THE UbflAHt OF THf MOWWfTr nt fmmr Collegiate Training for Business BELOIT COLLEGE Department of Economics Beloit, Wisconsin Digitized by the Internet Archive in 2017 with funding from University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign Alternates https://archive.org/details/collegiatetrainiOObelo COLLEGIATE TRAINING FOR BUSINESS BELOIT COLLEGE / / Department of Economics and Allied Departments Issued March, 1922, as Vol. XX, No. 3, of Beloit College Bulletin, Beloit, Wis., in January, March, October, December. Entered December 16, 1902, at the Post Office in Beloit, Wisconsin, as Second Glass Matter under Act of CtongTess of July 16, 189L 2 BELOIT COLLEGE BULLETIN THE FACULTY AND OFFICERS OF ADMINISTRATION Melvin A. Brannon, Ph. D. (Chicago) LL. D. 846 College St. President of the College. Clarence L. Clarke, A. B. (Alfred) 635 College St. Dean of Men. Mrs. Anna Lytle Tannahill, A. B. (Nebraska) Dean of Women. William A. Hamilton, Ph. D. (Chicago) Registrar. Lloyd V. Ballard, A. M. (Harvard) Professor of Economics. George L. Collie^ Ph. D. (Harvard) Professor of Geology. Robert K. Richardson, Ph. D. (Yale) Professor of History. Henry W. Dubee, A. M. (Harvard) Professor of German. Royal B. Way, Ph. D. (Wisconsin) Professor of Political Science and American George C. Clancy, A. M. (Harvard) Professor of English. Henry PI. Armstrong, Ph. D. (Michigan) Professor of Romance Languages. William E. Alderman, Ph. D. (Wisconsin) Professor of English. Roscoe B. Ellard, A. B., B. J. (Missouri) Professor of Journalism. John A. Herrington, M. E. (Texas A. & M.) Associate Professor of Mathematics. Oliver M. Ainsworth, Ph. D. (Cornell) Assistant Professor of English. Margaret Wooster, Ph. D. (Chicago) Assistant Professor of Psychology. Albert F. Smith, Ph. B., B. L. I. (Emerson) Assistant Professor of Public Speaking. Iva M. Butlin, A. M. (Wisconsin) Librarian. 847 College St. 805 Church St. 915 Park Ave. 48 Sherwood Drive. 829 Church St. 724 Clary St. 616 Harrison Ave. History. 703 Park Ave. 825 Park Ave. 718 Church St. 1312 Central Ave. 1056 Copeland Ave. 826 Clary St. 903 Park Ave. 810 College St. 715 Church St. Frank Colucci, A. M. (Cornell) 839 Church St. Assistant Professor of Romance Languages. William H. Stead, A. B. (Beloit) 1210 Chapin St. Instructor in Economics. Margaret S. Densmore, A. B. (Beloit) 718 Clary St. Instructor in English. Mrs. Adella B. Brown, A. B. (Tulane) Chapin Hall Instructor in French. Merle E. Curti, A. M. (Harvard) Instructor in Political Science and History. 847 College St. COLLEGIATE TRAINING FOR BUSINESS 3 BUSINESS— A PROFESSION The time has passed when men may enter upon business careers with no other qualification than the possession of a knack for shrewd bargaining. Ours is a very complex industrial society characterized, most significantly perhaps, by production on a stupendous scale for national and world-wide markets. This necessitates a minute division of labor and a detailed spec- ialization of highly integrated parts if industry is to produce enough to sup- ply the world’s needs. And this, in turn, means that collectively all trades, occupations and professions must function efficiently and cooperatively if each is to prosper separately, for economic progress, it must be remembered, has resulted necessarily in an ever-increasing interdependence of men and functions. Hence breadth of training rather than specialized information is required of those who would successfully direct the affairs of any unit of this great industrial mechanism of ours. The business man who hopes to prosper these days must be trained “to discern the signs of the times.” It is authentically stated that a very large percentage of the failures recorded by Dun’s and Bradstreet’s during these months since the War are due not so much to a lack of so-called methods of scientific management, as to a lack of knowledge of the economic and political background of business, and of a consequent inability to forecast the future. Training in politics, psychology and statis- tical method is essential to the successful administration of business in these days when industrial inter-relations are so finely and intricately adjusted that a strike of a hundred skilled workers, occasioned perchance by some un- witting stirring of race prejudice, will throw the production of a great steel plant into chaos with far-reaching effects upon mining, transportation, con- struction, manufacturing, market operations and legal procedure. The modern business man, hence, must not only be efficient in the organiza- tion and functioning of his particular enterprise; he must also possess the ability to see the relation of his particular enterprise to national and even international production and exchange, and to discern the influences at large which plaj 7 upon every line of productive effort. “Woe to the business man- ager whose training gives him a static” and provincial “conception of busi- ness problems.” COLLEGIATE TRAINING FOR BUSINESS If this be true then the training possible in a liberal college is of prime im- portance. Here specialization is eschewed and emphasis is placed upon such courses as furnish the executive with 1) a knowledge of the fundamentals in business organization and manage- ment, in accounting, in processing, and in the marketing of products; 2) a knowledge of the political, economic, social, and psychological influ- ences effecting the courses of modern economic life. Such knowledge is not acquired by experience except at great costs both to the individual and to the concern which employs him. Such courses as those indicated above bring to the student the accumulated experience of generations of business men. He can begin his business career with this ad- vantage. 