrologic units. Based upon recent streambank erosion study, mean average of 27 tons per square mile erosion, delivery ratios applied. ue Based upon special urban erosion study, delivery ratios applied. cae Based partly upon special roadside erosion study in Wisconsin. Erosion rate estimated at 20 tons per acre, delivery ratios applied. 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UZ senbyzuyIeQ essay sazqnbez septoy sed ° Ps “€ N “Tl *s[ Btle.ewW I{x0j Zuten uy saaf{oldme SoS JO sezItLTqysuodsel pue souBzIOdwy ay3 3no AUzod suez}y BuyMo, {oJ ayL ‘JUswUoIzAUs 9y2 UO AodeduT @1Q}ssod sj} pus souRISsqns eYyQ sO BiNjeU ay} 02 Zuyp10IzdB SpoyIsew WUesI9zZzTp Aq peTpueq oq Jsnw s2duUBISqns ITxO] INANALVEY NOILNTIOd NO Slodddid SAONVLSENS OIMOL JO ASM AHL NI GAATOANT SaNOINHOAL *gazTIUeZi1ewe 02 312 B aq PINoYs - q ‘aja ‘dnuvaz®. ‘asn ‘Zuz[pusy ay uz uo; INWd aQowo1d 0 ‘aqezadordde se ‘AI}]{ }qQ}suodse1 Zuzyawy saefo,dma sos - vB /T * gouysue uo}TJenquod [ BU12IUT woilj suoytsstwe pee] 8338VA [Tw ding *S[Bll97eW [VTIIsNpuUy jO s{{}ds [eQuepyzoIoy S2ATIIVOT PLY esvei3 pues ‘{yo ‘szeuveT2. ‘squTed °330 ‘sepTot -quapor ‘sapyot I Iesuy ‘sepyoTZunz ‘sapzotqiey Buppny{o.uy ‘septIti3sed SINVLOTIOd AZONVLSGAS OIXOL 40 sadunOs GNV SaNLI Saj}IueZi98ews ©2 RIeTy - q AFL Tqysuedsey - v Oo /1 epo9 *“M10Z pT [OCs 20 “‘pytnby]_ ‘seB3 uy aq Avs AayuL SINVLOT10d ZONVLSANS IINOL *quemuorzAUs 943 JO Az] enb @y2 390338 AT Os19Ape pus [tos pus ‘ze3uM ‘ITB eInyy{od Aww peen AT 19do1dmy UsayA YoTYA sUCsTOd e18 S[B}IEeIBW D}xOL 50-K Exhibit 4 UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE MICHIGAN Michigan State ASCS Office NOTICE 1-ACP 70- East Lansing, Michigan 48823 FOR: County Offices POLLUTION ABATEMENT PRACTICES APPROVED BY: Acting State Executive Director 1 PURPOSE To furnish counties two pollution abatement practices which have been approved by Washington. 2 BACKGROUND Forty-eight counties submitted similar practices for the 1970 programe These two practices will be included in a revision to the (1-MI) Handbook. 3 ACTION Counties desiring these practices shall submit two copies to the State office by March 20, 1970. The county name shall be placed at the top of the practices. If I Practices were not original ly submitted for your 1970 program, a request must be made in writing to include the practices. This request must be signed by representatives of the COC, SCS and FS. 4 NOTICE DISPOSAL July 1, 1970. 3-10-70 Page | 50-L COUNTY (ACP) PART 2 PAR, 100.6 100.6 I-1] REDUCING POLLUTION OF WATER BY FARM WASTES A Purposee To reduce pollution of surface streams, lakes and groundwater. B Applicability.e To barnyards, feedlots, milkrooms and other farm-areas from which run-off constitutes an actual or potential pollution hazard. C Other Provisions. 1 Cost-sharing is authorized for the construction of waste stabilization ponds, terraces and diversions ditches, sod waterways or installation of piping, or such structural measures necessary to reduce water pollution. 2 (ost-sharing may be authorized only if the installation also provides soil and water conservation benefits. 3 State laws governing practice establishment will be adhered to. Prior to construction, it is the land owner's responsibility to obtain necessary approval or referral from the water resources commission. D Specifications. This practice must be carried out in accordance with SCS standards and specifications on file in SCS and ASCS county offices. E Federal Cost-Share. 80 percent of the cost. 3=9-/0 Page { 50-M COUNTY (ACP) PART 2 PAR. 100.8 100.8 I-2 CONTROLLING SEDIMENTATION A Purpose. To reduce sediment pollution, retard sheet and gully erosion, and encourage wildlife and aesthetic values in addition to providing soil and water conservation benefits. B Applicability. To critical areas on farms adjacent to Streams, ponds and lakes which are subject to erosion and which constitutes significant pollution hazards. C Other Provisions. 1 Cost-sharing is authorized for the necessary grading, shaping and filling, and site preparation and planting protective vegetative cover. Cost-sharing is also authorized for mulching. 2 Cost-sharing may be authorized for riprapping, grade stabilization structures, sediment collecting basins and other needed structural measures including necessary site preparation. 3. Cost-sharing may be authorized for trees and shrubs including necessary site preparation. 4 Cos t- sharing may be authorized for new materials for protective fencing. D Specifications. This practice must be carried out in _ accordance with SCS standards and specifications on file ‘in SCS and ASCS county offices. E Federal Cost-Shares. 80 percent of the cost. 3-9-70 | Page 2 5U-N Exhibit 5 Technical Guide Section IV-G SOIL CONSERVATION SERVICE MICHIGAN ENGINEERING STANDARD FARM WASTE DISPOSAL SYSTEM Derinition A system of structural works designed to retain both liquid and solid wastes in a safe manner and to provide for their subsequent disposal without significant contamination of surface or ground waters or of the environment of the community. Scope This standard includes, within’ practice limitations, any conservation practice presently covered by Michigan Standards and Specifications which are needed to minimize the erosion and/or control the runoff across or from*the “feedlot.” Such practices may include .but are not limited to terraces (600), diversions (362), grassed waterways (12), open channels (480 & 590), grade stabilization structures (410), debris basins (350), tile drainage (606), pumping installations (533), and ponds (378) (either pit or embankment type) as the site may require. In addition, it may include such special practices as settling basins, detention basins, anaerobic and aerobic lagoons, and spray type disposal systems as described in this standard. Purpose A Farm Waste Disposal System is used to prevent or reduce the polluticn from farm runoff to downstream surface and/or underground waters and to enhance esthetic values at downstream locations. Conditions Where Practice Applies General This practice applies to any farmyard or feedlot where pollution prob- lems would result from uncontrolled runoff. 3-70 30-0 This standard establishes the minimum acceptable criteria for the design and installation of animal waste disposal systems. It does not include waste treatment systems for domestic sewage or for manufacturing plants or processing plants for agricultural products. Where other than animal wastes are to be disposed of (such as cherry cooling water, fruit and*vegetable wash water, etc.) or where site con- ditions will not permit the use of the following criteria, other design criteria and waste disposal techniques may be approved by the State Conservation Engineer on a job by job basis. State Law All state laws and published implementing rules established by the Water Resources Commission of the Michigan Department of Natural Resources or other state agencies and any regulations or ordinances established by county or other units of local government shall be strictly adhered to. The owner or operator will be responsible for securing all necessary permits where required. Design Criteria Definition of Terms As used in this standard, the following terms mean: 1. Aerobic Lagoon - a waste stabilization pond constructed to process and decompose animal wastes (including body excre- ments, feed losses, and other material) by use of sun- light, air, bacteria which require a relatively high level of dissolved oxygen in the waste water, single-celled aquatic life, and algae action on the liquids and solids. 2. Anaerobic Lagoon - a waste stabilization pond having the same purpose as an aerobic lagoon except that the bacteria whose action breaks down wastes does not require the pres- ence of dissolved oxygen. 3. BODs - the 5 day biochemical oxygen demand for a given waste water. It is expressed in milligrams of oxygen which will be consumed by the bacteria in one liter of the waste water during 5 days of incubation under specific laboratory conditions. 3-70 an General 50s P Detention Basin - a pond constructed to store polluted runoff from a waste producing area until such time as it may be disposed of in an acceptable manner. [It differs froma. waste stabilization pond in that no provision is made for the decomposition of the waste. That which does occur is considered incidental since its prime function is storage. Domestic Sewage - the waste water from a kitchen, bathroon, lavatory, laundry, or toilet. Septic - rotting, decomposition of organic matter by bacteria, fungi and oxidation resulting in the formation of foul- smelling products. Settling Basin - a tank or pond or pool area(s) constructed in such a manner that the flow of waste water will be slow enough to allow a large portion of the solids in the water to settle out of suspension. Liquid Spreading Areas - a designated area which is maintained in grass for a planned period of time during which waste water (polluted runoff) is spread over it using irrigation equipment or other mechanical means. The design of any Farm Waste Disposal System must give recognition to all major components of the system so that each functions in a manner that is compatible with all other components. These major components: BAS) A. Structural works to exclude unpolluted runoff from aress outside the system. B. Feedlot features which facilitate. the oneration of the feedlot end the removal of waste materials. C. Structural works to convey waste materials from the feedlot to the disposal facilities: D. Disposal Facilities which process and/or provide for final disposal of the waste material. The design and installation of each component will include the following capabilities: 32/0 50-Q Structural Works to Exclude Unpolluted Runoff These should include the diversion of surface runoff from areas outside the feedlot including water from gutters on Luildings. An exception to this occurs where, for a limited time, this water is allowed to enter the waste disposal system in order to provide an adequate liquid level in lagoons or other treatment facilities. Feedlot Features A feedlot should be laid out so that its operations will be compat- ible with the disposal facilities and maintain a desirable environ- ment for animal performance. While existing feedlots may not lend themselves to economical modi- fication in all aspects, their modification should include, but not be limited to, consideration of animal density, type of surface, Slope for adequate drainage, erosion control on steeply sloping lots, mobility of animals and vehicles in the lot, minimizing odors, flies, and dust, animal health and methods by which manure is removed from the Teedloty Guidelines for feedlot planning may be obtained from Information Series sheets (mimeo) issued by the Agricultural Engineering Depart- ment, Michigan State University and bulletins from the various agri- cultural experiment stations, Midwest Plan Service (available at county Extension Service offices) and other agriculturally related agencies. New feedlot design should include provision for all of the cbove items plus others. They should not be located immediately adjacent to streams or watercources. Space should be provided so that con- veyance works, settling basins, detention ponds, lagoons, spreading areas, etc. are above lands "subjece to overflow. The most desirable feedlot slopes are from 4% to 6%. Relatively flat areas with poor surface drainage must be graded to provide drainage. Slopes with a south exposure are preferable and east slopes are second in preference to provide early drying of the lot. Feedlots on highly permeable soils or soils with a high water table may cause groundwater con- tamination. Avoid locating feedlots close to towns or other popu- lated areas. Structural Works to Convey Waste A surface drainage system should drain water away from all feed bunks, openings to roofed shelter and manure storage areas. Lot drainage 3-70 50-R must be conveyed in open channels which can be cleaned with tractor- mounted equipment. Avoid culverts under roadways or openings under feed bunks which may clog and require hand cleaning. Where pipes must be used to convey manure, provide easy access for rodding and cleaning. If possible, provide a flap gate or plug which may be opened at frequent intervals and manure flushed through the pipe. All pipes to handle manure must be 6" or larger and be on a slope of 1% or more. Generally, long tile lines to convey waste water should not be used due to the danger of clogging. Disposal Facilities 1. General Requirements a. Soils: All disposal facilities (settling basins, detention ponds, waste stabilization ponds, and similar structural works) will be constructed in relatively impermeable soils in order to prevent the pollution of groundwater or surface water. Where such soils do not naturally occur at the site, pond sealing techniques will be used to prevent this type of pollution. b. Protection: All detention ponds, waste stabilization ponds (lagoons), and similar impoundments will be adequately fenced and signs posted to designate the nature of the facility and to warn against trespassing. A gate with a lock shall be installed. Settling basins shall be similarly protected where deep accumulations of wastes in liquid or Slurry form are expected. c. Vegetation: Embankments and areas surrounding settling basins, detention ponds, and waste stabilization ponds (lagoons) shall be protected from erosion by vegetation or other acceptable methods. d. Maintenance: All impoundments shall be inspected periodi- cally. Grass, weeds, and brush shall be controlled by mowing with special attention to the edge of the pool. Clippings from mowing operations should be kept out of the pool. 2. Facility Requirements a. Settling Basin: A settling basin or tank should be provtdaed between the waste source and a detention basin or waste stabilization pond. This will remove any solids that will 3-70 not decompose and reduce the total volume of organic solids which reach the final basin. A settling basin must have a storage volume adequate to hold the maximum expected accunu- lation of solids between clean-outs plus sufficient additional area to provide velocities through the basin of 1.0 feet per second or less (based on peak flows from 10 yr., 24 hr. storm). All settling basins shall have a minimum volume of 1.5 inches runoff from the contributing area. Each settling basin shall have a controlled release of impounded runoff. Any spillway used to discharge runoff from the settling basin into a detention basin or waste stabilization pond Shall have the capacity to pass the peak flow from a 10 year 24 hour storm from the contributing area. A settling basin may be constructed in one of the following ways: (1) A concrete tank which can be emptied periodically using liquid manure handling equipment. (2) An excavated area which can be cleaned periodically with a front-end loader or a dragline. The depth of accumulation of solids should be kept low (suggested depth 2 feet) to facilitate their drainage and subse- quent handling. Greater depths of accumulation may be permitted if clean-out is done with a dragline. For this, the basin top width’ shouldibes/Oofeet joraless. (3) Structural barricades or low dams in a constructed low gradient channel or watercourse and located in the teedlotlon between the feedlot and the final basin. Where a settling basin is located within a feedlot, that area should not be included in computing the nun- ber of. animals the lot can handle. Where perforated risers are used to remove the liquid, they should be loosely wrapped with approximately 3 turns of poultry netting or hardware cloth or be surrounded by a layer of 3/4" gravel at least 2 feet thick. Poultry netting or hardware cloth must be replaced from time to time due to corrosion. All settling basins shall be provided with one foot of free- board above design water surface. Embankments shall have a minimum top width of 8 feet and side slopes no steeper than Sy e a4 BO=aT In order to reduce erosion, the slope length of the con- tributing area above a settling basin should not exceed 500 feet (unless the lot is paved). Terraces or diversions should be used to limit slope lengths. This is especially important on slopes of 10% or more. Detention Basins: These are designed to store the runoff from the contributing area until it can be disposed of by application to the land. In order to provide storage during winter months when the ground is frozen, the pond must be able to hold 6 inches of runoff from the contributing area. An exception to this would occur when it is possible to empty the pond within 10 - 15 days after a runoff occurence. In this’ event, it must. have.capacity, for the runoff from a 10 year, 24 hour storm with RCN = 90. Since in many instances a detention basin will function partly as an anaerobic waste stabilization pond, provisions shouldgbe madeiformeleansoul...wedt.a drarline ss to pesiiscd, the top width ofthe pond sshould not +exceed .70 feet... It may be possible to pump much of the sludge out in suspen- Sion, in which case the shape of the pond is not critical. The detention basin--as well as the settling basin--should be located adjacent to or near the contributing area, pre- ferably downgrade so that gravity flow may be utilized. Where this is not possible, a properly designed sump and pumping equipment may be used. Pumping and associated equip- ment should be constructed of corrosion resistant material. The basin shall be located as far from the farm residence as possible (300 feet minimum recommended) and farther (} mile or more recommended) from residences on neighboring properties. It should also be located so that summer pre- vailing winds will carry odors away from residences. An elevation difference of at least 2.5 feet shall be pro- vided between the maximum design pool level and the top of any dike or embankment around the basin. An emergency spill- way at least 10 feet wide and at least 1 foot above maximun design pool level shall be provided. No mechanical snillwov will be provided unless the owner has permission in writing from the Michigan Water Resources Commission to release flow into surface waters. (a) L —~ Cc 3-70 DUT All criteria for the design of pits, dikes, embankments, mechanical spillways (where permitted by W. R. C.) and vege- tative spillways shall be in accordance with Michigan Engi- neering Standard and Specification 378 Farm Pond. Preference should be given to 3:1 slopes (or flatter) for areas which must be mowed. Inlet structures to the basin must be provided for erosion control. Provision shall be made to keep bedding, oil, and other floating material out of the basin. Facilities for the evacuation of the detention basin will be provided to deliver the liquids to the spreading area. The evacuation of the pond will require the use of a pump (with adequate capacity against the required pumping head), pipe line and irrigation type sprinkler head(s). Selection of this equipment should be according to manufacturers recom- mendations recognizing the presence of solids in the liquids and the corrosive nature of the liquids. Disposal Lagoons (Waste Stabilization Ponds): A sufficient water supply shall be available to fill the pond with water to the minimum depth before waste material is admitted. If the first loading occurs during the summer, it shall be gradual. If itsis; during the: winter, the initial loading; rate is not so important as reaction will be slight before warm veather occurs. Daily loadings, result.in the best, operations, Provisions shall be made to keep bedding material, straw, oil, and other floating material out of the pond. Gravity inlets. to the pond should be a pipe which shall be at least 6 inches in diameter and shall discharge an appre- ciable distance out in the pond at an elevation above design pool level. The pipe shall have a slope of 1% or more (or a flow velocity of 3.0 fps or more) and shall have a tight stopper or flap gate at the upstream end to allow liquids to be flushed through rapidly and prevent ice build-up during the winter. All gravity flow pipes shall be installed so that they may be rodded and cleaned. Where waste water is pumped, into the pond, the inlet may discharge below design pool level if the flow velocity is 3 feet per second or more. 5 ON Outlets (where permitted by W. R. C.) shall remove liquids from the pond at a point away from the edge of the pool and far enough below the surface to prevent freezing. The location of inlet and outlet pipes must be considered care- fully to prevent direct flow between them. All other features of lagoons shall be constructed in the manner described for detention basins. (1) (2) Aerobic Waste Stabilization Ponds oiuce aerobic> type ponds are -relatively, odor-free, they are useful in, more=heavily {populated -areas te However, to function properly, they must be regulated so that the liquid depth is always. between evand"5 feet. It is often necessary to add water for this purpose so that a sufficient water supply must be available. The bottom of the pond must be essentially level to avoid deep areas which will become anaerobic. Aerobic ponds have a further limitation in that they require a large surface area. This area will equal or exceed that required using Table 1. The minimum vol- ume between the maximum and minimum depth must be equal to 6 inches of runoff from the contributing area. The use of aerating equipment to maintain aerobic con- ditions may be possible but is usually quite costly. Anaerobic Waste Stabilization Ponds Anaerobic waste stabilization ponds will be septic and will give off odors. They should be located away from residences inthe manner indicated for detention basins. Water depth for anaerobic ponds shall be a minimum of 6 feet. A sufficient water supply must be available so that water may be added to maintain this depth. The total volume between the minimum level and the maximum design pool shall be six+inches*ofirunoir from the contributing area. The minimum surface area for anaerobic stabilization ponds will be that computed by use of Table l. 3-70 10 3-70 50-W d. Final Waste Disposal (Land Application): (1) (2) (3) Spreading Areas Solid waste spreading areas and liquid spreading areas should be at locations sufficiently distant from streams and watercourses to prevent contamination of runoff. Spreading areas which may contribute to groundwater pol- lution must be avoided. Solid Waste Disposal Solid waste (manure) from the feetlot may be hauled and spread in the conventional manner during appropriate seasons of the year. Spreading on frozen ground must be avoided as thawing may result in highly polluted runoff. Storage of solid wastes shall be in sucha manner and location that polluted runoff water will not leave the storage site. Application to a field with heavy vegetation or plowing or discing soon after application will reduce the pos- sibility ofepokluted runoff. Liquid Waste Disposal Liquid wastes may be applied to the land with hauling and spreading equipment or spray (sprinkler) irrigation equipment. Disposal by hauling and spreading, because of its high labor demands, is generally limited.to,slurries of wastes. Also since the storage of these often produces some anaerobic action, the spreading of this material wil often preduce.considerable offensive odor in the vicinity. -For these: reasons this method will usually be limited to situations where neighboring residences ares notsclosestosrields where ithesspreading will be done’. Disposal by spray irrigation equipment has a lower labor requirement but also has the following limitations: (a) Application rate - since waste water must often be applied when the soil is at or above field cavacity (b) oye fo) 6 vias and witnout producing puddling or runoff, the usual irrigation water application rates generally should not be used. For this purpose, the appli- cation rate should be based on the permeability of the most restrictive portion of the soil profile unless the irrigation application rate is less. Values for soil permeability may be those shown in the Michigan Engineering Interpretation sheets for soils. Preference should be given to the lower values of these estimates unless site investiga- tions demonstrate that the soil has a higher permeability. While sandy soils may permit a higher application rate, their ability to remove objectionable nutri- ents from waste water is appreciably less than thatrofiheavierssoilsyieThus,ccarevshould be taken to avoid adding polluted water to the groundwater on a sandy site. Requirements of disposal area - waste water may be used for irrigation purposes with proper dilu- tion to avoid "burning" of crop foliage. Often, however, this type of disposal will-require a designated area to which water may be applied irrespective of crop®’neéds. Such anrarea\will generally be oneutomtwo. times (the isi ze rot ithe tcon- tributing (feedlot) area. It should be kept in permanent grass with the recognition that its use as pasture or hay is unreliable“ from=time to time this area should be relocated so that the nutrients accumulated in the soil can be removed by cropping. Requirements of spray irrigation equipment - while diluted waste water will so through standard irrigation equipment, that which contains appre- cCiable solids "requires equipment with special characteristics. Among these are pumps and sprin- kler heads which will handle solids. This may involve the "renoval “of \sereens “fins ytetc.. which the solids may clog. Also all equiy::cnt must be sufficiently resistant to the corrosive action of the waste water to insure an econonical length of Lites 3-70 s1Oy ne Waste water with less than 8% solids can usually be handled in the same manner as clean water. For higher solid contents, special provisions for higher friction losses must be made. It. is highly desirable to flush the irrigation equipment and to wash polluted water off vegetation with clean water after each application. MICHIGAN ENGINEERING SPECIFICATIONS Applicable Michigan Engineering Practice Specifications will apply to components of the waste disposal system. All construction materials exposed to farm effluents shall be corrosion resistant. 3-70 5O=Z 13 ‘TeoTqyoeid pateptsuos aq ptnom 4ey4 SSUTPEOT SutTyoeordde suolie{T[Teqysut PLOT UP PeaAtesqo ssopo eTqeuoTyoafqo AToamar4xa JO ssneosq payqtwo usesa Sty eNTeA STU, [Ee Diigeje, isle Saog spunod 02° JO enTea @ asn sadUatarar ouog ‘a8emos ueumy JO an~Tea peydeooe ATTezseuay *al0e sdetIns sad Saog JO spunod QOOST JO Sutpeot aetaesstuzed © uo posed a a IE €xTO0'O wayoTUD 4000°0 0Z0°O cf "0 Ou 30H 9000°0 G20°0 Cia G Gy’? daays LE00°O BOO 6i°a eo. Keke) 9Z00°0 G2T°O 76°T 4° TT asIOH Teutuy pepusmuodeq 40U OTO"O [26 a wey (sary) (sezoy) T_oTqo.reeuy | otgosey | ket /Sa08 qusTeA Taby WL 34STH Teutuy Jeq eerly soejing umututy spunog uotTyetndog SHLSVM FO NOILVZITIGVLS HUNSSV TIIM LVHL SALVE ONIGVOT WIGVMOTTV T eTQe@L 3-79 Sl. C. F. Lindholm MR. STEIN: Any comments or questions on Mr. Lindholm's statement? Mr. Mayo. MR. MAYO: I understand, Mr. Lindholm, that the ASCS program beginning in fiscal 1970 provides for some enlarged consideration of water pollution control activities. Could you give us just some general idea of how significantly enlarged this activity is going to be? MR. LINDHOLM: This pertains to farm wastes, of course, which I have noted here in this report. This is more or less of a pilot project at the present time, at least in the State of Wisconsin. There are selected areas in which there will be consideration for the reduc- tion control of farm wastes pollution and these will take the form, particularly around the barnyards, the farm lots, feedlots, in which practices will be installed to control this erosion, control the pollutants. In some cases, of course, water will be diverted from the lots and feed yards; in other cases, I am sure, there will be lagoons, there will be a settling basin, collection basin for some of these wastes on particular farms, and that is the type of activity that is concerned here with the ASCS De C.-.F. Lindholm and technical assistance of the Soil Conservation Service. Now, the engineering standards have been developed in Michigan and it is expected that the engi- neering standards in Wisconsin will be developed very shortly, within the next two to three weeks, and of course this is a cooperative program in Wisconsin with the University of Wisconsin. © MR. MAYO: It is my understanding that each State ASCS committee has developed a handbook of prac- tices in which it will share the cost under the ASCS program, and that these handbooks are reviewed annually for the purpose of amending or updating or adding prac- tices. I am wondering if any deliberate effort has been made so far by the States in the Lake Michigan Basin to get an input to the definition of these practices from the State water pollution control agencies. MR. LINDHOLM: I am sorry, I am not able to answer that question. As far as the State of Wisconsin is concerned, no, I don't think that we have. Unless somebody else has an answer here, I-- MR. FRANGOS: Mr. Chairman, yes. 33 C. F. Lindholm MR. STEIN: Mr. Frangos. MR. FRANGOS: We have been meeting with the agricultural people and have a representative of our agency on their committee in developing the criteria for these practices, so we are moving into this area as a new one, MR. MAYO: Have any of the other conferees had an opportunity to have an impact on the definition of these practices? MR. PURDY: Mr. Chairman. MR. STEIN: . Yes. MR. PURDY: Michigan has a member of their staff that meets with the Soil Conservation Commission at each of their meetings, we have a representative at all of their commission meetings. MR. MAYO: I raise the point because I think we have here,through the ASCS program,an excellent opportunity for the States and other Federal agencies lj\aeto have ansimpact on, defining those on-the-farm practices that can be worked with to bring about water quality improvement, 2 ) provide to the ASCS program a rather substantial background of expertise, and 3) alsoj|to 54 Gist ss MnO Om have the opportunity to coordinate beyond existing water pollution abatement programs in the individual States with the day-to-day on-the-farm practices in which the Department of Agriculture plays such a major role. I would certainly recommend to the conferees that we make a deliberate effort to collectively review the ASCS handbooks for the four States, that have been developed for fiscal 1970. Also to collectively examine the opportunities for making some specific recommenda- tions on the kinds of on-the-farm practices,which the Department of Agriculture might reasonably share in the ec this would help us bring about some inroads into the yet- notrvadequately explored program of controlling water pol- lution from agricultural practices. MR. LINDHOLM: I am sure we would be very happy to cooperate with each and every agency that may be involved and would like to get involved in pollution control with the on-land practices of the individual farms as well as other areas. MR. STEIN: Mr. Lindholm, I don't want to stop anything in the bud, because I think your statement has been one of the best I have heard from an agricultural 2, C. F. Lindholm source... But I notice "cooperation" sounds good. It is not for lack of want of these conferees trying to get at the agricultural problem, we just have not been able to get any response where we could get a project we could deal with from agricultural wastes or an | evaluation of the wastes where we could cut them down. You say you don't have enforcement authority. The States “represented here “and we"do.' And the point is, if you can say that your soil conservation projects can : reduce wastes and we can put a time schedule on these fo) determine in relation #0 the costs what they are going to reduce, this is precisely what we have been looking for. We have tried over and over again to find out how | much or the quantity of phosphates or nitrates put on ja ground in the Lake Michigan Basin. We haven't been able to get anything that we can put our fingers on to know what we are cOnet aPTONe or what we can possibly do. I would hope that the conferees would cooperate with you. But if we are going to make this meaning- 481 Wi ber we must come up with more than glittering generalities. We must come forward with a program that has specific projects and discover where we 56 C. F. Lindholm are going to reduce pollution from agricultural sources. So far I don't think this is much of an opening sequence. This has been our weakest area of control. MR. LINDHOLM: Well, I am sure we recognize this too, Mr. Chairman, and I am sure there are many possibilities of getting together and coming up with some recommendations as far as things to do in order to reduce this pollution. | MR. STEIN: Governor. GOVERNOR KNOWLES: Mr. Stein, we have had a presentation and a study before our Natural Resources Council of State agencies which was presented by Profes- sor Beatty of the University of Wisconsin. He did make some specific recommendations. He certainly dealt with the entire problem and the magnitude insofar as it affects our particular State. If the conferees are interested, I think we could have him come over tomorrow and make his slide presentation. It is, about.20 minutes; -it.is very interesting, and he does come up with some specific