OCT 2 7 i960 THE UNIVERSITY OF ILLINOIS LIBRARY s.sa. NN&2.(C' ■jEQWfil Return this book on or before the Latest Date stamped below. Digitized by the Internet Archive in 2016 https://archive.org/details/westvirginiageolhenn PLATE I. — Pittsburgh Coal Bed passing below Bmgamon creek on the eastern slope of the Wolf Summit anticline, % mile S. W. cf Pine Bluff. WEST VIRGINIA GEOLOGICAL SURVEY Doddridge and Harrison Counties. BY RAY V. HENNEN, Assistant Geologist. I. C. WHITE, State Geologist. Wheeling News Litho. Co. WHEELING, W. VA. 1912 '-Vuy ^ f 7t r youth, through adolescence, maturity to old age 34 PHYSIOGRAPHY. and death. The erosive life of a river or smaller stream is not measured so much from the duration of its existence as by the work of erosion it has accomplished and what yet remains to be completed. The writer gives the following account of the different stages of a stream’s life history in the Wirt-Roane-Calhoun Report, pages 30-31 : “In the early stage of the stream’s formation the longitudinal slope of its channel as it cuts its way downward, is steep. Erosion is necessarily rapid through the softer rocks, the harder and more resistent layers forming water falls and the stream, now in its period of infancy or youth, is passing to adolescence. It is now cutting its channel deeper and deeper and does very little lateral erosion. As the channel floor of the stream approaches closer to the level of its mouth, the gradient is much reduced and as a consequence the current of the stream much slower, and the hard, projecting ledges are brought to the general slope of the stream. Its load of sediment, formerly carried out by the swifter stream, is deposited in flood-plains, the river now taking up the work of lateral erosion except in case of floods, and over these flood-plains takes a meandering course, cutting in on one bank and depositing on the other. It is now carrying its maximum load of sediment and is performing its greatest work of erosion and is said to be in the maturity of its life. “The period of old age is said to be reached by the river when it has graded its valley floor nearly to sea level. The current then becomes sluggish and absent, the falling sediment obstructing the channel, and the river is not able to perform the work of erosion any longer, settling down to a period of senility. “All the periods of a river’s life may be represented at the same time. The lower course reaches old age first while the upper course is pushing its way hack into the divide in early maturity, while some of its tributaries are in the period of youth. Sometimes on the steepeT slope of a divide the swifter and more rapid stream cuts through the divide, taps the head-waters and robs a stream on the opposite side. This is called stream piracy. The remnants of the old stream, still pursuing their old courses, are spoken of as beheaded streams. A case in point is Beaver Dam creek where it formerly crossed Blue Ridge, 6 miles due south of Charlestown, W. Va. x This stream w r as unable to deepen its channel across this hard rock ridge as rapidly as the Shenandoah branch of the Potomac lowered its bed, and as a result the first stream was beheaded by the Shenandoah river. This is only one of the numerous instances of this kind. “It sometimes happens that a stream in mature age is revivified with all the appearances of youth. For instance, take a peneplain that has been elevated to an upland, having its mature, meandering rivers. It naturally follows that the work of erosion is taken up first along these old channels. These rivers take on the activity of renewed youth and cut their inherited gorges with their winding courses deeper. Thus we have a youthful stream with many features of in- herited maturity. “Sometimes the course of a river and topographic history may he influenced by forces so unusual as to be termed a ‘geologic accident’. 1. Professional Paper No. 60, p. 51, U. S. Geol. Survey; 1908. WEST VIRGINIA GEOLOGICAL SURVEY. 35 Such was the case during the Quaternary period of the history of the North American continent, when the northern seas were covered with an ice sheet of great extent and thickness. This great wall of ice moved southward, forming dams across the courses of rivers, resulting in great ponds and lakes, causing them to overflow at some low point in their enclosing valley w r alls. Here further erosion would take place, and form a new channel which might be continued when the ice- barrier melted away.” The southern terminus of this great northern glacier referred to above was 70 to 80 miles northwest from the Doddridge-Harrison area, but the indirect effects of its flood and water extended over a considerable portion of the two counties; viz., along both banks of West Fork river and its tributaries in Harrison county, and along the waters of Middle Island creek in Doddridge. If an examination is made of the drainage system of the area under discussion, it is found that in Harrison the West Fork river and its several tributaries have a distinct northward trend, showing beyond doubt that they flowed into the Monongahela when the latter was a tributary to the ancient and pre-glacial Pittsburgh river, the latter running northward from near the present site of Beaver Falls, Pa., into the St. Lawrence drainage basin. It is also found that in Doddridge, Middle Island creek and its tributaries have a distinct north- west trend, and that it is quite probable that this stream’s chan- nel constituted a part of the drainage system of the pre-glacial Marietta river. None of the streams of the Doddridge-Harri- son area has as yet reached base level, but, with the excep- tion of West Fork river, all have a rapid rate of fall, with meandering courses, tending to show that they possess this mature character by inheritance. The following table shows in a graphic manner not only the rate of fall per mile of the principal streams of the Doddridge-Harrison area, but their departure from a straight line course, and the ratio of the total distance between the points on the same, measured by the meanders of the streams, to the air line distance between the same points: 36 PHYSIOGRAPHY. STREAMS Total Fall feet 1 Total Distance Miles Rate of fall per Mile. Feei Air Line Distance Miles Ratio T. D. to A. L. D. West Fork river, from Lewis-Harrison Co. line to Tygarts Valley river 112 55.8 2.0 | 27.6 2.0 West Fork river, from Lewis-Harrison Co. line to Weston 31 10.0 3.1 6.6 1.5 Bingamon creek, mouth to Peora 69 6.4 10.7 4.0 1.6 Bingamon creek. Peora-Margaret 74 6.8 10.9 5.8 1.1 Tenmile creek, mouth to Marsh ville. .. . 71 12.2 5.8 7.6 1.6 Tenmile creek, Marshville to Jarvisville 78 8.4 9.3 6.2 1.3 Little Tenmile. mauth to Wallace 78 7.8 10.0 6.8 1.1 Kincheloe creek, mouth te Benson 62 5.8 10.6 5.4 1.1 Booths creek, mouth to Boothsville 86 7.8 11.0 4.6 1.7 Booths creek, Boothsville to Meadland. . 350 6.8 51.4 5.3 1.3 Shinns run, mouth to Saltwell 95 3.2 29.7 2.9 1.1 Simpson creek, mouth to Douglas run... 81 12.2 6.2 | | 8.0 1.5 Simpson creek, Douglas run to Simpson. 100 7.6 13.1 | 1 6.9 1.1 Elk creek, mouth to mouth of Gnatty... 76 13.2 5.8 | 1 8.5 1.5 Elk creek, mouth of Gnatty to Elk City. 82 10.0 8.2 | 8.8 1.1 Browns creek, mouth to 2 miles south- east of Byron 140 3.6 1 38.8 3.6 1.0 Lost creek, mouth to Rockford 72 6.6 10.9 5.0 1.3 Hackers creek, mouth to Berlin 55 12.2 4.5 8.0 1.5 Hackers creek, Berlin to Ruraldale 85 7.4 11.4 6.7 1.1 McElroy creek, mouth to mouth of Flint 44 10.2 4.3 5.8 1.8 McElroy creek, mouth of Flint to Center- point 48 7.6 6.3 5.3 1.4 McElroy creek, Centerpoint to Cascara. . 142 6.8 20.9 5.2 1.3 Flint run, mouth to Flint P. O 105 6.9 15.2 5.7 1.2 Middle Island, mouth of Arnolds creek to mouth of Bluestone 46 10.5 4.3 5.0 2.1 Middle Island, mouth of Bluestone to Avon 97 14.8 6.5 9.1 1.6 Middle Island, Avon to Big Isaac 115 6.6 17.4 | 6.0 1.1 Arnolds creek, mouth to Claylick run... 78 6.8 11.4 | 4.6 1.5 Hughes river, Oxford to Kelly 100 6.0 16.6 | 5.6 1.1 Hughes river. Summers to Grove 90 4.2 21.4 | 3.6 1.1 Cove creek, mouth to Leopold 100 8.8 11.4 | 1 7.2 1.2 In the last column of the above table is given the ratio of the total distance (T. D.) measured by the meanders of the stream to the air line distance (A. L. D.). In each in- stance it is very evident that the nearer this ratio approaches unity, the greater the rate of fall. Prior to the glacial period, the Monongahela river and its larger tributaries probably cut their channels to near the base level of the old Pittsburgh river, and then started to cut their present meandering channels. Middle Island creek and its larger branches probably did likewise with reference to the Old Marietta river. Later the greatly increased volume of water in the Ohio, now flowing southwestward, cut its chan- nel deeper much more rapidly than its tributaries, and thus revivified the latter with new life and energy. The heavy deposit of silt in the low gap near the west PLATE III (a). — Topography of the Monongahela series at Rey- noldsville, Harrison county. PLATE III (b). — Same slightly farther east. WEST VIRGINIA GEOLOGICAL SURVEY. 37 edge of Salem, Harrison county, is evidence that this depres- sion in the dividing ridge between the waters of the old Pittsburgh and Marietta rivers was occupied by quite a large stream of water during the glacial period, connecting both drainage basins. DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAINAGE BASINS. West Fork River. The West Fork river is the largest stream in the Doddridge-Harrison area. It almost bisects Harrison county in a northeast-southwest direction, and together with the Tygart Valley river forms the Monangahela, one mile and a half southwest from Fairmont. West Fork has its head in the southern portion of Upshur county, 47.6 miles by air line measurement from its mouth. The distance measured by the meanders between the same points is 91.5 miles. The entire area of its drainage basin is 842.8 square miles. The whole of Harrison county lies within this basin. By far the larger portion of this basin has been stripped of its original forests and is under cultivation. For that reason it is subject to sud- den floods and periods of very low water to a much greater extent than the Tygart Valley fork of the Monongahela, this river having its headwaters mostly in a forest covered region. Along both banks of West Fork in Harrison county there occur a series of alluvial terraces which will be described on a subsequent page of this report. In order to determine the surface water supply of the Ohio river basin, the United States Geological Survey estab- lished several gauging stations on the many large tributaries of the latter in West Virginia. One of these stations is located on West Fork river at Enterprise, Harrison county, 12 miles by the meanders of the latter above the junction of West Fork and Tygart Valley rivers. The following inter- esting data obtained at the Enterprise gauging station, is taken from Water Supply paper No. 263 of the U. S. Geological Siirvey, pages 49 and 50 : “This station, which is located at the highway bridge at Enter- prise, W. Va., was established June 2, 1907, to obtain data for use in 3 « PHYSIOGRAPHY. studying water power, water supply, pollution, flood control, and storage problems. “Bingamon Creek is tributary from the west about 1 mile below the station. “Winter conditions are mild and ice does not form very thick, if at all. “A small dam is located at Worthington, about 3 miles below the station, but backwater does not reach to the section, for, from Decem- ber 5 to 12, 1908, when the gates of the dam were opened to let water out of the pond, no effect was produced at the gage. The gage reader states that during the summer of 1908 the only water running in the river was the p»umpage from the numerous coal mines along the stream. “The datum of the chain gage, attached to the bridge, has re- mained unchanged; the records are reliable and accurate. “Sufficient data have not yet been collected to enable estimates of flow to be made.” Discharge measurements of West Fork River at Enterprise, W. Va., in 1909. Date Hydrographer Width Area of Section Gage | Height Dis- charge May 18 A. H. Horton | Feet | 153 | Sq. Feet | | 292 | i i Feet | | 1.68 i Sec. Ft. 128 December 6 G. L. Parker | | 151 1 1 1 | 240 | 1 | 1.40 | 1 | 60 1 Daily gage height, in feet, of West Fork River at Enterprise, W. Va., in 1909. (C. M. Tetrick, observer.) DAY | Jan . | Feb . | Mar . | Apr . | May | June | July | Aug . | Sept . | Oct . | [ Nov . | Dec . 1 . . . ■ 1 1 - 3 ! 2 . 9 1 4 . 8 1 3 . 8 1 8 . 9 1 1.91 2 . 6 1 1 . 6 1 1.31 1-21 l . G | 1.5 2 .| 1.1 2 . 8 1 4 . 4 1 3 . 4 | 7.01 1.81 2 . 3 1 1.51 1.2 1.2 1 - 5 1 1.5 3 .’ .’ .* .1 1.6 2 . 6 1 3 . 5 1 3 . 0 | 5.21 1-81 1 • 9 1 1 . 4 | 1.2 1.1 1.51 1.5 4 . . . .| 1.8 4 . 8 | 3 . 6 1 3 . 3 | 4 . 5 1 1 . 8 } 1 . 3 | 1 . 3 ) 1.2 1.0 1.51 1.5 5 . . . .| 1.8 4 . 4 1 6 . 2 1 3 . 8 1 3.81 2 . 4 ] 1.5 1 . 2 ] 1.2 1.0 1.6 1.5 6 . . . .1 1.9 4 . 0 1 4 . 2 1 3 . 4 1 3 . 2 1 2 . 3 [ 1.5 1 . 4 | 1.1 .9 1 . 5 1.4 7 . . . .| 1.8 3 . 9 1 4 . 0 | 3 . 0 1 2.81 2 . 5 ] 1.4 1 . 3 1 1.1 .9 1.5 1.5 8 .\‘. .1 1.7 3 . 8 1 3 . 8 1 2 . 7 1 2.51 2 . 4 ] 1.3 1 . 2 ] 1.1 1.0 1.4 1.6 9 . . . .1 1.7 4 . 3 1 3 . 7 1 2.51 2 . 3 1 9 . 1 | 1.2 1.11 1.1 .9 1.4 1.7 10 . . . .1 1.6 8 . 3 1 3 . 5 1 2 . 3 1 2.21 4 . 8 | 1 . 1 ] 1 . 0 | 1.9 .9 1 . 5 | 2.0 11 . . . .| 1.5 6 . 8 1 4 . 4 1 2.21 2.11 5 . 3 | 1 . 1 | . 9 | 4.3 .9 4.31 1.8 12 . . . .1 2.3 5 . 2 1 3 . 8 1 2.11 2.01 4 . 8 | 1 . 0 ) • 8 | 3.2 1.2 3 . 3 1 6.4 13 . . . .| 1.8 4 . 8 | 3 . 6 1 2 . 1 ] 1.91 4 . 5 1 1.51 . 8 | 2.2 1.5 2 . 5 1 4.6 14 . . . .| 1.7 4 . 3 1 3 . 4 1 6 . 7 1 1 . 9 ) 3 . 3 1 1.7 1 . 8 | 1.8 1.4 2 . 2 1 3.5 15 . . . .j 8.5 3 . 9 1 2 . 9 1 5 . 6 1 1 . 7 1 4-31 1 - 8 ) 1 . 2 1 1.6 1-4 1 2 . 0 | 3.1 16 . . . .1 6.4 10 . 9 | 2.61 4 . 4 1 1.71 3 . 5 1 2 . 0 1 2.01 1.5 1-4 1 1 - 9 | 2.9 17 . . . .| 4.8 8 . 3 1 4 . 3 1 3 . 3 ) 1.71 2.81 1.9 1 2 . 5 | 1.4 1 - 4 ] 1 1 - 8 | 2.8 18 . . . .1 6.4 3 . 8 1 4 . 0 1 3 . 0 1 1.61 7 . 1 | 1 - 7 1 2 . 0 | 1.3 1.5 1 1 • 7 | 2.7 19 . . . • | 4.1 4 . 3 1 3 . 7 1 2 . 8 1 1 . 5 | 6 . 6 1 1 . 8 ) 1 . 9 1 1.2 1.4 1 1-61 2.6 20 . . . .| 3.3 4 . 8 | 3 . 2 1 3 . 3 1 1 . 5 1 5 . 5 ( 1.7 I 1 . 7 1 1.2 1.4 1 1 - 6 | 2.5 21 . . . .| 2.8 3 . 8 1 2 . 9 1 9 . 4 1 1 . 9 1 3 . 0 | 1.51 3 . 4 1 1.2 1.4 1 1 - 5 |. 22 . . . .1 2.7 5 . 0 1 4 . 4 |: L 0 . 3 1 2.61 2 . 6 ] 1.41 2 . 7 | 1.1 1.4 1 1 . 51 , 23 . . . • i 2.4 4 . 3 1 3 . 8 | 9 . 3 1 2 . 2 | 2 . 7 | 1 - 3 ! 2 . 3 1 1.1 1.6 1 1 - 5 |, 24 . . . .| 4.3 10 . 0 | 3 . 5 1 7 . 1 1 2 . 0 1 2 . 6 1 1 - 2 1 1 . 8 1 1.1 7.2 1 1 - 5 |, 25 . . . .| 3.9 7 . 9 1 3 . 2 1 5 . 4 1 1 . 8 1 2 . 6 1 1.5 1.61 1.5 6.4 1 1 - 61 , 26 . . . .| 3.4 5 . 9 1 3 . 0 1 4 . 6 1 1 . 7 1 2 . 5 ( 1.7 1 . 4 1 1.2 3.8 1 1 . 81 , 27 . . . .1 3.0 4 . 8 1 2 . 9 1 4 . 0 | 2 . 0 1 4 - 2 1 1 . 6 ! 1 . 3 ] 1.1 2.8 1 1 - 7 | 2 ! 3 28 . . . • | 2.8 5 . 3 1 2 . 8 | 3 . 5 1 2 . 5 | 9 . 3 1 1 • 5 1 1 . 2 | 1.4 2.3 1 1 . 61 , 29 . . . .| 2.8 1 1 4 . 3 1 3 . 0 1 2 . 3 1 4.41 1.41 1 . 1 1 1.2 2.2 1 1 - 6 1 . 30 . . . • | 3.3 3 . 9 1 2.81 2 . 2 1 3 . 3 ! 1*61 1.31 1.3 1.8 1 1 . 6 ! 31 . . .| 3.0 3 . 6 1 2 . 1 ] ....) 1.7 1 1 . 3 1 1.8 ! Note.- —Ice conditions December : 18 to 31 . Thickness of ice December ‘27; 0.3 foot.' WEST VIRGINIA GEOLOGICAL SURVEY. 39 An examination of the above tables readily shows that the low water period for the West Fork river for the year 1909 occurred during the months of July, August, September, October and November. However, the year 1911 will show this stream having high water stages during the whole of the months of September and October. Hence, as mentioned in the Water Supply Paper referred to above, the gages have not extended over a sufficient number of years to be reliable. Haymond 2 gives the following interesting account of an early attempt to obtain slackwater on West Fork river: “The Legislature on January 19, 1817, passed an act incorporating a company for the improvement of the navigation of the West Fork and Monongahela rivers to be called the Monongahela Navigation Company. “The object of the Company was to make a channel navigable fcr flat boats, rafts and lumber at all seasons from the mouth of Stone Coal Creek on the West Fork River down that stream and the Monon- gahela to the Pennsylvania State line, and were authorized to con- struct locks, slopes and dams for that purpose. “Authority was also given the Company to cut a canal and divert the waters of the Buckhannon river to the waters of the West Fork river, for the purpose of procuring an additional supply of water. “The following persons were authorized to open books in Clarks- burg to receive subscriptions for stock to aid the enterprise. The shares were for $100.00 each and the amount limited to $150,000. “John G. Jackson, Benjamin Wilson, Jr., James Pindall, George I. Davisson, William Williams and David Hewes, John Stealey, Ralph Berkshire, Felix Scott, Thomas Wilson, John Rogers and George S. Darling were authorized to receive subscriptions. “Additional acts were subsequently passed enlarging the powers of the Company and a survey was made from Weston down to the Pennsylvania State line, and the distance was found to be 107 miles and the fall 223 feet. “The work was commenced on the West Fork in Harrison County and several dams were constructed. “The sum of a fraction less than $21,000 was expended in this work, one fifth of which had been contributed by the State of Virginia, which was a large sum for that day. “Shortly after these dams were constructed and others about to be commenced there came one of Noah’s floods, which did so much damage to the property that the enterprise was abandoned. “In 1829 proceedings were instituted in the Circuit Court by the Board of Public Works to declare the rights and franchises of the Company forfeited and vested in the said Board. “The dams constructed by the Company were declared common nuisances and the sheriff was ordered to abate them. These dams are described as located one at the mouth of Jack Run, one at or near Lambert’s Run, one at the Falls above the mouth of Ten Mile Creek, one near Benjamin Reader’s and one at the White rocks.” 2. History of Harrison County, pages 427 and 428; 1910. 40 PHYSIOGRAPHY. In Harrison county there occur several well defined old abandoned channels of West Fork river. Taking these up in succession from south to north, we find the first of these now occupied mostly by the small stream, nearly two miles in length, that empties into the river from the east side, one mile and a half below the mouth of Hackers creek. Passing on down the river about three miles, we find a well marked old channel, the upper portion of which is at present occupied by Duck creek for three-fourths mile in its lower course. The other leg of the channel evidently passed to the east side of the round knob, located one-half mile northeast from the mouth of Duck creek. It also seems quite probable that the river once flowed through the low gap at the southeast edge of the round knob, located one-half mile due south of the town of West Milford. Passing on down West Fork to a point about two miles below West Milford, we find an old channel of the river just east of the public highway extending northward from Highland ford to Allen ford. On below this at a point about one mile northwest from Farnum, we find an old abandoned channel, barely two miles long, which is now closely followed by the W. Va. Short Line Branch of the Baltimore & Ohio Railroad. Then, too, at Meadowbrcok, we find an old abandoned channel of the river extending almost due northward from the latter point and having a length of slightly over a mile. It is also closely followed by the same railroad. In Harrison county, the principal western tributaries of the West Fork river, from north to south, are Bingamon creek, Robinson run, Tenmile creek, Lambert, Crooked, Lime- stone and Davisson runs, and Coburn, Sycamore, Buffalo, Isaacs, Lick and Kincheloe creeks. Its eastern branches, from north to south, are Laurel, Mudlick and Shinns runs, and Simpson, Elk, Browns, Lost, Duck and Hackers creeks. A brief description will now be given of the most important of these tributaries. Bingamon Creek. — Bingamon creek empties into West Fork river one mile north of Enterprise, at the point where the Marion-Harrison county line crosses the latter stream. WEST VIRGINIA GEOLOGICAL SURVEY. 41 It has its source at the common corner to Wetzel, Marion and Harrison counties, and has a narrow “V” shaped valley with high steep walls. Thb area of its drainage basin is 46 square miles. The total distance from its mouth to its head, measured by the meanders of the stream, is 16.2 miles. The air line distance between the same points is 11.7 miles. From Margaret to Peora the stream falls 74 feet in a distance of 6.8 miles, or at the rate of 10.9 feet to the mile. From Peora to the mouth of Bingamon, the stream falls 69 feet in a distance of 6.4 miles, or at the rate of 10.7 feet to the mile. The lower part of its course is quite crooked. It no doubt possesses this mature character by inheritance from glacial times. Tenmile Creek. — Tenmile creek empties into the West Fork river one mile and a half below Gypsy. It has its source in the extreme western point of Harrison county, one mile west of Salem, and flows in a northeasterly direction with a meandering channel. From its head to its mouth, measured by the windings of the stream, the distance is 26.4 miles. The air line distance between the same points is only 15.6 miles. From Jarvisville to Marshville the stream falls 78 feet in 8.4 miles, or at the rate of 9.3 feet to the mile. From Marshville to its .mouth, the fall is 71 feet in a distance of 12.2 miles, or at the rate of 5.8 feet to the mile. The entire area of its drain- age basin is 126 square miles. Its largest tributary is Little Tenmile creek, whose drainage basin has an area of 28.4 square miles. Kincheloe Creek. — Kincheloe creek has its source in the extreme southwest corner of Harrison county, and empties into West Fork river at the point where the latter stream crosses the Harrison-Lewis county line. The area of its drainage basin is 21.3 square miles. Measured by the mean- ders of the stream, it is 8.6 miles from its head to the mouth. The air line 'distance between the same points is 7.8 miles. From Benson P. O. to the mouth of Kincheloe, the total fall is 62 feet in 5.8 miles, or at the rate of 10.6 feet to the mile. It has a narrow “V” shaped valley, with high fairly steep walls. Like all the tributaries of West Fork river, the stream is passing through the period of infancy or youth as is well 42 PHYSIOGRAPHY. indicated by the rapid rate of fall and the work of erosion it has yet to perform. Booths Creek. — Booths creek drains the northeast corner of Harrison county. It has its source near Meadland P. O. in western Taylor county, and flows northwestward via Boothsville, emptying into West Fork river at Monongah, 5 miles above the mouth of the latter stream. The area of its drainage basin is 45 square miles, only a small portion of which is included within the boundaries of Harrison county. From its head to the mouth, measured by the windings of the stream, the distance is 16.4 miles. The air line distance be- tween the same points is 11.6 miles. From Meadland to Boothsville, the stream has a total fall of 350 feet in a dis- tance of 6.8 miles, or at the rate of 51.4 feet to the mile. From Boothsville to its mouth. Booths creek falls 86 feet in a dis- tance of 7.8 miles, or at the rate of 11 feet to the mile. These figures illustrate in a graphic manner that the different periods of a stream’s life may be represented at the same time. The rapid rate of fall in its upper course shows this portion of the stream to be in the period of infancy or youth, while the lower course is rapidly approaching the period of adolescence. Simpson Creek. — Simpson creek empties into West Fork river at Meadowbrook. It has its source 5 miles southwest from Grafton, Taylor county. The area of its drainage basin is 84.6 square miles, about one-half of which is situated in Harrison county, and the residue in Taylor and Barbour. From its*mouth to its head, the distance is 21.6 miles. The air line distance between the same points is only 15 miles. From the town of Simpson to the mouth of Douglas run, three-fourths of a mile west of the Taylor-Harrison county line, Simpson creek falls 100 feet in 7.6 miles, or at the rate of 13.1 feet to the mile. From the mouth of Douglas run to the mouth of Simpson creek, the latter stream falls 81 feet in 12.2 miles, or at the rate of 6.6 feet to the mile. In this portion of its course it has a wide meandering channel. This mature character, however, is evidently one of inheritance, since the rate of fall, 6.6 feet to the mile, shows that it has not yet reached base-level with West Fork river. The creek flows WEST VIRGINIA GEOLOGICAL SURVEY. 43 in a northwest direction entirely across the great Chestnut Ridge anticlinal. Elk Creek. — Elk creek empties into West Fork river at Clarksburg. It was so designated by the pioneers from the animal of that name which formerly abounded on the stream. The present head of Elk creek is represented by the head of Indian fork, 3 miles northeast from Century, Barbour county. A study of the topography of this region inclines the writer to the belief that the latter branch formerly flowed directly into Tygart river a short distance above Philippi, but later was robbed by the ever advancing headwaters of Elk into the high plateau of this locality. The area of the drainage basin of Elk creek is 121.7 square miles. From its head to its mouth, measured by the windings of the stream, the distance is 28.6 miles. The air line distance between the same points is only 16.8 miles. From Elk City to the mouth of Gnatty creek, Elk falls 82 feet in 10 miles, or at the rate of 8.2 feet to the mile. From the mouth of Gnatty to Clarksburg, it falls only 76 feet in 13.2 miles, or at the rate of 5.8 feet to the mile. In this portion of its course Elk has a wide meandering channel, but the rapid rate of fall is evidence that this mature character is inherited from some past period of the stream’s life history. At two different points along the course of Elk there occur well defined old abandoned channels. The first of these is found one-half mile southwest from the town of Quiet Dell, Harrison county, where the stream evidently flowed through the low gap between the two round knobs on the east bank of the present channel of Elk. The other is located one mile southeast from Clarksburg, Y to y 2 mile west from the present channel of Elk and between the mouths of Fowlkus and Nutter runs. Lost Creek. — Lost creek empties into West Fork river one mile and a half below the town of West Milford. Its source is at the common corner to Harrison, Upshur and Lewis counties. From the latter point to its mouth, the dis- tance is 9.6 miles. The air line distance between the same points is 7.4 miles. From the town of Rockford to its mouth, Lost creek falls 72 feet in a distance of 6.6 miles, or at the 44 PHYSIOGRAPHY. rate of 10.9 feet to the mile. The area of its drainage basin is 20 square miles. Hackers Creek. — Hackers creek rises about one mile southwest from Pecks Run P. O., Upshur county, and flows northwestward via Ruraldale, Berlin and Jane Lew, emptying into West Fork River one mile and a half below the inter- section of the latter stream with the Harrison-Lewis county line. The area of its drainage basin is 54.4 square miles. From its head to its mouth, measured by the windings of the stream, the distance is 21.4 miles. The air line distance be- tween the same points is only 13.8 miles. From Ruraldale to Berlin, the stream falls 85 feet in 7.4 miles, or at the rate of 11.4 feet to the mile. From the latter point to its mouth, Hackers creek falls only 55 feet in 12.2 miles, or at the rate of 4.5 feet to the mile. In this latter portion of its course the creek has approached nearer to base-level with West Fork river than any other tributary of the latter stream, or in other words, is fast approaching the period of adolescence. Its very crooked channel, bordered by wide bottoms, is mute testimony to the fact. Middle Island Creek. — Middle Island creek has its source in the extreme eastern point of Doddridge county, and flows northwestward via Big Isaac,. Avon, West Union, Deep Valley and Middlebourne, emptying into the Ohio river one mile above St. Marys. A full description of this stream in its lower course is given by the writer in the report of Marshall, Wetzel and Tyler Counties, pages 46 .and 47. The entire area of its drainage basin is about 560 square miles, nearly one-half of which lies within the boundaries of Doddridge county. From its mouth to its head, measured by the windings of the stream, the distance is 94.7 miles. The air line distance be- tween the same points is only 38.3 miles. From Big Isaac to Avon, the creek falls 115 feet in 6.6 miles, or at the rate of 17.4 feet to the mile. From the latter point to the mouth of Bluestone, the fall is 97 feet in 14.8 miles, or at the rate of 6.5 feet to the mile. From the latter point to the mouth of Arnolds creek at the Doddridge-Tyler county line, the fall is 46 feet in 10.5 miles, or at the rate of 4.3 feet to the mile. PLATE IV. — Wide valley eroded by Hackers creek, one mile above its mouth. (See description of stream). Here the Valley Walls are in the Conemaugh series. WEST VIRGINIA GEOLOGICAL SURVEY. 45 The creek has a very low rate of fall from West Union to the Ohio river, and is fast approaching base-level with the latter stream. Its important tributaries in Doddridge county are McElroy creek, Flint run, and Arnolds creek. A short de- scription will now be given of each. McElroy Creek. — McElroy creek drains the northern portion of Doddridge county. It has its source 2 miles north- west from. Salem, and flows in a northwest direction via Cascara, Sedalia, Centerpoint, and Ashley, crossing the Doddridge-Harrison county line at Eagle Mills and empty- ing into Middle Island creek one-half mile east from Center- ville, Tyler county. The area of its drainage basin is 106.4 square miles, by far the larger portion of which lies in Doddridge county. The distance from the mouth to the head of McElroy is 26.4 miles. The air line distance between the same points is only 15.5 miles. From Cascara to Centerpoint, the creek falls 142 feet in 6.8 miles, or at the rate of 20.9 feet to the mile. From the latter point to the mouth of Flint run, the fall is 48 feet in 7.6 miles, or at the rate of 6.3 feet to the mile. From the mouth of Flint to Middle Island creek, McEl- roy falTs 44 feet in 10.2 miles, or at the rate of 4.3 feet to the mile. In the last ten miles of its course it is rapidly approach- ing base-level with Middle Island creek, but has not yet reached the period of adolescence. Its channel is quite crooked, especially below Centerpoint, having high steep valley walls ; hence it is quite evident that it possesses this mature character by inheritance. Arnold Creek.— Arnold creek drains the western portion of West Union district and the eastern portion of Central dis- trict, Doddridge county. The stream has its source 2 l / 2 miles northwest from Kelly P. O. It flows northward and passes just east from Central Station, emptying into Middle Island creek at the Doddridge-Tyler county line. Almost its entire drainage basin lies in Doddridge county, the area of which is 34.9 square miles. From its mouth to its head, measured by the windings of the stream, the distance is 12.4 miles. The air line distance between the same points is 9.2 miles. From 46 PHYSIOGRAPHY. the mouth of Claylick run to Middle Island creek, Arnold falls 78 feet in a distance of 6.8 miles, or at the rate of 11.4 feet to the mile. It has a narrow “V” shaped valley with high steep walls. The rapid rate of fall as well as the work of erosion yet to be, accomplished shows the stream to be still in the period of youth. South Fork, Hughes River. — The southwestern portion of Doddridge county is drained by the waters of the South Fork of Hughes river. The former has its source one mile and a half southeast from Kelly P. O. It flows northwest via Kelly and Nay, crossing the Doddridge-Ritchie county line at Oxford. The area of its drainage basin in Doddridge, including that portion of the basin of its tributary, Middle Fork, is 31.2 square miles. From Kelly to Oxford, South Fork falls 100 feet in 6 miles, or at the rate of 16.7 feet to the mile. The junction of South Fork and North Fork at Cisko on Ritchie-Wirt county line forms Hughes river. TOPOGRAPHY OF THE LAND AREA. Like other counties of western West Virginia, the Doddridge-Harrison area is a highly dissected plateau, ranging in elevation from 1,000 to 1,800 feet above sea level. The agencies of erosion have reduced the plateau practically all to slope. The streams generally flow in narrow, deeply indented “V” sliaped valleys. The numerous ridges and knobs, capped with harder layers of rock strata, ranging from 1,000 to 1,800 feet above tide, bear testimony of the existence of this former plateau. The West Fork river has cut a deep gorge from *4 to 1 mile in width and 250 to 500 feet in depth entirely across central Harrison county in a north and south direction, through almost horizontal layers of rock. Middle Island creek has done likewise in a northwest-southeast direction entirely across Doddridge county. The valley walls in many places are quite steep and rough, caused by the outcrop of great sandstone ledges, but over a large portion of Harrison county the outcropping limestones of the Monongahela series WEST VIRGINIA GEOLOGICAL SURVEY. 47 have weathered into a fairly uniform gentle slope. The gen- eral surface of the uplands is rolling except when trenched by small ravines. The flood plains of West Fork river are represented by narrow strips of fertile bottom land along both shores that widen out first on one side, then on the other. River Terraces. — Several pronounced terraces occur along both valley walls of West Fork river in Harrison county. The most persistent and readily recognized terrace occurs at an elevation ranging from 1,040 to 1,100 feet above tide. The towns 'of Goodhope, West Milford and Clarksburg are built largely on this erosion bench. The latter terrace was most probably formed when the great glacial dam came down from the north, changing the course of the ancient Pittsburgh river near Beaver Falls, Pa., from its old route across the State of Ohio to Lake Erie, to a southwest direction and forming the present Ohio river. At this time a great interior lake was formed within the valley walls of West Fork and other tributaries of the Monongahela river by back-water from the glacial dam at Beaver Falls, Pa., the summit of which probably reached an elevation of 1,100 to 1,120 feet above tide. In fact, the deposit of silt and clay in the region of the low gap west of Salem, Harrison county, makes it appear quite probable that this great lake overflowed through this de- pression in the dividing ridge into the present drainage sys- tem of Middle Island creek, the latter at that time belonging to the old Marietta river system. This old terrace is well defined along both banks of West Fork river south from Clarksburg to the Harrison-Lewis county line. North of Clarksburg the terrace is very pronounced on the west side of the river to Lumberport, and advantage was taken of the same in building the W. Va. Short Line Branch of the Balti- more & Ohio Railroad. It is also well defined along both banks of the river north from the mouth of Tenmile creek to the Harrison-Marion county line. PART II The Geology of the Doddridge- Harrison Area. CHAPTER III, STRUCTURE. Introduction. Geologic structure treats of the pitch or lay of the strata of any region under discussion. The original position of rock beds, whether formed by sedimentation or lava flows, is nor- mally horizontal. The original attitude of these rocks, how- ever, is later much changed by tangential pressure brought about by the contraction of the earth’s interior, and the rocks composing the crust of the latter are bent and warped by this pressure into a number of approximately parallel wrinkles or folds. In the Doddridge-Harrison county area these folds all have a distinct northeast-southwest trend. In the discus- sion of these structural forms, the upward bending arch is called an anticline and the downward bending trough a syncline. The axis of a fold is the line joining the highest points of ah anticline and the lowest points of a syncline. The strata dip from the axis of the former and to the axis of the latter. The strike is the direction of the horizontal edges of dipping strata. The nose of an anticline is the term applied to the structural form made by the sudden rise or fall in elevation of the axis of the fold. WEST VIRGINIA GEOLOGICAL SURVEY. 49 Method of Representing Structure. In geologic mapping there are two methods in general use in representing structure. One of these is by means of cross sections at right angles to the line of strike. These show how the strata would appear if deep ditches were dug perpendicular to the line of strike entirely across the two counties. This method is qifite satisfactory where faulting takes place, or the folds overturn as they frequently do. In the area under discussion several of the folds are so slight that the method would be very unsatisfactory, since the folds would hardly be noticeable on a map of the scale accom- panying this report and on which the economic geology is exhibited ; again, the method does not give the desired knowledge of the shape of the arches or basins in the area, a feature that is very essential to the future development of its mineral resources with special emphasis on coal, petroleum and natural gas. A second method that fills the latter conditions consists in the representation by contour lines that show the elevation above sea level of some particular rock bed. This stratum is generally one that is known irom its wide and persistent outcrop, its exploitation by mines, and sometimes by its fre- quent use as a. “key rock” by drillers for oil and gas in the region to be mapped. In the Doddridge-Harrison area the writer has selected the Pittsburgh coal bed as the stratum that meets the above conditions. It outcrops over a large portion of Harrison county and has there been mined quite extensively for com- mercial purposes as well as for domestic fuel. It is also a widely recognized “key rock” by the oil well drillers in east- ern Doddridge and western Harrison counties. The altitude of the top of the Pittsburgh coal bed over a large portion of Harrison county was obtained by levels on its outcrop, but its horizon lies entirely below drainage in Doddridge and in western Harrison. Here its elevation was determined in a large measure from levels on oil and gas wells that had penetrated the bed. The levels are based on 50 STRUCTURE. the top instead of the base of the Pittsburgh coal for the reason that a very large number of the logs obtained from wells in this region record only the depth to the top of the bed. In central and western Doddridge this coal bed appears to be almost entirely absent from the measures, as revealed by the logs of numerous oil and gas wells in this region. There the elevation of its horizon was determined largely by its interval below the base of the Washington coal bed and above the top of the Big Injun oil sand. The Pittsburgh coal-Big Injun sand interval varies from 1,300 feet in north- western Doddridge to 1,600 feet in southeastern Harrison. The same interval at intermediate points of the area can readily be obtained from the table' of summarized well records, given for each county on subsequent pages of this report. These tables show that the interval gradually thickens south- eastward. The Washington-Pittsburgh coal interval varies from 520 feet in northwestern Doddridge to 600 feet in the south- western portion of Harrison. The following table reveals the gradual increase of this interval to the southeastward. The figures in parentheses refer to the serial numbers of the oil and gas wells as published on the economic geology map accompanying this report: WEST VIRGINIA GEOLOGICAL SURVEY. 51 Washington Coal-Pittsburgh Coal Interval. Town or Post Office. (Doddridge County.) Alpha - Ashley (73), 1 mile southeast Ashley (70), 2 miles southeast Big Battle (31), % mile west Big Battle (111), 1 mile southwest Big Isaac (303), 1.7 mile northwest Big Isaac (311), 2 miles southwest Centerpoint (68) Coldwater (275), 1 mile northwest Coldwater (277), 1 mile east Coldwater (278), 1.5 mile south Duckworth (201), 2 miles southeast Eagle Mills (79), 1 X A mile east Eagle Mills (81) Flint (113), 0.9 mile southwest Harlin (118), x k mile southwest Heldreth (9), 1.5 mile sc'uth Canton (93) Knight (106) Long Run Station (123), % mile north Long Run Station (124), 0.2 mile north Long Run Station (119), 2 miles north Miletus (296), x / 2 mile south Nay (210), x / 2 mile northwest Oxford (210), 1 mile northeast Sedalia (16), 2 miles north Sedalia (25) Smith ton (159), *4 mile east St. Clara (248), 1.5 mile southwest St. Clara (243), 1 mile north Summers (217), 1 X A mile northwest Summers (218), 2 miles northeast West Union (163), 0.4 mile southeast West Union (150), 2 miles north West Union (167), 2 miles southwest (Harrison County.) Benson, 1 mile east of Bristol (459), x / 2 mile south Brown (374), 0.7 mile northwest *. ’..... Brown (379), 1.7 mile north Brown (381), 2 miles northeast Deweytown (475), 1 mile northwest Deweytown (476), 1.5 mile west Deweytown (515), 2 miles southwest Grangeville Joetown Marshville (443), 1 mile southeast Rinehart (348), 0.3 mile east Salem (421), east edge of • WoT Summit (448), 1.3 mi’e north Wyatt, 1 mile northeast | Feet. 520 523 508 545 519 573 612 530 566 563 585 535 500 495 529 540 530 507 510 533 520 520 577 525 525 530 558 540 565 595 550 550 540 520 500 605 566 595 560 540 540 540 550 545 545 595 520 550 595 560 52 STRUCTURE. The above table shows that the Washington-Pittsburgh coal interval is quite a variable quantity. In making up the structure map of the area under discussion, the writer as- sumed an average interval of 520 feet in the northwestern portion of Doddridge county, making the lay of the Pitts- burgh coal bed conform to that of the Washington which crops in the hills in this portion of the latter area. It will be noted that the structure contours of the Pittsburgh coal bed along the Tyler-Doddridge county line do not quite check up with the same as outlined on the structure map, prepared by the writer for the counties of Marshall, Wetzel and Tyler, and published by the State Survey in 1909, the latter being apparently 30 to 50 feet higher in elevation than indicated by the former along this boundary line. It is quite probable that the faint streak of coal encountered in several wells in the eastern part of Tyler county in the vicinity of Shiloh and Little Pittsburgh, and identified by the drillers as The Pitts- burgh bed, may represent the Redstone seam. These slight discrepancies illustrate the problems thaPconfront the geolo- gist in making structure contour maps on a single stratum over any large area where intervals have to be relied upon at many times to locate its horizon. In a large portion of southeastern Harrison county the Pittsburgh coal bed passes into the air over the tops of the highest hills. There, its elevation was determined largely by the assumption of an interval of 330 feet from its top down to the base of the Harlem coal bed. On the economic geology map accompanying this report are printed contour lines in green that show not only the approximate tidal elevation of the top of the Pittsburgh coal, but the horizontal contours of the troughs, arches and domes, and the dip of the beds. Whether fcfre~Pittsburgh coal is above or below drainage at any point in the two counties can readily be determined from this map by noting the elevation of the land surface at the point desired as exhibited by the topographic contours, and the elevation of the coal as shown by the structure contours at the same place. For instance, suppose that the position of the coal was desired at the east WEST VIRGINIA GEOLOGICAL SURVEY. 53 edge of Salem, Harrison county. A glance at the map will show that the elevation of the creek there is about 1035 feet above tide, and the tidal elevation of the coal as shown by the green contour lines, about 300 feet. Hence, the Pittsburgh coal should lie about 735 feet below drainage at this point. •These structure contours are only approximately correct from the fact that it is assumed over small areas that the rocks maintain a uniform thickness, when it has often been established that two easily determined strata will vary in in- terval many feet in -a short distance. The last table well illus- trates this point. Again, while a large number of elevations were obtained by spirit level, by far the greater number was obtained with the aneroid barometer. The latter, however, was checked as frequently as possible on established spirit level elevations of the United States Geological Survey, marked at the forks of public highways and other conspicuous places. These checks keep down errors in elevation, so that it is believed that over most of the area their sum is less than one contour interval — that is, less than 25 feet. Detailed Geologic Structure. The Doddridge-Harrison area is situated on the eastern flank of the great Appalachian basin or geo-syncline which enters West Virginia near the southwest corner of the State of Pennsylvania. I. C. White 1 gives the following account of this great trough : ‘ The central or deepest portion of the Appalachian basin or geo-syncline enters West Virginia from Greene county, Pa., at the southwest corner of the latter State, and crossing Western Monon- galia and eastern Wetzel counties continues on through > the State in a general souihwest course across eastern Tyler, western Doddridge, central Ritchie, Wirt and Jackson, cutting eastern Mason and western Putnam, and central Cabell, to enter Kentucky from northern Wayne, ten miles above the mouth of the Big Sandy river. Where the axis of this great basin enters the State, and on to the southwest as far as Doddridge county at least, the Pittsburgh coal is buried to a depth of 1,300 to 1,500 feet under the highest summits, or say 100 to 150 feet above tide, but from Doddridge county on southwestward, the basin begins to rise, and at the Kentucky line the Pittsburgh coal overlooks the Big Sandy waters from an elevation of 800 feet above tide in the deepest portion of the trough.” 1. W. Va. Geological Survey, Vol. II, pp. 84-85; 1903. 54 STRUCTURE. Although the two counties lie on the eastern slope of this great geo-syncline, yet their area is traversed by a number of minor folds, the most important of which are as follows : Anticlines. Big Moses. Arches Fork. Wolf Summit. Chestnut Ridge. Beards Run. Ruraldale. Synclines. Burchfield. Robinson. Shinnston. Grassland. The shape and location of the above structural forms are all indicated on the map accompanying this report. A brief description will now be given of these arches and troughs from west to east. Big Moses Anticline. — The axis of this fold enters Dodd- ridge county from Tyler, one mile and a half northeast from the mouth of Arnolds creek, and bears southwest, passing into Tyler again and intersecting the Tyler-Ritchie county line on the head of Buck run of North Fork of Hughes river. From the latter point the axis veers more to the south and crosses the Baltimore & Ohio railroad one-third mile west from Toll- gate. It was so named by the writer 2 from a town of that name in Tyler county near which it passes in its southwest course across the latter area. Northward from Doddridge county the axis passes into Tyler, crossing Indian creek 1 mile northeast of Big Moses; the Tyler-Wetzel county line near Atwood P. O. ; and Fishing creek, one mile southeast of the town of Reader. From the latter point the fold dies down and finally disappears one mile south of Wileyville, Wetzel county. Southwestward from Doddridge the axis passes into Ritchie county, passing slightly west of the town of Pullman, veers to the west and slightly west of Washburn P. O. and then renews its southwest course, crossing the Ritchie- Calhoun line on the head of Left fork of Dutchman run, 3^4 miles southwest of Smithville. From the latter point the axis passes into Wirt county one mile southeast of Hartley P. O., 2. Marshall-Wetzel-Tyler Report, W. Va. Geol. Survey, pp. 69-70; 1909. WEST VIRGINIA GEOLOGICAL SURVEY. 55 and finally dies out on the eastern slope of the Burning Springs anticline, one mile southeast of Creston. The elevation of the Pittsburgh coal, along the axis of the fold in that portion included within the Doddridge- Harrison area, varies from 325 feet to about 370 feet above sea level. There appears to be a depression or saddle to the fold north of Orontes post office. Arches Fork Anticline. — The Arches Fork anticline is a very prominent structural feature in Doddridge county, and it was so designated by the writer 3 from a stream of that name in the southeastern portion of Wetzel county, on which occurs its northeastern terminus. The axis of the fold enters Doddridge from Wetzel county at the extreme head of Talk- ington fork of McElroy creek, and bears southwest, crossing Robinson fork 2 miles above Centerpoint and Flint run one mile west from Doak P. O. There it deflects slightly more to the west and crosses the Baltimore & Ohio railroad one- half mile west from Morgansville. It intersects South Fork of Hughes river near the mouth of Big run, 2^4 miles below Kelly P. O. ; then bears south about 10 degrees west, passing one-half mile west of the common corner to Doddridge, Ritchie and Gilmer counties. Northward from Doddridge the axis passes into Wetzel county, veers to the northwest roughly parallel with Arches fork, and dies down just before reaching Fishing creek into the Smithfield structural terrace, one mile west of the town of Smithfield. Southward from Doddridge the axis passes into Ritchie county, crossing the extreme eastern point of the latter area, 2 miles east of Auburn, and then veers to the southwest across Gilmer county, and intersects the Gilmer-Calhoun county line, 2^4 miles due north of the village of Whitepine. On entering Calhoun county the axis bears southwest and crosses the Little Kanawha river one mile northwest of Grantsville; West Fork river, one mile northwest of Altizer; Beech fork at Beech P. O. ; and the Calhoun-Roane county line, one mile 3. Marshall-Wetzel-Tyler Report, W. Va. Geol. Survey, page 454; 1909. 56 STRUCTURE. southwest of Beech P. O. Southwestward through Roane county the axis crosses Henry fork at Linden, passes through Nichols knob, and intersects the Roane-Jackson county line %y 2 miles westward from Cotton P. O. The course of the fold on southwest across the State through Kanawha and other counties has not yet been worked out in the field. Where the fold enters Doddridge omthe northeast, the top of the Pittsburgh coal bed has an elevation of about 360 feet above tide on the axis of the arch. Southwest from this point along the crest of the anticline the coal gradually rises into a marked dome, two miles east from Centerpoint, to an elevation of over 425 feet above tide. A depression on the crest of the fold apparently occurs on Little Battle run of Big Battle run, where the anticline suddenly broadens out on top to the southwestward making a terrace structure three to four miles wide. A marked nose to the fold is formed to the southwest from Big Battle P. O., since the Pittsburgh coal horizon rises rapidly along the axis in this direction to an elevation of over 700 feet above tide at three miles southeast from West Union. The Pittsburgh coal falls rapidly in eleva- tion along the axis southwestward from the point where the axis crosses South Fork of Hughes river, and at the Dodd- ridge-Ritchie county line it is only 600 feet above tide. Along the crest of this anticline occur the great natural gas fields of Doddridge county, as well as the present devel- oped great natural gas pools in Calhoun and Roane counties of this State. Wolf Summit Anticline. — The next structural arch to the east that crosses the Doddridge-Harrison area is the Wolf Summit anticline. It has been so designated from the town of that name in Harrison county, West Virginia, near which it passes in its northeast-southwest course across the latter area. The axis of the fold enters Harrison from Marion county, one mile northeast from, Wyatt and bears south about 30 de- grees west, crossing Little Tenmile creek three-fourths mile above the mouth of the latter stream. It continues the same course about one mile farther to the southwest, where it veers to almost due south, crossing the Baltimore & Ohio railroad WEST VIRGINIA GEOLOGICAL SURVEY. 57 at Wilsonburg. From the latter point the axis bears south 10-15 degrees west for three miles where it veers to almost due south again, passing one mile and a half west of the town of West Milford; three-tenths mile east of Goodhope ; and in- tersecting the Harrison-Lewis county line one mile eastward from the mouth of Kincheloe creek. Northeastward from Harrison county the axis passes into Marion, and crosses Tevebaugh creek, one mile and a half northwest from Festus; Buffalo creek about midway between Downs and Farmington (Underwood) ; and Pawpaw creek, two miles southeast of Fairview. Northeast from the latter stream the fold dies down rapidly and apparently disappears in the southern edge of Monongalia northwest of McCurdy- ville (Center P. O.). The Statler Run oil field apparently passes around the nose of the fold as it dies out in this region. While the field notes collected for the Monongalia-Marion- Taylor area have not yet been mapped, the fold, if represented in northern Monongalia, must be very slight. Southward from Harrison county the axis passes into Lewis and soon dies out on the northwest flank of the Chest- nut ridge anticline, as the axis of the latter fold swerves to the westward on leaving the area under discussion. A glance at the structure map accompanying this report will show that the structural slope of the western flank of this arch is very steep, the top of the Pittsburgh coal rising fiom about 100 feet above tide near the northwestern corner of Harrison county to over 1175 feet above tide, two miles due west from Lumberport, in an air line distance of slightly less than 9 miles. The structural slope along the eastern flank is much more gentle. From where the fold enters Harrison from Marion county the Pittsburgh coal bed rises rapidly southwest along the axis from 925 feet above tide to slightly over 1175 feet above in a marked dome, 2 miles west from Lumberport. South from Tenmile creek this coal bed rises quite rapidly again along the axis into another prominent dome to an elevation of 1280 feet on Coburn creek, 3 miles south 10-15 degrees west from Wilsonburg. From, this high point, the Pittsburgh coal dips southward along the axis to 58 STRUCTURE. an elevation of about 1240 feet above tide, 2 miles northwest from West Milford, where it rises rapidly again southward, forming a nose of the fold, and reaches over 1400 feet above tide at the Harrison-Lewis county line. A great natural gas field is found along the crest of this arch throughout its entire length across Harrison county. Chestnut Ridge Anticline. — The next structural arch to the east in the area under discussion is the great Chestnut Ridge anticline that has been so designated by I. C. White from a mountain ridge of that name along the eastern edge of Monongalia county. It is the same arch that was desig- nated the Dulany anticline by M. R. Campbell in the Mason- town-Uniontown Folio No. 82 of the U. S. Geological Survey, page 5. The fold enters Harrison county from Taylor about three miles northeast from Bridgeport, and bears south 40-50 degrees west, crossing Simpson creek near the mouth of Peddler run, and Brushy fork of Elk, one mile and a half east from Quiet Dell. From there the axis continues its south- west course and crosses Elk creek three-fourths mile north- west from the mouth of Fall run, passing one-half mile to the east of the town of Rock'ford and intersecting the Harrison- Lewis county line one mile and a half westward from the common corner to Harrison, Lewis and Upshur counties. It is probably the longest continuous anticlinal fold within the boundaries of the State, and in the writer’s judgment, the Warfield anticlinal, located southwest from the Great Kana- wha river, will later be found to be merely an extension of the Chestnut Ridge arch. Northeastward from Harrison county the axis passes into Taylor county, crosses the Tygart Valley river, three-fourths mile below Valley Falls station on the Baltimore & Ohio Railroad, veers more to the east and intersects the Marion- Monongalia county line south from Halleck. In Monongalia the axis passes east of Halleck and follows closely the Monongalia-Preston county line and intersects the W. Va.- Penna. State Line slightly over a mile due east of the north- west corner of Preston county. Southwestward from Harrison the axis passes into Lewis WEST VIRGINIA GEOLOGICAL SURVEY. 59 county, veers rapidly to the westward through Gilmer and enters Calhoun county, three-fourths mile eastward from the eastern point of Lee district. In Calhoun the axis passes near Walnut and Stinson and enters Roane 3 miles northeast of Uler. It continues its same southwest course across the latter county and intersects the Roane-Kanawha county line one- half mile westward from the common corner to Roane, (day and Kanawha counties. From the latter point the fold has not yet been traced southwest across the State, but as men- tioned above, it will probably connect up with the Warfield anticline. Where the anticline enters Harrison from Taylor, the top of the Pittsburgh coal bed has an elevation of about 1170 feet above tide, but from there the coal dips rapidly south- west along a nose of the fold to an elevation of about 1400 feet A. T. at Simpson creek. From the latter point south- west along the axis the coal remains almost horizontal to Brushy fork of Elk creek, where it rises rapidly to an eleva- tion of over 1525 feet A. T. in a high structural dome, located 2 miles due east from Lost Creek village. The great natural gas field of the Lost Creek region of Harrison county is lo- cated near its crest. Beards Run Anticline. — The Beards Run anticline is the last structural arch to the east in Harrison county, and has been so designated by the writer from the stream, of that name along which the axis of the fold passes in western Harrison. This anticlinal is merely a spur projected off from the great Chestnut Ridge arch to the southeast from near the point where the Harrison-Taylor county line crosses Simpson creek. The fold is probably not over 6 to 8 miles in length. It has a northwest-southeast course, and intersects the Harrison-Barbour county line 2 miles southwestward from the common corner to Harrison, Barbour and Taylor countjes. While the extent of the Beards Run anticline to the southeast in Barbour county was not definitely determined, yet sufficient data have been obtained to warrant the belief that the fold dies down in this direction on Elk creek about one mile east from the village of Overfield. 6o STRUCTURE. Along the axis of this arch, the top of the Pittsburgh coal bed reaches an elevation of about 1360 feet above tide at the Harrison-Barbour county line. Ruraldale Anticline. — An examination of the structure map accompanying this report will show the occurrence of the nose of another anticline in the extreme southeast corner of Harrison county. Its northern terminus is located about two miles eastward from Johnstown, same county, from which place the axis of the fold bears southward in the direction of Ruraldale P. O. 'on the head of Hackers creek, Upshur county. Hence, for lack of a better name in this portion of the fold, the writer has designated it the “Ruraldale” anticline. Where the axis of the arch crosses the Harrison-Upshur county line, the top of the Pittsburgh coal bed has been elevated to about 1370 feet above tide. Its form, shape and accu- rate location southward from the latter point in Upshur has not yet been ascertained by the Survey. There are only four specially prominent synclines in the Doddridge-Harrison area, as listed above. A brief description will now be given of the same, from west to east in order. Burchfield Syncline. — This structural basin lies imme- diately east from the Big Moses anticline in western Dodd- ridge county, and was so designated by the writer 4 from a town of that name in eastern Wetzel county, West Virginia, near which it passes in its north and south course in the State. The axis of the fold enters Doddridge from Tyler county slightly over a mile due south of Stringtown (Alvy P. O.), and bears south about 30 degrees west, crossing McElroy creek one mile above Eagle Mills P. O., and Little Flint run, one-half mile north of Canton P. O. The axis continues the same course to its intersection with Middle Island creek, one- half mile below the mouth of Piggin run and slightly over a mile northwest from the town of West Union. From Middle Island creek the axis veers more to the westward, passing through Central Station. From the latter point it veers to nearly its former course, intersecting with Cabin run of North 4. Marshall-Wetzel-Tyler Report, pp. 64-65, W. Va. Geol. Survey; 1909. WEST VIRGINIA GEOLOGICAL SURVEY. 61 Fork of Hughes river, one-fourth mile eastward from Joy P. O., and crosses the Doddridge-Ritchie county line one mile and a half northwest from the town of Oxford. Northward from Doddridge, the axis passes into Tyler and crosses Indian creek of Middle Island near Stringtown (Alvy P. O.) ; and the Tyler-Wetzel county line 3 miles north- east of the latter village. It continues its northeast course through Wetzel and crosses Fishing creek 2J4 miles north- west of Smithfield ; Willey fork at Burchfield ; Fish creek, 2 miles northwest of Hundred; and the W. Va.-Penna. State line, 2^4 miles due east of the southwest corner of Pennsyl- vania. The fold has never been named in Pennsylvania. Southwestward from Doddridge, the axis passes into Ritchie county, passes 1.5 miles north of Berea, and one mile southeast of Smithville, and crosses the Ritchie-Calhoun coun- ty line, 2 y 2 miles north 20-25 degrees east of Freed P. O. It continues this southwest course in Calhoun, crosses the Little Kanawha river 2 miles above the mouth of Leading creek, and finally dies out on the north slope of the Burning Springs anticline where the axis of the latter fold veers to the east- ward in Calhoun county. Where the axis of the trough enters Doddridge from Tyler county, the elevation of the top of the Pittsburgh coal horizon is slightly less than 200' A. T. From this place the coal gradually rises to an elevation of 325 feet above tide southwest along the axis to the latter’s intersection with Nutter fork of Middle Island creek, where it changes to an almost horizontal position to near the West Union-Central district line, 1J4 miles northeast from Central Station. From this line the coal dips rapidly southwest along the axis into a deep canoe-shaped structural basin and at the Doddridge- Ritchie county line is slightly less than 250 feet above tide. From the latter point it again rises rapidly southwest along the axis of the trough. Robinson Syncline. — The Robinson syncline is the deep structural basin that lies between the Arches Fork and Wolf 62 STRUCTURE. Summit anticlines and was so designated by the writer 5 from a town of that name in the southeastern corner of Wetzel county, West Virginia, near which it passes on its northeast-southwest course across the latter area. When the writer first described this basin in the Marshall-Wetzel-Tyler report, mention was there made of the probability of this basin’s being an extension of the Waynesburg syncline of Greene county, Pennsyl- vania, but during the season of 1911 the field work for the western portion of Marion and Monongalia county was com- pleted, and it is found that the Robinson syncline extends north 10-20 degrees east from its type locality via Seven Pines, and passes slightly east from Glover Gap tunnel. From the latter region it follows closely along the Wetzel-Monongalia county line, and crosses the West Virginia-Pennsylvania State line near the northwest corner of Monongalia county. On the other hand, Stone & Clapp 6 show the axis of the Waynesburg syncline intersecting the same State line about six miles farther eastward, near the mouth of Pumpkin run of Dunkard creek; hence, the Robinson and Waynesburg synclines represent separate and distinct basins. The latter parties failed to name the former trough at its northern ter- minus in western Springhill township, so that the name “Robinson” holds by right of priority. The axis of the latter fold enters the northwestern corner of Harrison from Wetzel county, bears slightly west of south, and crosses the W. Va. Short Line Branch of the Baltimore & Ohio Railroad at Rinehart station. From there it continues almost due south to a point about one mile northwest from Fonda P. O. where it veers to a south 30-35 degrees west course, passing about two miles eastward from Sedalia and three-fourths mile east from Cascara, and intersecting with the main line of the Baltimore & Ohio railroad, two miles west from Salem. There the axis of the trough swings slightly more to the west and crosses Buffalo Calf fork, one mile and 5. Marshall-Wetzel-Tyler Report, page 69, W. Va. Geol. Survey; 1909. 6. Bui. 304, Structure Map of Greene Co., Penna., 13 S. Geol. Survey. WEST VIRGINIA GEOLOGICAL SURVEY. 63 three-fourths southeast from Long Run station ; Buckeye fork, one-third mile northwest from Nina P. O. ; and Meathouse fork, two miles southeast from the town of New Milton, near the mouth of Brushy fork. It still continues nearly the same southwest course, and crosses Cove creek one-third mile north of Leopold P. O., and the Doddridge-Gilmer county line 2^4 miles eastward from the common corner to Doddridge, Ritchie and Gilmer counties. • Southwestward from Doddridge the axis passes through Gilmer county and intersects the Gilmer-Calhoun county line one mile northeast of the village of Whitepine. In Calhoun it bears south about 30 degrees west ; passes through Syca- more P. O., and near Arnoldsburg; and crosses the Calhoun- Roane county line 2 miles eastward from Linden. In Roane the axis bears southwest, passing near Tariff, Bright, Left- hand and Clio post offices, and crosses the Roane-Kanawha county line 1^4 mile westward from Cotton P. O. Its course on southwest across the State has not yet been accurately traced. Where the axis of the basin enters Harrison from Wetzel county, the Pittsburgh coal bed has an elevation of only 120 feet above tide, but it rises southwest along the axis to an elevation of 200' A. T., a short distance south from Rinehart. From there the bottom of the trough flattens out to a width of 2 to 3 miles to the region west of Salem, on which the Pittsburgh coal bed is nearly horizontal, approximating an ele- vation of 200' A. T. From the region west of Salem, how- ever, the Pittsburgh coal rises rapidly southwestward along the axis of the basin to slightly over 250' A. T., and then re- mains almost horizontal to a point one mile and a fourth southeast from Market P. O. There it dips slightly to the southwest for two to three miles, and again rises rapidly and at the Doddridge-Gilmer county line, the coal has an elevation of about 415' A. T. Shinnston Syncline. — This structural basin lies between the Wolf Summit and Chestnut Ridge anticlines, and has been so designated by the writer from the town of Shinnston, Harrison county, through which it passes. In eastern Monon- 64 STRUCTURE. galia county, the structural basin immediately west of the Chestnut Ridge anticline has been described by geologists as the Uniontown (Connellsville) syncline, but there the Indiana (Fayette) anticline, immediately to the west, suddenly terminates the latter syncline in its southwest course by its intersection with the Chestnut Ridge arch near Clinton Fur- nace, Monongalia county. Likewise the Lambert syncline, next on the west from the Indiana (Fayette) anticline, soon dies out after crossing the Monongalia river from Fayette into Greene county, Pennsylvania. Hence, it follows that the Shinnston syncline has no equivalent to the northeast- ward, and that the latter name should hold by the right of priority. The axis of this basin enters Harrison county from Marion one mile westward from the mouth of Bingamon creek, bears almost due south through the town of Shinnston, and crosses Simpson creek three-fourths mile eastward from Meadowbrook. From there it veers slightly to the west, crosses Elk creek at the east edge of Clarksburg, and then swings to the southwest to near Lynch Mines at the mouth of Browns run of West Fork river. There it changes to a southward course, passes one-fourth mile west of Mt. Clare, arid crosses Lost creek two miles northwest from the town of Lost Creek, and the Harrison-Lewis county line about two miles westward from McWhorter. Northward from Harrison the axis passes into Marion county and crosses Buffalo creek 2 miles eastward from Farmington; Pawpaw creek, near Stafford; the Marion- Monongalia county line, west of Arnettsville ; and finally dies out one mile northwest of Georgetown on the west slope of the Indiana (Fayette) anticline. Southward from Harrison county the Shinnston syn- cline passes into Lewis, but dies out shortly on the steep northwest slope of the Chestnut Ridge anticline. When the axis of the basin enters Harrison from Marion county, the top of the Pittsburgh coal bed has an elevation of about 850' A. T., but the coal rises rapidly southward along the axis of the syncline to an elevation of 910 feet at ■Lower Pittsburgh Sandstone cropping along road leading down Bingamcn creek, one mile eastward from Peora. WEST VIRGINIA GEOLOGICAL SURVEY. 65 Shinnston ; 950 feet at Meadowbrook ; 1080 feet at Clarks- burg; 1105 feet at Lynch Mines; 1140 feet near Mt. Clare; and 1360 feet above tide at the Harrison-Lewis county line. The rapid rise of the axis to the southward in Harrison is due to the gradual convergence in this direction of the axes of the Wolf Summit and Chestnut Ridge anticlines. Grassland Syncline. — In the Doddridge-Harrison area, the next structural fold immediately on the east of the Chest- nut Ridge anticline, and west of the Beards Run and Rural- dale anticline, is the Grassland syncline. The latter has been so designated by the writer from a postoffice of that name through which the axis passes, located in the south- east corner of Simpson district, Harrison county. The north- eastern terminus of the trough is located 2^4 miles north of Tyrconnell Mines station in Taylor county. This portion of the basin lies between the main Chestnut Ridge anticline on the west and the Beards Run anticline on the east, the latter arch, aS mentioned on page 59, being merely a spur off the former anticline. The axis of the Grassland syncline enters Harrison from Taylor county one mile and a quarter northeast from Oral station, bears south 10-15 degrees west, following closely Douglas run of Beards run to its head, and crosses Brushy fork of Elk creek at Grassland P. O. From the latter point the axis continues the same course and crosses Elk creek one-half mile westward from the Harrison-Barbour county line and Gnatty creek, 2*4 miles northwest from the common corner to Harrison, Barbour and Upshur counties. There it veers more to the west, passes about one mile southeast from Johnstown, intersects the Harrison-Upshur county line one-half mile eastward from Rooting creek, and crosses Hackers creek three-fourths mile eastward from the Upshur-Lewis county line. In Pennsylvania and northern West Virginia the name Ligonier has been applied to the basin east of the Chestnut Ridge anticline. The Grassland syncline, however, is only a spur off the main Ligonier basin to the eastward. Where the axis of the syncline intersects the Taylor- Harrison county line, the Pittsburgh Cc 1 horizon has an 66 STRUCTURE. elevation of slightly over 1400' A. T., but from, this place the coal dips rapidly southwest along the axis of the trough, and at a point two miles southward from Grassland P. O., it has an elevation of only 1200' A. T. From this low por- tion of the basin, the Pittsburgh coal bed rises gently south- west along the axis of the syncline, and at the Harrison- Upshur county line, it has an elevation of about 1255' A. T. A glance at the structure contours of the top of the Pittsburgh coal bed as shown by the economic geology map accompanying this report, will show that the strata ol the Doddridge-Harrison area are very much warped and twisted, and that ideal conditions prevail for the segregation of petrol- eum and natural gas into pools of commercial value. It will also show that this feature is directly responsible for a large reduction of the original area of the Pittsburgh coal bed along the crests of the Wolf Summit and Chestnut Ridge anticlines. CHAPTER IV STRATIGRAPHY— GENERAL SECTIONS. Introduction. The stratified or sedimentary rocks of the earth’s surface have been classified by geologists into divisions based mostly on the animal and vegetable life of the past ages as preserved in a fossil state in the rocks themselves. The principal divis- ions of the rock column, so constructed on these characters, are as follows : Cenozoic^Recent life forms. Mesozoic — Less recent forms. Paleozoic — Oldest forms of life. Archean — Generally crystalline rocks without fossils and direct evidence of life, largely destroyed. The surface rocks in West Virginia are mostly included in the Paleozoic division, and by far the greater portion of the area of the State consists of rocks belonging to one sub- division of this era; viz., the Carboniferous. The subdivisions or ages of the Paleozoic are : I l Permian. (Upper ) Carboniferous ) ( Coal Measures ’ or Pennsylvanian. | Lower Subcarboniferous, or Mississippian. Devonian. Silurian. Ordovician. Cambrian. 68 STRATIGRAPHY GENERAL SECTIONS. In the Doddridge-Harrison area, the cropping stratified rocks belong wholly in the Upper Carboniferous, and the exposed beds are all above the base of the Conemaugh series. The following table exhibits the several subdivisions of the stratified rocks in northern West Virginia: UPPER CARBONIFEROUS. Dunkard, or Permo-Carboniferous Series (1100 to 1200 feet). Monongahela Series (260 to 400 feet). Conemaugh Series (500 to 600 feet). Allegheny Series (225-350 feet). (Not cropping in Doddridge-Harrison Area.) Upper Freeport Coal. Upper Freeport Limestone. Bolivar Fire-clay. Upper Freeport Sandstone. Lower Freeport Coal. Lower Freeport Limestone. Lower Freeport Sandstone. Upper Kittanning Coal. Middle Kittanning Coal. Lower Kittanning Coal. Lower Kittanning Clay. Lower Kittanning Sandstone. Vanport (Ferriferous) Limestone. Clarion Sandstone. Clarion Coal. Clarion Clay. Pottsville Series (Northern Section, 250-300 feet). (Not cropping in Doddridge-Harrison Area.) Homewood Sandstone. Mt. Savage Fire-clay. Mt. Savage Coal. Upper Mercer Coal. Lower Mercer Coal. Upper Connoquenessing Sandstone. Quakertown Coal. Lower Connoquenessing Sandstone. Sharon Coal. Sharon Conglomerate. WEST VIRGINIA GEOLOGICAL SURVEY. 69 LOWER CARBONIFEROUS. (Not cropping in Doddridge-Harrison Area.) MaKich Chunk Shales (40 to 250 feet). Greenbrier Limestone (15 to 100 feet). Pocono Sandstone (400 to 600 feet). DEVONIAN. Catskill Sandstones (Venango Oil Group, 300 to 500 feet). Chemung and Hamilton Shales, penetrated in Wheeling deep well to a depth of nearly 2,000 feet below the Venango Oil Sand Group without reaching the Carboniferous Limestone. The order and character of the several formations com- posing the rock column in the Doddridge-Harrison area, will now be illustrated by sections made both from exposure at crop, and from the logs of the numerous borings for petrol- eum and natural gas throughout the two counties. DODDRIDGE COUNTY SECTIONS. McClellan District. — The following section was meas- ured by the writer in the extreme northern portion of Grant district with aneroid from the summit of a high knob near the common corner to Doddridge,. Wetzel and Harrison counties, along a hill road leading west on Talkington fork, and tied to the Smith & Robinson No. 1 well (1). The forma- tions as recorded are thinner than they should be for the reason that the measurements were made in descending order along the rise of the strata for a distance of one mile, thus shortening the true vertical interval by about 50 feet: Heldreth P. O. Section, McClellan District. Upper Carboniferous ( 1268 ') Thickness. Total. Dunkard Series (873') Feet. Feet. Concealed from top of knob 100 100 Concealed with sandstone to corner of 3 counties 65 165 Shale 5 170 Sandstone, massive, green 15 185 Shale, sandy 9 194 Fire clay 1 195 Shale and concealed 15 210 Shale, red 4 214 Fire clay (3") 1 215 Shale 5 220 STRATIGRAPHY GENERAL SECTIONS. 70 Thickness. Total. Feet. Feet. Sandstone, shaly 5 225 Concealed 10 255 Shale, red and variegated 20 255 Sandstone, shaly 5 260 Concealed and shale 15 275 Sandstone, massive, coarse, brown 35 310 Shale, sandy and red 10 320 Sandstone, massive 5 325 Concealed 29 354 Fire clay 1 355 Concealed 25 380 Shale, yellow and sandy 10 390 Concealed 10 400 Shale 5 405 Sandstone, massive 10 415 Unrecorded to the top of well (1) 220 635 Smith & Robinson No. 1 Well Record (1). Unrecorded from top of hole 238 873 Monongahela Series (395') Unrecorded 382 1255 Coal, Pittsburgh 13 T268 873' 395' The following section was obtained by combining the log of the J. Hudson 1 diamond drill boring (21) located at the mouth of East run, 1.2 miles northwest from Sedalia, with a section measured with aneroid by Mr. D. B. Reger, Field assistant, southwest from the summit of a high knob one mile southeast from Centerpoint, down the hill towards Robinson fork : Section Northwest of Sedalia, McClellan District. Upper Carboniferous { 856 . 33 ') Thickness. Total. Dunkard Series (466') Shale, brown, capping knob and concealed.. Sandstone, green and flaggy Concealed and red shale Sandstone, brown, flaggy, micaceous, Upper Marietta Concealed and red shale Concealed, mostly sandstone Shale, red, Creston Sandstone, brown, friable, Lower Marietta. . . Shale, brown and concealed Coal blossom, Washington (2") Concealed Sandstone, yellowish, brown, medium grained and hard, Mannington Concealed Feet. Feet. 20 20 25 45 105 150 50 200 15 215 35 250 40 290 15 305 25 330 0 330 40 370 30 400 5 405 200 ' 130 ' 1. Vol. II, page 138, W. Va. Geol. Survey; 1903. WEST VIRGINIA GEOLOGICAL SURVEY. 71 Hudson Boring Log. Ft. In. Surface 27 0 ] Blue sand shale 5 0 j Red shale 12. . . 0 j Sandstone 2 0 [ Blue shale 2 0 [ Blue shale 2 0 | Sandstone 5 0 | B ue sand shale 6 OJ Monongahela Series (390.33') Black and gray shale, Waynesburg 61 466 136' coal horizon Blue shale 4 oi .. 2 468 Sand shale 12 0 1 Sandstone, Gilboy Sandstone, Uniontown 14 69 o y... 0 1 .. 116.7 584.7 Blue shale 17 8 J r . f coal . , ’ * -I shale partings Uniontown. . & [ coal 0 1 1 8 1 3 f ... 3J 3.2 587.9 118.7' Blue Shale 15 Lime and shale mixed 7 Lime and shale 31 Red shale 6 Lime and shale 4 Soft blue shale 4 Blue shale 8 Limestone, (Benwood) 52 Blue shale 29 Blue shale 28 Coal, Sewickley Soft white shale 0 Blue shale 6 Red shale 4 Blue shale 4 2] 0 I 0| 0 I 0 l 0 f 0| 0 I 0 I OJ Green shale 10 Blue shale 5 Red shale 2 Soft white shale 3 Sandy shale 10 Sand shale 2 Sandstone, (Upper Pitts- burgh) 26 Black shale 2 Shale 2 Coal, Pittsburgh 01 01 0 1 0 1 0 I 0 I 0 l 0 r 0 1 0 1 1 0 1 0 1 6J . 184.1 0.5 772 772.5 187.8' 77 849.5 6.83 856.33 83.83 In Vol. II, page 138, of the State reports, Dr. White doubtfully refers the formation at 466 feet from the top of the section as representing the Waynesburg “A” coal horizon, but the addition of the part above the top of the boring, shows that this stratum represents the Waynesburg bed; hence, the formations 16 feet below the Waynesburg coal probably represent both the Gilboy and Uniontown sand- stones combined, and the thickness of the Monongahela series, 72 STRATIGRAPHY GENERAL SECTIONS. instead of being 457 feet, 4 inches, is only 390 feet, 4 inches. The boring is very important, in that it gives the thickness of the great Pittsburgh coal bed within two miles of the western boundary line where the latter coal of commercial thickness and purity disappears. The following record of a well drilled for oil and gas by the South Penn Oil Company, located near the mouth of Franks run of McElroy creek, and published in Vol. I, pp. 328-329 of the State Survey reports, gives the detailed rock succession down to almost 100 feet in the Pocono sandstone series. The well starts 50 feet, hand level measurement, below the base of the Washington coal bed: Section One Mile N. W. of Centerpoint, McClellan District. (Sullivan Heirs No. 1 Well Record (71). Upper Carboniferous ( 1601 ') Dunkard Series (80') Top rock Red rock SSlatA Thickness. Feet. 20 50 10 Total. Feet. 20 70 80 80' Monongahela Series (414') Slate 17 97 Sandstone, (Gilboy) 26 • 123 Red rock and slate 12 135 Slate 15 150 Sandstone (Uniontown) 5 155 Red rock 17 172 Slate 15 187 Coal, (Un iontown) 8 195 115’ Sandstone 18 213 Slate 7 220 Limestone 98 318 Slate and shells 419 Coal, (Sewickley) 6 425 230' Slate 12 437 Limestone, (Sewickley) 24 461 Slntft 33 494 69' Conemaugh and Allegheny Series (804 ) Sandstone (Lower Pittsburgh) 31 525 Limestone (Upper Pittsburgh) 6 531 Sandstone 28 559 Slate 47 606 Sandstone, (Connellsville) 30 636 142' Red rock 8 644 Limestone 50 694 Red rock 20 714 Limestone 69 783 147' Red rock (Pittsburgh) 27 810 Limestone 41 851 Slate 867 WEST VIRGINIA GEOLOGICAL SURVEY. 73 Thickness. Total. Limestone Slate Limestone Slate Sandstone, Dunkard, Mahoning and Upper Freeport Limestone 54 Sand, gas, “Gas sand” (Lower Freeport) Slate, “break” 22 Sand, gas, “Gas sand” (Lower Freeport) Limestone 51 Pottsville Series (293') Salt sand (Homewood and Connoqueness- ing) Limestone 12 Sandstone 28 Slate and shells 59 Sandstone 26 Lower Carboniferous (jop') Mauch Chunk Series (164') Slate Limestone 40 Red rock Limestone Red rock Slate Limestone 31 Slate, “cave” (“Pencil”) 15 Greenbrier Limestone (58') Limestone, (Mountain) (Big Lime) 58 Pocono Sandstones (87') Sand, gray, “Keener” 13' | Slate 2 | Sand, white 20 [ Sand, dark gray 12 f Sand, white (oil pay at 1910') 40 J The well starts 425 feet below the top of a high knob northeast of the well, so that the total thickness of the ‘Big Injun’ Feet. Feet. 37 904 11 915 7 922 90 1012 101 1113 330' 54 1167 28 1195 22 1217 40 1257 51 1308 195' 168 1476 12 1488 28 1516 59 1575 26 1601 293' 9 1610 40 1650 36 1686 13 1699 11 1710 9 1719 31 1750 15 1765 164' 58 1823 58' 87 1910 87' Dunkard series of rocks, represented in this region, is about 500 feet. Since the Upper Freeport coal, coming at the top of the Allegheny series, is not represented in the well, it is not possible to determine definitely the base of the Cone- maugh, but it appears that the Mahoning and the Upper Freeport sandstones have combined into one great ledge, 101 feet thick. The Lower Freeport sandstone is separated into two divisions. This happens quite frequently both in northern West Virginia and Pennsylvania. The break gen- erally holds the Upper Kittanning coal bed. 74 STRATIGRAPHY GENERAL SECTIONS. The several thick ledges of limestone, recorded by the drillers, are probably mostly hard limy shale. The following section was measured with aneroid by Mr. Reger from the top of a high knob one mile and a half south from Big Battle P. O. in the southwestern edge of McClellan district, northward down the hill road: Section 1.5 Miles South of Big Battle P. O., McClellan District. Thickness. Total Dunkard Series (382') Feet. Feet. Concealed from top of knob 10 10 Shale, red 50 60 Shale, brown 30 90 Fire clay, streak, (Dunkard coal horizon?).. 0 90 Shale, red 20 110 Sandstone, fine, brown, flaggy (Jollytown) . . 33 143 Fire clay (Jollytown coal horizon?) 2 145 145' Shale, variegated 30 175 Shale, green 5 180 Shale, red limy 5 185 Sandstone, shaly, to road at low gap 5 190 Shale, variegated, ferriferous at top 10 200 Concealed 10 210 Fire clay streak, (Hundred coal horizon?).. 0 210 65' Sandstone, gray and flaggy 15 225 Concealed 5 230 Sandstone, hard, greenish gray, massive.... 15 245 Slate, gray 5 250 Concealed, mostly red shale 130 380 Coal, Washington, estimated 2 382 172' The several streaks of fire clay appear to represent the thin coals of the northern end of the State. The only coal bed of the Dunkard series to attain minable thickness in Doddridge county is the Washington seam. The section stops about 130 feet above the base of the latter series. GRANT DISTRICT. — Grant district lies immediately southwest from McClellan. Several general sections will now be given therein to show the rock succession. The following is the detailed log of a well drilled for oil and gas by the South Penn Oil Company in the northwest corner of Grant district, 1.5 miles northeast from Canton , P. O. The record, with some modifications in parentheses by the writer, is as published by I. C. White in Vol. I, pp. 332-334. The well starts 15 to 20 feet below the Washington coal bed : WEST VIRGINIA GEOLOGICAL SURVEY. 75 Section 1.5 Miles Northeast of Canton, Grant District. (J. D. McReynolds No. 1 Well Record (89).) Upper Carboniferous ( 1548 ') Thickness. Total. Dunkard Series (110') Feet. Feet. Conductor (surface gravel) IS 18 Limestone 40 58 Red slate 10 68 Limestone 25 93 Sandstone and limestone........ 17 110 110' Monongahela Series (360') Sandstone and limestone 58 168 Coal, Uniontown) 2 170 60' Limestone 10 180 Red slate 15 195 Limestone . ! 104 299 Slate, black 18 317 Limestone 10 327 Slate, red 16 343 Sandstone, (Sewickley) 41 384 214' Slate, red 10 394 Limestone 26 420 Coal, Pittsburgh? (Redstone) 4 424 Limestone and sandstone 46 470 86' Conemaugh Series (565') Limestone and sandstone r 71 541 Slate 50 591 Sandstone 10 601 Slate 33 634 Limestone 25 659 S’ate, red 5 664 Slate, blue 75 739 Sandstone and limestone 96 835 365' Slate, red (Pittsburgh) 30 865 Sandstone 25 890 Slate 45 935 Sand, Dunkard? (First Cow Run), (Buffalo). 20 955 Slate 10 965 Limestone and sandstone (Dunkard), (Ma- honing) 50 1015 Slate 20 1035 200' Allegheny Series (273') Limestone 108 1143 Slate 95 1238 Sandstone (Clarion) 50 1288 Slate 20 1308 273' Pottsville Series (240') Sandstone (Second Cow Run) (Homewood). 22 1330 Limestone 25 1355 Sand, (“Salt"?) (Upper Connoquenessing) . . 30 1385 Slate 30 1415 Sand (“Salt”?) (Lower Connoquenessing).. 63 1478 Slate, black 20 1498 Sandstone, (Sharon) 50 1548 240' Lower Carboniferous ( 752 ') Mauch Chunk (192') Slate, blue 30 1578 76 STRATIGRAPHY GENERAL SECTIONS. Thickness. Total. Feet. Feet. Slate, red 75 1653 Slate, black 25 1678 Limestone 22 1700 Sand (Maxton) 40 1740 Greenbrier Limestone (53') Big Lime, Mountain 53 1793 Pocono Sandstones (507') Sand, Big Injun ! 117 1910 Slate 40 1950 Sand, (Squaw) 10 1960 Slate 30 1990 Sandstone and limestone 110 2100 Slate - 100 2200 Limestone 60 2260 Sand, (Berea Grit) 40 2300 Devonian ( 220 ') Catskill Sandstones (220') Slate 150 2450 Limestone 50 2500 Slate 12 2512 Sand, ‘‘Thirty-foot"? (Gordon stray) to bot- tom 8 2520 Oil show at 2517'; gas at 2520'. 192 ' 53' 507' 220 ' In the above section, where two different names are given for the same sand in parentheses, the first is that generally used by the oil and gas drillers, and the second its geologic name. The coal at 420 feet, identified by the drillers as the Pittsburgh bed, must represent the Redstone vein, since the former in this region occurs 500 to 520 feet below the Washington coal, and the latter bed is only 20 feet above the top of the hole. Again, the coal at 168 feet undoubtedly represents the Uniontown seam, and in the vicinity of Long Run and northward in Doddridge, the Pittsburgh coal comes 300 feet below the Uniontown ; hence, the base of the Monon- gahela series should occur at about 470 feet in the well. The following section was obtained one mile northwest from Long Run station, Grant district, by combining a hand level section 2 measured by the writer at that place with the log of the J. D. Crabtree No. 1 well (126), furnished by the South Penn Oil Company and published in Vol. I, pages 325- 326, of the State Survey reports. In the section the part measured by hand-level extends down to about 20 feet below the top of the well : 2. Wirt-Roane-Calhoun Report p. 177 W. Va. Geol. Survey; 1911. WEST VIRGINIA GEOLOGICAL SURVEY. 77 Section One Mile Northwest of Long Run, Grant District. Carboniferous , Upper and Lower ( 2740 ') Thickness. Total Dunkard Series (286') Feet. Feet. Concealed from top of knob (estimated at) . 160 160 Coal, Washington (old mine, fallen shut)... 2 162 162' Fire clay and green lime shale 7 169 Concealed and sandstone, Mannington 40 209 Concealed (containing Waynesburg “A" coal horizon) 5 214 Concealed and sandstone 26.4 240.4 Concealed and reds 10 250.4 Sandstone, Waynesburg, nodular at top, concealed and reds 36 286.4 124.4' Monongahela Series (409') Fire clay and trace of dark shale Waynes- burg coal horizon) 0.8 287.2 Reds 10 297.2 Sandstone, coarse, brown at bottom, Gilboy.. 31.6 328.8 Fire clay and yellowish shale 10 338.8 Sandstone, massive, coarse, brown and peb- bly, Uniontown 36.8 375.6 Shale, gray 1.4 377.0 Coal, good V 3" ] Slate, gray, streaks of [ coal 0 8 f Uniontown.. 2.7 379.7 93.3' Coal, slaty 0 10 J Fire clay and concealed to Long run level. . 5.3 385 J. D. Crabtree No. 1 Well Log (126). Slate and limy shells (top of formation 20' below top of hole) 65 450 Slate 135 585 Sandstone, White (Sewickley) 20 605 225.3' Slate 30 635 Sandstone, white, (Upper Pittsburgh) 60 695 Coal, trace, Sewickley? (Pittsburgh) 695 90' Conemaugh Series (565') Slate 15 710 Sandstone, (Lower Pittsburgh) 20 730 Slate 68 798 Coal, Little Clarksburg 3 801 106' Slate and shells 184 985 Sandstone, black, (Grafton) 10 995 194' Slate 115 1110 Red rock 97 1207 Sand, "Hurry Up" (Big Dunkard) (Mahon- ing) 46 1253 Slate 7 1260 265' Allegheny Series (284') Slate 85 1345 Sand, Dunkard? Mahoning? (Gas sand) (Lower Freeport) 45 1390 S’ate 63 1453 Coal, Upper Freeport? (Lower Kittanning) 5 1458 198' Slate 31 1489 Sand, gas (Clarion) 45 1534 Slate 10 1544 86' 78 STRATIGRAPHY GENERAL SECTIONS. Thickness. Total. Feet. Feet. Pottsville, and Mauch Chunk (461') Sand (Second Cow Run) (Homewood).... 59 1603 Slate 19 1622 Sand, “Salt”, (Conoquenessing) 143 1765 Slate, shells and limestone 230 1995 Slate, “Pencil” 10 2005 461' Greenbrier Limestone (77'). Big Lime, Mountain 77 2082 77' Pocono Sandstone (658'?) Sand, Big Injun 79 2161 Slate and sand, light and shells 148 2309 Sand, dark, Squaw 122 2431 Slate 298 2729 Sand, Berea? 11 2740 658' Devonian ( 326 ') Catskill Sandstone (326') Slate 67 2807 Sandstone 4 2811 Slate 2 2813 Sandstone 3 2816 Slate, light 72 2888 Slate, pink 5 2893 Sand, gray, Thirty-foot? (Gordon Stray)... 2 2895 Slate, black, to bottom 171 3066 326' In that portion of the section taken from the Crabtree well log, several corrections in the correlation of the record as originally published are added in parentheses. Only a trace of the Pittsburgh coal is noted in the well at 695 feet from the top of the section, while the coal, 106 feet lower, correlates with the Little Clarksburg bed of the Conemaugh series, and not the Pittsburgh. The following section was measured by Mr. Reger with aneroid in the extreme eastern end of Grant district, on ‘the head of Flint run : Section One Mile Northwest of Numan P. O., Grant District. Thickness. Total. Dunkard Series (450') Feet. Feet. Concealed from top of high knob to road. low gap 230 230 Concealed 5 235 Sandstone, gray and flaggy 15 250 Shale, red 5 255 Sandstone 10 265 Shale, red 15 280 Sandstone, shaly 5 285 Red shale and concealed 15 300 Sandstone, shaly 310 Fire clay, streak 310 Shale, brown 5 315 WEST VIRGINIA GEOLOGICAL SURVEY. 79 Thickness. Total. Feet. Feet. Concealed and red shale 30 345 Sandstone, shaly, Upper Marietta 15 360 Shale, red 7 367 Sandstone 3 370 Shale, red 10 380 Sandstone 5 385 Shale, brown 10 395 Sandstone, shaly, Lower Marietta 10 405 Shale, brown 10 415 Concealed 35 450 140' Coal, Washington, edge of road (base is 925'B above tide). The section was measured northwest along the rise of the strata for a distance of three-fourths mile. There the rocks are pitching to the southeast at the rate of 100 feet to the mile; hence the intervals are much shorter than they should be, and the total section should probably measure nearly 525 feet. WEST UNION DISTRICT.— The district of West Union lies southwest from Grant, and borders the Tyler- Doddridge county line in the region of Camp P. O. The writer measured the followed section with aneroid near West Union, the upper portion of which was secured one mile northwest of the town : West Union Section, West Union District. Upper Carboniferous ( 808 ./) Thickness. Total. Dunkard Series (405') Feet. Feet. Sandstone, massive, green, micaceous, at low gap over R. R. tunnel 20 20 Concealed and red shale 45 65 Sandstone, reds, and sandstone, Hundred. 35 100 Reds, dark 28 128 Sandstone, massive, green, micaceous, me- dium grained, Upper Marietta 45 173 Shale, sandy 2 175 Fire clay, gray (Washington “A” coal hori- zon) 2 177 Reds, dark, Creston 83 260 Sandstone and shale 15 275 Coal blossom, Washington 275 Fire clay shale, Washington 15 290 Sandstone, massive, Mannington 35 325 Sandstone and reds 25 350 Concealed 55 405 Monongahela Series (403.7') Concealed 72 477 Sandstone, massive, Uniontown 20 497 Shale, sandy 8 505 100 ' 175' 130 ' 8o STRATIGRAPHY GENERAL SECTIONS. Thickness. Feet. Feet. Feet. Coal O'— 3 "] Coal, good 2— 8V 2 [ (3'— 9y 2 ") Slate, soft, dark..O — 4 [ Uniontown Coal, good 0 — 6 J t- CO 508.7 103.7' Concealed to Middle Island creek at east edge of West Union 5 513.7 Interval 293 806.7 Coal, Pittsburgh (No. 163 well) 2 808.7 300' CENTRAL DISTRICT.— The following section was obtained in the extreme western part of Doddridge county by combining a section measured with aneroid by the writer northward down the hill road to Greenwood, with the log of the Flannagan Heirs 3 well (198), located 1.3 miles south- east from Tollgate, close to the Doddridge-Ritchie county line: Section Near Greenwood, Central District. Upper Carboniferous ( i960 ') Thickness. Total. Dunkard Series (480') Feet. Sandstone, green, micaceous, capping knob, Fish Creek 20 Concealed, mostly reds 70 Reds 25 Sandstone, flaggy, green, micaceous, Hun- dred 30 145 145' Concealed 25 Reds 10 Sandstone, green, micaceous, shaly, Upper Marietta 30 Concealed and shale 10 Dark shale, trace (Washington “A” coal horizon) 0 220 75' Fire clay shale, “Washington A” 10 Reds 35'] Sandstone, green broken, Middle [ (Creston Red shale) . Marietta 25 | Reds 10' J Sandstone, broken 10 310 Reds and concealed 10 320 Sandstone, Lower Marietta 20 340 Concealed 8 348 Coal, slaty, Washington 2 350 130' Fire clay shale, Washington 10 360 Sandstone, massive, Mannington 20 380 Concealed 10 390 (Flannagan Heirs Well Log (198) ) Unrecorded 90 480 130' Monongahela Series (390') Unrecorded 5 485 Sandstone, (Gilboy) 10 495 70 Feet. 20 90 115 145 170 180 210 220 220 230 300 3. Vol. 1(A), page 406, W. Va. Geol. Survey; 1904. WEST VIRGINIA GEOLOGICAL SURVEY. 81 Thickness. Total. Unrecorded Feet. 45 Feet. 540 Sandstone, (Uniontown) 25 565 85' Unrecorded 35 600 Sandstone, hard, ( Arnoldsburg) 20 620 Unrecorded 134 754 Lime 20 774 Unrecorded 26 800 Sandstone, blue 10 810 Unrecorded 50 860 Lime 10 870 305' Conemaugh Series (515') Unrecorded 80 950 Lime 20 970 Unrecorded 120 1090 Lime 20 1110 Unrecorded 35 1145 Coal, (Harlem) 3 1148 278' Unrecorded 27 1175 Red rock (Pittsburgh) 30 1205 Unrecorded 40 1245 Coal (Bakerstown) 2 1247 99' Unrecorded 23 1270 Sandstone, hard (1st Cow Run) (Buffalo) . . . 30 1300 Black shales (Brush Creek) 10 1310 Sandstone (Big Dunkard) (Mahoning) 65 1375 Lime 10 1385 138' Allegheny Series (245') Unrecorded 115 1500 Slate and shells 130 1630 245' Pottsville Series (330') Sandstone, sharp and nice (Second Run) (Homewood) Cow 60 1690 Coal, Tionesta 2 1692 Sandstone 10 1702 Slate and shells 128 1830 Sand, (Salt) 60 1890 Unrecorded 30 1920 Sand, (Sharon?) 40 1960 330' Lower Carboniferous ( 685 ') Maunch Chunk Series (98') Unrecorded 20 1980 Sand, Salt? (gas at 1620'; break, (Maxton) 1635') 78 2058 98' Greenbrier Limestone (72') Big Lime 72 2130 72' Pocono Sandstones (515') Big Injun sand, hard (gas) 84 2214 Unrecorded 206 2420 Sand, shelly 100 2520 Unrecorded 110 2630 Sand, (Berea Grit) 15 2645 515 Devonian ( 457 ') Catskill Sandstones (457') Unrecorded 65 2710 Sand and shells (gas) (Gantz) 10 2720 82 STRATIGRAPHY GENERAL SECTIONS. Thickness. Feet. Feet. Feet. Unrecorded 50 2770 Shells 2780 Unrecorded 10 2790 Sand, (Thirty-foot) . . . 12 2802 157' Unrecorded 2860 Shells 5 2865 Unrecorded 2876 Sand, (Gordon) 12 2888 86' Unrecorded to bottom of hole 214 3102 214' The above section is very important in that one or more formations are identified in every series, except the Allegheny, from the middle of the Dunkard of the Upper Carboniferous down to near the base of the Catskill of the Devonian. A marked westward thinning of the Conemaugh series is shown from that of the Long Run section, page 77. The Pittsburgh coal bed is absent from the measures in this region, but its horizon belongs there about 520 feet below the Washington coal and 300 feet below the Uniontown bed. No coals are recorded for the Allegheny series, but they would belong, if present, in the unrecorded interval at the top of the series. The formation at the top of the Pottsville series represents the Second Cow Run sand of Washington county, Ohio, or the Homewood sandstone. The Gordon sand group near the base of the section is represented by only one thin sand that apparently correlates with the true Gordon. SOUTHWEST DISTRICT.— The following section was measured with aneroid by the writer southeast down the hill road to Hughes river at the mouth of Lower run, three- fourth mile east from the Doddridge-Ritchie county line : Section One-half Mile East of Summers, Southwest District. Upper Carboniferous ( 290 ') Thickness. Total Dunkard Series (145') Feet. Feet. Concealed from top of hill 9.7 9.7 Coal, Washington (4") 0.3 10 10' Fire clay shale, Washington 10 20 Shale, buff 5 25 Sandstone, coarse, massive, Mannington . . . . 55 80 70' Concealed 30 110 Red shale 10 120 Sandstone, massive, Waynesburg 25 145 65' WEST VIRGINIA GEOLOGICAL SURVEY. 83 Monongahela Series (145') Concealed Fire clay shale Concealed and reds Sandstone Red shale with thin sandstones Concealed Sandstone, massive, Uniontown Concealed (contains Uniontown coal hori- zon) Fire clay shale Reds, dark... Reds and concealed to forks of road, mouth of Lower run Concealed to Hughes river 2 147 3 150 5 155 5 160 20 180 20 200 20 220 5 225 5 230 25 255 30 285 5 290 80' 65' In the above section, the intervals are slightly less than they should be for the reason that the section was measured southeast in descending order along the rise of the strata. The following section was measured by Mr. Reger near the central portion of Southwest district northward along the hill road to South Fork of Hughes river 1.5 miles below Kelly P. O. : Section 1.5 Miles West of Kelly P. O., Southwest District. Upper Carboniferous ( 355 ') Thickness. Total Dunkard Series (150') Feet. Feet. Sandstone, shaly, Lower Marietta 20 20 Coal blossom, Washington 0 20 20' Fire clay, shale, Washington 5 25 Shale, red 5 30 Concealed 85 65 Sandstone, flaggy, Mannington 15 80 60' Concealed 5 85 Sandstone, flaggy, Waynesburg 35 120 Concealed, sandstone and concealed 30 150 70' Monongahela Series (205') Concealed, sand -tone and concealed 15 165 Sandstone, Gilboy 10 175 Concealed 35 210 Sandstone 5 215 Concealed 20 235 Sandstone, Uniontown 25 260 110' Shale, brown 15 275 Sandstone 5 280 Concealed 20 300 Sandstone 10 310 Fire clay 1 311 Shale, brown 5 316 Shale, red 14 330 Sandstone, Arnoldsburg, to Hughes river.... 25 355 95' 8 4 STRATIGRAPHY GENERAL SECTIONS. The section was measured nearly along the strike of the rocks, hence the intervals recorded are approximately correct. COVE DISTRICT. — This district occupies the extreme southern portion of Doddridge county. The writer measured the following section with aneroid southward from the head of Bear fork along the hill road leading down the latter stream : Section 1.5 Miles South of Grove P. O., Cove District. Upper Carboniferous ( 360 ') Thickness. Total Dunkard Series (360') Feet. Feet. Sandstone, capping knob, and concealed.... 50 50 Reds and concealed 70 120 Sandstone, coarse, friable, brown (Hun- dred?) 20 140 140' Shale, buff and red 15 155 Sandstone, massive, Upper Marietta 40 195 55' Concealed (with spring water) 5 200 Reds, Creston 35 235 Sandstone, with shale layers, Lower Mari- etta 15 250 Shale, sandy 5 255 Concealed 24 279 Coal (12"), Washington 1 280 85' Fire Clay shale, Washington 10 290 Shale, buff 10 300 Concealed 5 305 Red shale 10 315 Sandstone, broken, Mannington 20 335 55' Concealed 10 345 Sandstone, massive, Waynesburg 15 360 25' The section does not reach down to the base of the Dunkard series by 35 to 50 feet. There is some doubt whether the formation 120 feet from the top represents the Hundred sandstone. The latter generally comes 175 to 200 feet above the Washington coal bed. There is no doubt as to the identity of the latter bed. The following section was obtained in the extreme south- eastern corner of Doddridge county by combining a section measured with hand level by the writer westward down the hill road to Big Buck run, one-half mile north of St. Clara P. O., with the log of the Christian Albers No. 1 well (248), published in Vol. 1(A) of the State Survey reports, page 298. The latter well is located 1.5 miles southwest of St. Clara P. O.: WEST VIRGINIA GEOLOGICAL SURVEY. 85 Section Near St. Clara P. O., Cove District. Upper and Lowert Carboniferous {2787') Thickness. Total Dunkard Series (475') Feet. Feet Concealed from top of high knob 1 mile N. E. of St. Clara to summit, hill road.. 160 160 Shale, red 3 163 Sandstone, massive, Upper Marietta 31.2 194.2 194.2' Concealed, mostly red shale 36.4 230.6 Sandstone 5.2 235.8 Shale, red, Creston 57.2 293 Sandstone, massive, Lower Marietta 31.2 324.2 Concealed 17.8 342 Coal, blossom, Washington 3 345 150.8' Fire clay shale, Washington. 20.8 365.8 Sandstone, massive, Mannington 36.4 402.2 Concealed 6 408.2 Shale, red, and sandstone 20 428.2 Concealed 25.8 454 Shale, red 5 459 Sandstone, Waynesburg 6 465 Shale, sandy 5 470 Concealed 5 475 130' Monongahela Series (435') Concealed 11 486 Sandstone 2 488 Concealed to road fork, y 2 mile N. E. of St. Clara 3 491 Interval (barometric measurement) to top of well (248) 95 586 111' Christian Albers No. 1 Well Log (248). Unrecorded 324 910 Coal, Pittsburgh (thickness not recorded) 910 324' Conemaugh, Allegheny, Pottsville, Mauch Chunk and Greenbrier Limestone (1414') Unrecorded 1414 2324 1414' Pocono Sandstone (463') Sand, Big Injun (oil show at 1890') 152 2476 Unrecorded 281 2757 Sand, Gantz? (Berea) (oil, 2176'; water 2178') 30 2787 463' Devonian (d') Catskill (6') Unrecorded to bottom of well 6 2793 6' In the above section, the formation at the top was not measured, but estimated from the topographic contour map of the U. S. G. Survey. The formations below the latter down to 491 feet from the top were measured by hand level, and the next determined by an aneroid measurement of the interval from the top of the Albers well (248) up to the crop of the Washington coal bed on a point immediately west from the well. 86 STRATIGRAPHY GENERAL SECTIONS. The oil well drillers in this region have erroneously identified the formation 2757 feet from the top as the Gantz sand. In the writer’s judgment, this horizon should correlate with the Berea Grit, coming as it does only 433 feet below the top of the Big Injun sand. It is undoubtedly the same forma- tion in which the deep sand oil occurs in the Yellow Creek and Rowles Run fields of Calhoun county on to the southwest. NEW MILTON DISTRICT.— The following section was obtained in the extreme southeast corner of New Milton district along the Doddridge-Lewis county line by combining a section measured with aneroid by the writer westward along the hill road leading down Spring run of Indian fork, with the log of the D. H. Nicholson No. 1 well (277), pub- lished on page 295 of Vol. 1(A) of the State Survey reports. Some modifications of the log as originally published are given in parentheses by the writer: Section One Mile East of Coldwater, New Milton District. Upper and Lower Carboniferous ( 2720 ') Thickness. Total Dunkard Series (467') Feet. Feet. Concealed from summit of high knob to fork of road on ridge 125 125 Shale, red and sandy 10 135 Sandstone 5 140 Shale, red and variegated 20 160 Fire clay, trace 160 Shale 5 165 Sandstone, massive, Upper Marietta 40 205 Concealed 24 229 Fire clay, Washington “A” 1 230 230' Concealed and shale 25 255 Sandstone 30' ] Concealed 30 )■ Lower Marietta 70 325 Sandstone, shaly...l0J Concealed 7 332 Black slate 2 334 Coal, Washington 3 337 107' Fire clay and concealed to top of Nicholson well (277) 23 360 (D. H. Nicholson No. 1 well record (277) Unrecorded 107 467 130' Monongahela Series (438') Unrecorded 433 900 Coal, Pittsburgh 5 905 438'’ Conemaugh and Allegheny Series (915') Unrecorded 635 1540 Sand, Big Dunkard? (Upper Freeport) 75 1615 Unrecorded 85 1700 WEST VIRGINIA GEOLOGICAL SURVEY. 87 Thickness. Total. Feet. Feet. Gas (?) sand 5 1705 Unrecorded 115 1820 Pottsville, Mauch Chunk and Greenbrier Lime- stone (615') Sand, Salt? (Second Cow Run) (Homewood) 85 1905 Unrecorded 170 2075 Sand, Maxton 5 2080 Unrecorded 355 2435 Pocono Sandstones (285') Big Injun sand 75 Unrecorded 195 Sand, Gantz? (Berea) 15 Devonian ( 546 ') Catskill Sandstones (546') Unrecorded 298 Sand, Gordon 7 Unrecorded 159 Sand, Fifth (thickness not recorded) Unrecorded to bottom of well 82 2510 2705 2720 3018 3025 3184 3266 915' 615' 285' 546' In the above section the top formation is estimated from the topographic contours of the U. S. G. Survey. The base of the Dunkard series is placed at 130 feet below the Washing- ton coal. It may slightly exceed this figure, and in that event the thickness (438') of the Monongahela series would have to be reduced a like amount. Owing to the lack of details in the well log, it is not possible to separate the Conemaugh and Alleghen)' series, as well as the Pottsville, Mauch Chunk and Greenbrier Limestone. The formation 2705 feet from the top evidently belongs higher in the measures than at the horizon of the Gantz sand, and probably correlates with the Berea Grit. GREENBRIER DISTRICT. — The following section was obtained near Miletus in the northern portion of Greenbrier district from the log of the Maxwell Heirs No. 1 well (296), published on page 324 of Vol. I of the State Survey reports. The well starts 10 feet above the crop of the Washington coal bed. The top formation is estimated from the topo- graphic contour map from the summit of a high knob, one- third mile southeast from the well, with allowance made for a dip in the opposite direction of 25 feet : 88 STRATIGRAPHY GENERAL SECTIONS. Section One-half Mile South of Miletus, Greenbrier District. Carboniferous, Upper and Lower. { 2875 ') Thickness. Total Dunkard Series (555') Feet. Feet. Unrecorded, concealed mostly from top of of knob southeast of well 415 415 Maxwell Heirs No. 1 Well Log (296) ) Unrecorded 10 425 Coal Washington (supplied from crop) 425 Unrecorded 130 555 555' Monongahela Series (447') Unrecorded 447 1002 Coal, Pittsburgh (thickness not recorded)... 1002 447' Conemaugh, Allegheny, Pottsville, Mauch Chunk and Greenbrier Limestone (1333') Unrecorded 1333 2335 1333' Pocono Sandstones (540') Sand, Big Injun (gas at 1955' and 2100').... 185 2520 Sand, Squaw 150 2670 Unrecorded 125 2795 Sand, Gantz? 35' ] Slate 5 [-(Berea). 80 2875 540' Sand, Fifty-foot?. ..... .40 J Devonian ( 470 ') Catskill Sandstones (470') Slate 115 2990 Sand, (gas for boiler) (Thirty foot) . . . 28 3018 Unrecorded 37 3055 Shells and shaly sandstone (gas at 2650') (Gordon Stray) 20 3075 Shells and slate 10 3085 Sand, pebbly, Gordon (strong gas).... 30 3115 Shells and slate to bottom of hole. . . . 230 3345 470' The great thickness for the Monongahela series (447') is unusual for the Doddridge-Harrison area, and in this section it may be due to the fact that the base of the Dunkard series has been placed too high in the measures. The Waynesburg coal horizon is not recorded. The same lack of details in the well record prevents the separation of the Upper and Lower divisions of the Carboniferous system, as well as the different series composing them. The following section was obtained in the extreme eastern point of Greenbrier district by combining a section from the summit of a high knob, located two miles due north from Big Isaac, with the log of the Geo. T. Richards No. 3 well (315), published on page 294 of Vol. 1(A) of the State Survey reports. The top of the well is nearly flush with the Washington coal horizon : WEST VIRGINIA GEOLOGICAL SURVEY. 89 Section One-half Mile North of Big Isaac, Greenbrier District. Upper Carboniferous ( 2060 ' ) Thickness. Total Dunkard Series (330') Feet. Feet. Concealed from top of the knob to well 200 200 (Log of Richards Well (315) ) Unrecorded 130 330 330' Monongahela Series (465') Unrecorded 460 790 Coal, Pittsburgh 5 795 465' Conemaugh Series (525') Unrecorded 317 1112 Sandstone, Little Dunkard? (Saltsburg) 25 1137 Unrecorded 93 1230 Sandstone, Big Dunkard (Mahoning) 40 1270 Unrecorded 50 1320 525' Allegheny Series (250') Unrecorded 250 1570 250' Pottsville Series (490') Unrecorded 130 1700 Sand, Salt 185 1885 Unrecorded 175 2060 490' Lower Carboniferous (700') Mauch Chunk Series (110') Sand, Maxton 75 2135 Unrecorded 35 2170 110' Greenbrier Limestone (65') Big Lime 65 2235 65' Pocono Sandstones (525 ) Sand, Big Injun 100 2335 Unrecorded 425 2760 525' Devonian (429') Catskill Sandstones (429') Unrecorded 8 2768 Sand, Fifty-foot 25 2793 Unrecorded 58 2851 Sand, Gordon Stray (oil, 2664') 35 2886 Unrecorded 13 2899 Sand, Gordon 44 2943 Unrecorded 150 3093 Sand, Fifth 9 3102 Unrecorded to bottom of well 87 3189 429' The lack of detailed records of the wells drilled in this portion of Doddridge county makes it a very difficult matter to correlate the several formations of the rock column, especially so below the top of the Lower Carboniferous. HARRISON COUNTY SECTIONS. Several general sections will now be given by districts for Harrison county. There the streams have cut down much deeper into the rock column than in Doddridge, reaching almost to the base of the Conemaugh series. 90 STRATIGRAPHY GENERAL SECTIONS. SARDIS DISTRICT. — Sardis district occupies the northwestern portion of Harrison county. The following section was obtained near the central part of the district at the town of Brown by combining an aneroid section measured by the writer northeastward in part along the hill road to the town, with the log of the I. L. Marsh No. 1 well (373), published on page 250 of Vol. I of the State Survey reports. The well is located at the northwest edge of Brown, and reached a depth of only 1867 feet, hence the lower portion of the section has been supplied from, the log of the Temple Smith No. 2107 well (374). The latter well is located only on,e-half mile northward from the Marsh well. Owing to the rapid dip of the strata in this region to the northwest, it is quite difficult to obtain accurate measurements of the cropping rocks from exposures : Section at Brown, Sardis District. Carboniferous, Upper ( 200 /) Thickness. Total Dunkard Series (460') Feet. Feet. Concealed from top of knob to road at low gap southwest of Brown 130 * 130 Sandstone, flaggy, green 10 140 > Concealed 4 144 Shale, red 8 152 Concealed 25 177 Sandstone, green, micaceous 10 187 Shale, variegated and red 15 202 Concealed 25 227 Sandstone, green, micaceous, Upper Mari- etta 10 237 Shale, red, sandy and variegated, Creston.. 40 277 Concealed 25 302 Sandstone ........ s' ( Lo e Marietta. 16 Shale, sandy and dark.. 11 j Concealed 5 Coal, Washington, 12" to 2 Fire clay shale, Washington 10 Concealed (mostly) to top of Marsh well (373) 90 (I. L. Marsh No. 1 Well Record (373) ) Conductor (surface gravel) 10 Sandstone, white, Waynesburg (Bluff sand). 25 Monongahela Series (413') Coal, Waynesburg 3 Slate 15 Sandstone, hard and white, (Gilboy) (10" casing, 93') 35 Slate, soft 80 318 323 325 335 425 435 460 463 478 513 593 335' 125 ' WEST VIRGINIA GEOLOGICAL SURVEY. 91 Thickness. Total. Feet. Feet. Coal, Uniontown 5 598 138' Limestone, hard, (Uniontown) 30 628 Slate, soft and white 15 643 . Limestone, hard and blue (Benwood). 112 755 157' Slate, soft and black 60 815 Limestone, hard (Sewickley) 15 830 Slate, white 33 863 Coal, Pittsburgh 873 118' Conemaugh Series (595') Slate and sandstone (232'?) Red rock and “cave” Sandstone, (Grafton) Slate, white, and shells Sandstone, hard and dark (Saltsburg) Slate and shells, hard and limy (7%" casing, 966.5') Sandstone, Dunkard (Big Dunkard) (Mahon- ing) (gas at 970'; blackish oil at 975').. Allegheny Series (300') Slate, black and shells Pottsville Series (242') Sandstone, white (Second Cow Run) (Home- wood) Slate, black Sandstone, black and close Slate, black Sand, black 55' ( Qan - Sand, white, solid 102 j (Salt Sand) ' Lower Carboniferous (68 1') Mauch Chunk Series (134') Slate and shells Limestone and slate Limestone, hard Red rock Limestone, hard and blue Limestone and shells Red rock Slate, black, cave, “Pencil” Greenbrier Limestone (49') Limestone, light gray (Big Lime) (5%" cas- ing) Pocono Sandstones (498') Sandstone, gray 7' ] Limestone, gray 32 | Slate, black 4 | 222 1095 40 1135 15 1150 277' 65 1215 30 1245 95' 140 1385 80 1465 220' 300 1765 300' 30 1795 30 1825 10 1835 5 1840 10 1850 157 2007 242' 8 2015 10 2025 30 2055 15 2070 37 2107 6 2113 12 2125 5 2130 11 2141 134' 49 2190 49' Limestone, gray 14 j Sandstone, white, soft at top (gas at 1833') 40 Shale, hard pebbles at bottom, gray 5 } Big Injun sand. 102 (Temple Smith (374) ) 2292 No. 2107 Well Log 92 STRATIGRAPHY GENERAL SECTIONS. Thickness. Total. Feet. Feet. Sand, (bottom of Big Injun sand in this well is 1445' below top of Pittsburgh coal) 16 2308 Unrecorded 380 2688 498' Devonian ( 120 ') Catskill Sandstones (120') Unrecorded 75 2763 Sand, Fifty-foot (gas 2' in sand) 44 2807 Skate to bottom of hole 1 2808 120' In that portion of the section in which the log of the Marsh well is used, the identifications in parentheses are by the writer. It is a very important section in that many de- tails are given in the different series of the rock column. Also the division plane between the Upper and Lower Car- boniferous rocks is sharply defined. The following section was obtained in the southwest corner of Sardis district by combining the log of the Nathan Goff No. 45 well (362), as furnished the Survey by B. M. Despard of Clarksburg, W. Va., with a section measured with aneroid by D. B. Reger, southward from the summit of a high knob along the road leading down a branch of Grass run : Section 1.5 Miles South of Fonda P. O., Sardis District. Upper Carboniferous { 2330 ') Thickness. Total Dunkard Series (822 ) Feet. Feet. Concealed from summit of high knob to low gap 150 150 Shale, red, concealed, red shale 25 175 Sandstone, green, flaggy, micaceous (Nin- eveh) 20 195 195' Concealed 50 245 Sandstone, green, flaggy, fine grained (Bur- ton) 20 265 Fire clay (Hostetter coal horizon).... 1 266 71' Concealed 44 310 Sandstone, shaly 5 315 Concealed 10 325 Sandstone, shaly 25 350 84' Shale, red 10 360 Sandstone, shaly 365 Shale, red 370 Concealed 380 Coal blossom (Fish Creek) 380 30' Concealed to top of Goff well (362) . . . 35 415 (Nathan Goff No. 45 Well Log (362) ) Unrecorded 274 689 Coal, Washington 3 692 312' WEST VIRGINIA GEOLOGICAL SURVEY. 93 Thickness. Total. Feet. Feet. Unrecorded 130 822 180' Monongahela Series (427') Unrecorded 421 1243 Coal, Pittsburgh 6 1249 427' Conemaugh Series (576') Unrecorded 369 1618 Sandstone, Litt’.e Dunkard? (Saltsburg) 33 1651 Unrecorded 92 1743 Sandstone, Big Dunkard (Mahoning) 52 1795 Unrecorded 30 1825 576' Allegheny Series (265') Unrecorded 170 1995 Gas sand (Lower Freeport) 20 2015 Unrecorded 75 2090 265' Pottsville Series (240') Sand, Salt? (Second Cow Run) (Homewood) 30 2120 Unrecorded 210 2330 240' Lozver Carboniferous (695') Mauch Chunk Series (125') Unrecorded 60 2390 Sand, Maxton 25 2415 Unrecorded 35 2450 Pencil cave 5 2455 125' Greenbrier Limestone ( 72 ') Big Lime 72 2527 72' Pocono Sandstones (498') Sand, Big Injun 98 2625 Unrecorded 400 3025 498' Devonian (342') Catskill Sandstones (342') Unrecorded 60 3085 Sand, Fifty-foot 52 3137 Unrecorded 56 3193 Sandstone, Thirty-foot 20 3213 Unrecorded 32 3245 220' Sand, Gordon Stray 50 3295 Unrecorded 15 3310 Sand, Gordon (oil pay, 3222' light) 30 3340 Break of slate 3 3343 Shells 15 3358 Slate to bottom of hole 9 3367 122' Note. — Conductor, 14'; 10" casing, 290'; 814" casing, 1328'; 6%" casing, 2326'; small hole, 2830'; completed, February 6, 1906. The above section agrees closely with that for Brown, 3 y 2 miles to the northeast. A small coal in addition to the Washington seam occurs in the Dunkard series, 310 feet above the latter bed. It appears to correlate with the Fish Creek vein of the Littleton, Wetzel county, region. In Harrison county this coal is accompanied by 5 to 8 feet of buff and greenish fire clay shale, resembling much in texture and general appearance the Washington fire clay shale. It comes 94 STRATIGRAPHY GENERAL SECTIONS. immediately, under the bed, and this same feature goes with the Fish Creek coal in eastern Wetzel and western Monon- galia counties. The writer measured the following section with aneroid in the southeastern point of Sardis district from the summit of the high knob, three-fourths mile due west of Katys Lick P. O., eastward to Katys creek. The intervals are much less than they should be for the reason that the section was measured eastward along the rapid rise of the strata. The top of the first formation has risen in that direction at least 75 feet by the time basal formation of the section is reached : Section Three-fourths Mile West of Katys Lick, Sardis District. Thickness. Total Dunkard Series (110') Feet. Feet. Sandstone, buff, micaceous, Mannington, capping knob used as U. S. G. Survey tri- angulation point 20 20 Concealed, mostly shale 60 80 Sandstone, green, micaceous, Waynesburg.. 15 95 Concealed 15 110 110' Monongahela Series (395') Concealed 10 120 Sandstone, coarse, gray and pebbly, Gilboy.. 35 155 Concealed along bench 5 160 Sandstone, green, micaceous, Uniontown . . . . 40 200 90' Concealed and sandstone, forming steep bluff 70 270 Concealed 15 285 Sandstone, shaly and broken, Arnoldsburg . . 20 305 105' Concealed 35 340 Shale, red and sandy 15 355 Concealed 142 497 Coal, opening, Pittsburgh (Elev.=1075'B-A. T-) v 8 505 200' TEN MILE DISTRICT.— Ten Mile district lies imme- diately south of Sardis district, and is bounded on the west by Doddridge county. The following detailed section of the rock column is exhibited by the log of the Robinson No. 1 well (459), published on pages 317-318 of Vol. 1(A) of the State Survey reports. The well is located one-half mile due south of the town of Bristol : WEST VIRGINIA GEOLOGICAL SURVEY. 95 Section Two Miles East of Salem, Sardis District. (Robinson No. 1 Well Log (459) ) Upper Carboniferous ( 1798 ') Dunkard Series (312') Conductor Thickness. Feet. Total Feet. 10 Red slate 90 100 Fire clay 4 104 Soapstone 121 Red shale 18 139 Red sand 2 141 Red shale 3 144 Black shale 6 150 Washington Coal 2 152 152' Black shale 8 160 Blue shale 32 192 White sand, (Mannington) 31 223 Blue shale 7 230 Dark shale 7 237 Coal, Waynesburg “A” 2 239 87' Shale, red 11 250 White sand 12 262 Red rock 282 Blue shale 30 312 73' Monongahela Series (414') White sand, (Gilboy) 337 Red shale 30 367 Blue shale 54 421 Black shale 10 431 Coal, Uniontown 2 433 121' Blue shale 23 456 Red shale 466 Variegated shale 70 536 Lime, (Benwood) 571 Blue shale 30 601 Sand, (Sewickley) 626 193' Brown shale 68 694 Coal (Redstone) 3 697 Blue shale 19 716 Pittsburgh coal, top at 720'. . . . 6 726 100’ Conemaugh Series (543') Blue shale 830 Gray sand, (Connellsville) . . . . 15 845 119' Red shale 43 888 Blue shale 46 934 Red rock, (Pittsburgh) 50 984 139' Blue shale 85 1069 White sand, Dunkard?, (Saltsburg) . . . 30 1099 Black shale 1134 Blue shale 135 1269 285' Allegheny Series (279') Lime, (Upper Freeport) 22 1291 Black slate 77 1368 Dark sand, (Lower Freeport).. 80 1448 179' Blue slate 40 1488 Black slate 1548 100' 96 STRATIGRAPHY GENERAL SECTIONS. Thickness. Total. Pottsville Series (250') Feet. Feet. Salt sand, brown (Second Cow Run) , ... 115 1663 Blue slate 1698 Black slate 1758 Lime 1798 250' Lower Carboniferous ( 70 /) Mauch Chunk (106') Slate 7 1805 Lime 23 1828 Red rock 1868 Lime 1883 Gray sand .. . 17 1900 Pencil cave 1904 106' Greenbrier Limestone (132') Little Lime and Big Lime (unrecorded) . . ... 132 2036 132 Pocono Sandstones (469') Big Injun, top, 2036' ... 174 2200 Blue slate 2270 Sandy slate . . . 70 2340 Slate and shells . . . 50 2390 Blue slate . . . 90 2480 Brown sand (Berea Grit) . . . 25 2505 469' Devonian ( 641 ') Catskill Sandstones (641') White slate . . . 83 2588 White sand, Gantz 2603 Blue slate 2612 White sand 2618 White slate . . . 32 2650 Blue slate 2670 Hard sand (Fifty-foot) . . . 25 2695 Sand and shale . . . 40 2735 Gray sand (“Thirty-foot”) . . . 15 2750 Red sand 2775 270' Slate . .. 13 2778 Gordon sand (top, 2808') . . . 35 2823 Blue shale ... 69 2892 White sand (Fourth) 2898 Blue shale ... 104 3002 Dark sand and shale (Fifth sand) 5 3007 Shale . .. 25 3032 Unrecorded to bottom . .. 114 3146 371' “Some of the measurements as noted in the record do not corre- spond with the footings as added up in detail, but the discrepancy is slight and probably due to measurements with steel line at important horizons. The ‘Little Lime’ which belongs just under the Maxton sand, and also the ‘Big Lime’ which comes on top of the Big Injun sand, a total thickness of 132 feet of measures, have by inadvertancy been dropped from the driller’s ‘log,’ b*ut the omission is corrected by his noting the depth to the top of the Big Injun sand.” The top of the hole has an elevation of 1195 feet above tide (aneroid measurement), while the cropping rocks of the WEST VIRGINIA GEOLOGICAL SURVEY. 97 Dunkard series reach up to an elevation of 1425 feet above tide in the summit of a high knob northeast from the well ; hence, to get the true thickness of the latter group of rocks, 230 feet will have to be added to the Dunkard series pene- trated by the well boring, giving a total thickness of 542 feet. The writer has inserted in parentheses correlations and changes in the log as originally published. The section is quite interesting in that two coals in the Dunkard and three in the Monongahela series are recorded, only one of which is probably of minable thickness ; viz., the Pittsburgh bed. The following section was obtained in the southern edge of Ten Mile district by combining the log of the Genius Payne 4 No. 2 well (475) and Genius Payne No. 3 well, pub- lished on pages 253-254 of Vol. I of the State Survey reports, with an aneroid section measured by the writer southeast along the hill road leading down Shaw run to the Payne No. 2 well. The latter is located one mile northwest from Dewey- town : Deweytown Section, Ten Mile District. Upper Carboniferous ( 2002 ') Thickness. Total Dunkard Series (415') Feet. Feet. Concealed from summit of knob to road, low gap 100 100 Shale, red, with thin sandstones 25 125 Sandstone, shaly, Upper Marietta 44 169 Fire clay (Washington “A” coal horizon)... 1 170 170' Concealed 20 190 Shale, red (Creston) 45 235 Sandstone, coarse, brown and friable, Lower Marietta 25 260 Shale and concealed 22 282 Coal, Washington 3 285 115' Concealed to top of G. Payne No. 2 well (475) 50 335 (Genius Payne No. 2 Log (475) ) Unrecorded 80 415 130' Monongahela Series (418') Unrecorded 410 825 (Genius Payne No. 3 Well Log) Coal, Pittsburgh 8 833 418' Conemaugh Series (550') Unrecorded 439 1272 Sandstone, Dunkard? (First Cow Run) (Buf- falo) 25 1297 4W. Va. Geol. Survey, Vol. 1 (A), page 323; 1904. 9 8 STRATIGRAPHY GENERAL SECTIONS. Thickness. Total. Unrecorded Sandstone, Lower Dunkard (Big Dunkard) (Mahoning) Unrecorded Allegheny Series (260') Unrecorded Pottsville Series (359') Lower Carboniferous ( 645 ') Mauch Chunk and Greenbrier Limestone (160') Pocono Sandstones (485') Sand, “Keener” 22 ' Sand, Big Injun ,47 j Devonian ( 514 ') Catskill Sandstone (514') Sand 10' ] Break 10 }■ Fifty-foot Sand 18 J Sand, Gordon Stray (oil and gas at top) Sand, Gordon, Campbells Run, Unrecorded Fourth sand, Flat Run Unrecorded Fifth sand, McDonald, dry.... Feet. Feet. 55 1352 20 1372 11 1383 550' 260 1643 260' 247 1890 112 2002 359' 103 2105 44 2149 13 2162 160' 165 2327 195 2522 25 2547 100 2647 485' 95 2742 38 2780 142 2922 275' 2922 43 2965 17 2982 45 3027 3027 90 3117 195' 4 3121 40 3161 44' In the above section about 50 feet should be added to the thickness of the Dunkard series for the reason that the first ten formations were measured in descending order southeast- ' ward along the rise of the strata. The driller identified the formation at 2184'-2280 feet as the “Big Lime”, but accord- ing to I. C. White, in the volume referred to above, pages 254-255, this stratum is a portion of the Big Injun sand which in this region has undergone quite a structural change from sandstone to limy beds. In the section given for Salem, three miles northward from Deweytown, the thickness of the Big Injun sand is recorded as 174 feet. These figures agree closely WEST VIRGINIA GEOLOGICAL SURVEY. 99 with those given for the same sand in the Deweytown section. UNION DISTRICT. — The following hand-level section was measured by D. B. Reger in the extreme northern por- tion of Union district, Harrison county, from the summit of a high knob on the Union-Ten Mile district line, located 1.5 miles south 15-20 degrees west ol Wolf Summit, southeast- ward to and along the hill road leading down Sycamore: Section 1.5 Miles South of Wolf Summit, Union District. Upper Carboniferous ( 450 ') Thickness. Dunkard Series (76') Feet. Sandstone, brown, shaly, micaceous, Man- nington, capping knob 15 Concealed 11 Shale, brown and red 17 Shale, brown 16 Sandstone, brown, flaggy,! micaceous, Waynes- burg 17 Monongahela Series (348') Shale, brown 27 Sandstone, brown, micaceous, Gilboy and Uniontown 66 Concealed 23 Shale, red 5 Shale, brown 16 Total. Feet. 15 26 43 59 76 103 169 192 197 213 Limestone 3'] Shale, variegated. 4 j Limestone 4 j Shale, limy 6 | Limestone 10 (Uniontown and Ben- Concealed 11 [ wood Limestones.. Limestone 5 | Shale, brown 3 j Shale, brown 4 j Limestone, white. 10 J Concealed Shale, limy and green Concealed Sandstone, and shale, brown Shale, yellow and brecciated Shale, brown Sandstone, brown, flaggy, fine micaceous, Sewickley Shale, brown 60 8 1 8 11 4 18 14 13.8 273 281 282 290 301 •305 323 337 350.8 Shale, bituminous (2"), (Sewickley coal hori- zon) 0.2 Concealed 20 Sandstone, shaly 5 Concealed and brown shale 12 351 371 376 388 76' 93' 182 ' JOO STRATIGRAPHY GENERAL SECTIONS. Thickness. Total. Feet. Feet. Shale, dark \ . . . . 5 393 Coal, Redstone 1 394 Concealed 22 416 Coal, Pittsburgh 8 424 73' Conemaugh Series (26') Shale, limy 3 427 Shale, brown 5 432 Concealed 11 443 Sandstone, coarse grained, Lower Pittsburgh 7 450 Coal, streak, Little Pittsburgh (Base=1115' B-A. T.) 450 26' The section was measured in descending order southeast- ward along the rise of the strata for a distance of three- fourths mile. The pitch of the rocks at this particular point is about 100 feet to the mile; hence, at least 75 feet will have to be added to the total of the section to get the true height of the rock column. It follows that the intervals represented are shorter than they should be, especially the thickness of the Monongahela series, which should slightly exceed 400 feet in this region. The following section was obtained along the south- eastern border of Union district in the region of West Mil- ford by combining the log of the G. W. Wolf No. 1 well (487), published on page 335 of Vol. I (A) of the- State Survey reports, with an aneroid section measured from the summit of a high knob one-half mile north of the town. The Pitts- burgh coal bed crops in the hills about 140 feet above the well mouth ; hence, the coal 412 feet from the top and 72 feet in depth in the original well record, correlates with the Elk Lick and not with the Pittsburgh bed : Section One-half Mile North of West Milford, Union District. Upper Carboniferous ( 1440 ') Monongahela Series (200') Thickness. Total. Feet. Feet. Concealed from top of high knob 192 192 Coal, (Pittsburgh) 8 200 200' Conemaugh Series (590') Concealed to top of Wolf well (487) . . 140 340 G. W, Wolf No 1 Well Log (487) Unrecorded 412 Coal, Pittsburgh? (Elk Lick) 3 415 Unrecorded 89 504 Coal, (Harlem) 6 510 310' Red rock (Pittsburgh) and white sandstone. 30 540 Lime and white slate 640 WEST VIRGINIA GEOLOGICAL SURVEY. 101 Thickness. Total. Feet. Feet. Sandstone, white (First Cow Run) (Buffalo). 60 700 Slate 40 740 Sandstone, (Big Dunkard) (Mahoning) 50 790 Allegheny Series (250') Red lime 50 840 Slate 100 940 Lime 75 1015 Coal, (Clarion) * 3 1018 Lime 22 1040 Pottsville Series (400') Slate 125 1165 Sandstone, white (water at 880') (Salt) 75 1240 Slate, black 50 1290 Sandstone, dark 50 1340 Sandstone 100 1440 Lower Carboniferous ( 700 ') Mauch Chunk (200') Red rock 100 1540 Sandstone, white (Maxton) 100 1640 Greenbrier Limestone and Pocono Sandstones (500') Lime and sand (Big Lime and Big Injun sand) 200 1840 Slate 100 1940 Shells, black 200 2140 Devonian ( 630 ') Catskill Sandstones (630') "Sand, Gas”? (Gantz) 30 2170 Sand, white (gas), (Fifty-foot) 70 2240 Shells 100 2340 Sand, (Gordon Stray) 25 2365 Red rock 75 2440 Sand, (Fourth) 69 2509 Slate 131 2640 Sand, show, Gordon? (Fifth) 2640 Slate 100 2740 Unrecorded 60 2800 Sand, Fifth? (Bayard? 2800 190' 90' 250' 400' 200 ' 500' 660' In the above section the identifications in parentheses are by the writer. The Pottsville and Mauch Chunk measures have begun to thicken up quite rapidly southeastward. The Dunkard series has been entirely eroded and misses the tops of the highest hills in the region of West Milford. The following section was obtained in the southwest corner of Union district by combining an aneroid section measured by the writer northeast along the hill road, 1 mile north about 80 degrees east of Benson, with the log of the J. M. Hall No. 1 well (522) near by. The record of the latter is published on page 331 of Vol. 1(A) of the State Survey 102 STRATIGRAPHY GENERAL SECTIONS. reports. The Washington coal is flush with the well mouth, and the Pittsburgh bed is recorded at a depth of 605 feet: Section One Mile Eastward from Benson, Union District. Upper Carboniferous ( 1820 ') Thickness. Total. Dunkard Series (125') Feet. Feet. Coal, Washington, summit of hill road 2 2 Fire clay shale, Washington 13 15 Sandstone, massive, Mannington 45 60 Concealed 9 69 Fireclay (Waynesburg “A” coal horizon)... 1 70 70' Concealed 55 125 Coal blossom, Waynesburg 125 55' Monongahela Series (485') Concealed 25 150 Sandstone, broken, Gilboy 10 160 Shale, red 10 170 Sandstone, massive, buff, coarse, Uniontown. 10 180 Shale and concealed 65 245 Coal, Uniontown 1 246 121' Fire clay and shale, red 9 255 Sandstone, nodular, limy 6 261 Shale, sandy and red 9 270 Concealed to Right fork of Kincheloe creek. 35 305 59' (J. M. Hall No. 1 Well Log (522) ) Interval 300 605 Coal, Pittsburgh 5 610 305' Conemaugh Series (580') Unrecorded 530 1140 Sandstone, Dunkard (Big Dunkard) (Mahon- ing) 50 1190 580' Allegheny Series (220') Unrecorded 115 1305 Gas sand 4 1309 Unrecorded 101 1410 220' Pottsville Series (410') Sandstone, Salt? (Second Cow Run and Salt) 360 1770 Unrecorded 50 1820 410' Lower Carboniferous (725) Mauch Chunk Series (220') Red rock 150 1970 Unrecorded 70 2040 220' Greenbrier Limestone (55') Big Lime 55 2095 55 r Pocono Sandstones (450') Sand, Big Injun 125 2220 Unrecorded 175 2395 Sandstone 10 2405 Unrecorded 140 2545 450' Devonian ( 37 /) Catskill Sandstones (377') Unrecorded 95 2640 Sand, Stray? (gas, 2670') (Gantz) 50 2690 Unrecorded 10 2700 WEST VIRGINIA GEOLOGICAL SURVEY. 103 Thickness. Total. Feet. Feet. Sand, Gordon? (gas 2715') (Fifty-foot) 40 2740 Unrecorded 104 2904 Sand, Fifth (oil), (Gordon) 4 2908 Unrecorded 14 2922 377' (“Small oil well.”) The section shows quite an expansion of the Monon- gahela series. It is barely possible that the coal blossom at 125 feet from the top may represent only a local streak of coal and not the Waynesburg bed. The Washington coal is how- ever correctly identified, and three miles northward at Big Isaac the Washington-Waynesburg coal interval is only 125 to 130 feet. In the Catskill group, the two gas bearing sands appear to lie too close the Big Injun sand, as compared with the section above for West Milford, to correlate with the Stray and Gordon. They come about the right place in the rock column for the Gantz and Fifty-foot, respectively. The much increased interval of the Catskill group below the Pittsburgh coal is due in a large measure to the rapid in- crease in thickness of the Mauch Chunk and Pottsville meas- ures to the southeast across Harrison county. The following section was obtained in the southeast portion of Union district by combining the log of the Jacob McConkey 5 No. 1 well (498), located one mile west of the town of Goodhope, with a hand-level section measured by D. B. Reger in descending order along the south hill side at the well : Section One Mile West From Goodhope, Union District. Upper and Lower Carboniferous ( 2149 ') Thickness. Total. Monongahela Series (269') Feet. Feet. Concealed from top of knob (estimated) . . . 150 150 Sandstone, Sewickley 30 180 180' Concealed, sandstone and shale 40 220 Concealed 16 236 Coal, Redstone (thickness concealed) • 236 Concealed 33 269 Coal, Pittsburgh (thickness concealed) 269 89' Conemaugh Series (591') Shale and concealed 80 349 Sandstone, shaly and concealed (Connells- ville) 30 379 5 Yol. 1 (A), page 334, W. Va. Geol. Survey; 1904. 104 STRATIGRAPHY GENERAL SECTIONS. Thickness. Total. Feet. Feet. Coal, Little Clarksburg (thickness con- cealed) 379 110' Limestone, Clarksburg 2 381 Concealed to McConkey well (498) 14 395 16' (Jacob McConkey No. 1 Well Log (498) ) Unrecorded 243 638 Slate, lime and coal (Bakerstown) 6 644 249' Unrecorded 51 695 Sandstone, Dunkard? (First Cow Run (Buf- falo) 80 775 Unrecorded 85 860 '216 Allegheny, Pottsville and Mauch Chunk (830') Unrecorded 700 1560 Sand, Maxton (water, 1170') 115 1675 Unrecorded 15 1690 830' Greenbrier Limestone (37') Big Lime 37 1727 37' Pocono Sandstones (422') Sand, Big Injun 43 1770 Unrecorded 379 2149 422' Devonian ( 406 ') Catskill Sandstone (406') Sand, Fifty-foot? (Gantz) 46 2195 Unrecorded 36 2231 Sand, Stray? (light gas) (Fifty-foot) 2231 Unrecorded 29 2260 Sand, Gordon? (30-foot) 10 2270 Unrecorded 113 2383 Sand, Fourth 42 2425 Unrecorded 130 2555 Sand, Fifth (very heavy gas at top) to bot- tom of hole 2555 406' “Rock pressure, 985 pounds; open gate capacity, 26,000,000 cubic feet. “Casing, 10", 197 feet; 8%", 924 feet; 6%", 1401 feet." EAGLE DISTRICT. — The following section was ob- tained in the northern portion of Eagle district by combining the log of the J. B. Cunningham No. 1 well (363), located on Cunningham run, one mile and a quarter northwest of Peora, with a section measured southwestward from the summit of a high hill to the well. The well was drilled by the Fairmont and Grafton Gas Company about 20 years ago. T. B. Peddi- cord, Foreman, is authority for log and data. WEST VIRGINIA GEOLOGICAL SURVEY. 105 Section One Mile Southwest of Wyatt, Eagle District. Upper Carboniferous ( 1610 ') Thickness. Total. Dunkard and Monongahela Series (440') Feet. Feet. Concealed from top of high hill 432 432 Coal, Pittsburgh 8 440 440' Conemaugh Series (570') Concealed to Cunningham well (363) 10 450 (J. B. Cunningham No. 1 Well Log (363) ) Slate and lime 140 590 Slate 60 650 Red rock 100 750 Slate 40 790 Sandstone, gray, (saltwater) (Saltsburg) . . . 50 840 400' Slate 32 872 Sandstone (Buffalo and Mahoning) 130 1002 Slate 8 1010 170' Allegheny Series (240') Slate 128 1138 Sandstone, white (Gas sand) (Lower Free- port) 78 1216 Coal, Lower Kittanning 8 1224 214' Slate 26 1250 26' Pottsville (360') Sandstone, (Second Cow Run) (Homewood). 35 1285 Slate 40 1325 Sand, Salt (Connoquenessing) 191 1516 Slate 4 1520 Sandstone 20 1540 Slate 32 1572 Sandstone 38 1610 360' Lower Carboniferous ( 6g6 ') Mauch Chunk Series (93') Red rock 85 1695 Slate, white 8 1703 93' Greenbrier Limestone (112') Big Lime 112 1815 112' Pocono Sandstones (491') Keener sand 65 1880 Slate 37 1917 Sand, “Mannington oil sand”, Big Injun.... 22 1939 Slate 359 2298 Sand, Berea 8 2306 491' Devonian (5 ’ in 20 J Unrecorded Pottsville Series (299') Sand, Salt? (water, 1158') (Second Cow Run) (Homewood and Upper Connoqueness- ing) Coal, (Lower Mercer?) Lower Carboniferous ( 716 ') Maucii Chunk (350') Red rock Unrecorded Little Lime Unrecorded Sand. Maxton Pencil cave Greenbrier Limestone (66') Big Lime Pocono Sandstones (400') Sand, Big Injun, (gas, 1743' Unrecorded Sand, Berea Grit? (Squaw). Devonian (179') Catskill Sandstones (179') Sand, Fifty-foot (gas, 2250', 2260' and 2266'; ‘10” casing, 280'; 8U" casing, 1271'; Feet. Feet. 90 915 60 975 325' 30 1005 15 1020 49 1069 7 1076 10U . 47 1123 33 1156 80' 154 1310 2 1312 113 1425 30 1455 299' 300 1755 10 1765 22 1787 3 1790 13 1803 2 1805 350' 66 1871 66' 126 1997 141 2138 10 2148 123 2271 400' 104 2375 75 2450 casing, 1696'. Com- ,000,000 cu. ft. of gas daily.” The Dunkard .series evidently barely misses the top of the high knob, since the thickness of the Monongahela series in this region should not much exceed 425 feet. The Alle- gheny measures have thinned down to only 181 feet. This feature is quite common to the latter group of rocks in east- ern Marion and Taylor counties. WEST VIRGINIA GEOLOGICAL SURVEY. 109 The following section was obtained in the extreme north- eastern corner of Harrison county from the log of the R. L. Reed No. 1 well 6 (633), located one-fourth mile southwest of Boothsville. The well mouth is almost flush with the crop of the Elk Lick limestone, and just in the edge of Taylor county : Section Near Boothsville, Northeast Corner Harrison County. (R. L. Reed No. 1 Well Log (633)) Upper and Lower Carboniferous ( 1680 ') Thickness. Total. Conemaugh Series (330') Sandstone, (Grafton).. Red rock, (Pittsburgh) and lime Sandstone, (First Cow Run) (Buffalo).... Black slate Allegheny Series (220') Sandstone, (Burning Springs) Slate Coal, (Upper Kittanning) Pottsville Series and Mauch Chunk (580') Sandstone, (Second Cow Run) (Homewood) Sand, (Salt) (Valley Falls) (Upper Conno- quenessing) Lime, Big Sand, red 1 . . Sand \ B| 3 ln J un Slate Devonian ( 720 ' ) Catskill Sandstones (720') Slate Sand (Thirty-foot) . . . Slate and shells Red rock and shells. Sand, red, Fifth. Slate, black Slate 2nd shells. Feet. Feet. 25 25 50 75 75' 125 200 50 250 80 330 255' 70 400 35 435 5 440 110' 110 550 110' 60 610 20 630 20 650 25 675 75 750 200' 225 975 155 1130 CO OO O (400') 150 1280 133 1413 5 1418 12 1430 10 1440 240 1680 550' 100 1780 45 1825 20 1845 30 1875 60 1935 255' 125 2060 102 2162 23 2185 250' 12 2197 23 2220 6. W. Va. Geol. Survey, Vol. I (A.), pp. 338-339; 1904. no STRATIGRAPHY GENERAL SECTIONS. Thickness. Total. Feet. Feet. Slate 90 2310 Slate and shells 20 2330 Slate to bottom of hole 70 2400 215' The elevation of the well mouth is 954 feet above tide, spirit level measurement, and the elevation of a summit on the strike of the strata to the south west is about 1220 feet ; hence, about 265 feet of the Conemaugh series crops above the well, and the thickness of the latter series as given in the above section should be increased to 590 to 600 feet. Changes in identifications from the log as originally published are given in parentheses. COAL DISTRICT. — The following section was obtained in the northwestern edge of Coal district by combining the log of the S. E. Hamrick No. 1145 well (657), located 3.5 miles northwest from Clarksburg on the head of Crooked run and drilled by the Hope Natural Gas Company, with a section from the summit of a high knob two-fifths mile north of the well : Section 3.2 Miles Northeast of Wilsonburg, Coal District. Upper Carboniferous ( 1554 ') Thickness. Total. Monongahela Series (400') Feet. Feet. Concealed from top of high knob 390 390 (S. E. Hamrick No. 1 Well Log (657) ) Unrecorded 5 395 Coal, Pittsburgh 5 400 400' Conemaugh Series (587') Unrecorded 407 807 Sandstone, Little Dunkard (First Cow Run) (Buffalo) 20 827 427' Unrecorded 160 987 160 Allegheny Series (258') Unrecorded 28 1015 Sand, Big Dunkard? (Burning Springs) (Upper Freeport) 23 1038 Unrecorded 17 1055 Gas sand (Lower Freeport) 35 1090 103' Unrecorded 55 1145 Sand, First Salt? (water, 810') (Clarion)... 65 1210 Unrecorded 35 1245 155' Pottsville Series (309') Sand, Salt? (Second Cow Run) (Homewood) 45 1290 Unrecorded 4 1294 WEST VIRGINIA GEOLOGICAL SURVEY. Ill Thickness. Total. Feet. Feet. Sand, (Salt) (Upper Connoquenessing) 106 1400 Unrecorded 1554 Lower Carboniferous ( 701 ') Mauch Chunk (200') Unrecorded 81 1635 Sand, Maxton .... 70 1705 Red rock 1712 Unrecorded 8 1720 Little Lime . . . . 18 1738 Pencil nave 16 1754 Greenbrier Limestone (55') Big Lime Pocono Sandstones (446') .... 55 1809 Sand, Big Injun 111 1920 Unrecorded. .... 30 1950 Sand, Squaw .... 30 1980 Unrecorded .... 260 2240 Sand, Gantz (Berea Grit) .... 15 2255 Devonian (56?) Catskill Sandstones (562') Unrecorded .... 85 2340 Sand, Fifty-foot 2390 Unrecorded 2405 Sand, Thirty-foot . ... 52 2457 Unrecorded .... 23 2480 Red rock .... 37 2517 Unrecorded Sand, Gordon Stray? 8'1 .... 92 2609 Sand, Gordon? (oil, 2231').20 1 .. . Unrecorded .. 1 (Fourth) . . . 74 2683 Sand, Fourth Unrecorded .45 j 5 2688 Sand (probably local)... 27 2715 Slate, white .... 51 2766 Sand, Fifth (gas, 2377'; 2386' and 2398') .... 27 2793 Unrecorded to bottom of hole 24 2817 309' 200 ' 55' 446' 354' 74' 134' The following section was obtained in the northeast corner of Coal district on Jack run, two miles north of Clarksburg, by combining the log of the Robert W. Coon No. 1 well (665), published on pages 328-329, Vol. 1(A) of the State Survey reports, with an aneroid section measured by D. B. Reger northeast from the summit of a high knob one mile southeast from the well, mostly along a public highway : 1 12 STRATIGRAPHY GENERAL SECTIONS. Section Two Miles North of Clarksburg, Coal District. Upper Carboniferous (1520') Monongahela Series (365') Concealed Sandstone Concealed Sandstone, shaly Limestone, silicious 20' Shale, limy 10 Lime, silicious 10 Shale and sandstone, shaly. 15 Limestone 2 Shale, limy 8 Limestone 5 Sandstone, flaggy (Sewickley) Shale, brown Coal, Sewickley Shale, sandy 10 Sandstone Shale, brown Benwood Limestone . Shale, brown Sandstone, shaly • 5 Concealed, sandstone and shale Coal, Redstone Shale, limy 10 Concealed Coal, Pittsburgh Conemaugh Series (550') Interval to top of Robert W. Coon well (665). Robert W. Coon No. 1 Well Log (665) ) Coal, (Little Clarksburg) Slate Coal, Elk Lick Slate 61 Lime Sandstone, (Saltsburg) Lime 15 Coal, Bakerstown Sandstone, Little Dunkard (First Cow Run) (Buffalo) (water and black oil at 410') . . Slate Allegheny Series (233') Coal, Upper Freeport Slate 27 mess. Total. ... J’eet. Feet. 30 30 30 60 5 65 23 88 12 100 100' 5 105 10 115 15 130 10 140 5 145 45' 70 215 25 240 7 247 3 250 105' 10 260 5 265 20 285 0 285 5 290 5 295 39 334 1 335 85' 10 345 12 357 8 365 CO 0 35 400 20 420 74 494 2 496 131' 19 515 91 606 7 613 6 619 123' 61 680 60 740 35 775 15 790 6 796 177' 84 880 35 915 119' 3 918 27 945 WEST VIRGINIA GEOLOGICAL SURVEY. 113 Thickness. Total. Coal, Kittanning (Clarion) Sla:e Pottsville Series (372') Sand, Salt? (Second Cow Run) (Homewood) Lime Sand, Salt (water, 870') (Upper Connoquen- essing) Slate Lime Sand, Maxton? (Sharon)... Lime Lower Carboniferous ( 700 ') Mauch Chunk (285') Slate Red rock Slate Pencil cave Greenbrier Limestone (55') Big Lime Pocono Sandstones (360') Sand, Big Injun Slate Lime shells Red rock Lime Lime Slate Sand, Gantz? (Berea Grit) Devonian ( 703 ') Catskill Sandstones (703') Lime shells Slate Sand, Fifty-foot Slate Sand, Thirty-foot Red rock Sand, Gordon Stray Slate Sand, Gordon Red rock Lime shells Red rock, slate and shells Sand, Fourth Slate Sand, Fifth (gas, 2360') Slate and shell Sand, (Bayard) (gas, small, 2435'; oil, 2 bbls., 2462') Unrecorded to bottom of hole “Casing record — 10" casing, 196'; 8" casing, 940' 1575' ”. Feet. Feet. 145 1090 20 1110 195' 2 1112 36 1148 38' 87 1235 12 1247 13 1260 80 1340 40 1380 35 1415 75 1490 30 1520 372' 45 1565 195 1760 35 1795 10 1805 285' 55 1860 55' 110 1970 12 1982 10 1992 5 1997 53 2050 40 2090 18 2108 32 2140 70 2210 10 2220 360' 60 2280 35 2315 55 2370 15 2385 85 2470 3 2473 37 2510 5 2515 295' 45 2560 20 2580 30 2610 90 2700 20 2720 35 2755 240' 15 2770 60 2830 40 2870 53 2923 168' casing, 1 14 STRATIGRAPHY GENERAL SECTIONS. The above is probably the most interesting section yet given for the Doddridge-Harrison area. The upper 400 feet of the section was measured from crop, and gives three well- known coal beds of the Monongahela series : viz., Sewickley, Redstone and Pittsburgh. The section lacks 30 to 50 feet of reaching up to the base of the Dunkard series, the latter having been eroded from this immediate region. The well log also contains five well known coals of the Conemaugh and Allegheny series ; viz., Little Clarksburg, Elk Lick, and Bakerstown of the Conemaugh, and Upper Freeport and Clar- ion of the Allegheny. The only doubt as to the correlation of these different coal beds exists with the one called the Clarion. Northeastward in Taylor county, the Lower Kittanning coal crops only 150 to 160 feet below the Upper Freeport coal, and for that reason the interval (195 feet) appears too large for this coal at 1110 feet from the top to come in the Kittan- ning group of coals. The correlation of the different sands of the Catskill series in the section presents quite a problem, since red rock occurs at two different points at the horizon of the Gordon group of sands. It is barely possible that the sand at 2700'- 2720' may be the true Gordon Stray as evidenced by the overlying reds, and in that event the ones struck at 2755' and 2830' from the top of the section become the Gordon and Fourth sands respectively. The Pittsburgh coal-Gordon sand interval then would be 2465 feet as opposed to 2087 feet at Burton, Wetzel county. The increased thickness of the intervening Pottsville, Mauch Chunk and Pocono beds in the Clarksburg region over that at Burton 7 would easily make up the difference in interval between the two points. CLARK DISTRICT. — The following section was ob- tained along the northern boundary line of Clark district, Harrison county, by combining the log of the Hattie Porter No. 1 well (670) — drilled by the Peerless Carbon Black Company and located on Simpson fork of Limestone run, one mile south of Wilsonburg — with an aneroid section, measured by the writer from the summit of a high knob northward to the well mouth : 7. See Burton Section, Marshall-Wetzel-Tyler Report, pp. 110-113, W. Vi. Geological Survey; 1909. WEST VIRGINIA GEOLOGICAL SURVEY. 115 Section One Mile South of Wilsonburg, Clark District. Upper Carboniferous ( 1205 ') Thickness. Total. Monongahela Series (75') Feet. Feet. Concealed from top of knob 35 35 Redstone coal horizon 35 Concealed to foot of steep slope 32 67 Coal, Pittsburgh (old opening) ...... 8 75 Conemaugh Series (554') Fire clay, concealed, and shale 39 114 Coal, Little Pittsburgh, 8" to 1 115 Shale and concealed 45 160 Shale 5 165 Sandstone, massive, coarse, brown and peb- bly, (Connellsville) 30 195 Concealed 5 200 Coal blossom, Clarksburg 0 200 Concealed to well mouth of Porter No. 1 (670) 35 235 Hattie Porter No. 1 Well Log (670) ) Conductor (surface gravel) 10 245 Red rock (Clarksburg) 20 265 Lime 10 275 Slate, black 30 305 Lime 15 320 Lime, red 20 340 Slate, white 30 370 Lime (10" casing, 140') 5 375 Slate and shells 10 385 Unrecorded 60 445 Coal, Bakerstown 4 449 Sandstone, Little Dunkard (First Cow Run) (Buffalo) 90 539 Slate 50 589 Sandstone, Big Dunkard (Mahoning) 40 629 Allegheny Series (236') Sandstone (show of oil and water), Big Dunkard? (Burning Springs) (Upper Freeport) 100 729 Slate, black (8" casing, 594') 80 809 Slate, black 50 859 Coal, (Clarion) 6 865 Pottsville Series (340') Sand, Salt? (Second Cow Run) (Homewood) 70 935 Slate 50 985 Sand, (gas sufficient to run boiler) Salt (Connoquenessing) 210 1195 Slate, black 10 1205 Lower Carboniferous (755*) Mauch Chunk (210') Slate and shells 30 1235 Sand, white, Maxton? (gas and 15 bailers water) (Sharon) 30 1265 75 ' 125' 249' 180' 236' 340 ' ii6 STRATIGRAPHY GENERAL SECTIONS. Thickness. Total. Lime, Little? Slate, black Red rock Sand, Keener? (Maxton) Lime (Little) Red rock Greenbrier Limestone (60') Big Lime (6" casing, 1250') Pocono Sandstones (485') Sand, Big Injun (gas, sufficient for boiler at 1370'; gas at bottom, 1400') Slate and shells Sand, Squaw Slate and shells Sand, Berea Devonian ( 504 ') Catskill Sandstones (504') Slate and shells Sand, Gantz Slate Sand, pebbly, Fifty-foot Slate and shells Sand, Thirty-foot Slate, white Slate and shells, red Bastard sand Slate, white Brown rock and shells Slate, white Sand, good gas, 10 / 2 ' in sand (Gordon Stray) Slate Sand, (Gordon) Slate, black Sand, gray (Fourth) Slate, black Sand, Fifth Slate to bottom Feet. Feet. 20 1285 20 1306 18 1323 22 1345 40 1385 30 1415 210' 60 1475 60' 160 1635 40 1675 100 1775 150 1925 35 1960 485' 35 1995 35 2030 20 2050 25 2075 15 2090 25 2115 18 2133 45 2178 15 2193 15 2208 40 2248 25 2273 313' 38 2311 10 2321 2 2323 32 2355 12 2367 64 2431 20 2451 13 2464 191' The section is quite interesting, in that complete details are given of the Catskill measures, as well as of the Mauch Chunk and Pottsville. The following section was measured with aneroid from the summit of a high knob by D. B. Reger northward to Limestone run at Adamston : WEST VIRGINIA GEOLOGICAL SURVEY. 117 Section at Adamston, Clark District. Monongahela Series (325') Thickness. Feet. Total. Feet. Shale, brown, capping knob . . . . 25 25 Sandstone 5 30 Concealed . ... 260 290 Coal, Redstone (thickness concealed) . . . 290 Concealed 27 317 Coal, Pittsburgh 8 325 325' Conemaugh Series (150') Concealed and limestone, Clarksburg, Limestone run to 475 150' The following section was obtained 2 miles south 30 degrees east from Clarksburg from the log of a well (676) drilled on the John Cost farm by the Graselli Chemical Company. The latter is authority for the well record. The well mouth is about 200 feet below the level of the horizon of the Pittsburgh coal bed : Section 1.5 Miles Northwest of Quiet Dell, Clark District. Upper Carboniferous ( woo ') Conemaugh and Allegheny (550') Thickness. Feet. Total. Feet. Conductor 14 14 Sand, (Grafton) 70 Slate .... 55 125 Rock (red) 35 160 Slate 205 Sand, (First Cow Run) (Buffalo) 35 240 240' Slate 110 350 Sand .... 10 360 Slate 450 Sand, (Lower Freeport). 475 235' Slate 10 485 Lime 65 550 75. Pottsville Series (450') Sand, (Second Cow Run) (Homewood) 85 635 Lime 37 672 Coal, Upper Mercer 677 127' Sand 25 702 Lime ^ 730 Salt Sand 135 865 Lime 900 Slate 100 1000 323' Lower Carboniferous (795') Mauch Chunk (285') Red rock 1020 Lime 50 1070 Red rock 30 1100 Lime 1150 Red rock 1235 n8 STRATIGRAPHY GENERAL SECTIONS. Thickness. Total. Feet. Feet. Slate 15 1250 Little Lime 1265 Pencil cave . . •. 20 1285 285' Greenbrier Limestone (65') Big Lime Pocono Sandstones (445') 1350 65' Big Injun sand 1460 Red rock 20 1480 Limestone shells 90 1570 Sand and shells (Squaw). 20 1590 Slate and shells 180 1770 Sand, (Berea) 25 1795 445' Devonian (5Jo') Catskill Sandstones (530') Sand and shells 120 1915 Sand, (Fifty-foot) 25 1940 Sand and shells 40 1980 Sand, Gordon? (Thirty-foot) 25 2005 Red rock 2160 Sand, (Gordon) 30 2190 Red rock 2200 Sand, (Fourth?) 45 2245 Slate 41 2286 Sand, Fifth? 30 2316 Slate 9 2325 530' In the section it was not possible to show the dividing line with any degree of accuracy between the Conemaugh and Allegheny series. A streak of red occurs at the base of the top member of the Pocono measures, an unusual feature in this portion of the State. In fact, a very large portion of the Lower Carboniferous rocks in this particular section are red beds. It is barely possible that the Pocono has thinned down to the thickness (110') given for the Big Injun, and if so, the Catskill measures would begin at 1460'. The sand- stones in the latter series would then require re-naming. SIMPSON DISTRICT.— The following section was ob- tained in the north central portion of Simpson district, Harrison county, by combining the log of the J. R. Stout No. 1 well (685), located 1.2 miles due north of Bridgeport and drilled by the Bridgeport Natural Gas & Oil Company, D. H. Gawthrop, Manager, and authority for well record, with an aneroid section measured by the writer from the summit of the hill directly northwest of the well. The top of the hill is 40 to 50 feet below the horizon of the Pittsburgh coal : WEST VIRGINIA GEOLOGICAL SURVEY. m Section 1.2 Miles North of Bridgeport, Simpson District. Upper Carboniferous (1050') Thickness. Total. Conemaugh Series (562') Concealed from top of hill Feet. 70 Feet. 70 Shale, buff 5 75 Coal, Little Clarksburg 2 77 77/ Fire clay 5 82 Concealed to J. R. Stout No. 1 well (685) .... 30 112 (J. R. Stout No. 1 Well Log (685) ) Conductor (top. 1160' BA. T.) 13 125 * Unrecorded 152 277 Coal, (Harlem) 3 280 203' Unrecorded 142 422 Sandstone, Little Dunkard (First Cow (Buffalo) Run) 25 447 Unrecorded 70 517 Sandstone, Big Dunkard (Mahoning)... 45 562 282' Allegheny Series (215') Unrecorded 20 582 Sand, “First Gas?” (Burning Springs) (Upper Freeport) 50 632 Unrecorded 70 702 Sand, “Second Gas”? (“Gas”) (Lower port) Free- 50 752 Unrecorded 25 777 215' Pottsville Series (273') Sand, “Third Gas”? (Second Cow (Homewood) Run) 130 907 Unrecorded and Salt sand 143 1050 273' Lower Carboniferous ( 797 ') Mauch Chunk (362') Red rock 142 1192 Lime, grit, sandstone 45 1237 Red rock 95 1332 Lime 30 1362 Red rock 50 1412 362' Greenbrier Limestone (85') Big Lime 85 1497 85' Pocono Sandstones (360') Sand, Big Injun 120 1617 Unrecorded 230 1847 350' Devonian ( 740 ') Catskiil Sandstones (740') Unrecorded 55 1902 Sand, Fifty-foot (Title gas, 1930'-1987') Unrecorded 200 2102 Sand, Thirty-foot 22 21.24 Unrecorded 10 2134 Sand, Gordon Stray 50 2184 Unrecorded 5 2189 Red rock 10 2199 352' Sand, (Gordon) 8 2207 Red rock 121 2328 Shell 2 2330 120 STRATIGRAPHY GENERAL SECTIONS. Thickness. Total. Feet. Feet. Red rock 32 2362 Sand, (Fourth) 10 2372 Unrecorded 3 2375 Slate * 7 2382 Sand, white (Fifth) 10 2392 Unrecorded and black slate 76 2468 Sand (light gas, 2432') 86 2554 Unrecorded to bottom of hole 33 2587 388' In the above section the identifications in parentheses are by the writer. The Mauch Chunk measures are 77 feet thicker than on Jack run, 4 miles to the northwest, as given in the preceding section. The following section was obtained in the extreme southern part of Simpson district, Harrison county, by com- bining the log of the Coplin Heirs No. 1 well (698A), drilled by the Tri-State Gas Company (authority for record) and located on Brushy fork of Elk creek, one-half mile southeast from Grassland P. O., with a section measured from the summit of a high knob, 0.7 mile southwest of the well. Section One-half Mile Southeast of Grassland, Simpson District. Thickness. Total. Monongahela Series (295') Feet. Feet Concealed from top of knob 265 265 Coal, Redstone 6 271 Concealed 4 275 Limestone, Redstone 3 278 Shale, limy 11 289 Coal, Pittsburgh 5 295 295' Conemaugh Series (565') Concealed 134 429 Coal, Little Clarksburg 1 430 135' Limestone 1 ' Shale, limy 5 ^ Clarksburg . 8 438 Limestone 2 j Concealed to top of Coplin Heirs Well (698A) 32 470 (Coplin Heirs No. 1 Well Log Unrecorded (698A) ) 150 620 Coal, (Harlem) 4 624 194' Unrecorded 178 802 Coal (Brush Creek) 2 804 180' Unrecorded 21 825 Sandstone, Little Dunkard? (Big (Mahoning) Dunkard) 30 855 Unrecorded 5 860 56' WEST VIRGINIA GEOLOGICAL SURVEY. 121 Thickness. Total. Allegheny Series (220') Feet. Feet. Unrecorded 60 920 Sandstone, Big Dunkard? (“Gas”), (Lower Freeport) 60 980 Unrecorded 100 1080 220' Pottsville Series (630') Sand “Gas”? (Second Cow Run) and Salt (no break) 630 1710 630' Lower Carboniferous ( 484 ') Mauch Chunk (48') Lime 10 1720 Red Rock and slate 15 1735 Lime 8 1743 Slate 10 1753 Red Rock 5 1758 48' Greenbrier Limestone (77') Big Lime 77 1835 77' Pocono Sandstone (359') Sand, Big Injun 105 1940 Slate and lime shells 230 2170 Unrecorded 11 2181 Sand, Gantz? (Berea) 13 2194 359' Devonian ( 2304 ') % Catskill Sandstones (686') Slate 21 2215 Sand, (Gantz and Fifty-foot) 137 2352 Slate and shells 118 2470 Red rock 245 2715 Unrecorded 2 2717 Sand, Fifth, broken 32 2749 555' Red rock 31 2780 Slate and shells 100 2880 131' Chemung and Portage (1618') Slate and shells 340 3220 Slate, white 70 3290 Slate and shells ...*.....130 3420 Lime and shells (little gas at top) . . . 370 3790 910' Lime, with occasional break of slate. 130 3920 130' Slate and shells to bottom 578 4498 578' “Changed to wire line at depth of 2530 feet from top of hole.” The section is of much interest in that it goes deeper into the stratified rocks than any yet published for the Doddridge-Harrison area. If to the section we add tfie top portion (100 feet) of the Monongahela series, and 1160 feet for the total thickness of the Dunkard measures as shown by the Alliance section in the northwestern corner of Harrison county, then we obtain a total, exposed at crop, and pene- trated by oil and gas well borings, of 5784 feet. The limestone at 3790' may possibly correlate with the Tnlly limestone at the base of the Upper Devonian as the 122 STRATIGRAPHY GENERAL SECTIONS. . latter is classified by Clark and Schuchert 8 . If so, the basal 578 feet would then represent the Hamilton shales, only a few hundred feet above the Corniferous limestone. Several errors in correlation of the sandstone beds of the Conemaugh and Allegheny series were made by the drillers, but the writer has inserted in parentheses the true names. The Pottsville series, as given in this record is entirely too thick (630'), and this interval doubtless contains several members, and also includes about 300 feet of the Mauch Chunk, the Maxton sand -coming at its base. GRANT DISTRICT. — The following section was ob- tained in the northern portion of Grant district by combining a hand level section measured by D. B. Reger along tfre hill road northwest of Byron, with the log of the Claude Davisson No. 1 well (701), located on Browns creek, one-fourth mile northwest of the town, and drilled by the Weston Gas Com- pany. T. Moore Jackson of Clarksburg, W. Va., is authority for the well record : Section One-fourth Mile Northwest of Byron, Grant District. Upper and Lower Carboniferous ( 229 /) Thickness. Total. Monongahela Series (317') Concealed from top of knob on Grant-Union district line Sand, hard, flaggy, micaceous, Uniontown . . . Sandstone, brown, flaggy. 17'] Shale, red 14 . . Sandstone, shaly 7 J Sandstone) (Arnoldsburg Sandstone, brown, micaceous, flaggy. Limestone, concealed, wood shaly and Limestone Ben- Sandstone, Concealed Sandstone, brown, shaly, micaceous Shale, brown Shale, bituminous (1") (Sewickley coal hori- zon) Shale, brown Feet. Feet. 20 20 11 31 38 69 38 107 27 134 10 144 15 159 10 169 12 181 16 197 6 203 2 205 3 208 0 208 7 215 107' 101' 8. Science, Vol. X; 1899. WEST VIRGINIA GEOLOGICAL SURVEY. 123 Thickness. Total. Feet. Feet. Sandstone, brown, shaly, Lower Sewickley.. 20 235 Concealed 55 290 Coal, Redstone 1 291 Concealed 18 309 Coal, Pittsburgh 8 317 Conemaugh Series (547') Sandstone, soft, Lower Pittsburgh 11 328 Concea^d 13 341 Coal streak, Little Pittsburgh 0 341 Concealed 14 355 Shale, sandy 11 366 Concealed 33 399 Sandstone, Connellsville, to level of Davis- son well (701) 25 424 (Claude Davisson No. 1 Well Log (701) ) Conductor (surface gravel) 10 434 Shale (water 5' below top) 75 509 Sandstone, (Morgantown) 40 549 S’ate 20 569 Sandstone, (Grafton) 25 594 Slate 20 614 Coal, (Harlem) 5 619 Slate 15 634 Sandstone, (Saltsburg) 40 674 Sandstone shells 190 864 Allegheny Series (220') , Sandstone, (Big Dunkard) 60 924 Slate , 90 1014 Sandstone, (Clarion) 50 1064 Slate 20 1084 Pottsville Series and Mauch Chunk (708') Sandstone, (Homewood) . 60 1144 Slate 30 1174 Sandstone (Upper and Lower Connoqueness- ing) 160 1334 Slate, black 220 1554 Red rock 200 1754 Slate 38 1792 Greenbrier Limestone (94') Big Lime (steel line measurement) 94 1886 Pocono Sandstones (411') Sand, Keener 12 1898 Sand, red 11 1909 Sand, white, Big Injun : 73 1982 S’ate 282 2264 Sand, (Berea) 33 2297 Devonian (52/) Catskill Sandstones (527') Slate and shells 17 2314 Sand, (Gantz and Fifty-foot) 185 2499 Red slate and shells 10 2509 Sand, (Thirty-foot) 15 2524 Slate ' 20 2544 Red slate 50 2594 Red and gray sand shel’s 40 2634 83' 26 ' 232' 70' 245' 220 ' 708' 94' 411' 297 ' 124 STRATIGRAPHY GENERAL SECTIONS. Thickness. Total. Feet. Feet. Red slate 40 2674 Slate, white 10 2684 Sand, Fourth 35 2719 Slate, blue 27 2746 Sandstone, brown, with white pebbles (large flow of gas at top; steel line measure- ment) (Fifth) 18 2764 Slate, white, to bottom 60 2824 230 ' The following section was obtained from the log of the C. S. Gribble No. 1 well (708 A), located in the southeastern edge of Grant district, Harrison county, on a branch of Lost creek, one mile south 80° east from Lost Creek station. The record of the well was furnished by the owners, the Lost Creek Oil & Gas Company, through G. M. Gribble. Changes and modifications of the correlation of the different forma- tions by the writer are indicated in parentheses. The well mouth is 15 to 20 feet above the Harlem coal and about 300 feet below the Pittsburgh coal bed : Section One Mile Southeast of Lost Creek, Grant District. (C. S. Gribble No. 1 Well (708A) Log.) Upper Carboniferous ( 920 ') Thickness. Total. Conemaugh Series (330') Feet. Feet. Unrecorded 20 20 Sand 20 40 Red rock 15 55 Lime and shells 20 75 S.ate 10 85 Lime 15 100 Red rock 15 115 Lime, shelly 17 132 Coal, Bakerstown 3 135 Lime 15 150 Slate 10 160 Lime 40 200 Slate 12 212 Lime shells and slate 38 250 Red rock 5 255 Lime shells and slate 45 300 Lime 30 330 Allegheny Series (225') Lime 50 380 Sandstone, Big Dunkard? (“Gas”) (Lower Freeport) 50 430 Coal, Mapletown? (Upper Kittanning) 5 435 135' 195' 105 ' WEST VIRGINIA GEOLOGICAL SURVEY. 125 Thickness. Total. Black s’ate. Lime Pottsville Series (365') Sand 15' ] Slate . . 7 }- (Hgmewood).. . Sand 33 J Slate Sand (water, 650'-655') (Upper Connoque- nessing) Slate Lime Slate, shells and lime Sand, (Salt) Lower Carboniferous (69/) Mauch Chunk (270') Lime Red rock Lime * Sandy lime Red rock, lime, and shells Lime Pencil cave Greenbrier Limestone (60') Big Lime Pocono Sandstones (367') Big Injun sand Slate, lime and shells Lime Slate Lime Slate, lime and shells Lime Slate Black lime and slate Sand, Gantz? (Berea) (gas, 1,000,000 feet)... Devonian ( 540 ') Catskill Sandstones (540') Slate and break Slate Sand, Fifty-foot 18'] Break 2 }► (Fifty-foot) . . Sand 10 J Lime Black slate Thirty-foot sand 35' ] Slate and shells 25 (Thirty-foot) . Hard sand 20 J Lime shells Red rock and lime Red rock Lime Sand, Gordon Feet. Feet. 30 465 80 545 10 555 120' 55 610 5 615 58 673 7 680 30 710 82 792 128 920 365' 20 940 35 975 15 990 35 1025 120 1145 30 1175 15 1190 270' 60 1250 60' 115 1365 35 1400 35 1435 25 1460 30 1490 35 1525 15 1540 10 1550 37 1587 30 1617 367' 14 1631 32 1663 17 1680 27 1707 30 1737 10 1747 3 1750 80 1830 10 1840 60 1900 10 1910 5 1915 298' 5 1920 126 STRATIGRAPHY GENERAL SECTIONS. Thickness. Total. Feet. Feet. Red rock and shells 25 1945 Lime 15 1960 Slate and shells .* 10 1970 Hard,~sandy lime 25 1995 Lime 20 2015 Fourth sand (gas, 2,000,000 feet) 20 2035 Slate 15 2050 Slate, lime and shells 50 2100 Slate 22 2122 Fifth sand (gas, 2,500,000 feet) 28 2150 Slate to bottom 7 2157 242' “Completed July 30, 1910.” ELK DISTRICT. — Elk district occupies the southeast- ern corner of Harrison county. The following section was obtained on Stevens run of Elk creek near the central portion of Elk district and one mile northwest from Romines Mills, by combining a section measured with aneroid by D. B. Reger from, the summit of a high knob one mile due south of Craigmoor P. O., with the log of the A. H. Davisson No. 1 gas well (737), drilled by the Tri-State Gas Company, which is also authority for the record of the well : Section One Mile Northwest of Romines Mills, Elk District. Upper Carboniferous (a? 95 ') Thickness. Total. Monongehela Series (60') Feet. Feet. Concealed from top of knob 30 30 Sandstone 5 35 Coal, (Redstone) (mine in, but abandoned and thickness concealed) 5 40 Concealed 14 54 Coal (visible 12”), Pittsburgh (thickness concealed) (6) 60 60" Conemaugh Series (610') Concea^d 115 175 Sandstone, gray, with iron oxide specks (Connellsville) 20 195 135' Concealed 85 280 Sandstone, concealed and sandstone 65 345 Shale and concealed ‘ 35 380 Shale, green, fossiliferous (Ames) 20 400 Limestone, fossiliferous, (Lower Ames) 1 401 Coal, Harlem 2 403 208' Limestone, good, Ewing 4 407 Shale, red and limy (Pittsburgh) 33 440 Concealed to A. H. Davisson No. 1 well (737) 15 455 (A. H. Davisson No. 1 Well Log ( 737 ) ) Unrecorded 140 595 WEST VIRGINIA GEOLOGICAL SURVEY. 127 Thickness. Total. Feet. Feet. Sandstone, Little Dunkard? (Big Dunkard) (Mahoning) 40 635 Unrecorded 35 670 267' Allegheny Series (225') Unrecorded 15 685 Sandstone, Big Dunkard? (Burning Springs) (Upper Freeport) 50 735 Unrecorded 30 765 Coal (Upper Kittanning) 4 769 99' Unrecorded 126 895 126' Pottsville Series (400') Sand, Salt? (Second Cow Run) (Homewood) (12 bailers water per hour) 50 945 Unrecorded 30 975 Sand, Second Salt? (Salt) (little gas and oil show at top) 160 1135 Unrecorded 20 1155 Sand, Third Salt? (Sharon) 140 1295 400' Lower Carboniferous (7 35 ') Mauch Chunk (295') Red rock 60 13o5 Sand, Maxton 85 1440 Red rock 115 1555 Little Lime 18 1573 Unrecorded 17 1590 295' Greenbrier Limestone (90') Big Lime 90 1680 90' Pocono Sandstones (350') Sand, Big Injun (litUe gas at top) 95 1775 Unrecorded 40 1815 Sand, Squaw 30 1845 Unrecorded 185 2030 350' Devonian ( 77 / 5 ') Catskill, Chemung and Portage (1715') Sand, (probab’y Berea, Gantz and Fifty-foot). 150 2180 Unrecorded 212 2392 362' Sand, Stray? (Gordon) 27 2419 Unrecorded 11 2430 Sand, Gordon? (Fourth) 25 2455 Unrecorded 65 2520 Sand, Fourth? (Fifth) 20 2540 148' Slate and shells 845 3385 Sand shell 1 3386 Slate and lime shells to bottom 359 3745 1205' The section is interesting in that the basal formation reaches almost as low — 3685 feet below the Pittsburgh coal — in the rock column as that given for Grassland on a preceding page of this report. The bottom of the well is over 1000 feet below the base of the Catskill measures and probably not over 1500 feet above the top of the Corniferous limestone. The following section was measured with aneroid by the 128 STRATIGRAPHY GENERAL SECTIONS. writer in the extreme southeastern corner of Harrison county from the summit of a high knob located on the head of Charity fork of Right branch of Gnatty creek on the Harrison- Upshur county line northwestward along the public highway to Peeltree run level, 1.5 miles due east from Johnstown: Section One Mile and a Half East of Johnstown, Elk District. Thickness. Total. Dunkard and Monongahela Series (530') Feet. Feet. Concealed and sandstone from top of knob.. 130 130 Concealed 30 160 Reds 5 165 Sandstone, flaggy 30 195 Concealed 10 205 Reds, dark, limy 5 210 Shale, red 15 225 Shale, blue, sandy 10 235 Concealed 55 290 Reds 5 295 Sandstone, massive 20 315 Sandstone, shaly 10 325 Concealed and shale 15 340 Limestone, gray and hard, slightly silicious, Benwood 15 355 Concealed 5 360 Sandstone, green, medium grained, Upper Sewickley 20 380 Shale, limy, green 20 400 Sandstone, green, micaceous, flaggy, Lower Sewickley 30 430 Shale, gray and limy, and sandstone 20 450 Concealed 22 472 Shale, dark 23 495 Coal blossom, heavy, Redstone 5 500 Concealed 30 530 530' Conemaugh Series (235') Concealed 105 635 Sandstone, with layers of red shale, Con- nellsville 25 660 Shale, red and sandy 5 665 Concealed and shale 29 694 Slate, black, with fossil plants, Little Clarks- burg coal horizon? 1 695 165' Fire clay shale 10 705 Shale, sandy, buff 15 720 Sandstone, massive, green 5 725 Concealed 5 730 Reds, dark with limestone nuggets 30 760 Concealed to road crossing of Peeltree 5 765 70' WEST VIRGINIA GEOLOGICAL SURVEY. 129 The section was measured northwestward along the dip of the strata and for that reason the formations are thicker and the intervals are greater than they should be. The total dip in this direction is almost 75 feet, so that this high knob probably catches 50 to 75 feet of the Dunkard series, and the base of the latter should come near the middle of the 130 feet of measures at the top. SUMMARY. The following table gives not only the thickness of the Upper Carboniferous, Lower Carboniferous and Devonian as exhibited by the foregoing general sections, but it also gives in most cases the thickness of the several series under each. In this table the sections are arranged alphabetically with reference to the nearest town or post office : 130 STRATIGRAPHY GENERAL SECTIONS. s i-H < G o 73 d a i 5 73 •d G o bJD G O ,G CO d H i-s I jj 'S • 05 t>- • O) OO O t> O • CO CO Gq CO t>- ► IT— O- • ^ C<1 ^ C<1 Cq 'O^H^OOiO * H CO • ^ t> l> H LO cq • l> LO lO CO ^ oo ^ O • - *050001^® ‘COCO^tNCOCOt- ■ t>-' ‘lNCq^!N(N W •O^rl^OOOlO rH CO • ^ l> l> H lO U5 lO CO t H CO • CO O 00 O • O • • CO • • CO LO LO • LO • COLO • O • L- rH • in O O • LO LO • LO rHCsq • O • 05 OO • LQ O O • 05 • GO OO l>- t>- . c— • I>- CO •t-COO- • CO CO • ^ CO LO LO • t>- 05 CO • o o» t- • c— ' o o O LO 'OXHI^I>OIOIOOONOW 'COC5HOOOCOOOOOC5(NIOH CO"*f^LO CC (N ^ TfH CO LO OONNO -IOOCOC5 LOCOLOTf • Tf* LO CO CO CD CO LO • CO H« rH • O O • O • CvJ • LO (M • rH • CO CO • CO N • tH • CO H LOlOONO • o L- t— LO C5 GO CO • LO O ^Tfoocoo • o o HH oq 05 CO IN I> LO co O o LO ‘OOCDOOOO^LOOO LOGO 'OLOO^OLOOLOH ^ o in •L'-ooeqTttooLoeqTticD O • CO Oq 05 • rf ^ • cq cq 05 O • O O LO tH • CO CO co cq • co co 05 O • o O ^ • CO CO CO • co • rH O • O O LO O O CO -CO • 00 • CO • rH oq • oq • O LO O LO um rn ^ ux| l'* • * CO CO • i*N (N cq co in cq • cq • cqcq • cq oq • ^ lO lO • • • LO *05 • 00 CM H • • • cq • L- • cqcq cq • • • oq • cq • 00 CO • ® • LO CO • rf • cq io • o • o co h lo lo LO 05 00 »CqC0COO5HCO • LO • LO t>- 05 CO rH H LO LO • LO CO LO LO LO LO * LO • LO LO LO LO LO - LO O CO - CO CO ^ 1 LO CO LO t>» rf< • o 00 LO • t- LO LO • LO lo cq lo cq oo oo CO CO ^ •COt-OHLOOOOOC-05lOO •HH^HCOC0HNCOO5C5 • TjHcoco^co^^TjHcqcqco • LO LO 05 • 05 O O • co oq Tt* OlO-^O lOOCOOLOOO • -COCOH05^000I>^ • ^ ^ CO H (N H ^ CO • LO NO • • o • ® ® • t— LO oq • • ® ® CO • ® ® CO • • lo ® • • lo N CO LO (Oq OO CO • -CO • n 00 • CO H N • • OO CD l> • H LO 00 • • LO LO • • L- H CO ^ H COCO • • Tf • rH *rtHT^OO • • rH CO 00 • H H N • • LO rH • • ^ CO ^ H c$ a ^ 'd << - ■£ a > +-> S JP.SP O PQpqmca o a oc > g o 2o^C t. >> cd pqpqfflO e^g G hP. ffl'So a S o o « £ m a 03 „ ^ 'R 'O w 03 > T3 s C3 13 R 03 «o >» &o^, c g Q 03 O _ ^ g ^ S ® 8 .2 £ c © g H -o? Zui u* I |i o o bo be E tH -rH S_ (h 2 w ^ C 3 3 c ^3p32,Q 3 c a m R o O -h c W W 2^ Cd ® 03 .C? S O WEST VIRGINIA GEOLOGICAL SURVEY. 131 The sections, with others published on subsequent pages, give a maximum thickness of the Carboniferous in this portion of the State of 3950 feet, divided as follows : Upper Carboniferous: Dunkard Series Monongahela Series. Conemaugh Series Allegheny Series Pottsville Series Lower Carboniferous: Mauch Chunk Greenbrier Limestone Pocono Sandstones Feet. 1160 430 600 275 500 2965 feet 350 135 500 985 “ Total 3950 feet. CHAPTER V. STRATIGRAPHY— THE DUNKARD SERIES. The Dunkard series of rocks is the highest division of the Upper Carboniferous of the Appalachian area of North America, and the most recent in formation within the Dod- dridge-Harrison area, except the alluvium along the bottom lands of the rivers and large creeks. This group of rocks was so designated from Dunkard creek, a stream flowing eastward into the Monongahela river in the southwest corner of the State of Pennsylvania, by I. C. White, whose original descrip- tion is as follows 1 : ‘•The uppermost beds are found at the headwaters of Dunkard creek, a large stream which heads near the West Virginia-Pennsylvania line, on the eastern slope of the water-shed separating the Ohio and Monongahela liver drainage systems, and flowing eastward, puts into the Monongahela two miles above Greensboro, Greene county, Penn- sylvania, and four miles north from the West Virginia line. This stream flows over the Permo-Carboniferous rocks from its source to the point at which it leaves the West Virginia line at Mount Morris, Pennsylvania, a distance of more than thirty miles, furnishing very fine exposures of these rocks along its hanks and bluffs; hence the geographical name, Dunkard, which I have given the series.” The series was originally called the Upper Barren meas- ures in the early study of the geology of this region on the supposition that this division of the rock column held no coal beds of economic value. For a long time the series was placed under the compromise term, Permo-Carboniferous, on account of the presence of fossil plants of Permian age in its shales and slates, and the failure to find Permian fauna. The base of the Dunkard series was placed by I. C. White where Permian plants were first observed in the fossil flora, viz., the Cassville shale, just over the Waynesburg coal bed. 1. U. S. G. Survey, Bulletin No. 65, page 20; 1891. WEST VIRGINIA GEOLOGICAL SURVEY. 133 He gives the following description of the Dunkard series in West Virginia 2 : “As exhibited in West Virginia, the rocks of this series consist of a succession of brown and gray sandstones, interstratified with much red shale, many beds of limestone, and several thin, impure and unim- portant coal beds, the entire series being slightly gypsiferous through- out, though no accumulations of gypsum have taken place owing prob- ably to the absence of any considerable thickness of limestone beds. “In Ohio and northern Marshall counties, like Greene and Wash- ington of Pennsylvania, this series holds less red shale and a greater proportion of limestone and gray limy shales than further to the south- west. The coal beds are also more numerous, and the sandstones less massive, the whole resulting in a gentle rolling topography, finely adapted to grazing and agricu’ture, except along the immediate gorges of the streams. “As we pass southwestward, however, the coal beds all disappear except one (the Washington) before we reach the Little Kanawha river, and the limestones with one or two exceptions thin away into great masses of marly red shales, holding only nuggets of lime, while the sandstones thicken up, and, capping the ridges in long lines of cliffs, often make a rugged topography better fitted for grazing and fruit culture than for agriculture. When the massive sandstones dis- appear from the ridges or uplands, however, there frequently occur limited areas of beautiful rolling lands which yield abundant crops, the red marly shales being quite fertile from the disseminated lime- stone nuggets. ‘ The soils formed by the disintegration of the Dunkard beds have the reputation of producing a fine quality of wool in which the fiber is peculiarly firm and strong, so that its area is often known as the “sheep belt” of West Virginia, since probably 90 per cent of the sheep raised in the State are grown upon the outcrops of the Dunkard series. These rocks occupy a belt about 40 to 60 miles in width bordering the Ohio river and extending east from the same over portions or all of the following named counties: Ohio, Marshal 1 ., Wetzel, Tyler, Monon- galia, and Marion (west of the Monongahela river), western Harrison and Lewis, Doddridge, Pleasants, Wood, Wirt, Ritchie, Calhoun, Gilmer, Roane, Jackson, and the uplands of Mason and southern Putnam, but tailing out into a narrow belt, which soon overshoots even the highest hills of Wayne, a short distance east from the Big Sandy river at the Kentucky boundary.” The writer has compiled the following general section of the Dunkard series for West Virginia from a large number of detailed sections of these measures as published in the several reports of the State Geological Survey. Since the publication of the original Dunkard Creek section by I. C. 2. Vol. II., page 101, W. Va. Geol. Survey; 1903. 134 STRATIGRAPHY THE DUNKARD SERIES. White 2 a in 1891, the formations below, the names of which are in parentheses, have been added and described by the writer in the reports of the Marshall-Wetzel-Tyler and Wirt-Roane- Calhoun areas, except the Elm Grove and Bristol limestones. The former was added and described by G. P. Grimsley in the Ohio-Brooke-Hancock report, and the latter by the writer in this report : General Section of the Dunkard Series for West Virginia. Thickness. Total. Feet. Feet. Sandstones, (Proctor) 150 150 Limestone, Windy Gap 5 155 Shale 25 180 Coal, Windy Gap 1 181 181' Fire clay, shale, red and variegated with thin limestones and sandstones 79 260 Sandstone, massive, Gilmore 30 290 Coal, (Gilmore) 1 291 110' Limestone, (Gilmore) 1 292 Shale, variegated and red, with thin sand- stones 93 385 Limestone, (Upper Rockport) 5 390 Sandstone, (Taylor) 30 420 129' Limestone, (Middle Rockport) 5 425 Sandstone and shale, buff and red 30 455 Limestone, (Lower Rockport) 5 460 Shale, sandstone and shale, limy 15 475 Sandstone, massive, coarse brown, Nineveh. 25 500 Shale to 5 505 Coal, Nineveh 1 506 86' Fire clay and limy shale 10 516 Limestone, Nineveh 5 521 Shale, variegated and red 30 551 Sandstone, massive, (Burton) 29 580 Coa ! , Hostetter 1 581 75' Shale, sandy, with thin sandstones 59 640 'Sandstone, massive, Fish Creek 35 675 Coal, (Fish Creek) 1 676 89' Fire clay, shale, sandy and red, with thin sandstones 34 710 Sandstone, massive, (Rush Run) 25 735 Shale, sandy 5 740 Coal, Dunkard 1 741 65' Fire clay, shale, sandy, variegated and red.. 30 771 Sandstone, Jollytown 20 791 Coal, Jollytown - 1 792 51' Fire clay 1 793 Limestone, Upper Washington 4 797 2a. Bull. No. 65, U. S. G. Survey, page 22. WEST VIRGINIA GEOLOGICAL SURVEY. 135 Thickness. Total. Feet. Feet. Shale, limy 5 802 Sandstone, (Hundred) 35 837 Coal, (Hundred) 1 838 46' Fire clay, shale, red and variegated 35 873 Sandstone, (Upper Marietta) 50 923 Coal, Washington “A” 1 924 86' Red Shale (Creston) 60 984 Limestone, Middle Washington 5 989 Sandstone, (Lower Marietta) 40 1029 Limestone, Lower Washington 2 1031 Coal, Washington 3 1034 110' Fire clay shale, (Washington) 8 1042 Limestone, (Bristol) 2 1044 Sandstone, Washington 10 1054 Coal, Little Washington 1 1055 Shale 5 1060 Sandstone, Mannington — Waynesburg “B” coal horizon near middle 45 1105 Shale 4 1109 Coal, Waynesburg “A" 1 1110 76' Fire clay and shale 3 1113 Limestone, Mount Morris 2 1115 Shale 12 1127 Sandstone, coarse, brown and pebbly, Waynesburg 45 1172 Limestone, dark flaggy, Elm Grove 3 1175 Shale, Cassville 5 1180 70' Coal, Waynesburg. The Dunkard series of rocks crops over almost the entire area of Doddridge county and over a large portion of the western half of Harrison. The extent of this group of rocks in the area under discussion is graphically shown on the General and Economic Geology map accompanying this re- port. There it will be noted that the series passes into the air along the crest of the Chestnut Ridge anticline and along the crest of the Wolf Summit arch south from Tenmile creek. In the extreme southeastern corner of Harrison some of the high knobs on the Upshur county line catch a few acres of the Dunkard rocks in their summits. In the Doddridge-Harrison area, the Dunkard series con- sists of sandstones, sandy shales, limestones, limy shales, red shales and only three or four thin coal beds. The character- istic red shales appear in all sections observed by the writer. Most of the limestones of Marshall, Wetzel and Monongalia counties, have in the area under discussion turned into marly 136 STRATIGRAPHY THE DUNKARD SERIES. red shales with nuggets of limestone scattered throughout. The maximum thickness of these measures left uneroded (about 1160 feet) occurs in the northwestern corner of Harrison county. There the log of the E. L. Piggott No. 1 well (321) which starts 45 feet (hand-level measurement) below the summit of a high knob, reports the Pittsburgh coal bed at a depth of 1498 feet. The thickness of the Monon- gahela series there is about 390 feet, so that 1160 feet of the Dunkard measures must be represented, and the knob must be capped by the Proctor sandstone group. DODDRIDGE COUNTY SECTIONS, DUNKARD SERIES. Several sections of the Dunkard series in Doddridge county are given in Chapter IV of this report. In addition several scattered sections of this group of rocks will now be given. The following section was measured by D. B. Reger southeast along the hill road on the head of a branch of Broad run. Section Two Miles North of Ashley, McClellan District. Thickness. Feet. Concealed from summit of high knob (base, 1246' L-A. T.) 150 Shale, red Shale, brown Sandstone Concealed Sandstone, soft, friable, (Nineveh?) Concealed, mostly red shale Sandstone, flaggy, soft, brown, micaceous. (Burton?) Sandstone, shaly Sandstone, red Sandstone, shaly Shale, red Sandstone, shaly Shale, red Sandstone, shaly (Fish Creek) 5 20 10 5 20 60 15 5 5 15 20 5 10 10 Total. Feet, ' 150 155 175 185 190 210 270 285 290 295 810 330 335 345 355 210 ' 75' 70 ' WEST VIRGINIA GEOLOGICAL SURVEY. 13? Thickness. Total. Feet. Feet. Shale, variegated 20 375 Concealed 15 390 Shale, brown 15 405 Sandstone, fine, green, flaggy (Jollytown) ... 10 415 Concealed 5 420 Coal blossom, streak, (.lollytown?) 0 420 05' Shale, green 2 422 Concealed .' 3 425 Sandstone, shaly (Hundred?) 5 430 Shale, variegated to foot of hill road 25 455 35' The base of the section is 700 to 750 feet above the horizon of the Pittsburgh coal bed ; hence the formation 420 feet from the top appears to correlate with the Jollytown coal horizon, since at its type locality the latter bed comes 750 to 775 feet above the Pittsburgh seam. The following very interesting section was measured by D. B. Reger with aneroid in the southeastern corner of McClellan district westward from the summit of a high knob and along the public road leading down Elkhorn run, two miles northeast of Cascara P. O. : Section Two Miles Northeast of Cascara P. O., McClellan District. Thickness. Total. Feet. Feet. Sandstone, capping knob, coarse, soft, mica- ceous, brown and mottled (Proctor).... 20 20 Concealed 10 30 Fire clay, (Windy Gap coal horizon) 5 35 35' Concealed 15 50 Sandstone, fine grained, hard 10 60 Shale, red 5 65 Sandstone, very fine grained, flaggy, mica- ceous 25 90 Concealed and red shale 15 105 Sandstone, greenish gray and flaggy 25 130 Concealed and red shale 20 150 Sandstone, buff, friable (Gilmore) 25 175 Concealed 17 192 157' Fire clay (Gilmore coal horizon) 3 195 Shale, brown 20 215 Sandstone 5 220 Shale, red 10 230 Sandstone, flaggy, (Taylor) 20 250 Shale, red 10 260 Sandstone 5 265 Reds and concealed to road at low gap 80 345 138 STRATIGRAPHY THE DUNKARD SERIES. Thickness. Total. Feet. Feet. Sandstone, green, flaggy, fine grained (Nin- eveh) 25 370 178' Concealed 45 415 Sandstone, hard, micaceous, green and fine.. 5 420 Shale, gray (plant fossils, mostly ferns).... 1 421 Concealed 29 450 Sha’e, red 10 460 Concealed and brown shale 30 490 Sandstone, hard, green, fine 5 495 Shale, brown 5 500 Fire clay, streak 0 500 Shale, red 20 520 Sandstone, shaly 5 525 Concealed 10 535 Shale, brown 10 545 Sandstone, flaggy (Rush Run) 50 595 Coal biossom (1"), Dunkard 0 595 225' Fire clay, yellow, and shale 5 600 Shale, red, to level of Jamison Hutson No. 1 well (43) < 30 630 Interval (calculated from w'ells Nos. 21 and 43) 390 1020 Coal, Waynesburg. The section reaches 30 feet above the horizon of the Windy Gap coal, the latter being the highest known bitumin- ous formation yet observed in the Carboniferous rocks of the Appalachian area. The formation 595 feet from the top comes 805 feet above the Pittsburgh coal, which interval checks closely for the horizon of the Dunkard coal at its type locality. The section lacks 140 feet of reaching as high up in the Dunkard series as the high knob in the northwest corner of Harrison county on which the E. L. Piggott No. 1 well (321) is located. However, the uppermost formation appears to correlate with the lower ledge of the Proctor sand- stones. The following section of the Dunkard series was meas- ured with aneroid by the writer northwest along the hill road to Long run of Arnolds creek, one-fourth mile southwest of Orontes P. O. : WEST VIRGINIA GEOLOGICAL SURVEY. 139 Section 1.5 Miles Northwest of Central Station, Central District. Thickness. Total. Feet. Feet. Concealed from top of knob 140 140 Sandstone, flaggy, along road (Rush Run).. 15 155 Concealed 35 190 Reds 5 195 Sandstone, shaly (Jollytown) 20 215 Reds 10 225 225' Fire clay shale (Jollytown coal horizon at top) 5 230 Reds, dark, with limestone nuggets, top 13 243 Sandstone 2 245 Shale, red 22 267 Sandstone, shaly 3 270 Shale, red 25 295 Fire clay and red shale 5 300 Concealed 25 325 Sandstone, massive (Upper Marietta) 32 357 132' Concealed 3 360 Shale, dark (6") 0 360 Unrecorded 67 427 Coal, Washington (Base is 845' L-A. T.) 3 430 73' Interval 130 560 130' Coal, Waynesburg. The Washington coal bed has been correctly identified and for that reason the formations at 140', 225' and 325' from the top have been correlated with the horizons of the Rush Run sandstone, Jollytown coal, and Upper Marietta sandstone, respectively. The following section of the Dunkard series was meas- ured with aneroid by the writer in the extreme southern point of New Milton district northward along the hill road leading down a branch of Roberts fork of Little Indian fork, two miles southwest of Coldwater P. O.: Section Two Miles Southwest of Coldwater P. O., New Milton District. Thickness. Total. Feet. Feet. Concea^d from summit of high knob on west 100 100 Sandstone, coarse, brown, flaggy (Jollytown) 40 140 Concealed, most’y sandstone 10 150 Shale, red and concealed 10 160 Sandstone 20 180 Shale, red 5 185 Sandstone, forms steep bluff (Hundred).... 35 220 140 STRATIGRAPHY THE DUNKARD SERIES. Thickness. Total. Concealed Sandstone Concealed Shale, red Feet. 5 Feet. 260 275 320 325 Sandstone, Lower Marietta 345 Shale, red 350 Concealed 377 Coal, Washington 3 380 Interval Coal, Waynesburg. 130 510 130' The heavy sandstone, 240 feet above the base of the Washington coal, appears to correlate with the Jollytown ledge which has a tendency to become quite massive south- westward from Greene county, Penna. The following section of the Dunkard series was meas- ured with aneroid by the writer in the east end of Greenbrier district northward along the hill road, three-fourths mile southwest from Big Isaac : Section Three-fourths Mile Southwest of Big Isaac, Greenbrier District. Thickness. Total'. Feet. Feet. Concealed and sandstone from summit of high knob 145 145 Fire clay and huff sha^ 15 160 Sandstone, forms bluff, Lower Marietta 15 175 Concealed 20 195 Coal blossom, Washington 0 195 Concealed and shale 30 225 Sandstone, massive, coarse brown, Manning- ton 40 265 Fire clay, (Waynesburg “A” coal horizon) . . 0 265 Concealed and sandstone, Waynesburg 45 310 Shale, sandy, Cassville 5 315 Coal, Waynesburg. 195' 120 ' HARRISON COUNTY SECTIONS, DUNKARD SERIES. The following section of the Dunkard series was ob- tained in the extreme northwest corner of Harrison county by combining the log of the E. L. Piggott No. 1 well (321) as furnished by the Southern Oil Company with a hand-level section measured by the writer. In this well the top of the Pittsburgh coal was encountered at 1498 feet, the greatest WEST VIRGINIA GEOLOGICAL SURVEY. 141 depth to this horizon of any well yet reported to the State Geological Survey office. The thickness of the Monongahela series there should be about 390 feet ; hence, the base of the Dunkard series should occur at a depth of 1115 feet: Section One-half Mile Northwest of Alliance P. O., Sardis District. Thickness. Total. Feet. Feet. Coucealed, mostly sandstone (Proctor), cap- ping knob to E. L. Piggott No. 1 well (321) 45 45 (E. L. Piggott No. 1 Well Log (321) ) Unrecorded 1115 1160 Waynesburg coal horizon. The above (1160 feet) is the greatest thickness reached by the Dunkard series in the two counties, and lacks only 20 feet of being as great as yet recorded for these measures in the State. The Steels Run section of Wetzel county, as pub- lished by the writer on page 106 of the Marshall-Wetzel-Tyler report, gives the series a thickness of 1180 feet. The following section of the Dunkard series was meas- ured with aneroid by the writer in the northwestern corner of Eagle district northeastward along the hill road, located one mile and a half southwest of Margaret P. O. : Section 1.5 Miles Southwest of Margaret P. O., Eagle District. Thickness. Total. Feet. Feet. Concealed from summit of knob to road at low gap '(U. S. 1323' L-A. T.) 200 200 Concea’ed along road 50 250 Sandstone, shaly (Burton) 20 270 270' Concealed 30 300 Shale, sandy 20 320 Fire clay and concealed 15 335 Shale, red 5 340 Concealed and fire clay 9.5 349.5 Coal (6"), Fish Creek 0.5 350 80' Fire clay shale 5 355 Sandstone, rounded 5 360 Shale, sandy 10 370 Concealed to C. L. Starkey No. 1 well (541). 50 420 Interval 386 806 456' Coal, Waynesburg horizon. 142 STRATIGRAPHY THE DUNKARD SERIES. According to the log of the C. L. Starkey well (541), the Pittsburgh coal was encountered at a depth of 770 feet ; hence, the formation 3495' from the top of the section comes 840 to 850 feet above that coal, and most probably correlates with the Fish Creek coal. The basal formation was not recorded in the well, but its horizon was determined on the assump- tion of a thickness of 390 feet for the Monongahela measures for this region. The following section of the Dunkard series was meas- ured by D. B. Reger in the western part of Sardis district with aneroid from the summit of a high knob on the head of Rockcamp run : Section One Mile Northwest of Fonda, Sardis District. Thickness. Total. Sandstone, buff, coarse, friable, capping knob, Lower Proctor Sha’e, brown Sandstone, coarse brown, micaceous Concealed Sandstone, brown Shale, brown Sandstone, brown, micaceous Concealed Shale, red Sandstone, green Shale, red Sandstone, shaly Shale, red Sandstone, shaly Shale, red Sandstone, shaly Concealed and red shale Sandstone, shaly Concealed and red shale Sandstone, shaly Concealed Sandstone Shale, brown Concealed Shale, brown Concealed to Henry Stewart No. 1 well (358) Interval Feet. Feet. 65 65 15 80 25 105 5 110 25 135 5 140 15 155 5 160 20 . 180 5 185 5 190 15 205 15 220 5 225 10 235 10 245 20 265 10 275 20 295 15 310 5 315 5 320 15 335 75 410 20 430 25 455 570 1025 Waynesburg coal horizon. The Survey was unable to obtain the log of the Henry Stewart No. 1 well (358) to which the section is connected, WEST VIRGINIA GEOLOGICAL SURVEY. 143 but the horizon of the basal formation is estimated from the position of the structure contours of the Pittsburgh coal bed. The well mouth is 1160'B — A. T. There is not much doubt but that the great sandstone (formation No. 1) at the top of the section correlates with one of the Proctor sandstones, probably representing the lower ledge of that group. DESCRIPTION OF THE DUNKARD FORMATIONS. The several formations of the Dunkard series will now be described in detail, and for comparative purposes, a brief account will be given of other type formations of this series that appear to be absent in the area under discussion. The Proctor Sandstones. The topmost beds of the Dunkard series so far as known and described, consisting of sandy beds and coarse, brown, micaceous and friable massive sandstones separated by red shales, and having a total thickness of about 150 feet, have been designated by the writer 3 the Proctor sandstones from the magisterial district of that name in north central Wetzel county, West Virginia, in which they crop close the summit of a high knob near West P. O. In the area under discussion their crop is confined to the summits of a few of the highest knobs along the Harrison- Wetzel and Harrison-Doddridge county lines. The sections given for Cascara and Fonda (pages 137 and 142) include the basal portion of the Proctor sandstone group, while that for Alliance (page 141) includes almost the entire series. The Windy Gap Limestone. The next recognized formation of the series in descending order is the Windy Gap limestone. Its horizon is immediately under the Proctor sandstone group. It was so named by I. C. White 4 from its ocurrence near Windy Gap, a “divide” sepa- 3. Marsha T l-Wetzel Tyler Report, p. 167; 1909. 4. Bull. 65, p 30, U. S. Geol. Survey; 1891. 1 44 STRATIGRAPHY THE DUNKARD SERIES. rating Laurel branch of Fish creek from Wheeling creek, Springhill township, Greene county, Penna., where it is dark bluish . in color, weathering to a light gray, and aggregates 8 to 10 feet in thickness. The only place in the area that the horizon of the Windy Gap limestone crops is along the dividing ridge between the two counties, and if present there, the ledge is effectually con- cealed by debris at all points visited. In Wetzel county it belongs about 1300 feet over the Pittsburgh coal bed, but in Doddridge and Harrison it probably comes 1350 to 1375 feet above the same datum, due largely to the increase in thick- ness of the Monongahela series in this region. The Windy Gap Coal. The Windy Gap coal is the highest — geologically — known and described bituminous formation in the Appalachian coal field and likewise in West Virginia. It has been so named by I. C. White 5 from the type locality of the Windy Gap limestone where it occurs 25 to 30 feet below the latter stratum. The crop of this coal bed is confined to practically the same area in the two counties as given for the limestone above. In the section given for Cascara, page 137, the forma- tion 30 feet from the top appears to correlate with the Windy Gap coal horizon, although no coal was observed by Mr. Reger at this point. The sections given for Alliance and One Mile northwest of Fonda, pages 141 and 142, respect- ively, reach above the horizon of this bed, yet it is effectually concealed at the former place, and if present in the latter, it belongs in the concealed interval 80 feet from the top. In the Fonda section the Windy Gap limestone has apparently dis- appeared from the measures. 5. Bull. 65, U. S. Geol. Survey, page 31; 1891. WEST VIRGINIA GEOLOGICAL SURVEY. 145 The Gilmore Sandstone. The Gilmore sandstone is the next important stratum in descending order in the Dunkard series and has been so designated by J. J. Stevenson from the township of that name in Greene county, Penna., where it is conspicuous in a long line of cliffs near the summits of the hills. It is a massive bed of coarse, yellowish brown sandstone, whose cliffs are frequently traversed by fissures that often furnish a refuge for foxes, and for that reason it is sometimes called the “Fox Rocks”. There it is 215 feet above the Nineveh coal and 1190 to 1200 feet above the Pittsburgh bed. In the Doddridge-Harrison area the crop of this stratum is confined to near the summits of the high hills along the axis of the Burchfield syncline north of McElroy creek, and the axis of the Robinson syncline northward from the latitude of Salem, where it frequently forms an escarpment around the hill sides. In the Cascara section, page 137, it has an exposed thickness of 25 feet as exhibited by the formation 150 feet from the top, coming 1225 feet above the Pittsburgh coal bed. No quarries on this stratum were seen. The Gilmore Coal. Immediately at the base of the Gilmore sandstone there sometimes occurs a thin streak of coal that has been named by the writer 6 the Gilmore from its association with the sand- stone above. Its horizon is 215 to 230 feet over the Nineveh coal and 1190 to 1210 feet above the Pittsburgh bed. In the Doddridge-Harrison area the crop of this stratum is confined to the same area as given for the Gilmore sand- stone above, but no coal was observed at this horizon at any point in the two counties. The section given for Cascara, page 137, records 3 feet of fire clay as revealed by the forma- tion 195 feet from the top, that apparently occurs at the horizon of the Gilmore coal, coming as it does 1205 feet over the Pittsburgh coal bed. 6. W. Va. God Survey, Marshall- Wetzel-Tyler Report, pp. 172-173; 1909. 146 STRATIGRAPHY THE DUNKARD SERIES. The Gilmore Limestone. In the vicinity of Littleton and Uniontown, Wetzel county, and near Oak Forest M. E. church, one-fourth . mile east of St. Cloud, Monongalia county, there occurs 6 inches to 1 foot of dark gray and slightly silicious limestone that has been designated the Gilmore by the writer 7 from its association with the overlying coal and sandstone. It was not observed at any point in the Doddridge-Harrison area, but its horizon crops over the same area as that outlined for the sandstone of that name above. The Upper, Middle and Lower Rockport Limestones. In the 150 to 200 feet of measures that intervene between the Gilmore Limestone and the Nineveh coal there some- times occurs a series of limestone ledges that have been designated by the writer on page 143 of the report on Wirt, Roane and Calhoun counties, the Upper Rockport, Middle Rockport and Lower Rockport, from their fine development near the village of Rockport in southern Wood county, W. Va. The reader is referred to that Report for their descrip- tion, and the section given on page 46. In the Doddridge-Harrison area the crop of the horizon of these limestones is confined to the high hills in the north- west portions of the two counties along the axes of the Burchfield and Robinson synclines. There, however, they have apparently been replaced by red sandy beds. The Taylor Sandstone. On Taylor run in Greene county, Penna., a very persist- ent sandstone occurs in the Dunkard series, 120 feet below the Gilmore sandstone and 70 feet above the Nineveh coal 7. W. Va. Geol. Survey, Marshall W WEST VIRGINIA GEOLOGICAL SURVEY. 147 bed, that has been designated by the writer 5 the Taylor from that locality. In the Doddridge-Harrison area its crop is confined to the dividing ridge between the waters of Middle Island creek and West Fork river northward from the latitude of Salem, along the axis of the Robinson syncline. Likewise along the axis of the Burchfield syncline northward from McElroy creek. In the Cascara section, page 137, this stratum is evidently represented by the formation 230 feet from the top. There it is 20 feet thick and flaggy, coming 1150 feet above the Pittsburgh coal bed. No quarries were noted at this horizon. The Nineveh Sandstone. At 40 to 50 feet below the Taylor another great sand- stone that has a wide persistence comes into the measures. It has been designated the Nineveh sandstone by I. C. White from its development a few feet above a coal of that name near the village of Nineveh, Greene county, Penna. In the Doddridge-Harrison area its crop is confined to the high hills along the Burchfield and Robinson synclinal basins. It is apparently this stratum that forms the great clififs and “Devil's Tea Table” rock one-half mile southwest of the low gap traversed by the Northwestern turnpike, 1^4 miles southeast of Greenwood. There it is 40 feet thick, coarse, and brown with small pebbles of limestone, to 1 inch in diameter, scattered throughout, and comes 450 feet above the Washington coal. No quarries were observed at this horizon. The Nineveh Coal. A short distance, 5 to 20 feet, below the base of the Nineveh sandstone there frequently occurs a thin coal bed in northern West Virginia, that has been designated the Nineveh coal by J. J. Stevenson from a village of that name 8. Marshall-Wetzel-Tyler Rept., W. Va., Geol. Survey, page 173; 1909. I48 STRATIGRAPHY THE DUNKARD SERIES. in Greene county, Penna., near which place it crops to the surface. In eastern Wetzel county its horizon is 325 feet below the Windy Gap coal and 990 to 1000 feet over the Pittsburgh coal. In the Doddridge-Harrison area this coal appears to be absent from the measures, since no coal was observed at or close to its horizon in the two counties. In the Cascara sec- tion, page 137,. its horizon belongs in the concealed interval at 421 to 450 feet from the top. Its crop is confined to the same area as outlined for the Nineveh sandstone. The Nineveh Limestone of Stevenson was not observed in the Doddridge-Harrison area, since its horizon was effectually concealed by debris at all points visited while in the field. The Burton Sandstone. In the northern end of the State there occurs a very persistent stratum that has been designated the Burton sand- stone by the writer 9 from a town of that name in north- eastern Wetzel county near which place it is a prominent topographical feature. In the Doddridge-Harrison area this sandstone often forms an escarpment around the hillsides along the axes of the Burchfield and Robinson synclines. In the section given for Margaret in the northwestern corner of Harrison, page 141, the formation 250 feet from the top apparently correlates with the Burton sandstone, coming as it does 80 feet over the Fish Creek coal, and 920 to 930 feet above the Pittsburgh coal. No quarries were observed in this stratum. The Hostetter coal bed, 6 to 18 inches in thickness, comes immediately at the base of the Burton sandstone, near Burton, Wetzel county, W. Va., but no coal was observed at this horizon in the Doddridge-Harrison area. The thin coals of the Dunkard series mostly disappear southwestward from Monongalia and Wetzel counties, or if present, their horizons are effectually concealed by debris. 9. Marsliall-Wetfcel-Tyler Report, W. Va., Geol. Survey, page 145; 1909. WEST VIRGINIA GEOLOGICAL SURVEY. 149 The Fish Creek Sandstone. In southwestern Greene county, Penna., and north- eastern Wetzel county, W. Va., there occurs a widely per- sistent massive sandstone, 40 to 50 feet below the Hostetter coal and 840 to 850 feet above the Pittsburgh bed, that has been designated the Fish Creek sandstone by J. J. Stevenson from its crop in a great cliff near Deep Valley, Springhill township, Greene county, Penna. A detailed description of this stratum is given by the writer on pages 185-187 and 593-594 of the Marshall-Wetzel-Tyler report of the W. Va. Geological Survey. In the Doddridge-Harrison area the crop of this stratum is confined to the hills and ridges in the deep Burchfield and Robinson structural basins, along which it frequently forms a prominent escarpment. No quarries on this sandstone were noted. The Fish Creek Coal. Immediately at the base of the great Fish Creek sand- stone in the vicinity of Littleton, Wetzel county, W. Va., there occurs a double bedded coal seam, that has been desig- nated by the writer 11 the Fish Creek coal from a stream of that name on which it has been mined both at Littleton and near Deep Valley, Greene county, Penna. It was formerly correlated with the Dunkard coal, 45 to 50 feet lower in the measures, but for reasons that will appear in the reference at the bottom of this page, it has been shown to represent a separate and distinct coal bed. In the Doddridge-Harrison area it crops around the hill- sides in the Burchfield and Robinson synclines, but passes below drainage in the northwestern corner of Harrison county near Rinehart station. One-half mile southeast of the latter place, and along the east edge of the public high- way, the following section of the Fish Creek coal was meas- ured by the writer: 11. Marshall-Wetzel-Tyler Rept., W. Va. Geol. Sur., pp. 187-191; 1909. 150 STRATIGRAPHY THE DUNKARD SERIES. Feet. Inches. 1. Sandstone, massive, Fish Creek 30 0 2. Shale, buff 2 0 3. Shale, dark 0' 1" ] 4. Shale, soft gray... 1 3 | 5. Shale, dark 0 1 {-Fish Creek... 4 1 6. Shale, soft gray...l 8 | 7. Coal 1 0 J 8. Fire clay and concealed to creek level. 8 0 Formations Nos. 3-6 inclusive may not really be a part of this coal bed. In the southern portion of New Milton district, Doddridge county, one foot of dark shale and fire clay crops along the hill road slightly over a mile due south of May P. O. that appears to correlate with the Fish Creek coal, coming as it does at the base of a heavy sandstone and about 860 feet above the Pittsburgh coal bed. The Rush Run Sandstone. At 20 to 30 feet under the Fish Creek coal there occurs a persistent stratum in western Monongalia and northeast- ern Wetzel counties that has been designated the Rush Run sandstone by the writer 12 from a stream of that name near Hundred, Wetzel county, along which it crops and forms a prominent bluff. It was formerly correlated with the Fish Creek ledge, 20 to 30 feet higher in the measures, but was found to represent a separate and distinct ledge as will appear on pages 185-187 and 191-192 of the reference quoted in foot note No. 12. In the Doddridge-Harrison area the crop of the Rush Run sandstone is confined to the hills in the Burchfield and Robinson synclines. In western Doddridge, the section given for Central Station, page 139, exhibit this stratum 15 feet in thickness, 272 feet above the Washington coal bed. In the eastern portion of the county, the Cascara section, page 137, gives this sandstone a thickness of 50 feet, 805 feet above the Pittsburgh coal bed. No quarries on it were seen in either county. / 12. Marshall-Wetzel-Tyler Rept., W. Va., Geol. Survey, pp. 191- 192; 1909. WEST VIRGINIA GEOLOGICAL SURVEY. 151 The Dunkard Coal. From a few inches to 20 feet below the Rush Run sand- stone in eastern Wetzel and western Monongalia counties there occurs a double bedded coal that has been designated the Dunkard by J. J. Stevenson from a stream of that name along which it crops in Greene county, Penna. There it comes 800 feet above the Pittsburgh coal bed, according to the log of the Frederick H. Hennen gas well, one mile west of Hero P. O. This coal was noted at only one point in the Doddridge- Harrison area. The Cascara section, page 137, calls for one inch of this bed, 805 feet above the Pittsburgh coal. At several other points in the area it is represented by only a streak of fire clay at that horizon. The Jollytown Sandstone. In the 40 to 50 feet of measures that intervene between the Dunkard coal and the Jollytown bed next below there frequently occurs a massive sandstone at only 5 to 10 feet above the latter coal. This stratum has been designated by J. J. Stevenson 13 the Jollytown sandstone from its associa- tion with the coal of that name, in Fayette county, Pa. It has been more fully described near the type locality of the Jollytown coal by the writer on pages 196-197 of the Marshall-Wetzel-Tyler Report of the State Survey. On the pages mentioned of the latter report the writer erroneously assumed credit for naming this sandstone, and only just recently ascertained the mistake. It is worth mentioning, however, that Mr. Stevenson merely notes a sandstone over- lying the Jollytown coal and does not name the formation in the text, but refers to it under that name in the index of the report only. In the Doddridge-Harrison area its crop is confined largely to the hills and valleys of the Burchfield and Robin- son structural basins. In northern Doddridge it is noted in 13. Report KK, pp. 226-227, Sec. Geol, Survey of Pa. 152 STRATIGRAPHY THE DUNKARD SERIES. both the Ashley and Big Battle sections, pages 136 and 74, where it has a thickness of 10 and 33 feet, respectively. It is also noted in the sections given for Central Station and Two Miles Southwest of Coldwater, pages 139 and 139, where it has a thickness of 20 and 40 feet, coming 215 and 240 feet above the base of the Washington coal, respectively. No quarries on it were observed in the area. The Jollytown Coal. At 40 to 50 feet below the Dunkard coal in southwestern Pennsylvania and northern West Virginia, there occurs another bed that has been designated the Jollytown coal by J. J. Stevenson from its outcrop in a village of that name in Greene county, Penna. In the Doddridge-Harrison area the crop of the coal is confined to practically the same region as outlined for the Jollytown sandstone. The writer measured the following section at an exposure of this bed on Middle fork of Little Tenmile creek, three-fourths mile northwest from Wallace: Feet. Inches. 1. Sandstone, shaly, Jollytown. . ... 2. Shale, sandy 3. Shale, dark ..r o"( 4. Coal , .0 8 j 5. Fire clay. There, according to the log of the L. E. Bartlett No. 1 well (342), it comes about 800 feet above the Pittsburgh coal bed, and, since the latter interval is slightly excessive, the coal of the section may possibly represent the Dunkard seam. It does not attain minable thickness within the area under discussion; hence, the bed has no economic value. The Upper Washington Limestone, coming from a few inches to 5 feet under the Jollytown coal in western Monon- galia and eastern Wetzel counties, and 2 to 5 feet in thick- ness, was not seen in the Doddridge-Harrison area, this lime- stone having apparently been replaced by sandy beds and shales. WEST VIRGINIA GEOLOGICAL SURVEY. 153 The Hundred Sandstone. At 10 to 15 feet under the Jollytown coal in eastern Wetzel county there occurs a massive sandstone, 25 to 30 feet thick, that has been quarried for building purposes 2 miles west from Hundred from which place it has been named the Hundred sandstone by the writer. 14 . The Hundred sandstone crops over most of the area of Doddridge and the western part of Harrison. In the section given for West Union, page 79, with the included reds it has a thickness of 35 feet, coming 175 feet above the Wash- ington coal and 706 feet, above the Pittsburgh bed. In southern Doddridge, the Grove and Two Miles Southwest of Coldwater sections, pages 84 and 139, give this stratum a thickness of 20 feet, 160 and 140 feet above the base of the Washington coal bed, respectively. There is some doubt, however, as to the correlation of this stratum in the latter section as mentioned therewith. No quarries in this stratum were seen in either county. The Hundred coal disappears southwestward from Wetzel county, since no coal was observed at this horizon in the Doddridge-Harrison area. The Upper Marietta Sandstone. In the northern end of the State the interval between the Hundred sandstone and the Washington coal is nearly always occupied by two great sandstone ledges (Upper and Lower) that were named in early reports the Marietta sand- stones from their occurrence near Marietta, Ohio, where they along with the Hundred sandstone have been quarried for grindstones 15 . In Doddridge county this rock is a very prominent topographic feature and forms escarpments around the hill sides over most of its area. It has a thickness ranging from 14. Marshall-Wetzel-Tyier Rept., W. Va. Geol. Survey, pp. 214-215; 1909. 15. Wirt-Roane-Calhoun Rept. W. Va. Geol. Survey, p. 131; 1911. 154 STRATIGRAPHY THE DUNKARD SERIES. 25 to 50 feet and occurs 100 to 125 feet above the base of the Washington coal bed. Its thickness and relative position to other strata in this county is exhibited in the sections for Sedalia, Numan, West Union, Glenwood, Grove, St. Clara, and Coldwater, published on preceding pages of this report. It is the stratum that forms the cliff on the head of Franks run of McElroy creek near the Chas. Edgell No. 1 well (57). There, according to D. B. Reger, it is 30 feet thick and its base has an elevation of 945 feet above tide. It also forms the cliffs 30 feet high along the public road, one mile and a quarter due north of Ashley P. O. In the southern edge of New Milton district, the Upper- Marietta sandstone forms cliffs 50 feet high on the head of Brushy fork of Meathouse fork, one-half mile southwest from May P. O. There its base has an elevation of slightly over 1000 feet above tide. The sandstone has been quarried for steps, chimneys, etc., for local supply on the north side of the public road, one-half mile east of Grove P. O., where its base has an elevation of slightly over 1100 feet above tide, and its thick- ness ranges from 40 to 50 feet. In Harrison county the crop of the Upper Marietta sand- stone is confined to a belt running northeast and southwest along the western flank of the Wolf Summit anticline, pass- ing between Wallace and Brown on the W. Va. Short Line Branch of the B. & O. Railroad; and to another belt along the Harrison-Marion county line from Margaret P. O. east- ward to near the longitude of Pine Bluff on Bingamon creek. The sections for Brown and Deweytown, pages 90 and 97, exhibit its thickness and relative position to other formations of the Dunkard series. At the latter place it is somewhat shaly, 44 feet in thickness and 115 feet above the base of the Washington coal. The Washington “A” Coal. From a few inches to 10 feet below the base of the Upper Marietta sandstone and 70 to 80 feet above the Washington coal there occurs a fairly persistent but very impure coal in the northern tier of counties of the State WEST VIRGINIA GEOLOGICAL SURVEY. 155 that has been designated the Washington “A”. I. C. White gives the following account of this bed on page 35 of Bulletin No. 65 of the U. S. Geological Survey: “At 70 to 80 feet above the Washington coal, there occurs a bed of impure coal and coaly shale which is often present in the section along Dunkard creek. Sometimes the entire bed is 4 to 5 feet thick, but little of it is ever merchantable coal, being seldom more than bituminous slate. It is well exposed in the hills about Blacks- ville and Brownsville, and there contains many bivalve crustaceans.” In the Doddridge-Harrison area the Washington “A” coal is nearly always represented by a thin streak of black slate, or more often fire clay shale, and at only one point in the two counties was actual coal observed at this horizon. This was along the public road on Leason run of Cabin run in western Doddridge, one mile due north of Joy P. O. There the Washington “A” is represented by 4 inches of slaty coal, and comes, according to the Greenwood section, page 80, for this region, 130 feet above the Washington bed. The Creston Red Shale. In Wirt, Roane and Calhoun counties 40 to 60 feet of dark red shales with limestone nuggets scattered throughout separate the Upper and Lower Marietta sandstones. The writer designated this formation the Creston Red Shale on page 154 of the detailed report of the latter counties from its fine development on the Creston Flats, one mile east from Creston, Wirt county. In the Doddridge-Harrison area its thickness and relative position in the Marietta sandstone group are well exhibited in the sections for Sedalia, West Union, Greenwood, St. Clara and Deweytown on pages 70, 79, 80, 85, and 97, respec- tively. Frequently a massive sandstone, 20 to 30 feet in thick- ness, is included within the Creston shale as appears in the Greenwood section. There the writer has designated this stratum the Middle Marietta sandstone from its position be- tween the Upper and Lower Marietta ledges. It is not gen- erally persistent and for that reason has nob been described under a separate heading. In western and southeastern Dod- 156 STRATIGRAPHY THE DUNKARD SERIES. dridge the Creston red shale is found cropping immediately below the Upper Marietta sandstone, and adds greatly to the fertility of the soil. In northern Harrison these reds are replaced more or less by sandy shales and thin sandstones. The Middle Washington limestone of Stevenson 16 at 35 to 40 feet below the Washington “A” coal and 40 to 50 feet above the Washington coal, is not present in the Doddridge-Harrison area, it having apparently been replaced entirely by the Creston red shale, since nothing approaching a hard lime formation was observed at this horizon in either county. The Lower Marietta Sandstone. Immediately under the Middle Washington limestone and 2 to 5 feet over the Washington coal bed there occurs a massive arenaceous stratum that has been designated by the writer 17 the Lower Marietta Sandstone. Its relative position to the other formations of the Dunkard series at its type lo- cality is exhibited in both the Steelton section, page 130, and the Marietta, Ohio, section on page 131 of the Wirt-Roane- Calhoun report of the State Survey. There it is a bluish igray, medium grained and micaceous sandstone, ranging from 20 to 30 feet in thickness. Its thickness and position in the rock column in the Doddridge-Harrison area is exhibited in the sections for Se- dalia, Numan, Greenwood, Kelly, St. Clara, Coldwater and Deweytown. The Lower Marietta sandstone forms cliffs and steep slopes immediately over the Washington coal bed wherever the latter crops in the two counties. It is this stra- tum that is the prominent cliff maker southeastward up Meat- house fork from New Milton, coming there immediately over the Washington coal which has been opened by the farmers at many points for domestic fuel. The Lower Washington Limestone of Stevenson 18 is en- 16. Sec. Geol. Survey of Penna., Vol K, p. 49; 1875. 17. Marshall-Wetzel-Tyler Rept. W. Va. Geol. Survey, pp. 217-218; 1909. 18. Second Geol. Survey of Penna., Vol. K, p. 50; 1875. WEST VIRGINIA GEOLOGICAL SURVEY. 157 tirely absent at all places where its horizon was observed at exposures in the Doddridge-Harrison area. The Washington Coal. The most persistent and most valuable from an economic standpoint of any bed in the Dunkard series is the Washing- ton coal. I. C. White 19 first described this coal as a multiple bedded seam with the only pure coal in its basal portion. In the Doddridge-Harrison area the Washington coal maintains the same characteristic features, in that the purest and best portion of the bed is at the bottom. It crops in the hills over a large portion of Doddridge and the western part of Harrison. This bed was used largely in the field as a key rock in determining the structure, and in the chapter on that subject, page 51, is given a table of oil and gas wells, exhibiting the interval in feet between the Washington and Pittsburgh coals. Hence, the crop of the Washington coal is outlined on the General and Economic Geology map accompanying this report and can be approximately determined where it occurs in the two counties by adding to the tidal elevation of the Pittsburgh coal bed the interval for that locality between the Washington and Pittsburgh coals. Doddridge County. — In Doddridge the Washington coal has been opened by farmers and mined for local domestic fuel. It appears to be quite variable, thinning frequently to only a few inches of black slate, and again thickening up to 3 or 4 feet in a short distance. The rapid increase in the utili- zation of low grade coal in the gas producer form makes this bed quite an important economic resource for the area under discussion, since it is available at crop over a large portion of Doddridge county. Several sections and a few analyses will now be given, grouped largely by magisterial districts, ex- hibiting the thickness, character, and and quality of this coal. Along the northwestern border of McClellan district, D. B. Reger measured the following section at an exposure of 19. Bulletin No. 65, p. 37, U. S. Geological Survey; 1891. 158 STRATIGRAPHY; — THE DUNKARD SERIES. the Washington coal on the south bank of McElroy creek, one-fifth mile northeast from Eagle Mills, P. O. : Feet. Inches. Sandstone, gray, massive, Lower Marietta.. 20 0 Slate, black... 3 Slate, gray Coal, slaty . . 0 ' 4"] 0 8 Slate, gray . .1 3 [-Washington 1 11 Coal, good Shale, yellow.. . .0 4 J 0 Sandstone, yellow and shaly 8 0 (Elevation of coal is 760' A. T., aneroid.) In the same district, two miles eastward from Eagle Mills and one mile southwest of Ashley P. O., the following sec- tion of this coal was measured at the George Heirs opening on Riggins run : Feet. Inches. Slate, black Coal, slaty 0 3 Slate, black 0 10 Coal, slaty 0 2 Slate, gray 0 5 Coal, good, 17" to 1 10 Total 3 6 (Elevation is 820' A. T. by aneroid.) The showing there is better than at Eagle Mills. About 3 miles northeast from the George Heirs opening, and 1.5 miles northwest from Centerpoint, D. B. Reger obtained the following section at an exposure of the Washington coal in the public road on Franks run near the Joseph Underwood No. 1 well (63) : Feet. Slate, black 1 Coal, good 1' 2" Slate, black 1 6 Slate, gray 0 6 Coal, good 0 9 — 3 Fire clay shale, Washington 10 Concealed to Franks run 5 (Elevation of coal, 830' A. T. by aneroid). Inches. 0 11 0 0 There the thickest and best portion comes at the top ot the bed apparently, which is just the reverse of what usually happens for this coal seam. WEST VIRGINIA GEOLOGICAL SURVEY. 159 At the northeast edge of Centerpoint the Washington coal was once opened, according to D. B. Reger, at an eleva- tion of 884 feet above tide, spirit level measurement. The opening was abandoned, but the coal is reported 18 inches thick. About 23/2 miles northeast from Centerpoint the coal has been opened on the land of Josiah Davisson along a small branch of Talkington fork, one-fourth mile north of the Josiah Davisson No. 1 well (4). The coal mined there was utilized for fuel in a local school house, giving fair satisfaction. The opening had fallen shut when visited by the writer, but Mr. Davisson gives the following section for the bed at this mine: Feet. Inches. Coal, upper bench 1 6 Slate, dark gray 0 5 Coal, better 1 0 Total 2 11 (Elevation above tide, aneroid, 925'). In the northwestern portion of Grant district, Doddridge county, the following section was measured at an exposure of the Washington coal on the east side of Little Flint run at Canton P. O. : Feet. Sandstone, massive, Lower Marietta... Slate, black 1 Coal 0' 8 " Slate, gray 0 2% Coal 0 0y 2 Slate, gray 0. 2 Coal, slaty 0 5 Slate, gray 1 10 Coal, slaty 0 6 — 3 Slate, gray, to run 1 (Elevation of coal, 805' A. T., spirit level). Inches. 3 10 0 The bed is quite slaty, and worthless. Near the middle of the northeast boundary line of Grant district the writer obtained a sample for analysis and the fol- lowing section at the J. D. Benedum mine in the Washington coal, located on the head <5f Righthand fork of Flint run, 1.5 miles east of Flint P. O. : i6o STRATIGRAPHY THE DUNKARD SERIES. J. D. Benedum Mine, No. 1 on Map. Feet. 1. Concealed 2. Coal, slaty 0' 1" 3. Shale, sandy 7 0 4. Slate, black 1 0 5. Coal, slaty 0 5 6. Slate, gray 0 3 7. Coal, good 1 1 — 9 8. Fire clay, gray 1 9. Concealed to run 2 (Elevation of coal, 965' A. T., aneroid). Inches. 10 6 0 The sample was collected from the bottom coal (No. 7) of section, the composition and calorific value of which are reported by Prof. Hite as follows : Proximate Analysis. Percent. Moisture 1.58 Volatile Matter 33.82 Fixed Carbon 51.83 Ash 12.77 Total 100.00 Sulphur 3.58 Phosphorus 0.011 Colorimeter B. T. U Calculated B. T. U Carbon. Fuel ratio == Oxygen -f- Ash Ultimate Analysis. Percent. Carbon 68.83 Hydrogen 4.81 Oxygen 9.08 Nitrogen 1.00 Sulphur 3.51 Ash 12.77 Total 100.00 . 12,488 .12,435 68.83 9.08 + 12.77 = 3.15 The calorific value and fuel ratio agree closely with re- sults obtained for the same bed in Roane county. In the southern portion of Grant district, D. B. Reger ob- tained a sample for analysis and measured the following sec- tion at the R. M. Orr mine in the Washington coal, located on a branch of Buckeye run, one mile and a half due north of Long Run railroad station : WEST VIRGINIA GEOLOGICAL SURVEY. l6l R. M. Orr Mine, No. 2 on Map. Feet. Inches. 1. Sandstone, shaly, Lower Marietta 10 0 2. Slate, black 5 C 3. Coal, good O' 7" 4. Slate 0 1 5. Coal, good 1 2 6. Slate 1 8 7. Coal, good 1 0 — 4 6 “Sample from Nos. 3 and 5 of section. No. 7 was under water. Mine had fallen partially shut at mouth. Sample taken was about 20 feet under ground. Used for domestic fuel. Elevation of coal, 1015' A. T. aneroid.” Prof. Hite reports the composition and calorific value of this sample as follows : Proximate Analysis. Ultimate Analysis. Moisture Percent. 1.66 Carbon Percent. 63.95 Volatile Matter. . . . 34.36 Hydrogen 4.53 Fixed Carbon 46.32 Oxygen 10.25 Ash 17.66 Nitrogen 1.11 Total 100.00 Sulphur Ash 2.50 17.66 Sulphur 2.50 Total 100.00 Phosphorus 0.076 Calorimeter B. T. U... Calculated B. T. U. .. . Carbon Fuel ratio = 11,712 11,418 63.95 Oxygen -}- Ash = 2.29 10.25 1766 The above sample represents only the upper bench of this coal bed, since Mr. Reger was unable to get a sample from No. 7 of the section. The low B. T. U. result and fuel ratio as compared to that obtained for the lower bench at the J. D. Benedum mine, page 160, just about expresses the rela- tive fuel values of the top and bottom portions of this coal. In the extreme western part of Greenbrier district the writer measured the following section of the Washington coal at the fork of the second class road on Buffalo fork, 0.9 mile southeast from Long Run railroad station : STRATIGRAPHY THE DUNKARD SERIES. l62 Inches. 10 3 2 Feet. Concealed and dark shale Coal, slaty 1 Slate, gray 0 Coal 1 Total 3 3 The coal has been opened by farmers at several points in Central district. It is the Washington bed that is mined where the Doddridge-Tyler county line crosses Mudlick run of Long run, one mile northwest from Orontes P. O. There its elevation is 845 feet above tide as determined with aneroid. In the western corner of Central district, Mr. W. F. Ellifritt has opened the Washington coal at Greenwood and mined it under the hill a distance of 80 feet. He reports it 18 inches thick. One mile and a quarter south of Greenwood, Chas. Cald- well has opened the Washington coal on Gum run of Cabin run near the William Flanagan No. 1 well (198) at an eleva- tion of 855 feet above tide, aneroid. The opening had fallen shut, but Mr. Caldwell reports the following section : Feet. Inches. Coal, slaty 0 8 Slate, blue and gray 0 5 Coal 1 10 Total 2 11 He says the lower bench burns up well and leaves a. fine white ash like wood. Another section of this bed was measured three-fourths mile southward in the edge of Ritchie and 1.5 miles northwest of Joy P. O. as follows : Feet. Inches. Coal, slaty 0 4 Shale, gray 0 1 Coal, good 1 1 Total 1 6 These sections illustrate how both benches vary in thick- ness within short distances. About 6 miles farther southeastward in Southwest dis- WEST VIRGINIA GEOLOGICAL SURVEY. 163 trict the Washington coal has been opened on the land of Morris Gaston, one-half mile north of Summers P. O. at an elevation of 1095 feet above tide, aneroid. There the mine had fallen shut, but the coal is reported nearly 4 feet thick. The coal had been opened at several places by farmers for local domestic fuel in Cove district. It has about the usual thickness at the Haymond Lowther opening, three-fourths mile east from Grove. There the coal has an elevation of 980 feet above tide, spirit level. Two miles southeast of Grove on Rush run, the Washington coal is represented by 3 feet of black slate. The Washington coal probably attains its best develop- ment for Doddridge county in New Milton district. The latter area is traversed in a northeast-southwest direction by the Robinson synclirie, and this fold causes the coal to crop low in the hills over a large portion of New Milton, making it convenient for mining by the farmers. The following sec- tion was measured at an opening in this bed on the H. J. Bland farm, one mile and a quarter south, 5-10 degrees east from New Milton at the fork of the second class road, leading northeast from Meathouse fork of Middle Island creek : Feet. Inches. Fire clay shale 4 0 Slate, black Coal, slaty V 1" 2 0 Slate, black 2 6 Coal, good 6 — 5 1 Fire clay shale. (Elevation, 865' A. T., hand level). The slate separating the two benches is thicker here than usual, being generally less than 1 foot. In the northwestern portion of New Milton district the following section was measured at the W. R. Walton mine on a branch of Toms fork £4 mile northwest from Market P. O. : 164 STRATIGRAPHY THE DUNKARD SERIES. Feet. Inches. Slate, black Coal, slaty r 0" 2 0 Slate, black 5 Coal, slaty 1 2 Slate, gray 3 Coal, good, 12" to Fire clay sbale. 1 6 — 4 4 (Elevation of coal, 930' A. T., aneroid). The bottom coal has a clean bright appearance. D. B. Reger measured the following section at an expos- ure of the Washington coal in the road a short distance east from the mouth of Wolfpen run of Toms fork, one-half mile southeast from Market P. O. : Feet. Concealed . Slate, black Coal, slaty V 6" Shale, gray 0 6 Coal, good 0 10 — Shale, green Shale, yellow (Elevation of coal, 878' A. T., hand level). 1 2 3 5 Inches. 0 10 0 0 In the same district, nearly a mile southeast of Avon, the following section was measured at a mine on the east edge of the public road on Indian fork : Feet. Inches. Shale, sandy 6 0 Coal 0' 4°] t _ Shale, dark, soft.. 4 10 ,, Coal 1 6 j l>ench 8 Slate, gray 0 2 Coal, good, lower bench 1 5 — 8 3 Slate, gray, and concealed (Elevation of coal, 975' A. T., aneroid). Here the middle slate of the upper bench of the W. R. Walton mine, page 163, has thickened from 5 inches to 4 feet 10 inches, giving the bed a total section of 8 feet 3 inches. In the extreme southeastern corner of New Milton dis- trict samples of both benches were obtained for analysis, and the following section measured at a mine on the land of D. H. Nicholson, near the Nicholson No. 1 well (277) in which the Pittsburgh coal was encountered at a depth of 540 feet. The Washington coal crops 23 feet by hand-level above the well WEST VIRGINIA GEOLOGICAL SURVEY. 165 mouth, making the Washington-Pittsburgh coal interval 563 feet : D. H. Nicholson Mine, No. 3 on Map. Feet. Inches. 1. Slate, black 2 0 2. Coal 1' 4" 3. Slate, gray 0 1 4. Coal 1 5 — 2 10 5. Fire clay 1 0 6. Concealed to Nicho’.son well (277) 22 0 (Elevation of coal, 1040' A. T., aneroid). The samples were collected from Nos. 2 and 4 of the section. Their composition and calorific value are reported as follows by Prof. Hite: Proximate Analysis. Upper Lower Bench. Bench. Average. Percent. Percent. Percent. Moisture . . . 1.69 1.44 1.56 Volatile Matter ... 36.48 36.96 36.72 Fixed Carbon . . . 49.20 49.66 49.43 Ash . . . 12.63 11.94 12.29 Total . . .100.00 100.00 100.00 Sulphur . . . 3.95 3.64 3.795 Phosphorus . . . 0.077 0.018 0.0475 Ultimate Analysis. Upper Lower Bench. Bench. Average. Percent. Percent. Percent. Carbon ... 68.38 68.02 68.20 Hydrogen . . . 4.68 4.67 4.68 Oxygen . . . 9.39 10.75 10.07 Nitrogen . . . 0.97 0.98 0.97 Sulphur . . . 3.95 3.64 3.79 Ash . . . 12.63 11.94 12.29 Totals . . .100.00 100.00 100.00 Upper Lower Bench. Bench. Average. Calorimeter B. T. U . . .12,485 12,542 12,513 Calculated B. T. U . . .12,282 12,105 12,194 Carbon Fuel ratio = = 3.10 3.00 3.05 Oxygen 4. Ash 1 66 STRATIGRAPHY THE DUNKARD SERIES. At this opening the upper and lower benches are nearly on an equality, as is revealed by the calorimetric tests and the fuel ratio. In fact, the latter slightly favors the upper bench. This rarely happens with the Washington bed. Since the parting slate at this mine is only one inch in thickness, the coal could be worked to advantage as compared to other open- ings in the district. The results above given show this bed to be a valuable economic resource for the area. Harrison County. — In Harrison, as mentioned on a pre- ceding page, the crop of the Washington coal in confined to the western portion of the county, or rather to the belt on the western slope of the Wolf Summit anticline between the 425 and the 900-foot structure contours of the Pittsburgh coal as outlined on the General and Economic Geology map ac- companying this report, crossing Eagle, Sardis, Tenmile and Union districts. In the extreme northeast corner of Eagle district this coal crops at an elevation of about 1450 feet above tide. There it is about 3 feet thick and of fair quality. From there it dips rapidly westward along the slope of the Wolf Summit, anti- cline, and passes under Bingamon creek a short distance east from Margaret P. O. Along the northeast border of Sardis district the follow- ing section was measured at an exposure of the Washington coal along the public road on the head of Laurel run of Little Tenmile creek, 2 miles northeast from, Brown: Feet. Concealed and shale 9 Coal, slaty 1' 6" Slate, gray 0 2 Coal : 0 6 Shale, gray 0 8 Coal 1 0 — 3 Fire clay shale 5 Elevation of coal, 1145' A. T., aneroid. As in many portions of Doddridge, the upper bench car- ries a parting slate. About two miles southwestward, and slightly over one mile northwest from Brown, the following section was meas- ured at an exposure on Little Elk creek: Inches. 0 10 0 WEST VIRGINIA GEOLOGICAL SURVEY. I67 Feet. Concealed Shale, dark 2 Coal, slaty 3' 0" Shale, dark 1 3 Coal 0 4 Shale, dark .1 6 Coal, slaty 0 10 Coal, slaty, better 2 0 Shale, gray 0 9 Coal, good 0 10 — 10 Fire c'.ay shale to Little Elk creek 1 Elevation, 1005' A. T., aneroid. Inches. 0 6 0 This section contains 7 feet of all kinds of coal, the great- est found for this bed in either county. Along the northeast boundary line of Tenmile district and one mile southwest from Olive P. O., D. B. Reger reports the Washington coal 2 feet thick, slaty and having an eleva- tion of 1145 feet above tide, aneroid. From there the bed dips rapidly westward to an elevation of about 1045 feet above tide slightly over one-half mile distant in the bed of a small branch of Grass run. At this place Mr. Reger reports it 3 feet thick and very slaty. Near the central portion of Tenmile district the following section was measured at an exposure in the west portal of the Baltimore & Ohio Railroad tunnel, three fourths mile east- ward from Bristol : Bristol Section, Tenmile District. Feet. Inches. Sandstone, massive... . 15 0 Shale, sandy 4 0 Coal ..0' 4" Slate, gray .0 1 Coal .0 3 Shale, gray .5 0 Slate, coal streaks .... ..4 0 Coal, good ..0 7 Slate, b’.ack .0 3 Coal, good .0 5 Slate, gray .0 11 Coal, good .0 6 - - 12 4 Fire clay shale, Washington .. 11 0 Limestone, gray and hard, Bristol. .. 4 0 Shale, limy to railroad grade . 12 0 Elevation of coal, 1170' A. T., aneroid. 1 68 STRATIGRAPHY THE DUNKARD SERIES. The section contains only 25 inches of coal in a total of 148 inches. The section is noteworthy in that the 4 feet of limestone near the base has been designated the Bristol lime- stone by the writer from the nearby town. A further discussion of the character, quality and probable available area of the Washington coal in the Doddridge-Har- rison area will be given on subsequent pages of this report in the chapter on the coal resources. The Washington Fire Clay Shale. Immediately under the Washington coal in Wirt, Roane and Calhoun counties there occurs a yellowish green and im- pure fire clay shale that has been designated the Washington Fire Clay Shale by the writer from its association with the coal, on pages 163-164 of the detailed geologic report of that area. The following analysis is published therein from a sam- ple of the fire clay shale collected in the town of Spencer, Roane county : Percent. Silica (Si 0 2 ) Ferric Iron (Fe 2 0 3 ) Alumina (A1 2 0 3 ) . . . Lime (Ca 0) Magnesia (Mg 0) . Potash (K 2 0) Soda (Na 2 0) Titanium (Ti 0 2 ) . . Loss on ignition.. 56.70 2.18 26.28 1.04 1.58 3.01 0.40 0.78 8.62 Total 100.59 In the Doddridge-Harrison area this same fire clay shale accompanies the Washington coal wherever its crop is ex- posed, and it ranges from 5 to 10 feet in thickness. It is a great aid in finding the crop of the Washington coal, or the horizon of the latter bed when concealed by debris. The Bristol Limestone. At 10 to 15 feet below the Washington coal and imme- diately at the base of the Washington fire clay shale, there WEST VIRGINIA GEOLOGICAL SURVEY. 1 69 frequently occurs a limestone from 6 inches to 4 feet in thick- ness in Doddridge and Harrison counties. The Bristol sec- tion, page 167, exhibits this stratum 4 feet thick, 11 feet below the Washington coal. There it attains the best development observed in the area under discussion, and for that reason the writer has designated it the Bristol Limestone. On page 164 of the Wirt-Roane-Calhoun report of the State Survey, the writer mentions this limestone as occurring at the base of the Washington fire clay shale, with a thickness of 8 to 10 inches. G. P. Grimsley gives the following account of a lime- stone coming at this horizon in Ohio county on page 67 of the Ohio-Brooke-Hancock county report : “There appears to be a rather persistent limestone just below the Washington coal in Ohio county. This limestone is one to eight feet in thickness. In some sections it is under the coal, while in others it is separated by a few feet of shales. The rock is blue in color and usually hard and compact, but in one or two places it was nodular.” Hence, it follows that this stratum is a fairly persistent formation of the Dunkard series and is worthy of a distinctive name. In'the Doddridge-Harrison area this limestone rarely at- tains one foot in thickness, outside the region of Bristol. It has a buff color and very often a nodular and brecciated form. It is generally too thin and irregular to be considered an economic resource for the area. • The Washington Sandstone. In southwestern Pennsylvania and in Marshall county, W. Va., there frequently occurs a flaggy sandstone, imme- diately under the Washington coal. I. C. White 20 gives the following account of this stratum : “Very frequently the Washington coal rests directly upon a flaggy sandstone, often finely laminated, brown, micaceous, and containing vegetable fragments in great quantity. “This stratum, which was called the Washington sandstone by Professor Stevenson, occurs over a wide area in Monongalia, Greene and Washington counties, but is not persistent very far south of the Pennsylvania line.” 20. Bulletin No. 65, page 38, U. S. G. Survey; 1891. 170 STRATIGRAPHY THE DUNKARD SERIES. The Rosbys Rock, Marshall County, section 21 by the writer reveals this stratum only 6 feet in thickness, imme- diately at the base of the Washington fire clay shale; hence, the position given in the list of the known and described for- mations of the Dunkard series is most probably the true one* In the Doddridge-Harrison area this sandstone is gener- ally represented by sandy shales, 5 to 15 feet in thickness, immediately overlying the Mannington sandstone. The Little Washington Coal. At 10 to 20 feet under the Washington coal in south- western Pennsylvania and in Ohio and Marshall counties, W. Va., there often occurs a thin coal bed that has been named by J. J. Stevenson from its association with the Washington bed above. The Rosbys Rock section, page 86 of the Mar- shall-Wetzel-Tyler report of the State Survey, places this bed 12 feet below the Washington coal and at the base of 5 feet of sandy shale that really belongs to the Washington sand- stone. The coal was not observed at the many exposures of its horizon in the Doddridge-Harrison area, and does not seem to be represented in that region. The Mannington Sandstone. At 15 to 25 feet below the Washington coal and 5 to 10 feet below the Bristol limestone in several of the south- western counties of West Virginia there occurs a great coarse, gray and brown, massive and frequently pebbly sandstone, ranging in thickness from 40 to 50 feet that has been designa- ted by G. P. Grimsley 22 the Mannington sandstone from the town of that name in Marion county, this State, where it has been quarried for building purposes. This stratum is a great cliff maker in central Tyler, Pleasants, Ritchie and Wood, along the eastern and western borders of Wirt, northern Calhoun and northeastern Roane counties. 21. Marshall-Wetzel-Tyler Rept., W. Va, Geol- Survey, p- 86; 1909. 22. W. Va. Geol. Survey, Vol. IV, page 440; 1906. WEST VIRGINIA GEOLOGICAL SURVEY. 1 7 1 The sections given in Chapter IV of this report for Se- dalia, Long Run, West Union, Greenwood, Summers, Cove and St. Clara for Doddridge county, and for Salem, South of Wolf Summit, and Benson for Harrison exhibit the thickness and character of the Mannington sandstone in the area under discussion. Wherever the Washington coal bed is elevated 70 to 80 feet above drainage, the whole of the Mannington sandstone is also above drainage, and most generally makes its presence known either in cliffs or very steep slopes around the hill sides. Its approximate crop in the two counties can readily be determined by observing the topography and crop of the Washington coal as outlined on the General and Economic Geology map accompanying this report. The Waynesburg “B” Coal. In Washington and Greene counties, Pa., and in Monon- galia county, W.Va., there often occurs a thin coal, 40 to 50 feet below the Washington ted, that has been designated the Waynesburg “B” coal. In the Doddridge-Harnson area this stratum has apparently been cut away entirely in the deposi- tion of the great Mannington sandstone. The Waynesburg “A” Coal. The Waynesburg “A” coal occurs 75 to 90 feet above the Waynesburg bed and represents the first coal aDove the base of the Dunkard series. In Vol. II. of the State Survey Re- ports, page 116, I. C. White gives the following account of this coal in northern West Virginia: “The only coal in this group 23 which is ever of any economic im- portance is the Waynesburg “A” bed, 80 to 90 feet below the Wash- ington coal and the same interval above the Waynesburg, or base of the Dunkard series. This bed is quite generally present 10 to 15 feet above the Waynesburg sandstone through Monongalia, Marion, Har- rison, Doddridge and Tyler counties and occasionally attains a thick- ness of 3 y 2 feet. The coal contains much ash and other impurities, however, and makes only an indifferent fuel. It has been mined to a small extent in western Harrison and eastern Doddridge for local do- mestic use. Its presence is generally marked by a line of springs which came out of the ground on top of the impermeable clays and shales just below, and which, easily disintegrating, give origin to very bad roads with deep sticky mudholes along this line of outcrop.” 23. Referring to the Dunkard group or series. — RVH. 172 STRATIGRAPHY THE DUNKARD SERIES. In the Doddridge-Harrison area, this coal occurs a few inches to 10 feet under the Mannington sandstone, and in Doddridge county, it rarely exceeds 6 inches in thickness, and quite frequently its horizon is represented by only a few inches of black shale. Doddridge County. — The Waynesburg “A” coal crops over practically the same area of this county as that outlined above for the Mannington sandstone. Its crop is exposed at several places along McElroy creek in McClellan district, and at the M. A. Phillips No 1 well (69) is exposed in the road, one-half mile west of Centerpoint. There it is only 6 inches thick, coming 65 to 70 feet below the Washington bed, and 20 feet above the Phillips well (69). About 2y 2 miles north- east from Centerpoint, this coal crops in the- road on Talking- ton fork at an elevation of 885 feet A. T. by aneroid. There it is only 6 inches thick. One mile southeast of the latter place, where its crop is exposed along the road on 'Sycamore fork of Pike fork of McElroy creek, the coal is only 4 inches thick. Southwestward in the region of Alpha P. O. on Flint run, the Waynesburg “A” coal horizon is represented by a few inches of bituminous shale. One mile southwest of Knight P. O. and 14 mile northeast from the D. L. Dotson No. 1 well (154), this shale is 10 inches thick, but contains no coal, its tidal elevation being 895 feet, spirit level. On southwestward at Tollgate the following section was measured in the railroad cut at the southwest edge of the town Tollgate Section. Thickness. Total. Feet. Feet. Coal, Washington, and concealed 20 20 Sandstone, massive, Mannington 40 60 Shale, yellow 1.5 61.5 Coal, Waynesburg “A” (6") 0.5 62 Fire clay and red shale 4 66 Sandstone, massive 4 70 Shale, red 10 80 Sandstone to B. & O. R. R. grade 2 82 Here the elevation of the Waynesburg “A” bed is about 820 feet A. T., aneroid. WEST VIRGINIA GEOLOGICAL SURVEY. 173 Near the central portion of Doddridge and one-fourth mile northwest from New Milton, the following section was measured at an exposure of the horizon of the Waynesburg “A” coal along the public road Feet. 1. Coal, Washington. 2. Concealed and sandstone, massive, Man- nington 62 3. Shale, sandy 3 4. Shale, red 5 5. Shale, dark (Waynesburg “A” coal hori- zon) 0 6. Fire clay. Elevation, 865' A. T., aneroid. Inches. 0 0 0 8 In the southern portion of the county, 2*4 miles south- east of Grove P. O., the following section was measured at an exposure of the horizon of the Waynesburg “A” bed along the road on Rush run : Feet. Inches. Coal, Washington. Concealed 20 0 Sandstone, massive, Mannington 40 0 Shale, dark (Waynesburg “A” coal horizon). 0 4 Fire clay. Elevation of coal horizon, 895' A. T., aneroid. In the southeastern portion of Doddridge, where the Waynesburg “A” coal crops along the road leading up Meat- house fork, one mile southeast from Avon P. O., it is only 2 inches thick, coming 70 feet under the Washington bed. At no point in Doddridge does this coal appear to attain sufficient thickness to have any commercial value. I Harrison County. — In Harrison county the Waynesburg “A” coal comes 60 to 70 feet under the Washington bed; hence, the area or region of its crop can readily be determined from the topography and the position of the crop of the Wash- ington coal as outlined on the General and Economic Geology map accompanying this report. There it will be shown that its crop is confined to a narrow belt running northeast and southwest across the county via. Grangeville, Brown, Lynch, Deweytown and Benson. At one mile northeast of the latter point its crop is exposed along the hill road, where it is only i74 STRATIGRAPHY THE DUNKARD SERIES. 6 inches thick at an elevation of 1155 feet above tide, aneroid. Northward on a branch of Little Rockcamp run, one mile and a half northwest from Olive P. O., the Waynesburg “A” coal crops in the public road, with a thickness of 10 inches. Northward to the Marion county line the bed thickens up somewhat, and on Laurel run, one mile and a half northeast of Brown, it is 18 inches thick. One mile and a half farther northeast at the triangle of roads on Jones creek, it has a thick- ness of 18 inches, its tidal elevation being 1110 feet, aneroid A short distance, less than one mile, northwest, the bed is less than 1 foot thick and quite slaty. While this coal makes a better showing in Harrison than in Doddridge, yet it does not attain sufficient thickness and regularity in either to be considered an economic resource for the area. . The Mount Morris Limestone. At 1 to 5 feet under the Waynesburg “A” coal bed in Greene county, Penna., and in Marshall county, W. Va., there often occurs from 6 inches to 3 feet of limestone that has been designated the Mount Morris Limestone by L C. White 24 from a town of that name in Greene county, Penna. This stratum has apparently been replaced by sandy shales in the Dod- dridge-Harrison area, since it was not recognized at any point in either county. The Waynesburg Sandstone. At 1 to 10 feet above the base of the Dunkard series and 15 to 20 feet below the Waynesburg “A” coal, there occurs a great massive sandstone that has been designated by the First Geological Survey of Pennsylvania the Waynesburg sandstone from a town of that name in Greene county, Penna., near which it has a fine development. I. C. White gives the following account of this stratum on page 40 of Bulletin No. 65 of the U. S. G. Survey. : 24. Bulletin No. 65, U. S. G. Survey, pages 39-40; 1891. WEST VIRGINIA GEOLOGICAL SURVEY. 1 75 “It is one of the most persistent members of the Permo-Carbon- iferous series, since its eastern outcrop can be followed in an almost continuous line of cliffs from Greene county, Penna., clear across West Virginia to the Big Kanawha river at Winfield.” ‘•This stratum is the only one of the series 25 that is generally con- glomeratic or contains quartz pebbles larger than coarse sand grains. On account of this peculiarity, the rock in question becomes a very important guide to the geologist in the interior of West Virginia, where so many of the Dunkard coals and limestones have disappeared, for its retains its pebbly character over a very wide area. When at its greatest development, the thickness of this stratum approaches 75 to 100 feet. It is usually a grayish white rock, with a yellowish cast on freshly broken surfaces, and its weathered boulders are usually covered with ridges and streaks of harder iron-bearing sand. The rock splits readily and frequently furnishes excellent building stone, the piers of the Baltimore & Ohio R. R. bridge across the Monongahela river near Fairmont having been constructed of it.” Since the publication of Bulletin No. 65 in 1891, a more detailed study of the sandstones of the Dqnkard series in West Virginia by the writer reveals the fact that the Lower Marietta and Mannington ledges are frequently quite con- glomeratic in Wirt, Roane and Calhoun counties, the quartz pebbles therein frequently attaining one-half inch in diameter. In the Doddridge-Harrison area, the crop of the Waynes- burg sandstone is very closely exhibited by the boundary line between the Dunkard and Monongahela series as outlined on the General and Economic Geology map accompanying this report. It does not appear so massive as in some por- tions of the State, since, in these counties it is quite fre- quently broken up into sandy beds and red shales. The sec- tions given on preceding pages of this report for Sedalia, Long Run, Summers, Kelly, Grove, Big Isaac and Brown ex- hibit its thickness, character and relative position in the rock column. At the east edge of Brown, Harrison county, this stratum has recently been quarried to furnish piers for the public highway bridge over Little Tenmile creek at that place. There it is gray, coarse, slightly pebbly and 25 to 35 feet thick. Northeastward along Laurel run from Brown the Waynes- burg sandstone -forms cliffs and steep slopes 2 to 5 feet over the Waynesburg coal bed. 25. Referring to the Dunkard series. — RVH. 176 STRATIGRAPHY THE DUNKARD SERIES. The Elm Grove Limestone. At 5 to 10 feet above the Waynesburg coal in Wetzel, Marshall and Ohio counties, W. Va., there often occurs from 1 to 5 feet of dark, flaggy limestone that has been designated by G. P. Grimsley 26 the Elm Grove limestone from a town of that name near which it crops in Ohio county referred to above. In the Doddridge-Harrison area this stratum has ap- parently thinned away entirely, since no limestone was ob- served at this horizon at the numerous exposures in the two counties. The Cassville Plant Shale. The first and lowest member of the Dunkard group of rocks is the Cassville Plant Shale that has been so designated by Wm. M. Fontaine and I. C. White from a town of that name in Monongalia county, W. Va., near which it crops. There it ranges from 0 to 20 feet in thickness and contains a rich insect fauna as well as flora. In the Doddridge-Harrison area this shale is not gen- erally well defined or easily recognized, since over most of the area of the two counties the Waynesburg coal bed at the top of the Monongehela series is absent from the measures. The latter coal is present, however, in the sections for Big Isaac and Salem, pages 89 and 95, and at the former place the shale is 5 feet thick and quite sandy. The Brown section, page 90, reveals the Waynesburg sandstone in direct con- tact with Waynesburg coal, the former there having cut away the Cassville shale entirely. Northeastward on Laurel run, however, the shale is 2 to 5 feet thick. 26. Obio-Brooke-Hancock Rept, W. Va. Geol. Survey, page 68; 1906. WEST VIRGINIA GEOLOGICAL SURVEY. 77 AGE OF THE DUNKARD SERiES. There has been much discussion both by American and European geologists as to the age of the Dunkard series as revealed by the fossil fauna and flora. On pages 69-77 of the Ohio-Brooke-Hancock Report of the W. Va. Geol. Survey, G. P. Grimsley gives a very interesting account as to the age of the Dunkard rocks as discussed by geologists in other publi- cations. From all the evidence yet collected, this series apparently belongs to the lower Permian of Europe. CHAPTER VI. THE MONONGAHELA SERIES The Monongahela series is that division of the rock column which begins at base with the bottom of the Pittsburgh coal bed and extends up to the base of the Cassville Plant shale or to the top of the Waynesburg coal. This group of rocks was so designated by H. D. Rogers from the river of that name in Pennsylvania, along which its coal beds attain a fine development. In West Virginia the thickness of the^ series ranges from 260 feet in Ohio and Marshall counties along the Ohio river, to over 435 feet in southeastern Doddridge and southwestern Harrison. By far the greater portion of the series is limestone in southwestern Pennsylvania and the bor- der counties of West Virginia, but southward in Doddridge and Harrison, several massive sandstones make their appear- ance and limestone decreases. The reader is referred to pages 124-125 of Vol. II. of the State Survey reports for a more detailed description of these beds in other portions of the State. The writer has compiled the following general section of the Monongahela series from, a large number of detailed sec- tions of these measures as published in the State Geological reports. As the series was first studied in Pennsylvania the most of the names are taken from localities in that State. Later names to be added from West Virginia are Gilboy and Arnoldsburg sandstones and Benwood limestone: WEST VIRGINIA GEOLOGICAL SURVEY. 179 General Section of the Monongahela Series for West Virginia. Thickness. Total. Feet. Feet. Coal, Waynesburg 5 5 Shale 10 15 Sandstone, Gilboy 35 50 Coal, Little Waynesburg 1 51 51’ Limestone, Waynesburg 4 55 Shale 13 68 Sandstone, Uniontown 35 103 Coal, Uniontown 2 105 54' Shale 10 115 Limestone, Uniontown.. 15 130 Shale, with thin sandstones and limestones. 44 174 Sandstone, Arnoldsburg 30 204 Coal, Lower Uniontown 1 205 100' Shale 5 210 Limestone, Benwood 65 275 Sandstone, Sewickley 25 300 Coal, Sewickley 5 305 100' Sandstone, Lower Sewickley 25 330 Limestone, Sewickley 43 373 Coal, Redstone 4 377 72' Limestone, Redstone 5 382 Sandstone, Upper Pittsburgh 15 397 Shale, limy 5 402 Coal, Pittsburgh 8 410 33' In the area under discussion the Monongahela series is brought above drainage by the Arches Fork, Wolf Summit, and Chestnut Ridge anticlines. The detailed crop of these rocks is outlined on the General and Economic ueology map accompanying this report. Several sections of the Monongahela series are given in Chapter IV of this report on the pages as indicated in the table summarizing the sections at the end of that chapter. In addition several scattered sections of these measures will now be given. The following section was measured with aneroid from the summit of a high knob, one mile due north of Shinnston, northwestward along the hill road to Bingamon creek at Pine Bluff P. O. The intervals and totals are slightly less than they should be for the reason that the top formation of the section has risen about 25 feet in this direction before the i8o STRATIGRAPHY THE MONONGAHELA SERIES. Pittsburgh coal is reached. The aneroid measurements were checked on spirit level elevations at both the top and foot of the hill : Pine Bluff Section, Clay District. Thickness. Total Dunkard Series (54') ] Concealed from top of knob at M. Tegard Fire clay and shale * Sandstone, coarse, massive Monongahela Series (378') Coal blossom, Waynesburg (1320' B-A. T.) . . Sandstone, massive, coarse brown and peb- bly, Gilboy Concealed Shale, red Concealed with red shale Limestone, Uniontown Sandstone, shaly Concealed to upper limit of old river ter- race (Elevation, upper limit, 1090' B-A. T.) Sandstone ] Concea'ed [-Lower Sewickley Sandstone J Shale, limy and gray Limestone, gray and hard, Sewickiey Shale, gray and limy Concealed Shale, coaly (Redstone) . Shale, gray and limy 5 Concealed to Bingamon creek at Pine Bluff Coal, Pittsburgh set. Feet. 20 20 5 25 29 54 54' 1 55 10 65 40 105 5 110 5 115 64 179 1 180 10 190 15 205 15 220 60 280 55 335 281' 15 350 10 360 8 368 8 376 4 380 6 386 7 393 2 395 60' 5 400 24 424 8 432 37' Adding a correction of 25 feet for dip to the 378 feet gives the Monongahela rocks a total of 403 feet. The record of a diamond drill boring 5 miles northeast- ward, published on pages 676-677 of Vol. 11(A) of the State Survey reports, gives the same measurements 419' 10". The following section was measured partly along the hill road leading northeast to Shinns run, one-half mile below Saltwell P. O. : WEST VIRGINIA GEOLOGICAL SURVEY. Section Two Miles East of Gypsy, Clay District. 181 Thickness. Total. Dunkard Series (200') Concealed from summit of. high knob 1.5 miles southeast from Gypsy Monongahela Series 365') Concealed to road at low gap, east cf Gypsy. Concealed along road Sandstone, flaggy, Arnoldsburg Limestone, white, Benwood Concealed and shale. Sandstone, massive, Upper Sewickley Fire clay (Sewickley coal horizon) Shale Sandstone, massive, Lower Sewickley Shale Fire clay Shale, limy top, sandy bottom Coal, Pittsburgh Conemaugh Series (41') Concealed and sandstone, massive, Lower Pittsburgh Coal blossom, Little Pittsburgh Feet. Feet. 200 200 200' 100 300 35 335 25 360 160' 35 395 15 410 5 415 20 435 14 449 89' 1 450 5 455 35 490 19 509 1 510 47 557 8 565 116' 40 605 1 606 41' A correction of 50 feet will have to be added to the total 365' for the Monongahela series on account of the westward dip of the strata, giving the latter a thickness of 415 feet. The limestones of the northern end of the State have been replaced largely by sandy shales and massive sandstones. The Sewick- ley and Redstone coals have thinned away entirely in this portion of Harrison county. The following section was measured with hand level along the point just northeast of Gore station on the Fairmont and Clarksburg electric railroad, 2 miles due north of Clarksburg : Section at Gore Station, Coal District. Thickness. Total. Monongahela Series (149.5') Feet. Feet. Sandstone, flaggy, Upper Sewickley 10 .10 Shale 10 20 Coal, Sewickley 1.5 21.5 21.5' Fire clay and shale 10 31.5 1 82 STRATIGRAPHY THE MONONGAHELA SERIES. Thickness. Total. Feet. Feet. Sandstone, buff, fine grained, massive, Lower Sewickley Concealed 84 Coal, Pittsburgh 8 149.5 128' Conemaugh Series (64.5') Fire clay and concealed Sandstone, massive, limy, Lower Pittsburgh. Shale, gray Limestone, gray and hard, Pittsburgh Fire clay shale (Little Pittsburgh coal hori- zon) 3.5 199.5 50' Limestone, bluish gray ] Shale, gray and limy [Lower Limestone, bluish, silicious, J Pittsburgh, lentil J Shale, red, to B. & O. R. R. grade 3 214 14.5' 26 57.5 84 141.5 8 149.5 32 181.5 10 191.5 4 195.5 0.5 196 3.5 199.5 7 206.5 3 209.5 1.5 211 3 214 The section is interesting in that details are given not only of the Monongahela, but of the top portion of the Cone- maugh series as well. The following section of the Monongahela series was measured by J. L. Johnston, C. E., along the face of Pinnick- innick hill at the north edge of Clarksburg, and published on page 49 of Bulletin No. 65 of the U. S. G. Survey: Clarksburg Section. Feet. Coal, Waynesburg? (Uniontown), absent or not seen 0 Ft. In. Concealed and yellow sandy shales. 65 9 Sandstone, (Arnoldsburg) 25 0 Concealed, with some limestone 80 0 Sandstone 20 0 Concealed 5 0 Sandstone 15 0 Sandy shales 6 0 Sandstone, Sewickley 25 0 Shales 10 0 — 251 Coal, Sewickley 1 T . i ( shaly . ... 1' 6" ) Q n Limestone... j good ; 7 6 j 9 0 Concealed 3 0 Shales, sandy 14 0 Shale, with iron nodules 1 0 Shales, sandy 4 0 Sandstone 1 0 Concealed 8 0 — 40 Coal, Redstone, slaty 3 Inches. 0 0 0 0 0 WEST VIRGINIA GEOLOGICAL SURVEY. 183 Feet. Inches. Shale, dark, bituminous 5 0 Limestone, Redstone 0 Shale, greenish 13 0 Slate, bituminous 1 0— 25 0 ( coal 3 5 Coal, Pittsburgh bone 0 1 [ coal 0— 8 6 Total 328 6 The identifications in parentheses are by the writer. The Monongahela measures should be 410 to 420 feet thick here ; hence, Mr. Johnston’s section lacked 80 to 90 feet of reaching up to the base of the Dunkard series. The following section was measured mostly along the hill road southwestward to Stutler fork nearly along the strike of the rocks : Section One Mile North of Mineral, Union District. Thickness. Total. Dunkard Series (215') Feet. Feet. Concealed and shale from top of knob 115 115 Sandstone, massive, buff, coarse and pebbly, forming cliffs and large boulders, Man- nington 40 155 Concealed to road at low gap 60 215 215' Monongahela Series (383') Shale, red 10 225 Sandstone, cliff rock, Gilboy and Uniontown. 100 325 110' Concealed 30 355 Shale, red 20 375 Limestone, modular, shaly 15 390 Shale, red 24.7 414.7 Shaie, black (4"), (Lower Uniontown ccal horizon) 0.3 415 90' Shale, dark red and limy 35 450 Sandstone, massive, coarse brown, Upper Sewickley 38 488 Fire clay (Sewickiey coal horizon) (1045' B-A. T.) 2 490 75' Interval, estimated 100 590 Coal, Pittsburgh 8 598 108' 184 STRATIGRAPHY- — THE MONONGAHELA SERIES. DESCRIPTION OF THE MONONGAHELA FORMATIONS. The Waynesburg Coal. The highest formation of the Monongahela series is the Waynesburg coal. It correlates with the No. 11 seam in the former nomenclature of the Ohio coals, and attains its best West Virginia development in Monongalia and Mar- ion counties. It is always multiple bedded, being separated into benches, upper and lower, by a shale parting 1 to 15 inches thick, the whole often attaining a thickness of 10 to 12 feet. I 11 the Doddridge-Harrison area the coal rarely exceeds 2 feet in thickness and does not appear merchantable at any point in the county. The crop of the bed is outlined in detail on the General and Economic Geology map accompanying this report. Doddridge County. — In Doddridge county the coal has thinned away entirely except in the extreme eastern point of Greenbrier district. Where its horizon first comes above the level of Meathouse fork, at the road fork, one mile and a quarter west of Big Isaac, the bed is represented by only 3 inches of slaty coal. One-half mile farther east it has thick- ened up to 4 inches. One mile southeastward and one-half mile southwest from Big Isaac, the following section is ex- posed at the crop of this bed : Feet. Sandstone, Waynesburg. Shale, sandy, Cassville.. Waynesburg Coal, slaty 0' Slate, gray 0 Coal, slaty 0 Slate, gray and yellow 0 Coal, slaty 0 Fire clay (Elevation of coal, 1055' B-A. T.) Inches. 0 1 5 0 WEST VIRGINIA GEOLOGICAL SURVEY. 185 In the northern portion of Doddridge the log of the Hud- son diamond drill boring (21), used in connection with the Sedalia section, page TO, gives only 2 feet of black and gray shale at this horizon, 136 feet below the Washington coal and 381.5 feet above the Pittsburgh seam. Harrison County. — In Harrison the Waynesburg coal at- tains a better development than in Doddridge. The log of the I. L. Marsh No. 1 well (373), used in connection with the section at Brown, page 90, reports the bed 3 feet thick. The coal crops near the bed of Laurel run, one-half mile northeast from Brown where the following section was measured : Feet. Inches. Coal 1 0 Slate, gray 0 1 Coal 1 0 Total 2 1 (Elevation, 1030' B-A. T.) Here the structure of the bed is similar to that for the northern portion of the State, in that it carries a parting slate, separating it into two benches. The following section of the Waynesburg coal was meas- ured near run level of a branch of Little Rockcamp, one mile and a quarter northwest from Olive P. O. : Sandstone, massive, Waynesburg Shale, dark, Cassville, 3' to Coal 0' 8 "| Slate, gray and soft...O OV 2 }■ . Coal 1 3 J Fire clay (Elevation of coal, 1030' B-A. T.) Feet. Inches. 5 0 1 11 % In the Pine Bluff section, page 180, this coal is given a thickness of 1 foot, but there the bottom portion of the bed was concealed. The seam is seldom reported in the logs of the numerous wells drilled for oil and gas in both counties. STRATIGRAPHY THE MONONGAHELA SERIES. 1 86 The Gilboy Sandstone. At 5 to 10 feet below the Waynesburg coal there often occurs a massive sandstone, ranging in thickness from 20 to 40 feet, that has been designated the Gilboy by I. C. White 1 from a railroad cut of that name, located a shurt distance east from Mannington, Marion county. In the Doddridge-Harrison area this sandstone frequently makes cliffs or steep slopes around the hillsides just below the horizon of the Waynesburg coal. The relative position of this stratum to the other formations, its character and thick- ness are exhibited in the sections given on preceding pages for Sedalia, Centerpoint, Long Run, Brown, Katys Lick, Salem and Wolf Summit. One-fourth mile northeast of Brown at the mouth of Laurel run, the Gilboy makes a cliff 20 to 25 feet high. No quarries in this stratum were seen in either county. The Little Waynesburg coal and the Waynesburg limestone disappear southwestward from Marion county and neither was observed at exposures of its horizon in the Doddridge-Harri- son area. The Uniontown Sandstone. At 10 to 20 feet below the Gilboy sandstone and 60 to 75 feet below the Waynesburg coal there occurs another bluish gray, brown and massive sandstone that has been named the Uniontown from its relation to the underlying coal by I. C. White 2 . In the Doddridge-Harrison area this stratum forms cliffs and steep slopes around the hill sides over a large portion of both counties. The sections given for Sedalia, Long Run, West Union, Greenwood, Summers, Kelly, Katys Lick, South of Wolf Summit, and Mineral, exhibit its thickness, character and relative position in the rock column in the area under discussion. In Doddridge county it is this sandstone that forms the 1. Vol. II, p. 150, W. Va. Geol. Survey; 1903. 2. Bulletin No. 65, pp. 58 and 59, U. S. G. purvey; 1891. WEST VIRGINIA GEOLOGICAL SURVEY. 187 prominent cliffs along the Baltimore & Ohio railroad between Long Run and West Union, where it is coarse, gray and brown, and frequently pebbly, coming immediately over the Uniontown coal and 300 to 310 feet above the Pittsburgh bed. Along the extreme western border of New Milton district the Uniontown has been quarried for building purposes on the head of Lick run, 3 miles due west from Market. Here, ac- cording to D. B. Reger, it is 50 feet thick, coarse and soft, coming 155 feet under the Washington coal. In Harrison county it crops in a prominent cliff along the railroad grade, one-half mile southeast from Brown, where it is bluish gray in color and 35 to 40 feet thick. No quarries were observed in this stratum in the latter county, although G. P. Grimsley 3 reports the T. M. Jackson quarry at Clarksburg as belonging at this horizon. There the interval from the base of the quarry rock to the base of the Pittsburgh coal — 238 feet — is 60 to 70 feet too short for the former stratum, to represent the Uniontown sandstone. It probably correlates with the Arnoldsburg, since the latter attains a good development in the area under discussion. In the southwest corner of Harrison the Uniontown sand- stone makes high cliffs north and northwest from Mineral on the head of Two Lick run and along Stutler fork. The Uniontown Coal. At 1 to 10 feet below the Uniontown sandstone and 90 to 110 feet below the Waynesburg coal there occurs a fairly per- sistent bed that has been designated by the First Geological Survey of Pennsylvania the Uniontown coal from a town in the latter State near which it crops. It rarely exceeds 3 feet in thickness in West Virginia, and often is represented by only a few inches of black slate. In the Doddridge-Harrison area its thickness and relative position in the rock column is ex- hibited in the sections given on preceding pages for Sedalia, Centerpoint, Canton, Long Run, West Union, Brown, Salem and Benson. 3. Vol. IV, pp. 455-457, W. Va. Geol. Survey; 1909. STRATIGRAPHY THE MONONGAHELA SERIES. 1 88 Doddridge County. — In Doddridge this coal is brought above drainage by the Arches Fork anticline along the waters of Middle Island creek above West Union; Left fork of Ar- nolds creek; South fork of Hughes river above Nay P. O. ; Middle fork of Hughes river above Holbrook; and Cove and Fink Creeks in the southern portion of the county. It is this bed that has been mined by farmers 5 to 100 feet above stream level along the Baltimore & Ohio railroad between Long Run and West Union, where it furnishes a fair quality of domestic fuel, and, including partings, ranges from. 2 to 3 feet thick. The following section of the coal was measured at the J. M. Gribble mine on the south bank of Bluestone, one-half mile southeast of West Union: Feet. Inches. 1. Sandstone, massive, Uniontown 2.. Sha'e, sandy, 6' to 8 0 3. Coal, slaty O' 3 " 4. Coal, good 2 8 y 2 5. Slate, soft and 'dark 0 4 6. Coal, good, 4" to 0 6 — 3 9% 7. Fire clay (Elevation of coal, 814' A. T., spirit level). Nos. 4 and 6 of the section have a clean, bright appear- ance and should furnish a fair quality of domestic fuel. From here the bed dips rapidly. westward and passes be- low Middle Island creek at the public highway bridge over this stream in West Union. Eastward the coal has been mined considerably by farmers on Jockeycamp, Englands and Morgans runs, and Buckeye creek. ,D. B. Reger reports it about 2 feet thick at an elevation of 890' B-A. T. on Englands run, 1.5 miles northeast of Smithton. Near the Grant-West Union district line, one-third mile northwest of Morgansville, D. B. Reger measured the follow- ing section at a mine in the Uniontown coal : Feet. Inches. Slate 4 0 Coal, good 1' 6" Slate 0 6 Coal, good 1 0 — 3 0 (Elevation, 915' A. T., aneroid). WEST VIRGINIA GEOLOGICAL SURVEY. 189 Slightly over a mile southeastward Mr. Reger collected a sample for analysis and measured the following section at the W. A. Stutler mine in the Uniontown coal, located near Sherwood, one-tenth mile north of the mouth of Long Run : W. A. Stutler Mine, No. 4 on Map. Feet. Inches. 1. Sandstone, visible, Uniontown 2. Shale, brown 13 (J 3. Coal, good V 0" 4. Slate 0 4 5. Coal, good 1 4 — 2 8 (Elevation, 855' A. T., spirit level). The sample for analysis was collected from Nos. 3 and 5 of the section, the composition and calorific value of which are reported by Prof. Hite as follows : Proximate Analysis. Per cent. Moisture 1.67 Volatile Matter 38.73 Fixed Carbon 45.27 Ash 14.33 Total 100.00 Sulphur 4.77 Phosphorus 0.041 Ultimate Analysis. Per cent. Carbon 66.79 Hydrogen 4.80 Oxygen 8.39 Nitrogen 0.92 Sulphur 4.77 Ash 14.33 Total 100.00 Calorimeter B. T. U Calculated B. T. U Carbon. Fuel ratio = Oxygen + Ash 12,349 12,239 66.79 = 2.94 8.39 + 14.33 These results show the coal to be nearly of the same character and quality as the Washington bed, 200 to 220 feet higher in the measures. South 10° to 20° west from West Union, Mr. Reger ob- tained a sample for analysis and measured the following sec- tion at the Alfred Collins mine in the Uniontown coal on Left fork of Arnolds creek : STRATIGRAPHY THE MONONGAHELA SERIES. Alfred Collins Mine, No. 5 on Map. Feet. Inches. 1. Sandstone, sbaly, Uniontown.. 3 0 2. Shale, gray 3 0 3. Slate, black 0 4. Coal, good 5. Slate, gray . .0 2 6. Coal, slaty . .0 10 — 2 6 7. Shale, yellow 2 0 8. Concealed . . 10 0 9. Sandstone, flaggy 6 0 (Elevation of coal, 905' A. T., aneroid). Mr. Reger collected the sample from No. 4 only, the com- position and calorific value of which are reported by Prof Hite as follows : Proximate Analysis. Ultimate Analysis. Per cent. Moisture 1.60 Volatile Matter. . . . 39.99 Fixed Carbon 45.31 Ash 13.10 Total 100.00 Sulphur 4.65 Phosphorus 0.040 Calorimeter B. T. U Calculated B. T. U.. Carbon. Fuel ratio =j Per cent. Carbon 67.59 Hydrogen 4.65 Oxygen 9.02 Nitrogen 0.99 Sulphur 4.65 Ash 13.10 Total 100.00 12,464 12,208 67.59 = 3.06 Oxygen -[- Ash 9.02 + 13.10 The results show a slightly higher grade of fuel than that represented by the sample from the Stutler mine. The latter, however, included both benches of the Uniontown, while the Collins sample represents the upper bench only. It is worthy of notice that the latter coal generally reverses the conditions accompanying the Washington bed, in that the purest and best coal occurs in the upper bench. About 6 miles southwestward the Uniontown coal was once mined near the mouth of Sheep run, 0.8 mile east from Nay P. O. The opening had fallen shut, but the bed was re- ported 18 inches thick. About 2 miles northeast from Summers P. O., the coal WEST VIRGINIA GEOLOGICAL SURVEY. 191 crops close stream level near the Eli M. Gaston No. 1 well (212) on Upper run, where it is only 6 inches thick at an ele- vation of 935' A. T., aneroid. It has the same thickness where its crop is exposed at the road forks near the head of Bluestone creek, two miles and a half due north of Kelly P. O. The bed apparently thins to less than one foot in southern Doddridge. In fact, near the extreme southern point of the county, 0.1 mile northeast of the month of Sycamore fork, the coal is only 2 inches thick, at an elevation of 825' A. T., aneroid. Harrison County. — In Harrison the Uniontown coal is not so thick apparently as at West Union and Sherwood. Its crop is confined to a belt running northeast and southwest across the county 2 to 3 miles wide, the western margin of which is one-half mile southeast of Grangeville ; one-half mile southeast of Brown ; three-fourths mile northwest of Marsh- ville ; one-half mile west of Lynch ; at Deweytown ; and near Benson at the Harrison-Lewis county line. Its horizon also crops in the hills in the northern portion of Eagle district, and the northwestern part of Clay, around the nose of the Wolf Summit anticline ; and southward along the axis of the Shinnston syncline to the vicinity of Lost creek. The high knobs on the Harrison-Upshur county line, 2 miles eastward from Johnstown, probably hold near their summits a few acres of this bed. On the north border of Eagle district, the following sec- • tion was measured at an opening in what appears to be the Uniontown coal, three-fourths mile southeast of Grangeville, near the B. F. Griffin No. 1 well (551) : Feet. Inches. Sandstone, massive, visible 10 0 Shale, buff, sandy 4 0 Coal, slaty, 0" to 0' 2" Sha ] e, dark, soft 1 3 Coal 0 9 Shale, gray 0 4 Coal 1 1— 3 7 Fire clay and concealed to run 10 0 (Elevation of coal, 1010' A. T., aneroid). 192 STRATIGRAPHY— THE MONONGAHELA SERIES. South westward on Little Tenmile, the coal rises above stream level, one-half mile southeast of Brown, and near there the following section was measured on the south side of the railroad : Feet. Inches. Shale 5 0 Coal 0' 3" Shale, dark ; 0 4 Coal 0 4 Shale, dark 3 0 Coal 0 4— 4 3 Fire clay 5 0 (Elevation of coal, 995' A. T., aneroid). Although the bed has a total section of 51 inches, yet it contains only 11 inches of coal. Four miles southwestward on Grass run and three-fourths mile northwest of Marshville, the blossom of this coal crops in the road at an elevation of 1010' A. T., aneroid. In the southern part of Tenmile district the following section was measured at an exposure of the Uniontown coal at Deweytown along the edge of the public road : Feet. Inches. Sandstone, massive, Uniontown Shale 0 4 Black slate 0' 4" Slate, gray 0 1 Coal 0 4— 0 9 (Elevation of coal, 1065' A. T., aneroid). In the northwestern part of Union district the Union- town coal crops in the road one mile and a quarter south of Jarvisville near the I. C. Bennett No. 1 well (495), coming, according to the log of the latter, 300 feet above the Pittsburgh bed. Slightly over a mile southeast of Big Isaac on the head of Stutler fork the coal has been opened near the Frank C. Curry No. 1 well (518) at an elevation of 1095' A. T. aneroid. The thickness was not ascertained here, since the mine had fallen shut. The foregoing data on this bed in Harrison county, ex- hibit a much poorer development of the Uniontown, at least in crop exposures, than in Doddridge. WEST VIRGINIA GEOLOGICAL SURVEY. 1 93 The Uniontown Limestone. The Great Limestone of the First Geological Survey of Pennsylvania has been divided by J. J. Stevenson into two divisions; the Upper, 6 to 18 feet thick, coming immediately under the Uniontown coal, was designated the Uniontown limestone from its relation to the coal bed. In the Doddridge- Harrison area, its thickness, character and relative position in the rock column are exhibited in a fair way by the sections for Sedalia and Brown, pages 70, and 90, respectively. Doddridge County. — In Doddridge this limestone crops over almost the same area as that outlined above for the Uniontown coal, and ranges from 10 to 15 feet thick. About 2 miles north 70°-80° west of New Milton, a sample was col- lected for analysis and the following section measured at an exposure of this ledge on the west bank of Lick run : Feet. Inches. 1. Sandstone, Uniontown 2. Shale and concealed 10 0 3. Limestone, bluish gray and hard 8 0 The analysis of No. 3 is reported by Prof Hite as follows: Per cent. Silica (Si 0 2 ) . , 3.63 Ferric Iron (Fe 2 0 3 ) 1.71 Alumina (A1 2 0 3 ) 0.25 Calcium Carbonate (CaC 0 3 ) 92.26 Magnesium Carbonate (Mg C 0 3 ) 2.18 Phosphoric Acid (P 2 0 5 ) 0.29 Total 100.32 The above results reveal a fair quality of limestone both for agricultural purposes and road material. It adds greatly to the fertility of the soil wherever it crops in either county. D. B. Reger measured the following section at the crop of this limestone on Jockeycamp run, three-fourths mile north of Smithton : 194 STRATIGRAPHY THE MONONGAHELA SERIES. Feet. Sandstone, brown, coarse, massive, Uniontown 30 Coal, Uniontown, and concealed 25 Limestone, Uniontown, good 5 (Elevation of limestone, 845' A. T., aneroid). . It is quite probable that the upper portion of the ledge was concealed here, since the top generally comes 10 to 15 feet below the Uniontown coal and the latter bed does not exceed 4 feet in Doddridge. This limestone crops along Big run, 2 miles northwest of Kelly P. O., at an elevation of 950' to 960' A. T., aneroid. On the north side of the road, nearly opposite the W. B. Maxwell No. 4 well (222), Mr. Reger measured the following section at an exposure of the stratum : Feet. Sandstone, visible 5 Concealed and shale 5 Limestone, good, Uniontown 5 Shale, red, to well (222) 20 (Elevation of limestone, 960' A. T., aneroid). Harrison County. — In Harrison the Uniontown limestone crops over almost the same area as that outlined for the Union- town coal. The log of the I. L. Marsh No. 1 well (373), used in connection with the Brown section, page 90, gives 30 feet of hard limestone at this horizon, immediately under the Un- iontown coal. No such thickness of this stratum was ob- served at crop in the county. In fact, here, the Uniontown appears to be overshadowed by other cropping Monongahela limestones below it. The Arnoldsburg Sandstone. At 40 to 50 feet below the Uniontown sandstone in the vicinity of Arnoldsburg, Calhoun county, there occurs a great, coarse, gray, massive, pebbly and arenaceous stratum that has been designated by the writer 4 the Arnoldsburg sandstone. 4. Wirt-Roane-Calhoun Rept., pp. 202-204, W. Va. Geol. Survey; 1911. WEST VIRGINIA GEOLOGICAL SURVEY. 1 95 In the Doddridge-Harrison area, the sections given on preceding pages for Greenwood, Kelly, Katys Lick and Byron, exhibit the thickness, character and relative position of this formation in the rock column. In Doddridge its crop is confined close to the crest of the Arches fork anticline, near the points where the axis of the fold intersects Buckeye creek, and Meathouse fork of Mid- dle Island, and South and Middle forks of Hughes river. No quarries were observed on this stratum in the county. In Harrison its crop is confined largely to the area east of the 800-foot contour of the Pittsburgh coal on the western slope of the Wolf Summit anticline. It passes into the air over the crest of the latter fold south from, Little Tenmile creek, but comes back into the hills again in the Shinnston structural basin, to again pass into the air over the crest of the Chestnut Ridge arch and again return into the summits of the highest hills in the Grassland syncline. In the vicinity of Clarksburg it makes steep slopes and blufifs 230 to 240 feet above the Pittsburg coal bed. Accord- ing to Mr. Reger, a brown, fine grained and massive sand- stone, 25 feet thick and 235 feet above the Pittsburgh coal, has been quarried for railroad ballast near the summits of the hills, one-third mile south of the city limits of Clarksburg. This quarry rock should correlate with the Arnoldsburg and not the Uniontown as generally supposed, since the latter formation belongs 300 to 310 feet above the Pittsburgh coal in this county. Likewise the T. M. Jackson quarry at the north edge of Clarksburg is on the Arnoldsburg ledge as will appear under the discussion of the Uniontown sandstone, page .... Its character, chemical composition and microscopic structure at this place, will be discussed in a subsequent chap- ter of this report. The Lower Uniontown Coal. At 90 to 100 feet below the Uniontown coal and 200 to 210 feet above the Pittsburgh bed in the Fairmont region of Mar- ion county, there occurs a coal, 12 to 18 inches thick, that has I96 STRATIGRAPHY THE MONONGAHELA SERIES. been designated the Lower Uniontown 5 from its relation to the overlying seam. In Doddridge the horizon of this coal crops only near the points where the axis of the Arches Fork anticline intersects Buckeye creek and Meathouse fork of Middle Island, and the South and Middle forks of Hughes river. In all other por- tions of the county it lies below drainage. It appears to be this coal that was once opened near the mouth of Lower run, one-half mile northeast from Summers P. O., at an elevation of 850' A. T., aneroid, 270 to 280 feet under the Washington bed. The digging had fallen shut so that it was impossible to ascertain its thickness and character. Three and one-half miles due northward the following sec- tion was measured at an exposure of its horizon, one-eighth mile southeast from the mouth of Sheep run : Feet. Inches. 1. Coal, Uniontown, reported (890 B-A. T.).. 1 6 2. Concealed 85 0 3. Sandstone, massive, Arnoldsburg 15 0 4. Shale, sandy 2 0 5. Shale, black (Lower Uniontown coal horizon) 0 2 6. Fire clay shale 3 0 7. Concealed to river 6 0 The interval, 50 feet, seems a little short between the two coals as compared to the Fairmont region, but this may be due in a measure to the westward thinning of the Mononga- hela series. In Harrison this coal crops over practically the same area as that outlined above for the Arnoldsburg sandstone. Ac- tual coal at this horizon was observed at only one point in the county. This was along the hill road on the head of Browns run, three-fourths mile northwest of Shinnston. There the Lower Uniontown is 6 inches thick, 200 to 210 feet above the Pittsburgh bed. The coal does not attain minable thickness at any point in either county; hence, it is only of scientific interest. 5. Vol. 11(A), p. 680, W. Va. Geol. Survey; 1908. WEST VIRGINIA GEOLOGICAL SURVEY. 197 The Fulton Green Shale. At 80 to 90 feet above the Sewickley coal and directly over the Benwood limestone in Ohio county, W. Va., there occurs a bright green and finely laminated shale, % l / 2 to 5 feet thick, that has been designated by G. P. Grimsley 5a the Ful- ton Green Shale from a town of that name just north of Wheeling where it is finely exposed. In the Doddridge-Harrison area it crops over practically the same area as outlined above for the Uniontown limestone. It was only observed at crop, however, at one locality. This was in a railroad cut, one-fifth mile southeast from Lynch where Mr. Reger measured the following section : Feet. Shales, pale green, Fu ton 12 Limestone, hard, silieious, Benwood 4 Shales, limy to railroad grade 8 Here the shales have a tidal elevation of 1035' A. T., aneroid. They do not have any special economic value, but are of scientific interest in that their coloring matter is quite persistent. The Benwood Limestone. The lower division of the Great Limestone of Rogers has been designated by I. C. White the Benwood from a town of that name in Marshall county, near which it crops in prom- inent cliffs. In the Doddridge-Harrison area, the thickness, character and relative position of this stratum in the rock col- umn are given in the sections on preceding pages for Sedalia, Brown, Salem, Wolf Summit, Two Miles North of Clarksburg and Johnstown. In Doddridge this limestone barely gets above drainage where the axis of the Arches Fork anticline intersects Buck- eye creek and Meathouse fork of the Middle Island, and South and Middle forks of Hughes river. Here its horizon appears to be occupied mostly by dark red shales with limestone nug- 5a. Ohio-Brooke-Hancock Report, page 92, W. Va. Geo 1 . Survey; 1906. STRATIGRAPHY THE MONONGAHELA SERIES. gets scattered throughout, especially along the two latter streams. In Harrison this stratum attains a fair development, and crops in the north central and eastern portions of the county. D. B. Reger collected samples for analysis and measured the following section at an exposure of the Benwood limestone on the north bank of Tenmile creek, one-half mile northeast of Marshville : Thickness. Total. Feet. Feet. Sandstone, shaly 5 5 Shale, brown 5 10 Limestone, Benwood: Limestone, good 4 14 Shale, gray 3 17 Sandstone, limy 2 19 Shale, gray, with limestone boulders 15 34 Limestone, silicious 3 37 Shale, variable 10 47 Limestone, shaly 10 57 Limestone, good, visible 3 60 Concealed 4 64 Limestone, good 3 67 Concealed to Tenmile creek 5 72 The two samples were collected from the ledges 10' and 57' from the top of the section, the composition of which is reported as follows by Prof. Hite : Upper Lower Ledge. Ledge. Per cent. Per cent. Silica (Si Od 8.12 7.32 Ferric Iron (Feo0 3 ) .... 1.13 1.18 Alumina (A1 2 0 3 ) 2.17 0.81 Calcium Carbonate (Ca C0 3 ) 83.16 88.12 Magnesium Carbonate (Mg C0 3 ) . . , 4.91 2.08 Phosphoric Acid (P 2 0 3 ) 0.11 0.15 Totals 99.60 99.66 The results reveal a limestone much similar in composi- tion to the same stratum on Scotts run, Monongalia county, as shown by the analysis published on page 94 of the Ohio- Brooke-Hancock report of the State Survey, and disclose a bed adapted for both road material and agricultural purposes. Passing up Tenmile creek to the vicinity of Jarvisville, we find this ledge cropping in the road, three-fourths mile due WEST VIRGINIA GEOLOGICAL SURVEY. 199 west of the town at an elevation of 1070' A. T. aneroid. Here it occurs in hard, yellowish gray layers, the whole having a thickness of 25 feet. In the extreme southeastern part of the county, it crops in the hill road, 2 miles due east from Johnstown, a-t an eleva- tion of 1485' A. T. aneroid. Here it is gray, hard and slightly silicious. The Johnstown section, page 128, exhibits its posi- tion with reference to the Redstone coal, mined near the crop of the limestone. The Upper Sewickley Sandstone. Along the Monongahela river in Marion and Monongalia counties there occurs a massive, arenaceous stratum, 40 to 60 feet thick, immediately over the Sewickley coal, that has been designated from the latter bed the Sewickley sandstone by I. C. White. In this report the writer re-names it the Upper Sewickley sandstone in contradistinction to the Lower Sewickley ledge belonging immediately under the Sewickley coal. In the Doddridge-Harrison area, the sections given on preceding pages for Canton, Long Run, Salem, Wolf Summit, Goodhope, Clarksburg, Byron, Johnstown and Gore disclose its thickness and character. In Doddridge its crop is confined to the immediate vi- cinity of the intersections of the axis of the Arches Fork an- ticline with Meathouse fork and Bluestone creek. It is this sandstone that has been quarried on the former stream near Blandville to furnish piers for the new public highway bridge over Meathouse fork at the mouth of Lick run. Here it is hard, greenish gray, micaceous and pebbly, and its top has an elevation of 820' A. T., aneroid. According to Mr. Reger, the same ledge is quarried a short distance northeast near the mouth of Eibscamp run. Passing southwestward along the axis of the Arches Fork anticline to Bluestone creek, we again find it elevated above drainage. Here, Mr. Reger reports it coarse and gray with large quartz pebbles, the ledge having a thickness of 30 to 40 feet. In Harrison the crop of this stratum is confined mostly 200 STRATIGRAPHY THE M0N0NGAHELA SERIES. to that portion of the county east of the 850-foot Pittsburgh coal structure contour on the western slope of the Wolf Summit anticline. No quarries were observed on this ledge in the latter county, although it frequently attains workable thickness, hardness and purity. The Sewickley Coal. At 70 to 120 feet above the base of the Monongahela series in southwestern Pennsylvania and northern West Vir- ginia there occurs quite a persistent coal bed that has been designated by the First Geological Survey ot Pennsylvania the Sewickley coal. The same bed has been mined to some extent near Mapletown, Greene county, Penna., and for that reason it is frequently referred to by farmers and well drill- ers as the Mapletown bed. In the Doddridge-Harrison area, its thickness, character and relative position in the rock column are exhibited in the sections given on preceding pages for Sedalia, Centerpoint, Brown, Salem, Wolf Summit, Adamsville and Two Miles North of Clarksburg. In Doddridge the crop of its horizon is confined to the immediate vicinity of the intersections of the axis of the Arches Fork anticline with Meathouse fork and Bluestone creek. No coal was observed, however, at either place. In fact, this bed appears to be absent almost entirely from the measures in this county as revealed by the logs of numerous oil and gas wells. The log of the J. Hudson diamond drill boring (21) used in connection with the Sedalia section, page 70, reports the coal only 6 inches thick. In Harrison the Sewickley coal is elevated above drain- age a short distance east from Brown and Marshville and crops over the larger portion of the county east of these towns. As in Doddridge, it does not appear to attain suffi- cient regularity and thickness to be considered an economic asset. The logs of numerous wells bored for oil and gas in almost every portion of the county fail to report this coal. Where it crops in the road, one-third mile west of Jar- visville, it is represented by only a few inches of slaty coal, WEST VIRGINIA GEOLOGICAL SURVEY. 201 at an elevation of 1055' A. T., aneroid. The same is true where its crop is exposed one-half mile southwest of the town. Passing southward 4 or 5 miles to Two Lick creek, we find this bed cropping in the public highway at an elevation of 1085' A. T., aneroid. Here it is only 12 inches thick and very slaty. Mr. Reger reports the blossom of this coal at an eleva- tion of 1215' A. T., aneroid, where it crops in the public highway two miles south of Wolf Summit. Passing to the northeastern portion of the county, we find this bed cropping in the road near the head of Mudlick run at an elevation of 1210' A. T., aneroid. Here it is only 2 inches thick. A short distance southeast, however, on the head of Sugarcamp run, it has thickened up to 6 inches, at an elevation of 1285' A. T., aneroid. Passing southwest 2.5 miles to the hill road leading from Simpson creek over onto Jack run, we find this coal cropping at an elevation of 1170' A. T., aneroid. Here, according to Mr. Reger, it is 3 feet thick, the greatest observed at crop in the area under discussion. Four miles northward, near the east edge of Gypsy, Mr. Reger reports only a thin streak of coal at the horizon of this bed at an elevation of 1015' A. T., aneroid. Where it crops out in the road on Browns run, three- fourths mile northwest from. Shinnston, the coal is only 8 inches thick, at an elevation of 1020' A. T., aneroid. Although its horizon crops over a large portion of south- ern and southeastern Harrison, no coal was observed at num- erous exposures of the same. The Lower Sewickley Sandstone. / At 5 to 10 feet under the Sewickley coal near Gore station, Harrison county, there occurs a buff, fine grained, micaceous, massive and arenaceous stratum, 25 to 30 feet thick, that has been named by the writer the Lower Sewick- ley sandstone in contradistinction to the Upper Sewickley above. There it has been quarried for building purposes by 202 STRATIGRAPHY THE M0N0NGAHELA SERIES. F. Flowers. Its position here in the rock column is well exhibited in the Gore section, page 181. It is also noted in the section for Byron and Johnstown, pages 122 and 128, having a thickness of 20 and 30 feet, respectively. In this county it crops over practically the same area as that out- lined above for the Sewickley coal. In Doddridge this stratum does not get above drainage at any point in the county. Its nearest approach to cropping is near the intersections of the axis of the Arches fork anti- cline with Meathouse fork and Bluestone creek, where the top portion of the ledge may possibly get above stream level. The Sewickley Limestone. At a few feet below the Sewickley coal there occurs a cal- careous stratum, that has been designated by J. J. Steven- son the Sewickley limestone from its association with the coal of that name. Its relative position in the rock column in the Doddridge-Harrison area is exhibited in the sections for Centerpoint and Brown, pages 72 and 90, respectively, The ledge does not get above drainage in Doddridge county. In Harrison the horizon of this limestone crops in the hills along or near the crest of the Wolf Summit anticline from Bingamon creek southward to Kincheloe creek, and eastward from this fold in the rocks across the Shinnston Basin to near the crest of the Chestnut ridge anticline where it passes into the air to return again into the hills in the Grassland Basin. In the middle and southern portions of the county it appears to have been replaced almost entirely by brown and sandy shales and sandstones, as no limestone was observed at this horizon in that region. Northward, however, at the Marion county line, it appears in good devel- opment on and near the mouth of Bingamon creek, accord- ing to D. B. Reger, who also reports it only one foot thick near the common corner to Harrison, Taylor, and Barbour counties. At the north edge of Clarksburg, John L. Johnston, in his Pinnickinnick Hill section, page 182, reports nine feet of this limestone, immediately under the Sewickley coal. In WEST VIRGINIA GEOLOGICAL SURVEY. 203 the section for Two Miles North of Clarksburg, page 112, Mr. Reger reports the same horizon as occupied by sandy shale and limestone; hence, its distribution is quite irregular over the greater portion of the county. The Redstone Coal. At 50 to 70 feet below the Sewickley coal and 20 to 40 feet over the Pittsburgh seam there occurs a coal bed that has been designated the Redstone coal by H. D. Rogers from its outcrop along Redstone creek, Fayette, county, Penna. Next to the Pittsburgh vein it is the most important deposit of fuel in the Doddridge-Harrison area. Its thick- ness, character and relative position in the rock column are exhibited in the sections given on preceding pages for Can- ton, Salem, Wolf Summit S., Goodhope, Grassland, Byron, Romines Mills and Johnstown. Doddridge County. — The Redstone does not crop at any point in this county, being entirely below drainage, but in the northern portion, in the region of Centerpoint and Eagle Mills, the coal is reported in the logs of several wells drilled for oil and gas. The following table, which explains itself, is a list of the wells in which it was recorded : 204 STRATIGRAPHY THE MONONGAHELA SERIES. List of Doddridge County Wells Recording Redstone Coal. Map No. Name of Well Location Elevation of Well Mouth L T. Redstone Goal Depth Feet Thic kness Feet 56 Emaline Snodgrass No. 1 . . Centerpoint, 3 y 2 mi. N 980B 770 58 Sydney Joseph No. 1 Centerpoint, 2y 2 mi. N 905B 566 , , 71 Sulivan Heirs No. 1 Centerpoint, % mi. N. W. . 775B 419 6 79 I. J. Allen No. 1 Eagle Mills, 1.2 mi. E 748L 500 80 Silas Langfitt No. 4 Eagle Mills, 0.1 mi. S. W.. 743L 444 81 Silas Langfitt No. 7 Eagle Mills, 0.2 mi. N. W. . 748B 470 . . 83 O. W. O. Hardman No. 25. Eagle Mills, 1.5 mi. N 855B? 740 87 W. B. Allen No. 7 Eagle Mills, 1.0 mi. N. E. . 825B 500 88 Chas. Stewart No. 7 Eagle Mills, 0.9 mi. S. W.. 748L 333 , , 89 J. D. McReynolds No. 1 Eagle Mills, 1.3 mi. S 750B 330 4 99 Wm. Sandy No. 2 Eagle Mills, 3.0 mi. S. W. . 920B 550 . . 100 Wm. Sandy No. 1 Eagle Mills, 3.0 mi. S. W. . 1160B 798 • • The thickness was recorded in only Nos. 71 and 89. According to well drillers in this region, they were able to note only a thin streak of coal at this horizon, apparently about one foot thick, and for that reason only the depth in most cases was recorded. The record of the J. Hudson diamond drill boring (21), used in connection with the section for Sedalia, page 70, reveals its entire absence from the meas- ures. The logs of a large number of other wells in northern Doddridge, as well as a large number in the central and southern portions of the county, fail to record the bed ; hence, it is not likely that the coal attains minable thickness and regularity. Harrison County. — Since the Redstone coal occurs only 20 to 40 feet above the Pittsburgh seam, the crop of the horizon of the former in Harrison follows closely the same area as that outlined for the latter bed. Where the coal ap- WEST VIRGINIA GEOLOGICAL SURVEY. 205 parently attains minable thickness and regularity in the southern and southeastern portion of the county, the crop is designated by an appropriate symbol on this map. In other portions of the area it is omitted. In Sardis, Ten Mile, Eagle, Clay, Coal and Clark districts the coal is thin, irregular and unimportant. D. B. Reger measured the following section at an exposure of the Red- stone at the point where the Pittsburgh bed passes under Little Tenmile creek, three-fourths mile northwest of Dola: Dola Section. Thickness. Total. Feet. Feet. Sandstone, shaly 5 5 Slate, gray 8 13 Sandstone, limy 3 16 Slate, gray 3 19 Coal, good 2' 0" | Slate, gray 1 4 Redstone coal. . 