recommendations. MR. STEIN: I think we would be delighted to ais C.., Fi... Lindholm have it, Governor, if we might, because that is what we are really groping for and looking for. Thank you, Mr. Lindholm. MR. LINDHOLM:....Thank -y-ou,. MR. STEIN: May we take a 10-minute recess. (RECESS ) MR. STEIN: Let's reconvene. We stand reconvened. I guess it is like being back in Washington. I did introduce a representative of Senator Percy, but I didn't have full information at the time. At this time I would like to take the oppor- tunity of introducing Mr. Al White of Senator Smith's office. Mr. White, thank you very much. At least we proceeded in the order of seniority, I guess. (Laughter. (Off the record.) MR. STEIN: May we go back on the record. Mr. Mayo. MR. MAYO: The next Federal agency presenta- tion will be given by Colonel Stewart, the Chicago District Engineer of the U. S. Army Corps of Engineers. Co Bs we GS Stewart COLONEL WILLIAM G. STEWART CHICAGO DISTRICT ENGINEER U. S. ARMY CORPS OF ENGINEERS CHICAGO, ILLINOIS COLONEL STEWART: Chairman Stein, Governor Knowles, Governor Ogilvie, ladies and gentlemen. It is a pleasure to be here in response to your invitation to report to you on what the Army Corps of Engineers has done during the past year to develop methods of disposal of dredgings containing pollutants. As you will recall, Recommendation No. 11 of the report of the first enforcement conference convened in 1968 states: "The prohibition of the dumping of pol- luted material into Lake Michigan is to be accomplished as soon as possible. The Corps of Engineers and the States are requested to report to the conferees within six months concerning their program, at which time the conferees will consider adopting a coordi- nated approach toward the disposal of dredged material together with a target date for Col. W. G. Stewart getting the program into operation." I believe that those of you who were here at the second enforcement conference last year will recall that General Robert M. Tarbox told of our program for research and experimentation and also of our plans for disposal of dredgings from Lake Michigan harbors during 1969. This morning I will briefly discuss our research program and report on the progress we have made during the past year. In 1966, we requested funds to build diked enclosures at the 15 most polluted harbors on the Great Lakes of such capacity so as to hold deposits for the ensuing ten years. The Lake Michigan harbors in this group are designatedon this slide,which I find rather difficult to see from here, by red marks, Green Bay, Milwaukee, Grand Haven, and the harbors around Chicago. However, at that time there was no evidence to show the dollar benefits which would result to justify the high costs involved. Before asking the taxpayers to shoulder such a financial burden for this program, the Bureau of the Budget asked the Corps, in cooperation with the Federal Water Pollution Control Administration ana Col. W. G. Stewart other agencies, to conduct an investigation into the whole dredgings disposal problem on the lakes. This study, which is called the Pilot Program for Determining Alternate Methods of Disposal of Polluted Dredgings--it is bound to have a shorter title some way or other--has taken about two years and has cost over $8 million to date. The Great Lakes Regional Office of the Federal Water Pollution Control Administration worked with us on the study. An independent Board of Consultants, each very well known in his discipline, was engaged to help develop. a plan of study, to apply and study new approaches to the problems involved, and to evaluate the results. They took many field inspection trips, conferred frequently with those directing the study, and significantly influenced the direction and scope of the investigations. The program included extensive sampling studies, conducted principally by FWPCA, but with some substantial help by the Engineer Districts. Dredged materials were sampled, as were the waters in the harbors where dredging takes place. in the open-lake areas where it is deposited, 61 Col. W. G. Stewart and in disposal areas of various kinds on shore, along shore and off shore. Samples were analyzed for physical characteristics, chemical content, toxic or other effects on plants, animal life and water quality, and as to appearance and odor. In addition, under contract with the University of Wisconsin, functional studies were made to determine the effect of dredgings on the ecology of the lake disposal areas. Our Engineer Districts located possible sites near harbors with polluted sediments where diked enclo- sures might be built to receive dredgings; studied the possible use of such filled areas, along with the cost of their development; developed techniques for transferring the dredgings into enclosures constructed for this pur- pose in Cleveland and Buffalo harbors; and devisea and used methods of placing the material in lake disposal wileali so as to reduce adverse effects on the lake water quality. The Pilot Program report has been completed and has been reviewed by the Bureau of the Budget. The Sec- retary of the Army, in forwarding the report, recommended legislation which would "provide for construction of 62 Col. W. G. Stewart contained dredge spoil disposal facilities for the Great Lakes and connecting channels, and for other purposes." A Washington level policy statement, giving the Administration proposals for solving the spoil disposal iproblem, is anticipated within the next few weeks. Until that statement is made, we are doing everything we can within the limits of our current authority and resources to minimize the adverse effects of our dredging opera- tions. In this respect I will show you figures comparing actual dredging experience in calendar year 1969 with our program for 1970. The information on these following slides will be available in the handout later. This slide summarizes the actual dredgings done in 1969. The first column shows the cubic yards of unpolluted material placed in the open lake. The next two columns concern polluted dredgings and show the amounts placed in confined disposal areas in the middle column and in the open lake on the right. You will note that of the total 2-1/2 million cubic yards dredged, most was defined as unpolluted, 71 percent. Of the polluted material somethin over about 60 percent went to the lake. ao a This next slide shows the corresponding figures programmed for this year. This is the program laid out in order to accomplish the dredging which must be accom- plished in order to maintain the project depths in the various harbors around the lake. About the same amount of unpolluted dredging is planned for open lake disposal as we had last year. This year there is much more material classified as polluted. This is caused partly by the postponement of some dredging last year and partly| by a reevaluation of the material by FWPCA. We also have a very significant new work dredging program which involves some of this in Green Bay. However, most of the polluted material is planned for confined disposal areas, over half of it. This next slide summarizes the percentages for polluted dredgings only and it shows that in 1969 we put 41 percent in confined areas and 59 percent in the open lake, whereas our program this year involves 87.9 percent in confined areas and 12.1 in the lake. The total volume, of course, is much greater. It has gone from 700,000 cubic yards to 2-1/2 million. Nevertheless, even though it has a threefold increase in the amount of polluted 3 Col. W. G. Stewart | H | | { | | | | | | | | Col. W. G. Stewart material, the cubic yards planned for the lake is actually about three-quarters of that for last year. Well, in spite of that improvement there still exist many areas where polluted bottom materials must be dredged if the harbor is to be kept operating and where | dike disposal areas are not at this time available. Between now and the time such areas are available we are faced with the choice in those locations of disposing of polluted dredged spoil in the lakes or of not dredging at all. It is our intention to formally notify the Governor of each State bordering on the Great Lakes of the scheduled dredging which will be required this year to maintain the federally-authorized channels and harbors in his State. We will indicate that such dredging will interest is better served by foregoing the dredging. be carried out unless the State informs us that the me Towards this end we will now outline the dredg- | ing which should be done in Lake Michigan during this calendar year to maintain suitable depths in federally- authorized navigation projects. This slide shows the program for Wisconsin harbors in 1970. Most of the dredging shown in Green Bay 65 Col. W. G. Stewart is new work involved in deepening the entrance channel. In Manitowoc the harbor is not polluted but the river is, where we show some of each. Similarly, in Sturgeon Bay | the outer harbor is not polluted but the inner channel is | so classified. You will note that in several harbors the dredgings are classified as polluted but no confined dis- | posal areas are now available. This slide shows the same thing for Michigan | harbors on Lake Michigan. Where both polluted and unpol- generally not polluted while the river, turning basins, | and sometimes the inner harbor are. Most of the material | in the Lake Michigan harbors in Michigan which are | | | luted amounts appear the outer parts of the harbor are | | Pacers for dredging this year, as you can see, are not| | ponaced | | There is similar information for Illinois and | Indiana. Here the only open lake dumping of polluted material which would be in the program would be for Waukegan. This slide also shows the totals for all Lake Michigan States. These figures all appeared on the earlier slides that we had as well. The next slides show by harbor the actual 66 CoOlAWWALS G.UStTeware quantities of polluted dredging performed during 1969 and the method of disposal, whether confined or open lake,and | for comparison the estimated quantities of similar dredg- ing and disposal methods programmed in 1970. polluted material. The left two columns compare the | This shows those Wisconsin harbors which have | amounts of polluted materials placed in confined disposal | areas in the two years, that is were in 1969 and the amount planned in 1970. The last two columns compare the open disposal for the two years. Similar information is shown here for Illinois and Indiana. Finally we have the same data for Michigan. At the bottom are°“the grand totals ‘for “all four The following slides show controlling water depths at low water for all project harbors on Lake | | | | States on Lake Michigan. | | | Michigan. This slide shows the Michigan harbors. The | | first column shows the project depths. These depths are : to be maintained by maintenance dredging. The second column shows the estimated controlling depths below low water for calendar year 1970 if no dredging is performed AVERIGE ANN’ AT LAK BASIN YIELD ALONG MAJOR TAIBUTARIES TONS PER YEAR O0-10P00 WO00-300C0 30000-00000 100000-250000 250000 + 7 L3 ig U. S. DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE SOIL CONSERVATION SERVICE Date Designed WSPF RB Stott 3-70 Gate Lansing, Michigan BODE OVOE WY iiss ics ethan wha i ee iat Yi i eye es w+ 2 sora tn Tile = Se eee ee Traced Sheet | Orawing No. Checked nr ee ee 67 Col. W. G. Stewart this season. This is an estimate. Actual depths may be | | about two feet above that because we expect the lake to | H perhaps be something like two feet above the low water this year. Some harbors are relatively unaffected this year while others will have their depth cut in half. And |! those where the drastic change occurs are largely caused | by sand bars across the entrance of the harbor. | We are unable to estimate exactly what the difference between low water and actual water would be | next year, but the column on the right shows what the ‘impact would be below low water if dredging were again ideferred this year and next year. This slide shows the same depths for Wisconsin harbors. AWomgine yell linois and Indiana Harbors. Now, for those who are interested, I would be glad to discuss Vater™any specifiiceharbor on the lake “with you. We have more detailed information and some | | | lestimates of the economic impact of not dredging any of | | /those specific harbors, including what type of shipping t ) comes in there in most cases and which type of shipping will be affected by a failure to dredge this year or next | Codewal2 Gd Stewart Copies of these slides, as I mentioned, anda ie copies of the brochure summarizing the Pilot Study \ canager on Dredging will be available near the door as | i you go out. | (Which said slides and brochure will be on file | | at the Great Lakes Regional Office, FWPCA, Chicago.) | Stewart for inchbusion in the record) (The following exhibits were submitted by Col. | | | | 68 69 DREDGING AND DISPOSAL LAKE MICHIGAN CALENDAR YEAR 1969 (ACTUAL) QUANTITIES (CUBIC YARDS) UNPOLLUTED POLLUTED OPEN LAKE CONFINED OPEN LAKE 204 PROJECTS LE, 463,68 2 1. SEE ROUECTS PMS) Bho ISIS} D2AP.ROTECTS [alodial sy 9) va! TOTAL Ae LOMO oe: PRS) Bh FPS: LER 2 Sv Tra! GRAND TOTAL Pepperdine) % \oLEVTo tals VO) 9 13S TO 2 7. 292 (Dredgqingwperformed at 25 harbors - of which 9 -contain both7polMted and unpolluted material.) CALENDAR YEAR 1970 (PROGRAMMED) QUANTITIES (CUBIC YARDS) UNPOLLUTED POLLUTED OPEN LAKE CONFINED OPEN LAKE Qe RO Cus AL A t81 SHO) 5 'SiO)@) 9 PROJECTS DFS OF OOlO Pie ROLES em OO OSA 133 0510.0 Zee SOR B22, OOO GRAND TOTAL 47°48 27 500 Seon Lotars A209 Sie 0) Thane (Dredging programmed at 30 harbors - of which 11 contain both polluted and unpolluted material.) PERCENTAGES OF POLLUTED DREDGINGS CONFINED OPEN LAKE TOPATCCUR Vibe CY 1969 (ACTUAL) 40.89% 5 OFS Ff Abts} 4 SMO) 7 CY 1970 (PROGRAMMED) 87.9% LZ Ls 2 O32. ,0 0:0 DISPOSAL OF DREDGING LAKE MICHIGAN HARBORS CALENDAR YEAR 1970 (PROGRAMMED) ESTIMATED QUANTITIES (CUBIC YARDS) WISCONSIN UNPOLLUTED POLLUTED PROJECTS OPEN | LAKE CONFINED OPEN LAKE Green Bay Harbor Outer Channel L000, 000 Inner Channel 1,400,000 Kenosha Harbor 307, OOO Kewaunee Harbor 3:0) pQ'0 © Manitowoc Harbor Outer & Inner Harbor 40,000 River 20,000 Milwaukee Harbor 5070100 Port Washington Harbor 12 OO Racine Harbor 30,000 Sheboygan Harbor hey OL OK Sturgeon saay Outer Harbor 10,000 Inner Channel 30,000 Two Rivers Harbor Outer Harbor 20, UOC TOTALS Ly, Osh 20 U AOD Owe 205,000 MICHIGAN PROJECTS Charlee voi xenacbor FrankLonmtrharbor Outer Channel Tne ss oS. Grand Haven Harbor Outer Channel Inner Channel River Channel Grays Reef Passage Holland Harbor Upper Channel Entrance Channel Deland Harbor . Ludington Harbor Manistee Harbor Muskegon Harbor Pentwater Harbor Portage Lake Harbor Saugatuck Harbor South Haven Harbor Outer Channel Turning sb asin Joseph Harbor Entrance Channel Upper Channel White Lake Harbor St. TOTALS (MICHIGAN) (ea DISPOSAL OF DREDGING LAKE MICHIGAN HARBORS CALENDAR YEAR 1970 (PROGRAMMED) EoTIMATED OUANTITIES (CUBEC YARDS) UNPOLLUTED OPEN LAKE 20,000 28,000 50,000 500 50,000 23,000 55,000 Gopeos 100,000 50,000 40,000 55,000 67,000 50,000 507,000 698,500 POLLULED CONFINED OPEN LAKE 12, coo 50,000 40,000 50,000 3,000 327000 90,000 97,000 ( DISPOSAL OF DREDGING LAKE MICHIGAN HARBORS CALENDAR YEAR 1970 (PROGRAMMED) ESTIMATED QUANTITIES (CUBIC YARDS) UNPOLLUTED POLLUTED OPEN LAKE CONFINED OPEN LAKE ILLINOIS AND INDIANA EP ROUECGES JED ins ILI CO)AL s ChicagopeRiver ESO7, 00D Waukegan Harbor Entrance Channel 207,000 Inner Channel 20,000 TOTAL (ILLINOIS) 207,000 180,000 20,000 ILLINOIS & INDIANA Calumet tarboi & Rivet 200,000 INDIANA Indiana Harbor 200,000 Michigan City Harbor Upper River 10,000 Outer Harbor 40,000 TOTAL (INDIANA) 40,000 2105006 GRAND TOTAL 4,482,500 % of£nTotals 40.9 5 2.8 Pek Polluted Dredging 277Oo 2000 % of Polluted Dredging Seino LEA es A WISCONSIN PROWE ELS Green Bay - NW Green Bay - O&M Kenosha Harbor Kewaunee Harbor Manitowoc Milwaukee Harbor Racine Harbor SD ebioy dane ne b miaens StuLge Onmoay — leminens TwovhOvers "— “Inner TOTAL (WISCONSIN) ILLINOIS AND INDIANA PROJECTS TLELNOLS Chicago River Waukegan - Inner ILLINOIS & INDIANA Calumet Harbor INDIANA Indiana Harbor DREDGING AND DISPOSAL POLLUTED MATERIAL LAKE MICHIGAN HARBORS 2969 ACTUAL Mpenqane’cyty - Upper River TOTAL (LLL. “& IND.) CONE INED 1969 19:70 ACTUAT, PROGRAMMED 180,000 182,359 200,000 200,000 10,000 182,359 590,000 ie) QUANTITIES (CUBIC YARDS) CONFINED 1970 PROGRAMMED 1,400,000 200,000 Z.07,,0'0'0 4 30,000 1,650,000 1369 ACTUAL 5,000 Oi pe Seles ate rye ls.) 60,500 43,825 62,025 308,675 OPEN LAKE IRS 70, PROGRAMMED 30,000 30,000 40,000 50,000 237 O00 30.,000 4,000 205 ,000 QUANTITIES (CUBIC YARDS) 1969 ACTUAL 13,400 13,400 OPEN LAKE ILS) 7/10) PROGRAMMED 20,000 20,000 MICHIGAN PROJECTS Frankfort Harbor = Inner Grand Haven - Inner Grand Haven - River Holland - Upper South Haven - Inner TOTAL (MICHIGAN) GRAND TOTALS DREDGING AND DISPOSAL POLLUTED MATERIAL LAKE MICHIGAN HARBORS 7h QUANTITIES (CUBIC YARDS) CONFINED 1969 L970 ACTUAL PROGRAMMED 68,819 40,000 CAPs oe Mabe) 50,000 121,274 90,000 293% 13:3 2759 507,000 B69 ACTUAL 6,099 50,000 1,400 57,4899 424,574 OPEN LAKE TOO PROGRAMMED 12,000 50,000 3,000 65,000 3227000 (és. ANTICIPATED SHOALING - LAKE MICHIGAN CONTROLLING DEPTH (FEET PROJECT DEPTH BELOW LWD) IF NO DREDGING HARBOR (FEET BELOW IWD) IS PERFORMED 1970 1971 MICHIGAN Charlevoix Harbor 18 18 sag Frankfort Harbor 22 20 19 Grand Haven Harbor aa 2055 20 Grays Reef Passage SS 25 25 Holland Harbor 21 16 14 Leland Harbor 10 9 8 Ludington Harbor 18 18 18 Manistee Harbor 23 19 18 Muskegon Harbor eT. 23 21: Pentwater Harbor 16 8 5.5 Portage Lake Harbor 18 9 Ws Saugatuck Harbor 16 8 6 South Haven Harbor ak 18 15 St. Joseph Harbor al 20 1835 White Lake Harbor 16 15 13.5 WISCONSIN Green Bay Harbor 2h aS) 20 Kenosna Harvor 20 23 2st Kewaunee Harbor 20 18 17 Manitowoc Harbor el 19 Ly Milwaukee Harbor Aaib ate 15 Port Washington Harbor 72411 ah il Racine Harbor zak TO) ong Sheboygan Harbor 25 23 2a Sturgeon Bay "23 eae 20 Two Rivers Harbor 18 4 13 ILLINOIS Calumet Harbor & River Ca ey eS Chicago River fast ine Lee) Waukegan Harbor 22 19 19 IND TANA Indiana Harbor 22 16 14 Michigan City Harbor 18 16 14 | | | | | questions. | questrons? MR. MR. MR. MR. - | close to the STEIN: POOLE: STEIN: POOLE: ee ee OREN ee, | Ne GOlS. Wi. iG co GeWwelle iz Mics ries Yes. Colonel Stewart, since I amunot door, could you make copies of these avail- ‘able to the conferees? COLONEL STEWART: Yes, sir. MR. MR. MR. MR. MR. POOLE: SE Bites Pi Dye: STEIN: PURDY: Thank you. Are there any other comments or I have a question, Mr. Stein... Yes auirae Peed yy. Colonel Stewart, along the eastern shore of Lake Michigan or western shore of Michigan we have some severe..erosion problems. Now, in jyour, say; | disposal of clean dredgings, have you made provisions to place some of the clean sand along some of the sand- starved beaches? COLONEL STEWART: «I don taknow of say programein that regard. District. I don't have a program on the west shore to do This may have been done in the Detroit Let's see if the conferees have any | | {Gls Col. W. G. Stewart that at thisytimesthat Luknow of. COLONEL WHITE: I can answer that. We do case, we are working with the State. MR. STEIN: Why don't you identify yourself. COLONEL WHITE: Colonel White, the Detroit Districts We have a program working with Mr. Purdy's people to determine whether it is publicly and locally acceptable, primarily in St. Joe and South Haven right now. MR. PURDY: My point here is that there are some oe in, say, keeping some of the clean sand in the lake and not disposing this on the land. COLONEL WHITE: This would be the clean sand that forms in the outer harbor aa Colonel Stewart spoke of and this would be used for beach nourishment. MR iMPUBRDYiie Yess Mr. Stein, I have a question of the FWPCA. I think I raised it a year ago along this line. Frequently} the FWPCA asks for an opportunity to share in the deci- sions of the State. In this case I would like to ask the opportunity to share in the decisions of the FWPCA on the | | | | { i | | COs We Use a Ge Wel determination of polluted and nonpolluted dredgings wtthin the harbor. | MR. STEIN: Do you want to answer that? MR. MAYO?’ “There Wil? be no problem in making those “arrangements, Mr. Purdy. MR. cae Ne We said that-- MR. MAYO: We will do that with each of the conferees. MR. STEIN: We said that a couple of years ago. I want to be sure that this is done: nat ic, before the Department of the Interior gives its judg- ment ‘on whether particular dredgings are polluted dredgings or not that we get the opinion of the State. And, I can visualize no reason why the State representa- tives, i. they wish, snouldsnot «G16CUs smacl) bom. nec, with us and tne Corosmpeoo le. alii) Gmc O emt Undseross information we just have to get, and we agreed that the | States would be consulted on this when we set this pro- | gram up. NowW,, 1f Unis = isn ct, workin epeeccemiomneagcn why it shouldn't be made to operate forthwith. MR. KOASSEN: “Mr. Steins MR ono LNs Yes. | Engineers; they can overrule either FWPCA or a State. Is Col. W. G. Stewart MR. KLASSEN: Could I ask the Colonel a ques- tion? The Memorandum of Agreement between the Army Engineers or the War Department and the Department of ef! Interior that was signed during the last Administration, is this still in effect? COLONEL STEWART: Yes, it is. MR. KLASSEN: And the final decision, however, as I recall the memorandum, rests with the Corps of Cites cli correc: COLONEL STEWART: Well, I am not sure that I will agree with that. MR’. KLASSEN: ‘I think that is if-- MR. STEIN: Mr. Klassen, let me try this. I think the statutory authority rests with the Corps of Engineers, not with the FWPCA or a State, and this is where the Congress has placed the statutory authority for this job on navigable waters. Now, what the Corps is doing is consulting with us, but this isn't a question 'of a veto. This is where this lies. | Now, as far as that agreement is concerned, I | Col. W. G. Stewart think the work under that has largely been done, as |Colonel Stewart indicated in his report. Again, I l think within a few weeks we hope that this will be sup- planted by a policy of this Administration on that deal | ing with the Department of the Interior and the Corps. COLONEL STEWART: That is correct. MR. STEIN: Thank you very much, Colonel. Thank you,,. Colonel. White. , Nice, to see you ag Mr. Mayo. MR. MAYO: The next presentation will be a 'report from the Pesticides Committee established by the | conferees. The report will be given by Mr. Carlos Fetterolf, the Michigan member on the committee. CARLOS FETTEROLF AQUATIC BIOLOGIST MICHIGAN WATER RESOURCES COMMISSION LANSING, MICHIGAN MR. FETTEROLF: Chairman Stein, Governors Knowles and Ogilvie, conferees, ladies and gentlemen. I am Carlos Fetterolf, an aquatic biologist, supervisor of water quality appraisal for the Bureau of |CO ca a eS | ain. C. Fetterolf Water Management of the Michigan Department of Natural Resources. Dr. Donald Mount, Director of the FWPCA's Duluth National Water Quality Laboratory, is the chairman. of the Technical Committee on Pesticides which is advis- asked me as Michigan representative on the Technical ory to the Lake Michigan enforcement conference. He | | | Committee to present the committee report. Since this enforcement conference last convened in early 1969, the United States Food and Drug Administra- tion seized sizable shipments of coho salmon because of : excessive concentrations of DDT. This seizure demon-. strated the concern of Federal agencies in the public | | | | | | : ‘health aspects of pesticides contamination and emphasized. the importance of the pesticide problem in the Lake Michie gan Basin. Thus, the importance of monitoring pesticides and controlling their input to Lake Michigan assumed a | |new significance and, as a result, the Lake Michigan Pesticides Committee, without written instructions from the Lake Michigan enforcement conference, assumed the role of the Interstate Pesticides Committee as recommended in the report. The same representatives continued to serve on the committee in its new function and the i ) program and has completed nearly half as many analyses of samples as the rest of the agencies combined. In addition, the United States Department of Agriculture sent a representative to the May 1969 meeting and he dis-| /1,400 samples have been collected, of which some 900 have oa eae ear ray aa a ee ea es geen eae | | | { 82 C. Fetterolf committee has held four meetings since this conference ‘last convened. | | During the same period of time, WARF Institute, Inc., the Wisconsin Alumni Research Foundation, utilizing monies provided to it by the pesticide manufacturing | | | industry, became an active cooperator in the monitoring | | | I ( | i H | cussed with the committee the Department of Agriculture plan for completing an analytical survey of soils and an interview type inventory of pesticide formulators and manufacturers in the Lake Michigan Basin. Approximately . | been analyzed. The Department of Agriculture has provided | general statements regarding the results of their investit gations. In the summer of 1969 the States were granted | Federal monies to aid in initiating their monitoring programs. Unfortunately, the Federal assistance money to the States was not made available until October 1969 C. Fetterolf and as a result, only Wisconsin, which already had a monitoring program under way, and Indiana, which was assigned a small program, were able to complete a sub- stantial part of their monitoring programs. As of this date, it would appear that the full monitoring program should be under way during the spring and summer of 1970. The following brief and general conclusions eat be drawn concerning our present knowledge of the pesti- cide problem in Lake Michigan, utilizing as a basis the information collected principally by WARF Institute, Ines] the State of Wisconsin, the State of Indiana, and the Bureau of Commercial Fisheries at Ann Arbor, Michigan. 1. The concentration of DDT and its analogs int open lake water of Lake Michigan is nearly always less than 10 parts per trillion and is often less than 5 parts per trillion. The concentration of dieldrin is lake water is nearly always less than 5 parts per trillion and usually.less than 3 parts per trillion. To aid the public in comprehending the magni- | tude of this concentration, I would like to tell you that | a part per trillion is equivalent to one inch in thirty round trips to the moon. Biological magnification enables C. Fetterolf the fish to concentrate this infinitesimal amount a millionfold to 20 parts per million. | 2. The monitoring program to date has not | identified major sources of pesticides that could have | Oohiaenanees in a major way to the problem in Lake Michi- gan. A few small industrial dischargers have been identified during the year and according to the reports | 'of the States involved corrective action has been taken. 3. The concentrations of DDT in the Wisconsin and Indiana tributaries to Lake Michigan appear to be ‘generally less than 50 .parts per trillion, with some ‘exceptions. | 4. The concentration of DDT in fish flesh has ‘not changed perceptibly in the past five years and at ‘present is about five times higher than any of the other Bot iGreat Lakes. It is higher in fish from the southern basin ronan in thosé from the north basin of Lake Michigan. (See | eee es) | | | 5. There was no mass mortality of coho sac fry in Michigan hatcheries during the spring of 1969 as there | Ihad been in the spring of 1968, possibly due to revised hatchery operations. | 85 C. Fetterolf | 6. Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCB's), water | | | contaminants which act as a toxicant ina similar manner to the chlorinated hydrocarbon pesticides, have been reported in measurable quantities in the Lake Michigan system. They have probably confused some pesticide measurements, but certainly DDT and dieldrin remain a significant problem, even though the recent discovery of PCB contamination has clouded past analytical results ‘somewhat. | 7. The present contamination of Lake Michigan 'is apparently a result of one of two things: a) much | higher sources in previous years that are not presently general contamination of the entire basin because low | | | concentrations of DDT are still measurable in nearly all | tributaries. | 8. The use of DDT for Dutch Elm Disease control | | | | Fisheeais in similar volumes, or b) a result of the | | | | has been drastically reduced. This could have been a significant source of DDT in the past. The importance of this use should continue to diminish considerably in the future. 9. Clams, used as biological monitors in our C. Fetterolf programs, have accumulated concentrations of DDT in the water only in those cases where the water contained high concentrations of DDT. In low concentrations the clams were apparently not sensitive enough to detect such con- | centrations. The following needs have been identified by the! committee as being priority items for the coming year: 1. Complete one season of tributary sampling | as outlined by the Lake Michigan Pesticides Committee in the drainage area located in the State of Michigan. 2. Develop a mass balance for pesticide input | and output in Lake Michigan. | 3. Institute the weekly monitoring program at the Chicago water intake, in order that the trend of pesticide contamination in Lake Michigan can be estab- lished. 4, Make positive identifications of the pesti- cides found in the samples thus far collected through tne! use of infrared or mass spectrometry. 5. Determine the concentrations and sources | of polychlorinated biphenyls in Lake Michigan and also evaluate the effect of polychlorinated biphenyls on . C. Fetterolf t | ' | | | aquatic organisms. 6. Determine the pesticide contribution from ee -rain-out and stormwater runoff in the basin. 7. Determine the point sources of pesticide | contributions to the tributaries so that the present low-| level contamination in the tributaries can be reduced significantly. 8. A final conclusion program offers an excellent tool at early stages the input of new environmental contaminants, such hendoicides . Recognition of this va ' continuing funding of this progr | States high on any priority list of our developing environmental (Figure 1 referred to is that this monitoring for the States to detect. or as yet unrecognized as PCB's, mercury and lue and need should place, am by the FWPCA and the | if we are to keep abreast: | problems. | is as follows: ) 88 ee eed Siz @. Groups Isomers A=2-59" SS} pp DDE B=6-99" fs} pp ODT co C-%-%9! Co] pp DDD-+!- op DDT PIGHE “(Giovercuecieordverpic: aie) AhxGWeer nirerey as ielated to Region of Lake & gan Lake nn me re re re ner em ee a rn ake Ly , = ao Xd : x a 8 “A iL 1 MOBI GoM) Ge Raanian se teernree ea een Seen Nee “iS ron z non es Size fet pm KDLDSe ‘69 ) caer et eer a MR. STEIN: Are there any comments or questions? MR. KLASSEN: 89 C. Fetterolf Thank you. Just one, Mr. Chairman. I was interested in your comments on PCB because I think there is only one company in the United | States that makes it and it is, as you know, the primary ingredient in Aroclor, without which we would have no subways, electric transmissions, elevators and all that. And what I am wondering, in your study, did you differentiate between the presence of DDT and the | interference of PCB? didn't get this point. I think you mentioned this and I MR. FETTEROLF: In the past,analytical proce- dures have not generally differentiated between PCB's and. the chlorinated hydrocarbon pesticides. As soon as it was discovered in the last year or so that the PCB's interfered in the analytical procedures for chlorniated hydrocarbon insecticides there have been methods developed to separate these two laboratories involved forming these separations. MR. KLASSEN: components before analysis. All in this sort of work are now per- | | Were these separations included i C. Fetterolf in your study of DDT--or was the DDT content that you found in the lake actual DDT or could it have been PCB? MR. FETTEROLF: I would like to refer that question to John Carr or Donald Mount. Is John Carr here? | | | | | | | | MR. STEIN: Don? MR. FETTEROLF: Don? DR. MOUNT: My name is Donald Mount, FWPCA, Duluth, Minnesota. Most of the analyses that were made did not separate PCB's from DDT. However, the study performed | or the analyses performed by the Wisconsin Alumni Research : Foundation, WARF, Inc., I guess it is called now, did attempt to make this separation and did present results for each in their report to the committee and they are very uncertain at this time as to the validity of these | percentages, but it would appear that a significant | percentage, perhaps as much as 10 to 20 percent, might ; be PCB's rather than DDT. MR. STEIN: Don!t run off, Don. Stay up there. | | | | | Are there any more questions? | MR. KLASSEN: No, except, Mr. Chairman, this is mere C. Fetterolf we all recognize, quite an important phase of this whole DDT program, because I believe that the PCB that has been found in Lake Michigan--and incidentally in the Fiji | | ! | ecb where it comes from there nobody knows, but it | | | has been found there--is in a different form than that ! | | | which is manufactured. And I am glad to know that the | i | ; | committee recognizes some of these problems because this | is something that could alter the whole picture of the present DDT pesticide problem that apparently we are faced with. MR. FETTEROLF: Mr. Klassen. MR. KLASSEN: Yes. | MR. FETTEROLF: Quality control in this program, | | | has been of paramount concern to the committee. In one of our recommendations to the conferees we state that | | positive identification of the pesticides should be made | | through infrared spectometry and we are planning to send a certain portion of all the samples we take to.consult- | ling laboratories which have the capability to identify these materials exactly. I might also add that the Federal Water Pollu- | tion Control Administration has recognized this problem C PFPeCCerorr and has established a committee of laboratory experts whereby the States may send their analytical chemists and consult among themselves so that they can agree on stand- | ard methods for analyses of these materials. | MRS Oo LEON rn oe, we LOU mite c UmeGIT IS sm eb i ete I realize the difficulty of identifying these materials Th the minute amounts with which you are dealing. However, T might feel” a livttle= more: se'ctre if 2 didn ce read your re— sults that 1) you need another complete season of tribu- tary Sampling, 2) to develop a mass balance for pesticide H i | input and output in Lake Michigan, 3) to develop a moni- toring program at the Chicago water intake, and 4) make positive identification of pesticides. You can almost predict oné of these technical committees coming up with the’ notion’ that turtner? stuay or turtner=researcn «3s neevedt’ "Wer kNOW=VOU WLLL come Up wlol —Cnau. I am looking for something whereby we are com~ inge-Up WLen? POStulve FTeSUutcs ‘Or a conchuss on GALS rer. Aoeé parts’ per trill ron are sare or Chey are Noutsane mand | whether or not we’ have to do something’ about it2 “How long is 1t @0ing* to vare Ws" cosvecumcuian: DR. MOUNT: Mr. Chairman, I don't think there is any question that these are important. The FDA has seized 2) SE — > LN TM v3 C. Fetterolf | | salmon and I think that identifies it as a problem and something must be done about it. | MRy. SS TEIN«zyOwWelT Le think sos —ButVagainj“and “this is what I wanted to bring out, because the kind of “trace elements, even though they were indicated in parts | ees trillion, was certainly about the same that we had | problems with on the lower Mississippi, as you recall, Dr. Mount, and presumably even though they are in parts | per trillion the fish can concentrate them and we have | problems here. | So you would say we do have a pesticide problem in Lake Michigan as a pollution problem and these pesti- cides must be controlled, is that correct? | DR SSMOUNT S4 “Ye's)’}> -sBr’. MR. STEIN: What pesticides do you think are too high? Would you name them? DR. MOUNT: DDT is clearly one so far and | dieldrin is a probability. MR. STEIN: Right. Thank you. YEm Pisin. MR. MAYO: Gentlemen, do we have any early indications of the toxicity of the PCB compounds as far C. Fetterolf as aquatic life are concerned? DR. MOUNT: We held a conference in Duluth just a couple of weeks ago to which we invited as many people as we know about who are working or have familiarity with these compounds. I should start out by saying you must | recognize that this is a whole series of compounds, it is not just one, and it would appear that the amount of chlorination of the individual compounds has a bearing on its toxicity and it is reversed between coldblooded ani- mals and warmblooded. I can't remember which way it goes now, but in one case the low chlorinated compounds are /more toxic to one group and the high chlorinated to the beeriaee But these range from less than a part per million--I | am talking about lethal levels now--less than a part per ‘million to something over the water solubility of the compounds, which may be many parts per million. There is virtually no information at this time |as to what we might call the safe levels or those levels oe ee ee ee ee ee ee ee ee ee eee ee which do not cause harm to the organisms upon prolonged exposure. The evidence so far, I think, clearly indicates that we may be facing a problem with PCB's comparable to DDT and some of the others and that is that the permissible | one in West Germany, possibly one in Russia, they think C. Fetterolf | concentration in the environment may be determined by the amount of residue that results in the fish flesh and as such is permissible for human consumption rather than direct harm to the organisms. This is not firm yet, but it certainly looks like it may be that way. | MR. MAYO: I believe Mr. Klassen mentioned re there is only one current source, one manufacturing | source, of the PCB compound? MR. KLASSEN: In the United States. There is that they have stolen the patents, this is a pure rumor, and there is one in the United States and one in France. The only manufacturer in the United States is Monsanto and it is the principal ingredient in Aroclor, which is a non-flammable material, a fire resistant material, that is in all electrical transmission equipment. MR. MAYO: Do we have any current indication on how much volumewise is being used in these compounds in the basin at the present time? MR. FETTEROLF: Dr. Mount and I are arguing. (Laughter.) We would just as soon not have it in the record. C. Fetterolf MR. STEIN: Go off the record. (Off the record.) MR. STEIN: Let's go back on the record, please. MR. PURDY: Mr. Chairman, you mentioned about the problem of the DDT and is it a problem and, if so, what is being done about it. Other States, I know, have taken action, but I would like to place on the record that the registration labeling of DDT for a number of uses in Michigan has been removed so that now its use is | “restricted to, say, lice control, bat control and one other use. There are three uses that can be made of it. With respect to the PCB's, we became concerned about this. They are used in, say, electrical gear, but they are also used in, say, coolants used in the machin- ing operations in the automotive industry and metal- working industry, and we have reason to believe that the consumptive use in Michigan is somewhere in the neighbor- hood of 300,000 pounds a year. In light of this concern, we have alerted all of what we think might be the major | users in Michigan to review this use, also to review the use in relationship to how much of this material can be lost to the water environment through their waste sewers, C. Fetterolf 'and it is my understanding that a number of these com- Waerce now are, say, turning to other substances to use ear their processing operations. | | MR. MAYO: Would it be-- : DR. MOUNT: Mr. Chairman, may I comment? MR. STEIN: Yes, go ahead. DR. MOUNT: Two items which may be of interest _to the conferees. First, the industry was represented at our | meeting in Duluth, and while we did not have the actual production figures, we were assured that the production of these PCB's has not increased precipitously in the last few years, but, rather, has been a continual growth rate. It was a conclusion we reached in this group in | Duluth that, therefore, the problem was not one which was going to explode suddenly because the use has been | | regular. Secondly, we are serving as somewhat of a coordinating point at the National Water Quality Lab in Duluth and are planning to keep in touch with the people | working on PCB's throughout the country as well as, of course, the work that our own agency does, and if the C. Fetterolf conferees would like,at the next session perhaps we could ‘prepare some sort of a summary of what our present kKnowl- edge is at that time. | MR. STEIN: Well, Dr. Mount, I am not sure, wath the developments here, that the next session is going to | be so long off. Do you think you can have that in about ie month? Is that all right? : DR. MOUNT: Well, we can give you what we have ‘at that time. MR. STEIN: All right. Thank. you. Any other comments or questions? Thank you very much. MR. MAYO: The next Federal presentation will be given by Mr. Carlysle Pemberton of the Great Lakes ‘Regional Basin Office of the FWPCA dealing with the | | | monitoring program, vessel regulations, and the contin- | |gency planning activities for oil spills and hazardous materials. | 99 C. Pemberton, Jr. CARLYSLE PEMBERTON, JR., DIRECTOR | OFFICE OF TECHNICAL PROGRAMS | GREAT LAKES REGION, FWPCA CHICAGO, ILLINOIS MR. PEMBERTON: Mr. Chairman, conferees, ladies and gentlemen. I am Carlysle Pemberton, Director of the Office of Technical Programs, Great Lakes Region, FWPCA. I have a brief report on three subjects, Lake Michigan Basin | monitoring, contingency plan for pollutional spills, and Federal vessel waste legislation. Each of the State water pollution control agencies and FWPCA are participating in a State-Federal long-term monitoring program to evaluate water quality in the Lake Michigan Basin. Essentially the State-Federal monitoring program consists of those stations recommended by the Monitoring Committee in its report presented to the conferees at the second session of the conference. The Monitoring Committee recommended that the States coordinate monitoring of tributary streams, beeen and municipal water intakes and FWPCA monitor the open Cs; Pemberton, Jr. ; waters of the lake. The committee also recommended that ‘all data collected from these stations and from those | | | 'recommended by the Pesticides Committee be entered into | ‘the FWPCA STORET System and be made available semi- | | annually by FWPCA to each of the participating agencies ‘for evaluation. | Each of the State agencies has begun to imple- : /ment its portion of the program. FWPCA grant funds have i'been issued as requested by the States in support of the ‘pesticides program. Most of the tributary stations ‘selected were already sampled regularly by the States. | i'The open water stations selected were previously sampled | at least once by FWPCA. The Great Lakes Region plans to | | implement the open water portion of the program this spring. All station location information and water quality data submitted to FWPCA by the States is being entered into the STORET System. A printout should be available for evaluation shortly after July 1. Imple- mentation of all phases of the Monitoring Committee recommendations is expected by the end of the fiscal year. Contingency plan. The interim multiagency contingency plan for the a | | | | Ou Ce Pembertons Jr. Great Lakes Region of FWPCA was first developed in July 1968 and updated in April 1969. The initial phase of | regional contingency planning was conducted on the Federal level to develop a coordinated Federal response | effort. We are now revising the format somewhat to con- form to a nationwide standardized format. The FWPCA encourages the development of State and local governmental and private capabilities to mini- mize the effects of a pollutional discharge of oil or | other hazardous materials. However, while capabilities are being developed to handle spills, emphasis should also be placed on keeping pollutional material out of the water by means of educational and preventive programs. The formation of civic and industrial "mutual aid" organizations will be needed if an effective spill control program is to be developed. The FWPCA plans to work with the State agencies designated by their respective State Governors in the development and coordination of Federal - | State response capabilities. Additionally, the FWPCA plans to continue working with local governmental and private organizations in the development and coordination of Federal-local response capabilities. De tes Cy Pembervons or. Federal Vessel Waste Legislation. The Congress last week passed a compromise bill amending the Federal Water Pollution Control Act which | | contains the following provisions relating to vessel pol- lution. This is a summary and not an extract from the eatie The law applies to any vessel used or capable of being used on the navigable waters of the U. S. New vessels are units whose construction starts after promul- gation of the standards called for by this law, and existing vessels are units whose construction started prior to the promulgation of the standards. The law applies to United States own vessels unless excepted by the Secretary of Defense in the interest of national security. Not later than two years after enactment of the law the Secretary of the Interior, after consultation wit the Coast Guard, shall promulgate Federal standards of performance for marine sanitation devices which shall be designed to prevent the discharge of untreated or inade- quately treated sewage into navigable waters. The Coast Guard shall promulgate regulations | ' C\. Pemberton; Jr. governing the design, construction, installation and operation of any marine sanitation devices. Existing vessels that have devices installed according to State statutes or the PHS "Handbook on Sanitation and Vessel Construction 1965" will be con- sidered in compliance until they need replacement or are found not to be in compliance. 1 i] Initial standards and regulations become effective for new vessels two years and for existing vessels five years after promulgation. The Coast Guard can distinguish among classes, types, sizes, new, and existing vessels in promulgating regulations. Before the standards and regulations are pro- mulgated everybody interested, including Federal and State agencies and private industries, have to be consulted by the Secretary of the Interior and the Secretary of Trans- portation. After the effective date of the standards and regulations, no State or political subdivision can adopt or enforce any law or regulation respecting these devices in connection with any vessel covered by this law. The 103 i C. Pemberton, Jr. | State can, however, prohibit discharge of sewage in any | ee Se ea waters of the State where it is needed to implement water quality standards, with the approval of the Secretary of “the Interior. | MR. STEIN: Thank you, Mr. Pemberton. : Any comments or questions? | We.s;, 9M gen y. | MR. PURDY: Mr. Pemberton, in some of the | earlier legislation with respect to vessel pollution it Larne that the States could continue to enforce their existing laws and regulations until such time as the Federal regulations go into effect. Is this, say, still in the legislation or do we now have a@ possible gap of | seven years on new vessels? MR. POOLE: Old vessels. MR. PEMBERTON: I think there is not any gap. I don't have a copy of the bill as reported out of the | joint committee, but my information is that there is: no gap in enforcement. Mk»! PURDYéu e Wedd? it>athe res tusitnotusomespnos vision in it to allow the States to continue to enforcs those, if we are preempted, there is a gap until the 104 G. Pemberton, Jr. Pagesee regulations are developed. | MR. PEMBERTON: Well, the reference is to after the effective date of the standards and regulations that care written and there is no prohibition prior to that time in the act, as far as I know. As I said, I haven't foeen able to get avycopy of the bill yets | : | MR. POOLE: It is, though, after the promulga- | tion of the regulation, not after the effective date in | pts act, which as Ralph said is five years for existing j t ivessels and two years for new, as I understand it? \ | MR. PEMBERTON: After the effective date of the oarerenr and regulations, yes. | | MR. POOLE: We are just working on the regula- tions. I wish 1 knew what to do. MR. PEMBERTON: Well, both houses have passed ithis bill and I expect that it will be signed very shortly and will be available in printed form, but I haven't received it yet. MR. STEIN: I don't believe you have answered the question, Mr. Pemberton. Let's try it again. It is true that this doesn't come into effect until you have the effective dates in the standards and | | | | | ' \ regulations. "Initial standards and regulations become effective for new vessels two years and existing vessels five years after promulgation." If we don't have the answer here I am going to try to get back to Washington and hope to have an answer to this before the conclusion | of the conference. But the point is we are going to have a two- ‘year or five-year lag after we put the regulations out | before they become effective. During that time, the ques |. effective? tion, as I understand it, is are the State regulations I would suspect they are, but unless you have |a definitive answer, I think the best thing to do would be to call back to the people who have the text of the statute and we may be able to give the answer to that this afternoon. Do you have a or do you want me to do MR. PEMBERTON: act. I can try again. contact in Washington, Carlysle, it? The people I have been con- , tacting so far have not either received a text of the new They may have it by today. MRS? STEEN sho Wells T= tell? you, =ret* ss’ go" off the C. Pemberton, Jr. ii 106 : C. Pemberton; Jr. | record. (Off the record.) | MR. STEIN: Let's go back on the record. MR. PEMBERTON: I will be glad te try to find | out. | | | | MR. STEIN: Thank you. But let's try to get that lanswer for these people, because I think they should navey ‘a definite one on that and I am sure the law has covered ‘that one way or the other. Are there any other questions? | MR. FRANGOS: Mr. Chairman, I have a question | | | | | that is not clear to me from the handout. Are foreign flag vessels covered by this legislation? | | MR. PEMBERTON: Yes, the law applies to any | vessel used or capable of being used on the navigable waters of. the U. S., that is» any vessel. : MR. FRANGOS: Thank you. | | MR. STEIN: Any further comment or question? If not, thank you, Mr. Pemberton. MR. MAYO: The next Federal presentation will be given by Mr. Clifford Risley of the Great Lakes Regional Office staff of FWPCA in connection with the Ct Risleyymgr. Research and Development Grant Program. CUIFFORD RISLEY, Uh. eDLRebCLUn OFFICE OF RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT GREAT LAKES REGION, FWPCA CHICAGO, ILLINOIS MR. RISLEY: At the initial Lake Michigan enforcement conference in February of 1968 a statement was made by Dr. Leon Weinberger who was, at that time, the Assistant Commissioner for Research and Development. 'He reported on the technology then available for waste treatment for phosphorus removal. He concluded that more. than 80 percent of the phosphates could be removed with existing technology for a cost of less than 5 cents per 1,000 gallons. Since that time a considerable effort has been made toward developing improved methods of removing the nutrient phosphorus from municipal wastewaters. Pilot scale and full-scale plant demonstrations have been and are being carried on to provide the technology and actual: cost figures for the design engineers! and plant opera- tors' information. Process selection will depend on 4) Se 2 el Beers. <. 108 = ned OF Riaslrey oar: specific wastewater characteristics, existing facilities, | desired effluent quality, and economic considerations. Processes that have been and are being demon- strated which show good phosphorus removal include: Conventional Treatment | : Digester Supernatant Treatment Chemical Addition in Primary, Secondary and | | | | | | : | | | Tertiary Stages of Treatment | MOV eben wilt r at On Conventional treatment techniques of settling and biological oxidation are capable of removing some phosphorus. Depending on the degree of treatment, phos- phorus removal ranges from 5 percent to 50 percent. [In order to get the higher removals of phosphorus it is necessary that the digester supernatant be AES to keep the solubilized phosphorus from escaping separation. Digester supernatant treatment can be accomplished with lime claritication and ammonia stripping; 96 percent: ot the phosphorus in the supernantant can be removed in this process." Total operating costs for digester supernatant treatment, including carbon dioxide stripping, lime clarifi cation and ammonia stripping,are estimated to be about 30 cents per 1,000 gallons ot supernatant,which is equivalent to C. 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AOJ e[Nposyos ro Tesodstp puel pue sTTe-aaes 1-ST-69-a¥ 9 qaodei *wtlTeag “ON IOpsrO uotTqa duos Spoon Jus} eoOAL quouszeqy JO o2eq Tet pousy SUTISTXY uoT INT {od poqewtjas| ALITVNO UFLVM NVOIHOIN DIVI ONILOAIAV SHOUNOS UALVM ALSVM NISNOOSIM t ISATY VouTWOUSW JOATY OSTIYSEg SI9VCM BUTATOI0Y oInd (93 .euT eR) Auedwoyg zedeg 33095 "oul ‘STITIW aodeg rze3peg aoanos State of Wisconsin Department ot Natural Resources Attachment C 206 Policy on Proliferation of Waste Treatment Plants To avoid costly errors through the construction of a multiplicity of waste treatment plants in conflict with area-wide or basin-wide concepts of pollution control, a clear declaration of policy is necessary. It is the policy of the State of Wisconsin Natural Resources Board to: 1. Promote the use of unified sewage collection systems serving contiguous areas. 2. Encourage (in accordance with Section 144.07, Wisconsin Statutes) connection of developing areas to existing treatment plants: wherever such action is fully feasible and clearly in the public interest. 3. Discourage construction of sewage treatment facilities not designed in accordance with an acceptable area-wide plan. 4. Discourage proliferation of small sewage treatment plants in contiguous areas and encourage abandonment of multiple plants in favor of joint treatment where technically feasible and economically desirable. 5. Disapprove use of state construction grant monies for construction of treatment plants not in conformity with an acceptable plan. 6. Encourage joint treatment of municipal and industrial wastes where physically and economically practical. 7. Disapprove installation of septic tank-soil absorption systems in areas where risk of malfunction or failure is high, and where alternate collection and treatment systems can be provided. 8. Promote replacement of nonfunctioning septic tanks with alternate collection and treatment systems to meet the intent of this policy. Adopted: May 15, 1969 207 Attachment D i970 Status Report ~ Nuclear Power Plants Wisconsin has two sites, 4% miles apart, on Lake Michigan where nuclear power plants are currently under construction. The Point Beach Plant will consist of two units, each capable of producing 454,600 kilowatts. The first unit should be in operation this year and the second unit is scheduled to be operational in 1971. The Kewaunee plant will be capable of generating 527,000 kilowatts and is scheduled to be operational in 1972. All three units are of the pressurized water reactor type. Because of the close proximity of the two sites, environ- mental studies encompass both plants. A University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee pre-operational environmental study was funded in 1968. The object of the study was to demonstrate any thermal and radiological effects around both sites. Two Wisconsin state agencies, the Division of Health and the Division of Environmental Protection, are jointly monitoring the sites in regard to radio- activity and thermal effects. A private consulting firm was hired by the power companies to conduct a radiological study at the plant sites. The Great Lakes Research Division of the University of Michigan has established 50 sampling sites in Lake Michigan. The study will include an inventory of materials presently in the lake, and a projection of the condition of the lake in 1975. Both plants will have separate treatment facilities for domestic wastes. Plans and specifications for these sewage treatment plants have been approved by the State of Wisconsin. Attachment E 208 STATIE OF WISCONSIN 1969 Assembly Bill 417 Date published*: March 19, 1970 CHAPTER 471 , LAWS OF 1969 AN ACY to amend 30.71 (1); and to repeal and recreate 30.71 (2) of the statutes, relating to use of boat toilets on outlying waters of the state. The people of the state of Wisconsin, represented in senate and assembly, do enact as follows: SECTION 1. 30.71 (1) of the statutes is amended to read: 30.71 (1) No person shall operate any boat equipped with toilets on inland waters...of, ;this,.statc,excepi. tne Mirsstssipr river, unless the toilet wastes are retained for shore disposal by means of facilities constructed and operated in accordance with rules adopted by the state board of health. "Inland waters" means the waters defined as inland waters by s. 29.01 (4). OLUTIONSS comely La al POte CNC me SLUILULCS. wis OTe Cas ccu scitel recreated to read: 30.71 (2) No person shall operate any boat equipped with toilets mi any outlying waters of this state, as defined in s, 29.0] (4), wnless the toilct wastes are retained for shore disposal by means of facilities constructed and operated in accordance with rules adopted by the department of health and social services. This subsection shall not apply to boats engaged in intemational or interstate commerce. SECTION 3. EFFECTIVE DATES. SECTION 1 of this act shall take effect o January J, I97]. SECTION 2 of this act shall take effect on January 1, 1970. *Section 990.05, Wisconsin Statutes: Laws and acts; time of going into force. parey law or act which docs not expressly prescribe the time it takes effect shall take effect on the day after its publication.” Attachment F 209 (No. 124, S.) CHAPTER_146 LAWS OF 1969 AN ACT AN ACT to amend 29.60 (5) (c); to repeal anc recreate 29,24 (4); and to create 15.191 (2), 15.195, 94.69 (8), (9) and (19), 140.05 (15) and 140.77 of the statutes, relating to the use of pesticides, creating a pesticide review board, and granting rule-making power. The people of the state of Wisconsin, represented in senate and assembly, lo enact as follows: SECTION 1. 15.191 (2) of the statutes is created to read: 15.191 (2) PESTICINF REVI” 304. The nesticide review board shall have the program responsibilities ‘specified under ss. 29.29 (4), 94.69 (9) and 140.77. SECTION 2. 15.195 of the statutes is created to read: 15.195 ‘SAME; ATTACHED 30ARDS AND COMMISSIONS. (1) PESTICIDE, PEVIEW ROARN, There is created in the denartment of health and social services a pesticide review board. The review board shall consist of the ‘secretary of agriculture, the ‘secretary of natural resources and the secretary of health and social services or their designated representatives. oe PecTION 3. 29.29 (4) of the statutes is repealed and recreated to 29.29 (4) USE OF PESTICIDES. The department of natural resources, after public hearing, may adopt rules governing the use of any pesticide which it finds is.a serious hazard to wiJd animats other than those it is intended to control, and the making of reports thereon. In making ‘such determinations, the department to the extent relevant shall consider the need for pesticides to protect the well- being of the general public. It shall obtain the recommendation of the pesticide review hoard and such rules are not effective until approved by the pesticide review hoard. ‘‘Pesticide’’ has the meaning designated in s. 94.67, SECTION 4. 29.60 (5) (c) of the statutes is amended to read: 29.60 (5) (c) Nothing in this chapter shall prevent the eommissier department or its deputies wardens from using dynamite or having dynamite in possession near beaver houses or dams for the purpose of removing peaves fans hes the beavers are a CRUBIDE damaces t 2 property Sete Saath) by oa agtaer ata diate itera alee Se cathe ca ka aaa of injusious inscets; rodents-or-Engish (over) 210 CHAPTER 146 1 41v§ OF 1! (Continued) 2 SFCTION 5, 93.69 (8), (9) andl (10) of the statutes are created to read; 94.69 (8) To govem the conditions under which containers of pesticides may be transported, stored or disposed of. (9) To gover the use of pesticides, including their formulations, and to determine the times and methods of application and other conditions of use. (10) The department shall adont rules when it determines that it is necessary for the protection of persons or property from serious pesticide hazards and that its enforcement is feasible and will substantially ‘ eliminate or reduce such hazards. In making such determination the department shall consider the toxicity, hazard, effectiveness and public need for the pesticides, and the availability of less toxic or less hazardous pesticides or other means of pest control. ‘It shall obtain the recommendations of the pesticide review board and such rules are not effective until approved by the pesticide review board. Such rules shall not affect the application of any other statutes or rule adopted thereunder, SECTION 6. 140.05 (15) of the statutes is created to read: ‘140.05 (15) 'Vhere the use of any pesticide results in a threat to the public health, the department of health and social services ‘shall take al] measures necessary to prevent morbidity or mortality. SECTION 7. 140.77 of the statutes is created to read: 140.77 PESTICIDE REVIEW BOARD. (1) The pesticide review board created by s. 15.195 shall collect, analyze and interpret information, and make recommendations to and coordinate the regulatory and informational responsibilities to the state agencies, on matters relating to the use of pesticides, particularly recommendations for limiting pesticide use to those materials and amounts thereof found necessary and effective in the control of pests and which are not unduly hazardous to man, animals or plants. Pesticide rules authorized by ss. 29.29 (4) and 94.69 are not effective un til approved by the review board. (2) The pesticide review board shall appoint a council not to exceed 6 members of technical or professional experts composed of one representative each from the department of agriculture, department of health and social services, department of natural resources, college of agricultural and life sciences of the university of Wisconsin, water resources center of the university of ‘Yisconsin, school of natural resources of the university of Yisconsin, and in addition 3 public. members appointed by the governor and confirmed by the senate for staggered 3-year terms who'shall be technical or professional experts in the use of pesticides, one of whom shall be a representative of the pesticide industry, one of whom shall be a representative of the agricultural industry and one of whom shall be a person of »\roa* knowledge and experience in the conservation and wise use of natural resources. The council shall generally assist the review board and shall assist particularly in obtaining scientific data and coordinating pesticide regulatory, enforcement, research and educational functions of the state. a) (3) The pesticide review board shal! report to the governor and the legislature any pesticide matters it finds are of vital concern for the peoteosan of the health and well-being of people or for the protection of ish, wildlife, plants, soil, air and water from pesticide pollution. Such report may include its recommendations for legislative or other governmental] action. Copied: 12-69 COP) ps (No. 163, A.) CHAPTER 426 LAWS OF 1969 AN. ACT AN ACT to create 134.67 of the statutes, prohibiting the distribution, sale and use of the chemical compound NDT. The people of the state of Wisconsin, represented in senate and assembly, do enact as follows: SECTION 1. 134.67 of the statutes is created to read: 134.67 DISTRIBUTION AND SALE OF DDT PROHIBITED. No person shall distribute, sell, offer for sale or use the chemical compound DDT (dichlorodiphenyltrichlorenthane) or any of its isomers except as provided in this section. In subs. (1) and (2) ‘‘DDT”’ includes compounds isomeric with DDT. (1) For the purposes specified in sub. (2), the secretary of agriculture, the state health officer and the secretary of natural resources shall constitute a DDT emergency board, and any such officer may call a meeting of the emergency board to act under sub. (2). (2) (a) In the event of the outbreak of an epidemic disease of humans or animals spread by insects which it is known can be controlled by DDT but cannot be adequately controlled by any other known pesticide, the emergency board may authorize the use of DDT in controlling the epidemic upon a finding that: 1. A serious epidemic disease of humans or animals exists; 2. The disease is likely to spread rapidly unless insects which spread the disease are controlled; and 3. The only effective means of control is DDT. (b) In the event of the outbreak of a plant disease of epidemic proportions which threatens a significant portion of the affected crop and which is caused or spread by an insect which it is known can be controlled by DDT but cannot be adequately controlled by any other known pesticide, the emergency board may authorize the use of DDT in controlling the epidemic upon a finding that: 1. An epidemic plant disease exists; 2. The disease threatens a significant portion of the affected crop; and 3. The only effective means of control is DOT. (c) The emergency board also may authorize the use of DDT or its isomers or metabolites for specified research by educaticna! institutions if it finds that no ecologically significant residues of DD7 or its isomers or metabolites will be allowed to escape into the environment. (over) CHAPTER__426 _ LAWS OF 1969 (Continued) oe SECTION 2. RECONCILIATION WITH PENDING LEGISLATION. It Senate 3ill 124 which creates a pesticide review board becomes law, section 134,67 (1) of the statutes, as created by this act, is repealed and references in section 134.67 (2) of the statutes, as created by this act, to the ‘‘emergency board’’ shall be deleted and references to ‘‘pesticide review board”’ substituted therefor. SECTION 3. EFFECTIVE DATE. This act shall take effect on December 31, 1969, or on the day after publication, whichever occurs later. Copied: 3-69 nw ei N sUON SUON “STM JO AQISAIATU JUTIIAUT BUY JO e8aTI[ON “urs -uooSTM JO AQTISADATUN luUMss.UTZUy JO aZaT[oON aUON Sa LONHOV ef —-— +. — +--+ -. 