3.5 22.5 22.5' Coal 0 2 J Slate, gray 1 23.5 Limestone, good, to R. R. ] grade 5' [ Redstone Concealed 5 f Limestone . . 20 43.5 Limestone, good 10 J Concealed 7 50.5 28' Coal, Pittsburgh. The section reveals the thickest coal observed at this horizon in the above mentioned districts. It evidently rep- resents a local thickening of the bed, as another section, measured only 1.2 miles northeast of Dola on Peters run re- vealed but 6 inches of coal. Passing northeastward to Jones creek, the following sec- tion was measured at its crop along the public road, one-half mile northwest of Jimtown : Feet. Inches. Shale Coal, Redstone 0 10 Fire clay 2 0 Limestone, Redstone 3 0 Concealed (Elevation of coal, 1040' A. T., aneroid). Passing northeast four miles to Bingamon creek, the Redstone coal is found cropping in the north edge of Wyatt 206 STRATIGRAPHY THE MONONGAHELA SERIES. at an elevation of 990' A. T., aneroid. Here it is only 12 inches thick, immediately over 8 feet of limestone. Near the mouth of Cunningham run at Peora, Mr. Reger reports this bed 12 inches thick and slaty. Here it comes immediately over the Redstone limestone and 16 feet above the Pittsburgh coal. Its elevation is 965' A. T., aneroid. The following section was measured at the crop of the coal one mile and a half southwest of Shinnston at the mouth of Robinson run : Shale Feet. Inches. Coal Black slate with coal streaks..., . . . . V 0" . . . .2 6 — 3 6 Fire clay shale 6 Limestone, Redstone 12 0 Where the bed crops in the public highway at the M. E. Denham No. 1 well (585), one mile northwest of Lumber- port, it is only 4 inches thick, coming 25 feet over the Pitts- burgh seam, and at an elevation of 1135' A. T., aneroid. Five miles southeastward and one-half mile due south of Saltwell, the coal crops in the hill road at an elevation of 1090' A. T., aneroid. Here it is 20 inches thick and 30 feet above the Pittsburgh bed. * In the extreme southern point of Simpson district; in the southeastern portion of Elk ; in the southern part of Grant; and in the southeastern portion of Union, entirely different conditions prevail with this coal. There it has fre- quently thickened up to seven feet, excelling both in quality and thickness in several instances the Pittsburgh bed below; the latter in this region being 2 to 3 feet thinner than in other portions of the county where it attains *its best development. Two and one-half miles southwest from Grassland, the following section was measured at the S. R. Bartlett mine in this coal on the south side of Stout run : Feet. Inches. 1. Sandstone, flaggy, brown and gray, with fossil plants 10 0 2. Coal 1' 10 "1 3. Slate, black 0 0% j *4. Coal 0 6 [-Redstone?... 5 5. Slate, black 0 0 V 8 | 6. Coal 3 0 j 7. Concealed by water. (Elevation, 1220' A. T., aneroid). WEST VIRGINIA GEOLOGICAL SURVEY. 207 The section resembles somewhat the Pittsburgh bed, but its interval, 170 feet, above the Little Clarksburg coal, ap- pears too great for it to represent that seam. The partings, Nos. 3 and 5 of section, may be only local or weathered con- ditions, as water prevented the measurement of a section inside the mine. Three fourths mile northeastward and on the same side of Stout run, the following section was measured where both beds were opened in the same hill, one almost directly over the other. Both mines had fallen shut: Feet. Inches. Coal, Redstone, reported 6' to 7 0 Concealed 18 0 Coal, Pittsburgh 5 0 One-fourth mile northward and two miles south of Grass- land samples for analysis were collected and the following section was measured at the L. P. Loudin mine in the Red- stone coal. L. P. Loudin Mine, No. 6 on Map. Feet. Inches. 1. Sandy slate 2. Coal 4 2 3. Coal, cannel 0 5 4. Fire clay. The samples w r ere collected from Nos. 2 and 3 of section, the composition and calorific value of which are reported by Prof. Hite as follows : Proximate. Ultimate. No. 2. No. 3. No. 2. No. 3. Per Per Per Per cent. cent. cent. cent. Moisture ...0.91 0.88 Carbon . . 79.96 64.50 Volatile Matter. . 35.24 32.32 Hydrogen . . 5.27 3.69 Fixed Carbon . . . . 59.02 44.30 Oxygen .. 7.35 5.31 Ash . 4.83 22.50 Nitrogen . . 0.98 1.22 Sulphur .. 1.61 2.78 Totals .100.00 100.00 Ash . . 4.83 22.50 Sulphur . . 1.61 2.78 Totals . .100.00 100.00 Phosphorus .... . . 0.004 0.039 No. 2. No. 3. Calorimeter B. T. U 14,088 11,396 Calculated B. T. U 14,392 11,373 Carbon. Fuel ratio = - = 6.56 2.32 Oxygen + Ash 208 STRATIGRAPHY THE MONONGAHELA SERIES. The results obtained for No. 2 show this bed to be a high grade coal. The fuel ratio (6.56) is slightly higher than that obtained for the Pittsburgh vein in Harrison county. The following detailed hand-level section was measured along the hill road leading southwest from Brushy fork, in the extreme southern point of Simpson district: Brushy Fork Section. Feet. Concealed Coal, Redstone, visible 4 Fire clay shale and concealed 6 Limestone, gray and hard,] Rp# ,_ tn _ p 9 weathered yellowish . ... [ bedstone ... A Concealed with limestone. .. J - jimeR one •• Shale, huff, limy 6 Coal 2' 5 " 1 Slate, black 0 0% | Pittsburgh coal. G Coal 0 6 H Elevation > 1260 ' Bone 0 1 | B-A. T.) Coal 3 6 J Concealed, aneroid measurement 140 Coal, Little Clarksburg 1 Fire clay shale 5 Limestone, gray and hard, Clarksburg 4 Inches. 0 0 0 0 0 6 % 0 0 0 0 The section is interesting in that the detailed formations, separating the Redstone and Pittsburgh coals in this region are given. The undoubted Redstone limestone is noted, and the latter coal has its type structure of the northern end of the State. The interval between the Pittsburg and Little Clarksburg coals is shown to be only 140 feet; hence, the identification of the coal at the S. R. Bartlett mine as the Redstone, page 206, is apparently correct. Passing 5 to 6 miles southwestward to the low gap, one- half mile east of Johnstown, we find the following section exposed at the Samuel Lewis mine on the south side of the public road: Feet. Inches. Concealed, steep bluff Shales, sandy 10 0 Coal, good, Redstone 5 10 Fire clay (Elevation of coal, 1305' A. T., aneroid). WEST VIRGINIA GEOLOGICAL SURVEY. 209 The coal does not seem to carry any partings whatever. Like other mines in this region, the coal is used for local do- mestic fuel only. The Redstone coal has been opened by John Lewis, one mile north 70 to 80 degrees west from Johnstown, at an ele- vation of 1405' A. T., aneroid. Here the bed carries 5' 10" to 6' 0" of clean coal. Three-fourths mile southeast from Johnstown, a sample for analysis was collected and the following section measured at the Gary Harris mine on the northeast side of the hill road : Gary Harris Mine, No. 7 on Map. Feet. Inches. 1. Concealed 2. Coal, Redstone 7 1 3. Concealed 30 0 4. Coals, Pittsburgh, reported by John Har- ris 3 0 The sample was collected from No. 2 of section, the com- position and calorific value of which is reported by Prof. Hite as follows : Proximate Analysis. Per cent. Moisture 0.76 Volatile Matter 39.03 Fixed Carbon 55.34 Ash 4.87 Total 100.00 Sulphur 2.82 Phosphorus 0.020 Ultimate Analysis. Per cent. Carbon 77.27 Hydrogen 5.20 Oxygen 8.77 Nitrogen 1.07 Sulphur 2.82 Ash 4.87 Total 100.00 Calorimeter B. T. U Calculated B. T. U Carbon Fuel ratio = Oxygen -|- Ash 13,991 13,901 77.27 = 5.66 8.77 + 4.87 The lower fuel ratio than that given for the Loudin sam- ple, page 207, may be attributed to the slightly higher oxygen content, caused by more or less weathered conditions of coal at country banks. The section shows a greater thickness of Redstone coal observed at crop than at any other place in the county. It 210 STRATIGRAPHY THE MONONGAHELA SERIES. also exhibits a pronounced thinning of the Pittsburgh bed. One mile and a half southwest from Johnstown, the fol- lowing section is exposed at the J. P. Queen mine in the Redstone coal, within 300 to 400 feet of the common corner to Harrison, Upshur, and Lewis counties : Feet. Inches. Sandstone, massive, forms bluff, Lower Se- wickley 60 0 Slate, gray, 5' to 10 0 Coal, clean, good Redstone : . . . 6 0 Fire clay and concealed 30 0 Coal, Pittsburgh, (thickness concealed) (Elevation of Redstone coal, 1363' A. T., spirit level). The Redstone coal has been opened in several places by farmers on south up Rooting creek in Upshur county and across the divide on Plackers creek. There it ranges from 4 to 7 feet thick, and maintains its high reputation as a do- mestic fuel. Along the southern border of Grant district, 1.5 miles due south of Rockford, the Redstone coal has been opened near the summit of the hills at an elevation of 1500' A. T., aneroid. There its thickness is concealed, but the bed comes 10 feet below 40 feet of grayish brown, medium grained, and flaggy sandstone (Lower Sewickley). Passing northwestward 1.5 miles to the low gap 1.4 miles southwest of Rockford, we find an old abandoned mine in this bed, 25 feet above the crop of the Pittsburgh vein at an elevation of 1430' A. T., aneroid. Here the opening had fal- len shut, but the coal was reported 6 feet thick. In the vicinity of McWhorter station along the extreme southern border of the county, the Redstone coal has been mined on a commercial scale by three different coal compan- ies as shown by mines Nos. 9, 10 and 11 on the General and Economic Geology map accompanying this report. Its thick- ness, character and composition at these mines will be dis- cussed in a subsequent chapter. One mile due north of McWhorter on the extreme head of Duck creek, D. B. Reger collected a sample for analysis and measured the following section at the James McIntyre mine : WEST VIRGINIA GEOLOGICAL SURVEY. 211 James McIntyre Mine, No. 8 on Map. Feet. Inches. 1. Slate, black 2. Coal, good, no partings, Redstone 5 8 3. Shale, gray and concealed 20 0 4. Coal blossom, Pittsburgh (Elevation of Redstone coal, 1359' A. T., spirit level). The sample was collected from No. 2 of section, the com- position and calorific value of which is reported by Prof. Hite as follows : Proximate Analysis. Per cent. Moisture 1.40 Volatile Matter 35.57 Fixed Carbon 58.72 Ash 4.31 Total 100.00 Sulphur 1.01 Phosphorus 0.018 Ultimate Analysis. Per cent. Carbon 79.15 Hydrogen 4.96 Oxygen 9.43 Nitrogen 1.14 Sulphur 1.01 Ash 4.31 Total 100.00 Calorimeter B. T. U Calculated B. T. U Carbon Fuel ratio = Oxygen + Ash 14,199 13,897 79.15 = 5.76 9.43 + 4.31 Northward on Lost creek, northwest from Lost Creek station, the coal has been opened by farmers along both sides of the latter stream. One mile northwest from the town and on the north side of the creek, D. B. Reger measured the following section : Section One Mile N. W. of Lost Creek. Feet. Sandstone 10 Coal, Redstone (thickness concealed) about. 5 Concealed 10 Limestone 1' | Shale 5 }• Redstone. . . 8 Limestone 2 j Slate 3 Coal, Pittsburgh, about 5 (Elevation of Redstone coal, 1270' A. T., aneroid). Inches. 0 0 0 0 0 0 STRATIGRAPHY THE MONONGAHELA SERIES. One mile and a half northeast of Lost Creek station, the Redstone has thinned down to one foot, and aDout the same thickness occurs near Byron. Passing on down Lost creek to a point one mile southeast from West Milford, we find an opening in the Redstone di- rectly over another opening in the Pittsburgh bed, .according to Mr. Reger. The Redstone coal was reported 7 feet thick by a farmer. Crossing West Fork river into Union district, we find an old opening in the Redstone coal on the D. M. Cole land on Two Lick creek, 1.6 miles south 20° west from Tichenal P. O., at an elevation of 1035' A. T., aneroid. Here the mine had fallen shut, but it was reported 7 feet thick. Southwestward on the waters of Kincheloe creek, the coal has been opened by Clark Gaston, 100 yards north of Mineral P. O. Here the following section was measured : Feet. Inches Sandstone, massive Shale, dark 8 0 Coal, Redstone 6 0 Concealed 19 0 Limestone, Redstone 8 0 Concealed 4 0 Coal, Pittsburgh (Elevation of Redstone coal, 1025' A. T., aneroid). The coal has been opened three-fourths mile east of Mineral, opposite the mouth of Turkey run. Here the mine had partly fallen shut, but the length of the mine props used gives the bed a thickness of 4 to 5 feet. Additional details as to the thickness, character, heat value, and probable available area of this coal will be given in a subsequent chapter of this report. The Redstone Limestone. Frequently most of the interval between the Redstone and Pittsburgh coals is occupied by a calcareous stratum that has been named the Redstone limestone by J. J. Stevenson from its association with the overlying coal. It lies entirely below drainage in Doddridge. In Harri- WEST VIRGINIA GEOLOGICAL SURVEY. 213 son this stratum crops over practically the same area as that outlined for the Pittsburgh coal bed, as it overlies the latter only one to ten feet. The sections for Grassland, Dola, Brushy Fork, and One Mile Northwest of Lost Creek, ex- hibit its thickness, character, and relative position in the rock column in the area under discussion. In the extreme northern portion of Harrison, this lime- stone crops at an elevation of 890' A. T., aneroid, at the north edge of Wyatt. Here it is yellowish gray, hard, and 8 feet thick, coming directly under 1 foot of Redstone coal. Passing southeastward 1.3 miles to Peora, we find the following section exposed on the south side of Bingamon creek, according to Mr. Reger: Peora Section. Feet. Sandstone 10 Concealed 15 Coal, slaty, Redstone 1 Limestone, good, Redstone 8 Shale, gray 8 Coal, Pittsburgh 7 Concealed to creek 6 Passing southeastward from Peora 2.5 miles to the mouth of Pigeon run, we find this limestone cropping in a railroad cut. Here the following section was measured : Feet. Inches. 1. Coal 1' 0" 1 2. Black slate with coal J- Redstone.. . 8 6 streaks 2 6 J 3. Fire clay shale 0 6 4. Limestone, gray and hard, Redstone.... 12 0 5. Shale, dark gray and limy 8 0 6. Coal, Pittsburgh, visible 7 0 • A sample for analysis was collected from the limestone (No. 4 of section), the composition of which is reported by Prof. Hite as follows: 214 STRATIGRAPHY THE MONONGAHELA SERIES. Per cent. Silica (Si 0 2 ) 10.23 Ferric Iron (Fe 2 0 3 ) 4.84 Alumina (A1 2 0 3 ) 9.66 Calcium Carbonate (Ca C 0 3 ) 54.98 Magnesium Carbonate (Mg C 0 3 ) 11.86 Phosphoric Acid (P 2 0 5 ) 0.09 Loss on ignition 9.07 Total 100.73 The result classes this ledge as a magnesian limestone, as it contains more than 10 per cent magnesium carbonate (Mg. C0 3 ). It is too high in the latter to manufacture Port- land cement, but would burn into a fair quality of agricultural lime. In fact, this limestone adds greatly to the fertility of the soil wherever it crops in Harrison county. Passing westward 4.5 miles to Jones creek, we find it cropping along the road, one-half mile northwest from Jim- town, at an elevation of 1035' A. T., aneroid. Here, only 3 feet of the ledge is visible, 2 feet below 10 inches of Redstone coal. Passing 2.4 miles southwestward, we find it cropping 0.7 mile northwest of Dola. Its thickness there is given in the section for Dola, page 205 It is this stratum that crops in the road, one mile north- west of Lumberport, at the M. E. Denham No. 1 well (585) at an elevation of 1130' A. T., aneroid. Here it is 15 feet thick, directly under 4 inches of Redstone coal. D. B. Reger collected a sample of the Redstone lime- stone for analysis and measured the following section on the east bank of West Fork river, 0.4 mile north of Gypsy: 1 . 2 . 3 ! 4. 5. 6 . 7. 8 . 9. Gypsy Section. Feet. Shales 5 Sandstone, limy 1 Sha’es, brown and concealed 10 Coal, slaty, Redstone 1 Limestone, silicious 7'] „ , , ...» Shale, limy and red 5 Coal, Pittsburgh, to B. & O. R. R. grade 5 WEST VIRGINIA GEOLOGICAL SURVEY. 215 The sample for analysis was collected from No. 5 of sec- tion only, the composition of which is reported by Prof. Hite as follows : Per cent. Silica (Si 0 2 ) 16.81 Ferric Iron (Fe 2 0 3 ) 2.65 Alumina (A1 2 0 3 ) 3.87 Calcium Carbonate (Ca C0 3 ) 61.30 Magnesium Carbonate (Mg C0 3 ) 14.64 Phosphoric Acid P 2 0 5 ) 0.16 Total 99.43 The analysis reveals a magnesian limestone like the sam- ple from the mouth of Pigeon run, page 213, although it does not give a sufficient amount of the magnesium carbonate (Mg CO s ) to classify the ledge with dolomite. At Clarksburg this limestone is reported in the Pinnick- innick Hill section, page 182, coming 5 feet under the Red- stone coal and having a thickness of 6 feet. Passing southeastward to the southern point of Simpson district, we find it cropping along the hill road leading south- west from Brushy fork, at an elevation of 1270' A. T., aneroid. Here it is gray on fresh fracture, weathering yellowish and comes 6 feet under the Redstone coal, as will appear in the Brushy Fork section, page 208. Passing southwest from Grassland 8 miles to the south- ern border of Harrison, we find this limestone cropping at the J. T. Freeman No. 1 well (723) between an opening in the Redstone coal and another in the Pittsburgh bed. Here it occupies a large portion of the interval — 29 feet — separating the two coals. Northward on Lost creek this stratum is divided into two distinct ledges by 5 feet of shale, according to Mr. Reger, as exhibited by the section for One Mile N. W. of Lost Creek, page 211. Crossing the West Fork river to the waters of Isaac creek, one-half mile northwest of Tichenal P. O., this lime- stone is found 8 feet thick and quite prominent along the run near the W. B. Brown No. 1 well (496). Here, according to Mr. Reger, it was once burned for agricultural lime by Asa Burnside for Leeman Maxwell. 216 STRATIGRAPHY THE MONONGAHELA SERIES. One mile and a half due south of Tichenal, it crops along the road. There it is yellowish and hard, 6 to 8 feet thick, 11 feet over the Pittsburg coal. Passing southwestward 2 miles to Mineral P. O., we find the Redstone limestone cropping close to creek level at an elevation of 1000' A. T., hand level. Here it is 6 to 8 feet thick. Sufficient data have been given to show that the Red- stone limestone ranges from 5 to 15 feet thick at nearly all portions of the county where its crop is exposed, and for that reason should furnish a very large supply of road material, as well as lime for agriculaural purposes. The Upper Pittsburgh Sandstone. From 1 to 20 feet over the Pittsburgh coal there often occurs a massive arenaceous stratum that has been designated the Pittsburgh sandstone by H. D. Rogers from its associa- tion with the coal below. Later it has been named the Upper Pittsburgh in contradistinction to the Lower Pittsburgh sand- stone a short distance under the same coal. In the Doddridge-Harrison area, the thickness, character and relative position of this formation in the rock column, are given in the sections for Sedalia and Long Run, pages 70 and 77, respectively. It is entirely below drainage in Doddridge, but in Har- rison it should crop over practically the same area as out- lined for the Pittsburgh coal. In the northern portion of the latter county, it is frequently quite massive. One mile and a half southeast of Dola, it is 20 feet thick, directly over the Pittsburgh coal, according the Mr. Reger. No quarries were observed on this ledge in the county. The Pittsburgh Coal. The Pittsburgh coal bed is the basal formation of the Monongahela series, and it was named by J. P. Lesley in 1856 from the city of Pittsburgh, Penna., where it crops high up in the river hills. Oh page 164 of Vol. II of the State WEST VIRGINIA GEOLOGICAL SURVEY. 217 Survey reports, I. C. White gives a very interesting account of this great coal seam and its influence on the industrial growth of that city and northern West Virginia. In the area under discussion the Pittsburgh coal lies entirely below drainage in Doddridge county, but in Har- rison it crops over a great portion of its area, as out- lined in detail on the General, and Economic Geology map accompanying this report. Thereon it will be noted that the great Wolf Summit and Chestnut Ridge anticline are respon- sible for its elevation above drainage. In fact, along the crests of each arch in several places it passes into the air over the summits of the highest hills. As mentioned on preceding pages of this report, this stratum is largely used as a key rock by oil and gas well drillers to determine the position of the oil and gas bearing sands. The map referred to above also exhibits by means of contour lines, printed in green, the elevation above mean tide of the top of this coal in every portion of the two counties. It also shows the accurate location of the oil and gas wells, dry holes, and diamond drill borings, a large number of which have been given the same serial number for reference pur- poses, both on the map and in this report. These numbered wells have been listed in two tables, one for each county, on subsequent pages. A large number of the wells therein record not only the depth to the Pittsburgh coal, but in many instances the thickness as well. The reader is referred to these tables of wells for a large fund of information as to this bed. In every portion of Harrison county, wherever not re- moved by erosion, the coal appears to attain minable thick- ness and regularity, as revealed by the logs of a large num- ber of oil and gas wells and exposures at crop. In Doddridge an entirely different condition is found to prevail The eastern one-third of its area is underlaid with Pittsburgh coal, ranging from 5 to 10 feet thick, according to well records, but the western part of the county appears to be barren of commercial coal at this horizon, although the latter is deeply buried below drainage at every point. The approximate western boundary line where the Pittsburgh 218 STRATIGRAPHY THE MONONGAHELA SERIES. coal bed of commercial thickness and purity disappears is out- lined in detail on the Economic Geology map accompanying this report. J. J. Stevenson was the first geologist to make a de- tailed study of the structure of this coal. In Report K of the Second Geol. Survey of Penna., he shows that a series of thin parting clays and slates subdivide the vein into several distinct beds as follows : 1. Roof coals. 2. Over clay. 3. Breast coal. 4. Parting. 5. Bearing-in coal. 6. Parting. 7. Brick coal. 8. Parting. 9. Bottom coal. A full description of the character and thickness of these separate beds is given by I. C. White on pages 166-172 of Vol. II, W. Va. Geol. Survey reports. At this time there are 60 to 70 commercial mines in the Pittsburgh coal in Harrison, and none in Doddrigde. All are driven in directly on the crop of the bed or by slope. The following is a general type section of the seam as exhibited in these mines : 1. Draw slate 2. Roof coal. 3. Coal 4. Bone 5. Coal 6. Bone 7. Coal 8. Bone 9. Coal Feet. Inches. 1 0 1 2 0 1 0 4 0 0*4 0 3 0 1 4 9 Total 7 8 % Nos. 2 and 3 of the section correspond to the “breast coal” of Stevenson; Nos. 5-7 to the “bearing-in coal”; and No. 9 to the “brick” and “bottom” coals. It will be noted that the “bearing-in coal” carries a thin parting (No. 6) in this region. WEST VIRGINIA GEOLOGICAL SURVEY. 219 The thickness, character, composition, and calorific value of the coal at the several commercial mines, as well as local country banks, will be discussed in detail in a subsequent chapter on the coal resources of the two counties. Likewise, an estimate will be given on the probable available area of the bed by magisterial districts. CHAPTER VII. THE CONEMAUGH SERIES. The Conemaugh series is that division of the rock column that begins at base with the top of the Upper Free- port coal and extends up to the base of the Pittsburgh coal bed. This group of rocks was formerly known as the Lower Barren Measures, and later as the Elk River series. The name Conemaugh was the earliest applied to the series by Franklin Platt in 1875, from the outcrop along Conemaugh river in Cambria county, Penna. In Vol. II, pp. 225-226 of the State .Survey reports, I. C. White gives an interesting ac- count of this series in West Virginia. This group of rocks lies entirely below drainage in Dod- dridge, but in Harrison, the Wolf Summit and Chestnut Ridge anticlines elevate the series into the hills and valleys. The Conemaugh crop in this county is outlined in detail on the General and Economic Geology map accompanying this report, and its thickness ranges from 525 feet in northwestern Doddridge to almost 600 feet in southeastern Harrison. The *writer has compiled the following general section of the Conemaugh series in West Virginia from a large number of detailed sections of these measures as published in the State Survey reports. As these rocks were first studied and described in Pennsylvania, a large percentage of the names are taken from places in that State. Several have been added later, however, from Ohio and West Virginia: General Section of Conemaugh Series in West Virginia. Thickness. Depth. Feet. Feet. Fire clay and shale 5 5 Sandstone, massive, Lower Pittsburgh 35 40 Shale, gray 3 43 Upper Pittsburgh Limestone 4 47 WEST VIRGINIA GEOLOGICAL SURVEY. 221 Thickness. Total. Feet. Feet. Coal, Little Pittsburgh 1 48 48' Fire clay and gray shale 7 55 Lower Pittsburgh Limestone 10 65 Shale, sandy and red 58 123 Sandstone, massive, pebbly, Connellsvilie. .. 25 148 Coal, Little Clarksburg 2 150 102' Shale, dark 5 155 Limestone, gray and hard, Clarksburg 10 165 Shale, sandy and red 48 213 Sandstone, massive, Morgantown 40 253 Coal, Elk Lick 2 255 105' Fire clay and shale 10 265 Limestone, gray, Elk Lick 5 270 Shale, sandy and red, Birmingham 10 280 Sandstone, massive, pebbly, Grafton 20 300 Limestone, fossiliferous, Upper Ames 4 304 Shale, fossiliferous, dark green 15 319 Limestone, fossiliferous, Lower Ames 3 322 Shale, dark 6 328 Coal, Harlem 2 330 75' Fire clay and shale, red 10 340 Limestone, gray, Ewing 5 345 Red shale, ‘Pittsburgh Reds” 40 385 Sandstone, massive, Saltsburg 40 425 Coal, Bakerstown 1 426 96' Fire clay 3 429 Limestone, Pine Creek 1 430 Shale 15 445 Sandstone, massive, pebbly, Buffalo 50 495 69' Brush Creek limestone... 5'] Shale, black 10 | Don’t outcrop Coal, Brush Creek j- in Doddridge- 95 590 95' Sandstone, Mahoning to j Harrison area. SECTIONS. ( In Chapter IV a number of sections of the Conemaugh series in both counties are published. In addition, several scattered sections of these measures as exposed at crop in Harrison will now be given. The following section was measured with aneroid from the summit of a high knob on the head of Ann run in the northeast corner of Simpson district, northeastward along the hill road to Corbin branch of Booths creek. Additional formations were added from exposures along the road leading southwest down Ann run : 222 STRATIGRAPHY THE CONEMAUGH SERIES. Section on Head of Ann Run, Simpson District. Thickness Monongahela Series (10') Sandstone, massive, capping knob, Upper Total. Conemaugh Series. Concealed and fire clay Limestone, gray and brecciated 1 Sandstone, massive, coarse, Connellsville. . Concealed 39.5 Black slate, Little Clarksburg coal horizon.. Limestone, gray and hard . . 1 ' ) . , Limestone; yellowish 4 J Clarksburg .. Concealed, massive sandstone and concealed Concealed and shale ... Fire clay shale Shale, red Shale, red, concealed and sandstone 32 Concealed Coal blossom, Elk Lick Fire clay shale 15 Concealed Shale, red 10 Sandstone, Grafton Shale, red and brown Concealed and shale Coal, Harlem, 8" to Coal Slate, gray . Coal 11 0y 2 ° {►Bakerstown coal.. « j Feet. Feet. 10 10 10' 35 45 0 45 29 74 1 75 20 95 39.5 134.5 0.5 135 125' 5 140 29.5 169.5 0.5 170 5 175 5 180 5 185 32 217 3 220 0 220 85' 15 235 5 240 10 250 40 290 15 305 4 309 1 310 90' 39.5 349.5 0.5 350 30 380 1.46 381.46 71.46' Fire clay and concealed to Corbin branch level due east of northeast corner Simp- son district 5 386.46 The section was measured almost along the strike of the strata and for that reason the intervals and totals are ap- proximately correct. The following section of the Conemaugh series was measured with aneroid by D. B. Reger from an opening in the Pittsburgh coal near the low gap southwest of Tyconnell Mines, Taylor county, southwestward along the hill road leading down to Beards run: WEST VIRGINIA GEOLOGICAL SURVEY. 223 Beards Run Section, Simpson District. Thickness. Total Feet. Feet. Concealed 20 20 Sandstone, flaggy, Lower Pittsburgh 30 50 Concealed 40 90 Sandstone, shaly 10 100 Concealed 10 110 Shale, brown 10 120 Concealed 24.5 144.5 Coal (6"), Little Clarksburg 0.5 145 145' Concealed 25 170 Shale, red 10 180 Sandstone, flaggy 10 190 Shale, variegated 20 210 Sandstone, flaggy, Morgantown, to foot of hill road 25 235 Concealed 74 309 Coal, Harlem 1 310 165' The following section of the top portion of the Cone- maugh series was measured from an opening in the Pitts- burgh coal northeastward along the hill road leading down to Lost creek, two miles west of the town of that name : Section Two Miles West of Lost Creek, Grant District. Thickness. Total. Feet. Feet. Concealed 29 29 Fire clay, Little Pittsburg coal horizon 1 30 Concea’ed 30 60 Shale, red 20 80 Concealed, mostly sandstone 35 115 Sandstone, shaly, Connellsville 10 125 Shale and concealed 4 129 Coal, Little Clarksburg 1 130 The following section of the upper portion of the Cone- maugh series was measured with aneroid from an opening in the Pittsburgh coal located in the low gap, two miles south- west of Goodhope, northward along the hill road to Two Lick creek : Section Two Miles Southwest of Goodhope, Union District., Thickness. Total. Feet. Feet. 10 10 5 15 Concealed Shale . . . 224 STRATIGRAPHY THE CONEMAUGH SERIES. Thickness. Total. Feet. Feet. Sandstone, Lower Pittsburgh 10 25 Concealed 25 50 50' Fire clay 0 50 Shale, red and huff 15 65 Concealed 15 80 Sandstone, flaggy 15 95 Concealed 10 105 Shale, dark red, limy 5 110 Concealed 20 130 Shale, red 9 139 Limestone, gray and hard, Clarksburg 1 140 90' Shale, red 10 150 Shale, sandy, buff 5 155 Concealed 18 173 Limestone, shaly, gray, nodular 2 175 Concealed to Two Lick Creek 70 245 105' The Little Pittsburgh coal probably belongs in the 25 feet of concealed interval immediately over the fire clay at 50 feet from the top of the section. DESCRIPTION OF THE CONEMAUGH FORMATIONS The Lower Pittsburgh Sandstone. At 5 to 10 feet under the Pittsburgh coal there often occurs a massive, arenaceous stratum, 10 to 40 feet thick, that has been designated the Lower Pittsburgh sandstone. It is the highest formation yet described and named in the Conemaugh series. In the Doddridge-Harrison area, its thickness, character, and relative position in the rock column are exhibited in the sections given on preceding pages for Centerpoint, Long Run, Wolf Summit, and Byron. It does not get above drain- age in Doddridge, but in Harrison its horizon crops to the surface either in whole or in part over practically the same portion of the county as that outlined for the Pittsburgh coal. According to D. B. Reger, this stratum crops just above water level along Bingamon creek, one-half mile below Peora. Here it is 20 feet thick, and its base has an elevation of 955' A. T., aneroid. grade, two miles north of Clarksburg. WEST VIRGINIA GEOLOGICAL SURVEY. 225 Passing eastward to the west bank of West Fork river, we find a quarry on this ledge near the school house oppo- site Viropa. Here, according to Mr. Reger, it is gray, med- ium grained and hard, and has been quarried and crushed quite extensively to furnish ballast for the Fairmont & Clarksburg electric railroad. The ledge has a thickness of 35 feet, and its base an elevation of 915' A. T., aneroid. Near the school house on Flaggy run, 0.9 mile north- west of Sardis, this sandstone crops in a conspicuous bluff, its base extending to 30 feet below an opening in the Pitts- burgh coal. Here the ledge is gray and coarse. In the section given for Gore, page 181, 10 feet of the bottom portion of the ledge is recorded, 32 feet below the Pittsburg coal. Here it is massive and quite limy, forming in conjunction with the Pittsburgh limestone conspicuous bluffs eastward along the W. Va. Short Line Branch of the B. & O. Railroad. Passing to the eastern part of Simpson district we find it cropping along the hill road leading northeastward from Beards run, 2j4 miles southeast from Cffal. Here, according to Mr. Reger, it is flaggy, 30 feet thick, and 20 feet below an opening in the Pittsburgh coal. The interval between the latter and the sandstone observed was con- cealed ; hence, probably 10 feet of the top portion of the ledge was invisible. The Upper Pittsburgh Limestone. At 30 to 40 feet below the Pittsburgh coal there often occurs a calcareous stratum, 1 to 5 feet thick, that has been designated the Upper Pittsburgh limestone by I. C. White 1 from its association with the Pittsburgh coal and in contra- distinction to the Lower Pittsburgh limestone. It lies below drainage in Doddridge, but it is noted in the log of the boring used in connection with the Center- point section, page 72, coming there 31 feet below the Pittsburgh coal horizon and having a thickness of 6 feet. 1. Vo’. II, page 245, W. Va. Geol. Survey; 1903. 226 STRATIGRAPHY THE CONEMAUGH SERIES. In Harrison this limestone crops over practically the same area as that outlined above for the Lower Pittsburgh sandstone. The only points in the county that it was defin- itely identified was near Gore station of the Fairmont & Clarksburg electric railroad and in a railroad cut 1 mile north- west of Glen Falls. At the former place an exposure reveals it only 6 inches thick, gray and hard, coming 4 feet under the Lower Pittsburgh sandstone, directly over the' horizon of the Little Pittsburgh coal, and 3.5 feet above the Lower Pitts- burgh limestone. It has the same thickness at the latter place, coming directly over the Little Pittsburgh coal and 9 feet over the Lower Pittsburgh limestone. D. B. Reger measured the following section at an expos- ure of a limestone at the south edge of Clarksburg, that ap- pears to represent the Upper Pittsburgh ledge : Feet. Inches. 1. Coal P 0"] 2. Concealed 4 0 - Pittsburgh . 8 1 3. Coal 3 0 J 4. Limestone, gray and hard. 4 0 5. Concealed . 123 0 6. Sandstone, Connellsville. . . 30 0 7. Concealed to Elk Creek . . . . 30 0 Its close proximity with the Pittsburgh coal makes it appear rather doubtful whether or not it correlates with the Upper Pittsburgh limestone, and if so, the Lower Pittsburgh sandstone has been cut away entirely. Otherwise, it is merely a local deposit, as no limestone was observed so close under the Pittsburgh coal in any other portion of the county. Mr. Reger collected a sample of the limestone (No. 4 of section) for analysis, the composition of which is reported by Prof. Hite as follows : Per cent. Silica (Si 0 2 ) 6.51 Ferric Iron (Fe 2 0 3 ) 1.95 Alumina (A1 2 0 3 ) 1.93 Calcium Carbonate (Ca C0 3 ) 85.88 Magnesium Carbonate (Mg C0 3 ) 2.13 Phosphoric Acid (P 2 0 3 ) 0.33 Loss on ignition 0.39 Total 99.12 WEST VIRGINIA GEOLOGICAL SURVEY. 227 The results reveal a bed adapted for road material and for the manufacture of agricultural lime. The phosphoric acid content is higher than that found in the results on pre- ceding pages for the Uniontown, Benwood, and Redstone limestones. The Little Pittsburgh Coal. At 40 to 50 feet under the Pittsburgh coal there fre- quently occurs a thin coal that has been designated the Little Pittsburgh by I. C. White 2 from its association with the over- lying bed. In Doddridge this coal lies below drainage, but in Harri- son it crops to the surface over almost the same area as out- lined for the Pittsburgh bed. The sections given on preceding pages for Wolf Summit S., Wilsonburg S., Gore, and Byron exhibit its thickness, character and relative position in the rock column. It does not attain merchantable thickness and regularity at any point in either county. The following section was measured at an exposure of this bed in a railroad cut, one mile northwest of Glen Falls: Glen Falls Section. Feet. Inches. Coal blossom, Pittsburgh Concealed 4 0 Sandstone, massive, Lower Pittsburgh 15 0 Limestone, gray and bard, Upper Pitts- burgh 0 6 Coaly shale and slate, Little Pittsburgh 3 0 Shale, gray, limy 6 0 Limestone, silicious, broken 4 0 Shale, red to railroad grade 3 6 The following section was measured at an exposure of this seam just north of Peora on Bingamon creek: Feet. Inches. Sandstone, massive, Lower Pittsburgh 30 0 Coal, Little Pittsburgh 0 10 Shale, gray 0 10 Limestone, dark gray, with shale layers 6 0 2. Vol. II, pp. 245-246, W. Va. Geol. Survey; 1903. 228 STRATIGRAPHY THE CONEMAUGH SERIES. Crossing West Fork river to Coon run in the northern part of Clay district, we find this coal cropping almost flush with the top of the Alice Corpening No. 1 well (612). Here it is only 6 inches thick. Both the Gore and Glen Falls sections note its horizon, and show that the bed belongs in the interval between the Upper and Lower Pittsburgh limestones. Passing to the southeast corner of Harrison to a point one mile northwest from Johnstown, we find this coal crop- ping along the hill road leading southwest to Lost creek. Flere it is 12 inches thick, and has an elevation of 1370' A. T., spirit level, coming 25 to 30 feet under the Pittsburg bed. Just across the Harrison line in the northern edge of LTpshur, an exposure of this coal is found along the road leadiing up Rooting creek, 2j4 mile due south of Johnstown. Here it is 18 inches thick and quite slaty. The Lower Pittsburgh Limestone. At 50 to 60 feet under the Pittsburgh coal and 1 to 5 feet under the Little Pittsburgh bed, there occurs a calcareous stratum that has been designated by I. C. White 3 the Lower Pittsburgh limestone. It lies below drainage in Doddridge county. In Harrison this ledge attains a fair development as re- vealed by the sections for Gore and Glen Falls, pages 181 and 227, respectively. At the former place its thickness, including 3 feet of gray, limy shale 1' 6" above the bottom is 11' 6", coming 50 feet below the Pittsburgh coal. At the latter point it is only 4 feet thick, coming 30 to 35 feet under the same coal. The ledge appears to be very silicious at both localities and does not seem to have any economic impor- tance, except for road material. 3. Vol. II, p. 245, W. Va. Geol. Survey; 1903. WEST VIRGINIA GEOLOGICAL SURVEY . 229 The Connellsville Sandstone. At 75 to 100 feet under the Pittsburgh coal there occurs a coarse, brown and massive sandstone of great economic importance. The stratum rises from the bed of the Yough- iogheny river at Connellsville, Penna., from which locality it was named by J. J. Stevenson. The reader is referred to pages 247-248 of Vol. II of the State Survey reports for a detailed description of this ledge in West Virginia. In the Doddridge-Harrison area the sections given on preceding pages for Centerpoint, Salem, Goodhope, Wilson- burg S., Byron, Romines Mills, and Johnstown exhibit its thickness, character, and relative position in the rock column. • It lies entirely below drainage in Doddridge, but crops to the surface in Harrison along the crest of the Wolf Sum- mit anticline; along West Fork river, south of Farnum ; over all that portion of the county south, southeast and east of Clarksburg; and the eastern border of Clay and Simpson dis- tricts. It generally forms a steep slope around the hill sides wherever it crops. According to D. B. Reger it is this stratum that forms the rapids in West Fork river at Meadowbrook station on the Fairmont & Clarksburg electric railroad. One mile due westward, its crop is exposed on Lambert run. There it is quite massive and 30 feet thick. This sandstone crops along the hill road-, three-fourths mile southwest of Wilsonburg at an elevation of 1090' A. T., aneroid. Here it is coarse and brown at bottom, green and medium grained at top, and 35 feet thick. Passing southeastward 3.5 miles to the hill road leading northward from the mouth of Coburn creek, we find this ledge cropping at an elevation of 1055' A. T., aneroid. Here it is 30 feet thick, coarse, brown and pebbly, coming 65 feet under the crop of the Little Pittsburgh coal. In the eastern portion of Simpson district, Mr. Reger reports this sandstone cropping on the head of Davisson run, 1.6 miles southwest of Oral, at an elevation of 1275' A. T., aneroid. Here it is 35 feet thick, coarse, brown and pebbly. Passing to the extreme eastern point of the district, we 230 STRATIGRAPHY THE CONEMAUGH SERIES. find it cropping, according to Mr. Reger, along the hill road leading northeast from Pigtail run to the common corner to Harrison, Taylor and Barbour counties, at an elevation of 1160' A. T., aneroid. Here it is 20 feet thick, massive, coarse, and very pebbly, coming directly over one foot of Little Clarksburg coal. At the south edge of Clarksburg an exposure reveals 30 feet of this sandstone. Southward along West Fork river and Browns creek, it has been quarried quite extensively for building purposes. The first quarry occurs on the east bank of the river, one-half mile northwest. of Lewis (Lynch Mines). Here, according to Mr. Reger, it makes a prominent cliff 35 feet high, at an elevation of 1020' A. T., aneroid. Stone from this quarry was used in lining the railroad tunnel, one mile southwest of Clarksburg. A section measured with hand level by Mr. Reger at Lewis, gives the following suc- cession : Lewis (Lynch Mines) Section. Feet. Coal, Pittsburgh 8 Concealed and brown shale 68 Sandstone, Connellsville 38 Concealed to river level 66 Passing southeastward up Browns creek to a point one- half mile northwest of Byron (Mt. Clare), we find a quarry in this ledge on the land of J. B. Smith, on the west side of the railroad. Here Mr. Reger collected a sample of the sand- stone for analysis and obtained the following data : Feet. 1. Sandstone, flaggy 8 2. Sandstone, massive 15 3. Concealed to B. & O. R. R 8 “The sandstone has bedding planes running through it at dis- tances varying from 1 to 8 feet. Joint planes run N. 10° E. and N. 40° W. The upper part of the ledge is medium grained, steel gray, hard, and weathers to a brown color. The lower 4 feet has small quartz pebbles. Quarry "is on north side of hollow and has been worked back into the hill about 100 feet, and is about 300 feet long, and quarried cut farther in the middle, so that its face is semi-cir- cular and runs about N. 15° E. Only 3 to 4 feet of soil on top of stone. The quarry is now owned or leased by the Byron Domestic Coal Co. Stone from here was used in the construction of the Short Line R. R. bridges at Clarksburg, and of the Federal building at the latter place.” PLATE VII. — Quarry near the summit of hill at Byron, Harrison county, in Connellsville sandstone. WEST VIRGINIA GEOLOGICAL SURVEY. 231 Mr. Reger collected the sample for analysis from No. 2 only of section, the composition of which is reported by Prof. Hite as follows : Per cent. Silica (Si 0 2 ) 85.32 Ferric Iron (Fe 2 0 3 ) 6.30 Alumina (A1 2 0 3 ) 2.46 Lime (Ca 0) 1.06 Magnesia (Mg 0) 0.70 Sodium (Na 2 0) 1.09 Potassium (K 2 0) 0.71 .Titanium (Ti 0,) 0.20 Phosphoric Acid (P 2 0 5 ) 0.44 Loss on ignition 2.27 Total 100.55 The results reveal the cause of the durability of this rock when used for building purposes, as it contains no cal- cium carbonate (CaCO s ) whatever, and has for its cementing principle a fairly large per cent of the oxide of iron (Fe 2 0 3 ). Another quarry on the same stratum is opened a short distance to the southeast on the land of John Wagner. A water well drilled near these two quarries showed the ledge slightly over 40 feet thick. 1 Crossing West Fork river at a point 2 miles due west from West Milford, we find this stratum cropping along a private road on the land of Smith Bros., according to Mr. Reger, who reports it 20 feet thick, and shaly, coming 10 feet over the Little Clarksburg coal. The Little Clarksburg Coal. From 110 to 130 feet under the Pittsburgh coal, and 1 to 10 feet under the Connellsville sandstone there occurs a very persistent coal bed in northern West Virginia that has been named the Little Clarksburg coal by I. C. White who gives the following interesting account of this bed at its type lo- cality in Harrison county on pages 248-249 of Vol. II, W. Va. Geological Survey : “Just under the Connellsville sandstone there comes a widely per- sistent coal bed, which the writer named from the city of Clarksburg where it crops along the valley of Elk creek and the West Fork river. 232 STRATIGRAPHY THE CONEMAUGTI SERIES. The coal is often double, with two or three feet of slate or shale separating as many feet of impure, bony coal, so that in the Allegany and Garrett county, Maryland, area, the bed is frequently termed the “Dirty Nine-Foot” coal. This double character of the coal is ex- hibited along Elk creek, below Quiet Dell, in Harrison county, and also in the vicinity of Berryburg, Barbour county, as well as on Gnatty Creek and other tributaries of Elk in Harrison county. The same feature has been noted in Lewis and Upshur. “This stratum was named the Little Clarksburg coal by the writer because in the vicinity of Clarksburg, where the bed was first studied and described, the main Pittsburgh coal, which is there extensively mined, is locally known as the ‘Clarksburg’ coal.” In Doddridge this coal does not get above drainage, but it is noted in the log of the boring used in connection with the Long Run section, page 77. It does not attain minable thickness and regularity in this county. In Harrison this coal is recorded in the sections given on preceding pages for Goodhope, Wilsonburg S., Clarks- burg, Bridgeport, and Grassland. In this county it crops over practically the same area as that outlined above for the Connellsville sandstone. In the western portion of Eagle district, this coal crops along the Short Line railroad, one-fourth mile southeast from Dola, at an elevation of 963' A. T. spirit level, where the following section was measured : Feet. Inches. Sandstone, massive, Connellsville . 20 0 Sha’e, dark Slate, cannelly . . 0' 8" 1 4 0 Limestone, silicious. . .0 6 1 Little Shale, with limestone. 5 0 [ Clarksburg . 7 4 Coal Fire clay ..1 2 j 0 6 Limestone, yellow and hard, Clarksburg. . . , .. 2 0 Concealed The section illustrates the double-bedded character of the coal, and the presence of a thin limestone between the upper and lower benches. Passing eastward to the road fork, 0.6 mile northeast from the mouth of Little Tenmile creek, in the same district, we find this coal cropping at an elevation of 1040' A. T. aner- oid. Here the following section was measured: WEST VIRGINIA GEOLOGICAL SURVEY. 233 Feet. Inches. Shale, dark 2 0 Coal 0' 6"] Shale 9 0 [■ Little Clarksburg.. 10 4 Coal 0 10 J Shale 4 0 Limestone, yellow and hard, Clarksburg 1 0 Another section of this coal in Eagle district, measured in the northeast edge of Lumberport, is as follows: Sandstone, Connellsville, Shale, sandy and dark Coal 0' 10" Limestone, silicious, 3" to 0 6 Shale, gray 4 0 Coal 0 8 Fire clay shale (Elevation of coal, 960' A. T., aneroid). Little C'arksburg Feet. 6 6 1 Inches. 0 0 0 Passing to the northeastern portion of the county in Clay district we find this coal cropping at the road fork, one-half mile west of McAlpin P. O., at an elevation of 1130' A. T., aneroid where the following section was measured : Coal, s!aty. . Slate, gray. Coal, better Feet. Inches. 2 0 C 1 0 8 % Total 2 9y 2 In Coal district, the writer collected a sample of the coal for analysis and measured the following section at the crop of this bed along the Fairmont & Clarksburg electric railroad, at the mouth of Crooked run : Section at Coal Opening, No. 85 on Map. Feet. Inches. 1. Sandstone, visible 4 0 2. Shale, sandy 10 0 3. Shale, dark gray 5 0 234 STRATIGRAPHY THE CONEMAUGH SERIES. 4. Coal, slaty 0' 5. Limestone, gray and hard 0 6. Shale, gray 0 7. Coal, slaty 0 8. Shale, dark, with limestone con- cretions 4 . Little ! Clarksburg .. 4 y 2 9. Coal 0 4 | 10. Slate, gray 0 0V 2 1 11. Coal, good 1 0 J 12. Slate, black, fossiliferous 0 1 13. Limestone, gray, l and hard 2 ' 6" 14. Concealed 3 0 {-Clarksburg .. 7 6 15. Limestone, gray and hard 2 0 J 16. Concealed Sample from No. 11 of section only, the composition of which is reported by Prof. Hite as follows : Proximate Analysis. Ultimate Analysis. Moisture Volatile Matter Fixed Carbon Ash Per cent. 1.25 30.96 43.33 24.46 Carbon Hydrogen Oxygen Nitrogen Sulphur Per cent. 56.38 4.03 5.91 1.00 . 8 22 Total 100.00 Ash 24.46 Sulphur Phosphorus 8.22 0.043 Total 100.00 Calorimeter B. T. U Calculated B. T. U Carbon Fuel ratio = Oxygen + Ash Although the sample was collected from the best portion of the bed, yet the results reveal a very low grade of fuel. The high percentage of sulphur and ash make it very unsat- isfactory for any purpose even in farming regions where other coal might not be available. In Clark district, this coal crops at an elevation of 980' A. T., aneroid, in a railroad cut, one-fifth mile southeast from West Clarksburg station. Here it is 12 inches thick, coming 3 feet over 23 feet of Clarksburg limestone, accord- ing to D. B. Reger. 10,572 10,573 . . 56.38 = 1.86 5.91 -f 24.46 WEST VIRGINIA GEOLOGICAL SURVEY. 235 In the northern portion of Simpson district, the coal crops along the hill road on the head of Ann run, at an ele- vation of 1270' A. T., aneroid. Here it is represented by 6 inches of black slate immediately over 5 feet of Clarksburg limestone. Passing southwest in Simpson to the old clay digging on the ridge one mile due north of Bridgeport, we find 2 feet of slaty coal cropping at this horizon, at an elevation of 1195' A. T., aneroid. Southward in the same district we find the coal cropping along the road near the head of Coplin run, 1.8 miles due north of Grassland P. O. Here Mr. Reger measured the fol- lowing section : Feet. Inches. Coal, good... ...1' 6"] Slate ...3 0 }- Little Clarksburg.. 6 0 Coal, good... ...1 6 J Slate 4 0 Concealed . . . g 0 Limestone, good, Clarksburg 3 (Elevation of coal, 1135' A. T., aneroid). 0 The section reveals more good coal in this bed than ob- served at any other exposure in the county. The thick part- ing slate between the two benches, however, would make it very expensive to recover the coal. In the extreme southern point of Simpson district, the coal crops along the road leading southwest trom Brushy fork, iy A miles south of Grassland, P. O., at an elevation of 1070' A. T., aneroid, coming 135 feet under the Pittsburgh bed. The following section was measured at this point : Inches. 8 0 0 Both benches have thinned considerably from that re- ported in the preceding section. The coal crops around the hill sides over most of the area of Elk district. Where it is exposed along the hill road, Feet. Coal 0' 8"] Fire clay shale 5 0 Clarksburg 6 Coal, slaty 1 0 J Clarksburg .. b Black slate, fossil fish teeth, etc 8 Limestone, gray and hard, Clarksburg 5 236 STRATIGRAPHY THE CONEMAUGH SERIES. one mile northeast from Craigmoor P. O., the bed is only 6 inches thick, at an elevation of 1175' A. T., aneroid. Passing southeastward in the same district to near the school house on Stout run, we find 10 inches of this coal visible at an elevation of 1050' A. T., aneroid, coming 170 feet under an opening in what appears to be the Redstone coal on the S. R. Bartlett farm. Farther southeastward in Elk district, the coal crops along the hill road leading north from Raccoon run. At this place the bed is slaty, 16 inches thick, coming at an elevation of 1075' A. T. 3 aneroid. Its crop was observed at several places in Union district and the bed has practically the same development as in other portions of the county. A section measured on the Smith Bros, land 2 miles due west of West Milford, exhibited 12 inches of this coal, directly over 8 feet of Clarksburg limestone. Another along the hill road leading north from the mouth of Coburn creek, revealed only 4 inches of coal, at an elevation of 1055' A. T., aneroid. The Clarksburg Fire Clay Shale. In eastern Harrison county there occurs a fairly pure fire clay shale immediately below the Little Clarksburg coal and above the Clarksburg limestone. For that reason the writer has named it the Clarksburg fire clay shale. It was once quarried for pottery purposes on the ridge, one mile and a half due north of Bridgeport. There the writer col- lected a sample of the clay for analysis and measured the following section at the old abandoned clay pit : Feet. Inches. 1. Shale, buff 5 0 2. Coal, slaty, Little Clarksburg 2 0 3. Fire clay shale, medium hard, buff, Clarksburg 5 0 Sample from No. 3 of section, the composition of which is reported as follows by Prof. Hite : WEST VIRGINIA GEOLOGICAL SURVEY. 237 Per cent. Silica (Si 0 2 ) 55.40 Ferric Iron (Fe 2 0 3 ) 1.28 Alumina (A1 2 0 3 ) 26.18 Lime 1.04 Magnesia (Mg 0) 0.80 Soda (Na,0) 0.82 Postassa (K,0) 1.87 Titanium (Ti 0 2 0.45 Phosphoric Acid (P 2 0J 0.75 Moisture 4.98 Loss on ignition 6.86 Total 100.43 The results show this bed to have almost identically the same composition as the Washington fire clay shale of the Dunkard series, as exhibited on pags 163 of the Wirt-Roane- Calhoun report of the State Geological Survey. The clay obtained here was once mixed with alluvial clays occurring near Bridgeport, and manufactured into all kinds of stone- ware, jars, jugs, crocks, etc. The pit has finally been aban- doned. The composition of this shale shows it, like the Washington, adapted to the manufacture of building brick. In fact, it burns into a fine buff colored brick good for both building and paving purposes, according to Gordon B. Late, Superintendent of the W. Va. Pottery company, at Bridge- port. Its crop is confined practically to the same area as that outlined for the Little Clarksburg coal. It appears to be very irregular, however, and often thins away entirely. The Clarksburg Limestone. Immediately under the Clarksburg coal iw the vicinity of Clarksbu,rg, Harrison county, there occurs a calcareous stra- tum that has been designated the Clarksburg limestone by I. C. White, who gives the following interesting account of the formation at its type locality on pages 249-250 of Vol. II of the State Geol. Survey reports : “Directly below the last described coal and its underlying fossil- iferous black slate, there often occurs a limestone which is finely ex- posed in the vicinity of Clarksburg along Elk creek, at its junction with the West Fork river, and was named by the writer from that 238 STRATIGRAPHY THE CONEMAUGH SERIES. locality, the Clarksburg limestone. Its upper portion is generally rather slaty and filled with fossil ostracoids and fish remains, but the lower layers are compact and massive. The whole stratum is often * twenty to thirty feet thick, and some of the layers are quite ferrugin- ous, so much so that they were once mined as ore and used in the manufacture of iron at an old charcoal furnace on Elk, near Clarks- burg. Some iron ore was also obtained for this furnace from the ferruginous shales just above the Little Clarksburg coal. “The Clarksburg limestone has a wide distribution in the northern end of the State, and has frequently been quarried and burned into lime for fertilizing purposes. It also makes excellent road material and has been extensively used for that purpose on the streets and roadways in the vicinity of Clarksburg.” This stratum does not get above drainage in Doddridge county, but in Harrison it crops over practically the same area as that outlined above for the Little Clarksburg coal. D. B. Reger measured the following detailed section of the bed from an exposure in a railroad cut, one-fifth mile southeast from West Clarksburg station: West Clarksburg Section. Coal, Little Clarksburg Slate, black Sandstone, limy Limestone Shale, dark Limestone, good Shale, limy '.‘.‘.'.'.A Clarksburg Limestone 1 fLlmestone Shale, dark 2 Limestone, good 6 Shale, limy, to railroad grade.' Concealed to level of West Fork river. Feet. . 1 . 1 . 2 23 4 20 The following section was measured at the crop of this ledge along the road on Barnett run, one mile and three- fourths northwest ^of Bridgeport : Feet. Inches. 1. Black slate (Little Clarksburg coal 0 6 2. Fire clay shale 5 0 3. Limestone, gray and hard, weathered yel- low, Clarksburg 10 0 A sample was collected from the limestone, No. 3 of section, the composition of which is reported by Prof. Hite as follows : WEST VIRGINIA GEOLOGICAL SURVEY. 239 Per cent. Silica (Si 0 2 ) 13.90 Ferric Iron (Fe 2 0 3 ) 2.04 Alumina (A1 2 0 3 ) 10.92 Calcium Carbonate (Ca C0 3 ) 60.30 Magnesium Carbonate “"(Mg C0 3 ) 3.34 Phosphoric Acid (P 2 0 5 ) 0.25 Loss on ignition 9.19 Total 99.94 The sample is quite high in both silica and alumina and low in magnesium carbonate; hence, it is probably best adapted to the manufacture of hydrated lime for agricultural purposes. It is quite hard and for that reason should furnish an abundant and convenient supply of good road material for the eastern portion of the county. In the northeastern corner of Simpson district, this stra- tum is 5 feet thick and quite hard where it crops along the road on the head of Ann run. Here its elevation is 1265' A. T., aneroid. In an exposure at the mouth of Crooked run, 1.5 miles northwest of Clarksburg, the limestone comes immediately below the Little Clarksburg coal, and almost .flush with the grade of the Fairmont & Clarksburg electric railroad. Here 7.5 feet of the upper portion of the ledge is visible. In the southern part of Simpson district, the crop of this ledge is exposed at the mouth of Glade run, at Grass- land P. O., where the following section was measured : Feet. Coal, Little Clarksburg 1 Limestone V ] Shales, limy 5 [-Clarksburg Limestone. 8 Limestone 2 J In the northern part of Elk district, the Clarksburg limestone crops a short distance above drainage on Stout run. Here it is 5 to 8 feet thick, gray and hard on fresh fracture, and weathering yellowish on exposure. Crossing West Fork river into Union district, we find, according to D. B. Reger, the following section exposed at this horizon on the land of Smith Bros., 2 miles due west of West Milford: 240 STRATIGRAPHY — THE CONEMAUGPI SERIES. 1 . 2 . 3. 4. 5. 6 . Feet. Sandstone, shaly, Connellsville 20 Concealed 10 Coal, Little Clarksburg 1 Limestone ] Shale, dark }> Clarksburg Limestone. 8 Limestone J Mr. Reger collected a sample of the limestone for analysis from Nos. 4 and 6 of section, the composition of which is re- ported by Prof. Hite as follows : Silica (Si 0 2 ) 14.86 Ferric Iron (Fe 2 0 3 ) . . ’2.19 Alumina (A1 2 0 3 ) 5.02 Calcium Carbonate (Ca C0 3 ) 71.91 Magnesium Carbonate (Mg C0 3 ) 2.65 Phosphoric Acid (P 2 0 5 ) 0.61 Loss on ignition 2.43 Total 99.67 The results reveal a limestone adapted to the manu- facture of Portland cement, having the proper ratio of per- centages of silica and alumina, and a comparatively low magnesium carbonate content. They also show that it is adapted to the manufacture of hydrated lime for agricultural purposes. The Clarksburg Red Shale. In the vicinity of Clarksburg, Harrison county, the writer has designated the 25 to 40 feet of red and variegated shales immediately below the Clarksburg limestone the Clarksburg red shales. D. B. Reger measured the following hand-level section at an exposure of these shales at the railroad tunnel, one mile southwest of Clarksburg: Thickness. Total. Feet. Feet. Sandstone and concealed 30 30 Coal, slaty, Little Clarksburg 1 31 Limestone, concealed and limestone, Clarks- burg 25 56 Shale, red and variegated, Clarksburg 35 91 Shale, sandy, to railroad grade 8 99 Concealed to West Fork river 25 124 WEST VIRGINIA GEOLOGICAL SURVEY. 241 Mr. Reger collected a sample of these shales for analysis in the shale pit of the Monticello Brick Company, located a short distance northeastward at the mouth of Arnold run, the composition of which is reported by Prof. Hite as follows : Per cent. Silica (Si 0 2 ) 51.20 Ferric Iron (Fe 2 0 3 ) 10.78 Alumina (A1,0 3 ) 12.46 Lime (Ca 0) 6.04 Magnesia (Mg 0) 1.12 Soda (Na 2 0) 1.63 Potassa (k 2 0) 4.46 Titanium (Ti 0,) 0.22 Phosphoric Acid (P 2 0-,) 0.53 Loss on ignition 11.31 Total 99.75 These red shales in the upper portion of the Conemaugh series are almost as pronounced in the Doddridge-Harrison area as the Pittsburgh reds, 150 feet lower in the measures, and they generally form a bench or more gentle slope around the hill sides a few feet below the steep bluffs and slopes made by the Connellsville sandstone. Their crop in the area under discussion is confined to practically the same area as that outlined for the Clarksburg coal. The Morgantown Sandstone. At 50 to 60 feet below the Clarksburg limestone there occurs a massive, arenaceous stratum, ranging in thickness from 20 to 40 feet, that has been designated the Morgantown sandstone by J. J. Stevenson from the city of that name in Monongalia county, at which place it has been quarried ex- tensively for building purposes. It is this sandstone that is frequently referred to by all well drillers in the northwestern portion of the State as the “Murphy sand”. It lies entirely below drainage in Doddridge county. In Harrison its thickness, character, and relative posi- tion in the rock column is given in the sections for Adams- ville and Byron, pages 107 and 122, respectively. Its crop is confined in this county to the eastern portion of Clay dis- 242 STRATIGRAPHY THE CONEMAUGTI SERIES. trict; the central and southern portions of Simpson; the western portion of Elk ; that portion of Grant south from Byron; and the eastern margin of Union. In the two latter districts the ledge appears to attain its best development in the area under discussion. It is this ledge that forms the cliff along the west bank of W est Fork river at the mouth of Coburn creek, in the northeast corner of Union district. There D. B. Reger measured the following section : Feet. Sandstone, gray and massive, Morgantown 40 Shales and concealed to river 15 (Elevation of sandstone, 957' A. T., spirit level). In the southwest corner of the same district this ledge forms an escarpment around the hill sides. It is this stratum that makes the cliff on the east bank of West Fork, one-fifth mile northwest from the mouth of Hackers creek, at an ele- vation of 1085' A. T., aneroid. Here it is a great massive, buff sandstone, 40 to 50 feet thick. Passing southeastward up Hackers creek to a point one- third mile due north of the mouth of Bens run, we find this ledge making cliffs 40 to 50 feet high, at an elevation of 1110' A. T., aneroid. In Union district, Mr. Reger reports the Morgantown sandstone making cliffs along the west bank of the river, 0.8 mile northeast from Goodhope. Here the ledge is massive, gray, medium grained, and 20 feet thick. No quarries were observed on this stratum in the area under discussion. The Elk Lick Coal. I From a few inches to 10 feet under the Morgantown sandstone there occurs a fairly persistent coal bed that has been designated theElk Lick coal by the First Geological Sur- vey of Pennsylvania from a stream of that name in Somerset county, Penna., along which it crops with a thickness of 4 feet. The bed varies from 2 T / 2 to 4 feet in Monongalia county, W. Va., and contains much ash and bony material. In Doddridge this coal lies entirely below drainage and it WEST VIRGINIA GEOLOGICAL SURVEY. 243 appears to be absent from the measures in this county, since the logs of numerous wells bored for oil and gas therein fail to note the bed. In Harrison the thickness and relative position of the coal in the rock column is exhibited in the sections for Two Miles North of Clarksburg and West Milford, pages 112 and 100 respectively. The thickness recorded for the coal in the former sections — 6 feet — is excessive, as no such thickness was observed at the many exposures at crop of this bed in the county. This is a good illustration of the unreliability of the average logs of churn drill borings for oil and gas, in recording the thickness of coal veins. Near the northeastern corner of Clay district, this coal crops in the road in the northeast edge of Boothsville, at an elevation of 990' A. T., aneroid. Here it is represented by 2 inches of slaty coal, coming 4 feet above the Elk Lick lime- stone and 11 feet above the Grafton sandstone cliff rock at this town. Passing southwestward ifi the same district up Thomas fork of Booths creek, we find this coal cropping along the road above the mouth of Sugarcamp run to the Clay-Simpson district line, at elevations of 1075' to 1090' A. T., aneroid. Here it varies from 2 to 6 inches thick according to D. B. Reger. Southwestward in Simpson district on Barnett run, Mr. Reger reports a coal cropping along the public road that is 6 inches thick, at an elevation ranging from 1045' to 1065 A. T., aneroid. This coal correlates with the Elk Lick bed, coming as it does, 240 to 250 feet below the Pittsburgh coal. Eastward on the head of Ann run, the Elk Lick coal crops along the hill road, at an elevation of 1185' A. T., aneroid. Here it is only 2 inches thick. Passing southwestward in the same district to a point one-half mile northwest from Bridgeport, we find this coal cropping along the road at an elevation of 1048' A. T., spirit level. Here the coal is 6 inches thick, coming at the base of a massive sandstone (Morgantown). The horizon of this coal is exposed in a cut along the 244 STRATIGRAPHY THE CONEMAUGH SERIES. Baltimore & Ohio railroad grade, one mile westward from Bridgeport. Here the coal has thinned away almost entirely, being represented by streaks of coal at the top of 10 feet of fire clay shale at the base of the Morgantown sandstone, im- mediately above 4 feet of Elk Lick limestone. Passing southeastward in Simpson district to a point 2.3 miles northeast from Quiet Dell, we find the Elk Lick coal bed represented by 6 inches of black slate only, at an eleva- tion of 1120' A. T., aneroid, coming 50 to 60 feet above the Harlem coal bed. One mile and a half northwest from Grassland P. O., the Elk Lick coal crops along the second class road, leading northward from Brushy fork. Here it is only 4 inches thick and slaty, coming 60 to 70 feet below the Little Clarksburg coal. In Grant district, the Elk Lick bed crops along the hill road leading south from the railroad, 1.5 miles northeast from the town of Lost Creek, at an elevation of 1180' A. T., aneroid. Here it is 8 inches thick and slaty. It crops along the road, 0.4 mile northwest from Lost Creek station, at an elevation of 1065' A. T., aneroid, and there it is only 6 inches thick and slaty. Along the western border of Grant district, the horizon of this coal is exposed at the bridge across the river at West Milford. Here the coal has thinned away entirely, being represented by only 2 feet of fire clay shale at the base of the Morgantown sandstone, 4 feet above the Elk Lick limestone, and 240 feet by hand level below an opening in the Pitts- burgh coal. The crop of the horizon of the Elk Lick coal was ob- served at only one place in Union district. This was in the southeast corner of the latter area at a point one-fifth mile northwest from the mouth of Two Lick creek. Here the following section was measured : Feet. Inches. Sandstone, Morgantown Shale, red 10 0 Shale, buff 10 0 Shale, black (Elk Lick coal horizon) 0 4 Fire clay shale 1 0 WEST VIRGINIA GEOLOGICAL SURVEY. 245 Feet. Inches. Shale, sandy 4 0 Shale, buff and limy 12 0 Limestone, gray and hard, with shale layer, Elk lick 6 0 (Elevation of Elk Lick Coal, 1020' A. T., aneroid, at 260' below Pittsburgh coal). The several sections and data given above for the Elk Lick coal show that the bed is worthless from an economic standpoint in the area under discussion ; hence, it is of scien- tific interest only, in that it aids in the correlation of other more important formations of the Conemaugh series. The Elk Lick Limestone. At 10 to 20 feet below the coal last described there occurs a widely persistent calcareous stratum in southwestern Penn- sylvania and northern West Virginia that has been named by Messrs. Platt 4 the Elk Lick limestone. It is of fresh or brackish water origin, ranging in thickness from 5 to 15 feet in several layers, separated by shales. In Doddridge county this ledge lies entirely below drain- age. In Harrison it crops over practically the same area as that outlined for the Elk Lick coal bed. Near the northeast corner of Clay district, the crop of this limestone is exposed just across the county line in the edge of Taylor, in the southwest edge of Boothsville, at an elevation of 960' A. T., spirit level. Here the ledge is gray and hard, 5 feet thick, coming immediately over the Grafton sandstone. Passing southwestward to Bridgeport in Simpson dis- trict, we find the following section exposed in a cut along the Baltimore & Ohio railroad, one mile west of the town : Feet. Sandstone, massive, gray micaceous, limy, Morgan- town 25 Fire clay sha’e 3 Sandstone, shale and flaggy 5 Fire clay shale, streak of coal at top, Elk Lick 10 Limestone, brecciated, Elk Lick 4 Shale, limy and red, Birmingham 4 Sandstone, shaly to railroad grade 4 4. Report H H H, Second Geological Survey of Penna. 246 STRATIGRAPHY THE CONEMAUGH SERIES. In the western portion of Grant district the writer col- lected a sample of this ledge for analysis and measured the following section on the east bank of West Fork river near the bridge over the latter stream at West Milford: West Milford Section — Local. Feet. 1. Sandstone, massive. .15' I Morgantown 2. Shale, sandy 5 j Sandstone .. 20 3. Fire clay shale (Elk Lick coal horizon). 2 4. Limestone, gray and hard 2' 0" 5. Shale, limy, with limestone 1 6 6. Limestone, gray and hard, conglomer- ate 2 6 7. Shale, limy and gray 2 0 8. Limestone, gray and hard, conglomer- ate 1 3 9. Shale, gray and limy 3 10. Coal 0' 2" ] West Milford coal 1 11. Slate, black.. 0 1 [-(Elevation, 960' A. 12. Coal 0 10 J T., spirit level). 13. Shale, dark 3 14. Limestone, ferriferous, lenticular 0 15. Shale, gray 2 16. Sandstone, gray, medium hard, Graf- ton, to river bed 5 Elk Lick Limestone . 9 Inches. 0 0 3 0 1 0 3 0 0 The section is very interesting in that a new coal makes its appearance in the measure ; viz.. West Milford, coming as it does 5' 3" above the Grafton sandstone, 3 feet below the Elk Lick limestone and 256 feet by hand level below an open- ing in the Pittsburgh coal bed. The limestone sample was collected from Nos. 4, 6 and 8 of section, the composition of which is reported by Prof. Hite as. follows : Per cent. Silica (Si 0 2 ) 2.40 Ferric Iron (Fe 2 0 3 ) 1.77 Alumina (A1 2 0 3 ) 0.48 Calcium Carbonate (Ca C0 3 ) 94.23 Magnesium Carbonate (Mg C0 3 ) 1.74 WEST VIRGINIA GEOLOGICAL SURVEY. 247 Phosphoric Acid (PA) 0.26 Total 100.88 Mr. Reger collected a sample of the same ledge 35 to 50 feet northward from the point at which the above section was measured, the composition of which is reported by Prof Hite as follows : Per cent. Silica (Si 0 2 ) 9.06 Ferric Iron (Fe 2 0 3 ) 4.03 A'umina (AL0 3 ) 3.55 Calcium Carbonate (Ca C0 3 ) 79.13 Magnesium Carbonate (Mg C0 3 ) 2.11 Phosphoric Acid (P 2 0 5 ) 0.76 Loss on ignition 1.45 Total 100.09 The above results reveal a limestone adapted to the manu- facture of white and gray limes for masons, bricklayers and plasterers; hydrated lime for agricultural purposes; Portland cement ; and for road material. Passing eastward in the same district to near Lost Creek, we find this ledge, according to Mr. Reger, cropping in a ra- vine, 0.2 mile northwest from town. Here he reports the limestone 2 to 3 feet thick, gray, and very hard, with minute fresh water fossil shells. Passing to the extreme southern border of Grant district, we find the Elk Lick limestone cropping along the east hill side of McKinney run, one-third mile northwest of McWhor- ter station, at an elevation of 1105' A. T., aneroid. Here it is gray, hard, and 3 feet thick, coming 240 to 250 feet below an opening in the Pittsburgh coal bed. In Union district the crop of this ledge is exposed 1.2 miles southwest from Goodhope, on and near the mouth of Two Lick creek, at an elevation of 1000' A. T., aneroid. Here it is interlaminated with shale layers, the whole having a thickness of 6 feet. Southwestward 1.6 miles to the waters of Kincheloe creek, we find this limestone cropping near the fork of a sec- ond class road at an elevation of 985' A. T., aneroid. Here it 2-18 STRATIGRAPHY THE CONEMAUGK SERIES. occurs in layers separated by limy shales, the whole having a total thickness of 20 to 25 feet. The Birmingham Shale. Immediately under the Elk Lick limestone in southwest- ern Pennsylvania and northern West Virginia there occurs 25 to 50 feet of variegated and sandy shales that have been designated by J. J. 'Stevenson 4 * the Birmingham shales from a former town of that name on the south side of the Monon- gahela river at Pittsburgh, Pa., where they crop, with a joint- ed appearance, and slip badly on the almost vertical face o: the hill. These shales as limited by Mr. Stevenson at their type locality, are 48 feet thick, extending from 11 feet below the Morgantown sandstone, down to a limestone, 3 feet in thickness. The latter formation most likely correlates with the Upper Ames limestone, coming as it does there 59 feet below the Morgantown sandstone and 24 feet above the Crin- oidal (Lower Ames) limestone. They lie entirely below drainage in Doddridge county. In Harrison their crop is confined to practically the same area as that outlined for the Elk Lick coal. In the eastern portion of the county, they have been largely replaced by the great, massive Grafton sandstone. The Grafton Sandstone. At 1 to 15 feet below the Elk Lick limestone there often occurs a great massive, coarse and pebbly sandstone in Tay- lor county ranging in thickness from 20 to 40 feet, that has been designated by I. C. White 5 the Grafton sandstone from its crop near the summit of the hills at a town of that name in the latter area. This stratum is lenticular in character and often replaces the Birmingham shale almost entirely. Its thickness, character and relative position in the rock column in the Doddridge-Harrison area are exhibited in the 4a. Report K, pp. 79 and 309-310, Sec. Geol. Survey of Penna. 5. Vol. II, p. 255, W. Va. Geol. Survey. WEST VIRGINIA GEOLOGICAL SURVEY. 249 sections given on preceding pages for Long Run, Brown, Boothsville, Quiet Dell and Byron. In Doddridge county this stratum lies entirely below drainage. In Harrison this sandstone crops along the crest of the Wolf Summit anticline; along the crest of the Chestnut Ridge anticline in a belt 2 to 3 miles in width southward from the head of Ann run in the northeast corner of Simpson district; and in the southern border of Grant district. From north to south across the county the Grafton sand- stone first rises above drainage in the northeast corner of Clay district, and at the public highway bridge over Booths creek, 1.1 miles southward from Boothsville, it has an eleva- tion of 996' A. T., spirit level. Southwestward from the latter point to the Clay-Simp- son district line, this stratum forms the floor of Thomas fork, and in a large measure its hardness is responsible for the wide bottom lands along the latter stream. In Simpson district this sandstone forms bluffs and steep slopes around the hill sides on Ann and Peddler runs ; Simp- son creek eastward from the west edge of Bridgeport ; Dav- isson, Douglass and Beards runs ; and Brushy fork. It does likewise in Elk district southeastward along Elk creek from the mouth of Brushy Fork to the mouth of Rooting creek; on Suds, Hastings, and Stevens runs ; and on Rooting creek southwestward to a point 1.5 miles northward from Johnstown. In a similar manner it makes its presence known in Grant district eastward from a point one-half mile northwest of Lost Creek station. It bare- ly gets above drainage on McKinney run near McWhorter. In the southwest corner of the district, and in the southeast corner of Union this sandstone forms bluffs and steep slopes along Bens- run, Hackers creek, West Fork river south from Goodhope, Two Lick and Kincheloe creeks a short distance up to two latter streams. No quarries were observed on this ledge in the county, although the sandstone gives excellent results where quarried for building purposes near Grafton on account of its durability. 250 STRATIGRAPHY THE CONEMAUGH SERIES. The Ames Limestones. At 275 to 320 feet below the top of the Conemaugh ser- ies, and 5 to 20 feet below the Grafton sandstone, there occurs a calcareous and very fossiliferous stratum in northern West Virginia that has been named by Andrews and Orten in the State Geological Reports of Ohio, the Ames limestone. It frequently occurs in two layers each 1 to 5 feet in thickness, separated by 10 to 20 feet of dark, fossiliferous shale, the top member being called the Upper Ames, and the bottom, the Lower Ames. The dark green fossiliferous shale separating the two ledges is designated by the writer the Ames shale from its association with these limestones. Both ledges nearly always contain a large number of marine fossils, and from a geological standpoint, these limestones are considered the most interesting formations in the entire Appalachian field. In Vol. II, pages 256-261 of the State Survey reports, I. C. White gives a detailed description of the distribution, character and fossil fauna of the Ames limestone in this State, to which the reader is referred. , In Doddridge county neither of these limestones gets above drainage. In Harrison their crop is confined to practically the same area as that outlined above for the Grafton sandstone. Pass- ing from north to south across the county these limestones first get above drainage along the extreme eastern edge of Clay district on Booths creek, 1.2 miles southward from Boothsville. Southwestward in Simpson district, the writer collected a sample of each ledge for analysis, and measured the following section on Ann run, 2 miles northeast from Bridgeport : Feet. Inches. 1. Limestone, dark gray, fossiliferous, hard Upper Ames 0 10 2. Shale, dark green 15 0 3. Limestone, dark gray, silicious, fossili- ferous, Lower Ames 2 0 4. Shale, bluish and dark gray, fossi’iferous at top 8 0 5. Coal, good, Harlem 1 4 6. Shale, gray to bed of Ann run 1 0 WEST VIRGINIA GEOLOGICAL SURVEY. 251 Samples for analyses were collected from Nos. 1 and 3 of section, the composition of which is reported by Prof. Hite as follows : Upper Lower Ames. Ames. Per cent. Per cent. Silica (Si 0 2 ) .. 7.55 18.13 Ferric Iron (Fe,.0 3 ) . . 3.05 2.08 Alumina (AL0 s ) . . 25.08 4.77 Calcium Carbonate (Ca C0 3 ) . . . . .. 40.73 48.33 Magnesium Carbonate (Ca C0 3 ) . . . 15.77 21.31 Phosphoric Acid (P 3 0 5 ) . . 1.39 0.19 Loss on ignition . . 6.49 4.95 Totals . .100.06 99.76 The results reveal that both ledges are impure limestones in this region. In fact, their horizons are often occupied by dark, limy shales, containing the same marine fossils. They do not appear for these reasons to have any economic im- portance, except for road material. The following section was measured in a Baltimore & Ohio railroad cut, one-fifth mile west of the station at Bridge- port : Feet. Inches. Shales, sandy 10 0 Shale, red 5 0 Sandstone, shaly, Grafton 10 0 Limestone, ferriferous and fossiliferous, with shale layers, Upper Ames 4 0 Shale, reddish brown 14 0 Limestone, fossiliferous in upper portion, Lower Ames 2 6 Shale, dark 0 6 Coal, Harlem 1 10 Fire clay shale / 2 0 Shale to railroad grade 3 0 A collection of the fossils from both ledges of the Ames was made at this point for study and classification, the re- sults of which are found on subsequent pages of this report. The Lower Ames appears to be a more persistent ledge than the Upper in this county. Passing southeastward along the railroad from Bridgeport to a cut 0.5 mile southeast from Oral station, we find the fol- lowing section exposed, according to D. B. Reger: 252 STRATIGRAPHY THE CONEMAUGTI SERIES. Feet. Sandstone, massive, Grafton 7 Shale, gray • 3 Sandstone, shaly 3 Shale, gray 4 Limestone, Lower Ames 1 Shale, -gray 4 Coal, Harlem iy 2 Shale, brown, limy, fossiliferous 10 Sandstone, shaly to railroad grade 20 The Upper Ames limestone has thinned away entirely at this point. In the southwest corner of Simpson district the Ames limestone crops along the hill road, 2 miles northeastward from Quiet Dell, and northwest of the residence of Chas. J. Roy, at an elevation of 1080' A. T., aneroid. Here the Lower Ames is 2 feet thick, 10 feet above 18 inches of Harlem, coal. The following section in the northern portion of Elk district, measured at the triangle of roads, 1.4 miles southeast of Quiet Dell, exhibits both the Upper and Lower Ames : Feet. Inches. Limestone, Upper Ames, fossiliferous 0 6 Shale, dark green, Ames 15 0 Limestone, Lower Ames, fossiliferous 5 0 Shale, dark 10 0 Coal, Harlem 1 6 Fire clay On the western border of the same district we find the Lower Ames cropping along the hill road on the head of Hastings run, one-half mile northwest from the Arthur. Con- ley No. 1 gas well (736), at an elevation of 1185' A. T., aneroid. Here the ledge is only 6 inches thick and fossiliferous, com- ing 5 feet above 18*4 inches of Harlem coal. In the southern portion of Elk district, Mr. Reger meas- ured the following section along the road, 2 miles north 75° to 80° east from Rockford: Feet. Shale, greenish brown 20 Limestone, fossiliferous, Lower Ames 2 Shale 5 Coal, streak, Harlem (Elevation of limestone, 1080' A. T., aneroid). WEST VIRGINIA GEOLOGICAL SURVEY. 253 In Grant district the Lower Ames crops in the road, one- fifth mile northwest from Lost Creek station, at an elevation of 1040' A. T., spirit level. Here it is only one foot thick, 3 feet above 30 inches of Harlem coal. In the extreme western edge of the same district this limestone rises above West Fork river on the axis of the Wolf Summit anticline, 0.6 mile north- east from Goodhope, at an elevation of 965' A. T., aneroid. Here according to Mr. Reger, 2 feet of the ledge is visible, very fossiliferous, on the east bank of the river, opposite a water pump station. It is also exposed on the east side of the river, 0.7 mile due south of Goodhope, at an elevation of 985' A. T., aneroid. Here the ledge is quite fossiliferous with only 2 feet of the same visible. In the southern border of Grant district the crop of the Lower Ames is exposed along the second class road, one-fifth mile eastward from the mouth of Bens run of Hackers creek, at an elevation of 1035' A. T., aneroid. Here the following section is revealed : Feet. Inches. Shale, sandy, buff 15 0 Limestone, shaly, with fossiliferous shells, Lower Ames 3 0 Shale, huff, limy 3 0 Coal, Harlem 0 10 Fire clay and shale to road 10 0 Passing to the southwest corner of Union district, we find the Lower Ames cropping along the road, 0.4 mile north- west from the mouth of Kincheloe creek, at an elevation of 1025' A. T., aneroid. Here it is quite shaly, very fossiliferous, and 4 feet thick. Fossil Fauna. — The Ames is one of three rich fossil horizons of the Conemaugh series. Collections were made in the field by D. B. Reger and the writer along with Dr. J. W. Beede of the University of Indiana. The specimens were identified by Dr. Beede who has made a special study of the Carboniferous invertebrate fossils of the west. He reports some 54 species in all, some of which have not before been re- ported from the Appalachian region, and others not from the Ames limestone, so far as he is aware. His report is as fol- lows : I 254 STRATIGRAPHY THE CONEMAUGPI SERIES. “The fossils in the following list are from two general localities in Harrison County — Bridgeport and Lost Creek. The Bridgeport material was largely from the black shales over the Friendsville (Har- lem) coal an eighth of a mile west of Bridgeport station. This horizon is designated number “1” in the list that follows. The limestone above it is given as number “2”. Two or three miles northeast of Lost Creek station some pieces of Ames limestone were found in a cut in the side of the road and were brought in. This horizon and locality is given as number “3” in the table and number “4” is a cut in the side of the road one-tenth mile northwest of Lost Creek. The fossils from this place were in olive-colored shales with some cal- careous material at the base. Some worms, ostracods and minute gastropods were collected from the Elk Lick limestone above the cut at Lost creek. These are not included in the table below. The black shale fauna is considerably dwarfed. WEST VIRGINIA GEOLOGICAL SURVEY. 255 Fossils from the horizon of the Ames Limestone of 1. | 2. 1 i 3. 1 4. Harrison County, West Virginia. 1 1 Crinoid segments? and plates 1 .... i X 1 . . . .i. Worm borings in shells x 1 . i Rrachiopod sp . . .1. . . . . . . .i x Chonetes granulifer | a 1 . a 1 a Chonetes laevis I I. . . . . . . .1 x Chonetes variolatns r | x 1 . . . .1. . . .1. Composit.a argentia | 1 • • . 1 a 1 . X Herhvn. crassa. 1 c 1 x 1 , . . .1. Productns cora 1 ^ 1 [ X I x I . x Productus nebraskensis I X I x 1 x 1 . Strophalosia sp 1 1 1 X 1 x I x . Astartella. cf. gnrleyi I X 1. 1. A vicnlopecten cf. rectilaterarius 1 1. . . .1. . . . . . . . 1 x AviciPopecten ? sp 1 1. . . . 1 x Avinnlopeeten whitei 9 1 1. . . . . . . .1 x Aviculopinna americana 1 |. • . • 1 • . . .1. . . . 1 . . .1 X Cardiomcrpha? sp I x 1. . . .1. . . .1. Fdmondia. sp I 1. . . .1. . . .1 x Nnrni’a parva i a 1 . . . .1. . . . 1 c Nucula sp i i. 1 • . . .1. . . .1 X Nucula ventricosa 1 x 1. . . .1. . . .1 Nuculana bellistriata f X | . . . .1. • 1 • . . .1 X Pelecypod sp ; i. . . .j . . . . 1 X Pinna peracuta ... 1 X 1 . Pleurophorus sp | 1. ... 1 . . . [ x Prothyris elegans . . . . . . . 1 . . . . 1 X Schizodus ? sp x I . . . .1. . . .L Sedgwickia cf . topekensis | |. 1 . . . 1 . • 1 . . .1 x Aclisina stevensana i x 1 . . • ■ r . . .1. Aclisina swallowana ! x I. . . .[. Bellerophon percarinatus 1 c 1 . . .1. . . .1 X? “Bellerophon” sp . . .1 X j . . . 1 Bellerophon stevensanus i a [ . ..A. x Bulimorpha chrysalis | a 1 . . . .[. Bulimorplia sp 1 X 1. . . .1. Bulimorpha sp. ‘ X 1 . . . . . . . .j. Euphemus carbonarius . . . . * 1 • • • 1 • x Gastropod sp [ X 1. . . . 1. . . .[. Gastropod sp . . .1. . . .1 X Gastropod sp 1 1 x ! . . . . 1. Loxonema scitu’um I X |. . . .1. . . .1. Loxonema semicosta turn I X 1. • • • 1 • . . .1. . . .!. Patellostium montfortianum | X 1. . . . I . Plagioglypta meekana I A 1 i X . . . . . Pleurotomaria sp | x !. . . . . . . .1. . . . . . . .1. Sphaerodoma primogenia i l • | 1. . . 1 x ! . Soleniscus brevis ... 1 . . 1 . 1 Tainoceras occidentalis? 1 A i • 1 X 1 . . . . 1 . Ostracoda, several species I X 1 x 1 . . . . . . . . 1 x Vertebrate remains, fragments 1 1 | x 1 . “In the co'umns to the right in the above list, the “a” signifies that the specimens of the species of fossils were quite abundant; the “c”, that they were common, that is present in numbers; and the “x”, rare to fairly numerous.” 256 STRATIGRAPHY THE CONEMAUGH SERIES. The Harlem Coal. From a few inches to 10 feet below the Lower Ames lime- stone there occurs in the northwestern portion of the State a very persistent coal. It was named the Crinoidal coal by the First Geol. Survey of Penna., and later the Friendsville coal by G. C. Martin of the Maryland Geol. Survey. Accord- ing to J. J. Stevenson, the designation, Harlem coal by J. S. Newberry, from a town of that name in Carroll county, Ohio, where it was worked in shafts 6 , has priority in geological nomenclature. In Doddridge county this coal lies entirely below drain- age, but it is recorded in the log of the Wm. Flanagan No. 1 well (198), used in connection with Greenwood section, page 80. This is the only place the coal was noted in the records of a large number of wells. In Harrison the Harlem coal crops over practically the same area of the county as that outlined for the Ames lime- stones. Its relative position in the rock column is exhibited in the sections given on preceding pages for West Milford, Bridgeport, Grassland, Byron, and Romines Mills. Measure- ments at crop show that it ranges in thickness from 10 to 30 inches. ‘In the northeastern corner of Simpson district, Mr. Reger collected a sample of this coal for analysis, and measured the following section near the head of Anns run on the land of J. I. Brohard : Opening No. 87 on Map. Feet. Inches. 1. Shale, greenish 10 0 2. Limestone, silicious, fossiliferous, Lower Ames J 0 3. Shale, dark gray 8 0 4. Coal, Harlem 1 4 5. Shale, gray, to bed of Anns run 1 0 (Elevation of coal, 1055' A. T., aneroid). The sample was collected from No. 4 of section, the com- position of which is reported by Prof. Hite as follows : 6. Bull. Geol. Soc. of America, Vol. 17, p. 156; 1906. WEST VIRGINIA GEOLOGICAL SURVEY. 257 Proximate Analysis. Per cent. Moisture 0.70 Volatile Matter 36.50 Fixed Carbon \.... 51.48 Ash 11.32 Total 100.00 Sulphur 3.01 Phosphorus 0.032 Ultimate Analysis. Per cent. Carbon 72.82 Hydrogen 4.81 Oxygen 6.82 Nitrogen 1.22 Sulphur 3.01 Ash 11.32 Total 100.00 Calorimeter B. T. U 13,412 C'a’cu ated B. T. U 13,169 Carbon 72.82 Fuel ratio = = = 4.01 Oxygen -f- Ash 6.82 + 11.32 The above results reveal a very good quality of coal, com- paring favorably both in calorific value and fuel ratio with the Washington bed of the Dunkard series in Doddridge county ; in fact, both favor the Harlem bed. Passing southwest in the same district to the Baltimore & Ohio railroad grade, one-fifth mile west of Bridgeport station, we find the Harlem coal cropping at an elevation of 980' A. T., aneroid. The following section was measured at this point : Opening No. 88 on Map. Feet. Inches. Limestone, Lower. Ames, fossiliferous. . .. 2 6 Shale, dark 0 6 Coal, good, Harlem 1 10 Fire clay shale 2 0 Shale to railroad grade 3 0 The writer collected a sample for analysis of the coal — No. 3 of section — the composition of which is reported by Prof. Hite as follows : Proximate Analysis. Ultimate Analysis. Per cent. Per cent. Moisture 0.95 Carbon 74.02 Volatile Matter.. 36.52 Hydrogen 4.66 Fixed Carbon . . . 52.32 Oxygen 5.94 Ash 10.21 Nitrogen 1.08 Sulphur 4.09 Total 100.00 Ash 10.21 Sulphur 4.09 Total 100.00 Phosphorus . . . . 0.008 Calorimeter B. T. U. 13,562 Calculated B. T. U 13,344 Carbon 74.02 Fuel ratio = = = 4.58 Oxygen 4- Ash 5.94 + 10.21 258 STRATIGRAPHY THE CONEMAUGH SERIES. In the same district, Mr. Reger, collected a sample for analysis from the same bed, and measured the following sec- tion at an opening on the Cornell and Lang farm near the electric railroad grade, 0.7 mile southwest from Bridgeport station at an elevation of 1050' A. Tv, aneroid : Opening No. 89 on Map. Feet. Inches. 1. Limestone, fossiliferous, Lower Ames... 0 10 2. Shale, sandy top, dark gray bottom 10 0 3. Coal, good Harlem 1 6 4. Fire clay 1 6 5. Limestone, silicious, gray, broken, Ewing to railroad grade 5 0 The sample was collected from No. 3 of section, the com- position and calorific value of which is reported by Prof. Hite .as follows : Proximate Analysis. Ultimate Analysis. Moisture Per cent. 0.84 Carbon Per cent. 71.00 Volatile Matter.... 35.71 Hydrogen 4.78 Fixed Carbon 51.45 Oxygen 6.90 Ash 12.00 Nitrogen 1.27 Total 100.00 Sulphur Ash 4.05 12.00 Sulphur Total 100.00 Phosphorus 0.034 Calorimeter B. T. U 13,135 Calculated B. T. U 12,921 Carbon . 71.00 Fuel ratio 3.76 Oxygen + Ash 6.90 -j- 12.00 Passing eastward along the B. & O. R. R. grade from Bridgeport to a cut one-half mile southeast from Oral, we find 18 inches of the Harlem coal, according to Mr. Reger, crop- ping at an elevation of 1050' A. T., aneroid, 4 feet below the Lower Ames limestone. Southwest from Oral 1.2 miles in the same district on Davisson run, we find the following section exposed on the south side of the latter stream, just west of the axis of the Chestnut Ridge anticline : WEST VIRGINIA GEOLOGICAL SURVEY. 259 Feet. Inches. Limestone, fossiliferous, Lower Ames 2 0 Shale, dark 10 0 Coal, Harlem 0 6 Fire clay shale 5 0 Sandstone, shaly 20 0 Concealed 30 0 (Elevation of coal, 1085' A. T., aneroid). Southeastward three-fourths mile the coal has thickened up to 12 inches at an exposure near a road fork. In the southern portion of Simpson district, the Harlem coal crops along the hill road leading northwest from the resi- dence of Chas. J. Roy, 2.2 miles northeast of Quiet Dell, where the following section was measured : Feet. Inches. Limestone, shaly, fossiliferous. Lower Ames. 2 0 Shale, dark gray 10 0 Coal, good, Harlem 1 6 Fire clay. (Elevation of coal, 1070' A. T., aneroid). One-half mile southeastward the same thickness of Har- lem coal is exposed at the fork of the second class road. In Elk district the Harlem coal attains about the same thickness and character as in Simpson. In the northern part of the former area, this bed crops at the triangle of roads, 1.4 miles southeast from Quiet Dell, at an elevation of 1135' A. T., aneroid. Here the coal is 18 inches thick, coming 10 feet below the Lower Ames limestone. Near the western border of Elk the following section was measured at the crop of this coal along the road, one-half mile northwest of the Arthur Conley No. 1 gas well (136), near the head of Hastings run : Feet. Inches. Limestone, fossiliferous, Lower Ames 0 6 Shale, dark green and sandy 5 0 Coal 0' 3y 2 "l Slate, black 0 3 {-Harlem 1 6% Coal 1 0 J Fire clay. This exposure is an exception, in that the Harlem bed does not usually have a parting slate. Near the central portion of Elk district Mr. Reger ob- 260 STRATIGRAPHY — THE CONEMAUGH SERIES. tained the following section at an exposure of this coal on the south side of Stevens run, one mile southwest from Craig- moor, 0.2 miles southward from the A. H. Davisson No. 1 gas well (737) : Feet. Inches. Sandstone, gray, medium grained, Grafton.. 20 0 Concealed 10 6 Coal, good, Harlem 2 6 Shale, brown 5 0 Limestone, good, Ewing 4 0 (Elevation of coal, 1125' A. T., aneroid). The section shows the maximum thickness of the coal ob- served at this horizon in Harrison county. Slightly over a mile southward on Rooting creek, Mr. Reger obtained a sample of the Harlem coal for analysis, and measured the following section at an exposure along the road northeast from a school house, on the land of Isaac Maxwell: Isaac Maxwell Opening, No. 91 on Map. Feet. Inches. 1. Shales, greenish brown 10 0 2. Limestone, hard, blue, Lower Ames- 0 6 3. Slate, dark gray 2 0 4. Coal, good, Harlem 2 0 5. Shale, limy to road 3 0 (Elevation of coal, 1050' A. T., aneroid). Sample taken from No. 4 of section, the composition of which is reported by Prof. Hite as follows : Proximate Analysis. Ultimate Analysis. Per cent. Per cent. Moisture 5.99 Carbon 63.88 Volatile Matter.. 32.34 Hydrogen 4.84 Fixed Carbon . . . . 50.59 Oxygen 17.48 Ash 11.08 Nitrogen 1.12 Sulphur 1.60 Total 100.00 Ash 11.08 Sulphur 1.60 Total 100.00 Phosphorus 0.036 Calorimeter B. T. U 11,148 Calculated B. T. U 10,947 Carbon 63.88 Fuel ratio Oxygen -j- Ash 17.48 + 11.08 2.24 WEST VIRGINIA GEOLOGICAL SURVEY. 261 The low B. T. U. and fuel ratio results are due to the ex- cessive amount of oxygen in the sample as revealed in the ulti- mate analysis. The sample was collected directly on the crop where more or less weathering had taken place; hence, the high oxygen content. In Grant district, the Harlem coal appears to have about 'the same thickness and character, except in the southwest corner, as it does in Elk and Simpson. In the southeastern part of the district this coal crops in the road one-half mile southwest from Rockford, at an elevation of 130' A. T., aneroid. Here it is 22 inches thick without partings. Near the center of the district, Mr. Reger collected a sample of this coal and measured the following section at its crop in the road on the land of Isaac Maxwell, 0.2 mile north- west from Lost Creek railroad station : Isaac Maxwell Opening, No. 90 on Map. Feet. Inches. 1. Shale, brown and ferriferous 10 0 2. Limestone, fossiliferous, Ames 1 0 3. Slate 3 0 4. Coal, good, Harlem 2 6 5. Shale, yellow, to road 4 0 The sample was collected from No. 4 of section, the com- position of which is reported by Prof. Hite as follows, along with the average of the first three out of the five above sam- ples of Harlem coal analyzed from Harrison county: Proximate Analysis. Ultimate Analysis. Opening Average Opening Average No. 90 3 Samples. No. 90 3 Samples. Per cent. Per cent. Per cent. Per cent. Moisture . . 7.01 0.83 Carbon . . . 59.43 72.61 Volatile Matter . 37.95 36.24 Hydrogen f 12 4.75 Fixed Carbon. . .42.68 51.75 Oxygen . . . 21.69 6.55 Ash 12.36 11.18 Nitrogen . 1.03 1.19 Sulphur . . 1.37 3.72 Totals. . , . . . .100.00 100.00 Ash 12.36 11.18 Sulphur . . . .... 1.37 3.17 Totals. . . . . .100.00 100.00 Phosphorus ... 0.038 0.024 262 STRATIGRAPHY THE CONEMAUGH SERIES. Opening No. 90 Per cent. Calorimeter B. T. U 10,226 Calculated B. T. U 9,574 Carbon Fuel ratio = = 1.75 Oxygen + Ash Average 3 Samples. Per cent. 13,370 13,145 4.12 This sample (No. 90) contains an even higher percentage of oxygen than that from No. 91 on Rooting creek, and the same conditions are probably responsible for the low B. T. U. and fuel ratio results as at the latter opening. The average of the three samples of Harlem coal compares favorably with the Pittsburgh bed as exhibited in the table of coal analyses on a subsequent page. Passing to the southwest corner of Grant district, we find the Harlem coal cropping 0.2 mile eastward from the mouth of Bens run of Hackers creek, at an elevation of 1030' A. T., aneroid. Here it is only 10 inches thick, coming 3 feet below the Lower Ames limestone. Its crop is exposed along the road, 0.7 miles eastward from the mouth of Kincheloe creek, at an elevation of 1085' A. T., aneroid. Here it is only 3 inches thick, coming immediately below the Lower Ames limestone. A further discussion of the character and quantity of this coal available in the Doddridge-Harrison area will be given in a subsequent chapter of this report. The Ewing Limestone. At 1 to 10 feet below the Harlem there sometimes occurs a calcareous stratum, 1 to 5 feet thick, that has been named by Ohio geologists the Ewing limestone. It appears to be of fresh or brackish water origin in West Virginia, since it does not contain marine fossils. This limestone lies entirely below drainage in Doddridge county. In Harrison it crops over practically the same area as that outlined for the Ames limestones. Its relative position in the rock column is exhibited in the section given for Ro- mines Mills, page 126. WEST VIRGINIA GEOLOGICAL SURVEY. 263 In Simpson district this stratum crops along the grade of the electric railroad, 0.7 mile southwest from Bridgeport, at an elevation of 1045' A. T., aneroid. Here it is gray, sili- cious, and 5 feet thick, coming 18 inches below the Harlem coal and 13 feet below the Lower Ames limestone. In the northern part of Elk district the following was measured at its crop along the public highway, 0.8 mile north- east from Quiet Dell : Feet. Inches. Limestone, fossiliferous, Lower Ames, thick- ness not exposed Shale, dark 10 0 Coal, Harlem 1 6 Fire clay shale 5 0 Limestone, gray and hard, with minute fresh water fossils, Ewing 2 0 Near the central portion of Elk district Mr. Reger col- lected a sample of this limestone for analysis, and measured the following section at its crop on Stevens run, one mile southwest from Craigmoor: Feet. * Inches. Coal, good, Harlem 2 6 Shale^, brown 5 0 Limestone, Ewing 4 0 Prof. Hite reports the following composition for the sam- ple of limestone collected at this place: Per cent. Silica (Si 0 2 ) 11.72 Ferric Iron (Fe 2 0 3 ) 2.57 Alumina (A1,0 3 ) 8.99 Calcium Carbonate (Ca C0 3 ) 68.96 Magnesium Carbonate (Mg C0 3 ) 3.65 Phosphoric Acid (P 2 0 5 ) 0.29 Loss on ignition 4.76 Total 100.94 The results reveal a ledge adapted to the manufacture of hydraulic cement, hydrated lime for agricultural purposes, and road material. The crop of the Ewing limestone was observed at only one point in Grant district. This is where it rises out of West Fork river at Goodhope, as exhibited by the following section : 264 • STRATIGRAPHY THE CONEMAUGH SERIES. Feet. Inches. Fire c'ay shale 6 0 Limestone, gray and hard, conglomeratic and nodular at top, massive at bottom, Ewing 5 0 Sandstone to river bed 5 0 While not so thick and persistent as the Clarksburg lime- stone, yet the Ewing should furnish an abundant supply of road material for the localities near the above mentioned ex- posures. The Pittsburgh Red Shale. Immediately below the Ewing limestone in northern West Virginia there occurs a soft, red or purple, and variegated shale, ranging in thickness from 30 to 100 feet, that has been designated the Pittsburgh Red Shale from their crop near the city of that name in Pennsylvania. This band of reds is nearly always recorded by the drillers for oil and gas, and is usually called by them the “Big Red Cave” on account of their caving tendencies when penetrated by the drill. Great care has to be exercised in drilling through these reds to avoid losing the drilling tools. In Doddridge county these shales lie entirely below drain- age, but their thicknesses are recorded in the logs of the bor- ings used in connection with the sections for Centerpoint, Canton, and Greenwpod, pages 72, 75 and 80, respectively In Harrison these reds are recorded in the borings used in connection with the sections for Salem, West Milford, Boothsville, and Romines Mills. The shale crops over a large portion of the area outlined for the crop of the Ewing lime- stone in this county. Eastward from Bridgeport the reds have apparently been replaced by sandstone near Oral. The shales quite generally contain nuggets of limestone, and for that reason add to the fertility of the soil wherever they come above drainage. The Saltsburg Sandstone. The basal portion of the Pittsburgh Red Shale is fre- quently replaced by a massive sandstone that attains a thick - WEST VIRGINIA GEOLOGICAL SURVEY. 265 ness of 100 feet near Saltsburg, Penna., from which J. J. Stevenson has named it the Saltsburg sandstone. In Doddridge county this stratum lies entirely below drainage, but its thickness is recorded in the log of the boring used in connection with section for Big Isaac, page 89. In Harrison the crop of this sandstone is confined to the crest of the Wolf 'Summit anticline in the extreme southeast corner of Union district, and the southwest corner of Grant; and to the crest of the Chestnut Ridge anticline southwest- ward in Simpson, Elk and Clay districts. The thickness, character, and relative position of this stratum in the rock column in this county is exhibited in the sections given on preceding pages for Brown, Fonda S., Salem, Wyatt, Adams- ville, Two Miles North of Clarksburg, and Byron. In Simpson district the Saltsburg sandstone is elevated above drainage on Davisson run, 1.2 miles due south from Bridgeport, where it is quarried for building purposes on the property of Benjamin Stout. Here it is bluish gray and med- ium grained, the top of the quarry coming 50 to 60 feet below the horizon of the Harlem coal. The entire thickness of the sandstone is not exposed, only 15 feet being visible. The product is waggoned to Bridgeport where it gives excellent results on account of its durability in retaining walls and for foundations of buildings. The base of the quarry has an elevation of 1005' A. T., aneroid. One-half mile eastward this stratum crops along the road on the north side of Dav- isson run near the axis of the Chestnut Ridge anticline. Here it is pebbly and massive, coming 40 feet below the Harlem coal. The top has an elevation of 1050' A. T., aneroid. In the eastern edge of the same district, D. B. Reger re- ports a very hard, massive and gray sandstone cropping in the Baltimore & Ohio railroad cut, one-half mile eastward from Oral station, at an elevation of 1025' A. T., aneroid. This stratum may correlate with the Saltsburg sandstone, but if so. the Pittsburgh Red Shale has thinned away almost entirely, as revealed by the following section, measured by Mr. Reger: 266 STRATIGRAPHY THE CONEMAUGH SERIES. Feet. Limestone, Lower Ames 1 Shale, gray 4 Coal, Harlem l x /z Shale, brown, limy, fossiliferous 10 Sandstone, (Saltsburg?) 20 Mr. Reger reports the sandstone undergoing a trans- formation in character in this cut within a distance of 300 to 400 feet, changing from a hard massive rock to a shaly stra- tum ; hence, it may represent only a local replacement of the reds by sandstone, and not the Saltsburg. In the northern part of Elk district this sandstone is elevated above drainage on Brushy fork, one-half mile north- east from Quiet Dell, at the highway bridge over the latter stream. Here 15 feet of the basal portion is visible, coming immediately over 10 inches o: Bakerstown coal, and 60 feet below the Harlem coal. The elevation of the sandstone at this point is 975' A. T., aneroid. Passing southward in the same district 2 miles, we find it cropping in the road one-fourth mile northwest from the mouth of Fall run, at an elevation of 1055' A. T., aneroid. Here it is coarse, massive, and 15 feet thick, coming 2 feet over 60 inches of Bakerstown coal, and 55 to 60 feet below the Harlem coal. One mile southward, Mr. Reger reports 20 feet of hard pebbly sandstone at this horizon along the road on Hastings run, 0.7 mile west of Craigmoor, coming imme- diately over 1 foot of Bakerstown coal, at an elevation of 1040' A. T. spirit level. In Grant district the Saltsburg sandstone is raised above drainage by the Chestnut Ridge anticline on Lost creek in Rockford, at an elevation of 1070' A. T., aneroid. Here it is coarse, brown, massive, and 40 feet thick, coming immediately over the Bakerstown coal. In the extreme southeast corner of Un?on district the Saltsburg makes vertical cliffs, 20 to 30 feet high, just above water level at the mouth of Kincheloe creek, offering fine exposures for quarrying purposes. WEST VIRGINIA GEOLOGICAL SURVEY. 267 The Bakerstown Coal. At 1 to 10 feet below the Saltsburg sandstone and 75 to 300 feet below the Ames limestone there occurs a coal bed that often attains minable thickness in West Virginia. This vein has been designated the Bakerstown coal by I. C. White 7 from a town of that name in Allegheny county, Penna., near which it has been mined. In Doddridge this coal lies entirely below drainage, and according the the logs of numerous wells bored for oil and gas, the bed does not attain merchantable thickness and regularity in the county. Its thickness is recorded as 2 feet in the log of the Wm. Flanagan No. 1 well (198), used in connection with the Greenwood section, page 80. In Harrison the crop of the Bakerstown coal is confined to the immediate vicinity of the Chestnut Ridge anticline where the latter fold is intersected by Simpson creek, Brushy fork, Elk creek, and Lost creek. Its relative position in the rock column in this county is exhibited in the sections given on preceding pages for Goodhope, Wilsonburg S., Two Miles North of Clarksburg, and Lost Creek. In Simpson district, the only place the crop of the Ba- kerstown coal was observed was at the road fork, one-half mile northwest of Oral station. Here, according to Mr. Reger, it is only 1 inch thick, coming 85 to 90 feet below the Harlem coal. Its elevation at this place is 1005' A. T., aneroid. Passing southwestward to the northern part of Elk district, we find this coal cropping one-half mile northeast of Quiet Dell near the bridge over Brushy fork, at an elevation of 975' A. T., aneroid. Here the following section was meas- ured : Feet. Inches. Sandstone, massive, Saltsburg 15 0 Coal, Bakerstown 0 10 Concealed The coal comes 75 to 80 feet below the crop of the Har- lem coal in the road to the northeast. 7. Report Q, Second Geol. Survey, Penna 268 STRATIGRAPHY THE CONEMAUGH SERIES. Two miles southward, the coal crops in the road, one- fourth mile northwest from the mouth of Fall run at an elevation of 1055' A. T., aneroid, coming 80 feet below the Harlem bed. Here the following section is exposed : Feet. Inches. Sandstone, massive, coarse, Saltsburg 15 0 Concealed 2 0 Coal, Bakerstown 0 6 Fire clay shale Near the central part of Elk district, Mr. Reger reports 12 inches of Bakerstown coal on the south side of Hastings run, 0.7 mile westward from Craigmoor, at an elevation of 1040' A. T., spirit level. Here the bed is overlaid directly by 20 feet of massive and pebbly sandstone (Saltsburg). In Grant district the Bakerstown coal crops along the road on Lost creek at Rockford, at an elevation of 1070' A. T., aneroid. Here the following section was measured : Feet. Inches. Sandstone, coarse, brown, massive, Salts- burg 40 0 Coal, Bakerstown 0 6 Fire clay, concealed and massive sandstone, pebbly, Buffalo, to creek bed 35 0 One-half mile northwest from Rockford, this coal crops in the road at an elevation of 1055' A. T., aneroid. Here it is only 6 inches thick. It is this coal that crops at the road fork at an elevation of 1080' A. T., spirit level, 0.6 mile south- east of Rockford. There it is less than one foot thick. As in Doddridge, the Bakerstown coal is thin, irregular and worthless in Harrison county. The Pine Creek limestone of I. C. White was not ob- served at any point where its horizon is elevated above drainage in Harrison county. The Buffalo Sandstone. At 10 to 30 feet below the Bakerstown coal in northern West Virginia there occurs a massive, arenaceous, and peb- WEST VIRGINIA GEOLOGICAL SURVEY. 269 bly stratum that has been named the Buffalo sandstone by I. C. White s from a stream of that name along which it crops in Butler county, Penna. It is this stratum that correlates with the First Cow Run oil sand of Cow Run, Ohio, and the Little Dunkard sand of eastern Greene county, Penna. In Doddridge county the Buffalo sandstone lies deeply buried below drainage, but its thickness is recorded in the logs of the borings used in connection with the sections for Canton and Greenwood, pages 75 and 80, respectively. In Harrison, county the crop of the Buffalo is confined to near the crest of the Chestnut Ridge anticline where the latter fold is crossed by Elk and Lost creeks. Its thickness and relative position in the rock column are exhibited in the sections given on preceding pages for Dewey town, West Milford, Goodhope, Lumberport, Boothsville, Wilsonburg, and Two Miles North of Clarksburg. In Elk district it is this stratum that crops at the road fork at the mouth of Fall run, three-fourths mile northwest from Craigmoor, at an elevation of 1000' A. T., aneroid. Here it is coarse, brown, massive, and pebbly, forming large boulders. Its total thickness is not exposed. In Grant district this sandstone makes the shoals in Lost creek at Rockford. No quarries were observed on this ledge in the county. The Brush creek limestone, Brush creek coal, and Mahon- ing sandstone do not get above drainage in the Doddridge- Harrison area. The horizon of the latter, however, is re- corded in the logs of the borings used in connection with the sections given on preceding pages for Canton, Long Run, Greenwood, and Big Isaac for Doddridge county ; and for Brown, Fonda, Deweytown, West Milford, Benson, Lumber- port, Adamsville, Bridgeport, and Romines Mills. 8. Report Q, Penna. Geol. Survey. PART III The Mineral Resources of the Dod- dridge-Harrison Area. CHAPTER VIII. PETROLEUM AND NATURAL GAS. All the oil and gas yet discovered in West Virginia, with one or two exceptions, has been produced from sand- stone beds, called “sands” by the well drillers. The latter have given these sands various names which have come into general use. In northern Calhoun and northeastern Roane counties, the Greenbrier limestone, or “Big Lime” of the drillers, has produced some dark, heavy oil. This is the only calcareous stratum that has produced either oil or gas in the State. The following table, taken from pages 278 and 279 of the Wirt-Roane-Calhoun Report of the State Survey, exhibits the position of the several sands, or oil and gas bearing horizons in West Virginia: WEST VIRGINIA GEOLOGICAL SURVEY. 271 The Oil and Gas Horizons of West Virginia. f Monongahela Series Carroll sand (Uniontown). \ Minshall (Connellsville). | Murphy (Morgantown). J Moundsville (Saltsburg). ] First Cow Run (Little Dunkard) sand | (Buffalo). [Big Dunkard sand (Mahoning). j Burning Springs (Upper Freeport) sand. | Gas sand (Lower Freeport). f Gas sand of Marion and Monongalia coun- | ties (Homewood), Second Cow Run of j Ohio. ] Gas sand of Cairo, j Salt sand of Cairo. [ Cairo? Mauch Chunk Red Maxton, Dawson, Cairo. Shale Greenbrier Limestone “Big Lime”; not generally productive. f Keener sand and Beckett sand of Mi’ton. J Big Injun sand. ] Squaw sand. [ Berea Grit. f Gantz sand. | Fifty-foot sand. | Thirty-foot sand. | Stray sand. - Gordon sand. Fourth sand. McDonald or Fifth sand. | Bayard or Sixth sand. [ Elizabeth or Seventh sand. [ Warren First or Second Tiona, Speechley | Chemung and Port- ^ sand. No well defined oil or gas hori- [ a & e Beds [ zons yet discovered in West Virginia. Oil and gas in paying quantities have been found in the Doddridge-Harrison area in the Moundsville (Saltsburg) sand just below the middle of the Conemaugh series, down through the rock column to and including the Bayard or Sixth sand near the base of the Catskill measures. Although the Chemung and Portage rocks have been penetrated by two or three deeps wells within the boundaries of the two counties, yet no producing horizons were encountered by the Pocono Sandstones Catskill Red Beds si O) I G I Conemaugh Series Allegheny Series •£ Poltsville Series cj 272 PETROLEUM AND NATURAL GAS. drill. The following sands have produced either oil or gas in the area under discussion : Moundsville, First Cow Run, Big Dunkard, Second Cow Run, Salt, Maxton, Big Lime, Keener, Big Injun, Berea, Gantz, Fifty-foot, Thirty-foot, Gordon Stray, Gordon, Fourth, Fifth or McDonald and Bay- ard or Sixth. In this portion of the .State the sands are generally re- ferred to the Pittsburgh coal bed as the key rock to deter- mine their identity. This coal is absent from the measures in the western part of Doddridge county, but the following table gives a general idea of the sequence or order of the beds and approximate distance from the Pittsburgh coal horizon down to the top of the producing sands in both counties : Approximate Distance from Pittsburgh Coal to Top of Oil and Gas Sands in Doddridge-Harrison Area. ■ Sand. 1 Dis- tance Feet Sand. Dis. tance Feet Moundsville (Saltsburg) . . . 360 Big Injun 1450 First Cow Run (Little Berea Grit 1850 Dunkard) 420 Gantz 1930 Big Dunkard (Mahoning.) . . 475 Fifty-foot 1980 Second Cow Run (Home- Thirty-foot 2030 wood) 800 Gordon Stray 207a Salt (Connoquenessing) 900 Gordon 1 210a Maxton 1200 1300 Fourth ! 216a Big Lime (Greenbrier) Fifth or McDonald '2325 Keener 1400 Sixth or Bayard 2450 Owing to the rapid thickening up of the Pottsville and Mauch Chunk measures to the south and east, the above in- tervals for the sands below the Second Cow Run are only approximate. For instance, the interval from the top of the Pittsburgh coal to the top of the Big Injun sand in the A. Jk Ashcraft No. 1 well (6), located on the head of -Sycamore fork in the northeastern Doddridge, is 1276 feet as opposed to 1600 feet for the same interval at the A. H. Davisson No. 1 well (737), located one mile northwest from Romines Mills, in southeastern Harrison county. Hence, it is readily ob- served that no specific figures can be given for intervals to- WEST VIRGINIA GEOLOGICAL SURVEY. 273 these sands below any key rock that will hold good over the entire area of both counties. DESCRIPTION OF SANDS. The Moundsville Sand. In the vicinity of Moundsville, Marshall county, there occurs an oil pool in a sand 300 to 325 feet below the Pitts- burgh coal. This sand was formerly thought to represent the First Cow Run sand of Washington county, Ohio, but the writer shows on pages 281-285 of the Wirt-Roane-Cal- houn Report of the State Survey that the latter sand corre- lates with the Buffalo sandstone of the Conemaugh series, and not the Saltsburg; hence, the name Moundsville sand has been applied to the oil producing horizon at the place first mentioned. In the Doddridge-Harrison area this stratum has pro- duced oil at only one point; viz., in the Malissa Kelley No. 1 well (328), located on a branch of Elk creek in Sardis dis- trict, Harrison county, 2.4 miles northeast Irom Wallace. The well had an initial production of 7 to 8 barrels 5 feet in a sand the top of which comes 352 feet below the top of the Pittsburgh coal bed, according to the log furnished by the owners, the South Penn Oil Company. Here the sand was reported 38 feet thick. The First Cow Run (Little Dunkard) Sand. At 420 to 425 feet below the Pittsburgh coal, and 110 to 125 feet below the Ames limestones there occurs a gas and oil producing stratum that has been designated by the well drillers the First Cow Run sand from a stream of that name in Washington county, Ohio, where it has produced much oil. On pages 281-285 of the Wirt-Roane-Calhoun report, the writer shows that this sand correlates with the Buffalo and not the Saltsburg of the Conemaugh series, and that the Little Dunkard sand of eastern Greene county, Pa., comes 274 PETROLEUM AND NATURAL GAS. at the same horizon. The first name holds, however, by right of priority. In the Doddridge-Harrison area a show of oil was en- countered at this horizon in only one locality. This was in the B. F. Rogers No. 2 well (352), situated in the north' western edge of Sardis district, 1.4 miles westward from Rinehart. Here the top of the sand comes 439 feet below the Pittsburg coal. The sand is 70 feet thick. The oil pay occurred 10 feet in the sand. The Big Dunkard Sand. At 475 to 500 feet below the Pittsburgh coal there occurs what is known as the Big Dunkard sand of the drillers, so named from Dunkard creek in eastern Greene county, Penna., where it produced much oil in the early days of the petro- leum industry. It correlates with the Mahoning sandstone of the Conemaugh series. In the Doddridge-Harrison area this sand has produced oil at two localities. One is at the Lewis Maxwell No. 2 well (173), of the Acme Carbon Company, located in West Union district, Doddridge county, on Left fork of Arnolds creek 4y 2 miles southward from West Union. Here a four barrel oil well was struck 6 feet in a sand, the top of which comes 512 feet below the Pittsburgh coal bed. The other is at the I. L. Marsh No. 1 well (373), located at the north- west edge of Brown, Harrison county, where an 8 to 10 bar- rel daily well was encountered 15 feet below the top of the Big Dunkard sand, the latter coming 512 feet below the Pitts- burgh coal. The oil was never pumped, but much of it was utilized by farmers of that region. The Second Cow Run Sand. At 800 to 850 feet below the Pittsburgh coal, and 525 to 550 feet below the Ames limestones there occurs the Sec- ond Cow Run sand of the drillers that has been so desig- nated from a stream of that name in Washington county, Ohio, along which it produced a large amount of oil, 50 WEST VIRGINIA GEOLOGICAL SURVEY. 275 years ago. On pages 287-290 of the Wirt-Roane-Calhoun Report of the State Survey, the writer demonstrates con- clusively that this sand correlates with the Homewood sand- stone at the top of the Pottsville series. In the Doddridge-Harrison area small gas flows in this sand have been encountered in at least two wells. The first of these is the C. G. Davis No. 1 well (116), located in Grant district, Doddridge county, one mile south 80° east from Doak. Here a small flow of gas was struck in a sand, the top of which comes 810 feet below the top of the Pittsburgh coal bed. The other well is known as the Acena Copen- haver No. 1 boring (540), located in the western point of Eagle district, one mile southwest of Margaret. Here the gas pay was struck at a depth of 845 feet below the Pitts- burgh coal, and 100 feet in the sand. The Salt Sand. The Salt sand of the drillers occurs 900 to 1050 feet be- low the Pittsburgh coal. It is often separated into three ledges, and is then called the First, Second and Third Salt sand. It constitutes the main portion of the Pottsville series, and in West Virginia has produced a large amount of both oil and gas. In Doddridge county this sand produced a small flow of gas in Grant district at Sherwood in the Tate Bros. (120), Orrowhood (121), and Stutler (128) wells. This sand is gas bearing in West Union district on Left fork of Arnolds creek, 4 miles southward from West Union in the Lewis Maxwell wells (173 and 174) of the Acme Carbon Company. In Harrison county the Salt sand does not appear to be productive of either oil or gas. The Maxton Sand. The Maxton sand of Tyler county belongs in the Mauch Chunk series, a short distance above the Greenbrier lime- stone or “Big Lime” of the drillers. This stratum has pro- duced oil in several counties of the State, but the most pro- ductive field at this horizon is found near Burton in the northeast corner of Wetzel county. m PETROLEUM AND NATURAL GAS. In Doddridge county this sand has produced oil in the western portion of Grant district and gas in the southern por- tion of the same district in wells Nos. 107 and 119. In Center district wells Nos. 198 and 220 produced gas from this stratum, and No. 204 mad® some oil from the same horizon. In Southwest district it is this sand and not the Big In- jun as published in Vol. I, pages 321-322 of the State Survey reports, in which the small flow (less than one barrel daily) of oil was struck in a sand, the top of which comes only 1170 feet below the horizon of the Pittsburgh coal. In this region the top of the Big Injun sand comes 1350 to 1376 feet below the Pittsburg coal as exhibited by other wells in the vicinity in the table of wells given on a subsequent page for Doddridge county. In Harrison county the S. S. Cross No. 1 well (461) on the east bank of Raccoon run, 1.3 miles south of Bristol, pro- duces its oil from the Maxton sand, having an initial pro- duction of 10-12 barrels daily. Near Olive it is an important gas horizon. A show of gas in the Maxton was struck in the Copeland Heirs No. 1 well (453), located one mile south- west of Wolf Summit. In the western portion of Grant district, a flow of gas was encountered in this stratum in the Mary J. Burnside No. 1 well (728), located one mile southward from Goodhope. The Big Lime. The Greenbrier limestone or “Big Lime” of the drillers has produced both oil and gas in Doddridge county. In West Union district a light flow of gas was struck near the top of this stratum in the J. Wesley Smith No. 1 well (178), located 1^4 miles northeast of Nay. A two barrel oil well was struck in the top of the same formation in the Ed Smith No. 1934 well (181), located 3^4 miles south of Central Sta- tion. In Central district a light gas flow was encountered in the Big Lime in the W. A. Duckworth No. 1 well (188), lo- cated 1 mile southwest of Central Station, and in the Jack Cunningham No. 1 well (205), located two miles north of Nay. WEST VIRGINIA GEOLOGICAL SURVEY. 277 The Big Injun Sand. The Big Injun sand comes immediately under the Green- brier limestone or “Big Lime” and for that reason is the easiest stratum to be identified by the well drillers in West Virginia. In the northern portion of the State this sand at- tains a thickness of 300 feet. Frequently the uppermost 30 to 40 feet is separated from the main bed by 5 to 15 feet of dark slate as in the southwest end of the Sistersville oil field of Tyler county, where this top portion was designated by the drillers the “Keener sand” from a farm of that name on which the first oil well at this horizon was obtained. Some- times the bottom portion of the Big Injun is separated from the main bed by a band of slate 15 to 25 feet thick, and this basal portion is then called the “Squaw sand.” The depth and thickness of the Big Injun sand is ex- hibited in the table of wells for each county, given on sub- sequent pages of this report. The same tables show that this horizon is one of the most important oil and gas pro- ducers in the Doddridge-Harrison area. The Berea Grit. The Berea Grit formation, coming 475 to 525 feet below the top of the Big Lime, appears to be the basal member of the Pocono sandstone group, and has been so classified by the writer in the general sections of the rocks as given in Chapter IV. It is the great gas horizon west of Spencer, Roane county, and oil horizon on Lee run, same county, and on Rowles run and Yellow creek, Calhoun county. The “Fink pool” of Lewis county, in the writer’s judgment, be- longs in the Berea and not in the Gantz sand, coming as it does 450 to 500 feet below the top of the Big Lime. The latter pool overlaps to the northwest in Doddridge county, as exhibited by wells 248 and 249 southwest of St. Clara and 278 south of Coldwater. In southwest district a show of gas was struck in the Berea in the David W. Gray No. 2 well, one-half mile southeast from Oxford. In Harrison county a light flow of gas was struck in 278 PETROLEUM AND NATURAL. GAS. this sand in the Jas. Coffman No. 1 well, located 2 miles northwest of Peora in Eagle district. In the vicinity of Lost Creek station, Grant district, the Berea and not the Gantz as given by the drillers is a very prolific gas horizon. The Gantz Sand. The Gantz sand is the next oil and gas horizon below the Berea Grit. In the area under discussion this sand comes 1900 to 1950 feet below the Pittsburgh coal. It was so named from a well on the Gantz 1 farm at Washington, Penna., that was drilled in the year 1885. At this well the sand comes 1827 feet below the Pittsburgh coal. In northeastern Wetzel county the log of the Sarah Anderson 2 No. 1 well, located one mile northeast of Burton, shows the same sand coming 1951 feet below the top of the Pittsburgh coal, 160 feet below the Berea sand and 34 feet below 15 feet of red shale. The latter is evidence that the Gantz belongs in the Catskill reds. It is the top portion of the Hundred-foot sand of Butler county, Penna. No producing wells were observed at this horizon in Dod- dridge county. In Harrison, however, this sand has pro- duced gas in Union, Clark and Grant districts. The table of wells for the latter county exhibits the points where this sand is productive. The Fifty-foot Sand. The Fifty-foot sand closely underlies the Gantz, the two often combining into a great sand mass 100 or more feet in thickness, known as “Hundred-foot” of Butler, Armstrong, and Beaver counties, Penna. Its interval below the Pitts- burgh coal in the Doddridge-Harrison area varies from 1950 to 2000 feet. The sand does not appear to be oil and gas bearing in Doddridge county. In Harrison, however, this sand has been a prolific gas horizon in Sardis, Ten Mile, 'Union. Eagle, Clay, Coal, and 1. Bull. No. 304, U. S. Geol. Survey. 2. Marshall-Wetzel-Tyler Report, p. 110, W. Va. Geol. Survey; 1909. PLATE VIII.— Effect of Shot on a Fifty-foot sand Oil Well in Shinns- ton pool — Hartley Heirs No. 1 well. WEST VIRGINIA GEOLOGICAL SURVEY. 279 Simpson districts. In Clay district the great Shinnston oil pool occurs in this sand. In fact, the E. E. Swiger No. 2316 well (618), located mile northwest of Adamsville, had the largest initial production — 150 barrels an hour — of any well ever drilled in the State. In Simpson district, a small show- ing of oil was struck in this sand in the M. R. Lodge No. 1 well (683), located on Barnett run, 2 miles northward from Bridgeport. The Thirty-foot Sand. The Thirty-foot sand is the next oil and gas horizon be- below the last above described. It ranges from 2000 to 2050 feet below the Pittsburgh coal in the area under discussion. In Doddridge county this sand does not appear very pro- ductive of either oil or gas. In Harrison, however, it has produced both in considerable amounts. In the northeastern corner of Eagle district, it is in this sand that oil production is found in the Serena Wyer No. 1 well (535) near Margaret, others to the east and northeast on the Morris, and Moore farms. In the Wyer well (535), this sand comes 1988 feet below the Pittsburgh coal, 36 feet below the Fifty-foot, and 69 feet above the Gordon Stray sand. This is the only por- tion of the area that the Thirty-foot has proved oil bearing, although producing more or less gas in almost every dis- trict in Harrison county. The Gordon Stray Sand. The Gordon Stray sand comes a short distance below the red shale separating it from the Thirty-foot above and 5 to 40 feet above the Gordon sand. In the Doddridge-Harrison area this sand comes 2040 to 2090 feet below the Pittsburgh coal. In northern Doddridge it is a great gas horizon, and it has produced some oil along the eastern border of McClellan district. One of the largest gas wells ever drilled in the State struck its flow of gas in this sand. This is the Camden Heirs No. 1 well (28), located in the southern point of McClellan dis- trict, one-half mile southwest of Cascara. There it comes 280 PETROLEUM AND NATURAL GAS. 2054 feet below the Pittsburgh coal and 627 feet below the Big Injun sand. In Harrison county this sand has been a great oil and gas producer in the western portions of Sardis and Ten Mile districts. It is also a prominent gas horizon in Union and Clay. As with all the Gordon group of sands, its correlation in this portion of the State is quite difficult, mainly on ac- count of a lack of accurate, detailed records of wells from the Wetzel and Marion county lines southward across the area under discussion. The Gordon Sand. The Gordon sand is next in descending order below the Gordon Stray, underlying the latter 5 to 40 feet and ranging in thickness in the Doddridge-Harrison area from 1 to 60 feet. Its interval below the Pittsburgh coal in these two counties varies from 2075 to 2125 feet. The following table exhibits its maximum and minimum intervals below the top of the latter coal, and the top of the Big Injun sand by dis- tricts in each county as shown in the table of wells on subse- quent pages of this report. Table Showing Intervals in Feet of Gordon Sand Below Tops of Pittsburgh Coal and Big Injun Sand. Map County District Union, Union, Union, Union , 14|Doddridge. . . . McClellan 47jDoddridge. . . . McClellan 41 Doddridge. . . IMcCleUan 69;Doddridge McClellan 106;Doddridge. ... Grant ... llljDoddridge Grant ... 137jDoddridge Grant ... 107 Doddridge. ... Grant ... 155[Doddridge West 181|Doddridge jWest 155 Doddridge West 176 Doddridge West 198!Doddridge Central .. 186|Doddridge Central .. 225 Doddridge Southwest 229 Doddridge Southwest 243 Doddridge |Cove .... 241 Doddridge. . . . Cove 275 Doddridge New 277 Doddridge New 255iDoddridge. . . . New 277 Doddridge New 299 Doddridge 1 Greenbrier 31 5 Doddridge I Greenbrier 296|Doddridge Greenbrier 316[Doddridge Greenbrier 378|Harrison [Sardis ... 339 1 Harrison j Sardis . . . 323|Harrison [Sardis ... 393iHarrison Sardis ... Milton. Milton. Milton, Milton. 465|Harrison. 424jHarrison. 400'Harrison. 453 1 Harrison. 510[Harrison. 515 Harrison. 478[Harrison. 501Harrison. 555 'Harrison. 534 Harrison. 536 Harrison. 593 Harrison. 603;Harrison (Clay 603|Harrison Clay 603|Harrison C’ay 615 j Harrison |Clay 657[Harrison [Coal 658|Harrison Coal 657[Harrison [Coal Coal Clark Clark Tenmile Tenmile Tenmile Tenmile Union . Union . Union . Union . Eagle . Eagle . Eagle . Eagle . 666|Harrison. 676!Harrison. 676 Harrison. 685IHarrison 'Simpson 682 Harrison Simpson 725|Harrison Grant . 718[Harrison Grant . 720 734 737 Harrison Grant Harrison Elk . Harrison Elk Pittsburg Coal Mai. Min. Ave. j2124| , [2015|2064 Big Iujuu Sand 2123 j |. . |2054|2088 2143| | |1965|2054 2139 2126 2170 2144 2110 2190 2206 2222 Mai. Min. ' Ave. 82 o{ j . . .[ 703| 761 ....j. ........ 774 j | . j 699| 736 733i::::|:::: . . .j 619j 676 746| .... j ... . , ...I 709! 727 738 1 1 I .... jj .... J 602 1 670 2118|2128 2061 2055 2032 2057 2080 2206 2093 2112 2138 2083 2135 2206 2044|2133 2302|2302|2302 7301 587 j 608 770| , 750 965 837 733 871 786 808 762 702 583 1 676 585| 661 693 j 829 .. .[.... 637 [ 737 523 j 628 675 j 773 604 1 695 650 1 729 630| 696 • • -I 595| 648 I 751 |....| 635! 693 | 740] | . | 712| 726 282 PETROLEUM AND NATURAL GAS. In Doddridge county this sand is very prolific in both oil and gas. It has produced a large amount of oil along the eastern border of McClellan and Greenbrier districts ; the northwest border of McClellan and Grant ; and along the New Milton-Southwest district line in what it known as the “Stout Field.” In the northern portion of the county it is a fine gas horizon along the crest of the Arches Fork anti- cline. In the southwest portion of the latter area this sand with others of the Gordon group appears to thin away en- tirely. In Harrison county the Gordon is a great oil horizon in the western portions of Sardis, Ten Mile, and Union districts. It is also a fair gas sand in Union, Eagle, Coal, and Grant districts. The table of wells for each county, given on subsequent pages of this report, exhibits its depth and thickness in the area under discussion. The Fourth Sand. The next oil and gas horizon below the Gordon is the Fourth sand. It is frequently identified as the Gordon and is generally reported by the drillers in the Doddridge-Har- rison area from 2125 to 2225 feet below the Pittsburgh coal. In Doddridge county it has produced some gas in the northern portion of McClellan district. The A. C. Ballouz No. 1 well (14), located 2j4 miles east of Centerpoint, reports this sand at a depth of 2143 feet below the top of the Pitts- burgh coal, and 8 feet below the Gordon sand. Here the sand is 10 feet thick, the gas pay occurring 4 feet in the sand. In Harrison county the Robinson run oil pool, located one mile west of Shinnston, occurs in the Fourth sand. There the V. B. Ogden No. 2 well shows this sand at a depth of 2190 feet, 2205 feet below the crop of the Pittsburgh coal and 785 feet below the top of the Big Injun sand. It is also a gas horizon in Sardis, Union, Eagle, Coal, Grant, and Clay districts. WEST VIRGINIA GEOLOGICAL SURVEY. 283 The Fifth Sand. The next oil and gas horizon below the Fourth sand is what is known to the drillers as the Fifth or McDonald sand. It received the latter name from the McDonald oil field of Washington, county, Penna. It is a great gas horizon in Greene county of the latter State. In the Doddridge-Har- rison area this sand comes 2250 to 2400 feet below the Pitts- burgh coal. In Doddridge county this sand has produced some gas in McClellan and Grant districts. The only place where it has produced oil is in the extreme eastern point of Greenbrier district, northeast from Big Isaac. In Harrison county this sand is a great oil and gas horizon. The Wolf Summit oil field, extending along the eastern border of Ten Mile district, and the western border of Union, gets the major portion of its production from the Fifth sand. Eastward along the crest of the Wolf Summit anticline it is a fine gas horizon. Likewise in Clay, Coal, Clark, Simpson, Grant, and Elk districts. The Bayard, or Sixth Sand. The next sand below the Fifth is what is known to the drillers as the Bayard, or Sixth sand. It received the first appellation from a well on the Thomas Bayard farm, located 4 miles southeast from Waynesburg, Greene county, Penna., where it is reported 10 feet thick, coming 2417 feet below the Pittsburg coal, and 70 feet below the Fifth sand. In the area under discussion it comes 2425 to 2475 feet below the Pittsburgh coal, and about 100 feet below the Fifth sand. In Doddridge county a show of oil was encountered in the Tate Bros. No. 1 well (120), located 1.5 miles northwest from Long Run, in a sand 10 feet thick, coming 2321 feet, be- low the top of the Pittsburgh coal, that appears to correlate with the Bayard. The interval seems a little short, however, so that it may represent the Fifth sand. In Harrison county, a show of gas was encountered in Jas. Coffman No. 1 well (564), located in Eagle district, 2 284 PETROLEUM AND NATURAL GAS. miles north 85° west of Peora, in a sand 7 feet thick, coming 2388 feet below the top of the Pittsburgh coal, that appears to correlate with the Bayard. Although the well was drilled over 300 feet deeper, no more sand was struck. A show of gas is also reported in the Bayard sand in the Alice Corpen- ing No. 1 well (612), located in Clay district, 1.7 miles south 75 ° east of Enterprise. A show of oil was struck in the Silas Ogden No. 1 well (648), located 0.9 mile south 80° east of Gypsy, in the Bayard sand, 44 feet thick, coming 2429 feet below the top of the Pittsburgh coal. Southward on Jack run, three-fourths mile northeast from Glen Falfe, we find a small oil pool in the Bayard sand as represented by the R. W. Coon (665) and N. M. Talbott (666) wells. Here it comes 2475 feet below the Pittsburgh coal, 970 feet below the top of the Big Injun sand, and 60 feet below the base of the Fifth sand. In Simpson district a show of oil and gas was encoun- tered in the Bayard sand in the wells Nos. 688 and 689 near Bridgeport. In Grant district a little gas and an oil show was struck in the Enoch Gaston No. 1 well (722), located 2.7 miles west of Lost Creek station, in the Bayard sand, 10 feet thick, com- ing 2430 feet below the top of the Pittsburgh coal, and 30 feet below the Fifth sand. The Speechley Sand. The Speechley sand has been placed by F. H. OHphant 2a at 3100 feet below the Pittsburgh coal. Whether or not this horizon will ever produce oil and gas in paying quantities in West Virginia, has not yet been demonstrated. On page 358 of the Marshall-Wetzel-Tyler report, the writer mentions the possibilities of the existence of an oil pool at this horizon in western Marshall county. During 1910 the American Hydroscope Company of New York drilled a well on the T. E. Dye farm at Pike, 2.5 miles northwest of Ellenboro, to a depth of 4450 feet, approximately 2a. Vol. I (a), page 85, W. Va. Geol. Survey; 1904. WEST VIRGINIA GEOLOGICAL SURVEY. 285 4030 feet below the horizon of the Pittsburgh coal. A flow of oil is reported in the bottom of the Speechley sand at a depth of 3125 feet, or approximately 2700 feet below the Pittsburgh coal horizon. In the Doddridge-Harrison area at least three wells (688A, 732C and 737) have penetrated the Speechley sand horizon. The detailed record of one of these wells (698A) is published in connection with the Grassland section, page 120. In it a little gas is reported at a depth of 3125 feet below the Pittsburgh coal, which comes probably at the horizon of the Speechley sand, since the interval agrees closely with that given by Oliphant above. The westward thinning of the Mauch Chunk and Pottsville measures accounts in large de- gree for the decreased interval in the Dye well in Ritchie county. OIL AND GAS DEVELOPMENT IN THE DOD- DRIDGE-HARRISON AREA. Early History. Doddridge County. — According to I. C. White 3 the his- tory of the oil and gas development of Doddridge county began with the opening up of the Centerpoint oil pool early in 1892 by the South Penn Oil Company in its Sullivan Heirs No. 1 well (71), located on the north bank of McElroy creek, three-fourths mile northwest from Centerpoint. The oil pay was encountered in the Big Injun sand. About this time the Company drilled the Chas. Slusser No. 1 well (305), located 0.8 mile westward from Big Isaac. The gas pay was struck in the Big Injun sand. The next large oil pool to be opened in this county was the Hardman pool, located in the extreme northwest portion of McClellan district along the Doddridge-Tyler county line. According to I. C. White 4 , Murphy and Jennings drilled the first well in this pool on the Hardman farm in 1895, getting 3. Vo!. I, page 327-328, W. Va. Geol. Survey; 1899. 4. Vol. I, page 334, W. Va. Geol. Survey; 1899. 286 PETROLEUM AND NATURAL GAS. a 500 barrel well in the Big Injun sand. Later, other wells in this field were drilled on down to the Gordon sand and another oil pool obtained at that horizon. In 1898 the Sedalia gas pool was opened in the Gordon Stray sand by the Carter Oil Company in their Camden Heirs No. 1 well (28), located on Robinson fork, 2.8 miles south 10° west from Sedalia. The same company opened the Stout oil pool in the Cordon sand, February 1, 1899, ac- cording to Dr. White in the same report referred to above, in its S. W. Stout No. 1 well (227), located on South fork of Hughes river, 0.6 mile southeast from Kelly. This well had a daily production of 50 barrels one month after being- drilled in. Later important fields to be opened in this county were the Robinson Fork oil pool in the Gordon sand in the eastern part of McClellan district; the Harris oil pool in the Big In- jun sand located in the western part of Central district; the Smith oil pool in the Big Injun sand, located 1.5 miles north of West Union; the St. Clara oil pool in the Berea sand, lo- cated in the extreme southern point of Cove district; the Long Run oil pool along the eastern border of Grant and Greenbrier districts ; and the great gas pool along the crest of the Arches Fork anticline. All of these will be discussed more in detail on subsequent pages of this report. Harrison County. — Drilling operations, mainly for oil, began in Harrison county in the early 80’s of the last cen- tury. Dry holes were drilled in Clarksburg and near Quiet Dell. The first oil was struck in the I. L. Marsh No. 1 well (373), located in the northwest edge of Brown and drilled by I. C. White and T. M. Jackson in 1890, the log of which is used in connection with the section for Brown, page 90. In this well a flow of black oil was encountered in the Big Dunkard sand at a depth of 522 feet below the Pittsburgh coal. The well was never pumped, but a considerable amount of oil was carried away by farmers for domestic pur- poses. Later fields to be opened were the Jarvisville oil pool in the Fifth sand in the western edge of Union district; the ex- tension of the Folsom oil pool of Wetzel county in the Gor- WEST VIRGINIA GEOLOGICAL SURVEY. 287 don sand southeastward into the northwest portion of Sardis district ; the Salem oil pool in the same sand along the west- ern border of Ten Mile district; the great gas pools along the crests of the Wolf Summit, and Chestnut Ridge anti- clines; and the Shinnston oil pool in the Fifty-foot sand in the northern portion of Clay district. The latter pool was opened by the Hope Natural Gas Company in December, 1908, by its R. R. Hardesty No. 1 well (614), located on the Left fork of Mudlick run, 2 miles due east of Shinnston. These and other minor fields will be discussed more fully on subsequent pages of this report. DODDRIDGE COUNTY WELL RECORDS. The main source of information as to the thickness and character of the several formations of economic interest where they lie deeply buried below drainage in the Doddridge- Harrison area has been the logs or records of the many wells bored for oil and gas therein by both individuals and corpora- tions. Through the courtesy of the latter the writer has been enabled to collect the records of a large number of wells, on nearly all of which levels were taken in the field while gathering data for this report. A large number of the records are incomplete, in that often only the principal oil and gas horizons are noted. The importance of keeping an accurate and detailed record of the depth, thickness, and char- acter of all coals, red beds, limestones, dark slates, and oil and gas pays, as well as the depth* at which water is found, cannot be overestimated. This feature is well set forth by I. C. White in the Preface to Vol. 1(A) of the State Geologi- cal Survey reports. The accompanying table contains the abbreviated records of 240 wells in Doddridge county, as well as the tidal eleva- tions of several other wells, the records of which were not obtainable at this time. The wells are numbered consecu- tively from 1 up to 317, and grouped largely by magisterial districts, the serial number in each case corresponding to the map number of the same well as located on the economic geology map accompanying this report. A similar table is PETROLEUM AND NATURAL GAS. 288 found on a subsequent page for Harrison county, and in nearly all cases where one of these wells is rqentioned in the body of the text, the serial number of the well is added in paren- thesis. Under the column headed “Owner” in the Doddridge county table of well records, the following abbreviations are used : Acme Carbon Acme Carbon Company. Bish & Elder Bish & Elder Oil Company. Boliver Boliver Oil & Gas Company. Carnegie Carnegie Natural Gas Company. Carter Carter Oil Company. Cast e Brook Castle Brook Carbon Company. Centerpoint Centerpoint Gas Company. Eastern Eastern Oil Company. Elkhorn Elkhom Oil & Gas Company. Empire Empire Oil Company. Federal Federal Oil Company. Greenlee & For Greenlee & Forest. Greenwood Greenwood Natural Gas Company. Hagerstown Hagerstown Oil Company. Hope Hope Natural Gas Company. Jennings Jennings Oil Company. McCoy McCoy Oil Company. Mt. State Carbon Mountain State Carbon Company. Murphy & Jen Murphy & Jennings. Murphy O. Co Murphy Oil Company. Penna Pennsylvania Oil & Gas Company. Phila Philadelphia Company. Preston O. & G Preston Oil & Gas Company. Salem G. Co Salem Gas Company. Southern Southern Oil Company. South Penn South Penn Oil Company. Welch O. & G Welch Oil & Gas Company. West Union West Union Oil & Gas Company. Wheeling Wheeling Natural Gas Company. Wolf Summit Wolf Summit Oil & Gas Company. In the elevation column the letter “B” indicates that the elevation of the top of the hole was obtained by aneroid checked with nearby U. S. G. Survey spirit level elevations ; the letter “L,” by spirit level measurement. The elevations of the top of the hole are expressed in feet above tide. Depths and thicknesses of the formations are given in feet. Under the column headed “Producing Sand,” the follow- ing abbreviations are used : WEST VIRGINIA GEOLOGICAL SURVEY. 289 I C. R First Cow Run. B. Dunk Big Dunkard. II C. R Second Cow Run. Max Maxton. B. Lm Big Lime. Knr Keener. Big I Big Injun. Berea Berea Grit. Gnz Gantz. 50-ft Fifty-foot. 30-ft Thirty-foot. Stray Gordon Stray. Gord Gordon. 4th Fourth. 5th Fifth, or McDonald. 6th Sixth, or Bayard. 290 PETROLEUM AND NATURAL GAS. Summarized Record of Map No. NAME OP WELL • Location- District OWNER Elevation A. T. 1 Smith & Robinson No. 1 McClellan Carnegie 965B 2 P F Swigev No 1 McClellan McCoy 895B 3 TTeal Fates No 1941 McClellan Phila 960B 4 .Tosiah Dftvisson No. 1 McClellan Carnegie 880B 5 McClellan Rand et al 815B 6 A .T. Ash ora ft. No. 1 McClellan Carnegie 1240B 7 A .T Ashora.fi core tost. Mr.Clellan . . . Arnett et al 1005B 8 (rfto Ashcraft. No 1 McClellan . . . . Hope 930L 9 T.nfhfir Fj Ryi<^ No 1 . . McGlell^n Phila 960B 10 11 T "FT Ford's TTrs eore tost . . . McClellan . Arnett et al 959B Galeh Ashora.ff No 1 McClellan . . . Hope 1075B 12 W J Booher No 1 McClellan . . . . Hope 885B 13 T) L S w ig^ r No 1 McClellan Hope 930B 14 A. C. Ballonz No. 1 McClellan Wheeling 950B 15 F S Swi ger No 1 Hope 958B 16 Solomon Frum No. 1 McClellan Wheeling 885B 17 Mary E. Ritter No. 1 McClellan . . . . Hope 965B 18 F. S. Estlack No 1 McClellan . . . . Hope 19 Elias Underwood core test. . . . McClellan McClellan J. V. Thompson 795B 20 Nancy Smith No. 1 Phila 860B 21 J. Hudson core test McClellan J. V. Thompson 830L 22 E. S. Boggess No. 1 McClellan Carter 1035B 23 W. B Harbut No. 607 McClellan McClellan McClellan Hope 935B 24 S. T Tate No. 1 Eastern 840B 25 M. W. (Catherine) Tate No. 1. .. M. W. (Catherine) Tate core test Carnegie 845L 26 McClellan J V. Thompson 845L 27 H J. Shahan No. 1 McClellan .... Carter 945B 28 Camden Heirs No. 1 McClellan Carter 975B 28A C. W. Davisson No 1. . McClellan Phila 890B 29 Dye & Wise No 1 McClellan Carnegie 875B 30 Dye & Wise No. 2 McClellan Carnegie 1045B 31 Samuel Stout No. 1 McClellan V. I Allen 930B 32 I. F Hill No. 1 McClellan Hope 33 Lee Taylor No. 1 McClellan Hope 925B 34 Geo. Frum No. 1 McClellan Carter 1220B 35 Eliza J Webb No. 1 McClellan Carter 940B 36 Eliza J. Webb No. 2 McClellan .... Carter 1175B 37 C Stark No. 6 McClellan .... South Penn 1200B 38 F. J. Bart’ett No. 1 MeClellan South Penn 1215B 39 E. E Smith No. 1 McClellan South Penn 940B 40 C. D. Bartlett No 1 McClellan South Penn 1160B 41 Isaac Davis No. 1 i McClellan South Penn 1000B 42 Jamison Hutson No. 1 McClellan Elk Horn 1375B 43 Jamison Hutson No. 1 McClellan South Penn 965B 44 Jos. Thomas No. 1 McClellan . . . . Carter 885B 45 Geo. Russell No. 1 McClellan Carter 940B 46 I N. Riffee No 1 McClellan Carter 990B 47 1 I N Riffee No. 2 j McClellan . . . . Carter 1030B WEST VIRGINIA GEOLOGICAL SURVEY. 291 Weils in Doddridge County. PITTSBURGH COAL BIG INJUN SAND GORDON SAND Total Depth PRODUCING JAND Depth (top| ! Elevation ; (top) | A. T. Thickness Depth (top) Thicknees Depth (top) Thickness 620 j 345 13 1957 75 || 2682 | 74 || 2794 Gordon | K | 1977 83 | 2684 12 2851 Gordon 1822 130 | 2602 17 2843 Gordon . ■ 1 j 400 962 278 2238 94 j 2970 | 3100 Stray and Gord 1857 83 2606 24 2723 Gord 4th and 540 420 6 1886 68 2618 | 36 2689 Gordon . 1 | Strav and Anrd v n ti j auu VJ U1 U Stray 1 Big Injun 526 j 424 12 1870 | 100 2650 11 3129 Big I. and 4th 510 1 375 1818 108 2600 15 2615 Gordon 1 1950 | 110 2724 26 2805 Stray and 5th m i i 1 ■L. .! 1 ii 1 470 390 I II 1831 | 99 2530 16 2862 Fourth 450 [ 380 1 6.8 II | 457.3 1 1 1 | 1820 | 100 2600 2800 Bisf Tn inn 1 2680 15 1 1 1 | 1845 | 140 2590 1 2885 Anr-d nn 558 287 1, io I II 1860 j 125 2667 13 2689 Big I., Stray and Gord 650 295 | 10 || 1950 | 113 2730 20 2760 Big I. and Gord 715 260 1 II 2040 1 102 Bip - T and Strav 497 1 393 | 9 II 1853 | 108 2007 Bie: Iniun 676 | 369 | 7 !l 2000 1 550 1 380 1 8 II 1 2950 1 T-ti cr Tn in n 1 72 2621 12 2703 Gordon 964 [ 256 | 11 || 2247 | 91 [ 3063 17 3295 Gordon oil show 725 | 1 215 12 || 2035 | 93 27-52 40 2823 Stray 970 1 205 ! 