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Dserrivaes bone bayuysase gored strar .92u For Ssteq ete eo ee Nm lf “ow ¥i G J27i9 S28 5N¢C 4 “moo YaqessoJen¢ ateb siead DAs oO Sia” yewoT =—-hese 2m7ce > “arr Y be t . 4 be dé Be EE AS Ao | VUTSOL Sr > | ! t roive; wages “¥ “song laoasS .2 Ard #@} | cc FF oe bisit tot eszubsoz0x **10270R a2e 3 ae oRhtth st Ki wip 9 SUT Xk He: Gua 30 J0f Fa07 laadepag, 8 - Seeger -b3s229llG> esigme bejsnizalds AY SSbT ST Teague Teme, ico 2$ub.353 tO .2J9 ,negifoiM efeu pore tes iq btgus chee o3 supinios? isiseig bose gcivasvre: serbok” boc fF sot 418 b> Haag NST SantTSbs" \ —_ toni labile - LEHETIUB ea Abe T. G. Frangos | MR. | STEIN: Are there any comments or questions? | : | MR. FRANGOS: Mr. Chairman, I would like to just | | | add a few comments to this report that might be of interest ie the conferees and to the public here today. | | \ | | | | | | about $80 million of construction will get under way3 this | is a Statewide figure,and we anticipate that over half of | | | On the construction grants program, we estimate | | that will be in the Lake Michigan Basin. | Another item of interest to the conferees, you may be interested to know that as a followup to President | Nixon's Executive Order on Federal installations Governor | PaaS did likewise for State installations. We don't jnave any particular problems here in the Lake Michigan Basin, but we are following through to see if there may be some small installations that we have not picked up. But this is a prominent program and the State budget that is now in preparation will reflect any needs for correc- tion at the State institutions. A word about oil. pollution. ._You probably are aware, Mr. Stein, that through the cooperative efforts with your agency on the upper Mississippi River we have developed a rather detailed oil pollution emergency plan 218 [.- @. Frangos | that has just been completed and this has been developed as a working procedure for that area in our department. We feel one of the payoffs on reorganization in our : Department of Natural Resources is that we can put mag of our wardens and fish managers and game managers out e the field as eyes and ears. We think we have got a piteedy | good system developed and we are anticipating following | through in considerable detail here in the Lake Michigan Basin. One item that I should bring to your attention relates to the Milwaukee Metropolitan Sewage Commission | and the requirement for providing chlorination. Now, the ‘Sewage Commission, and more specifically at the Jones Island Sewage Treatment Plant, does not now provide | dhl oramattaenk An early estimate of the cost for providing ‘chlorination Facilities, and the majority of the cost was involved with building a holding tank, the preliminary lestimates were around $6 million for providing chlorina- ition. Because of budgetary limitations, it was requested of our agency that an alternative method of providing chlorination be considered at the Jones Island plant. And very*brierly;*it~ provides for -applyink cChiorinée at. che 219 TP Gs FLrangoes effluent troughs at higher dosage than normally given and ,.at shorter contact periods. On the basis of the proposal that the Commission made to our agency, we agreed to go along with their experimentation to see if this was feasible and a tenta- ' tive schedule that was worked out with the Commission was that they would conduct a series of tests to see whether | ES was at all feasible. We haye had two reports sub- 'mitted by the Commission that appear rather promising to uae The last report was received several weeks ago. : The schedule that they have submitted to us is ‘that they would continue this study to develop chlorina- tion curves, fand more ‘specifically on three, five, seven, ° | Vandmiiiimeen=minutve detention elimes;, these curves would be (inerekation to concentration “of ichlorine' and establishing | 'aiconcentration time in relation “to bacterial ‘kills. if ‘this proves satisfactory, then the item to put in chlori-— | i ‘nation would be put into the September 1970 budget of the | Commission and construction would be completed in 1971. The difference in capital cost is roughly about $6 million weighed against $500,000 with this alternate procedure | that we are talking about now. | e200 T. G. Frangos This proposal has been transmitted to the ‘chicago regional office and they are aware of it and we ‘bring this to.your,attention atsthis .time. } MR...STEIN: , Are there .any comments or questions}, MR. KLASSEN: . I nave vane .questions, My, Chairman. Referring to the two nuclear powerplants, what | type of approval or permits did the State of, Wisconsin poitre and did you hold public hearings on these? My Pens 'for asking, before .the next session of this enforcement j}conference the State of Tllinolis willl be Cont homed sam. am sure, with this question in connection with the proposed Plant at Zion. I am wondering whether you issued opera- tional permits, construction permits, and again did you | hold public hearings in connection with the issuance of such permits? MR. FRANGOS: The answer to the second ques- tion is no, we did not hold public hearings. The law does not require us to do so on any kind of a discharge. We reviewed the proposals administratively in the agency, one for the domestic wastes, which is really a minor prob lem, and secondly for their radioactivity considerations and the thermal considerations. The proposals that came ada TanGv3Frangos before us in our judgment meet the existing water quality standards and we have given our approval on this basis. MR. STEIN: Are there any other comments or questions? Ni@errunDy: Teoave> one question, "Mr. Stein. Copy CUrmcOlouUruUGcrOneprany Drorgram, Mr. Frangos, you indicate that while you have a program of about $80 million this year, and along in the 1971-1973 biennium new construction starts totaling in excess of $100 million but yet you have indicated your, say, allotment in the way of construction grant money from Federal sources about $17.1 million. This would indicate to me that there is quite a gap here that exists in the amount of Federal funding that the projects are eligible for. Is this being made up now with State funds or how is this going ‘forward? | | MR. FRANGOS: Yes. Well, this is our State con-_ ‘struction grant program, which I think parallels the : ‘Michigan program, whereby there is an outright grant of : some 25 percent. Additionally we can prefinance the Federal grant. MR. PURDY: But without this additional funding, | aoa TanG |of this problem is that we have provided in our bonding |program a specific, sum for these small projects and these | | monies are now available and it seems to me that now that ‘there are no excuses for delay. | | MR «MAYO: One other point, Mr.«-Chairman. ‘1 | notice that the extension that was given to Milwaukee from |May of 1969 to December of 1971 was apparently a unilateral action on the part of the State and this is something that the conferees have not had an opportunity to address them- selves to. I raise the point here to invite from the other conferees some comment as to either the reason- ableness of the extension or the appropriateness of a ooo T. G. Frangos unilateral extension on the part of the individual sededs | ihren it discharges directly into Lake Michigan. | MR. STEIN: Let me get at that a little bit later. O23 ey? : MR. MAYO: All right. MR. STEIN: With your Rep eettiana IT read some- i thing to you at the beginning--I don't know that I have | | to repeat this to everyone; but since you aremiirs t.) Mr. 'Frangos, do you think we can take your list? “It looks to me as if this is a relatively easy job to get | that into the interim steps for compliance, which the | Department says they would like to have, that is, the retention of engineers, preliminary engineering report, [Paseo detailed engineering plans and specs, submit detailed engineering specifications, arrange financing, Desa construction and complete construction. Do you think if we put any people to work with you, or you your- self, that we can get the format of that completed in about a month? MR. FRANGOS: You mean-- MR. STEIN: On your list. MR. FRANGOS: Yes, I think that is no problem eae) ToaGe Frangos at all. We did go through this process with the regional people about 60 days ago. I don't know, we covered those six or seven items in that way, but we can give it to the ‘conference in that form. MR. STEIN: I don't want to repeat this because 1 would have to bring this up with all the conferees, but I do think that the States can almost do that themselves, with the reporting we have got here, without this. Let me go back to this disinfection again. Lack | of disinfection is also in violation of the Wisconsin pesena es as approved by the Secretary, isn't it? | MR. FRANGOS: The standards, in our submission lof the standards we included a timetable and that time- ane had a 1969 date, that is correct. MR. STEIN: Yes, and that we approved. | | I think we are faced, as I see it, with this aes And by the way, you are not unique, because at | | least some of the people from Chicago are here and I think | | probably Mr. Klassen recognizes this. For one reason or | ianother you recall that when you were in the Calumet con- | ference it took, I think, two years to design a baffle in | | Chicago to handle the disinfection, which they said they | ilcsasd 2226 PoaGatkraneos | | | had to do physically and this is the kind of stuff you Hun il pwbe z BUG the poinwdis; it we are dealing with reduc-, ing the pathogens and your bigger city is two years behind; and we have no assurance that you are going to go to the new system yet, and the reason for doing this million is this capital investment or operating costs? MR. FRANGOS: No, i Bi si oqaip bta ss MR. STEIN: But the operating costs would be more for*sthet '$500',000:: | | | : | | | is that the difference in cost between $500,000 and $6 i | | | | | | j | MR ow cPRANGOSs sifinart: issttir i gimiovmesrhta t Avs right. MR. STEIN: It seems to me we really have to get these interim dates set, as I indicated before, or else it seems to me that by this action you are | two alternatives. Hither we are going to have to work subjecting your communities both large and small, Milwaukee is the largest, to the 180-day notice. Since the conferees did not act on the extensions, I am not going to ask them to ratify a unilateral extension that you gave. In other words, as far as I can see under N Nv) ~J T. G. Frangos the law, if the Secretaryowisheées!iwevcansissue a 180-day notice against Milwaukee, and if they don't have a plan for disinfection we can. take them GO-COULC MR. FERANG@S: srWe yrecognize :that. MR. STEIN: .m&iFvonnebr: I say this because I think this is the trend atevitwas patimuAAs thar as , -T can see, Milwaukee and these other communities Chau eMaAyOmatLudege Gorarne ih Clear violation of the conference recommendations and the standard requirements submitted by Wisconsin and approved by the Secretary. MR. -PFRANGOS S“Wellly I -think we'‘have “given you the story on Milwaukee. One other factor that I think you Know and your people know is that, of course, weihnave\-been ‘chlorinating at the new plant, at the South Shore plant. pecondaly,~ tire Critical reason from ‘the budgetary | point or view is the Tract tnat there are some major repairs that have to be done to the Jones Island power- plant and this was the choice that had to be made, which 228 TOSGRtkrangos represents a substantial investment. I think we have notified your Chicago office because they have raised the point in connection with CcOnSscructvon-. MR. STEIN: - Yes. o°By “the ‘way, Mr.-Frangos, I ‘want to say I recognize the problem. MR. FRANGOS: Fine. MR. STEIN: Let me give you the facts as I see ‘them. I know that Wisconsin has avery good program. The trouble is no one really gets any credit when they | comply with the law. I know I never do. | But the point is that the biggest city in your State, Milwaukee- - one that discharges into Lake Michi- gans the water that we have a real high priority to protect--is in, clear violation -of: ‘this: conference recom | | mendation. They are more than two years late on dis- | infection of the effluent,and the lack of putting out are i disinfection means that pathogens go into the lake. Now, these are the bald facts as I see them. MR. FRANGOS: At the same time, this is the largest community in the Great Lakes that is now providin | | | 229 —— TeoGaakeangos phosphorus removal. MR. soLuENadstAgalaadiiisyoudpobnbtwoutothat syou are complying with the law in some respects, T don't know how many-- MR. FRANGOS: I understand it doesn't go to the! issue. | MR. STEIN: I don't care how many Brownie points you get. (Laughter. ) The 1iSsiwe eis: difpsyou fare opusttring Fourth ioe rms aim the lake, you are putting out germs inthe lake. This is' the problem. Chicago can argue the other way by saying we | are keeping the lake completely clean; by reversing the Chicago River, we are keeping the water out and we got a littde, mome,-time «to. work; -om phosphorusit:-remov.al.sy The point is while we were sitting around, here was the issue. | i} | | | | | ! | Maybe, you don't have it here, but we sweated that one out | { pneChicago.. I Know Mr. Klassen. is here, and, T. think Van cone beacon cain tne auctence, ~ for, several sears, We badges question going on this. chlorination of whether or not we were going to close the beaches during these long hot summers because of the pathogens or we were going to keep them open. We were really close. This was just _ about your phosphate removal. But the question you people T22G0 SFrangos accidental and just geography, but the beaches that were | most critical were the beaches in the black Miennaen cones and we had a real, real problem summer after summer. The fortunate thing is we sweated through that and we got through it. .We kept those beaches open in Chicago. T ask Vou Co look a tether rast (eS. Olen core : in Milwaukee should ask yourselves is: Do you have any ' beaches closed where people can't swim? MR. FRANGOS: None are closed because of lack of disinfection at the Jones Tsland plant. The reason beaches are closed in this area is because of combined sewer overflows and the budgeting structure of the Com- mission was such that a substantial part of that went into building relief sewers. | MR. STEIN: I recognize that. -But the .-point.is we all recognize this problem of combined sewers. You can take this” for what oL1e 1s worth. .[n amy opinion, wwe -are not going to get to this combined sewer problem, really face up to the financing, until we lick some of our more mun- dane problems, such as disinfecting the effluent from a 231 T. G. Frangos standard waste treatment facility. The reason that the conferees set that tight date in 1969 was that they did not think this problem would be that complicated. As we recognized, we had pretty complicated problems with | combined sewers. We had br ettyehomplavetred problems with phosphate and other nutrient removal. The point is we didn't recognize that the disinfection of the effluent would be a complicated problem. As I see it --and I think Mr. Mayo put a finger on it--if you have had a unilateral extension of numerous | disinfection schedules throughout your State, some small communities, it seems to me no wonder if your biggest community is two years late, that this has ae to be reflected through the State program. And I think we just have to look at this, because we were asked to come up to Milwaukee and this may be the reason why we are here. It seems to me this is the most flagrant violation of the schedule that we have in the Lake Michigan area now. MR. FRANGOS: Well, that may be-- MR. STEIN: The largest city in the State is no disinfecting its effluent. MR. FRANGOS: Let me comment or respond to that Loe Gay Frangos Mr. Chairman, that although this may be mundane in one sense, the real problem in this community as far as improving water quality and the small streams that run through the city and the county and the real problem as to whether you are going to open up beaches or close them is the combined sewer problem. And that is the problem that we have to face here in the county. I seed add that this is the thing that distresses me most and I have some very serious reservations about whether we are going to meet the standards and see a significant clean- | | up of regional waters unless we get at the combined sewer problem, because as I indicated to you, the beaches are not being closed because we are not disinfecting. MR. STEIN: Mr. Frangos, I couldn't agree with you more and Mr. Purdy has talked to me about the same thing. I think combined sewers are the issue and a sig- nificant issue. But let me tell you, when I argue your case, and your case is my case in Washington, I get short shrift when you are having a problem of self-help and the cities haven't done what is humanly decent. What we have asked for them to do in 1969 is disinfect their effluent and not put any bugs into the lake. Now, this =833 Perce rrangos Penen: Hep ee cnriig +0 ask MR. FRANGOS: Well, it is $6 million worth, Mr. Stein. MReeotheNo Thatelte=riene, $O°mlrlron worth. And you know, we have put this out over and over again. Talk about what the people in Milwaukee pay for their electric bill, their-gas bill; “their automobiles, and when you relate that to $6 million worth I think it | | | | | | | | begins Vo Paveeinco "perspective. — EF -acor vl think thts 1s _a big big thing when we are talking about the addition | | to what each family has to pay. | | | | MR. FRANGOS: Well, I have no quarrel with that | statement. The other response I would make is that this means that we really are not spending enough money in this area and we have got to be spending a lot more. MR. STEIN: Yes, and who has to be spending it? This is the point, Mr. Frangos. If the people in the area feel perfectly comfortable paying $30 a month for om electric bill and $20 a month for a telephone bill and get excited when they have to pay $5 or $6 for a water bill and treat their effluent, we are going to still be i trouble, and this is the basic problem. And I think we 2 34 T..G..Frangos l nave to look in terms of $6 million and what it means in that sense. MR. FRANGOS: That is right. MR «ySTEINs: Add prnight. MR. KLASSEN: Mr. Chairman. MR oo GARE DNs eae. MR. KLASSEN: What percentage of the total | sewage flow in Milwaukee does this represent? What are we talking about, half, a quarter? | MR. FRANGOS: This would represent the majority ate the seateme-. MR. KLASSEN: You mean a majority of the sewage from Milwaukee is not chlorinated? MR. FRANGOS: That is what I have been saying, yes. MR. KLASSEN: We are going to chlorinate com- bined sewer overflow in Illinois this year. I hope it doesn't get down there. MR. STEIN: Mr. Klassen, I think that is why we are here. I think this is the area of the program, and I think you can appreciate this, which is completely out of kilter with the progress made in, for example, Illinois. 235 TaoGsi reranhgeos We are talking in Illinois about chlorinating the storm- water, not domestic sewage, and when you have most of the large city here going in unchlorinated, it seems to me a glaring discrepancy in the uniform treatment of wastes going into Lake Michigan and I would just ask the people | here to really, really give that serious consideration. Are there any other comments or questions? MR. KLASSEN: Just a question of what volume ore we talking about, how many gallons per day when related to what we are-- | MR. FRANGOS: Two hundred MGD. : KLASSEN: Two hundred million gallons a day. . FRANGOS: Secondary treatment, of course. MR MR. KLASSEN: But no phosphate removal? MR. FRANGOS: Yes, phosphorus removal. MR. STEIN: All right, it is not easy to shock this panel, but you managed. I said it is not easy to shock these conferees, but you have managed. All right, are there any other questions? If not, thank you very much. _By236 J. F. Wilson ui Do you want to call‘on your other people, Frangos? MR. FRANGOS: Yes. Next is the representative from the Wisconsin JOHN F. WILSON, DIRECTOR WISCONSIN ECOLOGICAL SOCIETY Ecological Society. | GREEN BAY, WISCONSIN MR. WILSON: My name is John Wilson and I am a Director of the Wisconsin Ecological Society in Green Bay. Speaking of beaches and closed beaches, I would like to draw attention to I think one of the two perma- nently closed beaches on Lake Michigan which exist in our fair city. We have 25 to 30 active members comprised of various scientists, including physicists, limnologists, chemist, ecologists, as well as lawyers, accountants, and various businessmen. We have extensively studied problems of environmental degradation in our State for the last four years. We have made numerous suggestions formally and informally to the various responsible agencies. Jd. F. Wilson Parenthetically, some of us have wondered why, when as taxpayers we have funded both Federal and State agencies to protect our environment,it has been necessary to spend additional time and money as private citizens to assure We believe that when value judgments are made : | | | | eee this protection does in fact exist. | | | by the various agencies the public interest is not always /held foremost or that the judgment presumes a benefit to | the public not in keeping with ecological principles, | i resulting in an ultimate cost to the public out of pro- ' portion to the alleged benefits. (the Lower Fox River in Wisconsin by the DNR or its predés | | | \ | | | Specifically we feel that the classification of | | pee agency to an industrial cooling stream category is j a case in point. We feel that the Corps of Engineers in allowing the Fort Howard Paper Company to fill in the Fox River behind a new bulkhead line without a public hearing was not acting in the public interest. We feel that both the FWPCA and the Wisconsin DNR share responsibility for permitting the nuclear powerplants on the shores of Lake Michigan to discharge large amounts of hot water together with radioactive wastes into the waters of Lake Michigan. 238 J. F. Wilson Unless the rivers with their pollutional load are upgraded, the hope for upgrading Lake Michigan is an impossible dream. According to a number of experts, lower Green Bay is already a Lake Erie. Now, I would like a clarification, if possible, | |from this conference. We have been informed by members | of the FWPCA staff that the Federal Government views 'Green Bay as a problem existing for Michigan and Wisconsin, Se ee | i | H |with an imaginary line drawn from Rock Island to Menominee, | that it would be necessary to demonstrate that a gies Pairenre crossed that line before the Federal Government could act. This relates strictly to enforcement. The Society views this as absurd. MR. STEIN: Let me straighten that out. Green Bay is included within the purview of this conference. I don't think we or the Federal Government or Wisconsin dis pute the jurisdiction of that. So you can go ahead. The are reporting that. MR. WILSON: All right. In 1966 the FWPCA made a comprehensive report on the Green Bay Basin, the parameters of which were excellent and in which the problems were discussed in sete! ve te Wilson depth and recommendations were made. The polluters were identified together with their contributions, a pilot model of the Fox River was created, and reductions in loading were requested. The paper mills constitute the largest single source of pollution to Green Bay by far. The recommended | FWPCA numbers were 76,475 pounds of 5-day BOD per day from the Fox River mills. Now, these were the recommended, I believe, | 1972--there was a 1972 dateline. We feel that the FWPCA | was too generous and we will not save Green Bay with this | sort of loading. We must deduct from these totals, how- | ever, 15,500 pounds allowed to Kimberly - Clark in | Kimberly, as that mill's pulp operation was recently shut down. So we then have a total of 60,975 pounds. Recently the Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources issued new orders to the mills on the Fox River calling for a reduction to 87,065 pounds per day total from the mills. We are asking the FWPCA to inquire why the discrepancy exists and when a reduction to at least-- (At this point, the speaker was interrupted because a table was accidentally upset.) MR. STEIN: Let's have a 10-minute recess. (RECESS ) 240 do. WespsWi tse on MR. STEIN: Let's reconvene. Would you continue. MR. FRANGOS: Mr. Chairman, our apologies to Mr. Vanlandingham, and I just offer the comment we don't | mean to inhibit any future comments. Vanlandingham, I assume that I didn't make too much of an MR. WILSON: Seeing that he has called me Mr. impression on him. MR. FRANGOS: I Know your group well, sir. MR. WILSON: We feel that the FW--well, let me see.2¢ Here we-Are gs Alle rien, | We then have a total of 60,975 pounds. era the Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources issued new | orders to the mills on the Fox calling for a reduction - 87,065 pounds per day. We are asking the FWPCA to inquire why the discrepancy exists and when a reduction to at least 60,975 pounds 5-day BOD from the mills will be implemented. The Fort Howard Paper Company recently indi- cated that they would reduce their discharges by 90 per- cent. If this is possible for them it should be possible through one sort of technology or another, for the others | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | 21 Jwmelk swWitson and we are formally requesting this conference to ask Wisconsin to demand that all the mills live up to the state of the art and reduce their BOD and suspended solidg loadings by 90 percent. These are the levels expected of the municipalities and should be demanded of industry as well. The present levels are 276,740 pounds. We ask for’! 27,074 pounds and a comparable reduction in suspended | solids. : We view the permission to allow the nuclear powerplants to dump their hot water in Lake Michigan as a violation of the intention of both Federal.and Wisconsin law. No one can say, accepting the fact of thermal bar and the current movement in the lake, that hot water will in fact mix completely in the lake. Shore areas likely will be affected to a larger extent than the entire lake. The concept of mixing zones must be restudied while ask- ing if they are established in the public interest or for some other reason. There are many menacing unknowns. If we see a scientist take one position on hot water, another can be found to take the other. The effect of hot water on other.forms ofspollution, fish, aquatic life, and algae might be substantial. It would seem minimally | | | will have a mess by orders of magnitude worse than the “DUT ercuscoLon. 2he oo °RKiPWiltson prudent to restrict these discharges until more is known about the effect. We pose a question: If the AEC is wrong and a tritium not only concentrates in the biological chain but causes harm once it does, who will have the responsibilit of dealing with a hopeless, Lake Michigan, the AEC or the FWPCA? The DDT disaster must make us aware that we can guess wrong. If we are wrong on the deliberately dis- charged radionuclides from the nuclear powerplants, we We request that you err on the side of prudence and care. Thank you. (Applause. ) MR. STEIN: ~Thank you: Are there any comments or questions? MR. FRANGOS.:~ I have none; sir. I guess I will defer at this point because Mr. Klassen of Illinois has several people that he would like to have put on. MR. KLASSEN: Mr. Chairman, the [Illinois presentation will take its regular time tomorrow. = aoe aoe ats Mrs. ef. oCchiiianit yg However, we have two ladies here from Illinois. I am | this afternoon and they cannot be here tomorrow. | responsible for saying that they probably would be on If with the leave of Wisconsin we could have | just a few moments to allow these ladies to appear to make: very short statements, we would appreciate it very much | and then we won't discuss these. I will answer any of the questions that they raise in my presentation tomor- row. Mies oes @REreNG. GO alread, #Mre Klassen. MR. KohSo GN: || othe first is Mrs- "schnanig, who represents the League of Women Voters of Glencoe. | Teeoneeo ui peecO Ce Ay sors sO Pinel ys wasn't | unduly influenced by League members, even though my wife is the local water resources chairman of the League from Springfield. (Laughter. ) Mrs. .& ..9chnanig FRAN SCHNANIG GLENCOE, ILLINOIS | LEAGUE OF WOMEN VOTERS | | | | (The following statement was read by Mrs. | Schnanig: ) : | League of Women Voters of, GPencoe... | lainois Marche.31,. 19770 | 379 Jackson Avenue | Glencoe, Illinois 60022 | STATEMENT BEFORE FOUR-STATE ENFORCEMENT CONFERENCE ON POLLUTION OF LAKE MICHIGAN The Glencoe League of Women Voters, one of the 75 Leagues participating in a Lake Michigan study, is vitally concerned with the question of scheduled water pollution control of Lake Michigan. As concerned citi- zens, as lakeshore residents, we wish to emphasize one Mrs. 2 *Schran ¢ important factor in the equation of pollution control: that is, the time factor. Lake Erie, which we all know as "a classic case of degradation..." flushes out every 5 years.2 But Lake Michigan "takes hundreds, perhaps thousands of years to cleanse itself. "3 The process of eutrophication has y And if we delay, if we already begun in Lake Michigan. fail to gear our actions to the requirements of the clock CneMetTnesauestvion of pollution Control*confronting” us here today will have become meaningless; for our lake will have died unattended while we labored to find a per- fect cure. Accordingly, the Glencoe League of Women Voters poses the following questions which we believe must be answered if the inevitable timetable of eutrophication threatening Lake Michigan is to be revised and, hopefully, reversea. 1. Can this Four-State conference again press for immediate Federal funding to provide the necessary onshore areas for polluted dredgings by the Army Corps of Engineers? 2. Are Federal funds for pollution control 245 Mrs. FF... ochnanke available immediately? If not, what is the time lapse? If there is a delay in Federal funding of the North Shore Sanitary District, how can the funds be obtained more Quickly? 3. Can, the,State,of. [lLlinods,beiter, fund, the Illinois Sanitary Water Board to assure adequate monitor- ing of the water quality of Lake Michigan? 4, .The.North, Shore Sanitary. District.is reported to be nine months to one year behind schedule in constructing some of its new pollution control facilities because of private citizen court actions against the con- struction projects. Is it possible to speed up jhe. litdi- gation process? Can we have help here from the [Illinois Attorney General? Can the courts give top priority to expediting cases involving polluters (since these cases often take so much time)? 5. In view of the existing overload of the North Shore Sanitary District facilities, is it possible to have a moratorium declared on the building of new housing and industrial developments in the area until the present waste can be effectively treated? 6. If tne North Shore Sanitary District is ee. Mrs. F. Schnanig unable to complete its proposed construction projects, ker we be faced with Lake County's effluent continuing to go directly into Lake Michigan? 7. Will the Federal Government immediately implement E.0.11507 and insist that the Great Lakes Train- ing Center and Fort Sheridan meet State and Federal stand- ards for Lake Michigan and that their facilities be operated by personnel meeting the requirements of has, certification? 8. We are concerned with taste and odor prob- lems which are peculiar to the water intake in our area. If Abbott Laboratories (whose suspended solids discharge is in violation of State standards)? isebhe tsounce tof this problem, as has been unofficially reported, what immediate steps can be taken to assure that Abbott Labora tories will indeed comply with the effluent criteria? 9. The Waukegan Works of U. S. Steel Corpora- tion has incurred violations of the State of Illinois effluent criteria. Although the company has pledged partial compliance by June 1970, still, two of its vio- lating outfalls are apparently going to continue to dis- charge large amounts of iron and spent acids into Lake Mrs. EBéinSchnanig Mi chides Can the four-State conference press for cessation of this pollution? And we would like to pose three more general Questions pertaining to the timetable for well-scheduled | pollution control in Lake Michigan: 1. Does the dilution of contaminants actually make them less contaminating? 2. Will this conference be conducting a study of the effects on water quality due to landfibijsinvolv- ing not only the proposed airport in the lake, but also any other landfill projects? 3. In view of the sparse and conflicting scientific information on the effects of pollution from nuclear powerplants, can we slow down the construction of the Zion plant until there is adequate knowledge? In Glencoe, we share, with all lakefront com- munities, the beauty of Lake Michigan. We use the beaches and the water; often we simply watch the waves break. Pollution as the result of ignorance is by now, not excused by local, State or Federal agencies. Pollution as the result of delay can no longer be tolerated. (Applause. ) —-248 Mrs. F. Schnanig (Footnotes to the above statement: ) : Kohn, Sherwood Davidson, "Warning: The Green Slime is Here," Ee A SE RS A EE ES NT NS NY SOY SY March 22, 2970 ,aruwehe . * idem. > idem. | 4 Stoermer, Dri. F., Plankton Diatom | Assemblages in Lake Michigan," Press Release, Feb. 10, 1970, FWPCA, Great Lakes Basin Region. > "Report on Effluents from Abbott Laboratories North Chicago, Illinois, January 15, 1970," FWPCA, Great Lakes Region, Lake Michigan Basin Office. | 6 "Report of Investigation of Effluents from Up. Sd. Steel Corporation Waukegan Works, Waukegan, Illinois February 19, 1970," FWPCA, Great Lakes Region, Lake Michi gan Basin Office. | MR arolioNwet DThank you. Do you want to wait up there a moment? I will answer some of the Federal questions while you are here, and if Mr. Klassen wants to wait until tomorrow for the State, that is fine. 2h9 Mrs.F. Schnanig Question 1, "Can this four-State conference again press for immediate Federal funding to provide the necessary onshore areas for polluted dredgings by the Army Corps of Engineers?" As you know, we have been working through the years and I guess you can say for Mr. Klassen that he has been as active in this as anyone, and [I share this with very few people of being active in getting polluted dredgings out of the lake- I will say that Mr. Klassen has been as active as anyone trying to get these polluted dGredgings put within onshore diked areas. As has been indicated this morning, we hope to have something worked out with the Corps of Engineers for this period, but as in this and many other of your questions, funding is dependent upon the action of the Congress. As I have said many times, we are not here with this multimillion dollar program or several billion dollar program to clean up Lake Michigan just to make it available for a dump. This is not our purpose. And we hope to move on that, but as you recognize in the water field, all these questions are complicated. I don't mean this as a ducking operation, but you have to and the Fie ha} Mrs. F. Schnanig League has to keep watching. "Are Federal funds for pollution control available immediately?" The answer to that is generally yes. Now, we have had this year appropriation of $800 million dollars and an increase over last year of $214 million dollars for construction grant funds. The President has recentiy announced a $4 billion Federal financing, $10 billion to- tal program for the increase. We would hope that this would receive favorable consideration from the Congress. If it does, the funds will be made available as soon as the Congress makes them available and if this is so we make every effort to get these out to the State as soon as we can. Now, I am going to skip down to some of your other questions. Question 7 about whether the Federal Govern- ment will immediately implement its Executive Order and insist that the Great Lakes Training Center and Fort Sheridan meet State and Federal requirements. The President recently announced that both Great Lakes Training Center and Fort Sheridan would meet these and he also set aside specific money--not only said they would do it,but he provided the aol Mrs. F. Schnanig money to do this, so I think we are on our way. You have two questions here about Abbott Laboratories, and the Waukegan Works of the United States Steel Corporation. We will listen to Mr. Klassen and others who wish to talk on these problems and if we are not satisfied that Abbott Laboratories and the Waukegan Works of U. S. Steel are meeting State and Federal stand- ards or that the State is taking appropriate action, I am sure we will consider 180-day notices against those companies. But I. don't want to prejudge this. We have to listen to what the State is going to do and if repre- sentatives from these industries are here what they are doing before we make a judgment. That deals with the Federal answers. Mr. Mayo points out that,’ Will the facilities be operated by personnel meeting the requirements of Illinois certification?" I know the States love this kind of thing. I think that our people should at least meet the requirements, Federal people, of State certification. However, this is a very, very difficult philosophic prob- lem. You know, we used to be in the Public Health Service and we would get material such as the State of 252 Mrs. F. Schnanig Texas wanting the doctors working for the Public Health Service to be licensed in Texas, otherwise they couldn't work there. The position that the Federal establish- ment has maintained all the time is that we cannot,as a philosophic operation, and again considering the powers and the functions of the Federal Government, considering the war powers and all the other powers, make Federal officials subject to State certification and order them to carry out their profession. However, in principle-- rather, in substance I agree that they should have at least the requirements of a State operator before they would operate the plant or we are not going to do it. But I ask you to appreciate the more involved aspects of the problem on the broad question of whether we can submit a Federal professional person to State certification. MRS. SCHNANIG: Thank you. MR. STEIN: Are there any other comments? Mr. Klassen? MR. KLASSEN: My presentation will be tomorrow and other discussions, and if there is any further dis- cussion that answers to the question I will furnish it to the ladies, but they all will be answered. 253 K. Lehner And incidentally, this is the only presenta- tion. The other people have deferred until tomorrow. And I want to thank Wisconsin for letting us use this time and also thank the Glencoe League and Mrs. Schnanig. MRS. SCHNANIG: Thank you. MR. STEIN: Thank eee very much. MR. FRANGOS: Is that all? Is there a representative from the Wisconsin Electric Power Company here? KENNETH LEHNER SUPERINTENDENT OF CHEMICAL SERVICES WISCONSIN ELECTRIC POWER COMPANY MILWAUKEE, WISCONSIN MR. LEHNER: -My name is Kenneth Lehner. I xa Superintendent of Chemical Services for the Wisconsin Electric Power Company and I am going to read a statement from Mr. Sol Burstein, who is the Senior Vice President of the Wisconsin Electric Power Company. (Which said statement is as follows:) 254 THIRD BeeSETH SESSION OF CONFERENCE POLLUTION OF LAKE MICHIGAN AND ITS TRIBUTARY BASIN (WISCONSIN-ILLINOIS-INDIANA-MICHIGAN) Mammen, 31 459 10:. Statement of Sol Burstein, Senior Vice President of Wisconsin Electric Power Company My name is Sol Burstein. I am Senior Vice President of Wisconsin Electric Power Company, the parent company of an investor-owned utility system, providing electric, steam and gas services in eastern Wisconsin and parts of upper Michigan. The parent company, Wisconsin Electric, serves an area of 4,015 square miles located in 15 counties in southern and eastern Wisconsin. A subsidiary, Wisconsin Michigan Power Company, provides electric sScrvice in an area of 2,533 square miles located in 12 counties in east central and northeastern Wisconsin, and 6,090 miles located in 11 counties in the Upper Peninsula of Michigan. Another subsidiary, Wisconsin Natural Gas Company, is engaged in the distribution and sale of natural gas in an area of approximately 1,730 square miles located in 8 counties in southeastern Wisconsin. The service areas of the electric and gas utilities are shown on exhibits attached to this statement. At the end of 1969 our combined system provided electric service to 673,200 customers and gas service to 144,800 custo- mers. Almost.700 customers in downtown Milwaukee purchased cen- 255 tral district steam from the parent company. Wisconsin Electric Power Company owns and operates Six fossil fueled electric generating plants in Milwaukee and Ozaukee Counties, comprising a tota] of 2,720,000 kw. Wiscon- Sin Michigan Power Company has one steam plant in Appleton with a capacity of 20,000 kw and sixteen hydroelectric plants in Wisconsin and Michigan with an installed capacity of 90,589 kw. Wisconsin Electric Power and Wisconsin Michigan Power are presently building the Point Beach Nuclear Plant at Two Creeks, Manitowoc County, Wisconsin, which will include two pressurized water reactor units of 497,000 kw each. Unit l will be placed in service in 1970 and Unit 2 in 1971. The Wisconsin Electric Power Company system is the largest electric utility in the State of Wisconsin; and, due to the nature of its generating plants, it is one of the major non-consumptive users of lake water for cooling purposes. Ir June of 1966, Governor Warren P. Knowles convened two confer- ences on Lake Michigan pollution. I presented some facts con- cerning electric power plants at the Governor's conference in Milwaukee on June 28, 1966. My remarks are included in the proceedings of those conferences and are basically as appli- cable today as they were four years ago. I should like to re-emphasize a few observations and recommendations concerning the objectives and proposals of this 256 Four State Lake Michigan Conference. 1. An adequate and reliable electric power supply is vital to this region and to the nation and electric utili- ties must have the use of adequate sites for power plants needed to meet these requirements for generation of electri- city. Because of fuel transportation limits, plant locations along waterways are desirable. Because of the thermodynamics involved in the process of generating electricity, locations along substantial water courses are essential, Since no ac- ceptable alternatives are available. 2. Electric utilities are facing increasing competi- tion for plant sites because land resources are limited and the ingredients of a good location for electric generation makes available land also attractiv: for other uses. We agree that the problems associated with power plant locations con- cern federal and state regulatory agencies having responsi- bilities in regard to electric power supply and also concern agencies having responsibility for environmental quality. These are not necessarily mutually conflicting concerns, and in the total public interest they must receive appropriate consideration and, if necessary, compromise. 3. We believe that power plants will have to be con- structed on lake sites, and we believe they can be built to meet reasonable limitations set by the states or by the De- partment of Interior - Water Pollution Control Administration. 257 Insofar as thermal effects are concerned, changes to the waters of Lake Michigan as a whole due to warm water discharges from all sources, including power plants, are non-existent. We are all cognizant of the fact that excess heat resulting from thermal water discharges is eventually transferred to the at- mosphere by radiation and evaporation. If there is an area of concern, then it must be the area or zone immediately ad- jacent to the point of discharge. This mixing zone is a limi- ted area in which dispersion and blending take place and where some changes may be expected in the event of prolonged expo- sure by immobile aquatic elements. From measurements taken at existing plants along Lake Michigan and from studies al- ready performed at the Point Beach Nuclear Plant, we know that heat dissipation is very rapid. We anticipate that the maxi- mum distance that any temperature increase could be detected is in the order of 3500 to 5000) feet (from thespoint lo madion charge. Along with other observers, we have come to know that the warmer water discharged, quickly forms a thin surface layer and there is essentially no temperature change a few feet below the surface. About 70% to 80% of the area covered by this plume of warmer water is from 2° to 5° above the am- bient water temperature. Temperature measurements at the Point Beach Nuclear Plant site taken over the last two years 258 to obtain thermal data for this particular area prior to placing the plant in service, indicate that the natural tem- perature changes in a relatively few days in August and September of 1969 were greater than 20° due to variations in wind, lake conditions and cloud cover. Even greater tempera- ture changes occur naturally between summer and winter when the shallow lake areas shoreline summer temperatures may be as high as 60°, compared to freezing conditions of 32° and below in winter. I am sure this conference is aware of a recent state- ment from the Federal Water Pollution Control Administration indicating that the heat input from all present power plants on the shores of Lake Michigan would not raise the overall lake temperature more than one-tenti of 1°, and that even this minute effect would be nullified during the following winter season. I believe this Conference is also aware that the heat energy absorbed by Lake Michigan waters from the sun is many times greater than any man-made influence, and that records started some hundred years ago indicate that the average tem- perature of Lake Michigan has shown a natural decline. It is now about 2° cooler than a century ago, despite substantial increases in thermal discharges due to population and indus- try located on its shores. 4. Although we believe we have sufficient temperature data concerning the thermal capacity of Lake Michigan, monitor- 259 ing programs are desirable to determine local effects. We Support the continuation and, where necessary, expansion of such programs and the development of more accurate methods of prediction. In this regard, we, together with a number of other electric generating utilities on Lake Michigan, have funded monitoring and research programs, among which is the $185,000 University of Michigan program covering the study of the radiological inventory and capacity of Lake Michigan. 5. In some particular cases, industrial facilities, like power plants, on the shores of bodies of water, have beneficial aspects which should be considered in regard to oxygenation of water where substantial organic loads increase oxygen demands within the hypolimnion. The use of this colder water (hypolimnion) for cooling purposes and its return to the surface layers of the lake aid in the needed water oxygenation by exposing naturally colder waters depleted of oxygen to the atmosphere, wind and wave actions. If the circulation of cooling water is large enough, or the temperature sufficiently high, ice formation in winter can be reduced and the ice barrier between atmosphere and water eliminated, thereby in- creasing oxygenation capability. 6. The Conference among its previous recommendations suggested the creation of a special committee on nuclear dis- charges and thermal pollution of power plants and reactors. Insofar as thermal effects are concerned, we fail to note the 260 difference between thermal discharges from a nuclear power plant. or from any other source. In regard to nuclear dis- charges, we believe it is neceSsary. once again, to call attention to the fact that the Atomic Energy Commission has sét extremely low and rigid limits on radioactive releases and all nuclear power plants are subject to regulations in their design, construction and operation by this Commission. It has been well demonstrated that normal nuclear power plant releases are substantially below the safety limits established by the Atomic Energy Commission. The disposal of solid radioactive substances is regulated by the State of Wiscon- Sin under the Radiation Protection Code of the Wisconsin Ad- ministrative Code. Plans and operations. for nuclear, as well as fossil fuel, power plants are subject to regulation by a number of state agencies, including in Wisconsin the Public Service Commission and the Department of Natural Resources. We be- lieve that the committee proposed by the Conference would essentially duplicate the efforts of these other regulatory agencies with resultant delays in the construction of neces- sary facilities without any proportionate benefit. 261 One more observation: the electric utility indus- try has located energy conversion devices in large central power stations to take advantage of the economies of scale. These concentrations of generating facilities with their attendant large use of fuel and cooling water have resulted in substantial benefits to the public, but have also focused immediate attention to their singular nature. Nonetheless, the application of electricity to do man's work continues on the whole to be more effective in the intelligent utilization of natural resources, including protection of the environment, than any available alternative. 262 MASS io ees dace CHAMPION COVINGTON < re I G farUce ‘ |cROSSI \ i m4 M = eee ise: LAKES efi N .4 1 ots aang teks Oty a 1 eer pe f Pe ny ee 2 GULLIVER ops LONG LAKE > = 2 ANON MOUNTAIN ; PINE: 2 as " : 9 lemasioeo yas Pe, Sige hatte 7 BIG_QUINNESEC FALLS FEA <> Lp t Q eS = \ ‘ J 4 ’ E | yD ‘a .Y BONDUEL PULASK! iS Wy ret. POINT A’ BEACH sueger Construction) ELECTRIC SYSTEM MAP WISCONSIN ELECTRIC POWER COMPANY AND ITS SUBSIDIARY WISCONSIN MICHIGAN POWER COMPANY NY Pe peer KEWASKU x y wer |{ / Re BEND PORT WASHINGTON f LAKESIDE 345Kv OAK CREEK 69Kv — 230Kv CERTAIN OTHER SUPPLY LINES m~ Am biome ] ‘ » ©} STEAM POWER PLANT Sag aes fins Ge HYDROELECTRIC POWER PLANT —— aN ae - 5 | WATERTOWN 4 menomonee [Facts ¥ Ay com mMeRCE BL j aap FAST WELLS A. PRINCIPAL SUBSTATION ba SULEY & SL MLW AUKEE MAJOR TRANSMISSION LINES —_—=_ eeeeeee LINES OF OTHER UTILITIES | INTERCONNECTION SERVICE AREA UNSHADED -—— .. Scale of Miles eee rere o WwW » ” ” ! ' h NUCLEAR PLANT June $9, 1969 ereesoecseces ott evecceres ! eee ee ee ee mt Leena Ke SYSTEM MAP 263 OF WISCONSIN NATURAL GAS COMPATIY fof ROG SFE ANC ee SSS oe 2) w LEGEND C22) service apra —— sO FRINGPAL GAS MAIN —-—— PIPELINE OF OTHERS | &i GATE STATION NCORFORATED COMMUNITY Lane wee oe ew we WASHINGTON OZAUKEE JORUINGON Cop ee ao “HID AHY sorter PN WATE EL d el egsl oe te he ‘ 5 eae ic)ewa O50 ge as Sean tae Pee gl «6 sp si febs Sue ohe = pe sestont cy A : ibe i ol eae a, Foe \\ ROCK - « Ritrd . . N\ PMA 3 WALWORTH BICMIGON WISCONSIN PIPF INE COMPaNY Se » a N\ Oss mk ' > ‘ OIPTUINE NANCO 24M OPLALIFO AF ’ ‘ LN OS MARCH 31,1968 264 K. Lehner MR. LEHNER: Thank you. MR. STEIN: Thank you. Are there any comments or questions? As I understand it, you say that the AEC is doing this job and a committee isn't necessary? MR. LEHNER: I would suspect that is the stand of the vice president of Wisconsin Electric Power Com- pany, yes. MR. STEIN: You know, we tried that in Minne- sota and the State wasn't too happy with that. I wonder what happened? MR. LEHNER: Well, it is my understanding that LVteS ses tidWwans lita gationk MR. STEIN: That is right..yvibatidewrightesnAs a matter of fact, today we are in litigation in the District Court in Miami, Florida, against Florida Power and Light when we tried it. So I don't know, it may be to the advantage of the industry and us if we get together with this committee. Where we have got two wonderful cases of litigation, I don't believe that is the way to handle the issue. MR. LEHNER: Well, I am sure you can bank on 265 K. Lehner our cooperation. MR. STEIN: I think what the conferees were trying to do was to try to hold a hand out to the industry to see if we can handle these cases without going into litigation, both with the State and the Federal Govern- ment. The difficulty is if the industry says it isn't necessary and a duplication,and we find that the record shows that,we wind up in court. Maybe we should--I don't know, why don't we think about whether you would rather deal with the committee or the way to handle this is to go (\to couric. MR. LENHER: I would think we would like to deal with one body. Duplication implies somewhat use- lessness, I would say. MR. STEIN: I think this is our system of government. You may be satisfied with one agency of government, but just look what we have up here--we have four States and the Federal Government represented; we deal with our sister agency; you saw, the Corps of Engineers; I think the AEC is here. This is a fact of life in the country when you are dealing with water in sitbibeh all these people are interested. ae ae ies 266 K. Lehner I say this advisedly because I think this is a serious problem. Maybe the conferees are wrong on this, but unless we recognize and then approach this with the idea that we are going to get together at the initial stages and try to have a committee work this out, the indication to me .itesctiranh a etiwimdatupicin iol 02.90 Sto Yor are going to say that we shouldn't have this committee ee ing on this, then, as I see it, the alternative ‘i's ‘one where weiwisld! be. Sitting in court as they are in Minne- sota and Florida. Maybe that is what we are going to do?. ‘But the device we are trying to use here is to try to set up some kind of dialogue between the State authorities, Federal authorities and the industry so we can avoid this. I hope your industry will meet us halfway, because if I weren't up here now, maybe the other assignment would have been more attractive considering the weather. I would have been down in Miami on that | case. This is an issue that we are going to face intreas~ ingly. I hope you won't reject the approach of these | conferees and let this get out of hand. MR. LEHNER: No, I don't think we mean that. 267 K. Lehner I think we mean to question it somewhat, and I certainly want to go on record as saying we will meet anybody more than halfway. We certainly, in our dealings with the Atomic Energy Commission, have learned the facts of life on that score. I think it is a matter of the multiplicity of approaches that confuses us somewhat. MRew STRAINS? sly dont ttitthsinks jety Vissrat muslet ipl iscditan. Let me get specific. I would like to ask this of Mr. Klassen. Mr. Klassen, do you recall what your mixing zone is in Illinois for heat? Mr. Klassen, is he here? MR. LELAND: He had to step out. MR. STEIN: Oh, he had to step out. I don't know whether Mr. Leland knows. To my recollection this is 200 feet or 600 feet? MR. LELAND: Six hundred. MR. STEIN: Six hundred feet. You are pro- posing, as I recall, you said 3,500 feet. MR. LEHNER: That isn't necessarily a mixing zone. That is where you could possibly detect the top molecule of warmer water. The mixing zone I think is a rather nebulous definition or concept. 268 K. Lehner MR. *STEEN: -°Then-a- Tittle” later” you talked about--in other words, you are not talking about 3,500 feet mixing zone? Maybe I misunderstood you. That is interesting. MR. LEHNER: No, I said, "We anticipate that the maximum distance that any temperature increase could be detected is in the order of 3,500 to 5,000 feet." The basis, I think, for that statement is the infrared photographs anda surveys we have had made of our existing powerplants. MR. STEIN: Well, that philosophy seems to me suspiciously close to the philosophy of the ‘'assimilative capacity of the streams that they used to talk about before we got all these polluted streams around the country. This gets me. And you talk 5 degrees above the water temperature when at least our National Advisory Committee, as far as I understood, recommended 3 degrees for lake temperature. Now, again,when this is well known and put out and we have disparities such as this, the more I hear this and see this,the more I think the committee might be a good idea if you people would sit 269 K. Lehner down and talk to them; because these are precisely the kinds of differences which when they are not talked out lead to these court cases. MR. LEHNER: I don't think there has been any absence of dialogue, frankly. MR. STEIN: No. Well, it is a question of meaningful dialogue. I guess if you really want to do this, in some cases diatribe is dialogue, but I don't know that that satisfies anything. Sir, I submit to you that seally, if .tolistened to your statement correctly, there are pretty significant differences, not in the policy or in the procedure but in the substance of what you are saying--what perhaps they are doing in Illinois, and what the national committee has recommended. I would suggest if we are talking in terms of powerplants, and I mean heat from all sources, not just powerplants--and I agree with you on that, that I don't care where the heat comes from it has to be con- trolled--but if we are talking about heat going into Lake Michigan, I think in view of what I hear our technical people saying and your people saying,that the sooner we begin talking and try to narrow that gap the better we K. Lehner are all going to be. MR. LEHNER: I can't disagree there. MRS SEEN: PRAMAS aieh't-. Any other comment or question? Dien Ocseeunank you very much, sir. Mr. Frangos. MR. FRANGOS: Are there any other groups from Wisconsin that wish to make a presentation that haven't contacted me? That concludes our presentation, Mr. Chairman. MR. STEIN: “We will recess until 9:30 tomorrow morning when we will hear from Illinois, Indiana, and then have a discussion among the conferees. MR. PURDY: Are you going to leave me out? MR So THIN ONGs “EPam=sorry, late*but not for- gotten. We will also hear from Michigan. (Whereupon, at 4:35 o'clock, an adjournment was taken until 9:30 o'clock, Wednesday, April 1, 1970.) pel 104 MORNING SESSION Wednesday, April 1, 1970 (9:30 o'clock) MR. STEIN: Let's reconvene. I believe Mr. Frangos of Wisconsin has one more statement. Is that correct? MR. FRANGOS: That is correct, Mr. Chairman. | Before getting into that, I would like to intro duce to the panel and public and for the record Mr. Donald J. Mackie, who is the Assistant Secretary of the Department of Natural Resources. He will serve as a con- feree today. You will recall that yesterday Governor Knowles suggested that perhaps the conferees would be interested in seeing some of the activities here in Wisconsin as they relate to the several problems of agricultural pol- lution. We have with us today Professor Marvin Beatty, who is an Extension Specialist with the Soils Department with the University of Wisconsin at Madison, and he would like to make a presentation, which I think at least is a hopeful indication that one sector of our polluters is awakening to the fact that there is a problem and I think we are going to be seeing some things happening in the a2 M. T. Beatty near future in this area. So I would like to introduce Professor Beatty. He does have a slide presentation. MARVIN T. BEATTY, PROFESSOR SOIL SCIENCE DEPARTMENT UNIVERSITY OF WISCONSIN MADISON, WISCONSIN PROFESSOR BEATTY: Mr. Chairman, ladies and gentlemen. I am happy to be here this morning for a brief presentation on one aspect of concern with our animal waste and byproduct management problems in Wisconsin. I understand that yesterday some aspects of this program and problems were already discussed and my presentation this morning is an outgrowth and adaptation of a presen- tation which was prepared by two of my colleagues and myself for a conference on farm animal waste and byproduct management which was held at the University of Wisconsin last November. As a part of that conference we attempted to indicate what might be critical situations in animal ofS: M. T. Beatty waste and byproduct management from an environmental point of view. Now, in this area of concern there are several factors which prompt increased interest in the effects of animal wastes and byproducts. First, of course, is the general increase in co cern about what is happening to our environment. Second is the increased number of nonfarm resi- dences in rural areas. This is often, but not always, the result of urban sprawl. Third there is the increased size of commercial farming operations, which means more concentrations of animals. Fourth there is the decrease in relative cost of commercial fertilizers, which in turn diminishes the value of animal manures as a fertilizer material. The kinds of situations in which problems may develop with animal wastes and byproduct depend on the interaction of several factors and it is these factors that I want to talk about this morning and illustrate with some slides. These factors include the kinds and amounts of animal wastes themselves, the sources, where they are located, how large they are, how concentrated 274 MSY Py"Beatty they are, the proximity to people, the physical environ- ment. Most of my slides are going to deal with this point. This includes such things as the characteristics of the bedrock, the landscape, the hydrologic system and | the soil, and finally the uses and demands on our land and water resources. One ofr the-marn-points that*l-wourtd“@tike”~ to make this morning is that these factors which I have just enumerated are extremely variable from place to place; that, therefore, there is no one easy answer to the problems which exist or which may develop. Along with the idea that problems and critical situations are diverse, I feel that solutions must be of several kinds | and must likely include State, local and Federal action, woizch > or “courses a s*Onésofowhesreadstns! your fetks-+ ave | here today. A key part of the action is analysis of the problem or critical situations where problems may develop. To*iritustrate’these’f would tvke~to“use-some*slideés,and I must apologize’ for the fact that all of these come from Wisconsin. I will have to ask you to imagine how M. T. Beatty these may fit if you are representing one of the neighboring States, but let me assure you that the things which I am pointing out here are equally applicable in principle and in some cases in fact to your States as well. Turning to the slides, let us just point out that Wisconsin animal population as of January 1 this year included about 4 million cattle and calves, 1.6 million hogs, 7 million chickens and turkeys, and that 3 million of the 4 million cattle were dairy animals. This is somewhat different than the situation in some of the neighboring States, for instance Illinois. One of the points that we would like to make an analysis of these problems is to find out the distri- bution of the animals. In Wisconsin the distribution is not uniform by any means, as this slide illustrates here. The dense distribution is in the southern part of the State. Colors on this slide shown in red and pink indi- cate the highest densities, green is intermediate, blue is quite low, and the yellow areas in the north indicate very low density of total animals, total cattle and calves on a county basis. 