10 II 2310 | 70 | 3047 22 3075 Stray 980 ! 220 | 1! 2285 | 115 3067 20 3087 Stray, gas; Gord., oil 1022 1 1^3 | II 2340 | 100 | 3072 14 3086 Stray 725 | 215 | 10 || 2035 | 100 2802 4 2806 Stray and Gord 970 I 1 190 1 6 !l 2281 | 94 | 3049 19 3108 Gordon 2115 ! 2873 2935 -t • i •• j vjroraon on snow riATTl An 775 ' 190 | 6 [| 2080 | 120 II 2858 14 3206 vjtoi cion 637 | 248 1 8 II 1935 | 120 || 2716 18 2740 Gordon rjnrH nn 775 1 215 | io II 2075 | 90 || 2802 15 2853 UUI U.UI1 Big I., Gordon 840 190 | 7 II 2143 | 105 || 2855 28 || 3029 Gordon Map 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 28A 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 Map No nr 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65 66 67 68 69 70 71 72 73 74 75 76 77 78 79 80 81 82 83 84 85 86 87 88 89 90 91 92 93 94 95 96 292 PETROLEUM AND NATURAL GAS. Summarized NAME OF WELL Locatien— District OWNER S T Rartlett No. 1 McClellan Carter C Stark No 1 McClellan South Penn .T R Howhnrst No. 1 McClellan South Penn .T R Rpwhnrst No. 18 McClellan South Penn W B. Hawkins No 3 McClellan South Penn McClellan South Penn T B Edgell No 3 McClellan South Penn T B Edgell No 1 McClellan South Penn Emplinp. Snodgrass No 1 McClellan South Penn Chas Erlgpll No 1 McClellan South Penn Sydney Joseph No 1 McClellan South Penn Sydnpv Joseph No. 2 McClellan South Penn Hpriry Cnmhridge No (1 ) McClellan South Penn U R "Hardman No 1 M o C 1 el 1 a n M J Yeater No 1 McClellan South Penn McClellan McClellan South Penn J. Smith & Co "Lowndes ,&■ Hart No 11 McClellan .... South Penn Silas Langfitt No 1 McClellan South Penn CJ-PO Cnmherlede'e No 1 McClellan South Penn Opo Cnmherlede’e No 2 McClellan Centerpoint M. A. Phillips No. 1 McClellan South Penn Samuel Collins No 3 McClellan South Penn SuFivan Heirs No 1 McClellan . . . South Penn Harriet McCormick core test. . . . 1YT a h a 1 a Swpptipv Ho 1 McClellan McClellan C. D. Martin South Penn Thos Ash No 1 McClellan . . . . . South Penn(?) John Ash No 1 McClellan South Penn Susan P. Swiger pore test. McClellan Martin & Summers . . M N Allen No 1 McClellan Carnegie Martha T Smith No 1 McClellan South Penn Israel J. Allen No. 1 McClellan Murphy & Jen Silas Lanefitt No 4 McClellan . . . . South Penn Silas Lanefitl No 7 McClellan . . . . South Penn 1 Benton Allen No 5 McClellan Murphy & Jen O W O Hardman No 25 McClellan Murphy & Jen Clinton Wright No 4 McClellan South Penn O W O Hardman No 54 McClellan Murphy & Jen Lloyd McIntyre No 1 McClellan Jennings W B. Allen No. 7. . . McClellan Murphy & Jen South Penn Chas Stewart No 7 Grant. J. D McReynolds No 1 Grant South Penn J D McReynolds No 17 Grant South Penn J D McReynolds No 4 Grant South Penn John McReynolds No 1 Grant South Penn Silas Ash No. 2 Grant South Penn Joseph Costilow No 1 Grant . South Penn Henry Knight No 1. . Grant . . South Penn Chas. Doak No. 1 Grant South Penn WEST VIRGINIA GEOLOGICAL SURVEY. 293 Wells in Doddridge County. — Continued. PITTSBURGH COAL BIG INJUN SAND GORDON SAND Total Depth PRODUCING SAND Depth (top) Elevation (top) A. T. Thickness Depth (top) Thickness Depth (top) Thickness 760 275 10 208o 12d |l 2853 10 I 2868 Gordon | 700 220 1 10 I 1 2000 i 105 || 2782 19 || 2802 | Gordon j — r. . | | 2410 | 87 | 2507 Bis* In inn 1 1 2238 | || | 2336 || Rjp’ T anri Onrvl i Dig A *> chi u VjtUI U. Fifth Rip" Tninn 2065 120 | 2197 mj Lin. 1941 | 1 2075 Tm'nn 2011 125 j 2753 | 12 | 3010 I Bio* Tninn — | | 1920 | |' 2032 Biff Tninn 1880 | | 1987 Biff Ininn I 660 | 315 2010 | 2139 Biff Tninn K....I | Bi ff Tn inn 440 355 1787 |* 113 | | | 2880 Dig Aiijun Big I., and Stray 450 J 330 ! l 1 1 1 Biff Ininn ' 1837 75 2540 | 5 2752 448 322 I 6 1! 1804 ; 146 1 1950 Big Injun 1 ! 87 | 1910 Biff Tninn 473 | 292 | 4 II 1817 112 1929 Big Injun 1 E.... 113 1 2670 | 20 2908 Big Injun II I 1 1833 1988 Bi p* Tn inn 1819 | 1935 Bi o* Tn inn | |j 1803 [ 1 | 1900 Dig ±11 J Uil • Bio - Tninn 1806 1 | 1892 ■Dig X11JU.I1 Biff Tninn 570 1 210 ! 1 1 || 1858 1 |l 1966 Dig 111 J Uil Biff Tninn 1 2030 1 i * * * 1 i 1 2182 Bi P* Tn in n i 2260 125 3013 | 6 3037 Dig liljuil Biff Tninn 1014 | 186 | II 2304 206 3070 | 11 3090 Dig xiij Uii Gordon 742 f 243 | II 2032 203 2830 | 5 2842 Gordon 1815 1 1968 Bi p* Tn in n 1796 j 1875 -Dig liljuil Bi p* Tn in n 1793 117 L 2520 Dig liljuil Bi P* T Q n Qir’mr | | 1 i 1890 || 1985 Dig i., diiu oiray Bi P* Tninn 1806 99 II 2581 Dig inj uil ■Rl cr T n n ^ QUrn vr 1 i 1 1 495 [ 310 1850 1957 Biff Tninn 2035 Bi p f Tninn * I ( 556 I 309 || 1902 111 1 i ii 2013 Biff Tninn ! 628 ! 312 [| 1968 112 | i 1 i H 2080 Big Injun [ < Map No. 50 51 52 53 57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65 66 67 68 69 70 71 72 73 74 75 76 77 78 79 80 81 82 83 84 85 86 87 88 89 90 91 92 93 94 294 - petroleum AND NATURAL GAS. Summarized Record of Map No. NAME OF WELL Location- District OWNER Elevation A. T. 97 Jacob Underwood Nn 11 Grant South Penn 1280B 98 W A Costilow No. 1 Grant Bish & Elder 1280B 99 "WP 1 S ar| dy No 2 Grant South Penn. . 920B 100 S a ndy No 1 Grant South Perm 1160B 101 N J Wilcox No 1 Grant Greenlee & For 860B 102 fiflm’l B Mc.Mil’an No. 1 Grant South Penn 778L 102A Emma Hoskinson No 1 Grant Phila 103 Grant. Trainer Bros. . 860B 104 C I McMillan No. 1 Grant Trainer Bros 845B 105 S B McMillan No 1 Grant Carter 815B 106 Grant Trainer Bros 1130B 107 flhas Shrader No 1 Grant Carter 1110B 108 Johnson Williams No 1 Grant Carter 910B 109 J L Smith No 1 Grant Murphy O Co 940L 110 .Tas Morgan No 1 Grant Carter? 925B 111 Grant Hope 1305B 112 Belix Davis No 1 Grant Hope 760B 112A U O Nestor No 1 Grant Penna 895B 113 H T Powell No 1467 Grant Hope 1000B 113A Powell & Williams No 1 Grant Penna. 1090B 114 B. D. Helmick No. 1476 Grant Hope 1010B 115 M. J. Carr No. 1 (No. 141) Grant Hope 866L 116 i C. G. Davis No. 1 Grant Wheeling 935B i 117 Susan Sadler No. 1 Grant Trainer Bros . 980B 118 R. B. Davisson No. 1 Grant Hope 870B 119 R. M. Orr No. 1 Grant Wheeling 1220B 120 Tate Bros No. 1 Grant Wheeling 915B 121 Henry Orrowhood No. 1 Grant Wheeling . 860B 122 Silas Cain No. 1 Grant Carter 865L 123 John Whalen No. 2 Grant Carter & Carney. . . . 1160B 124 John Whalen core test Grant. . 885B 125 Jas. Powell No. 1 Grant Phila . ... 880B 126 J. D Crabtree No. 1 Grant South Penn 835B 127 O. A. Sheets No. 1 Grant Hope 870B 128 W. A. Stutler No. 1 Grant Castle Brook 849L 129 Lewis Maxwell No 2 Grant Castle Brook 815B 129A Gordon Rush No. 1 Grant Acme 130 Z. Offutt No. 1 Grant Diamond Co 825B 131 Patrick Shaughnessy No. 1. . . . Grant South Penn 910B 132 Edward Conley No. 1 Grant Federal 955L 133 Robert Starkey No. 2 Grant South Penn | 990B 134 Ellen Kirk No. 1 Grant South Penn 1365B 135 John Hession No. 1 Grant South Penn 1330B 136 Mary O’Connor No. 1 Grant South Penn [ 137 Albert. A. Davis No. 1 Grant South Ppnn 995B 138 M. Davisson No. 6 Grant South Penn 1149L 139 Freeman Bros. No. 1 West Union. . . . Phila? 140 W W. Pratt No. 1 McElroy (Tyler' 1 South Penn .... 853L 141 Frank Smith No. 1 West Union . . . . South Penn WEST VIRGINIA GEOLOGICAL SURVEY. 295 Wells in Doddridge County. — Continued. PITTSBURGH COAL Depth (top) Elevation (top I Thickness BIG INJUN SAND GORDON SAND 1 Depth 1 (top) J 1 Thickness Depth 1 (top) Thickness Total Depth 950 , 330 | | 2290 | 119 ••••••! 2409 j 1 j 1880 | 2003 j 2131 j 215 2876 | 20 3005 ; | 1735 j 156 [ 900P: | | 2072 j 183 1 9Q1 fi ' 1820 | 130 9f»nn | 1 | 1793 | 90 | 1 1 8Q7 | 1 I | 1760 | 100 L lOt? 1 1850 690 I 440 1 1 | 2067 | 123 l | 2813 1 9 | 2840 1 1 i j 2020 | 75 1 2719 ! 8 2478 886 419 | 6 1 2220 | 111 2940 20 3400 462 433 | 5 1802 [ 106 || |‘ | 1910 529 471 | 3 1902 | 85 l| 1 2055 2054 1 1 538 472 | 16 1880 | 138 || ::: 2035 380 486 1 | 1730 | 130 II |... 2735 565 370 | 7 I 1900 | 140 || 2648 | 7 II 2692 660 320 7 || 1990 J 135 | 2740 | 20 II 2794 715 505 | 7 jj 2070 1 :::::: 2150 372 543 | 8 II 1733 | 105 || 1 || 3125 323 537 | 6 II 1693 | 110 ii 1 il 1890 755 i 465 417 | 330 I 405 420 463 505 1695 j 2150 | I' 103 65 270 240 645 579 1717 | 79 I 1659 | II. 1546 | 74 If. 1624 ! II. 265 6 11 5 || 2010 | 85 || 2721*1" *4 1120 i 1070 | 1040 | 742 | 924 I 245 260 253* 225 I! 2475 | || 2455 | || 2388 | || 2075 | ■ || 2252 | 80 || 3200 | 120 || 3161 [ 110 || 3130 | 110 || 2849 | 80 j| 3015 | 13 12 12 15 12 2479 2242 479 2701 1768 2193 1640 2725 3228 3220 3185 (I 2881 || 3028 PRODUCING SAND Big Injun. Maxton . . Big Injun. Big Injun Big I., and 5th Big Injun Big Injun Big Injun B. I., Stray & Gord. Max., B. I. & Gord.. Big Injun Big Injun Big Injun Max. and Big Injun Big Injun Max. and Big Injun Big Injun j II. C. R. and Gord f B. I. and Gord | Max. and Big I | Salt, B. I. & 6th ". "l Salt and B. I | Big Injun | Big Injun | Big Injun . Big Injun Big I. and Salt. Big Injun Big I Gordon Gordon Gordon Stray and Gordon Big Injun Map No. 97 98 99 100 101 102 102A 103 104 105 106 107 108 109 110 111 112 112A 113 113A 114 115 116 117 118 119 120 121 122 123 124 125 126 127 128 129 129A 130 131 132 133 134 135 136 137 138 139 140 141 296 PETROLEUM AND NATURAL GAS. Summarized Record of Map No. NAME OF WELL Location— District OWNER Elevation A. T. 142 Wm. Smith No. 1 West Union . . . Louth Penn 865B 143 Ed. Cain No. 1 West Union. . . Carter 785B 144 Jos. Frftfiman No. 1 West Union . . . South Penn 759L 145 E 0. Ford No. 1 West Union . . . Boliver 770B 146 Wm. Freeman No. 1 West Union. . . Murphy & Jen 835B 147 Frank Smith No. 1 West Union. . . West Union 1185B 148 Frank Smith No. 2 West Union... Wolf Summit 980B 149 Frank Smith No. 1 West Union. . . Wolf Summit 1100B 150 Smith & Carr No. 1 West Union . . . Wolf Summit 1045B 151 Nancy Scott No 1 West Union. . . West Union. . . West Union . . . Wm. Maxwell 790B 152 153 Frank Maxwell Heirs No. 1 Vincent Cain No. 1 Wm. Maxwell Trainer Bros 945B 154 D. L. Dotson No. 1 West Union... Eastern 865B 155 P B. McClain No. 1 West Union. . . . West Union. . . . West Union. . . . West Union. . . . West Union. . . . Eastern 10T0B 156 John Con 1 ah an No 1 Eastern 940B 157 Robt. Harper No. 1 Phila 950B 158 S. O. Jones No 1 Trainer Bros 800L 159 Steel Heirs No 1 Carter (Wheeling) . . 865B 160 Thos. Ryan No. 1 West Union. . . . West Union. . . . West Union. . . . West Union. . . . Acme 800B 161 Lloyd Davis No. 1 Carter 860B 162 L. T. Davis No. 1 Empire 780B 163 Gribble <& Dufore No. 1 Gribble & Dufore.... 786L 164 Jap Stewart Heirs No. 1 West Union. . . . West Union. . . . West Union. . . . Empire 845B 165 Jos. Cheuvront No. 1 Empire 930B 166 Lewis Maxwell No. 8 Mt. State Carbon. . . . 900B 167 Lewis Maxwell No. 1 West Union. . . . West Union. . . . West Union. . . . West Union. . . . West Union. . . . Phila 832L 168 B Foley et al No 1 Phila 845B 169 Jacob Netzer No. 1 Carter 830B 170 Fielding Britton No. 1 Hope 840B 171 Lewis Maxwell No. 1 Mt. State Carbon. . . . 870B 172 Lewis Maxwell No. 1 West Union West Union. . . . West Union. . . . West Union. . . . West Union. . . . Acme 905B 173 Lewis Maxwell No 2 Acme 905B 174 Leeman Maxwell No. 4 Carnegie 1005B 175 Leeman Maxwell No 6 Carnegie 880B 176 Lafayette & Fleming No. 1. . . . Carter 860L 177 Jos Freeman No. 1 West Union. . . . West Union. . . . West Union. . . . West Union. . . . West Union .... Carter 890B 178 J. Wesley Smith No. 1 Carter 925L 179 Harvey Smith No. 1 Carter . 900B 180 Harvey Smith No. 2 Carter 955B 181 Ed Smith No. 1934 Phila 940B 182 W. C Griffith No. 1 Central , Greenwood 740B 182A Finley Dotson No. 1 Central < Carter 770B 183 W. Harrison Piggott No. 1 Chas. Piggott core test Central Hope 765B 184 Central Barnes et al 775B 185 | Perry Hutson No 1 Central South Penn 805B 186 | John Chisler No 1 Central , Carter 900B 187 I F J Ruley No. 1 Central Smith Penn 840B 188 W. A. Duckworth No. 1 Central Carter 865B 189 | Frank Cooper No. 1 Central Carter 980B WEST VIRGINIA GEOLOGICAL SURVEY. 29? Wells in Doddridge County. — Continued. PITTSBURGH COAL BIG INJUN SAND | GORDON SAND Total Depth PRODUCING SAND Map No. 140 Depth (topi Elevation (top) A. T. Thickness 88 Thickness Depth (top) Thickness | 1695 j 103 1 1707 | 89 | 2479 2750 Big Injun 143 144 145 146 147 148 149 150 151 152 153 154 155 156 157 158 159 160 161 162 163 164 165 166 167 168 169 170 171 172 173 174 175 176 | 177 | 178 [ 179 180 181 [ 182 | 182A | 183 I 184 185 186 | 187 | 188 | 189 Big Injun Big Injun 514 841 644 768 700 321 344 336 332 345 6 1863 | 107 | 2228 | 101 2788 2329| 2130 2259 2167 Big Injun Big Injun Big Injun | 2012 2130 | 114 | 2067 | Big Injun Big Injun j Big Injun | 564 381 4 2712 1898 2630 1750 2745 Big I. and Gord j j 1800 | Big Injun i 465 545 i 1875 | 130 1743 j [ 2608 i Big I. and Stray Salt and Big I 1778 127 Salt, B. Led. & B. I j i 1 1 1602 86 1644 | 144 1645 | 85 1 1 2301 | 2330 | 2338 | 2403 | 2408 j 2383 4 12 8 5 7 14 2514 2348 2362 Salt., B. I., Stray & Gord. Salt, and Gord Gordon 1 Gordon 1 | | B. I., and Gord 1696 j 91 j 1850 | 60 [ | ! 2433 3053 Big I 445 | 387 Big I. and Berea | 310 | 520 3 1702 | 70 | | i 2493 210 [ 695 3 i i 1640 30 1 1 I 2300 | 10 1 2405 B I , and Gord Big Injun 1 1405 ! B. Dunk, and Salt ! 1730 | 70 | | | | i Salt ' 1 | 1340 [ 2445 Salt ' 1 1700 | 66 | i | | 2319 I 8 | I C. R., B. Lm, & Big I. . | Big I 1 [ | 1753 75 j 1745 | [ 1857 [ 1745 B. Lm. and Big I 410 470 550 490 485 390 l j 3 I 2 5 | Big I i { | | Big I ! 1930 70 | | | 2515 II 2 2843 Big I. and B. Lm Salt and Big I j i 1698 | 117 i i i |j J 1884 j 1 Big I i i j 412 ! j j j Big I r 1 1916 59 j 2625 | 3085 1 | 1916 78 1971 | 55 2081 2136 B Lm. and Big I i | . I 1 Big I 298 PETROLEUM AND NATURAL GAS. Summarized Record of Map No. NAME OF WELL Location- District OWNER Elevation A. T. 190 John Harris No 1 Central Garter 835B 191 Williamson Heirs No. 1 Central Carter 819L 192 Carter-Harris No. 1 Central Carter 825B 193 Dan’l H. Harris No. 3 Central Carter 835B 194 B. C. Powell No. 1 Central Carter 900B 195 Dan’l H Harris No. 2 Central < Carter 830B 196 School House Lot No. 1 Central Greenwood 870B 197 David Ankrom No. 1 198 Wm. Flanagan No 1 Gentral Murphy & Jen 815B 199 Eugene Henry coal test Gentral . . H G Davis 875B 200 Eugene Henry coal test Gentral Eugene Henry 910B 201 Rachael Bee No. 1 Gentral . . Carter 945B 202 L. D. Stuck No. 1 Gentral . . . . . i Garter 895L 203 County Farm No 1 870B 204 S. H. Douglas No. 1 Gentral . . . , Garter 900B 205 Jack Cunningham No. 1933. . . . Gentral Phila 1060B 206 Nancy Smith No. 1 Gentral . . ., Garter 935L 207 F. A. Leach No. 1 Morphy .Ten .... 825B 208 S A Hansford No. 1 TVest Union. . . . Garter 985B 209 D. M. Haught No. 1 Southwest Phila 940B 210 W. L. Stinespring No. 1 Southwest Carter 895B 211 C. P Broadwater No. 1 Southwest . . . . Garter 810L 212 Granville S. Nutter No. 1932.. Southwest Phila 830B 213 David W. Gray No. 2 Southwest . . . . Gartej* 840B 214 David W. Gray No. 1 Southwest . . . . Garter 860B 215 Eli Nutter No 1 Son th west Carter 930B 216 W Brent Maxwell No Southwest. Garter 895B 217 M. H Wilson No. 1 Southwest Carter 935B 218 Eli M Gaston No. 1 Southwest Carter 900B 219 S M Gaston No. 1 Southwest Carter 920B 220 W B Maxwell No 8 Southwest Carter 910B 221 W B Maxwell No. 2 Southwest Carter 920B 222 W B. Maxwell No. 4 Southwest Carter 940B 223 W M Stout No 10 Southwest Carter 980B 224 S W Stout No 7 . .... Southwest Carter 905B 225 | S W Stout No 2 Southwest Carter 930B 226 S W Stout No 4 Southwest Carter 935B 227 S W Stout No 1 Southwest Carter 935B 228 S W Stout No 19 Southwest Carter 990B 229 S W Stout No 18 Southwest 1 Carter 990B 230 G D Allender No 1 Union (Ritchie). ! Carter 970B 231 Wm Adams No 1 Union (Ritchie). Carter 790B 232 Hamilton Russell No 1 Cove South Penn 1080B 233 L G Eh a pm an No 1 Cove Southern 234 Jas H Bode No 1 Cove South Penn | l 1075B 235 1 Jas U Bode No R Cove South Penn | 1075B 236 John A Bode No 9 Cove South Penn | 1 1125B 237 | John A Bode No 1 Cove South Penn | 990B 238 | Wm. H. Bode No. 1 Cove South Penn 930B WEST VIRGINIA GEOLOGICAL SURVEY. 299 Wells in Doddridge County. — Continued. PITTSBURGH COAL BIG INJUN SAND 1 Depth (top) J Elevation (t°P) A. T. Thickness Depth (to?) 1 hickness GORDON SAND Depth (top) Thickness Total Depth PRODUCING SAND Map No. 690 470 ! 480 ! 255 I 652 I 408 411 | 525 I 370 | 0 370 I 4 380 | 1 I 1778 1764 1775 1785 1866 1795 1740 2028 2000 1985 1943 1825 1886 1745 1815 1718 1678 1670 1833 1660 1700 1650 1605 1640 1736 1830 1705 1760 1705 1850 1970 2150 1674 1800 2007 2040 2110 1964 1935 93 100 25 105 55 98 84 | 89 50 63 87 75 60 90 40 30 80 33 40 50 80 60 80 160 | 100 I 95 | 70 I 155 100 | 55 | 32 | 47 I 100 104 110 | 105 | 90 I 2486 12 2425 I 75 I 2315 I 2330 | 2295 2310 2273 2280 2288 2397 2499 2443 2421 2443 2506 2572 2440 2653 2675 2754 2597 2569 1910 1879 1814 1895 1921 2130 2712 2147 2828 1794 2081 2878 2655 2106 2738 2121 1755 2404 2551 2116 2500 2385 2300 2304 2312 2422 2519 2484 2472 2484 2530 2597 2184 2670 2730 2680 2680 2782 2612 2595 Big I. Big I. Big I. Big I. Big I. Big I. Max., Big I., and Gantz Maxton . . . B. Lm, and Keener Big I. Big Dunkard. Big I Big I Big I Big I. and Gord B. Lm Big I Big I. and Stray B. Dunk., Max. & Gord, Big I. and Gord Big I. and Gord Gordon Gordon Gordon Gordon Gordon Gordon Gordon Big I Salt and Big I Big I.. Gordon Gordon Gordon Gordon Gordon 190 191 192 193 194 195 196 197 198 199 200 201 202 203 204 205 206 207 208 209 210 211 212 213 214 215 216 217 218 219 220 221 222 223 224 225 226 227 228 229 230 231 232 233 234 235 236 237 238 300 PETROLEUM AND NATURAL GAS. Summarized Record of Map No. NAME OF WELL Location — District OWNER Elevation A.T. 239 Andrew (J.) Hurst No. 1 Cove South Penn 930B 240 W. M. Williams No. 1 Cove Carter 900L 241 John Wanstreet No. 1 Cove Carter 855B 242 Jacob Ruppert No. 1 Cove Southern 940B 243 John H. Schmidt No. 1 Cove 1095B 244 Henry U. Wanstreet No. 1. . . . Cove Carter 990B 245 P. Brannon No. 1 Cove Hagerstown 813L 246 Henry Bode No. 1 Cove South Penn 860B 247 Jos. Krenn No. (3?) Cove South Penn 830B 248 Christian Albers No. 1 Cove South Penn 803L 249 John Gemps No. 1 Cove South Penn 810B 250 Chas. Fischer No. 1 (Lewis County) . South Penn 810L 251 John Rastle No. 2 (Lewis County) , South Penn 252 John Bland No. 1 New Milton. . . . Castle Brook 855B 253 Geo. McClain No. 2 New Milton. . . . Castle Brook 855B 254 Franklin Randolph No. 1 New Milton. . . . Preston O & G 815L 255 A. F. Randolph No. 1 New Mi’ton .... South Penn 826L 256 A. M. Greathouse No. 1 New Milton .... South Penn. 915B 257 Lewis Maxwell No. 1 New Milton. . . . Trainer Bros 258 Porter Maxwell No. 34 New Milton. . . . Murphy O Co. . . . 965B 259 Porter Maxwell No. 31 New Milton. . . . Murphy O. Co 925B 260 Mary E Gabbert No. 1 New Milton. . . . South Penn 1070B 261 Wm. Stout No. 8 New Milton. . . . Carter 1265B 262 J B. Maxwell No. 2 New Milton. . . . South Penn . . . 1055B 263 J. B. Maxwell No. 1 New Mi'ton. . . . South Penn .... 975B 264 C C. Pearcy No. 1 New Milton . . . ., South Penn . 1095B 265 L. W Pearcy Heirs No. 1 New Milton. . . ~ South Penn 985B 266 John Gribble No. 3 New Milton. . . . Carter 1135B 267 John Gribble No. 2 New Milton .... Carter 1100B 268 Fred Fisher No. 3 New Mi’ton .... Carter 1165B 269 John Gribble No. 1 New Milton .... Carter 925B 270 B. M. Crook core test New Mi’ton. . . . J. V. Thompson 925L 271 Jas. Maxwell No. 1 i New Milton. . . . Carter 881L 272 Mary V. Dillon No. 1? New Milton. . . . Welch O & G 840L 273 John W Rymer No. 1 New Milton .... South Penn. 850B 274 J. M Cox No. 1 New Milton. . . . Hope 955B 275 Jacob J Cox No. 1 New Milton. . . . Carter 891L 276 | J. C. Cumpston No. 1 New Milton Hope 277 D H Nicholson No. 1 New Milton. . . . South Penn . . 1015B 278 W. B. Maxwell No. 1 ' New Milton. . . . South Peuu 1285B 279 D A Kelley No. 1 Greenbrier . . . . Hope 1040B 280 Hick Davis No. 1 Greenbrier R K. Jones 920B 281 Minerva Sadler No. 1 Greenbrier .... South Penn 910B 282 F. M. Williams No. 1 Greenbrier . . . . South Penn 945B 283 L. Gainer No. 1 Greenbrier South Penn 1000B 284 M. T. Williams No. 1 Greenbrier . . . . South Penn 1000B 285 Edith Stout No. 1 Greenbrier J. Randolph 885B 286 M. T. Williams No. 5 Greenbrier . . . . South Penn 940B 287 I M. T. Williams No. 2 Greenbrier . . . . South Penn 915L WEST VIRGINIA GEOLOGICAL SURVEY. 301 Wells in Doddridge County. — Continued. PITTSBURGH COAL BIG INJUN SAND GORDON SAND Total Depth PRODUCING SAND Map No. Depth (top) Elevation (*°p) A. T Thickness Depth (top) Thickness Depth (top) Thickness Big I 239 1940 92 2564 6 2587 Gordon 240 1952 95 2539 8 2564 Gordon 241 2080 82 3008 242 2110 185 2840 1 3102 Big I and Berea 243 244 245 246 247 324 479 1 1738 152 2207 Berea 248 1730 2200 Berea 249 315 495 1 1710 205 2186 Berea 250 2087 103 2454 Berea 251 1061 Salt 252 1579 1626J Big I 253 2557 254 1860 80 2630 2864 Big T 255 I 1980 90 2984 256 175 1 1 3 1 1595 [ 2344 Big I and Gord 257 1 i I 2393 1 4 2415 Gordon 258 1 | 2367 3 2390 Gordon 259 1 1 1 1 1794 26 2452 1 8 2480 Big I and Gord 260 1 1 [ 2040 90 2673 | i 5 2698 Gordon 261 1 ! 1 1880 74 2531 1 3 2562 Gordon 262 i i 1 ! 263 1948 2001 Big T 264 1 1 1890 90 2568 1 8 2593 Gordon 265 i | 2140 110 2796 I 1 5 2820 Gordon 266 1 1977 163 2655 1 2800 fjA.ff ti (i fjord 267 ... | 2090 115 2727 | 1 4 2963 Gordon 268 1 2100 110 2745 1 5 2770 269 1 1 270 1 2035 75 2655 i 4 | 2862 271 1946 100 2640 10 | 2842 ' 272 273 i 1 274 521 | 370 5 1 1995 100 2660 | 3 | 2860 . 275 | 2295 120 2906 5 3542 fiord arid 976 540 | 475 5 1 2075 75 2658 j ' 7 | 2906 AllO 277 795 | 490 5 2298 125 | 2653 Berea 278 279 j 280 670 | 240 j 2067 60 2779 4 3079 Gordon 281 i 2050 110 2792 7 2805 Gord nn 282 i uUi UUIl Gordon 283 720 j 280 5 I 2080 80 j 2816 10 2836 Gordon 284 ! Gordon 285 660 280 5 | 2039 109 | 2716 Gordon . 286 630 j 285 1 1990 90 j 2725 | 11 2748 Gordon 287 302 PETROLEUM AND NATURAL GAS. Summarized Record of Map No. NAME OF WELL Location — District OWNER Elevation A.T. 288 Marcellus Clark No. 2 Greenbrier South Penn 925L 289 Charlotte Clark No. 3 Greenbrier South Penn 938L 290 R. G. Davis No. 3 Greenbrier South Penn 1075L 291 L D. Davis No. 1 Greenbrier Southern 985B 292 Jesse Sadler No. 1 Greenbrier Dr. Louchery 1170B 293 .Teaae Sadler No. 1 South Penn 1000B 294 O. G. Davis No. 1 Greenbrier South Penn 895B 295 Isaac Eddy No. 1 Greenbrier . . South Penn 918L 296 Maxwell Heirs No. 1 Greenbrier Murphy et al 960B 297 Isaac Eddy No. 2 Greenbrier South Penn 890B 297A J. J. Adams No. 1 Greenbrier Randolph & Ward... 880B 298 Henry Meeks No. 1 Greenbrier J. Randolph 925B 299 J. H. Meeks No. 1 Greenbrier . . . Southern 950B 300 G W Burnside No 1 nrppnhrioi' 1300B 301 Joseph Richard No. 1 VJI UU11U1 lt/1 • • • • • Greenbrier Salem Gas Co 980B 302 Lewis Hickman No. 1 Greenbrier . . . Salem G. Co 975B 303 L. D. Waugh No. 1 Greenbrier . . . . Hope 1165B 304 Williams Heirs No. 1 Greenbrier Hope 1005B 305 Chas. Slusser No 1 Greenbrier South Penn 945B 306 Abe Hinkle No. 1 Greenbrier Hope 307 D. E. Cox (Nicholson) No. 1.. Greenbrier Hope 880B 308 Edgar Davidson No 1 Greenbrier South Penn 1005B 309 Freeman Heirs No. 1 Greenbrier Hope 310 M. M. Sperry No 1 Greenbrier . . . Hope 915B 311 J. B. Carder No. 1 Greenbrier Hofmeir & Deegan. . 1040B 312 H. G Moffett (No. 6) Greenbrier South Penn 1420B 313 J T. Somerville No. 3 Greenbrier South Penn 1125B 314 A D Lawson No 6 Greenbrier South Penn 1150B 315 Geo. T Richards No. 3 Greenbrier . South Penn 1195B 316 Wm Mowrey No. 2 Greenbrier South Penn 1295B 317 | Wm Mowrey No 1 Greenbrier South Peuu 1190B WEST VIRGINIA GEOLOGICAL SURVEY. 303 Wells in Doddridge County. — Continued. PITTSBURGH COAL BIG INJUN SAND GORDON SAND Total Depth PRODUCING SAND Map No. Depth (top) Elevation (top) A. T. Thickness Depth (top) Thickness Depth (top) Thickness ' 639 ^86 “< 5D 1990 115 2716 12 2750 Gordon 288 730 208 5 2090 120 2808 14 2836 Gordon 289 800 275 2170 85 2864 13 2902 Gordon 290 652 333 2739 18 2758 Gordon 291 j 292 i 293 1 Gordon 294 1 Gordon 295 587 373 1920 185 2670 30 2930 B. I. Stray & Gordon 296 297 ODD | 325 1 2690 25 bbl. in Gord. at 2672'.. 297A | 298 600 ! 350 1 2726 6 2742 Gordon 299 l 300 628 1 1 352 7 2075 55 2708 20 2929 Stray and Gord 301 1985 75 2581 2808 Big I. and Gord 302 700 1 465 8 j | 2090 Gord. and 4th 303 j 304 I Big I 305 i i | 306 . [ 1937 96 i | 2612 13 3207 Gord. and 4th 307 2000 160 | 2621 1 14 I 2989 l 308 ! 309 i ‘ 2785 Gordon ! 310 552 488 4 1980 106 2619 22 2909 Gordon 311 2345 125 | 3006 18 3093 Gordon 312 474 651 6 1900 65 | 2580 40 2815 5th 313 478 | 672 5 | 1900 | 2585 40 2824 Gordon 314 590 ' 605 5 | 2035 100 j 2651 35 2989 Gordon Stray 315 2020 69 2605 40 2878 5th 316 700 i 490 4 2125 150 | 2798 42 3081 5th 317 The accompanying table is very convenient for ready reference as to the depth and thickness of the Pittsburgh coal, and the Big Injun* and Gordon sands, but it is of great im- portance that the complete record of a number of these wells be given, not only to preserve them from loss, but for the large fund of information they contain as to the presence or absence of other coal beds, as well as other oil and gas hori- zons. The accurate location of any tabulated well is readily determined by its serial or map number published in the table and with the heading in parentheses when the complete rec- ord is given, and also on the economic geology map accom- panying this report in a separate cover. 304 PETROLEUM AND NATURAL GAS. Oil and gas have been produced in every district of Dod- dridge county. The well records along with a discussion of the several fields and their relation to geologic structure will now be considered by magisterial districts. McClellan district. McClellan district occupies the northeastern portion of Doddridge county, and adjoins Tyler, Wetzel, and Harrison counties. A glance at the structure map will show that its area is traversed in a northeast-southwest direction by three structural folds ; viz., the Arches Fork anticline, and the Rob- inson and Burchfield synclines. Hence, the strata are very much warped, giving ideal structural conditions for the segre- gation of oil and gas into pools of commercial value, making this district the richest in these valuable hydrocarbons of any other in the county. Along the crest of the Arches Fork an- ticline and a short distance down the slopes there occurs a great gas field, consisting of 75 to 100 wells within the bor- ders of the district. In the southeast part of the district we find a Gordon sand pool of oil in the Robinson Basin, consist- ing of 75 to 90 wells. This pool conforms to the anticlinal theory of the accumulation of oil and gas, since the Gordon sand contains no water in this portion of the State. The same is true with all other sands below the Big Injun in Doddridge and western Harrison counties. Passing to the western slope of the Arches Fork anti- cline in this district, a pool of oil is found in the Big Injun sand that follows closely the 275 and 300-foot structure con- tours of the Pittsburgh coal bed from the head of Beverlin fork of Talkington fork southwestward to the Doddridge- Tyler county line. Taking up these gas and oil pools in the order mentioned, there will now be given the logs of several wells scattered over and along the crest of th Arches Fork anticline : WEST VIRGINIA GEOLOGICAL SURVEY. 305 Smith and Robinson No. 1 Well Record (1). Located in McClellan District, at Heldreth. Authority, Carnegie Natural Gas Company. Completed Aug. 1, 1904. Thickness. Total. (Elevation, 965' B-A. T.) Feet. Feet. Unrecorded 620 620 Coal, Pittsburgh 13 633 Unrecorded 1324 1957 Big Injun Sand 75 2032 Unrecorded 568 2600 Sand, Gantz? (Thirty-foot) 25 2625 Unrecorded 33 2658 Sand, Fifty-foot? (Gordon Stray) 20 2678 Unrecorded 4 2682 Gordon sand (gas, 2696' and 2710') 74 2756 Unrecorded to bottom 38 2794 10" casing, 350'; 8 }4" casing, 1130'; 5 T 3 5 " casing, 2081'; 3" tubing, 2794'. “Rock pressure, 615 lbs.” The identification in parentheses are by the writer. The Gordon sand is the gas horizon in this well. An unusual thickness of sand — 74 feet — appears at this horizon, and it is possible that both the Gordon Stray and Gordon have coalesced. Ucal Bates No. 1941 Well Record (3). Located in McClellan District, 3 % miles northeast of Centerpoint. Authority, Philadelphia Company. Completed Nov. 15, 19o3. Thickness. Total. (Elevation, 960' B-A. T.) Feet. Feet. Unrecorded 63 63 Coal, native, (Washington) 2 65 Unrecorded 485 550 Coal, Pittsburgh. (Redstone) 5 555 Unrecorded 570 1125 Big Dunkard sand, white, hard 30 1155 Unrecorded 95 1250 Gas sand, white, hard 30 1280 Unrecorded 35 1315 Sand, Salt? (w'ater, 1340') 45 1360 Unrecorded SO 1440 Salt sand, white, hard 20 1460 Unrecorded 230 1690 Maxton sand, white, hard 25 1715 Unrecorded 20 1735 Little lime 15 1750 Unrecorded 75 1825 Pencil cave 8 1833 Big Lime 144 1977 Big Injun sand 83 2060 PETROLEUM AND NATURAL GAS. HOG Thickness. Total. Feet. Feet. Unrecorded 365 2425 Sand, Fifty-foot? (Gantz), shells 25 2450 Unrecorded 2550 Thirty-foot sand, lime shells... 10 2560 Unrecorded 69 2629 Sand, Stray, white, hard . . ) Gordon 5 2634 Unrecorded . . J- Stray 8 2642 Sand, Gordon? white, hard.... • • j ’ 12 2654 Unrecorded 30 2684 Sand, Fourth? (Gordon), white, hard (gas, 2695') . 11 2695 Unrecorded 130 2825 Fifth sand, white, hard 4 2829 Slate to bottom 22 2851 The drillers have erroneously identified the gas horizon as the Fourth sand. It should correlate with the Gordon, as the latter comes 720 to 800 feet below the top of the Big Injun. The coal at 550 feet apparently represents the Red- stone and not the Pittsburgh bed, since the latter, according to the J. Hudson diamond cb ill boring (See Sedalia section, page 70) comes 520 to 525 feet below the Washington coal. The well is just west of the line where the Pittsburgh coal as a merchantable bed disappears. Josiah Davisson No. 1 Well Record (4). Located in McClellan District, 2 1 / 4miles northeast of Centerpoint. Authority, G. M. Allender. Thickness. TotaJ. (Elevation, 880', B-A. T.) Feet. Feet. Unrecorded 535 535 Coal, Pittsburgh? (Littie Pittsburgh) 1 536 Unrecorded 479 1015 Big Dunkard sand 36 1051 Unrecorded 159 1210 Gas sand (Salt water, 8 bailers per hour, at 1232') 70 1280 Unrecorded 25 1305 Sand, Salt? (Second Cow Run) 65 1370 Unrecorded 350 1720 Little Lime 13 1733 Unrecorded 27 1760 Big Lime 62 1822 Big Injun sand (water, 1837') 130 1952 Unrecorded (no sands regular) 603 2555 Gordon Stray sand 20 2575 Unrecorded 27 2602 Gordon sand (gas, 2607') 17 2619 Unrecorded 10 2629 Fourth sand 5 2634 Unrecorded to bottom 209 2843 10" casing, 204'; 8*4" casing, 1037'; 6%" casing, 1778'. WEST VIRGINIA GEOLOGICAL SURVEY. 30? The well starts 40 to 50 feet below the crop of the Wash- ington coal ; hence, the one foot of coal at 535 feet in the well correlates with the Little Pittsburgh and not the Pittsburgh as given by the driller. The latter, as in the Bates well (3), is evidently absent as a minable bed. A. J. Ashcraft No. 1 Well Record (6). Located in McClellan District, 1.5 miles southwest of Rinehart. Authority, Carnegie Natural Gas Company. Completed Feb. 26, 1905. Thickness. Total. (Elevation, 1240' B-A. T.) Feet. Feet. Unrecorded 962 962 Pittsburgh coal and unrecorded.... 1276 2238 Big Injun sand 94 2332 Unrecorded 2790 Fifty-foot sand 30 2820 Unrecorded 150 2970 Sand, Gordon Stray (and Gordon), gas 70 3040 Unrecorded 45 3085 Sand, Gordon? (Fourth) and unrecorded to bottom 15 3100 10" casing, 180'; sii" casing, 1435'; 6%" casing, 2340'; 4" casing, 3100'. Packed 143' from bottom. Pressure test in 4" tubing: 1st y 2 minute 275 lbs. 1st minute 360 lbs. 2nd minute 400 lbs. 3rd minute 410 lbs. 4th minute 415 lbs. Rock pressure 700 lbs. The 70 feet of sand at 2970 feet, most probably represents both the Stray and Gordon, since the interval — 847 feet — from the top of the Big Injun to the top of the sand at 3085 feet is apparently too great for the Gordon. Geo. Ashcraft No. 1 Well Record (8). Located in McClellan District, 2.5 miles southwest of Rinehart. Authority, Hope Natural Gas Company. Thickness. Total. (Elevation, 930' L.A. T.) Feet. Feet. Unrecorded 1857 1857 Big Injun sand 83 1940 Unrecorded 666 2606 Gordon sand (gas) 24 2630 Unrecorded (gas in Fourth sand) 36 2666 Fifth sand (gas) 11 2677 Unrecorded to bottom 46 2723 308 PETROLEUM AND NATURAL GAS. The well starts 505 feet above the Pittsburgh coal hori- zon. The depth to and thickness of the latter coal as well as other coals, were purposely omitted from a number of the logs furnished the Survey by the Hope Natural Gas Company, the Reserve Gas Company, and the South Penn Oil Company. Luther E. Kyle No. 1 Well Record (9). Located in McClellan District, 1 % miles south of Heldreth. Au- thority, Philadelphia Company. m Thickness. Total. (Elevation, 960' B-A. T.) Feet. Feet. Unrecorded 237 237 Sand (Carroll) (Uniontown) (little gas) 13 250 Unrecorded 290 540 Pittsburgh coal 6 546 Unrecorded 109 655 Sand, Murphy? (Minshall) 28 683 Unrecorded 242 925 Little Dunkard sand 103 1028 Unrecorded 28 1056 Big Dunkard sand 49 1105 Unrecorded 30 1135 Gas sand 45 1180 Unrecorded 112 1292 Sand, Salt? (il Cow Run) 48 1340 Unrecorded 222 1562 Maxton sand 95 1657 Unrecorded 23 1680 Little lime 18 1698 Pencil cavte 12 1710 Unrecorded 60 1770 Big Lime 78 1848 Slate 3 1851 Lime 35 1886 Big Injun sand (little gas, 1896') 68 1954 Unrecorded 120 2074 Sand, Berea 138 2212 Unrecorded 228 2440 Fifty-foot sand 10 2450 Unrecorded 75 2525 Thirty-foot sand 35 2560 Unrecorded 28 2588 Gordon Stray sand 30 2618 Unrecorded 7 2625 Gordon sand (gas, 2646' and 2661') 36 2661 Unrecorded to bottom 28 . 2689 This is a very interesting record, in that a light flow of gas was encountered in the Carroll (Uniontown sandstone) sand, coming 290 feet above the Pittsburgh coal, the only one WEST VIRGINIA GEOLOGICAL SURVEY. 309 observed in the two counties. The well had an initial volume of 7 million cubic feet of gas daily from the Gordon sand. The well is located on the flattened crest of the Arches Fork anticline, to which structural feature it no doubt owes its large volume. Other gas wells in the Gordon Stray, Gordon, and Big Injun sands on Sycamore fork that are tabulated are the Caleb Ashcraft No. 1 (11), W. J. Booher No. 1 (12), and D. L. Swiger No. 1 (13). The two following records are from gas wells in the Fourth and Gordon sands, located on Pike fork on the eastern slope of the anticline : A. C. Bollouz No. 1 Well Record (14). Located in McClellan District, 2*4 miles east of Centerpoint. Authority, Wheeling Natural Gas Company. Thickness. Total. (Elevation = 950' B-A. T.) Feet. Feet. Unrecorded 526 526 Pittsburgh coal 12 538 Unrecorded 423 961 Little Dunkard sand 11 972 Unrecorded 63 1035 Big Dunkard sand 105 1140 Unrecorded 60 1200 Gas sand 50 1250 Unrecorded 30 1280 Sand, Salt (II Cow Run and Salt) 180 1460 Unrecorded 268 1728 Little lime 37 1765 Unrecorded 15 1780 Big Lime 90 1870 Big Injun sand (small gas show, 1965') 100 1970 Unrecorded 598 2568 Boulder sand (Thirty-foot) 14 2582 Unrecorded 5 2587 Stray sand 16 2603 Unrecorded 47 2650 Gordon sand 11 2661 Unrecorded 8 2669 Fourth sand (fair gas pay, 2673') 10 2679 Slate, lime and shale to bottom 450 3129 “Filled up to 2681' and shot Nov. 17, 1905, with 40 quarts. Top of shot, 2669'; boftom, 2679'; Anchor, 2 ft. Small increase of gas.” 310 PETROLEUM AND NATURAL GAS. S. Frum No. 153 Well Record (16). Located in McClellan District, 1 % miles north of Sedalia. Au- thority, .Wheeling Natural Gas Company. Thickness. Total. (Elevation, 885' B-A. T.) Feet. Feet. Unrecorded 510 510 Pittsburgh coal and unrecorded 785 1295 Salt sand (water) and unrecorded 463 1758 Big Lime 60 1818 Big Injun sand 108 1920 Unrecorded 494 2420 Fifty-foot sand and unrecorded 75 2495 Thirty-foot sand and unrecorded 69 2564 Gordon Stray sand 36 2600 Gordon sand (gas 2600'-2615') to bottom, and not drilled through 15 2615 “7,000,000 cu. ft. gasser in Gordon sand.” The three following records are from gas wells located on the eastern flank of the Arches Fork anticline on Robinson fork in the Sedalia region. Here the gas horizons are the Big Injun, Gordon Stray, Gordon, and Fourth sands: Nancy Smith No. 1 Well Record (20). Located in McClellan District, 1 % mile northwest of Sedalia. Authority, Philadelphia Company. (Elevation, 860' B-A. T.) Gravel Sand, gray, (Waynesburg) Sand, gray Slate, gray Native coal, (Lower Uniontown) Slate, white Lime Slate, white Lime Slate, gray Lime Slate, gray Lime, blue Lime Slate, gray..-* Pittsburgh coal Lime Sand, gray (Lower Pittsburgh) . Slate, gray Red rock Sand, gray Slate, gray Lime Thickness. Total. Feet. Feet. . ... 10 10 50 60 . ... 147 207 . ... 14 221 2 223 . ... 12 235 . . . . 47 282 . . . . 5 287 . ... 43 330 5 335 . ... 42 377 15 392 . ... 43 435 . . . . 20 455 . ... 15 470 8 478 ....20 498 . . . . 47 545 .... 30 575 ....15 590 . ... 10 600 . ... 50 650 .... 43 693 WEST VIRGINIA GEOLOGICAL SURVEY. 311 Thickness. Total. Feet. Feet. Red rock 29 722 Slate, white 93 815 Red rock (Pittsburgh) 20 835 Lime 10 845 Slate, white 55 900 Lime 25 925 Slate, white 40 965 Slate, black 35 1000 Lime 15 1015 Sand, white (Big Dunkard) 65 1080 Slate, pink 10 1090 Sand, gray (Upper Freeport) 25 1115 Shale, black 43 1158 Sand, white 28 1186 Shale, black 64 1250 Sand, white (“Gas”) 85 1335 Shale, black 15 1350 Lime, black “Gas sand”? 5 1355 Sand, First Salt? (II Cow Run) 63 1418 Slate, black 20 1438 Sand, Salt 47 1485 Shale, black 35 1520 Sand, Salt 20 1540 Slate, black 10 1550 Sand, gray 35 1585 Slate, black 15 1600 Lime, blue 58 1658 Red rock 42 1700 Slate, white 5 1705 Lime 15 1720 Slate, white 34 1754 Big Lime 77 1831 Big Injun sand, hard 99 1930 Slate, gray 124 2054 Squaw sand 77 2131 Slate, gray 166 2297 Lime, blue 23 2320 Slate, gray 30 2350 Fifty-foot sand, black 45 2395 Slate, gray 95 2490 Sand, Stray 5 2495 Slate, white 15 2510 Sand, white 5 2515 Slate, pink 15 2530 Gordon sand, white and hard 16 2546 Slate and shells 80 2626 Fourth sand (gas, 2627') 17 2643 Slate, black 7 2650 Sand 15 - 2665 Slate, gray 55 2720 Sand 6 2726 Slate to bottom 136 2862 312 PETROLEUM AND NATURAL GAS. The well starts 50 feet below the crop of the Washington coal. The log is very complete and includes in the top por- tion 90 to 100 feet of the Dunkard series. S. T. Tate No. 1 Well Record (24). Located in McClellan District, one-third mile west of Sedalia. Authority, Eastern Oil Company. Completed August 27, 1897. Thickness. Total. (Elevation, 840' B-A. T.) Feet. Feet. Unrecorded 1845 1845 Big Injun sand (little gas, 1905'; enough to run boiler, 1945') 140 1985 Unrecorded 605 2590 Gordon sand (gas, 2590'; 2600') and unrecorded to bot- tom 295 2885 10" casing, 225'; 814" casing 1197'; 6%" casing, 2130'. The well starts 20 feet below the Washington coal, and is reported to be one of the best gas wells in the field. Its pro- duction is mostly from the Gordon, the same having an initial rock pressure of 800 to 900 pounds to the square inch. Catharine Tate No. 1 Well Record (25). Located in McClellan District, at Sedalia. Authority, Carnegie Natural Gas Company. Completed July 11, 1905. Thickness. Total. Feet Feet. Unrecorded 558 558 Pittsburgh coal 10 568 Unrecorded 1292 1860 Big Injun sand (gas, 1890'; 320 lbs. rock pressure)..... 125 1985 Unrecorded 515 2500 Gantz sand and unrecorded 25 2525 Fifty-foot sand 20 2545 Unrecorded 77 2622 Gordon Stray sand (gas, 2625') and unrecorded 45 2667 Gordon sand (gas, 2670') 13 2680 Unrecorded to bottom 9 2689 “Steel line measurement to sands.” y 2 minute pressure, 280 lbs. per sq. inch. 1 minute pressure, 320 lbs. per sq. inch. 2 minute pressure, 340 lbs. per sq. inch. Rock pressure, 380 lbs. per sq, inch. The well starts flush with the base of the Washington coal. The pressure tests are probably from the gas struck in WEST VIRGINIA GEOLOGICAL SURVEY. 313 the Big Injun, since rock pressure for the Gordon Stray and Gordon in this region should be double that given above. The following record of one of the largest gas wells ever struck in the State is taken from pages 326-327 of Volume I (Edition exhausted) of the State Survey reports : Camden Heirs No. 1 Well Record (28). Located in McClellan District, one-half mile southwest of Cascara. Authority, Carter Oil Company. Completed in November, 1898. Thickness. Total. (Elevation, 975' B-A. T.) Feet. Feet. Unrecorded 715 715 Pittsburgh coal and unrecorded (cave at 805') 349 1064 Little Dunkard sand and unrecorded 536 1600 Salt sand and unrecorded 175 1775 Maxton sand and unrecorded 190 1965 Big Lime 75 2040 Big Injun sand (gas) 102 2142 Unrecorded 627 2769 Sand, Thirty-foot? (very large gasser), Gordon Stray. ... 31 2800 “Mr. Aspinwall adds, ‘The rock pressure was about 900 lbs., but the volume was not obtained since it was so great that the mercury was blown out of the gauge.’ ” At the time of the publication of Volume I, mentioned above, it was thought that this great gas horizon represented the Thirty-foot, but later developments prove it to be the Gordon Stray sand. The production of this well has been enormous, since for a while it supplied the Carter Oil Com- pany with sufficient fuel to operate nearly all its wells in the State, while at • the same time a large portion of its produc- tion was blowing off with a deafening noise through a safety valve. A pressure test under these conditions exhibited over 700 pounds to the square inch. For the logs of the E. Stringer Boggess No. 1 well (22), located one mile west of Sedalia, and the H. J. Shahan No. 1 well (27), located one mile northwest of Cascara, the read- er is referred to Vol. 1(A) of the State Survey reports, pages 282-283. The first is a gasser in the Big Injun sand, and the latter a gasser in both the Big Injun and Gordon sands. The Shahan well (27) also had a showing of oil in the former ■sand. Westward to the crest of the Arches Fork anticline, sev- 314 PETROLEUM AND NATURAL GAS. eral good gas wells in the Big Injun sand are found on the waters of Big Battle. The following is a record of one of these wells : C. W. Davisson No. 1 Well Record (28A). Located in McClellan District, % mile north of Big Battle. Au- thority, Philadelphia Company. Thickness. Total. (Elevation, 890' B-A. T.) Feet. Feet. Unrecorded 220 220 Coal, (Uniontown) 6 226 Unrecorded 271 497 Pittsburgh coal 9 506 Unrecorded 40 546 Sand, Hurry-Up (Lower Pittsburgh) 7 553 Unrecorded 342 895 Little Dunkard sand 10 905 Unrecorded 96 1001 Big Dunkard sand 85 1086 Unrecorded 67 1153 Gas sand 57 1210 Unrecorded 98 1308 First Salt sand 20 1323 Unrecorded 70 1393 Second Salt sand 25 1423 Unrecorded 274 1697 Maxton sand 10 1707 Unrecorded 42 1749 Little lime 25 1774 Pencil cave 15 1789 Big Lime 64 1853 Big Injun sand (gas) 108 1961 Unrecorded 12 1973 Squaw sand 32 2005 Unrecorded to bottom 2 2007 10" casing, 605'; S 1 /^" casing, 1021'; 6%" casing, 1830'. Rock pressure, 600 lbs. per sq. inch. As mentioned on a preceding page, the sands below the Big Injun contain no water in this portion of the State; hence, as should be expected, a Gordon sand oil pool occurs in the synclinal basin next on the southeast from the great gas pool at this horizon, just described, in McClellan district, since nothing prevents the oil from passing down merely by the force of gravity into the Robinson Basin which traverses the southeast border of the latter area. The three following records, taken from pages 283, 284, and 286 of Vol. 1(A) of the State Survey reports, give interesting data as to the thick- WEST VIRGINIA GEOLOGICAL SURVEY. 315 ness and relative position of the several sands in the northern portion of the pool within this district : George Frum No. 1 Well Record (34). Located in McClelian District, 1.4 miles northeast of Sedalia. Authority, Carter Oil Company. Thickness. Total. (Elevation, 1220' B-A. T.) Feet. Feet. Unrecorded 964 964 Pittsburgh coal 11 975 Unrecorded 225 1200 Cave 95 1295 Unrecorded 102 1397 Sand, Cow Run (I Cow Run) 75 1472 Unrecorded 369 1841 Salt sand 119 1960 Unrecorded 233 2197 Big Lime 50 2247 Big Injun sand 91 2338 Unrecorded 380 2718 Berea sand 18 2736 Unrecorded 204 2940 Sand, (Thirty-foot) 20 2960 Unrecorded ; 49 3009 Gordon Stray sand 35 3046 Unrecorded 17 3063 Gordon sand (oil, 3076') 17 3080 Unrecorded to bottom (no Fifth sand) 215 3295 No record was obtained as to the initial production of these Gordon sand wells, but they ranged from 5 to 100 bar- rels daily. The log shows the absence of the Fifth sand in this locality and is evidence of its lenticular character, the latter feature no doubt in a great measure accounting for the presence of the Fifth sand oil pool at so high a structural level in the vicinity of Wolf Summit and Jarvisville, Harri- son county. Of course, it follows that if the sand was regu- lar and porous northwestward from the latter region to the eastern portion of McClellan district (Doddridge), the oil, owing to the absence of water at this horizon, would gravi- tate to the low point of the Robinson syncline, as has hap- pened with the Gordon sand. 316 PETROLEUM AND NATURAL GAS. Eliza J. Webb No. 2 Well Record (36). Located in McClellan District, 1 % miles north 70° east of Sedalia. Authority, Carter Oil Company. Thickness. Total. (Elevation, 940' B-A. T.) Feet. Feet. Unrecorded 970 970 Pittsburgh coal 10 980 Unrecorded 310 1290 Cave 200 1490 Unrecorded 10 1500 Sand, Cow Run? (Big Dunkard) 50 1550 Unrecorded 270 1820 Sand, Salt (II Cow Run) 76 1896 Unrecorded 154 2050 Sand, Maxton? (Salt) 40 2090 Unrecorded 118 2208 Big Lime 90 2298 Unrecorded 12 2310 Big Injun sand 70 2380 Unrecorded 610 2990 Gordon Stray sand (oil, 3025 ) 40 3030 Unrecorded 17 3047 Gordon sand 12 3069 Unrecorded to bottom 6 3075 This well is an exception, in that the oil pay was en- countered in the Gordon Stray sand, while the Gordon is apparently dry. As a rule in this field a gas pay is usually struck at the former horizon as will be observed in the fol- lowing record : S. Stark No. 6 Well Record (37). Located in McClellan District, 1.2 miles north 80° east of Sedalia. Authority, South Penn Oil Company. Thickness. Total. (Elevation, 1200' B-A. T.) Feet. Feet. Unrecorded 980 980 Pittsburgh coal and unrecorded 445 1425 Sand, Little Dunkard (I Cow Run) 35 1460 Unrecorded 75 1535 Big Dunkard sand 55 1590 Unrecorded 225 1815 Sand, “Gas”? (Second Cow Run) 75 1890 Unrecorded 85 1975 Salt sand 35 2010 Unrecorded 50 2060 Maxton sand 40 2100 Unrecorded 70 2170 Little lime 50 2220 Unrecorded 10 2230 WEST VIRGINIA GEOLOGICAL SURVEY. 317 Thickness. Total. Feet. Feet. Big Lime 55 2285 Big Injun sand 115 2400 Unrecorded 450 2850 Fifty-foot sand 25 2875 Unrecorded 121 2996 Gordon Stray sand (gas, 2998', 3014 ') 47 3043 Unrecorded 24 3067 Gordon sand (oil, 3072 ') 20 3087 The following is a list of wells in this Gordon sand oil pool in McClellan district, the complete logs of which are published on the pages indicated of Vol. 1(A) of the State Survey reports. A summarized record of the same wells is given in the table of wells for Doddridge county. Map No. Name of Well. Page of Location | Vol. 1(A). 38 39 43 47 F. J. Bartlett No. 1 1.5 miles N. E. of Sedalia 287 1.4 miles E. of Sedalia.. | 287 1.6 miles S. E. of Sedalia 288 0.7 mile S. E. of Cascara| 284 E. E. Smith No. 1 Jamison Hutson No. 1 I. N. RiffeC No. 2 The three following records are from other wells in this Gordon oil pool in McClellan : C. Stark No. 1 Well Record (49). Location in McClellan District, one mile east of Sedalia. Au- thority, South Penn Oil Company. Thickness. Total. (Elevation, 920' BA* T.) Feet. Feet. Unrecorded 700 700 Coal, Pittsburgh 10 710 Unrecorded 507 1217 Big Dunkard sand 99 1316 Unrecorded 634 1950 Big Lime 50 2000 Big Injun sand 105 2105 Unrecorded 480 2585 Fifty-foot sand 5 2590 Unrecorded 60 2650 Thirty-foot sand 30 2680 Unrecorded 45 2725 Gordon Stray sand 32 2757 Unrecorded 25 2782 Gordon sand 19 2801 Unrecorded to bottom 1 2802 318 PETROLEUM AND NATURAL GAS. C. D. Bartlett No. 1 Well Record (40). Located in McClellan District, 1 % miles east of Sedalia. Author- ity, South Penn Oil Company. Thickness. Total, (Elevation, 1160' B-A. T.) Feet. Feet. Unrecorded 970 970 Pittsburgh coal 6 976 Unrecorded 394 1370 Sand, Little Dunkard (I Cow Run) 80 1450 Unrecorded 270 1720 Gas sand 25 1745 Unrecorded 395 2140 Maxton sand 25 2165 Unrecorded 60 2225 Big Lime 56 2281 Big Injun sand... 94 2375 Unrecorded 445 2820 Fifty-foot sand (shells) and unrecorded 100 2920 Thirty-foot sand 35 2955 Unrecorded 46 3001 Gordon Stray sand 30 3031 Unrecorded 18 3049 Gordon sand 19 3068 Unrecorded \. 40 3108 I. N. Riffee No. 1 Well Record (46). Located in McClellan District, 0.6 mile east of Cascara. Author- ity, Carter Oil Company. Thickness. Total. (Elevation, 775' B-A. T.) Feet. Feet. Unrecorded 775 775 Pittsburgh coal, good 10 785 Unrecorded 115 900 Cave 390 1290 Sand, Cow Run? (Big Dunkard) 4 1294 Unrecorded 331 1625 Salt sand, shelly (water, 1670') 150 1775 Unrecorded 65 1840 Sand, Maxton? hard (Second Salt) 20 1860 Unrecorded 120 1980 Cave 30 2010 Big Lime, sandy 65 2075 Big Injun sand, very hard, (gas, 2075') 90 2165 Unrecorded 250 2415 Berea Grit 15 2430 Unrecorded 350 2780 Gordon Stray 20 2800 Unrecorded 2 2802 Gordon sand (oil, 2802'; 2810') 15 2817 Unrecorded to bottom 36 2853 10" casing, 316'; 8" casing, 1292'; 6%" casing, 2031'; 5&" casing, 206iy 2 \ WEST VIRGINIA GEOLOGICAL SURVEY. 319 A light gas pay was struck in the Big Injun sand, but the well is too close to the axis of the Robinson syncline to ex- pect a paying gas well at any horizon. Passing to the western slope of the Arches Fork anticline in McClellan district, a great oil pool in the Big Injun sand is found extending entirely across the latter area. This field is merely an extension of the Arches Fork field of Wetzel county, and was the earliest opened in Doddridge county. The record of the first well in the field and also the first oil well in the county, drilled on the Sullivan Heirs farm early in 1892, is given in connection with the section for Center- point, page 72. Taking up the development of this oil pool from the Tyler-Doddridge county line southwestward, the following is the record of a well on the dividing ridge on the extreme head of Beverlin fork : J. B. Dewhurst No. 1 Well Record (50). Located in Grant District, Wetzel County, 0.9 mile S. 15° W. of Arches. Authority, South Penn Oil Company. Thickness. Total. (Elevation, 1330' B-A. T.) Feet. Feet. Unrecorded 1530 1530 Sand, Dunkard? (I Cow Run) 12 1542 Slate and shells 123 1665 Gas? sand (Burning Springs) 45 1710 Slate and shells 80 1790 Sand, Salt? (Gas, II Cow Run and Salt) 245 2035 Break 30 2065 Unrecorded 35 2100 Salt sand 30 2130 Red rock 125 2255 Slate 80 2335 White lime , 55 2390 Black sand, (Keener) 20 2410 Big Injun sand (gas, 2462'; oil, 2478') 87 2497 Slate to bottom 10 2507 The Pittsburgh coal was not recorded and is probably absent, since, owing to its importance as a key rock, it is al- ways noted in the driller’s log. Its horizon belongs at about 1060 feet in the well. Meagre records of the following wells in this pool are given in the table for Doddridge county: J. B. Dewhurst No. 18 (51), Emeline Snodgrass No. 1 (56), Sydney 320 PETROLEUM AND NATURAL GAS. Joseph Nos. 1 and 2 (58 and 59), Jos. Underwood No. 1 (63), and Geo. Cumberledge No. 2 (68). None of the well records gives any data as to initial production. The two following records, though very incomplete, con- vey information as to the depth the oil and gas pays were encountered : M. J. Yeater No. 1 Well Record (62). Located in McClellan District, 1.5 miles north of Centerpoint. Authority, South Penn Oil Company. Thickness. Total. (Elevation, 845' B-A. T.) Feet. Feet. Unrecorded 1920 1920 Big Injun sand (gas, 1930', 1950'; oil, 2004') and unre- corded to bottom 112 2032 Lowndes and Hart No. 11 Well Record (65). Located in McClellan District, 1.5 miles northeast of Centerpoint. Authority, South Penn Oil Company. Completed Aug. 6, 1895. Thickness. Total. (Elevation, 975' B-A. T.) . Feet. Feet. Unrecorded 660 660 Pittsburgh coal and unrecorded 1350 2010 Big Injun sand (gas, 2101'; oil, 2110') and unrecorded.. 129 2139 Conductor, 18'; 10" casing, 185'; 8^4" casing, 1256'; 6%" casing, 1630; 5iV' casing, 439'. Shot July 25, 1896, 16 quarts. Top of shot, 2106'. The three following records of wells in this field were published on pages 331 and 329 of Vol. I of the State Sur- vey reports, respectively. The edition of the latter report is exhausted, and since they contain much more detail than was possible in later wells, they are here re-published : George Cumberledge No. 1 Well Record (67). Located in McClellan District, one-fourth mile southeast of Cen- terpoint. Authority, South Penn Oil Company. Thickness. Total. (Elevation, 795' B-A. T.) Feet. Feet. Conductor 36 36 Limestone 30 66 Slate 20 86 Limestone and slate 180 266 Limestone (?) Pittsburgh coal at bottom 174 440 PLATE IX. — Stout Oil Field and Farm on which First Well was drilled. Another view of the Topography of the Dunkard series. WEST VIRGINIA GEOLOGICAL SURVEY. 321 Thickness. Total. Feet. Limestone and sand (water) 25 Slate, black 50 Red rock 35 Slate 180 Red rock 250 Big Dunkard sand 35 Slate 40 Sand, Lower Freeport (Gas sand) (water) 150 Slate 90 Sand, Salt (II Cow Run and Salt) 221 Red rock and limestone 203 Pencil slate and limestone (Mountain) (Big Lime) 68 Big Injun sand (oil, 1789'; gas, 1865') 113 Slate, black 34 Sand, black and gray 25 Slate 50 Sand, black (Squaw) 100 Slate 25 Limestone 35 Sand, gray (Berea) 41 Slate and shells 90 Sand, black, Gantz 45 Slate 10 Sand, hard, gray, Fifty-foot 20 Slate and sand shells 116 Red sand, (Thirty-foot) 15 Slate and shells 55 Sand, white, Thirty-foot. (Gordon Stray) (gas, 2561').. 10 Slate 40 Slate and limy shells to bottom 269 10" casing, 266'; 8^4" casing, 1000'; 6%" casing, 1200'; 5^ ing, 1788'. Feet. 465 515 550 730 980 1015 1055 1205 1295 1516 1719 1787 1900 1934 1959 2009 2109 2134 2169 2210 2300 2345 2355 2375 2491 2506 2561 2571 2611 2880 " cas- The well starts 95 to 100 feet below the Washington coal bed. Mahala Sweeney No. 1 Well Record (73). Located in McClellan District, 1 % miles N. 80° W. of Center- point. Authority, South Penn Oil Company. Completed in 1894. Thickness. Total. (Elevation, 765' B-A. T.) Feet. Feet. Rock 29 29 Red rock 31 60 Slate 29 89 Sand, Gilboy 15 104 Red rock 27 131 Slate 21 152 Limestone (trace of coal, Uniontown) 33 185 Sand 35 220 Unrecorded 88 308 Slate and shells 106 4 14 Coal, (Sewickley) 3 417 Slate 35 452 322 PETROLEUM AND NATURAL GAS. Limestone Coal, Pittsburgh Slate Sand, (Lower Pittsburgh) Slate Sand, (Minshall) Limestone Red rock Limestone Red rock Limestone Slate Limestone Slate Limestone Sand, Dunkard? Mahoning (Burning Springs) Slate Sand Limestone Gas sand (Freeport) Slate Sand, Salt? (II Cow Run) 90' ] Slate 15 | Sand, (Salt) 104 j- Slate and shell 64 | Sand 10 I Limestone Red rock Limestone Slate Limestone Slate, Pencil 1 Limestone, Mountain (Big Lime) Big Injun sand (gas and oil, 1832'; break, 1903'; 1911'; first pay, 1924'; salt water, 1929') Thickness. Total. Feet. Feet. 21 473 4 477 13 490 78 568 32 600 28 628 67 695 24 719 25 744 83 827 48 875 26 901 64 965 15 980 85 1065 84 1149 14 1163 21 1184 16 1200 66 1266 35 1301 283 1584 56 1640 32 1672 39 1711 3 1714 30 1744 4 1748 69 1817 112 1929 The well starts 50 below the Washington coal bed. Three coals are recorded in the well. The interval between the Sewickley and Pittsburgh coals — 56 feet — appears short as compared to the same interval (77 feet) in the J. Hudson diamond drill boring (21) used in connection with the Seda- lia section, page 70. The detailed log of the Samuel Collins No. 3 well (70), located 0.7 mile west of Centerpoint, on the south bank of McElroy creek, is published on pages 281-282 of Vol. 1(A) of the State Survey reports. The well starts 60 feet below the Washington coal; hence, the 3 feet of coal at 168 feet correlates with the Uniontown. After crossing McElroy creek, this Big Injun sand oil WEST VIRGINIA GEOLOGICAL SURVEY. 323 pool swerves more to the west as do also the structure con- tours of the Pittsburgh coal (See map accompanying this report), and at Ashley it has almost doubled its width to the northeast of Centerpoint. The following records are from a well on Riggins run, and another at the mouth of Ralphs run, both producing oil from the Big Injun sand: J. H. Ash No. 1 Well Record (75). Located in McCleLan District, 1 % miles south of Ashley. Author- ity, South Penn Oil Company. Completed in 1895. Thickness. Total. (Elevation, 800' L-A. T.) Feet. Feet. Unrecorded 1100 1100 Sand, Dunkard? (Moundsville) and unrecorded 845 1945 Big Injun sand (oft) 113 2058 Unrecorded 612 2670 Gordon sand 20 2690 Slate 48 2738 Hard sand (Fourth) 3 2741 Slate to bottom 167 2908 The well starts 35 feet, hand-level measurement, below the Washington coal ; hence, the Pittsburgh coal horizon be- longs at 485 feet in the well. Israel Allen No. 1 Well Record (79). Located in McClellan District, 1.1 miles east of Eagle Mills. Au- thority, Jennings Oil Company. Completed June 1, 1897. Thickness. Total. (Elevation, 748' L-A. T.) Feet. Feet. Unrecorded 500 500 Coal, Pittsburgh? (Redstone) and unrecorded 1319 1819 Big Injun sand (first show of black oil, 1837'; good pay, 1847') and unrecorded to bottom 116 1935 6%" casing, 1740'. The well starts flush with the base of the Washington coal ; hence, the coal recorded at 500 feet most likely corre- lates with the Redstone and not the Pittsburgh, since the latter comes 520 to 530 feet below the Washington coal in northern Doddridge. Passing to the west side of the axis of the Burchfield Basin another Big Injun sand oil pool is found extending along the Doddridge-Tyler county line entirely across Me- 324 PETROLEUM AND NATURAL GAS. Clellan district. This pool is merely an extension of the old Stringtown field of Tyler county. The first wells were drilled by Murphy & Jennings in 1895 on the Hardman farm, and for that reason it was known as the Hardman pool. The first well produced at the rate of 500 barrels daily. The five following records are from wells in this field : Silas Langfitt No. 4 Well Record (80). Located in McClellan District, at Eagle Mills. Authority, South Penn Oil Company. Completed September 21, 1893. Thickness. Total. (Elevation, 743' L-A. T.) Feet. Feet. Unrecorded 444 444 Coal, Pittsburgh? (Redstone) and unrecorded 1359 1803 Big Injun sand, (first oil pay 1870'; second oil pay, 1880') and unrecorded 97 1900 10" casing, 473'; 8 1 / 4" casing, 973'; 6%" casing, 1805'. The well starts only 20 to 25 feet below the Washington coal bed ; hence, the coal at 444 feet, identified by the driller as the Pittsburgh bed, must correlate with the Redstone coal, 30 to 50 feet higher in the measures. The same error was made in all these wells in the western portion of Mc- Clellan district, as discussed at length in the chapter on structure, page 52. The first oil pay occurs near the top of the sand, while the second comes 10 to 50 feet lower down. Silas Langfitt No. 7 Well Record (81), Located in McClellan District, % mile west of Eagle Mills. Au- thority, South Penn Oil Company. Completed Dec. 18, 1893. Thickness. Total. (Elevation, 748' B-A. T.) . Feet. Feet. Unrecorded 470 470 Coal, Pittsburgh? (Redstone) and unrecorded 530 1000 Big Dunkard sand 40 1040 Unrecorded 766 1806 Big Injun sand (gas and show of oil, 1868'; oil, 1871') and unrecorded 86 1892 10" casing, 453'; 8*4" casing, 958'; 6%" casing, 1823'. The well starts about 15 feet below the Washington coal. WEST VIRGINIA GEOLOGICAL SURVEY. 325 W. B. Allen No. 7 Well Record (87). Located in McClellan District, one mile northeast of Eagle Mills. Authority, Jennings Oil Company. Completed, August 12, 1896. Thickness. Total. (Elevation, 825' B-A. T.) Feet. Feet. Unrecorded 500 500 Coal, Pittsburgh? (Redstone) and unrecorded 1315 1815 Big Injun sand (first oil and gas, 1890') and unrecorded to bottom 153 1968 6%" casing, 1832'. Benton Allen No. 5 Well Record (82). Located in McClellan District, one mile north 30° east of Eagle Mills. Authority, Jennings Oil Company. Completed Oct. 30, 1895. Thickness. Total. (Elevation, 780' B-A. T.) Feet. Feet. Unrecorded 570 Coal, Pittsburgh, and unrecorded. . 1288 1858 Big Injun sand (first gas and oil, 1938'; good sand, oil pay, 1948'; salt water, 1966') and unrecorded to bottom 1966 6%" casing, 1858'. O. W. O. Hardman No. 25 Well Record (83). Located in McClellan District, one mile and a half north 15° east of Eagle Mills. Authority, Jennings Oil Company. Completed Oct. 4, 1896. Thickness. Total. Feet. Feet. Unrecorded 740 740 Pittsburgh coal and unrecorded 1290 2030 Big Injun sand (small show of oil, 2133'; second pay, 2148'-2153') and unrecorded to bottom 152 2182 10" casing, 40'; 6%" casing, 2000'. The two following records are from Gordon sand oil wells located near the axis of the Burchfield Basin, on the headwaters of Elk Lick run. These wells are an extension to the southwest of the old Stringtown Gordon sand oil pool of Tyler county. The records are so incomplete that it is not possible to determine whether or not the coal identi- fied by the drillers as the Pittsburgh represents that bed or the Redstone. In any event the coal does not appear to be of any economic importance : 326 PETROLEUM AND NATURAL GAS. O. W. O. Hardman No. 54 Well Record (85) Located in McClellan District, 1 % miles south of Stringtown. Authority, Jennings Oil Company. Completed June 13, 1898. Thickness. Total. (Elevation, 1200' B-A. T.) Feet. Feet. Unrecorded 1014 1014 Pittsburgh coal and unrecorded 1290 2304 Big Injun sand 206 2510 Unrecorded 540 3050 Stray sand and unrecorded 20 3070 Gordon sand oil pay 11 3081 Unrecorded to bottom 9 3090 10" casing, 308'; 8 %" easing (pulled), 1480'; 6%" casing, 2418'; 5 T V' casing, 2500'. Lloyd McIntyre No. 1 Well Record (86). Located in McClellan District, 1.5 miles south 30° east of String- town. Authority, Jennings Oil Company. Completed Jan. 8, 1895. Thickness. Total. (Elevation, 985' B-A. T.) Feet. Feet. Unrecorded 742 742 Pittsburgh coal and unrecorded 1290 2032 Big Injun sand 203 2235 Unrecorded 565 2800 Stray sand and unrecorded 30 2830 Gordon sand, oil pay 5 2835 Slate to bottom 7 2843 10" casing, 230'; 8%" casing, 1190'; 6%" casing, 2260'; 5f s " cas- ing, 2309'. Prospective Oil and Gas Territory, McClellan District. — There yet remains quite a large acreage of undrilled territory in McClellan district that appears to be within defined limits or is favorably located for oil and gas. (1) That, westward from the mouth of Ralphs run to Eagle Mills, looks favorable for both Big Injun and Gordon oil; (2) that, on the head waters of Riggins and Little Battle runs, looks good for Big Injun and Gordon gas; and (3) that, 2 miles northeast of Sedalia, northeast from the Eliza J. Webb No. 1 well (35) looks favorable for Gordon sand oil. (4) The territory im- mediately north and northwest from Ashley would justify the drilling of more test wells. WEST VIRGINIA GEOLOGICAL SURVEY. 327 GRANT DISTRICT. Grant district lies southwest from McClellan, and ex- tends in a northwest-southeast direction entirely across Dod- dridge county. Like the latter district, Grant is traversed in a northeast-southwest direction by three pronounced structural folds ; viz., the Burchfield syncline, the Arches Fork anticline, and the Robinson syncline. In this district both the synclinal basins are occupied by large oil fields, and the much widened crest of the anticlinal arch by a great gas field in the Big Injun, Gordon and Fifth sands. A glance at the contours of the Pittsburgh coal bed as exhibited on the economic geology map accompanying this report, will, show that the axis of the latter fold rises in elevation rapidly southwestward through Grant, and has broadened out on top, making a terrace structure three to four miles in width. The latter feature has much increased the available area of gas territory in the district. The oil and gas pools therein will now be discussed from northwest to southeast. The Big Injun sand oil pool of the Eagle Mills region of McClellan district extends southwestward along the axis of the Burchfield Basin almost entirely across Grant. The rapid rise of the axis of this basin to the southwest from Flint run has no doubt been instrumental in terminating de- velopment in this direction before reaching the Grant-West Union district line. The six following records from about 100 oil wells in this portion of Grant fail to record any water in the Big Injun sand. This absence of water no doubt ac- counts in a large measure for the exceptional presence of an oil pool at this horizon in a synclinal basin, as this sand gen- erally contains a large amount of salt water which, owing to its greater specific gravity, forces the oil up out of the troughs along the adjacent slopes of the synclinal fold: 328 PETROLEUM AND NATURAL GAS. Chas. Stewart No. 7 Well Record (88) Located in Grant District, 1 mile southwest of Eagle Mills. Au- thority, South Penn Oil Company. Completed Dec. 23, 1895. Thickness. Total. (Elevation, 748' L-A. T.) Feet. Feet. Unrecorded 415 415 Coal, Pittsburgh? (Redstone), and unrecorded 1381 1796 Big Injun sand and unrecorded (oil pay, 1803') 79 1875 10" casing, 315'; 8*4" casing, 950'; 6%" casing, 950'; 5 T y' cas- ing, 1804'. The well starts 24 feet by hand-level below the Wash- ington coal bed ; hence, the coal at 415 feet identified by the driller as the Pittsburgh, must correlate with the Redstone bed. John D. McReynolds No. 4 Well Record (91). Located in Grant District, one mile northeast of Canton. Au- thority, South Penn Oil Company. Completed Oct. 11, 1893. Thickness. Total. (Elevation, 760' B-A. T.) Feet. Feet. Unrecorded 429 429 Coal, Pittsburgh? (Redstone) and unrecorded 1377 1806 Big Injun sand (light gas, 1815'; oil show, 1821') 99 1905 Slate and shells 55 1960 Unrecorded 559 2519 Sand, Gordon? (oil show, 2529') (Gordon Stray) 15 2534 Unrecorded to bottom 47 2581 10" casing, 535'; 8*4" casing, 957'; 5%" casing, 1741'. The well starts 40 feet by aneroid below the Washing- ton coal ; hence, the coal at 429 feet correlates with the Red- stone and not the Pittsburgh. A show of oil has been en- countered in the Gordon Stray, and not the Gordon as identi- fied by the driller. In this region the latter sand comes 750 to 800 feet below the top of the Big Injun sand, as exhibited by the wells (84, 85 and 86) three miles to the northeast. As additional evidence that the oil show occurs in the Gordon Stray, and that the coal at 429 feet represents the Redstone bed, the reader is referred to the detailed record of the J. D. McReynolds No. 1 well (89) one-half mile to the northwest, published in connection with the section for Canton, page 75. WEST VIRGINIA GEOLOGICAL SURVEY. 329 Silas Ash No. 2 Well Record (93). Located in Grant District, at Canton. Authority, South Penn Oil Company. Completed July 20, 1893. Thickness. Total. (Elevation, 805' L-A. T.) Feet. Feet. Unrecorded 495 495 Pittsburgh coal and unrecorded 1365 1850 Big Injun sand (pay, 1930') and unrecorded to bottom.. 107 1957 10" casing, 330'; Z 1 /^' casing, 1025'; 6%" casing, 1815'. Shot Jan. 19, 1895, 12 quarts. Top of shot, 1927'. Shot Oct. 15, 1901, 30 quarts. Top of shot, 1928'. Shot Oct. 28 1904, 40 quarts. Top of shot, 1928'. Shot Dec. 22, 1906, 60 quarts. Top of shot, 1930'. The well starts 10 feet by hand-level below the Wash- ington coal bed; hence, the driller correctly identified the coal at 495 feet. The Washington-Pittsburgh coal interval is much more reliable in correlating the coals of the Monon- gahela series, than the Pittsburgh coal-Big Injun sand in- terval. Henry Knight No. 1 Well Record (95). Located in Grant District, % mile west of Canton. Authority, South Penn Oil Company. Completed Dec. 16, 1893. Thickness. Total. (Elevation, 865' B-A. T.) Feet. Feet. Unrecorded 556 556 Pittsburgh coal and unrecorded 594 1150 Dunkard sand and unrecorded 742 1902 Big Injun sand and unrecorded (gas and oil show, 1977'; oil, 1990') Ill 2013 10" casing, 358'; 8%" casing, 1100'; 6%" casing, 1878'. Charles Doak No. 1 Well Record (96). Located in Grant District, 1 mile west of Canton. Authority, South Penn Oil Company. Completed Sept. 13, 1894. Thickness. Total. (Elevation, 940' B-A. T.) Feet. Feet. Unrecorded 628 628 Pittsburgh coal and unrecorded 1340 1968 Big Injun sand and unrecorded (gas, 2050'; oil, 2061').. 112 2080 10" casing, 251'; 8^" casing, 1020'; 6%" casing, 1244'; 5&" cas- ing, 1980'. 330 PETROLEUM AND NATURAL GAS. Jacob Underwood No. 11 Well Record (97). Located in Grant District, 1.5 miles southwest of Eagle Mills. Authority, South Penn Oil Company. Completed Aug. 30, 1898. Thickness. Total. (Elevation, 1280' B-A. T.) Feet. Feet. Unrecorded 950 950 Pittsburgh coal and unrecorded 1340 2290 Big Injun sand (oil pay, 2374') and unrecorded 119 2409 10" casing, 200'; 8*4" casing, 1419'; 6%" casing, 2238'. Shot Sept. 1, 1898, 30 quarts. Top of shot, 2372'. Shot Dec., 1899, 30 quarts. Top of shot, 2372'. Shot Feb. 22 1905, 40 quarts. Top of shot, 2374'. Along the extreme northwest border of Grant district, 1.5 miles northwest from Canton, there occurs a small oil pool »n the Maxton sand on the Costilow farm. The W. A. Costilow No. 1 well (98) therein had an initial production of 25 barrels daily. The writer w T as not able to obtain the rec- ords of any wells in this pool. One mile southwest of this Maxton oil pool there occurs a gas well in the Big Injun sand on the Wm. Sandy farm, the summarized record of which is published under No. 160 in the table of wells for Tyler county, pages 482-483 of the Marshall-Wetzel-Tyler Report of the State Survey. The great gas field of Grant district extends southeast from Canton to Numan near the head of Buckeye run on the high structural levels of the Arches Fork anticline. The John McReynolds No. 1 well (92), located near the Grant-Mc- Clellan district line, 1.8 miles northeast from Alpha, and drilled about 20 years ago, was probably the first well in the district. It was an enormous gasser from probably the Big Injun sand, but at that time a gas well was considered the same as a dry hole. The casing was pulled and the well abandoned and since that time it burned in the open air until 1909, excavating an immense hole in the ground. The following is an interesting record of a well located 1.3 miles southwestward, in that the minute and rock pres- sure is given of what is possibly the gas pay in the Big Injun sand, since it is quite probable that a test of the Fifth sand gas would show a higher rock pressure : WEST VIRGINIA GEOLOGICAL SURVEY. 331 Emma Hoskinson No. 2079 Well Record (102A). Located in Grant District, % mile north of Alpha. Authority, Philadelphia Company. Completed May 24, 1911. Thickness. Total. Feet. Feet. Unrecorded 320 Coal, native, (Uniontown) 3 323 Unrecorded 252 575 Coal, Pittsburgh? (Redstone) 5 580 Unrecorded 302 882 Sand, Little Dunkard? (Grafton) 38 920 Unrecorded 65 985 Sand, Big Dunkard? 20 1005 Salt sand 1 Maxton sand [-Shells; no Big Lime 1067 2072 Big Lime J Big Injun sand (gas, 2191') 183 2255 Unrecorded 3 2258 Squaw sand 65 2323 Unrecorded 157 2480 Sand, Fifty-foot? (Berea) 40 2520 Unrecorded 20 2540 Sand, Thirty-foot? (Gantz) 60 2600 Unrecorded 300 2900 Fifth sand (gas, 2908') 12 2912 Unrecorded to bottom 4 2916 10" casing, 388'; 8*4" casing, 1277'; 6%" casing, 2072'. Pressure in 6%" casing: 1st y 2 minute, 10 lbs. 10th minute, 175 lbs. 1st minute, 25 lbs. 15th minute, 230 lbs. 2nd minute, 45 lbs. 30th minute, 295 lbs. 5th minute, 100 lbs. Rock pressure, 12 hours, 375 lbs. The following are Big Injun sand gassers, and their summarized records are given in the table of wells for Dod- dridge county: Samuel B. McMillan No. 1 (102), located one-fourth mile north of Alpha ; M. A. McMillan No. 1 (103), located 0.6 mile due east of Alpha; and C. I. McMil- lan No. 1 (104), located 1.3 miles southeast of Alpha. The three following records are from wells located on a northwest nose of the Arches Fork anticline, on the waters of Israel fork : 332 PETROLEUM AND NATURAL GAS. S. B. McMillan No. 1 Well Record (105) Located in Grant District, one-half mile southeast of Alpha. Au- thority, Carter Oil Company. Completed Feb. 28, 1898. Thickness. Total. (Elevation, 815' B-A. T.) Feet. Feet. Unrecorded 370 370 Coal, Pittsburgh? (Redstone) 6 376 Unrecorded 524 900 Sand, Cow Run, (Big Dunkard) 20 920 Unrecorded 5 925 Sand, Salt? (Burning Springs and “Gas”) 250 1175 Unrecorded 495 1670 Big Lime 90 1760 Keener sand 5 1765 Big Injun sand (strong gas, 1790') 95 1860 The well starts about 100 feet below the Washington coal ; hence, the coal at 370 feet represents the Redstone. The great sand mass at 925 feet all belongs in the Allegheny series, and not the Pottsville. The driller has evidently failed to record the parting shales and slates, since no such thick- ness of continuous sandstone was observed in the logs of surrounding wells. Martin V. Underwood No. 2 Well Record (106). Located in Grant District, 1 % miles southwest of Alpha. Author- ity, J. E. Trainer. Completed Nov. 15, 1909. Thickness. Total. (Elevation, 1130' B-A. T.) Feet. Feet. Unrecorded (water, 70') 210 210 Native coal, (Waynesburg “A”) 2 212 Unrecorded 478 690 Pittsburgh coal 3 693 Unrecorded 437 1130 Sand, LitLe Dunkard (I Cow Run) 20 1150 Unrecorded 80 1230 Big Dunkard sand 30 1260 Unrecorded 65 1325 Gas sand 35 1360 Unrecorded 21 1381 Sand, Salt? (Clarion) 64 1445 Unrecorded 75 1520 Sand, Salt? (II Cow Run) 60 1580 Unrecorded 45 1625 Salt sand (water, 1630'; 2 bailers per hour) 50 1675 Unrecorded 120 1795 Sand, (Salt) 60 1855 Unrecorded 35 1890 Maxton sand 60 1950 WEST VIRGINIA GEOLOGICAL SURVEY. 333 Little lime 20 1970 Pencil cave 15 1985 Blue Monday 36 2021 Big Lime 46 2067 Big Injun sand (some gas at 2089' and 2157') 123 2190 Unrecorded 16 2206 Squaw sand 19 2225 Unrecorded 115 234U Sand, Gantz? (Berea) 110 2450 Unrecorded 125 2575 Fifty-foot sand 35 2610 Unrecorded 65 2675 Thirty-foot sand 25 2700 Unrecorded 84 2784 Stray sand (gas, 2792') 10 2794 Unrecorded 19 2813 Gordon sand (gas, 2815') 9 2822 Unrecorded to bottom 18 2840 10" casing, 255'; 8*4" casing, 1381'; 6%" casing, 2021'. Chas. Shrader No. 1 Well Record (107). Located in Grant District, 1.1 miles east of Knight. Authority, Carter Oil Company. Completed Nov. 8, 1909. Thickness. Total. (Elevation, 1110' B-A. T.) Feet. Feet. Unrecorded 600 600 Coal, Pittsburgh? (Redstone) 4 604 Unrecorded 236 840 Cave 85 925 Sand, Cow Run? (Grafton) 25 950 Cave 130 1080 Sand, Cow Run (I Cow Run) 15 1095 Unrecorded 215 1310 Sand, Salt? (“Gas”) 55 1365 Unrecorded 5 1370 Sand, Salt? (II Cow Run) 70 1440 Unrecorded 20 1460 Salt sand (water) 40 1500 Unrecorded 305 1805 Maxton sand (gas, 1855'; oil, 1855'-1860') 90 1895 Unrecorded 35 1930 Cave 15 1945 Big Lime 75 2020 Big Injun sand (gas, 2045'-2046') 75 2095 Unrecorded 225 2320 Squaw sand 80 2400 Unrecorded 50 2450 Berea sand 2 2452 Unrecorded 250 2702 Gordon Stray 8 2710 Unrecorded 9 2719 Gordon sand (gas, 2725'-2727') 8 2727 10" casing, 310'; 8^4" casing, 1190'; 6%" casing, 1954'. 334 PETROLEUM AND NATURAL GAS. Gas was encountered at three horizons; viz., Maxton, Big Injun, and Gordon. A small oil showing was struck near the middle of the Maxton. The two following records are from wells located on the main branch of Flint, southeast from Israel fork: M. A. McMillan No. 2 Well Record (103). Located in Grant District, v.Y mile east of Alpha. Authority, J. E. Trainer. Completed in June, 1910. Thickness. Total. (Elevation, 860' B-A. T.) Feet. Feet. Unrecorded 387 387 Coal, Pittsburgh? (Sewickley) 3 390 Unrecorded 550 940 Big Dunkard sand 18 958 Unrecorded 62 1020 Sand, “Gas”? (Burning Springs) 98 1I18 Unrecorded 47 1165 Sand, Salt? (“Gas”) 35 1200 Unrecorded 30 1230 Sand, Salt (II Cow Run and Salt) 255 1485 Unrecorded 65 1550 Salt sand (gas show, 1570') 40 1590 Unrecorded 45 1635 Maxton sand 20 1655 Unrecorded 30 1685 Little iime 18 1703 Pencil cave 12 1715 Sand, Blue Monday 52 1767 Big Lime 53 1820 Big Injun sand (gas, 1883' and 1893') 130 1950 Unrecorded to bottom 50 2000 10" casing, 285'; 8 %" casing, 1056'; 6%" casing, 1750'. The well starts 60 feet below the Washington coal bed. The top of the Big Lime has become very hard and sandy, and for that reason has been designated the Blue Monday. C. I. McMillan No. 1 Well Record (104). Located in Grant District, 1.5 miles northwest of Flint. Authority, J. E. Trainer. Completed in 1910. Thickness. Total. (Elevation, 845' A. T.) Feet. Feet. Unrecorded (water, 30') 120 120 Native coal, (Uniontown) and unrecorded 242 362 Coal, Pittsburgh? (Sewickley) 5 367 Unrecorded 413 780 Sand, LitCe Dunkard 126 906 WEST VIRGINIA GEOLOGICAL SURVEY. 335 Thickness. Total. Feet. Feet. Unrecorded 74 980 Sand, ‘‘Gas”? (Big Dunkard and Burning Springs) 135 1115 Unrecorded 5 1120 Coal, (Upper Kittanning) 2 1122 Unrecorded 13 1135 Sand, Salt? (‘‘Gas” and Clarion) 125 1260 Unrecorded 15 1275 Sand, Salt? (II Cow Run and Salt) 105 1380 Unrecorded 35 1415 Salt sand 37 1452 Unrecorded 58 1510 Maxton sand 100 1610 Unrecorded 30 1640 Little lime 20 1660 Pencil cave 15 1675 Unrecorded 25 1700 Blue Monday 19 1719 Big Lime 74 1793 Big Injun sand (gas, 1805' and 1878') 90 1883 Unrecorded 2 1885 Squaw sand and unrecorded to bottom 12 1897 10" casing. 255'; 8^4" casing, 876'; 6%" casing, 1725'. The well starts 100 feet below the Washington coal. The four following records are from wells located on East and Howell runs of Flint run, a short distance west of the axis of the Arches Fork anticline. In these wells the main gas horizon is the Big Injun sand, although Nos. 113 and 114 report a gas pay in the Maxton : Mary V. Snider No. 1462 Well Record (111). Located in Grant District, 1.5 miles northeast of Flint. Authority, Hope Natural Gas Company. Completed in 1910. Thickness. Total. (Elevation, 1305' B-A. T.) Feet. Fee^ Unrecorded 365 365 Coal, native (Washington) 2 367 Unrecorded 519 886 Coal, Pittsburgh 6 892 Unrecorded 439 1331 Sand, Little Dunkard (I Cow Run) 20 1351 Unrecorded 74 1425 Big Dunkard sand 25 1450 Unrecorded 100 1550 Gas sand 40 1590 Unrecorded 170 1760 First Salt sand 45 1805 Unrecorded 10 1815 Second Salt sand 145 1960 Unrecorded « 120 2080 336 PETROLEUM AND NATURAL GAS. Thickness. Total. Feet. Feet. Maxton sand 30 2110 Unrecorded 35 2145 Little lime 15 2160 Pencil cave 6 2160 Big lime 54 2220 Big Injun sand (gas, 2294') Ill 2331 Unrecorded , 29 2360 Squaw sand 80 2440 Unrecorded 115 2555 Sand, Gantz? (Berea) 5 2560 Unrecorded 170 2730 Fifty-foot sand 30 2760 Unrecorded 120 2880 Thirty-foot sand 20 2900 Unrecorded 10 2910 Gordon Stray sand 15 2925 Unrecorded 15 2940 Gordon sand 20 2960 Unrecorded 40 3000 Fourth sand 5 3005 Unrecorded > 145 3150 Fifth sand 18 3168 Unrecorded to bottom 232 3400 The log fails to report whether or not any gas was en- countered in the deep sands below the Big Injun. The Gor- don and Gordon Stray are usually productive along the crest of this fold to the northeast in McClellan district. An ac- curate measurement is given for the Washington-Pittsburgh coal interval — 519 feet — for northern Doddridge, justifying the writer’s assumption of 520 feet for the same in making the structure map for this portion of Doddridge county. L. O. Kester No. 1 Well Record (112A). Located in Grant District, % mile northeast of Flint. Authority, Pennsylvania Oil & Gas Company. Thickness. Total. (Elevation, 895' B-A. T.) Feet. Feet. Unrecorded 462 462 Pittsburgh coal 5 467 Unrecorded 383 850 Sand, Little Dunkard? (Moundsville) 20 870 Unrecorded 115 985 Big Dunkard sand 61 1046 Unrecorded 64 1110 Gas sand 30 1140 Unrecorded 10 1150 Sand, (Clarion) 40 1190 WEST VIRGINIA GEOLOGICAL SURVEY. 337 Thickness. Total. Feet. Feet. Unrecorded 10 1200 Sand, Salt (II Cow Run) 40 1240 Unrecorded 66 1306 Salt sand 82 1388 Unrecorded 12 1400 Salt sand 140 1540 Unrecorded 75 1615 Maxton sand 25 1640 Unrecorded 44 1684 Little lime 16 1700 Unrecorded *. 41 1741 Pencil cave 5 1746 Big Lime 56 1802 Big Injun sand (gas, 1819') 106 1908 Unrecorded to bottom 2 1910 10" casing, 218'; 8" casing, 1550'; 6%" casing, 1800'; 2" tubing, 1910'. “Well made 3,000,000 cubic feet of gas daily from Big Injun sand on an open flow test in June, 1911.” The well starts 60 feet below the Washington coal. Its rock pressure on August 5, 1911, was 345 pounds per square inch. H. T. Powell No. 1467 Well Record (113). Located in Grant District, % mile southwest of Flint. Authority, Hope Natural Gas Company. Completed in 1910. (Elevation, 1000' B-A. T.) Thickness. Total. Steel line measurement. Feet. Feet. Unrecorded 234 234 CoaJ, native (Uniontown) 17 251 Unrecorded 278 529 Coal, Pittsburgh 3 532 Unrecorded 358 890 Sand, Little Dunkard (Moundsville) 30 920 Unrecorded 60 980 Sand Big Dunkard? (I Cow Run) 12 992 Unrecorded 208 1200 Gas sand 80 1280 Unrecorded 10 1290 Sand, Salt? (II Cow Run), (water, 1310'; 14 bailers per hour) 20 1310 Unrecorded 130 1440 Salt sand 110 1550 Unrecorded 120 1670 Maxton sand (gas, 1693') 65 1735 Unrecorded 10 1745 Little lime 70 1815 Big lime 87 1902 Big Injun sand (gas and oil, 1908') 85 1987 Unrecorded 4 1991 338 PETROLEUM AND NATURAL GAS. Thickness. Total. Feet. Feet. Squaw sand 44 2035 Unrecorded to bottom 20 2055 10" casing, 337'; 8 casing, 781'; 6%" casing, 1108'; 5^" cas- ing, 1845'. Well starts flush with Washington coal bed. The Powell & Williams No. 1 Well (113A), located on Howell run, 1.3 miles southwest from Flint, is probably the largest Big Injun gasser in the district. This well was com- pleted by the Pennsylvania Oil & Gas Company on March 19, 1911, which reports the initial rock pressure at 765 pounds to the square inch, and the volume, 15 to 18 million cubic feet daily in June, 1911. A test on August 5, 1911, gave a rock pressure of 720 pounds. The gas flow was en- countered at a depth of 2054 feet. The T. W. Powell No. 2012 well of the Hope Natural Gas Company, located on the east hill side of Howell run, sprays much oil with its gas from the Big Injun, that is caught in a drip pan and forced back up hill to an oil tank. The well is located, however, too near the crest of the Arches Fork anticline to expect a large oil pool. Southwestward up Flint run from Flint P. O., there oc- curs some prolific gas territory. The four following records are from wells in this region. B. D. Helmick No. 1476 Well Record (114). \ Located in Grant District, % mile southeast of Flint. Authority, Hope Natural Gas Company. Completed April 26, 1910. Thickness. Total. Feet. Feet. Unrecorded 538 538 Coal, Pittsburgh 16 554 Unrecorded 386 940 Little Dunkard sand 45 985 Unrecorded 50 1035 Big Dunkard sand 35 1070 Unrecorded 115 1185 Gas sand 47 1232 Unrecorded 42 1274 Gas sand 21 1295 Unrecorded 10 1305 Sand, Salt? (II Cow Run) (water at 1305') 40 1345 Unrecorded ..> 77 1422 WEST VIRGINIA GEOLOGICAL SURVEY. 339 Thickness. Total. Feet. Feet. Salt sand 33 1455 Unrecorded 215 1670 Maxton sand (gas at 1698') 46 1716 Unrecorded 68 1784 Little lime 21 1805 Pencil cave 10 1815 Big Lime 65 1880 Sand, Big Injun 138 2018 Unrecorded 3 2021 Sand, Squaw and unrecorded (gas, 2030') 14 2035 “Volume 38-10 mercury through 6%" casing.” The volume test is equivalent to a daily production of 16,750,000 cubic feet, showing this well to be an enormous gasser. It is only one-half mile west of the axis of Arches Fork anticline. The well starts flush with the Washington coal. M. J. Carr No. 1 Well Record (115). Located in Grant District, % mile west of Doak P. O. Authority, Hope Natural Gas Company. Tubed and shut in March 18, 1901. (Elevation, 866' L-A. T.) Unrecorded 380 Pittsburgh coal and unrecorded Big Dunkard sand Unrecorded Salt sand Unrecorded Big Lime Big Injun sand, (gas show, 1730'; strong gas, 1850') Unrecorded Fifty-foot sand Unrecorded 129 Sand, (Gordon Stray) Slate 28 Lime Lime and shells % Sand, (Fourth) Lime Slate Lime and shells 55 Slate 20 Lime and shells Slate 42 Lime 28 Slate to bottom ickness. Total. Feet. Feet. . 380 380 . 500 880 . 45 925 . 505 1430 . 60 1490 . 170 1660 . 60 1720 . 140 1860 . 420 2280 . 20 2300 . 129 2429 7 2436 . 28 2464 2474 . 46 2520 5 2525 5 2530 5 2535 . 55 2590 . 20 2610 . 50 2660 . 42 2702 . 28 2730 5 2735 340 PETROLEUM AND NATURAL GAS. Susan Sadler No. 1 Well Record (117). Located in Grant District, 1.2 miles north of Numan. Authority! Wheeling Natural Gas Company. Completed Oct. 22, 1909. Thickness. Total. (Elevation, 980' B-A. T.) Feet. Feet. Unrecorded (water, 70') 190 190 Native coal, (Waynesburg “A”) 3 193 Unrecorded 467 660 Coal, Pittsburgh 7 667 Unrecorded 433 1100 Little Dunkard sand 35 1135 Unrecorded 65 1200 Big Dunkard sand 30 1230 Unrecorded 105 1335 Sand, Salt? (“Gas”) 40 1375 Unrecorded 165 1540 Salt sand 100 1640 Unrecorded 150 1790 Maxton sand 80 1870 Unrecorded 40 1910 Little lime 25 1935 Pencil cave 10 1945 Big Lime 45 1990 Big Injun sand (gas, 2007') 135 2125 Unrecorded 115 2240 Sand, Gantz? (Berea) 120 2360 Unrecorded 115 2475 Berea Grit? (Gantz) 25 2500 Unrecorded 180 2680 Gordon Stray sand 15 2695 Unrecorded 45 2740 Gordon sand (gas, 2747') 20 2760 Unrecorded to bottom 34 2794 10" casing, 124'; 8*4" casing, 1200'; 6%" casing, 1975'; 2" tubing to bottom. About 1,000,000 cubic feet of gas daily. C. G. Davis No. 1 Well Record (116). Located in Grant District, one mile south 80° east of Doak. Au- thority, Wheeling Natural Gas Company. Thickness. Total. Feet. Feet. Conductor 15 15 Unrecorded 25 40 Quick sand 8 48 Unrecorded 517 565 Pittsburgh coal 7 572 Unrecorded 20 592 Sand, Hurry Up? (Lower Pittsburgh) 45 637 Unrecorded 248 885 Red rock, (Pittsburgh) 25 910 Unrecorded 96 1006 Little Dunkard sand 20 1026 WEST VIRGINIA GEOLOGICAL SURVEY. 341 Unrecorded Big Dunkard sand Unrecorded Sand, “Gas” (II Cow Run and Salt) 1458') Unrecorded Sand, Salt, and (Maxton) Little lime Unrecorded Big Lime Big Injun sand Squaw sand Unrecorded Fifty-foot sand Thirty-foot sand Slate, lime and shells Stray sand Unrecorded Shells of sand Unrecorded Gordon sand (gas, 2650') Slate, lime and shells to bottom Thickness. Total. Feet. Feet. 84 1110 40 1150 231 1381 (small gas show, 194 1575 3 1578 222 1800 20 1820 31 1851 49 1900 140 2040 15 2055 400 2455 35 2490 15 2505 83 2588 17 2605 29 2634 6 2640 8 2648 7 2655 37 2692 Northwest from Long Run in Grant district there oc- curs a fine Big Injun sand gas pool on the waters of Buck- eye and Long runs. The four following records are from wells in this field : R. M. Orr No. 1 Well Record (119). Located in Grant District, 2^4 miles northeast of Morgansville. Authority, R. M. Orr. Thickness. Total. (Elevation, 1220' B-A. T.) Feet. Feet. Unrecorded 190 190 Coal, native (Washington) 5 195 Unrecorded 520 715 Pittsburgh coal 7 722 Unrecorded 368 1090 Sand, Little Dunkard? (Moundsville) 30 1120 Unrecorded 75 1195 Big Dunkard sand 15 1210 Unrecorded 165 1375 Gas sand 31 1406 Unrecorded 59 1465 Sand, Salt? (II Cow Run) 45 1510 Unrecorded 70 1580 Salt sand (water, 1615') 90 1670 Unrecorded 50 1720 Salt sand 130 1850 Unrecorded 50 1900 342 PETROLEUM AND NATURAL GAS. Thickness. Total. Feet. Feet. Maxtor! sand (oil) 30 1930 Unrecorded 45 1975 Little lime 20 1995 Pencil cave 5 2000 Big Lime 70 2070 Big Injun sand (gas, 2090') to bottom 80 2150 “Production, 500,000 to 1,000,000 cubic feet daily from Big Injun.” The record shows oil in the Maxton sand. The oil was not saved. Tate Bros. No. 1 Well Record (120). Located in Grant District, 1.5 miles northwest of Long Run. Au- thority, Wheeling Natural Gas Company. Completed Sept. 18, 1909. Thickness. Total. (Elevation, 915' B-A. T.) Feet. Feet. Unrecorded 90 90 Native coal, (Uniontown) 3 93 Unrecorded . . ... 279 372 Pittsburgh coal 8 380 Unrecorded 420 800 Little Dunkard sand 12 812 Unrecorded 68 880 Big Dunkard sand 40 920 Unrecorded 88 1008 Gas sand 51 1059 Unrecorded 141 1200 Salt sand 355 1555 Unrecorded 63 1618 Maxton sand. 17 1635 Unrecorded 37 1672 Little lime 15 1687 Pencil cave ... 4 1691 Big Lime 39 1730 Unrecorded 3 1733 Big Injun sand 105 1838 Unrecorded _ 2 1840 Squaw sand 20 1860 Unrecorded 166 2026 Sand, Gantz, (Berea) 20 2046 Unrecorded 366 2412 Sand, Gordon. (Gordon Stray) 18 2430 Lime and shells 263 2693 Bayard sand (oil show, 2695') 10 2703 Slate, lime and shells to bottom (dry) 422 3125 10" casing, 154'; 8^4" casing, 1241'; 6%" casing, 1695'. A showing of oil is reported in what appears to be the Bayard or Sixth sand at 2323 feet below the top of the Pitts- burgh coal. WEST VIRGINIA GEOLOGICAL SURVEY. 343 H. Orrowhood Well Record (121). Located in Grant District, % mile northeast of Sherwood. Au- thority, Wheeling Natural Gas Company. Thickness. Total. (Elevation, 860' B-A. T.) Feet. Feet. Unrecorded 46 46 Native coal, (Uniontown) 2 48 Unrecorded 275 323 Coal, Pittsburgh 6 329 Unrecorded 296 625 Sand, Little Dunkard? (Grafton) 15 640 Unrecorded 200 840 Big Dunkard sand 40 880 Unrecorded 70 950 Gas sand 60 1010 Unrecorded 90 1100 Sand, Salt? (II Cow Run and Salt) 355 1455 Unrecorded 117 1572 Maxton sand 10 1582 Unrecorded 13 1595 Little lime 25 1620 Pencil cave 5 1625 Big Lime 68 1693 Big Injun sand (very small show of gas, 1703') 110 1803 Unrecorded 4 1807 Squaw sand 10 1817 Unrecorded to bottom 73 1890 Silas Cain No. 1 Well Record (122). Located in Grant District, at Snow. Authority, Carter Oil Com- pany. Completed Jan. 26, 1901. Thickness. Total. (Elevation, 865' L-A. T.) Feet. Feet. Unrecorded 675 675 Cave 60 735 Unrecorded 165 900 Sand (I Cow Run) 40 940 Unrecorded 260 1200 Sand, Salt? (II Cow Run and Salt) 200 1400 Unrecorded 230 1630 Big Lime 65 1695 Big Injun sand (gas, 1780') 103 1798 Unrecorded to bottom 681 2479 10" casing, 280'; 8 14 " casing, 952'; 6 1 / 4" casing, 1651'. Rock pressure, 275 lbs. 344 PETROLEUM AND NATURAL GAS. John Whalen No. 2 Well Record (123). Located in Grant District, % mile north of Long Run Station. Authority, W. W. Dunham, Parkersburg, W. Va. Completed June, 1910. Thickness. Total. (Elevation, 1160' B-A. T.) Feet. Feet. Surface and gravel 10 10 Lime 10 20 Red rock 30 50 White slate 25 75 Lime 10 "85 Red rock 40 125 Lime 10 135 White slate 25 160 Red rock 55 215 Lime 5 220 Coal, (Washington) 2 222 White slate 28 250 Red rock 25 275 Sand 25 300 Red rock 50 350 White slate 50 400 Sand, (Gilboy) 20 420 White slate 30 450 Lime 10 460 Coal, Uniontown 6 466 White slate 34 500 Lime 40 540 White slate 30 570 Lime 30 600 Shale 50 650 Sand, (Lower Sewickley) 25 675 White slate 75 , 750 Lime 5 755 Coal, Pittsburgh 9 764 White slate 36 800 Sand 40 840 White slate 60 900 Lime 20 920 Sand 20 940 White slate 60 1100 Lime 40 1140 Sand, (Saltsburg) 40 1180 White slate 65 1245 B'ack shale 40 1285 Sand, (Big Dunkard) 75 1360 White slate 60 1420 Black shale 30 1450 Gas sand 55 1505 B ack shale 75 1580 Sand, (II Cow Run) 55 1635 Black shale 30 1665 Sand (Salt) 60 1725 Slate 50 1775 Sand, (Salt) 125 1900 WEST VIRGINIA GEOLOGICAL SURVEY. 345 Feet. Feet. Thickness. Total. Black shale ... 100 2000 Sand, (Maxton) . . . 20 2020 Red rock .. . 15 2035 White slate .. . 15 2050 Big Lime 2150 Sandy lime • • ) { .. . 30 2180 Sand, gas, (Big Injun).. ^ Big Injun ... . l ••• . . 35 2215 Black lime 2230 Slate to bottom . . . 12 2242 A dry hole was drilled on the north side ot the railroad at Long Run. The detailed log of the J. D. Crabtree No. 1 well, located on the south side of the railroad, 0.8 mile north- west of Long Run, is published in connection with the section for the latter place, page 77. The log fails to report either oil or gas. The three following records are from wells in the Sher- wood and Morgansville gas field : W. A. Stutler No. 1 Well Record (128). Located in Grant District, at Sherwood Station. Authority, Castle Brook Carbon Black Company. Thickness. Total. (Elevation, 849' L-A. T.) Feet. Feet. Conductor : 16 16 Unrecorded (water, 17' and 80') 254 270 Coal, Pittsburgh, and unrecorded 630 900 Sand, “Gas”? (Burning Springs) 75 975 Unrecorded 10 985 Sand, Salt?- (“Gas”) 115 1100 Unrecorded 8 1108 Sand, Salt? (II Cow Run and Salt) 116 1224 Slate 76 1300 Salt sand 15 1315 Unrecorded 55 1370 Sand, (Third Salt) (gas, 1375 ) 30 1400 Unrecorded 65 1465 Sand, Maxton? 15 1480 Unrecorded 70 1550 Little lime 26 1576 Pencil cave 7 1583 Sand, Blue Monday (Maxton), (steel line measurement). 20 1603 Big Lime 56 1659 Big Injun sand (gas, 1609'; 1685') 30 1689 Break of shell 5 1694 Sand and unrecorded to bottom 74 1768 10" casing, 200'; 8^" casing, 800'. 346 PETROLEUM AND NATURAL GAS. The well starts 6 feet below the Uniontown coal ; hence, it may be that the coal at 270 feet represents the Redstone and not the Pittsburgh as given by the driller, since the Union- town-Pittsburgh coal interval in feet. this region is close to 300 Gordon Rush No. 1 Well Record (129A). Located in Grant District, y 2 mile thority, Acme Carbon Company. southeast of Morgansville. Au- Thickness. Total. Feet. Feet. Unrecorded 240 240 Coal, Pittsburgh 6 246 Unrecorded 494 740 Big Dunkard sand 30 770 Unrecorded 100 870 Gas sand 930 Unrecorded 15 945 Sand, Salt? (Clarion) 25 970 Unrecorded 50 1020 Sand, Salt (II Cow Run and Salt) 180 1200 Unrecorded 120 1320 Salt sand 40 1360 Unrecorded 75 1435 Maxton sand 1445 Unrecorded . . 10 1455 Red rock. 1465 Lime .*■ 8 1473 Unrecorded 37 1510 Little lime 14 1524 Unrecorded 4 1528 Pencil cave 7 1535 Blue Monday sand 1568 Big Lime 56 1624 Big Injun (gas) to bottom of hole, (not drilled through sand) 1640 10" casing, 196'; 8 *4" casing, 846'; 6%" casing, 1560'. Lewis Maxwell No. 2 Well Record (129). Located in Grant District, at Sherwood Station. Authority, Cas- tle Brook Carbon Black Company. Thickness. Total. (Elevation, 815' B-A. T.) Feet. Feet. Conductor 15 15 Unrecorded 397 412 Coal, Elk Lick 5 417 Unrecorded 191 608 Sand, (gas) (I Cow Run) 7 615 Unrecorded (water, 620') 275 890 Coal, (Upper Kittanning) 5 895 WEST VIRGINIA GEOLOGICAL SURVEY. 347 Feet. Feet. Thickness. Total. Unrecorded 295 1180 Sand, Maxton? (Salt) and unrecorded 272 1452 Big Lime 94 1546 Big Injun sand (gas, 1556') 74 1620 Unrecorded 150 1770 Hard sand (Squaw) 25 1795 Unrecorded 390 2185 Gordon sand to bottom 8 2193 10" casing, 220'; 8*4" casing, 690'; 6%" casing, 1461'. Well starts 77 feet by hand-level below the Uniontown coal, according to Mr. Reger. The gas wells are quite numerous between Sherwood and Smithton, and northeastward up Morgans run along the axis of the Arches Fork anticline. The Big Injun and Gordon sands are the main gas bearing horizons in this region. Passing to the southeastern portion of Grant district, the Gordon sand oil pool of McClellan is found extending southwestward on the head of Buckeye and Long runs along the Robinson synclinal basin. Within the boundaries of Grant there are 55 to 60 wells in the pool. The five following rec- ords are from wells in this field : Albert A. Davis No. 1 Well Record (137). Located in Grant District, at Numan. Authority, South Penn Oil Company. Thickness. Total. (Elevation, 995' B-A. T.) Feet. Feet. Unrecorded 742 742 Pittsburgh coal 8 750 Unrecorded 512 1262 Big Dunkard sand 28 1290 Unrecorded 110 1400 Gas sand 35 1435 Unrecorded 205 1640 Salt sand 80 1720 Unrecorded 260 1980 Pencil cave 5 1985 Big Lime 90 2075 Big Injun sand 110 2185 Unrecorded 505 2690 Fifty-foot sand 40 2730 Unrecorded 7 2737 Sand, (Thirty-foot) 30 2767 Sand shell 44 2811 Stray sand (gas, 2811') 19 2830 348 PETROLEUM AND NATURAL GAS. Feet. Feet. Thickness. Total. Slate 19 2849 Gordon sand (oil, 2851') 15 2864 Slate to bottom 17 2881 M. Davisson No. 6 Well Record (138). Located in Grant District, three-fourths mile east of Numan. Au- thority, South Penn Oil Company. Thickness. Total. (Elevation, 1149' L-A. T.) Feet. Feet. Unrecorded 924 924 Coal, Pittsburgh, and unrecorded 446 1370 Big Dunkard sand and unrecorded . 447 1817 Salt sand and unrecorded 383 2200 Big Lime 52 2252 Big Injun sand 80 2332 Unrecorded 644 2976 Stray sand 14 2990 Unrecorded 25 3015 Gordon sand (oil) 12 3027 Unrecorded to bottom 1 3028 Mary O’Connor No. 1 Well Record (136.) Located in Grant District, y 2 mile south of Numan. Authority, South Penn Oil Company. Thickness. Total. Feet. Unrecorded 1040 Coal, Pittsburgh 6 Unrecorded 517 Big Dunkard sand 85 Unrecorded 243 Sand, Salt? (II Cow Run) 85 Unrecorded 352 Big Lime 60 Big Injun sand 110 Unrecorded 589 Stray sand 23 Unrecorded 20 Gordon sand (oil) 12 Unrecorded to bottom 43 Feet. 1040 1046 1563 1648 1891 1976 2328 2388 2498 3087 3110 3130 3142 3185 Ellen Kirk No. 1 Well Record (134). Located in Grant District, 1% miles southwest of Salem. Author- ity, South Penn Oil Company. Thickness. Total. Elevation, 1365' B-A. T.) Feet. Feet. Unrecorded 1120 1120 Pittsburgh coal 6 1126 WEST VIRGINIA GEOLOGICAL SURVEY. 349 Thickness. Feet. Unrecorded 509 Big Dunkard sand 60 Unrecorded 345 Salt sand 40 Unrecorded 325 Big Lime 70 Big Injun sand 80 Unrecorded 505 Fifty-foot sand 15 Unrecorded 90 Gordon Stray sand 5 Unrecorded 30 Sand, Gordon (oil) 13 Unrecorded to bottom 15 Total Feet. 1635 1695 2040 2080 2405 2475 2555 3060 3075 3165 3170 3200 3213 3228 John Hession No. 1 Well Record (135). Located in Grant District, y 2 ' mile southwest of Industrial. Au- thority, South Penn Oil Company. Thickness. Total. (Elevation, 1330' B-A. T.) Unrecorded Pittsburgh coal Unrecorded Big Dunkard sand Unrecorded Sait sand Unrecorded Big Lime Big Injun sand Unrecorded Sand, Fifty-foot? (Gantz) Unrecorded Gordon Stray sand Unrecorded Gordon sand (oil) Unrecorded to bottom Feet. Feet. .1070 1070 5 1075 . 525 1600 . 55 1655 . 475 2130 . 75 2205 . 190 2395 . 60 2455 . 120 2575 . 395 2970 . 30 3000 . 120 3120 . 12 3132 . 29 3161 . 12 3173 . 47 3220 The oil does not rise over 50 feet in elevation above the structural level of the axis of the Robinson Basin on the western border of this Gordon sand oil pool of Grant and Mc- Clellan districts ; and the gas pool at the same horizon ap- parently sets in to the west where the oil leaves off as exhibi- ted by the economic geology map accompanying this re- port. In Grant, the record of one of these marginal gas wells near the head of Long run ; viz., Patrick Shaughnessy No. 1 (131), is published on page 289 of Vol. 1(A) of the State Sur- vey reports. The record shows the gas pay in the top of PETROLEUM AND NATURAL GAS. 350 the Gordon sand at a depth of 2721 feet, 2076 feet below the top of the Pittsburgh coal. Prospective Oil and Gas Territory, Grant District. — Grant district has been quite thoroughly prospected in some portions of its area, yet there remains a large acreage that looks favorable for oil and gas both from the standpoint of structure and present development. Considering these areas from northwest to southeast: (1) that, lying along the axis of the Robinson syncline southwest from Canton to the Grant- West Union district line, looks good for both Big Injun and Gordon oil ; (2) that, southeast from Canton to Poverty run, for 4 gas; (3) that, covered by the drainage of Flint run from the mouth of Neds run southeast to the mouth of Howell run, looks good for Big Injun and Gordon gas; (4) that, northwest from the main channel of Morgans run to the dividing ridge, for gas at the same horizons ; (5) that, on the east slope of the Arches Fork anticline southward from the main channel of Flint run to Long run, lying roughly between the 450 and 275-foot structure contours of the Pittsburgh coal as outlined on the map referred to above, for Gordon Stray and Gor- don gas; (6) that, southward from well No. 136 near Numan to the Grant-Greenbrier district line between the 250 and 225- foot structure contours of the Pittsburgh coal as given on the map mentioned above, appears quite favorable for Gordon oil. WEST UNION DISTRICT. The rock strata of West Union district are much warped and disturbed, as the latter’s area is traversed in a northeast- southwest direction by three structural folds ; viz., the Big Moses and Arches Fork anticlines, and the Burchfield syn- cline. As revealed both by present development and struc- ture, by far the greater portion of the district is favorable for natural gas ; while only a small area along the axis of the Burchfield Basin appears favorable for oil. A discussion of the oil and gas development will now be given from north- west to southeast in the district. The Big Moses anticline traverses the extreme northwest corner of West Union district and within the boundaries of WEST VIRGINIA GEOLOGICAL SURVEY. 351 the latter area just on the east side of the axis of this arch there occur some 8 or 10 gas wells in the Big Injun sand, as exhibited on the map accompanying this report by wells Nos. 139-144 inclusive, and others not listed. The summarized records of the following wells is this region are given in the table of wells for Doddridge county, page 290 : W. W. Pratt No. 1 (140), Ed Cain No. 1 (143), and Jos. Freeman No. 1 (144). All were gdssers in the Big Injun. Frank Smith Oil Pool. — Passing southeastward to the axis of the Burchfield syncline, a small Big Injun sand oil pool is found on the waters of Piggin run, 1.5 miles due north of West Union. The pool consists of 8 to 10 wells on the Frank Smith farm, the brief logs of four of which are given under Nos. 147-150 inclusive, in the table of wells mentioned above, page 290. These wells were very light, and the rec- ords for same were very incomplete. The chances are quite favorable for the extension of this pool to the northeast along the axis of the Robinson Basin to Canton, in view of the 10- bbl. oil showing in the Big Injun sand in the Wm. Freeman No. 1 well (346), located on Nutter fork, one mile northwest- ward from Knight. Its extension to the southwest, how- ever, appears to be shut off by the dry holes (151 and 152) on the land of Frank Scott and Maxwell Heirs, along the east bank of Middle Island creek. The latter (152) had a showing of oil and gas in the Big Injun. The following records are from wells located 34 to 1 mile eastward from the Smith pool : Vincent Cain No. 1 Well Record (153). Located in West Union District, 2 1 / i miles north 15° east of West Union. Authority, J. E. Trainer. Rig commenced July 9, 1906. Thickness. Total. (Elevation, 945' B-A. T.) Feet. Feet. Unrecorded 303 303 Native coal, (Lower Uniontown) 2 305 Unrecorded 259 564 Pittsburgh coal 4 568 Unrecorded 387 955 Sand, Little Dunkard (I Cow Run) 10 965 Unrecorded 114 1079 Big Dunkard sand 21 1100 Unrecorded 85 1185 352 PETROLEUM AND NATURAL GAS. Thickness. Total. Feet. Feet. Sand, Salt? (“Gas”) 65 1250 Slate and lime 40 1290 Sait sand (water, 1325') and unrecorded 553 1843 Big Lime, sandy and hard (show of oil and gas, 1952', steel line measurement; Big Injun sand, gas, 2018'8", increasing for 6') and unrecorded to bot- tom 869 2712 10” casing, 145'; 8 %" casing, 1089'; 6%" casing (steel line meas- urement), 1843'8”. Although the record fails to note it, a showing of oil in the Gordon sand was reported from this well by a farmer in that vicinity. D. L. Dotson No. 1 Well Record (154) Located in West Union District, 1% miles northeast of West Union. Authority, Eastern Oil Company. Completed Oct. 31, 1899. Thickness. Total. (Elevation, 865' B-A. T.) Feet. Feet. Unrecorded 1700 1700 Big Lime 100 1800 Keener sand 45 1845 Big Injun sand (2 screws of break, 1880'; big gas, 1890'), ana unrecorded to bottom 53 13" casing, 16'; 10' 1700'. 1898 casing, 287'; 8” casing, 1002'; casing. The northeastern portion of West Union district is traversed by the Arches Fork anticline which makes all that part southeast from Knight fine gas territory. About 30 gas wells have been drilled thereon. The three following rec- ords from wells in this region show the Big Injun, Gordon Stray and Gordon sands as the main gas horizons : P. B. McClain No. 1 Well Record (155). Located in West Union District, on Nutter fork, one mile south- east of Knight. Authority, Eastern Oil Company. Thickness. Total. (Elevation, 1010' B-A. T.) Feet. Feet. Unrecorded (watpr, 30') 465 465 Pittsburgh coal and unrecorded 1035 1500 Maxton sand and unrecorded 238 1738 Little lime and unrecorded 72 1810 Blue Monday sand and unrecorded 15 1825 Big Lime 50 1875 Big Injun sand (gas, 1915', 1985', and 2005') 140 2015 Unrecorded (gas in Gordon Stray sand, 2600') 593 2608 Gordon sand and unrecorded to bottom 22 2630 13” casing, 15'; 10" casing, 225'; 8^4" casing, 1015': 6%” casing, 1825'. WEST VIRGINIA GEOLOGICAL SURVEY. 353 Robert Harper No. 1 Well Record (157). Located in West Union District on England’s run, l 1 ^ miles north- west of Morgansville. Authority, Phi’adelphia Company. Completed June 25, 1910. Thickness. Total. (Elevation, 950' B-A. T.) Feet. Feet. Unrecorded 690 690 Sand, Little Dunkard? (Moundsvi-le) 25 715 Unrecorded 240 955 Sand, Big Dunkard? (Burning Springs) 20 975 Unrecorded 100 1075 Sand, Salt? (II Cow Run) 58 1133 Unrecorded 67 1400 Sand, Maxton? (Salt), (gas, 1475') 85 1485 Unrecorded 217 1702 Big Lime (gas, 1703') 76 1778 Big Injun sand, (gas, 1780').. 127 1905 Unrecorded 45 2050 Sand, Gantz? (Squaw) 40 2090 Unrecorded to bottom 655 2745 10" casing, 176'; 8 casing, 1133'; 6%" casing, 1805'. Pressure in 6%" casing: 1st minute, 10 lbs. to the sq. in. 10th minute, 75 lbs. to the sq. in. 30th minute, 140 lbs. to the sq. in. According to D. B. Reger, the above well starts 60 feet by hand-level above the Uniontown coal ; hence, the Pitts- burgh coal belongs at about 360 feet. The driller has evi- dently mistaken the Salt sand for the Maxton. Lloyd Davis No. 1 Well Record (161). Located in West Union District, one mile south of Smithton. Authority, Carter Oil Company. Well completed January 4, 1904. Thickness. Total. (Elevation, 860' B-A. T.) Feet. Feet. Unrecorded 245 245 Little Pittsburgh coal? 1 246 Unrecorded 354 600 Cave 200 800 Sand, Cow Run? (Big Dunkard) 35 835 Unrecorded 145 980 Sand, Cow Run? (“Gas” and II Cow Run) 240 1220 Unrecorded 44 1264 Salt sand (little gas, 1270') 40 1304 Unrecorded 206 1510 Cave 10 1520 Unrecorded 20 1540 Big Lime 62 1602 Big Injun sand (little gas, 1602') 86 1688 354 PETROLEUM AND NATURAL GAS. Thickness. Total. Feet. Feet. Unrecorded 582 2270 Gordon Stray sand (some gas, 2274') 6 2276 Unrecorded 25 2301 Gordon sand (fair gas, 2303') 4 2305 Unrecorded y 176 2481 Shells and unrecorded to bottom 33 2514 10" casing, 300'; 814 " casing, 980'; 6%" casing, 1538'; 4" tubing, 2317'. The record is quite interesting in that four gas horizons occur; viz., Salt, Big Injun, Gordon Stray and Gordon sands. The Pittsburgh coal is thin and unimportant. Two miles northward on the flattened crest of the Arches Fork anticline, near the head of Jockeycamp run, there occur 3 or 4 light oil wells in what appears to be the Salt sand. The following record of a well drilled by the Eastern Oil Company shows the oil pay 405 feet above the top of the Big Lime near the top of the Salt sand. The well is also a gasser in the Big Injun: J. B. Coulehan No. 1 Well Record (156). Located in West Union District, 1*4 miles northeast of Smithton. Authority, Eastern Oil Company. Completed August 4, 1906. Thickness. Total. (Elevation, 940' B-A. T.) Feet. Feet. Unrecorded 12 12 Sand, (Carroll) 28 40 Unrecorded 20 60 Coal, Uniontown 2 62 Unrecorded 92 154 Slate and shells 162 316 Coal, Mapletown? (Redstone) 2 318 Red rock 522 840 Sand, (Big Dunkard) 30 870 Unrecorded 25 895 Break 5 900 Sand 265 1165 Slate 40 1205 Salt sand (little gas, 1240'; gas and oil, 1250'; water, 1260') 370 1575 Red rock 45 1620 Little lime 7 1627 Pencil cave 8 1635 Blue Monday sand 20 1655 Big Lime SO 1735 Unrecorded 8 1743 Big Injun sand (gas, 1743') to bottom and not through sand 7 1750 13" casing, 10'; 10" casing, 154'; 8*4" casing, 890'; 6%" casing, 1640'. WEST VIRGINIA GEOLOGICAL SURVEY. 355 Southwestward 3 miles, near the mouth of Bluestone creek near West Union, there occurs a small Gordon sand oil pool of 5 or 6 wells on a slight structural terrace along the western slope of the Arches Fork anticline. The wells are light, not making at the start over 15 to 20 barrels, daily: L. T. Davis No. 1 Well Record (162). Located in West Union District, % mile southeast of West Union. Authority, Empire Oil Company. Completed in 1910. Thickness. Total. (Elevation, 780' B-A. T.) Feet. Feet. Unrecorded 235 235 Coal, Sewickiey? (Redstone) 5 240 Unrecorded 450 690 Sand, Little Dunkard 16 706 Unrecorded 74 780 Big Dunkard sand 64 844 Unrecorded 10 854 Sand, Gas? (Burning Springs) 12 866 Unrecorded 64 930 Sand, Salt? (“Gas”) 50 980 Unrecorded 30 1010 Sand, Second Salt? (II Cow Run and Salt) 160 1170 Unrecorded 185 1355 Sand, Maxton? (Salt) (first gas) 35 1390 Unrecorded 190 1580 Pencil cave 7 1587 Big Lime 57 1644 Big Injun sand (some gas) 144 1788 Sand, Squaw? (Big Injun) 27 1815 Unrecorded 80 1895 Sand, Berea? (Squaw) 20 1915 Unrecorded 5 1920 Sand, Gantz? (Berea) 80 2000 Unrecorded 100 2100 Fifty-foot sand 50 2150 Unrecorded 100 2250 Thirty-foot sand 40 2290 Unrecorded 20 2310 Gordon Stray sand 19 2329 Unrecorded 1 2330 Gordon sand (oil) 12 2342 Unrecorded to bottom 6 2348 The well starts 5 to 15 feet below the Uniontown coal ; hence, the coal at 235 feet appears to correlate with the Red- stone bed for the reasons given below. 356 PETROLEUM AND NATURAL GAS. Gribble and Dufour No. 1 Well Record (163). Located in West Union District, V 2 mile southeast of West Union. Authority, Gribble and Dufour. Completed in 1907. Thickness. Total. (Elevation, 786' L-A. T.) Feet. Feet. Unrecorded 320 320 Coal, Pittsburgh? (Little Pittsburgh) 2 322 Unrecorded 573 895 Gas sand 65 960 Unrecorded 115 1075 First Salt sand 75 1150 Unrecorded 150 1300 Second Salt sand (gas) 80 1380 Unrecorded 95 1475 Maxton sand 35 1510 Unrecorded 30 1540 Little lime 20 1560 Unrecorded 15 1575 Big Lime 70 1645 Big Injun sand 85 1730 Unrecorded 608 2338' Gordon sand (oil) 8 2346 Unrecorded to bottom 16 2362 “Initial oil production from Gordon, 15 barrels daily; now (July 6, 1910,) making 3 barrels daily. The well starts 20 feet below the Uniontown coal; hence, the coal at 320 feet appears to represent the Little Pittsburgh bed, since the Uniontown-Pittsburgh coal interval northward and at Long Run, is only 290 to 300 feet. According to W. D. Gribble of West Union, other wells in this pool; viz., the Jap Stewart Heirs No. 1 well (164) was making (July 7, 1910), one barrel of oil daily from the Gor- don, and is 5 years old; and the Jos. Cheuvront No. 1 (165) in addition to an oil show in the Gordon, produces one-third million cubic feet of gas daily from the Big Injun sand. The southeast portion of West Union is situated over a structural dome of the Arches Fork anticline, making it spec- ially favored gas territory. Several fine gas wells, mostly in the Salt and Big Injun sands, occur on or near the crest of this dome. The six following records are from wells in this region : WEST VIRGINIA GEOLOGICAL SURVEY. 35 Lewis Maxwell No. 8 Well Record (166). Located in West Union District, 1% miles south 10° east of West Union. Authority, Mountain State Carbon Black Company. (Elevation, 900' B-A. T.) Conductor 10 Unrecorded Coal, Pittsburgh? and unrecorded (no Little Dunkard; Big Dunkard — Shell) 582 Sand, “Gas”? (Burning Springs) Unrecorded Sand, Salt? (“Gas”) Unrecorded Sand, Salt? (II Cow Run) Unrecorded 400 Maxton sand Unrecorded 53 Little lime Pencil cave 11 Blue Monday sand Big Lime Big Injun sand (gas, 1716'; 1770') 91 Unrecorded 141 Grit Unrecorded (no Fifty-foot or Thirty-foot sand) 327 Gordon Stray sand Unrecorded 15 Gordon sand Unrecorded to bottom 36 10" casing, 165'; 8 casing, 855'; 6%" casing, 1642'. ickness. Total. Feet. Feet. . 10 10 . 260 270 .’ 582 852 . 83 935 . 50 985 . 40 1025 . 33 1058 . 12 1070 1470 . 12 1482 . 53 1535 . • 1.0 1545 . 11 1556 . 81 1637 . 59 1696 . 91 1787 . 141 1928 . 107 2035 327 2362 6 2368 . 15 2383 . 14 2397 . 36 2433 Well starts 15 feet above Uniontown coal; hence, the coal at 270' may represent the Redstone bed. Lewis Maxwell No. 1 Well Record (171). Located in West Union District, on Left Fork of Arnolds creek, miles south of West Union. Authority, Acme Carbon Company. Completed December 7, 1909. Thickness. Total. (Elevation, 870' B-A. T.) Feet. Feet. Unrecorded 210 210 Pittsburgh coal 3 213 Unrecorded 520 733 Sand, Little Dunkard? (Big Dunkard) 17 750 Unrecorded 90 840 Sand, Big Dunkard? (“Gas”) 60 900 Unrecorded 35 935 Sand, “Gas”? (II Cow Run) 60 995 Unrecorded (3 bailers of water at 1030') 270 1265 Sa t sand 31 1296 Unrecorded 234 1530 358 PETROLEUM AND NATURAL GAS. Thickness. Total Feet. Feet. Little lime 25 1555 Pencil cave 5 1560 Big Lime 80 1640 Big Injun sand (little gas, 1640') 30 1670 Unrecorded 200 1870 Sand, Gantz? 140 2010 Unrecorded 268 2278 Gordon Stray sand 2 2280 Unrecorded 20 2300 Gordon sand (gas show, 2300') 10 2310 Unrecorded to bottom 95 2405 Lewis Maxwell No. 2 Well Record (173). Located in West Union District, 4^ miles south 5° west of West Union. Authority, Acme Carbon Company. Completed April 16, 1910. Thickness. Total. (Elevation, 905' B-A. T.) Feet. Feet. Conductor 8 8 Unrecorded (water, 55', and 264G 482 500 Coal (Harlem) 4 504 Unrecorded 101 605 Coal (Bakerstown) 5 610 Unrecorded 102 712 Sand, Little Dunkard? (Big Dunkard) (1 bailer of oil per hour at 718') 66 778 Unrecorded 42 820 Sand, Big Dunkard? (Burning Springs) 25 845 Unrecorded 35 880 Gas sand 85 965 Unrecorded j 60 1025 Sand, Salt? (II Cow Run) (1 bailer of oil, 1030'; 8 bailers water, 1078’) 65 1090 Unrecorded 140 1230 Coal (one of the Pottsville) 6 1236 Unrecorded 72 1308 Salt sand (gas, 1323'; second gas, 1365') (0.4 mercury in 8 1 A” casing) and unrecorded to bottom 97 1405 10" casing, 275'; 8%" casing, 848'. The well starts about 75 feet below the Uniontown coal ; hence, the Pittsburgh coal horizon belongs at about 220 feet in the well, making the beds at 500' and 605' correlate with the Harlem and Bakerstown coals, respectively, and the oil horizon at 718 feet in the top of the Big Dunkard sand, and not the Little Dunkard as given in the original log. In addition to oil, the well had an initial gas production in the Salt sand of 5,965,000 cubic feet daily as calculated from the test men- tioned in the above log. Another well (172), drilled within WEST VIRGINIA GEOLOGICAL SURVEY. 359 15 feet of the No. 173, just mentioned, is a fine gasser in the Big Injun sand. Leeman Maxwell No. 4 Well Record (174). Located in West Union District, on Bluestone creek, 4 miles due south of West Union. Authority, Carnegie Natural Gas Company. Thickness. Total. (Elevation, 1005' B-A. T.) Feet. Feet. Unrecorded . . . 1268 1268 Salt sand (gas, 1273') 28 1296 Unrecorded . . , 44 1340 Salt sand (gas, 1344') and unrecorded to bottom . 16 1356 10" casing, 169'; 8%" casing, 864'; 4" casing, 590'; 3" tubing, 760'. Pressure test in pounds to the sq. inch: 1st % minute, 340 lbs. 4th minute, 395 lbs. 1st minute, 340 lbs. 5th minute, 400 lbs. 2nd minute, 370 lbs. 15th minute, 450 lbs. 3rd minute, 380 lbs. Rock pressure, 610 lbs. The well starts 40 feet below the Uniontown limestone, according to D. B. Reger ; hence, the Pittsburgh coal horizon belongs at about 275 feet in the well. Leeman Maxwell No. 6 Well Record (175). Located in West Union District, 3 y 2 miles south of West Union. Authority, Carnegie Natural Gas Company. Completed April 13, 1910. Thickness. Total. Feet. Feet. Unrecorded * 1322 1322 Salt sand (gas, 1330') to bottom 18 1340 10" casing, 169'; 8 casing, 864'; 4" casing, 590'; 3" tubing, 760'. Pressure test in pounds to the square inch in 3" tubing. 1st V 2 minute, 185 lbs. 4th minute, 440 lbs. 1st minute, 350 lbs. 5th minute, 440 lbs. 3rd minute, 435 lbs. Rock pressure, 480 lbs. Along the southwest border of West Union district, there occur a number of Big Injun sand gassers along the steep western slopes of the Arches Fork anticline. In addition to their summarized record as published in the table of wells for Doddridge county, page 290, the more detailed logs of the following list of wells located in this; region, are published on the pages indicated of Volume 1(A) of the State Survey reports : 360 PETROLEUM AND NATURAL GAS. Mapj No. I Name of Well. 169 179 Jacob Netzer No. 1. Harvey Smith No. 1 L80 (Harvey Smith No. 2 | Page of Location. ;Vol. 1(A). .J2 y 3 miles S. W. of West Union.) 300 . |4 miles S. of Central Station.. | 301 .| V 2 mile S. W. of well No. 179. .) 301 Well No. 179 made some 'oil in Maxton and gas in Big Injun, but considered almost the same as a dry hole by. the Company. In the two Smith wells (Nos. 179 and 180) a heavy flow of gas was struck in the Big Injun. The four following records of other wells in this field give much valuable data as to the oil and gas horizons and coal beds : Lewis Maxwell No. 1 Well Record (167). Located in West Union District on Pritchard run, 2 miles south- west of West Union. Authority, Philadelphia Company. Thickness. Total. (Elevation, 832' L-A. T.) Feet. Feet. Unrecorded 167 167 Native coal (Uniontown) 3 170 Unrecorded 270 440 Coal, Pittsburgh? (Redstone) 5 445 Unrecorded 485 930 Sand, Little Dunkard (I Cow Run) 25 955 Unrecorded 25 980 Big Dunkard sand 15 995 Unrecorded 125 1120 Gas sand 75 1195 Unrecorded 35 1230 Sand, Salt? (II Cow Run) 82 1312 Unrecorded 218 1630 Maxton sand 20 1650 Unrecorded 75 1725 Little lime 20 1745 Pencil cave 12 1757 Big Lime 93 1850 Sand, Big Injun? (Keener) (gas, 1876') 22 1872 Break 4 1876 Sand, Big Injun (oil, 1900'; gas, 1905') 34 1910 Unrecorded 162 2072 Sand, Berea? (Squaw) (show of black oil, 2085') 88 2160 Unrecorded 315 2475 Sand, Gordon? (Gordon Stray) shells with pebbles 20 2495 Unrecorded to bottom 558 3053 The well starts 50 feet below the Washington coal. WEST VIRGINIA GEOLOGICAL SURVEY. 361 Lafayette Fleming No. 1 Well Record (176). Located in West Union District on Right fork, 3% miles south 30° west of West Union. Authority, Carter Oil Company. Completed January 19, 1901. Thickness. Total. (Elevation, 860' L-A. T.) Feet. Feet. Unrecorded 600 600 Cave 225 825 Sand, Cow Run (I Cow Run) (oil, 837') 75 900 Unrecorded 23 923 Sand, Salt? (Big Dunkard and Burning Springs) (water 940') 100 1023 Unrecorded 535 1558 Maxton sand 57 1615 Unrecorded 5 1620 Big Lime (gas, 1632') 80 1700 Big Injun sand (gas, 1710') 66 1766 Unrecorded 535 2301 Stray sand 12 2313 Unrecorded 6 2319 Gordon sand (poor) 8 2327 Unrecorded to bottom 118 2445 10" casing, 451'; 8%" casing, 850'; 6 *4" casing, 1621'. J. Wesley Smith No. 1 Well Record (178). Located in West Union District. 1% miles northeast of Nay. Authority, Carter Oil Company. Completed July 19, 1901. Thickness. Total. (Elevation, 925' L-A. T.) Feet. Feet. Unrecorded (no Pittsburgh coal) 600 600 Cave 350 950 Unrecorded 50 1000 Sand, Cow Rwn? (Burning Springs) 25 1025 Unrecorded 200 1225 Sand, Salt. (II Cow Run and Salt) 100 1325 Unrecorded 215 1540 Maxton sand, hard 25 1565 Unrecorded . . . 110 1675 Big Lime, hard (light gas, 1680') 78 1753 Big Injun sand (fair gas, 1763') 75 1828 Unrecorded to bottom 29 1857 Ed Smith No. 1934 Well Record (181). Located in West Union District, 3% miles south of Central Station. Authority, Philadelphia Company. Completed Aug. 3, 1904. Thickness. Total. (Elevation, 940' B-A. T.) Feet. Feet. Unrecorded 60 60 Coal, native (Waynesburg “A”) 10 70 Unrecorded 480 550 362 PETROLEUM AND NATURAL GAS. Thickness. Total. Feet. Feet. Pittsburgh coal 5 555 Unrecorded 245 800 Sand, Little Dunkard? (Grafton) 60 860 Unrecorded 150 1010 Big Dunkard sand 66 1076 Unrecorded 49 1125 Sand, Salt? (Burning Springs and “Gas”) 200 1325 Unrecorded 99 14L1 Salt sand 46 1460 Unrecorded 216 1676 Coal, (No. 2 Gas?) 7 1683 Unrecorded 85 1768 Maxton sand 70 1838 Unrecorded 12 1850 Big Lime (oil, 1850', 2 bbl.) 70 1920 Big Injun sand '(gas, 1931' and I960') 80 2000 Unrecorded 515 2515 Gordon sand 35 2550 Unrecorded 160 2710 Fifth sand 20 2730 Unrecorded to bottom 113 2843 The above is an interesting record in that a 2-barrel oil pay was encountered in the top of the Big Lime. The well is a good gasser in the Big Injun sand. Prospective Oil and Gas Territory, West Union District. — West Union district has not been prospected to quite the extent that McClellan and Grant have undergone ; hence, there yet remains a large acreage of territory that is favored by geologic structure, and has not yet been condemned by pres- ent development. Considering these areas northwest to south- east across the district; (1) that, along the crest of the Big Moses anticline northwest from Nutter fork to the Tyler- Doddridge county line, and south and west of Camp Mistake and Gorby runs, respectively, appears very favorable for Big Injun sand gas; (2) that, along the axis of the Burchfield syncline northeastward from the Frank Smith oil pool on Piggin run to West Union-Grant district line, for Big Injun sand oil ; (3) that, immediately northwest of the intersection of the 80° 45' meridan and the 39° 15' parellel of north latitude, for Salt, Big Injun, Gordon Stray and Gordon gas; (4) and that, in the extreme southern border of the district, included in the drainage basin of Left fork of Arnolds creek south of the fork of the private roads at the Maxwell wells (172 and 173), for gas. WEST VIRGINIA GEOLOGICAL SURVEY. 363 CENTRAL DISTRICT. Central district occupies the extreme western portion of Doddridge and it is bounded on the west by Ritchie county. Its entire area lies within the Burchfield Basin. The axis of this structural fold traverses the district in a northeast- southwest direction, and bisects it into two nearly equal parts. While the structure in a large measure favors the segregation of oil and gas at the several horizons into pools of commercial value, yet the developments thus far have been rather discouraging. Two small oil pools have been opened; viz., the Harris oil pool in the Big Injun sand near Orontes, and the Douglas oil pool in the Maxton sand, 1.2 miles north 75°-80° east of Joy. Recently some very heavy gassers in the Big Injun sand have been reported along the crest and slopes of the Big Moses anticline just across the county line in the extreme southern portion of Tyler ; hence, it would ap- pear that the northwestern border of Central district is favora- bly located for gas at the same horizon. The development from northwest to southwest and southeast will now be con- sidered. The following is the record of a well as published, with some modifications in parentheses, on page 524 of the Mar- shall-Wetzel-Tyler report of the State Geol. Survey: Finley Dotson No. 1 Well Record (T202). Located in Central District, 1.1 mile northeast of Orontes. Thickness. Total. (Elevation, 770' B-A. T.) Feet. Feet. Unrecorded 393 393 Coal, poor, Pittsburgh? (Redstone?) 1 394 Unrecorded 246 640 Cave 270 910 ^and, Cow Run? (Big Dunkard) 30 940 Unrecorded 195 1135 Sand, Salt? (II Cow Run and Salt) 130 1265 Unrecorded . f 75 1340 Salt sand (Oil show, 1446') 160 1500 Unrecorded 140 1640 Cave, bad (Pencil) 15 1655 Big Lime, poor 43 1698 Big Injun sand (gas show, 1698' and 1815') 117 1815 Unrecorded to bottom 69 1884 “Considered dry and abandoned.” PETROLEUM AND NATURAL GAS. 364 The well starts 95 feet by hand-level below the Wash- ington coal ; hence, the bed at 393 feet may represent the Redstone coal. One mile northeastward, the W. C. Griffith No. 1 well (182) was a light gasser in the Big Injun sand. Southwestward on Long run the Carter Oil Company opened a small Big Injun sand oil pool on the Harris farm near Orontes in 1902. It is located on a structural terrace on the eastern slope of the Big Moses anticline. The follow- ing is the record of the first well. It starts 10 feet below the Washington coal: Carter-Harris No. 1 Well Record (192). Located in Central District, y 2 mile southwest of Orontes. Au- thority, Carter Oil Company. Drilled in 1902. Thickness. Total. (Elevation, 825' B-A. T.) Feet. Feet. Unrecorded 675 Cave, bad 305 980 Sand, poor, Cow Run (I Cow Run) . . . . . . 15 995 Unrecorded . ... 215 1210 Sand, Salt? (“Gas” and II Cow Run) (water, 1260') . . ... 125 1335 Unrecorded . ... 190 1525 Salt sand . . . . 45 1570 Unrecorded 125 1695 Cave 30 1725 Big Lime . . . . 50 1775 Big Injun sand (oil, 1783-1789') . . . . 25 1800 Unrecorded to bottom 14 1814 The well started ofif with a production of over 200 barrels daily from the Big Injun sand, but fell ofif very rapidly. Out of seven other wells drilled immediately surrounding this well, only two produced oil in paying quantities ; viz., the Williamson Heirs No. (191) and B. C. Powell No. 1 (194). The record of well No. 191 is given partially in the table of wells for Doddridge county, and in detail on page 302 of Vol. 1(A) of the State Survey. The following is the record of another well in this pool. WEST VIRGINIA GEOLOGICAL SURVEY. 365 Daniel H. Harris No. 3 Well Record (193). Located in Central District, 0.6 mi’e southwest of Orontes. Au- thority, Carter Oil Company. Completed Aug. 15, 1902. Thickness. Total. (Elevation, 835' B-A. T.) Feet. Feet. Unrecorded 1785 1785 Big Injun sand (oil, 1794'-1796'; gas, 1792'-1794') 105 1890 Unrecorded to bottom 5 1895 This well proved a fair gasser in the Big Injun sand. The summarized records of wells Nos. 194 and 195 located nearby are given in the table of wells for Doddridge county, page 290. The following is the record of a gas well located one- naif mile northwest of the Harris oil pool on Hugle run : John Harris No. 1 Well Record (190). Located in Central District, 2 1 / 4 miles north 75 c west of Central Station. Authority, Carter Oil Company. Completed in 1902 or 1903. Thickness. Total. (Elevation, 835' B-A. T.) Feet. Feet. Unrecorded (no Pittsburgh coal) 716 716 Cave 274 990 Sand, Cow Run (I Cow Run) 15 1005 Unrecorded 225 1230 Sand, Salt? (II Cow Run) (water, 1245') 65 1295 Unrecorded 105 1400 Salt sand 47 1447 Unrecorded 68 1515 Sand, Maxton? (Salt) 25 1540 Unrecorded 187 1727 Big Lime 51 1778 Big Injun sand (gas, 1778'-1786') 93 1871 Unrecorded to bottom •. . 39 1910 “Fair gas well in Big Injun.” Southeastward along the Burchfield Basin there have been drilled several practically dry holes. The following records give interesting data for this region 366 PETROLEUM AND NATURAL GAS. John Chisler No. 1 Well Record (186). Located in 'Central District, % mile southwest of Central Station. Authority, Carter Oil Company. Thickness. Total. (Elevation, 900' B. A-T.) Feet. Feet. Unrecorded 780 780 Cave 280 1060 Sand, Cow Run (I Cow Run) 20 1080 Unrecorded 234 1314 Sand, Salt? (“Gas” and II Cow Run) 145 1459 Unrecorded 196 1645 Sand, Maxton? (Salt) 38 1683 Unrecorded 169 1852 Big Lime 64 1916 Big Injun sand (oil and gas show, 1975') 59 1975 Unrecorded 260 2235 Berea Grit 45 2280 Unrecorded 345 2625 Gordon sand (shells) and ‘unrecorded to bottom 460 3085 “Dry hole.” W. A. Duckworth No. 1 Well Record (188). Located in Central District, 1% miles southwest of Central Station. Authority, Carter Oil Company. Completed February 10, 1904. Thickness. Total. (Elevation, 865' B-A. T.) Feet. Feet. Unrecorded 80 80 Coal, Washington 2 82 Unrecorded 489 571 Coal, (Redstone?) 1 572 Unrecorded 153 725 Cave 385 1110 Sand, Cow Run? (Big Dunkard) 30 1140 Unrecorded 60 1200 Sand, Salt? (“Gas” and II Cow Run) 272 1472 Unrecorded 132 1604 Sand, Maxton? (Salt) 70 1674 Unrecorded 174 1848 Cave 17 1865 Big Lime (gas show, 1914') 51 1916 Big Injun sand (oil show, 1994') 78 1994 Unrecorded to bottom < 87 2081 10" casing, 474'; S 1 /^" casing, 1110'; 6%" casing, 1865'. WEST VIRGINIA GEOLOGICAL SURVEY. 367 Frank Cooper No. 1 Well Record (189). Located in Central District, y 2 mile northeast of Duckworth Station. Authority, Carter Oil Company. Thickness. (Elevation, 980' B-A. T.) Feet. Unrecorded 180 Cave 1 Unrecorded 467 Coal, (Redstone?) 1 Unrecorded 126 Cave 75 Sand, Cow Run? (Murphy) 30 Cave 20 Sand, Cow Run? (Grafton) 25 Unrecorded 348 Sand, Salt? (“Gas”) 50 Unrecorded 108 Salt sand 215 Unrecorded 174 Maxton sand 40 Unrecorded 41 Cave 2 Big Lime 68 Big Injun sand (oil show, 2036') 55 Unrecorded to bottom 110 10" casing, 587'; 8*4" casing, 1130'; 6%" casing, 1876'. “Show of dark oil in Big Injun. Never saved.” Total. Feet. 180 181 648 649 775 850 880 900 925 1273 1323 1431 1646 1820 1860 1901 1903 1971 2026 2136 Wycliff Bee No. 1 Well Record (201). Located in Central District, 1*4 miles southeast of Duckworth Station. Authority, Carter Oil Company. Completed January 15, 1903. Thickness. Total. (Elevation, 945' B-A. T.) Feet. Feet. Unrecorded 690 690 Pittsburgh Coal 1 691 Unrecorded 1337 2028 Big Injun sand 89 2117 Unrecorded to bottom 30 2147 The above well is located near the axis of the Burch- field syncline. The latter resembles a rude canoe in Central district, with its upturned northeast end at Central Station, and southwest end at the Doddridge-Ritchie county line. One-half mile southeastward from the above well, the Carter Oil Company drilled another dry hole (202) on the L. D. Stuck farm, the detailed log of which is published on page 303 of Vol. I. (A) of the State Survey reports, and a brief record in the table of wells for Doddridge county, page 290. 368 PETROLEUM AND NATURAL GAS. This well starts 5 feet below the Washington “A” coal. Southwestward 1.5 mile's, there occurs a small oil pool in the Maxton sand. The following well record and data ex- hibit the horizon at which the oil is encountered : S. H. Douglas No. 1 Well Record (204). Located in Central District, 2 miles north of Nay. Authority, Carter Oil Company. Thickness. Total. (Elevation, 900' B-A. T.) Feet. Feet. Unrecorded 1760 1760 Maxton sand (oil, 1772'-1777') 20 1780 Unrecorded to bottom 14 1794 The well starts almost flush with the Washington ‘‘A” coal, or 130 feet above the Washington coal horizon (See Greenwood section, page 80, for interval) ; hence, the Pitts- burgh coal horizon belongs at about 650 feet in the well. The oil horizon then evidently correlates with the Maxton sand. The extreme southeast point of Central district reaches far enough up on the west slope of the Arches Fork anticline to catch the Big Injun sand gas pool of West Union dis- trict. The following is the record of a gas well at this horizon near the district line: Jack Cunningham No. 1933 Well Record (205) Located in Central District, 2 miles north of Nay. Authority, Philadelphia Company. Completed Oct. 9, 1905. Thickness. Total. (Elevation, 1060' B-A. T.) Feet. Feet. Unrecorded 390 390 Coal, native (Uniontown) 3 393 Unrecorded 269 662 Coal, Pittsburgh? (Redstone?) 3 665 Unrecorded 385 1050 Sand, Little Dunkard (I Cow Run) 40 1090 Unrecorded 70 1160 Big Dunkard sand 30 1190 Unrecorded 55 1245 Gas sand 40 1285 Unrecorded 142 1427 Sand, Salt? (II Cow Run) 25 1452 Unrecorded 458 1910 Maxton sand 30 1940 PLATE X (a). — Greenbrier Oil Field and Topography of the Dunkard series. PLATE X (b). — Same as above. WEST VIRGINIA GEOLOGICAL SURVEY. 369 Thickness. Total Feet. Feet. Unrecorded (gas, 1958') 40 1980 Big Lime 5 1985 Big Injun sand (gas, 1986') 63 2048 Unrecorded to bottom 2 2050 10" casing, 595'; S%" casing, 1160'; 6%" casing, 1690'. Pressure to the square inch in 6%" casing: 1st minute, 80 lbs. 15th .minute, 330 lbs. 5th minute, 210 lbs. 30th minute, 370 .lbs. Westward down Cabin run a dry hole (206) was drilled by the Carter Oil Company on the Nancy Smith farm; and another, one-fifth mile southeast from Joy on the F. A. Leach farm (207). The latter is located nearly on the axis of the Burchfield Basin. Two miles northwestward, near the Doddridge-Ritchie county line, a well (198) was drilled about 20 years ago by Murphy & Jennings on the Wm. Flanagan farm, the detailed record of which is used in connection with the section for Greenwood, page 80. A fair show of oil and gas was en- countered in the Maxton sand in this well, and some gas in the Big Injun and Gantz sands. Prospective Oil and Gas Territory, Central District. — As will readily be observed from the foregoing pages, the search for oil and gas in Central district has not thus far been very successful, yet there is included within its boundar- ies quite a large acreage that has not been condemned by dry holes, and which is favored by geologic structure. Considering these areas from north to south across the district ; (1) that, in the extreme northern point of its area along the axis of the Big Moses anticline appears favorable for Big Injun sand gas, in view of other wells at this horizon both to the north- east and southwest; (2) that portion of the district from Tollgate eastward to the 325-foot structure contour of the Pittsburgh coal bed as outlined on the economic geology map accompanying this report, appears good for Big Injun gas, located, as this territory is, so near the crest of the Big Moses arch and to the southwest of a fair Big Injun gas well on the John Harris (190) farm on Hugle run ; and (3) that, drained by Arnold creek northwest from Central Station to 370 PETROLEUM AND NATURAL GAS. the gas well (183) on the W. Harrison Piggott farm, 0.3 mile north of the mouth of Licks run, appears favorable for Big Injun sand gas. SOUTHWEST DISTRICT. Southwest district occupies the southwest portion of Doddridge county. Its area is traversed in an almost north and south direction by the great Arches Fork anticline. A glance at the structure contour map of the Pittsburgh coal bed in this portion of the county, will show that much relief prevails therein. Here the latter coal varies from 275 feet above tide in the extreme western point of the district to 700 feet above the same datum in the northeastern corner of its area. The central and northwest portions have not been thor- oughly tested, but sufficient drilling has been done to show that the Big Injun sand gas pool of West Union district reaches at least partly across Southwest district. On the extreme eastern border of the latter area there are about 75 oil wells in the Gordon sand in what is known as the Stout oil pool. As mentioned at the beginning of this chapter the latter pool was opened by the Carter Oil Company, February 1, 1899. This Company also opened another small oil pool on the W. B. Maxwell farm, 2 miles northwest from Kelly, at the same horizon. The development of the oil and gas fields’ will now be considered from northwest to southeast across the district. Attempts have been made to extend the Big Injun sand gas pool on the head of Right fork of Arnold creek to the southwest without much success. The following is the record of a well in this region : D. M. Haught No. 1 Well Record (209). Located in Southwest District, 2 % miles northeast of Oxford. Authority, Philadelphia Company. Thickness. Total. (Elevation, 940' B-A. T.) Feet. Feet. Unrecorded 230 230 Coal, (Lower Uniontown) iy 2 23iy 2 Unrecorded (no Pittsburgh coal) 703^ 935 Sand, First Cow Run 35 970 WEST VIRGINIA GEOLOGICAL SURVEY. 371 Sand, Second Cow Run? (Big Dunkard) Unrecorded Sand, Salt? (“Gas”) Unrecorded Salt sand Unrecorded Blue Monday sand Big Lime Keener sand (little gas) Big Injun sand Unrecorded Sand, Berea? (Squaw) Unrecorded to bottom Thickness. Total. Feet. Feet. 85 1055 120 1175 25 1200 410 1610 66 1676 109 1785 15 1800 25 1825 15 1840 50 1890 164 2054 134 2188 690 2878 The well starts about 60 feet below the Washington coal ; hence, the Pittsburgh coal horizon belongs at about 460 feet. The Gordon group of sands is not represented in this region, as will appear in the log of the W. L. Stinespring No. 1 well (209), published on page 304 of Vol. 1(A) of the State Survey Reports, located one mile southwest of the Haught well (209). The following is the log of an old well located at Oxford. The record is as published in Vol. I (exhausted) of the State Reports, with some modifications in parentheses by the writer. The well starts 45 feet below the Washington coal: C. P. Broadwater No. 1 Well Record (211). Located at Oxford, Southwest District. Authority, Carter Oil Company. Thickness. Total. (Elevation, 810' L-A. T.) Feet. Feet. Unrecorded (water, 230', 250', and 525') 700 700 Sand, (Murphy) 15 715 Limestone 30 745 Sand, very hard (Grafton) 5 750 Sandy shale and slate 40 790 Red shale (cave at 810') (Pittsburgh) 50 840 Blue sandy shale 35 875 Blue sand and shale (I Cow Run) 52 927 Coal, (Brush Creek) 3 930 Dark shale 35 965 Sand, Dunkard, (Big Dunkard) (oil show) 50 1015 Dark shale and limestone 45 1060 Sand, hard (Burning Springs) 10 1070 Dark shale, black slate and limestone 90 1160 B’.ue sandy shale and sand in streaks 103 1263 Slate, black 10 1273 PETROLEUM AND NATURAL GAS. Thickness. Total. Feet. Feet. Coal Kittanning? (Clarion) 1277 Slate, black 15 1292 Sand, (II Cow Run) 55' Coal, (Tionesta) 3 Slate, black 43 Sand, (I Salt) 53 Slate, black 10 Coal, (Quakertown) 3 Salt? 272 1564 Slate, black .11 Sand white (II Salt) 35 Sand, dark, (II Salt) 40 Dark shale and sand 19 Big Lime? Mountain? . . . . 18 1582 Dark Lime, shale and hard shell. . . .... 82 1664 Sand, Big Injun? (Maxton) .... 24 1688 Unrecorded .... 342 2030 Sand, Berea? Gantz? and Fifty-foot ? (Squaw) .... 72 2102 Unrecorded to bottom 4 2106 “Made less than one barrel a day after shooting in the Big Injun.” The Pittsburgh coal horizon belongs at 480 feet in the well ; hence, the oil pay occurs in the Maxton sand and not the Big Injun. The Pittsburgh coal-Big Injun sand inter- val is 1361 feet in the W. L. Stinespring No. 1 well (210), located one mile northeast from Oxford. The two following records are from comparatively dry holes on Sugar run southeast of Oxford : David W. Gray No. 2 Well Record (213). Located in Southwest District, % mile southeast of Oxford. Authority, Carter Oil Co. Completed, July 16, 1900. Thickness. Total. (Elevation, 840', B. A. T.) Feet. Feet. Unrecorded 470 470 Pittsburgh coal 4 474 Unrecorded 166 640 Sand, Cow Run? (Murphy) 60 700 Unrecorded 260 960 Sand, Cow Run? (Big Dunkard) 40 1000 Unrecorded 675 1675 Maxton sand 30 1705 Unrecorded 30 1735 Big Lime 50 1785 Unrecorded 30 1815 Big Injun sand (gas, 1830') 40 1855 Unrecorded 205 2060 Sand, Berea? (Squaw) 30 2090 Unrecorded to bottom 31 2121 WEST VIRGINIA GEOLOGICAL SURVEY. 373 David W. Gray No. 1 Well Record (214). Located in Southwest District, 1 mile southeast of Oxford. Authority, Carter Oil Company. Completed April 24, 1899. Thickness. Total. (Elevation, 860' B-A. T.) Feet. Feet. Unrecorded 480 480 Ccal, Pittsburgh? (Little Pittsburgh), small show 0 480 Unrecorded 1160 1640 Big Lime 78 1718 Big Injun sand, poor 4 1722 Unrecorded to bottom 33 1755 The well starts about 115 feet below the Washington coal bed ; hence, the Pittsburgh coal horizon belongs at about 425 feet in the well. Thus it appears quite probable that the well did not quite reach the main Big Injun sand, and for that reason is hardly a test for the head of Sugar run. The following is the record of a gas well located 1.3 miles northeastward on South fork, nearly on the strike of the strata from the Gray No. 1 well (214). The well starts 130 to 140 feet below the Washington coal ; hence, the Pitts- burgh coal belongs at about 400 feet in the well : Granville S. Nutter No. 1932 Well Record (212). Located in Southwest District, 1 % miles northeast of Oxford Authority, Philadelphia Company. (Elevation, 830' B-A. T.) Unrecorded (No Pittsburgh coal) . Sand, Big Dunkard? (I Cow Run) Unrecorded Sand, “Gas”? (Burning Springs).. Sand, Salt? (“Gas”) Unrecorded Maxton sand Unrecorded Big Lime Big Injun sand (gas, 1750') Unrecorded Gordon sand Unrecorded Fifth sand Unrecorded to bottom Thickness. Total. Feet. Feet. . ... 870 870 . ... 40 910 96 1006 . . . . 60 1066 . ... 50 1116 . ... 484 1600 . .. . 40 1640 . . . . 50 1690 . . . . 55 1745 . . . . 90 1835 . ... 590 2425 . . . . 75 2500 . ... 140 2640 . ... 20 2660 . . . . 78 2738 The following is the record of a Big Injun gas well near the crest of the Arches Fork anticline on Sheep run. The depth and thickness of the coal mentioned therein, as well 374 PETROLEUM AND NATURAL GAS. as the depths to the Big Injun and Gordon sands were copied from the log as furnished Mr. Nutter by a driller on the well. The balance of the record was obtained from the Carter Oil Company : Eli Nutter No. 1 Well Record (215). Located in Southwest District, iy 2 miles east of Nay. Authority, Carter Oil Company and Eli Nutter. Completed February 27, 1903. (Elevation, 930' B-A. T.) Big Lime Big Injun sand Unrecorded Berea Gric? (Squaw) The record fails to note the horizon at which the was encountered. 'hickness. Total. Feet. Feet. . . 150 150 . . 12 162 1625 . . 53 1678 1708 , .. 207 1915 , . . 10 192a . 390 2315 , . . 87 2402 which the gas- Three-fourths mile due southward, the same company drilled a well on the W. B. Maxwell farm, in which a show- ing -of oil was encountered in what appears to be the Gas sand. Gas was also struck in both the Big Injun and Gordon sands. The Pittsburgh coal horizon should come at about 260 feet in this well, the log of which is as follows : W. Brent Maxwell No. 6 Well Record (216). Located in Southwest District, 2 y 2 miles due east of Oxford. Au- thority, Carter Oil Company. Completed Aug. 10, 1900. Thickness. Total. (Elevation, 895' B-A. T.) Feet. Feet. Unrecorded 1000 1000 Sand, Cow Run? (Gas sand) (oil show, 1010') 10 1010 Unrecorded 175 1185 Sait sand (water, 1235') 245 1430 Unrecorded 170 1600 Big Lime 70 1670 Big Injun sand (gas, 1760') 80 1750 Unrecorded 580 2330 Gordon sand (gas, 2330') 4 2334 Unrecorded to bottom 217 2551 Southwestward 2.5 miles, the Carter Oil Company drilled a light gasser in the Big Lime, near the Doddridge-Ritchie: WEST VIRGINIA GEOLOGICAL SURVEY. 375 county line. The well starts 120 feet below the Washington coal bed ; hence, the Pittsburgh coal horizon should come at a depth of about 425 feet in the well, the record of which is as follows : M. H. Wilson No. 1 Well Record (217). Located in Southwest District, 1 % miles northwest of Summers. Authority, Carter Oil Company. Completed March 25, 1902. Thickness. Total. (Elevation, 935' B-A. T.) Feet. Feet. Unrecorded 496 496 Coal, Pittsburgh? (Little Clarksburg) 3 499 Unrecorded 241 740 Cave 205 945 Unrecorded 95 1040 Sand, Cow Run? (Gas sand)..... 80 1120 Unrecorded 30 1150 Sand, Salt? (Clarion) 20 1170 Unrecorded 184 1354 Sait sand 121 1475 Unrecorded 183 1658 Maxton sand 25 1683 Unrecorded 25 1708 Big Lime (light gas) 42 1750 Unrecorded 83 1833 Big Injun sand 33 1866 Unrecorded 184 2050 Sand, Berea? (Squaw) 35 2085 Unrecorded to 'bottom 31 2116 Passing about two miles eastward, there occur two Big Injun sand gassers on Upper and Camp runs, slightly east of the crest of the Arches Fork anticline. The complete record of one of these wells; viz., E. M. Gaston No. 1 (218), is published on page 300 of Vol. 1(A) of the State Survey reports. The record of the other is as follows : S. M. Gaston No. 1 Well Record (219). Located in Southwest District, 2 miles northwest of Grove. Au- thority, Carter Oil Company. Completed July 1, 1902. Thickness. Total. (Elevation, 920' B-A. T.) Feet. Feet. Unrecorded 1625 1625 Big Lime 75 1700 Big Injun sand (gas, 1700') 50 1750 Unrecorded 150 1900 Sand, Gantz? (Squaw) 100 2000 Unrecorded 290 2290 Gordon Stray sand (oil show) 15 2305 Unrecorded to bottom 80 2385 076 PETROLEUM AND NATURAL GAS. The well starts-* 15 feet below the Uniontown coal, crop- ping in the road a short distance northeast of the boring. About 2.5 miies northward there occurs a small oil pool in the Gordon sand on Big run over a structural terrace near the crest of the anticline. The three following records are from wells in this pool : W. B. Maxwell No. 8 Well Record (220). Located in Southwest District, 2 miles northwest of Kelly. Au- thority, Carter Oil Company. Completed Dec. 2, 1900. Thickness. Total. (Elevation, 910' B-A. T.) Feet. Feet. Unrecorded 758 758 Sand, Cow Run? (Big Dunkard) (oil show, 808') 58 816 Unrecorded 359 1275 Salt sand (water, 110' in) 115 1390 Unrecorded 66 1456 Maxton sand (good gas, 1476') 29 1485 Unrecorded 92 1577 Big Lime 73 1650 Big Injun sand * 80 1730 Unrecorded 340 2070 Sand, Berea? (Gantz) 9 2079 Unrecorded 180 2259 Gordon Stray sand 9 2268 Unrecorded 5 2273 Gordon sand (oil, 2274') 6 2279 Unrecorded to bottom 21 2300 The well starts 40 to 50 feet below the base of the Uniontown limestone; hence, the Pittsburgh coal horizon belongs at about 230 to 240 feet. Thus the oil show at 808 feet occurs in the Big Dunkard and not in either of the Cow Run sands. In addition to Gordon oil, a good flow of gas is reported in the Maxton sand. W. B. Maxwell No. 2 Well Record (221). Located in Southwest District, 1 % miles northwest of Kelly. Authority, Carter Oil Company. Completed April 4, 1900. Thickness. Total. (Elevation, 920' B-A. T.) Feet. Feet. Unrecorded 1530 1530 Big Lime 75 1605 Big Injun sand (gas, 1611') 60 1665 Unrecorded 615 2280 Gordon sand (oil) 6 2286 Unrecorded to bottom 18 2304 WEST VIRGINIA GEOLOGICAL SURVEY. 377 W. B. Maxwell No. 4 Well Record (222). Located in Southwest District, 1% miles northwest of Kelly. Authority, Carter Oil Company. Completed April 4, 1900. Thickness. Total. (Elevation, 940' B-A. T.) Feet. Feet. Unrecorded 1550 1550 Big Lime 90 1640 Big Injun sand (gas, 1720') 80 1720 Unrecorded 564 2284 Gordon sand (oil, 2290') 8 2292 Unrecorded to bottom 20 2312 This well starts 20 feet below the Uniontown limestone, cropping in the point northeast of the well ; hence, the Pitts- burgh coal horizon belongs at about 270 feet in the weil. According to information furnished Mr. Reger, sufficient gas was obtained to run the boiler that provided steam for the well. Stout Oil Field. — What is known as the Stout oil field of Doddridge county is that developed oil pool in the Gordon sand which extends from the head of Righthand fork of Lick run, 3 miles northwest of New Milton, almost due south- ward 8 miles to near Leopold. As mentioned at the begin- ning of this chapter, this pool was first opened by the Carter Oil Company on the S. W. Stout farm in February, 1890. The field is exceptional from a structure standpoint. The Gordon sand contains no water in this region, yet by far the greater portion of the pool occurs on the steep structural slope of the eastern flank of the Arches Fork anticline. The lenticular nature of the Gordon sand in this locality no doubt in a large measure prevents the oil from passing down along this horizon into the deep Robinson Basin on the southeast as it does along the southeast border of McClellan and Grant districts, and the eastern border of Greenbrier. The following table is made up from a series of wells ar- ranged from north to south entirely across the length of the pool, and exhibits not only the elevation below tide of the top of the Gordon sand, but its depth and thickness as well. The elevation of the top of the hole is expressed in feet above tide. The table shows a total fall in the Gordon sand along this oil pool from north to south of over 250 feet. Of 378 PETROLEUM AND NATURAL GAS. course, it may happen that along the eastern margin of the pool, the sand, instead of thinning away, has become close- grained and hard and in this way confined the oil to the high structural level it occupies. The table shows that the Gordon varies in thickness from 1 to 8 feet: Table Showing Gordon Sand Data. — Stout Oil Field. Map No. NAME OF WELL Elevation of Well A. T. GORDON SAND Depth Elevation Below Tide Thick- ness Feet. Feet. Feet. 965B | 2393 1428 4 925B | 2367 1442 3 1070B | 2452 1382 1 8 1265B j 2673 1408 5 1055B | 2531 1476 8 980B 2397 1417 5 985B j 2568 1583 8 930B | 2443 1513 5 935B | 2421 1486 4 935B | 2443 1508 5 990B | 2506 1516 8 990B | 2572 1582 5 1135B | 2796 1661 5 1100B | 2655 1555B 1 1075B 2653 1578 5 1075B | 2675 1600 5 990B | 2597 1607 5 1125B 2754 1629 7 1165B | 2727 1562 4 930B | 2569 1639 5 900L 2564 1664 6 855B | 2539 1684 8 | 930B | j 258 259 260 261 262 223 265 225 226 227 228 229 266 267 234 235 237 236 268 238 240 241 239 Porter Maxwell No. 34.. Porter Maxwell No. 31 . . . Mary E. Gabber! No. 1. . j Wm. Stout No. S j J. B. Maxwell No. 2 j W. M. Stout No. 10 j L. W. Pearcy Heirs No. 1 J S. W. Stout No. 2 j S. W. Stout No. 4 j S. W. Stout No. 1 | S. W. Stout No. 19 | S. W. Stout No. 18 | John Gribb.e No. 3 j John Gribble No. 2 j James H. Bode No. 1. . . . j James H. Bode No. 8.... | John A. Bode No. 1 [ John A. Bode No. 2 | Fred Fisher No. 3 | Wm. H. Bode No. 1 | W. M. Williams No. 1... | John Wanstreet No. 1... f Andrew (J.) Hurst No. 1. The extreme eastern border of Southwest district holds within its boundaries a large portion of the Stout oil field. The five following records of wells in this pool, arranged from north to south across the district, give interesting data as to the oil and gas sands and the apparent absence of commer- cial coal beds : WEST VIRGINIA GEOLOGICAL SURVEY. 379 W. M. Stout No. 10 Well Record (223). Located in Southwest District, 0.8 mile northeast of Authority, Carter Oil Company. Completed June 18, 1901. Kelly. (Elevation, 980' B-A. T.) Thickness. Feet. Total. Feet. Unrecorded 1672 1672 Big Lime 1726 Unrecorded 10 1736 Big Injun sand 160 1896 Unrecorded 259 2155 Berea sand 11 2166 Unrecorded 208 2374 Gordon Stray sand. ...... 15 2389 Unrecorded 8 2397 Gordon sand (oil) 2402 Unrecorded to bottom. . . 20 2422 10" casing, 350'; 8 %' ' casing, 960'; 6%" casing, 1707'. S. W. Stout* No. 1 Well Record (227). Located in Southwest District, 0.6 mile southeast of Authority, Carter Oil Company. Completed Feb. 1, 1899. Kelly. Thickness. Total. (Elevation, 935' B-A. T.) Feet. Feet Unrecorded 965 965 Sand, (Burning Springs) 65 1030 Unrecorded 1220 Sand, (Salt, in part) 280 1500 Unrecorded 80 1580 Sand, (Maxton, Cairo) 20 1600 Unrecorded 1680 Big Lime 1705 Sand 95'1 Slate 5 ]- Big Injun sand .... 155 1860 Sand 55 J Unrecorded 2443 Gordon sand, all pay (oil) 2448 Unrecorded to bottom 2484 “Initial production, 50 bbls. of oil daily from Gordon.” The above is the first well drilled in the field. The Pittsburgh coal horizon belongs ; at about 415 feet in depth in the well. The latter coal appears to be absent in all the records obtained from this field. *Vol. I, W. Va. Geol. Survey, page 322; 1899. 