276 M. T. Beatty Most of the animals in Wisconsin, as I had mentioned consist of dairy cows. The distribution of these dairy animals within the State is shown on this slide. Again the red colors indicate the highest densities, then green, blue, yellow. This indicates that in the Lake Michigan Basin, which is of concern to you folks, we have some of the highest densities of dairy cattle and calves in Wisconsin. If we look at that another way, the distribu- tion on a dock count basis, prepared by the Wisconsin State Department of Agriculture, looks something like this. We have strong distribution along the east side of the State, also in the northwest, and in the south- west, with blanks essentially in the center and in the far north. Wisconsin hog population, as one might expect since we are on the edge of the corn belt, is strongly concentrated in the southern tiers of counties and does not extend over a very large geographic area of the State. The point of these slides is simply to illus- trate that analysis of the distribution of animals is one — | in northwestern Wisconsin where we have very substantial M. T. Beatty key point in attacking these kinds of problems. An analysis of this kind which we made ona State basis could. be done regionally, could be done on a watershed basis and could be done on a ‘county basis. In other words, it is amenable to several levels of utilization. The poultry industry in Wisconsin is character- ized in general terms by large numbers of turkeys and large commercial operations and those are shown on the upper numbers within any given county. These are largely numbers in certain areas. The egg operations, commercial oe eeere eal cuits are principally in southeastern Wisconsin, in efes numbers being concentrated in Jeffer- son and Waukesha Counties. We have two areas of more specialized poultry operations, a broiler industry over in the western side of the State with substantial numbers of birds and a large duck sige tee oupett Racine County. In addition to considering animals, the distri- bution of people is extremely important, because many of our evdidae are arising because of negative interactions between people and animals. This slide became even more ee Ms’ T. Beatty out of date today, I guess this is the day we turn in OUT CeTsus"= t1eures, vu. iu Snows Che Uls tra dbucvron oD Wisconsin people in 1960. Some of the trends that are shown here will become even more pronounced in 1970 as our’ cities decentralize,~and“so-on, and’ the kinds of interactions that we have are going to be extremely important. If we compare the distribution of livestock and the distribution of people on a Statewide basis it is easy to see that there are broad areas of eastern Wisconsin, precisely the areas you are concerned with in part today, where both people and animals are concen- trated. The significance of this again is readily transferable to regional, county or local situations. The critical situations with animal wastes and byproducts which may develop are not dependent only on the distribution of livestock and people. There are several physical factors which play extremely important roles. One of these is the geologic materials which physically underlie any given State. These materials can have significance Statewide or regionwide or within a county or smaller areas. It can be seen from this map, which*is ‘illustrative of Wisconsin, ‘that bedrock*is 279 M. T. Beatty distinctly different between regions. The differences are reflected in land forms from rolling bluffs such as these along the Mississippi River of the west, which we can show in cross section something like this, with steep slopes, integrated drainage systems and a well-developed, mature landscape. In contrast we have differences such as this one shown by diagram schematically, one of our graciated areas, very short irregular slopes, many areas of undrained depressions, a poorly-integrated drainage system, and some of your problems with animal waste move- ment to surface waters are going to be quite different in this situation than they would in the former. Soils have a very important role here. This slide is diagramatic of what can be done by way of analysis. Soil maps can be made at many levels of generalization. This one shows some of the major properties of broad groups of sotis in the State. It has an interesting tie back to the animal distribution, wiich is probably less apparent on the geologic map. The areas shown in red around Green Bay and Lake Winnebago, the Lake Michigan shoreline, are also one of the areas of concentration of dairy animals. So the soils have an 280 M. T. Beatty influence on the farming in the broad long-term sense. They also have an influence on how animal wastes may be managed within any short-term situation. In addition to bedrock and soils, the hydro- logic situation must be given consideration. This slide shows the variation of annual precipitation across the State. It varies about 10 inches. It is influenced, of course, .by solls,..climate,; and it contributes, .in®the pattern by which the precipitation falls, whether it is rain or snow, whether it leaves slowly or rapidly, to some of the kinds of problems which may be developed and it may influence some of the solutions to animal waste management problems. Lakes play an important part in the hydro- logic system of large areas of Wisconsin and some of the neighboring States as well. The numbers of named lakes vary from none in some counties of southwestern Wisconsin to a high of 548 in Vilas County or northeastern Wiscon- sin, and because of the value of these as a recreational resource and their esthetic value as well, because of the influence that they may have in the hydrologic sys- tem, they must come into any kind of analysis of Ui. 281 M. T. Beatty animal waste management possibilities or problems in a given area. Putting some of these figures together, it can be seen from this slide that from 6 to 20 inches of water ultimately appears as runoff in Wisconsin. The amount is greatest in the north, gradually decreases to the south, and this variation significantly influences our pollution problems. We can summarize this somewhat further by means of a very general map of hydrologic provinces showing suc differences across Wisconsin as those which can be characterized principally as a bedrock province, others glacial drift provinces, outwash and other provinces which I won't stop to mention here. As we move from analysis of the earth resource problems, we must not fail to realize that as we think of some fairly simple critical situations that these are really very complex. For example, this nitrogen cycle with its many interrelationships, where we show animal manure entering at one point, going through a series of transformations and participating in a number of very complex and interrelated reactions, we must realize that _ 282 M.-T. Beatty this is the kind of situation with which we are dealing and that simply making a change at one point on this cycle may or may not have an immediate effect, may not have any effect at all if some other part of the system is contributing to the problem and is not adequately treated at the same time. Having emphasized that this is a critical situation or a complex situation, let us turn and look at six or seven simple situations that we see in Wiscon- sin where animal wastes and their management are creat- ing and probably will create more critical problems. One is where large concentrations of animals and people are in close promixity. And we view some car- toon-type slides to illustrate these. As people move out and as animal wastes become more concentrated in larger farm operations, we find more and more of the situation typified by this cartoon here, odor problems, noise, dust, and these are some of the most difficult problems with which to contend. As we see more and more of this from our airplanes, we are going to see more and more of the kind of feelings expressed in that previous slide. Another of our critical situations is that 283 M. T. Beatty which develops when we Nave high livestock densities. When we have these, we are going to have more animal wastes, more possibilities for pollution and the need for more sophisticated types of treatment and management processes. This slide is a little bit dark, may be hard to see. It simply typifies one of our major dairy operations with a large number of animals clustered on the slope near a stream which is just above a lake, and perhaps we could typify the situation, a third critical situation,a little better this way. We have large areas of Wisconsin with watersheds which include both streams and lakes, very productive soils, large animal operations, when you think of them county or regionwide with our productive dairy systems of farming, and when we have this, we have a rich system of farming, we have rich water, we have all of the possibilities for eutrophi- cation. We might mention that this kind of situation is most apt to occur or is occurring in the glaciated parts of eastern Wisconsin, which is again part of the area with which you folks are concerned. This aerial "anh OME Soa ea | 284 M. T. Beatty shot of one of our major lakes with the farmland around it illustrates the kind of area where we may expect this kind of problem to develop. Another problem which needs to be analyzed, treated, and I think we mentioned yesterday some treat- ment measures have been initiated, deals with the animals yarded along flood plains or stream channels in many of our Wisconsin areas. Many of Wisconsin farmsteads and other areas as well were originally established near a stream. Barnyards often join or cross the stream. A dairy herd that may have had 20 cows in it a few years ago may now have 50, 100 or more, and as more animals are kept on one farm and as they are kept confined year-round, the pollution potential increases. The manure washed from these barnyards may consume valuable oxygen in the stream and if critical levels are not maintained aquatic life suffers and so does the appearance of the stream. This situation can occur in many parts of the State. Western Wisconsin appears to be particularly vulnerable because of its long narrow valleys and the tendency to locate farmsteads in these valleys adjacent 285 M. T. Beatty to the stream. One of the possibilities for State or regional or local action in this regard that I have mentioned to a number of audiences is simply inventory, the number of farmsteads in which this situation occurs where the animals are right in or the barnyard adjoins the stream channel, the floodway or the flood plain. Wisconsin has large areas of limestone. If we had paused with the geology map awhile ago this could have been pointed out. But areas of shallow soils over these, limestones, soils. like. this,..are extensive. in some areas. ..Door County,..in.your..area. of. concern,. would; be..a particularly good example. Detailed soil studies are needed in these kinds of situations before waste disposal facilities are installed, particularly underground. There is some concern with putting in manure holding tanks so that the manure might not be spread in the winter. This could be a very desirable thing in some areas. Putting it over a soil like this could be extremely undesirable if one of these, would ever spring a leak. . This. kind. of limestone immediately beiow the soil can transmit untreated or polluted liquids very rapidly to wells or M. T. Beatty possibly to surface waters. So where we have shallow soils of this Kind, we are very concerned about what kind of wastes mi gent “be” put’ in”> or” on” the-sort. Likewise, sandy soils, which are extensive in central Wisconsin and which I know occur in the neighbor- ing States of Illinois, Indiana, and Michigan, can cause critical situations to develop since much of the pre- cipitation which falls on soils like these infiltrates. We have noted the buildup of nitrates under barnyard drainage areas at one of our experimental farms at Han- cock and this illustrates at least that there is a potential hazard. One redeeming feature of these soils, | however, is that they are highly permeable and dilution may take place more rapidly here than in other areas where we have less permeable soils. One of the areas in one of the more important critical situations of the seven that I wish to mention which occurs in Wisconsin develops when manure is spread on sloping land in the winter. The research results are extremely limited as yet, but reported losses under some circumstances can be great. It is easiest to understand the significance of the numbers shown on this slide, M. T. Beatty which is a compilation of data from a couple of sources, two years research results in Wisconsin, one year of research results from about thirty years ago conducted in Vermont, and I think if we can zoom that lens down just a little bit we can get a little more data there on the bottom. Thank you. These data indicate the extreme variability of losses in terms of pounds of nitrogen and pounds of phos- phorus from the runoff when manure was spread in Wiscon- sin at the rate of 15 tons per acre on an 11 percent slope in the winter, and in this particular situation in 1967 344 of an inch of rain occurred the next day. This is a very uncommon combination of circumstances, but nevertheless the fact that it occurred indicates that a hazard does exist. The next year when the same practices were carried out there was no measurable loss of nitrogen or phosphorus in the runoff. We are going to need more research to give probabilities of various losses occurrin but the magnitude of losses which occurred in 1967 and also the magnitude of losses which occurred from the results reported from Vermont, the bottom set of data, 288 M. T. Beatty indicate that we have a potential here for some serious movement of nitrogen and phosphorus to surface waters, and in situations where we have watersheds with large numbers of lakes this could cause a serious problem. This prompts some of the concern, which I am sure you have noted, about alternative ways of storing, handling and distributing manure not in the winter but the follow- ing spring. These are seven critical situations which we can identify for Wisconsin which I suspect occur in other States, and we would like to call your attention to the fact that these need to be considered by people planning treatment or management measures. In the presentation last fall we asked the participants, who numbered about 200, some of these questions: Where in your area of work does there exist the potential for significant negative interaction betwee animal wastes and people? What are the water quality standards in your area? Do the current animal waste handling practices adversely affect streams by pollution or lakes by nutrient 289 M. T. Beatty enrichment? Are the wells in your area being checked for quality? May we have the lights, please, while I sum- marize. These examples, I think, illustrate some of the points that we must consider as we plan remedial and treatment measures in the future, and solution or preven- tion of these problems, to me at least, must include several activities. To me these include: Analysis and research of rural ecosystems, which include consideration of the factors which I have illustrated here with the slides. Second, developing and testing of additional Management systems for handling animal wastes and by- products. Research is under way. I feel that more is definitely needed. Third, we must give integrated consideration to the ecological, esthetic, economic and technological factors involved so as to develop sound and coordinated plans and action programs. I feel that if these things are done, local Se SCs URN eee nes a eee 4s 1 M. T. Beatty people, as I have talked with them, are concerned, they are willing to cooperate and participate in these kinds of programs. During the time that elapsed from the con- ference we held last fall until now we have talked about this to a variety of people in rural areas and invariably we have had a very favorable response when these kinds of problems and concerns are brought before them. They are not negative in the sense of saying, "Well, we are not doing anything wrong, we don't want to change." They are concerned. They would like to know what they can do to change the practices that might be causing problems. They would like definite integrated answers and they would like to know that others who might be participating in the pollution of surface or ground waters are likewise being asked to make suitable changes. With this background of concern and thought among rural people, farmers, farm leaders and others, I think that the possibilities for making constructive changes and having them accepted by local people are excellent. I would like to thank you folks very much for the opportunity this morning to present this somewhat 291 M. T. Beatty ecological and natural resource oriented presentation of the kinds of considerations that I feel are needed and I hope that as we proceed in this concern for improving the quality of our waters we may take these into account and at another time perhaps we can talk about solutions and not entirely the kinds of considerations that must be given in attacking the problem. Thank you very much. MR. STEIN: Thank you very much, Professor. Does Wisconsin have anything further? MR. FRANGOS: That concludes our presentation. I would like to express my thanks to Professor Beatty for coming on such short notice. Again I repeat that I think this is an encouraging sign that there is an awareness in other areas in terms of pollution prob- lems, and if we are really going to make progress we are going to have to examine very closely and move into these areas away from the traditional point source type of solutions that we have been concerned with for quite a while. That concludes our presentation. MR. STEIN: Thank you very much, Mr. Frangos. C. W. Klassen We will now call on Illinois. Mr. Klassen. CLARENCE W. KLASSEN, TECHNICAL SECRETARY ILLINOIS SANITARY WATER BOARD SPRINGFIELD, ILLINOIS MR. KLASSEN: Mr. Chairman, conferees and ladies and gentlemen. As the Governor indicated yesterday, as con- foree for Illinois I will present the details of the Illinois presentation. The Summary of Conference, First Session, issued subsequent to several meetings held by the con- ferees during January to March 1968 presented 26 recom- mendations. The following actions have been taken and are being taken by Illinois with respect to these recommenda- tions: 1. Provide municipal waste treatment to comply with approved water quality standards and to provide 80 percent reduction in total phosphorus, all by 1972. All municipal sewage treatment plant effluents discharged to Lake Michigan in Illinois are within the North Shore Sanitary District, which extends from the Cc. W. Klassen Tllinois-Wisconsin line south to Cook County. All municipalities in Cook County adjacent to Lake Michigan are served by the Metropolitan Sanitary District of Greater Chicago sewage treatment ‘facilities which dis- charge to the Illinois River watershed. The North Shore Sanitary District program to remove all effluent discharges from Lake Michigan, as reported during the last session of this conference, is now under construction. A project originally estimated to cost $60 million--I just want to add here it has been estimated that there will be several more million dollars needed--provides for complete diversion of all wastes to the Mississippi River watershed by way of the Illinois River. The first phase, for which the North Shore Sanit District secured voter approval for a general obligation bond issue of $35 million, and that has been accomplished since our last conference, will provide for the diversion of the Lake Bluff, Lake Forest, Highland Park--(Ravine Drive, Park Avenue and Cary Avenue)primary plant effluents from Lake Michigan to the Clavey Road sewage treatment plant which discharges to the Skokie River, which flows south into the Illinois River. Tne first phase provides 294 C. W. Klassen for a diversion of the North: Chicago Sewage Treatment Works effluent to a proposed sewage treatment plant at Gurnee, and for expansion and improvement of the Waukegan Sewage Treatment Works, including phosphate reduction, all by 1972. The Waukegan sewage treatment plant will continue to discharge to the lake unless and until the district can fund the entire estimated $60 mitlion pro- ject. The District's application for a Federal grant for sewage treatment works has been certified to the Federal Water rollution Control Administration during 1970, that is in the last month, for a grant of $10,628,000. That will be added to the $35 million that the voters have approved. I might say that probably in another couple of hours the Governor will present:to our Legislature this morning the proposal that he mentioned yesterday for State financial aid to municipalities in Illinois. The District's original plans called for all improvements in the $35 million eae aac to be under pe taniativh in 1970 and completed by 1972. I might say that several of these phases have already been completed. Unexpected 295 C. W. Klassen problems in securing zoning approvals and easements have resulted in revision of scheduled completion dates, with anticipated delays of as much as one year. This does not mean that the delays will be beyond 1972, however. Attached and a part of this presentation is a detailed status report prepared by the North Shore Sani- tary District dated March 16, 1970. The presentation will include in the record, and I won't go into all the details, seven permits that the Sanitary Water Board in Illinois has already issued to the District. As an example, a permit for the Lake Forest 24-inch sewer and force main issued April 18, 1969. That project has been completed. And there .are listed herevinedetariadthessbix other permits that the Sanitary Water Board has issued. Appended to the report, as indicated, is a very detailed review and status of this particular pro- ject, including a cause of delay of several of the phases that would have been under construction. It is rather interesting, as you will note in here, the delays for the most part were initiated by peopie within the District, some that did not want a certain new plant located ata —————— | 296 C. W. Klassen location, the zoning problem that they have had with the county officials, particularly the Clavey Road plant, which is a key to the whole program. A group of citizens near the Clavey Road plant object to its expansion, and it is a matter of public record that--and I am paraphras- ing their statement, it was put in a little choicer words -- they couldn't care less whether the wastes were taken out of Lake Michigan or not, just so that it wouldn't involve expansion of the sewage treatment plant in their community. However, this has been worked out and on April 13th this case is coming to trial and we are prepared to testify that the District is going agree to make certain ehanges in the designowhich? will involvejeforsexample,; covering of primary tanks and such things in order to get around this objection. It was rather interesting. It is not a part of this, but the young lady that testified yesterday asking | the conferees to speed up these processes and at the same time wondering whether we could get more action by taking somesuort ithesenthingsstoscourtpecotheysdonitrsexacthy! jibes in my opinion. It has been our experience in Illinois that 297 C. W. Klassen the courts should be an absolutely last resorts; because we Know, through our legal processes, if you once get into court or take someone into court that then there can be legal delays involved which would not be included in the project if the administrative agency, frankly, kept control and kept the pressures on the polluter, such as receiving extensions of sewer systems and what-not. In this report it gives in detail the status which pretty much confirms the testimony by the Army and the Navy on the Great Lakes Naval Training station and Fort Sheridan. These negotiations are under way. It is not just a matter of talk. They are down to the point of actually agreeing on the rate schedule and we don't actually anticipate any hangup there. Appended to this is a project schedule chart, which you are all familiar with, which shows every one of the projects, the date when plans are to be and have been prepared, construction start and completion. You will note the last date for scheduled completion of the project is in August of 1972. We felt that this should be included because this can serve as a means of future conferences, sessions of this conference, to chart the 298 C. W. Klassen progress of this most important project so far as Illinoi is concerned and our part in cleaning up Lake Michigan. 2. Industries are to provide adequate treatment prior to discharge to the lake by 1972. Domestic wastes from all industries in the North Chicago-Waukegan area are tributary to the North Shore Sanitary District sewage treatment plants. All industries located in the North Chicago- Waukegan industrial area discharge process wastes to sewers which are tributary to the North Chicago or Waukegan treatment works operated by the North Shore Sanitary District, except as listed below. The following is a summary of the activities and the status of these industries and the quantity and strength of their waste discharges: ° Abbott Laboratories. Manufactures antibiotics, chemical drugs and pharmaceuticals, resulting in an extremely complex waste treatment problem. The industrial treatment works processes an average daily flow of 658,006 gallons during February of 1970, achieving an 88 percent reduction in BOD and a 90 percent removal of suspended solids. 299 C. W. Klassen The effluent from the industrial waste treat- ment plant is combined with other process wastes from the Abbott complex. The combined effluent is monitored for compliance with the Sanitary Water Board criteria. Com- bined flows average 12.2 MGD. The BOD of the combined flow averages 57 parts per million (sic) for February while the suspended solids averaged 100 milligrams per | Liter, Sanitary Water Board guidelines relating to discharge to Lake Michigan, included in SWB-7, that have been approved by the Department of Interior: BOD reduc- tion at least 85 percent in the treatment plant, and bauer effluent not to exceed 40 milligrams per liter and 45 milligrams per liter BOD and suspended solids, respec- tively. I want to mention at this point that the effluent criteria,that we rerer to are actually guide- lines, and as we know, the water quality standards per- tain to the ambient quality in the lake and not to any particular effluent criteria. Inasmuch as the question of "effluent dilution" has been associated with this industry by an Assistant B00 C. W. Klassen ,eCretany 1Olgole Department ror ithe Interior, a brief discussion on this point is deemed advisable. Technrealereteascs20-22 of 7 tne i lilinois Sani- tary Water Board permits spent industrial cooling water to be mixed with effluent from an industrial secondary type treatment plant having at least 80 percent BOD removal to produce a combined effluent BOD concentration of 40 parts per million or below. This is often referred to as "dilution." The word dilution carries with it the SennoveatiLon, Chactesucheantindustrial; fixym couldPbe mixing lake water with its effluent for the sole purpose of making its performance look better than it actually is. This would be inconsistent with the Illinois Sanitary Water Board standards, and Abbott does not engage in this practice. At this plant there are three types of waste streams: the sanitary wastes, and these are handled by the North Shore Sanitary District; process wastes, which require secondary treatment; spent raw water stream, which consists mainly of cooling water, including rain water since it is collected and transported in the plant through storm sewer systems. BOT C. W. Klassen A plant may choose to combine both of the latter waste streams into one relatively dilute waste stream, which can then be sent through a secondary treatment plant, or as an alternate to keep these two streams separated until after the process waste stream has undergone secondary treatment. These two streams can then be combined prior to the final discharge to the lake. The quality of the final effluent would essentially be the same in both cases and if anything the absolute degree of BOD removal would be greater in the secondary alternate, since the efficiency of. the treatment plant is likely to be higher when handling a smaller volume of concentrated wastes. The operation of this plant was designed to maximize efficiency by diverting around the secondary treatment plant those waters which do not require sophisticated treatment. It is this practice which some have misleadingly calléd Pati nti ona. sone ents iy, Water Board criteria and the technical bulletins contem- plated that the stated standards shall be met by measur- ing the total effluent from the plant and not each 208 C.aWwe.Kilassen individual waste stream, regardless of what location it might be coming from within the plant. This point is raised at this conference with the idea that if these procedures now followed in Tllinois are to be modified that such modification should be applicable to all industrial discharges in the Lake Michigan Basin. An industrial waste treatment works improvement program was completed during April 1969. After a shake- down period, it was found that the final effluent generally complied with the BOD limits; however, solids carryover resulted in suspended solids concentrations above the prescribed limits. Abbott plans to start construction, they authorized this money, of a $2.5 million improvement in the immediate future to attain the consistent, efficient and reliable performance of the treatment facilities needed to comply with the Sanitary Water Board effluent quality limits. Completion of these improvements is scheduled for December 1970. This program is described in the March 12, 1970, report by the industr and is made part of this presentation. Lo Wise fer, bo tnd Give OU, Wildl finds appended ——————————eEeEEE——EeEeEE——EEEEEE————— ——————————— Se ES ately! W. Klassen to this a very detailed report with dates when these various phases will be completed, the first schedule to be completed in August. However, Abbott is negotiating with the North Shore *Ganitary Drstrrecveror Grvers ron O1=tne rr at Lien effluent from Lake Michigan to the District's facilities which will discharge to the Illinois River watershed. In other words, it will become part of the whole program to remove all of the wastes from Lake Michigan. U. S. Steel-Waukegan Works. ~*Produces ‘carbon and stainless steel springs, coated wire and wire for manufacturers. Trivs “plamt “uti est arp rox rina ce ry 5 et a font gallons per day of lake water which is returned through five outfall sewers. The wastes of this plant are generally in compliance with Sanitary Water Board guide- lines’ "for fron “and GH waech occasionally samples exceed- ing the’ guidelines’. ‘Ur S* "Steel =presentiy tauls 30,000 gallons per day of their waste acid to their Gary, Indiana, plant for disposal in deep well injection. A new stationary rinse operation, recently completed, should materially further reduce iron discharge. 304 C. W. Klassen Continuous pH monitoring is to be installed at the four outlets. since the last* session| ‘of this conference. And I mention this, the last session nor previous to that Then a reference to alewife. Watercraft regulations. Illinois has now in effect, effective January] ,219703 its’ rules. and’ regula tions prohibiting the discharge of any waste material from watercraft. The city of Chicago during 1969 continued enforcement of their ordinance prohibiting discharge of sewage from watercraft. Chicago Park District is cooperating and I think that later Mr. Poston, for the city of Chicago, will further amplify this. I might say we are concerned, because I think Tllinois is the only State--I stand corréeététed* ontthis if this is not true--that has not eliminated from our jurisdiction any watercraft. Our ordinances, our San Cc. W. Klassen regulations, include all watercraft, including those of foreign registry. And this may pose a problem, but we are in the process now of trying to work out proper enforcement procedures for foreign vessels and also vessels that will pass in Illinois water on their way to another State. All of the Illinois area in the Lake Michigan watershed is within the North Shore Sanitary District or the Metropolitan Sanitary District and only minor areas | are not served by a public sewer system and sewage treat- ment works, but action is continuing to bring these areas into publicmfacisaitiess The Pesticides Committee, we know of its report. Since the last conference [Illinois' pesticides control law has gone into effect so far as DDT is concerned. The sale of DDT is prohibited in Illinois except on permit from the Department of Agriculture or the Department of Public Health and there have been two permits issued for the use of DDT since January by the Department of Public Health, two pest operators in southern Illinois. One was for mouse control. I understand that this is»one of the | Then I will hurry along here. sees C. W. Klassen most effective means of controlling mice. And the other is for bat ‘control. © They had a bat problem. No. 16 with reference to the Department of Agriculture, we concur with that. Monitoring. During 1969 the Illinois Sanitary | Water Board staff monitored Lake Michigan beaches and open water. The results of this will be in a publica- tion that is in preparation now. However, the report includes shore water monitoring in detail. The total coliform and strepto- coccus counts exceeded the criteria limits more than 50 percent of the time at 26 beaches. Shore water at all beaches did not comply with the annual average criteria for phosphates and surfactants. The shore water complied with the temperature requirements and the phenol-like substances and cyanides and the ammonia nitrogen criteria was exceeded at the 26 beaches. Then we have listed here in detail our open water monitoring, which I won't go into detail on. This W111 all, S08. matters orer éicorda No. 21. The discharge of visual o11 to Lake jee C. W. Klassen Michigan is to be eliminated. Suit was instituted by the Metropolitan Sani- tary District of Greater Chicago against the U. S. Steel Corporation. There were no other discharges requiring acLion, Research, oil control,, the support, of Federal grants?is*a-matter*of public *record?”” Last” year “ITlinois received its $42 million from the allocation. $21 million went to the Chicago Sanitary District and $10.6 million went to the North Shore Sanitary District DEcause O1 2ts Nigm priority. PiaGecOucCluuesneMrea.chatrman., Our report. (Which said report and attached documents is as follows: ) ILLINOIS SANITARY WATER BOARD PRESENTATION LAKE MICHIGAN--FOUR STATE CONFERENCE THIRD SESSION MARCH 31, 1970 MILWAUKEE, WISCONSIN By: C. W. Klassen, Technical Secretary Conferee for State of Illinois The ''Summary of Conference (First Session), Pollution of Lake Michigan and Its Tributary Basin (Wisconsin-|1linois-Indiana-Michigan) ,'' issued subsequent to the several meetings held by the Conferees during January - March, 1968, presented twenty-six recommendations adopted by the Conferees representing the Federal govern- ment and the four Lake Michigan states. The following action has been taken by the State of I}Tlinois with respect to these recommendations: 1. Provide Municipal Waste Treatment to Comply with Approved Water Qualit Standards and to Provide 80% Reduction in Total Phosphorous, All_ by December 1972. All municipal sewage treatment plant effluent discharges to Lake Michigan in lt} linois are within the North Shore Sanitary District, which extends from the |} linois-Wisconsin State,line south to Cook County. All municipalities in Cook County adjacent to Lake Michigan are served by the Metropolitan Sanitary District of Greater Chicago sewage treatment facilities which discharge to the Illinois River watershed, The North Shore Sanitary District program to remove all effluent discharges from Lake Michigan, as reported during the last session of this conference, is now under construction. A project originally estimated to cost $60,000,000, provides for complete diversion. The first phase, for which the North Shore Sanitary District 324 secured voter approval for a General Obligation Bond Issue of $35,000,000, will provide for the diversion of the Lake Bluff, Lake Forest and Highland Park - (Ravine Drive, Park Avenue and Cary Avenue) primary plant effluents from Lake Michi- gan to the Clavey Road Sewage Treatment Plant which discharges to the Skokie River. This first phase provides for diversion of the North Chicago sewage treatment works effluent to a proposed sewage treatment plant at Gurnee, and for expansion and improve- ment of the Waukegan sewage treatment works, including phosphate reduction, all by 1972. The Waukegan sewage treatment works will continue to discharge to the Lake, unless and until the District can fund the entire estimated $60,000,000 project. The District's application for a Federal grant for sewage treatment works was certified to the Federal Water Pollution Control Administration during 1970 for a grant of $10,628,000. The District's original plans called for all improvements in the $35,000,000 project to be under construction in 1970 and completed by July, 1972. Unexpected problems in securing zoning approvals and easements have resulted in revision of scheduled completion dates, with anticipated delays of as much as one year. Attached and a part of this presentation is a detailed status report prepared by the North Shore Sanitary District, dated March 16, 1970. PERMITS ISSUED TO DATE BY THE SANITARY WATER BOARD FOR THE NORTH SHORE SANITARY DIST. IMPROVEMENT PROGRAM: 1. Permit #1969-HB-230, dated April 18, 1969, Lake Forest 24-inch sewer and force main. Project complete. 2. Permit #1969-NB-621, dated September 19, 1969 and Supplemental Permit dated November 14, 1969, Lake Forest force main, Section #2, Div. F-7B. Contract signed - construction started February 15, 1970. 3. Permit #1969-1A-738, dated October 23, 1969 and Supplemental Permit dated December 18, 1969, Lake Forest pump station, Contract ready to be signed - construction started February 15, 1970. 4, Permit #1969-DB-679, dated October 6, 1969, Clavey Road, lagoon and chlorination. Held in abeyance pending outcome of zoning hearing (delayed by odor nuisance complaints). Will take eleven months to construct. 325 5S. Permit #1970-DB-96, dated February 20, 1970, interim storm water chlorination facilities for Lake Bluff, Park Avenue, Ravine Drive and Cary Avenue sewage treatment facilities. Contract for con- struction signed March 12, 1970. 6. Permit #1970-DB-117, dated March 2, 1970, Clavey Road sludge thickeners and anaerobic sludge digester. 7. Permit #1970-DB-160, dated March 20, 1970, Waukegan sludge lagoon. Construction to start April, 1970. afew nt. PAR AWARARASARARAWA WAS 2. Industries to Provide Adequate Treatment Prior to Discharge to Lake by 1972. Domestic wastes from all industries in the North Chicago - Waukegan area are tributary to the North Shore Sanitary District sewage treatment plants. All industries located in the North Chicago - Waukegan industrial area discharge process wastes to sewers which are tributary to the North Chicago or Waukegan sewage treatment works operated by the North Shore Sanitary District, except as listed below. The following is a summary of the activities of these industries and the quan- tity and strength of their waste discharges: A. ABBOTT LABORATORIES - Manufactures antibiotics, chemical drugs and pharma- ceuticals, resulting in extremely complex waste treatment problems. The industrial waste treatment works processed an average daily flow of 658,000 gallons during February, 1970, achieving 88% reduction in BOD and 90% removal of suspended solids. The effluent from the industrial waste treatment plant is combined with other process water from the Abbott complex; the combined effluent is monitored for com- pliance with Sanitary Water Board criteria. Combined flows average 12.2 mg/d. The BOD of the combined flow averaged 57 mg/1 for February while the suspended solids averaged 100 mg/1. Sanitary Water Board guidelines relating to discharges to Lake Michigan, included in SWB-7, are: (a) BOD reduction of at least 85% in the treatment plant, and; (b) final effluent not to exceed 40 mg/1 and 45 mg/1 BOD and suspended solids, respectively. 326 ey Fd Inasmuch as the question of "effluent dilution'' has been associated with this industry, a brief discussion on this point is deemed desirable. Technical Release 20-22 of the Illinois Sanitary Water Board permits spent in- dustrial cooling water to be mixed with effluent from an industrial secondary type treatment plant having at least 80% BOD removal to produce a combined effluent BOD concentration of 40 ppm or below. This is often referred to as ''dilution.'' The word dilution carries with it the connotation that such an industrial firm could be mixing lake water with its effluent for the sole purpose of making its performance look better than it actually is. This would be inconsistent with the I]linois Sanitary Water Board standards, and Abbott does not engage in this practice. At this plant there are three types of waste streams: (1) The sanitary wastes, and these are handled by the North Shore Sanitary District. (2) Process waste stream, which requires secondary treatment. (3) Spent raw water stream, which con- sists mainly of cooling water, and includes rain water since it is collected and transported inthe plant storm water sewer systems. A plant may choose to combine both of the latter streams into one relatively dilute waste stream, which can then be sent through a secondary treatment plant, or as an alternate to keep the two streams separated until after the process waste stream has undergone secondary treatment. The two streams can then be combined prior to final discharge into the Lake, The quality of the final effluent would essentially be the same in both cases. lf anything, the absolute degree of BOD removal should be greater in the second alternate, since the efficiency of the treatment plant is likely to be higher when handling a smaller volume of more concentrated waste. The operation at this plant was designed to maximize efficiency by diverting around the treatment plant those waters which do not require sophisticated treatment. It is this practice which some have misleadingly described as ''dilution.'' The Sanitary Water Board criteria and technical bulletins contemplate that the stated standards shall be met by measuring the total effluent from a plant, and not each 327 are of the many individual streams which might come from any location within the plant. This point is raised at this conference with the idea that if these procedures now followed in Illinois are to be modified, any such modification should be appli- cable to all industrial discharges within the Lake Michigan basin. An industrial waste treatment works improvement program was completed during April, 1969. After a shakedown period, it was found that the final effluent generally complied with the BOD limits; however, solids carry-over resulted in suspended solids concentrations above the prescribed limits. Abbott plans to start construction of a $2,500,000 improvement project in the immediate future to attain the consistent, efficient and reliable performance of the treatment facilities needed to comply with Sanitary Water Board effluent quality limits. Completion of these improvements is scheduled for December, 1970. This program is described in the March 12, 1970 re- port by the industry, made a part of this presentation. (Appended). Abbott is negotiating with the North Shore Sanitary District for diversion of their final effluent from Lake Michigan to the District's facilities which will dis- charge to the Illinois River watershed, B. U.S. STEEL - WAUKEGAN WORKS - Produces carbon and stainless steel springs, coated wire and wire for manufacturers. This plant utilizes approximately 3.5 MGD of Lake water which is returned via five outfall sewers. The wastes from this plant are generally in compliance with Sanitary Water Board guidelines for iron and pH, with only occasional samples ex- ceeding the guidelines. U, S, Steel presently hauls 30,000 gallons of waste acid to their Gary, Indiana plant for disposal by deep well injection. A new stationary rinse operation, recently completed, should materially further reduce iron discharge. Continuous pH monitoring is to be installed on four outfalls. A comprehensive engineering study to propose refinements necessary to insure continuous compliance with Sanitary Water Board guidelines is underway and should be complete by December of 1970. The reduction from 1962 to date in pollutional discharges is shown in the following comparison: 328 Lon February, 1962 February, 1968 January, 1970 Total Flow, gallons per day 5,860,000 3,440,000 2,807,000 Total Solids, Ibs. per day 35,000 25,600 9,640 Suspended Solids, Ibs.per day L265 3,837 781 Total Iron, Ibs. per day 9,674 902 425 C. COMMONWEALTH EDISON COMPANY - A 1.09 million K. W. fossil fuel plant located north of Waukegan. This plant utilizes one million gallons per minute of Lake water for cooling purposes with all flow returned to the Lake. The heat in the returned flow to the Lake is apparently dissipated within 600 feet of the outfall. D. FANSTEEL METALLURGICAL CORPORATION - Processors of tungsten, molybdenum, tantalum, and producers of electric contacts, rectifiers, capacitors and chemical plant equipment. Neutralized waste (0.20 MGD) from the North Plant discharged to Pettibone Creek at 22nd Street, has resulted in white deposits in the Creek, Pre- viously, the effluent from the neutralization system was within Sanitary Water Board limits. Discharge from the South plant (33,000 gallons per day) contains nickel, copper and cyanide concentrations which, on occasion, exceeds Sanitary Water Board criteria, In-plant modifications and process changes are being made to eliminate pollutional discharges. Fansteel is proposing to divert waste flows to the North Shore Sanitary District system and to thus eliminate discharge to the Lake. Diver- sion or necessary internal improvements will be complete prior to 1972. E. OUTBOARD MARINE CORPORATION - (Includes Johnson Motors) - Effluent from oil interceptors, discharged to Waukegan Harbor and thru ditch to the Lake, meets effluent limits. Plating wastes are discharged to the North Shore Sanitary District treatment works. F. CHICAGO HARDWARE AND FOUNDRY COMPANY - All industrial waste flow was diverted during 1969 from Pettibone Creek to the North Shore Sanitary District system. G. JOHNS MANVILLE CORPORATION - Closed system is in operation with no discharge to Lake Michigan. 2 or H. U.S. STEEL CORPORATION - SOUTH WORKS - The company did not complete treat- ment facilities improvements in compliance with the September 30, 1969 deadline es- tablished by Sanitary Water Board Water Quality Standards. On Octobcr 7, 1969, the Sanitary Water Board requested the Attorney General of I]linois to file for appropriate legal action. A lawsuit was also filed by the Metropolitan Sanitary District of Greater Chicago in Circuit Court of Cook County. A temporary injunction has been obtained and the District is seeking a permanent injunction. U. S. Steel proposes to recycle waste water in its structural mill system by May 1, 1972. Improvements to the rolling mill scale pits are scheduled for Septem- ber 1, 1970 completion. Elimination of No. 9 nUreel to Lake Michigan by recycle of blast furnace gas wash water is scheduled for November 1, 1970. Start-up of the Central Treatment Plant is scheduled for December 31, 1970. U. S. Steel is scheduled to be in compliance with effluent guidelines by December 31, 1970. |. WATER FILTER PLANT BACKWASH - Twelve municipal and two military establish- ment water supply plants in I1]linois discharge filter backwash water to Lake Michigan. Responsible municipal officials were advised by the I]linois Sanitary Water Board during October, 1969 that backwash water had to receive adequate treatment by July of 1972 if discharge to the Lake is to be continued. The Federal Water Pollution Control Administration was requested to secure compliance by the military establish- ments. 3. Submit List of Municipalities and Industries Discharging Wastewater to the Lake Michigan Basin: There is no change in the list of municipalities and industries discharging wastewater to the Lake Michigan Basin submitted in June, 1968 to the Federal Water Pollution Control Administration except that discharges from Johns Manville Company and Chicago Hardware and Foundry Company have been eliminated. 330 mE 4, Provide Continuous Disinfection Throughout the Year for All Municipal Waste Treatment Plant Effluents: All municipal effluents currently discharged to Lake Michigan have been dis- infected since May, 1968. The North Shore Sanitary District is constructing Incerdth chlorination facilities for disinfection during the 1970 bathing season of all storm overflows from the Lake Bluff, Lake Forest and Highland Park sanitary sewer systems to the Lake. 5. Unified Collection Systems to be Encouraged: All urban areas in Illinois in the Lake Michigan watershed are served by the North Shore Sanitary District or the Metropolitan Sanitary District of Greater Chicago. 6. Install Adjustable Overflow Regulating Devices on Existing Combined Sewer Systems: Combined sewers with three overflow structures serve very limited areas in Waukegan and Lake Bluff. The remainder of the North Shore Sanitary District is served by separate storm and sanitary - industrial waste Sewer systems. The current project by the North Shore Sanitary District will provide for elimination of these overflow structures and for sedimentation and chlorination of all sanitary sewer overflows before discharge to Lake Michigan. Bypass of flows, in excess of diversion capacity from Lake Bluff, Lake Forest and Highland Park, will occur only during very intense storms, 7. Separate All Combined Sewers: (See Recommendation No. 6) There are no sanitary or combined sewer overflows to Lake Michigan in Cook County. There are about 170 outfalls from storm sewers which serve very limited areas in Cook County along the Lake. The Metropolitan Sanitary District of Greater Chicago has adopted an Ordinance during October, 1969 prohibiting the discharge of wastes of any kind to Lake Michigan and has established a program to prohibit installation of new outfalls of any kind and to eliminate all existing outfalls as soon as possible. 331 -9- 8. Encourage Discharge of Treatable Industrial Wastes to Municipal Sewer System: Abbott Laboratories, Outboard Marine Corporation, Fansteel Metallurgical Corp. and U. S, Steel Waukegan Works, are negotiating with North Shore Sanitary District to discharge pre-treated industrial wastes to District facilities. Chicago Hardware and Foundry recently diverted all flows to North Shore Sanitary District system. 9, Provide Continuous Disinfection of Industrial Effluents: Abbott Laboratories pasteurizes effluent. Chlorination facilities are also available. Other industrial effluents do not contain pathogenic or sewage indicator organisms. 10. Appoint Special Committee on Nuclear Discharges and Thermal Pollution Aspects of Power Plants and Reactors: Illinois representatives were appointed, attended all meetings of the Committee and participated in preparation of the report which was submitted to the Conferees at the 1969 session. Apparently this Committee has not been called upon to report at this Conference. 11. Dumping of Polluted Material into Lake Michigan to be Prohibited: Senate Bill 1794 passed by the Illinois State Legislature, approved by the Governor on October 30, 1967, stipulates that only non-pollutional material can be deposited in the Lake and that permits to dump can be issued by the Department of Public Works and Buildings only upon concurrence by the Sanitary Water Board that pollution will not be caused. This policy has been, and is, being implemented in a positive manner; no permits for depositing pollutional material in Lake Michigan have been issued since the last session of this Conference. 12. Removal of Dead Alewives: There was no problem during 1969. 13. Watercraft Wastes: Rules and Regulations, SWB-19, ''Disposal of Sewage and Wastes from Watercraft,'"' 332 -10- adopted by the I]linois Sanitary Water Board July 2, 1968, became effective on January 1, 1970. Said Rules and Regulations conform to uniform standards agreed upon by representatives of the Conferees who met subsequent to the Enforcement Conference First Session, Procedures for enforcing these requirements are being developed. The City of Chicago has, during 1969, continued enforcement of their ordinance prohibiting discharge of sewage from watercraft unless adequately treated. The Chicago Park District has cooperated by requiring watercraft sewage and other waste facilities to be in compliance with this ordinance prior to issuance of permits for mooring space in District harbors. The District has also provided pump-out facili- ties for sewage holding tanks. 14, Promote Use of Area-Wide Sewage Facilities - Discourage Small Treatment Plant - Eliminate Septic Systems: All of the Illinois area in the Lake Michigan watershed is within the North Shore Sanitary District or the Metropolitan Sanitary District of Greater Chicago. Only minor areas are not served by a public sewer system and sewage treatment works. Continuing action is being taken to serve these areas with public facilities. 15. Pesticides Committee and Regulation of Commercial Applications: ‘An Act to Provide for the Labeling of Pesticides and to Prevent the Contamination of Water and Environment by Regulating, Restricting or Prohibiting the Sale, Use or Application of Pesticides,'' enacted by the Illinois General Assembly, was approved June 25, 1969. Under this ''Pesticide Control Law,'' it is the duty of the Illinois Department of Public Health to enforce the provisions in the Act for the control of pesticides as they relate to the health of the public, including the retail sale of pesticides for household use, vector control (including mosquito and fly control, whether by pest control operators or governmental agencies), and the control of di- sease-carrying insects and related animals, rodents and birds and other mammals. Pursuant to this duty, the Illinois Department of Public Health issued regulations, effective January 1, 1970, prohibiting the sale or use of DDT except by special permit. Ze The Conference Pesticides Committee recommended monitoring for specific pesticides in Lake Michigan water and fish, in flow to Lake Michigan from major tributaries, in biological life in other tributaries, and in the effluent from the sewage treatment plants discharging to Lake Michigan in Lake County. A program to implement these recommendations, established June 2, 1969, was not implemented due to the lack of funding and thus the lack of laboratory equipment and personnel. As of this date, the project has been funded, equipment has been ordered and personnel is being re- cruited. This latter action was taken as soon as procedural problems relating to a Federal grant were resolved, 16. Prepare Report on Programs to Prevent Pollution from Agricultural Land Use: Assigned by Conferees to the U. S. Department of Agriculture. 17. Committee on Monitoring: The appointed I]linois representative attended all meetings of the Committee and participated in preparation of the report which was submitted to the Conferees at the Second Session. Apparently, this Committee has not been called upon to report at this Conference. During 1969, Illinois Sanitary Water Board staff monitored Lake Michigan beach and open water. Samples were collected at 30 beaches and from the intakes at five water filtration plants. The results of the analyses were evaluated on the basis of the very stringent, ''Water Quality Standards for Lake Michigan - Rules and Regulations SWB-7,'' adopted by the I]linois Sanitary Water Board and approved by the U. S. Depart- ment of the Interior January 27, 1968. SHORE WATER MONITORING: The following general conclusions are based on evaluation of results of analyses of the Shore water samples collected during 1969: A. Total Coliform and Fecal Streptococci counts exceeded the criteria limits more than 50% of the time at 26 beaches. B. Shore water at all beaches did not comply with annual average criteria limits for phosphates and surfactants (MBAS), unchanged from 1968. 334 =1%0 C. Shore water complied with the temperature limit and the annual average criteria for phenol-like substances and cyanide. D. The ammonia nitrogen criteria for shore water was exceeded at 26 beaches, as compared to only eight during 1968. BEACH WATER MONITORING: The following general conclusions are based on evaluation of results of analyses of the open water samples collected during 1969: A. Total Coliform Bacteria counts for open water complied with the annual average and single value standards at the five intakes sampled. Fecal Streptococci] counts complied with the standards, except for one of the monthly samples at Waukegan and at Highland Park. There was a slight im- provement in bacterial water quality as compared to 1968. B. The Ammonia Nitrogen annual average criteria was exceeded at all open water intakes, except at the Chicago South plant, unchanged from 1968. | C. Phosphate concentrations remain unchanged from 1968 and continued to exceed criteria limits at all open water intakes, D. ron concentrations complied with criteria limits at all open water intakes during 1969. E. Phenol-like Substance, cyanide and sulfate concentrations were within the criteria limits during 1969, an improvement over 1968. The chloride concen- trations exceeded the criteria limits at all intakes during 1969. 18, Prepare Inventory of Potential Oil and Other Hazardous Material Spill Sites: Submitted July 31, 1968; no further action required during 1969. 19, Water Quality Analyses (Including Planktonic Algae Counts) by Water Filtra- tion Plants: This is being done at the designated plants (Evanston, Chicago Central and Chicago South). 20. Monitoring by Coast Guard: ll1linois supports recommendation, 335 =|3= 21. Discharge of Visual Oil to Lake Michigan to be Eliminated: Suit was instituted by the Metropolitan Sanitary District of Greater Chicago against U. S, Steel South Works. There were no other discharges requiring action during 1969. 22. Research: Illinois participated to the extent that finances and personnel permitted. 23. Strengthen Federal Legislation for Control of Oil Pollution on Lake Michigan: lllinois supports recommendation. 24, Full Appropriation of Federal Grant Authorizations be Made by Congress: l}linois supports recommendation. 7d and 26. Relate to reconvening of the Conferees. BOARD Of TRUSTEES President August P. Cepon, Waukegan 336 treasurer, Robert P. Will, Zion William T. Jones, Highland Park Ross A. Granna, Waukegan e e e Bisa} Wate north shore sanitary district one eas aS ““NERAL MANAGER, RAYMOND E. ANDERSON / DAHRINGER ROAD, WAUKEGAN, ILLINO/S 60085 / Telephone: 312 [623-6060 we WRETABYE ATO OER KIIXOTXAR OK KROTK GOCCP K KAI N SUPERINTENDENT OF OPERATIONS Joseph J. Debevic RECEIVED © w. Clarence W. Klassen Technical Secretary MAR 17 1970 Illinois Sanitary Water Board 616 State Office Building DIVISION OF SANITARY ENGINEERING Springfield, Illinois 62706 ILLINOIS DEPT. OF PUBLIC HEALTH Subject: Lake Michigan Federal Enforcement Conference Dear Mr. Klassen: Thank you for your letter of March 4, 1970 advising of the: forthcoming Federal-State conference in Milwaukee on "Actions being taken to clean up Lake Michigan." We are planning to attend the conference and, if you desire, would be willing to present a status report on our Sewage Works Improvements project. In response to your request, we enclose herewith four copies of the latest revision to the project schedule for our currently funded program. This program provides for the removal from Lake Michigan of all sewage discharges from North Chicago, Lake Bluff, Lake Forest and the three plants in Highland Park. Insufficient funding prevents establishment of a date for removal of treated Waukegan effluent from the lake at this time. The current program will, however, provide for storm water treatment at Waukegan and from Lake Bluff south to Highland Park. Overflow treatment facilities are included under Division P-3B at Waukegan. The existing primary treatment plants at Lake Bluff, Lake Forest and Cary Avenue in Highland Park will be modified, as part of the pumping station construction projects, to provide sedimentation and chlorina= tion of storm water overflows before discharge to the lake. On March 12, 1970, we entered into a contract for the construction of Interim Chloriration Facilities which will provide for chlorination of all storm overflows to the lake from Lake Bluff south to Highland Park for the 1970 bathing season. The enclosed project schedule is believed to represent a realistic appraisal of the current status of our program. The fulfillment of this schedule is dependent, to a large extent, however, upon the timely availability of lands and rights-of-way. Phase 1 of our project, the Clavey Road Sewage Treatment Plant and construction of those works necessary to remove the Lake Bluff, Lake Forest and WATER POLLUTION CONTROL FOR THE LAKE MICHIGAN AREA OF LAKE COUNTY, ILLINOIS Mr. Clarence W. Klassen 33% Ss Highland Park effluents froin the lake, is roughly one year behind schedule. months behind schedule. The Gurnee Sewage Treatinent Flaunt project is about nine The other elements of the project are pro- ceeding in general accordance with their original schedules. A detailed summary of the causes of delays already encountered and of sources of possible future delays is as follows: Division F-6A, Lake Bluff Force Main PS-6, Lake Bluff Pumping Station S-8A, S-8B, S-8C and S-8D, Highland Park Lake Front Sewer and Sewer Protection Works F-8, Cary Avenue Force Main F-llA to P-l1G - Projects to expand the Clavey Road Sewage Treatment Plant and provide storm overflow treatment. Cause of Delay Resolution with Lake County Highway Department and Illinois Division of Highways of future use of Illinois Highway 176 ROW as a possible future freeway route. Highway studies are not yet complete for its development. Project delayed by a civil suit brought by property owners to prevent use of originally proposed park site for pumping station. Project is approxi- mately one year behind schedule. Right-of-way acquisition not complete. Froperty owners have expressed concern that sewer construction would aggravate erosion damage associated with high lake levels and have been reluctant. to grant easements. Thirty-eight easements are required of which twenty-one are signed, fifteen have been agreed to and four have gone to condemnation. Request for easement across John F, Kennedy School property has been tabled by the School Board until the Clavey Road Sewage Treatment Plant zoning question is resolved. Request for a special use permit, origin- ally filed in the spring of 1969, was recomnended against, after protracted hearings by the Highland Park Plan Commis- sion. The City Council approved the special use permit in January, 1970, subject to conditions which the Sanitary District considered unreasonable and unacceptable. The District has instituted suit for the issuance of the permit. This matter is scheduled for trial on April 13, 338 Mr. Clarence W. Klassen -3- 1970. The attached project schedule assumes settlement of the litigation in time to permit advertising the first Clavey Road contracts on June 1, 1970. F-4, F-5, North Chicago Negotiations are underway for several to Gurnee Force Mains easements. One easement involving com- and Sewers. plicated property ownership will require condemnation. This has been authorized by the N.5.5.D. Board. PS-5, Upper Skokie Valley Negotiations are not yet complete for Pumping Stetion the purchase of site. P-12A to P-12i, Gurnee Special use permit for site originally Sewage Treatment Plant selected was denied by Lake County Board of Supervisors. A conditional sale con- tract has been entered to purchase another site subject to zoning. A decision on the required zoning of the second site is expected in April, 1970. With regard to the status of negotiations to accept and to treat wastes from industries and military installations, please be advised that the Sanitary District will treat industrial wastes, provided that the wastes do not violate the conditions of Section IV of our "Ordinance Relating to Sewers and Sewer Systems;" and provided that the waste characteristics do not exceed the maximum concentration of chemicels acceptable for discharge into the sewer system, as set forth on page 6 of SYR Technical Release 20-22, Second Edition. Concerning military installations, you will recall that the Sanitary District hes been negotiating with both Great Lakes and Fort Sheridan for the treatment of sewage from these installations by the Sanit ary District. Discussions with Great Lakes first began on May 13, 1968. From then, until December 27, 1969, our engineers, Greeley and Hansen, worked with Navy personnel to determine the feasibility and method of handling Great Lakes sewage. On December 27, 1969, the Board of Trustees of the Sani- tary District agreed to begin negotiating with the U. S. Navy for treat- ment of Great Lakes sewage. Since that time there have been several exchanges of correspondence relating to the matter. We exrect that an agreement will be worked out in a few months. Discussions with Fort Sheriden began in September, 1964. Following preliminery studies by our engineers, the Sanitary District on November 16, 1964, advised the Corps of Engineers that we would consider entering into a contract for the treatirent by the Smitary District of sewage from Fort Sheridan. Early in 1969 there was an exchange of correspondence between the Corps of Engineers and the Sanitary District, reviving the 339 Mr. Clarence W. Klassen -k- possibility of Sanitary District treatinent of Fort Sheridan sewage. On February 25, 1970, the Fifth Army Headquarters made a telephone reauest to our engineers for a copy of a drawing showing the general arrangenent of the sewage works improvements included under the current Sanitary District program. For your informetion and use, we are aiso enclosing four copies of our "Ordinance Relating to Sewers and Sewer Systems". Please advise if we can furnish additional data for presentation at the Lake Michigan Conference. Very truly yours, NOWPA\ SHOE SANITARY DISTRICT CER aaa sae Sigher po capone President P Enc. - March 16, 1970 cc: Mr. Benn J. lIeland Mr. MN. DeeRe Riddell; Greeley and Hansen 340 IBOTT LABORATORIES NORTH CHICAGO, ILLINOIS 60064 RECEIVED MAR 13 1970 March 12, 1970 DIVISION OF SANITARY ENGINEERING {LLINOIS DEPT. OF PUBLIC HEALTH Mr. Clarence W. Klassen Chief of Sanitary Eng. Illinois Dept. of Public Health 535 W. Jefferson Springfield, Illinois 62706 Dear Mr. Klassen, As we discussed in our meeting of March 5, 1970 Abbott Laboratories has authorized a $2.5 million program of improvements to the waste treatment facilities at its North Chicago Plant. The improvements are not being made to accomodate expanded production operations, but rather to assure con- sistency, efficiency and reliability of treatment operations which in turn will meet the Federal-State lake water standards. Included in the program for improvements for 1970-1971 are: 1. REPLACEMENT OF BUILDINGS F-2 and C-10 BAROMETRIC CONDENSERS: Replacement of these condensers with surface type condensers will more efficiently keep the cooling water separate and clean. The condensate from the condensers will be sent to the Abbott treatment plant. We expect these projects to be completed by August, 1970. 2. EQUALIZATION TANKS IMPROVEMENTS; This project will increase the capacity of the tanks by 60%, provide for mechanical control of foam, provide new and rearranged piping for better control, and replace the steelwork and enclosures used for odor control. The purpose of the capacity increase is to reduce variations in treatment plant performance due to fluctuations in influent quality or quantity. We are currently out for bids on construction and expect to have this project completed by December, 1970. 