330 PETROLEUM AND NATURAL GAS. S. W. Stout No. 19 Well Record (228). Located in Southwest District, 0.8 mile southwest of Kelly. Authority, Carter Oil Company. Thickness. Total. (Elevation, 990’ B-A. T.) Feet. Feet. Unrecorded 1765 1765 Big Lime 85 1850 Big Injun sand 100 1950 Unrecorded 530 2480 Stray sand 20 2500 Unrecorded 6 2506 Gordon sand (oil, 2507'-2512') 8 2514 Unrecorded to bottom 16 2530 S. W. Stout No. 18 Well Record (229). Located in Southwest District, 1 % miles southeast of Kelly. Authority, Carter Oil Company. Thickness. Total. (Elevation, 990’ B-A. T.) Feet. Feet. Unrecorded 1870 1870 Big Lime 100 1970 Big Injun sand (gas, 1995') 55 2025 Unrecorded 525 2550 Stray sand 10 2560 Unrecorded 12 2572 Gordon sand (oil) 5 2577 Unrecorded to bottom 20 2597 The initial production of the wells in the Stout field ranges from 5 to 100 barrels daily. Prospective Oil & Gas Territory, Southwest District. — As mentioned on a preceding page, there yet remains a large acreage in Southwest district that has not been condemned by dry holes that appears to be favored by both geologic structure and present development. That portion of the district immediately southwest from the head of Right fork of Arnold creek, lying to the east of the 450-foot structure contour of the Pittsburgh coal bed as outlined on the economic geology map accompanying this report, seems very favorable for Big Injun gas; and that, near the crest and along both sides of the axis of the Arches Fork anticline from the West Union-Southwest district line, southward to the Doddridge-Ritchie county line, certainly is favored by structure for gas territory. WEST VIRGINIA GEOLOGICAL SURVEY. 381 COVE DISTRICT. Cove district is situated in the southern point of Dodd- ridge county, and is joined on the south by Gilmer and Lewis counties. Its entire area lies within the Robinson synclinal basin, the axis of which intersects the New Milton-Cove district line on the head of Town Camp run, 2.4 miles north- east from Leopold, bears southwestward, and crosses the Doddridge-Gilmer county line 0.9 mile east of Spurgeon. After entering Cove from the northeast, the axis of the fold rises rapidly in elevation southwestward, elevating the Pitts- burgh coal horizon from 275' A.T. to over 400' A.T. at the southern margin of the district. The Southern end of the Stout oil field, located on the western slope of this structural basin, is included within the boundaries of Cove district. The latter area also catches a small portion of the Fink oil field in the Berea sand on the eastern slope of the same basin. The development within the district will now be discussed from northwest to south- east. The Stout oil field enters the area on the head of Cove creek and follows this stream southward to the axis of the Robinson Basin. There are 35 to 40 oil wells in this Gordon sand field included within the district. In addition to the summarized records of the following wells from the Cove district portion of the Stout field as listed in the table of wells for Doddridge county, page 290, their more complete logs are published on the pages indicated of Vol. 1(A) of the State Geological Reports : Map No. Name of Well. 233 234 L. G. Chapman No. Jas. H. Bode No. 1.. 235 jJas. H. Bode No. 8.. 236 | John A. Bode No. 2. . 237 | John A. Bode No. 1. . 238 |Wm. H. Bode No 1.. 241 iJohn Wanstreert No. i 1 1 Location. Page of Vol. 1(A) 0.6 mile N of Grove 297 1.5 mile N 30° E of Grove 298 1.3 mile N E of Grove. . 299 1.5 mile N E of Grove. . 300 1.2 mile N E of Grove.. 299 1.0 mile N 80° E of Grove 299 0.6 mile N 15° W of Leo- pold 297 382 PETROLEUM AND NATURAL GAS. The L. G. Chapman well (233) was dry in the Gordon sand, but a gasser in the Big Injun. The following well record is here republished from page 297 of Vol. 1(A) mentioned above, in order to show the rela- tion of the oil sand — Gantz? (Berea) — of the Fink field, to the oil sand — Gordon — of the Stout field, the Squaw, and the Big Injun sands. The Fink field is located only 4 miles southeast from this well (240). The well mouth is 35 feet below the Washington coal bed; hence, the Pittsburgh coal horizon belongs at about 520 feet in depth : W. M. Williams No. 1 Well Record (240). Located in Cove District, 1 y 3 miles north 15° west of Leopold. Authority, Carter Oil Company. Thickness. Total. (Elevation, 900' L-A. T.) Feet. Feet. Unrecorded (no Pittsburgh coal) 700 700 Cave 300 1000 Unrecorded 15 1015 Sand, Cow Run? (Big Dunkard) 45 1060 Unrecorded 250 1310 Sand, Salt? (II Cow Run) 83 1393 Unrecorded 337 1730 Maxton sand (water, 1738') 20 1750 Unrecorded 80 1830 Big Lime 110 1940 Big Injun sand (gas, 1940'; water, I960') 92 2032 Unrecorded 133 2165 Squaw sand 20 2185 Unrecorded 165 2350 Sand, Gantz? (Berea) 12 2362 Unrecorded 182 2544 Gordon Stray sand 8 2552 Unrecorded 12 2564 Gordon sand (oil, 2564') 6 2570 Unrecorded to bottom 17 2587 “Thirty-barrel daily oil well from Gordon sand.” The record shows the Gantz? (Berea) sand coming 410 feet below the top of the Big Injun. As mentioned in con- nection with the St. Clara section, page 85, the former sand apparently correlates with the main oil horizon of Yellow creek and Rowles run of Calhoun county. The two following records are from wells located in the northeast portion of Cove district: WEST VIRGINIA GEOLOGICAL SURVEY. 383 Jacob Ruppert No. 1 Well Record (242), Located in Cove District, 2 % miles northwest of Leopold. Authori- ty, Southern Oil Company. Completed Oct. 30, 1905. (Elevation, 940' B-A. T.) Unrecorded (no Pittsburgh coal) Sand, Little Dunkard (I Cow Run) Unrecorded Sand, Big Dunkard? (Burning Springs) Unrecorded Sand, Salt (II Cow Run) (water, 1375') Unrecorded Salt sand Unrecorded Sand, Maxton? (Salt) Big Lime Unrecorded Big Injun sand Unrecorded Sand, Gantz? (Berea) Unrecorded Fifth sand and unrecorded to bottom... 10" casing, 170'; 8 casing, 1188'; John H. Schmidt No. 1 Well Record (243). Southern Oil Company. Completed Aug. 19, 1905. (Elevation, 1095' B-A. T.) Unrecorded Coal, Pittsburgh? (Little Pittsburgh?) and unrecor Sand, Little Dunkard (I Cow R*an) Unrecorded Big Dunkard sand Unrecorded Sand, First Salt? (II Cow Run) Unrecorded Salt sand (water) Unrecorded Maxton sand Unrecorded Little lime Unrecorded Big Lime Big Injun sand (some gas) Unrecorded Squaw sand Unrecorded Sand, Gantz? (Berea) (some oil and gas) Thickness. Total. Feet. Feet. 1085 1085 . . . . 20 1105 . . . . 65 1170 . .. . 85 1255 . ... 135 1390 . .. . 98 1488 . . . . 42 1530 55 1585 .... 115 1700 .... 38 1738 208 1946 . . . . 44 1990 . . . . 10 2000 . . . . 50 2050 . . . . 30 2080 2162 . . . 264 2426 .. . . 20 2446 .... 534 2980 .... 28 1957'. 3008 1 (243). Clara. Authority, Thickness. Total. Feet. Feet. .... 745 745 ed.. 420 1165 .... 20 1185 1220 1285 .... 255 1540 . .. . 50 1590 .... 130 1720 .... 130 1850 1940 1985 2020 2040 2080 2110 .... 185 2295 .... 40 2335 77 2412 2545 ... . 25 2570 384 PETROLEUM AND NATURAL GAS. 4 Thickness. Total Feet. Feet. Unrecorded 270 2840 Gordon shell and unrecorded 200 3040 Fifth sand 5 3045 Unrecorded to bottom 57 3102 10" casing, 284'; S 1 /^" casing, 1235; 6%" casing, none. “Casing pulled and well abandoned.” The well starts 140 feet above the Washington coal bed. The Washington-Pittsburgh coal interval in this region is 565 feet, according to the St. Clara section, page 85 ; hence, the Pittsburgh coal should come at a depth of about 705 feet. Thus, the coal at 745 feet apparently represents the Little Pittsburgh bed. Here the Gantz? (Berea) sand comes only 133 feet below the Squaw, and 435 feet below the top of the Big Injun. A light flow of gas 'was encountered in the Big Injun, and a showing of oil and gas in the Gantz? (Berea). Southwestward 2 miles, a light gas well (244) was drilled near the head of Fallen Timber run on the Henry U. Wan- street farm. The horizon at which the gas was struck was not ascertained. Two miles southwestward, just below the mouth of Fallen Timber, a dry hole (245) was drilled by the Hagerstown Oil Company of Salem, W. Va., on the P. Brannon farm. The writer was unable to obtain the log or any definite infor- mation concerning this well. The South Penn Oil Company in February, 1910, drilled the Andrew Hurst No. 1 well (239), located on Rush run, one mile westward from Leopold, in which a two-million cubic feet daily gas flow was encountered in the Big Injun sand. The well starts 15 feet below the Washington coal bed. Here the drillers reported the Pittsburgh coal as absent from the measures. As mentioned on a preceding page, the southeast corner of Cove district catches the northwest edge of the Fink oil field. Only four oil wells are within the boundary of the district. The log of one of these wells ; viz., Christian Albers No. 8 (248), is published in connection with the St. Clara section, page 85, to which the reader is referred for com- ments on the oil horizon in the Fink field. The two following records are from wells in this pool : WEST VIRGINIA GEOLOGICAL SURVEY. 385 John Gamp No. 1 Well Record (249). Located in Cove District, 1.1 miles south 30° west of St. Clara. Authority, South Penn Oil Company. Completed about 13 years. Thickness. Total. (Elevation, 810' B-A. T.) Feet. Feet. Unrecorded 1730 1730 Big Injun sand and unrecorded 435 2165 Sand, Gantz? (Berea) (oil, 2170') 27 2192 Unrecorded to bottom 8 2200 John Rastle No. 2 Well Record (251). Located in Freemans Creek District, 2 miles south 10° west of St. Clara. Authority, South Penn Oil Company. Thickness. Total. Feet. Feet. Unrecorded 1103 1103 IXmkard sand 27 1130 Unrecorded 320 1450 Salt sand 34 1484 Unrecorded 96 1580 Maxton sand 70 1650 Unrecorded 395 2045 Big Lime 42 2087 Big Injun sand 103 2190 Unrecorded 237 2427 Sand, Gantz? (Berea) (oil, light, 2434') to bottom 27 2454 The well starts on bench of the Washington coal bed. The record of the Chas. Fischer Xo. 1 well (250), located in the edge of Lewis county, 0.4 mile northwest of the Rastle well (251), was published on page 298 of Vol. 1(A) of the State Geol. reports. A brief record of the same well is given in the table of wells for Doddridge county page 290. The South Penn Oil Company drilled two dry holes (246 and 247) on the Henry Bode and Jos. Krenn farms, located northwest and northeast, respectively, from this oil pool in Cove district. Prospective Oil and Gas Territory, Cove District. — Although the middle and eastern portions of Cove district have been quite fairly tested for oil and gas, yet there remains a large acreage along its western border that has not been condemned bv dry holes, and that is favored both by present development and geologic structure for gas in the Big Injun sand. The Andrew Hurst well (239), located one mile west- 386 PETROLEUM AND NATURAL GAS. ward from Leopold, was a fine gasser in the Big Injun; hence, all that part of the district lying west of the main channel of Rush run, and west of a line through Grove and the L. G Chapman No. 1 well (233), 0.6 mile northward, appears favor- able for Big Injun gas. In the northeast portion of the dis- trict, a showing of oil was encountered in the Gantz? (Berea) sand in the John H. Schmidt No. 1 well (243), located 1.1 miles north of St. Clara ; hence, there may be a pool of oil at this horizon northward to the Cove-New Milton district line along the structural terrace as outlined by the diver- gence of the 325 and 375-foot contours of the Pittsburgh coal bed as exhibited on the economic geology map accompanying this report. NEW MILTON DISTRICT. New Milton district lies immediately on the northeast from Cove, and is bounded on the southeast by Lewis county. Its northwest corner is traversed in a northeast-southwest direction by the Arches Fork anticline, and the balance of its area lies in the Robinson Basin on the southeast from this great arch in the rocks. On its western border it includes within its area a large portion of the Stout oil pool. All efforts have proved fruitless thus far to extend the Gordon sand oil pool of the eastern portions of McClellan, Grant, and Greenbrier districts southwestward along the Robinson Basin into New Milton district. This is no doubt in a large measure due to the rise in the axis of the Robinson Basin southwestward from its intersection with the Baltimore & Ohio Railroad, 2 miles west of Salem. The extreme southeastern border of New Milton just catches the northwest margin of the Fink oil field of Lewis county, being represented in the district by the W. B. Maxwell No. 1 well (278), located 1.2 miles south of Coldwater. In the north- western point of the district, there are 15 to 20 gas wells located on or near the crest of the Arches Fork anticline. The two following well records from this locality show the Salt and Big Injun sands to be the main gas horizons: WEST VIRGINIA GEOLOGICAL SURVEY. 387 John Bland No. 1 Well Record (252). Located in New Milton District, 0.9 mile north of Blandville. Au- thority, Castle Brook Carbon Black Company. Thickness. Total. (Elevation, 855' B-A. T.) Feet. Feet. Conductor 14 14 Unrecorded 3.6 50 Coal, (Sewickley), and unrecorded 90 140 Sand (with water) and unrecorded 30 170 Sand (with water) and unrecorded 110 280 Coal, Pittsburgh? (Little Clarksburg) and unrecorded .. . 325 605 Coal, Freeport? (Bakerstown) and unrecorded 40 645 Sand, “Gas”, (I Cow Run) sand and unrecorded 315 960 Sand, Salt? (Gas and II Cow Run) sand and unrecorded. 70 1030 Salt sand (oil, 1035') and unrecorded to bottom, steel line measurement 31 1061 10" casing, 253'; 844" casing, 824'. Well starts about 100 feet below the Uniontown coal; hence, the correlations in parentheses above.* S. L. McClain No. 2 Well Record (253). Located in New Milton District, 0.6 mile northwest of Blandville Authority, Castle Brook Carbon Black Company. Thickness. Total. (Elevation, 855' B-A. T.) Feet. Feet. Cond'uctor 15 15 Unrecorded 125 140 Sand (with water) and unrecorded 365 505 Coal, (Harlem) 10 515 Unrecorded 30 545 Sand, “Gas”? (Moundsville) and unrecorded 193 738 Sand, Cow Run? (Big Dunkard) and unrecorded 112 850 Sand, Salt? (“Gas”), and unrecorded 140 990 Sand, Salt? (II Cow Run) and unrecorded 274 1264 Salt sand and unrecorded 152 1416 Maxton sand and unrecorded 59 1475 Little Lime and unrecorded 20 1495 Big Lime 84 1579 Big Injun sand (gas, 1595', 1619') and unrecorded 41 1620 Sand, “Gas"? (part of Big Injun) and unrecorded to bot- tom 64 1626J 10" casing, 150'; 844" casing, 768'; 6%" casing, 1520'. The well starts about 115 feet below the Uniontown coal bed ; hence, the Pittsburgh coal horizon belongs at about 175 feet in the well. The following is the record of a Big Injun gasser located about half way down the eastern slope of the Arches Fork anticline. The well starts 125 feet below the Washington 388 PETROLEUM AND NATURAL GAS. coal ; hence, the Pittsburgh coal horizon should come at about 375 feet in the well : A. F. Randolph No. 1 Well Record (255). Located in New Milton District, y 2 mile north of New Milton. Authority, Franklin Randolph. Thickness. Total. (Elevation, 826' L-A. T.) Feet. Feet. Conductor 22 22 Unrecorded 317 339 Coal, Pittsburgh? (Redstone) 11 350 Unrecorded 565 915 Big Dunkard sand and unrecorded 285 1200 Sand, Salt? (II Cow Run) and unrecorded 500 1700 Sand (Maxton) and unrecorded 110 1810 Big Lime 50 1860 Big Injun sand (gas, I860'; oil, 1900') 80 1940 Unrecorded 270 2210 Black slate and unrecorded 240 2450 Shell and unrecorded 3v5 2480 Sand and unrecorded 150 2630 Gordon sand and unrecorded 140 2770 Shell and unrecorded 94 2864 Northwestward at Sugarcamp the Preston Oil & Gas Company drilled a gas well (254) on the Franklin Randolph farm in December, 1902. According to information given D. B. Reger, the well had a rock pressure of 850 lbs. to the square inch. So that the gas horizon must have been below the Big Injun sand, probably in the Stray or Gordon. As mentioned above, the western border of New Milton district catches within its area a larger portion of the Stout oil field, including 55 to 60 Gordon sand oil wells east of the western boundary line of the latter district. The nine fol- lowing records, arranged roughly from north to south along this border, give interesting data as to the oil and gas hori- zons in this locality : Lewis Maxwell No. 1 Well Record (257). Located in New r Milton District, 2 miles west of Sugarcamp. Au- thority, J. E. Trainer. Thickness. Total. Feet. Feet. Conductor 40 40 Unrecorded 135 175 Pittsburgh coal 3 178 Unrecorded 402 580 WEST VIRGINIA GEOLOGICAL SURVEY. 389 Thickness. Total. Feet. Sand, Little Dunkard (I Cow Run) 50 Unrecorded 100 Sand, Big Dunkard? and unrecorded 816 Big Lime 49 Big Injun sand (gas, 1605'-1640'), unrecorded and Stray sand 678 Unrecorded to bottom 71 Feet. 630 730 1546 1595 2273 2344 Although the above log fails to record either oil or the Gordon sand, yet it was reported in the field as a Gordon oil well. Porter Maxwell No. 34 Well Record (258). Located in New Milton District, 2^4 miles south 30° west of Bland- ville. Authority, Michael Murphy. Completed Jan. 16, 1905. Thickness. Total. (Elevation, 965' B-A. T.) Feet. Feet. Unrecorded 2393 2393 Gordon sand (oil) 4 2397 Unrecorded to bottom 18 2415 “6 bbls. daily oil well in Gordon sand.” Porter Maxwell No. 31 Well Record (259). Located in New Milton District, 2% miles southwest of Sugar- camp. Authority, Michael Murphy. Completed March 7, 1904. Thickness. Total. (Elevation, 925' B-A. T.) Feet. Feet. Unrecorded 2367 2367 Gordon sand (oil) 3 2370 Unrecorded to bottom... \ 20 2390 “3 barrel daily oil well in Gordon sand.” The above record shows the Gordon sand only three feet thick on the eastern margin of this oil field, which is in harmony with the suggestion by the writer on a preceding page that the lenticular nature of the Gordon sand in this region is probably responsible for the main portion of the Stout oil pool occupying the high structural level it does. The record of the W. M. Stout No. 8 well (261), located 1.6 miles southwest from the above well, is published on page 296 of Vol. 1(A) of the State Geological reports. It reveals the absence of the Pittsburgh coal in this portion of Dodd- ridge county, as do the records of nearly all the wells in the Stout field. 390 PETROLEUM AND NATURAL GAS. J. B. Maxwell No. 2 Well Record (262). Located in New Milton District, 2 1 / 4 miles west of Market. Au- thority, South Penn Oil Company. Completed May 4, 1900. Thickness. Total. (Elevation. 1055' B-A. T.) Feet. Feet. Conductor 16 16 Unrecorded 1014 1030 Sand, Dunkard (Big Dunkard) 20 1050 Unrecorded 238 1288 Sand, Salt? (II Cow Run) 4 1392 Unrecorded 103 1495 Sand, Maxton? (Salt) 46 1541 Unrecorded 274 1815 Big Lime 65 1880 Big Injun sand 74 1954 Unrecorded 321 2275 Sand, Fifty-foot? (Gantz) 45 2320 Unrecorded 211 2531 Gordon sand .(oil) 3 2534 Unrecorded to bottom 28 2562 10" casing, 352'; casing, 1035'; 6%" casing, 1820'. The well starts 65 feet, aneroid, below the Washington coal. A dry hole — J. B. Maxwell No. 1 (263) — was drilled by the same company, 0.3 mile southeast from the above well. C. C. Pearcy No. 1 Well Record (264). Located in New Milton District, 2.3 miles west of Market, on Webley fork. Authority, South Penn Oil Company. Thickness. Total. (Elevation, 1095'B-A.T.) Feet. Feet. Conductor 16 16 Unrecorded 393 409 Sand, Bluff? (Upper Sewickley) 50 459 Unrecorded 586 1035 Sand, Little Dunkard?. . | Big Dunkard and Burning Sand, Big Dunkard j Springs sands 165 1200 Unrecorded 136 1336 Sand, Salt? (II Cow Run and Salt) (water, 1360') 142 1478 Unrecorded 22 1500 Salt sand 75 1575 Unrecorded 16 1591 Salt sand 87 1678 Unrecorded 130 1808 Maxton sand 20 1828 Unrecorded 18 1846 Little lime 25 1871 Pencil cave 10 1881 Blue Monday 22 1903 Big Lime 45 1948 Big Injun (gas, 1972'; oil, 1972'-1985') 53 2001 10" casing, 181'; 8*4" casing, 1185'; 6%" casing, 1903'. WEST VIRGINIA GEOLOGICAL SURVEY. 391 This is the only Big Injun sand oil well noted in the field in the Stout oil pool. L. W. Pearcy Heirs No. 1 Well Record (265). Located in New Milton District, 1% miles east of Kelly. Au- thority, South Penn Oil Company. Completed August 22, 1900. Thickness. Total. (Elevation, 985' B-A. T.) Feet. Feet. Unrecorded 970 970 Sand, Dunkard (Big Dunkard) 40 1010 Unrecorded 295 1305 Water sand (Salt) 80 1385 Unrecorded 465 1850 Big Lime 40 1890 Big Injun sand 90 1980 Unrecorded 145 2125 Sand, Gantz? (Squaw) 100 2225 Unrecorded 343 2568 Gordon sand (oil, 2568'-2576') 8 2576 10" casing, 379'; 8^" casing, 1020'; 6%" casing, 1850'. The well starts about 50 feet below the Washington coal. John Gribble No. 3 Well Record (266). Located in New Milton District, 1.5 miles southeast of Kelly. Au- thority, Carter Oil Company. Completed December 18, 1901. Thickness. Total. Elevation, 1135' B-A. T.) Feet. Feet. Unrecorded 800 800 Cave 540 1340 Sand, Cow Run? (Burning Springs and “Gas”) 140 1480 Unrecorded 60 1540 Sand, Salt? (II Cow Run) (water, 1580') 70 1610 Unrecorded 200 1810 Sand, Maxton? (Salt) 80 1890 Unrecorded 200 2090 Big Lime 50 2140 Big Injun sand 110 2250 Unrecorded 315 2565 Sand, Berea 33 2598 Unrecorded 172 2770 Gordon Stray sand 16 2786 Unrecorded 10 2796 Gordon sand (good oil and gas) 5 2801 Unrecorded to bottom 19 2820 The Pittsburgh coal horizon belongs at about 735 feet in the well. 392 PETROLEUM AND NATURAL GAS. John M. Gribble No. 2 Well Record (267). Located in New Milton District, 1 % miles southeast of Kelly. Authority, Carter Oil Company. Thickness. Total. (Elevation, 1100' B-A. T.) Feet. Feet. Unrecorded 1940 1940 Big Lime 37 1977 Big Injun sand 163 2140 Unrecorded 395 2535 Sand, Gantz? (50-foot) (gas in top) 4 2539 Unrecorded 101 2640 Stray sand 10 2650 Unrecorded 5 2655 Gordon sand (oil) 1 2656 Unrecorded to bottom 144 2800 The above is the record of a well located on the extreme eastern margin of the Stout oil pool. The Gordon sand is only one foot thick, illustrating in a striking manner the lenticular nature of this horizon in this region, and, as mentioned in connection with the Porter Maxwell No. 31 well (259) on Lick run, this eastward thinning of the sand prevents the oil from passing down into the Robinson Basin. Louisa (Fred) Fischer No. 3 Well Record (268) Located in New Milton District, 1.5 miles northeast of Grove. Authority, Carter Oil Company. Completed Aug. 4, 1900. Thickness. Total. Feet. Feet. Unrecorded 2010 2010 Big Lime 75 2085 Unrecorded 5 2090 Big Injun sand 115 2205 Unrecorded 522 2727 Gordon sand (oil, 2728') 4 2731 Unrecorded to bottom 232 2963 Several attempts have been made in New Milton district to find oil and gas along the Robinson Basin. At least one- half dozen dry holes have been drilled along or near the axis of this structural trough. On the northeast border of the district, the South Penn Oil Company drilled a dry hole (25G) on Redlick run, 1.2 miles eastward from New Milton, on the A. M. Greathouse farm. The following is the record of another dry hole, 1.7 miles south westward, nearly on the axis of the syncline. The well WEST VIRGINIA GEOLOGICAL SURVEY. •393 starts 20 feet below the Washington coal bed, and in this por- tion of the county, the Washington-Pittsburgh coal interval is 555 to 560 feet; hence, the coal at 530 feet appears to correlate fairly well with the Pittsburgh bed : Mary V. Dillon No. 1 Well Record (272). Located in New Milton District, 1.5 miles northwest of Avon. Authority, J. W. Wilson. Thickness. Total (Elevation, 840' L-A. T.) Feet. Feet. Unrecorded 530 530 Coal, Pittsburgh 5 535 Unrecorded 525 1060 Sand, Dunkard (Big Dunkard) 50 1110 Unrecorded 110 1220 Gas sand 30 1250 Unrecorded 75 1325 Sand, Salt (II Cow Run and Salt) 295 1620 Unrecorded 195 1815 Maxton sand (hole full of water, 1820') 20 1835 Unrecorded 55 1890 Pencil cave 10 1900 Big Lime 46 1946 Big Injun sand 100 2046 Unrecorded 94 2140 Berea Grit (Squaw) 95 2235 Unrecorded 405 2640 Gordon sand 10 2650 Unrecorded to bottom (no Fifth sand) 192 2842 One mile southeastward two dry holes were drilled ; one (273) by the South Penn Oil Company opposite the mouth of Snake run on the John W. Rymer farm; and the other (274) by the Hope Natural Gas Company in 1910 on the south hill side of .Snake run, 0.3 mile northeast from the Rymer well, on the J. M. Cox farm. Southwestward from Meathouse fork the axis of the Rob- inson syncline dips slightly, forming a shallow, canoe-shaped basin on the head of Toms fork. The records of two dry holes on the James Maxwell (271) and John Gribble (269), located near the low point of the trough, are published on- pages 296 and 298 of Vol 1(A) of the State Survey reports, and likewise in the Doddridge county table of wells, page 29 0 Four wells have been drilled in the southeastern corner of New Milton district on the headwaters of Indian fork. 394 PETROLEUM AND NATURAL GAS. three of which were failures. The two following records are from two of these wells : Jacob Cox No. 1 Well Record (275). Located in New Milton District, 1 mile northwest of Coldwater. Authority, Carter Oil Company. Completed May 9, 1899. Thickness. Total. Feet. Feet.. Unrecorded 521 521 Coal, Pittsburgh 5 526 Unrecorded 274 800 Cave 250 1056 Unrecorded 50 1100 Sand, Cow Run (Big Dunkard) 15 1115 Unrecorded 85 1200 Sand, Salt? (“Gas” and II Cow Run) 200 1400 Unrecorded 520 1920 Big Lime 75 1995 Big Injun sand 100 2095 Unrecorded 545 2640 Pencil cave 20 2660 Gordon sand 3 2663 Unrecorded to bottom 197 2860 The well starts 45 feet by hand-level below the Washing- ton coal bed, giving the Washington-Pittsburgh coal interval at 566 feet. J. C. Cumpston No. 1 Well Record (276). Located in New Milton District, % mile northwest of Coldwater. Authority, Hope Natural Gas Company. Completed in 1910. Thickness. Total. Feet. Feet. Unrecorded 2295 2295 Big Injun sand 120 2415 Unrecorded 491 2906 Gordon sand (oil) 5 2911 Unrecorded 112 3023 Fifth sand (gas) 6 3029 Unrecorded to bottom 513 3542 Although a showing of oil was encountered in the Gordon sand, and gas in the Fifth, yet the well was considered dry and abandoned. The log of the D. H. Nicholson No. 1 well (277), located x /2 mile eastward from Coldwater, is published in connection with the section for the latter place, page 86. WEST VIRGINIA GEOLOGICAL SURVEY. 395 As mentioned on a preceding page, the extreme southeast border of New Milton district just catches the northwest edge of the Fink oil pool of Lewis county. The following is the record of the only oil well drilled on the Doddridge county side W. B. Maxwell No. 1 Well Record (278). Located in New Milton District, 1*4 miles south 5° east of Cold- water. Authority, South Penn Oil Company. Thickness. Total. Feet. Feet. Unrecorded 795 795 Pittsburgh Coal 5 800 Unrecorded 440 1240 Sand, Little Dunkard (I Cow Run) 40 1280 Unrecorded 45 1825 Big Dunkard sand 35 1360 Unrecorded 218 1578 Sand, “Gas”? (II Cow Run) 42 1620 Unrecorded 70 1690 Salt sand 45 1735 Unrecorded 260 1995 Maxton sand 15 2010 Unrecorded 40 2050 Little lime 10 2060 Unrecorded 166 2226 Big Lime 72 2298 Big Injun sand 125 2423 Unrecorded 185 2608 Sand, Gantz? (Berea) (or, 2620') 42 2650 Unrecorded to bottom 3 2653 The above record was published on page 295 of Vol. 1(A) of the State Survey reports, but is republished here to correct the correlation of the oil sand, and show the close proximity of the latter to the Big Injun sand above. The identifications in parentheses are by the writer. Prospective Oil and Gas Territory, New Milton District. — A study of the foregoing records and developments in New Milton district will readily show that a large portion of its area has proved very discouraging to the oil and gas operator ; especially so along the Robinson Basin, and on the waters of Indian fork. However, there yet remains a. small acreage that is apparently favored both by geologic structure and pres- ent development. (1) That portion of the district lying im- 39.6 PETROLEUM AND NATURAL GAS. mediately along the axis of the Arches Fork anticline south- westward from Meathouse fork to the New Milton-West Un- ion district line, appears good for both Salt sand and Big In- jun gas; (2) that, southwest from Avon to the New Milton Cove district line, along the apparent structural terrace formed by the divergence of the 325 and 350-foot contours of the Pittsburgh coal bed as outlined on the economic geology map accompanying this report, appears favorable for oil in the Berea and Gordon sands, although the latter has a tendency to thin away in this region ; and (3) that, on the extreme head of Indian fork in the immediate vicinity of the W. B. Maxwell No. 1 oil well (278) in the Gantz? (Berea) sand, appears good for several more wells at the same horizon. GREENBRIER DISTRICT. Greenbrier district occupies the extreme southeastern part of Doddridge county, and adjoins both Harrison and Lewis. Its entire area lies within the Robinson Basin, but by far the greater portion lies along the east side of the axis of this structural fold. In addition to several scattered ga ff wells, it has within its boundaries two separate oil pools. One of these is in the Gordon sand and is an extension along the Robinson Basin of the same pool already described in the southeast borders of McClellan and Grant districts. The other is an extension of the Wolf Summit-Jarvisville Fifth sand oil pool of Harrison county southwestward into the re- gion of Big Isaac. Both oil pools apparently terminate to the southwestward within this district. The development will now be considered from northwest- to southeast across the district. In the extreme northwestern portion of Greenbrier, the Hope Natural Gas Company drilled a dry hole (279) on the D. A. Kelley farm. R. K. Jones of 'Salem, W. Va., drilled another well (280) of the same kind, 0.5 mile northeastward on the Hick Davis farm. Eastward in the Robinson Basin there are 60 to 70 Gor- don sand oil wells in Greenbrier district on the waters of WEST VIRGINIA GEOLOGICAL SURVEY. 397 Buffalo Calf fork and Greenbrier creek. The six following records are from wells in this region Minerva Sadler No. 1 Well Record (281). Located in Greenbrier District, 2 miles southeast of Long Run. Authority, South Penn Oil Company. Thickness. Total. (Elevation, 910' B-A. T.) Feet. Feet. Unrecorded 670 670 Coal, (Pittsburgh) and unrecorded 530 1200 Big Dunkard sand 35 1235 Unrecorded 325 1560 Salt sand 60 1620 Unrecorded 447 2067 Big Injun sand 60 2127 Unrecorded 617 2744 Stray sand 10 275^4 Unrecorded 25 2779 Gordon sand (oil) 4 2783 Unrecorded to bottom 296 3079 F. M. Williams No. 1 Well Record (282). Located in Greenbrier District, 2 y 2 miles south 70° east of Long Run Station. Authority, South Penn Oil Company. Thickness. Total. (Elevation, 945' B-A. T.) Feet. Feet. Unrecorded 1215 1215 Big Dunkard sand 20 1235 Unrecorded 310 1545 Salt sand 95 1640 Unrecorded 335 1975 Pencil cave 5 1980 Big Lime 70 2050 Big Injun sand 110 2160 Unrecorded 440 2600 Fifty-foot sand 30 2630 Unrecorded 136 2766 Stray 7 2773 Slate 19 2792 Gordon sand (oil) 7 2799 Unrecorded to bottom 6 2805 308 PETROLEUM AND NATURAL GAS. M. T. Williams No. 1 Well Record (284). Located in Greenbrier District, 1 % miles northwest of Paola. Authority, South Penn Oil Company. Thickness. Total. (Elevation, 1000' B-A. T.) Feet. Feet. Unrecorded 720 720 Coal, (Pittsburgh) 5 725 Unrecorded 525 1250 Dunkard sand 75 1325 Unrecorded 395 1720 Salt sand 160 1880 Unrecorded 140 2020 Big Lime 60 2080 Big Injun sand 80 2160 Unrecorded 430 2590 Fifty-foot sand 40 2630 Unrecorded 50 2680 Thirty-foot sand 20 2700 ■Unrecorded '85 2785 Stray sand 7 2792 Unrecorded 24 2816 Gordon sand 10 2826 Unrecorded to bottom 10 2836 M. T. Williams No. 5 Well Record (286). Located in Greenbrier District, 1 % miles west of Paola. Author- ity, South Penn Oil Company. Thickness. Total. (Elevation, 940' B-A. T.) Feet. Feet. Unrecorded 660 660 Coal, (Pittsburgh) 5 665 Unrecorded 535 1200 Dunkard sand 60 1260 Unrecorded 377 1637 Salt sand 78 1715 Unrecorded 260 1975 Big Lime 64 2039 Big Injun sand 109 2148 Unrecorded 372 2520 Fifty-foot sand 35 2555 Unrecorded 261 2716 Stray sand (gas) WEST VIRGINIA GEOLOGICAL SURVEY. 399 M. T. Williams No. 2 Well Record (287). Located in Greenbrier District, one mile west of Paola. Author- ity, South Penn Oil Company. Thickness. Total. (Elevation, 915' L-A. T.) Feet. Feet. Unrecorded 630 630 Pittsburgh coal and unrecorded 540 1170 Dunkard sand 80 1250 Unrecorded '. 380 1630 Sand, Salt (Salt and Maxton) 360 1990 Big Injun sand 90 2080 Unrecorded 415 2495 Fifty-foot sand. 20 2515 Unrecorded 75 2590 Thirty-foot sand 20 2610 Unrecorded 76 2686 Stray sand 12 2698 Unrecorded 27 2725 Gordon sand (oil) 11 2736 Unrecorded to bottom 12 2748 Charlotte Clark No. 3 Well Record (289). Located in Greenbrier District, y 2 mile west of Paola. Authority, South Penn Oil Company. Thickness. Total. (Elevation, 938' L-A. T.) Feet. Feet. Unrecorded 730 730 Coal, (Pittsburgh) 5 735 Unrecorded 515 1250 Dunkard sand 60 1310 Unrecorded 455 1765 Salt sand 85 1830 Unrecorded 200 2030 Big Lime 60 2090 Big Injun sand 120 2210 'Unrecorded 385 2595 Fifty-foot sand 15 2610 Unrecorded 158 2768 Stray sand 15 2783 Unrecorded 25 2808 Gordon sand (oil) 14 2822 Unrecorded to bottom 14 2836 The complete logs of the two following wells are pub- lished on the pages indicated of Vol. 1(A) of the State Geological reports ; also in brief in the table of wells for Dod- dridge county : 400 PETROLEUM AND NATURAL GAS. Map | | | Page of No. | Name of Well. 1 Location Vol. 1(A). 288 |Marcellus Clark No. 2... 290 |R. G. Davis No. 3 . U.l ..jl.O miles N. W. of Miletus, mile N. W. of Miletus.. 293 293 Both are located on Greenbrier creek, and produce oil from the Gordon sand. Recently a 25-barrel daily well in the Gordon sand was completed by Randolph and Ward, one mile to the south- westward of the Greenbrier creek pool on the J. J. Adams farm (297A). Another small oil well in the Gordon was drilled 1.3 miles southwest from the Adams well (297A) on Hunter fork, the record of which is as follows: J. H. Meeks No. 1 Well Record (299). Located in Greenbrier District, 1 y 2 miles southwest of Zinnia. Authority, Southern Oil Company. Completed June 24, 1902. Thickness. Total. Feet. Feet. Unrecorded 600 60ft Pittsburgh coal and unrecorded 2126 2726 Gordon sand (oil) 6 .2732 Unrecorded to bottom 10 2742 6%" casing, 2075'. The oil showing in the last two wells makes it appear that if the Greenbrier creek pool does extend southwest into New Milton district, that it passes via Avon and May, proba- bly resting upon the structural terrace as exhibited by the Pittsburgh coal contours at the last mentioned locality. Two dry holes on Hunter fork to the northwest of the Meeks well (299) shut it off in that direction, while another (300), located on the head of Hunter fork on the G. W. Burnside farm, pre- vents it passing southward. The Maxwell Heirs No. 1 well (296) is a gasser in the Big Injun, Gordon Stray, and Gor- don sands. It is located one-half mile south of Miletus, and its detailed log is published in connection with the section for Miletus, page 88. The two following records are from gas wells located higher up the structural slope on the head of Indian fork of Buckeye creek : PLATE XI. — Another view of the Stout Oil Field and Topography of the Dunkard series. WEST VIRGINIA GEOLOGICAL SURVEY. 401 Jas. Richards No. 1 Well Record (301). Located in Greenbrier District, 1 % miles south 5° east of Zinnia. Authority, Salem Natural Gas Company. Completed Sept. 27, 1909. Thickness. Total. (Elevation, 980' B-A. T.) Feet. Feet. Unrecorded 30 30 Native coal, (Washington).... 2 32 Unrecorded 48 80 Water sand 10 90 Unrecorded 538 628 Pittsburgh coal 7 635 Unrecorded 435 1070 Sand, Dunkard (I Cow Run) * 40 1110 Unrecorded 160 1270 Sand, First gas (“Gas” sand) 25 1295 Unrecorded 75 1370 Sand, Salt? (II Cow Run) (water, 1380', 2 bailers per hour) 45 1415 Unrecorded 85 1500 Salt sand 30 1530 Unrecorded 30 1560 Salt sand (water, 1675'; 7 bailers per hour) 145 1705 Unrecorded 25 1730 Maxton sand 54 1784 Unrecorded . ; 236 2020 Big Lime 55 2075 Big Injun sand 55 2130 Slate 6 2136 Squaw sand 25 2161 Unrecorded 245 2406 Berea Grit 34 2440 S'.ate and shell 10 2450 Gantz sand 85 2535 Fifty-foot sand 25 2560 Red rock 15 2575 White slate and shell 45 2620 Thirty-foot sand 20 2640 Unrecorded 37 2677 Gordon Stray sand (gas, 2678') 13 2690 Black slate 18 2708 Gordon sand (gas, 2718'. and slight show of oil in bottom of sand) 20 2728 ' Unrecorded 10 2738 Fourth sand (lime) 30 2768 Unrecorded 125 2893 Gritty lime 15 2908 Slate to bottom 21 2929 “250,000 cu. ft. of gas in Gordon Stray sand; 250,000 cu. ft. of gas in Gordon sand.” 402 PETROLEUM AND NATURAL GAS. L. C. Hickman No. 1 Well Record (302). Located in Greenbrier District, 1 % miles northeast of Zinnia. Authority, Salem Natural Gas Company. Completed Aug. 3, 1896. Thickness. Total. (Elevation, 975' B-A. T.) Feet. Feet. Unrecorded 1985 1985 Big Injun sand (half enough gas to run boiler, 2020')... 75 2060 Unrecorded 521 2581 Gordon sand (gas, 2582', 2622') and unrecorded to bot- tom 227 2808 “Present production, 500,000 cu. ft. gas daily.” During 1910 the Hope Natural Gas Company drilled the D. E. Cox (Nicholson) No. 1 well (307), located on Meat- house fork, one mile southeast from Avon, in which a show- ing of gas and oil was reported in the Gordon sand, and a gas flow in the Fourth. The following is the record of a well in the extreme southern point of Greenbrier district, in which a showing of oil was struck in the Big Injun sand. The well starts 50 feet below the Washington coal: Edgar Davisson No. 1 Well Record (308). Located in Greenbrier District, 1.2 miles east of Coldwater. Au- thority, South Penn Oil Company. Thickness. Total. (Elevation, 1005' B-A. T.) Feet. Feet. Unrecorded 960 960 Sand, Cow Run (I Cow Run) 55 1015 Unrecorded (water, 1330'-1460') 495 1510 Salt sand 165 1675 Unrecorded 185 1860 Maxton sand 15 1875 Unrecorded 70 1945 Big Lime 55 2000 Big Injun sand (oil show, 2035') 160 2160 Unrecorded 376 2536 Sand, Stray? (30-foot) 54 2590 Unrecorded 31 2621 Gordon sand 14 2635 Slate 27 2662 Unrecorded to bottom 327 2989 The two following records are from gas wells in the eastern portion of the district: WEST VIRGINIA GEOLOGICAL SURVEY. 403 L. D. Waugh No. 1 Well Record (303). Located in Greenbrier District, 1.5 miles northwest of Big Isaac. Authority, W. S. Bond. Thickness. Total. (Elevation, 1165' B-A. T.) Feet. Feet. Unrecorded 125 125 Coal, native, (Washington) 2 127 Unrecorded 263 390 Coal, (Uniontown) 7 397 Unrecorded 303 700 Coal, Pittsburgh 8 708 Unrecorded 444 1152 Sand, Little Dunkard (I Cow Run) 28 1180 Unrecorded 35 1215 Big Dunkard sand 25 1240 Unrecorded 180 1420 Gas sand 44 1464 Unrecorded 106 1570 First Salt sand 58 1628 Unrecorded 5 1633 Second Salt sand 147 1780 Unrecorded 135 1915 Maxton sand 24 1939 Unrecorded 116 2055 Pencil cave 5 2060 Big Lime 30 2090 Big Injun sand A gasser in Gordon and Fourth sands. Did not obtain the log below top of the Big Injun. J. B. Corder No. 1 Well Record (311). Located in Greenbrier District, 2 miles southwest of Big Isaac. Authority, Hoffmeier-Deegans Oil & Gas Company. Thickness. Total. (Elevation, 1040' B-A. T.) Feet. Feet. Unrecorded 552 552 Pittsburgh coal 4 556 Unrecorded 414 970 Sand, Little Dunkard (I Cow Run) 66 1036 Unrecorded 94 1130 Sand, Big Dunkard? (Burning Springs) 20 1150 Unrecorded 20 1170 Gas sand 80 1250 Unrecorded 105 1355 Sand, Salt? (II Cow Run) 20 1375 Unrecorded 23 1398 Salt sand 22 1420 Unrecorded 32 1452 Salt sand 206 1658 Unrecorded 88 1746 404 PETROLEUM AND NATURAL GAS. Thickness. Total. Feet. Feet. Maxton sand 25 1771 Unrecorded 115 1886 Little lime 14 1900 Unrecorded 20 1920 Big Lime 60 1980 Big Injun sand 106 2086 Unrecorded 49 2185 Squaw sand 55 2190 Unrecorded 130 2320 Berea Grit 25 2345 Unrecorded '. 150 2495 Thirty-foot sand 25 2520 Unrecorded 58 2578 Gordon Stray sand 31 2609 Unrecorded 10 . 2619 Gordon sand (gas pay, 2621' and 2629') 22 2641 Unrecorded 169 2810 Fifth sand to bottom 99 2909 As mentioned on a preceding page, the extreme eastern point of Greenbrier district catches a small portion of the Fifth sand oil pool of Ha'rrison county. About one dozen oil wells are included in the district. The log of one of these wells; viz., Geo. T. Richards No. 3 well (315), is published in connection with the section for Big Isaac, page 89. The following record, taken from page 293 of Vol. 1(A) of the State Geological Survey reports, shows the relation of the Fifth sand to other well known formations : William Mowry No. 1 Well Record (317). Located in Greenbrier District, % mile north of Big Isaac. Au- thority, South Penn Oil Company. Thickness. Total. (Elevation, 1190' B-A. T.) Feet. Feet. Unrecorded 700 700 Coal, Pittsburgh 4 704 Unrecorded 491 1195 Big Dunkard sand 35 1230 Unrecorded 445 1675 Salt sand 175 1850 Unrecorded 150 2000 Maxton sand 35 2035 Unrecorded 40 2075 Big Lime . p 50 2125 Big Injun sand 150 2275 _ Unrecorded 200 2475 Berea sand 15 2490 Unrecorded 110 2600 WEST VIRGINIA GEOLOGICAL SURVEY. 405 Thickness. Total. Feet. Feet. Fifty-foot sand 35 2635 Unrecorded 135 2770 Stray sand 15 2785 Unrecorded 13 2798 Gordon sand 42 2840 Unrecorded 164 3004 Fifth sand (oil) 12 3016 Unrecorded to bottom 65 3081 The above log shows the oil horizon coming 2304 feet below the top of the Pittsburgh coal bed, and 164 feet below the Gordon sand. In addition to the summarized records of the following list of wells in the Doddridge county table of wells, page 290, their detailed records are given on the pages indicated of Vol. 1(A) of the State Geological Survey reports: Map | j No. ] Name of Well. | Location. 313 |J. T. Sommerville No. 2..|0.5 mile N. E. of Big Isaac. 314 I A. D. Lawson No. 6 |0.75 mile N. E. of Big Isaac 316 |W. Mowry No. 2 j 0.9 mile N. E. of Big Isaac. Page of Vol. 1(A). 294 336 294 As mentioned on a preceding page, the Chas. Slusser No. 1 well (305), located 0.8 mile westward from Big Isaac, was the first gas well drilled in the county. Prospective Oil & Gas Territory, Greenbrier District. — As with all the other districts of Doddridge county, there yet remains a large acreage that appears to be favored both by geologic structure and present development for oil and gas. (1) That portion of the district extending in a narrow belt, *4 to 1 mile wide, northeastward from the J. H. Meeks No. 1 well (299) on Hunter fork via J. J. Adams No. 1 weil (297A) to Greenbrier creek, appears good for Gordon sand oil ; (2) that, drained by Johnson fork of Meathouse fork, and northeastward to Big Isaac creek, appears good for gas; (3) and that, drained by Hughes run, eastward from Miletus, is favorable for gas in the Big Injun and Gordon sands. 406 PETROLEUM AND NATURAL GAS. HARRISON COUNTY WELL RECORDS. The accompanying table of 435 wells for Harrison county contains the abbreviated logs of 290 borings as well as levels on most of same, along with elevations on the top of the hole and other data on 145 other wells of which the writer was unable to obtain the records at this time. As with the Dod- dridge county list, these wells have been selected from the great number drilled in the county on account of their wide distribution, and in many instances on account of some special feature associated with the well. The borings are numbered from 318 to 741, and grouped first by magisterial districts and then by oil and gas pools ; thus, Nos. 318 to 395 inclusive are located in Sardis district, and likewise, 396 to 477 are in Ten Mile district. The serial number in each instance corresponds to the map number of the same well as given on the economic geology map accompanying this report. For further parti- culars the reader is referred to the explanations preceding the table of wells for Doddridge county, page 290. Under the column headed “Owner” in the Harrison county table of well records, the following abbreviations are used : Blackstone Blackstone Oil & Gas Company. Bridgeport Bridgeport Oil & Gas Company. Burt Burt Oil Company. Carnegie Carnegie Natural Gas Company. Clarksburg Clarksburg Light & Heat Company. Clarksburg O Clarksburg Oil & Gas Company. Carter Carter Oil Company. Consolidation The Consolidation Coal Company. Crude The Crude Oil Company. Diamond The Diamond Company. Fair Ground Fair Ground Improvement Co. Fairmont & Grafton. .Fairmont & Grafton Gas Company. Fearless Fearless Oil Company. Fisher & Phila Fisher Oil Co. and Philadelphia Co. Fuel City Fuel City Oil & Gas Company. Gartlan Gartlan Drilling Company. WEST VIRGINIA GEOLOGICAL SURVEY. 407 Graselli Graselli Chemical Company. Harbert O. & G Harbert Oil & Gas Company. Hartman Hartman Oil Company. Haywood O. & G. . . .Haywood Oil & Gas Company. Hope Hope Natural Gas Company. Horner Horner Gas Supply Company. Independent Independent Oil & Gas Company. Industrial Industrial Oil & Gas Company. Kinch O. & G Kinch Oil & Gas Company. Lost Creek Lost Creek Oil & Gas Company. Lumberport . . % Lumberport Gas Company. Mandell O. & G Mandell Oil & Gas Company. Marshville Marshville Oil Company. Miller & Co Geo. E. Miller & Company. Moon O. & G Moon Oil & Gas Company. Mt. Clare Gas Mt. Clare Gas Company. Peerless Peerless Carbon Black Company. Penna. O. & G Pennsylvania Oil & Gas Company. Phila Philadelphia Company. Raven Carbon Raven Carbon Company. Realty O. & G Realty Oil & Gas Company. Reserve Reserve Gas Company. Run Smooth Run Smooth Oil & Gas Company. Southern Southern Oil Company. South Penn South Penn Oil Company. Tri-State Tri-State Gas Company. Tygart O. & G Tygart Oil & Gas Company. United States United States Oil Company. Vesper Gas Vesper Gas Company. Washington Washington Gas Company. Weston G. Co Weston Gas Company. Wheeling Wheeling Natural Gas Company. In the elevation column, the letter “B” indicates that the elevation of the top of the hole was obtained by aneroid checked with nearby U. S. G. Survey spirit level elevations; the letter “L,” by spirit level measurement. These eleva- tions are expressed in feet above tide. Depths and thicknesses of formations are given in feet. 408 PETROLEUM AND NATURAL GAS. Summarized Record of Wells in Map No. NAME OF WELL Location- District OWNER Elevation A. T. 318 Geo Wyvftl No. 1 Sardis South Penn 1460B 319 Mary Hall No. 2 Sardis South Penn. . . . , v . . . 1360B 320 O E Heldreth No 2 Sardis South Penn . . 1205B 321 E L Piggott No. 1 Sardis Southern 1590B 322 F T Rpnnett No 1 Sardis South Penn 1109L 323 Mary E Heldreth No. 1 Sardis South Penn. . 1095B 324 Mary A. Bennett No. 2 Sardis South Penn 1150B 325 E A Parrish No. 3 Sardis South Penn 1075B 326 Alva Rohinson No. 1 Sardis South Penn 1055B 327 jpssp Talkington No. 3 Sardis , South Penn 1150B 328 Malissa Kelley No. 1 Sardis South Penn 1275B 329 Ererl’k Rohinson No. 1 Sardis Hope 1170B 330 Rerij Heldreih No 1 Sardis Roland & Groves... 331 J P, Raker 1 No. 1 Sardis South Penn 1075B 332 .Tpssp Ta^ington No. 1 Sardis South Penn 333 Arena Talkington No 2 Sardis South Penn 1295B 334 W R G Hall No 5 South Penn 1220B 335 John Stout Nn 2 Saadis South Penn 1115B 336 Omar E Hall No 1 Sardis ' South Penn 1125B 337 S A Cavalier No. 4 Sardis South Penn 1150B 338 Omar E. Hall No. 3 Sardis South Penn 1 339 G W Talkington No. 11 Sardis South Penn 1125B 340 G W Talkington No. 14 Sardis South Penn 1125B 341 G W. Talkington No. 15 Sardis South Penn 1100B 342 L E Bartlett No. 1 Sardis South Penn 1050B 343 ^\Tgs]gy Robinson No. 5 Sardis South Penn 1080B 344 S N Parrish No 2 Sardis South Penn 1040B 345 F j Parrish No 1 Sardis South Penn 1015B 346 F J Parrish No. 2 Sardis South Penn 1115B 347 Woodfie 1 d-Spront No. 1 Sardis South Penn 1100B 348 O S Ritter No. 1 Sardis South Penn 349 Bates-Harbert No 1 Sardis South Penn 1041L 350 W C Lambert No 1 Sardis South Penn 1125B 351 John Hearld No. 1 Sardis Wheeling 1110L 352 B T- Rogers No 2 Sardis , Wheeling 1215B 353 Felix Uoffman No 1 Sardis Carter 1120B 354 E T> Orr No 1 Sardis South Penn 1030B 355 T C Bennett No 3 Sardis South Penn . . . 1220B 356 71 U MeTntyre No 1 Sardis South Penn 1150B 357 T G Pennelt Nn 1 . . . . Sardis South Penn 1140B 358 Henry Stewart Nn 1 Sardis South Penn | 1160B 359 Geo. Talkington Heirs No. 1 . . . Sardis South Penn ! 1165B 360 F M Gifford No 1 Sardis Benedum & Trees?.. | 1065B 361 Nathan Goff No 39 Sardis Nathan Goff [ 1053L 362 "IVTa+Ticim Gnff Nr» 45 . . . Sardis Nathan Goff I 1065B S63 Margaret McIntyre No. 2 Sardis Benedum & Trees . . [ 1020B 364 TVT K Tlnvisson No 1 840 Sardis . phila | 1065B 365 WT A Pneera No 9 Sardis South Penn | 1325B 366 E. L. Dennison No. 1 Sardis South Penn | 1015B WEST VIRGINIA GEOLOGICAL SURVEY. 409 Harrison County. PITTSBURGH COAL BIG INJUN SAND GORDON SAND 1 Total Depth PRODUCING SAND Map No. Depth (top) Elevation (top A.T. Thickness Depth (top) Thickness Depth (top) Thickness 1348 112 6 2610 90 3443 I 3462 Gordon 318 1245 115 6 2410 98 | 3318 25 3359 Gordon 319 1060 145 5 2340 90 3136 29 3166 Gordon 320 1498 92 3554 Stray 321 914 195 5 j 2185 105 | 3006 38 3067 Gordon 322 908 187 4 j 2019 93 | 2984 34 3033 Gordon 323 961 189 | 2250 105 3042 19 1 3061 Gordon 324 845 230 ii 2121 101 2930 38 2998 Gordon 325 830 225 i 2110 90 2903 27 3232 Gordon 326 974 176 5 J 2260 100 3039 30 3099 Gordon 327 930 345 1415 Moundsville 328 329 Gordon 330 J 2130 125 3240 30-ft 331 1172 5 j 2430 130 3260 30 3308 Stray and Gordon 332 1155 140 3 | 2425 120 3240 16 3256 30-ft. and Stray 333 1085 135 3 i 2275 170 3150 3240 Gordon 334 980 135 5 j 2240 110 3047 19 3070 Stray and Gordon 335 975 ! 150 5 | 2215 110 3046 20 3180 B. I., Stray and Gordon. . 336 1008 i 142 5 1 2265 1 120 3065 3091 Gordon 337 1280 7 | 2478 42 3358 19 3378 Stray and Gordon 338 950 175 5 | 2240 150 3005 27 3091 Gordon 339 925 200 4 | 2190 160 3003 30 3033 Gordon 340 898 j 202 3 | 2164 130 2979 30 3362 Gordon 341 780 1 270 | 2054 127 2854 38 2902 B I. and Gordon 342 790 | 290 5 j 2105 110 2875 45 2925 B. I. and Gordon 343 753 287 7 | 2011 131 2815 42 2902 Gordon 344 726 289 | 1970 160. . 2799 40 3236 Gordon 345 1024 91 | 2298 [ 120 3106 22 3143 Gordon 346 900 | 200 4 j 2180 2965 23 3028 Stray and Gordon 347 835 | 275 j 10 [ 2109 86 2932 30 2975 B. I., Stray and Gordon. 348 850 191 j 5 | 2110 100 2925 21 | 2977 Gordon 349 I | 2270 96 3081 19 3100 Gordon 350 860 f 250 8 I 2150 86 2955 2965 B I. and Gordon 351 920 295 6 1 103 3007 22 3034 B. Dunk., B. I., Gordon.. | 1 352 865 I 255 10 1 2180 90 2935 10 2972 Stray and Gord | 353 | Gordon 1 354 1012 208 8 | 2310 105 3094 23 3165 Gordon 355 930 220 9 2180 I 120 3006 54 3060 Stray and Gord | | 356 924 | 216 10 | 2232 100 3000 42 3083 Gordon 357 | 358 | 2334 140 3139 28 3221 Gordon 359 830 235 '-2125 120 | | 2902 20 2922 50-ft and Gordon 1 360 826.5 226.5 | 2144 92 j 2918 22 2940 Gordon 361 828 237 I 6 | 2112 98 | 2895 30 2952 Gordon j 362 700 320 | | 2010 96 | 2775 23 2811 Gordon | 363 747 318 9 I 2042 113 | 2834 41 3147 50-ft. and Gordon 364 950 ! 375 1 6 | 2260 102 | 3026 34 3060 Gordon | 365 | 1 1 366 410 PETROLEUM AND NATURAL GAS. Summarized Record of Wells in Map No. NAME OF WELL Location — District OWNER Elevation A.T. 367 Marshall Bailey No. 1 Sardis Hartman oqrm 368 Calvern Bailey No. 1 Sardis qqe-r 369 T. P. Whiteman No. 1 Sardis South Penn. y y o Jj 1 040R 370 S. T. Flanagan No. 1 Sardis Phila . . . xVuVjt» 1 1 7^R 371 Noah Harbert No. 1 Sardis Hope XX l OJD 1180B 372 E. E. S. Rogers No. 2140 Sardis Phila 1060B 373 I. L. Marsh No. 1 Sardis 374 Temple Smith No. 2107 Sardis Phila ±UUDx> 1115B 375 G. W. Kelley No. 1 Sardis Carnegie 1 1070R 376 Blackburn Smith No. 1 Sardis South Penn 1 XU 1 UJD 1050B 377 Seth Piggott No. 1 Sardis Hartman 1145B 378 Seth Piggott No. 1 Sardis South Penn 1125B 379 J. L. Swiger No. 1 Sardis Hartman 1110B 380 Sam’l Williams No. 1 Sardis Plope 1235B 381 John G. Rogers No. 1 Sardis Hope 1300B 382 W. N. Edgell No. 2147 Sardis Phila 1005B 383 H. H. Huston No. 1 Sardis Carnegie 965B 384 E. L. Haggerty No. 1 Sardis Hope 1140B 385 A. A. Swiger No. 1 Sardis Hope 1090B 386 L. S. Whiteman No. 1 Sardi s Hope 1325B 387 Wm. T. Allen No. 1 Sardis Carnegie 985B 388 Nancy Griffin No. 6 Sardis Hone 980B 389 Benj. Bramer No. 1 Sardis Hope 985B 390 W. M. Strother No. 1 Sardis South Penn 1535B 391 Thos. j. Strother No. 1 Sardis , South Penn . . . 1130B 392 O. Robinson No. 2159 Sardis , Phila 955B 393 Jas Flanagan No. 2145 Sardis Phila 1150B 394 Louisa C. Swiger No. 1 Sardis Hope 1004L £95 Clara. Fortney No. 1 Sardis Hope 965B 396 John Goodwin No. 2 Ten Mile Hope 1165B 397 John T. Goodwin No. 1 Ten Mile Hope 1075B 398 E. L. Dennison No. 1 Ten Mile South Penn 1100B 399 Jas. M. Morris No. 2 Ten Mile South Penn 1065B 400 Geo P. Nuzum No. 1 Ten Mile South Penn 1175B 401 E M Estlack No. 2 Ten Mile South Penn 1075L 402 j T D. Rogers No. 1 Ten Mile South Penn 1395B 403 | J. Lough No. 1 Ten Mile Gartlan | ! 1290B 404 I G W- Williams No. 1 Ten Mile South Penn 1026L 405 Luther Haymond No 15 Ten Mile South Penn 1 1140B 406 Luther Haymond No. 1 Ten Mile South Penn 1435B 407 Wm Hickman No. 1 Ten Mile Gartlan 1075B 408 J W Williams No. 1 Ten Mile U. S. Oil Co 1 1020B 409 J W Williams No. 2 Ten Mile IT. S Oil Co 1135B 410 ! Susan Barnes No. 5 Ten Mile South Penn | 1085B 411 1 J W Williams No. 8 Ten Mile United States 1 1018L 412 J W Williams No. 6 Ten Mile United States | 413 | A C Bailey No. 1 Ten Mile South Penn | 1345L 414 1 A J Varner No. 8 Ten Mile South Penn ] tit | 415 | A C Bailey No. 8 Ten Mile South Penn J 1145B WEST VIRGINIA GEOLOGICAL SURVEY. 411 Harrison County. — Continued. PITTSBURGH COIL BIG INJUN SAND GORDON SAND Total Depth PRODUCING SAND Map No. Depth (top) Elevation (top) A. T. Thickness Depth (top) I hickness Depth (top) Thickness 695 1660 2369 18 2742 367 1000 368 1880 150 2677 33 2963 369 400 7 2077 123 | 2856 50-ft., 30-ft., Stray, Gord. 370 753 427 1 ' 50-ft.’ . . . . 371 476 584 10 1796 100 | 2572 49 2631 30-ft., 50-ft. and 4th 372 438 567 10 1765 102 1867 B. I 373 590 525 6 1910 125 2535 R. I. and 50-ft 374 570 500 7 i 1885 113 | 2681 22 2882 50-ft. and 30-ft 375 | 376 622 523 I 1940 2750 30 2845 377 590 525 8 | 1912 80 | 2760 20 3001 Stray 378 558 552 | 1855 110 | 2717 16 3635 379 473 762 380 570 730 6 | 1900 80 ' 1988 B. I 381 290 715 15 | 1644 100 2370 (120) 2796 382 106 859 1 | 1490 94 2316 Stray and 4t.h 383 1420 70 2220 20 2465 R. T., and 5t.h 384 Max' 385 Gordon 386 ! 387 1361 Max 388 B. I 389 1 390 j 391 1270 110 2020 30 2266 30-ft nnrl 5fh 392 | 1443 95 2136 20 2602 5th 393 1256 ! 1285 B I 394 I 395 396 860 215 6 2170 130 I 2927 25 2969 50-ft. and Gord 397 | Gord On 398 825 1 240 Gordon 399 2210 60 1 3047 | 20 3210 400 2120 | 90 1 2880 | 34 I 2967 Gnvfl nn 401 1053 342 5 2350 | 100 3129 | 31 | 3160 VJUI U.UI1 Gordon 402 935 | 355 5 ! 2260 | 85 | 3005 | 33 | 3038 50-ft. and Gordon 403 I Gordon 404 905 | 235 6 2215 | 95 | 2967 | 21 1 [ 3012 Gordon 405 1215 | 220 5 2525 j 95 3299 11 3609 Stray and Gordon 406 735 | 340 | | 2810 | 10 2825 30-ft 407 710 310 2010 j || 2786 24 2810 Gordon 408 825 | 310 2115 | || 2886 21 2907 Gordon 409 770 | 315 7 2095 | || 2839 | 22 2923 Gordon 410 683 | 335 | | ii | 1 2749 20 | 2769 Gordon 411 890 1. | || 1 1 2968 | 24 2992 Stray and Gordon 412 1145 1 200 1 5 2560 j 70 | 3224 | \ !9 | 3483 Stray and Gordon 413 945 |. | 5 II 2240 | 115 3010 12 | 3023 Gordon 414 945 200 | II 1 )| 2240 | 115 | 3018 | 26 1 3044 Gordon 415 412 PETROLEUM AND NATURAL GAS. Summarized Record of Wei; Map No. 416 417 418 419 420 421 422 423 424 425 426 427 428 429 430 431 432 433 434 435 436 437 438 439 440 441 442 443 444 j 445 | 446 | 447 448 449 450 451 452 453 454 | 455 [ 456 I 457 | 458 459 f 460 461 I 462 463 I 464 I NAME OP WELL ^ThosT Williams No. 1. . James Morris No. 3. Jos. Rosier Heirs No. * 1 Eliz. Moon No. 3 ... Eliz. Moo n No. 1. . . . . " Martha Traugh No. l . . . M. V. Davisson No. 1 Location — District OWNER Ten Mile. Ten Mile. Ten Mile. Ten Mile. Ten Mile. Ten Mile. A. W. P. Flanagan No. 2 I Ten G. E. Harbert No. 1 . . . . M. Davisson No. 11 . . . . John F. Randolph No. 1 , Industrial Home No. 2.. | Industrial Home No 1 1 Ella Meek No. 1 | Homer Bartlett No. i . . ’ | Sam’l Gaines No. 2. ... . | Silas Fittro No. 1 I Silas Fittro No. 2. . . . . . . [ Patterson No. 3 ” | John Flint No. 2. . I Columbus Gain No. 1. .! | T. S. Morris No. 1 | Harriet Williams No. l! ! Chas. Lanham No. 1... | Frank Graves No. l . ' ’ .’ ’ | Chas. Lanham No. 1 . . . . I S. Fretto No. 4 D. Boughner No. 1 . .... B. H. Brown No. 13 B. H. Brown No. 12 F. M. Haney No. 1 Jesse A. Harbert No. 1.. Wilson Williams No. 1. . . J. W. Dennison No. 13... M. Dolan No. 1 Fultz Heirs No. 1092.!!.’! H. M. Turner No. 1 Copeland Heirs No. l!!!! Hiram Lynch No. 14 . ! . . ! Hiram Lynch No. 3 J* G. Dakon No. 3 Hiram Lynch No. 44 ! ! ! ! ! John Haney No. 1 * Robinson No. 1 A. D. Parr 1 No. 1 S. S. Cross No. 1. Ten Mile. Mile. Ten Mile. Ten Mile. Ten Mile. Ten Mile. Ten Mile. Ten Mile. Ten Mile. Ten Mile. Ten Mile. Ten Mile. ‘Ten Mile. Ten Mile. Ten Mile. Ten Mile. Ten Mile. Ten Mile. Ten Mile. Ten Mile. . Ten Mile. . Ten Mile. . Ten Mile. . Ten Mile. . Ten Mile. . Ten Mile. . Ten Mile. . Ten Mile. . Ten Mile. . Ten Mile. . Ten Mile. . Ten Mile. . Ten Mile. . Ten Mile. . Ten Mile. . Ten Mile. . Ten Mile. . Ten Mile. . . Ten Mile. . . Ten Mile. . . Alonzo Rhodes No. 1 Ten Mile • “• No 6 uni L_M. Fultz No. 4 1 Ten MiIe South Penn South Penn Moon Moon ! Moon Gartlan ’ ' South Penn ! ! ! South Penn Carter South Penn South Penn . ! Industrial ’ Industrial Hope South Penn !!. South Penn South Penn South Penn R. T. Lowndes Southern Southern Kinch O. & G. ......I Marshville i Kinch O. & G. . !!!’! Realty O. & G South Penn j South Penn i South Penn i South Penn f South Penn i Groves & Roland. ... I Harbert \ South Penn South Penn Hope Hope Washington Washington South Penn South Penn Independent South Penn Trainer Bros Despard et al Phila | Hope | Trainer Bros [ South Penn | South Penn Elevation A. T. 1175 1170L 1055L 1243L 1175B 1085B 1090B 1160B 1163L 1130B 1075B 1070B 1230B 1049L 1112L 1280L 1360L 1115B 1140B 1223L 1265B 1085B 1000B 965B 1005B 1365B 995B 1185B 970L 1160B 1400B 1380B 1205B 1070B 1165B 1150B 1345B 1015B 1192L 1110B 1025B 1195B 1140B 1195B 1130B 1350B 1140B WEST VIRGINIA GEOLOGICAL SURVEY. 413 Harrison County. — Continued. 860 730 938 846 310 325 305 329 780 j 305 j S60 890 960 945 918 230 200 218 212 6 li 2 li 7 II 6 II 6 'I 10 5 6 900 | 330 1010 1092 772 790 885 270 1 268 343 | 350 j. 338 I. 2200 | 2076 | 2288 | 2192 | 2135 | 2175 j 2223 2298 | 2275 I 2235 | 105 75 2916 2805 30 19 PITTSBURGH C0A1 BIG INJUN SAND ! GORDON SAND Depth (top) 967 Elevation (top) A.T. 208 Thickness ' 1 5 II Depth (top) 2260 i Thickness i 1 65 ! 1 Depth (top) 2022 i Thickness 1 £v 1 Total Depth 9n*?n PRODUCING SAND Map No. 3410 2841 88 85 110 90 107 110 67 2190 2356 2442 2137 14 144 50 92 2916 21 2847 | 17 2913 I 19 | 2968 | 2992 | 3042 [ 2984 19 20 10 8 2912 3090 3165 2851 2878 2965 178 822 150 I 815 500 | 865 195 | 800 400 785 406 | 564 648 ' 512 5 || 1920 | 80 3 || 1590 I 50 8 j| 1830 | 90 8 || 1800 j 80 I 6 || 2047 | 70 1990 j 70 I II 1900 | 50 152 | 1013 I 8 160 ' I 990 8 ! 582 610 ' 1 *8* 716 1 479 6 741 1 399 | 466 | 6 700 : 650 | 6 463 | 677 | 6 1567 103 75 2630 2327 2515 2476 2705 2690 2591 2234 2237 16 16 17 16 15 16 . . 1 . 70 40 60 43 35 30 48 20 23 || 2036 75 174 || 2130 I 1870 | 72 2589 2808 2790 20 2966 2868 2960 2990 3061 3052 2992 3378 2939 3191 3193 2888 2895 2981 8 I! 1976 j 74 | (2670 j 16'" 2665 3146 3018 ••••II | || 2060 85 l| 2739 || 2760 88 I) 2800 | l 3028 2879 2578 2610 2519 3113 2926 2856 2538 2520 2938 2521 I 27 2791 Gordon 30-ft. and Gordon, Stray and Gordon, Gordon B. I. and Gordon. . Gordon B. I., Gord. & 4th. Gordon Gordon Gordon Gordon Gordon Gordon Gordon Stray and Gordon, Gordon Gordon Max Gordon 416 417 418 419 420 421 422 423 424 425 426 427 428 429 430 431 432 433 434 435 436 437 438 439 Gordon 440 Gordon i 444 5th 442 5th 5th 5th Gordon Gordon and Fifth .... Fifth Fifth Fifth Fifth Max., B. I. and 5th. . 5th 5th Gordon and 5th Gordon B. I. and Gordon Gordon, 4th and 5th. Max Gordon 5th 5th 443 444 445 446 447 448 449 450 451 452 453 454 455 456 457 458 459 460 461 462 463 464 414 PETROLEUM AND NATURAL GAS. Summarized Record of Wells in Map No NAME OF WELL Location- District OWNER Elevation A. T. 465 G. W. Albright No. 1 Ten Mile South Penn 1350B 466 G. W Albright No. 2 Ten Mile South Penn 1310B 467 G. W. Albright No. 3 Ten Mile South Penn 1350B 468 Sanford Nuznm No. 1 Ten Mile ’ South Penn 1105B 469 Dorothy Young No. 1 Ten Mile Fearless 1145B 470 L. E. Stout No. 1 Ten Mile , Hope 471 Wm. Jarvis No. 1 Ten Mile Hope 1030L 472 G Payne No. 6 Ten Mile , South Penn 1050B 473 G. Payne No 10 Ten Mile } South Penn 1069L 474 G. Payne No. 3 Ten Mile South Penn 1260B 475 G. Payne No. 2 Ten Mile South Penn 1150B 476 Leeman Maxwell No. 1 Ten Mile Southern 1130B 477 S. Nutter No. 1 Ten Mile , Southern 1130L 478 L. E. Ash No. 159 Union * ■Rpserve 1140B 479 M W Smith No 1 Union Reserve 11 2 0B 480 Sanford Fleming No. 1 Union. ... Reserve 1200B 481 L Lanham No 1 Union Reserve 1210B 482 F M. Davis No. 1 Union Reserve 1095B 483 Edw Maxwell No. 1 Union Reserve 1155B 484 | | W. B. Maxwell No. 2005 Union Phila | 1017L 485 1 Lee Maxwell No. 1 Union Reserve | 990B 1 486 Dr. E. E. Edgell No. 1 Union Hope ? | 980B 487 G. W. Wolf No. 1 Union United States 1055B 488 | Harvey Heffner No 2038 Union Phila . 1175B 489 ] T. S. Wright No. 277 Union Reserve 1045B 490 [ Wirt Post No 1 Union Reserve 1090B 491 i W. W. Post No. 1. . Union Reserve 1075B 492 | Earl Post No. 1 Union Hope 1195B 493 Beckwith Bice No 1 Union Hope 1200B 494 Nanov Nioholson No 1979 Union Phila 1155B 495 I C Bennett No 1 Union Washington 1160B 496 "W B Brown No 1588 Union Hope 1170B 497 Harriet Stutler No 1 Union Reserve 1020B 498 Jacob McConkey No 1 Union Hope 985B 499 W. S. Burnside No. 1 Union Hood "White 1006L 500 W S Burnside No 1 Union Hope 1015L 501 Wm Gaston No 1 • Union Hope 1090B 502 Loretta Finlev Heirs No 1 Union Crude 1335B 503 Chas W Rhodes No 1 Union Reserve 1020B 504 C C Tallman No 1 Union South Penn 994L 505 Austin Hardway No 1 Union Hope 1080B 506 Arthur Rhodes No 2 Union Hope 1000B 507 | Stephen Bennett No 2.« Union , South Penn 1330B 508 | Edith Starkey No. 1 Union South Penn 1145B 509 1 L .T Ayerp No 1 Union South Penn 1410B 510 | Abram Coffindaffer No. 2 Union South Penn 1380B 511 | Abram Coffindaffer No. 3 Union South Penn 1140B 512 I A Mathey No. 3 Union South Penn 1105L 513 | TP TVT "Rsnlpv No 1 Union South Ppuu 1135B WEST VIRGINIA GEOLOGICAL SURVEY. 415 Harrison County. — Continued. PITTSBURGH COAL BIG INJUN SAND GORDON SAND Total Depth Depth (top) Elevation (top) A. T Thickness Depth (top) Thickness Depth (top) Thickness 696 654 7 2135 65 2840 3039 695 615 | 7 2098 77 2784 31 3009 750 600 8 2190 50 2855 45 3061 640 505 1 2030 110 2723 32 j 2950 325 745 1 1755 80 2425 2660 503 757 8 1958 | 47 | 2600 2839 490 660 1900 | 2620 34 OQfiQ 650 480 | 2730 Li yuy 680 450 1 i | 2765 ouuv 2980 1487 | 87 | | 2220 10 ' 1435 | 120 j | 2190 30 2618 ! II 1 1400 | 110 | 2093 52 2342 i 1285 | 100 | 1825 | 1300 | 200 0 i 1530 120 1 Li‘±K)[J 1 94QQ 1 1333 102 1 1683 ! ...... 179 1021 | 5 1 230 I 925 1 5 II 1686 | 70 | 2310 j 44 2583 220 940 1 6 II 1692 | 97 2315 74 | 2561 137 [ 1033 | 1! 1696 | 104 || 2341 32 | 2513 43 || 2160 1 * 1 . J | 80 II 2292 20 | 2429J L 1 ! 90 || 2100 35 2385 116 II 1538 1 u II 332 I 813 | [| 1787 |. | 2430 20 2677 755 | 655 I 6 || 2200 | 80 . |. 3056 685 1 695 | 5 | 2142 | 58 | 2795 | 40 3003 458 | 682 • 5 || 1900 | 100 | 2550 45 2783 487 | 618 | 5 || 1915 | 103 | 2575 | 35. 2814 645 | 490 | 7 II- 1- 1 2720 | 35 3018 PRODUCING SAND Map No. Stray, Gord. and 5th Stray and 5th 5 th 5th 5 th Stray and 5th 5th ... 5th Gordon 5th ... Gordon Max. and Gordon 30-ft. and 5th 30-ft 30-ft. and 5th 30-ft. and 5th B. I. and 30-ft 50-ft B. I. and Gantz Max Gor'd. and 5th Gord. and 5th Gantz, 50-ft. & 5th 5th 50-ft .'''I' B. Lm Gantz, Stray and 5th. . . . Gantz 5th 5th Stray and 5th 5th 5th 5th 465 466 467 468 469 [ 470 | 471 472 473 474 I 475 I 476 477 478 479 480 481 482 483 484 485 486 487 488 489 490 491 492 493 494 495 496 497 498 499 500 501 502 503 504 505 506 507 508 509 510 511 512 513 416 PETROLEUM AND NATURAL GAS. Summarized Record of Wells in Map No NAME OF WELL Location — District OWNER Elevation A. T. 014 A. Mathey No. 6 Stephen Myers No. 1 Union .1 South Penn 1345B 1255B olo Union Soilfli Ppmi 516 E. J. Marsh No. 1 Union. . . . ^ u til x Cilu. . . t t Hope 517 Walter S. Fairs No. 1 Union South Penn 1225B 1120B 1090B 1041L 1135B 1053L 1390B 1065B 1075B 1050B 518 Frank C. Curry No. 1 Union South Ppti n 519 Jos. M. Campbell No. 1 Union Hope 520 Thos. J. McKinley No. 2 Union , South Penn 521 Thos. J. McKinley No. 1 Union Soufh Penn 522 J. M. Hall No. 1 Union South Ppith 523 Crocker-Hall No. 1 Union OUUII1 x tJUIl T? pupwo 524 H. A. Hall No. 1 Union. . HCOCI V tJ , , , Q n n Vi T^Arvn 525 W. L. Hall No. 3 Union. . . ouuji renn TD/-vyi 526 Rush Moffet No. (1) Union ouuiii renn Soiitli Ponu 527 Isaac Carder No. 2 Union. . . . OLJ U til JT tJUIl 1235B 1275B 1170B 528 Henry Nutter No. 1 Union 529 Mollie Marts No. 1 Union Sniltll Dn-n v-| 530 Z. W. Morris No. 1 Union. . . ou li in _l enn ••••••••, 1100B 1065B 1125B 531 Emily F. Coffindaffer No. 1... Union Hope 532 | H. S. Davis No. 1 Eagle Smith TJatvh 533 | Simon S. Shriver No. 2 Eagle ouuiii renn Smith Pprm 1140B 1 1 Q AT) 534 535 (J. E. Copenhaver No. 1)?.... Eagle ovj u tii r South Penn... lloOB (1160B) 1025B 1030B 1065B 1335B "1 O A AT Serena Wyer No. 1 Eagle . South Pprin 536 Loretta Morris No. 1... Eagle kjUUlil L dill ••••••••• South Pprin 537 (O. Hawker) I. Moore No. 1. . . Eagle Carnegie .... 538 Nancy Rogers No. 2 Eagle Smith Ppnn 539 Sarah Baker No. 1 Eagle OUU.111 JTdlll . •••••••, Smith Pati v» 540 Acena Copenhaver 1 No. 1. Eagle ouuui x turn South Ppnn loOOJu 1135B 1105B 541 C. L. Starkey No. 1 . . Eagle UV/ULli X cim Smith Ponn 542 Enoch Starkey No. 2 Eagle uuuiii rcllll. South Ppnn I 543 H. S. Davis No. 1 Eagle kJvulli JT dill Carnegie [ South Penn 1 Smith Pprm f 1270B 1010B 1013L 1005L 995B 985B 985B 980B 544 545 Dan’l F. Cunningham No. 1 . . . . W. P. Mason No. 1 Eagle Eagle 546 W. P. Mason core test Eagle k>uuiii renn T V Thnmncinn 547 | A. P. Mason No. 1 Eagle *-> • v . x iiuiiipouil Burt 548 | John R. Mason No. 1 Eagle Burt 549 Isaac Hess No. 1 Eagle Hope 550 j W. A. Rusk No. 1 Eagle Fa rnpp-i p 551 B. F. Griffin No. 1 Eagle v> caj a ••••••••••• Carnegie 552 1 Dan’l E. Shaw No. 1 Eagle Ca rn p?i p 1285B 1150B 1010B 1170B 1360B 1445B 980B 1190L 10 5 OB 1070B 1210B 553 | Ellsworth Ogden No. 1 Eagle Eagle Hope 554 Thos. Hawker No. 1... Hope 555 [ Odell V. Ashcraft No. 2117 Eagle Phila 556 | Chas. Ashcraft No. 1 Eagle Hope 557 | L. A. Martin No. 1 Eagle Hope 558 | Wm. Hardesty No. 1 Eagle Phila 559 Wm. Chalfant No. 1878... Eagle Phi^a 560 1 Jas. A. Robinson No. 1 Eagle South Penn 561 | Geo. Coffman No. 1 Eagle Eagle Hope 9 562 J Luther Coffman No. 1 Hope 1 WEST VIRGINIA GEOLOGICAL SURVEY. 417 Harrison County. — Continued. PITTSBURGH COAL BIG INJUR SAND GORDON SAND Total Depth PRODUCING SAND Map No Depth (topi Elevation (top) A. T. Thickness Thickness Depth (top) Thickness 1 740 728 605 527 6 li 2225 | 55 7 ij 2170 | 110 II 1 ' 2802 2787 Stray 514 515 516 517 518 519 520 521 522 523 524 525 526 527 528 529 530 531 532 533 534 535 536 537 538 539 540 541 542 543 544 545 546 547 548 549 550 551 552 553 554 555 556 557 558 559 560 561 562 | 2785 7 | 1 Stray Gord., Stray, 4th 1 1920 | 105 ! 1780 120 I | 2520 2390 68 jj 62 || . II 2840 2650 j Stray Gord. and 5th 5th | | | 5th 605 785 5 | 2095 | 125 j 1635 | 147 | |. . . | 2700 2218 40 jj 92 || II ! 2922 2462 5th, Stray, Gordon 30-ft. and 5th | 1752 j 96 | | | 2370 ! 51 || || 2576 5th | | | 5th | || Stray and 5th |'| 1976 | 143 1 1 | 2557 26 || II 2598 Gordon B. I II 1 865 ' 860 ! 1080 595 ! 275 | ! 300 ! 1 (80) ' 430 1 5 5 5 i 6 '|j 2150 | 109 II 2125 | 115 II 2345 | 100 || 1913 | 125 II 1820 I 36 II 1918 | 142 |j 2219 | 147 |j 2170 ! 145 II 1 | 2988 | 2954 | 3160 P 2742 || 2691 II 44 || 28 i 40 1 19 | II | 3012 3026 3237 2789 3060 2640 3060 3290 1604 3006 3230 2240 ] 3372 Gordon Gordon Gordon 30-ft Stray 617 924 858 750 770 1079 860 782 ! 448 | 1 411 1 442 C 385 | 335 1 410 6 1 6 i 4 1 5 ! 6 1 3 i 5 30-ft || 3049 |i 2987 11 6 1 7 I I | Stray II Cow Run '1 2050 | 120 || 2876 || 2363 | 117 || 3178 'I 9990 1 II i 39 1 39 | i i 50-ft. and Gordon Gordon B. I T 228 1 5 1 1 II 2070 I 110 || 2866 100 1 II 1 II 1 Gordon I I |i I | 1 1 .11 II 1 . 250 | 745 175 j 810 ! '! 1565 ( 100 [j 2418 | 16 II . 1 II 1 1 2434 Gordon 1 | | || | 485 1 670 ! 615 f 1 1 ! 10 jj 1800 1 150 || | 1 8 11 1961 ! 135 [| 2807 | 33 ‘j 1615 I 105 [| 2423 | 27 . . [| | |j... | 2491 2986 2795 50-ft. and 30-ft B. I. and 50-ft 50-ft., 30-ft., 4th 280 ’ 890 8 !| 1665 ' 125 || 2470 | 15 II | || | 2716 B. I. and 5th • *1* 1 . . ,|| |. .... || | i ..... l| | || | | 1 1 II 1 II .1 B. I J j 1324 ! 44 || ( I 1383 B I I l 1 1 li i ii I II 418 PETROLEUM AND NATURAL GAS. Summarized Record of Wells in Map No. NAME OF WELL Location- District OWNER Elevation A.T. 563 .J. B. Cunningham No. 1 Eagle Fairmont 1000B 564 James Coffman No. 1 Eagle Phila 1085B 565 Harriet A. Michael No 2342.. Eagle Phila 1160B 566 Lemuel Heldreth No 1 Eagle Carnegie 1180B 567 Sylvester Lyons No 1 . . Eagle Hope? 1070B 568 B. F. Heldreth No. 1 Eagle Carnegie 1080B 569 J. A. Harbert No. 2142 Eagle Phila 1025B 570 Fffie M Mason Ne 1 Eagle Hope 1190B 571 .Ten nip Martin No 1 Eagle Carnegie 1065B 572 B. F Rogers No. 1788 Eagle Phila 1005B 573 Tda. M. Hustead Nn 1 Eagle Hope 1145B 574 ,T Allen Swigej* No 1 Eagle Wheeling ’ 1050B 575 R. M Rogers No 2293 Eagle Phila 1005B 576 Eagle Hope 1165B 577 Eagle Hope 930B 578 Eagle Phila 1010B 579 F L. Rohpy Nn 1 Eagle Carnegie 985B 580 E L Coffman No 2362 Eagle Phila 1195B 581 T.pp FO£?' 2 , 'PSa Nn 4 Eagle Carnegie 1075B 582 1 •UvggUOfe 1XU. t: 1 Ellis Fortnev No 1 Eagle Lumberport 975L 583 -L l iilUj' U. _L. ••••••••.. Flptphpr Pnhin cnn \Ta 1 Eagle Lumberport 985B 584 1 iClvllCl XV X/ UlIloUIl 1NU. X Thos E Harhprt No 1 Eagle TTopp 985B 585 1YT Til onH PI ri TTpitViutyi \Ta "| Eagle Hope 1130L 586 ivx. xu. dll XI Jjj. vjr. JLXtJllIldlll 1>U, i. Thpodorp l\To 1 Eagle TTopp f 1120L 587 -L 1ICUUU1 C 1>IU, X. • • • • • Horner Hdw Co No 1 Eagle Lumberport 920B 588 pa rnli r»P Mathpwc ISJn 1 Fagle Horner 930B 589 e'en UlllltJ lVXdLllt/Wo i> U, X. • • • • • Ben Mathers No 1 Eagle Hope 1295B 590 Ellis Fortney No 1 Eagle Hope 1070B 591 J H Towles No 1 Eagle Haywood O. G 990B 592 V B Osden No 1 Eagle South Penn 935B 593 V B Ogden No 2 Eagle South Penn 965B 594 Curtis Ashcraft No 1 Eagle Lumberport 980B 595 Jas Lyons Heirs No 1 Eagle Hope 1030B 596 Frank Revnolds No 1 Eagle Hope *. . 1020B 597 Howard (Torp No 1 Eagle O C Bradley 1265B 598 p' T riniTYimnnH Ma 1 PCI O n p ctI p Hope 1050B 599 r , . ui u ill ill U 11 XL 1NU. XOXa Virginia B Kile No 1 Eagle Hope 1191L 600 | Lindsay Jett No 1 Clay Carnegie 1110B 601 | Frank Booher No 1 Clay . Hope 1145B 602 | O. C Martin No 1 Clay . . South Penn 1095B 603 Opo W Mil’an No 1 Clay Carnegie 1 1297L 604 1 Spvmonr S^ark No 1 Clay Phila 1 1115B 604A | Lucas Bros No 1 Clay phila | -935B 605 | Chas Short No 1 Cla v I 1035B 605A Lucas Bros. No 4 Clay Phila | 900B 606 Morris Tegard No 1 Clay ] 1363L 607 Hood Bros No 1 Clay Hope 1 910B 608 I B. W Shinn No 1 C’av | 1040B 609 1 John F. Sturms Heirs No. 1. . . 1 C 7 av Carnesie j 1055B WEST VIRGINIA GEOLOGICAL SURVEY. 419 Harrison County. — Continued. PITTSBURGH COIL BIG INJUN SAND GORDON SAND Total Depth PRODUCING SAND Map No. Depth (top) Elevation M Thickness Depth (top) Thickness Depth (top) Thickness (—10) 97 562 670 1010 988 598 510 6 1365 1516 1898 1997 124 42 2189 11 j 2376 i 2808 | 2010 ! 3172 | ; 30-ft. and Gold ! B. I., Berea and Fifth... B. I 563~ 564 565 566 567 | 568 | 56§ 570 571 1 572 | 573 j 574 ( 575 1 576 1 577 [ 578 579 580 581 582 583 584 585 586 587 1 588 [ 589 | 590 591 592 593 594 595 596 597 598 599 600 601 602 603 604 604A 605 605A 606 607 608 609 146 2785 28 | 1 340 185 740 840 5 i ^ | 1660 | 1539 ! 1695 1 1 • - B. I 76 2283 17 B. I., 30-ft., Gord. & 5th. 118 947 6 | 1465 | 1305 110 100 2220 2106 55 | 24 1 2387 2130 4th B. I. and Gord 25 1025 1 | 1382 100 [ 2369 ! . . B. I and 5th 90 1145 B. I. and Gord •••••• 1 1285 ! 1304 1467 1315 | 1225 | 1245 | 1 1 80 104 68 85 | 100 75 [ 1 2082 2098 27 22 | 2328J | 2422 2105 [ 2332 j 2293 2317 B. I., Gord. and 5th B. I., 50-ft., 4th & 5th... B. I., 30-ft. & Gord 1 (—93)|(1068) 1 | 1 1 1 1 I::::::! ; | 2120 2070 1995 1 40 [ 20 55 | | B. I., 4th & 5th B. I., Gord. & 5th B. I., Gord., 50-ft. & 5th. 1 1 1 1 1 ! 1 1 | | | | | I ' i 1 1 i | | 1310 j | 1348 | i i 85 j 112 ; j 2110 ' 2170 25 I 30 | 2278 2358 Gord. and 5th B. I., Gord. & 5th | B. I. and 4th I — 1 i | 1390 | 1405 ! 90 1 mo i 2265 2265 2217 4th | 1 | 2160 2178 25 i | 1 1 i | | 1 j 208 | 1057 6 1621 | 109 | | | 2375 | 12 2478 4th | ’ 1570 [ 115 [ 1 ’ 2330 70 ! 2409 30-ft. and 4th.. B T. and Gord .... | j| ! 1675 j 45 j 1814 | 106 | 1510 I 60 1 1421 | 50 | 2458 2600 25 20 2559 2832 2561 4th 394 | 903 107 | 1008 6 ! 11 ! 5th 50-ft. and 4th B I 1 1392 | 2120 i 50-ft and 4th :::::: ■R T 82 | 973 7 1506 1 I 1545 B. I ' Map No. W“ 611 612 613 614 615 616 617 618 619 620 621 622 623 624 625 626 627 628 629 630 631 632 633 634 635 636 637 638 639 640 641 642 643 644 645 646 647 648 648. 649 650 651 652 653 654 655 655. 656 420 PETROLEUM AND NATURAL GAS. Summarized Record of Wells in NAME OP WELL Location — District OWNER Elevation A.T. Cr. Tj Hardpsty No 7. . . Clay Fisher & Phila 1085B Rtnnpwall MrTntyrP N<"> 1 Clay South Penn Clay South Penn 995B Clay South Penn 1125B R R Hardpsty No 1 Clay Hope 1170B E M Sapp Nn 1 . . Clay South Penn 1165B Clay 985B Clay Benedum & Trees . . PI PL Swigpr No. 2316 Clay Phila 1125B PL ,T. Whilom an No 2 Clay South Penn 1090B T B Marlin No 3 Clay South Penn 1085B S L Vincent No. 5 , Clay South Penn 1085B A W TTartloy PToirp No 1 . . Clay South Penn 1390B A W- Ha.ytlpy Hoirs No 3. . . . Clay South Penn 1515B E. W. Thompson No. 1 Blackstone Wm. M. Gray No. 1 Run Smooth 1385B Ram’l Sonthorn No 1 Clay Tygart O. & G 1125B J R Bartlett No 1 Clay South Penn 1156L Dora (J. R.) Bartlett No. 1. . . Cl a v South Penn Geo. Rinehart No 1 vidj . • . Cla v South Penn 1140B Nimshi Niiznm No. 4 oiaj • . . . Clav Miller & Co 1165B Nimshi Nuzum No. 1 Cla v Miller & Co 1170B .Tos Ashr.raft No 1 v/iaj Clav Phila 1115B R L Reed No 1 viaj tTjivlnr P.n ) South Penn 954L J. F. (Frank M.) Holt No. 1. . . \ JL CXj j lUi \J\J • j • • • (Taylor Co.) . . . Dugan et al 980B Davis Heirs No 1 ( Mari on Co 1 Fitch et al 1156L H. E. Swiger No. 1 ^lvial lull vjv • ) . . • Clay South Penn 1085B Wm Fancher No. 1 Clay South Penn 1075B J. L. Bice No 1 (Marion Co.) . . . Gillespie et al 1020B Geo. Martin ( j. H. Willis) No. 1 1 (Taylor Co.) . . . 1030B Nettie Chalfant No. 1 Clay South Penn 1110B Rosa Radabaugh core test. . . . | clav T N. Sands 1310B G. W. Southern core test | Clay T. N. Sands Sam’l A Elliott No. 1 Clay South Penn 1030B Abraham Right.er No. 1 Clay /. . . . Righter et al 985B L D Jarvis Heirs No 1 Clay Benedum & Trees. . . 1095B H H Bine No 1 ! ciay 1160L H H Bine pore test Clay Consolidation 1080B Silas Ogden No 1 Clay Mandell O. & G 1040B Blither Harhert No 1 Clay Phila 900B Hugh Martin No 1 Clay Hope 920B Emma T.vons No 1 Coal.' Hope Bovd Allen No 1 Coal Hope 1190B John Q McIntyre No 1 Coal Hope 975B Consolidation Coal Co No 1 i Coal Consolidation 1035B \J W 11 OUliUCl HU 11 VJ UCL1 VJU, i.’l W. JL . . Mordeeai Smith No 1 Coal Hope 1105B Moses Tiehenall No 1 Coal Clarksburg 925B Smith P,o1p No 1 | Coal Penna O & G 1 Sam’l Williams No. 2 I Coal Hope 1145B WEST VIRGINIA GEOLOGICAL SURVEY. 421 Harrison County. — Continued. PITTSBURGH COAL Depth (topi. Elevation : ft! ..100 ; 085 Thickness 148 1022 60 1065 •••I 440 | 1075 170 | 235 | 1150 135 | | 40 1125 60 | 1110B BIG INJUN SAND Depth (top) 1439 1627 1611 7 1545 153 1510 | 120 | Thicknees 104 110 82 GORDON SAND Depth (top) 2050 2215 Thickness 10 35 ... | 1505 I 115 ...|| 1825 | 150 6 || 1910 | 100 0 jj 1672 7 II 1731 || 1675 ....|| 1480 10 || 1554 ....|| 1553 1| 1510 ....|| 1670 180 126 169 115 911 825 )(1035) 40 1065B 1415 90 125 106 105 170 110 85 1340 | 100 || 1400 | 96 10 || 5 || 1555 |j 1357 2500 20 2150 | 25 Total Depth 2069 2506' 2252 | 2020 | 2064 1 2828 2539 2258 | 2310 2205 2112 2142 2164 2175 2294 2074 (1300) | 2860 2080 | 25 110 75 2104 | 1383 | 120 j 2112 I ] II I II | | 1300 | 111 I | 1355 I 110 | I 1426 | || | 25 13 2672 745 2697 2353 2396 2305 2364 PRODUCING SAND 50-ft Bayard? 50-ft ... 50-ft ... 50-ft ... 50-ft 50-ft 50-ft 50-ft B. I. and 50-ft. B. I. and 50ft. . 50-ft 50-ft 50-ft 50-ft 50-ft 50-ft 50-ft B. I., 50-ft. B. I 50-ft & 6th, Stray and and 6th. 5th. 5th 5th 50-ft. and 5th. Map 610 611 612 613 614 615 616 617 618 619 620 621 622 623 624 625 626 627 628 629 630 631 632 633 634 635 636 637 638 639 640 641 642 643 644 645 646 647 648 648A 649 650 651 652 653 654 B. I. and 5th | 655 50-ft. and 5th [ 655A 50-ft 656 PETROLEUM AND NATURAL GAS. 422 Summarized Record of Wells in Map No. NAME OF WELL Location- District j OWNER i Elevation A.T. 657 S FI Hamriek No 1145 Coal Hope 1135B 658 T F Gifford No 2102 Coal Phila 1405B 659 .T TV Rrnwn No. 1 Coal Diamond 1025B 660 fl M Long No. 1 Coal Hope 1225B 661 Thos Reynolds No. 1 Coal Washington 1060B 662 Coal Reserve 1025B 663 Coal Penna. O. & G 1080B 663A Coal Penna. O. & G 664 Coal 1075 665 R. W. Goon No 1 Coal Mandell O. & G 985L 666 N. M. Talbott Coal Mandell 0. & G 1000B 667 Coal Thos. Gartlan 1025B 668 Dir.k Smith No 1 Coal Mandell O. & G 950B 669 R. F Revrmldc Nn 9 Clark Reserve 1150B 670 Hattie Porter No 1 Clark Peerless 1050B 671 Clark Reserve 990B 672 Clark Reserve 1145B 673 Nathan Goff Nn ( \ Clark Nathan Goff 990B 674 Wm AsVipraft "NTn 1 Clark Phila 955B 675 » * 111* dll 1\U. 1 •••«»• t • • • Monticello Brick Co. No. 1 Clark Fuel City 960L 676 John Cost No 1 Clark/ Graselli 1030B 677 Frank TiOnp" "Mn 1 Clark Hope . . .* 678 i l dll xv JUUllg iM U. JL • *•••• W f-r Kpcitpr IMo 1 Clark Graselli 995B 679 vv • vJ. IlCoLul 1NU. 1 Fair Ground Imp. Co. No. 1... Clark Fair 1 Ground 975B 680 Aneeline Ash No 1 Clark Clarksburg 960B 681 X3 -- Ll v^ll 11 21oil flpn P npRom' n o* "\T 1 Clark Geo. Corpening 1075B 682 vJCU. X Li, V^UI jJtJillJLlg 1M). _1_ , Morgan R T ,nrl p*o l\Jn 9 Simpson South Penn 683 lviUi feall XV. LiUUgt! 1NU. , Morp'ari R XTn 1 Simpson South Penn 990L 684 iriui gall XV. XjUUgc U. 1 •••••• . John Nnyum No 1 Simpson Hope 1110B 685 O villi i.Aj Ll-Zi Villi li U • X........... J. R. Stout No. 1 Simpson Bridgeport 1160B 686 J*esse H Willis No 1 Simpson Clarksburg Co 1050B 687 Miss C. N Johnson No 1 Simpson Bridgeport 688 Jess© H Willis No 3 Simpson Bridgeport 988L 689 Bridgeport Saw. & P. M. No. 1 Simpson Bridgeport 970B 690 J B Sandusky core test Simpson. ...... Payne & Brady 975B 691 W Frank Stout No 1 Simpson Hope 1160B 692 J. M Carr No. 1 Simpson Clarksburg Co 1055B 693 Benedum Heirs No 1 Simpson Reserve (1040B) 694 Jas. Smith No. 1 Simpson South Penn 1010L 695 Hampton Lang No 1 Simpson Hope 696 Strother Stout No. 1 Simpson Hope 990B 697 Chas. J. Rov No 1 Simpson Hope 1010B 698 L. L. Long No. 1 Simpson South Penn 1020B 698A ! J. G. Bender No. 1 Simpson Tri-State 1030B 699 | Geo. Lancaster No. 1 Simpson Hope 1365B 700 j Beech Heirs No. 1 Grant Hope 1010B 701 1 Claude Davisson No. 1 Grant. . Weston G. Co 996L 702 | Lucius Davis No. 1 Gra n t. Mt. Clare Gas 1100B 703 Isaac Watson No. 1 Grant 1155B 704 1 Levi Paugh No. 1352 Grant , Hope 1176L WEST VIRGINIA GEOLOGICAL SURVEY. 423 Harrison County. — Continued. PITTSBURGH COAL Depth (top) 0 251 Elevation (top) A. T 1130 1154 Thickness 42 BIG INJUN SAND Depth (top) 1419 1670 1665 100 1310 | 100 Thickness 111 105 1360 240 1460 1480 1435 |! 1240 I 1260 110 105 GORDON SAND Depth (top) 2378 2002 Thickness 47 18 105 150 60 || 1350 | 110 1447 | 78 1420 | 105 1470 1340 1270 1385 1285 1285 1187 ff 1280 100 65 130 120 2115 | 45 2130 | 35 2120 1943 2022 1980 25 15 20 Total Depth PRODUCING SAND Uap 2427 2655 2455 2265 25 2180 ! 12 2065 | 25 1975 | 15 2087 90 113 70 1323 ! | 1371 | 54 | 1247 I 63 | 1365 j 105 | 1462 | 96 I 1410 I 95 8 ! •••I 2034 2460 2523 2517 2502 2229 2242 2325 2506 2389 2471 2520 2540 2475 2242 2310 | 2222 j 2222 1895 15 1792 2525 4028 3371 4th and 5th B. I., 50-ft. 30-ft. & 4th.. Gordon 5th ... B. I. and 50-ft. 6th 6th 5th B. I., Gord. & 6th. B. I Gord. and 5th, B. I. Gnz. and 5th 50-ft. B. I Maxton Salt, 50-ft. & 6th. 6th B. I. and 30-ft. B. I Dry Hole. 2400 2315 5th 5th 657 658 659 660 661 662 663 663A 664 665 666 667 668 669 670 671 672 673 674 675 676 677 678 679 680 681 682 683 684 685 686 687 688 689 690 691 692 693 694 695 | 696: | 697 | 69S | 698A 699 700 I 701 ' 702 703 704 424 PETROLEUM AND NATURAL GAS. Summarized Record of Wells in Map No NAME OF WELL Location— District OWNER Elevation A. T. 705 Seven Day Baptist No. 1 Grant Lost Creek 1070L 1020B 1055B 1290B 1145B 1095B 1125B 1170B 1092L 1222L 1550B 1180B 1080B 1145B 1155B 1185B 1330B 1160B 1015B 1245 1033L 706 Seven Day Baptist No. 1 Grant Penna. O. & G 707 Chas. Post No. 1 Grant Hope . . . 708 Ed Conley No. 1 Grant Hope 708 A C S. Gribble No. 1 Grant Lost Creek 709 Levi Davis No. 1 Grant Hope 710 Adam Cookman No. 1 Grant Hope 711 I. C. Bishop No. 1 Grant. Hope 712 L. D. Blake No. 1 Grant Hope 713 Lloyd Stout No. 1 Grant Hope . 714 Burgett Swisher No. 1 Grant Hope .... 715 Goff McWhorter No. 1 Grant Raven Carbon 716 John H. Hardway No. 1 Grant Graselli . 717 Reason Davisson (120A) No. 1. J. N. Rector No. 1 Grant Hope 717A Grant Tri-State 718 W. G. Kennedy No. 1 Grant Tri-State 718A S. J. Davisson No. 1 Grant Tri-State 719 I. M. Swisher No. 1 Grant. Tri-State 720 Porter Maxwell No. 1982 Grant Phila. . 721 Porter Maxwell No. 2039 Grant Phila 722 Enoch Gaston No. 1 Grant Southern 723 .T. F. Freeman No. 1 Grant Hope 1255B 1335B 1390B 724 Wm H. Horner No. 1 Grant Hope 725 726 727 728 729 730 W H McWhorter No 3 Grant Raven Carbon S Orlando Davis No 1 Grant. Hope 1080B Bart Jackson No 1 Grant Hope 1090B Marv T Burnside Nn 1 Grant Wheeling 1025B W B Reed No 1 Grant Reserve 1145B A A Smith No 1 Grant. South Penn 1010B 731 H. Burnside & Smith No. 1... Mary Price No. 1 Grant South Penn 732 Grant Vesper Gas 1130L 732A Bassell Heirs No 1 Grant Tri-State 732B Bassell Heirs No. 2. Grant Tri-State 732C| 732DI L. B. Davisson No. 1 Grant Tri-State L. M. Bassell No. 3 Grant Tri-State 733 Frank White No 1 Elk Hope 1090B 734 735 H Booth (Carr) No 1 Elk 1010L Robt. Fox et al. No. 1 Elk Hope | 736 Arthur Conley No 1 Elk Hope | 1155L 737 A. H. Davisson No. 1 Elk Tri-State 1 1 01 5B 738 739 740 E. W. Post No. 1 ! L Nathan Lewis No 1 j Elk Elk Guffey & Gailey | (1060) Smith Penn 9 1 1080R I. S. Reger No. 1 (Upshur Co.) . . Hope 1 1080B 741 Foster No. 1 (Upshur Co.) . . I WEST VIRGINIA GEOLOGICAL SURVEY. 425 Harrison County. — Continued. PITTSBURGH COAL BIG INJUN SAND GORDON SAND I Total Depth PRODUCING SAND Map No. Depth (top) Elevation (top Thickness A.T. 1 Depth (top) i Thickness Depth (top) Thickness 1260 140 1933 17 2193 B 1., Gnz. and 5th 705 i 1206 118 1 I 1928 11 2110 Berea and 5th 706 707 708 1250 115 1 | 1915 5 1 2157 On 7. 4th and 5th 708A | 709 i 1250 100 | 1545 Gnz 710 : 711 | 1285 145 j 1985 23 2363 712 j 713 714 715 | 1300 100 i 1640 Berea 716 | 717 ! 1385 122 | 1730 Berea 717A 1422 103 | 2173 J 13 2325 5th 718 26 j 1 1305 \ 1595 | 80 | 2310 14 2494 Berea and 5th . 718A ! 1370 | 120 | 2070 40 2342 5th 719 1405 1 1 205 1 2040 55 2452 4th and 5th .... 720 1 1 1560 | 120 2275 32 2495 5th 721 1 | 1340 ! | 70 2015 15 2225 5th 722 | 1 723 724 50 | 1340 | 4.5 1615 j 145 | 2352 2362 Berea and Gordon . 725 i 726 ! 727 1220 1 170 1927 35 2080 Max., 50-ft., Gord. & 5th. 728 j I 1 729 730 f 1280 | 120 30-ft 731 [ | 1440 1 115 2167 30 2347 B. I., Berea and 5th. . . . 732 ' 1285 1 1 100 1587 Berea 732A | 1275 [ 115 1970 25 2215 Berea 732B 1 1395 i 1 142 j 2100 15 3183 5th 732C i 1300 1 1 121 | 2203J B. I., Berea and 5th 732D 1 1 1400 i ! 100 2335 30-ft and 5th 733 I 1275 ! | 1 1995 1 20 2257 B. I., Stray, 5th and 6th. 734 ! 1 1 735 1225 j 90 1 1 2358 5th 736 1225 j 95 1 1937 1 27 3290 B. I 737 1475 1 85 i u \ 2481 | * 738 ! 1 1 739 1 1554 143 1 ( 2220 j 25 26124 Squaw 1 740 ! ! | | | 741 426 PETROLEUM AND NATURAL GAS. Under the column headed “Producing Sand/’ the follow- ing abbreviations are used : I C. R First Cow Run. B. Dunk Big Dunkard. II C. R Second Cow Run. Max Maxton. B. Lm Big Lime. Knr Keener. Big I. Big Injun. Berea Berea Grit. Gnz Gantz. 50-ft Fifty-foot. 30-ft Thirty-foot. Stray Gordon Stray. Gord Gordon. 4th Fourth. 5th Fifth, or McDonald. 6th Sixth, or Bayard. As with Doddridge county, this table of wells is very convenient for ready reference for information as to the depth and thickness of the Pittsburgh coal, the Big Injun and Gor- don sands, and the total depth of the well ; but it is very im- portant that the complete record of a number of these wells be published for the same reasons as given in the explana- tions accompanying the table of wells for Doddridge county, page 290. The serial number of the well is published not only in the table, but along with the heading when the com- plete record is given, and also on the economic geology map referred to above. SARDIS DISTRICT. Sardis District occupies the northwest corner of Harrison county, and its area is traversed in a northeast-southwest di- rection by the Robinson syncline and the Wolf Summit anti- cline, but by far the greater portion lies in the former basin. A glance at the structure map accompanying this report will WEST VIRGINIA GEOLOGICAL SURVEY. 427 show that the strata therein are much warped and disturbed, the elevation of the Pittsburgh coal varying from 100' A. T. in the northwest corner of the district to 1200' A. T., 0.8 mile southeast of Katys Lick. Hence, conditions are ideal from a structural standpoint for the accumulation of oil and gas into pools of commercial value. The Gordon Stray, Gordon, and Fifth sands are the main producing horizons, while the Moundsville, Big Dunkard, Big Injun, Fifty-foot and Fourth have produced to some extent. Along the western border of the district, there occur 275 to 300 Gordon sand oil wells along the Robinson Basin and a short distance up the southeast slope of the latter fold. As in the eastern portions of McClellan, Grant, and Greenbrier dis- tricts, Doddridge county, the location of this Gordon sand oil pool is in entire harmony with the “anticlinal theory” of White et al., as the Gordon contains no water in this region. The three following records from the head of Elk creek contain data of interest : Geo. F. Wyvel No. 1 Well Record (318). Located in Marion county, % mile northeast of Marion-Harrison- Wetzel corner. Thickness Total. (Elevation, 1460' B-A. T.) Feet. Feet. Unrecorded 1348 1348 Coal, Pittsburgh 6 1354 Unrecorded 1256 2610 Big Injun sand 90 2700 Unrecorded 670 3370 Sand, Stray (Gordon Stray) 61 3431 Unrecorded 2 3433 Gordon sand (pay, 3415'), and unrecorded to bottom... 29 3462 Mary Hall No. 2 Well Record (319). Located in Sardis District, 0.9 mile northwest of Alliance. Au- thority, South Penn Oil Company. Thickness Total. (Elevation, 1360' B-A. T.) Feet Feet. Unrecorded 1245 1245 Coal, Pittsburgh 6 1251 Unrecorded . 1099 2350 Big Lime 60 2410 Big Injun sand 98 2508 428 PETROLEUM AND NATURAL GAS. Thickness. Total. Feet. Feet. Unrecorded 733 3241 Stray sand...... 59 3300 Unrecorded 18 3318 Gordon sand (oil pay, 3289' and 3331') 15 3333 Unrecorded to bottom 26 3359 O. E. Heldreth No. 2 Well Record (320). Located in Sardis District, y 2 mile northwest of Alliance. Au- thority, South Penn Oil Company. Thickness Total. Feet. Feet. Unrecorded 1060 1060 Coal, Pittsburgh 5 1065 Unrecorded 1221 2286 Big Lime 54 2340 Big Injun sand 90 2430 Unrecorded o26 3056 Stray sand 65 3121 Unrecorded 15 ' 3136 Gordon sand (pay, 3153') 29 3165 Unrecorded to bottom 1 3166 The following is the record of a well located 0.3 mile southwest of Heldreth No. 2 well (320), that probably starts at the highest elevation of any in the county: E. L. Piggott No. 1 well Record (321). Located in Sardis District, % mile northwest of Alliance. Au- thority, Southern Oil Company. Thickness Total. (Elevation, 1590' B-A. T.) Feet. Feet. Unrecorded 1498 1498 Coal, Pittsburgh, and unrecorded 2019 3517 Stray sand (oil, 3525' — 3533') and unrecorded 37 3554 Gordon sand (no oil) 10 3564 Unrecorded to bottom 23' 3587 10" casing, 300'; S 1 /^" casing, 1913'; 6%" casing, 2720'; 5&" cas- ing, 2940'. “Shot in Stray sand, 3520'.” The above well is the deepest to the Pittsburgh coal of any other ever reported to the Survey in the State, and a por- tion of its record is used in connection with the Alliance sec- tion, page 141. The oil horizon is in the Gordon Stray and not the Gordon. WEST VIRGINIA GEOLOGICAL SURVEY. 429 The records of the two following wells are given in brief in the table of wells for Harrison county, and their complete logs are published on the pages indicated of Vol. 1(A) of the State Survey reports : Map) I | Page of No. j Name of Well. | Location |Vol. 1(A) 322 ! E. T. Bennett No. 1 |0.1 mile S. W. of Alliance.. | 306 323 | Mary E. Heldreth No. 1..J0.2 mile S. of Alliance | 306 Both report the oil pay in the Gordon sand, and the lat- ter had an initial production of 50 barrels daily. The following is the record of a well that has penetrated the Fifth sand, the latter being only 5 feef thick, 275 feet below the Gordon sand : Alva Robinson No. 1 Well Record (326). Located in Sardis District, 1 mile south of Alliance. Authority, South Penn Oil Company. Thickness Total. Feet. Feet. Unrecorded 830 830 Coal, Pittsburgh, and unrecorded 1230 2030 Big Lime 80 2110 Big Injun sand 90 2200 Unrecorded 703 2903 Gordon sand (oil) 27 2930 Unrecorded 15 2945 Fourth sand and unrecorded 260 3205 Fifth sand 5 3210 Unrecorded to bottom 22 3232 The following is the record of a shallow sand well : (Thos. J.) Malissa Kelley No. 1 Well Record (328). Located in Sardis District, 1.4 miles southeast of Alliance. Au- thority, South Penn Oil Company. Thickness Total. (Elevation, 1275' B-A. T.) Feet. Feet. Unrecorded 930 Coal, Pittsburgh, and unrecorded..., 352 1282 Sand, Little Dunkard? (Moundsville) (oil pay, 1287') . . 38 1320 Unrecorded to Big Dunkard sand... 95 1415 (Bottom of hole.) Conductor, 16'; 10" casing, 196'; 814" casing, 1286'. 430 PETROLEUM AND NATURAL GAS. The well had an initial production from a sand that correlates with Moundsville (Saltsburg) and not the Little Dunkard as given by the driller. The following is the record of a well located near the northwest edge of the Gordon sand oil pool on a west branch of Elk creek. Although a showing of gas is reported in the Stray, and of oil in the Gordon, yet the well was abandoned as a dry hole : Jesse Talkington No. 1 Well Record (332). Located in Sardis District, 1.1 miles S. W. of Alliance. Authority, South Penn Oil Company. Thickness Total. (Elevation, 1075' B-A. T.) Feet. Feet. Unrecorded 1172 1172 Coal, Pittsburgh 5 1177 Unrecorded .. 487 1664 Sand, Dunkard (Little Dunkard) 20 1684 Unrecorded 216 1900 Sand, Salt? (“Gas”) 65 1965 Unrecorded 405 2370 Big Lime 60 2430 Big Injun sand 130 2560 Unrecorded 455 3015 Fifty-foot sand 35 3050 Unrecorded 70 3120 Thirty-foot sand 20 3140 Unrecorded 44 3184 Stray (gas, 3229') 61 3245 Unrecorded 15 3260 Gordon sand (oil, 3268' and 3288') 30 3290 Unrecorded to bottom 18 3308 Conductor, 14'; 10" casing, 392'; S 1 /^" casing, 1780'; 6%" casing, 2570'. The seven following records are from wells located near the axis of the Robinson Basin, on the head of Middle run ; Acena Talkington No. 2 Well Record (333). Located in Sardis District, 1.4 miles N. 80° W. of Alliance. Au- thority, South Penn Oil Company. Completed Nov. 2, 1902. Thickness Total. Feet. Feet. Unrecorded 1155 1155 Coal, Pittsburgh 3 1158 Unrecorded 1267 2425 Big Injun sand 120 2545 Unrecorded {.. 555 3100 WEST VIRGINIA GEOLOGICAL SURVEY. 431 Thickness. Total. Feet. Feet. Thirty-foot sand (gas, 3110') 25 3125 Unrecorded 35 3160 Stray sand (oil, 3185' and 3205') 60 3220 Unrecorded > 20 3240 Gordon sand 16 3256 In the above well the Gordon sand is apparently dry, bm oil was encountered in the Stray and gas in the Thirty-foot. This well had the largest initial oil production — 2400 barrels daily — of any other well in the field, and was still making in August, 1910, 7 barrels daily, although 7 years old. W. R. G. Hall No. 5 Well Record (334). Located in Sardis District, 1.5 miles S. 80° W. of Alliance. Au- thority, South Penn Oil Company. Completed Feb. 29, 1904. Thickness Total. (Elevation, 1220' B-A. T.) Feet. Feet. Unrecorded 1085 1085 Coal, Pittsburgh 3 1088 Unrecorded 1187 2275 Big Injun sand (water, 2380') 170 2445 Unrecorded 705 3150 Gordon sand (oil, 3153' — 3168' and unrecorded to bottom 90 3240 John Stout No. 2 Well Record (335). Located in Sardis District, 1.6 miles N. 20° E. of Rinehart. Au- thority, South Penn Oil Company. Thickness Total. (Elevation, 1115' B-A. T.) Feet. Feet. Unrecorded 675 675 Sand, Bluff? (Carroll) 15 690 Unrecorded 290 980 Coal, Pittsburgh 5 985 Unrecorded 1255 2240 Big Injun sand 110 2350 Unrecorded - 630 2980 Stray sand (gas, 3010') 60 3040 Unrecorded 7 3047 Gordon sand (oil, 3053') 19 3066 Unrecorded to bottom 4 3070 O. E. Hall No. 1 Well Record (336). Located in Sardis District, 1.5 miles N. 15° E. of Rinehart. Au- thority, South Penn Oil Company. Completed Sept. 4, 1901. Thickness Total. (Elevation, 1125' B-A. T.) Feet. Feet. Unrecorded 975 975 Coal, Pittsburgh 5 980 432 PETROLEUM AND NATURAL GAS. Thickness. Total. Feet. Feet Unrecorded 510 1490’ Big Dunkard sand 30 1520 Unrecorded 370 1890 Sand, salt 18 1908 Unrecorded 67 1975 Sand, Maxton? (Salt) 25 2000 Unrecorded 160 2160 Pencil cave 5 2165 Big Lime ' 50 2215 Big Injun sand (gas and water, 2240') 110 2325 Unrecorded 480 2805 Fifty-foot sand 20 2825 Unrecorded 73 2898 Sand, Boulder (30-ft.) 25 2923 Unrecorded 27 2950 Stray sand (gas, 2993') 79 3029 Unrecorded 17 3046 Gordon sand (oil, 3050') ’. 20 3066 Slate to bottom 114 3180 The name “Boulder” is frequently applied by the drillers to the Thirty-foot sand. S. A. Cavalier No. 4 Well Record (337). Located in Sardis District, 1% miles N. 25° E. of Rinehart. Au- thority, South Penn Oil Company. Completed Dec. 23, 1905. Thickness Total. (Elevation, 1150' B-A. T.) Feet. Feet. Unrecorded 1010 1010 Coal, Pittsburgh, (steel line) 3 1013’ Unrecorded 372 1385 Sand, Little Dunkard? (Moundsville) 15 1400 Unrecorded 80 1480 Sand, Big Dunkard 20 1500 Unrecorded 180 1680 Gas sand 40 1720 Unrecorded 460 2180 Little lime 25 2205 Pencil cave 5 2210 Big Lime 55 2265 Big Injun sand 120 2385 Unrecorded 455 2840 Fifty-foot sand 30 2870 Unrecorded 120 2990 Stray sand 64 3054 Unrecorded 11 3065 Gordon sand (oil, 3070') and unrecorded to bottom.... 26 3091 Conductor, 16'; 10" casing, 220'; 8*4" casing, 1494'; 6%" casing,. 2418'. PLATE XII.- View of the Shinnston Oil Field on a branch of Mudlick run, and the Topography of the Monongahela series. WEST VIRGINIA GEOLOGICAL SURVEY. 433 This well had an initial oil production of 200 barrels dailv from the Gordon sand, and in August, 1910, still was making 2y 2 barrels daily. O. E. Hall No. 3 Well Record (338). Located in Sardis District, 1.1 miles north of Rinehart. Authority, South Penn Oil Company. Completed Nov. 25, 1903. Thickness Total. Feet. Feet. Unrecorded 1280 1280 Coal, Pittsburgh 7 1287 Unrecorded ' 1191 2478 Big Injun sand 42 2520 Unrecorded 800 3320 Stray sand, (gas, 3325') 22 3342 Unrecorded 16 3358 Gordon sand (oil, 3367') 19 3377 Unrecorded to bottom 1 3378 “15 barrels daily from Gordon sand.” G. W. Talkington No. 11 Well Record (339). Located in Sardis District, 1 mile N. E. of Rinehart. Authority, South Penn Oil Company. Completed Sept, 2, 1904. Thickness Total. (Elevation, 1125' B-A. T. Feet. Feet. Unrecorded 950 950 Coal, Pittsburgh 5 955 Unrecorded 345 1340 Sand, Little Dunkard? (Moundsville) 30 1370 Unrecorded 70 1440 Sand, Big Dunkard? (I Cow Run) 10 1450 Unrecorded 455 1905 Salt sand 95 2000 Unrecorded 40 2040 Little lime 145 2185 Pencil cave 5 2190 Big Lime 50 2240 Big Injun sand 150 2390 Unrecorded 410 2800 Fifty-foot sand 30 2830 Unrecorded 60 2890 Thirty-foot sand 35 2925 Unrecorded 35 2960 Stray sand 30 2990 Unrecorded 15 3005 Gordon sand (oil pay, 3019') 29 3034 Unrecorded to bottom 57 3091 Conductor, 16'; 10" casing, 406'; 8^" casing, 1580'; 6%" casing, 2185'; 5&" casing, 2438'. 434 PETROLEUM AND NATURAL GAS. The records of the four following wells are given not only in brief in the table of. well records for Harrison county, page 408, but in detail on the pages indicated below of Vol. 1(A) of the State Survey reports : Map] No. | Name of Well. 342 | L. E. Bennett No, 1. 353 | Felix Coffman No. 1. 355 j T. C. Bennett No. 3. 357 | T. C. Bennett No 1. Location Page of Vol. 1(A) 1 mile N. of Wallace 2 miles S. W. of Rinehart. . 2 miles S. W. of Wallace. . 2.3 miles S. W. of Wallace. 307 311 313 312 Bartlett No. 1 (342) had a gas and oil show in the top of the Big Injun in addition to its Gordon sand oil production. It also had an oil showing at 2510 feet in the Berea sand, and not the Gantz as given in the record. Coffman No. 1 (353) was a fine gasser in the Stray, since it is located some distance west of the axis of the Robinson Basin on the east slope of the Arches Fork anticline. It is also an oil producer in the Gordon sand. B nnett No. 3 (355) is a gasser in the Fifty-foot and an oil producer in the Gordon ; and No. 1 (357) is a Gordon oil well. The five following records are from wells in the vicinity of Wallace and Rinehart northwestward across the Robinson Basin : Wesley Robinson No. 5 Well Record (343). Located in Sardis District, 0.6 mile north of Wallace. Authority, South Penn Oil Company. Well completed June 9, 1904. Thickness Total. (Elevation, 1080' B-A. T. Feet. Feet. Unrecorded 790 790 Coal, Pittsburgh 5 795 Unrecorded 480 1275 Sand, Big Dunkard.. 50 1325 Unrecorded 385 1710 Salt sand (water, 1770'). 70 1780 Unrecorded 195 1975 Little lime 80 2055 Pencil cave 10' 2065 Big Lime 40 2105 Big Injun sand (gas, 2106') 105 2210 Unrecorded 438 2648 Fifty-foot sand 40 2688 Unrecorded ' 57 2745 WEST VIRGINIA GEOLOGICAL SURVEY. 435 Thickness. Total. Feeti Feet. Sand, Boulder (Thirty-foot) 40 2785 Unrecorded 15 2800 Stray sand 60 2860 Unrecorded 15 2875 Gordon sand (oil, 2891' and 2906') 45 2920 Unrecorded to bottom 5 2925 Conductor, 16'; 10" casing, 224'; 8%" casing, 1659'; 6%" casing, 1966'; 5 T V' casing, 2440'. S. N. Parrish No. 2 Well Record (344). Located in Sardis District, y 3 mile north of Wallace. Authority, South Penn Oil Company. Completed May 25, 1904. Thickness Total. (Elevation, 1040' B-A. T.) Feet. Feet. Unrecorded 753 753 Coai, Pittsburgh (steel line) 7 760 Unrecorded 340 1100 Sand, Little Dunkard? (Moundsville and I Cow Run).. 168 1268 Unrecorded 422 1690 Salt sand 20 1710 Unrecorded 158 1868 Maxton sand 70 1938 Unrecorded 10 1948 Pencil cave 8 1956 Big Lime 55 2011 Big Injun sand 131 2142 Unrecorded 438 2580 Fifty-foot sand... 60 2640 Unrecorded 92 2732 Sand, Boulder (Thirty-foot) 20 2752 Unrecorded 14 2766 Stray sand 37 2803 Unrecorded 12 2815 Gordon sand (oil pay, 2830') 42 2857 Unrecorded to bottom 45 2902 Conductor, 16'; 10" casing. 224'; 8%" casing, 1320'; 6%" casing, 2163'. Woodfield-Sprout No. 1 Well Record (347). Located in Sardis District, y 3 mile southeast of Rinehart. Au- thority, South Penn Oil Company. Thickness Total. (Elevation, 1100' B-A. T.) Feet. Feet. Unrecorded 900 900 Coal, Pittsburgh 4 904 Unrecorded 1236 2140 Big Lime 40 2180 Unrecorded 735 2915 Stray sand (gas, 2941') and unrecorded 50 2965 Gordon sand (oil, 2972' and 2977') 23 2988 Unrecorded to bottom 40 3028 436 PETROLEUM AND NATURAL GAS. O. S. Ritter No. 1 Well Record (348). Located in Sardis District, % mile east of Rinehart. Authority, South Penn Oil Company. Thickness. Total. Feet. Feet. Unrecorded 310 310 Coal, Washington, and unrecorded 525 835 Coal, Pittsburgh 10 845 Unrecorded 1264 2109 Big Injun sand (gas, 2109') 86 2195 Unrecorded 696 2891 Stray sand and unrecorded 41 2932 Gordon sand (oil) 30 2962 Unrecorded to bottom 13 2975 This well gives the Washington-Pittsburgh coal interval as 525 feet. Bates-Harbert No. 1 Well Record (349). Located in Sardis District, at Rinehart. Oil Company. (Elevation, 1041' L-A. T.) Unrecorded Coal, Pittsburgh Unrecorded - Big Lime Big Injun sand Unrecorded Stray sand Unrecorded Gordon sand Unrecorded Fourth sand Unrecorded to bottom i Authority, South Penn Thickness. Total. Feet. Feet. 850 850 5 855 1200 2055 55 2110 100 2210 525 2835 72 2907 18 2925 21 2946 .15 2961 6 2967 10 2977 The two following records are of wells located on the east slope of the Arches Fork anticline on Mudlick run : John Hearld No. 1 Well Record (351). . i Located in Sardis District, % mile west of Rinehart. Authority, Wheeling Natural Gas Company. Thickness. Total. (Elevation, 1110' L-A. T.) Feet. Feet. Unrecorded 860 860 Coal, Pittsburgh 8 868 Unrecorded 482 1350 Dunkard sand (Big Dunkard) 30 1380 WEST VIRGINIA GEOLOGICAL SURVEY. 437 Thickness. Feet. Unrecorded 130 Sand, “Gas”, (“Gas” and I! Cow Run) (water at 1618').. 180 Unrecorded 60 Salt sand 110 Unrecorded 60 Sand, Maxton? (Salt) 5 Unrecorded 149 Little lime 15 Unrecorded 5 Big Lime 56 Big Injun sand (small gas flow, 2180') 83 Unrecorded 507 Fifty-foot sand 20 Unrecorded 60 Thirty-foot sand 40 Unrecorded 10 Sand, Boulder(?) ...34'] Unrecorded 2 t (Gordon Stray) 65 Sand, Stray 29 ) Gordon sand to bottom 20 In this region the Gordon Stray ranges from 50 to thick, but in this well it appears to be split by 2 feet recorded interval, probably slate. B. L. Rogers No. 2 Well Record (352). Located in Sardis District, 1 % miles west of Rinehart, ity, Wheeling Natural Gas Company. Thickness. Feet. Unrecorded 920 Coal, Pittsburgh 6 Unrecorded 374 Little Dunkard sand 55 Unrecorded 10 Big Dunkard sand, soft and white (oil show, 1375') 70 Unrecorded 185 Gas sand 25 Unrecorded 55 Sand, Salt? (II Cow Run) 30 Unrecorded 218 Second Salt sand 60 Unrecorded 92 Little lime 10 Pencil cave 5 Big Lime, (Big Injun sand, 103' thick; gas, 2230'; light show of oil, 2240') and unrecorded 340 Sand, Thirty-foot? (Squaw), hard and white 30 Unrecorded (first gas, 2776') 294 Fifty-foot sand, hard and white 40 Unrecorded ? . . 66 Total. Feet. 1510 1690 1750 1860 1920 1925 2074 2089 2094 2150 2233 2740 2760 2820 2860 2870 2935 2955 75 feet of nn- Author- Total. Feet. 920 926 1300 1355 1365 1435 1620 1645 1700 1730 1948 2008 2100 2110 2115 2455 2485 2779 2819 2885 438 PETROLEUM AND NATURAL GAS. Thickness. Total. Feet. Feet. Sand, Boulder (Thirty-foot) 30 2915 Unrecorded 20 293$ Stray sand (break, 2965'; gas, 2976') 62 2997 Unrecorded 10 3007 Gordon sand (gas, 3011', 3023') 22 3029 Unrecorded to bottom 5 3034 The first oil well in the Wallace field is said to be the E. D. Orr No. 1 well ( 354 ), located on Barnes run, J4 mile southwest of Wallace. Southwestward along the axis of the Robinson Basin to the Harrison-Doddridge county line and eastward down Rock- camp run, there occur several Gordon sand oil wells. The six following records are from wells in this region : Z L, McIntyre No. 1 Well Record (356). Located in Sardis District, 2 miles southwest of Wallace. Au- thority, South Penn Oil Company. Thickness. Total. (Elevation, 1150' B-A. T.) Feet. Feet. Unrecorded 930 930 Coal, Pittsburgh 9 939 Unrecorded 1193 2132 Big Lime 52 2180 Big Injun sand 120 2300 Unrecorded 698 2998 Stray sand (pay, 3002') 18 3016 Unrecorded 10 3026 Gordon sand (pay, 3052') (34) 3060 Unrecorded to bottom 6 306$ G. W. Talkington No. 1 Well Record (359). Located in Sardis District, % mile S. 80° W. of Fonda. Author- ity, South Penn Oil Company. Thickness. Total. (Elevation, 1165' B-A. T.) Feet. Feet. Unrecorded 1440 1440 Sand, Little Dunkard (I Cow Run) 25 1465 Unrecorded 60 1525 Big Dunkard sand 75 1600 Unrecorded 179 1779 Gas sand 60 1839 Unrecorded 136 1975 Salt sand 50 2025 Unrecorded 261 2286 Big Lime 48 2334 Big Injun sand 40 2474 WEST VIRGINIA GEOLOGICAL SURVEY. 439 Thickness. Total. Feet. Feet. Unrecorded 354 2790 Sand, Gantz? (Berea) 30 2820 Unrecorded 94 2914 Fifty-foot sand 40 2954 Unrecorded 66 3020 Sand, Boulder (30-ft.) 30 3050 Unrecorded 50 3100 Stray sand 25 3125 Unrecorded 14 3139 Gordon sand (oil, 3151').-] 28 3167 Slate ■ j- Gordon 11 3178 Sand (oil, 3178') J 8 3186 Slate to bottom 35 3221 F. M. Gifford No. 1 Well Record (360). Located in Sardis District, *4 mile south of Fonda. Authority, Benedum-Trees Oil Company. Completed July 28, 1907. Thickness. Total. (Elevation, 1065' B-A. T.) Feet. Feet. Unrecorded 830 830 Pittsburgh coal and unrecorded 380 1210 Sand, Little Dunkard? (I Cow Run) 35 1245 Unrecorded 70 1315 Big Dunkard sand 75 1390 Unrecorded 140 1530 Gas sand 25 1555 Unrecorded 20 1575 Sand, Salt? (II Cow Run) 45 1610 Unrecorded 200 1810 Maxton sand (water, 1968') 220 2030 Unrecorded 50 2080 Big Lime 45 2125 Big Injun sand (water, 2150') 140 2245 Unrecorded 455 2700 Fifty-foot sand (gas, 2702', 2734') 40 2740 Unrecorded 50 2790 Thirty-foot sand 20 2810 Unrecorded 16 2826 Stray sand 60 2886 Unrecorded 16 2902 Gordon sand (oil pay, 2912') and unrecorded to bottom. 20 2922 Nathan Goff No. 39 Well Record (361). Located in Sardis District, 0.9 mile southwest of Fonda. Author- ity, B. M. Despard. Completed July 21, 1905. Thickness. Total. (Elevation, 1053' L-A. T.) Feet. Feet. Unrecorded 826^ 826% Pittsburgh coal and unrecorded 398% 1225 Sand, Little Dunkard (I Cow Run) 15 1240 Unrecorded 55 1295 440 PETROLEUM AND NATURAL GAS. Thickness. To.al. Big Dunkard sand Unrecorded Sand, “Gas”? (II Cow Run) Unrecorded Salt sand Unrecorded Maxton sand Feet. Feet. 55 1790 205 1995 9030 Unrecorded 10 2040 Little lime 2055 Pencil cave 8 2063 Big Lime 81 2144 Big Injun sand 92 2236 Unrecorded 457 2693 Fifty-foot sand 40 2733 Unrecorded 62 2795 Thirty-foot sand 33 2828 Unrecorded 40 2868 Stray sand 15 2903 Unrecorded 2918 Gordon sand (first oil pay, 2926'; second oil pay, 2934') to bottom. . . 22 2940 Conductor, 15'; 10" casing, 218': ; 814" casing, 1312'; 6%" casing, 2400'; 5 T y' casing, 2868'. The log of the Nathan Goff No. 45 well (363) is used in connection with the Fonda section, page 9,2. E. R. McIntyre No. 2 Well Record (363). Located in Sardis District, 114 miles southeast of Fonda. Au- thority, Benedum-Trees Oil Company. Completed June, 1906. Thickness. TotaL (Elevation, 1020' B-A. T.) Feet. Feet. Unrecorded . 700 700 Pittsburgh coal and unrecorded . 332 1032 Sand, Little Dunkard? (Moundsville ; and I Cow Run) . , . 114 1146 Unrecorded , . 38 1184 Big Dunkard sand . 40 1224 Unrecorded , . 226 1450 Gas sand . 40 1490 Unrecorded . 90 1580 Salt sand . 170 1750 Unrecorded . 60 1810 Maxton sand . 25 1835 Unrecorded , . 70 1905 Little lime . 20 1925 Unrecorded , . 37 1962 Big Lime , . 48 2010 Big Injun sand . 96 2106 TTnrppnrd pd . 454 2560 Pjfly.foot sand . . 20 2580 Unrecorded . 75 2655 Thirty-foot sand . 25 2680 WEST VIRGINIA GEOLOGICAL SURVEY. 441 Thickness. Total. Feet. Feet. Unrecorded 50 2730 Gordon Stray sand 25 2755 Unrecorded 20 2775 Gordon sand (break, 2798'; oil, 2791'-2803') and un- recorded to bottom 36 2811 M. K. Davisson No. 1840 Well Record (364). Located in Sardis District, 1 mile southeast of Fonda. Authority, Philadelphia Company. Completed Aug. 12, 1905. Thickness. Total. (Elevation, 1065' B-A. T.) Feet. Feet. Unrecorded 747 747 Coal, Pittsburgh 9 756 Unrecorded 396 1152 Sand, Little Dunkard (I Cow Run) 38 1190 Unrecorded 57 1247 Big Dunkard sand 5 1252 Unrecorded 73 1325 Sand, “Gas”? (Burning Springs) 63 1388 Unrecorded 117 1505 Sand, Salt? (Gas and II Cow Run) 80 1585 Unrecorded 30 1615 Salt sand 35 1650 Unrecorded 35 1685 Salt sand 35 1720 Unrecorded 104 1824 Maxton sand 108 1932 Unrecorded 28 1960 Big Lime 82 2042 Big Injun sand 113 2155 Unrecorded 459 2614 Fifty-foot sand (gas) 40 2654 Unrecorded 57 2711 Thirty-foot sand 25 2736 Unrecorded 44 2780 Gordon Stray sand 40 2820 Unrecorded 14 2834 Gordon sand (oil, 2839'-2847') 41 2875 Unrecorded 1 2876 Fourth sand 10 2886 Unrecorded 149 3035 Fifth sand 3 3038 Unrecorded to bottom 109 3147 10" casing, 248'; 8 %" casing, 1182'; 6%" casing, 2173'; 3" cas- ing, 2650'. Gas pressure to the sq. inch in 50-ft. sand (6%"? casing): 1st minute, 50 lbs. 10th minute, 210 lbs. 5th minute, 105 lbs. 40th minute, 475 lbs. Rock pressure, 520 lbs. The records of the two following wells on Rockcamp run are published in brief in the table of wells for Harrison 442 PETROLEUM AND NATURAL GAS. county, page 408, and in detail on the pages indicated of Vol. 1(A) of the State Survey: Map No. Name of Well. Location. | | Page of Vol. 1(A). 365 W. A. Rogers No. 2 j 2.3 miles N. 80° W. of Olive... | 310 367 Marshall Bailey No. 1.. |0.3 mile N. of Olive 310 The major portion of the southeast half of Sardis dis- trict lies on the steep western slope of the Wolf Summit anticline, and on it in this region a large number of gas wells have been drilled. On the head of Little Elk creek, Roland & Groves drilled the Benjamin Heldreth No. 1 well (330), in June, 1910. It had a 10-barrel daily production from the Gordon sand, and at the end of two months it was making 2 to 3 barrels daily. Southeastward 1.5 miles there occur two light oil wells in the Gordon. The following is a record of one of these wells as published in Vol. I (edition exhausted) of the State Survey, page 248. The record is very complete, but some changes in the original log are indicated in parentheses by the writer : Seth Pigott No. 1 Well (378). Located in Sardis District, 2 mPes N. 70° E. of Wallace. Author- ity, South Penn Oil Company. Thickness Total. (Elevation, 1125' B-A. T.) Feet. Feet. Conductor 14 14 Limestone, hard 3 17 Slate j 43 60 Coal, (Washington) ... 2 62 Sand, (Mannington) 38 100 Limestone 100 200 Red rock 50 250 Unrecorded 235 485 Limestone and slate 105 590 Coal, Pittsburgh 8 598 Limestone and slate 102 700 Red rock 100 800 Slate 60 860 Red rock (Pittsburgh) 15 875 Sand 30 905 Limestone 960 Sand, white (1 Cow Run) 95 1055 Limestone , 13 1068 Slate 12 1080 WEST VIRGINIA GEOLOGICAL SURVEY. 443 Limestone Sand Sand, white Limestone Slate and limestone Slate, black Sand Limestone Sand, white Slate, black Sand, (Maxton) Limestone and slate Pencil cave Big Limestone Sand, soft, and limestone (gas, ] 1937') 60'}- Big Injun.. Sand, hard 20 J Limestone Slate Slate and limestone Sand and limestone (Berea) Limestone Slate : Gantz sand (gas, 2495') Slate Fifty-foot sand Slate Limestone Red rock Sand, (Thirty-foot) Limestone Sand 10'] Limestone 10 J- (Stray) Sand and limestone 48 J Slate Sand, pebbly (oil, 2731').. 5'] Campbells Run Sand, hard 14 }- (Gordon) Slate 10 J Sand, Whetstone Run (Gordon) (gas, 2765').... Limestone and slate Sand, Flat Run (Fourth) Slate and limestone Thickness. Feet. . . . 10 . . . 55 ... 55 . .. 44 . . . 26 . . . 30 . .. 270 . . . 35 . . . 95 . . . 48 . . . 20 . . . 87 6 . . . 51 . . . 80 . .. 168 . . . 40 . . . 100 . . . 50 . .. 50 . . . 90 ... 20 . . . 15 . . . 10 . .. 55 . . . 10 . .. 25 . . . 25 . . . 10 . . . 68 ... 3 . . . 29 20 20 2 199 9" Total. Feet. 1090 1145 1200 1244 1270 1300 1570 1605 1700 1748 1768 1855 1861 1912 1992 2160 2200 2300 2350 2400 2490 2510 2525 2535 2590 2600 2625 2650 2660 2728 2731 2760 2780 2800 2802 3001 9" One-half mile southward, the Hartman Oil Company drilled the J. L. Swiger No. 1 dry hole (379) through the entire Venango group of oil sands, the record of which is given in detail on page 311 of Vol. 1(A) of the State Survey reports. The well starts 2 feet below the Washington coai and penetrates 3112 feet below the top of the Pittsburgh bed. Three-fourths mile northwestward on Little Elk the 444 PETROLEUM AND NATURAL GAS. South Penn drilled the Blackburn Smith No. 1 gas well (376), the log of which was not obtained. The three following records are from wells situated on the north side of Little Tenmile creek. The first is located on the head of Caldwell run : John G. Rogers No. 1225 Well Record (381). Located in Sardis District, 1.6 miles northeast of Brown. Au- thority, C. A. Murrin. Completed Sept. 25, 1910. Thickness. Total. (Elevation, 1300' B-A. T.) Feet. , Feel- Unrecorded 30 30 Coal, (Washington), and unrecorded 68 98 Native coal (Waynesburg “A”) 2 100 Unrecorded 470 570 Coal, Pittsburgh? 6 576 Unrecorded (no Dunkard sands) 704 1280 Gas sand 57 1337 Unrecorded 88 1425 Salt sand 75 1500 Unrecorded 6 1506 Unrecorded 258 1764 Maxton sand 85 1849 Unrecorded 3 1852 Little lime 8 1860 Pencil cave 5 1865 Big Lime 35 1900 Big Injun sand (gas, 1925') 80 1980 Unrecorded to bottom 8 1988 10" casing, 606'; 8%" casing, 1245'; 6%" casing, 1900'. Temple Smith No. 2107 Well Record (374). Located in Sardis District, y 2 mile northwest of Brown. Author- ity, Philadelphia Company. Completed July 9, 1906. Thickness. Total. (Elevation, 1115' B-A. T.) Feet. Feet. Unrecorded 590 590 Coal, Pittsburgh 6 596 Unrecorded 504 1100 Big Dunkard sand 50 1150 Unrecorded 720 1870 Big Lime 40 1910 Big Injun sand (oil, gas and water, 1940'-2000') 125 2035 Unrecorded 455 2490 Fifty-foot sand (gas, 2492') 44 2534 Slate to bottom 1 2535 Pressure in 4" tubing: 1st minute, 135 lbs. 10th minute, 310 lbs. 5th minute, 280 lbs. 20th minute, 333 lbs. WEST VIRGINIA GEOLOGICAL SURVEY. 445 This well starts 5 to 10 feet below the Washington coal. It is reported to have had a 25-barrel oil showing in the Big Injun, but the oil was never saved. G. W. Kelley No. 1 Well Record (375). Located in Sardis District, % mile northwest of Brown. Author- ity, Carnegie Natural Gas Company. Thickness. Total. (Elevation, 1070' B-A. T.) Feet. Feet. Unrecorded 570 570 Coal, Pittsburgh 7 577 Unrecorded 1308 1885 Big Injun sand 113 1998 Unrecorded 459 2457 Fifty-foot sand (gas, 2460'-2465') 45 2502 Unrecorded 39 2541 Thirty-foot sand (gas, 2547') 19 2560 Unrecorded 40 2600 Gordon Stray sand and unrecorded 81 2681 Gordon sand 22 2703 Unrecorded 3 2706 Fourth sand 14 2720 Unrecorded 120 2840 Fifth sand 7 2847 Unrecorded to bottom 35 2882 10" casing, 218'; 8^" casing, 1062'; 6%" casing, 1978'. “Good for 1,000,000 cu. ft. daily.” The log of the I. L. Marsh No. 1 well (373) is published in connection with the Brown section, page 90. This well is mentioned in the description of the Big Dunkard sand, page 274. On the south hillside at Brown, the Philadelphia Com- pany drilled a well which produces oil in the Gordon. Gas was encountered in both the Big Dunkard and Fifty-foot. Its record is as follows ; E. E. S. Rogers No. 2140 Well Record (372). Located in Sardis District at Brown. Authority, Philadelphia Company. Thickness. Total. (Elevation, 1060' B-A. T.) Feet. Feet. Unrecorded 476 476 Coal, Pittsburgh 10 486 Unrecorded 514 1000 Big Dunkard sand (gas, 1010') 80 1080 Unrecorded 70 1150 446 PETROLEUM AND NATURAL GAS. Thickness. Total. Feet. Feet. Sand, Salt? (“Gas” and II Cow Run) 208 1358 Unrecorded 382 1740 Big Lime 56 1796 Big Injun sand 100 1896 Unrecorded 481 2377 Sand, Thirty-foot? (Fifty-foot) (gas, 2388') 35 2412 Unrecorded 118 2530 Gordon Stray sand 25 2555 Unrecorded 17 2572 Gordon sand (oil, 2584^') 49 2621 Unrecorded 4 2625 Fourth sand (oil) 6 2831 10" casing, 183'; 8 1 /!" casing, 1000'; 6%" casing, 1914'. The two following records are from gassers located on the waters of Little Rockcamp, southwest of Brown : S. T. Flanagan No. 1 Well Record (370). Located in Sardis District, 1.5 miles southwest of Brown. Au- thority, Philadelphia Company. Thickness. Total. (Elevation, 1175' B-A. T.) Feet. Feet. Unrecorded 200 200 Coal, native, (Washington) 3 203 Unrecorded 302 505 Coal, (Lower Uniontown) 4 509 Unrecorded 151 660 Lime shells 80 740 Unrecorded 8 748 Coal, Mapletown? (Redstone) 4 752 Unrecorded 23 775 Coal, Pittsburgh 7 782 Unrecorded 363 1145 Sand, Little Dunkard (I Cow Run) 95 1240 Unrecorded 75 1315 Big Dunkard sand 30 1345 Unrecorded 155 1500 Gas sand 25 1525 Unrecorded 117 1642 Coal, Pocahontas? (Upper Mercer?) 6 1648 Unrecorded 7 1655 Sait sand (water, 3 bailers per hour, 1685') 75 1730 Unrecorded 52 1782 Salt sand 14 1796 Unrecorded 54 1850 Maxton sand 80 1930 Unrecorded 66 1996 Little lime 15 2011 Pencil cave, blue 5 2016 Big Lime 61 2077 Big Injun sand, hard 123 2200 Unrecorded 6 2206 WEST VIRGINIA GEOLOGICAL SURVEY. 447 Thickness. Total. Feet. Feet. Squaw sand 10 2216 Unrecorded 409 2625 Fifty-foot sand (gas, 2750', steel line) 55 2680 Unrecorded 60 2740 Thirty-foot sand (gas, 2750', steel line) 30 2770 Unrecorded 15 2785 Gordon Stray sand (gas) 60 2845 Unrecorded 11 2856 Gordon sand (oil, 2884') The above is a very interesting record in that five coal beds, three gas pays, and one oil pay are noted : T. P. Whiteman No. 1 Well Record (369). Located in Sardis District, 1.7 miles northwest of Olive. Author- ity, South Penn Oil Company. Thickness. Total. (Elevation, 1040' B-A. T.) Feet. Feet. Unrecorded 1880 1880 Big Injun sand 150 2030 Unrecorded 647 2677 Gordon sand 33 2710 Unrecorded 230 2940 Fifth sand and unrecorded to bottom 23 2963 The following is the record of a well southeast of Brown that reveals the absence of both the Fourth and Fifth sands: W. N. Edgell No. 2147 Well Record (382). Located in Sardis District, 1 mile southeast of Brown. Authority, Philadelphia Company. Thickness. Total. (Elevation, 1005' B-A. T.) Feet. Feet. Unrecorded 290 290 Coal, Pittsburgh 15 305 Unrecorded 1305 1610 Big Lime 34 1644 Big Injun sand 100 1744 Unrecorded 636 2370 Gordon sand 120 2490 Unrecorded to bottom (no Fourth or Fifth sand) 306 2796 10" casing, 150'; S 1 ^" casing, 867'; 6%" casing, 1730'. Well starts 10 feet below the Uniontown coal. The two following records are from Big Injun and Fifth sand gassers : 448 PETROLEUM AND NATURAL GAS. ' H. H. Huston No. 1 Well Record (383). Located in Sardis District, 1 % miles southeast of Brown. Author- ity, Carnegie Natural Gas Company. Thickness. Total. (Elevation, 965' B-A. T.) Feet. Feet. Unrecorded 106 106 Coal, Pittsburgh, and unrecorded 1384 1490 Big Injun sand (gas, 1520') 94 1584 Unrecorded 476 2060 Fifty-foot sand 20 2080 Unrecorded 69 2149 Sand, Gordon? (Stray) (gas, 2151') 9 2158 Unrecorded 79 223T Fourth sand 53 2290 Unrecorded 10 2300 Fifth sand (gas, 2309') to bottom 16 2316 10" casing, 140'; 6%" casing, 1462'; 3" tubing, 2316'. Pressure in 3" pipe, first minute, 235 lbs. Nancy Haggerty No. 1 Well Record (384). Located in Sardis District, 1 mile southwest of Dola. Authority,. Hope Natural Gas Company. Thickness. Total. (Elevation, 1140' B-A. T.) Feet. Feet. Unrecorded 1420 1420 Big Injun sand (gas).., 70 1490 Unrecorded 730 2220 Gordon sand 20 2240 Unrecorded 169 2409 Fifth sand (gas) 8 2417" Unrecorded to bottom 48 2465 The following is the record of a well in the southeast portion of Sardis on Flaggy run : Wm. T. Allen No. 1 Well Record (387). Located in Sardis District, 1 mile west of Sardis. Authority, Carnegie Natural Gas Company. Thickness. Total. (Elevation, 985' B-A. T.) Feet. Feet. Unrecorded 1440 1440 Big Injun sand 100 1540 Unrecorded 314 1854 Sand, Fifty-foot? (Berea) 46 1900 Unrecorded 85 1985 Sand, Thirty-foot? (Fifty-foot) 30 2015 Unrecorded 35 2050 Sand, Gordon Stray (30-ft. and Stray) (gas, 2064') 90 2140 Unrecorded 25 2165 series in immediate foreground. WEST VIRGINIA GEOLOGICAL SURVEY. 449 Gordon sand Unrecorded Fourth sand Unrecorded Fifth sand (some gas) Unrecorded to bottom Thickness. Total. Feet. Feet. . .. . 25 2190 45 2235 . . . . 20 2255 . ... 115 2370 29 2399 106 2505 Pressure at 15 minutes, 200 lbs.; rock pressure, 575 lbs. The well starts 5 feet above the base of the Pittsburgh coal bed. A short distance westward there occurs a fine pool of Maxton sand gas. The A. A. Swiger No. 1 (385) and Nancy Griffin No. 6 (388) both produce gas at this horizon. The L. S. Whiteman No. 1 (386), located on the head of Isaac creek, is reported a 5-barrel oil well in the Gordon sand. The following is the record of a gas well located only 3^ mile west of the crest of the Wolf Summit anticline; Oliver Robinson No. 2159 Well Record (392). Located in Sardis District, at Sardis. Authority, Philadelphia Company. Thickness. Total. (Elevation, 955' B-A. T.) Feet. Feet. Unrecorded 155 155 Coal, (Harlem?) 3 158 Unrecorded 107 265 Sand, Big Dunkard? (I Cow Run) 20 285 Unrecorded 10 295 Big Dunkard sand 98 393 Unrecorded 177 570 Gas sand and unrecorded 180 750 Salt s^nd 125 875 Unrecorded 340 1215 Big Lime 55 1270 Big Injun sand 110 1380 Unrecorded 430 1810 Fifty-foot sand 69 1879 Unrecorded 16 1895 Sand, Gordon? (Thirty-foot) (gas, 1910') 20 1915 Unrecorded 105 2020 Sand, Fourth? (Gordon) 30 2050 Unrecorded 182 2232 Fifth sand (gas, 2236') 16 2248 Unrecorded to bottom 18 2266 10" casing, 395'; 8 1 4" casing, 880''; 6%" casing, 1259'; 3" cas- ing, 2246'. 450 PETROLEUM AND NATURAL GAS. “Pressure test in 6%" pipe: 1st minute, 20 lbs. 5th minute, 90 lbs. “Pressure test in 3" pipe: 1st minute, 130 lbs. 2nd minute, 160 lbs. 10th minute, 150 lbs. 20th minute, 215 lbs. 5th minute, 230 lbs. 10th minute, 290 lbs. The well starts 140 feet below the Pittsburgh coal ; hence, the bed at 155' feet represents the Harlem. The following is the record of a light Fifth sand gasser on the head of Katys Lick creek in the extreme southern edge of Sardis district. The well starts 30 to 40 feet above the Pittsburgh coal : James Flanagan No. 2145 Well Record (393). Located in Sardis District, % mile southeast of Katys Lick. Authority, Philadelphia Company. Completed April 17, 1907. Thickness. Total. (Elevation, 1150' B-A. T.) Feet. Feet. Unrecorded 315 315 Coal, (Hariem?) 6 321 Unrecorded 169 490 Big Dunkard sand 105 595 Unrecorded 195 790 Sand, Salt? (“Gas”) 90 880 Unrecorded 25 905 Sand, Salt? (II Cow Run and Salt) 113 1018 Unrecorded HO 1128 Sand, Maxton? (Salt) 32 1160 Unrecorded 222 1382 Big Lime 61 1443 Big Injun sand 95 1538 Unrecorded 432 1970 Fifty-foot sand 10 - 1980 Unrecorded 0 1986 Sand, Gordon Stray? (Thirty-foot) 59 2045 Unrecorded 15 2060 Sand, Gordon? (Gordon Stray) 20 2080 Unrecorded 56 2136 Sand, Fourth? (Gordon) 20 2156 Unrecorded 04 2220 Sand, Fifth? (Fourth) 6 2226 Unrecorded 174 2400 Fifth sand (gas, 2402') 5 2405 Unrecorded to bottom 197 2602 10" casing, 144'; 8^4" casing, 1020'; 6%" casing, 1394'. Well abandoned and plugged at 1450'. Prospective Oil and Gas Territory, Sardis District.— The northwest portion of Sardis district has been quite WEST VIRGINIA GEOLOGICAL SURVEY. 451 thoroughly drilled, but there still remains a large acreage that is favorable for oil and gas both from the standpoint of development and structure. (1) That portion of the district in the Robinson Basin northwest from the head of Barnes run to Little Tenmile creek, appears good for Gordon sand oil; (2) that, northward from Fonda to Barnes run, between the axis of the Robinson syncline and the 275-foot contour of the Pittsburgh coal, seems favorable for oil at the same horizon; (3) that, westward from the Benjamin Heldreth No. 1 well (330) on the head of Little Elk creek appears good for Gordon oil ; (4) that, southward from Brown to Little Rockcamp run, for gas in the Fifty-foot, Gordon and Fifth ; (5) that, northeast and eastward from Brown to Bennett run, appears favorable for gas at the same horizons ; and (6) that, on the left branch of Flaggy run, for gas in the Maxton, Big Injun and Fifth sands. TEN MILE DISTRICT. Ten Mile district occupies the middle western portion of Harrison county.* Its entire area lies in the Robinson Basin. A glance at the structure map accompanying this report will show that the Pittsburgh coal bed varies in eleva- tion from 200' A. T. near the axis of the Robinson syncline on the northwest corner of the district to 1100' A. T., 0.8 mile southeast of Wolf Summit, 1.5 miles westward from the axis of the Wolf Summit anticline. Hence, ideal structural con- ditions prevail therein for the great oil and gas fields within its boundaries. This district has produced more oil than any other in Harrison county. The main oil horizons are the Maxton, Fifty-foot, Gordon, and Fifth sands. The Gordon production lies chiefly in the Robinson Basin along the western border of the district, and along with the Fifth sand is the most important oil horizon from the stand- point of total production. The location of the pool is ideal as regards the “anticlinal theory" for the accumulation of oil and gas into commercial pools. The fifth sand oil pool occupies a high structural level to the southeast slightly over half way up the western slope 452 PETROLEUM AND NATURAL GAS. of the Wolf Summit anticline. The Fifth sand contains no water in this region, so that it would appear that the location of this oil pool is in direct violation of the anticlinal theory of oil segregation, since the oil should apparently pass down into the Robinson Basin. The records of several deep wells to the northwest of the pool, however, reveal the absence of the Fifth sand, tending to show the sand deposit more or less lenticular. The latter feature no doubt in a large meas- ure accounts for the oil so high up the structural slope. A small Fifty-foot sand oil pool was opened on Indian run, 2 miles north of Bristol, during 1901, directly over a Gordon sand oil pool. The oil was dark and heavy, the pro- duction falling off rapidly, and the wells later drilled on down to the Gordon. A small Maxton oil pool occurs on the east side of Rac- coon run, 1.2 miles southward from Bristol, as represented by the S. S. Cross No. 1 well (461). The development in detail will now be considered from northwest to southeast across the district. In addition to the summarized records (page 408) of the following wells in the Gordon sand oil pool, arranged from northeast to southwest along the Robinson Basin, their more complete logs are pub- lished on the pages indicated of Vol. 1(A) of the State Survey reports : Mapl No. { Name of Well. Location. Page of Vol. 1(A) 402 T. D. Rogers No. 1 2.5 miles W. of Olive 310 403 J. Longh No. 1 2.5 miles N. W. of Marshville. . 315 406 Luther Haymond No. 1. 3.3 miles N. of Salem 314 408 J. W. Williams No. 1.. 1.8 miles N. of Bristol 314 409 J. W. Williams No. 2.. 2 miles N. of Bristol 314 413 A. C. Bailey No. 1 *2.5 miles N. of Salem 323 421 Martha Traugh No. 1.. j In Salem, east edge of 316 433 Silas Fittro No. 2 2 miles S. W. of Salem 292 All the above wells produced oil from the Gordon sand. Rogers No. 1 (402) had an initial production of 275 barrels daily; Lough No. 1 (403), 40 barrels daily, along with gas in the Fifty-foot sand ; Haymond No. 1 (406) in addition to a Gordon oil production had an oil show at a depth of 3257 WEST VIRGINIA GEOLOGICAL SURVEY. 453 feet in the Gordon Stray sand and not in the Thirty-foot as given in the record; Williams Nos. 1 and 2 (408 and 409) were also gassers in the Fifty-foot; Bailey No. 1 (413), was a gasser in the Gordon Stray; Traugh No. 1 (421) had an initial production of 4 to 6 barrels daily. The fifteen following records from Gordon sand oil wells scattered along the Robinson Basin in Ten Mile district, con- tain much data of interest concerning other oil and gas hori- zons than the Gordon : John T. Goodwin No. 1 Well Record (397). ity, South Penn Oil Company. (Elevation, 1075' B-A. T.) Unrecorded Coal, Pittsburgh Unrecorded Big Dunkard sand Unrecorded Salt sand Unrecorded Big Lime Big Injun sand Unrecorded Fifty-foot sand and unrecordec Gordon Stray sand Unrecorded Gordon sand (oil) Bristol. Author- hickness. Total. Feet. Feet. 860 866 1380 . . 70 1450 1850 . . 60 1910 .. 185 2095 2170 .. 130 2300 .. 403 2703 2860 . . 46 2906 2927 . . 25 2952 2969 Luther Haymond No. 15 Well Record (405). Located in Ten Mile District, 3.5 miles N. 10° E. of Salem. Au- thority, South Penn Oil Company. Thickness. Total. (Elevation, 1140' B-A. T.) Feet. Feet. Unrecorded 905 905 Pittsburgh coal 6 911 Unrecorded 529 1440 Sand, Dunkard (Big Dunkard) 60 1500 Unrecorded 250 1750 Sand, Salt? (II Cow Run) 60 1810 Unrecorded 345 2155 Big Lime 60 2215 Big Injun sand 95 2310 Unrecorded 457 2767 Fifty-foot sand 38 2805 Unrecorded 35 2840 454 PETROLEUM AND NATURAL GAS. Thickness. Total. Feet. Feet. Thirty-foot sand 20 2860 Unrecorded 70 2930 Stray sand 22 2952 Unrecorded 15 2967 Gordon sand (oil) 21 2988 Unrecorded to bottom 24 3012 The G. W. Williams No. 1 well, located on Grass run, 2.5 miles northwest of Marshville, is reported to have had an initial production of 1200 barrels daily in the Gordon sand when drilled in 1902. Still making (August, 1910) 8 to 10 barrels daily. Susan Barnes No. 5 Well Record (410). Located in Ten Mile District, 2 % miles north of Bristol. Author- ity, South Penn Oil Company. Thickness. Total. (Elevation, 1085' B-A. T.) Feet. Feet. Unrecorded 770 770 Coal, Pittsburgh 7 777 Unrecorded 513 1290 Sand, Dunkard (Big Dunkard) 20 1310 Unrecorded 270 1580 Sand, Salt? (II Cow Run and Salt) 110 1690 Unrecorded 340 2030 Big Lime 65 2095 Big Injun sand 5 2100 Unrecorded 520 2620 Fifty-foot sand 33 2653 Unrecorded 70 2723 Thirty-foot sand 20 2743 Unrecorded 56 2799 Stray sand 15 2814 Unrecorded 25 2839 Gordon sand (oil) 22 2861 Unrecorded to bottom 62 2923. A. J. Varner No. 8 Well Record (414). Located in Ten Mile District on the head of Jacobs run, 2*4 miles north of Salem. Authority, South Penn Oil Company. Thickness. Total. Feet. Feet. Unrecorded 945 945 Coal, Pittsburgh 5 950 Unrecorded 420 1370 Sand, Dunkard? (I Cow Run).... » 35 1405 Unrecorded 585 2090 WEST VIRGINIA GEOLOGICAL SURVEY. 455 Maxton sand Unrecorded Big Lime Big Injun sand Unrecorded Fifty-foot sand Unrecorded Thirty-foot sand Unrecorded Stray sand Unrecorded Gordon sand (oil) Unrecorded to bottom Thickness. Total. Feet. Feet. . . . . 65 2155 40 2195 45 2240 . ... 115 2355 . ... 433 2788 17 2805 79 2884 . . . . 25 2909 56 2965 25 2990 20 3010 . . . . 12 3022 1 3023 The Fifty-foot sand throughout this portion of Harrison county comes 430 to 470 feet below the Big Injun sand. A. C. Bailey No. 8 Well Record (415). Located in Ten Mile District, 2 miles north of Salem on Cherry- camp run. Authority, South Penn Oil Company. (Elevation, 1145' B-A. T.) Unrecorded Pittsburgh coal and unrecorded Dunkard sand (Big Dunkard).. Unrecorded Salt sand Unrecorded Big Lime Big Injun sand Unrecorded Fifty-foot sand Unrecorded Thirty-foot sand Unrecorded Stray sand Unrecorded Gordon sand (oil) to bottom... Thickness. Total. Feet. Feet. 945 945 500 1445 25 1470 530 2000 . . . . 80 2080 115 2195 45 2240 105 2345 455 2800 . ... 25 2825 . . . . 75 2900 30 2930 44 2974 19 2993 25 3018 26 3044 Thomas Williams No. 1 Well Record (416). Located in Ten Mile District, on Cherrycamp run, 2 miles north of Salem. Authority, South Penn Oil Company. Thickness. Total. Feet. Feet. Unrecorded 967 967 Pittsburgh coal 5 972 Unrecorded 578 1550 Sand, Dunkard (Burning Springs) 60 1610 Unrecorded 190 1800 456 PETROLEUM AND NATURAL GAS. Thickness. Total. Feet. Feet. Sand, Salt? (II Cow Run) 80 18S0 Unrecorded 60 1940 Sand, Maxton? (Salt) 30 1970 Unrecorded 250 2220 Big Lime 40 2260 Big Injun sand 65 2325 Unrecorded 515 2840 Fifty-foot sand 10 2850 Unrecorded 50 2900 Thirty-foot sand 39 2939 Unrecorded 53 2992 Stray sand 18 3010 Unrecorded 23 3033 Gordon sand (oil) 15 3048 Unrecorded to bottom 21 3069 James Morris No. 3 Well Record (417). Located in Ten Mile District, 1 mile northwest of Bristol. Au- thority, South Penn Oil Company. Thickness. Total. (Elevation, 1170' L-A. T.) Feet. Feet. Unrecorded 860 860 Coal, Pittsburgh 5 865 Unrecorded 520 1385 Sand, Dunkard (Big Dunkard) 4 50 1435 Unrecorded 180 1615 Gas sand 35 1650 Unrecorded 50 1700 Sand, Maxton? (Salt) 90 1790 Unrecorded 35# 2140 Big Lime 60 2200 Big Injun sand 105 2305 Unrecorded 500 2805 Thirty-foot sand 25 2830 Unrecorded 40 2870 Stray sand 30 2900 Unrecorded 16 2916 Gordon sand (oil) 30 2946 Unrecorded to bottom 464 3410 Joseph Rosier Heirs No. 1 Well Record (418). Located in Ten Mile District, 1 mile northwest of Bristol. Au- thority, Moon Oil & Gas Company. Completed Sept. 27, 1907. Thickness. Total. (Elevation, 1055' L-A. T.) Feet. Feet. Unrecorded 730 730 Coal, Pittsburgh 6 736 Unrecorded 523 1259 Big Dunkard sand 65 1324 Unrecorded 361 1685 WEST VIRGINIA GEOLOGICAL SURVEY. 457 Thickness. Total. Feet. Feet. Gas? sand (Salt) 95 1780 Unrecorded (Salt sand only shells and broken) 108 1888 Maxtor) sand 63 1951 Unrecorded (Little Lime, broken; no pencil cave) 62 2013 Big Lime 63 2076 Big Injun sand 75 2151 Unrecorded 308 2459 Berea Grit 43 2502 Unrecorded 86 2588 Fifty-foot sand 7 2595 Unrecorded 81 2676 Thirty-foot sand (gas, 2688') 23 2699 Unrecorded 45 2744 Gordon Stray 42 2786 Unrecorded 19 2805 Gordon sand (oil, 2809'-2817') 19 2824 Unrecorded to bottom 17 2841 10" casing, 194'; 8 Vi "casing, 1280'; 6%" casing, 2236'. Shot with 60 quarts. Elizabeth Moon No. 1 Well Record (420). Located in Ten Mile District, % mile northwest of Bristol. Au- thority, G. M. Allender. Thickness. Total. (Elevation, 1175' B-A. T.) Feet. Feet. Unrecorded 460 460 Sand, Bluff? (Carroll) 82 542 Unrecorded 304 846 Coal, Pittsburgh 7 853 Unrecorded 441 1294 Sand, Little Dunkard (I Cow Run) 30 1324 Unrecorded 51 1375 Big Dunkard sand 55 1430 Unrecorded 371 1801 Salt sand 95 1896 Unrecorded 108 2004 Maxton sand 63 2067 Unrecorded 62 2129 Big Lime 63 2192 Big Injun sand 88 2280 Unrecorded 295 2575 Berea Grit 43 2618 Unrecorded (No Fifty-foot sand)....* 74 2792 Thirty-foot sand 23 2815 Unrecorded 40 2855 Gordon Stray sand (gas, 2893') 42 2897 Unrecorded 21 2916 Gordon sand (oil, 2928') 21 2937 Unrecorded to bottom 29 2966 10" casing, 220'; 8*4" casing, 1375'; 6%" casing, 2298'. 458 PETROLEUM AND NATURAL GAS. M. V. Davisson No. 1 Well Record (422). Located in Ten Mile District, 1 mile north of Salem. Authority, G. M. Allender. Thickness. Total. (Elevation, 1090' B-A. T.) Feet. Feet.. Unrecorded 860 Pittsburgh coal 6 866 Unrecorded 1385 Big Dunkard sand 70 1455 Unrecorded 1735 Salt sand (no water) 105 1840 Unrecorded 275 2115 Pencil cave 5 2120 Big Lime 2175 Big Injun sand (light gas, 2246'). 110 2285 Unrecorded 425 2710 Fifty-foot sand (shells only) and unrecorded. . . 82 2792 Thirty-foot sand 25 2817 Unrecorded 51 2868 Gordon Stray sand 44 2912 Unrecorded 2913 Gordon sand (oil, 2919'-2926') . . . . 19 2932 Unrecorded to bottom 28 2960 10" casing, 239'; 8^4 " casing, 1390'; 6%" casing, 2321' G. E. Harbert No. 1 Well Record (424). Located in Ten Mile District, 2 miles northwest of Salem. Au- thority, Carter Oil Company. Completed January 3, 1901. Thickness. Total. (Elevation, 1160' B-A. T.) Feet. Feet. Unrecorded 960 960 Pittsburg coal, good 10 970 Unrecorded 95 1065 Cave 345 1410 Sand, Cow Run (I Cow Run) 20 1430 Cave 60 1490 Unrecorded 335 1825 Salt sand (water, 1835') 110 1935 Unrecorded 215 2150 Maxton sand 16 2166 Unrecorded 75 2241 Big Lime 57 2298 Big Injun sand (gas and oil in top) 107 2405 Unrecorded 557 2962 Gordon Stray 10 2972 Unrecorded 20 2992 Gordon sand (oil, 2994'-2998' and 3004'-3010') 20 3012 Unrecorded 28 3040 Sand (Fourth), (oil, 3044'-3050') to bottom 21 3061 This well records oil in both the Gordon and Fourth sands, and also a show in the top of the Big Injun. WEST VIRGINIA GEOLOGICAL SURVEY. 459 M. Davisson No. 11 Well Record (425). Located in Ten Mi.e District, 1.5 miles northwest of Industrial Authority, South Penn Oil Company. Thickness. Total. (Elevation, 1163' L-A. T:) Feet. Feet. Unrecorded 945 945 Coal, Pittsburgh 5 950- Unrecorded 510 1460 Sand, Dunkard (Big Dunkard) 40 1500 Unrecorded 340 1840 Salt sand 55 1895 Unrecorded 230 2125 Maxton sand 20 2145 Unrecorded 130 2275 Big Injun sand 110 2385 Unrecorded 530 2915 Sand, Fifty-foot? (Thirty-foot) 20 2935 Unrecorded 61 2996 Stray sand 21 3017 Unrecorded 25 3042 Gordon sand (oil) to bottom 10 3052 John F. Randolph No. 1 Well Record (426). Located in Ten Mile District, 1 mile northwest of Industrial. Authority, South Penn Oil Company. Thickness. Total. (Elevation, 1130' B-A. T.) Feet. Feet. Unrecorded 918 918 Coal, Pittsburgh 6 924 Unrecorded 516 1440 Sand, Dunkard (Big Dunkard) 30 1470 Unrecorded 335 1805 Salt sand 151 1956 Unrecorded 120 2076 Maxton sand 24 2100 Unrecorded 75 2175 Big Lime 60 2235 Big Injun sand 67 2302 Unrecorded 518 2820 Fifty-foot sand 15 2835 Unrecorded • 112 2947 Stray sand 7 2954 Unrecorded 30 2984 Gordon sand (oil) to bottom 8 2992 Silas Fittro No. 1 Well Record (432). Located in Ten Mile District, 2 miles southwest of Salem. Au- thority, South Penn Oil Company. Thickness. Total. (Elevation, 1112' L-A. T.) Feet. Feet. Unrecorded 1010 1010 Coal, Pittsburgh 5 1015 Unrecorded 510 1525 460 PETROLEUM AND NATURAL GAS. Thickness. Total. Feet. Feet. Sand, Dunkard (Big Dunkard) 75 1600 Unrecorded 292 1892 Salt sand 48 1940 Unrecorded 362 2302 Big Lime 53 2355 Unrecorded 1 2356 Big Injun sand 144 2500 Unrecorded 550 3050 Stray sand 15 3065 Unrecorded 26 3091 Gordon sand (oil) 15 3106 Unrecorded to bottom 15 3121 The following is the detailed record of a well on the head of Patterson fork at the southwest border of Ten Mile district. The record includes in its top portion over 300 feet of the Dunkard series, and the Washington-Pittsburgh coal interval is shown to be 572 feet. Oil was encountered in both the Gordon Stray and Gordon sands : Patterson No. 3 Well Record (434). Located in Ten Mile District, 1 y 2 miles south of Salem. Author- ity, R. T. Lowndes. Thickness. Total. (Elevation, 1115' B-A. T.) Feet. Feet. Conductor 16 16 Red rock 30 46 Lime (water) 22 68 Black slate 15 83 Red rock, (Creston) 28 111 Lime 30 141 Slate 24 170 Red rock 20 190 Black slate 8 198 Coal, (Washington) 2 200 Slate 23 223 Sand (water) (Mannington) 40 263 Slate 31 294 Sand (water), (Waynesburg) 10 304 Red rock 29 333 Lime 20 353 Black slate 10 363 Lime 50 413 Sand, (Carroll) (Uniontown) 47 460 White slate 8 468 Black slate, (Uniontown coal horizon) 9 477 Lime 27 504 Red rock 10 514 Lime 30 544 WEST VIRGINIA GEOLOGICAL SURVEY. 461 Thickness. Total. Feet. Feet. Black slate 24 568 Lime, (Benwood) 32 600 White sand 27'] Lime 18 }■ (Upper Sewickley) 65 665 White sand 20 J Slate 20 685 Lime 6 691 Slate 9 700 Lime 27 727 Slate 22 749 Coal, (Redstone) 1 750 Lime, (Redstone) 17 767 Fire clay 5 772 Coal, Pittsburgh 6 778 Slate 10 788 Lime 18 806 Slate 22 828 Lime 13 841 Slate 30 871 Red rock 21 892 Black slate 12 904 Lime 18 922 Red rock 26 948 Sand, (Murphy) 40 988 Slate 27 1015 Lime 20 1035 Black slate 21 1056 Lime 27 1083 Slate 23 1106 Lime 9 1115 Slate 15 1130 Lime 24 1154 Black slate 20 1174 Lime shells 30 1206 Black slate 27 1233 Sand, (I Cow Run) 22 1255 Slate 40 1302 Sand, white, (Big Dunkard) 45 1347 Slate 30 1377 Lime 8 1385 Slate 30 1415 Lime 22 1437 Slate 18 1455 Lime 10 1465 Slate 33 1498 Lime 15 1513 Black slate 21 1534 Sand, (II Cow Run) 57 1591 Black s’ate - 13 1604 Lime 1 1605 Slate 42 1647 Sand, (Salt) 21 1668 Slate 7 1675 Sand, (Salt) 103 1778 Slate 12 1790 462 PETROLEUM AND NATURAL GAS. Thickness. Total. T . Feet. Feet. Lime 44 1804 Sand (Salt) ’ 72 1876 Black slate 35 1911 Llme 20 1981 Black slate 35 1966 Lime 10 1976 Sand, (Maxton) 43 4994 slate 15 2009 Lime 32 2041 Slate 14 2055 Lime 12 2067 s!ate 8 2075 Bi 9 Lime 62 2137 Big Injun sand 93 2230 Slate 45 2275 Sand, Squaw 144 2426 Black slate 15 2441 Lime shells 22 2463 Slate 30 2493 Lime 27 2520 Berea Grit 32 2552 Slate 14 2566 Lime shells 27 2593 Black slate 30 2623 Lime slate 24 2647 White slate 27 2674 Black slate 16 2690 Lime 28 2718 Fifty-foot sand (gas, 2725') 24 2742 White slate 17 2759 Lime shells 13 2772 Black slate 40 2812 Gordon Stray sand (oil, 2832') 23 2835 Unrecorded 16 2851 Gordon sand (steel line measurement; little oil on top; oil, 2859') soft and pebbly in lower part, and un- recorded to bottom 37 2888 10" casing, 146'; 8 %" casing, 1262'; 6%" casing, 2282'. A narrow belt of Gordon sand oil wells occurs 1.5 miles northeastward from Bristol, extending northeastward via the mouth of Indian run to Rockcamp run, ^4 mile west of Olive. The two following records are from wells in this pool : F. L. Haney No. 1 Well Record (446). Located in Ten Mile District, 1^4 miles southwest of Marshvil’e. Authority, Graves and Parrish. Completed Dec. 8,. 1905. Thickness. Total. (Elevation, 970' L-A. T.) Feet. Feet. Unrecorded 406 406 Pittsburgh coal 8 414 WEST VIRGINIA GEOLOGICAL SURVEY. 463 Thickness. Total. Feet. Feet. Unrecorded 361 775 Big Dunkard sand 175 950 Unrecorded : 150 1100 Gas sand (water, 1180') 100 1200 Unrecorded 100 1300 Salt sand 120 1420 Maxton sand 80 1725 Unrecorded .• 12 1737 Pencil cave 8 1745 Big Lime 55 1800 Big Injun sand 80 1880 Unrecorded 376 2256 Sand, Upper Thirty-foot? (Gantz) 20 2276 Unrecorded 60 2336 Fifty-foot sand 32 2368 Unrecorded 12 2380 Thirty-foot sand 30 2410 Unrecorded 15 2425 Gordon Stray sand 35 2460 Unrecorded 16 2476 Gordon sand (of. pay, 2508'-2515') to bottom 43 2519 10" casing, 155'; S 1 /*" casing, 924'; 6%" casing, 1900'; 5i 3 c " cas- ing, 2459'. “Shot with 30 quarts, Dec. 9, 1905; shot with 20 quarts June 27, 1906; shot with 10 quarts, May 14, 1907.” Jesse A. Harbert No. 1 Well Record (447). thority, G. M. APender, Contractor. (Elevation, 1160' B-A. T.) Unrecorded Pittsburgh coal Unrecorded Sand, Little Dunkard, (I Cow Run) Unrecorded 1 Big Dunkard sand Unrecorded Gas sand. Unrecorded Maxton sand Little lime. Pencil cave Big Lime Big Injun sand Unrecorded Berea sand Unrecorded Fifty-foot sand Unrecorded Thirty-foot sand Unrecorded of Bristol. Au- ickness. Total. Feet. Feet. . 648 648 6 654 . 401 1055 . 30 1085 . 66 1151 . 35 1186 . 169 1355 . 45 1400 . 445 1845 . 133 1978 4 1982 4 1986 . ,61 2047 . 70 2117 . 296 2413 . 17 2430 . 105 2535 . 23 2558 . 76 2634 . 20 2654 3 2657 . 43 2700 46 i PETROLEUM AND NATURAL GAS. Thickness. Feet. Unrecorded 5 Gordon sand (little oil, 2722') 35 Unrecorded 8 Fourth sand 38 Unrecorded 183 Fifth sand (little oil, 2974') 5 Unrecorded to bottom 139 10" casing, 283'; casing, 1176'; 6%" casing, 1992'. Total. Feet. 2705 2740 2748 2786 2969 2974 3113 Slightly over a mile northwest from Marshville, f he Kinch Oil & Gas Company drilled the T. S. Morris No. 1 (437) gasser in the Maxton sand. The well had a rock pressure of 560 pounds to the square inch, and is probably in the same Maxton gas pool as the wells (385 and 388) one mile southeast from Olive. The Chas. Lanham No. 1 well (441), located 0.6 mile northeast from Marshville, is reported to have had an initial production of 840 barrels daily from the Gordon sand. In addition to the summarized records as given in the table of wells for Harrison county, page 408, the more com- plete records of the following list of wells are published on the pages indicated of Vol. 1(A) of the State Survey reports. The wells are mostly oil producers from the Gordon and Fifth sands : Map] No. | Name of Well. Location. Page of Vol. 1(A). 443 |D. Boughner No. 1 1.0 mile S. E. of Marshville. 325 444 |B. H. Brown No. 13 0.5 mile S. E. of Marshville. 326 445 IB. H. Brown No. 12 0.4 mile S. E. of Marshville. 326 463 [J. M. Fultz No. 6 1.5 mi’e S. W. of Lynch. . . . 321 464 J. M. Fultz No. 4 1.5 mile S. 35° W. of Lynch.) 1 321 465 |G. W. Albright No. 1 1.5 mile S. 20° E. of Bristol. 1 320 467 |G. W. Albright No. 3 1.6 mile S. of Bristol 320 The four following records are from wells in the same Wolf Summit-Jarvisville oil pool in the Fifth sand: Wilson Williams No. 1 Well Record (448). Located in Ten Mile District, 1 % miles north of Wolf Summit. Authority, South Penn Oil Company. Thickness. Total. (Elevation, 1400' B-A. T.) Feet. Feet. Unrecorded 990 990 Big Dunkard sand 132 1122 PLATE XIV. — Famous Swiger Oil Well (618), represented by der- rick near middle of sky-line. The steel-tube derrick on the left is the great Whiteman No. 2 well (619). WEST VIRGINIA GEOLOGICAL SURVEY. 465 Unrecorded Big Lime Unrecorded Big Injun sand Unrecorded Fifty-foot sand Unrecorded Gordon sand Unrecorded Fifth sand (oil) Unrecorded to bottom Thickness. Total. Feet. Feet. 788 1910 75 1985 5 1990 70 2060 460 2520 . . . . 60 2580 110 2690 30 2720 . ... 185 2905 7 2912 . . . . 14 2926 The well starts 25 feet below the Washington coal, ac- cording to D. B. Reger ; hence, the Pittsburgh coal horizon belongs at about 550 feet. The Fifth sand apparently be- longs 215 feet below the top of the Gordon. J. G. Dakon No. 3 Well Record (456). Located in Ten Mile District, % thority, R. T. Lowndes. Completed in (Elevation, 1192' L-A. T.) Conductor mi’e northwest of Lynch. Au- December, 1902. Thickness. Total. Feet. Feet. 8 8 Brown s’ate 72 80 Sand (water) 10 90 White slate 25 115 Red rock 10 125 White slate 50 175 Red rock 25 200 Sand, (Gilboy) 50 250 White slate 40 290 Lime 50 340 Black slate 350 Lime 85 435 B’ue slate 19 454 Green sand 6 460 Green slate 20 480 White slate 20 500 Lime 20 520 Red rock 10 530 Brown slate 27 557 Coal, (Redstone) 5 562 Lime, (Redstone) 10 572 Brown slate 10 582 Pittsburgh coal 8 590 White slate 30 620 Sand 10 630 Slate, white 10 640 L’me 36 676 White sand 4 * 680 466 PETROLEUM AND NATURAL GAS. Thickness. Total. Feet. Feet. Sand, (Minshall) (Connellsvil le) 50 730 White slate 10 740 Red rock 15 755 Lime 10 765 Red rock 120 885 Lime 30 915 Red rock 25 940 Lime 20 960 Brown slate 10 970 Lime 16 986 White slate 26 1012 Sand, Little Dunkard (I Cow Run) 36 1048 Black slate 32 1080 Lime 30 1110 Big Dunkard sand 55 1165 Black slate 55 1170 Lime 30 1200 Sand, (“Gas”) 14 1214 B'ack slate 46 1260 Lime 15 1275 Sand, Salt? (“Gas” and II Cow Run) 125 1400 Black slate 15 1415 Salt sand 32 1447 Black lime 21 1468 Black slate 72 1540 Sand, (Salt) 72 1612 Black slate 28 1640 Sand, (Salt) 48 1688 Slate 57 1745 Lime 80 1825 White slate 5 1830 Lime 10 1840 Blue Monday sand 66 1906 Big Lime 70 1976 Big Injun sand 74 2050 Red rock 10 2060 Lime 160 2220 Blue slate 15 2235 Black lime 10 2245 White slate 35 2280 Lime 20 2300 Black slate 50 2350 Gantz sand 10 2360 Lime 60 2420 Black slate 45 2465 Fifty-foot sand (little gas at top) 35 2500 Slate 45 2545 Thirty-foot sand 15 2560 White slate 8 2568 Broken sand 67 2635 Black slate 7 2642 Gordon Stray (oil show, 2666 J^') 44 2686 Slate 6 2692 Sand, Fourth? (Gordon) sand, gas in top 50 2742 Slate and shells 163 2905 WEST VIRGINIA GEOLOGICAL SURVEY. 467 Thickness. Total. Feet. Feet. Fifth sand (oil and gas show) 3 2908 Unrecorded to bottom 30 2938 10" casing, 120'; 8*4" casing, 1080'; 6%" casing, 2012'. L. E. Stout* No. 1 Well Record (470). Located in Ten Mile District, 1.1 miles northwest of Jarvisville Authority, South Penn Oil Company. Pittsburgh coal and unrecorded (water, 1655 r Big Injun sand Unrecorded Sand, Thirty foot? (Gordon Stray) gas, 2410' Gordon sand and unrecorded Fourth sand and unrecorded. Fifth sand (McDonald) (oil, 2638') and unrecorded hickness. Total. Feet. Feet. ..325 . 325 . .1430 1755 .. 80 1835 .. 555 2390 . . 25 2415 . . 10 2425 .. 115 2540 . . 93 2633 to . . 27 2660 Genius Paynef No. 3 Well Record (474). Located in Ten Mile District, y 8 mile northeast of Deweytown. Authority, South Penn Oil Company. Thickness. Total. (Elevation, 1260' B-A. T.) Feet. Feet. Unrecorded 503 503 Pittsburgh coal 8 511 Unrecorded 439 950 Sand, Dunkard? (I Cow Run) 25 975 Unrecorded 55 1030 Sand, Big Dunkard 20 1050 Unrecorded 518 1568 Salt sand 112 1680 Unrecorded 103 1783 Red rock 44 1827 Unrecorded 13 1840 “Keener”? (Blue Monday) 22 1862 “Big Lime” (part of Injun) 96 1958 “Injun” sand 47 2005 Unrecorded 195 2200 Sand 25 2225 Unrecorded 195 2420 Sand 10'] Break 10 (Fifty-foot 38 2458 Sand 18 J Unrecorded 142 2600 *Vol. I, W. Va. Geol. Survey, page 252; 1899. tVol. I, W. Va. Geol. Survey, p. 253; 1899. 468 PETROLEUM AND NATURAL GAS. Thickness. Total. Feet. Feet. Sand, Stray? Thirty-foot? and unre- ] corded, oil and gas, 2600' 43' }■ (Gordon) . 60. 2660 Sand, Gordon? Campbell’s Run? 17 J Unrecorded 45 2705 Sand, Fourth, and unrecorded 90 2795 Sand, Fifth, McDonald, dry 4 2799 Unrecorded to bottom 40 2839 The identifications in parentheses are by the writer. In this region the top of the Gordon sand comes 2080 to 2100 feet below the Pittsburgh coal, and about 200 feet above the top* of the Fifth sand ; hence, the changes indicated. The Genius Payne No. 6 well (472), located mile to the southeast, was drilled during 1900. It had an initial pro- duction of 400 barrels of oil daily from the Fifth sand, and was still making, in July, 1910, 30 barrels weekly. In the region of Bristol and southwestward between the 400 and 525-foot contours of the Pittsburgh coal bed, as outlined on the map, there occur 15 to 20 gas wells mostly from the Big Injun, Gordon and Fourth sands. The detailed log of the Robinson No. 1 well (459), located 0.4 mile south of Bristol, is published in the Salem section, page 95. It fails, however, to note the horizon at which gas was en- countered. The six following records from this gas region are of special interest: John Haney No. 1 Well Record (458). Located in Ten Mile District, % mile northeast of Bristol. Au- thority, J. E. Trainer. Thickness. Total. (Elevation, 1025' B-A. T.) Feet. Feet. Unrecorded 480 480 First coal, Redstone and unrecorded 30 510 Pittsburgh coal 10 520 Unrecorded 435 955 Big Dunkard sand and unrecorded 545 1500 Salt sand 60 1560 Unrecorded 180 1740 Blue Monday? (Maxton) sand 100 1840 Unrecorded 20 1860 Big Lime 40 1900 Big Injun sand (gas, 1940') 75 1975 TTnrpoorded 75 2050 WEST VIRGINIA GEOLOGICAL SURVEY. 469 Thickness. Total Feet. Feet. Sand, Hundred-foot (Squaw) 50 2100 Unrecorded 200 2300 Sand, white, (Berea) and unrecorded 60 2360 Sand, white (Gantz), (little gas) 20 2380 Unrecorded 120 2500 Sand, Fifty-foot? (Thirty-foot) 31 2531 Unrecorded 15 2546 Sand, white (Gordon Stray) and unrecorded 43 2589 Sand, Stray? (Gordon) 47 2636 Unrecorded 3 2639 Gordon sand (gas, 2645') and unrecorded to bottom.... 