3. CONSTRUCT SETTLING TANK No. 2: The purpose of this second clarifier is to improve the recovery of suspended solids from the treatment plant effluent. We have hired a consulting en- gineer to prepare design drawings and expect to complete construction around December, 1970. ion a 341 EFFLUENT FILTRATION: Abbott Development is studying a number of processes which cither involve filtration of the effluent or the use of conditioning methods to improve the settling characteristics of the solids. If successfully developed, effluent filtration or enhancement of solids settling could provide further substantial improvement of plant performance in 1971. INCINERATION - ELECTROSTATIC PRECIPITATOR: An electrostatic precipitator has been purchased and will be installed on several boilers to provide for the odor-free incineration of miscell- aneous waste sludges. Emission standards on particulate matter will be met by the electrostatic precipitator. We expect this unit to be in op- eration by June, 1970. UPGRADING OF PLANT SEWER SYSTEMS: Included in these projects are repairs of existing sewers, additions to the chemical sewer system, and revisions to both the chemical and cooling water sewer systems. The purpose of these projects is to assure that all contaminated streams are directed to the treatment plant. A substantial portion of this work will be completed in 1970 wich the remainder in 1971. MISCELLANEOUS SMALL PROJECTS: Included in these projects are the replacement of degassing tank piping at the existing clarifier and the provision of a secondary source of air for the aeration tanks. The purpose of these projects is to provide additional backup support systems to assure continued high performance of the treatment plant in the event of equipment malfunction. The de- gassing tank piping has already been replaced. We expect the secondary source of air to be completed by July 1970. CONTROL OF ACCIDENTAL SPILLS: This project provides for additional catchment areas, diked areas, or relief vessels to reduce the possibility of escape of accidental spills. Engineering design work is started and we expect a substantial part of this work to be completed in 1970. DIVERSION FROM THE LAKE - ADVANCED TREATMENT: The North Shore Sanitary District (NSSD) has put into effect a formal plan of action for which financing is being arranged. A bond issue has been passed, necessary land is being secured and engineering work is pro- ceeding. Under the established NSSD timetable the District will completely divert its treated effluents to the Des Plaines River in 1972. Abbott is cooperating with the NSSD in a program to evaluate the feasibility and costs of integrating the District's new treatment facilities with Abbott's system. Abbott is, however, continuing to evaluate other advanced treatment process in the event of major obstacles or delays in the implementation of the pending NSSD plan, 342 In addition to the program of capital improvements and developmental studies other operational improvements have been instituted, including: 1. No new product or major process revision will be approved by management until the impact on treatment operations has been fully identified and evaluated. 2. The Director of Corporate Environmental Control will review and attest to the adequacy of treatment operations proposed for new facilities or major revisions or expansions before approval is given to proceed. 3. Environmental pollution control will be a factor in performance evaluations at all levels for those personnel engaged in treatment operations or in production operations generating wastes, We will be reporting our progress on these targeted program completion dates to you on a regular basis. Plans and specifications will be submitted for your review and approval as they become available. Sincerely yours, 2 hs ; : ‘ on / vA Cie df ete rate David Schwarz, Director Corporate Environmental Control Approved by, pl CLiws R. C. Barnes, Vice President Corporate Engineering DS/bj 3/12/70 eo kbite Tébat ut vi sinielilac __ iver s}iee f * ee AF, roe Vpectoranen ts D aval os Biaiden Bet waives : ” “a fer additional catchment ceaad tai yeduce tive pousdollacy OF eqaspbestiaeniv ote {e sterced and. oe expect a aghhteons wmleted in.19%0, vg hatte ; ote at. wu. <2 + ADVANCED TREATMENT: os 90" hay. « Vartcory Biwertor ClBSH) fas eve ate fo whtah Pinaneting fe Geihg' seta : avery land is belag deeur rie wetablished wSSD timerable ¢ | ve Dis -cooted efflvuenta to. che Des Plaines i er | wg, With ‘ve SSD 40.8 program ka-eveluate. bs ket bili chenestlog fhe pap ans pe s bh sale weqtvenl fete wil i al Aliiieehe WH, nowever, Gant t x ther a rr ‘yaya ‘ne ewan of major craeied vi a lene ue petedion MD pion. 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IOI eae a tat TTS Pt ist Sl i a eS sai ecarar a2 Sere eee et Peg See lS 3 fe Te ese EEOmOee s7iiseeea5useaa00as505"0ssueeseuaeas:sauasauedcacrs lat | tt a : -- Ss meaeeeneeees coeee er SODanananREER SPEDE rarer se= = QO FU) BUD Fy Fo ml EF i i Pl Fan = 2 a FD ge I BB I Lee ee ry Pals inle Mlobele! =I DIC CE Ce ei PRSREREERE SSIES... raat ee iv iat Bet Bar BSae ae BESAS BEaa +4 Ee He | ah ete be Ea Ht tite ELEUA SRL FE ie ele FEPEPPP co eta ea HAR AAS EEE phew nh DIULELILI | | ttf feet | 4 a SOUR ee a tet ied 140 We ak 1a3Hs sailaia WWd Wid 8 YYOW YYOW AG GQ3iNdWOD Ol78¢7¢__ Tal d00V 31NG3HOS 193f0Ud ~ ie __ OL/7It7e 7 Biva fet eric g ai 1] ae 3 1G 1 | | fam IgE saa 2 a ae = Tawas Pqaiod guqat | t WLS aa: aM x Baasass qn [YS4O4 Fa] | | P-Ge] aaees a P ayen 3 pe a EEE PCE Jackal Oy i i Hite ea oan frig pT TY aaa aa nee SRADRRM aeons ace A aA Oe a at ne 2g pS PEREE SRGRREG VSRRRRRRRRR RE TO Fe Lbs fe fs fim he Pf 4 1°) OA M3N — QOVSIH SUBINIONZ N3SNVWH GNV AS Ta3u9 345 C. W. Klassen MR. STEIN: Thank you for a very excellent and comprehensive report. What I would like to indicate--what I did to the other States and conferees--this little check list that I have been given to check whether engineers have been retained, submit preliminary engineering reports, and so forth. I think that your information can be readily made available to fit that format,;and if we shave to put in additional personnel to get this, we will do this. The prior indication is that at headquarters in | the Interior Department they wouldsdiikestossee this | developed for all sources on Lake Michigan, and I am sure! with the state,of the information.weshavegherey this should prove to be no difficulty with yours. MR. KLASSEN: Thank you. MR. STEIN: Don't go off because I do think that we are very close together, but there may be some points to discuss..fedtthinkiMe: Khassenaachievessthis wonderful program by putting control in the manner he does,and I wonder if the conferees have any questions or comments? MR. FRANGOS: I have several, Mr. Chairman. 346 C. W. Klassen MR SEEN : Yes. MR. FRANGOS: Mr. Klassen, I know you have provided this previously, but I don't have all the materials on it. I am wondering if you could just answer a few questions. I just. did a quick check, but I gather that there are 10 sources of pollution in the basin, is that correct, LO fore lie MR. FRANGOS: Yes, discharges that are readily identifiable as polluters. MR. KLASSEN: Yes, plus or minus a few. MR. FRANGOS: oO. K. | | | MR. KLASSEN: Sources? MR. KLASSEN: Ten sources, yes. MR. FRANGOS: And what percentage of the drainage? basin “seane@litnois,« about 1@percenrc? MR. KLASSEN: In other words, of the Great Lakes drainage basin? An infinitesimal amount. MR. FRANGOS: One other question that I have got in terms of the North Shore Sanitary District. What is the discharge in terms of volume? MR. KLASSEN: About 20 MGD. Their manager is C.W- Klassen he nei. Mr. Anderson, is that about right? MR. ANDERSON: Yes, sir. MR. FRANGOS: That I think is close enough. MR. KLASSEN: About 1/10 of the Jones Island plant. (Laughter.) MR. FRANGOS: Right. MR. KLASSEN: To put it in the proper perspec- tive here. MR. STEIN: Let me interrupt for the people of the audience in case you are looking at the map. A good portion of this Chicago drainage does not go into the lake but goes the other way down to the Sanitary and Ship Canal to the Des Plaines River and into the Illinois River and joins the Mississippi River drainage system, so it does not drain into the lake. MR. KLASSEN: Correct. We are in a very fortunate geographical position, I would say. MR. FRANGOS: I would agree. MR. KLASSEN: And taken advantage of. ( Laughter.) MR. FRANGOS: Yes, I would also agree. A couple of other questions, because sometimes 3358 Cc. W. Klassen in some of these local Chicago area situations we kind of feel a little wpbBttleftcoutP too, incterms™of tthesdis- cussions. But on this question of your standards as they relate to Abbott Laboratories, you talk about--and correct me if I am wrong--but this 80 percent BOD removal and then you combine it with cooling waters or whatever, a relatively pure stream, and then you set a concentration limit. But you do not establish, I gather, a pound Boad- ing when you set your requirement. And I guess my question is, is there anything that would prohibit Abbott Laboratory, for example, doubling its production and yet providing 80 percent treatment and also providing dilution used in the better sense of the word, getting out into the lake? MR. KLASSEN: Very definitely there is. First of all, the so-called dilution you refer to is another waste stream. The water that they use for cooling does receive some wastes. Now, the overriding thing to remember is that there are water quality standards that are set in the lake and these are the overriding standards, not the 349 C. W. Klassen effluent requirements, because I could stand to be cor- rected, but I don't believe under the Federal Water Quality Act there is authority to set effluent standards. I would say that looking back this is probably something that we all should have anticipated and I would hope that sometime in the future we could officially, the States and the Federal Government, adopt water quality effluent standards. But we have no evidence, this is the overriding thing, that Abbott Laboratories is in violation of the water quality standards in SWB-7 that we set and the Federal Government approved. Now, the effluent standards we are talking about were guidelines that were set up by the States to indicate to a potential polluter what they had to meet, in our opinion, in order to meet the water quality stand- ards in the lake. This is something sometimes that is overlooked. MRM STEDTN¢s dres.fa You; Know, «zndidetyme «just interrupt here for a point of information, the President in his legislative proposals on water pollution control has asked for authority to establish effluent standards rep ie, C. W. Klassen with the States. MR. KLASSEN: In retrospect, I think this is something that should have been done previously. MR. FRANGOS: Well, I still have a question. There still is no limitation on the total poundage that could be discharged as long as it met the water quality | standards and your effluent criteria? | MR. KLASSEN: That is correct for Abbatt tor ony other discharge in any other State. MR. FRANGOS: Yes. Well, again in terms of | equity I think you might be interested to know that on our some dozen paper mills that we have done this so that we have to meet our water quality standards-- MR’. KLASSEN 2 >We? nav e=-= MR. FRANGOS: --or we have standards implica- tions of setting maximums as it reflects to production. MR. KLASSEN: I would say that BOD reduction in terms of percentage doesn't mean too much. We advo- cate the same thing you are talking about, Mr. Frangos. We have done this on the Illinois River, set poundage. MR. STEIN: Now that you have pushed this so far, you have raised the question that I was going to alow C. W. Klassen reserve for Jater .pput de think it widd gavestime. since you have laid the groundwork. You asked for a modification applicable tosadi industrial discharges within the Lake Michigan Basin. I think if we have taken the position or take the cue of your discussion here, we may be able to resolve that if we can arrive at a pound-per-day discharge so we won't getyinto this question ,of, quote, sdilutiion; stopaquote; of the wastes if we are talking on pounds per day in evaluating one discharge against another. MR aK LASSEN anAThbatais. nights plibisstis:imysprin- cipal purpose for raising this question. MR. STEIN I think that may be something we should explore because this would provide an equitable basis for comparison among the various States of all the discharges in the basin. MR. KLASSEN: We have completed-- MR. STEIN: Right. You recall we are going to arrive at that on the phosphates. Even though we talked in terms of 80 percent, we allocated that on a State basis and we are going to have a computation and come up with a pound per day figure. SNe | C. W. Klassen I. think this is the’ way pollution control is ioe: and I think you have raised a very good point with | hese MR. KLASSEN: Admittedly we are in a rather untquevposttign&in* TlPinoisvine the” process ofl removing all the wastes from Lake Michigan, and I don't know that I should be the one to raise this. However, we are always going to be confronted with problems of potential polluters of Lake Michigan regardless of the State, and IT believe it is .timey based on-our “past experience, .maybe to reevaluate and to set and change some of the water quality standards in Lake Michigan and work into some of these new techniques that you are talking about. I would | | | | hope this would come about. | MEGS STEAL Ns© 4¥es, -Mr. eM rangos 7? MR. FRANGOS; Yes, several more’, .Mr.. Chairman. | A_ 1 TCUire’ Solbaraint Foes Oo On Moris Una so Gee L Works, the Waukegan Works. I note that this is-- MR SS TEENY ST wonceri acres “could? sugpest. for.cie purposes of the record here, I think this would facili- tate matters if someone looked back and read it --I know you have several questions and maybe some of the conferee C. W. Klassen if we could go through these one at a time and have all the questions and discussions on Abbott Laboratories and then we will go on to the next. MR PRANGOS =" Adri eit. MR. STEIN: Does anyone else Nave a question or comment on the Abbott situation? Nave One 10m CLlariiorcatvilon. Where Vou say that all the wastes will be diverted to the Illinois River watershed from Abbott, does that mean that the cooling water will also be diverted or will the cooling water continue to go back into the lake? MR. KLASSEN: They are in the process now, and I purpose ly=dtan t= detail all of this, but in the appen- dix there is a detailed description of what Abbott is proposing and has in progress. It is proposed that all wastes will be removed from this cooling water stream, and I don't anticipate that straight cooling water that might have anything’ else CxcCeuU Neau ir 1orwo Li=sve- Gverved= Lor aropner watershed. If Mr. Anderson or ‘his engineers are here, | isn't that your understanding? You don't propose to take Stratego COOLiNe WAULENs= 15" Lila it? C. W. Klassen MR »ANDERSON: salhat ts corrects MR geek AS SGN Ol Kes MRo. STEIN: 910 4 she ieund ers Tengu uh ice Now, there is no proposal that any cooling within the plant be done to the seeping water going back tosthewlake (ae sone WOrds .~sVOU. are siust going To. take it in, .use it.for cooling wwatemsand put te our without reducing by artificial means the temperature? MR. KLASSEN: Unless the reduction of tempera- ture is necessary to meet the temperature water quality standards that we and the rest of the States adopt and which, sl. understand wi suup form mod hia On. Let me say this, that the discharges from cooling water of any industry will have to be modified to meet the water quality standards that are established, and if the cooling water from Abbott eventually when dis- charged to the lake violates these, then artificial means will have to be used. But it, of course, is not anywhere in the capacity range or the temperature range of power- plants, for example. But this is what would be expected of them as we would expect of every other industry. MR. STEIN: If there are no more comments, let' oF ME SEE Tes re a ae — 325 Cc. W. Klassen go on to the Waukegan Works. Mr. Frangos. MRE = PRANGOS?? © Yes .° SL? note that: the 3075000 gallons of waste acid are disposed in Indiana by deep well injection. MR .“ KLASSEN: ~ That’ is: correct. MR. FRANGOS: I will just comment, of course, this represents some kind of a trade-off and I think it ought to be clarified that deep well injection is pro- hipatedvinS@nwasconsitny MR. KLASSEN: ~Well, we don’t permit it in Illinois either. (Laughter. ) MR. FRANGOS: Well, I hope you can develop a stimulation to your neighbor. MR. STEING¢oJust a momens?*=2Mr. SPod6éte? MReeToCOne:**What-about*s and?bh SteePoMill? MR. KLASSEN: We do not permit deep well injection between Lake Michigan and the Fox River, between the Wisconsin line and Joliet, which is the northwest segment of the Chicago area. Because for long- range thinking there is water there, approximately 5,000 parts per million of chlorides, which is now not potable, C. W. Klassen but which in the future when desalination becomes prac- tical we are holding this now unpotable water free from any further pollution so that it could be used in the future when desalination becomes practical. In other parts of the State we have two other deep well injections, one at Hennepin, Illinois, where the J and L Steel Mills put.all.of their. pickle.liquor, and in southern, Illinois near the,oil fields, whereysome.saltywater ds,included, And none of these involve any underground aquifers. We have recently rejected two other deep well installations. We do permit these only under extreme conditions of geology where there is no ground water involved. The one at Hennepin is a little over a mile deep and it is not involved in any underground aquifers either now or potential. SOsgMre Poole 2s +correetswwe .denhavemonesymbut inasmuch as apparently,.U. S..Steel chose,to haul it to their Indiana plant, I would say we didn't encourage this, neither;did we-object.to it; .being, in interstate.traffic. MR svSTEIN: geoWeliseyounknow.,eifelaweses Iddadnows and I had a compliant neighbor like Indiana, I am not sure that I would be so sanctimonious, because they might S56 C. W. Klassen get religion and then where will you put the pickle Liquor? MR. KLASSEN: We will take that chance. (Laughter. ) MR. STEIN: Do you want to say anything, Mr. Poole? MR. POOLE: No. (Laughter. ) MR. STEIN: He left himself wide open. I can sitar th iswups MR. KLASSEN: I was quite surprised at my friend, 3 Mr :42oede. MR. POOLE: Other than what I told the com= missioner or the Assistant Secretary and that is, I don't believe there will be much problem in taking sulfuric acid out when you start taking out 5,000 parts per million salt. MR. KLASSEN: Mr. Frangos, off the record. (Off the record.) MR. STEIN: Let's go back on the record. Anyone on Commonwealth Edison? MR. MAYO: Yes, I have an observation to make, Mr. Chairman. 358 C. W. Klassen Mr. Klassen has mentioned that the heat being returned to the lake is apparently dissipated within 600 feet of the outfall. I don't want to argue the point with him. But I think that we should refer this item to figure 8 in the November 1968 report of the Conference Committee on Radiological and Thermal Waste Discharges because that figure would indicate that at 600 feet from the discharge, at least in April of 1968, that there was a temperature rise of approximately 7 degrees and as far out as 2,800 feet from the discharge there was still a | temperature rise of approximately 2 degrees at a foot below: the surface. MR. KLASSEN: That is correct. The word "apparently" was purposely put in there because under normal conditions it is dissipated within 600 feet. However, I could go you one a little better*on"your distances. There is a tongue of warm water that goes out into the lake even farther than indicated in your report, even up to about 4,000 feet, on the surface it goes out, and they are under certain meterological conditions. And rather than going into all these details, we recognize this, this is part of the record;“inder ooo C. W. Klassen normal» conditions *itwis' about 600 féet. “But it its pos sible, and this concerns us on all of these, that the warm water could--we call it a tongue--it could be channeled out under certain conditions far out into the lake. We recognize this and I am glad you brought this up. MR. STEIN: May I make a comment on this, and Ioas k all the conferees to listen to this because we are going to be grappling with this temperature business pretty soon and I have had a pretty concentrated dose of it in the last few months myself. I think what Mr. Klassen and Mr. Mayo have said is something we are finding all over. When we talk in terms of the 600 feet, 1,200 feet, 4,000 feet, this varies from time to time and we can argue with that back and. forth. I would refer back to the type of effluent control that Mr. Klassen mentioned awhile ago. This might be best for the industry and for us, even though you had to raise your temperature that you were looking at a degree or two, but the place that you might want to measure this is in the pipe where it comes from the plant. Therefore, the plant would know what they are doings; the regulatory agencies would know what they are Se 360 C. W. Klassen doing; and we would recognize when we set that tempera- ture it would protect the water uses of the receiving stream, but we would also Know that from day to day there would be fluctuations of a tongue or something of that kind and we wouldn't get into these involved measurements or discussions. Because where the discussions may just take time, it costs a lot of money to go out and measure the tongue or all these flanges or where the temperature is going to, and if that doesn't serve any useful purpose we might be well advised to think in terms of putting that control right in the pipe. By the way, we have proposed that in that Florida case, that we measure this right at the outfall and not in the water pool. MR. KLASSEN: And I understand, Mr. Chairman, that this could very well be the subject of a technical session in the very near future and I hope that this Will take place. MR oS Dd NeertkRiiehd. May I have one more question for clarification. Does the Commonwealth Edison Company provide any cooling devices at the present time? 361 on Weer Sen MR. KLASSEN: Not in that plant, no. | Me OU LIPLN. Lieik Lt Jonnston funded, actually funded? MR. STEIN: I think they have all been funded. It is a question of whether they have been allocated. MRS@T JOHNS DONG “ALL riehtse TAdian't’ use the right word. Allocated, then. MR. STEIN: How much of the $800 million have we got allocated to Illinois, do you know? MReSMAYOLD Avdonity know: MRS. JOHNSTON: You don't know? MR. STEIN: We will get you the answer. MRS. JOHNSTON: I would like to know. I would Ji ke teoaknow. MR. STEIN: As far as I know, there has been no holdback. MR. POOLE: As far as the table that was sent to me and based on Indiana's allotment, I assume it has all been allocated. MR. .SDEENS oes ninTothertwores., -as¥far*as I can tell, the Congress has passed this, this is an appropriation, cnone of the money "nas *been*frozen;tit has all been made available in allocation to the States. Now, you may have a question, Mrs. Johnston, 5 SS gE a a et, H ‘ 4HOl on how much the States really can use getting this, but we have done our part. Not to make that sound like a grandoise, self-serving statement, "We have done our ' I don't think we have any choice. This is a man- | part,’ tear act on the part of the Congress: and we must allo- cate in accordance with a strict mathematical formula set | forth in the statute. That has been done. MRS. JOHNSTON: Do you have the adequate staffin ito do this? I read just .a little article that said you did not,.recentlyds But dosayout- MR. STEIN: No, we obviously, with the numerous new applications coming in, have to build up.ounXstaffia As a matter of fact, last week we spent a delightful week before the Appropriation Committees of the House and the Senate. Among other things we were asking for additional people to do this work and we expect to be able to handle this... MRS. JOHNSTON: Then we do:expect, I can tell people, students that I am going to talk to within the next couple of months, that we are going to use the $800 million for sewage treatment facilities? MR. STEIN: What you can say is that $800 402 Mra wes os ONNS CON million is available. The question of whether we use it or not is if approved applications come forward. MRS. JOHNSTON: I see. MR. STEIN: And there has been some question, and I think this is fair to state, that when you get an increase such as this there may be a little time lag for this to be taken up. You have to recognize that last year the Federal program was $214 million. MRS. JOHNSTON: Right. MR. STEIN: We went up to $800 million. And I have>- been’ in’a’variety of grant programs for many years. Unless the pipeline is filled, you ordinarily do not go without a little lag from one level like that to another. But I suspect if the need is there that pipeline will PP Giver ye rau... MRomeOoUHNSTON: “Very good. Well, Leapprectate your explaining that to me, Mr. Stein. Aliso I had a’ question directed to you also. You know, we have had a special committee on nuclear discharges and the thermal pollution aspects of powerplants and reactors and I was very much disappointed that we weren't getting a report today. I understand that Mr. Kittrell 403 Mrs. E. L. Johnston |has retired. Who replaces him and why don't we get a | report today? MR. STEIN: Well,..again,, MiadsLttCredl, of course, is retired, and I have worked with Mr. Kittrell for most of his career. He has been one of our best men in this and many other areas of the country. That report has served its purpose. Now, the issue that we are facing, this is the issue they took up with Mrs. Botts, but just bear with us on this because this is a very important thing. We are striving to get ithe judgment of all the biologists and fisheries experts and water experts we can to come up with a meaningful, workable thermal policy or thermal requirement. I have i'found that that is not a very easy job. We have put in a lot of work. As a matter of fact, this morning.after breakfast, if.you asked how I Mr. Poole on the Great Lakes. I have indicated to you we have what we think is an approach on the Ohio River. We have an approach, at least what we think is an approac in the State, on Biscayne Bay. I have not quite worked | | Dee my time, I was discussing this with Mr. Purdy and this out with that series of southern States I was talkin 404 neler (eq bea Selekekspieteyal to you about. I don't have it at this stage,and I will give you that, with South Carolina, North Carolina, Georgia, Alabama and Mississippi. And the difficulty in this policy is the differences in the points of view may be small, but they are significant. We do not have this completely worked out with the lake States yet and this PS ea Verve Verve nor lori by. 1 bem . Let me try to tell you something here. It is easter, as it has been in pollution control, to deal | with something like this on a river rather than in a | conplexssystem such as a lake of this kind. I don't | think it is surprising that we arrive at some tempera- ture judgments on rivers first. But now we are tackling this and I think if you wait until the end of the meet- ing we will have a discussion as to when we are going to get together to try to iron out the differences in this thermal policy. No one realizes the urgency of this more than I do. And again I hope you would realize the com- Due z i VeoteethempnoDlem thes di tierences of sincere honest testimony we are getting-- MRS. JOHNSTON: I do, I do appreciate that. HOS MiSe etree ly tee Ollins cu Ort | | MR. STEIN: --and the fact that if we are going to make this work, what I believe we have to do is we have to come to an agreement among the four States repre- sented here and us and none of us can put out our own. | And with these people getting these diverse signals as well as I do, we have our work cut out for us. But let's see how well we can manage it and let's see if we can come up with something. MRS. JOHNSTON: Thank you very much, Mr. Stein. I just have a couple of more things. I just wanted to point out that ina publication of the FWPCA Tt points out that the Coss Ofeselecurle: Cy, COU) e mC Ctr Sumer because of the use of evaporating cooling towers would increase approximately one percent. So I think we can all afford that. Mr. Klassen, may I ask you a question? You have been in a-- MR. STEIN: Let me stop you there just a moment, please. The difficulty that we have in this stuff is just what you said here, and if I can take this, a@ microcosm. I wish the question of added cost with wet cooling towers was as simple as you stated it there. If at, Mrs“ EY Johnston this were so and all the experts agreed on that, we would be in wonderful shape. The point is I can scarcely get two people to agree with this, whether this won't create other problems, they are not agreed on‘cost, and so forth. I didn't mean to really interrupt. I know you are “talking to “Mrs Klassen. ~~But “wnat “want “t6é emphasize, | you may hear these figures, but they are not universally heYd~or even neld bya ‘significant consensus “of the pro- fesszon ; Thank you. Go ahead. MRS JOHNSTON: - “Well y*thank’youe “PF just-want totask -one“of Mri Klassen. How do you know what Abbott Laboratories is dumping into the lake in the wintertime and on the five days during the rest of the year, the five days in the week that you do not sample up there? MR. KLASSEN: We don't know other than the reports that we get from them, like every industry, because we cannot be there around the clock at all times. We have got to rely on the reports that we get from them and hope that they are honest enough to be reporting what HO7 Mrswaky Le Johnston the results are. MRS . -JOHNSTON : -wAlleright<..,9Thank,you. Now, there is one more for Mr. Stein, I believe. There have been published reports of a feud between the FWPCA and the U. S. Attorney's office. Are these reports true and, if so, how can this situation exist at a time when pollution enforcement action issues are direly needed? MR op LE LNs WeblbseoneeerLdiculouss. ~.Of courge not. We are one Government and we are one staff, and as far as I am concerned I am on the telephone with the Department of Justice practically every day in the week. As a matter of fact, if there is going to be any feud, there was one call from the lawyers back in Washington that Mrs. Piere told me about that because of the Presi- dent's meeting I couldn't answer. You ask some of the dischargers whether they find any difference between the Department of Justice and the other. Lpcanttsthink;of anything sthat is, mere. spurious than that. We are working just as closely as I have ever worked with anyone and the people who handle these cases in the Department of Justice, at least the senior people, 408 Mrs. E. Le. Johnston are people I have worked with for over 20 years and I regard them as close and valued colleagues. MRS. JOHNSTON: May I read you just one little thing and then I have taken too much time, I realize. This was from this morning's Tribune. "In Switzerland companies must have a license to take water from the lakes or rivers and be licensed to pump the used water back, but government can always threaten to cancel licenses." MR. STEIN: Do you know what the shape of those Swiss lakes are? I hope we don't come to that. MRS. JOHNSTON: Thank you very much for letting me be here. MR .o PURDY¢osMredstein’ MRo? SEIN e Yess MR. PURDY: I would like to comment with respect to the utilization of the construction grant funds. I don't want anyone to leave here thinking that there is a question as to whether or not Michigan can use its full allotment. We have made State offers now involving some $60 million since June of last year. We have in the 4og Mrenanbt bL. Jonnsiton pipeline now some 160 separate projects with an eligible construction cost in the neighborhood of $320 million and | this would be eligible under the 50 percent program for $160 million of Federal grant funds. Michigan's allocation this year is $33 million, so we expect to fully utilize the $33 million and to pre- finance some of this with our clean water bonding funds. | So weswill ase ist} wei wi Pl put it to work? and puti"more to work. | MR. MAYO: One other brief comment. In an effort to gear up to handling the increased construction grants load, the Great Lakes Regional Office was author- ized an additional 14 or 15 positionss® Most? ofothoce positions are already filwedss theipe opienare,. on’ thes job, so we don't anticipate that there is going to be any lag in handling the increased load of applications as a con- sequence of inadequate staff on the part of FWPCA. | MR. STEIN: Any other questions? If not, Mr. Klassen. MR. KLASSEN: Off the record just a moment. (Off the record.) MR. KLASSEN: Is there anyone here representing 410 C. W. Klassen Mr. Pancoe? Well, the Society Against Violation of the Environment submitted a statement that they were going to have someone here to read and I will submit it, Mr. Chairman, for the record. MR. STEIN: Without objection, that will be accepted as if read. (Which said statement is as follows: ) % U, S. GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE: 1970 O - 400-498 (VOL, 1) _ a= _—— = —— — : =o —s ¥ v - = oe : —_ 7 7 — oo - pa. ay it» » _7 , — bn yoo _ 7 - _ i% a ~ >? te wk ep Pi SP 08 ; “ae J gran badness : io fy “St to notes fotv: fontaghusetoos eidy xh sisi i 5+ gnfop Brow Yond tans dmemeted 2 2 nessndue n9 gore nd | IM or dindie Lib parebeer 0 ft soem uae ee tom webrose edt, 102, Aan nua?) od Pf tw ted? oetettostdortsedsgh 5 :MEGTS WM, 3. vee / | [© ot th wer obenel wath E tial hegaonod (rewolfot-ee et thometeta Shep MQtGW)) equine | 3 - | 7 <3 nee GAGE | / ef cemientk)™ Th ee | } | | 1 CVS 21 Te a i | | ) Fee Ht reased' contr uc vion _ J A Office Was suthor> | -s re 4 } 3 or. 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