26 2665 10" casing, 135'; 8" casing, 1080'; 6%" casing, I860'. The well starts 30 feet below the Washington coal bed. Smith-Williams No. 1 Well Record (460). Located in Ten Mile District, y 2 mile south of Bristol. Authority, Philadelphia Company. Thickness. Total. (Elevation, 1140' B-A. T.) Feet. Feet. Unrecorded 741 741 Pittsburgh coal and unrecorded 1943 2684 Sand, Fifty-foot (gas, 2695') : 11 2695 Unrecorded 34 2729 Sand, Forty-foot? (Thirty-foot) 30 2759 Unrecorded 31 2790 Sand, Gordon? (Gordon Stray) (gas, 2796') 20 2810 Unrecorded 60 2870 Sand, Fourth (gas, 2870') 5 2875 Unrecorded 136 3011 Sand, Fifth (gas, 3011') 7 3018 One mile southward, and on the east side of Raccoon run, the Hope Natural Gas Company drilled during 1910 a 10 to 12-barrel daily Maxton sand oil well (461) on the S. S. Cross farm. The well had not been drilled deeper in July, 1910. Alonzo Rhodes No. 1 Well Record (462). i Located in Ten Mile District, 1% miles southeast of Salem. Au- thority, Trainer Bros. Completed March 23, 1905. Thickness. Total. (Elevation, 1130' B-A. T.) Feet. Feet. Conductor 16 16 Unrecorded (water, 40' and 70') 616 632 Coal, Mapletown (Redstone) 2 634 Unrecorded 30 664 Coal, Pittsburgh 6 670 470 PETROLEUM AND NATURAL GAS. Thickness. Total. Feet. Feet. Unrecorded 390 1060 Sand, Little Dunkard (I Cow Run) 15 1075 Unrecorded (no Big Dunkard sand) 363 1438 Sand, First Salt? (II Cow Run) 40 1478 Unrecorded 100 1578 Salt sand 77 1655 Unrecorded 151 1806 Maxton sand 46 1852 Unrecorded 136 1988 Big Lime..... 54 2042 Break 10 2052 Big Injun sand 85 2137 Unrecorded 278 2415 Berea Grit 30 2445 Unrecorded 77 2522 Sand, soft, Fifty-foot? (Gantz) 22 2544 Unrecorded 77 2621 Sand, Thirty-foot 22 2643 Unrecorded 38 2681 Sand, Gordon Stray 40 2721 Unrecorded 18 2739 Sand, Gordon (gas, 2743' and 2748') and unrecorded to bottom 21 2760 10" casing, 198'; 8%" casing, 1203' Packer set at 2117'. Dorothy Young No. 1 Well Record (469). Located in Ten Mile District, 2 y 2 miles southeast of Salem. Au- thority, Fearless Oil Company. Thickness. Total. (Elevation, 1145' B-A. T.) Feet. Feet. Unrecorded 45 45 Coal, (Washington) and unrecorded 315 360 Coal, (Uniontown), and unrecorded 200 560 Mapletown coal (Sewickley), and unrecorded 80 640 Coal, Pittsburgh, arid unrecorded 560 1200 Big Dunkard sand and unrecorded 740 1940 Sand, “Blue Monday”? (Maxton), gas 20 1960 Pencil cave 10 1970 Big Lime 60 2030 Big Injun sand ,gas, 2100') 110 2140 Unrecorded 325 2465 Sand, gas, Fifty-foot? (Berea) and unrecorded 190 2655 Stray sand (gas) 55 2710 Unrecorded 13 2723 Gordon sand (strong gas) 32 2755 Unrecorded 180 2935 Fifth sand (oil, small) 5 2940 Unrecorded to bottom 10 2950 “Oil filled up 160' in one hour from Fifth sand.” In the above well, gas is reported at five different hori- WEST VIRGINIA GEOLOGICAL SURVEY. 471 .zons; viz., Maxton, Big Injun, Berea, Stray, and Gordon sands. Leeman Maxwell No. 1 Well Record (476). Located in Ten Mile District, 1 % miles west of Deweytown. Au- thority, Southern Oil Company. Completed Feb. 22, 1901. Thickness. Total. (Elevation, 1130' B-A. T.) Feet. Feet. Unrecorded 650 650 Pittsburgh coal and unrecorded 1960 2610 Gas in Thirty-foot sand 2610 Unrecorded 120 2730 Gas in Gordon sand 2730 Unrecorded 205 2935 Sand, Fifth, gas 9 2944 Unrecorded to bottom 106 3050 10" casing, 162'; 6%" casing, 2044'; 3" tubing, 3050'. Serepta Nutter No. 1 Well Record (477). Located in -Ten Mile District, 1% miles west of Deweytown. Au- thority, Southern Oil Company. Completed Jan. 10, 1902. Thickness. Total. (Elevation, 1130' L-A. T.) Feet. Feet. Unrecorded 680 680 Pittsburgh coal and unrecorded 1920 2600 Fifty-foot sand and unrecorded 165 2765 Gordon sand (gas) and unrecorded 206 2971 Fifth sand 5 2976 Unrecorded to bottom 4 2980 6%" casing, 2065'. The southeast border of Ten Mile occupies a high struc- tural level a short distance — 2 to 3 miles — down the western slope from the axis of the Wolf Summit anticline; hence, this portion of the district is very prolific gas territory, contain- ing 30 to 40 wells in the region of Wolf Summit and south- westward to Jarvisville. The two following records of wells from this locality give valuable data as to the gas horizons and the volume of the wells : H. M. Furner No. 1 Well Record (452), Located in Ten Mile District, % mile southwest of Wolf Summit Authority, Washington Gas Company. Completed Sept. 3, 1909 Thickness. Total. ((Elevation, 1165' B-A. T.) Feet. Feet Unrecorded 152 152 Coal, Pittsburgh g 16 q Unrecorded 393 55^ 4:2 PETROLEUM AND NATURAL GAS. Thickness. Feet. Sand, Little Dunkard (I Cow Run) 20 Unrecorded 91 Big Dunkard sand 35 Unrecorded 407 Salt sand 102 Unrecorded 142 Maxton sand 25 Unrecorded 137 Big Lime 55 Big Injun sand 103 Unrecorded 390 Fifty-foot sand 25 Unrecorded 73 Thirty-foot sand (gas) 10 Unrecorded 37 Gordon Stray sand 18 Unrecorded 11 Gordon sand 20 Unrecorded 5 Fourth sand 56 Unrecorded 175 Fifth sand (gas) 30 Slate 18 10" casing, 261'; 6" casing, 1549'; 3" tubing, 2538'. Packer set in Fifty-foot sand, 471' from bottom of hole.” “initial production, 3,000,000 feet of gas daily.” The log fails to record the gas horizons. Copeland Heirs No. 1 Well Record (453). Located in Ten Mile District, 1.5 miles southwest of Wolf mit. Authority, Washington Gas Company. Completed Nov. 4, Thickness. (Elevation, 1150' B-A. T.) Feet. Unrecorded 160 Coal, Pittsburgh 8 Unrecorded 372 Sand, Little Dunkard (I Cow Run) 35 Unrecorded 95 Big Dunkard sand 52 Unrecorded 153 Gas sand 30 Unrecorded 5 Sand, First Salt (Clarion)..... 50 Unrecorded 66 Salt sand 29 Unrecorded 120 Salt sand 65 (Hole reduced at 1250'; gas at 1340'.) Unrecorded 180 Maxton sand 45 Unrecorded 60 Big Lime 75 Total. Feet. 573 664 699 1106 1208 1350 1375 1512 1567 1670 2060 2085 2158 2168 2205 2223 2234 2254 2259 2315 2490 2520 2538 Sum- 1909. Total. Feet. 160 168 540 575 670 722 875 905 910 960 1026 1055 1175 1240 1420 1465 1525 1600 WEST VIRGINIA GEOLOGICAL SURVEY. 473 Thickness. Total. Feet. Feet. Big Injun sand 75 1675 Unrecorded 35 1710 Squaw sand (gas, 1725') 100 1810 Unrecorded 145 1955 Gantz sand 23 1978 Unrecorded 110 2088 Fifty-foot sand 25 2113 Unrecorded 57 21Y0 Thirty-foot sand 9 2179 Unrecorded 9 2188 Stray sand 30 2218 Unrecorded 19 2237 Gordon sand 23 2260 Unrecorded 10 2270 Fourth sand 38 2308 Unrecorded 187 2495 Fifth sand 25 2520 10" casing, 260'; 8" casing, 1240'; 6%" casing, 1550'; 3" tubing, 2525'. “Packer set in Fifty-foot sand, 420' from bottom of hole.” “Initial daily gas production: Maxton sand 4,000,000 cubic feet Big Injun sand 3,000,000 cubic feet Fifth sand 3,000,000 cubic feet Total..... 10,000,000 cubic feet The above results give a fair idea of the great volume of gas obtained in some of the Harrison county wells. Prospective Oil and Gas Territory, Ten Mile District. — Ten Mile district has had more wells drilled for oil and gas within its boundaries than in any other in Harrison county. There yet remain, however, a few scattered areas, covering quite a large acreage, that are favored both by structure and present development to warrant further drilling. (1) That portion of the district lying on the head of Grass and Indian runs to the west of the 250-foot contour of the Pittsburgh coal bed as outlined on the structure map accompanying this report, appears very favorable for many more Gordon sand oil wells; (2) that, on the waters of Jacobs run northwest from the present development 54 mile north of Salem, and westward from Salem to the John F. Randolph No. 1 well (426) for Gordon oil ; (3) that, on the headwaters of Raccoon and Hall runs, and Coburn fork, 1.5 miles southeast of Salem, would warrant further drilling for gas in the sands below the 474 PETROLEUM AND NATURAL GAS. Big Injun down to the Fifth; and (4), that, northwest from the mouth of Indian creek to Grass run appears favorable for several more Gordon sand oil wells. UNION DISTRICT. Union district occupies the southwestern corner of Har- rison county, and -its area is traversed in an almost north and south direction by the great Wolf Summit anticline. The extreme eastern border of the district reaches down almost to the axis of the Shinnston Basin near Byron. A glance at the structure map accompanying this report will show that the greater portion of Union has been elevated to a high structural level by the above mentioned anticline, and largely for that reason some of the greatest gas wells ever struck in the State are located within its borders. The Fifth sand oil pool of Ten Mile district has been extended southwestward along the western border of Union to the Harrison-Lewis county line, and its development will now be considered. The following record is from a well in this pool at its northeastern end in the district : L. J. Ayers* No. 1 Well Record (509). Located in Union District, 0.8 mile southwest of Deweytown. Authority, South Penn Oil Company. Thickness. Total. (Elevation, 1410' B-A. T.) Feet. Feet. Unrecorded 755 755 Pittsburgh coal 6 761 Unrecorded 694 1455 Gas sand (oil show) and unrecorded 570 2025 Maxton sand 55 2080 Unrecorded 120 2200 Big Injun sand 80 2280 Unrecorded 410 2690 Fifty-foot sand 12 2702 Unrecorded 128 2830 Sand, Gordon Stray (gas, 2860') 60 2890 Unrecorded 10 2900 Fourth sand 40 2940 Unrecorded 110 3050 Fifth sand (ail in top) 6 3056 *Vol. I (A), W. Va. Geol. Survey, page 321; 1904. WEST VIRGINIA GEOLOGICAL SURVEY. 475 The record shows the Fifth sand coming 2301 feet below the top of the Pittsburgh coal. In addition to the brief records as given in the table of wells for Harrison county, the more complete logs of the following wells, scattered southwestward along this pool, are published on the pages indicated of Vol. 1(A) of the State Survey reports : Map No. 1 Name of Well. ! Location. j Page of Vol. I (A). 508 Edith Starkey No. 1 ; 0.7 mile S. Deweytown. 326 510 Abram Coffindaffer No. 2 . . . 1.2 mile S. 20° W. D’y’n 336 511 Abram Coffindaffer No. 3... 1.6 mile S. 20° W. D’y’n 337 512 A. Mathey No. 3 1.1 mile N. Big Isaac. . 336 513 F. M. Bailey No. 1 1.5 mile N. 30° W. B. I. 337 514 | A. Mathey No. 6 1 mile N. Big Isaac.. 336 515 .1 Stephen Myers No. 1 1.5 mile N. 10° W. B. I. 335 Southward from Big Isaac there is an apparent break in the oil pool which comes in again slightly over a mile south- ward from the latter point on the head-waters of Tanner fork of Kincheloe. Another oil pool occurs 1.5 miles south- eastward up the structural slope at the same horizon. It is barely possible that this pool may connect to the northwest with the pool at this horizon on the head of Tenmile creek. The following is the record of a well on Stutler fork at the north end of the oil pool east of Benson : F. C. Curry No. 1 Well Record (518). Located in Union District, l 1 ^ miles southeast of Big Isaac. Au- thority, South Penn Oil Company. Thickness. Total. (Elevation, 1090' B-A. T.) Feet. Feet. Unrecorded 840 840 Sand, Dunkard? (Burning Springs) 60 900 Unrecorded 880 1780 Big Lime 50 1780 Big Injun sand 120 1900 Unrecorded 480 2880 Stray sand and unrecorded 10 2890 Gordon sand (gas, 2440') 62 2452 Unrecorded 166 2618 Fifth sand (oil) -5 2628 Unrecorded to bottom 27 2650 47 6 PETROLEUM AND NATURAL GAS. The Pittsburgh coal belongs at about 265 feet in the well ; hence, the sand at 840 feet must correlate with the Burning Springs (Upper Freeport). The detailed log of the J. M. Hall No. 1 well (522), lo- cated one mile due east of Benson, is published in connec- tion with the section for the latter place, page 102. The two following records are from wells in this pool near the Harrison-Lewis county line : Crocker-Hall No. 1 Well Record (523). Located in Union District, 1 % miles South. 60° East of Benson. Authority, Reserve Gas Company. Thickness. Total. (Elevation, 1065' B-A. T.) Feet. Feet. Unrecorded 1635 1635 Big Injun sand 147 1782 Unrecorded (gas in Thirty-foot sand) 436 2218 Sand, Gordon? (Stray and Gordon) 92 2310 Unrecorded 136 2446 Fifth sand (gas) 14 2460 Unrecorded to bottom 2 2462 W. L. Hall No. 3 Well Record (525). Located in Union District, 0.9 mile southeast of Benson. Au- thority, South Penn Oil Company. Thickness. Total. (Elevation, 1050' B-A. T.) Feet. Feet. Unrecorded 1752 1752 Big Injun sand 96 1848 Unrecorded 522 2370 Gordon sand 51 2421 Unrecorded 149 2570 Fifth sand (oil to bottom) 6 2576 The axis of the Wolf Summit anticline enters Union dis- trict from the north, 2.5 miles south about 15° west from Wilsonburg, and along the crest of this fold, and 1 to 4 miles down each slope there occurs a large number of heavy gassers mostly in the Catskill sandstone group. The three following records are from wells in this field : WEST VIRGINIA GEOLOGICAL SURVEY. 477 Sanford Fleming No. 1 Well Record (480). Located in Union District, 2% miles south of Wiisonburg. Au- thority, Reserve Gas Company. Thickness. Total. (Elevation, 1200' B-A. T.) Feet. Feet. Unrecorded 1435 1435 Big Injun sand 120 1555 Unrecorded (gas in Thirty-foot sand) 635 2190 Gordon sand 30 2220 Unrecorded 110 2330 Fifth sand (gas) 21 2351 Unrecorded to bottom 267 2618 Well starts 15 feet below the Pittsburgh coal. Haymond Maxwell No. 1 Well Record (483). Located in Union District, 3 miles east of Jarvisville. Authority, Reserve Gas Company. Thickness. Total. (Elevation, 1155' B-A. T.) Feet. Feet. Unrecorded 1400 1400 Big Injun sand 110 1510 Unrecorded (gas in Thirty-foot sand) 583 2093 Gordon sand 52 2145 Unrecorded 125 2270 Fifth sand (gas) 15 2285 Unrecorded to bottom 57 2342 The well is located nearly on the axis of the Wolf Summit anticline, and it starts about 75 feet below the Pittsburgh coal bed. W. B. Maxwell No. 2005 Well Record (484). Located in Union District, 2 y 2 miles east of Jarvisville. Author- ity, Philadelphia Company. Thickness. Total. (Elevation, 1017' L-A. T.) Feet. Feet. Unrecorded 290 290 Coal (Brush Creek) and unrecorded 36 326 Big Dunkard sand 34 360 Unrecorded 155 515 Gas sand 30 545 Unrecorded 430 975 Sand, Maxton? (Salt) 70 1045 Unrecorded 240 1285 Big Injun sand (gas, 1290') 100 1385 Unrecorded 425 1810 Thirty-foot sand (gas pay, 1815'-1825') 25 1835 478 PETROLEUM AND NATURAL GAS. The well starts about 190 feet below the Pittsbugrh coal bed ; hence, the coal at 290 feet correlates with the Brush Creek of the Conemaugh series. Three miles southeastward, and just east from the axis of the Wolf Summit Arch, there occurs a group of 18 to 20 gas wells surrounding West Milford. The detailed log of G. W. Wolf No. 1 well (487) from this group, is published in connection with the West Milford section, page 100. This well had been abandoned in August, 1910, and at that time was burning in a large flame from the well mouth, the fire having made a considerable excavation. The gas comes from the Fifty-foot. The following record is from another gasser in this group, located 0.3 mile west of the Wolf well. It starts 16 feet by hand-level below the Pittsburgh coal bed, and its record serves as a check on the correlations of the West Milford section, page 100. Harvey Heffner No. 2038 Well Record (488). Located in Union District, 0.5 mile north of West Milford. Au- thority, Philadelphia Company. Completed August 12, 1910. Thickness. Total. (Elevation, 1175' B-A. T.) Feet. Feet. Unrecorded 550 550 Sand, Big Dunkard? (Burning Springs) 86 636 Unrecorded 104 740 Sand, Salt? (Clarion) 25 765 Unrecorded 55 820 Salt sand (water, 995') 205 1025 Unrecorded 125 1150 Sand, Maxton? (Salt) 70 1220 Unrecorded 208 1428 Pencil cave 12 1440 Big Lime 90 1530 Big Injun sand 120 1650 Squaw sand 80 1730 Unrecorded 260 1990 Sand, Thirty-foot (50-ft.) (gas, 2010') 80 2070 Unrecorded 10 2080 Sand, Stray (30-ft.) 16 2096 Unrecorded 10 2106 Sand, Gordon Stray 34 2140 Unrecorded 120 2260 Fourth sand 6 2266 Unrecorded 147 2413 Fifth sand 7 2420 WEST VIRGINIA GEOLOGICAL SURVEY. 479 Thickness. Total. Feet. Feet. Slate to bottom 19 2439 “Pressure to the square inch in 6%" casing (50-ft. sand) : 5th minute, 8 lbs. 30th minute, 70 lbs. 10th minute, 16 lbs. Rock pressure, 135 lbs. “Pressure to the square inch in 3" tubing (5th sand?): 1st minute, 5 lbs. 15th minute, 110 lbs. 5th minute, 25 lbs. 30th minute, 230 lbs. 10th minute, 60 lbs. Rock pressure (24 hrs.), 800 lbs. The three following records are from Union district wells, located on the western slope of the Wolf Summit anticline. All are gassers in the Fifth sand, and at other higher horizons in the Catskill sandstone series. The first two contain inter- esting data as to gas pressure in this locality: Nancy Nicholson No. 1979 Well Record (494). Located in Union District, 1 y 2 miles S. 10° W. ot Jarvisville. Authority, Philadelphia Company. Completed Nov. 22, 1909. Thickness. Total. (Elevation, 1155' B-A. T.) Feet. Feet. Unrecorded 230 230 Pittsburgh coal 5 235 Unrecorded 395 630 Sand, Little Dunkard (I Cow Run) 20 650 Unrecorded 270 920 Sand, Big Dunkard (“Gas”) 70 990 Unrecorded 64 1054 Sand, Salt (II Cow Run and Salt) 244 1298 Unrecorded 56 1354 Sand, Maxton? (Salt) 36 1390 Unrecorded 250 1640 Big Lime 46 1686 Big Injun sand 70 1756 Unrecorded 358 2114 Fifty-foot sand 63 2177 Thirty-foot sand 20 2197 Unrecorded 53 2250 Gordon Stray sand 40 2290 Unrecorded 20 2310 Gordon sand (gas, 2354') 44 2354 Unrecorded 4 2358 Fourth sand 36 2394 Unrecorded 143 2537 Fifth sand (gas, 2538') 6 2543 Unrecorded to bottom 40 2583 10" casing, 236'; 8*4" casing, 1562'; 6%" casing, 2019'; 3" tubing <2589')? Pressure test to the square inch in 3" tubing: 1st minute, 80 lbs. 15th minute, 490 lbs. 5th minute, 240 lbs. 30th minute, 620 lbs. 10th minute, 390 lbs. Rock pressure (48 Hrs.), 780 lbs. 480 PETROLEUM AND NATURAL GAS. I. C. Bennett No. 1 Well Record (495). Located in Union District, 1.5 miles south of Jarvisville. Author- ity, Washington Gas Company. Thickness. Total. (Elevation, 1160' B-A. T.) Feet. Feet. Unrecorded 220 220 Coal, Pittsburgh 6 226 Unrecorded 424 650 Sand, Little Dunkard (I Cow Run) 25 675 Unrecorded 155 830 Sand, “Gas”? (Burning Springs) 25 855 Unrecorded 55 910 Sand, “Second Gas”? (“Gas”) 1005 Unrecorded 45 1050 Sand, First Salt? (II Cow Run) 20 1070 Unrecorded 50 1120 Salt sand . 1160 Unrecorded 40 1200 Salt sand 160 1360 Unrecorded 100 1460 Red rock 67 1527 Maxton sand (heavy salt water, 1545').. 95 1622 Unrecorded 5 1627 Big Lime 65 1692 Big Injun sand 97 1780 Unrecorded 231 2020 Sand, Gantz? (Berea)...., 2045 Unrecorded 92 2137 Fifty-foot sand 23 2160 Unrecorded 78 2238 Thirty-foot sand 17 2255 Unrecorded 5 2260 Stray sand 2305 Unrecorded 10 2315 Gordon sand (gas, 2322').. 74 2389 Unrecorded 20 , 2409 Fourth sand 10 2419 Unrecorded 125 2544 Fifth sand (gas, 2546') 8 2552 Unrecorded to bottom 9 2561 10" casing, 320'; 8}4" casing, 765'; 6%" casing, 1630'; 5" casing. 2356'. Rock pressure to the square inch in Gordon sand, 900 lbs. Rock pressure to the square inch in Fifth sand, 750 lbs. The above results are unusual, in that the deeper sand usually has the higher rock pressure.. The exception in this case is no doubt largely due to the many Fifth sand gassers to the north and eastward, all of which have tended to lower the original pressure at this horizon. and Topography of Monongahela series. WEST VIRGINIA GEOLOGICAL SURVEY. 481 W. B. Brown No. 1588 Well Record (496). Located % mi.e northwest of Tichenal, Union District. Authority, Hope Natural Gas Company. Thickness. Total. (Elevation, 1170' B-A. T.) Feet. Feet. Unrecorded 1696 1696 Big Injun sand 104 1800 Unrecorded, gas in Gantz and Fifty-foot sands 541 2341 Sand, Gordon? (Fourth) 32 2373 Unrecorded 21 2494 Sand, Fifth (gas) 9 2503 Unrecorded to bottom 10 2513 The well starts 135 feet by aneroid above the base of the Pittsburgh coal bed. One mile northwest of Goodhope, there is found one of the largest gas wells ever drilled in the State. This is the Jacob McConkey No. 1 well (498), the detailed record of which, including volume and rock pressure, is published in connection with the Goodhope section, page 103. The well is located slightly over a mile west of the axis of the Wolf Summit anticline. The three following records are from wells located a short distance west of the crest of the above mentioned anticline, in the southeast portion of Union district : W. S. Burnside No. 1 Well Record (500). Located in Union District, in Goodhope. Authority, Hope Natural Gas Company. Thickness. Total. (Elevation, 1015' L-A. T.) Feet. Feet. Unrecorded 70 70 Native coal, (Harlem) 4 74 Unrecorded 91 165 Coal (Brush Creek) 5 170 Unrecorded 71 241 Sand, Little Dunkard? (Big Dunkard) 40 281 Unrecorded 94 375 Sand, Big Dunkard? (Burning Springs) 23 398 Unrecorded 107 505 Coal, (Lower Kittanning) 2 507 Unrecorded 5 512 Gas? sand (Clarion) 60 572 Unrecorded 35 607 Sand, First Salt? (II Cow Run) 55 662 Coal, (Tionesta) 2 664 482 PETROLEUM AND NATURAL GAS. Thickness. Total. Feet. Feet. Unrecorded 62 722 Salt sand 58 780 Unrecorded 75 855 Sand, Maxton? (Salt) 45 900 Unrecorded 125 1025 Red rock 13 1038 Unrecorded 124 1162 Little lime / 8 1170 Pencil cave 25 1195 Big Lime (gas, 1210'; oil, 1212') 77 1272 Big Injun sand. 10" casing, 349'; 8 casing, 709'; 6%" casing, 1281'. The well starts 250 to 260 feet below the Pittsburgh coal bed. William Gaston No. 1 Well Record (501). Located in Union District, 2% miles southwest of Goodhope. Au- thority, Hope Natural Gas Company. Thickness. Total. (Elevation, 1090' B-A. T.) Feet. Feet. Unrecorded 1669 1669 Big Injun sand 80 1749 Unrecorded (gas in Gantz and Stray sands) 543 2292 Gordon sand 20 2312 Unrecorded 103 2415 Fifth sand (gas) to bottom 14 y 2 2429^ The well starts 55 feet above the base of the Redstone coal. C. C. Tallman* No. 1 Well Record (504). Located in Union District, at Mineral. Gas Company. (Elevation, 994' L-A. T.) Unrecorded Sand, Big Dunkard? (Burning Springs) Unrecorded Sand, Salt? (II Cow Run and Salt) Unrecorded Big Lime Big Injun sand Unrecorded Berea sand Unrecorded Fifty-foot sand (gas, 1985') Unrecorded Authority, Hope Natural Thickness. Total. Feet. Feet. 575 575 60 635 205 840 135 975 490 1465 80 1545 90 1635 175 1810 25 1835 130 1965 25 1990 25 2015 *Vol. I (A), W. Va. Geol. Survey, p. 333; 1904. WEST VIRGINIA GEOLOGICAL SURVEY. 483 Thickness. Total. Feet. Feet. Sand, Stray? (30-ft. and Stray) 75 2090 Unrecorded 10 2100 Gordon sand (gas, 2120')...- 35 2135 Unrecorded 175 2310 Fifth sand (gas, 2315') 10 2320 Unrecorded to bottom 65 2385 The well starts flush with the base of the Pittsburgh coal bed. In the extreme southeast corner of the district, the Hope Natural Gas Company drilled the Arthur Rhodes No. 2 well (506), in which gas is reported in the Gantz sand. The weli starts 25 feet below the Ames limestone, and its brief record is given in the table of wells for Harrison county. Prospective Oil and Gas Territory, Union District. — While a large number of wells have been drilled in Union district, yet, there still remains a large acreage that would warrant further test wells. This is especially true as regards gas, since the central and eastern portions of the district occu- pies a high structural level as compared to the western bor- der of Harrison county. (1) That portion of the district immediately northeast of Benson and northwest of the J. M. Hall No. 1 well (522) may hold the connecting pool to the Fifth sand oil field on the head-waters of Tanner fork of Kincheloe creek; (2) that, along the line joining Frank C. Curry No. 1 well (518), 1.3 miles southeast of Big Isaac, to the J. T. Somerville No. 2 well (313), 0.5 mile northeast of Big Isaac, appears good for gas with a chance of Fifth sand oil; (3) that, southwestward from Isaacs creek to Kincheloe creek, and eastward to the West Fork river from the 1000- foot contour of the Pittsburgh coal bed as outlined on the map, for gas in the Fifty-foot, Gordon, and Fifth sands; (4) that, north and northeast of Tichenal to Buffalo creek, for gas at the same horizons; (5) that, southward along the axis of the Wolf Summit anticline as outlined on the economic geology map accompanying this report from Sycamore creek to its first intersection with West Fork river, for gas; and (6) all that portion of the district east of a north and south line through West Milford, for gas. 484 PETROLEUM AND NATURAL GAS. EAGLE DISTRICT. Eagle district occupies the north central portion of Harrison county, and its area is traversed in a northeast- southwest direction by the Wolf Summit anticline, the latter fold therein having more or less of a dome structure. Its northwest corner reaches almost to the axis of the Robinson Basin, while its extreme eastern point barely reaches the axis of the Shinnston Basin. A glance at the structure map accompanying this report will show that much relief prevails in the district, in that the Pittsburgh coal bed has been ele- vated by the Wolf Summit Arch from 175 feet above tide 2 miles west of Margaret, to 1175 feet above tide, 2 miles westward from Lumberport, or a range in elevation of 1000 feet; hence, conditions are ideal from a structure standpoint for the segregation of its oil and gas into pools of commer- cial value. Five separate oil pools occur in the district, two of which are in the Fourth sand, one in the Gordon ; one in the Gordon Stray, and the other in the Thirty-foot sand. One of the Fourth sand pools is located one mile west of Shinnston, and the other, near the head of Lambert run. The Gordon pool is located in the northwestern corner of the district; the Thirty-foot pool near Margaret, and the Gordon Stray, south and east of Margaret. A great gas field at several different horizons occurs along the crest of the Wolf Summit anticline, and 2 to 4 miles down the adjacent slopes of the latter fold. The oil and gas development in the district will now be considered from the northwest to southeast. In the northwest corner of Eagle district, there occurs a pool of 35 to 40 Gordon sand oil wells. The seven follow- ing records are from wells in this locality: H. S. Davis No. 1 Well Record (532). Located in Eagle District, 1^4 miles N. 80° W. of Margaret. Au- thority, South Penn Oil Company. Completed July 6, 1904. Thickness. Total. (Elevation, 1140' B-A. T.) Feet. Feet. Unrecorded 865 865 Coal, Pittsburgh 5 870 WEST VIRGINIA GEOLOGICAL SURVEY. 485 Thickness. Total. Feet. Feet. Unrecorded 420 1290 Sand, Dunkard? (I Cow Run) (oil, 1306') 61 1351 Unrecorded 360 1711 Sand, Salt? (II Cow Run and Sa t) 214 1925 Unrecorded 75 2000 JVlaxton sand 20 2020 Unrecorded 80 2100 Big Lime 50 2150 Big Injun sand 109 2259 Unrecorded 501 2760 Fifty-foot sand 20 2780 Unrecorded 60 2840 Thirty-foot sand 30 2870 Unrecorded 50 2920 Sand, Stray (Gordon Stray) 53 2973 Unrecorded 15 2988 Sand, Gordon (oil, 3003') and unrecorded to bottom 24 3012 10" casing, 356'; 8*4" casing, 1457'; 6%" casing, 1926'; 5&" casing, 2845'. In addition to a Gordon sand production, a showing of oil is reported in the 1 Cow Run sand. Simon S. Shriver No. 2 Well Record (533). Located in Eagle District, 1.1 miles west of Margaret. Authority, South Penn Oil Company. Completed Nov. 15, 1904. Thickness. Total. (Elevation, 1160' B-A. T.) Feet. Feet. Unrecorded 860 860 Coal, Pittsburgh 5 865 Unrecorded 500 1365 Sand, Dunkard (Big Dunkard) 105 1470 Unrecorded 330 1800 Salt sand 200 2000 Unrecorded 85 2085 Big Lime 40 2125 Big Injun sand 115 2240 Unrecorded 510 2750 Fifty-foot sand 35 2785 Unrecorded : 90 2875 Stray sand 70 2945 Unrecorded 9 2954 Gordon sand (oil, 2962') 44 2998 Unrecorded to bottom 28 3026 Conductor, 16'; 10" casing, 270'; 8^" casing, 1282'; 6%" casing, 2508'. J. E. Copenhaver No. 1 Well Record (534). Located in Eagle District, % mile S. 70° W. of Margaret. Au- thority, South Penn Oil Company. Completed March 13, 1904. Thickness. Total. (Elevation, 1160' B-A. T.) Feet. Feet. Unrecorded 1080 1080 486 PETROLEUM AND NATURAL GAS. Thickness. Total. Feet. Feet. Coal, Pittsburgh 1085 Unrecorded 475 1560 Sand, Dunkard (Big Dunkard) . 56 1616 Unrecorded 1965 Sand, Salt 80 2045 Unrecorded 2265 Big Lime 80 2345 Sand, Big Injun 100 2445 Unrecorded 490 2935 Sand, Fifty-foot? (3C-ft.) 25 2960 Unrecorded 3100 Stray sand 3150 Unrecorded 10 3160 Gordon sand (gas, 3183') 28 3188 Unrecorded to bottom 49 3237 10" casing, 336'; 814" casing, 1866'; 6%" casing, 2759'. Cena Copenhaver No. 1 Well Record (540). # Located in Eagle District, 1 mile southwest of Margaret. Author- ity, South Penn Oil Company. Completed May 23, 1908. Thickness. Tota). (Elevation, 1135' B-A. T.) Feet. Feet. Unrecorded 750 Coal, Pittsburgh 5 755 Unrecorded 349 1104 Sand, Little Dunkard? (Moundsville and I Cow Run)... 116 1220 Unrecorded 60 1280 Big Dunkard sand 20 1300 Unrecorded 1500 Sand, Gas? (II Cow Run) (gas pay, 1600'-1604' to bot- tom 104 1604 Conductor, 8'; 10" casing, 170'; 814" casing, 1288'. “Gas test, 18/10 water in 8 *4" casing.” This test is equivalent to a gas volume of 3,400,000 cubic feet daily from the II Cow Run sand, the largest flow ob- served at this horizon in the Doddridge-Harrison area. C. L. Starkey No. 1 Well Record (541). Located in Eag^e District, 1 % miles southwest of Margaret. Au- thority, South Penn Oil Company. Completed June 23, 1909. Thickness. Total. (Elevation, 1105' B-A. T.) Feet. Feet. Unrecorded (steel line) 770 770 Coal, Pittsburgh 6 776 Unrecorded 418 1194 Sand, Little Dunkard (I Cow Run) 26 1221) Unrecorded 65 1285 WEST VIRGINIA GEOLOGICAL SURVEY. 487 Thickness. Total. Feet. Feet. Big Dunkard sand 50 1335 Unrecorded 300 1635 Salt sand 225 1860 Unrecorded 55 1915 Maxton sand 25 1940 Unrecorded 30 1970 Big Lime 20 1990 Unrecorded 60 2050 Big Injun sand 120 2170 Unrecorded 468 2638 Fifty-foot sand (gas, 2652') 42 2680 Unrecorded 55 2735 Thirty-foot sand 20 2755 Unrecorded 54 2809 Stray sand 57 2866 Unrecorded 10 2876 Gordon sand 39 2915 Unrecorded to bottom 91 3006 Conductor, 12'; 10" casing, 147'; 8%" casing, 1285'; 6%" casing, 2010'; 5 T V' casing, 2665'. (Enoch) C. L. Starkey No. 2 Well Record (542). Located in Eagle District, 1.5 miles southwest of Margaret. Au- thority, South Penn Oil Company. Thickness. Total. Feet. Feet. Unrecorded 1079 1079 Coal, Pittsburgh 3 1082 Unrecorded 1237 2319 Big Lime 44 2363 Big Injun sand 117 2480 Unrecorded 628 3108 Stray sand 52 3160 Unrecorded . /. 18 3178 Gordon sand (oil pay, 3196') 39 3217 Unrecorded to bottom 13 3230 (H. S.) Sarah Davis No. 1 Well Record (543). Located in Eagle District, 1.5 miles southwest of Margaret. Au- thority, Carnegie Natural Gas Company. (Elevation, 1270' B-A. T.) Unrecorded Coal, Pittsburgh Unrecorded Big Injun sand (gas, 2240') 10" casing, 160'; 8V±" casing, 1385'; 2269'. Thickness. Feet. 860 5 1365 6%" casing, 2205'; 3" Total. Feet. 860 865 2230 tubing, “Rock pressure, 500 lbs to the square inch.” 488 PETROLEUM AND NATURAL GAS. The two following records are from the Thirty-foot sand pool at Margaret and to the northeast in the edge of Marion county : Serena Wyer No. 1 Well Record (535). Located in Eagle District, at Margaret. Authority, South Penn Oil Company. Completed Sept. 13, 1909. Thickness. Total. (Elevation, 1025' B-A. T.) Feet. Feet. Unrecorded 595 595 Coal, Pittsburgh (steel line) 6 601 Unrecorded 279 980 Sand, Litt’e Dunkard (Grafton) 26 1006 Unrecorded 19 1025 Sand, Big Dunkard? (I Cow Run) 25 1050 Unrecorded 500 1550 Salt sand 35 1685 Unrecorded 85 1770 Maxton sand 25 1795 Unrecorded 67 1862 Big Lime 51 1913 Big Injun sand 125 2038 Unrecorded 479 2517 Fifty-foot sand 36 2553 Unrecorded 36 2589 Thirty-foot sand (oil pay, 2590') 8 2607 Unrecorded 69 2676 Stray sand 76 2732 Unrecorded 10 2742 Gordon sand 40 2782 Unrecorded to bottom 7 2789 10" casing, 212'; 8%" casing, 1030'; 6%" casing, 1872'; 5^" casing, 2519'. Isabel Moore No, 1 Well Record (537). Located y 2 mile east of Margaret in Mannington District, Marion County. Authority, Carnegie Natural Gas Company. Thickness. Total. (Elevation, 1065' B-A. T.) Feet. Feet. Unrecorded 617 617 Coal, Pittsburgh 6 623 Unrecorded 1295 1918 Big Injun sand 142 2060 Unrecorded 380 2440 Gantz sand 30 2470 Unrecorded 80 2550 Fifty-foot sand 30 2580 Unrecorded 37 2617 Thirty-foot sand (oil) 13 2630 Unrecorded to bottom 10 2640 10" casing, 230'; 8*4" casing, 1070'; 6%" casing, 1870'. “Initial production, 5 barrels daily from 30ft.” ! u. WEST VIRGINIA GEOLOGICAL SURVEY. 489 The two following records are from wells in the Gordon Stray sand a short distance east and south from Margaret: L. V. Morris No. 1 Well Record (536). Located in Eagle District, y 2 mile southeast of Margaret. Au- thority, South Penn Oil Company. Thickness. Total. (Elevation, 1030' B-A. T.) Feet. Feet. Unrecorded 885 885 Sand, Little Dunkard (Grafton) 25 910 Unrecorded 105 1015 Sand, Big Dunkard? (I Cow Run) 15 1030 Unrecorded 270 1300 Gas sand 80 1380 Unrecorded 85 1405 Salt sand 180 1645 Unrecorded 83 1728 Maxton sand 22 1750 Unrecorded 50 1800 Little lime 15 1815 Unrecorded 5 1820 Big Lime 36 1856 Big Injun sand 145 2001 Unrecorded 471 2472 Fifty-foot sand 13 2485 Unrecorded 67 2552 Thirty-foot sand 13'] Unrecorded 23 }-“30-ft.” 58 2610 Bou’der sand 22 J Unrecorded 20 2630 Stray sand (oil, 2559') 55 2685 Unrecorded 6 2691 Gordon sand 19 2710 Unrecorded 50 2760 Fourth sand 10 2770 Unrecorded 112 2882 Fifth sand 6 2888 Unrecorded to bottom 172 3060 The oil sand in the above well comes over 70 feet deeper below the top of- the Big Injun sand than the oil sand in the Wyer and Moore wells (535 and 537) given above; hence, the pay streak occurs in the Gordon Stray. Sarah A. Baker No. 1 Well Record (539). Located in Eagle District, 1.1 miles S. 30° W. of Margaret. Au- thority, South Penn Oil Company. Completed April 1, 1909. Thickness. Total. (Elevation, 1300' L-A. T.) Feet. Feet. Unrecorded 858 858 Coal, Pittsburgh 4 862 490 PETROLEUM AND NATURAL GAS. Thickness. Total. Unrecorded Feet. 346 Feet. 1208 Sand, Little Dunkard? (Moundsville) 20 1228 Unrecorded 72 1300 Sand, Big Dunkard? (I Cow Run) 13 1313 Unrecorded 367 1680 Sand, Salt? (11 Cow Run and Sat) 280 1960 Unrecorded 120 2080 Maxton sand 2090 Unrecorded 2110 Big Lime 2170 Big Injun sand . . . 2315 Unrecorded 542 2857 Thirty-foot sand 12 2869 Unrecorded 76 2945 Stray sand (oil pay, 2865') . . 2983 Unrecorded 2987 Sand, Gordon Unrecorded , 7' j 9 j- (Gordon) 26 3013 Sand, Second Gordon Unrecorded to bottom 10 J 3290 Conductor, 16'; 10" casing, 150'; 8^" casing, 1313'; 6%" casing, 2100'; 5 T y' casing, 2869'. The rocks rise very rapidly southeastward from Margaret on the western slope of the Wolf Summit anticline; hence, on Bingamon creek, in the region of Grangeville, there occurs a great gas field in several different sands. The six following records of wells in Eagle district on the waters of Bingamon creek, give much valuable data as to volume, pressure, and gas horizons : Daniel F. Cunningham No. 1 Well Record (544). Located in Eagle District, 1 % miles east of Margaret. Authority, South Penn Oil Company. Completed May 30, 1904. Thickness. Total. (Elevation, 1010' B-A. T.) Feet. Feet. Unrecorded .782 782 Coal, Pittsburgh (steel line) 5 787 Unrecorded 463 1250 Sand, Dunkard (Big Dunkard) 100 1350 Unrecorded 330 1680 Salt sand 100 1780 Unrecorded 225 2005 Big Lime 65 2070 Big Injun sand 110 2180 Unrecorded 500 2680 Fifty-foot sand 20 2700 Unrecorded 76 2776 Stray sand 84 2860 WEST VIRGINIA GEOLOGICAL SURVEY. 491 Thickness. Total. Feet. Feet. Unrecorded 6 2866 Gordon sand (gas, 2902') 100 296fr Unrecorded to bottom 406 3372 10" casing, 281'; 8^4" casing, 1186'; 6%" casing, 2192'. B. F. Griffin No. 1 Well Record (551). Located in Eagle District, % mile south of Grangeville. Authority, Carnegie Natural Gas Company. Completed April 19, 1910. Thickness. Total. Feet. Feet. Unrecorded 485 485 Pittsburgh coal 10 495 Unrecorded 1305 1800 Big Injun sand 150 1950 Unrecorded 310 2260 Sand, Gantz? (Berea) 30 2290 Unrecorded 108 2398 Fifty-foot sand (gas, 2397') 45 2443 Unrecorded 33 247& Thirty-foot sand (gas, 2377') 15 2491 10" casing, 500'; S 1 /^" casing, 1006'; 6%" casing, 1400'. “Pressure, open flow: 0.4" mercury in 6%" pipe.” The pressure test shows the well to have a volume of 3,850,000 cubic feet daily. Daniel E. Shaw No. 1 Well Record (552). Located in Eagle District, 1% miles southeast of Margaret. Au- thority, Carnegie Natural Gas Company. Completed Jan. 25, 1909. Thickness. Total. (Elevation, 1285' B-A. T.) Feet. Feet. Unrecorded 670 670 Pittsburgh coal 8 678 Unrecorded 1283 1961 Big Injun sand (gas, 1973', 1991', and 2438') 135 2096 Unrecorded 477 2573 Sand, Gantz? (Fifty-foot) (gas, 2610') 52 2625 Unrecorded 23 2648 Sand, Fifty-foot? (Thirty-foot) 22 2670 Unrecorded 25 2695 Gordon Stray sand 112 2807 Gordon sand 33 2840 Unrecorded 15 2855 Fourth sand 8 2863 Unrecorded 117 2980 Fifth sand to bottom 6 2986 10 ' casing, 310'; casing, 1164'; 6%" casing, 1939'; 3" tubing, 1956'. Pressure to the square inch in 3" tubing: 1st minute, 75 lbs.; rock pressure, -650 lbs. 492 PETROLEUM AND NATURAL GAS. The gas pay at 2610 feet occurs in the Fifty-foot instead of the Gantz as given by the driller, since the former sand belongs 450 to 480 feet below the Big Injun sand. Odell V. Ashcraft No. 2117 Well Record (555). Located in Eagle District, 1% miles west of Sturms Mill. Au- thority, Philadelphia Company. Completed Sept. 26, 1906. Thickness. Total. (Elevation, 1170' B-A. T.) Feet. Feet. Unrecorded 280 280 Pittsburgh coal 8 288 Unrecorded 1312 1600 Big Lime 65 1665 Big Injun sand (gas, 1775'; break, 1765'-1770') 125 1790 Unrecorded 410 2200 Fifty-foot sand 50 2250 Unrecorded 220 2470 Gordon sand 15 2485 Unrecorded 5 2490 Fourth sand 15 2505 Unrecorded (gas, 2537') 146 2651 Fifth sand (gas, 2654') 3 2654 Unrecorded to bottom 62 2716 10" casing, 320'; 8%" casing, 1065'; 6%" casing, 1615'; 3" casing, 2227'. “Pressure test to the square inch in (3"?) pipe: 1st % minute, 25 lbs. 10th minute, 170 lbs. 1st minute, 40 lbs. 15th minute, 230 lbs. 2nd minute, 60 lbs. 30th minute, 340 lbs. 5th minute, 110 lbs. Rock pressure, 670 lbs. Wm. Chalfant No. 1878 Well Record (559). Located in Eagle District, *4 mile south of Peora. Authority, Philadelphia Company. (Elevation,, 1190' L-A.T.). 2536 ft. of 3" tubing. Pressure to the sq. inch in 3" tubing on Aug. 4, 1910: 1st y 2 minute, 15 lbs. 10th minute, 130 lbs. 1st minute, 25 lbs. 15th minute, 167 lbs. 2nd minute, 43 lbs. 30th minute, 225 lbs. 5th minute, 83 lbs. Rock pressure, 355 lbs. The writer failed to obtain the log of this well, but the Pittsburgh coal belongs at about 150 feet in depth in the well, which, along with the length (2536 feet) of 3" tubing used, is evidence that the test is for Fifth sand gas. It is also reported a gasser in the Big Injun. WEST VIRGINIA GEOLOGICAL SURVEY. 493 James Coffman No. 1 Well Record (564). Located in Eagle District, 2 miles N. 85° W. of Peora. Anthority, Fairmont and Grafton Gas Company. Thickness Total (Elevation, 1085' B-A.T. Feet. Feet. {Unrecorded 97 97 Pittsburgh coal and unrecorded 1419 1516 Big Injun sand (gas, 1520') 42 1558 Unrecorded 292 1850 Berea sand, grayish white (gas, 1852') 2 1852 Unrecorded 116 1968 Fifty-foot sand (shell) and unrecorded 337 2306 Fourth sand 16 2321 Unrecorded (no Fifth sand) 147 2478 Sand, Bayard? (Fifth) (gas, 2480') 7 2485 “Sand, dark and full of white pebbles. Drilled to 2808 feet, but found no more sand below the Bayard. The formation was composed of white and black slate and a few thin limy shells. Small gas well; good for a million feet.” The record and data are republished from page 328 of Vol. 1(A) of the State Survey reports to correct errors of correlation. The true Bayard sand belongs 100 feet lower than the sand at 2478 feet; hence, the latter represents the Fifth sand. This well has been drilled several years as is evident from the last sentence of the above quotation. J. B. Cunningham No. 1 Well Record (563). Located in Eagle District, 0.9 mile southwest of Wyatt. Authority, T. B. Peddicord, Foreman, Fairmont & Grafton Gas Company. Com- pleted about 1890. Thickness. Total. (Elevation, 1000' B-A. T.) Feet. Feet. Slate and lime 140 140 Slate 60 200 Red rock (Pittsburgh) 100 300 Slate 40 340 Gray sand, Little Dunkard? salt water (Moundsville) . . . 50 390 Slate 32 422 Sand, (Big Dunkard) 130 552 Slate 136 688 White sand (Gas sand) 78 766 Coal, (Clarion) 8 774 Slate 26 800 Sand, (II Cow Run) 35 835 Slate 40 875 Sand, (Salt) 191 1066 Slate 4 1070 Sand 20 1090 494 PETROLEUM AND NATURAL GAS. Thickness. Total. Feet. Feet. Slate 32 1122 Sand 38 1160 Red rock 85 1245 White slate 8 1253 Lime, (Big Lime) 112 1365 Sand 65'] Slate 37 }■ (Big Injun) 124 1489 Sand, “Mannington Oil” 22 j Slate 359 1848 Sand, (Berea) 8 1856 Slate 44 1900 Sahd (Gantz) 18 1918 Slate 2 1920 Sand, hard (Fifty-foot) 48 1968 Slate 20 1988 Sand 12 2000 Black sand and slate 35 2035 Red rock 23 2058 Sand, white, (Thirty-foot gas) 32 2090 Red rock 70 2160 Sand, gray, (Gordon Stray) 13 2173 Black slate 16 2189 Gordon sand (big gas) 11 2200 Slate 15 2215 Gray sand (Fourth) 13 2228 Slate to bottom 148 2376 “Producing in August, 1904, (13 or 14 years after completion), 300,000 cu. ft. of gas daily. Rock pressure, same .date, 450 lbs.” The well starts 10 feet below the Pittsburgh coal. The identifications in parentheses are by the writer. Jones creek flows in a southeast direction almost entirely across Eagle district, and intersects the Wolf Summit anti- cline near the summit of the structural dome rn this fold ; hence, the area drained by this stream is a great gas field on which a large number of producing wells have already been drilled. The seven following records from wells on this creek, give much valuable data : Harriet A. Michael No. 2342 Well Record (565). . Located in Eagle District, 2.3 miles southwest of Grangeville. Authority, Philadelphia Company. Completed May 16, 1910. Thickness Total (Elevation, 1160' B-A.T.) Feet. Feet. Unrecorded 562 562 Coal, Freeport? (Pittsburgh) 6 568 Unrecorded 662 1230 Sand, Salt 35 1265 WEST VIRGINIA GEOLOGICAL SURVEY. 495 Thickness. Total. Feet. Feet. Unrecorded 50 1315 Salt sand 130 1445 Unrecorded 30 1475 Salt sand (water, 1510'). 150 1625 Unrecorded 2l0 1835 Big Lime 63 1808 Big Injun sand (gas, 1898') and unrecorded to bottom.. 112 2010 10" casing, 209'; S 1 /^" casing, 1130'; 6%" casing, 1863'; 3" tubing, 2004'. Pressure in lbs. to the sq. inch: May 16, 1910, in 6%" casing. Nov. 1, 1910, in 3" tubing. 1st l/ 2 minute, 20 lbs. 1st % minute, 180 lbs. 1st minute, 40 lbs. 1st minute, 260 lbs. 2nd minute, 85 lbs. 5th minute, 390 lbs. 5th minute, 180 lbs. 10th minute, 405 lbs. 10 th minute, 253 lbs. 20th minute, 415 lbs. 15th minute, 285 lbs. 30th minute, 425 lbs. 30th minute. 315 lbs. Rock pressure, 455 lbs. Rock pressure, 340 lbs. B. F. Heldreth No. 1 Well Record (568). Located in Eagle District, 2 miles Authority, Carnegie Natural Gas Company. (Elevation, 1080' B-A.T.) Unrecorded Pittsburgh coal Unrecorded Big Injun sand (gas, 1672'-1678') 10" casing, 376'; 8 1 / 4" casing, 1620'; 300 lbs. northwest of Jimtown. Completed Dec. 31, 1908. Thickness. Total. Feet. Feet. 340 340 5 345 1315 1660 •. . 35 1695 rock pressure in 4" pipe, J. A. Harbert No. 2142 Well Record (569). Located in Eag’e District, 1.5 miles northwest of Jimtown. Authority, Phi’adelphia Company. Completed May 18, 1907. Thickness. Total. (Elevation, 1025' B-A.T.) Feet. Feet. Unrecorded 160 160 Coal, Mapletown? (Redstone) 4 164 Unrecorded 21 185 Coal, Pittsburgh 7 192 Unrecorded 358 550 Sand, Little Dunkard? (Moundsville) 45 595 Unrecorded 117 712 Sand, Big Dunkard 50 762 Unrecorded 118 880 Sand, Salt? (“Gas") 73 953 Unrecorded 55 1008 Sand, Salt? (II Cow Run and Salt) 152 1260 Unrecorded 30 1290 Salt sand (coal, 1334'-1337'?) 54 1344 49G PETROLEUM AND NATURAL GAS. Big Lime Big Injun sand (gas, 1555') Thirty-foot sand (gas, 2216') Unrecorded Gordon Stray sand Unrecorded Gordon sand (gas, 2380') Unrecorded Fourth sand 10" casing, 193'; 8*4 " casing, 1280'; 2630'. hickness. Total. Feet. Feet. 1472 . . 67 1539 . . 76 1615 . . 505 2120 2150 2212 . . 22 2234 2250 2273 2283 2400 2415 2450 .. 125 2575 2578 1518'; 4" casing. G. M. Martin No. 1 Well Record (571). Located in Eagle District, 1 mile northwest of Jimtown. Authority, Carnegie Natural Gas Company. Completed Nov. 26, 1909. Thickness. Total. (Elevation, 1065' B-A.T.) . Feet. Feet. Unrecorded 118 Pittsburgh coal . . . . , .... 6 124 Unrecorded ....1341 1465 Big Injun sand . ... 110 1575 Unrecorded 365 1940 Sand, Fifty-foot? (Gantz) 1995 Unrecorded 2055 Sand, Thirty-foot . . . . 2125 Unrecorded 95 2220 Sand, Gordon Stray? (Gordon) . . .. 55 2275 Unrecorded 2285 Sand, Gordon? (gas, Unrecorded Fourth sand 2315', steel line) . . .40' 1 .. 7 (4th) .. 8 j .. . 55 2340 Unrecorded . . . . 47 2387 B. F. Rogers No. 1788 Well Record (572). Located in Eagle District, at Jimtown. Authority, Philadelphia Company. Thickness. Total. (Elevation, 1005' B-A.T.) Feet. Feet. Unrecorded (no coal) 275 275 Sand, Big Dunkard? (Moundsville) 40 315 Unrecorded 275 690 Sand, Salt (II Cow Run and Salt) 290 980 Unrecorded 325 1305 Big Injun sand (little gas, 1355') 100 1405 Unrecorded 645 2050 PLATE XVI. — Effect of Shot on the Paugh gas well (704) in Fifth sand, located two miles S. E. of Byron. Dry sand loosened by the Shot is being blown out with the gas. WEST VIRGINIA GEOLOGICAL SURVEY. 497 Thickness. Total. Feet. Feet. Gordon Stray sand 20 2070 Unrecorded 36 2106 Gordon sand (little gas, 2118') 24 2130 The well starts 50 to 60 feet below the Pittsburgh coal. Ellis R. Fortney No. 1 Well Record (582). Located in Eagle District, 1.5 miles northwest of Lumberport. Au- thority, Eagle District Gas Company. Completed August, 1910. Thickness. Total. (Elevation, 975' B-A. T.) Feet. Feet. Unrecorded 1170 1170 Big Lime 55 1225 Big Injun sand (gas, 1280') 100 1325 Unrecorded 425 1750 Fifty-foot sand 40 1790 Unrecorded 60 1850 Thirty-foot sand 30 1880 Unrecorded 145 2025 Sand, Gordon Stray? (Gordon) (gas, 2040') 35 2060 Unrecorded 10 2070 Sand, Gordon? (Fourth) 20 2090 Unrecorded 110 2200 Fifth sand (gas, 2207') 10 2210 Unrecorded to bottom 83 2293 10" casing, 220'; 6%" casing, 1225'; 3" tubing, 2295'. The well starts about 175 feet below the Pittsburgh coal, and is reported as producing 1,400,000 cu. ft. daily. The gas at 2040 feet is in the Gordon, and not the Gordon Stray, since the former comes in this region 775 to 800 feet below the top of the Big Injun and about 280 feet below the top of the Fifty-foot sand. The boring is nearly on the crest of the Wolf Summit Arch. Fletcher Robinson No. 1 Well Record (583). Located in Eagle District, 1 mile southeast of Jimtown. Authority, Lumberport Gas Company. Completed Jan 8, 1910. Thickness. Total. (Elevation, 985' B-A. T.) Feet. Feet. Unrecorded 230 230 Sand, Little Dunkard? (Moundsville) 40 270 Unrecorded 80 350 Big Dunkard sand 105 455 Unrecorded 55 510 Gas sand 50 560 Unrecorded 70 630 Sand, First Salt? (II Cow Run) 70 700 498 PETROLEUM AND NATURAL GAS. Thickness. Total. Feet. Feet. Coal, (Tionesta) 10 710 Unrecorded 10 720 Second Salt sand 155 875 Unrecorded 65 940 Maxton sand 25 965 Unrecorded 125 1090 Little lime 35 1125 Pencil cave 25 1150 Big Lime 95 1245 Big Injun sand (gas 25/10 in water in 2" pipe, 1320').. 75 1320 Unrecorded 15 1335 Sand, Squaw (Big Injun) 20 1355 Unrecorded 70 1425 Sand, Gantz? (Squaw) 35 1460 Unrecorded 80 1540 Berea sand 50 1590 Unrecorded 50 1640 Sand, Fifty-foot? (Gantz) 80 1720 Unrecorded 40 1760 Sand, Thirty-foot? (Fifty-foot) (gas, 1770') 45 1805 Unrecorded 140 1945 Gordon Stray sand 30 1975 Unrecorded 20 1995 Gordon sand (gas, 2025') 55 2050 Unrecorded 139 2189 Fifth sand (gas, 2190') 29 2218 Unrecorded to bottom 99 2317 Unrecorded to bottom .99 2317 10" casing, 168'; 8" casing, 830'; 6%" casing, 1213'; 3" tubing, 2312' set on bottom. The well starts 140 to 150 feet below the Pittsburgh coal. The waters of Little Tenmile. and Tenmile creeks drain the southwest border of Eagle district, and in this portion of the latter area there occur many fine gas wells in the Big Injun, Fifty-foot, Gordon, Fourth and Fifth sands. The six following records from this locality, scattered from Dola to Lumberport, give valuable data as to their pressure and volume, and the oil and gas horizons therein : R. M. Rogers No. 2293 Well Record (575). Located in Eagle District, 0.4 mile southeast of Dola. Authority, Philadelphia Company. Completed Sept. 4, 1909. Thickness. Total. (Elevation, 1005' B-A.T.) Feet. Feet. Unrecorded (no coals) 460 460 Sand, Little Dninkard (Big Dunkard) 53 513 Unrecorded 127 640 WEST VIRGINIA GEOLOGICAL SURVEY 499 Thickness. Total. Feet. Feet. Gas sand 60 700 Unrecorded 20 720 Sand, Salt? (II Cow Run and Salt) 255 975 Unrecorded 305 1280 Big Lime 102 1382 Sand, Big Injun gas 100 1482 Unrecorded 493 1975 Thirty-foot sand 55 2030 Unrecorded 135 2165 Fourth sand 70 2235 Unrecorded 129 2364 Fifth sand (gas) 7 2371 10" casing, 5224'; 814" casing, 1019'; 6%" casing, 1286'; 3" tubing, 2369'. “Pressure to the sq. inch in Big Injun and 5th sands: ep. 6, 1909, in 6%": Sep. 6, 1909, in 3' ' tubing: 1st y 2 minute, 10 lbs. 1st y 2 minute, 30 lbs. 1st minute, 20 lbs. 1st minute, 50 lbs. 5th minute. 60 lbs. 5th minute, 130 lbs. 10th minute. 140 lbs. 10th minute, 220 lbs. 15th minute, 180 lbs. 60th minute, 625 lbs. 30th minute, 250 lbs. Rock pressure, 780 lbs. Rock pressure, 460 lbs. The well starts 85 feet, aneroid, below the Pittsburgh coal. C. D. Robinson No. 2157 Well Record (578). Located in Eagle District, 2 miles southwest of Dumberport. Authority, Philadelphia Company. Well completed April 17, 1907. Thickness. Total. (Elevation, 1010' B-A. T.) Feet. Feet. Unrecorded 330 330 Sand, Little Dunkard (I Cow Run) 20 350 Unrecorded 15 365 Big Dunkard sand 130 495 Unrecorded 60 555 Sand, Salt? (Gas sand) (gas, 630') 135 690 Unrecorded 20 710 Sand, Salt? (II Cow Run and Salt) 155 865 Unrecorded 360 1225 Big Lime 60 1285 Big Injun sand (gas, 1333') 80 1365 Unrecorded 471 1836 Fifty-foot sand 61 1897 Unrecorded 185 2082 Gordon sand (gas, 2101') 27 2109 Unrecorded 6 2115 Fourth sand and unrecorded 143 2258 Fifth sand (gas, 2260') 12 2270 Unrecorded to bottom 58^ 2328 ^ 500 PETROLEUM AND NATURAL GAS. casing, 893'; 6%" casing, 1381'; 3" tubing. 10" casing, 210'; S 1 /*" 2391'. “Pressure to the sq, inch 6% 1st V 2 minute, 30 lbs. 1st minute, 55 lbs. 2nd minute, 80 lbs. 5th minute, 170 lbs. casing, Apr. 18, 1907: 10th minute, 280 lbs. 15th minute, 375 lbs. 20th minute, 450 lbs. Rock pressure, 810 lbs. in 15 hours The well starts 125 feet, aneroid, below the Pittsburgh coal. F. L. Robey No. 1 Well Record (579). Located in Eagle District, 1.5 miles southwest of Lumberport. Authority, Carnegie Natural Gas Company. Completed May 3, 1910. Thickness. Total. (Elevation, 985' B-A. T.) Feet. Feet. Unrecorded 1304 1304 Big Injun sand 79 1383 Unrecorded 12 1395 Sand, Squaw? (Big Injun) (gas, 1400') 13 1408 Unrecorded 412 1820 Fifty-foot sand (gas, 1835') 43 1863 Unrecorded 212 2075 Gordon Stray sand 18 2093 Unrecorded 5 2098 Gordon sand 22 2120 Unrecorded 4 2124 Fourth sand (gas, 2148') 40 2164 Unrecorded 103 2267 Fifth sand (gas, 2270') 6 2273 Unrecorded to bottom 149 2422 “Open flow tests: 7/10 water in 6%" casing; 20/10 mercury in 2" tubing.” The well starts 100 feet, aneroid, below the Pittsburgh coal. The open flow tests give the total volume as 2,100,000 cubic feet daily. E. L. Coffman No. 2362 Well Record (580). Located in Eagle District, 1 % miles southeast of Dola. Authority, Philadelphia Company. Completed June 6, 1910. Thickness. Total. (Elevation, 1195' B-A. T.) Feet. Feet. Unrecorded 495 495 Big Dunkard sand 120 615 Unrecorded 215 830 Sand, Salt? (II Cow Run and Salt) 290 1120 Unrecorded 276 1396 Big Lime 71 1467 Big Injun sand (gas, 1517') 68 1535 WEST VIRGINIA GEOLOGICAL SURVEY 501 Thickness. Total. Feet. Feet. Unrecorded 10 1545 Sand, Squaw? (Big Injun) 15 1560 Unrecorded 365 1925 Fifty-foot sand 50 1975 Unrecorded 10 1985 Thirty-foot sand (gas, 1987') and unrecorded 90 2075 Break 4 2079 Unrecorded (gas, 2087' and 2090') to bottom 26 2105 13" casing, 16'; 10" casing, 130'; casing, 1035'; 6%" casing, 1396'; 4" casing, 2116'. Pressure to the sq. inch in 4" tubing: 1st i /2 minute, 175 lbs. 10th minute, 735 lbs. 1st minute, 300 lbs. 15th minute, 740 lbs. 2nd minute, 440 lbs. 20th minute, 745 lbs. 5th minute, 700 lbs. Rock pressure, 710 lbs. The well starts 40 to 50 feet above the Pittsburgh coal. C. E. Boggess No. 4 Well Record (581). Located in Eagle District 1 % miles west of Lumberport. Author- ity, Carnegie Natural Gas Company. Thickness. Total. (Elevation, 1075' B-A. T.) Feet. Feet. Unrecorded 1315 1315 Big Injun sand (gas, 1320') 85 1400 Unrecorded 455 1855 Fifty-foot sand 75 1930 Unrecorded 160 2090 Gordon Stray sand 20 2110 Unrecorded 10 2120 Gordon sand 40 2160 Unrecorded 50 2210 Fourth sand (gas, 2215') 15 2225 Unrecorded 70 2295 Fifth sand (gas, 2298') 5 2300 Unrecorded to bottom 32 2332 10" casing, 160'; 8 %" casing, 950'; 6%" casing, 1290'; 3 tubing, 2332'. "Pressure in 3" pipe, 100 lbs." The well starts 100' aneroid, below the Pittsburgh Coal. Horner Hardware Company No. 1 Well Record (587). Located in Eagle District, at Lumberport. Authority, Lumberport Gas Company. Thickness. Total. (Elevation, 920' B-A. T.) Feet. Feet. Unrecorded (water at 30' and 300') 350 350 Sand, Little Dunkard (I Cow Run) 20 370 Unrecorded 30 4U0 Sand, Big Dunkard? (Big Dunkard and Burning Springs) 115 515 Gas sand 105 620 502 PETROLEUM AND NATURAL GAS. Thickness. Total. Feet. Feet. Unrecorded 30 050 Sand, First Salt? (II Cow Run) (water, 665') 75 725 Unrecorded 15 740 Second Salt sand (water, 830') 145 885 Unrecorded 260 1145 Maxton sand 25 1170 Unrecorded 10 1180 Little lime 30 1210 Unrecorded 80 1240 Big Lime 70 1310 Big Injun sand 85 1395 Unrecorded 470 1865 Fifty-foot sand 40 1905 Unrecorded 15 1920 Thirty-foot sand 30 1950 Unrecorded 60 2010 Gordon Stray sand (steel line) 100 2110 Gordon sand (gas, 2118' and 2128'; 12-10 water in 5iV' casing) 25 2135 Unrecorded 133 2268 Fifth sand (gas, 2270', 2278', steel line) 22 2290 8%" casing, 360'; 6%" casing, 945'; 5 T y' casing, 2010'. The well starts 10 feet below the Little Clarksburg coal, or 140 feet below the Pittsburgh horizon. The open flow test gives it a volume of 1,100,000 cu. ft. of gas daily from the Gordon. The Fifth sand volume is not noted. The detailed log of the Caroline Mathews No, 1 well (588), located V\ mile south of Lumberport, is given in con- nection with the section for the latter place, page 106, to which the reader is referred for volume data, etc. The Ben. Mathews No. 1 well (589), located a short dis- tance southeastward, was first a gasser in the Big Injun sand, and later drilled down to the Fourth, from which horizon it produces oil, according to information given D. B. Reger. There occurs a small oil pool in the Fourth sand on Robinson run, 1 mile west of Shinnston. The pool was opened on the Ogden farm in March, 1910, the first well start- ing off at 250 barrels of oil daily. It was still producing 12.5 barrels daily on August 10, 1910. Its record is as follows : V. B. Ogden No. 1 Well Record (592). Located in Eagle District, 1 y 2 miles southwest of Shinnston. Authority, South Penn Oil Company. Completed in March, 1910. Thickness. Total. (Elevation, 935' B-A. T.) Feet. Feet. Unrecorded 280 280 WEST VIRGINIA GEOLOGICAL SURVEY 503 Thickness. Total. Feet. Feet. Sand, Dunkard? (I Cow Run) 155 435 Unrecorded 330 705 Sand, Salt? (II Cow Run and Salt) 200 965 Unrecorded 65 1030 Sand, Maxton? (Salt) 10 1040 Unrecorded 350 1390 Big Injun sand 90 1480 Unrecorded 375 1855 Fifty-foot sand (1880') 45 1900 Unrecorded 15 1915 Thirty-foot sand 75 1990 Unrecorded 225 2215 Fourth sand (oil, 2219' and 2247') 43 2258 Unrecorded to bottom 7 2265 The well starts about 30 feet below the Pittsburgh coal. V. B. Ogden No. 2 Well Record (593). Located in Eagle District, 1 y 2 miles S. 80° W. of Shinnston. Au- thority, South Penn Oil Company. Thickness. Total. (Elevation, 965' B-A. T.) Feet. Feet. Unrecorded 400 400 Sand, Little Dunkard? (Moundsville) 8 408 Unrecorded 17 425 Sand, Big Dunkard? (Big Dunkard and Burning Springs) 200 625 Unrecorded 65 690 Gas sand 60 750 Unrecorded 10 760 Sand, “Gas”? (II Cow Run) 70 830 Unrecorded 30 860 Salt sand 150 1010 Unrecorded 10 1020 Salt sand 40 1060 Unrecorded 277 1337 Big Lime 68 1405 Big Injun sand 100 1505 Unrecorded 345 1850 Gantz sand 30 1880 Unrecorded 30 1910 Fifty-foot sand (gas, 1940') 35 1945 Unrecorded 10 1955 Thirty-foot sand „] 55 2010 Unrecorded f (30-ft.) 3 2013 Sand, Stray J ... 42 2055 Unrecorded 25 2080 Sand, Gordon? (Gordon Stray) '. 25 2105 Unrecorded 55 2160 Gordon sand 25 2185 Unrecorded 5 2190 Fourth sand (oil, 2229'-2237') 62 2252 Unrecorded to bottom 13 2265 Initial oil production, 25 barrels daily. The well starts 15 feet below the Pittsburgh coal. 504 PETROLEUM AND NATURAL GAS. Three-fourths mile southward, within the peninsula formed by West Fork river, the Haywood Oil & Gas Com- pany recently drilled in a hundred barrel well in the Fourth sand on the J. H. Towles farm (591). Four miles southwestward, there occurs a pool of 12 to 15 oil wells near the head of Lamberts run in what appears to be the Fourth sand and not the Gordon as given by the original log. The following record of one of these wells shows the horizon at which the oil is encountered. Howard Gore No. 1 Well Record (597). Located in Eagle District, 1.5 miles southwest of Hepzibah. Au- thority, G. M. Allender. Thickness. Total. (Elevation, 1265' B-A. T.) Feet. FeeL Unrecorded 208 208 Coal, Pittsburgh 6 214 Unrecorded 899 618 Sand, Little Dunkard (I Cow Run) 42 655 Unrecorded 50 705 Big Dunkard sand 55 760 Unrecorded 218 973 Sand, “Gas”? (II Cow Run) 39 1012 Unrecorded 11 1023 Salt sand 207 1230 Unrecorded 320 1550 Little lime 14 1564 Unrecorded 6 1570 Big Lime 51 1621 Big Injun sand (gas, 1683') 109 1730 Unrecorded 400 2130 Fifty-foot sand 50 2180 Unrecorded 10 2190 Thirty-foot sand 70 2260 Unrecorded 115 2375 Sand, Gordon Stray? (Gordon) 12 2387 Unrecorded 5 2392 Sand, Gordon? (Fourth) (oil, 2466') to bottom 76 2478 10” casing, 222'; 6%" casing, 1612'. In the writer’s judgment, the oil horizon is the same here as that in the Ogden pool, 1 mile west of Shinnston, where the top of the oil pay comes 2244 feet below the Pittsburgh coal. The last record above given shows the oil pay 2242 feet below the same coal. The log of a gas well (657), located on the Hamrick farm, 1.2 miles southwest from the Lambert run oil pool, and used in connection with the Wolf Summit WEST VIRGINIA GEOLOGICAL SURVEY 505 N. E. section, shows the same oil pay 2221 feet below the same coal. Prospective Oil and Gas Territory, Eagle District. — The development in Eagle district has been quite rapid in recent years, but, as in other portions of Harrison, already discussed, there remains a large acreage that is favored both by present development and geologic structure to warrant further drill- ing for oil and gas. These areas will be considered from northwest to southeast across the district. (1) That territory just east of Margaret, along the line joining the Serena Wyer No. 1 well (535) and the I. Moore (O. Hawker) No. 1 (537) in the edge of Marion county, appears favorable for Thirty- foot sand oil ; (2) that, in the same region along the line joining the Loretta Morris No. 1 well (536), and the Sarah Baker No. 1 well (539), seems good for Gordon Stray sand oil ; (3) that, immediately on the east of the last men- tioned territory extending with a width of ^2 to 1 mile north- eastward from the channel of Jones creek to the Harrison- Marion county line, appears good for gas in both the Big Injun and Gordon; (4) that, southward from Jones creek at Jimtown to a line joining Dola with the H. N. Hustead No. 1 well (576), appears favorable for gas in the Big Injun, Gor- don and Fifth sands; (5) that, northeastward from Jimtown as drained by the waters of Nolan run, for gas at the same horizon ; and (6) that, southwestward from the headwaters of Wolfpen run, 0.8 mile west of Gypsy, to the Lambert run oil pool, for Fourth sand oil, and gas in the Big Injun, Fifty- foot and Fifth sands. CLAY DISTRICT. Clay district occupies the northeastern corner of Harrison county, and its area is traversed in an almost north and south direction by the axis of the Shinnston syncline. By far the greater portion of the district, however, lies on the east side of the axis of the latter fold. A glance at the structure map accompanying this report will show that much relief prevails therein, the Pittsburgh coal varying from about 865' A.T. at. the mouth of Little Bingamon, to 1435' A.T., 2 miles southeast of McAlpin. In the region of Adamsville, it will be observed 506 PETROLEUM AND NATURAL GAS. there occurs a pronounced structural terrace, as exhibited by the wide divergence of the 1050 and 1150-foot contours of the Pittsburgh coal from their position to the northeast at their intersection with Booths creek. A great oil pool has been developed in the Fifty-foot sand along this terrace in Clay district, the same being frequently referred to as the Shinns- ton oil pool. It is just such a terrace as this on which rest the Smithfield oil pool of Wetzel county, and the Elk Fork oil pool of Tyler county. All efforts to extend this Fifty-foot sand oil pool to the northeast of the Harrison-Marion county line, and southwest to Shinns run, where the structural slope is much steeper, have thus far proved fruitless. The northwest corner of Clay reaches almost to the crest of the Wolf Summit anticline; hence, in this portion of the district, there occur several (20 to 25) fine gas wells. The four following records from wells in this region give inter- esting data as to the rock pressure and the oil and gas horizons : Geo. Millan No. 1 Well Record (603). Located in Clay District, % mile southeast of Pine Bluff. Au- thority, Carnegie Natural Gas Company. Completed May 13, 1910. Thickness. Total. (Elevation, 1297' L-A. T.) Feet. Feet. Unrecorded 394 Coal, Pittsburgh 6 400 Unrecorded 1414 1814 Big Injun sand 106 1920 Unrecorded 395 2315 Fifty-foot sand 85 2400 Unrecorded 2600 Sand, Gordon Stray? (Gordon) . . 20 2620 Gordon sand 18 2638 Unrecorded 72 2710 Fourth sand 16 2726 Unrecorded 2776 Thickness. Total. Feet. Feet. Fifth sand (gas) 18 2794 Unrecorded to bottom 38 2832 10'' casing, 470'; 8 %" casing, 1350'; 6%" casing, 1786'. Pressure to the sq. inch in 6%" casing: 2nd minute, 15 lbs. 5th minute, 30 lbs. 3rd minute, 20 lbs. 10th minute, 60 lbs. 4th minute, 25 lbs. 18th minute, 100 lbs. WEST VIRGINIA GEOLOGICAL SURVEY 507 Seymour Stark No. 1 Well Record (604). Located in Clay District, 1.8 miles northwest of Shinnston. Au- thority, Fairmont and Grafton Gas Company. Thickness. Totai. (Elevation, 1115' B-A. T.) Feet. Feet. Unrecorded 107 107 Pittsburgh coal 11 118 Unrecorded 892 510 Sand, Little Dunkard? (Moundsville) 25 585 Unrecorded 105 040 Big Dunkard sand 40 680 Unrecorded 220 900 Sand, “Gas”? (II Cow Run) 80 980 Unrecorded 95 1075 Salt sand 95 1170 Unrecorded 85 1205 Sand, Maxton? (Salt) 65 1270 Unrecorded 165 1485 Big Lime 75 1510 Big Injun sand 60 1570 Unrecorded 890 1960 Sand, Fifty-foot (Gantz and 50-ft.) (gas, 2040'; volume, 200,000 cu. ft. daily) 95 2055 Unrecorded 195 2245 Gordon sand 20 2265 Unrecorded 135 2400 Sand, Fourth? (Fifth) (gas, 2402'; rock pressure, 1180 pounds; volume, 350,000 cu. ft.) 10 2410 Unrecorded 75 2485 Sand, Fifth? (Sixth), shell and unrecorded to bottom... 76 2561 \ This well was drilled several years ago and was among the first in the. field as is self-evident from the great rock pressure (1180 pounds to the square inch) recorded in the Fifth sand. Lucas Bros. No. 1 Well Record (604A). Located in Clay District, 1 mile west of Shinnston. Authority, Fairmont and Grafton Gas Company. Thickness. Total. (Elevation, 935' B-A. T.) Feet. Feet. Unrecorded 400 400 Sand, Little Dunkard? (Moundsville) 25 425 Unrecorded 115 530 Big Dunkard sand 35 565 Unrecorded 230 795 Sand, “Gas” (II Cow Run) 55 850 Unrecorded 120 970 Salt sand 95 1065 Unrecorded 35 noo Maxton sand 65 1165 Unrecorded 153 1318 508 PETROLEUM AND NATURAL GAS. Thickness. Total. Feet. Feet. Big Lime 103 1421 Big Injun sand (gas, 1425'; rock pressure, 700 lbs.; volume, 4,000,000 cu. ft. daily through 4" tubing) ... 50 1471 The well starts at the top of Pittsburgh coal. An analysis of the gas from this well, along with others in the vicinity, is given on page 556 of Volume 1(A), as follows: Analyses of Natural Gas. Made during June, 1904, by C. D. Howard. (Percentage by vol.) 1 1 Sam- ple | No. 1 Sam- | pie | No. 2 | Sam- 1 pie | No. 3 | Sam- | pie | No. 4 | Sam- | pie | No. 5 | Sam- ple No. 6 Carbon dioxide (CC 2 ) .... 0.0061 0.1 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.1 | 0.0 Carbon monoxide (CO) . . 0.4 0.4 | 0.4 | 0.4 | 0.4 | 0.5 Oxygen (O) 0.2 0.2 | 0.2 [ 0.1 1 0.3 | 0.3 Hydrogen (H) trace 0.2 | 0.0 | 0.1 I 0.1 | o.u Heavy hydrocarbons 0.4 0.2 j 0.4 | 0.2 1 0.1 I 0.2 Ethane (C 2 H (J ) 14.60 14.09 1 15.09| 14.88[ 14.35| 7.65 Methane (CH 4 ) 80.94 81.60| 75.95| 80.85| 80.70 j 86.48 Nitrogen (N) 3.46 o.21 1 3.96| 3.47 j 3.95] 4.87 Ammonia (NH 3 ) none none | none | none | none | none Carbon bisulphide (CS 2 ).. | none 1 none | none | none | none j none Sulphuretted hydrogen ! 1 1 ] 1 (H 2 S) none none none | none none | none Moisture (grains in 100 | 1 1 ! 1 cu ft ) 17.72 |. |. 1. Total Sulphur (gr. in 100 i 1 i i 1 pii ft 1 n 1821 |. |. |. [. Total paraffines | 95.54 95.69| 95.04 9 5 . 7 3 j 95.05 94.13 *B. T. U. per cu. ft. (cal- 1 1 1 1 1 culated) 1 1142.6 [1136.9 |1140.9 |1143.6 |1131.4 [1065.3 “Sample No. 1 — Morgantown supply (Big Injun sand), Monongalia and Greene (Penna.) counties. “Sample No. 2 — Fairmont supply (Bayard sand), Marion county. “Sample No. 3 — Big Injun sand gas from Lucas Brothers well No. 1, 1 % miles northwest of Shinnston. Top of sand, 1421 feet below Pittsburgh coal. “Sample No. 4— Gordon sand gas (Shinnston supply) from J. B. Cunningham well No. 1, 3% miles northwest of Shinnston, Harrison county. Top of sand, 2199 feet below Pittsburgh coal. “Sample No. 5— Fifth sand gas from Harbert well No. 1, near West Fork river, and three-fourths mile due east of Lumberport, Har- rison county. Top of sand, 2380 feet below the Pittsburgh coal. “Sample No. 6— “Fifty-foot” sand gas from Lucas Brothers well No. 4, 1 mile west of Shinnston, near the mouth of Robinson run, Har- rison county. Top of sand, 1855 feet below the Pittsburgh coal.” *Prof. Jones reports B. T. U. slightly over 1100 by Junker calori- meter. Natural gas is taken as a standard (1000) assuming 94 per cent. WEST VIRGINIA GEOLOGICAL SURVEY 509 Samples Nos. 3, 4, 5 and 6 are from wells Nos. 604A, 563, 648A, and 605A respectively, as listed in the table of wells for Harrison county, page 408. The two following records are from two of these wells : Lucas Bros. No. 4 Well Record (605 A). Located in Clay District, 1 mile west of Shinnston. Authority, Fairmont and Grafton Gas Company. Thickness. Total. Elevation, 900' B-A. T.) Feet. Feet. Unrecorded 370 370 Sand, Little Dunkard (I Cow Run) 40 410 Unrecorded 90 500 Sand, Big Dunkard (Burning Springs) 75 575 Unrecorded 165 740 Sand, “Gas” (II Cow Run) and unrecorded 200 940 Salt sand 130 1070 Unrecorded 190 1260 Maxton sand 25 1285 Unrecorded 47 1332 Big Lime 60 1392 Big Injun sand (gas, 1397') and unrecorded 443 1835 Fifty-foot sand (gas, 1861'; 200,000 cu. ft. daily) and un- recorded 65 1900 Thirty-foot sand and unrecorded 100- 2000 Stray sand and unrecorded 120 2120 Gordon sand and unrecorded 196 2216 Sand, (Fourth) (y 2 bbl. dark oil.) Weil starts about 45 feet below Pittsburgh coal. Luther Harbert No. 1 Well Record (648A). Located in Clay District, 0.7 mile northwest of Gypsy. Authority, Fairmont and Grafton Gas Company. Thickness. Total. (Elevation, 900' B-A. T.) Feet. Feet. Unrecorded 545 545 Big Dunkard sand 25 570 Unrecorded 162 732 Gas sand 73 805 Unrecorded 65 870 Salt sand 105 975 Unrecorded 309 1284 Big Lime 73 1357 Big Injun sand (gas, 1382'; rock pressure, 650 lbs.; volume, 1,500,000 cu. ft. daily) 75 1432 Unrecorded 386 1818 Gantz sand 34 1852 Unrecorded 28 1880 Fifty-foot sand 25 1905 510 PETROLEUM AND NATURAL GAS. Sand, Stray? (30-ft.) Red rock Red sand, (Stray) Gordon sand Red rock Fourth sand Unrecorded Fifth sand (gas, 2340'; rock pressure, 1100 lbs.; volume ickness. Total. Feet. Feet. . 83 1988 . 26 2014 . 40 2054 . 50 2104 . 25 2129 . 31 2160 . 40 2200 . 135 2335 ■y . 18 2353 The well starts about 45 feet below the Pittsburgh coal. The three foregoing records are very interesting in that they give the original rock pressure of Big Injun and Fifth sand' in the first wells drilled in the field. i he two following records in Clay district are from wells loc led on the east side of West Fork river, near the Harrison- M- rion county line: John F. Sturms Heirs No. 1 Well Record (609). Located in Clay District, % mile east of Enterprise. Authority, Carnegie Natural Gas Company. Completed October 10, 1910. Thickness. Total. (Elevation, 1055' B-A. T.) Feet. Feet. Unrecorded 82 82 Coal, Pittsburgh 7 89 Unrecorded 1417 1506 Big Injun sand (gas, 1528') to bottom 39 1545 10" casing, 95'; 8%" casing, 1100'; 6%" casing, 1506'; 4" tubing, 1545'. Pressure to the sq. inch in 4" tubing from Big Injun sand: 1st y 2 minute, 145 lbs. 1st minute, 235 lbs. 2nd minute, 340 lbs. 3rd minute, 375 lbs. 4th minute, 400 lbs. 5th minute, 405 lbs. 20th minute, 435 lbs. Rock pressure, 500 lbs. Alice Corpening No. 1 Well Record (612). Located in Clay District, 1.7 miles S. 75° E. of Enterprise. Au- thority, South Penn Oil Company. Thickness. Total. (Elevation, 995' B-A. T.) Feet. Feet. Unrecorded ..1439 1439 Big Injun sand 104 1543 Unrecorded 507 2050 Gordon sand 10 2060 Unrecorded 110 2170 Sand, Fifth? (Fourth) 30 2200 Unrecorded (gas in Bayard sand) 306 2506 WEST VIRGINIA GEOLOGICAL SURVEY 511 The well mouth is 30 feet, aneroid, below the Pittsburgh coal. The sand at 2170 feet is evidently the same horizon as that in which the oil pool occurs, one mile west of Shinnston. The gas encountered was probably in the Fifth sand. Shinnston Oil Pool. — As mentioned on a preceding page, what is known as the Shinnston oil pool, rests on a structural terrace or bench on the western slope of the Chestnut Ridge anticline, and contains about 150 oil wells in the Fifty-foot sand. The pool is really separated into two distinct fields by a barren zone in the Fifty-foot that follows closely the line of the dry holes, Nos. 637 and 622, located near the head of Sweep and Jarvis runs, respectively. The first field is located on the waters of Laurel run, and Coons run in the immediate vicinity and northwest of Adamsville ; the second field is located slightly higher up the structural slope on the waters of Jarvis and Horner runs, extending to the southwest on the head of Coons run, containing 60 to 75 oil wells. In the latter field the oil pay appears to shift deeper in the sand as the structural slope is ascended to the southeast. The following is a record of the first oil well obtained in the Shinnston oil pool. The well was drilled in December, 1908, primarily for gas, and is located on a branch of Mudlick run : R. R. Hardesty No. 1 Well Record (614). Located in Clay District, 2 miles due east of Shinnston. Author- ity, G. M. Allender. Completed in December, 1903. Thickness. Total. (Elevation, 1170' B-A. T.) Feet. Feet. Unrecorded 148 148 Pittsburgh coal 9 157 Unrecorded 893 550 Sand, Little Dunkard? (MoundsviHe) 15 565 Unrecorded 115 680 Big Dunkard sand 60 740 Unrecorded 35 775 Gas sand 25 800 Unrecorded 10 810 Sand, Salt? (“Gas” and II Cow Run) (water, 920') 205 1015 Break 15 1030 Salt sand 190 1220 Unrecorded 305 1525 Little lime 29 1554 512 PETROLEUM AND NATURAL GAS. Thickness. Total. Feet. Feet. Pencil cave 6 1560 Big Lime 67 1627 Big Injun sand 110 1737 Unrecorded 78 1815 Squaw sand 15 1830 Unrecorded 70 1900 Berea sand 10 1910 Unrecorded 190 2100 Fifty-foot sand (oil) to bottom and still in sand 35 2135 10" casing, 168'; 6%" casing, 1660'. No data was obtained as to the original production of this well. The following record is from a well in this field that prob- ably had the greatest initial oil production of any other well ever drilled in the State. It started off at 10,800 barrels daily, and created intense excitement and activity in drilling opera- tions : E. E. Swiger No. 2316 Well Record (618). thority, Philadelphia Company. Completed December 6, 1909. Thickness. Feet. Unrecorded 60 Pittsburgh coal 7 Unrecorded 469 Big Dunkard sand 104 Unrecorded 160 Gas sand (water, 830') 20 Unrecorded 63 Sand, Salt? (II Cow Run) 17 Unrecorded 15 Salt sand 7 Unrecorded 100 Salt sand 15 Unrecorded 441 Big Lime 67 Big Injun sand 153 Unrecorded 343 Sand, Fifty-foot (gas, 2041'; oil, 2042', 2058', 2063', 2077', 2087', 2112'; gas, 2112') 72 10" casing, 98'; 814" casing, 696'; 6%" casing, 1478'; 5f«" 1618'; 3 V tubing, 2120'; 2" tubing, 2113'. “Well made 450 bbls. per hour when drilled in at 2081'." “Drilled to 2113 feet January 27, 1910. Shot with 20 February 11, 1910.” Total. Feet. 60 67 536 640 800 820 883 900 915 922 1022 1037 1478 1545 1698 2041 2113 casing, quarts. The Fifty-foot sand in this region comes about 500 feet below the top of the Big Injun sand. PLATE XVII. — Steel-tube Derrick used by the South Penn Oil Co. — McIntyre well (356), 2 y 2 miles south from Rinehart — and Dunkard series Topography. WEST VIRGINIA GEOLOGICAL SURVEY 513 The following is a record of a well 300 or 400 feet south of the Swiger well, that was drilled in during January, 1910. This well started off at 2700 barrels of oil daily from the Fifty-foot sand, and at the end of eight months was still pro- ducing 180 barrels daily, according to an official of the South Penn Oil Company who also reports it at this time to have made twice as much oil as the Swiger well. The Whiteman well made 98,000 barrels the first 30 days after completion : E. J. Whiteman No. 2 Well Record (619). Located in Clay District, iy 2 miles N. 10° W. of Adamsville. Au- thority, South Penn Oil Company. Completed in January, 1910. Thickness. Total. (Elevation, 1090' B-A. T.) Feet. Feet. Unrecorded 440 440 Sand, Little Dunkard (I Cow Run) 35 475 Unrecorded 95 570 Sand, Big Dunkard 25 595 Unrecorded 5 600 Sand, “Gas”? (Burning Springs) 60 660 Unrecorded 10 670 Gas sand, (water, 700') 150 820 Unrecorded 10 830 Sand, Salt? (II Cow Run) 50 880 Unrecorded 5 885 Salt sand, (water, 930') 185 1070 Unrecorded 340 1410 Big Lime 100 1510 Big Injun sand 120 1630 Unrecorded 362 1992 Fifty-foot sand (gas, 1997'; oil, 1999' and 2020') to bot- tom 28 2020 The well starts about 30 feet above the Pittsburgh coal. The following record is from a well in the first mentioned field of the Shinnston pool. S. L. Vincent No. 5 Well Record (621). I Located in Clay District, *4 mile south of Adamsville. Thickness. Total. (Elevation, 1085' B-A. T.) Feet. Feet. Unrecorded 430 430 Sand, Little Dunkard (I Cow Run) 15 445 Unrecorded 75 520 Big Dunkard sand 50 570 Unrecorded 150 720 514 PETROLEUM AND NATURAL GAS. Thickness. Total. Feet. Feet. Gas sand 60 780 Unrecorded 40 820 Sand, “Gas”? (II Cow Run) 80 900 Unrecorded 35 935 Salt sand 85 1020 Unrecorded 411 1431 Big Lime 74 1505 Big Injun sand 115 1620 Unrecorded 375 1995 Fifty-foot sand (oil, 2012' and 2017') 67 2062 Unrecorded to bottom 2 2064 The well starts almost flush with the Pittsburgh coal. Near the northwestern edge of this field, on Laurel run, the G. L. Hardesty No. 7 well (610) started off in March, 1910, at the rate of 35 barrels of oil an hour, equivalent to 840 barrels daily. At the southwest edge of this field, on a branch of Mudlick, the E. M. Sapp No. 1 well (615) had an initial production, May 9, 1909, of 10 barrels of oil from the Fifty- foot daily, and was still making on Aug. 15, 1910, 10 barrels weekly. The following is a record of a dry hole in the barren belt of the Fifty-foot sand, that separates the two fields of the Shinnston pool. The well starts about 320 feet above the Pittsburgh coal : A. W. Hartley Heirs No. 1 Well Record (622), Located in Clay District, y 2 mile east of Adamsville. Authority! South Penn Oil Company. Thickness. Total. (Elevation, 1390' B-A. T.) Feet. Feet. Unrecorded 1825 1825 Big Injun sand 150 1975 Unrecorded 525 2500 Gordon sand 20 2520 Unrecorded 140 2660 Fifth sand 20 2680 Unrecorded to bottom 148 2828 The five following records are from wells located in the second division above mentioned of the Shinnston pool : WEST VIRGINIA GEOLOGICAL SURVEY 515 A. W. Hartley Heirs No. 3 Well Record (623). Located in Clay District, % mile southeast of Adamsville. Au- thority, Chas. B. Jackson, a driller. Completed Oct. 12, 1910. Thickness. Total. (Elevation, 1515' B-A. T.) Feet. Feet. Unrecorded (water, 150') 440 440 Pittsburgh coal 6 446 Unrecorded 394 840 Sand, Little Dunkard (I Cow ] Run) . . 890 Unrecorded 110 1000 Big Dunkard sand 35 1035 Unrecorded 130 1165 Gas sand 45 1210 Unrecorded 1215 Sand, Salt? (II Cow Run and Salt) (water, 1280' and 1420') 1500 Unrecorded 1515 Red rock 210 1725 Unrecorded 120 1845 Little lime 1855 Pencil cave, slate 1860 Big Lime 50 1910 Big Injun sand (gas, 1920').... 100 2010 Unrecorded 2015 Sand, (Squaw) 2100 Slate 338 2438 Fifty-foot sand (oil, 2480') 96 2534 Unrecorded to bottom 5 2539 10" casing, 500'; 8 %" casing, 1400'; 6%" casing, 1920'. The well starts nearly on the summit of a high knob. E. W. Thompson No. 1 Well Record (624). Located in Clay District, 1 mile S. 15° E. of Adamsville. Author- ity, Fred L. Bishop, Morgantown, W . Va. Completed in 1910. Thickness. Total. Feet. Feet. Unrecorded 170 Coal, Pittsburgh 10 180 Unrecorded 420 600 Sand, Little Dunkard (I Cow Run) . 625 Unrecorded 50 675 Big Dunkard sand 725 Unrecorded 900 Sand, “Gas” (Claribn) 950 Unrecorded 960 Sand, Salt? (II Cow Run and Salt) . . 360 1320 Unrecorded 1585 Pencil cave 7 1592 Big Lime 1672 Big Injun sand (gas pay, 1685'-1700' and 1752VL757') 180 1852 Unrecorded 320 2172 Fifty-foot sand (oil pay, 2208'-2215') 86 2258 10" casing, 270'; 8 %" casing, 1126'6' '; 6%*' casing, 1592'3". 516 PETROLEUM AND NATURAL GAS. The detailed log of the W. M. Gray No. 1 well (625), located 0.4 miles southwestward from the Thompson boring, is published in connection with the Adamsville section, page 107. It had an initial production of 10 barrels of oil and 3,000,000 cubic feet of gas daily. Mr. W. A. Chambers of Bridgeport, Harrison county, saved samples for analysis of the Upper Kittanning coal, and one of the Pottsville beds from this well, the results of which are found at the end of the table of coal analyses in a subsequent chapter of this report. Dora Bartlett No. 1 Well Record (628). Located in Clay District, 1.1 miles southeast of Adamsville. Au- thority, South Penn Oil Company. Completed Oct. 1, 1909. Thickness. Total. Feet. Feet. Unrecorded 135 135 Pittsburgh coal and unrecorded 1986 2121 Fifty-foot sand (first pay, light, 2190'; second pay, good, 2203') This well was one of the best in this portion of the Shinnston pool, having started off at 550 barrels of oil daily, and was still making on August 16, 1910, 90 barrels a day, according to an official of the operating company. Nimshi Nuzum No. 4 Well Record (630). < Located in Clay District, % mile west of Boothsville. Authority, Geo. E. Miller & Company. Completed June 25, 1910. Thickness. Total. (Elevation, 1165' B-A. T.) Feet. Feet. Conductor 16 16 Unrecorded 24 40 Pittsburgh coal 10 50 Unrecorded (water, 160') 220 270 Sand, “Gas”? (Murphy) 20 290 Unrecorded 68 358 Coal, (Harlem) 8 366 Unrecorded 124 490 Sand, Little Dunkard (I Cow Run) 30 520 Unrecorded 78 598 Big Dunkard sand 42 640 Unrecorded 10 650 Sand, (Burning Springs) 40 690 Unrecorded 36 726 Coal, (Upper Kittanning) 4 730 Unrecorded 63 793 WEST VIRGINIA GEOLOGICAL SURVEY 517 Coal, (Lower Kittanning) Unrecorded Sand, First Salt? (II Cow Run) Unrecorded Salt sand Unrecorded Sand Unrecorded Little lime Pencil cave Big Lime Big Injun sand (light gas, 1645') Unrecorded Sand, Gantz? (Squaw) Unrecorded 2091') and unrecorded to bottom Initial oil production, 750 barrels daily.” ickness. Total. Feet. Feet. 6 799 4 803 . 33 836 . 124 960 . 70 1030 . 332 1362 . 19 1381 . 67 1448 . 10 1458 8 1466 . 88 1554 . 106 1660 . 110 1770 . 22 1792 . 258 2050 [, . 92 2142 The above record is very interesting, in that four well- known coals are noted ; viz., Pittsburgh, Harlem, Upper Kittanning, and Lower Kittanning. The Pittsburgh-Harlem coal interval in this portion of Harrison county is shown to be 308 feet. In the southeastern part of the same area, it is 320 to 330 feet. Nimshi Nuzum No. 1 Well Record (631). Located in Clay District, 0.8 mile west of Boothsville. Authority, Geo. E. Miller & Company. Completed December 17, 1909. Thickness. Total. Feet. Feet. Surface 16 16 Unrecorded 44 60 Pittsburgh coal Unrecorded 90 Sand, Murphy? (Lower Pittsburgh) . . . 30 120 Unrecorded 389 509 Sand, Big Dunkard? (I Cow Run) 51 560 Unrecorded 58 618 Sand, “Gas”? (water at 648') (Big Dunkard) . . 43 661 Unrecorded 6 667 Sand, First Salt? (“Gas”) 131 798 Unrecorded 12 810 Sand, Second Salt (II Cow Run and Salt) (water at 1022') 253 1063 Red rock and shells 89 1152 Unrecorded 292 1444 Little lime 12 1456 518 PETROLEUM AND NATURAL GAS. Thickness. Feet. Feet. Feet. Pencil cave 14 1470 Big Lime 83 1553 Big Injun sand (no oil or gas) 105 1658 Unrecorded 139 1797 Sand, Gantz? (Squaw) 12 1809 Unrecorded 254 2063 Top of Fifty-foot sand 2063 Gas at 2069 Gas increased to 2083 Began spraying oil 2083 Oil increased from 2083' to 2093 Unrecorded 10 2103 Second pay — green oil, 2103' to 2110 Unrecorded 12 2122 Third pay, 2122' to 2130 Total depth of well 2164 10" casing, 170'; 8 %" casing, 1095'; 6%" casing, 1495'. “Initial oil production, 250 barrels daily, and making 75 barrels at end of first month.” “Thickness of Pittsburgh coal not given, but an opening near the well shows about the usual thickness.” The following is the record of a gasser in the Fifty-foot, located 0.3 mile due west of the common corner to Harrison, Marion and Taylor counties. The well starts about 45 feet below the Pittsburgh coal ; hence, the coals at 70 feet and 285 feet correlate with the Little Clarksburg and Harlem, re- spectively : Jos. Ashcraft No. 1 Well Record (632). Located in Clay District, *4 mile west of Boothsville. Authority, Philadelphia Company. Completed January 10, 1910. Thickness. Total. (Elevation, 1115' B-A. T.) Feet. Feet. Shale (?) 70 70 Coal, (Little Clarksburg) (water) at 0 70 Red rock 10 80 Shale 80 160 Red rock 15 175 Shale 10 185 Lime 5 190 Shale 40 230 Sand 30 260 Lime (Ames) 25 285 Coal, (Harlem) 0 285 Shale 35 320 Lime 10 330 Shale 30 360 Sand, (Moundsville) 10 370 Shale 30 400 Slate 100 500 WEST VIRGINIA GEOLOGICAL SURVEY 519 Thickness. Total Feet. Feet. Sand (Big Dunkard) 15 515 Lime 30 545 Sand, (Burning Springs) 25 570 Shale 60 630 Lime 10 640 Coal, (Upper Kittanning) 0 640 Lime 35 675 Slate 50 725 Sand, Salt? (II Cow Run and Salt) 125 850 Slate 30 880 Sand, (Salt) 70 950 Slate 30 980 Sand, (Salt) 65 1045 Slate 15 1060 Sand 35 1095 Shale 25 1120 Sand (Maxton) 20 1140 Red rock 5 1145 Lime 10 1155 Unrecorded 195 1350 Red rock 20 1370 Little lime 30 1400 Shale 15 1415 Big Lime 95 151C Big injun sand 170 1680 Shale 15 1695 Squaw sand, brown 15 1710 Shale 80 1790 Stray sand 15 1805 Shale 145 1950 Lime 5 ~ 1955 Fifty-foot sand, broken (gas) 110 2065 Shale 5 2070 Lime 20 2090 Shale 15 2105 Red rock 20 2125 Gordon Stray sand 20 2145 Slate 5 2150 Gordon sand to bottom 25 2175 The log of the R. L. Reed No. 1 Well (633), located Y\ mile due southward, is published in connection with the Boothsville section, page 109. A light show of gas was en- countered in the Big Injun, and a small oil show in the Fifty- foot sand in this well. Southwestward a light gasser was drilled on the south hill-side of Horner run on the J. R. Bartlett farm (627). The following record is from a gas well located in the southeastern part of Clay district, along the steep wester;' ^lope of the Chestnut Ridge anticline: 520 PETROLEUM AND NATURAL GAS. Martha Chalfant No. 1 Well Record (640). Located in Clay District, 1 mile northeast of McAlpin. Authority, South Penn Oil Company. Thickness. Total. (Elevation, 1110' B-A. T.) Feet. Feet. Unrecorded 300 300 Sand, Little Dunkard? (Big Dunkard) 90 390 Unrecorded 295 085 Salt sand (water, 690') 63 748 Unrecorded 510 1258 Big Lime 82 1340 Big Injun sand 100 1440 Unrecorded 404 1844 Fifty-foot sand (gas, 1847') 40 1884 Unrecorded 5 1889 Thirty-foot sand 14 1903 Unrecorded 5 1908 Sand, Gordon? (Gordon Stray) 57 1965 Unrecorded to bottom 95 2860 The well starts 150 feet, aneroid, below the Pittsburgh coal. The following is the record of a comparatively dry hole located along the southern border of Clay district, near the head of Shinns run. The well starts about 100 feet below the Pittsburgh coal. A light show of gas was struck in the Gordon Stray : S. A. Elliott No. 1 Well Record (643). Located in Clay District, 1.3 miles southeast of Sa’twell. Author- ity, South Penn Oil Company. Thickness. Total. (Elevation, 1030' B-A. T.) Feet. Feet. Unrecorded 440 440 Big Dunkard sand 70 510 Unrecorded 200 710 Sand, “First Gas”? (II Cow Run) (water, 725') 43 753 Unrecorded 6 759 Sand, “Second Gas”? (Salt) 27 786 Unrecorded 69 855 Salt sand 130 985 Unrecorded 345 1330 Little lime 7 1337 Unrecorded 7 1344 Big Lime 56 1400 Big Injun sand 96 1496 Unrecorded 410 1906 Fifty-foot sand 35 1941 Unrecorded 44 1985 WEST VIRGINIA GEOLOGICAL SURVEY 521 Thickness. Total. Feet. Feet. Thirty-foot sand 55 2040 Unrecorded 8 2048 Sand, Stray (Gordon Stray) (gas, 2048') 27 2075 Unrecorded 5 2080 Gordon sand 25 2105 Unrecorded 133 2238 Fifth sand 28 2256 Unrecorded 44 2300 Bayard sand 16 2316 Unrecorded to bottom 356 2672 Farther down Shinns run at Saltwell a boring (644) was sunk in 1835 on the Righter farm by Abraham and P. B. Righter to a depth of 745 feet, in which a light flow of gas and a strong stream of fresh water were encountered. The well starts 55 feet, by aneroid, below the Pittsburgh coal; hence, it probably stopped in the top of the II Cow Run sand. Water is still flowing from the top of the hole, and likewise a small amount of gas is escaping therefrom. One mile northeastward the I/. D. Jarvis Heirs No. 1 well (645) was drilled by Benedum & Trees to a depth of 2550 feet, in which a light flow of gas was encountered in the Big Injun sand. The well mouth is 25 feet below the Pitts- burgh coal ; hence, the boring penetrated the horizon of the Bayard sand. The following is the record of a well located in the southwest corner of Clay district, in which a 3,000,000 cubic feet daily flow of gas was encountered in the Big Injun, along with an oil show in the Bayard : Silas Ogden* No. 1 Well Record (648). Located in Clay District, 0.9 mile S. 80° E. of Gypsy. Authority, Mandell Oil & Gas Company. Thickness Total (Elevation, 1040' B-A. T.) Feet Feet. Unrecorded 115 115 Pittsburgh coal 5 120 Unrecorded 150 270 Cave 40 310 Unrecorded 140 450 Sand, First Cow Run? (Moundsville) 40 490 *Vol. 1(A), W. Va. Geol. Survey, p. 330; 1904. 522 PETROLEUM AND NATURAL GAS. Thickness. Total. Feet. Feet. Unrecorded 125 615 Dunkard sand...... 65 680 Unrecorded 60 740 Sand, Salt? (“Gas”) (Gas, 890'; water, 895') 155 895 Unrecorded . . .’ 315 1210 Red rock 190 1400 Maxton sand..., 10 1410 Unrecorded 80 1490 Lime 65 1555 Big Injun sand (gas, 1570'-1580') 110 1665 Unrecorded 392 2057 Sand, Fifty-foot (50-ft. and 30-ft) 129 2186 Unrecorded 52 2238 Red rock 5 2243 Sand, Gordon? (Gordon Stray) 27 2270 Unrecorded 274 2544 Bayard sand (oil show, 2545'-2585') 44 2588 Unrecorded to bottom 109 2697 Prospective Oil and Gas Territory, Clay District. — The northern border of Clay district has been quite thoroughly tested for oil and gas, but there still remains in other por- tions of its area a large acreage that is favored by geologic structure and present development to warrant a further search by the drill for these valuable hydrocarbons. Con- sidering these areas from northwest to southeast, (1) that portion of the district northwestward from Shinnston to Bingamon creek appears favorable for Big Injun, Fifty-foot, and Fifth sand gas, with a chance northeastward from the Ogden oil pool for Fourth sand oil ; (2) that, northwestward to West Fork river from the well, the log of which is given last above, for gas in the Big Injun, with a chance for Bayard sand oil in the immediate region of the latter well ; (3) that, northeastward from Sugarcamp run of Thomas fork to the Harrison-Taylor county line, for gas in the Fifty-foot; and (4) that, in the extreme southeast corner of Clay to the east of Thomas fork, for gas at the same horizon since the J. F. Holt No. 1 well (634), at the same structural level, three miles northeastward, was a very heavy Fifty-foot sand gasser. COAL DISTRICT. Coal district is located in the central portion of Harrison county, and its area is traversed in an almost north and south direction by two structural folds; viz., the Wolf Summit WEST VIRGINIA GEOLOGICAL SURVEY 523 anticline, and the Shinnston syncline. A glance at the struc- ture map accompanying this report will show that its strata are very much warped and disturbed, as the Pittsburgh coal varies in elevation from 950' A.T., 0.5 mile east of Meadow- brook, to 1225' A.T. at Wilsonburg, and 1.5 miles westward from Bridgeport. Owing to the convergence southward of the axes of the Wolf Summit and Chestnut Ridge anticlines, the axis of the Shinnston Basin rises rapidly in elevation in the same direction in Harrison county, so that even that portion of Coal district in the low points of the latter syn- cline occupies a comparatively high structural level when referred to the region along this trough near the mouth of Little Bingamon creek. Thus it happens that the great gas pools accompanying both the anticlines above mentioned are connected across the Shinnston Basin through Coal and Clark districts, making the region surrounding Clarksburg one of the greatest gas fields in the State. The oil and gas develop- ment will now be considered from west to east. The two following records are from wells located near the crest of the Wolf Summit anticline: Thos. P. Reynolds No. 1 Well Record (661). Located in Coal District, 1 mile southwest of Wilsonburg. Au- thority, Washington Gas Company. Thickness Total (Elevation, 1060' B-A. T.) Feet. Feet. Unrecorded 300 300 Sand, Little Dunkard (I Cow Run) 40 340 Unrecorded 45 385 Big Dunkard 55 440 Unrecorded 260 700 Sand, First Salt? (Clarion) 56 756 Unrecorded 44 800 Sand, Second Salt? (II Cow Run and Salt) 110 910 Unrecorded 175 1085 Maxton sand 25 1110 Unrecorded 105 1215 Big Lime 95 1310 Big Injun sand 100 1410 Unrecorded 30 1440 Squaw sand 60 1500 Unrecorded 310 1810 Fifty-foot sand 35 1845 Unrecorded 12 1857 Thirty-foot sand 25 1882 524 PETROLEUM AND NATURAL GAS. Thickness. Total Feet. Feet. Unrecorded 86 1968 Stray sand 14 1982 Unrecorded 20 2002 Gordon sand 18 2020 Unrecorded 65 2085 Fourth sand ot> 2140 Unrecorded 100 2240 Fifth sand (gas pay, 2244' and 2250') 25 2265 6%" casing, 1228'; 5 T V' casing, 2130'. “Production, 2,500,000 cu. ft. daily.” The well starts 125 feet below the Pittsburgh coal. T. F. Gifford No. 2102 Well Record (658). Located in Coal District, 1.5 miles northeast of Wilsonburg. Au- thority, Philadelphia Company. Thickness Total (Elevation, 1405' B-A. T.) Feet. Feet. Unrecorded 251 251 Pittsburgh coal 9 260 Unrecorded 490 750 Big Dunkard sand 60 810 Unrecorded 90 900 Sand, Salt? (“Gas” and II Cow Run) 205 1105 Unrecorded 65 1170 Salt sand 80 1250 Unrecorded 70 1320 Sand, Maxton? (Salt) 55 1375 Unrecorded 246 1621 Big Lime 49 1670 Big Injun sand (gas, 1712') 105 1775 Unrecorded 415 2190 Sand, Thirty-foot? (Fifty-foot) (gas, 2208') 25 2215 Unrecorded 22 2237 Sand, Gordon Stray? (Thirty-fooc) (gas, 2239' and 2267') 33 2270 Unrecorded 25 2295 Sand, Gordon? (Gordon Stray) 17 2312 Unrecorded 150 2462 Fourth sand (gas, 2478' and 2493') 48 2510 Unrecorded 113 2623 Fifth sand (gas, 2629') 11 2634 Slate to bottom 21 2655 The log of the S. E. Hamrick No. 1145 well (657), lo- cated near the head of Crooked run, is published in connec- tion with the section for N. E. of Wilsonburg, page 110. Northward from Clarksburg to Farnum in Coal district the bottom portion of the Shinnston Basin suddenly flattens WEST VIRGINIA GEOLOGICAL SURVEY 525 southward and enlarges to a Avidth of 3 to 4 miles, forming a high structural terrace on which there occur many gas wells along both banks of West Fork river. The four following records from this locality contain much data of interest : John Q. McIntyre No. 1 Well Record (652). Located in Coal District, 0.4 mile north of Farnum. Authority, Hope Natural Gas Company. Thickness. Total. (Elevation, 975' B-A. T.) Feet. Feet. Unrecorded 1383 1383 Big Injun sand 120 1503 Unrecorded (gas in Fifty-foot sand) 609 2112 Gordon sand 13 2115 Unrecorded 265 2380 Fifth sand (gas) to bottom 16 2396 The well starts 45 feet, by aneroid, below the Pittsburgh coal. Moses Tichenall No. 1 Well Record (655). Located in Coal District, 1 mile north of Adamston on west bank of river. Authority, Clarksburg Light and Heat Company. Completed September 26, 1910. (Elevation, 925' B-A. T.) Unrecorded Sand, Little Dunkard (I Cow Run) Unrecorded Sand, Big Dunkard? (Burning Springs) Unrecorded Gas sand Unrecorded Salt sand Unrecorded Maxton sand Unrecorded Little lime Pencil cave Big Lime Big Injun sand (gas, 1310') Unrecorded Sand, Berea? (Gantz) Fifty-foot sand Unrecorded Sand, Thirty-foot Unrecorded Sand, Stray 15') Unrecorded 5 }■( Fourth) Sand, Gordon? 20 J Thickness. Total. Feet. Feet. .... 390 390 30 420 100 520 . . . . 30 550 50 600 . ... 50 650 70 720 . ... 154 874 . ... 222 1096 20 1116 99 1215 12 1227 . . . . 10 1237 . . . . 63 1300 111 1411 389 1800 .... 30 1830 100 1930 . . . . 20 1950 20 1970 150 2120 .... 40 2160 526 PETROLEUM AND NATURAL GAS. Thickness. Total. Feet. Feet. Unrecorded 45 2205 Sand, Fourth? (local) 10 2215 Unrecorded 46 2261 Fifth sand (gas, 2264') to bottom 44 2305 The well starts 135 feet, by aneroid, below the Pittsburgh coal. Smith and Cole No. 1 Well Record (655 A). Located in Coal District, 1 mile north of Clarksburg. Authority, Pennsylvania Oil & Gas Company. Completed Nov. 8, 1909. Thickness. Total. Feet. Feet. Unrecorded 1290 129o Big Lime 65 1355 Big Injun sand 110 1465 Unrecorded 345 1810 Sand, Thirty-foot? (Gantz and Fifty-foot) (gas, 1890') and unrecorded 502 2312 Fifth sand (gas, 2324'-2338') 30 2342 Unrecorded to bottom 24 2364 10" casing, 185'; 8%" casing, 670'; 6%" casing, 1356'; 3" tubing, 2364'. Packer set at 1380'. “Initial gas volume, 4,000,000 cubic feet daily.” According to the owners of the above well, their Pritch- ard No. 1 (663) had an initial gas volume of 7 million cu. ft. daily. Lyons No. 1 Well Record (663 A). Located in Coal District, 1 mile north of Clarksburg. Authority, Pennsylvania Oil & Gas Company. Completed April 28, 1910. Thickness. Total. Feet. Feet. Unrecorded 25 Pittsburgh coal 8 33 Unrecorded 787 820 Sand, First Salt? (II Cow Run) 60 880 Unrecorded 70 950 Second Salt sand 50 1000 Unrecorded (gas, 1355') 1360 Big Injun sand (gas, 1545') 240 1600 Unrecorded 320 1920 Sand, Gantz 20' ] Unrecorded 15 \ (Gantz) 50 1970 Sand, Fifty-foot 15 j Unrecorded 15 1985 Sand, Thirty-foot? (Fifty-foot) (gas, 2014') and unre- corded to bottom 2034 10" casing, 153'; 8 1 A" casing, 760' ; 6%" casing, 1010'; 3" tubing, 2034'. Packer set at 1367'. “Initial gas volume, 5,000,000 cu. ft. daily.” WEST VIRGINIA GEOLOGICAL SURVEY The log of the Moses Tichenall No. 1 well (655) above shows the Fifty-foot sand in this locality, coming I960' below the Pittsburgh coal; hence, the gas horizon in the Lyons well (663A) must represent that sand, and not the Thirty-foot as given by the driller. The detailed log of the Dick Smith No. 1 well (668), located on the west bank of Simpson creek, 2 miles southeast of Meadowbrook, was published on page 330 of Vol. 1(A) of the State Geological reports. It reports gas in the Big Injun and Gordon, and an oil show in the Bayard sand. On Jack run northward from Clarksburg, where the latter stream intersects the axis of the Shinnston Basin, there occur two or three wells in which a good showing of oil was encountered in the Bayard sand. The detailed record of one of these borings; viz., Robt. W. Coon No. 1 (665), is published in connection with the Two Miles N. of Clarks- burg section, page 112. This well reports two barrels of oil daily from a sand 2465 feet below the Pittsburgh coal and 60 feet below the base of the Fifth sand. The record notes a show of black oil in the I Cow Run, and gas in the Fifth sand. The record of the N. M. Talbott No. 1 well (666) from this Bayard sand oil pool, was published on page 329 of Vo*. 1(A) of the State Geological reports. This well starts 5 feet below the Pittsburgh coal, and its log reports the Bayard sand at a depth of 2450 feet. A gas pay was encountered near the top of the latter sand, and an oil show near the bottom of the same horizon. Southeastward on Murphy run there occurs a gas w'ell on the land of the Consolidation Coal Company. It was not learned at what horizon the gas was encountered. Prospective Oil and Gas Territory, Coal District. — The western portion of Coal district has been quite thoroughly tested and found very prolific gas territory, but there remains a considerable acreage in the central and eastern parts of the district that is favored both by development and geologic structure to a degree sufficient to warrant the drilling of many more wells. (1) That portion of the district imme- 528 PETROLEUM AND NATURAL GAS. diately northwestward from Adamston to Crooked run ap- pears good for Big Injun, Fifty-foot and Fifth sand gas; and (2) that, northeastward from Clarksburg, and westward from Murphy run, for gas at the same horizons, with a chance for Bayard sand oil in the immediate vicinity of the Jack run pool, and northward therefrom along the axis of the Shinns- ton Basin to the Coal-Simpson district line. CLARK DISTRICT. Clark district lies directly south of Coal district, and it is traversed by the same structural folds as the latter area; viz., the Wolf Summit anticline and the Shinnston syncline; hence, its strata are very much warped and disturbed. A glance at the structure map accompanying this report will show the Pittsburgh coal varying in elevation from 1080' A.T. at the east edge of Clarksburg to over 1350' A.T., 1 mile north of Quiet Dell. Owing to its high structural level and to practically the same conditions prevailing as that men- tioned in the introductory discussion of Coal district, the entire area of Clark appears favorable for gas, as no wells producing oil have yet been drilled within its boundaries. The development will now be considered from west to east. Near the crest of the Wolf Summit Arch on the waters of Simpson fork and Davisson run, 30 to 40 gas wells have been drilled. The main gas horizons are the Big Injun, Gordon and Fifth sands. The following is a record of one of these wells : B. W. Brown No. 1 Well Record (671). Located in Clark District, 1*4 miles south 70° east of Wilsonburg. Authority, Reserve Gas Company. Thickness. Total. (Elevation, 990' B-A. T.) Feet. Feet. Unrecorded 1260 1260 Big Injun sand 60 1320 Unrecorded 702 2022 Gordon sand (gas) 20 2042 Unrecorded 159 2201 Fifth sand (gas) 38 2239 Unrecorded to bottom 3 2242 WEST VIRGINIA GEOLOGICAL SURVEY 529 The well starts 150 feet, by aneroid, below the Pitts- burgh coal. The detailed record of the Hattie Porter No. 1 well, located one mile south of Wilsonburg, is published in con- nection with the South of Wilsonburg section, page 115. Gas is reported in the Salt, Big Injun and Gordon Stray sands. The two following records are from wells located just on the east side of the axis of the Shinnston syncline, on the waters of Elk creek : W. G. Kester No. 1 Well Record (678). Located in Clark District, 2 miles S. 30° E. of Clarksburg. Au- thority, Graselli Chemical Company. Thickness. Total. (Elevation, 995' B-A. T.) Feet. Feet. Conductor 8 8 Lime 65 73 Sand, (Grafton) 107 180 Slate 29 209 Lime 90 299 Sand, (I Cow Run) 20 319 Lime 40 359 Soft lime and slate 251 610 Gas sand 90 700 Slate and shells. 85 785 Lime, sandy 35 820 Lime 70 890 Sand, (Salt) 50 940 Lime 12 952 Slate and shells 40 992 Lime, soft 80 1072 Sand, (Maxton) 18 1090 Red rock 40 1130 Lime 60 1190 Red rock 35 1225 Slate 30 1255 time :::::::: : : : : : : : : : '.97 } . 128 2173 Fifth sand 22 2195 Unrecorded to bottom (no sands) 330 2525 10" casing, 130'; 8" casing, 1151'; 6%" casing, 1621'. Prospective Oil and Gas Territory, Simpson District. — Although the structural conditions are ideal over a large portion of Simpson district for the accumulation of large pools of natural gas, yet several test wells, scattered over its area, especially in the southeast half, have proved rather dis- appointing to the operator. A glance at the economic geology 538 PETROLEUM AND NATURAL GAS. map accompanying this report, will show the location of these wells, the most of which have been referred to in the fore- going pages. However, it has been learned by experience that a single dry hole does not actually condemn a very large acreage of the immediately surrounding territory, since it often happens that such a well occurs in the midst of an oil pool, due to a local hardening of the sand ; hence, in the writer's judgment, there yet remains a large acreage in Simp- son that warrants the drilling of more test wells. These areas will now be considered from northwest to southeast in the district. (1) That territory along the axis of the Shinnston Basin,, eastward from Meadowbrook, appears favorable for Big Injun gas with a chance for Bayard sand oil, in view of the fine showing of the Silas Ogden No. 1 well (648) to the north- ward in the same Basin; (2) that, northeastward from Simp- son creek to the Simpson-Clay district line, between the 1000 and 1100-foot contours of the Pittsburgh coal as outlined on the structure map accompanying this report, for gas in the Big Injun, With a chance for oil or gas in the Fifty-foot,. Gordon and Bayard sands; (3) that, on Barnett run, imme- diately to the northeast and southwest of the Morgan R. Lodge No. 1 well (683), for oil in the Fifty-foot sand; (4) that, along the crest of the Chestnut Ridge anticline south- westward from the Taylor-Harrison county line to the 39° 15' parallel of N. Latitude, for gas in the Maxton, Big Injun, Fifty-foct, and Bayard sands; and (5) that, drained by the waters of Beards run southwest of Tyrconnell Mines, for gas with a chance for oil on account of the terrace structure prevailing at this place. GRANT DISTRICT. Grant district lies along the southern border of Harrison county, on the east of and adjoining West Fork river. Its area is traversed by three structural folds; viz., the Wolf Summit and Chestnut Ridge anticlines, and the Shinnston synclines By far the greater portion lies within the latter WEST VIRGINIA GEOLOGICAL SURVEY 539 Basin. A glance at the structure map accompanying this report will show that much relief prevails therein, and that the entire area of the district occupies a high structural level, due to the convergence southward of the axes of the above- mentioned anticlines, the latter feature causing the rapid rise southward of the axis of the Shinnston Basin across the county ; hence, as should be expected, almost the whole of Grant is valuable gas territory. The greatest development has taken place on Browns run ; in the region immediately to the west of the axis of the Chestnut Ridge Arch; and along West Fork river on and near the crest of the Wolf Summit fold. In the north pan-handle of Grant, 15 to 20 gas wells have already been drilled on the waters of Browns run. A num- ber of the same are grouped around Byron, the detailed record of one- of which; viz., Claude Davisson No. 1 (701), is pub- lished in connection with the Byron section, page 122. This well is a heavy gasser from the Fifth sand. The following record is from a Fifth sand gasser near the head of Browns run : Levi Paugh No. 1352 Well Record (704). Located in Grant District, 2 miles southeast of Byron. 'Author- ity, Hope Natural Gas Company. (Elevation, 1176' L-A. T.) Unrecorded Big Injun sand Unrecorded Fifth sand (gas) Unrecorded to bottom Thickness. Total. Feet. Feet. 1410 1410 . ... 95 1505 785 2290 22 2312 . . . . .3 2315 The wejl starts 150 feet below the Pittsburgh coal. Southward in the region immediately northeast and southwest of Lost Creek station, a large number of heavy gas wells have been drilled recently. The eleven following records from wells in this locality contain much valuable data con- cerning both the gas and the coal beds penetrated by the boring : 540 PETROLEUM AND NATURAL GAS. Seventh Day Baptist Church Lot Well Record (705). Located in Grant District, % mile northeast of Lost Creek. Au- thority, Lost Creek Oil and Gas Company. Completed June 5, 1910. Thickness. Total. (Elevation, 1070' L-A. T.) Feet. Feet. Clay, etc 58 58 Sand (water) (Moundsville) 28 86 Coal, (Bakerstown) 33 119 Sand 96 215 Coal, (Brush Creek) 5 220 Sand (Big Dunkard) 31 251 Shale 169 420 Sand, Big Dunkard? (“Gas”) 40 460 Shale (water, 425') 5 465 Coal, (Clarion) 7 472 Shale 18 490 Sand, (II Cow Run) 30 520 Shale 50 570 Sand 40 610 Shale 30 640 Salt sand (water, 670') 65 705 Sand 25 780 Coal, (Quakertown) 3 733 Sand 2 735 Lime 11 746 Shale 64 810 Sand, (Salt) 65 875 Shale 5 880 Sand (pocket of gas at 890') (Salt) 80 960 Red rock..., 24 984 Lime 6 990 Sand, (Maxton) 50 1040 Red rock 85 1125 Black slate 45 1170 Little lime * 10 1180 Pencil cave 20 1200 Big Lime 60 1260 Sand, Big Injun (gas, 1280') 140 1400 White slate 20 1420 Gritty lime.- 18 1438 Slate and shells 22 1460 Lime 163 1623 Gantz sand (gas, 1625'-1640') 80 1703 Black slate 5 % 1708 Fifty-foot sand (oil and water, 1723' to 1730') 22 1730 Sand 34 1764 Sand 8 1772 Black slate 3 1775 Sand, Thirty-foot 35 1810 Slate and shells 20 1830 Hard sand, (Gordon Stray) 28 1858 Red rock 75 1933 Sand, Gordon v 17 1950 Red rock 38 1988 Fourth sand 27 2015 WEST VIRGINIA GEOLOGICAL SURVEY 541 Shells Hard sand (local) Slate and shells Slate Fifth sand (gas, 2158') Slate to bottom Thickness. Total. Feet. Feet. 2030 . . . 20 2050 ... 45 2095 ... 57 2152 , . . . 34 2186 7 2193 The well starts about 300 feet below the Pittsburgh coal. According to G. M. Gribble, an interested party in the well, it would have pumped 15 to 25 barrels of oil daily from the Fifty-foot sand. Seventh Day Baptist Church Lot No. 1 Well Record (706). Located in Grant District, at Lost Creek. Authority, Pennsyl- vania Oil & Gas Company. Thickness Total (Elevation, 1020' B-A. T.) Feet. Feet Unrecorded (water, 20' and 180') 200 200 Sand, Little Dunkard? (Big Dunkard) 50 250 Unrecorded 50 300 Sand, Big Dunkard? (Burning Springs) 50 350 Unrecorded 70 420 Gas sand 35 455 Unrecorded t 140 595 Salt sand 50 645 Unrecorded (water, 656') 64 709 Salt sand 96 805 Unrecorded 308 1113 Little lime 13 1126 Unrecorded . . ., r4 1150 Pencil cave 3 1153 Big Lime 53 1206 Big Injun sand.. 118 1324 Unrecorded 221 1545 Sand, Gantz? (Berea) (gas, 1545') 25 1570 Unrecorded 80 1650 Fifty-foot sand 75 1725 Unrecorded ( 54 1779 Thirty-foot sand... 6 1785 Unrecorded t 143 1928 Sand, Gordon Stray? (Gordon) 11 1939 Unrecorded 20 1959 Sand, Gordon? (Fourth) 25 1984 Unrecorded 93 2077 Fifth sand (gas, 2092') 28 2105 Unrecorded to bottom 5 2110 The. well starts 20 feet below the Harlem coal and 350 feet below the Pittsburgh bed. 542 PETROLEUM AND NATURAL GAS. I. M. Swisher No. 1 Well Record (719). Located in Grant District, 0.7 mile northwest of Lost Creek. Au- thority, Tri-State Gas Company. Thickness Total (Elevation, 1160' B-A. T.) Feet. Feet. Unrecorded 100 Sand, Murphy? (Grafton) (water, 165').... 65 165 Unrecorded 300 Sand, Little Dunkard? (Biq Dunkard) 77 377 Unrecorded 410 Sand, Big Dunkard (Burning Springs, Gas and II Cow Run) 725 Unrecorded 27 752 Sand, “Gas”? (Salt)... 66 818 Unrecorded 825 Salt sand 945 Unrecorded 115 1060 Maxton sand 1140 Unrecorded 1270 Little lime 20 1290 Pencil cave 10 1300 Big Lime (hole full of water) 62 1362 Unrecorded 1370 Big Injun sand 120 1490 Unrecorded 10 1500 Squaw sand 65 1565 Unrecorded 240 1805 Sand, Fifty-foot (Gantz and 50-ft.) 100 1905 Unrecorded 35 1940 Sand, (Thirty-foot) . . . . 25 1965 Unrecorded 25 1990 Gordon Stray sand.... 20 2010 Unrecorded . ..' 60 2070 Gordon sand 40 2110 Unrecorded 195 2305 Fifth sand (gas, 2310'). 29 2334 Unrecorded to bottom.. 8 2342 The well starts 165 feet below the horizon of the Pitts- burgh coal. L. M. Bassell No. 3 Well Record (732D). Located in Grant District, mile northwest of Lost Creek. Au- thority, Tri-State Gas Company. Thickness. Total. Feet. Feet. Unrecorded 620 620 Salt sand (water, 680') 115 735 Unrecorded 325 1060 Red rock 105 1165 Unrecorded 70 1235 Big Lime 65 1300 Big Injun sand (water and gas. 1325') 121 1421 WEST VIRGINIA GEOLOGICAL SURVEY 543 Thickness. Total. Feet. Feet. Unrecorded 221 1642 Sand, Gantz? (Berea) (water and gas, 1645') 28 1670 Unrecorded 55 1725 Sand, Fifty-foot (Gantz and 50-ft.) (y 2 bailer of water per hour) 68 1793 Unrecorded 57 1850 Thirty-foot sand 42 1892 Unrecorded 120 2012 Sand, Gordon Stray? 13'] Unrecorded 2 [-(Fourth) 38 2050 Sand, Gordon 23 J Unrecorded 120 2170 Fifth sand (gas, 2172') 22 2192 Unrecorded to bottom 11 \ 2203 J Bassell Heirs No. 2 Well Record (732B). Located in Grant District, 0.3 mile southwest of Lost Creek. Au- thority, Tri-State Gas Company. Thickness. Total. Feet. Feet. Unrecorded 450 450 Sand, Big Dunkard (“Gas”) 60 510 Unrecorded 215 725 Sand, “Gas” (Salt) 40 765 Unrecorded 32 797 Salt sand 148 945 Unrecorded 145 1190 Big Lime 85 1275 Big Injun sand 115 1390 Unrecorded 201 1591 Sand, Gantz? (Berea) (gas, 1605'-1617') 26 1617 Unrecorded (water, 1619'-1655') 38 1655 Slate and shells 35 1690 Fifty-foot sand 30 1720 Slate and shells 80 1800 Thirty-foot sand 40 1840 Red rock 130 1970 Sand, Stray? (Gordon) 25 1995 Unrecorded 8 2003 Sand, Gordon? (Fourth) (water, 2011') ... 41 2044 Unrecorded 94 2138 Fifth sand 32 2170 Unrecorded to bottom 45 2215 “Tubed w'ith 1617' of 4" Anchor Packer set 43' from bottom. Abandoned.” Bassell Heirs No. 1 Well Record (732A). Located in Grant District, 0.4 mile southwest of Lost Creek. Au- thority, Tri-State Gas Company. Thickness. Total. Feet. Feet. 26 26 24 50 66 116 Unrecorded Fine water we'l in lime, and unrecorded Fine wa + er well in sand and unrecorded 544 PETROLEUM AND NATURAL GAS. Thickness. Total. Feet. Feet. Coal, (Bakerstown) 2 118 Unrecorded 155 Sand 5 100 Unrecorded 200 Sand, (Big Dunkard) 231 Unrecorded 104 335 Coal, (Upper Kittanning) 338 Unrecorded 365 Sand 40 405 Coal, (Lower Kittanning)?... . . . . 4 409 Unrecorded 560 Sand, (Salt) 648 Unrecorded 715 Sand, (Salt) 750 Unrecorded 15 765 Sand 800 Unrecorded 10 810 Sand (Salt) (hole full of water, 885') 75 885 Unrecorded 5 890 Sand 920 Unrecorded 15 935 Red rock and slate 255 1190 Big Lime (hole full of water, 1220') 95 1285 Big Injun sand 100 1385 Unrecorded 183 1567 Sand, Gantz? (Berea) (first gas pay, 1570'; second pay, 1583') and unrecorded to bottom 20 1587 “Tubed with 1587' of 4" Anchor Packer set 47' from bottom.” The drillers in this region mistake the Berea- sand for the Gantz. John H. Hardway No. 1 Well Record (716). Located in Grant District, 0.8 mile S. 10° W. of Lost Creek. Au- thority, Graselli Chemical Company. Thickness Total (Elevation, 1080' B-A. T.) Feet. Feet. Conductor -16 16 Slate 40 56 Coal, (Harlem) 3 59 Slate . .. .-r. 30 89 Lime 25 114 Slate 56 170 Lime 15 185 Slate .' 35 220 Lime 40 260 Sand ...' 10 270 Lime no 380 Coal , (Upper Kittanning). 6 386 Lime 49 435 Little sand (“Gas”) 35 470 Slate 44 514 WEST VIRGINIA GEOLOGICAL SURVEY 545 Thickness. Total. Feet. Feet. Lime 20 534 Slate ( 10 544 Lime 38 582 Sand, (Salt) 35 617 Slate 13 630 Lime 5 635 Sand, (Salt) 81 716 Slate 26 742 Sand, (Salt) 53 795 Slate ’ 4 799 Sand 10 809 Slate 25 834 Sand 36 870 Slate 5 875 Sand (Salt) 113 988 Red rock t 15 1003 Lime 30 1033 Rock ' 73 1106 Slate 35 1141 Lime 41 1182 Slate ( 14 1196 Big Lime 104 1300 Big Injun sand 100 1400 Slate ' 140 1540 Lime 35 1575 Slate ’ 20 1595 Sand, Gantz? (Berea) (gas) 45 1640 J. N. Rector No. 1 Well Record (717A). Located in Grant District, % mile southwest of Lost Creek. Au- thority, Tri-State Gas Company. Thickness. Total. (Elevation, 1155' B-A. T.) Feet. Feet. Unrecorded 345 345 Sand, Dunkard (I Cow Run) 20 365 Unrecorded 115 480 Coal, (Lower Freeport) 2 482 Unrecorded 41 523 Gas sand 48 571 Unrecorded 57 628 Sand 20 648 Lime 30 678 Sand, First Salt? (II Cow Run) 30 708 Break 15 723 Salt sand (water, 775', 6 bailers) 67 790 Unrecorded 10 800 Sand, (Salt) 75 875 Unrecorded 5 880 Sand 20 900 Coal, (Sharon?) 6 906 Lime 32 938 Sand, (Maxton) 92 1030 Unrecorded 25 1055 546 PETROLEUM AND NATURAL GAS. Thickness. Total. Feet. Feet. Red rock 45 1100 Unrecorded 170 1270 Little lime 25 1295 Pencil cave 11 1306 Big Lime 79 1385 Big Injun sand 122 1507 Unrecorded 133 1640 Sand, (Squaw) 20 1660 Unrecorded 56 1716 Sand, Gantz? (Berea) (gas, 1719') to bottom 14 1730 The well starts about 160 feet below the Pittsburgh coal. W. G. Kennedy No. 1 Well Record (718). Located in Grant District, 0.9 mile southwest of Lost Creek. Au- thority, Tri-State Gas Company. Thickness. Total. (Elevation, 1185' B-A. T.) Feet. Feet. Unrecorded 500 500 Sand, Dunkard? (Burning Springs) 90 590 Unrecorded 160 750 Sand, Salt (II Cow Run and Salt) (water, 810') 205 955 Unrecorded 190 1145 Maxton sand 25 1170 Unrecorded 174 1344 Big Lime (water, 1384') 78 1422 Big Injun sand 103 1525 Unrecorded 248 1773 Sand, Gantz? (Berea) 69 1842 Unrecorded 18 1860 Sand, (Gantz) 40 1900 Unrecorded 73 1973 Fifty-foot sand (water, 1975' and 1978') 17 1990 Unrecorded 70 2060 Sand, (Thirty-foot) 52 2112 Unrecorded 23 2135 Sand, (Gordon Stray) 30 2165 Unrecorded 8 2173 Sand, Gordon Stray? (Gordon) 13 2186 Unrecorded 9 2195 Sand, Gordon? 10' 1 Unrecorded 25 ) (Fourth) 45 2240 Sand, Fourth 10 j Unrecorded 64 2304 Fifth sand (gas, 2304' and 2311') to bottom 21 2325 Reamed, 133'; cased at 1845'; pulled, reamed and cased, 1998'. Tubed with 2325' of 3" and one 5 T 3 e"x3" Larkin packer. The well starts 125 feet below the Pittsburgh coal. WEST VIRGINIA GEOLOGICAL SURVEY 547 S. J. Davisson No. 1 Well Record (718A). Located in Grant District, % mile southwest of Lost Creek. Au- thority, Tri-State Gas Company. Thickness. Total. (Elevation, 1330' B-A. T.) Feet. Feet. Unrecorded 10 10 Pittsburgh coal? (Redstone).. 5 15 Unrecorded 545 560 Big Dunkard sand 40 600 Unrecorded 265 865 Salt sand 325 1190 Unrecorded 310 1500 Little Lime 20 1520 Unrecorded 10 1530 Big Lime 1595 Big Injun sand 80 1675 Unrecorded 223 1898 Sand, Gantz (Berea) (gas, 1919'; water, 1940')... 80 1978 Unrecorded 62 2040 Fifty-foot sand 60 2100 Unrecorded 210 2310 Sand, Gordon Stray? (Gordon) 14 2324 Unrecorded 9 2333 Sand, Gordon? Unrecorded Sand, Fourth 17' 1 25 t (Fourth) 15 J 57 2390 Unrecorded 60 2450 Fifth sand (gas, 2456'-2463') . . 18 2468 Unrecorded to bottom 26 2494 “Cased at 1919'; afterward reamed down and cased at 1986'.” L. B. Davisson No. 1 Well Record (732C). Located in Grant District, 1*4 miles southwest of Lost Creek. Au- thority, Tri-State Gas Company. Thickness. Total. Feet. Feet. Unrecorded 90 90 Coal, (Elk Lick) 3 93 Unrecorded 62 155 Coal, (Harlem) 5 160 Unrecorded 340 500 Sand, Dunkard (“Gas”) 60 560 Unrecorded 135 695 Sand, Salt (II Cow Run and Salt) 415 1110 Unrecorded 226 1336 Big Lime 59 1395 Big Injun sand 142 1537 Unrecorded 203 1740 Sand, Gantz? (Berea) 36 1776 Unrecorded 54 1830 Sand, (Gantz) 15 1845 Unrecorded 255 2100 Sand, Gordon Stray (Gordon) 15 2115 548 PETROLEUM AND NATURAL GAS. Thickness. Total. Feet. Feet. Unrecorded 35 2140 Sand, Gordon? (Fourth) 20 2160 Unrecorded 20 2180 Fourth sand 15 2195 Unrecorded 67 2262 Fifth sand (gas, 2265') 16 2278 Slate and shells (bridged at 2310' and shot) 342 2620 Lime 20 2640 Unrecorded 65 2705 Sand 10 2715 Unrecorded 138 2853 Sand 32 2885 Unrecorded 15 2900 Lime 15 2915 Unrecorded 85 3000 Lime 25 3025 Unrecorded 50 3075 Lime 75 3150 Unrecorded to bottom 33 3183 The above is a very interesting record, in that two sands are reported several hundred feet below the Fifth sand, the well reaching a depth of over 3400 feet below the Pittsburgh coal bed. The detailed record of the C. S. Gribble No. 1 well (708A), located one mile southeast from Lost Creek, is pub- lished in connection with the section for the latter place, page 124. This well is a heavy gasser in the Berea, Fourth and Fifth sands, having an initial daily volume of 5,500,000 cubic feet from all sands. A brief record of the L. D. Blake No. 1 well (712), located near the head of Lost creek in the southeast corner of Grant, is given in the Harrison county table of wells. About 15 gas wells have been drilled along the southern border of Grant, in the region immediately surrounding Mc- Whorter. The following is the record of one of these wells, taken from page 670 of Vol. 11(A) of the State Survey re- ports : W. H. NcWhorter No. 3 Well Record (725). Loated in Grant District, 2% miles southwest of Lost Creek. Au- thority, The Raven Carbon Company. Thickness Total (Elevation, 1390' B-A. T.) Feet. Feet. Unrecorded 8 8 Redstone coal and unrecorded 42 50 WEST VIRGINIA GEOLOGICAL SURVEY 549 Thickness. Total. Feet. Feet. Pittsburgh coal and unrecorded 405 455 Coal, (Bakerstown) ( 6 461 Unrecorded 89 550 Sand, Little Dunkard? Big Dunkard) 70 620 Unrecorded t 205 825 Sand, (II cow Run and Salt) 315 1140 Unrecorded 10 1150 Sand, (Sale) 45 1195 Unrecorded 20 1215 Sand, (Salt) 81 1296 Unrecorded 258 1554 Big Lime 61 1615 Big Injun sand 145 1760 Unrecorded 191 1951 Sand, Gantz? (Berea) (gas, 1957') 61 2002 Unrecorded 331 2333 Gordon Stray ( 12 2345 Unrecorded 7 2352 Gordon sand (gas, 2358'; water, 2361') and unrecorded to bottom 10 2362 “Initial daily volume of gas JL, 500, 000 cu. ft. from the Gantz? (Berea) and 1,000,000 cu. ft. from the Gordon. The following is the record of a gas well drilled on Lost creek, near the axis of the Shinnston Basin. The well starts about 135 feet below the Pittsburgh coal : Porter Maxwell No. 1982 Well Record (720). Located in Grant District, 1% miles southeast of West Milford. Authority, Philadelphia Company. Completed Oct. 5, 1909. Thickness Total (Elevation, 1015' B-A. T.) Feet. Feet. Unrecorded 370 370 Sand, Little Dunkard? (Big Dunkard) , 48 418 Unrecorded 27 445 Sand, Big Dunkard? (Burning Springs and “Gas”) (water, 555') , 145 590 Unrecorded 75 665 Sand, “Gas”? (II Cow Run) 55 720 Unrecorded 90 810 Salt sand , 40 850 Unrecorded 475 1325 Big Lime 80 1405 Big Injun sand..., 205 1610 Unrecorded 140 1750 Sand, Gantz? (Berea) 40 1790 Unrecorded 50 1840 Fifty-foot sand (water, I860') 45 1885 Unrecorded 35 1920 Thirty-foot sand 43 1963 Unrecorded 77 2040 550 PETROLEUM AND NATURAL GAS. Thickness. Total. Feet. Feet. Sand, Gordon Stray? (Gordon) 55 2095 Unrecorded 38 2133 Sand, Gordon? (Fourth) (oil, 2133'; water, 2136') 62 2195 Unrecorded 71 2266 Fifth sand, (gas, 2270') 18 2284 Unrecorded to bottom 168 2452 10" casing, 178'; S 1 /^" casing, 671'; 6% casing, 1570'; 5 T V' casing, 2166'. Pressure test in 5 T y' pipe: Before Shot After Shot 1st minute 0 lbs. 15 lbs. 2nd minute 2 lbs. 30 lbs. 5th minute 13 lbs. 55 lbs. 10th minute 30 lbs. 65 lbs. 15th minute 40 lbs. 130 lbs. 20th minute 50 lbs. ... lbs. The following is the record of a well 1.5 miles almost due eastward : Porter Maxwell No. 2039 Well Record (721). Located in Grant District, 1 % miles north of Lost Creek. Au- thority, Philadelphia Company. Completed Sept. 15, 1910. Thickness Total (Elevation, 1245’' B-A. T.) Feet. Feet. Conductor (Pittsburgh coal at about 15') 17 17 Unrecorded 233 250 Sand, Little Dunkard? (Murphy) 50 300 Unrecorded 125 425 Sand, Big Dunkard? (I Cow Run) 25 450 Unrecorded 104 554 Sand, “Gas”? (Big Dunkard) 19 573 Unrecorded ( 162 735 Sand, First Salt? (Clarion) 30 765 Unrecorded 100 865 Salt sand t 179 1044 Unrecorded 166 1210 Sand, Maxton? (Salt) 40 1250 Unrecorded 235 1485 Pencil cave 15 1500 Big Lime 60 1560 Big Injun sand 120 1680 Unrecorded 30 1710 Squaw sand 50 1760 Unrecorded 80 1840 Berea sand 20 1860 Unrecorded 64 1924 Gantz sand 6 1930 Unrecorded 10 1940 Fifty-foot sand (gas and water, 1940') 34 1974 Unrecorded 36 2010 WEST VIRGINIA GEOLOGICAL SURVEY 551 Thirty-foot sand Unrecorded Gordon Stray sand Unrecorded Gordon sand t Unrecorded Fifth sand (gas, 2446') Shells to bottom 13" casing, 16'; 10" casing, 239'; 1585'; 3" tubing, 2492'. Thickness. Total. Feet. Feet. 25 2135 100 2235 . . 20 2255 20 2275 32 2307 135 2442 33 2475 20 2495 casing, 1207'; 6 %" casing, Southeastward on Duck creek, near the axis of the Shinnston Basin the Southern Oil Company drilled the Enoch Gaston No. 1 well (722), the log. of which was pub- lished on page 334 of Vol. 1(A) of the State Survey reports. A little gas and a show of oil was encountered in what appears to be the Fifth sand in this well, and not the Bayard as given in the report mentioned, as the top of the latter sand belongs 1000 feet below the top of the Big Injun sand in the Clarksburg region a short distance northeastward. One mile farther down Duck creek there occurs a small oil pool in what appears to be the Thirty-foot sand, repre- sented by the A. A. Smith No. 1 (730), and H. Burnside & Smith No. 1 (731) wells. According to a brief record of the latter well, as furnished by the South Penn Oil Company (the owners) the producing sand is the Gordon, coming only 635 feet below the top of the Big Injun sand. The following record of a well, 1.3 miles northeastward, shows the top of the Gordon coming 727 feet below the top of the Big Injun: hence, the oil evidently belongs in the Thirty-foot. The first well (730) is reported as having an initial production of 5 barrels daily; and the second (731), 20 barrels daily: Mary F. Price No. 1 Well Record (732). Located in Grant District, 0.3 mile south of West Milford. Au- thority, Vesper Gas Company. Thickness Total (Elevation, 1130' L-A. T.) Feet. Feet. Conductor 13 13 Unrecorded (water, 60') 77 90 Sand, (Murphy) 25 115 Slate 65 180 552 PETROLEUM AND NATURAL GAS. Thickness. Tota Feet. Feet. Sand, (Grafton) 30 210 Slate and shells. 285 495 Sand, (Big Dunkard) 55 550 Slate and shells 300 850 Sand, (Salt) 50 900 Slate 45 945 Sand, (Salt) ' 155 1100 Slate and shells 100 1200 Red rock. t 140 1340 Slate and shells ' 40 1380 Big Lime 60 1440 Big Injun sand (little gas, 1456'; little gas, 1631'; steel line measurement) 115 1555 Slate and shells 270 1825 Sand, Gantz? (Berea) (gas, 750,000 cu. ft., 1828'; steel line measurement) 25 1850 Slate , 35 1885 Slate and shells ’ 55 1940 Fifty-foot sand 25 1965 Slate . v ’ 30 1995 Thirty-foot sand (small gas, 1996') 10 2005 Slate , 60 2065 Red rock 102 2167 Sand, Stray? (Gordon) 30 2197 Slate 20 2217 Sand, Gordon? (Fourth) 20 2237 Slate 88 2325 Fifth sand (small gas, 2325' and 2335') 18 2343 Unrecorded to bottom 4 2347 The well starts 87 feet by hand-level below the Pitts- burgh coal. The record shows the Berea to be the main gas horizon. Southward from Goodhope in Grant district, there occur several gas wells along and near the crest of the Wolf Summit anticline. The following is a record of one of these wells that starts 40 feet by aneroid above the base of the Ames limestone : Mary J. Burnside No. 1 Well Record (728). Located in Grant District, 0.9 mile south of Goodhope. Authority, Wheeling Natural Gas Company. Thickness Total (Elevation, 1025' B-A. T.) Feet Feet. Unrecorded (water at 40') 240 240 Big Dunkard sand... ( 50 290 Unrecorded 66 356 Sand (“Gas”) ,. . . 44 400 Unrecorded 95 495 Sand (water, 528') (Clarion) .... 25 520 WEST VIRGINIA GEOLOGICAL SURVEY 553 Thickness. Total. Feet. Feet. Coal, (Clarion) 4 524 Sand, Big Dunkard? (II Cow Run) ’ 41 565 Unrecorded 35 600 Sand, “Gas”? (Salt) 40 640 Unrecorded 25 665 Salt sand 150 815 Unrecorded 5 820 Salt sand f 80 900 Unrecorded 30 930 Salt sand . . 40 970 Unrecorded 105 1075 Maxton sand (gas, 1080') 35 1110 Unrecorded 15 1125 Little lime . t 35 1160 Pencil cave 10 1170 Big Lime 50 1220 Big Injun sand... 170 1390 Unrecorded 250 1640 Sand, Gantz? (Berea) 24 1664 Unrecorded 36 1700 Sand, Fifty-foot? (Gantz) 20 1720 Unrecorded 30 1750 Sand, Thirty-foot? (Fifty-foot) gas, 1755') 21 1771 Unrecorded ( 89 1860 Gordon Stray sand 40 1900 Unrecorded 27 1927 Gordon sand (gas, 1934') 35 1962 Unrecorded 101 2063 Fifth sand (gas, 2065' and 2073') 15 2078 Unrecorded to bottom 2 2080 Prospective Oil and Gas Territory, Grant District. — - There yet remains a large acreage of untested territory in Grant district that is favored both by present development and geologic structure. Considering these areas from west to east, (1) that portion of the district between the axes of the Wolf Summit anticline and the Shinnston syncline, south- westward from Duck creek to the Harrison-Lewis county line appears good for gas in the Berea, Thirty-foot and Fifth sands ; (2) that, immediately northwestward from the wells (730 and 731) on Duck creek, for Thirty-foot sand oil, with a chance for gas in the Big Injun, Berea, and Fifth; (3) that, southeastward from West Milford between the channels of Lost and Duck Creeks, for gas at the same horizons ; (4) that, northeastward from Lost creek to Browns creek and west- ward from the 1225-foot contour of the Pittsburgh coal as outlined on the structure map accompanying this report, for 554 PETROLEUM AND NATURAL GAS. gas ; (5) and that, southward from Rockford to the Harrison- Lewis county line, for gas in the Fifty-foot, Berea, Fourth and Fifth sands. ELK DISTRICT. Elk district occupies the southeastern corner of Harrison county, and its area is traversed by three structural folds ; viz., the Chestnut Ridge and Ruraldale anticlines, and the Grass- land syncline. Only 7 or 8 wells have ever been drilled within its boundaries, 6 of which were gassers, and the others comparatively dry holes. The two following records are from gas wells located in this district along the western slope of the Chestnut Ridge Arch : Frank White No. 1 Well Record (733). Located in Elk District, 1 mile northwest of Quiet Dell. Au- thority, Hope Natural Gas Company. Thickness Total (Elevation, 1090' B-A. T.) Feet. Feet. Unrecorded 1400 1400 Big Injun sand 100 1500 Unrecorded (gas in Thirty-foot sand) .. 803 2303 Fifth sand (gas) 28 2331 Unrecorded to bottom 4 2335 The well starts about 160 feet below the Pittsburgh coal. H. Booth (Carr) No. 1 Well Record (734). Located in Elk District, on Suds run, 1.3 miles southward from Quiet Dell. Completed in 1888. Thickness. Total (Elevation, 1010' L-A. T.) Feet. Feet. Conductor 4 4 Sand 3 7 Fireclay . . ._ 10 17 Slate, black 40 57 Flint (Hughes River) (Brush Creek Limestone) 62 Shale, red 12 74 Limestone, hard 32 106 Sand, gray 14 120 Sand, black 7 5 125 Shale, sandy 10 135 WEST VIRGINIA GEOLOGICAL SURVEY 555 Thickness. Total Feet. Feet. Sand, hard, black 5' | Sandstone, brown 18' | Sandstone, hard, white 4' | Limestone 9' }-|(Big Dunkard) 82 217 Sandstone, hard, white. .. .14' | Sandstone, brown, hard... 9' j Sandstone, hard, white. .. .23' J Slate, black 33 250 White slate and shells 25 275 Limestone and sand 8 283 Soapstone 7 290 f Sandstone, gray 33 323 Gas sand •{ Shale, sandy 35 358 [Sa-d, black 4 362 Slate, white 21 383 Black, flint 4 387 Sand, white 8 393 Coal, (Lower Kittanning) 1 394 Shale, black 31 425 Slate, black 15 440 Slate, white 27 467 Sand, white (II Cow Run) (saltwater) (gas from 467 to 472 feet — odorless) 35 502 Sand, black 16 518 Sand, white (salt water) 32 550 Slate, brown 13 563 Slate or shale, black t .. 37 600 Sand, white (salt water) (Salt) 70 670 Sand, black 8 678 Sand, white 2 680 Shale, black 22 702 Limestone 8 710 Sand, gray t 35 745 Slate, light colored 5 750 Sand, gray 37 787 Black slate and shale 113 900 Sand, gray 20 920 Limestone, dark 20 940 Slate, red 5 945 Slate, black 5 950 Slate, red 86 1036 Slate, white 34 1070 Sand, gray 20 1090 Slate, white 20 1110 Shale, sandy ( 30 1140 Slate, white 1 10 1150 Shale, black 20 1170 Shale, white 25 1195 Slate, red 5 1200 Slate, black .’ 5 1205 Limestone (gas) (Big Lime) t 70 1275 Sand, gray (Big Injun, top ledge) 7 1282 Sand, dark 7 1289 Limestone ( 11 1300 Sand, white 15 1315 556 PETROLEUM AND NATURAL GAS. Thickness. Total Feet. Shale, red 5 Sand, gray 15 Limestone and sand 15 Sand, gray 15 Gray shelly sand (trace of oil) (Big Injun, lower ledge) 7 Shale, red 12 Slate, blue 91 Hard shelly slate ‘ 10 Sand, gray 5 Sand and shells . 30 Shale, light 90 Gray sandy shells 15 Shale, light 50 Slate, white 45 Sand, gray 34'] Sand, dark, shelly .13' | Sand, gray 17' (Gantz and Ffity-foot) 130. Sand, dark gray 26' Sand, light shelly 25' Sand, fine white 15' Sand, light shelly ' 20 Slate, dark 5 Sand, gray (Thirty-foot) (trace of oil)..! 10 Sand, black 5 Slate, blue ! 5 f Sand, gray 27' ] Sand, (Gordon Stray).. ] Sand, light gray (gas) 4' ]■ 40 [ Sand, gray, shelly. ... 9' J Slate, blue 7 Slate, red 8 Sand, red 45 Slate, dark 20 Sand, gray (Gordon) (trace of oil and gas) 15 Slate, dark ( 15 Sand, gray 15 Shale, blue, sandy 40 Sand, blue, (Fourth) 20 Slate, dark, hard and shelly 10 Sand, gray (oil) (Fifth) 20 Slate and shells 85 Feet. 1320 1335 1350 1365 1372 1384 1475 1485 1490 1520 1610 1625 1675 1720 1850 1870 1875 1885 1890 1895 1935 1942 1950 1995 2015 2030 2045 2060 2100 2120 2130 2150 2235 Sand, dark, pebbly (gas) 8' ] Slate, white 4 [ (Bayard) 22 2257 Sand, brown, to bottom 10 J The well starts nearly flush with the horizon of the Bakerstown coal. The above record is very interesting in that complete details are given of all formations penetrated. Only one thin coal (Lower Kittanning) is reported. A trace of oil was en- countered in the Big Injun, Thirty-foot, Gordon and Fifth sands ; and gas in the II Cow Run, Big Lime, Gordon Stray, and Bayard sands. WEST VIRGINIA GEOLOGICAL SURVEY 557 The following is the record of a well on Hastings run, nearly on the axis of the Chestnut Ridge anticline, that starts 20 feet by hand-level below the Harlem coal, or 350 feet below the Pittsburgh bed : Arthur Conley No. 1 Well Record (736;. Located in Elk District, 2*4 miles west of Romines Mills. Au- thority, Hope Natural Gas Company. Thickness. Total. (Elevation, 1155' L-A. T.) Feet. Feet. Unrecorded 1225 1225 Big Injun sand 90 1315 Unrecorded 764 2079 Fifth sand (gas) 36 2115 Unrecorded to bottom 243 2358 One mile and a half northeastward the Tri-State Gas Company drilled a light gasser (737) on the A. H. Davisson farm, the detailed record of which is published in connection with the Romines Mills section, page 126. Two comparatively dry holes (738 and 739) were drilled on Rooting creek along the extreme southern border of Elk district, near the axis of the Grassland Basin. The following is a record of one of these wells : E. W. Post No. 1 Well Record (738). Located in Elk District, y 2 mile south of Johnstown. Authority, J. M. Guffey. Thickness. Total. (Elevation, 1060' B-A. T.) Feet. Feet. Unrecorded 1390 1390 Big Lime 75 1465 Unrecorded 10 1475 Big Injun sand 85 1560 Unrecorded to bottom 921 2481 The well starts 230 feet by aneroid below the Pittsburgh coal. The following is the record of a well drilled by the Hope Natural Gas Company a short distance (2.3 miles) across the Harrison county line in northern Upshur. The well starts 210 feet by aneroid below the Pittsburgh coal. The well would have made about 5 barrels daily from what appears to be the Squaw sand: 558 PETROLEUM AND NATURAL GAS. Isaac Reger No. 1 Well Record (740). Located in Warren District, Upshur county, on Hacker’s Creek. 2 Vz miles west of Rural Dale. Authority, N. D. Goe, Contractor. Thickness. Total. (Elevation, 1075' B-A. T.) Feet. Feet! Conductor 14 14 Unrecorded (water at 80') 169 183 Coal, (Bakerstown) 2 185 Unrecorded 40 225 f Sand (I Cow Run) 20 245 I Cow Run Unrecorded 10 255 [ Sand (water) 45 300 Unrecorded 85 385 Coal, (Upper Freeport) 2 387 Unrecorded 13 400 Sand, (Burning Springs) 10 410 Unrecorded 120 530 Sand 20 550 Unrecorded 60 610 Coal, (Clarion) 5 615 Unrecorded 37 652 Coal, (Tionesta?) 6 658 Unrecorded 35 693 Coal, (Upper Mercer?) 4 697 Unrecorded 83 780 Sand (Salt) (water) 35 815 Unrecorded 49 864 Sand (Salt) (water) 76 940 Unrecorded 100 1040 Sand (Salt) 60 1100 Unrecorded 5 1105 Sand (oil, 1146') (Salt) 62 1167 Red rock 246 1413 Unrecorded 18 1431 Little lime 22 1453 Pencil cave 24 1477 Big Lime 77 1554 Big Injun sand 148 1697 Unrecorded '. 89 1786 Sand, Gantz? j 14 1800 Unrecorded j- (Squaw) 8 1808 Sand (oil and water, 1834', 5 barrels) . . J 48 1856 Unrecorded 6 1862 Sand 10 1872 Unrecorded 143 2015 Red rock at 2015 Unrecorded 160 2175 Sand, Stray (Gordon Stray) 35 2210 Unrecorded 10 2220 Sand, Gordon 25 2245 Unrecorded 46 2291 Sand, Fourth 12 2303 Unrecorded 309J 26121 10" casing, 310'; 8" casing, 850' and 6 y 2 " casing, 2121'. A dry hole was drilled during 1911 and about 2 miles WEST VIRGINIA GEOLOGICAL SURVEY 559 farther down Hackers creek near the Upshur-Lewis county line, on the Foster (741) farm. Prospective Oil and Gas Territory, Elk District. — As mentioned on a preceding page, very little drilling for oil and gas has yet been done in Elk district. There is, however, a large acreage within its boundaries that warrants the drilling of more wells, especially for gas. Considering these areas from northwest to southeast across the district, (1) that por- tion of Elk westward to the district line from the 1375-foot contour of the Pittsburgh coal as outlined on the structure map accompanying this report, appears good for gas in the Fifty-foot, Thirty-foot and Fifth sands; (2) that, southwest- ward from Brushy fork of Elk along the crest of the the Chestnut Ridge anticline, for gas in the Berea, Fifty-foot, Fourth, Fifth and Bayard; and (3) that, along and near the axis of the Grassland syncline may possibly hold an oil pool in one of the sands below the Big Injun. The last record above given is only a short distance east of the axis of this Basin ; hence, this Squaw sand oil pool may extend north- eastward into Elk district, along the eastern slope of this syncline. CHAPTER IX COAL A discussion has already been given of the geology, structure and character of the coal beds of Doddridge and Harrison counties on preceding pages of this report. The purpose of this chapter is to give a more detailed discussion of the chemical composition and character of the apparent commercial coals, as well as their probable available area in the two counties. STATISTICS OF COAL PRODUCTION. In the Doddridge-Harrison area, coal mining on a com- mercial scale has been confined entirely to the Redstone and Pittsburgh beds. As mentioned on preceding pages of this report, both coals lie deeply buried in Doddridge and in western Harrison, but in the central and eastern portions of the latter county, the Wolf Summit and Chestnut Ridge anti- clines have elevated both beds above drainage, so that they are easily accessible to drift openings. Hence, all the develop- ment thus far in the area under discussion has been confined to Harrison county. The three following tables have been compiled from the annual report for the year ending June 30, 1910, of John Laing, Chief of the Department of Mines of West Virginia: WEST VIRGINIA GEOLOGICAL SURVEY 561 Coal Production of Harrison County from 1888 to 1910 inclusive. Year Tons of | 2240 lbs. Year | Tons of 2240 lbs. 1888 j 113,030 1901 | 1,088,715 1889 | 111,440 1902 | 1,662,144 1890 1 128,964 1903 | 2,108,336 1891 | 113,268 1904 | 2,445,202 1892 142,960 1905 2,560,905 3,030,737 3,343,319 3,168,042 3,005,689 ' 3,708,123 1893 J 248,099 1906 1894 | 275,297 1907 1895 | 204,442 1908 1896 j 155,772 1909 1897 221,249 1910 1898 j 271 554 1899 | 413,150 Total 29,167,867 1900 ; 647.430 Order of the Counties in the Production of Coal, 1897-1910. Counties 1897 1898 1899 1900 1901 CN1 0 loa 1 ^ 1903|1904|1905 1906 1907(1908 [1909 [1910 Fayette 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 1 1 1 2 2 2 | 2 2 2 McDowell 2 2 2 2 2 2 1 1 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 Marion | 3 3 3 3 ' 3 3 3 | 4 | 3 4 4 | 4 4 4 Kanawha 1 4 4 4 4 4 4 5 | 3 j 4 3 3 | 3 3 3 Mercer 5 5 5 6 6 6 6 | 6 6 6 6 | 6 6 ! 7 Harrison 9 9 8 7 5 5 4 1 5 ! 5 5 5 [ 5 5 5 Tucker 1 6 6 7 5 7 7 7 | 8 1 8 8 10 10 10 10 Mingo ! 8 8 9 9 9 8 8 | 7 I 7 7 7 | 7 9 9 Mineral 1 7 7 6 8 8 9 11 1 n 1 12 13 14 13 11 13 Preston ! 13 11 10 10 ! 10 10 9 | 10 1 10 9 9 11 13 11 Taylor | 10 10 11 11 i ii 11 14 | 16 16 16 17 [ 17 16 15 Marshall 11 12 12 12 13 16 13 | 14 14 15 15 18 19 16 Randolph i .. 14 1 I 4 14 12 | 13 13 12 13 | 14 14 14 Barbour 1 19 19 17 18 12 12 10 9 11 11 11 | 12 12 12 Raleigh 1 16 16 16 1 19 17 13 15 | 12 9 10 8 8 8 1 6 Putnam 12 13 13 13 15 15 16 | 15 15 14 18 | 16 17 1 17 Ohio | 15 15 14 15 16 17 18 | 19 21 22 21 | 21 21 1 20 Brooke i 17 18 18 20 20 20 23 | 22 17 17 16 | 15 15 ! 18 Mason 14 14 15 16 18 19 19 20 22 21 22 | 22 22 1 22 Grant • • 22 18 19 19 20 | 20 20 1 21 Logan .. [ .. 20 18 12 9 7 ! 8 Monongalia 20 17 19 17 19 18 17 | 17 18 20 19 19 1 18 | 19 Hancock 18 20 20 21 21 21 20 | 21 24 24 23 | 25 26 j 24 Clay . . | 25 23 23 24 | 27 30 | 30 Nicholas 22 24 | 24 25 25 25 | 26 27 26 Lincoln 23 21 | 23 i 27 26 30 30 25 1 28 Braxton .. | .. 1 “ * •• 26 | 23 23 23 Wayne • • 26 27 29 | 29 28 | 29 Upshur .. | •• j 28 27 ( 24 24 25 Greenbrier .. | .. 28 | 28 29 32 Lewis .. 31 | 31 32 I 33 Gilmer ;; 1 •• 1 32 I 32 31 1 31 Wyoming .. 1 .. 1 •• 1 . . | 33 34 1 34 Boone .. 1 .. 1 33 | 27 Production of Coal and Coke in Harrison County for the Year Ending June 30, 1910. 562 COAL pC — - ^ $3 Itg & ° g n-S ^ I is?! a o-§ sa b ^ oj ® 3 MEh t— 00 CO CO rH oo 05 UO CO t- O c- ■ CO rH c— rH CO uo rH rH cq oo 05 05 o 00 00 o [— cq CO UO 05 CO o cq t- 00 UO ® rH t> iH 05 o t- rH^ o oq uq rH UO CO 1—i 05 cq CO cq rq l— i co CO CO oo c- uo o" oT 00 uo uo CO cq" c-" 1—1 CO CO 05 c-~ CO 05 cq uo oo cc O UO 00 o CO o UO 1—1 CO 05 oo UO t- rH cq rH 1-1 i—i cq 1—1 oo CO 05 CO o c > LO CO t— U5 CO 05 05 OO r-i o t— t- c- t- CO cq o cq uo CO o »o lO UO rH CO LO rH t— o ■>cH o rf cq 05 T— 1 CO tH iH cq rH cq cq i— i T— 1 o CO cq rH uo tH tH O ■ CO • o o o UO CO rH o rH ’rH CO UO ■ 05 • t- o rH oo o cq © 1 UO ; cq ; ©^ UO rH t— tH © 05 t- cq © ! uo • cq" • oq" 1—1 1—1 uo rH CO T— < CO cr > 00 o uo rH 00 E— co oo t- t> • CO rH 1—1 uo i—l rH cq t- 1 05 rf < cq T— i rH tr- "CH o 05 CO C--CO 05 uo CO rH UO cq cq cq cq 1 05 I> • CO CO rH o oo CO CO O t- cq co uo tr- co oq cq cq cq co CO 00 CO 05 CO o uo l-H 05 05 oo LO CO cq c-" rH cq" co" r-T 05 ©" CO UO CO CO 1—1 uo oo o co o rH lO cq CO O 00 IO 00 J— 1 cq rH tH rH cq 1— 1 o’ UO 00 ICO lO c- CO CO UO o CO rt 1 o • UO iH o uo i— 1 o 05 00 o T— ( o © > oq o o CO uo 1—1 CO 1— < T— 1 o p 0 UO uo t- CO rH LO O O CO CO o cq_ CO oo CO cq CO l— ( t— CO *rH [- cq uo -cq CO 1—1 1 rH 05 i— 1 rh" oo" oq" o" 05 iH co" cq rH cq rH o" CO TjT tr^ o" rH c- cq cq 00 uo UO r- 1 CO oo CO cq CO cq c— uo uo CO rH rH r 1 CO CO oo 7— < CO CO 05 00 CO tr- o rt < r- o oo o i—i o o rH CO © i 05 cq i-H cq 05 CO CO CO rH io iH cq oo U5 05 c- o c— UO L(0 ® co 1 Oq • CO oq co 00 r— rH CO oq r "l 1— cq cq uo t- CO tr^ co_ uo CO oT < oo 05 cq cq" os" 00 i— i CO oo co o" oT 1—1 CO Tt<" 00 UO Oq i-l cq uo rH rH CO rH iH cq 05 CO CO cq CO rH • oo uo I • cq oo * w : cq CO cq . : <8 32. cq" 6 ! 13 ! & 50. Q« rH ^ UO cW UO UO _T £ 05 © 7 . 02 ~ . • Jn «2 OOOOOOO^OO^OO^OO OOOO ZZZZZZZ ££ £ £ O Z Z Z Z Z Z , (MTf H . 7-1 . UO UO ^ . 0.0 . O >7 M *7 . .02»7 ^0^ 0 0 0^ z zzz ooooooo oo OOOOOOO OO ooooooooo o ooo OOOOOOOOO O OOO 13 13 13 d d 13 13 "d d d d 13 d d 'd 13 13 d 13 13 d *d O o o O O o o O O o O o O o O o o o o o o o O O O o O O o O O O O Q O o O O U O O o O P! c rt ri d d d d d d d d d d d d d d d d d O o .2 o o o .2 _o o .2 .2 .2 .2 o .2 .2 .2 .2 .2 .2 .2 13 c d d 13 '+H d d d d d +j d 4-> d d H-) d d H-> d +H d d d d d d c! 'd d d d d d d d d d d d d d d d d d d —j •— i •q 1 •— 1 • h • i ~ i •■q •— 1 •*q id id 'o "o 'o *0 'o o 'o O o o o 'o O 'o o c o O o O o o m w m in m m M m 02 co 02 CO 02 02 02 CO 02 02 02 02 02 02 s d £ d d d £ £3 d d d d d d d O O C o o o o O o o o o O o O o o o o o o o U o Q u O U O O O O O O O O U O O V o o o u Production of Coal and Coke in Harrison County for the Year Ending June 30, 1910. — Continued. WEST VIRGINIA GEOLOGICAL SURVEY 563 Z s ON It's •3 s U5 OO OO Th W M H O O IM ^ 05 O ® f H" o t— LO 1— 1 oq CO O o" ee rH o g 00 1— 1 LO LO LO 00 rH rH 03 t- LO LO (M LO to 1—1 oq 00 oq M w CO C^J C5 Tti rH to oq to o 03 OO rH cq o LO o LO o o ssr J ■' ^ 00 " oo oq O OO cq to rf rH 03 tO OO CO M o tr- o CO o o S CO LO CO CD M ■cf 03 03 03 03 00 oq 00 O LO rH L- ^ CD ee LO LO oo CO o oq lO g g rH OO O 03 03 of t-" OO rH to ocf LO H oq" oq" oq" rH co" lo Oq aT IS S | “ oo i— i oq rH rH rH OO 'to to~ to C— to~ LO rH to LO 03 -cti ^ CO o o Th o s^- ’CT> * CD M tr- o tr- oq 00 oq rjn oq OO t'— OO -cf 03 03 CD i— i oq ° ^ Oi rH 1—1 oq t— oo t- t> o LO oo rH LO tH t— 03 03 oq LO rH 2 o oo H - of t-f LO oo LO of oo 03 of C— OO 00 00 of LO Lft" OO 1— 1 rH M oq oo LO ■cf oo oq oq h *> 03 , UJ ^ rH rH rH rH c8 OO O (M IO (£1 lOCOWfflffl® Z ^ -s hOI O Tf) o o o o a o K £ £ 3 g g Sf 3 3 ^ ^ © S t< O ! ^_0_§ H_Q £j a m ©s & g C G 3 ' o o o o o O O O Q G G G cd O O O O o o u o S3 G G G o o o o nS G G os 2 2 2!° o o o o «J CO CO CO G G G S3 O O O O u o o o ft O Sh “8 G »— H O ns O O O S3 .g-d nS S 2 A O 3 S*gf o -s3 o> o O o u-3 ^5 Ss 0 o O O 00 r2 .£3 ctf ca o ° O Q fa ^ g G A G fn a> o y G S3 O ®.H u o > co co

> G o GG rfi Q b/) G O C O a U O O ^ ciS aS tS _ ° o o 2000 o O f3 G G o o o rH CO CO CO O G G G 2 3 3 3 t? O O o SKKK o O _ o nS U O ^ g £>5 G G O S3 o pci _ a> £ 1 U # G £ 3 S as ”S G 2 a> 2 o O f ~ l m as •r* rQ Production of Coal and Coke in Harrison County for the Year Ending June 30, 1910. — Continued. 564 COAL rH CO co Cd 05 LO LO § « 05 I s rH 05 CO 00 • • LO .§§ Pm S rH rH cd LO CO t- o Cd rH CO 05 rH rH 00 05 CO LO O Cd O LO 05 © Cd t- 00 05 CO O CO Cd CO LO 00 CO 05 rH t- CO rH O Cd CO OO LO o 00 rt o LO LO Cd rH CO 05 LO rH rH CO C 5 §Ls rH rH T— 1 Cd 00 o rH o' ZD 00 tP o' rH (Ji cd oo~ Cd cd 05 fl CO LO LO OO 05 rH tH LO 05 rH rH rH rH rH CO cd O CO a 05 oo g LO CO CO rH rH — ^ 5 — p-5 LO o o 05 rH CO t- Cd LO o CO 2 g -2 o rH o T— 1 rH CO O OO CO tH CO •| s 2 s I — 1 rH O T 1 (C 4 CO t- 05 Cd t- OO 05 CO o LO CO 1 rH CO OO 05 LO rH CO Cd CO rH CO CO O rH o rH O CO cd rH ZD T — 1 OO C CO £ £ 'O'd a fa O > fa 03 § : ^ ci £ fa .S a> ^ | § *§ • 4-3 I !U O a a cd ->-1 fa o fl o g >> Sh o o o DOU o u d dS 5 s 03 fa -t-> -i_j 03 >> O d fa fa CQ cW d cd cd ^ O O O Q -ooo . fa fa fa O S- 5-h 5-i ^ cd cd cd «§§§ 2S5S 5 cd cd cd O Jh Si S-h a *03 *03 *03 h’O'O'O *h 5 cd cd cd fa^gg So O bJO S 03 *3 o § ° ^ rt —c o o d O 3 o P>p fl dS w> fa c ■H O H (j O fi fa O <1 CL p. fa 72 d ■§g O ° cd 02 a ?-< +H cd fa ^ O o° o- o ^ go g O ^ r 9 cd U M o cd Q I? W»S fa ^ o i^l§ m fa fa fa ' o h b o £ * QQg r 9 d d r , _. O o 03 O -3 U 02 cd 73 o 02 4J 6 1 ° o | 03 r ^ ’S ^ © .2 g S wjfa a 2 wj o B cd ^ d Qfflffi falfa WEST VIRGINIA GEOLOGICAL SURVEY 565 MINABLE COALS. There are six workable coals in the two counties in addi- tion to 16 other veins which are too thin and irregular to have any economic importance. The probable minable beds in descending order are the Washington, Uniontown, Red- stone, Pittsburgh, Harlem and Upper Kittanning, all of which, except the last, crop in the area under discussion. As mentioned on a preceding page, only the Redstone and Pitts- burgh seams have yet been mined on a commercial scale. The chemical analyses and calorific results, given in this report were determined by J. Berghius Krak, Assistant Chem- ist of the Survey, under the direction of B. H. Hite, Chief Chemist. The same methods of analysis and sampling of the commercial mines were followed as by the Fuel Testing Department of the U. S. Geological .Survey. The calorific value of all coals is expressed in terms of British Thermal Units (B.T.U.). This unit of heat measure- ment represents the amount of heat required to raise one pound of water one degree Fahrenheit in temperature. In any analysis, giving the B.T.U. result, the number of units represents the amount of heat stored up in one pound of coal. Along with the proximate and ultimate analysis is given the heat value, both determined by the calorimeter and calculated from the ultimate analysis, as well as the ratio of the total carbon to the oxygen plus ash. The latter ratio is the best yet devised for the classification of coals in order of their relative rank as to heat value. The apparent commercial coals of the area will now be discussed in descending order. COALS OF THE DUNKARD SERIES. The Washington Coal The Washington coal appears to be the only minable bed of the Dunkard series ; that is, it is the only vein to attain sufficient thickness, purity and regularity to be figured as an asset in estimating the economic resources of the two coun- ties. The crop of this coal is shown by an appropriate symbol Fish Creek coal Dunkard coal... 50' Jollytown coal Washington “A” coal. Washington coal Waynesburg “A” coal Waynesburg coal Uniontown coal 50' 125' 100 ' 65' 65' Base — Dunkard Series. 90' Top — Monongahela Series. 100 ' Lower Uniontown coal... 100 ' Sewickley coal Redstone coal Pittsburgh coal Little Pittsburgh coal Little Clarksburg coal 70' 25' Base — Monongahela Series. 40' Top — Conemaugh Series. 80' 120 ' Elk Lick coal. . . . West Milford coal Harlem coal Bakerstown coal 20 ' 60' 90' 90' Brush Creek coal.. Upper Freeport coal 70' Base — Conemaugh Series. 100' Top — Allegheny Series. Upper Kittanning coal. . . . 75' Lower Kittanning coal... I Fig. 3. — Diagram showing the relative position of all the coals in the Doddridge-Harrison area. The numerals represent intervals in feet between coals. WEST VIRGINIA GEOLOGICAL SURVEY 567 on the economic geology map accompanying this report. A detailed description of its thickness, character, distribution ai\d chemical composition is given on pages 157-168. Therein are published four analyses of the bed, the average composition, calorific value and fuel ratio of which are given in the table of coal analyses on a subsequent page of this report. Quantity of Washington Coal Available. It is quite difficult even to approximate the available area and tonnage of Washington coal in the two counties, since, as already stated on preceding pages, the bed is often irregu- lar and patchy in its nature, and is most generally concealed. The several sections given for the coal on the pages referred to above reveal its thickness where opened by farmers for domestic fuel ; hence, the writer, in estimating the available tonnage, feels safe in assuming an average thickness oi 18 inches spread out over the areas given in the table below. A careful determination of its area left uneroded as shown on the map accompanying this report, has been made with a planimeter by Mr. Reger, the results of which are given in the table by magisterial districts. Table Showing Approximate Available Washington Coal. Counties by Districts Doddridge McClellan . . Grant West Union Central .... Southwest . Cove New Milton. Greenbrier . Sq. Miles 1 1 Acres | i Cubic Feet | of Coal 1 Short Tons | of Coal [ 57.4 36,736 | 2,400,330,240 1 | 96,013,209 op: ° Ov . o 22,592 | 1,476,161,280 i 59,046,451 24.3 15,552 1 1,016,167,680 | 40,646,707 25.0 16,000 j 1,045,440,000 1 41,817,6001 11.0 7,040 | 459,993,600 1 18,399,744 19.7 12,608 | 823,806,720 | 32,952,268 36.3 23,232 | 1,517,978,880 | 60,719,155 27.9 17,856 1 1,166,711,040 | 46,668,441 236.9 i | 151,616 | i 9,906,589,440 396,263,575 Totals 568 COAL Counties by Districts 1 | Sq. Miles Acres Cubic Feet of Coal | Short Tons of Coal Harrison | | | Sardis •| 31.2 | 19,968 | 1,304,709,120 52,188,^64 Ten Mile •I 34.4 22,016 1 1,438,525,440 57,541,017 Union .| 6.0 3,840 | 250,905,600 10,036,224 Eagle ..| 8.0 | 5,120 | 334,540,800 13,381,632 Clay •1 0.2 | 128 | 8,363,520 334,540 Totals .| 79.8 | | 51,072 | 1 1 3,337,044,480 | 1 1 133,481,777 Total for both 1 | 1 | 1 counties ..| 316.7 1 202,688 | 1 13,243,633,920 529,745,352 In arriving at the above results, the writer assumed a weight of 80 pounds to the cubic foot of coal, or at the rate of 25 cubic feet to the 2000 pound ton. These figures agree with the determinations of the Fuel Testing Plant of the U. S. Geological Survey for the weight of the same amount of the Pittsburgh coal bed. Owing to the great thickness, purity and availability of the Pittsburgh bed in the area under discussion, the Washing- ton coal is, of course not now marketable. When the best coals become more expensive to mine and nearly exhausted, then these poorer grades of coal will no doubt be utilized for both heat and power. COALS OF THE MONONGAHELA SERIES. The Monongahela series in the Doddridge-Harrison area contains six coals; viz., Waynesburg, Uniontown, Lower Uniontown, Sewickley, Redstone and Pittsburgh. Their geology, distribution and thickness are discussed in detail in a preceding chapter of this report. Only the Uniontown, Red- stone and Pittsburgh, however, appear to attain minable thick- ness in either county, and the two latter are the only beds to be mined on a commercial scale in the area under dis- cussion. The Uniontown Coal. The Uniontown coal is the next bed of economic impor- tance below the Washington seam. A full description of its WEST VIRGINIA GEOLOGICAL SURVEY 569 structure, stratigraphy, and general distribution, along with two analyses of samples from openings by farmers, is given on pages 187-19.2 of this report. The results therein exhibited show a coal having about the same rank in its fuel rating as the Washington bed. Quantity of Uniontown Coal Available. In Harrison county the Uniontown coal appears too thin and irregular at all exposures observed to ever be mined, but in Doddridge county, where this bed crops along the Balti- more and Ohio Railroad between Long Run station and West Union, and 2 to 3 miles northward and southward therefrom, it attains a fair development, the bed often containing 2 to 3 feet of clean coal. In other portions of the county, where its horizon was observed, it appears too thin and irregular to ever be minable. Hence, in estimating the available ton- nage of this coal, the writer feels safe in assuming an average thickness of 2 feet spread out over 50 square miles in the region of its best development. Figuring on the basis of 25 cu. ft. to the short ton, the following results are obtained : County. V 1 1 1 Sq. Miles, j 1 1 r i f Acres. Cubic Feet of Coal. 1 Short Tons of Coal. 1 Doddridge . . . 1 1 50 1 32,000 | 2,787,840,000 1 j 111,513,600 The Redstone Coal. The Redstone coal is the next bed of economic impor- tance in descending order in the Monongahela series. A full description of its stratigraphy, thickness and distribution in the two counties, along with analyses and calorific tests of samples from local country banks, is given on pages 203-212 of this report. Therein it is shown to be a very high grade coal, having a slightly higher fuel ratio rating than the great Pittsburgh bed, 20 to 30 feet lower in the measures. The average results obtained from six samples of the coal are given in the table of analyses under Nos. 6-11 inclusive. 5/0 COAL fctH Line shading shows approximate area of available Redstone coal in both counties. (See Economic Geology Map.) WEST VIRGINIA GEOLOGICAL SURVEY 571 In addition to the data obtained from country banks, sections were measured and samples collected of the Redstone bed from three commercial mines, two of which are located in southern Harrison, and the other just across the county line in the edge of Lewis. One of these, the McWhorter mine, was formerly owned by the Jane Lew Coal & Coke Company, at which the writer obtained the following data which was published on pages 669-670 of Vol. II (A) of the State Survey reports, the mine being now owned by the Clarksburg Gas Coal Company : Clarksburg Gas Coal Company — No. 9 on Map. Ft. In. 1. Sandstone, massive and concealed, black slate at bottom 100 0 2. Bone 0 G 3. Coal, hard and bright. .... 4' 0" ] 4. Bone, 2" to 0 1 \ Redstone 6 1 5. Coal, hard and bright 2 0 ) 6. Slate and shale 30 0 7. Coal, Pittsburgh, hard, 40" to 4 0 8. Fire clay ; gray. “In the section in formations Nos. 3, 4 and 5, clay seams 2 to 3 feet thick often come in from top to bottom of coal. “Elevation of Redstone bed (aneroid), 1365' A. T.; butts, S. 80° E.; faces, S. 10° W.; greatest rise to the southeast; mine capacity, 80 tons; number of men employed, 17; coal manufactured into coke on the premises, shipped west for smelting purposes; authority for mine data, John Harley, Supt. ; samples for analysis from Nos. 3 and 5 of section, for - which see under No. 9 in the table of coal analyses at the end of this chapter. “Clay veins 2 to 3 feet across are frequent in the mine. The company has 20 beehive ovens in which it burns both 48 and 72 hour coke, which yielded the following results on analysis by Hite and Patton: Per cent Moisture 0.20 Volatile Matter 0.50 Fixed Carbon 90.20 Ash i 9.10 Total 100.00 Sulphur 1.19 Phosphorus 0.022 D. D. Teets, Tr., Field Assistant, obtained the following data at two mines in this coal in southern Harrison and northern Lewis ; 572 COAL High Grade Coal Co. (Page mine). — No. 10 on Map. Location, % mile N. E. of McWhorter; Redstone coal. Ft. In. 1. Slate 2. Coal 6 6y 2 3. Slate “Tidal elevation, 1150', aneroid; principal office, Fairmont; daily capacity, 100 tons; 7 laborers and 12 miners employed; coal used for steam, gas and domestic fuel; shipped east and west; butts, west; faces, north; greatest rise southeast; sample collected from No. 2 of section in room No. 1, first left, by D. U. Teets, Jr.; R. B. Gordon, Supt., authority for data.” The analysis and heat tests of the sample are given under No. 10 in the table of coal analyses at the end of this chapter. Kroger Gale Coal Co., Polar Mine. — Map No. 11. Location, % mile southeast of McWhorter; Redstone coal. Ft. In. 1. Slate 2. Coal 6 0 3. Slate “Tidal elevation, 1400', aneroid; principal office, Cincinnati, Ohio; daily capacity, 225 tons; 8 laborers and 30 miners employed; mule haulage; used for steam, gas and domestic fuel; shipped east and west; butts, N. 88° W.; face, N. 2° E.; greatest rise southwest; sam- ple collected from No. 2 of section by D. D. Teets, Jr.; O. F. Limer, Supt., authority for data.” The analysis and heat tests of the sample collected at this mine are given under No. 11 in the table of coal analyses at the end of this chapter. The same table also gives the average analysis, heat de- terminations, and fuel ratios of six samples of Redstone coal, showing the latter bed to be approximately one per cent, lower in sulphur; 150 B.T.U. higher in heat value for each pound of coal ; and slightly higher in fuel ratio than the aver- age of 74 samples of Pittsburgh coal from Harrison county, also given in this table. Quantity of Redstone Coal Available. It is quite difficult to approximate the available tonnage of the Redstone coal bed in the Doddridge-Harrison area, but a careful perusal of the data given in the discussion of this bed on pages 203-212 will show that this vein of minable thickness is confined to the southeastern border of WEST VIRGINIA GEOLOGICAL SURVEY 573 Harrison county. The approximate northern boundary line where the Redstone coal of commercial thickness and purity disappears, along with its crop where fulfilling these condi- tions, is indicated by an appropriate symbol on the economic geology map accompanying this report. The commercial area of this coal as thereon outlined has been determined with a planimeter by Mr. Reger, the results of which are given in square miles in the table below. From a study of the several sections of this seam, the writer, in estimating the approximate available tonnage, feels safe in assuming a thickness of 5 feet spread out over the areas designated in the table. Figuring on the basis of 25 cubic feet to the short ton, the following results are obtained : Table Showing Approximate Available Redstone Coal. By Districts 1 Sq. Miles Acres Cubic feet j Short Tons of Coal ] of Coal Harrison County:. Union 1 3.8 2,432 1 529,689,600 | 21,187.584 Simpson 1.0 640 139,392,000 j 5,575,880 Grant 3.5 2,240 487,872,000 19,514,880 Elk 4.4 2,816 613,324,800 24,532,992 1 Totals 12.7 8,128 1,770,278,400 | 70,811,136 1 The Pittsburgh Coal. The Pittsburgh coal is the next bed of economic impor- tance below the Redstone seam, and comes at the base of the Monongahela series. A detailed description of its geology, distribution and structure in the Doddridge-Harrison area, is given on pages 216-218 of this report. Before taking up the discussion of the commercial mines in this coal in Harrison county, several sections will first be given southward and westward across the latter area at widely scattered country banks not adjacent to ‘the localities of the present mining operations in this vein. In the northeastern corner of Harrison county, the writer collected a sample for analysis and obtained the following data at an opening in the Pittsburgh coal, located on Horner run, 1.5 miles southwest of Boothsville : 574 COAL Pig 5 # — Line shading shows approximate area of available Pittsburgh coal in both counties. (See Economic Geology Map). WEST VIRGINIA GEOLOGICAL SURVEY 575 J. R. Bartlett Mine. — No. 26 on Map. 8 oy 2 6 Feet. Inches. Slate, black Coal 2' 10 Bone 0 1 Coal 0 Bone 0 Coal 4 Concealed by water. (Elevation of coal, 1180' A. T. by spirit level). 1 % The sample for analysis was collected from a freshly dug- stock pile at the mine entrance, the composition and fuel value of which, as reported by Prof. Hite, is found under No. 26 in the table of coal analyses at the end of this chapter. The results reveal a high grade coal, considerably above the aver- age for this bed in Harrison. The following section was measured at the Daniel Riblett coal mine in the Pittsburgh bed, located on Shinn’s run, 0.6 mile northwest of Saltwell : Feet. 6 Inches. 0 0 6 6 ' 2 0 1 7 o y 2 Shale, visible, sandy Sandstone, flaggy 3 Shale, sandy 1 Coal 0' Shale, gray.... 0 Coal 3 Bone 0 Coal 0 Bone 0 Coal 4 10 9 2 i/ 2 Fire clay and sandy shale 22 4 Coal, Little Pittsburgh 0 8 In the extreme southeastern point of Simpson district, and along the eastern border of Elk and the southern border of Grant, the Pittsburgh coal apparently thins down 1 to 3 feet from its total section in the northern portion of the county, the most of which seems to take place above the “bands” or twin slates. The detailed structure of the bed in the southern point of Simpson is exhibited in the Brushy Fork section, page 208. D. B. Reger reports the coal only 4 feet thick in a country bank located 1.7 miles due east of Grassland on the waters of Stonecoal run. 576 COAL Five miles and a half southwestward the writer measured the following section at the John W. Bean mine in the Pitts- burgh bed, located near the low gap, one mile northwest of Peeltree : Feet. Inches. Shale Coal 2' 4 " Slate, black 0 0 y 8 Coal 0 5% Bone 0 1 Coal 3 6 6 4% (Elevation, 1270' A. T., aneroid). About 4 miles southwestward there occurs an opening in this coal on the Gary Harris farm, a section of which is given in connection with Harris mine (No. 7 on map) in the Red- stone bed, page 209.. Passing westward to a point on the north side of the road in the low gap, 1.3 miles southwest of Rockford, the Pittsburgh coal crops at an elevation of 1400' A.T. by aneroid. Here it is only 4 to 5 feet thick. The following section of the Pittsburgh coal was meas- ured at an opening located one-fourth mile northwest of McWhorter : Feet. Inches. 1 . Sandstone, in situ?... 1 0 2. Slate, black 1 0 3. Coal , . ..0' 6" 4. Bone . . .0 1 5. Coal . . .3 11 4 6 6. Fire clay The "breast coal” of Stevenson has apparently thinned away entirely in this portion of Harrison county. Five miles northwestward D. B. Reger collected a sample for analysis and measured the following section at a country bank in the Pittsburgh coal, located 0.6 mile northwest of Goodhope : Jacob Post Mine. — No. 83 on Map. j Feet. Inches. 1. Sandstone, Lower Sewickley 30 0 2. Concealed 84 0 3. Coal, slaty V 0 " 4. S’ate 0 0 % PLATE XVIII. — View showing Tipple and Coke Ovens of the Byron Mine of the Hutchinson Coal Co. — No. 80 on Map. WEST VIRGINIA GEOLOGICAL SURVEY 57 r Feet. Inches. 5. Coal 1 2 6. Slate 0 0V 2 7. Coal 1 5 8. Slate 0 O 1 ^ 9. Coal 1 4 10. Slate 0 0% 11. Coal 1 5 6 5 V 2 12. Shale, gray “Sampled Nos. 7-11 inclusive of section; coal used for local do- mestic fuel; elevation of bed, 1175' A. T., by aneroid,” The composition and calorific value of the sample col- lected here is given under No. 83 in the table of coal analyses at the end of this chapter. South westward on Two Lick run the writer measured the following section at a country bank in the Pittsburgh coal, located 1.3 miles south of Tichenal, on the J. H. McDonald farm. The results show that the thinning of the bed has taken place in the “breast” division of the vein : I Feet. Inches. Limestone, yellowish and hard, Redstone ... 8 0 Concealed 10 0 Slate, sandy 1 0 . Bone 0' l 1 /^" Coal 3 10 % 4 0 Fire clay Four miles northward in the east edge of Jarvisville, the Pittsburgh coal was once opened on the land of Wm. Jarvis by a slope driven 25 to 30 feet below the level of the surface at entrance. The mine was abandoned on account of an ex- plosion, according to information furnished Mr. Reger, who also reports the bed about 7 feet thick. Commercial Mines in Pittsburgh Coal. As mentioned on preceding pages, the only commercial mines in the Pittsburgh coal in the Doddridge-Harrison area are located in Harrison county along West Fork river and its tributaries. The accurate location of any mine is desig- nated by an appropriate symbol along with its serial number on the economic geology map accompanying this report. The serial numbers are consecutive and roughly arranged from 578 COAL north to south, this map number in each instance correspond- * ing to the number of the same mine as listed in the table of coal analyses at the end of this chapter, in which table the Pittsburgh coal results are represented by Nos. 12-84 inclu- sive. These mines were all visited in the latter part of 1910, when a section was measured of the coal, mine data collected, and a sample obtained for analysis, this work, with two or three exceptions, being performed by David B. Reger and D. D. Teets, Jr., of the Survey staff. The sampling was done as far as possible according to the methods employed by the Fuel Testing Department of the U. S. Geological Survey. The data obtained at these mines will now be considered from north to south across the county in order of the map numbers of the mines. Marion Gas Coal Co., Bingamon Mine. — No. 12 on Map. Location, 1 mile north of Enterprise; Pittsburgh coal. Feet. Inches. 1. Coal, “head” 0' 2. Coal 2 3. Bone 0 4. Coal 0 5. Bone 0 6. Coal 4 7. Slate 10 " 0 0 % 8 0 % 3 7 ioy 2 “Tidal elevation, 890', spirit level; principal office, Greensburg, Pa.; daily capacity, 400 tons; 18 laborers and 27 miners employed; electric haulage; used for steam and gas; shipped all directions; butts, N. 80° W.; faces, N. 10° E.; greatest rise, southeast; sample col- lected from Nos. 2, 4 and 6 of section in Main entry by D. D. Teets, Jr.; J. B. Weightman, Supt., authority for data.” The composition and calorific value of the sample is given under No. 12 in the table of coal analyses at the end of this chapter. The “head” coal (No. 1 of section) is not taken down mainly on account of its sulphurous character, and its indirect aid in helping to support the roof, in that it prevents the air from disintegrating the overlying limy shales, thus obviating bad falls of slate. WEST VIRGINIA GEOLOGICAL SURVEY 579 Consolidation Coal Co. No. 49 (Enterprise). — No. 13 on Map. Located at Enterprise; Pittsburgh coal. Feet. Inches. 1. Coal, “head” 1' 0 " 2. Coal 2 5 3. Bone 0 1 4. Coal 0 5 5. Bone 0 0% 6. Coal 4 5 8 414 “Tidal elevation, 915', aneroid; owned by J. N. Camden heirs: principal offices, Fairmont; daily capacity, 1000 tons; 70 laborers and 76 miners employed; used for steam, gas and domestic fuel; shipped east and west; butts, N. 80° W.; faces, N. 10° E.; greatest rise, south- east; sampled from Nos. 2, 4 and 6 of section in Room No. 10 off 4th Right Heading, by D. D. Teets, Jr.; H. L. Ice, Assistant Supt., author, ity for data.” For analysis and calorific value of sample, see table of coal analyses at the end of this chapter, under No. 13. This mine was once sampled by S. D. Brady for the State Survey, and the proximate analysis published in Vol. II, page 205 under No. 38. Monongah Fuel Co., Gallihue Mine. — No. 13A on Map. Located V 2 mile south of Kilarm; Pittsburgh coal. Feet. 1. Draw slate 2. Coal, “head”, bony 1' 0 " 3. Coal 1 4 4. Bone 0 1 5. Coal 0 7 6. Bone 0 0 y 2 7. Coal 4 3 8. Shale, gray 7 Inches. 3V 2 “Tidal elevation, 1045', aneroid; principal office, Monongah; daily capacity, 190 tons; 7 laborers and 25 miners employed; horse haulage; used for steam; shipped east and west; butts, N. 83° 09' W.; faces, N. 6° 51' E.; greatest rise, south; sample collected from Nos. 3, 4, 5, 6 and 7 of section in Room No. 2 First Left heading by D. B. Reger; B. A. Wilson, foreman, authority for data.” The composition, calorific value and fuel ratio are given under No. 13A in the table of coal analyses at the end of this chapter. 580 COAL Consolidation Coal Co. No. 40 (Viropa). — No. 14 on Map. Located at Viropa; Pittsburgh coal. 1. Coal, “head” 1’ 3 2. Coal 1 5 3. Bone 0 2 4. Coal 0 3y 2 5. Bone 0 0% 6. Coal 0 4 7. Bone 0 0% 8. Coal 4 8 9. Slate Feet. Inches. 8 2 % “Tidal elevation, 930', aneroid; principal office, Fairmont; daily copacity, 600 tons; 48 laborers and 56 miners employed; used for steam, gas and domestic fuel; shipped east and west; butts, N. 80° W.; faces, N. 10° E.; sample collected from Nos. 2, 4, 6 and 8 in Room No. 1, 7th Left Heading, by D. D. Teets, Jr.; H. L. Ice, Assistant Supt., authority for data.” The composition and calorimeter tests are given under No. 14 in the table of coal analyses at the end of this chapter. This mine was once sampled for the State Survey by S. D. Brady, and the proximate analysis published in Vol. II, page 206, under No. 65. Consolidation Coal Co. No. 65 (Solon). — No. 16 on Map. Located at, southwest edge of Shinnston; Pittsburgh coal. Feet. Inches. 1. Coal, “head” 1' 6 2. Coal 1 3. . 3. Bone 0 0 % 4. Coal 0 7 5. Bone 0 0% 6. Coal 4 10 7. Slate “Tidal elevation, 910', aneroid; owned by J. N. Camden Heirs; principal office, Fairmont, W. Va.; daily capacity, 150 tons; 7 laborers and 20 miners employed; mule haulage; used for steam and domestic fuel; shipped south, east and west; butts, N. 78° W.; faces, N. 12° E.; greatest rise, dips in all directions; sample collected from Nos. 2, 4 and 6 of section in first Right, off Main Butt, by D. D. Teets, Jr.; L. V. Reamer, foreman, authority for data.” The composition, calorific value and fuel ratio are given under No. 16 in the table of coal analyses at the end of this chapter. WEST VIRGINIA GEOLOGICAL SURVEY 581 This mine was once sampled by S. D. Brady for the State Geological Survey, and the proximate analysis published in Vol. II, page 205, under No. 43. Consolidation Coal Co. No. 66 (Riverdale). — No. 15 on Map. Located 0.7 mile northeast of Shinnston; Pittsburgh coal. Feet. Inches. 1. Coal, “head” 1' 0 " 2. Coal 1 9 3. Bone 0 1 4. Coal 0 3 5. Bone 0 0% 6. Coal 0 3 7. Bone 0 0% 8. Coal 4 9 8 2% 9. Slate “Tidal elevation, 920’, aneroid; owned by D. M. Shinn Heirs; prin- cipal office, Fairmont; daily capacity, 275 tons; 20 laborers and 30 miners employed; used for steam, gas and domestic fuel; shipped east and west; butcs, N. 80° W.; faces, N. 10° E.; sample collected from Nos. 2, 4, 6 and 8 of section, by D. D. Teets, Jr.; Harry Hickin- botham, Assistant Supt., authority for data.” For composition, calorific value and fuel ratio of this sample, see table of coal analyses at the end of this chapter under No. 15. This mine was once sampled for the State Geological Survey by S. D. Brady, and the proximate analysis published in Vol. II, page 205, under No. 39. Consolidation Coal Co. No. 51 (Ehlen). — No. 17 on Map. Located 0.3 mile S. W. of Shinnston; Pittsburgh coal. 1. Coal, “wild” 0' 4" Feet. Inches. 2. Coal 2 6 3. Bone 0 1 4. Coal 0 7 5. Bone 0 1 6. Coal 4 9 8 4 7. Slate “Tidal elevation, 910', aneroid; owned by Moore, Fleming and Horner; principal office, Fairmont; daily capacity, 300 tons; 25 la- borers and 50 miners employed; used for steam purposes; shipped in all directions; butts, N. 78° W. ; faces, N. 12° E.; greatest rise, all directions; sample collected from Nos. 2, 4 and 6 of section at Pillar 582 COAL No. 10 in 2nd Right Heading oft 1st Left Face, by D. D. Teets, Jr.; Thomas Jarrett, Jr., Supt., and authority for data. There seems to be no real head coal, but, instead, a kind of mixture of slate and coal is found above coal ranging from 1 inch to 7 or 8 inches in thickness.” The composition, calorific value and fuel ratio are given under No. 17 in the table of coal analyses at the end of this chapter. The above mine was once sampled for the State Survey by S. D. Brady and the proximate analysis published in Vol. II, page 205, under No. 42. Consolidation Coal Co. No. 42 (Robinson Run). No. 1 on Map. Located at mouth of Robinson run; Pittsburgh coal. Feet. Inches. 1. Coal, “head” 0' 8 " 2. Coal 1 1 3. Bone 0 oy 2 4. Coal 3 5. Bone 0 1 6. Coal 0 1 7. Bone 0 3 8. Coal 0 4 9. Bone 0 1 10. Coal 4 6 11. Slate “Tidal elevation, 930', aneroid; owned by Lucas; principal office,. Fairmont; daily capacity, 225 tons; 10 laborers and 25 miners em- ployed; used for steam, gas and domestic fuel; shipped east and west; sample collected from Nos. 2, 4, 6, 8 and 10 in the bottom of 2nd Left Butt, by D. D. Teets, Jr.; S. E. Cunningham, assistant mine foreman, authority for data.” The composition, calorific value and fuel ratio of the coal sample are given in the table of coal analyses at the end of this chapter under No. 18. Haywood Coal Mining Co., Haywood Mine. — No. 19 on Map. Located % mile northeast of Haywood; Pittsburgh coal. 1. Coal, “head” O' 10 " Feet. Inches. 2. Coal 1 5 3. Bone 0 0 x /4 4. Coal 1 0 5. Bone 0 1 6. Foal 5 1 8 5*4 7. Slate WEST VIRGINIA GEOLOGICAL SURVEY 583 “Owned by Martin Heirs; principal office, Pittsburgh, Pa.; daily capacity, 200 tons; 8 laborers and 20 miners employed; mule haulage; used for steam; shipped east and west; butts, N. 78° W.; faces, N. 12° E. ; greatest rise, northwest; sample collected from Nos. 2, 4 and 6 of section in Room No. 10, 1st Right; G. H. Wisser, Supt., authority for data.” The composition, calorific value and fuel ratio are given in the table of coal analyses at the end of this chapter, under No. 19. Consolidation Coal Co. No. 36 (Lucas). — No. 20 on Map. Located % mile northwest of Haywood; Pittsburgh coal. 1. Coal, “head” 0' 6 " Feet. Inches. 2. Coal 1 6 3. Bone 0 1 4. Coal 0 8 y 2 5. Bone 0 i 6. Coal 4 8 .... 7 6V 2 “Tidal elevation, 950' aneroid; principal office, Fairmont; daily capacity, 225 tons; 14 laborers and 20 miners employed; horse haul- age; used for steam, gas and domestic fuel; shipped east and west; butts, N. 80° W.; faces, N. 10° E.; greatest rise, southwest; sample collected from Nos. 2, 4 and 6 of section in Room No. 5, 4th Right Heading, by D. D. Teets, Jr.; D. A. Bird, mine foreman, authority for data.” The composition, calorific value and fuel ratio of the sample are given under No. 20 in the table of coal analyses at the end of this chapter. Consolidation Coal Co. No. 54 (Pooz). — No. 21 on Map. Located % mile northwest of Haywood; Pittsburgh coal. Feet. Inches. 1. Coal, “head” 1' 0 " 2. Coal 1 10 3. Bone 0 1 4. Coal 0 5 5. Bone 0 0% 6. Coal 4 6 7 10% 7. Slate “Tidal elevation, 960', aneroid; principal office, Fairmont; daily capacity, 125 tons; 15 laborers and 23 miners employed; mule haul- age; used for steam, gas and domestic fuel; shipped east and west; butts, N. 77° W.; face, N. 13° E.; sample collected from Nos. 2, 4 and 6 of section by D. D. Teets, Jr.; L. C. Dent, mine foreman, authority for data.” 584 COAL For the composition, calorific value and fuel ratio, see No. 21 in the table of coal analyses at the end of this chapter. Virginia and Maryland Coal Corporation, Willard No. 2 Mine. No. 22 on Map. Located 2 miles southeast of Shinnston; Pittsburgh coal. Feet. Inches. 1. Coal, “head” 1' 0" 2. Coal 1 1 3. Bone 0 1 4. Coal 0 8 5. Bone 0 1 6. Coal 5 4 8 3 7. Slate “Tidal elevation, 1035', spirit level; principal office, Richmond, Va.; 2 laborers and 7 miners employed; used for steam and gas; shipped east; butts, N. 77° 30' W.; faces, N. 12° 30' E.; greatest rise, soucheast; sample collected from Nos, 2. 4 and 6 of section by D. D. Teets, Jr.; A. Lisle White, Supt., authority for data. This mine is just being opened (Oct. 25, 1910) ; do not know just what its capacity may be.” For the composition, calorific value and fuel ratio, see No. 22 in the table of coal analyses at the end of this chapter. Virginia and Maryland Coal Corporation, Willard No. 1 Mine. No. 23 on Map. Located 2 miles southeast of Shinnston on Mudlick run; Pitts- burgh coal. 1 . Coal, “head” 1' 1" Feet. Inches. 2. Coal 2 0 3. Bone 0 1 4. Coal 0 8 5. Bone 0 1 6. Coal 4 5 .... 8 4 7. Slate “Tidal elevation, 1035', spirit level; principal office, Richmond, Va.; daily capacity, 1000 tons; 31 laborers and 100 miners employed; mule haulage; used for steam and gas; shipped east; butts, N. 77° 30' W.; faces, N. 12° 30' E.; greatest rise, southeast; sample collected from Nos. 2, 4 and 6 of section in Room No. 7 of 3rd East Heading by D. D. Teets, Jr.; A. Lisle White, Supt., authority for data.” For the composition, calorific value, and fuel ratio, see No. 23 in the table of coal analyses at the end of this chapter. WEST. VIRGINIA GEOLOGICAL SURVEY 585 Consolidation Coal Co. No. 61 (Owings). — No. 24 on Map. Located 2 y 2 miles southeast of Shinnston, at Owings; Pittsburgh coal. Feet. Inches. 1. Draw slate 2. Coal, “head” V 0" 3. Coal 1 2 4. Bone 0 1 5. Coal 0 4 6. Bone 0 0% 7. Coal 0 3 8. Bone 0 1 9. Coal 4 9 10. Slate 7 “Tidal elevation, 1060', aneroid; principal office, Fairmont; daily capacity, 125 tons; 5 laborers and 12 miners employed; electric haul- age; used for steam; shipped east and west; butts, N. 75° W.; faces, N. 15" E. ; greacest rise, southeast; sample collected from head coal No. 2 of section and also the regular sample from Nos. 3, 5, 6, 7 and 9 of section by D. B. Reger; E. G. Vincent, foreman, authority for data. This is a new mine (Dec. 22, 1910) opposite No. 32 of Consolidation series and uses the same tipple. Practically all the coal is recovered.” The composition, calorific value and fuel ratio of both samples are given under No. 24 in the table of coal analyses at the end of this chapter, the “head” coal being so designated in the table. In the above mine, the “head” coal shows up better in sulphur, B.T.U., and fuel ratio rating than the main mining section of the bed. The phosphorus, however, is much higher in the former division of the coal. Consolidation Coal Co. No. 32 (Owings). — No. 25 on Map. Located 2V 2 miles southeast of Shinnston at Owings; Pittsburgh coal. Feet. Inches. 1. Draw slate 2. Coal, “head” O' 11 " 3. Coal 1 2 4. Bone 0 1 5. Coal 0 4 6. Bone 0 oy 2 7. Coal 0 3 8. Bone 0 1 9. Coal 4 5 10. Sulphur band 0 2 7 5% 11. Slate 586 COAL “Elevation, 1060', aneroid; principal office, Fairmont;; daily capacity, 450 tons; 25 laborers and 50 miners employed; electric haulage; used for steam; shipped east and west; butts, N. 80° W.; faces, N. 10° E.; greatest rise, southeast; sample collected from Nos. 3, 5, 6, 7 and 9 of section in Room No. 5 on No. 2 Butt, left of man- way, by D. B. Reger; E. G. Vincent, foreman, authority for data; nom- inal recovery, 95 per cent, but foreman says they get 99^ per cent.” For the composition, calorific value and fuel ratio, see No. 25 in the table of coal analyses at the end of this chapter. The ten following mines are located on the waters of Tenmile creek along the W. Va. Short Line Branch of the B. & O. R. R. and are arranged from west to east: Short Line Coal Co., Girard No. 2 Mine (new opening). No. 27 on Map. Located 0.8 mile northwest of Dola; Pittsburgh coal. Feet. Inches. 1. Coal, “head”, thickness i concealed 2. Coal 0' 11 " 3. Bone 0 oy 2 4. Coal 0 2 5. Bone 0 0% 6. Coal 0 4 7. Bone 0 0% 8. Coal 4 6 9. Slate “Tidal elevation, 1005', aneroid; owned by F. M. Piggott; princi- pal office, 1010 Penn Square Building, Philadelphia, Pa.; for capacicy and labor see Mine No. 28 (next mine); used for steam; shipped to lakes; butts, N. 75° W. ; faces, N. 15° E.; greatest rise, northeast; sample collected from Nos. 2, 4, 5, 6 and 8, about 100' from outcrop, by D. B. Reger; P. F. Cogar, Supt., and auchority for data. This is a new opening just made in 1910. Coal is taken out through hill to Map No. 28 tipple.” For the composition, calorific value and fuel ratio, see No. 27 in the table of coal analyses at the end of this chapter. Short Line Coal Co., Girard No. 2 Mine (old opening). No. 28 on Map. Located 0.5 mile northwest of Dola; Pittsburgh coal. Feet. Inches. 1 Coal, “head”, thickness concealed 2. Coal 0' 3 " 3. Bone 0 0 % 4. Coal 0 4 WEST VIRGINIA GEOLOGICAL SURVEY 587 Feet. Inches. 5. Slate 0 0 % 6. Coal 0 8 7. Slate 0 0% 8. Coal 0 6 9. Bone 0 0% 10. Coal 0 7 11. Bone 0 0% 12 Coal 1 7 13. Slate 0 0% 14. Coal 2 9 15. Slate “Tidal elevation, 1045', aneroid; owned by F. M. Piggott; principal office, 1010 Penn Square Building, Philadelphia, Pa.; daily capacity, 300 tons; 20 laborers and 50 miners employed; rope haulage; used for steam; shipped to lakes; butts, N. 75° W.; faces, N. 15° E.; greatest rise, N. E.; sample collected from Nos. 2, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 12, 13 and 14 of section by D. B. Reger; P. F. Cogar, Supt., authority for data.” For the composition, calorific value and fuel ratio, see No. 28 in the table of coal analyses at the end of this chapter. Fayette Coal Co., Fayette Mine. — No. 29 on Map. Located at Dola; Pittsburgh coal. Feet. Inches. 1 . Coal, “head” 1 ' 0 " 2. Coal 1 1 3. Bone 0 0 % 4. Coal 0 7 5. Bone 0 1 6. Coal 4 3 7 0^4 7. Slate “Tidal elevation, 1050', aneroid; owned by J. Allen Swiger; prin- cipal office, Uniontown, Pa.; daily capacity, 300 to 350 tons; 15 laborers and 25 miners employed; mule haulage; used for steam and domestic fuel; shipped east and west; butts, N. 80° W.; faces, N. 10° E.; greatest rise, southeast; recovery, 90 per cent; sample collected from Nos. 2, 4 and 6 of section in Main Heading by D. D. Teets, Jr.; B. T. Grieves, Supt., authority for data.” For the composition, calorific value and fuel ratio of the sample, see No. 29 in the table of coal analyses at the end of this chapter. National Coal Co., National Mine. — No. 30 on Map. Located 0.5 mile S. E. of Dola; Pittsburgh coal. Feet. Inches. 1. Coal, “head” 0' 8 " 2. Coal 1 8 588 COAL Bone 0 oy 2 Feet. Inches. Coal 0 7 Bone 0 1 Coal 4 0 7 - 0Vf> Slate “Tidal elevation, 1050', aneroid; operated on lease; principal office, Baltimore, Md.; daily capacity, 175 tons; 9 laborers and 35 miners employed; mule haulage; used for steam; shipped east and west; butts, N. 80° W. ; faces, N. 10° E.; greatest rise, southeast; sample collected from Nos. 2, 4 and 6 of section in Room No. 1, 3rd Left, by D. D. Teets, Jr.; N. B. Whitehair, Supt., authority for data. There is no distinct separation of “head” coal and coal immediately below it. About 8" is left up for protection of roof.” For the composition, calorific value and fuel ratio, see No. 30 in the table of coal analyses at the end of this chapter. Swiger Coal Co., Gilbert Mine. — No. 31 on Map. Located 1 mile southeast of Dola at Rosebud; Pittsburgh coal. Feet. Inches. 1. Coal, “head” O' 9 " 2. Coal 1 1 3. Bone 0 0% 4. Coal 0 8 5. Bone ..0 1 6. Coal 4 2 6 9% 7. Slate “Tidal elevation, 1135', aneroid; owned by Gilbert Swiger; princi- pal office, Rosebud; daily capacity, 70 tons; 4 laborers and 5 miners employed; mule haulage; used for steam; shipped north; butts, N. 80° W.; faces, N. 10° E.; greatest rise, northwest?; sample collected from Nos. 2, 4 and 6 of section by D. D. Teets, Jr.; J. C. Swiger, fore- man, authority for data.” For the composition, calorific value and fuel ratio of the sample, see No. 31 in the table of coal analyses at the end of this chapter. Peacock Coal Co., Sylvester Mine. — No. 32 on Map. Located 1 mile southeast of Dola at Rosebud; Pittsburgh coai. 1. Coal, “head” 0' 2. Coal 1 3. Bone 0 4. Coal 0 5. Bone 0 6. Coal 4 7. Slate Feet. Inches. 8 " 6 oy 2 7 1 7 7 5% WEST VIRGINIA GEOLOGICAL SURVEY 589 “Tidal elevation, 1135' aneroid; owned by Gilbert Swiger; principal office, Clarksburg; daily capacity, 300 tons; 15 laborers and 23 miners employed; used for steam and domestic fuel; shipped east and west; butts, N. 80° W.; faces, N. 10° E.; greatest rise, northwest; sample collected from Nos. 2, 4 and 6 of section in Room No. 6, 4th Right, by D. D. Teets, Jr., W. B. Blakesmith, Supt., authority for data.” For the composition, calorific value and fuel ratio of the sample, see No. 32 in the table of coal analyses at the end of this chapter. Rosebud Fuel Co., Rosebud Mine. — No. 33 on Map. Located at Rosebud, nearly on the axis of Wolf Summit anticline; Pittsburgh coal. 1 . Coal, “head” 1' 0 " Feet. Inches. 2_ Coal 1 5 3’. Bone 0 0 % 4. Coal 0 8 5. Bone b 1 6. Coal 4 3 .... 7 5Vo “Tidal elevation, 1135', aneroid; owned by Gilbert Swiger; princi- pal office, Fairmont; daily capacity, 150 tons; 12 laborers and 15 miners employed; used for steam, gas and domestic fuel; shipped east, west and north; butts, N. 80° W.; faces, N. 10° E.; greatest rise, northwest; sample collected from Nos. 2, 4 and 6 of section by D. D. Teets, Jr.; W. F. Roush, Supt., authority for data.” For the composition, calorific value and fuel ratio of sample, see No. 33 in the table of coal analyses at the end of this chapter. Lumberport Steam Coal Co., Emery Mine. — No. 34 on Map. Located 0.3 mile northeast of the mouth of Little Tenmile; Pitts- burgh 1 . coal. Coal, “head”.. 0' 6 ' Feet. Inches. 2. Coal 1 6 3. Bone 0 0 % 4. Coal 0 6 5. Bone 0 1 6. Coal 5 0 7 7% 7. Slate “Tidal elevation, 1110', aneroid; principal office, Lumberport; daily capacity, 250 tons, when fully developed; 10 laborers and 30 miners employed; used for steam; shipped east and west; butts, N. 85° W. ; faces, N. 5° E.; greatest rise, northwest; sample collected from Nos. 2, 4 and 6 of section in first Butt parallel by D. D. Teets, Jr.; L. L. Gibson, Supt., authority for data.” 590 COAL For the composition, calorific value and fuel ratio, see table of coal analyses at the end of this chapter, under No. 34. Blue Ridge Coal Co., Thompson Mine. — No. 35 on Map. Located at east edge of Lumperport; Pittsburgh coal. 1 . Ccal, “head” 0' 6 " Feet. Inches. 2. Coal 1 6 3. Bone 0 oy 4 4. Coal 0 7 5. Bone 0 1 6. Coal 4 9 7 5 14 7. Slate “Tidal elevation, 1000', aneroid; owned by Griffin; principal office, Clarksburg; daily capacity, 250 tons; 7 laborers and 20 miners em- ployed; mule haulage; used for steam; shipped east and west; butts, N. 80° W.; faces, N. 10° E.; greatest rise, southwest; sample col- lected from Nos. 2, 4 and 6 of section in Room No. 16, 1st Right, by D. D. Teets, Jr.; W. H. Sandridge, Supt., authority for data.” For composition, calorific value and fuel ratio, see No. 35 in the table of coal analyses at the end of this chapter. Hero Coal and Coke Co., Hero Mines. — No. 36 on Map. Located y 2 mile northeast of Lumberport; Pittsburgh coal. Feet. Inches. 1. Coal, “head” 0' 9 2 . Coal 1 10 3. Bone 0 oy 2 4. Coal 0 7 5. Bone 0 oy 2 6. Coal 4 7 7. Slate “Tidal elevation, 970', aneroid; principal office, Uniontown, Pa.; daily capacity, 300 tons; 7 laborers and 35 miners employed; mule haulage; used for steam and domestic fuel; shipped east and west; butts, N. 79° W.; face, N. 11° E.; greatest rise, northwest; sample collected from Nos. 2, 4 and 6 of seccion in Room No. 1, 2nd Right Heading, by D. D. Teets, Jr.; Wm. Reid, Supt., and authority for data." For composition, calorific value and fuel ratio, see No. 36 in the table of coal analyses at the end of this chapter. Consolidation Coal Co. No. 21 (Gypsy). — No. 37 on Map. Located at north edge of Gypsy; Pittsburgh coal. Feet. Inches. 1. Coal, “head” V 0 " 2. Coal 1 11 3. Bone 0 1 4. Coal 0 4 .WEST VIRGINIA GEOLOGICAL SURVEY 591 Feet. Inches. Bone 0 034 Coal 0 3 Bone 0 1 Coal 4 11 8 734 Slate “Tidal elevation, 908', aneroid; owned by Monongah Company; principal office, Fairmont; 93 laborers and 43 miners employed; used for steam, gas and domestic fuel; shipped east and west; butts; N. 77° W.; faces N. 13° E.; greatest rise, northwest; sample collected Nov. 2, 1910, from Nos. 2, 4, 6 and 8 of section, by D. D. Teets, Jr.; tipple boss, authority for data.” For composition, calorific value and fuel ratio of the sam- ple, see No. 37 in the table of coal analyses at the end of this chapter. The old Maulsby mine (No. 38 on Map) of the Fairmont Coal Co., located 0.5 mile southeast of Gypsy, had been aban- doned in 1910, but it was once sampled for the State Geological Survey by S. D. Brady, and the proximate analysis, as pub- lished on page 205 of Vol. 1, under No. 41, is given under No. 38 in the table of coal analyses at the end of this chapter. Lambert Run Coal Co., Clauson Mine. — No. 39 on Map. Located % mile west of Meadowbrook, on Short Line Railroad; Pittsburgh coal. 1. Coal, “head” 1' 0 " Feet. Inches. 2. Coal 2 0 3. Bone 0 oy 8 4. Coal 0 4 5. Bone 0 oy 2 6. Coal 4 6 7 10% 7. Slate • “Tidal elevation, 990', aneroid; principal office, Fairmont; daily capacity, 350 tons; 12 laborers and 28 miners employed; used for steam; shipped east; butts, N. 80° W.; faces N. 10° E.; greatest rise, southeast; sample collected from Nos. 2, 4 and 6 of section in air course, 2nd Heading, by D. D. Teets, Jr.; Dorsey Pople, Supt., au- thority for data.” For the composition, calorific value and fuel ratio, see No. 39 in the table of coal analyses at the end of this chapter. 592 COAL Consolidation Coal Co. No. 55 (Meadowbrook). No. 40 on Map. Located at south edge of Meadowbrook; Pittsburgh coal. Feet. Inches. 1 . Coal, “head” V 4 " 2. Coal 3 3. Bone 0% 4. Coal 0 10 5. Bone 0 1 6. Coal 4 6 8 0% 7. Slate Tidal elevation, 1050', aneroid; owned by J. N. Camden Heirs; principal office, Fairmont; daily capacity, 300 tons; 42 laborers and 46 miners employed; electric haulage; used for steam, gas and do- mestic purposes; shipped east and west; butts, N. 80° W.; faces, N. 10° E.; sample collected from Nos. 2, 4 and 6 of section in Room No. 5, off 10th Butt Heading, off Main Face by D. D. Teets, Jr.; J. H. Nuzum, Supt., authority for data.” For the composition, calorific value and fuel ratio of the samples of main bench and “head” coal see No. 40 in the table of coal analyses at the end of this chapter. The “head” coal is much higher in ash and phosphorus than the main mining division of the bed. The mine was once sampled by S. D. Brady for the State Geological Survey, and the proximate analysis published on page 206 of Vol. II, under No. 59. Cook Coal & Coke Co., Girard No. 1 Mine. — No. 41 on Map. Located 0.6 mile southeast of Meadowbrook; Pittsburgh coal. 1. Coal, “head” . .1' 3 " Feet. Inches. 2. Coal.* . ..1 5 3. Bone . .1 0% 4. Coal . ..0 7 5. Bone . .0 1 6. Coal . .4 10 8 2V 2 7. Slate “Tidal elevation, 975', aneroid ; owned by J. N. Camden Heirs; principal office, Philadelphia, Pa.; daily capacity, 800 tons; 43 labor- ers and 60 miners employed; electric haulage; used for steam and domestic fuel; shipped east and west; butts, N. 76° W.; faces, N. 14° E.; greatest rise, southeast; sampled from Nos. 2., 4 and 6 of section by D. D. Teets, Jr.; E. P. McAlvin, foreman, authority for data.” For composition, calorific value and fuel ratio, see No. 41 in the table of coal- analyses at the end of this chapter. on Map. Also Topography of the Monongahela series. WEST VIRGINIA GEOLOGICAL SURVEY 593 Harrison County Coal Co., Overholt Mine. — No. 42 on Map. .Located 0.6 mile west of Meadowbrook; Pittsburgh coal. Feet. Inches. 1 . Coal, “head” 1' 3 " 2. Coal 1 3 3. Bone 0 oy 8 4. Coal 0 8 5. Bone 0 i 6. Coal 6 6 7 9y 8 7. Slate “Tidal elevation, 1120', aneroid; owned by Overholt Bros.; prin- cipal office, Pittsburgh, Pa.; daily capacity, 400 tons; 9 laborers and 29 miners employed; mule haulage; used for steam and gas; shipped in all directions; butts, N. 78° W.; faces, N. 12° E.; greatest rise, southeast; sample collected from Nos. 2, 4 and 6 of section in Main Face heading by D. D. Teets, Jr.; Geo. H. Rustin, Supt., authority for data.” For the composition, calorific value and fuel ratio of the sample, see No. 42 in the table of coal analyses at the end of this chapter. Hutchinson Coal Co., Erie Mine. — No. 43 on Map. Located at Erie; Pittsburgh coal. 1. Coal, “head” 0' 11 2. Coal 2 0 3. Bone 0 0% 4. Coal 0 8 5. Bone 0 0% 6. Coal 0 10 7. Slate Feet. Inches. 8 6i/ 2 “Tidal elevation, 1110', aneroid; principal office, Fairmont,; daily capacity, 900 to 1,000 tons; 35 laborers and 75 miners employed; electric haulage; used for steam and domestic fuel; shipped in all directions; butts, N. 80° W.; face, N. 10° E.; greatest rise, southeast; sample collected from Nos. 2, 4 and 6 of section by D. D. Teets, Jr.; A. J. Jenkins, Supt., and authority for data.” For the composition, calorific value and fuel ratio of the sample, see No. 43 in the table of coal analyses at the end of this chapter. The above mine was once sampled by S. D. Brady for the State Geological Survey, and the proximate analysis pub- lished on page 205 of Vol. II, under No. 49. 594 COAL Consolidation Coal Co. No. 33 (Globe). — No. 44 on Map. Located at Farnum; Pittsburgh coal. Feet. Inches. 1. Coal, “head” O' 8" 2. Coal 1 10 3. Bone 0 1 4. Coal 0 8 5. Bone 0 1 6. Coal 4 10 8 2 7. Slate “Tidal elevation, 1030', aneroid; principal office, Fairmont; daily capacity, 200 tons; 7 laborers and 21 miners employed; electric haul- age; shipped east and west; butts, N. 80° W.; faces, N. 10° E.; greatest rise,’ northwest; sample collected from Nos. 2, 4 and 6 of section in Room No. 6, 1st Left off No. 2, Left Face, by D. D. Teets, Jr.; G. E. Kendrick, foreman, authority for data.” For the composition, calorific value and fuel ratio, see No. 44 in the table of coal analyses at the end of this chapter. The old Glen Falls mine (No. 45 on map) of the Fairmont Coal Co., located a short distance due east of the mouth of Fall run, had been abandoned in 1910, but it was once sampled for the State Geological Survey by S. D. Brady, and the prox- imate analysis as published on page 205 of Vol. II, under No. 48, is given in the table of coal analyses at the end of this chapter, under No. 45. Consolidation Coal Co. No. 27 (Dunham). — No. 46 on Map. Located on south side of Fall run at Glen Falls; Pittsburgh coal. Feet. Inches. 0 . Shale, gray and soft. . . . 1. Coal, “head” 1' 6 " 2. Coal 0 10 3. Bone 0 1% 4. Coal 0 7% 5. Bone 0 1 6. Coal 5 1 8 2% 7. Slate “Tidal elevation, 1075', aneroid; principal office, Fairmont; 15 laborers and 30 miners employed; electric haulage; butts, N. 80° W.; faces, N. 10° E.; greatest rise, southwest; recovery, 9iy 2 per cent; sample collected from Nos. 2, 4 and 6 of section at mouth of 10th Right Heading by Ray V. Hennen and D. B. Reger; L. C. Murray, Supt., Walter Miller, foreman, authority for data.” For composition, calorific value and fuel ratio, see No. 46 in the table of coal analyses at the end of this chapter. WEST VIRGINIA GEOLOGICAL SURVEY 595 Consolidation Coal Co. No. 48 (Fall Run). — No. 47 on Map. Located on Fall Run, 0.6 mile southeast of Glen Falls; Pittsburgh coal. Coal, “head”, thickness concealed Coal 1' 4 " Bone 0 0 V 2 Coal 0 8 y 2 Bone 0 0 % Coal 5 3 Slate Feet. Inches. 4% “Tidal elevation, 1080', aneroid; principal office, Fairmont; daily capacity, 350 tons; 19 laborers and 40 miners employed; electric haulage; butts, N. 80° W. ; faces N. 10° E.; greatest rise, southeast; sample collected from Nos. 2, 4 and 6 of section in Room No. 4, off 5th Right, by Ray V. Hennen and D. B. Reger; L. C. Murray, Supt.; Walter Miller, foreman, authority for data.” For the composition, calorific value and fuel ratio, see No. 47 in the table of coal analyses at the end of this chapter. ■ Consolidation Coal Co. No. 62 (Perry No. 3). — No. 48 on Map. Located mile north of Adamston; Pittsburgh coal. Feet. Inches. 1 . Coal, “head” V 0 ' 2. Coal 0 8 3. Bone 0 0% 4. Coal 0 4 y 2 5. Bone 0 0 % 6. Coal 0 5 7. Bone 0 1 8. Coal 0 7 9. Bone 0 1 10. Coal 4 2 11. Slate “Tidal e’evation, 1005' aneroid; principal office, Fairmont; daily capacity, 200 tons; 19 laborers and 37 miners employed; mule haul- age; used for steam, gas and domestic fuel; shipped east and west; butts, N. 78° W.; faces, N. 12° E.; greatest rise, south; sample col- lected from Nos. 2, 4, 6, 8 and 10 of section in 1st Right, 3rd North, by D. D. Teets, Jr.; D. Oldroyd, Supt., authority for data.” For the composition, calorific value and fuel ratio of the above sample, see No. 48 in the table of coal analyses at the end of this chapter. 596 COAL Corona Coal & Coke Co., Harold Mine. — No. 49 on Map. Located y 2 mile northeast of Adamston; Pittsburgh coal. 1. Coal, “head” 1' 11 " Feet. Inches. 2. Coal 0 7 3. Bone 0 oy 2 4. Coal 0 7 "A . 5. Bone 0 oy 2 6. Coal 0 o 8 2 7. Slate “Tidal elevation, 1000', aneroid; principal office, Pittsburgh, Pa.; daily capacity, 700 tons; 30 laborers and 55 miners employed; electric haulage; used for steam, gas and domestic fuel; shipped in all di- rections; butts, N. 81° W. ; faces N. 9° El.; greatest rise, northwest, sample collected from Nos. 2, 4 and 6 of section by D. D. Teets, Jr.; J. E. Clingan, Supt., authority for data.” For the composition, calorific value and fuel ratio, see No. 49 in the table of coal analyses at the end of this chapter. The 15 following mines in the Pittsburgh coal are located on the waters of Limestone run, westward from Clarksburg, along the main line of the Baltimore & Ohio R. R. (South- west), and are arranged in order of their map numbers from west to east: Chas. T. Moore, Phoenix Mine. — No. 50 on Map. (W. B. Gunton Coal Co.) Located y 2 mile northeast of Wolf Summit; Pittsburgh coal. Feet. Inches. 1. Coal, “head” 0' 6 " 2. Coal 0 6 3. Bone 0 0% 4. Coal 0 9 5. Bone .0 1 6. Coal 4 3 6 1% 7. Slate “Tidal elevation, 1150', aneroid; owned by Moore and Douglass; principal office, Pittsburgh, Pa.; daily capacity, 100 tons; 13 laborers and 13 miners employed; used for domestic fuel; shipped west; butts, N. 80° W. ; faces, N. 10° E. ; greatest rise, southeast; sample collected from Nos. 2, 4 and 6 of section in Main Heading, 3rd Right, by D. D. Teets, Jr.; M. M. Mannix, Supt., authority for data.” For the composition, calorific value and fuel ratio, see No. 50 in the table of coal analyses at the end of this chapter. At the time this mine was visited by Mr. Teets, it was WEST VIRGINIA GEOLOGICAL SURVEY 597 run under the name given above, but, according to the Annual Report of the Department of Mines of W. Va. for 1910, it is run by the W. B. Gunton Coal Co. O’Gara Coal Co., O’Gara Mine. — No. 51 on Map. Located y 2 mile northeast of Wolf Summit; Pittsburgh coal. Feet. Inches. 1. Coal, “head” 0' 10 2. Coal 1 4% 3. Bone 0 oy 2 4. Coal 0 7y 2 5. Bone 0 oy 2 6. Coal 4 3 7. Slate “Tidal elevation, 1140', aneroid; owned by Summit Coal Co.; principal office, Chicago, 111.; daily capacity, 360 tons; 27 laborers and 35 miners employed; used for domestic fuel; shipped west; butts, N. 80° W.; faces, N. 10° E.; greatest rise, southeast; sample collected from Nos. 2, 4 and 6 of section in Room No. 23 South, 3rd Right Heading, by D. D. Teets, Jr.; J. S. Howe, Supt., authority for data.” For the composition, calorific value and fuel ratio, see No. 51 in the table of coal analyses at the end of this chapter. Hutchinson Coal Co., Delta Mine. — No. 52 on Map. Located y 2 mile northeast of Wolf Summit; Pittsburgh coal. Feet. Inches. 1. Coal, “head”. 0' 6 " 2. Coal 0 6 3. Bone 0 oy 8 4. Coal 0 6 5. Bone 0 i 6. Coal 4 sy 2 • • 6 5% 7. Slate “Tidal elevation, 1110', aneroid; owned by Kelso Thompson; principal office, Fairmont; daily capacity, 400 tons; 10 laborers and 40 miners employed; mule haulage; used for steam and gas; shipped east and west; butts, N. 78° W.; faces, N. 12° E.; greatest rise, southeast; sample collected from Nos. 2, 4 and 6 of section in Main Heading by D. D. Teets, Jr.; C. D. M. Kramer, Supt., authority for data.” For the composition, calorific value and fuel ratio, see No. 52 in the table of coal analyses at the end of this chapter. The old Reynoldsville mine (No. 53 on Map), located one mile eastward from Wolf Summit at Reynoldsville, had been abandoned in 1910, but it was once sampled for the State Sur- 598 COAL vey by S. D. Brady, and the proximate analysis as published on page 206 of Vol. II, under No. 61, is given in the table of coal analyses at the end of this chapter, under No. 53. Madeira-Hill-Clark Coal Co., Chieftain or No. 4 Mine. No. 54 on Map. Located 0.9 mile northwest of Wilsonburg; 1. Coal, “head” 1' 0 2. Coal 0 6 3 Bone 0 0y 8 4. Coal 0 6 5. Bone 0 0 % 6. Coal 4 10 7. Slate Pittsburgh coal. Feet. Inches. 6 10 % “Tidal elevation, 1135', spirit level; operated on lease; principal office, Fairmont; daily capacity, 100 tons; 4 laborers and 18 miners empioyed; mule haulage; used lor steam, gas and domestic fuel; shipped west; butts, N. 80° W. ; faces, N. 10° E.; greatest rise, N. 40° W.; sample collected from Nos. 2, 4 and 6 of section in 2nd Left Heading by D. D. Teets, Jr.” For the composition, calorific value and fuel ratio, see No. 54 in the table of coal analyses at the end of this chapter.. Madeira-Hill-Clark Coal Co. No. 3 (Randolph). No. 55 on Map. Located 0.9 mile northwest of Wilsonburg; 1. Coal, “head” 0' 10 2. Coal 1 4 3. Bone 0 0 % 4. Coal 0 7 5. Bone 0 0% 6. Coal .4 0 7. Slate Pittsburgh coal. Feet. Inches. 6 10 % “Tidal elevation, 1133', spirit level; operated on lease; principal office, Fairmont; daily capacity, 550 tons; 23 laborers and 62 miners employed; electric and mule haulage; used for steam, gas and domes- tic fuel; shipped west; butts, N. 80° W.; faces N. 10° E. ; greatest rise, N. 40° W.; sample collected from Nos. 2, 4 and 6 of section in Room No. 9 off 4th Left Heading by D. D. Teets, Jr.” For the composition, calorific value and fuel ratio, see No. 55 in the table of coal analyses at the end of this chapter. WEST VIRGINIA GEOLOGICAL SURVEY 599 Consolidation Coal Co. No. 35 (O’Neil). — No. 56 on Map. Located 1 mile due north of Wilsonburg; Pittsburgh coal. Feet. Inches, 1. Coal, “head” 0' 8 " 2. Coal 1 8 3. Bone 0 1 4. Coal .0 8V 2 % 5. Bone 0 0% 6. Coal 4 6 7 814 7. Slate “Tidal elevation, 1050' aneroid; principal office, Fairmont; daily capacity, 500 tons; 50 laborers and 50 miners employed; rope and mule haulage; used for steam, gas and domestic fuel; shipped east and west; butts, N. 80° W. ; faces, N. 10° E.; greatest rise, southeast; sample collected from Nos. 2, 4 and 6 of section in Room No. 15, 4th Right Heading, by D. D. Teets, Jr.; J. R. Elsess, Supt., authority for data.” For the composition, calorific value and fuel ratio, see No, 56 in the table of coal analyses at the end of this chapter. This mine was once sampled for the State Survey by S. D. Brady, and the proximate a* ^ysis published on page 206 of Vol. II, under No. 62. The old O’Neil No. 2 mine (No. 57 on map) of the Fair- mont Coal Co. located 0.5 mile due north of Wilsonburg had been abandoned in 1910, but it was once sampled for the State Survey by S. D. Brady, and the proximate analysis as pub- lished on page 206 of Vol. II, under No. 63, is given in the table of coal analyses at the end of this chapter, under No. 57. The two mines in the Pittsburgh coal of the Washington Coal Co. (No. 58 and 59 on map), located one mile northeast of Wilsonburg, were shut down in 1910 and for that reason Mr. Reger was unable to collect samples from these opera- tions. Consolidation Coal Co. No. 50 (Perry No. 1). — No. 60 on Map. Located 1 mile northwest of Adamston; Pittsburgh coal. 1. Coal, “head” 0' 2. Coal 1 3. Bone 0 4. Coal 0 5. Bone 0 6. Coal 4 7. Slate Feet. Inches. 10 " 1 oy 2 9 1 6 7 3M> 600 COAL “Principal office, Fairmont; daily capacity, 500 tons; 16 laborers and 33 miners employed; electric haulage; used for steam, gas and domestic fuel; shipped east and west; butts, N. 80° 30' W.; faces N. 9° 30' E.; greatest rise, west; sample collected from Nos. 2, 4 and 6 of section in 1st North Face, off 4th Heading, by D. D. Teets, Jr.; A. V. Morgan, Supt., authority for data. Perry No. 1 and Perry No. 2 both use the same tipple and have the same Consolidation number (No. 50).” For the composition, calorific value and fuel ratio, see No. 60 in the table of coal analyses at the end of this chapter. This mine was once sampled by S. D. Brady for the State Survey, and the proximate analysis published on page 205 of Vol. II, under No. 52. Consolidation Coal Co. No. 50 (Perry No. 2).-— No. 61 on Map. Located 1 mi e northwest of Adamscon; Pittsburgh coal. Feet. Inches. 1. Coal, “head” 0' 6 " 2. Coal 0 9 3. Bone 0 0% 4. Coal 0 4 5. Bone 0 0 % 6. Coal 0 5 7. Bone 0 1 8. Coal 4 8 6 9y 2 9. Slate “Principal office, Fairmont; daily capacity, 500 tons; 16 laborers and 42 miners employed; used for steam, gas and domestic fuel; shipped east and west; butts, N. 80° 30' W.; faces, N. 9° 30' E.; greatest rise, west; sample collected from Nos. 2, 4 and 6 of section in room No. 6, 5th Right, by D. D. Teets, Jr.; A. V. Morgan, Supt., authority for data.” For the composition, calorific value and fuel ratio, see No. 61 in the table of coal analyses at the end of this chapter. Madeira-Hill-Clark Coal Co. No. 1 (Waldo) Mine. No. 62 on Map. Located 1.5 miles west of Adamston; 1. Coal, “head” 0' 9" 2. Coal 1 0 3. Bone 0 1 4. Coal 0 8 5. Bone 0 1 6. Coal 4 11 7. Slate Pittsburgh coal. Feet. Inches. 6 WEST VIRGINIA GEOLOGICAL SURVEY 601 “Tidal elevation, 1120’, aneroid; operated on lease; principal office, Fairmont; daily capacity, 450 to 500 tons; 20 laborers and 50 miners employed; used for steam, gas and domestic fuel; shipped west; butts, N. 80° W. ; faces, N. 10° E.; greatest rise, N. 40° W. ; sample collected from head coal, No. 1 of section, and the usual sam- ple from Nos. 2, 4 and 6 of section in Room No. 10 off 6th Right Entry by Ray V. Hennen; J. M. Hicks, Supt., authority for data; head coal left up for protection of roof; when removed, overlaying clay disin- tegrates rapidly.” The composition, calorific value and fuel ratio of the two samples — mining section and “head"’ coal — are given in the table of coal analyses at the end of this chapter, under No. 62, the latter sample being designated “head” coal in the table, and there shown to be unusually high in ash and sulphur. This mine was once sampled by S. D. Brady for the State Geological Survey, and the proximate analysis published on page 206 of Vol. II, under No. 54. Madeira-Hill-Clark Coal Co. No. 2 (Goff) Mine. No. 63 on Map. Located 0.8 mile west of Adamston; Pittsburgh coal. 1. Coal, “head” 0' 10 " Feet. Inches. 2. Coal 0 11 3. Bone 0 0% 4. Coal 0 7% 5. Bone 0 1 6. Coal 5 2 7 8y 2 7. Slate “Tidal elevation, 1100', spirit level; operated on lease; principal office, Fairmont; daily capacity, 550 tons; 23 laborers and 62 miners; mule haulage; used for steam, gas and domestic fuel; shipped west; butts, N. 80° W. ; faces, N. 10° E.; greatest rise, northwest; sample col’ected from Nos. 2, 4 and 6 of section in Room No. 11, off 4th Left Butt, by Ray V. Hennen.” For the composition, calorific value and fuel ratio, see No. 63 in the table of coal analyses at the end of this chapter. Fairmont & Baltimore Coal & Coke Co., Fairmore Mine No. 64 on Map. Located 0.3 mile southwest of Adamston; Pittsburgh coal. Feet. Inches. 1. Coal, “head” 1' 0 " 2. Coal 0 9 3. Bone 0 oy 2 4. Coal 0 71/2 COAL Feet. Inches. Bone 0 1 Coal 4 10 7 4 Slate “Tidal elevation, 1000', aneroid; owned by Jones Heirs; principal office, Baltimore; daily capacity, 300 to 350 tons; 20 laborers and 48 miners employed; rope haulage; used for steam; shipped east and west; butts, N. 80° W. ; faces, N. 10°; greatest rise, southeast; sam- ple collected from Nos. 2, 4 and 6 of section in Room No. 4, 1st Right Heading, by D. D. Teets, Jr.; Cleo. Mark, foreman, authority for data.” For the composition, calorific value and fuel ratio, see No. 64 in the table of coal analyses at the end of this chapter. This mine was once sampled for the State Survey by S. D. Brady, and the proximate analysis published on page 206 of Vol. II, under No. 53. The three following mines are located northeast of Clarks- burg on the waters of Murphy run and Elk creek: Colsolidation Coal Co., No. 25 (Pinnickinnick). — No. 65 on Map. Located 0.5 mile northeast of Clarksburg; Pittsburgh coal. Feet. Inches. 1. Coal, “head” 1' 0” 2. Coal 2 0 3. Bone 0 1 4. Coal 1 3 5. Bone 0 1 6. Coal 3 7 8 0 7. Slate “Principal office, Fairmont; daily capacity, 1000 tons; 65 laborers and 100 miners employed; electric haulage; used for steam, gas and domestic fuel; shipped east and west; butts, N. 80° W. ; faces, N. 10° E.; sample collected from Nos. 2, 4 and 6 of section in Room No. 19, 1st Right off 2nd North, by D. D. Teets, Jr.; Thos. Pollock, foreman, authority for data.” For the composition, calorific value and fuel ratio, see No. 65 in the table of coal analyses at the end of this chapter. This mine was once sampled for the State Survey by S. D. Brady, and the proximate analysis published on page 206 of Vol. II, under No. 57. WEST VIRGINIA GEOLOGICAL SURVEY 603 Consolidation Coal Co. No. 58 (Despard). — No. 66 on Map. Located on Murphy run, 1 mile northeast of Clarksburg; Pitts- burgh 1. coal. Coal, “head” 1' 0 " Feet. Inches. 2. Coal 1 10 3. Bone 0 oy 2 4. Coal 0 9 5. Bone 0 1 6. Coal 5 2 8 10 % 7. Slate “Principal office, Fairmont; daily capacity, 200 tons; 17 laborers and 30 miners; used for steam, gas and domestic fuel; shipped east and west; butts, N. 80° W.; faces, N. 10° E.; sample collected from Nos. 2, 4 and 6 of section in Room No. 1, 4th Right, by D. D. Teets, Jr.; R. G. Brooks, Asst, foreman, authority for data.” For the composition, calorific value and fuel ratio, see No. 66 in the table of coal analyses at the end of this chapter. The mine was once sampled by S. D. Brady for the State Survey, and the proximate analysis published on page 206 of Vol. II, under No. 58. Consolidation Coal Co. No. 29 (Columbia). — No. 67 on Map. Located on Murphy run, 1 mile northeast of Clarksburg; Pitts- burgh coal. Feet. Inches. 1 . Coal, “head” O' 11 " 2. Coal 1 6 3. Bone 0 0% 4. Coal 0 7 5. Bone 0 1 6. Coal 4 8 7 9% 7. Slate “Owned by Harry F. Blunt and M. M. Parker; principal offices, Fairmont; daily capacity, 600 tons; 37 laborers and 50 miners em- ployed; used for steam, gas and domestic fuel; shipped east and west; butts, N. 80° W. ; faces N. 10° E.; greatest rise, south; sam- ple collected from Nos. 2, 4 and 6 of section in Room No. 11, 9th Right Butt, by D. D. Teets, Jr.; M. J. Rooney, foreman, authority for data.” For the composition, calorific value and fuel ratio, see No. 67 in the table of coal analyses at the end of this chapter. This mine was once sampled for the State Survey by S. 604 COAL D. Brady, and the proximate analysis published on page 205 of Vol. II, under No. 50. Consolidation Coal Co. No. 52 (Ocean). — No. 68 on Map. Located 1.7 miles west of Bridgeport; 1. Draw slate 2. Coal, “head” 1' 8 3. Coal 0 3 4. Bone 0 1 5. Coal 0 3 6. Bone 0 lt4 7. Coal 0 6 8. Bone • 0 1% 9. Coal 4 9 10. Slate Pittsburgh Feet. 7 coal. Inches 8 % “Tidal elevation, 1143.6', spirit level-; owned by Bridgeport Gas Co.; principal office, Fairmont; daily capacity, 350 tons; 20 laborers and 60 miners employed; rope haulage; butts, N. 75° W.; faces, N. 15° E.; greatest rise, southeast; sample collected from Nos. 3, 5, 7 and 9 of section in No. 2 Butt, on First Face heading, by D. B. Reger; D. A. Reed, Supt.; F. H. Brooks, foreman, authority for data.” For composition, calorific value and fuel ratio, see No. 68 in the table of coal analyses at the end of this chapter. This mine was once sampled by S. D. Brady for the State Geological Survey, and the proximate analysis published on page 205 of Vol. II, under No. 51. A car load of coal from this mine was shipped to the Fuel Testing Plant of the U. S. Geological Survey at St. Louis, Mo. The results of the tests of this coal, as published on pages 206-208 of Bulletin No. 290 and pages 38-39 of Bul- letin No. 325 of the U. S. G. Survey, are as follows: “West Virginia No. 15 . — Bituminous coal from Ocean mine, Fair- mont Coal Company*, 3 miles east of Clarksburg, Harrison County, W. Va., on the Baltimore & Ohio Railroad. “This sample consisted of run-of-mine coal and was loaded under the supervision of Inspector J. S. Burrows. It was used in making coking tests Nos. 36 and 43 and steaming tests Nos. 214, 215 and 216. Two mine samples were taken for chemical analysis. No. 2039 was cut from the second butt entry off the third face entry, 2,750 feet northwest of the drift mouth. No. 2040 was cut in room 7 off the third butt entry, 2,025 feet northeast of the drift mouth. *Now Consolidation Coal Co. and mine No. 68 on Map. — R. V. H. WEST VIRGINIA GEOLOGICAL SURVEY 605 Chemical Analyses. | Car Mine samples I sample Laboratory number 2039 1.50 2.80 38.51 53.14 5.55 2.40 2040 | 2195 1.90 | 0.90 3.27 | 2.01 37.72 | 37.31 53.27 | 52.13 5.74 8.55 2.41 | 2.54 | 5.08 Air-drying loss. -2 [ Moisture .9 Vo’atile Matter (0 [ Fixed Carbon j Ash ( Sulphur f Hydrogen | j Carbon | 75.83 is ] Nitrogen 1 1.43 | Oxygen | 6.57 Calorific value determined Calories 7,836 14,105 | 7,673 British thermal units 13,811 Steaming Tests. “Test 214, West Virginia No. 15. — Size as shipped, run of mine. Size as used, over 1 inch, 33.1 per cent; y 2 inch to 1 inch, 24.4 per cent; ^4 inch to y 2 inch, 15 per cent; under *4 inch, 27.5 per cent. Duration of test, 8.78 hours. Kind of grate, rocking. “Test 215, West Virginia No. 15. — Size as shipped, run of mine. Size as used, over 1 inch, 32.6 per cent; y 2 inch to 1 inch, 24.2 per cent; % inch to y 2 inch, 15.8 per cent; under *4 inch, 27.4 per cent. Duration of test, 9.75 hours. Kind of grate, plain. “Test 216, West Virginia No. 15. — Size as shipped, run of mine. Size as used, over 1 inch, 43.5 per cent; y 2 inch to 1 inch, 20.3 per cent; y 2 inch to *4 inch, 14.5 per cent; under *4 inch, 21.7 per cent. Duration of test, 5.80 hours. Kind of grate, plain. Miscellaneous Items. I Test Test | Test 1 214 215 | | 216 Heating value of coal — B. T. coal Force of draft: U. per pound dry| I 14,126 ! 14,202 | 1 14,197 I Under stack damner 0.53 0.40 | 0.41 Above fire .22 .12 | a .04 Furnace temperature 2,247 2,269 2,365 Dry coal used per square foot of grate surface! per hour 16.32 16.77 21.28 Equivalent water evaporated per square foot of water-heating surface per hour Percentage of rated horsepower pounds of boiler de-| 1 2.68 3.01 3.67 veloped 75.2 84.4 103.0 Water apparently evaporated per pound of coall as fired pounds| 7.65 7.44 7.14 1 1 to 1-3 w Test | 215 | Test 216 Water evaporated from and at 212 F.: 1 ' I Per pound of coal as fired 9.00 1 8.77 8.41 Per pound of dry coal 9.18| 8.99 1 8.65 Per pound of combustible . . .pounds 10.92J 10.04 j 9.63 Efficiency of boiler, including grate. . . . .per cent 62.76| 61.13| 58.84 Coal as fired: | | Per indicated horsepower hour . . .pounds| 3.14 3.22 1 3.36 Per electrical horsepower hour 3.88| 3.98 j 4.15 Dry coal: 1 Per indicated horsepower hour . . .pounds| 3.08 1 3.15 1 3.27 Per e’ectrical horsepower hour 3.80 1 3.88 4.04 Analyses. | Test Test Test | 214 | 215 | 216 I I | Test 1 214 | Test | 215 | Test 216 Proximate. 1 1 1 Ultimate. | | | Moisture . 1.90 1 2.47 1 2.73 |Carbon a . . . . . .) 77.45) 77.93) 77.90 Volatile Matter .j 38.18) 38.38) 38.43 Hydrogen 3 ... ..) 4.97 1 5.00) 5.00 Fixed Carbon... .) 51.90) 51.48| 51.11 Oxygen 3 . . . . ••) 4-87| 4.90 1 4.89 Ash .) 8.02) 7.67| 7.73 |Nitrogen a ... ..| 1.46) 1.47) 1.47 o o © o I— 1 o o © o r— 1 ©" © o’ o 1— 1 Sulphur ..) 3.07) 2.84) 2.79 Su’phur .| 3.01) 2.77 1 2.71||Ash ..) 8.18) 7.86) 7.95 1 1 1 |100.00|100.00|100.00 'Figured from car sample. Coking Tests. “Test 36, West Virginia No. 15. — Size as shipped, run of mine. Size as used, finely crushed. Raw. Duration of test, 46 hours. Coal charged .10,000 Coke produced . 6,867 Breeze produced . 267 Coke produced . 68.67 Breeze produced . 2.76 Total percentage yield . . . 71.43 “Remarks. — Light gray and silvery. Good, heavy coke. High yield due to deposited carbon. Sulphur high. “Test 43, West Virginia No. 15. — Size as shipped, run of mine. Size as used, finely crushed. Raw. Duration of test, 73 hours. Coal charged 12,000 Coke produced 8,404 Breeze producer 269 Coke produced 70.03 Breeze produced .per cent. . 2.24 Total percentage yield... 72.27 “Remarks. — Fine heavy coke. Silvery color. Breakage practically perfect; large pieces. Sulphur high. High yield due to deposited carbon. Forced draft. WEST VIRGINIA GEOLOGICAL SURVEY 607 Analyses. Test 36. j Coal. | Coke, j Test 43. Coal. | Coke. Moisture | 1.79 | 0.45 | 2.33 | 0.26 Volatile Matter... | 37.90 .78 | 38.33 1.89 Fixed Carbon . . .w | 53.00 | 88.70 i 51.72 87.30 Ash .1 7.31 1 10.07 i 7.62 10.55 Sulphur | 2.73 | 1 1 [ 2.09 | 2.72 2.26 “Virginia No. 4, West Virginia Nos. 14* and 15 , and most of tne Kansas coals clinker badly because the ash is low in proportion to the sulphur content — 0.3 to 6 per cent of sulphur and 3.5 to 10 per cent of ash. When such coals are burned on a plain or a rocking grate, trouble with clinkers may generally be prevented by blowing steam under the grate. The usually assigned cause of this effect is that as the steam passes through the hot clinkers it is decomposed into hydrogen and oxygen. This decomposition is a cooling process and the heat needed to effect it is taken from the grate and the hot clinker, thus keeping the latter cool and preventing the fusing of the clinker into the grate. “The use of steam to prevent the clinkers from melting into the grate was found to work satisfactcrily with all the coals high in sulphur and ash. However, for coals very low in ash this method sometimes proved to be insufficient. In such cases crushed limestone spread over the thin, clean fire bed immediately on starting the test, pre- vented the clinkers from adhering to the grate, and was used for the second tests on West Virginia No. 14 and Virginia No. 4 coals. The cleaning of the fires after the first tests on these coals, when lime- stone was not used, took forty-five and thirty minutes, respectively. On the second tests, when limestone was used, the cleaning took eight and ten minutes, respectively. “To make a general statement, it may be loosely said that the tendency of a coal to clinker varies directly with the sulphur (iron pyrites) and inversely with the ash in the coal.” Central Fairmont Coal Co., Snake Hill Mine. — No. 69 on Map. Located 1 mile southeast of Clarksburg; Pittsburgh coal. Feet. Inches. 1. Slate 2. Coal, “head” V 2 " 3. Coal 2 6 4. Bone 0 1 % 5. Coal 4 11 8 8% 6. Slate “Tidal elevation, 1075', aneroid; owned by Hornor Davis; princi- pal office, Clarksburg; daily capacity, 300 tons; 11 laborers and 45 miners employed; mule haulage; used for steam and domestic fuel; shipped east and west; butts, N. 77° W. ; faces, N. 13° E.; greatest rise, southeast; recovery, 95 per cent; sample collected from Nos. 3 and 5 in Second Parallel by D. B. Reger; D. M. Harr, foreman, au- thority for data.” ♦Sample from Eagle coal of Page No. 1 of Loup Creek Colliery Co., Fayette Co., W. Va— R. V. H. 608 COAL For composition, calorific value and l'uei ratio, see No. 69 in the table of coal analyses at the end of this chapter. Vincent Coal Co., Graselli Mine. — No. 70 on Map. Located on Moore run, 1.3 miles southeast of Clarksburg; Pitts- burgh coal. 1. Slate Feet. Inches. 2. Coal, “head” 1' 9 " 3. Slate 0 oy 4 4. Coal 0 10 5. Bone 0 6. Coal 0 8 7. Bone 0 1 8. Coal 3 5 9. Slate 0 0% 10. Coal 1 6 .... 8 414 11 . Slate “Tidal elevation, 1155', aneroid; owned by Kingwood Coal Co.; principal office, Clarksburg; daily capacity, 300 to 350 tons; 20 laborers and 40 miners employed; mule haulage; used for steam fuel and cement burning; shipped east; butts, N. 80° W.; faces, N. 10° E.; greatest rise, northeast; sample collected from Nos. 4, 5, 6, 8 and 10 in 3id Left Heading by D. B. Reger; Vincent E. Gocke, Supt. ; August Ricker, foreman, authority for data.” For composition, calorific value and fuel ratio, see No. 70 in the table of coal analyses at the end of this chapter. Barnard Coal Co., Barnard Mine. — No. 71 on Map. Located on Moore run, 0.7 mile northwest of Graselli; Pittsburgh coal. Feet. Inches. 1. Coal, thickness concealed 2. Coal 5 0 3. Fire clay 5 0 “Tidal elevation, 1160', aneroid; owned by Wm. Burk; principal office, Clarksburg; 1 laborer and 2 miners employed; butts N. 80° W. ; faces, N. 10° E.; greatest rise, southeast; sample collected from No. 2 of section by Ray V. Hennen. Just started to drive the heading and are in 100' (Oct. 18, 1910).” For the composition, calorific value and fuel ratio, see No. 71 in the table of coal analyses at the end of this chapter. PLATE XX— Steel Tipple at the Owings (No. 32) Mine of the Con- solidation Coal Co. 2.5 miles S. E. of Shinnston — No. 25 on Map — Also Topography of the Monongahela series. WEST VIRGINIA GEOLOGICAL SURVEY 609 Harry B. Coal & Coke Co., Pitcairn Mine. — No. 72 on Map. Located on Arnold run, 0.8 mile south of Clarksburg; Pittsburgh coal. 1. Coal, “head” 1' 0 2. Coal 0 8 3. Bone 0 0% 4. Coal 0 4 5. Bone 0 1 6. Coal 0 8 7. Bone 0 0^4 8. Coal 5 5 9. Slate Feet. Inches. 8 2i/ 2 “Tidal elevation, 1085', aneroid; owned by Pitcairn Coal Co.; principal office, Fairmont; daily capacity, 1000 tons; 24 laborers and 92 miners employed; used for steam, gas and domestic fuel; shipped east and west; butts, N. 80° W.; faces, N. 10° E.; sample collected from Nos. 2, 4, 6 and 8 of section in Room No. 4 off 2nd Left off Main Headng, by D. D. Teets, Jr.; W. N. Russell, foreman, authority for data.” For the composition, calorific value and fuel ratio, see No. 72 in the table of coal analyses at the end of this chapter. A car load of coal was shipped from this mine to the Fuel Testing Plant of the U. S. Geological Survey at St. Louis, Mo., for testing purposes, and the results obtained therefrom as published on pages 71, 82 and 127, respectively, of Bulletin No. 261 of the U. S. G. Survey, are as follows : “ West Virginia No. 2. — Run-of-mine coal from Pitcairn mine, Pic- cairn Coal Company, Clarksburg, W. Va. “Two coking tests were made on this sample, one of raw coal and one of washed coal. This affords an additional means of judging the effectiveness of washing, for the coke shows improvement in the second (washed coal) test, which can be accounted for only by better quality of coal. The following table shows the results: Analyses Showing the Effect of Washing West Virginia No. 2 Coal. Coal. | Coke. r | From | From I | raw j washed Raw Washed. | coal. | coal. Ash 8.22 | 7.05 | 14.95 ; 11.40 Sulphur 3.38 | 2.84 | 3.40 | 2.24 610 COAL Result of Coal Tests Under Boilers. West Virginia No. 2 Coal. — Condicion of sample, mine run, bright; chemical analysis: Moisture 2.01 per cent. Volatile Matter 39.23 per 1 cent. Fixed Carbon 48.80 per cent. Ash 9.96 per cent. 100.00 per cent. Sulphur (separately determined) 2.71 per cent. Duration of trial 10.22 hrs. Total coal consumed 8354 lbs. Horse power developed by boiler 212.2 Dry coal burned per sq. ft. of grate surface per hour 19.75 lbs. Equivalent evaporation from and at 212° F. per pound of dry coal 9.14 lbs. Dry coal per indicated horse power hour 3.09 lbs. Dry coal per electrical horse power hour 3.82 lbs. For other data as to tests of Pittsburgh coal from this mine, the reader is referred to Professional Paper No. 48 of the U. S. Geological Survey. Coking Test. “West Virginia No. 2. — Run-of-mine coal from Pitcairn mine of Pitcairn Coal Company, Clarksburg, W. Va. “Two tests were made of this coal, unwashed and washed. The first charge was 9,000 pounds of .unwashed coal, producing 5,235 pounds of gray coke, somewhat brittle and high in sulphur and ash. The washed coal, of which 13,000 pounds was charged, showed an improvement in the coke, though the sulphur was still too high for blast furnace use. The yield from the second charge was 7,808 pounds, or 60 per cent, as compared with 58.2 per cent from the un- washed coal.” The old Dixie mine (No. 73 on map) of the Consolidation Coal Co., located on Arnold run, 1.3 miles southwest of Clarksburg, had been abandoned in 1910, but it was once sam- pled for the State Geological Survey by S. D. Drady, and the proximate analysis, as published on page 206 of Vol. II, un- der No. 66, is given under No. 73 in the table of coal analyses at the end of this chapter. Consolidation Coal Co. No. 46 (Lynch). — No. 74 on Map. Located 2.5 miles south of Clarksburg, near mouth of Brown’s run; Pittsburgh coal. Feet. Inches. 1. Coal, “head”, thickness concealed 2. Coal 0' 6 3. Bone 0 1 4. Coal 0 6 WEST VIRGINIA GEOLOGICAL SURVEY 611 5. Bone 0 i y 2 Feet. Inchei 6. Coal 5 4 6 ev 2 7. Slate “Tidal elevation, 1105', aneroid; owned by Chas. P. Lynch; princi- pal office, Fairmont; daily capacity, 30 tons; 3 laborers and 6 miners employed; mule haulage; used for steam, gas and domestic fuel; shipped east and west; sample collected from Nos. 2, 4 and 6 of sec- tion in chain pillar between No. 1 and No. 2, 3rd Left, by D. D. Teets, Jr.; U. A. Armour, foreman, authority for data.” For composition, calorific value and fuel ratio, see No. 74 in the table of coal analyses at the end of this chapter. This mine was once sampled for the State Geological Survey by S. D. Brady, and the approximate analysis pub- lished on page 206 of Vol. II, under No. 67. Consolidation Coal Co. No. 39 (Two Lick). — No. 75 on Map. Located 0.8 mile due east of Lynch Mines; Pittsburgh coal. Feet. Inches. 1. Coal, “head” 0' 8 " 2. Coal 0 4 3. Bone 0 0% 4. Coal 0 3 5*. Bone 0 1 6. Coal 0 5 7. Bone 0 1 8. Coal 4 4 6 2% 9. Slate “Tidal elevation, 1130', aneroid; principal office, Fairmont; daily capacity, 300 tons; 17 laborers and 25 miners employed; used for steam, gas and domestic fuel; shipped east and west; butts, N. 80° W. ; faces, N. 10° E.; greatest rise, southwest; sample collected from Nos. 2, 4, 6 and 8 of section in 2nd Right, 2nd North Face, by D. D. Teets, Jr.; I. L. Martin, assistant foreman, authority for data.” For composition, calorific value and fuel ratio, see No. 75 in the table of coal analyses at the end of this chapter. This mine was once sampled by S. D. Brady for the State Geological Survey, and the approximate analysis published on page 206 of Vol. II, under No. 67. Marshall Coal Co., Marshall Mine. — No. 76 on Map. Located 1 mile northwest of Byron; Pittsburgh coal. Feet. Inches. 1. Coal, “head” 1' 3" 2. Coal 1 2 612 COAL Feet. Inches. 0 Bone 0 2 4. Coal 1 4 5. Bone 0 5 6. Coal 3 2 7. Slate “Tidal elevation, 1135', aneroid; principal office, Philadelphia, Pa.; daily capacity, 600 tons; 30 laborers and 60 to 75 miners em- ployed; rope haulage; used for steam, gas and domestic fuel; shipped east and west; butts, N. 78° W. ; faces, N. 12° E.; greatest rise, west; sample collected from Nos. 2, 4 and 6 at pillar between main heading and empty roadway, by D. D. Teets, Jr.; S. R. Williams, Supt., author- ity for data.” For composition, calorific value and fuel ratio, see No. 76 in the table of coal analyses at the end of this chapter. Byron Coal Co., Althea Mine. — No. 77 on Map. Located % mile northwest of Byron; Pittsburgh coal. Feet. Inches. 1. Coal, “head” 1' 1" 2. Coal 1 1 3. Bone 0 1 4. Coal 0 9 5. Bone 0 1 6. Coal 4 11 8 0 7. Slate “Tidal elevation, 1140', aneroid; owned by J. B. Smith; principal office, Clarksburg; daily capacity, 300 tons; 11 laborers and 32 miners employed; rope and mule haulage; used for steam and domestic fuel; shipped east and west; butts, N. 83° W.; faces, N. 7° E.; greatest rise, all directions; sample collected from Nos. 2, 4 and 6 of section in Room No. 1, 1st Left Butt heading by D. D. Teets, Jr.; I. Keith, Supt., authority for data.” For composition, calorific value and fuel ratio, see No. 77 in the table of coal analyses at the end of this chapter. Consolidation Coal Company No. 60 (West Fork.) — No. 78 on Map. Located % mile northwest of Byron; Pittsburgh coal. Feet. Inches. 1. Coal, “head”, thickness concealed.. 2. Coal 0' 2 " 3. Bone 0 0 % 4. Coal 1 0 5. Bone 0 oy 2 6. Coal 0 4 7. Bone 0 0% 8. Coal 4 9 6 4 y 2 WEST VIRGINIA GEOLOGICAL SURVEY 613 “Tidal elevation, 1104', spirit level; owned by Mt. Clare Coal Co.; principal office, Fairmont; daily capacity, 150 tons; 6 laborers and 10 miners employed; mule haulage; used for steam fuel on B. & O. R. R., local delivery; butts, east; faces, north; greatest rise, north; sample collected from Nos. 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 and 8 of section in Straight Heading by D. B. Reger; Lovell Childs, Supt.; J. M. Metheny, foreman, authority for data.’’ For the composition, calorific value and fuel ratio, see No. 78 in the table of coal analyses at the end of this chapter. Daniel Coal Co., Gocke Mine. — No. 79 on Map. Located % mile due north of Byron; 1. Coal, “head” O' 6 2. Coal 0 6 3. Bone 0 1 4. Coal 0 10 5. Bone 0 0% 6. Coal 5 0 7. Slate Pittsburgh coal. Feet. Inches. 6 11 % “Tidal elevation, 1105', aneroid; owned by Stout and Reynolds; principal office, Clarksburg; daily capacity, 150 to 200 tons; 6 laborers and 23 miners employed; mule haulage; used for steam; shipped east and west; butts, N. 80° W. ; faces, N. 10° E.; greatest rise, south- west; sample collected from Nos. 2, 4 and 6 of section by D. D. Teets, Jr.; H. S. Huber, Supt., authority for data.” For composition, calorific value and fuel ratio, see No. 79 in the table of coal analyses at the end of this chapter. Hutchinson Coal Co., Byron Mine. — No. 80 on Map. Located 0.6 mile southwest of Byron; Pittsburgh coal. 1. Coal, “head” 0' 10" Feet. Inches. 2. Coal 0 6 3. Bone 0 1 4. Coal 0 8 5. Bone 0 1 6. Coal 5 0 7 2 7. Slate “Tidal elevation, 1125', aneroid; principal office, Fairmont; daily capacity, 1000 tons; 35 laborers and 50 miners employed; electric haulage; used for steam, gas and domestic fuel; shipped east and west; butts, N. 80° W.; faces, N. 10° E. ; sample collected Oct. 31, 1910, from Nos. 2, 4 and 6 of section in 3rd West Heading by D. D. Teets, Jr.; mine superintendent is authority for data.” 614 COAL For composition, calorific value and fuel ratio, see No. 80 in table of coal analyses at the end of this chapter. Consolidation Coal Co., No. 44. (Interstate No. 1). — No. 81 on Map. Located 0.3 mile southeast of Byron; Pittsburgh coal. 1. Coal, “head” V 2. Coal 1 3. Bone 0 4. Coal 0 5. Bone 0 6. Coal 5 7. Slate Feet. Inches. 2 " 9V 2 1 3 0 % 1 % 8 53,4 “Tidal elevation, 1170', spirit level; principal office, Fairmont; daily capacity, 50 tons; 2 laborers and 5 miners employed; mule haulage; used for steam, gas and domestic fuel; shipped east and west; butts, N. 80° W.; faces, N. 10° E.; greatest rise, southeast; sample collected from Nos. 2, 4 and 6 of section in Face Heading by D. D. Teets, Jr.; Guy Russell, foreman, authority for data.” For composition, calorific value and fuel ratio, see No. 81 in table of coal analyses at the end of this chapter. This mine was once sampled for the State Geological Sur- vey by S. D. Brady, and the proximate analysis published on page 206 of Vol. II, under No. 72. Consolidation Coal Co. No. 64 (Interstate No. 2). — No. 82 on Map. Located 1 mile southwest of Byron; Pittsburgh coal. 1. Coal, “head” 0' 10" Feet. Inches. 2. Coal 1 0 3. Bone 0 1 4. Coal 0 9 5. Bone 0 1 6. Coal 4 9 7 6 7. Slate “Tidal elevation, 1150', aneroid; principal office, Fairmont; daily capacity, 300 tons; 15 laborers and 25 miners employed; mule haul- age; used for steam, gas and domestic fuel; shipped east and west; butts, N. 80° W.; faces, N. 10° E.; greatest rise, southeast; sample collected from Nos. 2, 4 and 6 of section in Room No. 12, 2nd Lefc, off No. 2 South Face by D. D. Teets, Jr.; J. L. Thomas, foreman, au- thority for data.” WEST VIRGINIA GEOLOGICAL SURVEY 615 For composition, calorific value and fuel ratio, see No. 82 in the table of coal analyses at the end of this chapter. This mine was once sampled by S. D. Brady for the State Geol. Survey, and the proximate analysis published on page 206 of Vol. II, under No. 71. Clarksburg Gas Coal Co., McWhorter Mine. — No. 84 on Map. Located % mile northwest of McWhorter; Pittsburgh coal. Feet. Inches. 1. Coal, “head” O' 2 1 2. Coal 1 3 3. Bone 0 oy 8 4. Coal 0 7 5. Bone 0 oy 2 6. Coal 1 9y 2 7. Slate “Tidal elevation, 1350', aneroid; owned by McWhorter and Mc- Intyre; principal office, Uniontown, Pa.; daily capacity, 500 tons; 15 laborers and 75 miners employed; electric haulage; used for steam, gas and domestic fuel; shipped east; butts, N. 80° W.; faces, N. 10° E.; greatest rise, northeast; sample collected from Nos. 2, 4 and 6 of section in main heading about 75' from outcrop (in water), by D. D. Teets, Jr.; Geo. S. Price, Supt., authority for data. For the composition, calorific value ?nd fuel ratio, see No. 84 in table of coal analyses at the end of this chapter. The section shows that a marked thinning has taken place in the Pittsburgh coal along the southern border of Harrison county. The sample was collected in water, according to Mr. Teets; hence, the high percentage of moisture reported in the analy- sis of the sample “as received,” and the corresponding low calorific value and fuel ratio. The “air dried” result exhibits a better rating of the coal. The average analysis, calorific value and fuel ratio of Pittsburgh coal from 66 mines in Harrison county are given in the table at the end of this chapter. A detailed study of this table will show that there is little variation, with one or two exceptions, from this average by the individual mines. On pages 646-659 of Vol. 11(A) of the State Geological reports, Mr. Frank Haas, formerly Chief Chemist, but now Consulting Engineer of the Consolidation Coal Company, gives a very interesting and valuable paper on the chemistry. 616 COAL quality and character of the Pittsburgh coal bed in Marion and Harrison counties, to which the reader is referred for comparative results. Quantity of Pittsburgh Coal Available. It is an easier matter to make an approximation of the available tonnage of Pittsburgh coal in Doddridge and Harri- son counties than of any other bed in the area, as it is nearly always noted when present in the logs of the many oil and gas wells drilled therein, owing to its value as a “key rock” in determining depths to the several sands. A description of the probable workable area of the Pitts- burgh coal is given on pages 216 and 573, under the discussion of its stratigraphy and structure. Its crop in Harrison county is designated by an appropriate symbol on the economic geol- ogy map accompanying this report. The map also shows the approximate western boundary line where the Pittsburgh coal bed of commercial thickness and purity disappears in Dod- dridge county. The commercial area of the coal as thereon outlined has been determined by magisterial districts with a planimeter by Mr. Reger, the results of which are given in square miles in the table below. From a study of the sev- eral sections of this coal as exhibited in the foregoing com- mercial mines in Harrison, and the records of borings given in the table of wells for each county, the writer, in estimating the approximate available tonnage, feels safe in assuming a thickness of 6 feet spread out over the areas designated in the following table. Figuring on the basis of 25 cubic feet to the short ton as with the Washington bed, page 567, the follow- ing results are obtained: WEST VIRGINIA GEOLOGICAL SURVEY 617 Table Showing Approximate Available Pittsburgh Coal. Counties Sq. Cubic Feet | Short Tons By Districts. Miles. j Acres. of Coal. | of Coal. Doddridge | i McClellan 30.8 | 19,712 5,151,928,320 | 206,077,133 Grant 18.5 | 11,840 3,094,502,400 | 123,780,096 Cove 2.9 | 1,856 485,084,160 | 19,403,366 New Milton 7.0 | 4,480 1,170,892,800 | 46,835,712 Greenbrier 32.2 | 20,608 | | | | 5,386,106,880 j 215,444,275 1 Totals 91.4 1 | 58,496 | 15,288,514,560 1 | 611,540,582 Harrison : | | Sardis 46.0 | 29,440 | 7,694,438,400 j 307,777,536 Ten Mile 50.6 | 32,384 | 8,463,882,240 | 338,555,290 Union 37.8 | 24,192 j 6,322,821,120 | 252,912,845 Eagle 36.5 | 23,360 | 6,105,369,600 | 244,214,784 Clay 27.3 | 17,472 I 4,566,481,920 | 182,659,277 Coal 14.0 1 8,960 1 2,341,785,600 1 93,671,424 Clark 8.7 | 5,568 | 1,455,252,480 1 58,210,099 Simpson 10.4 | 6,656 | 1,739,612,160 | 69,584,486 Grant 10.3 | 6,592 | 1,722,885,120 68,915,405 Elk 7.6- | 4,864 i' | 1,271,255,040 50,850,202 1 Total 249.2 J159,488 | 41,683,783,680 1667,351,348 Total for both counties.... 340.6 |217,984 | 56,972,298,240 |2278,891,930 Of course, from the above estimate there would have to be subtracted 30 to 35 million tons, representing coal that has already been mined from this bed in Harrison, so that the total of Pittsburgh coal for the area would be reduced to 2 , 243 , 000,000 short tons. COALS OF THE CONEMAUGH SERIES. The Harlem Coal. The Harlem coal appears to be the only bed of the Cone- maugh series that attains sufficient thickness, purity and reg- ularity in the Doddridge-Harrison area to be considered an economic resource. A full description of its chemical com- position, calorific value, fuel ratio and distribution in the two counties is given on pages 256-261. Thereon it is shown that this coal attains a thickness of 10 to 30 inches in eastern Harrison, but appears to be absent in the western portion of the latter area, and in the whole of Doddridge. Where it 618 COAL crops to the surface along the crest .of the Chestnut Ridge anticline in the eastern part of the former county, it has "been mined by farmers for local domestic fuel, of which it fur- nishes a fair grade. Quantity of Harlem Coal Available. As near as can be ascertained from well records and exposures at crop, the Harlem coal is of minable thickness (15 to 30 inches) in that portion of Harrison county south- east of the straight line joining Boothsville with the inter- section of Hackers creek with the Harrison-Lewis county line. This portion of the county covers an area of 135 square miles. However, Simpson and Elk creeks and their tribu- taries have eroded a considerable area — approximately 15 square miles — of this coal along the crest of the Chestnut Ridge arch ; hence, the area of this bed of minable thickness, covers approximately 120 square miles. In forming an esti- mate of available tonnage, the writer feels safe in assuming a thickness of 1 foot spread out over the latter area. Figur- ing on the basis of 25 cubic feet to the short ton as hereto- fore, the following results are obtained : Table Showing Approximate Available Harlem Coal. | | Cubic feet | Short Tons | Sq. Miles Acres | of Coal of Coal Harrison County. . . •1 120 | 70,800 | 3,345,408,000 | 133,810,330 Of course, the Harlem coal could not be mined under present commercial conditions in competition with the thicker and purer seams easily available in the Appalachian field, but when the best coals become more expensive to win, then the former bed will constitute a reserve supply of fuel that will greatly prolong the life of the State’s coal fields. WEST VIRGINIA GEOLOGICAL SURVEY 619 COALS OF THE ALLEGHENY SERIES. The Upper Kittanning Coal. According to the logs of the oil and gas well borings, the Upper Kittanning coal appears to be the only bed of the Alle- gheny series to attain minable thickness and persistence in the Doddridge-Harrison area, and its apparent minable area is seemingly confined to a narrow belt, 2 to 3 miles wide, ex- tending southwestward across Harrison county from the Mar- ion-Harrison county line at Boothsville to the Harrison-Lewis county line at McWhorter, via Bridgeport and Lost Creek. The coal belongs about 100 feet belows the base of the Cone- maugh series ; hence, it lies deeply below drainage at all points in the area under discussion, so that the only source of information availible as to its depth and thickness, with one exception, has been the very incomplete records of oil and gas wells. The exception mentioned is a coal test boring (690), located on the J. B. Sandusky farm on the north bank of Simpson creek, one mile southeastward from Bridgeport, and drilled by Payne and Brady of Clarksburg. This boring penetrated the Upper Kittanning horizon without finding merchantable coal. The coal was recorded in the following list of wells scat- tered along the belt above outlined for its probable minable area : Wells Recording Upper Kittanning Coal — Harrison County. Map No. NAME OF WELL j District Elevation of Well Mouth UPPER KITTANING COAL Above Tide Feet Depth Feet | Thickness | Feet 625 W. M. Gray No. 1 IClay 1385L 929 | 7 630 Nimshi Nuzum No. 4..iClay 1165B 726 1 4 633 R. L. Reed No. 1 jciay 954L 435 1 5 686 Jesse H. Willis No. 1.. Simpson .. 1050B 470 1 11 688 Jesse H. Willis No. 3.. (Simpson .. 985L 350 1 6 708A C. S. Gribble No. 1.... (Grant .... 1145B 430 1 5 716 John H. Hardway No. ljGranc .... 1080B 380 6 732A Bassell Heirs No. 1.... (Grant .... 335 3 734 H. Booth (Carr) No. l.|Elk 1010L 393 1 737 IA. H. Davisson No. l..(Elk Average recorded thickness.... 1015B 310 | 4 | 5.2 Through the courtesy of W. A. Chambers of Bridgeport, 620 COAL Harrison county, the Survey was enabled to obtain samples for analysis of the Upper Kittanning and Lower Mercer? coals from the W. M. Gray No. 1 well (625), and the de- tailed record of the boring, published in connection with the Adamsville section, page 107. The composition, calorific value and fuel ratio of these coals, are given in the table of coal analyses at the end of this chapter. The Lower Mer- cer? coal, belonging in the Pottsville series of rocks, is thin and unimportant, but the analysis shows it to be compara- tively low in sulphur. Quantity of Upper Kittanning Coal Available. As mentioned on preceding pages of this report, the records of oil and gas wells are very unreliable data as to the character and thickness of the coals penetrated, since the or- dinary well driller, being interested only in gening down as soon as possible to the oil and gas horizons, does not exer- cise sufficient care to obtain the exact depth at which the top and bottom of a coal is reached, especially of the veins other than the Pittsburgh bed. Hence, the writer has a hesitancy in making even an approximate estimate on such meager information. If it should prove to be present over the area outlined above for eastern Harrison, % say covering an area of 50 square miles and possessing an average thickness of 3 feet, then 167,270,000 short tons would have to be added to the available coal resources of the Doddridge-Harrison area. Summary of Available Coal. Short Tons. Washington coal...- 529,745,352 Uniontown coal 111,513,600 Redstone coal • 70,811,136 Pittsburgh coal 2,243,000,000 Harlem coal • 133,816,320 Grand total 3,088,886,408 WEST VIRGINIA GEOLOGICAL SURVEY 621 The above estimate of available coal in the Doddridge- Harrison area does not mean that this amount will eventually be recovered. The percentage of recovery of a coal bed at present in West Virginia varies from 60 to 95 per cent of the mining section. Owing to the rapid progress in recent years in mining methods with regard to saving the largest possi- ble amount of the bed, the writer is of the opinion that fully 80 per cent of the above estimate will be eventually mined. Figuring on this basis, the total available coal is reduced in round number to 2,471,000,000 short tons. MINABLE COALS BY MAGISTERIAL DISTRICTS. In order to facilitate an investigation by the reader of data given in this report on the minable coals of the two counties, a brief summary of the same will now be given by magisterial districts. Doddridge County. McClellan District. — The Washington and Pittsburgh coals appear to be the only minable beds in McClellan dis- trict. The crop of the former is shown on the economic geol- ogy map accompanying this report. There still remains 57.4 square miles of this vein uneroded. Its thickness and char- acter are discussed in the description of the geology of the Washington coal, pages 157-168. The same map shows that only the eastern portion of the district holds Pittsburgh coal of minable thickness, covering an area of 30.8 square miles. The map shows the tidal elevation of the latter seam at all points in the district. Its depth and thickness are exhibited in the table of wells for Doddridge county, pages 290-303. For the available tonnage of each bed, see pages 567 and 617 respectively. Grant District. — The Washington, Uniontown and Pitts- burgh coals appear to be the only minable beds in Grant dis- trict. The crop of the first is shown on the economic geology map accompanying this report, and its thickness, character 622 COAL and composition are discussed at length in Chapter V. There still remains an area uneroded of 35.3 square miles. The Uniontown coal crops along the Baltimore & Ohio Railroad between Long Run station and the Grant-West Un- ion district line, and northward from Morgansville along Morgans run to Harlin. A discussion of its thickness, char- acter, composition, calorific value and fuel. ratio is given in Chapter VI. Its available area is shown on a preceding page of this chapter. The Pittsburgh coal lies deeply below drainage, but its depth and thickness are given in the table of wells for Dod- dridge county, under Nos. 88 to 138 inclusive. The western boundary line where this coal of commercial thickness and purity disappears in the district, is exhibited on the map above mentioned. No analyses of Pittsburgh coal were ob- tained in this district. The minable area of the bed has been approximated at 18.5 square miles. For the available tonnage of the Washington and Pittsburgh veins in the district, see pages 567 and 617, respectively. West Union District. — The only minable coals in West Union district appear to be the Washington and Uniontown beds. A glance at the economic geology map accompanying this report will show that the district lies one mile westward from the western boundary line of the Pittsburgh coal as out- lined thereon. The same map exhibits the crop of the Wash- ington seam in detail. A discussion of the thickness, charac- ter, composition, calorific value and fuel ratio of the latter vein is given in Chapter V. The area of Washington coal left eroded is 24.3 square miles, and the estimated available coal in round numbers, 40,646,000 short tons. v A full discussion of the distribution, composition, calori- fic value and fuel ratio of the Uniontown coal is given in Chapter VI. Probably one-half of the available tonnage of this bed as estimated for the two counties on page 569, be- longs in this district, or approximately 50,000,000 short tons. For ready comparison of the Washington and Uniontown beds, the reader is referred to the table of coal analyses at the end of this chapter. WEST VIRGINIA GEOLOGICAL SURVEY 623 Central District. — The Washington coal appears to be the only minable bed in Central district, a full discussion of the quality and character of which is given in Chapter V. The area of this coal left uneroded is 25 square miles, and the estimated available coal, 41,817,600 short tons. It is barely possible that the Uniontown bed may be of minable thickness over the eastern portion of this district, but, if so, it was overlooked in the logs of several wells therein. Southwest District. — The Washington coal appears to be the only minable bed in Southwest district. A glance at the economic geology map accompanying this report will show that it crops high in the hills therein, and for that reason only a small area — approximately 11 square miles — of this vein remains uneroded. It appears to be more irregular in this district than in any other in Doddridge county. A full discussion of its thickness, distribution, composition calorific value and fuel ratio is given in Chapter V. The estimate of available coal from this seam in Southwest district, is, in round numbers, 18,400,000 short tons. Cove District. — The only minable coals in Cove district appear to be the Washington and Pittsburgh veins. A glance at the economic geology map accompanying this report, will show that over most of the district, the former coal crops high in the hills ; hence, a large portion of its orig- inal area has been eroded, leaving approximately 19.7 square miles. A full discussion of its thickness, character and qual- ity is given in Chapter V. The estimated available coal for the district, is, in round numbers, 32,950,000 short tons. The minable area of Pittsburgh coal as outlined on the map above mentioned is confined to a narrow strip along the southeast border of the district, totaling 2.9 square miles. Of course, this western boundary line of commercial Pittsburgh coal is only approximate. The Albers and Fischer wells (248 and 250) record the coal, but do not give the thickness. The approximate available coal from this bed in the district has been estimated in round numbers at 19,400,000 short tons. For further details, see account of this bed in Chapter VI. New Milton District. — -The minable coals of New Milton 624 coal district are the Washington, Uniontown and Pittsburgh beds. The thickness, character and quality of the Washington coal therein is discussed in Chapter V. The economic geology map of the two counties exhibits its crop in detail thereon. The area of the bed left uneroded is 36.3 square miles. The estimated available coal from this vein for the district, is, in round numbers, 60,700,000 short tons. The minable area of the Uniontown coal is confined to the northern point of the district, covering about one-seventh of the total estimate of 50 square miles of this coal for Dod- dridge county, page 569 ; hence, the approximate available Uniontown coal for the district is, in round numbers, 15,900,- 000 short tons. The minable area of the Pittsburgh bed in New Milton district, as limited on the map above mentioned, is confined to a narrow strip along the southeastern border. Its thick- ness therein is exhibited by the wells (275, 277 and 278) in the table for Doddridge county, page 300. The area of the coal as limited, totals 7 square miles. The estimated available coal, is in round numbers, 46,835,000 short tons. For a fur- ther description of this coal, see Chapter VI. Greenbrier District. — The ' Washington and Pittsburgh coals appear to be the only minable beds in Greenbrier dis- trict. The crop of the former coal is shown in detail on the economic geology map accompanying this report, as well as the tidal elevation of the Pittsburgh vein at all points. The thickness, character and quality of the Washington coal is discussed in Chapter V. The amount of the coal left uneroded is 27.9 square miles. The approximate available Washington coal for the district, is, in round numbers, 46,- 668,000 short tons. All but a narrow strip along the northwestern border of this district appears to be underlaid with minable Pittsburgh coal. As limited on the map above mentioned, the area of this coal totals 32.2 square miles. The approximate available Pitts- burgh coal is, in round numbers 215,444,000 short tons. Its depth and thickness are given in the table of wells for Dod- dridge county under Nos. 278-317. For further information, see discussion of this coal in Chapter VI. PLATE XXI. — Plant and Town at Enterprise (No, 49) Mine of the Consolidation Coal Co. at Enterprise Map — Also Topography of the Monongahela series. WEST VIRGINIA GEOLOGICAL SURVEY 625 Harrison County. Sardis District. — The only minable coals of Sardis dis- trict appear to be the Washington and Pittsburgh beds. A glance at the economic geology map accompanying this re- port, wifi show that both veins lie deeply buried below drain- age along the axis of the Robinson syncline therein. The same map shows the crop of both coals in the eastern half of the district. The area of the Washington bed left un- eroded is 31.2 square miles, and the approximate available Washington coal is, in round numbers, 52,188,000 short tons. For further information, see detailed discussion of this coal in Chapter V. A detailed discussion of the character, thickness and quality of the Pittsburgh coal is given in both this chapter and in Chapter VI. The area of this bed left uneroded in the district is 46 square miles. The approximate available coal is, in round numbers, 307,775,000 short tons. Its depth and thickness is shown in the Harrison county table of wells under Nos. 318-395 inclusive. One commercial mine (No. 28 on map) in this coal occurs in Sardis, located 0.6 mile northwest of Dola, for data concerning which see No. 28 in the table of coal analyses at the end of this chapter. Ten Mile District. — As in Sardis, the Washington and Pittsburgh coals are the only minable beds in Ten Mile Dis- trict, and both lie deeply buried below drainage therein along the axis of the Robinson Basin. However, a glance at the economic geology map accompanying this report, will show that both crop in the eastern portion of the district, owing to the rapid rise of the strata in this direction on the western slope of the Wolf Summit anticline. A full discussion of the thickness, quality and character of the Washington coal is given in this chapter and in Chap- ter V. The area of this bed left uneroded is 34.4 square miles, and the approximate available coal, in round numbers, 57,- 540,000 short tons. A full discussion of the thickness, character and quality of the Pittsburgh coal is given in this chapter and in Chap- ter IX. The area of this coal left uneroded is 50.6 square 626 COAL miles, and the approximate available coal, in round numbers, 338.550.000 short tons. The depth and thickness of the coal are given in the Harrison county table of wells under Nos. 396-477 inclusive. There are no commercial mines in Ten Mile district. Union District. — The Washington, Redstone and Pitts- burgh coals appear to be only minable seams in Union dis- trict. The detailed crops of all three therein are shown on the economic geololgy map accompanying this report. The area of the Washington coal as thereon outlined is 6 square miles, and the approximate available coal, in round numbers, 10,000,000 short tons. For further information, see discus- sion of this coal in detail in Chapter V. As shown on the map above mentioned, the minable area of the Redstone coal is confined to the southeastern portion of the district, totaling 3.8 square miles. The approximate available coal is, in round numbers, 21,185,000 short tons. A full discussion of its thickness, character and quality is given in this chapter and in Chapter VI. The Pittsburgh coal crops high in the hills in the south- eastern portion of Union district, so that its area is reduced to 37.8 square miles. The approximate available coal from this bed is, in round numbers, 252,900,000 short tons. No commercial mines occur therein. For special information as to its character and quality in the district, see No. 83 in the table of coal analyses at the end of this chapter. Its depth and thickness in several wells are given in the table for Har- rison county under Nos. 478-531 inclusive. Other data on this coal are given in this chapter and in Chapter VI. Eagle District. — The only minable coals oi Jiagle district appear to be the Washington and Pittsburgh beds, both of which are elevated above drainage therein by the Wolf Sum- mit anticline. Th§ir crop is indicated by appropriate symbols on the economic geology map accompanying this report. The thickness, quality and character of the Washington seam is discussed in detail in Chapter V. The area of this coal in Eagle as outlined on the map above mentioned is 8 square miles, and the approximate available coal, in round numbers, 13.380.000 short tons. WEST VIRGINIA GEOLOGICAL SURVEY 627 As mentioned above, the Pittsburgh coal rises above drainage in Eagle on the crest of the Wolf Summit Arch, and southeastward along West Fork river, so that the area left uneroded as outlined on the map referred to above is 36.5 square miles, and the approximate available coal, in round numbers, 244,200,000 short tons. In 1910 there were 13 com- mercial mines in this seam in the district, the same being represented both on the map and in the table of coal analyses at the end of this chapter by Nos. 20 and 21, 27 to 36 inclu- sive, and 39 to which the reader is referred for specific infor- mation as to the thickness, character and quality of the Pitts- burgh coal at these mines. The accurate location of the mines along with page references for mine data, *s given on the pages immediately following the table of coal analyses. For the depth and thickness of the coal in several wells in Eagle, see table of wells for Harrison county, under Nos. 532 to 599 inclusive. For further details, see discussion of this coal in Chapter VI. Clay District. — The Washington, Pittsburgh, Harlem and Upper Kittanning coals all appear to be of minable thick- ness in Clay district. The crops of the Washington and Pittsburgh beds are indicated in detail on the economic geolo- gy map accompanying this report. Owing to the high structural level of Clay, only a very small area of the Washington coal — 0.2 square mile — remains uneroded, approximating, in round numbers, 330,000 short tons. For information as to the thickness, character and quality of the coal, see discussion of this bed in Chapter V. The minable area of the Pittsburgh coal as outlined on the map referred to above is 27.3 square miles, and the ap- proximate available coal, in round numbers, 182,660,000 short tons. In 1910 there were 16 commercial mines in this bed within the district, the same being represented both on the map referred to above and in the table of coal analyses at the end of this chapter by Nos. 12 to 19 inclusive, 22 to 26 inclu- sive, and 37 and 38, to which the reader is referred for specific information as to the thickness, character and quality of the coal at these mines. The accurate location of the mines along with page references for mine data is given on the pages COAL 028 immediately following the table of coal analyses. For the depth and thickness of the coal in several wells in Clay, see Nos. 600 to 649 inclusive in the table of wells for Harrison county. For further details, see discussion of the bed in Chapte VI. As outlined on page 618, the minable area of Harlem coal in Clay is approximately confined to that portion southeast of a straight line through Boothsville and McAlpin, amount- ing to about 4 square miles, or one-thirtieth of the minable area estimated for Harrison county, approximating, in round numbers, 4,460,000 short tons. A discussion of its thickness, character and quality is given in Chapter VII. For com- parative purposes the reader is referred to the data thereon under Nos. 87 to 91 inclusive in the table of coal analyses at the end of this chapter as well as the location of the open- ings and page references on the pages immediately follow- ing the latter table. The apparent minable area of the Upper Kittanning coal in Clay is not well defined as this coal lies deeply below drainage at all points in the Doddridge-Harrison area. The reader is referred to the description of this bed under “Coals of the Allegheny 'Series” in this chapter. Coal District. — The Pittsburgh coal appears to be the only minable seam in Coal district. The extreme eastern point of the latter area, however, may catch a few acres of minable Harlem and Upper Kittanning coals as the same are approximately outlined on pages 618 and 619 respectively. The detailed crop of the Pittsburgh bed is indicated on the economic geology map accompanyinig this report. The minable area as outlined thereon is 14 square miles, and the approximate available coal, in round numbers, 93,670,000 short tons. In 1910 there were 23 commercial mines in this seam within the district, the same being repres- ented both on the map referred to above and in the ta- ble of coal analyses at the end of this chapter by Nos. 40, 42 to 52 inclusive, and 65 to 67 inclusive, to which the reader is referred for specific information as to the thickness, quality and character of the coal at these mines. The accurate location of the mines along with WEST VIRGINIA GEOLOGICAL SURVEY 629 page references for mine data is given on the pages imme- diately following the table of coal analyses. See discussion of this coal in Chapter VI for further details. The depth and thickness of the seam at several wells are given in the Harrison county table of wells, under Nos. 650 to 668 inclu- sive. Clark District. — The Pittsburgh, Harlem and Upper Kit- tanning coals appear to the only minable beds in Clark dis- trict, with considerable doubt attached to the latter seam. The crop of the Pittsburgh coal is given in detail on the economic geology map accompanying this report, and the area of the bed as outlined thereon is 8.7 square miles, giving the approximate available coal therefrom, in round numbers, 58,200,000 short tons. In 1910 there were 9 commercial mines in this coal within the district, represented both on the map above mentioned and in the table of coal analyses at the end of this chapter by Nos. 53, 62 to 64 inclusive, and 69 to 74 inclusive, to which the reader is referred for specific informa- tion as to the thickness, quality and character of the coal at these mines. The accurate location of the mines along with page references for mine data is given on the pages imme- diately following the table of coal analyses. For the struc- ture and other data, see description of this coal in Chapter VI. The minable area of the Harlem coal in this district, as outlined in the discussion of the seam in this chapter, is con- fined to a narrow strip along the southeast border. A full description of the thickness, quality and character of the coal is given in Chapter VII. For data as to the minable area of the Upper Kittanning coal, see description of the bed in this chapter under “Coals of the’ Allegheny Series.” Simpson District. — The Redstone, Pittsburgh, Harlem and Upper Kittanning coals appear to be the only minable beds in Simpson district, with considerable doubt attached to the latter coal. The detailed crop of the Redstone where it has minable thickness is indicated by an appropriate sym- bol on the economic geology map accompanying this report, as well as the approximate northern boundary line where the bed of commercial thickness and purity disappears. The 630 COAL area of this seam in Simpson, as outlined on the latter map, is one square mile, and the approximate available coal, in round numbers, 5,575,000 short tons. A full discussion of the thickness, character and quality of the coal is given in Chapter VI. The detailed crop of the Pittsburgh coal in Simpson is shown on the map mentioned above, and the area of the bed, as thereon outlined, is 10.4 square miles ; hence, it has been eroded from much the greater portion of the district. The approximate available Pittsburgh coal is, in round numbers, 69.580.000 short tons. In 1910 there were only two commer- cial mines in this coal within the district, represented both on the map mentioned above and in the table of coal analyses at the end of this chapter by Nos. 41 and 68, to which the reader is referred for specific information as to the thickness, quality and character of the coal in these mines. For fur- ther details, see description of this seam in Chapter VI. The probable minable areas of the Harlem and Upper Kittanning coals are sets forth in the descriptions of these beds on preceding pages of this chapter. Grant District. — As in Simpson, the Redstone, Pitts- burgh, Harlem andd Upper Kittanning coals appear to be the only minable beds in Grant district, with considerable doubt attached to the latter coal. Where the Redstone is of minable thickness in Grant, it is so designated at crop with an appropriate symbol on the economic geology map accom- panying this report, as well as its northern boundary where the bed is of commercial thickness and purity. The area of the coal as outlined on this map in Grant is 3.5 square miles, and the approximate available coal, in round numbers, 19.510.000 short tons. In 1910 there were only 2 commercial mines in this coal within the district, represented both on the above mentioned map and in the table of coal analyses at the end of this chapter by Nos. -9 and 10, to which, in addi- tion to Nos. 8 and 11, the reader is referred for specific infor- mation as to the thickness, quality and character of the coal. For further details, see description of the coal on a preceding page of this chapter. The crop of the Pittsburgh coal in Grant is shown in WEST VIRGINIA GEOLOGICAL SURVEY 631 detail on the map mentioned above, and the area of the bed as thereon outlined is 10.3 square miles, giving the approxi- mate available coal, in round numbers, 68,900,000 short tons. In 1910 there were 9 commercial mines in this coal within the district, represented both on the map mentioned above and in the table of coal analyses at the end of this chapter by Nos. 75 to 83 inclusive, to which the reader is referred for details as to the thickness, quality and character of the coal in these mines. The accurate location of the mines along with page references for mine data is given on the pages im- mediately following the table of coal analyses. For further details, see account of this coal in Chapter VI. The apparent minable areas of the Harlem and Upper Kittanning coals in Grant are outlined in the descriptions of these beds on preceding pages of this chapter, along with other data of interest. Elk District. — As in Simpson and Grant, the Redstone, Pittsburgh, Harlem and Upper Kittanning coals appear to be the only minable beds in Elk district, with much doubt at- tached to the latter coal. The crop of the Redstone where the coal is of minable thickness is shown by an appropriate symbol on the economic geology map accompanying this report, and the minable area as thereon outlined is 4.4 square miles, giving the approxi- mate available coal, in round numbers, 24,500,000 short tons. There are no commercial mines within the district, but the same has been mined quite extensively therein by farmers for local domestic fuel, two of which are represented both on the map above mentioned and in the table of coal analyses at the end of this chapter by Nos. 6 and 7, to which the reader is referred for details as to the thickness, quality and character of the Redstone coal in Elk district. For further details as to this coal, see description of the bed on a preceding page of this chapter. The detailed crop of the Pittsburgh coa' in Elk is shown on the map mentioned above, and its area as thereon outlined is 7.6 square miles, giving the approximate available coal, in round numbers, 50,850,000 short tons. There are no commer- COAL 632 cial mines in this bed within the district, but detailed infor- mation as to its thickness and character therein are given on pages 575-576. The apparent minable areas of the Harlem and Upper Kittanning coals in Elk are outlined in the description of these beds on preceding pages of this chapter, along with uther interesting data. COAL ANALYSES. The following table gives the composition, calorific value and fuel ratio of the coals of the Doddridge-Harrison area. The coals have been arranged therein in descending order from the Washington bed of the Dunkard series down to what appears to be the Lower Mercer vein of the Pottsville measures. For explanations concerning the tabluated results, the reader is referred to pages 565 and 615 and to the author’s preface: ANALYSES OF COALS IN DODDRIDGE AND HARRISON COUNTIES. (Under the heading ‘'Condition of Sample” “A. D.” air dried, and “A. R.” as received). !lO 05 O 00 rH CO O •qsy + tiaSixo H ^ r 1 ^ => <=> Aq papiAip noqjBor 0 M M M ** M ” ^KMCOCDCOOOOO^OOMM !fl CO » l> » » » CO cm CO 5 ©'cMLOLr 5 corHTHLOLdLOLO O CM CM rH TH ^ H H C-. LO LO LO LO LO LO OO n io o '(boo jo ‘qi x *t°J w hooqo TL 'lL '9 pajBinoiBO ^ S cm cm ® •IBOO jo-qu joj |o0 ^ 10 ^ t ~ •n *x 'a JajaxnuoiBO A M H » ^ O Tj< |> lO M M N N 05 OO rH NMHt-NOOWMiKM CO O N ©C-OOiH'^TtiLOHtO'^ 1 cm cm cm co co 05 oo oi to to o 05 00 ® N n m ^Hcoroeoeoco^coeoeo H_H rH r-i rH rH rH rH i-H rH HHHH "05 rH (P 5 o “«0 Hffl'i'MCOOt-NM rH CO O c» CTs< 5 i | ^ 5 T: ^ r f‘'+' TH?£,COI> ’ OO rH -H CO 35 1 “H 0 > ^3 OO 1 “H 05 35 35 CM CM CM •noSojjiM o •naS^xo t— I 35 i—l* O LO 05 cm co o' 05 * OO CM 05 O O* r-i lO C— 00 © 05 '(M05 0 ooCMt-rHOOCOeOOOt-CO© 05 05 05 Q 5 CM O rH rH i—l i—l rH rH rH rH OOO © 1— 1 1— 1 1— 1 1—1 ' 1 -H I 1—1 i—l 1—1 rH 1—1 'OJ N H Xo" Ht'NOOOO^^t'J eo o c- eo m c- rH 00 c~; © rH © 05 06 05* 06 t-L 0 0005 LOo 6 o 60500000 M N 10 N o 00 SO CO lO 05 00 tH- tH- CO H MMCOM't i—l i—l i— I i—l 1— I *lO N 05 O 00 co rH rH co rr o 05 t- CO H Tf N M M 00 00 CO CO © uaSoap^H I 30 . •noqjBO j 30 . CO CO CO rH* rH CM © 05 O CO 05 CO CO 05 LO LO OO N CD N 05 OO (M N W iJJ OO N_ lo co LO* P oo lo' -to Lfl to ■ch o '^“O l> LO C- Lfl lO 00 X) O it< 55 LO CM i—l OO i—l r— I CO LO OO 55 rH* t-’ 05* 1-i LO LO 00* tH-* 00’ CH-’ © IH- IH- 00 t— IH- tH- tH- tH- tn- o d 3 o 3-° o o p .mqclins ^ CO CO rH co eo tH- Lfl T— I I> CO rH rH rH* ‘W-- ” r — I 00 CM rH tH- CO CO rH CO CM rH 50 c- 00 © © © o © © 05 P CM* CM rH* H CO CO H tH r-i rH "co”0 tH- rH rH © © tH- LO 05 05 OO LO 00 CO i-H tH l> CQ ed_ CO 05 p CM* p rH* CO* CO* CO* rH* rH* LO* rH IH- CM H CO rH H Cd 00 00 O _LO lO* -ifi rH* LQ 05 Cd 05 CO LO O rH LO 05 t- t-* O CO* LO 00* tH- C- tH- C- tH- "rH Cd Od 35 Cd Od Od rH O ^ eg N* co m eg "rH 00 O rH rH O 05 00 05 co* co t— tn- co Od rH CO tH- 00 CO snjoqclsoqj o o o o o 0 0 0*00 •uoqjBQ paxx,£ •J 0 JJBH einBlOA •ajnjsiOH •eiduiBS jo noijipnoo PS Ph Oh PC| < < o o> o o o o o d d o LO 00 CO rH o rH rH* d 05 LO CO LO CO rH CM tH- CO LO CO rH 05 rH CO LO* CO CO rH 05 rH LO CO 05 CO tH; 05 CO OO 05 05 CO CO CO rH CM CO LO CM CO CO CO IH- O LO 05 LO CO CO 50 CO CO CO O 00 rH OO 05 00 d o CO o IH- rH O rH* 00 05 LO 05 IH tH-_ O rH* O PdfcjPd pj Pd Pd Pd Q P cd P Pd A Pd a> • : : m m : : :pp : SU C i=l ° ° O O O bfl bX} &C bfi bfl B B B .S B B'B'B'B 3 t n tji vx & in cd cd o3 & d a a ^ ^ ^ OOO H-> +J -H a ri rt o o o ’S ’3 ’3 P P P d . o . Si m g • cd PO a 5 ‘o' | x>ooa)oood3 cd OOO ppp d d fl d d pj o o o o o o o to K ffi M lfl III W CC «2 tjrttdiSniniBifljj) pq |p^ d d o o CO Cfl O O d d o o Id p 3 p d d d d &c v v P P b ppo^oPPPP^ o o P P d d O O P P CG CG d d o o d d o o u u a a Vi V ^ O ® o d d u d 05 05 fe rH rH . . d O O d £ Z g> CG* CG 2 d d § OOP P P & dBiM no om 0 uii\r cm eo co CO CO tH- 00 05 O O H rH CO CO CO ANALYSES OF COALS IN DODDRIDGE AND HARRISON COUNTIES. (Under the heading “Condition of Sample” “A. D.”=air dried, and “A. R.”=as received). •qsy + uaSXxo iCq popiAip noqj^o ■\uoo jo -qt x joj £L \L 'a paj’Binoi'BD I^oo jo qi x joj £1 \L '3 aajauiuoxBO •uoSojjijsi 05 05 T— ( -=ti rM l>- t- LO LO LO eg rH 05 rH rM CO ® CO rM 00 o- o 00 M ® eg OO ZD' eg ® 05 05 CO a CO eg ® CO 05 Ld CO ZD' lO LO LO LO LO •'f a a LO a LO LO LO LO a a a a ZD a cn CO 05 o 00 eg CO LO 00 LO CO CO CO rH 00 oo ® rM cd" CD CO CD t- L— ® CO ® o CO t- eg t- LO o 00 LO LO CO rH ® CD eg t- LO o l>- CO 05 oo 00 ZD CO rH co LO LO rH t— LO rH 05 00 05 00 rM 05 CO CO CO CO co no CO CO CO CO CO CO CO CO CO CO CO CO CO CO rH CO rH tH rH rH rH 1 — 1 _rH rH rM rM rM rM 1— 1 rH rH rH rM rH rH rM rM rH 00 T— ! L"- ® CO c— 05 a - rH "® "co ’cd" "cd" "eg 00 "® t=“ eg rH cd" a - eg" a - TO eg eg CO LO eg rH CO LO 05 OO CO rH O 05 CD ® CD rH ® co rH ® ® 05 05 oo C5 D- CO CO LO t- CO CO CO t- CD rM 05 rM o eg O T)H CO CO CO CO CO CO CO CO CO co CO CO CO co CO rH CO rH rH rH rH t-H tH rH rH rH rH rH rH rH rH rH rH rM rH rH rM rH rM rM rM rM rH CO CO CO CO CO CO rH ’o "o a "lo io a *a a rH dT 00 rH 05 rH CO CO CO CO ■^1 CO CO O o eg eg cq CO CO CO CO CO CO rH CO rH T— 1 i-H rH rH rH a a rH a a rH rM rH rH a a a a rM a rH rH CO y—\ CO LO o ® , — i LO ZD 05 05 00 LO rH tH- ® rM CO eg CO Cr rH t- OO CO rH LO CO oo Cc; 00 05 eg CO LO O eg 00 CD eg o eg ® o CO 00 oo 00 00 05 OO 05 cd a a 00 CO CO a OO a a a 06 a a 05 ® t>- o CO eg eg O 05 eg CO CO oo ® rH ZD CO 00 * 05 ISO CO eg ® CM eg eg CO ® rH 05 ® OO 05 05 o 05

- c-_ LO eg rH CO LO CO 00 eg 05 rH CD 00 CD 00* ID LO* ZD ZD a ZD a CO* io" LO* LO a LO LO LO id a ZD 00 a a OO t- tr~ t>- t~ t— c— IC- Cc- l>- tc- o- t- o- t- _tr- tH- IC- t>- t> t- t>- t- O "® "oo cT T— 1 a ’co" eg~ ’oo a *50 a 'oo a rH a "o" a od" tr— 'ZD "a~ O LO a ZD. CO 00 00 t> CO. ZD CO a a eg eg CD CD eg rM 05 05 O o c4 eg eg tH a o’ o eg eg oi CO cd cd a a a a a a rM rH a rM LO 05 t>- CO CO ■^1 co eg co o 00 O ® 00 t— -r-l 05 CO C— rH 05 eg 00 r— 1 O co CO eg rH LO Hjl 05 05 a a 05 00 a a CO CO o O OO 00 CO a [ - CO cd cd cd a tc- c- a a a a a ZD cd id a ZD ZD rH rH r— l CO CO rH ^_i i— i rH t- t- Oi 05 ,_i rH rH eg eg 00 00 j—i a" ZD "cd" T— 1 CO CO CO CO eg eg T— 1 rM tH rM CO CO rH a , — i rH CO CO CO CO eg eg o o ® ® ® ® ® ® O O O o ® O ® ®

o O ® O ® o ® o _® ® ® o ® _o ® o cd _o o o _® ® ® ® o* ®_ ® ® o’ 05 00 "® "co ’co tH "oo CO 05 rH ’oo LO 05 ® ~05 "eo rM CD rM LO 00 C'- G> lo eg 05 CO a LO LO l> (M 05 oo eg rM 05 eg 00 CD O rM LO CO rH a LO LO id LO a cd a co eg rM rH rH a ® a rH a a ZD LO 05 OO LO _LO LO LO LO LO LO LO LO LO LO LO lO LO LO LO LO LO uO LO LO LO LO CO t— 1 eg CO T— 1 ® 00 CO O CO o t- OO LO 05 LO t- 05 eg 00 rH LO LO CO CO a LO ® eg CO rM O CO eg CO eg a O rM L- 00 LO o LO a cd cd cd cd LO LO a cd 05* 05 05* 05 <® ® ® O a a ZD ZD a a CO CO CO CO CO CO CO CO co CO CO CO CO rH rH rH rH CO CO CO CO CO CO cq eg ® 00 T— 1 05 c— rM rM ’o eg rH rH CO t- 05 t- LO rH CO eg LO L— LO t>- a t- CO t- eg t- rM c- rH ® rH CO 00 tH- CD OO' 00 05 05 CD_ rH a_ _®’ 1— 1 ® a ®" eg ® eg o’ t-H rM eg o O O a o* a ® a o’ a •UOSiCXQ •uaSoap^H •uoqj^o o a S o o o o ^ •jnqdins •qsy •snJoqcTsoqj •uoqji?o paxi^ ®ia^I 0 A •ojnjsiox\[ aidra^s: jo uoijipnoQ uo -on auiH C*5 p Q pS P Q p$ P rt Q Q P p$ Q <1 +J Ph Plh Ph Pm Ph Oi Pn Pm Ph Pm Oh Ph Ph P-i P-i Ph Ph a a a be fcxc bJO J-H U bn a a a 03 CD 02 Ph Pm Pm ddddddddddddddd dd ooooooooooooooo oo CD CD CD ID CD CD o: O! 02 M M CD ID CD 02 CD CD 'a *a ’£ *s *e *£ 'a - a *£ ’a *£ ’a *£ Jh Sh ddddddddddddddd dd d d d ddd a a a a ffl ffi a a ffi a a a a a ffi aa a a a aaa d d d d d o o o o o U2 02 02 02 02 ’5h ’fH ’bl *E !h fH Sh m- d d d d d ^ a> aa o o ^ 'g d d r 9 £ £ aa S o o -££ S 2 m »Hw.e d d a o §° « W) d 0) 02 d d 5 « d rt1 “ £ o aa W), £ :£ :£ :£ a a d d z! d d o a kH d d ^ a a rM rH £2 ® cc in a 5 ^ cd cd 10 V? cd to ^ 2 5 o’ o’ o’ o 6 6 o’ ztDcfiaiiaoiciiMtfiM ~ddddddddd aooooooooo sooooouooo eg d -S ®' r d *§ 02 £ d % o d o a q CO CO ^ CO CO a 6 6 §zz ^ CD CD d d d o ° aoo N tSJ o o o o a a o o a a to* to* d d o o O O a . § o T3 eg eg . a . o a . d d ^ > d o O *d o U . , 'd • a| d d d d bn . d Cfi bfi d ? ? OO ft t-< o : o d ° ^ ^hhh • co to ■ d • 6 o /aa d d cd b ID CD .ddd d O O > O O OO'MirJiinwcCiCOOt^OOOOoi ngs) ANALYSES OF COALS IN DODDRIDGE AND HARRISON COUNTIES. (Under the heading “Condition of Sample” “A. D.” air dried, and “A. R.”= as received). ■qsy uaS.txo ® n n P LO LO LO CO Aq papjAip noqjBQ '[boo jo -qi i joj |Sh5S® TL \L 3 pajB[no[BO ^ 5 w 3 n H O N O M ■[BOO JO 'qi T JOI M OJ5 H (M ■Ji 'a -IOJOinUOIBO rH rH rH rH rH 'NO35 00 ® •uaSojji^ rH ^,»mo 'c — 00 c- o o •TTP>Sa Y/-> ^ ® °°. T naSAXQ co 00 00 05 00 uaSoap^H R ^ 5 5 2 r 1J IlO LO lO -O IlO [>* i-H OO l>- r— i CZ> ^ LTD |>- •noqjBol2S2e--5 joo tH- tH- tH- Ih- « o s-^ o o joO t- rH 00 C~ .mudms : x . °° "2 *2 ^ O O O O t-H •qsy snjoqdsoqj •noqjBQ paxijj •JOjjBK ©m-BIOA U3 lO lO lO ^ 1— I 1— I T— I T— I O Ct 03 O O O O O OO P CO P~"00 P 05 00 rH CD O 05 T|i N l> LO LO LO LO LO rjt cq c— os oo Cd tH- CO 05 05 05 00 CD LO CD CO CO CO CO CO rH 1> H CO CO rH tH- 00 00 05 P* rH o' rH O Q P3 Q P$ P5 '(MlMNMNN tO ID tO IB ^ Li d d d d W O O O O O ,d UUOUb'a! LO LO tH- PUJOfq^<#00HH , !H(DOt'N00 tO r-i rH H SC N M D LO H ^ N l> LO X) rH —I 00 LO LO LO IfltOLOLO^lOtOlOlOLOlOlOLOLOTlH OO 05 LOM(M , >lOC-00' - ioO l OCOCO tH- U5DC'OlOoO l ®tC)lOOO<»DOO^cO CO MMMCOMmMMCOCOMCOMMM LO 05 CO 05 r- I 05 00 t— I r ICO CO CD 05 COt-MCCHos^^itOMCD^HtOlfl 00 CD CD mo00030ooC-®iOh®3lXt>ce CO CO CO CO CO CO CO CO CO CO CO CO CO CO CO CO CO CO rH Cl CD LO SO H ICDLO®OOrHrH05 05C£>rtirHP CO CO t-H H(MOIHHiMHHHNNlNV* 00 «) 00 ^ M CC I> CO CO 1> M IH 00 r- 1 00 05 IOD>DTfL-HMl01000®MD50 OO 00 tH- 00 T— I Cd 05 P 05 P - t- M oo P H to ® rH rH rH 1.0 uO -rH LO to LO LO T»H ^1 "oo” CO CD Ot-COHOd Cd i o'ccT'^ - ic- c^t- Cd Cd LO CD HfT ® H . H , H Tjt Cd ^ Cd t> H l> o q P LO CD LOt'-CDCOLO|'^CDc©io"lC-CDt-C'-CDLO tn- t-_ to t— c—» c— tr— L— L— tr-~ tr— tc-~ tr— t-» t>» L— t— c— 00 t-H C— LO H LO Cd CD - CO O^f^ - L'- LO 05 t- ^ H P Lfit>t-HHtO®l>I>ffd(N't |, ^C | 0C0 CO CO* CO CO* Cd Cd CO CO Cd" Od TO CO* CO CO Cd" > ^ cd o o o O ^ r-H Id cd o O O U ao cd tj d o.2 fc z o O • • o O O O r-H o a cd r zl O r- 1 >— I Cd n d cd O u o o o ^ O U d r* rH Jr Sr o Q 0 0 o .2 bfl bfi o cd ^ ^ ^ ^3 CO CG Ph O 6 O O cd cd o o OO o o o S S °° P. cd cd ^ Q 0 0 cd cd H_> ->H O o rnffitBOO 0 P +j +j 0 0 o O Ml rrt ft ft 2 !2 d a3 Ph tu -2 ,d ^ S 2 S 2 ® O -H -H H oS 73 2 o ft ^ 'd o d O rQ 0 0 cd 0 0 o CL, P6 Ph t-J J CQ W 00 DDOPHHCdNCOM^rHlfllO OdOdOOCOOOCOCOCOOOCOOOCOeOCO ANALYSES OF COALS IN DODDRIDGE AND HARRISON COUNTIES, (Under the heading “Condition of Sample” “A. D.”=air dried, and “A. R.”=as received). •qsy + tieg-cxo Xq popiAip uoqjno lOfMTfiCO O ^ N co 55 00 10 <31 ?s [- fq t- ^ c N M W O <31 M M H ffl N ^ (O 00 10 in w rh uououoloPP lo" tdif5iduo>dif5id coiolouoP ‘I'boo jo 'qi I joj TL 'X 9 pej^inoino O 00 O ^ LO CO Ol ^ 00 C~ CO t>- Tf t> oa 1- 1 ox 0- OO t>- (— > XO 00 ost^t^-co LO 00 O .—I 00 CO CO ^ <0 O HCO N M ^ H 0 <35 ^ t— C- t>- LO to 10 O ffi H H 05 l> LO in I> CO 05 f <35 00 00 CD LO CO CO CO <30 CO CO CO CO CO CO 00 CO CO M M M M CO CO co CO CO 1 H rl tH H rl H h i-I H 1— 1 rH rH ^-1 ^ tH rl 1— I IB 00 jo *qi x joj ■£L 'X 'B aajorauoiBO HHCOHCOLOINO cToT OO 00 LO Lo"PT 00 OO LO CO H OtT 05 I>-C 0 00 00 00 co cd cd O N |> O LO CO 00 ^ 05 05 t— cdcd 03 l>HTf 05 00 L 0 HOtfi C— 'fNLOCOOOffqCOOCOcO'fN CO M o ^ to cq O CO rH <3) t - LO ©_ tO ■rf H OX O C— CO CO 05 CD CO CD 05 © 050000 © 05 00odldLd 00 oooxoxoioo'tr-x&oxoxcoooocoi COCOCOCOCOCOCOCOCOCOCO CO CO CO CO CO CO CO CO CO CO CO co CO Tf •0jnjsioj\[ -t_>.L_>-H>-H>-H>-t->-l->-lH 4 ->-|J.fcJ.M -M-M+J-H , + j -|_>-M+J-l-> + jh-> +J -l-l+J-p+J-P+J-W+J^+^+J+J+J Pk Pk p Pk p P P P P p p P P P P P P P P P P P p P p ooocooooo oo EOlffltDtOaiffiffitD TJX ux ‘E *E '£ *W 'E ‘E 'E 'pi 'E ’E 'E cdctscdctsosojascacts ctf as KMW^KSWWffi MW 2 2 2 2 a 222222222 o OOOOOOOOOOOOO XIX XIX XIXXIXXIXXIXXIXXIXXIXXJXXIXXIXXIXXIX 'E ‘E 'E 'E 'E 'E 'E 'E *E 'E *E 'E 'E 'E as cacscJcsaicdojaiwaiKsscci ffi MWWWWWWWWWMWW o o Q O o a> P P o o O U *2 -O 2 2 aS ctS cd cd O o U Q o o Sh Sh CD (U o w* -° XIX XIX _ £8i§ C5 O 'So w W^Q XIX H h h g NN 35 cd P 6 6 ^ . . . o XIX XIX XIX 'O cflsS O O O cd UDOP P P o o o o Sh Sh o £ £ O £ £ o o M-dt) cd cd cd O o 0 ^SS 33 w w 3 10 io ,2 LO LO 4 , 6 6 £ XIX XIX 2 2 2 cd O O POO O cd cd o o V o 23 23 cd cd

a? 325060 w ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ XIX XIX XIX JO ux XIX 2 33 c £ Pi C O O O o o o OOOUQO CC©M>OOOC500 OOrH COCOMCOCOCOCO^^ ANALYSES OF COALS IN DODDRIDGE AND HARRISON COUNTIES. (Under the heading “Condition of Sample” “A. D.”=air dried, and “A. R.”=as received) Xq papiAip iioqjeo "IBOO jo -qi i joj XI - J, a pej^inoiBO co CM tH 05 uo in 05 CO l- uo o LO o rH 05 HJ< CO 45 rH 05 f- 45 UO o 00 HP M 50 55 UO © ■O rH Ti« uo uO UO UO Tin uo uo uo uo’ uo UO UO UO UO 00 i-H T— 1 05 o- 05 rH 05 05 CO CO CO ^ o 1— 1 rH tH 45 00 CO CO 05 IH 00 o CO CO 05 CO o CM UO 05 O 05 00 O 05 co co CO tH CO CD CO 00 CO tH LO co 50 50 50 CO CO CO CO CO CO 50 CO 50 CO CO CO co •IBOO jo qi x joj TL 'Ju 'a JajauiuoiBO £ S S ^ m CD ^ M O h ^ © LOiO^OXlNHOlOO ■' th co co 05 © X) © O ^ 30 CD lO 50 co 50 H 05 00 tH ih oo co C30 05 C- iH LO CO CO CO CO Ultimate. •uoSojjin: ClHOXt-aSDOOO (M rH © ©©00 © Hf LO co ONNOOOOOO © © rH © CM 53 l-J rH r- tH rHrHrHrHHrHrHr- IrH © © rH H H H H H H H •uaSiCxo UOC^CO©^©^^^ © tH UO CO 50 O H tH CO © H©tHCOCO©LCOrHCO -Hn 00 00 rH©CO 05 03 00 |> tH <50* 00* t~“" 00 CO CO 00 OO oc* 00 UO CO CO tH tH 00 CO IH •uaSojp^H ©©rHM©©50^tH rH Tf (M tH LO X ©50© CO ©UOCOCOCOrHrHO© t> o’ o o’ d 05 05 © <© © ©<©©© ©©©© rHCOCOrH^rHrHCOCOcO rH OO COrHrHrH rHOOCOcC •ajnjsiojv; CMCO©©rHCMcO©tHH IH rH 00 ©©LOCO UOtOOCM rH tH UO 00 tH © © UO © © UO © OO CM CD 00 CMUOCOrH HOHOridriHriH © rH* rH* rH © © © O tH O H atdmng jo uoijipnoQ X P Q Q rt Q Ph‘ Q Q Pi Q pi dpi dpi dpi •<5 <5 <5 ^ o CM a 0-3 z d • £3 M 5 o o oo dBj\[ 0> 44 o o a> cu o o o . . cd^ a . . o M KJ t-i cd cd o So o o as §i § o o § rt cd cd cd cd £ O O s ooK , ^o 'aT S 44 > c3 2 o o ’ c E< JZj w rr* ^ F T3 O H3 cd w cd 44 Eh O 1 t 4 cd 2 '^H C5 n; tf -o ' cd 44 co a ■§£ cd . « s w o O o o >> >> 55 55 k*> O © — ' £ o £ r-H (T) Qj ?-< a £ £ £

dcdtOi£j LO LO O LO lO cTOi 50 CO w ’oo ,h" NOOO^lNHHMHCOlOM Ot'fflt-fflOOKlHOHWt- MMMMCOcOCO^ H ^'^MfO _i— I tH t — ! t— I i—l r-l tH T— I t— I i— I rH i — 1 J 1 Oi LO I> lO W~ WOt- oT LO OO OJMWffiTMjOCOOMH'tlO 0300 l>Om 00 XHOH ®00 _iH rH rH tH t ~H t— I rH rH r~l rH rH tH CO 00 t- ^TpO rH rH 50 LOTlO~ CO ZD W^^MMMMNWWNn CO rH OO OO t— W C— O W W 50 C 5 HI>OI>M®W t ff)WNO 00 OO 00 00 * OO* CO* 50 50 ZD t- 00 C— 00 W LO O tD H if ® O LO O 00 CO w M O H Q H 31 35 Ifl to w N H _LO LO LO LO LO LO rH rH_rH_rH LO LO LO* oo oo os lo oo w zd ~ co lo lo ^Too W HOH;tJ< 00 00 L0®05HHHh t— t— t— 50 CO LO CO 50 © 05 OO t— LO t— t— C— t- t— t- t- C— oo t— L— t— t- rH W rl 05 rl 05 C0~ W 05 t— 05 50 05 W W 05 00 t- CO H rH W W rH rH 00 W w rH rH W* W CO CO W* W W* W CO CO 05 CO rH co ’oo rFrH rH O CO CO CO W rH rH LO LO CO 50 CO 50 t— t— C 000 rHrH© 5 O©CCrH _ ' ' “ ■ rH O t- 50 CO LO LO LO LO t— 05 CO 50 05 05 CO 50 W W WMMHHHHHH o o o o ©_ o o o © _©' © o o o' © o © o' l-H rH 50 rH ZD VT t- CO LO © rH © OO W CO O 05 rH co co lo w' w’ LO LO CO co’ lololococololololo LO LO ZD CO CO W © © © © © © 50 O H oooo CO 50 © LO lo LO LO CO © © CO oo CO © co LO CO rH rH ©' rH' CO 50 © © CO CO rH CO © rH © LO 05 00 rH 50 rH C— 50 tH CO CO rH 05~rH O CO 50 rH © Pi P Pi P pp'ptfpp2pP^Pp^PP4P <3 < a> ~ ^ ^ V ^ • o • O 1 ° ' o ' rt'Ccd'^cdS^S^ ^ ^ •- r d|>xjt> r (3f >r dd^ r cd cd ^ — ' cd ' — ' cd ' ^ cd ' / cd o o O O 3 g S g cd o cd o cqgfflg S £ Ph Ph 3 3 d w w S Ph ^ Ph lo lo cd w ca ww w & £ 3 3 «? cd O 05 CP r-v cd ^ .fa O CP O 3s w cd ^ d o a id o o o o S S cd cd Ph Ph O fl ^05050000^ 05 W W ^ <-N LO LO 03 d o" o’^ cd 02 oo cd -£ d d d d o o o cp u o o o cd • o • o : 6 O o o ££££ CO CO CO CO d d d fl o o o o O O O O O cd d U 05 a § 05 .iP o > LO LO ZD © C— t— OO OO © © © ©©©©5©©CC>©5£>©t>* ANALYSES OF COALS IN DODDRIDGE AND HARRISON COUNTIES. (Under the heading “Condition of Sample’' “A. D.”=air dried, and “A. R.”=^as received). •qsy + U02 axo X q papTA.jp uoq.n?o *lBoa jo -qi i joj XI \L a pej'Binoi'BQ H 05 L— i-i ro H 10 Tji 10 WlflU 5 U 5 U 5 U 5 lOlO©iOlOlOlflU 5 lflU 510 Win •IBOO jo -qi i .ioj ' ll 'X ‘8 JOjarauoiBO O 1-H 00 <30 H O Of Of ^ CO t- oq (05 00 ^ h oo ^ •U 0 .BOJJIX •uaSiCxo •uaSojp^H •uoqjBO Common to both. -.mqdins •qsy Proximate. snjoqdsoqd •uoq.iBO poxiji •jajjBH oiijbioa •ojnjsioj\[ •aicTraBS jo uoijipuoo 00 O LO LO 00 H 05 H P OOt>lOH{OJ)K5il• MrOMMMMWMiJiMMC'ONWMMCOCOM _H rH rH r I i— I rH H rH rH rH I rH T — I r- 1 H H H i — I rH 05 05 05 05 H Tf* uO H CO tO 05 00~ O 00 H Ph~ H CO H H H CO CO M ?5_ N N H H (M (M CO 05 H Tf H H 05 _H H H H H H rH H H H H H H H rH H H H Q _ H~H 00~ t- 00 ~CO OcTlO 00 H C— O ®W l> to t-’ to* LO* LO 50 LO LO T— t— t—C— t— C— t— t— t— 1H t>t- ~to~ 05 O 05 t— tO <05 05 H H 05 O t— Kt 1 t~ CO ^ 50 O 05 H 05 OO LO CO ro H H 05 05 O- !>■_ CO CO H H ^ OO to LO CO 05 00 05 CO* CO* 05 05* 05* 05* 05 05 CO CO* 05 05 05* 05* CO CO CO CO* rji t— 00 50 <© <05 05 30 05 05 H 50 GO tcT LO 00 <05 t— t— CO CO LO t— E"^ © 05 H H CO 05 rl © t— Ih- 50 LO 05 05 CO CO CO LdcdcdcdLdLdLdLdto’cdcdLdtd^Ldcdcdcdcoco to T— 05 H O O © © LO 05 05 O O © O o* o o 05 05 o o 05 05 05 05 05 05 05 05 © o © o 0 0 0 * 0 * 00 05 H CO t- IH 05 00 I— t— t-* t— LO LO LO LO LO LO H 05 © O o’ © LO 00 L- 05 CO* LO* LO LO LO 00 00 CM 05 05 °oo o’ © o t— T 05 05 OO 05 05 LO P P LO LO tO © O O* © LO LO rf 05 05 CO © O © © © Q to 00 to H 00 C— H* CO* rH* tO LO LO 05 OO O t> CO tO CO CO tO H CO LO H CO t- t— LO* LO IO* LO CO CO CO CO CO CO c— > Sh fn u 2 2 -2 n m W 2 £ v Cd 02 02 02 02 a a a 2 o o o o O O O O os OS w o o _ 00 2 o pp a o CCS CCS •s P « “ «2 O b ^ S-, 5 JS >» rbCj o o Ph Ph 02 02 t— © .cq © TjH H ^ IH 00 © ©. ©. LO l—. C- cq N ©. Tf c- © LO 'H* LO LO rH ^ 00 T)i Tji CO H ci CO CO CO TtH •IBOD jo *qi i joj 11 \L B paj^inoiBO a Hi N CO O M on Z^~r-I ^ |> H On CO rH LO rooooon rfi t- co o, cq t— -^ © to © to ^ o co no to io in 35 r- i^aiOffioi o on r- c-- rtirococo o CO M CO S CO CJ o H CO cq CO CO rH r- 1 H rH rH r— 1 t — 1 rH _j rH rH rH rH rH rH rH *I«oo jo -qi x joj TL ’A '9 JajoraiJOiBD on lo rH o cq cq C'- m rr in co oo o lo on to on lOHHO tn- cot- H-ncooq-^on o co on to- on co on no LO LO 05 HI . H M H N rH On On On cocococo o co m co ij; CO O H N CO cq CO CO H H H H r- 1 rH H i— l^,rHrHrHrH rH rH rH rH Ultimate. •ueSojjiM on H 1 M o c— no rH rH N ^NOHH rH. rH rH rH H ri H rH rH H H rH JrHrHrHrH rH rH rH rH •uaSdxo o on o hi rH rHO cq rz~o on oo t- o rH cq T|H onco-HirH on rfio no^oncoTtitr- oo on co -h- 1 tH- rH tT— 00 LO tC— LO O .'O H H LO CO CO © rH _ W NHH •neSojp^H CO 00 rH CO CO rl C- rH ro~00 Cq rtl LO LO CO H co oo o o © ©. co. no ^ rH. oo © oo on an LO lo’ LO LO -HI _ LO* Tt* -HI V •uoqjno co co io h oo t-co cq © co oo co no c- co ^t 1 c- cq co ® co io lo oo £; © -^ oo cq on © to lo LO cq’ © CO cd r(i © cq ^ rH © cd 00 rH rH to to c— c- c— C- LO C-* t— •t'- 1^. O IO to CO t— t- tn- c— Common to both. •jnqdins O O io HI cq LO 00 rH -HT'LO C— © Cq © © CO io rf an on cq © oo ©. ^5 ©. co co 00. rti rn © © cd cd cq cq 06 hi d co ^ hi’ h ri cq cq cq* rH rH •qsy CO©©© to ©rH cq ~^“© © 00 © cq rH © © ©©CO© rf! tT— cq coJ^©co©co 00. © © 00 LO LO to tO rji cq’ H O IN N H ri CO* CO On ©’ cq rH H H H rl H H rH rH Proximate. snjoqdsoqa L— © CO CO 00 © Tf CqOOrtlOO©© © © © © cq cq cq cq rti H H CO © CO CO co co CO CO rH rH © © © © © ©© ©©©©©© © © © © © © © © © © © ©©©©©© © © © ©’ uoqjUQ poxij © © t>- co co cocq 00 cj co 00 00 co ,-h n 00 © 00 00 0 ©id © ©’ lo cq id t— t—’ © an COCOCOCO CO coco CO CO CO CO CO « co co co co ©LOOOOO LO rH 'HI © LO rH rH © © 00 -Hi LO t- LO©t>;© cq ©© t>-. on 00. © © rH t-H rH rf LO rH©©r-i r-i r-i© © © © t- LO CO © r-i © © eidmng jo uoijipuoo A. D. A. R. |A. D. [A. R. A. R. 1 A. R. A. R. A. R. A. R. A. R. A. R. A. R. |A. R. A. D. A. R. A. D. [A. R. Horizon. Pittsburgh Pittsburgh Pittsburgh Pittsburgh Little Clarksburg (West Milford (Hennen) j West Milford (Reger) Harlem Harlem Harlem [Harlem Harlem [Harlem |Upper Kittanning.... |Upper Kittanning f ! ILower Mercer? |Lower Mercer? County. Harrison . Harrison . Harrison . Harrison . Harrison . Harrison . Harrison . Harrison . Harrison . Harrison . Harrison . Harrison . Harrison . Harrison . Harrison . Harrison . Harrison . Mine. Clarksburg Gas Coal Co Clarksburg Gas Coal Co Average Average Gore Heirs G. W. Moffett G. W. Moffett |J. I. Brohard B. & 0. R. R Cornell and Lang Isaac Maxwell Isaac Maxwell Average W. M. Gray No. 1, oil well (625) W. M. Gray No. 1, oil well (625) W. M. Gray No. 1, oil well 1 (625) |W. M. Gray No. 1, oil well | (625) dun no ox[ ouiH Hi LO to tO t— O0 © © rH 00 00 00 OO 00 000000©© WEST VIRGINIA GEOLOGICAL SURVEY 641 Page reference to detailed description and section of coal mines listed in preceding table. Map No. Labora- tory | No. 1 | 450-H 9 j 460-H 3 452-Hand 453-H 4 ( 461-H 5 462-H 6 472-H and 472-H (A) 7 473-H 8 480-H 9 523-H 10 524-H 11 522-H 12 510-H 13 531-H 13A 706-H 14 532-H 15 533-H 16 516-H 17 517-H 18 538-H 19 505-H 20 537-H 21 536-H 22 512-H 23 511-H 24 556-H and 552-H 25 555-H 26 457-H 27 553-H 28 552-H 29 503-H 30 504-H 31 509-H 32 508-H 33 507-H 34 506-H 35 513-H 36 535-H 37 534-H 38 Bull. II, p. 326 39 499-H 40 545-H and 546-H 41 500-H 42 501-H 43 502-H 44 518-H Name of Owner. !J. D. Benedum.. iR. M. Orr I |D. H. Nicholson |W. A. StuHer. . . (Alfred C. Collins |Page of | this Report. I 160 | 161 | 165 | 189 I 190 L. P. Loudin [Gary Harris | James McIntyre | Clarksburg Gas Coal Co (High Grade Coal Co j Kroger Gale Coal Co | Marion Gas Coal Co (Consolidation Coal Co. No. 49 (Enterprise).. (Monongah Fuel Co (Consolidation Coal Co. No. 40 (Viropa) (Consolidation Coal Co. No. 66 (Riverdale) . . . (Consolidation Coal Co. No. 65 (Solon) Consolidation Coal Co. No. 51 (Ehlen) Consolidation Coal Co. No. 42 (Robinson Run) Haywood Coal Mining Co Consohdation Coal Co. No. 36 (Lucas) (Consolidation Coal Co. No. 54 (Pooz) (Virginia and Maryland Coal Corporation j (Willard No. 2) ^Virginia and Maryland Coal Corporation | (Willard No. 1) 207 209 211 571 572 572 578 579 579 580 581 580 581 582 582 583 583 584 584 (Consolidation Coal Co. No. 61 (Owings) . . . . | 585 (Conso’idation Coal Co. No. 32 (Owings) | 585 (J. R. Bartlett | 575 (Short Line Coal Co. (Girard No. 2, New| | opening) | 586 (Short Line Coal Co. (Girard No. 2, 01d| opening) | 586 (Fayette Coal Co | 587 National Coal Co | 587 (Swiger Coal Co | 588 iPeacock Coal Co | 588 (Rosebud Fuel Co j 589 (Lumberport Steam Coal Co ( 589 lBlue Ridge Coal Co | 590 (Hero Coal & Coke Co | 590 (Consolidation Coal Co. No. 21 (Gypsy) | 590 I I (Consolidation Coal Co. Maulsby) | 591 (Lambert Run Coal Co | 591 (Consolidation Coal Co. No. 55 (Meadow- \ brook) ( 592 (Cook Coal & Coke Co (Girard No. 1) | 592 (Harrison County Coal Co ( 593 (Hutchinson Coal Co. (Erie) | 593 jConsobdation Coal Co No. 33 (Globe) | 594 642 COAL Map No. Labora- tory No. 45 Bull. II, p. 326 46 548-H 47 549-H 48 539-H 49 515-H 50 498-H 51 497-H 52 496-H 53 Bull. II, p. 321 54 495-H 55 494-H 56 542-H 57 Bull. II, p. 321 58 None 59 None 60 540-H 61 541-H 62 491-Hand 492-H 63 493-H 64 514-H 65 | | 544-H 66 543-H 67 547-H 68 550-H 69 558-H 70 554-H 71 490-H 72 530-H 73 Bull. II, p. 321 74 529-H 75 528-H 76 527-H 77 525-H 78 551-H 79 526-H 80 519-H 81 521-H 82 520-H 83 481-H 84 | 523-H 85 J 478-H 86 474-H and 484-H 87 467-H 88 455-H 89 466-H 90 485-H 91 468-H 559-H and 560-H Name of Owner. [Page of | this |Report. [Consolidation Coal Co. (Glen Falls).. j 594 ] Consolidation Coal Co. No. 27 (Dunham) [ 594 | Consolidation Coal Co. No. 48 (Falls Run)...| 595 I Consolidation Coal Co. No. 62 (Perry No. 3).| 595 j Corona Coal & Coke Co j 596 jChas. T. Moore | 596 jO’Gara Coal Co | 597 ] Hutchinson Coal Co. (Delta) | 597 1 Consolidation Coal Co. (Reynoldsville) j 597 |Madeira-Hill-Clark Coal Co. (Chieftain) | 598 jMadeira-Hill-Clark Coal Co. (Randolph) | 598 ) Consolidation Coal Co. No. 35 (O’Neil No. 1)| 599 j Consolidation Coal Co. (O’Neil No. 2) | j Washington Coal Co j [Washington Coal Co J | Consolidation Coal Co. No. 50 (Perry No. 2). I I Consolidation Coal Co. No. 50 (Perry No. 1).| i i 1 Madeira-Hill-Clark Coal Co. (Waldo) | j Madeira-Hill-Clark Coal Co. (Goff) j [Fairmont and Baltimore Coal and Coke Co.| [Consolidation Coal Co. No. 25 (Pinnickin-| ] nick) [ I Consolidation Coal Co. No. 58 (Despard) . . . . { [Consolidation Coal Co. No. 29 (Columbia) ... | [Consolidation Coal Co. No. 52 (Ocean) | [Central Fairmont Coal Co | I Vincent Coal Co | [Barnard Coal Co | IHarry B. Coal & Coke Co (Pitcairn) | ! i [Consolidation Coal Co. No. 31 (Dixie) | [Consolidation Coal Co. No. 46 (Lynch) | [Consolidation Coal Co. No. 39 (Two Lick)... I [Marshall Coal Co j [Byron Coal Co ] [Consolidation Coal Co. No. 60 (West Fork)..| [Daniel Coal Co.. | [Hutchinson Coal Co. (Byron) [ [Consolidation Coal Co. No. 44 (Interstate 1 No. 1) | [Consolidation Coal Co. No. 64 (Interstate) } No. 2) [ [Jacob Post | [Clarksburg Gas Coal Co | [Gore Heirs | I I G. W. Moffett | |.J. I. Brohard | [Baltimore & Ohio Railroad cut j [Cornell and Lang | [Isaac Maxwell | [Isaac Maxwell | I I JW. M. Gray No. 1 Oil well (625) [ 599 599 599 600 599 600 601 601 602 603 603 604 607 608 608 609 610 610 611 611 612 612 613 613 614 614 576 615 233 246 256 257 258 261 260 620 CHAPTER X CLAYS, ROAD MATERIALS, BUILDING STONES, FORESTS AND CARBON BLACK. CLAYS AND CLAY INDUSTRY. In Vol. Ill of the. State Geological Survey reports may be found a general review of the clay industry in the State by G. P. Grimsley, along with a discussion of the origin, physical and chemical properties, and classification of clays and their uses, to which the reader is referred for such data * and the technology of the industry. In the Doddridge-Harrison area at this time there are two pottery and five brick plants, all located in Harrison county. There are many places in the two counties where the shales and alluvial clays could be used for brick manufacture. The location of these alluvial or old terrace clays are outlined on the economic geology map accompanying this report. Potteries. West Virginia Pottery Company. This plant is located in the town of Bridgeport. A brief account of its organization, pay roll and number of persons employed is given in connection with the industries of the latter place, page 27. G. P. Grimsley gives an interesting account of this establishment as it was running in 1905 on pages 161-162 of Vol. Ill of the State Survey reports. According to information furnished by G. B. Late, Supt., in February, 1912, this plant now manufactures a plain line of stone ware, principally jugs and jars. It has a capacity 644 CLAYS, ROAD MATERIALS, ETC. of 1400 gallons daily, which is disposed of to jobbers at about 4 cents a gallon. The old Sandusky clay pit near Bridgeport, as described by Mr. Grimsley, has been abandoned, and clay only from near Hardman, Taylor county, is used. According to Mr. Late, the Sandusky clay contained too much iron, causing the product to burn to an objectionable red color, being better adapted to the manufacture of building brick than stoneware. This company once opened a clay pit in the Clarksburg Fire Clay Shale on the ridge, 1.5 miles due north of Bridge- port, a full account of which along with an analysis of the clay is given on page 236. Although this clay was adapted to the manufacture of a fine grade, buff colored building and paving brick, yet it fused at too low a temperature for fire brick purposes. The clay was too plastic to manufacture stoneware, in that it required too long a time to wash and get rid of the water — taking 4 hours as against only 40 minutes for the Hardman clay. Natural gas is used for fuel and is furnished by a local company at the rate rate of 4 cents a thousand cubic feet. A. Radford Pottery Company. This plant is located a short distance east of Clarksburg in the town of Industrial, an account of which is given on page 19 in connection with the description of the industries of the former place. As will appear, none of the clay used is obtained in the Doddridge-Harrison area, but has been at- tracted to this place by the low price — 4 cents a thousand cubic feet — of natural gas. Part of the clay used, however, is obtained near Hardman, Taylor county. Transported Clays. In the vicinity of Salem, Harrison county, there occurs an irregular deposit of grayish white and rather plastic clay that appears to possess the required physical and chemical properties for pottery manufacturing purposes. In the writer’s judgment this clay is not residual, but transported MSPl PLATE XXII. High Grade Brick Company Pit, showing Coal, Clay and Shale, Clarksburg, WEST VIRGINIA GEOLOGICAL SURVEY 645 in comparatively recent time in a geologic sense. It is proba- bly an indirect effect of one of the great ice dams formed dur- ing the glacial period of the earth’s history. During this time a great ice sheet came down from the north and backed up the tributaries of the old Pittsburgh river, forming a great lake whose surface elevation reached about 1100 feet above pres- ent sea level — approximately the elevation of this clay deposit — and later subsided, leaving mute testimony of the fact along its old shore lines in the way of gravel, rounded boulders and pebbles, and deposits of grayish white clay along the valley walls of the Monogahela and Cheat rivers of this State. Ow- ing to the nature of the deposit, and the narrow valley at Salem, it is not probable that the clay occurs in sufficient quantity to be considered an important economic resource. In November, 1911, D. B. Reger visited this region and collected two samples of the clay for analysis, the composi- tion of which is reported by Prof. Hite as follows : Analyses of Clays Near Salem. No. 674-H Per cent. Silica (Si 0 2 ) 69.70 Ferric Iron (Fe 2 0 3 ) 4.74 Alumina (A1 2 0 3 ) 14.53 Lime (Ca 0) 0.58 Magnesia (Mg 0) 0.72 Sodium (Na 2 0) 0.95 Potassium (k 2 0) 2.65 Titanium (Ti 0 2 ) 0.64 Phosphoric Acid (P 2 0 5 ) 0.05 Moisture at 105° 1.62 Loss on ignition 3.78 No. 675-H Per cent . 68.36 3.42 17.33 0.10 1.36 0.33 2.65 0.48 0.16 1.06 5.35 Totals 99.96 100.60 Sample No. 674-H was collected from a town lot, mile northwest of the mouth of Jacobs run at Salem ; and No. 675-H, in the Baltimore & Ohio Railroad cut at the west edge of Industrial, close to the Doddridge-Harrison county line. At the point the first sample was taken, Mr. Reger reports a thickness of 4 feet of white clay without reaching bottom ; and at the latter point, 13 feet of white clay. He reports both at about the same elevation — 1080' to 1100' A. T. — and as having the appearance of old secondary creek deposits. 646 CLAYS, ROAD MATERIALS, ETC. The analyses show that the clay compares favorably with other oottery clays of the State, as will readily be observed from an examination of Table I, facing page 26 of Vol. Ill of the State Geological Survey reports. The clay appears suffi- ciently plastic to mould well, but it must be kept in mind that any clay must be worked into the finished product to de- termine its real worth. The writer collected another sample of this alluvial or transported clay along the hill road, 1.7 miles due west of Byron, Harrison county. Here, the deposit is grayish white in color, plastic, and 6 feet thick, coming at an elevation of 1060' A. T., aneroid The composition is reported by Prof. Hite as follows: Analysis of Clay, 1.7 Miles West of Byron. Per cent. Silica (Si 0 2 ) 82.20 Ferric Iron (Fe 2 0 3 ) 2.26 Alumina (A1 2 0 3 ) 6.88 Lime (Ca 0) 1-84 Magnesia (Mg 0) 0.58 Sodium (Na 2 0) 6.82 Potassium (k 2 0) 1.21 Titanium (Ti 0 2 ) 0.40 Phosphoric Acid (P 2 0 5 ) 0.84 Loss on ignition 8.62 Total 100.15 The results show the clay too high in silica and too low in alumina for pottery purposes, as will appear from an ex- amination of Table I in the reference above given. Owing to the lack of fine, high grade fire clays in the Dunkard, Monongahela and Conemaugh series, it is quite doubtful whether any of the residual clays that crop in the two coun- ties will ever prove a success in the manufacture of the dif- ferent kinds of pottery where high temperatures are required in their making. Brick Plants . The brick industry in the Doddridge-Harrison area is confined entirely to Harrison county. Only building and paving brick are manufactured. WEST VIRGINIA GEOLOGICAL SURVEY 647 Monticello Brick Company. The plant of the Monticello Brick Company is located one mile southwest of Clarksburg on the east bank of West Fork river. According to information furnished D. B. Reger by Frank L. Bennett, Manager, it was established in 1896, and employment is furnished for 16 men, the plant having a yearly output of %y 2 million building brick. Shale Pit. — Mr. Reger collected samples for analysis and measured the following section at the shale pit : Feet. River clay, yellowish 15 Shale, variegated, mostly red (Clarksburg) 15 Chemical Analysis. — Two samples, representing each formation, were collected, the composition of which is re- ported by Prof. Hite as follows : Silica (Si 0 2 ) Ferric Iron (Fe 2 0 3 ) .... Alumina (A1 2 0 3 ) Lime (Ca 0) Magnesia (Mg 0) Sodium (Na 2 0) Potassium (k 2 0) Titanium (Ti 0 2 ) Phosphoric Acid (P 2 0 3 ) Loss on ignition Totals River clay. Shale. Percent. Per cent. . . 76.18 51.20 10.78 7.98 12 46 1.24 6.04 0.76 1.12 0.77 1.63 1.59 4.46 0.22 0.02 0.53 4.19 11.31 99.75 The clay and shale are mixed, in the proportion, 1 part clay to 2 parts shale. The clay alone makes good brick, but shrinks too much in burning. The shale also makes good brick alone, but it has to be run first through a very fine sieve. G. P. Grimsley gives an interesting account of this plant on pages 247-248 of Vol. Ill of the State Geological Survey reports. Clarksburg High Grade Shale Brick Company. In addition to the last described plant using shales be- low the Pittsburgh coal, there is another that utilizes the 648 CLAYS, ROAD MATERIALS, ETC. shales immediately over the same coal in the Clarksburg region, an interesting account of which is published oh pages 250-252 of Vol. Ill of the State Survey reports. The Glen View Brick Company. The Glen View Brick Company, successor to the Glen Elk Brick Company, has its plant in the north edge of Clarks- burg. According to information furnished D. B. Reger by John Patton, Pres., the plant was established in 1900, and employment is furnished for 18 men, the concern having a yearly output of two to three million building and sidewalk brick. Shale Pit. — Mr. Reger measured the following section at the shale pit: Feet. 1. Clay 8 2. Shale, brown 4 3. Sandstone, shaly 3 4. Shale, dark gray 17 5. Coal, Redstone — 0.5 6. Shale 4 7. Limestone, Redstone 4 8. Shale, limy 14 9. Coal, Pittsburgh 10 Mr. Reger reports that formations Nos. 1 and 4 of the section are mixed in equal parts in making the brick. Chemical Analysis. — He also collected a sample for analysis from No. 4 of section the composition of which is reported by Prof. Hite as follows: Per cent. Silica (Si 0 2 ) 67.20 Ferric Iron (Fe 2 0 3 ) 4.16 Alumina (A1 2 0 3 ) 14.16 Lime (Ca 0) 2.24 Magnesia (Mg 0) 1-24 Sodium (Na 2 0) 1.42 Potassium (k 2 0) 3-70 Titanium (Ti 0 2 ) 0.18 Phosphoric Acid (P 2 0 5 ) 0.46 Loss on ignition 5.37 Total 100.23 I G. P. Grimsley gives an interesting account of this plant PLATE XXIII. — Jackson quarry in Arnoldsburg sandstone at Clarksburg, Ha WEST VIRGINIA GEOLOGICAL SURVEY 649 when it was run by the Glen Elk Brick Company on page 252 of Vol. Ill of the State Geological Survey reports. Lee Brick Plant, West Milford. According to information furnished D. B. Reger by Mason Lee, the operator, this plant was established in 1902 and abandoned in 1911. It is located on the south bank of W est Fork river, 400 to 500 feet east of the bridge over the lat- ter stream at West Milford. The clay operated was an alluvial deposit, reddish yellow and 8 feet thick, coming only 7 feet above water level of the river. Employment was furnished for 5 men, and the capacity of the plant, 4000 to 5000 building brick daily. The brick were moulded by hand ; that is, no machinery was used. They were also air dried, and burned with wood for fuel into two kinds of brick — hard and soft — the hard being on the inside of the kiln. The product was used entirely to supply the local demands of West Milford and vicinity. The Shinnston Brick Company. % This plant is located in the east edge of Shinnston, and according to information given D. B. Reger by C. A. Short, Pres., it was established in August, 1910. Building brick was manufactured and only one kiln was ever burned, the plant having been shut down for some time on account of a lack of funds. The clay pit, according to Mr. Reger, occurs in an alluvial or terrace deposit of clay, at an elevation of 1010' A. T., aneroid, the raw clay being yellowish and burning to a pale red. The brick were wire cut and dried in 4 driers with natural gas for fuel, and then burned in a rectangular kiln. Employment was furnished for 8 men when running at full capacity. The plant is now owned by Thomas Hawker. According to Mr. Short, a potter’s clay was once mined at a lower level at this place, and burned into a fine grade of pottery, mostly stoneware. 650 CLAYS, ROAD MATERIALS, ETC. The Washington fire clay shale of the Dunkard series, and the Clarksburg and Pittsburgh red shales of the Cone- maugh, along with the great deposits of alluvial clays on the old river terraces of West Fork, should furnish an almost inexhaustible supply of material adapted to the manufacture of paving and building brick. Another feature in favor of the brick industry for this region is the fact that this local- ity is immediately surrounded by one of the greatest natural gas and coal fields of the State, thus insuring an abundant supply of cheap fuel for many years in the future. ROAD MATERIAL. As mentioned at the beginning of Chapter I, the public highways of the Doddridge-Harrison area have received rather indifferent attention until within the last three years ; hence, the subject of road material has become of great importance to the residents thereof. The Northwestern Turnpike, be- tween Clarksburg and Salem, has recently been macadam- ized with limestone largly from the eastern Pan-handle coun- ties of the State. In other portions of both counties, dirt and broken sandstone have constituted the greater portion of the material used in making and maintaining the roads, the latter becoming almost impassable during the winter season in the oil and gas fields of both counties. Limestones. Nearly all varieties of limestones can be used to advan- tage in surfacing road beds, but those that combine best cementing properties along with good wearing qualities are preferred. The following limestones that are adapted for road material, crop in the Doddridge-Harrison area: Monongahela Series. Conemaugh Series. Uniontown Limestone... Pages. 193 Pages. Upper Pittsburgh Limestone. .225 Benwood Limestone 197 Clarksburg Limestone. . . , 237 Sewickley Limestone. ... 202 Elk Lick Limestone 245 Redstone Limestone 212 Ames Limestone 250 Ewing Limestone 262 WEST VIRGINIA GEOLOGICAL SURVEY 651 The chemical composition, thickness and character of these limestones, along with a discussion of their crop and availability are given on the pages indicated above in this report, to which the reader is referred for specific informa- tion for each stratum. River and Creek Gravels. In the foregoing county reports prepared by the writer special emphasis has been placed on the fact that the cheap- est and greatest source of good road material, and one that is most frequently overlooked, is the deposit ot gravel along the beds of the larger streams. The Doddridge-Harrison area is no exception to this rule. There may be found large deposits of gravel that is already pounded and worn down by attrition to a size suitable for direct application to the surface of road beds, along all the larger streams in both counties. BUILDING STONE. Some of the limestones mentioned under '‘Road Mater- ials” above might be used to advantage for building purposes for foundations and chimneys in the rural districts in the immediate locality of their crop in both counties. The hard- er ledges might take a good polish and thus serve for orna- mental work. On account of their brittle nature they would have to be quarried by use of wedges, as blasting would probably shatter them. The sandstones of the area under discussion should fur- nish an almost inexhaustible supply of fair building material. The following is a list in descending order of the sandstones that crop to the surface that are available and of sufficient thickness and durability to warrant quarrying in some cases for local supply, and in others, for shipping purposes. Those in black face type have already been quarried to some ex- tent. The thickness, character and distribution of these sev- eral ledges are discussed at length in this report on the pages indicated at the right hand margin of the list: 652 CLAYS, ROAD MATERIALS, ETC. Pages. Dunkard Series. Nineveh Sandstone 147 Jollytown Sandstone 151 Hundred Sandstone 153 Upper Marietta Sandstone 153 Lower Marietta Sandstone 156 Mannington Sandstone 170 Waynesburg Sandstone... 174 Monongahela Series. Gilboy Sandstone 186 Uniontown Sandstone .....186 Arnoldsburg Sandstone ..194 Upper Sewickley Sandstone 199 Lower Sewickley Sandstone t 201 Conemaugh Series. Lower Pittsburgh Sandstone 224 Connellsville Sandstone 229 Morgantown Sandstone 241 Grafton Sandstone 248 Saltsburg Sandstone 264 Buffalo Sandstone * 268 McGeorge Quarry at Clarksburg — Arnoldsburg Sandstone. On pages 453-454 of Vol IV of the State Geological re- ports, G. P. Grimsley gives an account of the McGeorge quarry on what appears to be the Arnoldsburg sandstone and not the Uniontown as given by Mr. Grimsley, a more detailed discussion of which is given by the writer in the descrip- tion of the Uniontown and Arnoldsburg sandstones in Chap- ter VI of this report. T. M. Jackson Quarry at Clarksburg — Arnoldsburg Sandstone. On pages 455-457 of Vol. IV of the State Geological re- ports, G. P. Grimsley gives an account of the T. M. Jackson quarry on what appears to be the Arnoldsburg and not the Uniontown sandstone as discussed more in detail in the de- scription of these ledges in Chapter VI of this report. Physical Tests. — Samples of stones from the Jackson quarry were sent during 1908 to the testing laboratory of the U. S. Geological SurVey at St. Louis, Mo., for physical tests, the results of which are published on pages 566 and 567 of Vol. IV of the State survey reports. PLATE XXIV. — Fred Flowers quarry in Lower Sewickley sandstone, near Gore, 2 miles north of Clarksburg. (See Gore section). WEST VIRGINIA GEOLOGICAL SURVEY 653 Porter Smith Quarry at Farnum. — Connellsville Sandstone. G. P. Grimsley gives an account of the Porter Smith quarry at Farnum in what appears to be the Connellsville sandstone, on pages 470 and 471 of Vol. IV of the State 'Sur- vey reports. J. B. Smith Quarry Near Byron — Connellsville Sandstone. The Connellsville sandstone has been quarried quite ex- tensively in the region of Byron (Mt. Clare) along Browns creek. In fact, stone from quarries on this ledge in this lo- cality was largely used in the construction of the Hospital for the Insane at Weston, Lewis county, and the Balt, and Ohio Railroad depot at the same place. On page 230 of this report is given a full description of the J. B. Smith quarry, along with a chemical analysis of the stone there- from. FORESTS. Owing to the rapid depletion of the forests of the State by the combined attacks of fire, farmers and saw-mills, the subject of their preservation and reproduction has recently attained an interest second only to the conservation of its mineral fuels. The available supply of timber is rapidly growing less, and should the present rate of exhaustion con- tinue, 20 to 25 years will practically see the end of the virgin forests of West Virginia. A glance at the State Survey map accompanying Vol. V, Forestry and Wood Industries, dated Feb. 1, 1911, will show no large tracts of virgin timber in the Doddridge-Harrison area, the same being represented almost entirely by “farm areas.” The latter, as classified by A. B. Brooks, the author of the report and map mentioned, does not necessarily mean that all such areas are under cultiva- tion since almost every farm in both counties has a small wood-lot reserve. 654 CLAYS, ROAD MATERIALS, ETC. Doddridge County. On pages 133 and 134 of the above mentioned report, Mr. Brooks gives the following interesting account of the ori- ginal and present forest conditions, and the lumber industry of Doddridge county : “Original Timber Conditions. — The timbers of the county were the oaks, hickories, walnuts, yellow poplar, white ash, and other hardwoods, all reaching a large size and attaining a high degree of excellence in the rich lands commonly found in all sections. There were small quanties of yellow and white pines, hemlock and red cedar. “The Lumber Industry. — The principal outlets for manufactured lumber have been the Baltimore and Ohio railroad since about 1857. and Middle Island Creek and its larger tributaries. “Water saw mills on Middle Island creek and its branches were common until within recent years, cutting vast quantities of fine yel- low poplar and some other timbers. About 90 per cent of the yellow poplar was sawed and rafted to a chair factory in Marietta, the rest going to Pittsburgh. “Beginning with about 1880 oak timber was cut and much of it sold in Marietta and in Beverly and Malta on the Muskingum river in Ohio. “Much timber has been used in oil rigs, thousands of which have been constructed in the county during the past 25 years. “Large numbers of staves and ties have been floated down Middle Island creek to St. Marys, the ties being sold largely to the Pennsyl- vania railroad and the staves to manufacturers of oil barrels in Balti- more. “The timber that has been taken ‘has gone down the water courses which liberally supply the county with transportation for timber, or has been hauled to the railroad over tram roads which are numerous and of considerable length, one of them being about twenty miles long, and over which vast quantities of timber have been hauled. In most places where the timber has been removed it has been taken, staves, ties, telegraph poles, hoop poles, and tan bark, all going along with the saw timber, and leaving the land cleared and ready for farm* mg.’ “The Present Forest Conditions. — We have a record which says that from a fourth to a third of the timber of Doddridge had not been touched in 1893. At the present time practically all the wood- land has been culled. The best timber is now found in West Union, Cove, Central and New Milton districts, where most of the land is held by a comparatively few private owners. “The woodlots belonging to farmers are very superior to those found in some sections of the State, there being a good second growth and in some cases a virgin stand of timber. It is probable that 65 per cent of the area has been cleared for cultivation and grazing pur- poses.” WEST VIRGINIA GEOLOGICAL SURVEY 655 Harrison County. The following interesting account is as published by Mr. Brooks on pages 159-161 of the above mentioned report, in which the same forest features for Harrison are described as for Doddridge county: “Original Timber Conditions. — It is difficult now to find any more than a trace of the original forests. The quality of timber in small isolated areas, however, together with the unusual fertility of the soil and other favorable natural conditions, justify us in asserting that no county in the State had a larger and more uniform boundary of superior hardwoods. Nearly every species of hardwood common to central West Virginia grew here, hut those which should be especially mentioned were yellow poplar, white oak, red oak, black walnut, hickory, white ash and sugar maple. There were no soft woods of any consequence. “The Lumber Industry. — The rich and easily cultivated lands of Harrison county invited settlement and the clearing of large areas before the timber had a commercial value. The removal of timber from farms in all sections has made an extensive lumber industry — such as has been carried on in other parts of the State — an impossi- bility. There were saw mills, it is true, operating along several of the streams in an early day; but these were of the usual primitive type and manufactured lumber in small amounts for domestic use only. An early writer, speaking of the industries of Harrison county, informs us that there were 6 saw mills running in the year 1835. “Poplar, oak, and some other timbers have been floated out on the West Fork river, going to Pittsburgh, Brownsville, Rices Landing, Beaver and other points along the Monongahela and Ohio rivers. “Most of the timber not destroyed by the settlers has been sawed by portable mills which have moved from place to place during the last 40 or 50 years. As a rule, the operations have been most numer- ous and active in the localities made accessible by the building of railroads. According to Haymond’s “History of Harrison County’’ published in 1909, the principal railroads of the county were com- pleted as follows: “Baltimore and Ohio railroad to Clarksburg in 1856. “Monongah railroad in 1889. “West Virginia and Pittsburgh railroad in 1879. “Short Line railroad in 1901. “Present Forest Conditions. — About 80 per cent of the county has been cleared and is now in a good state of cultivation. The re- mainder of the area is in woodlots ranging in size from 1 or 2 acres up to 100 acres or more. Woodland is more plentiful on the western edge of the county than in other sections. Mr. R. T. Lowndes, of Clarksburg, mentions a broken tract of about 2,000 acres of culled forest lying on Indian run, a tributary of Tenmile creek in the west- ern part of the county.” 656 CLAYS, ROAD MATERIALS, ETC. CARBON BLACK INDUSTRY. The manufacture of carbon black has become quite an important industry in the Doddridge-Harrrson area, since there are seven or eight plants engaged at that business. According to data furnished by the different concerns, it re- quires 700 to 800 cubic feet of natural gas to make one pound of carbon black, which in 1910 brought about 6 cents a pound. A brief account will now be given of each plant in the al- phabetical order of their names. Acme Carbon Company. — This plant is located on the south side of the railroad, 0.9 mile east of Smithton, and was established in 1903. According to information given D. B. Reger by John Shewmaker, Supt., the capacity is 4,000 pounds of carbon black daily, requiring 700 to 800 cubic feet of gas to one pound of the manufactured product. Employ- ment is furnished for 6 men. The main office it located at Wheeling, W. Va. Use gas from their own wells. Castle Brook Carbon Black Company. — This plant is lo- cated on the south side of the railroad, 0.6 mile southeast of Smithton, and was established in about 1902 or 1903. Ac- cording to Harold Engstrom, bookkeeper, employment is furnished for 10 persons, giving the plant a daily output of 150 barrels of 75 pounds each. The product is used for printer’s inks and paints. The gas utilized is obtained from their own wells. The main office is located at Williamsport, Pa. Diamond Carbon Black, J. W. Beacom. — This plant is lo- cated 1.5 miles east of Wilsonburg, and was established in 1905. The main office is located at Randolph, New York. The daily capacity is 25 barrels of 50 pounds each. Gas from their own wells is utilized in making the product. Mt. State Carbon Company. — This plant is located 0.5 mile northwest of 'Smithton, and was established in 1902. The main office is located at West Union, with S. W. Lang- fitt, Treasurer. When running full, the daily capacity is 80 barrels, but owing to a shortage of gas at this time (Au- gust, 1910) it is only 30 barrels. Peerless Carbon Black Company. — This plant is located WEST VIRGINIA GEOLOGICAL SURVEY 657 0.5 mile east from Wilsonburg, and was established in 1901, furnishing employment for 10 men, according to R. E. Sel- lers, Manager, who refused to give any data as to the amount of gas required to make one pound of carbon black, and the daily capacity of the plant. The gas utilized comes from their own wells. Raven Carbon Company. — This plant is located at Mc- Whorter in the southern border of Harrison county. The plant runs day and night, furnishing employment for 4 men. No data was obtained as to the capacity of the factory. The gas used comes from their own wells. Rock Run Carbon Black Company. — This plant is located on the south side of the railroad, one mile northeastward from West Union, and was established in 1905. The main office is located at Warren, Pa. The daily capacity is 8 barrels of 50 pounds each, giving employment for 3 to 5 men. Southern Carbon Company. — This plant is located one mile northeast of West Union along the Balt. & Ohio Railroad, and was established in 1903. The main office is located at Warren, Pa., with F. M. Knapp, Supt. The daily capacity is 30 barrels of 50 pounds each. At the special request of the State Geologist, the follow- ing interesting paper on the history and development of the carbon black industry has been kindly submitted by Mr. Godfrey L. Cabot, of Boston, Mass., one of the early pion- eers of this industry in West Virginia: The Manufacture of Carbon Black. By Godfrey L. Cabot. The most important manufacturing industry of Doddridge County and one of the important manufacturing industries of Harrison County is the manufacturing from natural gas of a species of lamp black, known to the trade throughout the civilized world as Carbon Black. Carbon Black is the soot of natural gas, collected upon an iron surface and thence removed by some automatic scraping device. The black then falls into conveyor boxes which carry it mechanically to a place where it is raised into bins and thence packed for market. Carbon Black was first made from artificial gas, in a very small way, for the purpose of preparing a gloss printing ink, more brilliant 658 CLAYS, ROAD MATERIALS, ETC. than could be obtained with any other raw material. The pioneers were Messrs. J. K. Wright & Co., who began this kind of manufacture in Philadelphia about 48 years ago. In the year 1872, natural gas began to be used by Haworth & Lamb for this purpose at a place called New Cumber'.nd in the north- ern part of West Virginia, and the first plates were made of soap- stone, which, however, were discarded for the use of cast iron, in the shape of flat pans, through which water was circulated. After the failure of the gas in New Cumberland, this factory was Ultimately moved to Dunkirk, Ind., and has long since been broken up for junk. The use of water has proved, on the whole, undesirab:e, although tried by various different companies and individuals and with various different forms of apparatus. The next manufacturer in point of time was Mr. Peter Neff, who erected his factory at Gambier, Ohio. Neither of these two original factories ever reached a large output. The black was sold at a very high price and gas at that time was practically worthless throughout the oil and gas regions for any other purpose and gas wells, no mat- ter how large, could be bought for the price of the casing and tubing in them. Nor was there any difficulty in obtaining territory or in pro- tecting what one already had. In the first decade, from 1872 to 1881, the price of black ranged from $2.50 a pound to about 35 cents a pound, averaging probably about 60 cents a pound. The manufacture was carried on on a small scale and in a manner very wasteful of gas, with comparatively crude appliances and cheap apparatus. In the year 1874, a factory was erected at a place called Saxonburg Station, Pa., now Cabot, Pa., and at this point b’ack was manufactured almost continuaUy until about the year 1907, which is the longest that Carbon Black has yet been made in any one spot. This industry is, of necessity, a migratory industry. Natural gas is being wasted and run into the air in enormous quantity and of quality suitable for making Carbon Black, at many different points, and to an amount far in excess of all possible require- ments of the world for its supply of Carbon Black. The price has always been kept down by the necessity of com- peting with cheap gas and as soon as gas has ceased to be very cheap in a given locality, the manufacture has become unremunerative and the factory has been removed perforce. In these early factories, the plates or surfaces on which the black was collected, were stationary and the car which collected the black was moved back and forth beneath this surface, carrying with it the scraper that scraped the black from the plates. In the second decade, from 1882 to 1891, most of the factories were erected in Pennsylvania and various new mechanical devices came into use and, in particular, revolving plates, some of which were 24 feet in diameter and some on’y 3 feet, turning over station- ary burners and scraper box and stationary plates beneath which the burner and scraper box revolved and rollers revolving over a row of burners and a scraper. The price of black went steadily down and the price of gas in- creased and the average price was perhaps 12 cents a pound during this decade. Some manufacturers, attracted by the immense fields of gas in Indiana, were induced to build factories in Indiana, of which only PLATE XXV (a).— Wagner Quarry in Connellsville Sandstone, near Byron, Harrison county. PLATE XXV (b). — Smith Quarry in Connellsville Sandstone, near Byron, Harrison county. WEST VIRGINIA GEOLOGICAL SURVEY 659 one was profitable, that owned by the Davis Brothers, at Eaton. Four other enterprises in this field were unprofitable for various reasons, one of which was the very poor quality of the gas for this purpose, the yield and quality being far inferior in proportion to the amount of gas to what was obtained in Pennsylvania. In the third decade, from 1892 to 1901, the manufacture in Penn- sylvania great'y increased and the industry sprang up again and on a much larger scale in its birth-place, West Virginia. The principle of reciprocating surfaces, thac is, the carbon black collecting surfaces, oscillating back and forth over the burners and scrapers, was intro- duced and became very successful. The factories in which the black box was run back and forth with cables, one after another fell out of commission. Various modifications of the various principles already mentioned, came into use. Factories sprang up on Tug River in West Virginia and at Grantsville, W. Va., ancl quite a family of factories in the vicinity of Weston and another group in the vicinity of West Union, the County Seat of Doddridge County. The factories near Weston and near West Union were built largely during the 4th decade, from 1902 to 1911. The average expense of obtaining gas was probably not much more than in the previous decade, owing to the removal of the fac- tories from the greatly weakened fields of Pennsylvania to the fresh and prolific fields of West Virginia, but the price of black further de- clined and probably averaged less than 6 cents during the third de- cade, and less than 5 cents during the fourth decade. We now come more particularly to the factories in Doddridge and Harrison counties. These number at the presenc time, five fac- tories in Doddridge County and three in Harrison County, all lying along the line of the Baltimore & Ohio Railroad between Parkersburg and Clarksburg. Starting with the west, you come first to the Rock Run and Southern Carbon Company factories, about half way between West Union and Smithburg. These factories are built on the principle of the reciprocating bench, which moves back and forth with a recip- rocating motion. Next as you go east, you reach the Mountain State Carbon Com- pany factory, in which the black is made on stationary plates of channel beams and the scraper oscillates by a reciprocating motion between the burners and the collecting surfaces. You then pass Smithburg and reach the factory of the Castle Brook Carbon Company, which was at one time the second largest in the world, but of which a part has been moved away, owing to the increased expense of obtaining gas. Here, also, the black is made on long benches. Next you come to the factory of the Acme Carbon Company, in which the black is made on plates 3 feet in diameter, revolving above the scrapers and the burners. As you go farther east, the next fac- tory encountered is that of the Bristol Oil & Gas Company, near Bristol, W. Va., the smoke of which can just be seen for a moment as you pass at a distance of half a mile or so on the railroad. In this factory the black is made on the under-surface of hollow channel cast iron benches, which are cooled by an air blast. This is the only fac- tory at present operating with artificial cooling, although there is still in existence, though not running, a factory, operated with water- cooling at Hallton, Pa. The black in the Bristol factory is collected in reciprocating 660 CLAYS, ROAD MATERIALS, ETC. black boxes, carrying a scraper and discharging at one end of the building into hoods from which the black is withdrawn by a screw conveyor and subsequently elevated and packed. Next going east, you reach close to the station of Wilsonburg the factory of the Peerless Carbon Company, who make their black on rollers, revolving over the gas jets from which the flames impinge upon the bottom of the rollers. Their black commands a higher price for a certain quality of printing ink and the factory has an importance quite out of proportion to its output. The furthest east of all the factories in these two counties is the plant of Mr. J. W. Beacom, % mile or so east of Wilsonburg, which is very similar to the process used at Bristol, but the benches are nar- rower, the yield much less in proportion to the gas and there is no air-cooling. All of these factories in Doddridge and Harrison counties consist essentially of a number of rectangular buildings of sheet iron, from 40 to 60 feet long and from 20 to 30 feet wide, containing the black- making machinery, screw conveyors to carry the black from these various different buildings to a central packing-house and of the pack- ing house, warerooms, etc., therewith connected. Besides the factories above named, plants have been recently built at Clendening, Creston, Nancy’s Run, Weir, Chapmanville, Goose Neck, W. Va., and at Henrietta, Okla. Also a second plant near Grantsville, W. Va. It is become more and more the practice in the manufacture of Carbon Black to obtain supplies either from low pressure gas wells which are unavailable for the purposes of the large gas companies, or to collect the gas over a wide area from oil wells where the gas is wasting in the open air and would otherwise be a total loss. Such gas costs the manufacturer more than what he formerly obtained by drilling his own wells in the immensely prolific fields of high pressure gas which formerly existed, but it is more advantageous for the com- munity that this high pressure gas or such of it as is left, should be chiefly utilized for other purposes and only that used for Carbon Black manufacture which would not otherwise be applied to any use- ful purpose. GODFREY L. CABOT. Boston, Mass., April 22, 1912. CHAPTER XI. SOIL SURVEY OF THE CLARKSBURG AREA. (Doddridge and Harrison Counties) By Charles N. Mooney and W. j. Latimer. CLIMATE. The climate of Harrison and Doddridge counties is tem- perate and salubrious, and well adapted to successful farm- ing of general crops. The area is situated in the midddle section of the State, and its climate is intermediate between that of the Ohio Val- ley section on the west and of the montainous plateau region immediately to the east. Climatological observations for the area are not exten- sive, the data available being confined to records taken at Lost Creek in the southern part, of Harrison county and at Central Station in the western part of Doddridge. The rec- ords of the latter station are incomplete. The data for these stations are given in the accompanying tables. By refer- ence to them it will be seen that the mean annual tempera- ture for the area is about 53 ° F. The summers are com- paratively pleasant and the temperature not unusually high, the highest recorded being 99° F. in July. The winters, however, are marked by extremes, though the average seasonal temperature for the winter months is at the freezing point. During any of the winter months the temperature is liable at times to go below zero, and an abso- lute minimum of — 35° has been recorded. Such extremely cold spells are not common nor of long duration. The snow- ball averages 26.7 inches. As the soils are generally of a heavy character, their tilth is improved by the freezing and SOILS GG2 thawing, and where it is practicable fall and winter plowing is advisable. The average date of last killing frost in spring is April 29 and of the first in autumn October 2. Frosts may occur as late as the latter part of May, but thi's is unusual. The season is always long enough to mature all the crops grown. The mean annual rainfall amounts to 43.5 inches, and varies little either way from this average for the wettest and driest years, as is shown in the table. The early part of the growing season has the heaviest rainfall, which lasts usually until cultivated crops have reached maturity. In the late summer and fall months the precipitation is considerably less and droughty conditions often prevail, making it difficult to get fall-sown crops, such as grains and grasses, started. Normal Monthly, Seasonal, and Annual Temperature and Precipitation at Lost Creek. Months Temperature Mean. Absolute maximum Absolute minimum Precipitation Mean, Total amount for the driest year, °F. | °F. | °F. | Inches.) Inches. Inches.) Inches. December 34 1 Ilj - I| 3.7| 2.5 2 • 4 1 5.2 January 34 1 70| — 20 1 3 .1 2.5 5.61 6.4 February ...... 28! i 80| i — 35 1 i 3 . 5 j 1 6.5 1.9, 5.5 Winter .... 32 . . 1 b- I 10. 3|' 11.5 | 9.9 17.1 March 44 j 81| ~ 1| 4.6| ' 6.6 7.5} 6.2 April 51[ 91 1 2| 3.3| 4.0 2.9 1.8 May 62 1 i 93j I - 25| 4 . 2 1 i 3.2 4.1! 0.0 Spring 52 j . 1 -•••••I-' ...... 1 1 12. 1| 13.8 14. 5| 8.0 June 69 97| 36| 4 . 1| 4.2 1.8| 0.(1 July 73 99| 40| 5 . 7 j 2.4 4 . 5| 0.0 August i 1 HI 97| i 41| 1 3 . 6| 2.1 9.31 0.0 1 Summer 1 HI* 1 I- i | 13. 4| 8.7 j 15. 6| 0.0 September .... j 66 1 971 31| 2.8] 1.6 2.3| 0.0 October 1 55| 91 1 1*1 2 . 0| 2.2 t 4 -9| T. November i 1 44| 78| 1 »l 1 2.9| 1 2.9| 2.6| i i 1.6 Fall | 55*| . 1 1-' 1 1 1 7 . 7 1 r 1 6 . 7 1 9 . 8| 1.6 Year 1 5»| 99 1 — 35 1 43. 5|" 40. 7| 49. 8| 26.7 Average date of . last killing frost in spring, April 29, and of first Total amount for the wettest year. Snow average depth. in autumn, October 2. WEST VIRGINIA GEOLOGICAL SURVEY 663 Normal Monthly and Annual Temperature and Precipitation at Central Station. ' Temper-) Precipita- Month. ature. | tion. Month. Temper- ature. Precipita- tion. °F. In. | °F. In. January 32.7] 3.32 August ...) 72.0 2.97 February 29.1 3.06 September . ..) 66.8 2.75 March 43. 8j 3.31 50 .5) October . . . . ..) 54.8 2.29 April November . ...j 41.8 2.68 May Tnnp 62.3) 3.53 69. 8| 4.26 73.7) 4.24 December . ...| 33.1 3.38 July Year. ... . ..! 52. 5 1 3.25 Mean Temperature at Central Station 1 , Doddridge County. (Record kept by Mr. G. W. Sherwood.) Year | Jan. | Feb. | Mar. | Apr. | May | June | July | Aug. | Sept | Oct. | Nov. | Dec. | Avr. for Year 1893 . 1894 . 1895 . 1896 . L897 . 1898 . 1899 . 1900 . 1901 . 1902 . 1903 . 1904 . 1905 . 1906 . 1907 . 1908 . 1909 . 1910 . 1911 . Means j |37.2|44.2|58.0|66.2|77 .0|80.0 174.4| 68.4 156.0|41. 4)39.2 1 |37.5|35.1|. . . .[50.6|63.2|73.7|74.5|73.6|67.9|. . . j 1 21 . 2 j |52 .0)59 .9)73 .0)70. 1|70 . 1|71.3| j | | i I 1 ! I 1 1 I 1 IDO.Oi^. J|tfd.U| 34.6|30.2|37.2|51.2|62.6|70.6|74.3|76.0|71.4|60.6|42.9|33.4| 53.8 32. 8)25 . 6)42. 4)46. 4|60.8|70.2j77.2|72.9|63.8|53. 7)37. 4|31.0| 51.2 29. 1)25. 0)42. 9|48. 6)64. 0j66. 7|74.3|68.8|63.6|57.0|49.3|33.4| 51.9 23. 6|32.7|51.0|50. 0(64. 4|64. 5)72. 2| |64.8|53.8|37.8|25.4| 49.1 26. 1128.6) 43. 5)47. 4)61. 6|69. 2)70. 8)69. 9|66.8|53.6|39.8|31.8| 50.8 24. 4|24.1|45. 5)51. 2(62. 9)69. 8|73 . 1)71 .0|64 . 8)53 . 4|40 . 8|35 . 1| 51.3 37. 0130. 6) 35. 7152. 6|61 . 9|70 . 1|71 . 6)75. 2)69. 0|54.3|42.5|35.0| 53.0 36. 8|29.8|49. 3)44. 8|57.7|65.0|71.2|68.2|65.2|48. 8)39. 5|34.0| 50.9 29. 2|30. 6)46. 3[52.9|62 . 9|67 . 9|73 . 2)69 . 6|65 . 1|53 . 4)41. 2|34.6| 52.2 35. 4|38. 0)39. 1|52.5|59. 8)70. 6)69. 1|69.0|59.6|47.8|48. 2)26. 4| 51.3 29. 6(29.6147. 8)50. 6|55.4|70.0j71.4!69.0|67. 4)56.4) |26.2| 35.0)37.0)38 .8|47. 8 164.2|70. 0|72.1|72 .6|67.8|52.8|. ... |37. 4) 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1— I 1 31. 6) 30. 4|43.4|50.4|61.8|69.9|73. 0)71. 4|66.5|54.2|42.1|32.6| 52.3 iThe climatological data for Central Station and Lost Creek was kindly furnished the State Geological Survey by H. C. Howe, Director of the W. Va. Section of the Weather Bureau, U. S. Dept, of Agricul- ture, Parkersburg, W. Va. — R. V. H. 6 64 SOILS Monthly Precipitation at Central Station, Doddridge County. (Record kept by Mr G. W. Sherwood.) iYear | Jan. | Feb. | Mar. | Apr. | May | June | July | Aug. | Sept. | Oct. | Nov. | Dec. | Annual 1891 . 1892 . 1893 . 1894 . 1895 . 1896 . 1897 . 1898 . 1899 . 1900 . 1901 . 1902 . 1903 . 1904 . 1905 . 1906 . 1907 . 1908 . 1909 . 1910 . 1911 . Means |2.60| [ | 1 1 I- - - -| 1 11.68|1.57| [. I | | | | j4.37|7.20|1.94|2.91|l.ll|4.07|2.59|. 3.92|6.70|1.48j5.70|3.37|4.18|3.86|4.90|2.48|4.66j2.62|2.17[ 4. 09 1 3. 57 1 2. 50 1 2. 68 [4. 02 1 4. 15 10. 65 12. 64 1 2. 42| 1.90 1 2. 97 14. 14 1 | |2 . 39|2 . lOjO.. 7912 . 62|3 . 68|1 . 44| j j j j, 46.04 3e> .13 |....|, I 1 , . , !••••! — I — !• . . I — | ..... j — | — | — j . ..' j.-.. .|1.68|1.57|3.11|. 30 ,2.09|0.55|1.78j4.87|1.76| 87j3.91|4. 23|0. 7812. 81|4.67| 13|2 . 36|3 . 68 1 1 . 44]3. 29|5 . 64| 70i2.50|2.05|3.00|3.51|2.17| 78|1. 69|1 . 65|1.19|0.36|3.37| 56|4 . 30]2 . 79|7 .02|3. 57|3 . 51| 32|4.72|2.76|1.86]2.34|4.51| 22j4.32|6.88|2.50|3.24|3.51| 79|1.82|0.59|1.49|0.80|2.80| 07|4.84|2.77|2.03j0.89|2.17|. 84|2 . 95]4 . 79|1 . 46]2 . 22[2 . 24 1 53|7.72|4.55|5.28|2.05|1.79| I 1 1 1 ! 1- 1 jf. . .) 1 1 {.. 2.60|3.77|3.37|1.08|3.41|4.60!5. 2.00|0.61|3.36|0.86|5.26|4.29|3. 3 . 4 5 1 2 . 08 13 . 00|3 . 47)2 . 9S|6 . 99(4 . 2.09[6.48|4.00|4.84|5.23|4.22|3. 2.27|1.92|3.37|2.56|1.99|6.07|2. 3 . 19|2 . 20|3 . 89|2 . 63|4. 27|2 . 86|3 . 3.60 1.40|3.98|3.18|2.00|4.58!3. 7.94 1 . 77|3 . 09j2 . 73j3 . 28|4. 54|7 . |2.113.16|5.30[3.33|5.72|1.93|5. |3 . 17|5 . 14[2 . 43 |5.71|6.47|3: 6 . 50|3 . 51|0 . 19|2 . 67]4. 75j2 .5213 . 4 . 09 jl . 22 1 2 . 19|3.47|1.64|1.92j3 . — I 1 1 ! 1 1- 35.18 44.67 42.51 43.79 29.22 43.79 38.25 51.02 34.84 37.63 39.55 |3.57|3.11|2.97J2> 95|3.63|4.14|4.09|3.38|3.01|2.40|2.51|3.13| 38.89 Monthly Snowfall at Central Station, Doddridge County. (Record kept by Mr. G. W. Sherwood.) Year | Jan. | Feb, | Mar. | Apr. | May | June | July | Aug. | Sept. | Oct. | Nov. | Dec. | Annual 1893 |15.0j 3 . 0 1 6.0] T. 1894 | |19.0|. | T. 1895 1896 1897 | | I .... | 1898 1899 J I ! S 1 1900 | 3.0]10.5[11.8| T. | 1901 | 9 . 0| 3 . 0 1 2 . 0| T. | 1902 j 11 . 5 1 3 . 8 1 13 . 5 j 11 . 0 1 1903 | 7.3| 7 . 0[ T. | T. | 1904 | 9 . 8 1 8 . 8 1 2 . 0| 2.0) 1905 |20 . 0 1 5.5| 1.0| T. | 1906 | 6.5 6 . 5 1 1 4 . 0 1 T. j 1907 j 5 . 2 j 8 . oj 1.0| 4 . 0 1 .... j 1908 | 6 . 2 j 5 . 2| 2 . 0| T. |....| 1909 | 8.5[ 2 . 0| T. | T. | 1910 |18.0|14.5| T. | | 0 . 9 1 0 . 2 1 . . . 1 14 . 0 | , T. T. 1 * 0 1 . . . 1911 | 8.01 3.8| 1.0] 1.0| Average 9.8| 7.2] 4.2] 1.4] T. |, ■■I- ....1 T. | 5.0] 0 j 5.0] 0 . 2| 0 I 5.0| 4.5] 0 I 0.2|11.0| 0 I 2.9] 9.2| 0 ] T. I 9.2| 0 I T. | 2.3| 1.5| 1 . 0] 3.8 T. 1 T. | 6.0 0 1 4.5] 5.2] T. | T. |10.5| ..0 |. , . . . ]12.8] •I T. I . I 0.1| 1.6| 6.4| 30.7 WEST VIRGINIA GEOLOGICAL SURVEY 665 Mean Temperature at Lost Creek, Harrison County. (Record kept by Mr. Allen Smith.) Year | Jan. i Feb | Mar. | Apr. | May | June | July | Aug. I Sept. | Oct. | Nov | Dec. | Avr, for Year 1897 1898 1899 1900 1901 1902 1903 1904 1905 1906 1907 1908 1909 1910 1911 ,| | | j | | | 168.6|64.3|56.2|43.4|37.4|. . |37. 6j31.6 48. 7|48.8|61.2|70.4|75.2|72.9|67.3[54.6|40.4|32.8| . |33 ,4|25 .4|43. 4|52 .2|62.9|70.5|71 .4|72 . 8|63 .2|55 . Ij45. 1|32 .8| .!34.4 : 31.0|37.3|50.5j61.0|69.2!71.8j75.3|68.2|60.4|49.4|32.1| |34.0|25.6|42.3|45.8|59.8|70.8|77.9|72.0|64.0|53.1j36.3|31.2| j29 . 9)24. 6[42 . 9|48 . 6|63 . 9|66 . 0|73.4[66 . 9|63 . 4|56 . 4j48 . 8|33 ,5j .|32.0|32.6|50.6j50.4|62.6|62.9|7Q.5|69.2|62.4|52.7|37.4|26.6| |25.4|29.4|43.2|42.9|59.4|67.2| [69 . 6|66.5|56. 6|37 . 0|28 .4[' . .|22. 7)24. 6|43.2|49.4|62.4|67.4|71. 8(69.4164. 2|52. 3|40.1|35.1[ ,|40.0|31. 8(38. 4|53.8|62.1|70. 4172. 0|76.0|70. 0154. 6|43.7|36.6| , |39 . 0j31 . 2|50. 4|45 . 2|58 . 0|64 . 6|72 . 2|68 . 5|65 . 6|49 .0|40 . 6|35.1| ,|30.8|31.5|47.7j54.0|62.6|68.0|73.8|70.7|65.6|53.6|42.2|35.8| ,j37.8!40.3|40.3|52.1j66.0j70.4j70.0|70.9|64.4|49.6[49.1|28.8| , |32.6|32.4j49.2j52.7|56.7|66.0j73.7|70.2|67 .4|58.0|36.2|28.4| , 1 37. 2 1 37. 8 1 39. 8 [48. 2 1 64.0 1 69. 4 [72.0 j 74.1 [67. 7 1 55. 4-| 38.8 138.0| 53.5 52.4 53.4 51.1 51.5 50.8 50.2 54.1 51.6 53.0 52.8 52.0 53.5 Means I 1- [32 . 6|30 .7|44 . 1|49 . 6|61 . 2|68 . 1|72 .7|71 .1|65 . 6|54 . 5 41 . 9j32 .8| 52.1 Monthly Precipitation at Lost Creek, Harrison County. (Record kept by Mr. Allen Smith.) v ear | Jan. | Feb. | Mar. | Apr. | May | June ! July | Aug. | Sept. | Oct. | Nov. | Dec. | 1896 |1. 3912. 47|4.07|3.18|4.43|5.53|14.10|2. 2014. 90|1.59|2.85|L97[ 1897 jl.85|4.65|3. 21(3. 22|3. 54(4. 07| 7.03|3.59|0.49|0.31|3.78|4.87| 1898 j5.55|1.92|7.50|2.93|4.07jl.77| 4.47[9.33[2.89|4.89j2.59[2.37| 1899 [5 . 51[4 . 28|5 .59|1 . 79|6 .00(4 . 17| 6.31|2.39|3.37|0.88|2.79|3.75| 1900 |2 . 93(4 . 79[3 . 67 11 * 39 j 3 . 0 8 j 4 . 65 1 4.61|2.50|0.75|3.90|2.54|1.70J 1901 1 2 . 13 jo . 62 3.06|7.48|5.56|2.50| " ! ‘ _ 3. 0712.76)6. 47,6. 55| 6 . 5914 . 00|3 . 17[4 . 21] |3 . 15(2. 61 !2. 6116. 51 o.33|4.56|3.75|0.12|2.96|5.38| 3.27|2.01|4.80j2.37j2.75j6.88| 2. 40 j 2. 14 jl. 65 j2. 33 j 2. 91 1 2. 46 1 1902 1903 1904 |4.26[3.37|3.88|4.39|3.95|4.54j 2.00|1.91|0.43|1.80|0.26|2.77| 1905 [3 .35[2 .27(6.34(3 . 10|7.70[3 .41| 4.14|4.06|2.43|6.30|2.57|3.36| 1906 |4.36|2.33|5. 5115. 21|3. 12(5. 20| 2.80|6.45|3.51|1.64j3.02|4.74 1907 |8.04|2.73j4.10|1.97|4.87|3.97| 8.68|6.27|3.22|2.34|3.52|4.03| 1908 11.91(3 .83 17. 73(3.74 19 .30 12.72| 2.97|3.35|1.21|1.15|1.09|2.86| 1909 !3.27!4.50j2.88|5.48j3.39[7.88j 5.52|4.03|2.94(3.28|0.93|2.36| 1910 |6.32|2.43|0.28|1.66|4.13|3.5lj 3.99|4.07|5.16jl.55|1.84|2.04| 1911 14.7211. 09|3. 10|4.16j0. 40(3. 88| 1 -75[8 . 08(6 . 15|4 . 76|2 . 09j3 . 27j | 1 ! 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 - Means .. . |3.83!3.15j4.41|3.53|4 .57|4.27| 4.84|4.18|2.9S|2.45|2.4lj3.43| Annual 48 . 68 " 40.61 50.28 46.83 36.51 41.45 43.69 40.88 33.56 49.03 47 . 89 53.74 41.86 46.46 36.98 43.45 44.05 SOILS 666 Monthly Snowfall at Lost Creek, Harrison County. (Record kept by Mr. Allen Smith.) Year | Jan. | Feb. | Mar. | Apr. | May 1896 j. | |19.5[ 0 | 0 1897 | 3.0|. — | 1 . 5| 0 | 0 1898 | 3 . 5 1 3.0| 0 | 3|0| 0 1899 | 8 . 8jl2 . 0| 3.5| l.Oj 0 1900 I 3 . 0 1 5 . Oj 10 . 0| T. | 0 1901 |10.0| 2.4| 2 . 5 1 0 | 0 1902 j 10 . 8| 2 . 8 1 12 . 2 1 10 . 0| 0 1903 | 5.5 7.5 T. | T. | 0. 1904 ! 5.0| 6.3| 2.0 2.0| 0 1905 j 2 0 . 0 1 .... | 0 | 0 . 5 1 0 1906 j 4 . 5| 9.0|16.5| T. | T. 1907 | 3 . 0 1 6. 5| 1.0] 2 . 0| 0 1908 | 8 . 5 1 4 . 0 1 1.0| T. j 0 1909 | 4 . 0| 2 . 5 1 T. | 2.0| T. 1910 | 9 . 8 1 13 . 0 1 T. | 0 . 5 1 0 1911 | 3.5| 4 . 8| 0.8| T. | 0 ! 1 1 1 1 Means .. . .| 6.8| 6.1! 4.4| 1 . 3 1 T. June | July | Aug. | Sept. | Oct. | Nov. | Dec. | Annual 0 I T. j 0 | 5 .0| 3.8|10.5| . T. | 3 . 0 j 2-0| T. [ 5.2] 3.0] T. |10.5| 1.5 9.5] T. | 6.5] T. | 2.0] 1.5| 1.5] T. j 3 . 0 1 4.5| 6 . 0 1 T. j 6 . 8| 1 . 5 j 9 . 2| T. j 0.5] —I ! I 1 I 1 I 1 '!••••! I — I o 0 0 0 0 0 T. T. 0 0 T. 0 0 i o I 1.0 0 AGRICULTURE. The early settlers paid little attention to agriculture. Their main food crop was corn, of which they tried to pro- duce a sufficient quantity for home consumption. Live-stock raising dates back to the settlement of the region, sheep being bred for wool and cattle for beef and tal- low. The stock were turned loose to forage for themselves and found abundant sustenance in the wild pea vines grow- ing in the woods. Sheep raising proved particularly profitable to the early settlers, climatic conditions being favorable and the output easily and conveniently marketed at points outside the area. Cattle were sold at outside markets on the hoof, Baltimore taking most of the output of the region. By 1890 this in- dustry had grown to a considerable volume, lambs being ship- ped extensively to outside markets, in addition to wool and beef. The development of agriculture was slow, keeping pace with the extension of the settlements. No effort was made to maintain the productiveness of the fields, which when ex- WEST VIRGINIA GEOLOGICAL SURVEY 667 hausted were soon seeded naturally to bluegrass, making excellent pasture. The growing of small grains had acquired considerable importance by 1870, wheat, oats, and rye being the most im- portant crops. This continued up to 1900, although the rapid increase in population made the output barely sufficient for home consumption. Tobacco was grown to the extent of 17,098 pounds in Harrison county and 17,568 pounds in Doddridge county, according to the census of 1870, most of which was for home consumption. Since that time its cultivation has gradually decreased, except for small patches. The development of the oil and gas resources of the two counties, which began soon after 1890, has taken much atten- tion from the farms. The labor has gone into this field and owners of lands have curtailed their farming operations, de- pending more upon the royalties and rentals they receive, which far exceed farm profits. The agriculture of the two counties may be said to be practically at a standstill. The exhaustion of some of the oil and gas deposits has made it necessary for many to return to their farming. Agriculture is confined at present to the staple crops in the valleys and pasture lands on the steep hillsides. Corn is the staple crop of both counties, but its production is not equal to the re- quirements of the farms. Wheat and oats are grown, the production, according to the census of 1900, being higher than ever before. The census of 1870 shows some buckwheat, but no mention of this crop is made in subsequent reports. The present production is limited to a few scattered patches. The acreage in grasses for hay is slightly greater than that used for corn in Doddridge county, while in Harrison county the acreage in grass is more than twice that given to corn. In Doddridge county the average yield of hay is shown by the Twelfth Census to be 1 ton to the acre. In Harrison it is somewhat larger, owing to the better adaptation of the limestone soils and of the bottom-land types influenced by these soils to the grasses. Timothy is the principal grass cut for hay, although clover is often grown with it. Some blue- grass is also cut. The acreage in permanent pastures is not SOILS C.U8 given, but is relatively high, as the larger part of the cleared hilly lands are used for grazing. Bluegrass seeds naturally on most of the soils, but does particularly well on the lime- stone land, the Westmoreland silty clay loam, and the red areas of the Upshur clay. Upon the other soils derived from gray and brown shales and sandstones bluegrass does not do so well, its life being short, on the average not more than 10 years. At the end of this period it is generally necessary to return to cultivated crops and then reseed. When the blue- grass begins to run out the native wild grasses and broom sedge come in, and while these make pasturage they are mu* h less valuable than bluegrass. On the limestone lands in Harrison county the bluegrass holds better and grazing cattle is the most important part of the agriculture. The comparatively large extent of the lime- stone lands in Harrison county has made it one of the lead- ing grazing counties of the State. Until quite recently the cattle were practically all of grade stock. Progressive cattlemen have recently introduced improved strains of the Hereford and Shorthorn breeds, the former being the most popular. Besides the stock raised on the farms, considerable numbers are brought in from outside sections. Pocahontas county supplies the greater part of these, but some are obtained from Ohio and even from the West. Where young cattle are taken they are fed through the winter months on the hay cut on the farm and with grain. One to two seasons put the cattle in prime condition. Those not used for local consumption are shipped to Pittsburgh or Baltimore markets and even exported to Europe. Every farmer keeps cows for the home supply of milk and butter, and there are numerous dairies around Clarks- burg, which are inadequate to supply the local demand. The Jersey is the favorite dairy breed, though there are some Holsteins. The latter are gradually displacing the grade stock. Sheep are to be found scattered over the county a few on a farm, there being no large flocks. The objtct is production of spring lambs. The rough lands are better adapted to sheep than to larger animals. Sheep raising is said to be WEST VIRGINIA GEOLOGICAL SURVEY 669 profitable and an extension of the industry would seem to be warranted. The objection to sheep is that they crop the grass too closely. This could be remedied by giving flocks a larger range. The droppings of the sheep do much to fer- tilize the pastures. No particular effort is made to maintain a certain breed. The Cotswold and Shropshires are most common. Hogs are raised on most farms, but not more than enough to supply the family needs for pork and lard. Rotation of crops is not strictly followed, except on the uplands, where the pastures are givinig out and it is desired to reseed them. The steep slopes can .not be kept for any length of time in cultivated crops on account of washing. Where sod land is plowed the roots will hold the soil for two corn crops, which should be followed either by wheat or oats, sown with timothy and clover or bluegrass. The hay crop is cut as long as the yields warrant it, and in the mean- time the bluegrass has come in and the land is turned to pasture. In harvesting the hay crop the hay is put into small stacks at convenient points in the fields and fenced around so that cattle can be pastured. A great waste of hay results from exposure to the weather. Rarely are there hay barns or sheds on the farms. On the slopes contour cultivation is necessarily followed. There are many hillsides where the shelf lands are in cereal crops, while the steeper slopes are under grass. This is a practice to be commended. The manure made on the farm is applied generally to the valley fields very rarely being used on the upland slopes. Grass lands very rarely receive any fertilization. A few years ago commercial fertilizers were used for the different crops, but the practice has been discontinued en- tirely. Pastures could be greatly improved and rejuvenated by applications of phosphatic fertilizers and some form of lime. Applications of ground phosphate rock (floats) and slag, as well as acid phosphate, would much improve the soil, while frequent applications of finely ground limestone would prove of great benefit. In fields so situated as to make the hauling and applica- 070 SOILS tion of barnyard manure difficult, green manuring is recom- mended. The best crops for this purpose are the legumes, which include clover, vetch, cowpeas and soy beans. There is little or no attempt on the part of the farmers to make or save barnyard manure. There has been little change for a number of decades past in the size of the farms in the two counties-. The aver- age in Harrison county is 116.7 acres and in Doddridge coun- ty 107.6 (Twelfth Census). It is further shown from the same source that in Harrison county 81.5 per cent of the farms are operated by the owners and in Doddriddge county 75.7 per cent. Renting is not a common practice, the terms of rental varying with circumstances. Under present conditions little farm labor is required, except at harvest time. Tabor is scarce and commands high wages, owing to the demand for hands in the oil and gas fields. The coal mines and unskilled labor of the mills do not draw upon the farms, as this work is all done by immi- grants, who seldom go to the farms. Not only have land values risen because of the presence of oil or gas or work- able seams of coal, but even the ground leases have increased. Values range from $10 for rough, hilly farm to $100 and more an acre for the desirable farms. As has been intimated previously, the sale of coal rights and the royalties and rentals for oil and gas rights have put many of the landowners in easy financial circumstances. The result is that good houses are being built even in most re- mote sections and the surroundings generally improved, re- sulting in an appearance of prosperity often not at all in keep- ing with the character of the land. While interest is largely centered on the development of the mineral resources,, there is ample opportunity for suc- cessful agriculture along a number of lines. . As so much of the land is best suited to grazing, this industry should be de- veloped. Efifort should be made to improve the pastures, which, with an increase in grain crops, would enable more cattle to be kept on the same land, while the area of the pas- tures should be extended wherever practicable. Sheep rais- ing, with lambs for market, could also be more generally ta- WEST VIRGINIA GEOLOGICAL SURVEY 671 ken up. The local demands for dairy products would warrant the further extension of dairying, especially near the towns and mines. Poultry raising would for some be a profitable venture. Vegetables are in such demand that trucking could be profitably specialized. Considerable development could be made along this line without affecting the market. The ter- race soils along the West Fork river in the vicinity of Clarks- burg and below near the mining settlements are suitable for truck crops. Small fruits would also succeed, on these soils and would find a ready market. There is also an opportunity for commercial orcharding in the area, particularly in the production of apples, on the accessible hillsides. The trees must be carefully tended and spraying would be necessary. Eastern and northern expos- ures should be selected. Finally, but not. the least in importance, there is oppor- tunity for successful and profitable forestry. Much of the tougher lands could be reforested and handled systematically. The growing of locust for posts may be suggested as a profit- able source of income. This tree grows everywhere on the hillsides. The original forest growth was removed rather destructively and comparatively little revenue obtained, but from the present forested areas and those that might and should be reforested a considerable income may be expected in a reasonable time. SOILS. Exclusive of areas of rough stony land, 11 types of soil were encountered in Harrison and Doddridge counties. These may be divided into two classes according to origin — residual soils and transported or sedimentary soils. The first named include the upland types and the transported or sedi- mentary soils the first-bottom and terrace soils of the valleys. The residual upland soils cover approximately 90 per cent of the area surveyed. They are largely of a silty texture cn the surface, with clay loam, silty clay loam, and clay be- neath. Texturally they are all very similar, the difference being largely in color and agricultural value, as determined SOILS "672 mainly by the kind of rocks from which they are derived and by their general topography. The rock formations, of carboniferous age and sedimen- tary origin, comprise a great variety of shales, sandstones and limestones, carrying seams of coal. The materials form- ing these rocks were laid down horizontally, but with the uplifting of the land the beds were folded or arched. Sub- sequent erosion of these folds has exposed in different places sections of the different strata aggregating over 2,000 feet. The formations have been separated and correlated. They form the upper three of the five geological divisions of the Upper Carboniferous. From the top of the most recent stra- tum downward they are, in order of succession, the Dun- kard, Monongahela and Conemaugh. The Dunkard series has an estimated thickness of 1,135 feet, and its outcrop covers all of Doddridge and the western part of Harrison county. It is composed of a series of gray and brown shales and sandstones, in which thin beds of red shales and shaly limestones occur. The weathering of the Dunkard series of rocks gives rise to three soil types. The principal type is the Meigs clay loam, the most extensive soil in the area. Owing to the num- ber of rocks entering into its formation, this type is variable in character, including grayish, light-brown, and Indian-red soils. Areas of the Indian-red clay, which is derived from red shale, where large enough to map, were separated under the name of Upshur clay. The intermingling of the red Upshur material with the grayish soil derived from the lighter-colored shales and sand- stones constitutes one of the conspicuous variations in the Meigs clay loam. The topography of the Meigs clay loam is in the main steep and broken, making the type useful for lit- tle but grazing and forestry. The Dekalb silt loam occurs on the level tops of ridges and their spurs. This type is derived from sandstones and some shales which have resisted weathering to the extent of standing usually as the caps of ridges. Areas of the Dekalb silt loam are found over the Monongahela and Conemaugh formations as a result of like conditions. The soil is one of WEST VIRGINIA GEOLOGICAL SURVEY 673 only ordinary productive power, and rather poorly adapted to grass. In the western part of Doddridge county there occurs a type — the Upshur silt loam — which differs from the Dekalb silt loam in having a red clay stratum in the lower subsoil. This represents material derived from red shale. The strata of the Dunkard series rise gradually to the east in the eastern portion of the area and have been eroded sufficiently to uncover the formations included in the Mon- ongahela and Conemaugh. The upper part of the Mononga- hela is of the same character as the Dunkard ; that is, it con- sists of gray and brown shales and sandstones with some in- terbedded red shales. These strata give areas of the Meigs clay loam. They occupy the sharp, wooded peaks of the hills and ridges in the limestone sections of Harrison county. Only the upper 100 feet of the Monongahela formation is of this character. The remaining 280 feet, as well as the upper part of the Conemaugh formation, consist largely of inter- bedded limestones and calcareous shales, giving rise to the limestone lands of this section of the State. The material, which is predominantly silty, has been given the name West- moreland silty clay loam. The Conemaugh outcrops occur only in the eastern part of Harrison county, where they are brought to the surface by the Chestnut Ridge anticline or fold. The total thickness of the outcrop is 495 feet. Below the Clarksburg limestone, which represents es- sentially the base of the interbedded limestone, shale and sandstone strata giving rise to the Westmoreland soil, the limestones and red shales are thin and unimportant, so that the soil is largely the weathered product of gray and brown shales and sandstones. These represent the Dekalb silty clay loam, a grayish clay loam to silty clay loam, underlain b) light-yellow clay loam or clay. Along the West Fork river and its tributaries flat eroded terraces are developed. These are occupied by two distinct soil types — the Elk silt loam and the Tyler silt loam. Al- though of relatively small total area, these soils are valuable agricultural types. It is believed that the material giving 674 SOILS rise to these soils was deposited by water impounded by ice dams. With the removal of the ice barriers the streams be- gan to cut deeper channels, and erosion became active over the terraces. As a result the terraces in some places now stand 150 feet above the stream level. In many places they have suffered from erosion sufficiently to be quite rolling in character. The material entering into the composition of these soils is derived largely from the Westmoreland silty clay loam. The important difference between the Elk silt loam and the Tyler silt loam is one of drainage. The latter has the poorer drainage and is slightly lighter colored, with a ten- dency to mottling. The subsoil is also more plastic. The Elk silt loam is quite similar in general appearance to the Dekalb silt loam, but differs in that it is sedimentary in ori- gin and a more productive soil. In places some residual ma- terial from the underlying rocks, principally shale and sand- stone enters into the composition of the lower subsoil. Lime- stone also occasionally underlies this type. Along Middle Island creek, its tributaries, and a number of other streams in that portion of the area outside the limits of the Westmoreland silty clay loam is developed a terrace soil quite similar in general appearance and topography to the Elk silt loam. The material of this soil, the Holston silt loam, is derived largely from the Dekalb and Meigs soils. The type is less productive than the Elk silt loam, as would be expected, since limestone material does not enter into its composition. Narrow first bottoms are found along all the creeks and stream branches of the area. They are of alluvial origin, being transported sediments deposited over flood plains of the streams during overflows. These first-bottom soils are influenced to a greater or less extent by the wash from the adjoining upland slopes. Where the materials are markedly affected by wash from the red shale soils, the soil has a red- dish color. Such areas were classified as the Moshannon silt loam. This type occurs along the streams in Doddridge and western Harrison counties. The other first-bottom type is WEST VIRGINIA GEOLOGICAL SURVEY 675 the Huntington silt loam, a brownish soil consisting largely of material washed from the lighter colored upland soils. Both these alluvial types are strong soils. The rough stony land includes areas too steep and stony to cultivate. Numerous rock outcrops, particularly of sand- stones, are included under this head. The following table gives the names and areas of the several soil types shown on the accompanying map : Areas of Different Soils. Soil. Meigs Clay loam Westmoreland si'ty clay loam Dekalb silty clay loam Elk silt loam Moshannon silt loam Upshur clay Huntington silt loam Rough stony land Holston silt loam Upshur silt loam Dekalb silt loam Tyler silt loam Total Acres. | Per cent. .| 272,320 | 54.5 [ 102,080 1 20.4 | 56,488 11.1 | 17,920 | 3.6 | 15,488 3.1 | 14,080 2.8 | 10,816 2.2 i 4,480 0.9 | 2,048 .4 2,048 .4 | 1,792 | .4 | .1,280 ! | ! 499,840 [ Meigs Clay Loam. The Meigs clay loam is not a uniform soil type, owing to the fact that a variety of rocks enter into its formation and that the steeply rolling surface in many places has favored the commingling of soil materials of different colors and textures. The surface soil of the Meigs clay loam, which is 4 to 8 inches deep, varies in texture from a silt loam to silty clay loam and in color from a grayish brown to light brown, shading to light yellow with depth. The subsoil ranges from a brownish-yellow, moderately compact silt loam to silty clay loam, grading usually into clay at about 20 inches, which texture usually persists throughout the remain- der of the soil profile. The lower subsoil often becomes no- ticeably heavier and plastic with depth. Where erosion has been especially active the clay is found nearer the surface. SOILS (.76 The type includes many patches of Indian-red or reddish clay loam or silty clay loam, underlain by a stiff, plastic In- dian-red clay, usually having a greasy feel. These areas really represent patches of Upshur soil too small to map. Quite commonly the surface material is grayish and the yel- low subsoil grades into reddish-yellow to Indian-red clay or the yellow is mottled with red. Such areas represent either the Upshur silt loam or an intermediate type between the Up- shur and Dekalb. Some patches of typical Dekalb silt loam or silty clay loam are included in this type. The brownish- yellow subsoil first mentioned is characteristic of by far the greater part of the type. The depth of the subsoil varies greatly with the position of the areas. On the steeper slopes erosion has prevented the accumulation of much soil material over the rock, the strata in places being exposed or at least very close to the surface. Usually the depth to the bed rock is 20 inches or more. On the other hand, it may not be encountered within less than several feet of the surface. Throughout the soil mass and on the surface occur more or less decomposed fragments of shale and sandstone, though rarely in sufficient quantity to interfere with cultivation. Their presence is a general characteristic of the type. The Meigs clay loam has the largest extent of any of the soil types. It occupies all of the uplands of Doddridge and the western part of Harrison county, covering the hill and ridge tops and their slopes. The Meigs clay loam area is steep and broken, the sur- face being rougher than any other soil type except rough stony land. The tops of the ridges are generally narrow and irregular and the slopes as a rule descend steeply to nar- row, V-shaped stream valleys. A marked feature of the hill- sides is the presence of narrow benches or terraces, resulting from the occurrence of massive sandstone beds that have resisted weathering and prevented the formation of uniform slopes. On these benches the soil is deeper and more pro- ductive than elsewhere. For the most part the slopes are so steep as to make cultivation very difficult. WEST VIRGINIA GEOLOGICAL SURVEY 677 The surface drainage is rapid, water falling upon the soil being carried off almost immediately, and where the slopes are not protected by a covering of sod or vegetation the soil material is rapidly carried away, forming erosion gullies. Because of this excessive drainage the type is droughty, crops suffering for moisture in ordinary dry spells, except in more favored locations. The small streams soon dry up, and if the drought is prolonged even the larger streams cease to flow. The Meigs clay loam is of residual origin, derived from the rock beds of the Dunkard of Permo-Carbonifereous age. This formation consists of a series of interbedded shales, sandstones, some thin limestone or shaly limestone, and coal seams. The gray shales and sandstones and the beds of red shales give rise to most of the soil material of this type. Although in many places too steep for cultivation, much of the type has been cleared for pasture, the soil being fairly good for grasses. Bluegrass does well, although it is rather short lived, except upon phases of the soil particularly adapted to its growth. North and east slopes make the best pasture land, the southern and western slopes drying out more quickly. Care must be exercised in changing the land from its natural forested condition to pasture, or the soil may be washed away. When newly cleared the soil is full of roots and these ordinarily hold it sufficiently far a few years or until the grasses form a protective sod. Corn is the first crop grown and this is planted until the yields decrease, when small grains, with which the grass is seeded, are sown. The bluegrass holds for a time and then the native wild grasses and broom sedge gradually take the land. To reestablish the bluegrass the land has to be broken, cultivated and reseeded. The life of the pasture can be pro- longed by giving it attention and the growth can be revived by applications of lime, phosphatic fertilizers, and barnyard manure. Timothy and clover are sown and cut for hay, mak- ing fine yields. The fields are then pastured, the bluegrass, sown with timothy and clover, finally predominating. On new land corn does fairly well, producing 20 to 50 bushels to 6 7 8 SOILS the acre. On the benches and on lower slopes the better yields are obtained. Parts of the type will produce fruits, apples and peaches doing well on the upper slopes in the covelike areas exposed to the north and east, where the soil is more loamy and bet- ter moisture conditions prevail. The forest growth is of hardwoods, oak, chestnut, maple, hickory and poplar. The poplar is found more abundantly on the north and east ex- posures and gives to these locations the name of “poplar land,” while the south and west slopes are spoken of as “white oak land.” The Meigs clay loam has the lowest value of the upland soil types, the prices ranging from $10 to $30 an acre, the seller usually reserving the oil and gas rights. Upshur Clay. The Upshur clay occurs only in small areas, and the surface soil is variable, being influenced by differences in position. When it occurs on hilltops and the upper parts of slopes it consists of 4 to 6 inches of dark reddish brown or Indian-red clay loam to clay, underlain by dark Indian-red,, stiff, rather tenacious clay. Where erosion is not active the subsoil extends to a depth of more than 3 feet, but in places the underlying rock beds may be encountered at 2 feet, and rotten- shale fragments of greenish-gray color are often found in the lower subsoil, giving the mass a mottled ap- pearance. On the lower slopes affected by “slips” from soils above, the surface may have a shallow covering of light- brown to grayish silt loam, which when united by cultivation with the red subsoil material gives a reddish color to the sur- face. Occasionally some sandstone fragments are found on the surface, but these have come from rock formations ly- ing higher up the slopes. The Upshur clay is found mostly on slopes, which are generally steep, where it occurs as bands, sometimes near the top and again nearer the bottom. It is commonly found in saddles or gaps of dividing ridges extending around the amphitheaterlike heads of branches, its position always be- WEST VIRGINIA GEOLOGICAL SURVEY 679 in g determined by the occurrence of red-shale strata, from which it has been derived through weathering. The areas are small and scattered, the greater number being found in Doddridge county, though some occur in the western part of Harrison. In both counties it is limited to outcropping of the Dunkard formation. Though the surface drainage is free, the subsoil is al- ways moist. There is considerable seepage in this rock formation, and moist, springy spots are common on slopes. The moisture conditions make the type cold and late. Its heavy, plastic and tenacious nature cause difficulty in culti- vation. When worked too wet it puddles and becomes very hard and cloddy when dry. The surface bakes and cracks. This soil should never be plowed except under the best of moisture conditions. Late fall plowing, turning the soil up so as to get full effects of freezing and thawing during the winter aids greatly in getting good tilth. The soil should have more organic matter, and any roughage can be plowed under to advantage. This soil is all cleared, but its value for pasture is so high that it is mostly devoted to graz- ing or used in the production of hay. Bluegrass seeds natur- ally upon it and is permanent. It gives good yields of farm crops where managed properly. Wheat does well and fair yields of corn are secured, though in places the soil is rather heavy for the latter crop. Fruits do not seem to thrive upon the Upshur clay, and it should not be used for their culture. Since it is so well adapted to grasses it is best to continue with them, and every effort should be put forth to maintain the pastures at their highest efficiency. Upshur Silt Loam. The surface soil of the Upshur silt loam, which is from 10 to 20 inches in depth, consists of a friable silt loam of light or yellowish brown color, with a reddish tinge in the upper portion, changing with depth to reddish yellow or frequently to a dull red. The subsoil is a reddish-yellow to dark-red heavy silt loam to silty clay loam, grading usually into an SOILS 680 Indian-red clay of the same character as the subsoil of the Upshur clay. The Upshur silt loam is of small extent, being limited to the extreme western part of Doddridge county. It is found on flat, shelflike positions on slopes and on rolling ridge tops. The Upshur silt loam is derived from the sandstones and shales of the Dunkard formation. Strata of red shale have given the red subsoil and the reddish tinge seen in the sur- face material. The type has good surface drainage and is easily worked. It is a strong, productive soil and good farms are the rule on the type. It supports a fine growth of grass and gives good yields of the general farm crops. Its value is high as com- pared with that of the surrounding soils. Results of mechanical analyses of samples of the soil and subsoil are given in the following table : Mechanical Analyses of Upshur Silt Loam. Number 1 Description Fine grave Coarse sand Medium sand Fine sand Very fine sand Silt Clay | | Per | Per Per Per [ Per 1 Per Per | 1 cent. 1 cent. cent. cent. | cent. | cent. cent. 25500. . . . Soil | 0.2| 0.9 0.6 1.6 1 2.5| 76.9 17.3 25501. . . .Subsoil 1 •°l •2| .3' 1 * 2 1 2.8| 53. 2| 42.2 Dekalb Silty Clay Loam. The surface soil of the Dekalb silty clay loam, to a depth of 4 to 8 inches, consists of a light to yellowish-brown silty clay loam or heavy silt loam, containing enough sand par- ticles to make it friable and rather mellow for a soil of its class. When dry the surface becomes grayish and has a soft, ashlike feel. The subsoil is a yellow, heavy silty clay loam to silty clay, generally becoming a little more clayey and more compact with depth. It is usually friable, but in places is somewhat plastic. Grayish to brownish mottlings repres- senting rotten fragments of shale are often noticeable. In places the lower subsoil sometimes becomes slightly WEST VIRGINIA GEOLOGICAL SURVEY 681 tinged with red. Shale and sandstone fragments occur fre- quently on the surface, the latter as small blocks of thin- bedded rock. On the gentler slopes they are absent, while on steep slopes they are numerous both on the surface and in the soil mass, with the underlying rock beds very near the sur- face. On these steeper slopes the soil is a little more sandy and lighter textured than elsewhere. The Dekalb silty clay loam occurs in the eastern part of Harrison county, where it is associated with the W estmore- land silty clay loam. It is found on the slopes below the latter type, following that type rather closely and extending up the valleys. Along the Chestnut Ridge anticline, where the Conemaugh formation outcrops, it covers all except the highest hilltops. These slopes are in the main gentle, but are sometimes very steep, breaking off suddenly from narrow, flat to gently sloping benches on the hillsides. The hilltops are smooth and generally rounded, though in places the ridges have narrow, irregular crests. The topography favors ready surface drainage. The Dekalb silty clay loam is of residual origin, being de- rived from the rock beds of that part of the Conemaugh forma- tion extending from the Clarksburg limestone bed to the bottom of the formation as exposed in the county. There are three strata approximately 100 feet in thickness. The rocks consist of a variety of shales and sandstones, with some unimportant beds of limestone and seams of coaf. The shales and sandstones have given rise to the larger part of this soil type. The shale beds have weathered more or less com- pletely, the fragments being generally rotten. The stones found in the soil mass are generally of the more resistant sandstones. The greater part of the Dekalb silty clay loam is cleared and largely in grass for hay and pasturage, particularly the latter. The soil supports a bluegrass sod, but is not natur- ally so good a soil for grasses as the limestone type — the W estmoreland silty clay loam. The pastures do not last so well, nor is the growth of grass as good on the Dekalb areas. The wild grasses do better on it, but do not make as good pasturage. SOILS C82 Corn gives fair yields on areas of gentler slope, and so do the small grains. Fruits, though grown only for home use and under favorable conditions, do fairly well. With proper attention orchards, especially of apples, would give excellent yields, particularly on those areas having exposures to the north and east. The greater part of this type should be devoted to pas- turage and the steeper and more stony slopes to forestry. The forest growth is composed of hardwoods, consisting largely of oak and chestnut, with maple, poplar, hickory, beech and some other trees. The results of mechanical analyses of samples of the soil and subsoil of the Dekalb silty clay loam are given in the following table : Mechanical Analyses of Dekalb Silty Clay Loam. Nnmber Description Fine gravel Coarse sand Medium sand Fine sand Very fine sand Silt Clay Per Per Per Per Per Per Per cent. cent. cent. cent. cent. cent. cent. 25339.... Soil 1 0.8 2.3 1.8 6.6 5.0 69.6 14.4 25340. . . . Subsoil 1 - 4 ! L4 1.4 3.6 4.4 56.7 32.2 Dekalb Silt Loam. The surface soil of the Dekalb silt loam, to an average depth of 8 inches, consists of a light, friable, brown or gray- ish-brown silt loam, with a soft, smooth texture. The sub- soil is a pale-yellow silt loam, which at about 24 inches usu- ally becomes considerably heavier, grading into a silty clay loam. Where the underlying rock beds are close to the sur- face the deep subsoil may become a little lighter in texture than typical. The type as a rule is free from stone frag- ments though scattered blocks of sandy shale or shaly sand- stones are found occasionally, and where the soil material is shallow may be met in the subsoil. The Dekalb silt loam is not an extensive type in the Clarksburg area. It is found in comparatively small bodies in both counties, the largest occurring in Doddridge county WEST VIRGINIA GEOLOGICAL SURVEY 683 along the Ritchie county line and east of Bridgeport in Har- rison county. The other areas are small and scattered. This type is generally found in the uplands on shelf or bench-like situations that occur at an elevation of 1,100 feet or more above sea level. The areas are flat, gently rolling, or sometimes sloping. The type owes its origin and charac- teristic topography to massive horizontal sandstone beds, which are very resistant to weathering processes. The soil material is derived from these fine-grained, massive sand- stones and fine-grained sandy shales, the weathering having been as a rule so complete that little fragmental rock occurs in the soil. The underlying rock beds are reached at a depth of 5 or 6 feet. The type is not derived exclusively from any one formation of the upper Carboniferous, but indiscriminate- ly from the Dunkard, Monongahela and Conemaugh, wherever massive sandstone beds occur in those formations. These sandstone beds have produced a soil considered rather thin and not held in high esteem, except that its friable character makes it easy to cultivate. This soil is readily ‘ run down” by cropping, but it can be brought to a fair state of productiveness by good management. As a whole, the type is lacking in organic matter and supplying this in the form of green manuring crops and barn- yard manure will greatly benefit it. All the cultivated crops of the area are grown. Corn, potatoes, wheat and oats do fairly well. It does not seem to be adapted to bluegrass or other pasture grasses. Moisture conditions have much to do with this, the drainage being too free. Apples will succeed upon it, but the trees need artificial fertilization. Good or- chard sites, permitting the use of spraying machinery, are frequently found. Its original tree growth was largely chestnut and white oak, with some other deciduous species, and from the pre- dominance of chestnut it has been locally known as “chest- nut land.” Westmoreland Silty Clay Loam. The Westmoreland silty clay loam, known in Harrison county as the “limestone land,” is derived from interbedded SOILS 684 limestones and and shales. These two rock formations give rise to distinct soil materials, which, owing to the sloping topography, have become so intermingled as to respesent a single soil type. As a rule the type consists of 4 to 10 inches of a gray- ish to light-brown, mellow silty clay loam, overlying yellow silty clay loam, which quickly grades into yellow silty clay, generally sticky and plastic in the lower portions. Where overlying limestone beds the soil material is a grayish to yel- lowish heavy clay loam to clay, underlain oy a stiff, plastic clay, usually yellow or yellow mottled with white. The sub- soil material immediately overlying the limestone is frequent- ly of an olive green color and markedly plastic. The limestone outcrops occur as narrow strips a few feet in width along the hill slopes. They are usually marked by a slight break in the slopes or “bench” and by loose boulders of the rock on the surface. Such areas of heavy soil usually represent patches of Brooke clay loam too small to map. The subsoil generally extends to a depth of several feet, except where limestone ledges approach the surface or out- crop. For the most part weathering has been complete, as indicated by the general absence of stone fragments on the surface and in the soil. The Westmoreland silty clay loam is consigned to Harri- son county, in which it is the most important soil type. It is found in all parts of the county, except the western and northwestern portions. The areas are irregular and broken by other types, the tops of the hills often being capped by Meigs clay loam, and the lower slopes by the Dekalb silty clay loam, while this type lies between, following the con- tours of the hills and ridges. It is the smoothest of the hilly lands of the area surveyed, the slopes being gentle and the hilltops rounded. Some of the slopes are broken by series of slight benches, where limestone ledges lie just beneath the surface or ate exposed. Over the greater part of this type the slopes are such as to permit of cultivation, though in places they are sp steep that farming is not advisable. The topography of the Westmoreland silty clay loam gives ready surface drainage and in some places the land is WEST VIRGINIA GEOLOGICAL SURVEY 685 gullied, though the strong sod covering tends to hold erosion in check. The type is all well drained and, as is the case with limestone soils in general, is droughty. Where bodies of this soil have been tunneled in mining coal they soon dry out, and crops or grass suffer for lack of moisture. The Westmoreland silty clay loam is derived from the rock beds of the lower part of the Monongahela and the up- per part of the Conemaugh formations. These are composed of a number of limestone strata, with interbedded calcareous shales and very little sandstone. The weathering of these rocks has been quite complete, with the exception of occa- sional limestone boulders and outcropping limestone ledges, giving a soil formation of some depth. Because of its calcareous nature, the Westmoreland silty clay loam is especially adapted to bluegrass and is devoted almost entirely to grazing, being too valuable for this pur- pose to be used for cultivated crops. The grass thrives on this soil, and the sod holds for a long period of years, though the pasturage is said to be not as good now as formerly. A dressing of phosphate fertilizers would do much to help the pastures, as would applications of manure. Corn and hay grasses (timothy and clover) do very well, but they are not grown extensively. Owners of this land are all engaged more or less in cattle grazing. Some of the stock is raised on the farm, but a large part is brought in from other sections to be grazed and fat- tened here. Practically all the Westmoreland silty clay loam is clear- ed. The original forest consisted of hardwood species. The locust thrives on this soil and is seen in pastures and along fence rows. The growing of locust posts would undoubtedly prove profitable on the steeper slopes. Farmers owning this land are generally prosperous. The farms are usually large. The Westmoreland silty clay loam is the highest priced farming land in the area aside from the added value of the important coal seams which occur be- neath it. The price of surface rights for this type ranges from $50 to $100 an acre. The results of mechanical analyses of samples of the soil and subsoil of the Westmoreland silty clay loam are shown in the following table : Mechanical Analyses of Westmoreland Silty Clay Loam. Number Description Fine gravel Coarse sand Medium sand Fine sand Very fine sand Silt Clay | Per Per Per Per Per Per 1 Per 1 cent. cent. cent. cent. cent. cent. | cent. 25349.... Soil 1 i.i 3.1 1.6 4.1 7.1 60. 9[ 22.1 25350 jSubsoil 1 1-4 4.2 2.9 5.1| 4.4 53. 2| 29.1 Elk Silt Loam. The surface soil of the Elk silt loam consists of about 8 inches of light-brown to yellowish-brown, light, mellow to rather compact silt loam. This is underlain by pale yellow silt loam, which becomes somewhat heavier and a brighter yellow with depth. Below 24 inches the subsoil is often slightly sandy, the sand particles giving a gritty feel. The subsoil is usually compact in the lower portion, but when rubbed between the fingers it readily crumbles. When wet it is quite sticky. This type is fairly uniform in texture, though slight variations occur. In places the surface soil is a little more sandy than the average, especially on the break of slopes where beds of fine yellow sand lie below. Occasionally shale ledges and broken shale are encountered within 2 feet of the surface, the former being projecting points of underlying formations. The Elk silt loam occupies a considerable area. It covers a greater extent of territory in Harrison county, where it is found in the West Fork river valley and along its tributary streams. It occurs as a terrace, the top of which is 1,000 to 1,050 feet above sea level and from 20 to about 150 feet above the stream levels. In places the top is flat to gently rolling, breaking into slopes toward the streams, the drop sometimes being very abrupt. Originally these terraces were uniformly smooth and level, but erosion has cut many deep ravines. The streams along which it occurs have meandering courses, WEST VIRGINIA GEOLOGICAL SURVEY 687 the type usually occupying the horseshoe bends, and extend- ing from the stream generally to the upland slopes. It holds the position of a well-defined stream terrace. The Elk silt loam is a sedimentary soil and believed 10 be of lacustrine origin. When the Monongahela in its lower course was blocked by ice during the glacial period its waters backed up and formed a lake covering the valley. The fine sediments forming this soil were dropped at that time filling the valley to the highest point now seen in the development of this soil. When the river resumed its flow it began to cut a channel into its sediment-filled valley in a zigzag course, forming what are now the horseshoe bends. The river has now cut down to a rocky floor and is still widening its channel, although the process has not continued long enough to form extensive first bottoms. Some of the material entering into the formation of the type is doubtless residual in origin, being derived from the underlying sandy shale and massive sandstone beds. Such residual material is represented by the sandy layers in the lower subsoil already mentioned as developed in some places. A large proportion of the material entering into the com- position of the type has been washed from the productive Wesmoreland silty clay loam. In places near the foot of the upland slopes colluvial material has accumulated. Lying as it does upon terraces along streams, the Elk silt loam is a well-drained soil. It is mellow, friable and eas- ily cultivated. Its favorable surface and proximity to streams made it one of the first soils to be cleared and it has been under cultivation for a long time. It is devoted to the general farming crops of the region, of which corn is the most important. Under the present system of management the yields range from fair to good. The type could be greatly improved by the more extensive production ol leguminous crops and by the incorporation of organic matter. Much of it is devoted to grass for hay and pasture. Bluegrass and timothy give fairly good results and small grains, especially wheat, do well. This is one of the best soil types of the area for trucking, both in texture and in location. A ready local market SOILS G88 awaits its development for the production of vegetables. Irish potatoes, sweet corn, tomatoes, beets and cabbage should do especially well. Small fruits such as raspberries, blackberries and strawberries would also prove profita- ble. Most of the type is suited to apple orchard- ing, as the land lies high enough above the stream to have good air and water drainage. It has the best of facilities for marketing such products, as a railroad and electric line, the latter equipped for carrying freight and express, run through the West Fork Valley. The Elk silt loam is generally deficient in organic matter. The sod could be much improved by plowing under some green manuring crop, such as rye, clover, cowpeas or vetch, before reseeding. A profitable system of management would be to carry on dairying, trucking and fruit growing, using the manure from the dairy to enrich the soil. Chestnut formed the larger part of the original forest on this soil and the land is commonly spoken of as “chestnut land.” Farms of this type of soil bring high prices. Tyler Silt Loam. The Tyler silt loam consists of a grayish-brown to yel- lowish-gray friable silt loam, with a depth of about 8 inches, underlain by pale-yellow to yellow, compact, sticky clay ioam, more or less mottled with gray, drab and brown. It becomes heavier and more dense in structure with depth, be- ing frequently in the lower portion a silty clay. Its extent is small and unimportant, small scattered areas occurring over the two counties as second bottoms along some of the larger creeks. It is alluvial in origin and was deposited when the water of streams reached higher levels, or rather when their flow was impeded by the backwater of the larger streams when blocked by glacial ice. The sedi- ments forming the type are the wash from the contiguous uplands. The Tyler silt loam wherever found in the State is a compact soil, generally rather poorly drained, and therefore a cold, late soil. When thoroughly drained and properly WEST VIRGINIA GEOLOGICAL SURVEY 689 handled the surface is friable and mellow. Its greatest need is drainage and the incorporation of organic matter. With such improvement it can be made to yield fair crops. An application of 1 ton of burnt lime per acre or its equivalent in other forms of lime would benefit the soil. In the present survey it covers so small an area that it is unimportant. Mechanical analyses of typical samples ot the soil and subsoil give the following results : Mechanical Analyses of Tyler Silt Loam. Number Description Fine gravel Coarse sand Medium sand Fine sand T sf| .*■ Clay | Per Per Per Per Per | Per Per 1 cent. cent. | cent. cent. | cent. | cent. cent. 25345 [Soil | 0.1 1.6 1 1.7 3.5 3 . 7 1 68.1 20.9 25346. . . . Subsoil 1 -4 2.5 2.3 4.1 1 5.3| 45.6 39.7 Huntington Silt Loam. The Huntington silt loam consists of 10 to 12 inches of light-brown to brown, mellow silt loam underlain by yellow or yellowish-brown silt loam, usually becoming heavier and more compact with depth. ’Occasionally some gravelly frag- ments of shale and sandstone occur either as a definite sub- stratum or scattered indiscriminately through the soil mass. This condition is found along small streams which at times carry greatly increased volumes of water. The Huntington silt loam occurs in this area only in Harrison county, where it is found in all parts, though in small areas, as narrow strips of first bottom land along the streams. It is associated with the upland soils derived from the Monongahela and Conemaugh formations, and represents the wash from the bordering slopes. It is an alluvial soil of recent formation, and is practically always present on the creeks and branches, though as a rule in very narrow strips along the larger streams. The areas are not continuous, be- ing found only in narrow strips on the inner sides of curves or bends. The larger streams are still cutting their channels and not building flood plains. G90 SOILS While the extent of this soil is small, with its general distribution and its high productive power it is an important soil. Nearly every farm depends upon it for the production of the cultivated crops. Corn does especially well and good yields are obtained without fertilizers, the productiveness be- ing maintained by the addition of sediments at every over- flow. Grasses do well and large crops of hay may be ex- pected. The pasturage is excellent. Originally the Huntington silt loam supported a heavy forest growth of beech, maple, hickory, poplar and many other .deciduous trees. Like the Moshannon silt loam, the type is held in high esteem and is an important factor in determining farm values. Moshannon Silt Loam. The surface soil of the Moshannon silt loam to a depth of 8 to 12 inches consists of a mellow silt loam, varying in color from dark or chocolate-brown to reddish-brown. The sub- soil, like the soil, is a silt loam, though slightly heavier, of a more compact structure, and generally of a stronger red than the surface soil. In places the subsoil is yellowish or brown- ish yellow and very similar to the subsoil of the Hunting- ton silt loam, and areas occur where separation is difficult. Frequently a gravelly substratum is encountered at a depth of 24 inches or below. The gravel consists of pieces of shale and sandstone, merely rounded enough to be subangular, fully rounded, waterworn gravel not being of common occurrence. Similar fragments are sometimes found on the surface, es- pecially close to the streams or at their confluence. Along the banks of the streams the soil material frequently becomes sandy and, again, in places where the drainage is poor, it ap- pears more clayey, and the subsoil is drab colored or mottled drab, yellow and brown. Occurrences of the Moshannon silt loam are limited to Doddridge county and the western part of Harrison, where the type is associated with the soils derived from the Dun- kard formations. It represents wash from these types trans- ported by the streams and laid down in small strips as first WEST VIRGINIA GEOLOGICAL SURVEY 691 bottom land. These bottoms are always narrow and may be wanting along the larger streams, except on the inner side of bends. On the smaller streams and branches the type is al- most always in evidence. Though occurring in small areas, the type is an impor- tant one, as it is widely distributed. It forms a part of prac- tically every farm and is the soil most depended upon for the corn crop and for hay and grain as well. Corn does well on the overflowed alluvial lands and yields running from 50 to 100 bushels to the acre are common. One or two tons of timothy hay can be cut to the acre and crops of small grains grow luxuriantly and give good yields. The land is devoted mainly to corn and grass. It furnishes excellent pasturage throughout the grazing season. Being level, free from stones, easily worked, and highly productive, it is a desirable soil and held at much higher prices than the surrounding hill lands. While its actual mar- ket value can not be stated, the extent to which it occurs on farms largely determines their selling price. Holston Silt Loam. The Holston silt loam consists of 8 inches of friable, light-brown silt loam, underlain by pale-yellow silt loam, as a rule somewhat heavier than the surface, but often in lower depths, where it overlies sandstone and shale, somewhat sandy. The Holston silt loam is found mainly along Middle Is- land creek and its tributaries. A few small areas occur along other streams which do not traverse the Westmoreland silty clay loam or other calcareous soils of the area. It is a ter- race formation, occurring in the horseshoe bends from 20 to TOO feet or more above the streams. The material repre- sents sediments deposited by the streams when at a higher level than at present. The sediments came originally from the sandstones and shales, giving the residual types Meigs clay loam and Dekalb silt loam. Thus, while this type cor- responds in process of formation to the Elk silt loam, it differs in the materials from which derived the latter being 092 SOILS formed largely from the wash of calcareous soils. The Holston silt loam is noncalcareous and of lower productiveness than the Elk silt loam. It is low in organic matter and not a strong soil, being known locally as “light land.'’ It is an easy soil to cultivate, and by supplying humus it could be improved and made to produce much better yields of the general farm crops than it does at present. Rough Stony Land. Rough stony land is represented by steep and stony areas unfit for agriculture. The type occurs most frequently on steep hillsides, extending frequently from the top of the ridge to the stream below. It is caused by massive outcrops of sandstones that stand as sheer cliffs, below which the talus of boulders renders the land rough and stony. Frequently where the talus is absent the underlying shales are so close to the surface as to make cultivation difficult. The soil ma- terial is similar to that of the adjacent slopes and the term denotes a condition rather than difference of soil textures. Ex- cepting the areas of outcropping rock the land is covered by the prevailing tree growths and underbrush. Chestnut and oak are the most prominent species. Areas of rough stony land are not common and do not cover much territory. They are found here and there along streams, and are most numerous in Doddridge county, along the Ritchie and Tyler county lines, and up Middle Island creek and its tributaries, where the massive sandstone ap- pears above the drainage levels. A few scattered areas are found in other parts of the survey. The rough stony land should be left in forest. SUMMARY The Clarksburg area is situated in the north-central part of the State. It comprises Harrison and Doddridge counties, and has an area of 781 square miles, or 499,840 acres. It consists of an original high plateau cut by stream valleys eroded from 500 to 800 feet below the general upland level. WEST VIRGINIA GEOLOGICAL SURVEY 693 The altitude of the area ranges from 780 to 1,840 feet. The surface is hilly to broken. The general drainage of the area is into the Ohio river. Harrison county is drained by the West Fork river and its tributaries. Middle Island creek drains all of Doddridge coun - ty except the extreme southwest, which is drained by streams forming the headwaters of the Hughes river. The general flow of the drainage waters is in a northerly direction. The area was first settled at what is now Clarksburg in 1773 by immigrants from Maryland and Virginia. Settlement was slow until the discovery of minerals and the opening of the district for their development. Within the last 20 years a large influx of foreigners has taken place. The population of the county has doubled within that period, the census of 1910 showing 48,381 inhabitants. The area has good railroad facilities, being crossed by a trunk line of the Baltimore & Ohio Railroad system. Direct communication with Pittsburgh is had over a line down the valley of the West Fork river. The climate of the area is suited to general farming. The mean annual temperature is 53° F. ; the mean annual rainfall 43.5 inches. Stock raising is the leading industry of the farm, the land being in most places too hilly for successful cultivation. Grasses and hay are the principal crops. On cultivated areas corn, oats, some wheat and vegetables are the chief products. Eleven soil types, exclusive of rough stony land, were separated and mapped in the area. These may be divided into two classes according to origin: (1) residual soils and (2) transported or sedimentary soils. Meigs clay loam is the most extensive type in the area. It covers most of the uplands of Doddridge and of western Harrison counties. Its topography is steep and broken. It is used largely for pasture or remains in forest. The Upshur clay, derived from beds of red shales, occur in small areas on hillsides. It is a productive soil and ranks next to the limestone soil (Westmoreland silty clay loam) in adaptability to bluegrass. The Upshur silt loam is of small extent, being limited to SOILS 091 areas in the central districts on the extreme western boundary of Doddridge county. It is a strong, productive sail. The Dekalb silty clay loam is associated with the limestone land of Harrison county, but like the Dekalb silt loam is not a strong soil, not holding grass well. It is characterized by hilly topography and occurs on very steep slopes. The Westmoreland silty clay loam is the limestone land of Harrison county and is especially prized as grazing land because of its natural adaptation to bluegrass. Stock grazing is most important on the farms of this type. The valley soils are those of the high terraces and the first bottoms. The Elk silt loam is found on the high ter- races in the main stream valleys. It is not a strong grass soil, but can be easily improved and has a wide range in adaptation. It offers opportunities for the development of a trucking industry to supply local markets in the towns and at the mines. The Tyler silt loam is a second-bottom soil of small ex- tent. The first-bottom lands comprise two types, the Moshan- non silt loam and the Huntington silt loam. The former occurs in the western part of the area and is influenced by the wash from the red shale soils. The Huntington silt loam is a brownish first-bottom soil and is closely asso- ciated with the limestone lands of the county. Both these types are very productive and are most important in the agriculture of the county, though the areas are small and scattered. Rough stony land comprises the precipitous cliffs of massive sandstone on the hillsides, with talus slopes beneath. They have no value except for forestry and grazing. The average size of farms in Doddridge county is 107.6 acres and in Harrison 116.7 acres. The percentage of farms operated by the owners in Doddridge county is 75.7 and in Harrison 81.5. Farm labor is scarce, better wages being paid in the oil and gas fields. With the development of these resources and the sale of coal lands considerable revenue accrues to land- WEST VIRGINIA GEOLOGICAL SURVEY 695 owners in royalties and rentals, making them generally pros- perous. This fact has diverted attention from farming. Stock raising should be extended. By improving the pastures by reseeding oftener and by using fertilizers the grazing capacity of the land could be greatly increased. The rougher lands should be utilized for sheep raising. Fruit growing might well be developed and apples in particular would do well on the north and east slopes. The terrace soils are adapted to truck crops, for which there is a strong demand in local markets. The same is true of dairy products and poultry. The opportunity for systematic forestry appears promis- ing. Much of the rough land is suited to little else. Many of the steep slopes now suffering from erosion might be refor- ested and the timber grown used for fence posts. This would seem to be the type of forestry offering the most immediate profits. APPENDIX LEVELS ABOVE MEAN TIDE IN THE DODDRIDGE-HARRISON AREA. Grafton and Parkersburg Branch of the Baltimore & Ohio Railroad. 0.0 17.2 22.2 23.7 25.8 26.9 29.5 31.0 33.6 35.6 36.8 41.2 43.6 46.4 48.0 49.5 52.5 55.7 56.7 103.1 | Graf ten Katy Lick R. R. Junction Wo’f Summit Maken Bristol Salem Industrial School Long Run Morgansville Smithburg Rock Run West Union Count) Elevation above Tide Feet iTaylor | 999.85 Harrison .... | 984.00 |Harrison 1008.7 [Harrison .... | 965.0 Harrison .... 985.0 Harrison .... 1013.0 'Harrison .... 1133.0 Harrison 1054.0 Harrison .... 1030.0 Harrison .... 1047.0 Harrison .... 1074.0 Doddridge . . 855.0 Doddridge . . 813.0 Doddridge . . 797.0 Doddridge . . 788.0 Doddridge . . 822.0 Doddridge . . 816.0 Doddridge . . 950.00 Doddridge . . 874.0 ! Wood 642.0 Monongahela River Branch of the Baltimore & Ohio Railroad Distance from Fairmont Miles Station County Elevation above Tide Feet 0.0 | Fairmont Marion 882.66 13 . 3 Enterprise Harrison .... 909.91 14.3 15.5 Viropa Riverdale Harrison .... Harrison .... 906.76 907.66 15.9 I Shinnston Harrison .... 908.93 i 19.2 1 Haywood Harrison .... 912.09 20.8 Gypsy Harrison .... 912.16 21.5 | Maulsby Harrison .... 926.46 23.4 I Meadowbrook Harrison .... 920.50 24.8 Haning Harrison Harrison .... 935.96 28.1 Glen Falls 928.50 30.6 North view Harrison .... 975.06 31.4 W. Va. & Pittsburgh Junction Harrison .... 993.46 32.1 Clarksburg Harrison .... 1008.72 WEST VIRGINIA GEOLOGICAL SURVEY 69 West Virginia & Pittsburgh Branch of the B. & O. R. R. Distance from Ciarksb'g Station County Miles Elevation above Tide Feet 0.0 (Clarksburg Harrison 1008.72 | 951.30 963.46 1016.30 | 1026.30 2199.80 1.3 (West C’arksburg Harrison .... Harrison .... Harrison .... Harrison .... Nicholas .... 5 3 (Lynch Mine (Station) 7.2 (Byron 12.2 Lost Creek 121.0 Richwood West Virginia Short Line Branch of the B. & O. R. R. Distance from N. Martinsville' Station Miles County Elevation above tide Feet 0 0 New Martinsville Wetzel 633.7 965. 33.35 Bridge No. 328, Talkington Creek.... Harrison .... 34.00 Bridge No. 334, Fishing Creek Harrison .... 994. 35.87 [Tunnel No. 3, West end Harrison .... 1078.82 37.00 Bridge No. 364, Mud Lick Run Harrison .... 1068. 38.67 |Bridge No. 380, Little Ten Mile Creek. Harrison 1038. 38.85 Bridge No. 382, Little Ten Mile Creek. Harrison .... 1034.5 38.89 | WALLACE Harrison .... 1034 39.10 Bridge No. 384, Little Ten Mile Creek. Harrison .... 1030.5 39.29 Bridge No. 386, Little Ten Mile Creek. Harrison .... 1027.5 40.34 Bridge No. 397, Little Ten Mile Creek. Harrison .... 1009 41.01 Bridge No. 404, Little Ten Mile Creek. Harrison 1001.5 41.22 | BROWN Harrison .... 999 41.71 (Bridge No. 411, Little Ten Mile Creek. Harrison .... 995.5 42.36 Bridge No. 418, Little Ten Mile Creek. Harrison .... 984 42.72 Bridge No. 421, Little Ten Mile Creek. Harrison .... 979.5 42.98 (Bridge No. 424, Little Ten Mile Creek. Harrison .... 976 43.85 |Bridge No. 432, Little Ten Mile Creek. Harrison .... 967.5 44.52 Bridge No. 439, Little Ten Mile Creek. Harrison .... 959 44.70 Bridge No. 441, Little Ten Mile Creek. Harrison .... 957 44.96 Bridge No. 443, Little Ten Mile Creek Harrison .... 953 45.32 Bridge No. 447, Little Ten Mile Creek. Harrison .... 948.5 46.38 [Bridge No. 458, Little Ten Mile Creek. Harrison .... 936 47.83 Bridge No. 472, Little Ten Mile Creek. Harrison .... 934 48.09 |Bridge No. 475, Little Ten Mile Creek. Harrison .... 933 49.13 (Bridge No. 485, Little Ten Mile Creek. Harrison .... 925 49.27 (LUMBERPORT Harrison .... 927.83 49.46 Bridge No. 488, Little Ten Mile Creek. Harrison .... 927.08 49.68 Bridge No. 491, Little Ten Mile Creek. Harrison .... 929 52.49 IBridge No. 518, Lambert Run Harrison .... 988.08 54.10 Hepzibah Summit Harrison .... 1033.12 57.16 Bridge No. 566, Crooked Run Harrison .... 985 58.25 Bridge No. 576, Limestone Run Harrison .... 969 58.55 (Adamston Harrison .... 968 59.21 IBridge No. 586, Elk Creek Harrison . . . . j 970 59.6 1 CLARKSBURG Harrison ....( 1008.72 For other elevations, determined by the United States Geological Survey, and arranged by quadrangles, the reader is referred to Bulletin II of the West Virginia Geological Survey. INDEX A Page Abbreviations, Doddridge re- cords 288-289 Abbreviations, Harrison re- cords 406-407, 426 Acme Carbon Co 656, 659 Adams, J. J., No. 1 302, 400 Adams, Wm., No. 1 298 Adamston, Acct. of 25 Adamston section 117 Adamsville section 107 Adolescence of rivers 33 Age of rivers 33 Agriculture 666-671 Albers, Christian, No. 1 85, 300, 384 Albright, G. W., Nos. 1 & 3. 414, 464 Albright, G. W., No. 2 414 Allegheny Series, Thickness ... 130 Allen, Benton, No. 5 292, 325 Allen, Boyd, No. 1 422 Allen, Israel, No. 1 292, 323 Allen, M N., No. 1 292 Allen, W. B., No. 7 292, 325 Allen, Wm. T., No. 1 410, 448 Allender, C. D., No. 1 298 Alliance section 141 Ames limestone 250-256 Ames shale 250 Analyses of coal 633-640 Analyses of Natural gas 508 Anderson, B. F., No. 2 420 Andrews 250 Ankrom, David No. 1 298 Ann Run section 222 Anns Run, Coal on 256 Ann Run, Limestone on 250 Anticline, Definition of 48 Anticlines, Description of: Arches Fork 5J Beards Run 59 Big Moses 54 Chestnut Ridge 58 Ruraldale 60 Wolf Summit 56 Arches Fork anticline 55 Area by districts: Doddridge county 6 Harrison county 11 Arnold creek 36, 45 Arnold creek, coal along 189 Arnoldsburg sandstone 194 Ash, Angeline, No. 1 422, 530 Ash, J. H., No. 1 292, 323 Ash, L. E., No. 159 414 Ash, Silas, No. 2 292, 329 Ash, Thomas, No. 1 292 Ashcraft, A. J., No. 1 290,307 Ashcraft, A. J., core test 290 Ashcraft, Caleb, No. 1 290 Page Ashcraft, Chas., No 1 416 Ashcraft, Curtis, No 1 418 Ashcraft, Geo., No. 1 290, 307 Ashcraft, Joseph, No. 1...420, 518 Ashcraft, O. V., No. 2117.. 416, 492 Ashcraft, Wm., No. 1 422 Ashley, Coal near 158 Ashley section 136 Avon, coal near 164 Axis of folds' 48 Ayers, L. J., No. 1 414,474 B Bailey, A. C., Nos. 1 & 8 410, 452, 455 Bailey, Calvern, No. 1 410 Bailey, F. M., No. 1 414, 475 Ba’Tey, Marshall, No. 1...410, 442 Baker, J. C., No. 1 408 Baker, Sarah, No. 1 416, 489 Bakerstown coal 267 Ballouz, A. C., No. 1 290, 309 Baltimore & Ohio R. R. : Coal on 257, 640 Levels on 696-697 Monongahela River Branch... 2 Southwest Branch 2 W. Va. & Pittsburgh Branch. . .2 W. Va. Short Line Branch 3 Barnard Coal Co 608, 638 Barnes, Susan, No. 5 410, 454 Barnett run. Limestone on 238 Bartlett, Addison, No. 1 422 Bartlett, C. D. No. 1 290, 318 Bartlett, Dora (J. R.), No. 1.. 420, 516 Bartlett, F. J., No. 1 290, 317 Bartlett, Homer, No. 1 412 Bartlett, J. R., No. 1 420, 519 Bartlett, J. R., coal mine.. 575, 635 Bartlett, L. E., No. 1 408, 434 Bartlett, S. R.„ coal mine 206 Bartlett, S. T., No. 1 292 Bassell Heirs Nos. 1 & 2.. 424, 543 Bassell, L. M., No. 1 424, 542 Bates-Harbert No. 1 408, 436 Bates, Ucal, No. 1941 290, 305 Bayard sand 283 Beacon Carbon Black plant. . . 656, 660 Bean, J. W., coal mine 576 Beards Run anticline 59 Beards Run section 223 Bee, Rachael (Wy cliff), No. 1 298, 367 Beech Heirs No. 1 422 Beede, J. W., Report of 253 Bender, J. G„ No. 1 422 Benedum Heirs No. 1 422 Benedum. J. D., coal mine. 160, 633 Bennett, E. T., No. 1 408, 429 Bennett, Frank L 647 INDEX. 699 Page Bennett, I. C., No. 1 414, 480 Bennett, Mary A., No. 2 408 Bennett, Stephen, No. 2 Bennett, T. C-, Nos. 1 & 3.408, 434 Benson, Population of •"£ Benson section 102 Benwood limestone Vo?? Berea Grit sand 85, 277 Bice, Beckwith, No. 1 414 Bice, H. H., No. 1 420 Bice, H. H., core test 420 Bice, J. L., No. 1 420 Big Battle section .74 Big Dunkard sand •••274 Big Injun sand 277, 281 Big Isaac, Acct. of 10 Big Isaac sections 89, 140 Big Lime 276 B'g Moses anticline 54 Bingamon creek 36, 40 Birmingham shale 248 Bishop, I. C., No. 1 424 Blake, L. D, No. 1 424, 048 Bland, H. J., coal mine 163 Bland, John, No. 1 300, 387 Blue Monday sand 334 Blue Ridge Coal Co. . .563, 590, 635 Bode, Henry, No. 1 300, 385 Bode, James H., Nos. 1 & 8.. 298, 381 Bode, John A., Nos. 1 & 2.298, 381 Bode, Wm. H 298, 381 Boggess, E. S., No. 1 290 Boggess, Lee (C. E)., No. 4.. 418, 501 Boiier tests of coal 605, 610 Booher, Frank, No. 1 418 Booher, W. J.. No. 1 290 Booth (Carr) H., No. 1....424, 554 Booths creek 36, 42 Boothsville section 109 Boughner, D., No. 1 412, 464 Brady, S. D..579, 580, 581, 582, 591, 592, 593, 594, 598, 599, 600, 601, 602, 603, 604, 610, 611, 614, 615 Bramer, Benj., No. 1 410 Brannon, P., No. 1 300, 348 Brick Plants 346-350 Bridgeport, Acct. of 26 Bridgeport clay mine 236 Bridgeport, Coal at 257 Bridgeport electric line 3 Bridgeport Lamp Chimney Co.. 27 Bridgeport, Pottery at 27 Bridgeport Saw & P. M. Co., No. 1 422, 535 Bridgeport sections ... 119, 245, 251 Briggs, I. L 18 Bristol, Acct. of 29 Bristol, Coal near 167 Bristol limestone 168 British Thermal Unit 565 Britton, Fielding, No. 1 296 Broadwater, C. P., No. 1..298, 371 Brohard, J. I., Coal on.... 256, 640 Brooks, A. B 653, 654 Brown, B. H., Nos. 12 & 13. 412, 464 Brown, B. W., No. 1 422, 528 Brown, J. W., No. 1 422 Brown, W. B., No. 1588... 414, 481 Brown, Acct. of 31 Page Brown, Coal near 166, 192 Brown section 90 Browns creek 36 Browns creek, Quarries along. 230 Brush creek coal 269 Brush Creek limestone 269 Brushy Fork section 208 Buffalo sandstone 268 Building stone 651-653 Burchfield syncline 60 Burnside, Asa 215 Burnside, G. W., No. 1 302,400 Burnside & Smith No. 1. . .424, 551 Burnside, Mary J., No. 1..424, 552 Burnside, W. S. No. 1 414, 481 Burnside, W. S., No. 1 414 Burton sandstone 148 Bush, C. L 16 Byron, Acct. of 28 Byron Coal Co 564, 612, 639 Byron, Quarries at 230-231 Byron section 122 C Cabot, Godfrey L., Paper by. 657-660 Cain, Ed., No, 1 296 Cain, Silas, No. 1 294, 343 Cain, Vincent, No. 1 296, 351 Caldwell, Chas., coal mine 162 Camden Heirs No. 1 290, 313 Camden, J. N 2 Campbell, Jos. M., No. 1 416 Canton, Coal near 159 Canton section 75 Carbon Black industry 656-660 Carbon Black, Manufacture of. 657-660 Carder, Isaac, No. 2 416 Carboniferous rocks, Table of. 68-69 Carder, J. B., No. 1 302 Carr, J. M., No. 1 422 Carr, M. J.. No. 1 294, 339 Carter, Harrison, No. 1 422 Carter-Harris No, 1 298, 364 Cascara section 137 Cassville Plant shale 176 Castle Brook Carbon Co... 656, 659 Catskill series, Thickness .... 130 Cavalier, S. A., No. 4 408, 432 Centerpoint oil pool..., 285 Centerpoint, Acct. of 9 Centerpoint, Coal near 158-159 Centerpoint section 72 Central District, Area of 6 Central District, Minable coal. 323 Central District, Prospective oil. 369 Central District sections ....80-32 Central District well records 363-370 Central Fairmont C. Co 563, 607, 638 Central Station, Acct. of 8 Central Sta., Meteorological data 663-664 Central Station section 139 Chalfant, Nettie (Martha), No. 1 420, 520 Chalfant, Wm., No. 1878.. 416, 492 700 INDEX. Page Chambers, W. A 516 Chapman, L. G., No. 1....298, 381 Chemung series, Thickness of. 130 Chestnut Ridge anticline ..58 Cheuvront, Joseph, No. 1..296, 356 Chisler, John, No. 1 296, 366 Clark and Schuchert 122 Clark, Geo. R 15 Clark, Charlotte, No. 3.... 302, 399 Clark, Marcellus, No. 2 ... 302, 400 Clark District, Area of H Clark District, Minable coal... 629 Clark District, Prospective oil.530 Clark District sections ...114-118 Clark District well records. . . 528-531 Clarksburg: Account of 13 Glass industries 15 Limestone at 226 Miscellaneous industries 17 Population 15 Clarksburg Casket Co 19 Clarksburg coal, Little 231 Clarksburg Foundry and Cast- ing Co 19 Clarksburg fire clay shale. 236, 644 Clarksburg Gas Coal Co 564, 571, 615, 633, 640 Clarksburg Glass Co 15 Clarksburg High Grade Shale Brick Co 647 Clarksburg limestone 237-240 Clarksburg Opalescent Glass Works 17 Clarksburg red shale .240 Clarksburg section 112, 182 Clays, Transported 644-646 Clarksburg Zinc Co 18 Clays and clay industry ... 643-646 Clay District, Area of 11 Clay District, Minable coal.... 627 Clay District, Prospective oil. 522 Clay District, Sections ...107-110 Clay District well records . 505-522 Cleiland, James 15 Climate 661-666 Coal Analyses, Table of... 633-640 Coal, Chapter on 560-642 Coal, Minable 565 Coal, Minable, by districts . 621-631 Coal mines, Page reference to. 641 Coal, Summary of 620 Coal production, Statistics of: Harrison county 561-564 Order of counties 561 Coals, Diagram of 566 Coals of Allegheny series . 619-620 Coals of Conemaugh series . . 617-618 Coals of Dunkard series 565 Coals of Monongahela series. 568-617 Coal District, Area of 11 Coal District, Minable coal.... 628 Coal District, Prospective oil. .527 Coal District sections 110-114 Coal District, well records . . 522-528 Coffindaffer, Abram, Nos. 2 & 3 414, 475 Coffindaffer, Emily F., No. 1...416 Page Coffman, E L., No. 1 418, 500 Coffman, E. L., No. 2362 418 Coffman, Felix, No. 1 408, 434 Coffman, Geo., No. 1 413 Coffman, James, No. 1 418, 493 Coffman, Luther, No. 1 416 Coffman, Theodore, No. 1 418 Coke production 562-564 Coking tests of coal 606, 610 Coldwater sections 86, 139 Cole, D. M., coal mine 212 Coleman, Thos., Jr 17 Collins, Alfred, coal mine. 190, 633 Conemaugh Series, Discussion of 220-269 Conemaugh Series, Thickness of 130 Conley, Arthur, No. 1 424, 557 Conley, Edward, No. 1....294, 424 Connellsville sandstone ...229-231 Consolidation Coal Co. well.... 422 Consolidation Coal Co., No. 1..420 Consolidation Coal Co.: Mine No. 21. . 562, 590, 636 Mine No. 23. . 562 M i- ne No. 25. . 562, 603, 638 Mine No. 27. . 562, 594, 636 Mine No. 29. . 562, 603, 638 Mine No. 31. . 562, 639 Mine No 32. . 562, 585, 635 Mine No.' 33. . Mine No. 35. . 562, 599, 637 Mine No. 36. . 583, 634 Mine No. 39. . 562, 611, 639 Mine No. 40. . <.562, 580, 634 Mme No. 42. . Mine No. 44. . 562, 614, 639 Mine No 46. . 562, 610, 639 Mine No. 48. . 562, 595, 636 Mine No. 49. . Mine No. 50. . . .562, 599, 600, 637 Mine No. 51. . 562, 581, 634 Mine No. 52. . 562, 604, 638 Mme No. 54. . 562, 583, 634 Mine No. 55. . 562, 592, 636 Mine No. 58. . 563, 603, 638 Mine No. 60. . 563, 612, 639 Mine No. 61 . . . 585, 634-635 Mine No. 62. . . .563, 595, 636-637 Mine No. 64. . 563, 614, 639 Mine No. 65. . 563, 580, 634 Mine No. 66. . 563, 581, 634 Glen Falls Mine 562,594,636 Maulsby Mine 591,636 O’Neil Mine No. 2 599,637 Reynoldsville Mine 597,637 Cook C. & C. Co 563,592,636 Cook & Hart Coal Co 564 Cookman, Adam, No. 1 424 Coon, Robt. W., No. 1 112, 422, 527 Cooper, Frank, No. 1 296, 367 Copeland Heirs No. 1 412, 472 Copenhaver, Acena, No. 1.416, 486 Copenhaver, J. E., No. 1..416, 485 Coplin Heirs No. 1 ..120 Cornell and Lang, Coal on. 258, 640 Corona C. & C. Co 563, 596, 637 Corpening, Alice, No. 1....420, 510 Corpening, Geo. E., No. 1 422 Cost, John, No. 1 117, 422 Costilow, Joseph, No. 1 294 INDEX 701 Page Costilow, W. A., No. 1 294 Coulehan, John, No. 1 296, 354 County Farm No. 1 298 Cove creek 36 Cove District, Area of 6 Cove District, Minable coal. ...623 Cove District, Prospective oil development 385 Cove District section 83-85 Cove District, well records.. 381-386 Cow Run sand, 1st 273 Cow Run sand, 2nd 274 Cox, D. E., No. 1 302 Cox. Jacob, No. 1 300, 394 ,300, 77, 393 420 294 Cox, J. M.j No. 1 . . . Cox & Reed No. 1 . . Crabtree, J. D., No. Craigmoor, Limestone near.... 263 Creston Red Shale 155 Crinoidal coal 256 Crocker-Hall No. 1 416, 476 Cronmeyer, E. L 18 Crook, B. M., core test 300 Crooked Run, Coal at 233 Cross, S. S., No. 1 412, 452, 469 Cumberledge, George, Nos. 1 & 2 . . .292 320 Cumbridge, Henry, No. (£).... 292 Cumpston, J. C., No. 1....300, 394 Cunningham, Dan’l F., No. 1. 416, 490 Cunningham, J. B., No. 1.... 105, 418, 493, 508 Cunningham, Jack, No. 1933.. 298 368 Curry, Frank C., No. 1. . . .416, 475 D Dakon, J. G., No. 3 412, 465 Daniel Coal Co 564, 613, 639 Davidson, Edgar, No. 1 302 Davis, Albert A., No. 1....294, 347 Davis, C. G., No. 1 294, 340 Davis, Felix, No 1 294 Davis, F. M., No. 1 414 Davis, Hick, No. 1 300, 396 Davis, H. S., No. 1 416,484,487 Davis, Isaac, No. 1 290 Davis, Levi, No. 1 424 Davis, Lloyd, No. 1 296, 353 Davis, L. D., No. 1 302 Davis, L. T., No. 1 296, 355 Davis, Lucius, No. 1 422 Davis, O. G., No. 1 302 Davis, R. G., No. 3 302, 400 Davis He’rs No. 1 420 Davis, S. O., No. 1 424 Davisson, A. H 126, 424, 557 Davisson, Claude, No. 1 123, 422, 539 Davisson, C. W., No. 1....290, 314 Davisson, Edgar, No. 1....392, 402 Davisson, Josiah, coal mine... 159 Davisson, Josiah, No. 1..299, 306 Davisson, L. B., No. 1....424, 547 Davisson, M. V., No. 1 412, 458 Davisson, M., Nos. 6 & 11.... 294, 348, 412, 459 Davisson, M. K., No. 1840.408, 441 Davisson, Reason, No. 1 424 Page Davisson, R. B., No. 1 294 Davisson, S. J., No. 1 421, 547 Dav ; sson Run, Coal on 258 Dekalb silt loam 682 Dekalb silty clay loam 680 Dekalb silty clay loam, Analy- sis of 682 Denham. M. E. & E. G., No. 1 . .418 Dennison, E. L., No. 1 408 Dennison, E. L., No. 1 410 Dennison, J. W., No. 13 412 Despard, B. M 91 Devonian rocks, Table of G9 Devonian rocks, Thickness of. .130 Dewhurst, J. B., Nos. 1 & 18. 292, 319 Deweytown, Coal near 192 Deweytown section 97 Diamond Carbon Black Co 656 Dillon, Mary V., No. 1 300, 393 Dixie Mine 610 Doak, Charles, No. 1 292, 329 Doddridge County: Area by districts 6 Description of 6 Elevation of 6 Farm products 7 Population of 6 Sections in 69-89 Towns of 8 Valuation of property 7 Well records in 287-405 Well records, Summarized. 4C7U-OUO Dola, Population of 31 Dola sections 205, 232 Dolan, M., No. 1 412 Dotson, D. L., No. 1 :296, 352 Dotson, Finley, No. 1 296, 363 Douglas, S. H., No. 1 298, 368 Drummond, F. J., No. 1512.... 418 Duckworth* W. A., No. 1..296, 366 Dunkard coal 151 Dunkard formations, Descrip- tion of 143-177 Dunkard sand, Big 274 Dunkard sand, Little 273 Dunkard series: Age of 177 Description of 132 Doddridge Co., Sections of. 136-140 General section of .134 Harrison Co., Sections of. 140-143 Thickness of 130 Dunkin, W. F 27 Dye & Wise Nos. 1 & 2 290 E Eagle District, Are£t of 11 Eagle District, Minable coal. ..626 Eagle District, Prospective oil. 505 Eagle District sections ...104-107 Eagle District well records.. 484-505 Eagle Mills, Coal near 158 Eddy, Isaac, Nos. 1 & 2 302 Edgell, Chas., No. 1 292 Edgell, E. E., No. 1 414 Edgell, T. B., Nos. 1 & 3 292 70 2 INDEX. Page Edgell, W. N.j No. 2147... 410, 447 Electric Railroads 3 Elk creek 36, 43 Elk District, Area of 11 Elk District, M’nable coal 631 Elk District, Prospective oil. ..559 Elk District sections 126-129 Elk District well records .. 554-559 Elk Lick coal 242-245 Elk Lick limestone 245 Elk silt loam 686 Ellifritt, . F., coal mine 162 ElEott, S. A., No. 1 420, 520 Elm Grove limestone 176 Engstrom, Harold 656 Enterprise, Acct. of 29 Enterprise gauging station 37 Eshenf elder, A. W ..16 Estlack, E. M., No. 2 410 Estlack, F. S., No. 1 290 Ewing limestone 262 F Fair Ground Imp. Co. No. 1. . . .422 Fairmont & Balto. C. & C. Co 564, 601, 638 Fairmont & Clarksburg Trac- tion Co 3 Fairs, Walter S., No. 1 416 Fancher, Wm., No. 1 420 Farnum, Population of 31 Fauna of Ames limestone. . 253-255 Fayette Coal Co 564, 587, 635 Fifth sand 283 Fifty-foot sand 278 Finley Heirs, Loretta, No. 1...414 F’rst Cow Run sand 273 Fish Creek coal 149 Fish Creek sandstone 149 Fisher, Chas., No. 1 300, 385 Fisher, Louisa (Fred), No. 3. 300 392 Fittro,’ Siias,* No. i. .' ! ! ! ! . 412,’ 459 Fittro, Silas, No. 2 412, 452 Flanagan, A. W. P., No. 2 412 Flanagan, James, No. 2145.410, 450 Flanagan, S. T., No. 1 410,446 Flanagan, Wm., No, 1 298 Flannagan Heirs 80 Fleming, Lafayette, No. 1.296, 361 Fleming, Sanford, No 1..414, 477 Flint, John, No. 2 ’ 412 Flint Run 36 Flowers, F., stone quarry 201 Foley, B., et al., No. 1 296 Folsom oil pool 286 Fonda sections 92, 142 Forests 653-655 Ford Heirs, I. H., core test.... 290 Ford, E. O., No. 1 296 Fortney, Clara, No, 1 410 Fortney, Ellis, No. 1 418, 497 Fossil fauna 253-255 Foster No. 1 424 Fourth sand 282 Fox, Robt., et al.. No. 1 424 Freeman Bros. No. 1 294 Freeman Heirs No. 1 302 Freeman, Joseph, No. 1 296 Freeman, J. F., No. 1 424 Freeman, Wtm., No. 1 296 Page Fretto, S., No. 4 412 Friendsville coal 256 Frum, George, No. 1 290, 315 Frum, S., No. 153 310 Frum, Solomon, No. 1 290 Fuel ratio 565 Fuel tests of coal . 604-606, 609-610 Fulton green shale 197 Fultz Heirs No. 1092 412 Fultz, J. M., Nos. 4 & 6 412, 464 Furner, H. M., No. 1 414, 471 G Gabbert, Mary E., No. 1 300 Gain, Columbus, No. 1 412 Gainer, L., No. 1 300 Gaines, Samuel, No. 2 412 Gamp, John, No. 1 300, 385 Gantz sand 278 Gaston, Clark, coal mine 212 Gaston, Ella M., No. 1 298 Gaston, Enoch, No. 1 424, 551 Gaston, Morris, coal mine 163 Gaston, S. M., No. 1 298, 375 Gaston, Wm., No 1 414, 482 Gawthrop, D, H 118 Gemps, John, No. 1 300, 385 General sections: Conemaugh series 220 Dunkard series 134 Monongahela series 179 Geologic structure 48 George Heirs mine 158 Geo-syncline 53 Gifford, F. M., No. 1 408, 439 Gifford, T. F., No. 2102 422, 524 Gilboy sandstone 186 Gilmore coal 145 Gilmore limestone 14 6 Gilmore sandstone 145 Glacial effects 35, 47 Glass Industries: Doddridge county 8 Harrison county 15-17 Glen Falls, Acct. of 30 Glen Falls section 227 Glen View Brick Co 648 Goff, Nathan No. ( ) 422 Goff, Nathan, No. 39 408,439 Goff, Nathan, No. 45 92,408 Goodhope, Population of 31 Goodhope sections 103, 223 Goodwin, John No. 2 410 Goodwin, John T., No. 1..410, 453 Gordon sand 280 Gordon sand data, Table, Stout field 378 Gordon Stray sand 279 Gore Station section 181 Gore, Howard, No. 1 418, 504 Gore Heirs coal mine 233, 640 Grafton sandstone 248 Grangeville, Coal near 191 Grant Dist., Doddridge, Area of. 6 Grant Dist., Doddridge, Min- able coal 621 Grant Dist., Doddridge, Pros- pective oil 350 Grant Dist., Doddridge, sec- tions 74-79 INDEX. ?03 Page Grant Dist., Doddr’dge, Well records 327-349 Grant Dist., Harrison, Area of. 11 Grant Dist., Harrison, Minable coal 630 Grant Dist., Harrison, Pros- pective oil 553 Grant Dist., Harrison, Sec- tions 122-126 Grant Dist., Harrison, Wells. 538-554 Graselli Chemical Co 18 Grassland sections 120, 235 Gravels 651 Graves, Frank, No. 1 412 Gray, David W., Nos. 1 & 2 . . 298, 373 Gray, W. M., No. 1...107, 420, 516 Gray, W. M., Coal on 516, 640 Greathouse, A. M., No. 1..300, 392 Greenbrier Dist., Area of 6 Greenbrier Dist.. Minable coal. 624 Greenbrier Dist., Prospective oil 405 Greenbrieer Dist., Sections .87-89 Greenbrier Dist., Well re- cords 396-405 Greenbrier limestone, Acct. of 276 Greenbrier limestone, Thick- ness of 130 Greenwood, Acct. of 10 Greenwood, Coal near 162 Greenwood section 80 Gribble, C. S., No. 1..124, 424, 548 Gribble, G. M 124 Gribble, J. M., coal mine 188 Gribble, John. No. 1 300, 393 Gribble, John, Nos. 2 & 3.... 300, 391, 392 Gribble & Dufore No. 1. . . .296, 356 Griffin, B. F., No. 1 416, 491 Griffin, Nancy, No. 6 422 449 Griffith, W. C., No. 1 ’.298 Grimsley, G. P..169, 170, 176, 177, 197, 643, 644, 647, 648, 652, 653 Grove section...^ 84 Grove, Coal near 163 Gunton, W. B., Coal Co „ 564, 596, 637 Gypsy, Acct of 28 Gypsy sections 181, 214 H Haas, Frank 615 Hackers creek 36,44 Haggerty, E. L. (Nancy), No. „ 1 410, 448 Hall, H. A., No. 1 416 Hall, J. M., No.' 1 102,416,476 Hall, Mary, No. 2 408,427 Hall, Omar E., Nos. 1 & 3 408, 431, 433 Hall, W. L., No. 3 416, 47f> Hall, W. R. G., No. 5 408, 431 ■Hamrrck, S. E., No. 1 110, 422, 504,524 Haney, F. M., No. 1 412,462 Haney, John, No. 1 412,468 Hansford, S. A., No. 1 298 Harbert, G. E., No. 1 412,458 Page Harbert, Jesse A., No. 1. . .412, 463 Harbert, J. A., No. 2142 ... 418, 495 Harbert, Luther, No. 1 .420, 508,509 Harbert, Noah, No. 1 410 Harbert, Thos. E., No. 1 418 Harbert, W. B., No. 607 290 Hardesty, G. L., No. 7 420, 514 Hardesty, R. R., No. 1 287, 420, 511 Hardesty, Wm., No. 1 416 Hardman, H. H., No. 1 292 Hardman, O. W. O., No. 25... 292, 325 Hardman, O. W. O., No. 54... 292, 326 Hardman oil pool 285 Hardway, Austin, No. 1 414 Hardway, John H., No. 1 424, 544 Harker, Robt., No. 1 296, 353 Harlem coal 256-261,617-618 Harris, Dan H., Nos. 2 & 3.. 298,365 Harris, Gary, coal mine. . .209, 633 Harris, John, No. 1 298, 365 Harris oil pool 286 Harrison County: Area by districts 11 Coal production of 561-564 Description of 10 Elevation of 11 Population of 11 Products of 12 Towns of 13, 31 Valuation of property 12 Well records 406-559 f Well records, Summarized.. 406.-426 Harrison Co. Coal Co 563, 593,636 Harry B. C. & C. Co. . .564, 609, 639 Hart Bros. Machine Co 18 Hart, Ira 18 Hart, J. B 18 Hartley Heirs, A. W., No. 1 . . Hartley Heirs, A, W., No. 3. Hastings Run, Coal on 259 Haught, D. M., No. 1 298,370 Haught, Eli, No. 1 292 Hawker, Thos., No. 1 416 Hawkins, W. B. No. 3 292 Haymond, Henry 4, 20, 24, 25, 26, 39 Haymond, Luther, No. 1... 410, 452 Haymond, Luther, No. 15.. 410, 453 Haywood Coal Min. Co 563, 582, 634 Hazel-Atlas Glass Co 16 Herald, John, No. 1 408,436 Heffner, Harvey, No. 2038.414,478 Heldreth, B. F., No. 1 418,495 Heldreth, Benj., No. 1 408,442 Heldreth, Lemuel, No. 1 418 Heldreth, Mary E., No. 1.. 408, 429 Heldreth, O. E., No. 2 408,428 Heldreth section 69 Helmick, B. D., No. 1476 .. 294, 338 Henry, Eugene, coal tests 298 INDEX. 704 Page Hero C. & C. Co 536, 590, 636 Hess, Isaac, No. 1 416 Hession, John, No. 1 294,349 Hickman, Lewis, No. 1.... 302, 402 Hickman, Wm., No. 1 410 High Grade Coal Co. . .564, 572, 633 Highways 4 Hill, S. F., No. 1 290 Hinkle, Abe, No. 1 302 Historical and Industrial de- velopment 1-32 History of transportation 1 Hite, B. H 565 Hochstrasser, P. E 15 Holston silt loam 691 Holt, J. F. (F. M.), No. 1 420 Horner Hdw. Co. No. 1.... 418, 501 Horner, Wm. H., No. 1 424 Hood Bros. No. 1 418 Hoskinson, Emma, No. 2079 (No. 1) 294, 331 Hostetter coal 148 Howard, C. D 509 Howe, H. C 663 Hudson, J., core test 71, 290 Hughes River, South Fork of. 36, 46 Hundred coal 153 Hundred sandstone 153 Huntington silt loam 689 Hurst, Andrew (J.), No. 1.300, 384 Hustead, H. N., No. 1 418 Hustead, Ida M., No. 1 418 Huston, H. H., No. 1 410,448 Hutchinson Coal Co.: Byron mine 563,613,639 Delta mine 563,597,637 Erie mine 563,593,636 Hutson, Jamison, No. 1 138, 290, 317 Hutson, Perry, No. 1 296 I Ice, Isaac, No. 2 292 Ideal Window Glass Co 8 Industrial Home for Girls.. . .21-24 Industrial Home Nos. 1 & 2. . . .412 Industries of Clarksburg 15 Industries of Salem 20 Industries of West Union 8 Infancy of rivers 33 Injun oil sand 277 J Jack Run section 109 Jackson, Bart, No. 1 424 Jackson, T. M 3,122 Jackson. T. M.. quarry 195, 187, 652 Jarvis Heirs, L. D. t No. 1. .420, 521 Jarvis, Wm., No. 1 414 Page Jarv’sville, Acct. of 31 Jarvisville, Limestone near.. ..198 Jarvisville oil pool 286 Jett, Lindsay, No. 1 418 Jewett, C. G 19 Jewett, E. B 18 Jimtown 32 Jimtown, Coal near 205 Johnson, Miss C. N., No. 1.. Johnston, J. L 182,202 Johntown, Population of 31 Johnstown section 128 Jollytown coal 152 Jollytown sandstone 151 Jones, C. R 508 Jones, S. O., No. 1 296 Joseph, Sydney, Nos. 1 & 2.. Joy, Coal near 162 K Katys Lick section 94 keener sand 277 Kelley, D. A., No. 1 300,396 Kelley, Malissa, No. 1 408,429 Kelley, G. W., No. 1 410, 445 Kelley, Coal near 191 Kelly, Limestone near 194 Kelly section 83 Kennedy, W. G., No. 1 .424, 546 Kester, Chas 18 Kester, L. O., No. 1 294,336 Kester, W. G., No. 1 422,529 Kile, Virginia B., No. 1 418 Kincheloe creek 36,41 Kiirk, Ellen, No. 1 294,348 Kittanning Coal, Upper .... 619-620 Knapp, F. M 657 Knight, Henry, No. 1 292,329 Koblegard, R. R 17 Krak, J. B 565 Krenn, Joseph, No. (3?) . . . 300, 385 Kroger Gale Coal Co .. 564, 572, 633 Kyle, Luther E.„ No. 1 290,308 L Lafayette Window Glass Co.... 16 Lambert, W. C., No. 1 408 Lambert Run Coal Co 563, 591,636 Lancaster, Geo., No. 1 422,536 Lang, Hampton, No. 1 422, 535 Lang and Cornell, Coal on 258 Lange & Crist B. & L. Co 19 Langfitt, Silas, No. 1 292 Langfitt, Silas, Nos. 4 & 7.292, 324 Langfitt, S. W 659 Lanham, Chas., No. 1 (Kinch).412 Lanham, Chas., No. 1 (South Penn) 412, 464 Lanham, L., No. 1 414 INDEX. 705 Page Late, G. B 27, 237 W. J 661 A. D., No. 6 302, 405 298 Latimer, Lawson, Leach, F. A., No. 1. Lee Brick plant 649 Lesley, J P 216 Levels on B. & O. R. R.: Grafton and Parkersburg Branch 696 Monongahela River Branch.. 696 W. Va. and Pittsburgh Branch 697 W. Va. Shortline Branch .... 697 Lewis (Lynch Mines) section. .230 Lewis, John, coal mine 209 Lewis, L. Nathan, No. 1 424 Lewis, Samuel, coal mine 208 Lewis, V. A 7,10,14,20 L ; fe period '. Land and streams. 33 Limestones for roads 650 Little Clarksburg coal 231 Little Dunkard sand 273 Little Pittsburgh coal 227 Little Tenmile creek section ... 232 Little Washington coal 170 Little Waynesburg coal 186 Location, Doddridge-Harrison Area 1 Lodge, Morgan R., No. 1.. 422, 531 Lodge, Morgan R., No. 2,. 422, 532 Long, C. M., No. 1 422 Long, Frank, No. 1.... 422 Long, L. L., No. 1 . . .422, 537 Long Run, Coal near. . . 162 Long Run oil pool 286 Long Run section 77 Lost Creek, Coal at. . . . Lost Creek Sta., Acct. of 30 Lost Creek, Meteorological data 662-666 Lost Creek sect ons ... 124, 211, 223 Lost Creek 36, 43 Loudin, L. R., coal mine. . .207, 633 Lough, J., No. 1 410,452 Lower Carbonife us rocks 69 Thickness of 130 Lower Marietta sandstone 156 Lower Pittsburgh limestone ... 228 Lower Pittsburgh sandstone. ..224 Lower Sewickley sandstone... .201 Lower Uniontown coal 195 Lower Washington limestone .. 156 Lowndes & Hart No. 11 292 Lowther, Haymond, coal mine. 163 Lucas Bros. No. 1 418, 507, 508 Lucas Bros. No. 4 418, 508, 509 Lumberport, Acct. of 26 Lumberport sections 106,233 Lumberport Steam Coal Co. . 564, 589,635 Lynch, Hiram, Nos. 3, 14 & 44.412 Lynch, Population of 32 Lynch Mines (Lew's) section.. 230 Page Lyons No. 1 422,526 Lyons Heirs, Jame 5 , No. 1....418 Lyons, Emma, No. 1 420 Lyons, Sylvester, No. 1 418 M Madeira-Hill-Clark Coal Co.: Goff mine 564,601,638 New Chieftain mine. 564, 598, 637 Randolph mine 564,598,637 Waldo mine 564,600,638 Mahoning sandstone 269 Maken, Population of 32 Mannington sandstone 170 Mapletown coal 200 Margaret section 141 Marietta river 35,47 Marietta sandstone, Lower ...156 Mar’et sandstone, Middle ...155 Marietta indstone, Upper ....153 Marion Gas ’oal Co. . .564, 578, 633 Market, Coal ^ar 163 Marquard, H. L 19 Marsh, E. J., No. 1 416 Marsh, I. L., No. 1 . . . .90, 410, 445 Marshall Coal Co 564,611,639 Marshville, Limestone net : . ...198 Martin, Geo., No. 1 ....420 Martin, G. C., No. 1 256 Martin, Hugh, No. 1 Martin, Jennie (G. M.), No. 1. 418, 496 Martin, L. A., No. 1 416 Martin, O, C., No. 1 418 Martin, T B., No. 3 420 tylarts, Moh’e, No. 1 416 Mason, A. P., No. 1 416 Mason, Effie M., No. 1 418 Mason, John R., No. 1 416 Mason, W. P., No. 1 416 Mason, W. P., c< c est 416 Mathers, Ben, No. 1 418,502 Mathews, Caroline, No. 1.... 106, 418, 502 Mathey, A., No. 3 414,475 Mathey, A., No. 6 416,475 Maturity of rivers 33 Mauch Chunk series, Thick- ness 130 May, C. W 5 Maxton sand 275 Maxwell, Edw. (Haymond), No. 1 414, 477 Maxwell Heirs, Frank, No. 1..296 Maxwell Heirs No. 1. . . 88, 302, 400 Maxwell, Isaac, Coal on 260, 261, 640 Maxwell, James, No. 1 300,383 Maxwell, J. B., Nos. 1 & 2. . . . 300, 390 Maxwell, Lee, No. 1 414 Maxwell, Leeman, No. 1,,, 414, 471 INDEX. 7(H) Page Maxwell, Leeman 214 Maxwell, Leeman, Nos. 4 & 6 . 296, 359 Maxwell, Lewis, No. 2 (129) .. 294, 346 Maxwell, Lewis, No. 8 (166) . . 296, 357 Maxwell, Lewis, No. 1 (167).. 296, 360 Maxwell, Lewi s , No. 1 (171).. 296, 357 Maxwell, Lewis, No. 1 (172)... 296 Maxwell, Lewis, No. 2 (173) . . 296, 358 Maxwell, Lewis, No. 1 (257).. 300, 388 Maxwell, Porter, Nos. 31 & 34 300,389 Maxwell, Porter, No, 1982.424,549 Maxwell, Porter, No. 2039.424,550 Maxwell, W. Brent, No. 6.298,374 Maxwell, W. B., Nos. 2 & 8.. 298, 376 Maxwell, W. B., No. 1.300, 386, 395 Maxwell, W. B., No. 4 298, 377 Maxwell, W. B, No. 2005 414, 477 Meadowbrook, Acct. of 29 Meek, Ella, No. 1 412 Meeks, Henry, No 1 302 Meeks, J. H., No. 1 302, 400 Meigs clay loam 675 Mercer coal, Lower (?).... 516, 640 Michael, Harriet A., No. 2342. 418, 494 Middle Island creek 36,44 Middle Marietta sandstone 155 Middle Washington limestone . .156 Miletus section 88 Millan, Geo. W-. No. 1 418,506 Mineral, Coal near 212 Mineral, Population of 31 Mineral section 183 Modern Window Glass Co 20 Moffett, G. W., coal mine (West Milford coal) 246, 640 Moffett, H. G. (No. 6) 302 Moffett, Rush, No. (1) 416 Monongah Fuel Co .... 579, 633-634 Mohongahela River Branch 2 Monongahela Series, Descrip- tion of 178-219 Monongahela Series, General section 179 Monongahela Series. Thick- ness 130 Monroe Colliery Co 563 Monticello Brick Co 241,647 Monticello Brick Co. No. 1 422 Moon, Elizabeth, No. 1.... 412, 457 Moon, Elizabeth, No. 3 412 Mooney, C. N 661 Moore (Hawker) I., No. 1.. 416, 488 Morgan, Jas., No. 1 294 Page Moore, Chas. T., coal mine. 596, 637 Morgansville 9 Morgansville, Coal near 188 Morgantown sandstone 241 Morris, James M., No. 2 410 Morr's, James, No. 3 412,456 Morris, Loretta, No. 1 416,489 Morris, T. S., No. 1 412,464 Morris, Z. W., No. 1 .416 Moshannon silt loam 690 Mottet, Louis 20 Moundsville sand 174,273 Mountain State Carbon Co. 656, 659 Mount Clare, Acct. of 28 Mowrey, Wm., No. 1 302,404 Mowrey, Wm., No. 2 302,405 Myers, Stephen, No. 1 416,475 Me McAlpin, Coal near 233 JMcBride Lamp Chimney Co 21 ^IcBride, Thos. F 21 McClain, Geo. (S. L.), No. 2.. McClain, P. B., No. 1 296, 352 McClellan District, Area of 6 McClellan D'strict, Minable coal 621 McClellan District, Prospec- tive oil 326 McClellan Di trict, Sections in 69-74 McClellan District, Well re- cords in 304-326 McConkey, Jacob, No. 1 104, 414, 481 McCormick, Harriet, core test.. 292 .McDonald, J. H., coal mine.... 577 .McElroy creek 36. 45 McGeorge quarry 652 McIntyre, James, coal mine.. 211, 633 McIntyre, John Q., No. 1.. 420, 525 iMcIntyre, Lloyd, No. 1....292, 326 .McIntyre, Margaret (E. R.) No. 2 408. 440 McIntyre, Stonewall, No. 1....420 McIntyre, Z. L„ No. 1 408,438 McK’nley, Thos. J., Nos. 1 & 2.416 McMillan, C. I., No. 1.294,331,334 McMillan, M. A., Nos. 1 & 2.. 294, 331, 334 McMillan, S. B., No. 1.294,331,332 McReynolds, J. D.„ No. 1 75, 292, 328 McReynolds, J. D., No. 4.. 292, 328 McReynolds, J. D,, No. 17 292 McReynolds, John, No. 1 292 McWhorter, Goff, No. 1 424 McWhorter, W. H., No. 3.-424,548 INDEX. 707 N Page National Carbon Co 18 National Coal Co 563, 587, 635 Netzer, Jacob, No. 1 296, 360 Newberry, J S 256 New Milton, Acct. of 10 New Milton District, Area of.... 6 New Milton Dist., Msnable coal 623 New Milton Dist., Prospective oil 395 New Milton D’st., Section ..85-86 New Milton Dist , Well re- cords 386-396 New Milton, Coal near 163 New Milton, Limestone near. ..193 Nicholson, D. H., No. 1..86, 300,394 Nicholson, D. H., coal mine.. 165, 633 Nicholson, Nancy, No. 1979.. ^ 414, 479 Nineveh coal ..147 Nineveh limestone 147 Nineveh sandstone 147 Northwestern turnpike 4 Nose of anticlines 48 Numan section 78 Nutter, Eli, No. 1 298, 374 Nutter, Granvile S., No. 1932. 298, 373 Nutter, Henry, No. 1 416 Nutter, S., No. 1 414, 471 Nuzum, Geo. P„ No. 1 410 Nuzum, John, No. 1 422,532 Nuzum, Nimshi, No. 1 420,517 Nuzum, Nimshi, No. 4 420,516 Nuzum, Sanford, No. 1 414 O O’Connor, Mary, No. 1 294,348 Offut, Z., No. 1 294 O’Gara Coal M. Co 564, 597, 637 Ogden, Ellsworth, No. 1 416 Ogden, Silas, No. 1 420,521 Ogden, V. B., No. 1 418, 502 Ogden, V. B., No. 2 418, 503 Oil and gas, History of 285 Oil and gas sands, Interval to Pittsburgh coal 272 Oil and gas sands, Table 271 Oliphant, F. H 284 Olive, Coal near 167 Oral, Population of 32 Oral section 251 Orr, E. D., No. 1 408,438 Orr, R. M., coal mine 161,633 Orr, R. M„ No. 1 294, 341 Orrowhood, H., well 294,343 Orton 250 P Parr, A. D., No. 1 (Smith- Williams) 412,469 Parrish, F. A., No. 3 408 Page Parrish, F. J., Nos. 1 & 2 408 Parrish, S. N., No. 2 408,435 Patterson No. 3 412,460 Paugh, Levi, No. 1352 422,539 Payne, Genius, Nos. 3 & 2. . . . Payne, G., No. 6 414,468 Payne, G., No. 10 414 Peacock Coal Co 563,588, 635 Pearcy, C. C., No. 1 300, 390 Pearcy Heirs, L. W., No. 1 . . Peerless Carbon Black Co.. 656, 660 Peerless Window Glass Co 15 Peneplain, Evidences of 33 Peora, Population of 32 Peora, Coal near 206 jrPeora section 213 '•Permian rocks 132 Permo-Carboniferous rocks. . . .132 Petroleum and Natural gas, Chapter on 270-559 Phillips, M. A., No. 1 292 Phillips S. & T. P. Co 17 Physiography, Chapter on. ...33-47 Pigeon Run section 213 Pigott, Chas., core test 296 Pigott, E. L., No. 1. .. 141, 408, 428 Pigott, Seth, No. 1 410,442 Pigott, W. Harrison, No. 1 296 Pine Bluff section 180 Pine Creek limestone 268 Piracy of streams 34 Pitcairn Coal Co 564, 609, 639 ^Pittsburgh coal... .216-218, 573-577 Pittsburgh coal, Amount of. . 616-617 Pittsburgh coal, Commercial mines 577 Pittsburgh coal, Map of 574 Pittsburgh coal, Little 227 Pittsburgh limestone, Lower. ..228 Pittsburgh limestone, Upper... 225 Pittsburgh red shale 264 Pittsburgh river 35,47 Pittsburgh sandstone, Lower ..224 Pittsburgh sandstone, Upper ..216 Pittsburgh-Washington coal interval 51 Platt, Messrs 245 Pocono sandstones, Thickness of 130 Population: Doddridge county .' 6,7 Harrison county 11,12 Portage Series, Thickness of... 130 Porter, Hattie, No. 1.. .115, 422, 529 Post, Chas., No. 1 424 Post, Earl, No. 1 414 Post, E. W„ No. 1 424,557 Post, Jacob, coal mine 576,639 Post, W„W., No. 1 414 Post, Wirt, No. 1 414 Potteries 643-644 Pottsville Series, Table 68 Pottsville Serie , Thickness .... 130 Powell & Williams No. 1.. 294, 338 Powell, B. C„ No. 1 298 Powell, H. T„ No. 1467 294,337 Powell, Jame«, No. 1 294 Powell, T. W., No. 2012 337 Pratt, W. W., No. 1 294 INDEX. 70S Page Precipitation at Central Sta- tion 663,664 Precipitation at Lost Creek. . . Price, Mary, No. 1 424, 551 Pritchard No. 1 422 Proctor sandstones 143 Prospective Oil and Gas Areas: Doddridge County: Central district 369 Cove district 385 Grant d'strict 350 Greenbrier district 405 McClellan district 326 New Milton district 395 Southwest district 380 West Union district 362 Harrison County: Clark district 530 Clay district 522 Coal district 527 Eagle district 505 Elk district 559 Grant district 553 Sardis district 450-451 Simpson district 537 Ten Mile district 473 Union district 483 Q Queen, J. P., coal mine 210 Quiet Dell, Population of 31 Quiet Dell sections 117,252 : R Radabaugh, Rosa, core test. . . .420 Radford Pottery Co 19, 644 Railroads, Electric 3 Railroads, Steam 2 Randolph, A. F., No. 1 300,388 Randolph, Franklin, No. 1.300,388 Randolph, John F.. No. 1.. 412, 459 Rastle, John, No. 2 300, 385 Raven Carbon Co 657 Rector, J. N., No. 1 424,545 Redstone coal ....203-212,569-573 Redstone coal, Map of 570 Redstone coal, Table of wells recording 204 Redstone limestone 212-216 Reed, R. L., No. 1 109, 420, 519 Reed & Cox No. 1 420 Reed, W. B., No. 1 424 Reger, I. S., No. 1 424, 558 Reynolds, B. F., No. 2 422 Reynolds, Frank, No. 1 418 Reynolds, Thos., No. 1.... 422, 523 Reynoldsville mine. 597 Rhodes, Alonzo, No. 1 412,469 Rhodes, Arthur, No. 2 414,483 Rhodes, Chas. W., No. 1 .« 414 Riblett, Daniel, coal mine 575 Richard, Joseph, No. 1 302, 401 Richards, Geo. T., No. 3... 302, 404 Richards, Geo. T„ No. 3 88 Riffee, I. N.. No. 1 290,318 Riffee, I. N., No. 2 290,317 Righter, Abraham, No. 1.. 420, 521 Rinehart, Geo., No 1 420 Ritter, Mary E.< No. 1 290 TRitter. O. S., No. 1 408,436 Page River channels 40 River terraces 47 Road material 650-651 Robey, F. L., No. 1 418, 500 Robinson, Alva, No. 1 408,429 Robinson, C. D., No. 2157 .. 418, 499 Robinson, Fletcher, No. 1.. 418, 497 Robinson, Frederick, No. 1 40S Robinson, Isabel, No, 1 420 Robinson, James A., No. 1. ... .416 Robinson, O., No. 2159 .... 422, 449 Robinson, Wesley, No. 5. . .408, 434 j ' Robinson No. 1 95,412,468 Robinson Fork oil pool 286 Robinson syncline 61 Rock column, Table of 67-68 Rockford, Population 31 Rockport limestones 146 Rock Run Carbon Black Co. . . Rogers, B. F., No. 1788. . . .418, 496 Rogers, B. L., No. 2 408, 437 Rogers, E. E. S., No. 2140 . .410, 445 Rogers, H. D 216 Rogers, H. H 3 Rogers, John G., No. 1.... 410, 444 Rogers, Nancy, No. 2 416 Rogers, R. M., No. 2293 ... 418, 498 Rogers, T. D., No. 1 410,452 Rogers, W. A., No. 2 408,442 Romines Mills, Population of... 31 Romines Mills section 126 Rosebud Fuel Co 563, 589, 635 Rosier Heirs, Jos., No. 1. . .412, 456 Rough stony land 692 Roy, Chas. J., Coal near 259 Roy, Chas. J., No. 1 422,535 Ruraldale anticline 60 Ruley, F. J., No. 1 296 Ruppert, Jacob, No. 1 300, 383 Rush, Gordon, No. 1 294,346 Rush Run sandstone ...150 Rusk, W. A., No. 1 416 Russell, E. O 28 Russell, Geo, No. 1 ...290 Russell, Hamilton, No. 1 298 Ryan, Thos., No. 1 296 Rymer, John W., No. 1 300,393 S Sadler, Jesse, No. 1 302 Sadler, Minerva, No. 1 300,397 Sadler, Susan, No. 1 294, 340 Saint Clara oil pool 286 Saint Clara section 85 Salem, Acct. of 20 Salem, Glass industries 20 Salem Cooperative Window Glass Co 20 Salem oil pool 287 Salem section 95 Salt sand 275 Saltsburg sandstone 264 Sandusky clay pit 644 Sandusky, Gideon 27 Sandusky, J. B., core te t. .422, 533 Sandy, Wm., Nos. 1 & 2 294 Sapp, E. M., No. 1 420 Sardis, Acct. of : 31 Sardis District, Area of 11 Sardis District, Minable coal... 625 INDEX, •709 Page Page Sardis District, Prospective oil and gas 450 Sardis District, Sections ....90-94 Sardis Distr ; ct, Well records. 426-451 Schmidt, John H., No. 1... 300, 383 School house lot No. 1 298 ,Schuchert and Clark 122 Scott, Nancy, No. 1 296 Second Cow Run sand 274 Sections, Geologic: ^Ldamsville 107 Adamston 117 Alliance 141 Ann Run 222 Ashley 136 Beards Run 223 Benson 102 Big Battle , 74 Big Isaac 89, 140 Boothsville 109 Bridgeport 119,245,251 Brown 90 Brushy Fork 208 Byron 122 Canton 75 Cascara 137 Centerpoint 72 Central Station 139 Clarksburg 112,182 Coldwater 86, 139 Conemaugh series 220 Deweytown 97 Dola 205,232 Dunkard series, General 134 Fonda 92,142 Glen Falls 227 Goodhope 103,223 Gore Station 181 Grassland 120,235 Greenwood 80 Grove 84 Gypsy 181,214 Heldreth 69 Ja ck Run 109 Johnstown 128 Katys L J ck 94 Kelly 83 Lewis (Lynch Mines) 230 Little Tenmile creek 232 Long Run 77 Lost Creek 124,211,223 Lumberport 106, 233 Margaret 141 Miletus 88 Mineral 183 Numan 78 Oral Station 251 Peora 213 Pigeon Run . 213 Pine Bluff 180 Quiet Dell 117,252 Romines Mills 126 Saint Clara 85 Salem 95 Sedalia 70 Summers 82 Tollgate 172 West Clarksburg 238 West Milford 100,246 West Union 79 Wil onburg 110,115 Wolf Summit 99 Wyatt 105 Sedalia section 7 0 Sedalia gas pool 286 Sellers, R. E 657 Seven Day Baptist No. 1 424, 540, 541 Sewickley coal 200 Sewickley limestone 202 Sewickley sandstone, Lower. ...201 Sewickley sandstone, Upper... 199 Shahon, H. J., No. 1 .290 Shaughnessy, Patrick, No. 1.. Shaw, Dan’l E., No. 1 416, 491 Sheets, O. A., No. 1 294 Sherwood, Coal near 189 Sherwood, G. W 663,664 Shewmaker, John 656 Shinn, B. W., No. 1 418 Shinns Run 36 Shinnston, Acct. of 24 Shinnston Brick Co 649 Shinnton oil pool 287, 511 Shinnston syncline 63 Short, C. A 649 Short, Chas., No. 1 418 Short Line Coal Co 564, 586, 635 Shrader, Chas., No. 1 294,333 Sbriver, Simon S., No. 2... 416, 485 Simpson creek 36,41 Simpson Dist., Area of 11 Smpson Dist., Minable coal... 629 Simpson Dist., Prospective oil. 537 Simpson Dist.,, sections ...118-122 Simpson Dist., Well records.. 531-538 Sixth sand 283 Slusser, Chas., No. 1 302 Smith, Allen 665,666 Smith, A. A., No. 1 424,551 Smith, Blackburn, No. 1 410 Smith Bros, limestone quarry. 239 Smith, Dick, No. 1 422,527 Smith, E. E., No. 1 290, 317 Smith, Ed., No. 1 296,361 Smith, Frank, No. 1 294 Smith, Frank, Nos. 1 & 2 296 Smith & Carr No. 1 296,526 Smith, Harvey, Nos. 1 & 2.296, 360 Smith, James, No. 1 422 Smith, J. B., qqarry .230,653 Smith, J. L., No. 1 294 Smith, J. Wesley, No. 1 . . .296, 361 Smith, Martha J., No. 1 294 Smith, Mordecai, No. 1 420 Smith, M. W., No. 1 414 Smith & Burns'de No. 1 424 Smith & Robinson No. 1 70, 290, 305 Smith, Nancy, No. 1. .. 290, 298, 310 Smith, Porter, quarry 65.3 Smith, Temple, No. 2107 ... 410, 444 Smith, Wm., No. 1 296 Smith-Williams (Parr) No. 1 . 412, 469 Smithton, Acct. of * 9 Smithton, Limestone near 193 Snider, Mary V., No. 1462. .294, 335 Snodgra s, Emeline, No. 1 ..292, 319 Snowfall at Central Station .... 664 710 INDEX. Page Snowfall at Lost Creek .... 662, 666 Soil Survey, Chapter on. . . .661-695 So J ls 671-695 Soils, Area of 675 Soils, Summary of 692-695 Somerville, J. T., No. 3 302,405 South & Cole. No. 1 420 Southern Coal & T. Co 564 Southern Carbon Co 657,659 Southern, G. W., core test 420 Southern, Samuel, No. 1 420 Southwest Dist., Area of 6 Southwest Dist., Minable coal. 623 Southwest Dist., Prospective oil 380 Southwest Dist., sections ...82-83 Southwest Dist., well records. 370-380 Speechley sand 284 Sperry, M. B., No. 1 302 Spraker, E. L 17 Squaw sand 277 Star Rig, Reel & Supply Co 19 Stark, C., No. 1 292,317 Stark, S. (C-), No 6 290,316 Stark, Seymour, No. 1 418,507 Starkey, C. L., No. 1 .. 141, 414, 486 Starkey, Edith, No. 1 414, 475 Starkey Enoch (C. L.), No. 2. 416,487 Starkey, Robt., No. 2 294 Steam railroads 2 Steaming tests of coal 605 Steel Heirs No. 1 296 Stevenson, J. J 145, 147, 149, 151, 152, 156, 170, 202, 212, 218, 229, 241, 248, 256, 265 Stevens Run, Coal on 260 Stewart, Chas., No. 7 292,328 Stewart, Henry, No. 1 142,408 Stewart Heirs, Jap, No. 1. .296, 256 Stinespring, W. L., No. i . . .298, 371 Stout oil pool 286, 377, 378 Stout, Edith, No. 1 300 Stout, John, No. 2 408,431 Stout, J. R., No. 1 119,422,535 Stout, L. E., No. 1 414,467 Stout, Lloyd, No. 1 424 Stout, Samuel, No. 1 290 Stout, Strother, No. 1 422,535 Stout, S. W., Nos. 1, 2, 4 & 7. 298 379 Stout,” S.” W., Nos. 18 '& i 9 . 2 9 8 ,' 380 Stout, Wm., Nos. 8 & 10 298, 300,379,389 Stout, W. Frank, No. 1 422 Stratified rocks 67-68 Stratified rocks, Thickness of. .130 Stratigraphy, Chapters on... 67-269 Stray sand 279 Streams, Table of 36 Strike of rocks 48 ►Strother, Thos. J., No. 1 410 iStrother, W. M., No. 1 410 Structure, Chapter on 48-66 Stuck, L. D„ No. 1 298, 367 Sturms Heirs, J. F., No. 1.418, 510 •Stutler, Harriet, No. 1 414 Stutler, W. A., coal mine .. 189, 633 Stutler, W. A., No. 1 294,345 Sullivan Heirs No. 1 72,292 Summers, Coal near 190 Page Summers section 82 Sweeney, Mahala, No 1... .292, 321 Swiger, A. A., No. 1 410,449 Swiger Coal Co 588,635 Swiger, Daniel, No. 1 290 Swiger, D. L., No. 1 2.90 Swiger, E., No. 2316 ....... 420, 512 Swiger, F. S., No. 1 290 Swiger, H E., No. 1 420 Swiger, J. A., No. 1 .418 Swiger, J. L., No. 1 410, 143 Swiger, Louisa. C.,, No. 1 410 Swiger, P. E., No. 1 290 Swiger, Susan P., core test.... 292 Swisher, Burgett No. 1 424 Swisher, I. M., No. 1 424,542 Syncline 48 Synclines, Descript’on of: Burchfield 60 Grassland 65 Robinson 61 Shinnston .63 Talbott, N. M., well 422, 527 Talkington, Acena, No. 1.. 408, 430 Talkington Heirs, Geo., No. 1. 408, 438 Talkington, G. W., No. 11.. 408, 433 Talkington, G. W., Nos. 14 & 15 408 Talkington, Jesse, No. 1... 408, 430 Talkington, Jesse, No. 3 408 Tallman, C. C., No. 1 414,482 Tate Brothers No. 1 294, 342 Tate, M. W. (Catherine), No. 1 290,312 Tate, M. W. (Catherine), core test 290 Tate, S. T., No. 1 290, 312 Taylor, Le e No. 1 290 Taylor sandstone ...146 Teets, D. D., Jr 578 Tegard, Morris, No. 1 418 Temperature, Central Station.. 663 Temperature, Lost Creek. . 662, 665 Tenmile creek 36,41 Tenmile D’st., Area of 11 Tenmile Dist., Minable coal.... 625 Tenmile Dist., Prospective oil. 473 Tenmile Dist. sections 94-99 Tenmile Dist. well records.. 451-474 Terraces of rivers 47 Thickness of series 130 Thirty-foot sand. 279 Thomas, Joseph, No. 1 290 Thompson, E. W., No. 1... 420, 515 Tichenall, Moses, No. 1. . . .420, 525 Tollgate section 172 Topography of land 46 Towles, J. H., No. 1 418,504 Transportation, History of 1 Traugh, Martha, No. 1 ,412,452 Travis Glass Co 17 Travis, H. E 17 Tully limestone 121 Turnpikes: Clarksburg and Philippi 5 Northwestern 4 Shinn ton and Middleboiirne. . . 5 I N'DEX. 711 Page Page Tuna Glass Co. 16 "Tyler silt loam 688 .Tyler silt loam, Analysis of... 689 U .Underwood, Elias, core test .... 290 t .Underwood, Jacob, No. 11. .294, 330 Underwood, Joseph, No. 1... . 292, 320 j Underwood, Martin V., No. 2. 294, 332 Un'on Dist., Area of 11 Union Dist., Minable coal 627 Union Dist., Prospective oil. ...483 Union Dist. sections 97,103 Union Dist. well records .. 474-484 | Uniontown coal 187,568-569 Uniontown coal, Lower 195 Uniontown limestone 193 Umontown sandstone 186 Upper Carboniferous rocks 68 Upper Carboniferous rocks, Thickness of 130 Upper Kittanning coal 619-620 Upper Marietta sandstone ..... 153 Upper Pittsburgh limestone ... 225 Upper Pittsburgh sandstone ... 216 Upper Sewickley sandstone. . . .199 Upper Washington limestone .. 152 Upshur clay 678 Upshur silt loam 679 Upshur silt loam, Analysis of. 680 V Varner, A. J., No. 8 .410,454 Vincent Coal Co. . .563, 608, 638-639 Vincent, S. L., No. 5 420,513 Va.-Md. Coal Corp 563,584,634 W IVagner, John, quarry 231 IVallace, Acct. of 29 Walton, W. R„ coal mine 163 Wanstreet, H. H., No. 1... 298, 384 Wanstreet, John, No. 1 . . . .298, 381 Warner, C. H 28 Washing test of coal 609 Washington coal .. 157-168, 566-568 Washington Coal Co 599,637 Washington “A” coal 154 Washington coal, Little 170 Washington-Pittsburgh coal interval 51 Washington Are clay shale. .... 168 Washington limestone, Lower .156 Washington limestone, Middle. 156 Washingtqn limestone, Upper .152 Washington sandstone 169 Water-ways .• 1 Watson, Isaac, No. 1 422 Waugh, L. D., No. 1 302 W T aynesburg coal 184 Waynesburg coal, Little 186 Waynesburg “A” coal 171 Waynesburg “B” coal 171 Waynesburg limestone 186 W r aynesburg sandstone 174 Webb, Eliza J. # Nos. 1 & 2.290, 316 Well records, Summarized: Doddridge county... 290-303 Harrison county 408-425 West Clarksburg section 238 West Fork Glass Co 17 West Fork river 1, 36 West Fork river, Channels ....40 West Fork river, Tributaries ..40 West Fork river, Discharge ....38 West Fork river, Slackwater on 39 West Milford, Acct of 30 West Milford coal 246 West Milford coal, Analysis of 640 W T est Milford section 100,246 Westmoreland silty clay loam. 683 Westmoreland silty clay loam, Analysis 686 West Va. Industrial Home 21 West Va. & Pittsburgh Branch.. 2 West Va. Pottery Co .27, 643 West Va. Short Line 3 West Union: Account of 8 Coal near 188 Industries of 8 Population 8 Section at 79 West Union D ; st., Area of 6 West Union Dist., Minable coal. 622 West Union Dist., Prospective oil 362 West Union Dist., Well re- cords 350-362 Whalen, John, core test 294 Whalen, John, No. 2., 294,344 White, Frank, No. 1 424, 554 White, I C.. 53, 71, 98, 132, 133, 143, 144, 147, 155, 169, 171, 174, 176, 186, 198, 199, 217, 218, 220, 225, 231, 237, 248, 250, 267, 268, 269, 285, 287 Whiteman, E. J., No. 2.... 420, 513 Whiteman, L. S., No. 1.... 410, 449 Whiteman, T. P., No. 1.... 410, 447 Wilcox, N. J., No. 1 294 Williams, D. C., No. 120 422 Williams, F. M 300,397 Williams, G. W., No. 1 410 Williams, Harriet, No. 1 .412 Williams Heirs No. 1 302 Williams, Johnson, No. 1 300 Williams, J. W., Nos. 1 & 2.. 410,452 Williams, J. W., Nos. 6 & 8 .... 410 vv-iiiams, ivx. x i\u». i, a o. 300, 398,399 Williams, Samuel, No. 2 420 Williams, Thos., No. 1 412,455 Williams, W. M„ No. 1 300, 382 Williams, Wilson, No. 1... 412, 464 Williamson Heirs No. 1 298 Willis, Jesse H., No. 1 422 Willis, Jesse H., No. 3 422,533 Willis, J. H., No. 1 420, 532 Wilson, F. L 19 Wilson, M. H., No. 1 298,375 Wilsonburg, Acct. of 28 Wilsonburg, Electric line 3 Wilsonburg sections 110,115 INDEX. 712 Page Windy Gap coal 144 Windy Gap limestone 143 Withers, A. S 13 Wolf, G. W., No. 1 100,414,478 Wolf Summit, Acct. of 30 Wolf Summit anticline 56 Wolf Sumnrt section 99 Woodfield-Sprout No. 1. . . .408, 435 Wright, Cl ; nton, No. 4 292 Wright, T. S., No. 277 414 Wyatt, Population of 31 Wyatt section 105 ’ Page Wyer, Serena. No. 1 416,488 Wyvel, Geo., No. 1 408,427 Y Yeater, M. J„ No. 1 292,320 Young, Dorothy, No. 1 414,470 • Youth of rivers 33 Z Zenor, C. P 8