4 BELOIT COLLEGE BULLETIN The modern business executive can hire all of the specialists he needs. It is his function to sit in a watch-tower, as it were, where he can effectively coordinate and direct the work of these specialists. This he is able to do be- cause of his knowledge of external influences and factors as well as of in- ternal problems. His training, therefore, should be such as to acquaint him with the complexities of the whole production process rather than of specific parts of it, for the specialists whom he employs are equipped to care for these latter. TRAINING FOR BUSINESS AT BELOIT The courses now offered by the various departments of the College, when properly coordinated, provide such a training as has been described above. By varying the coordination of courses given by the Departments of Modern Languages, History, Political Science, Economics and Sociology, Psychology, Geology and Engineering a thorough preparation for many different fields of business activity may be secured. Such coordinations are outlined in the later pages of this Bulletin. Arrangements are also made to enable the student to obtain practical ex- perience in the particular line of business for which he desires to prepare. This practical experience may be obtained with local concerns either as a part of the work done during the school year or, preferably, as employment dur- ing the summer vacations in situations best adapted to the needs of the par- ticular student. All students preparing for business are required to have from three to six months of such actual experience in their chosen field. Opportunities exist in Beloit and in neighboring cities for such contacts with the business world. The banks, business houses and manufacturing plants of the city have dis- tinctly friendly 1 relations with the Department of Economics. They are up- to-date in their methods and handle at least $100,000,000 worth of business in every normal year. Moreover, Beloit industries have foreign markets and operate upon a large enough scale to give the student an adequate conception of all the problems of modern industry. This practical experience, supplementing the work of the class-room, forms an integral part of the student’s training. It is carefully supervised and re- ported upon by those cooperating with the Department in this work. The satisfactory completion of such practical work is necessary before the stu- dent can be recommended to positions. THE COLLEGIATE PLAN In collegiate training for business the courses are so planned as to provide, during the Freshman and Sophomore years, a basic knowledge of govern- ment, history, economics, English, psychology, and some one modern language. During the Junior and Senior years the student enters upon a course of stud}’ which is designed to prepare him for the particular field in which he is in- terested, such as banking, merchandising, manufacturing, marketing, foreign trade, or transportation. Thus the student is acquainted with the general problems of business administration and at the same time with the political and economic environment in which his particular enterprise will be carried on. A vigorous attempt is made by the Departments of instruction concerned COLLEGIATE TRAINING FOR BUSINESS o to maintain in the work of the class-room the same standards of perform- ance which will be required of the student when he takes his place in the business world. Promptness, thoroughness, and quality are the attributes stressed. Only such students as maintain an average of B (80) or above will receive recommendations for appointments or positions. The possession in generous measure of the qualities just enumerated will also be required of those who desire the assistance of the Department in securing employment. THE COLLEGIATE METHOD Throughout the work of the allied departments emphasis is placed, first, upon the gathering of reliable facts and experiences, and, second, upon a critical examination of the material thus collected. The assumption here is that the student who hopes to take a significant part in the work of the world must be able to think constructively with respect to the problems of his particular enterprise; and to think constructively he must be able to summon or secure reliable data which, when analyzed and synthesized, will indicate the desirable courses of action. Few men possess, fewer men still need rely upon, subtle intuitions as to what constitutes the best business policy in a given instance. To be in a position to consult and to capitalize the accumulated experience of the busi- ness men of the past and of those now in strategic economic positions re- leases valuable time and effort for other constructive projects. Moreover, the policies thus arrived at are more likely to meet the particular problem in hand because account is taken of the failures and successes of others who have faced similar problems. The departments therefore insist, first, that the student shall be trained in methods of securing reliable data, and second, he must learn to think con- structively with this data. Otherwise success in business, as in any other profession, becomes a thing of chance. Such a training is most readily secured in the intimate college where the student’s mind is brought into daily contact with his instructor’s in the vigorous discussions of methods and principles underlying business pro- cedure. This maturing of the student’s capacities is facilitated by the use, as far as is possible, of actual, rather than hypothetical, problems. In the larger institutions such opportunity for frequent personal contact with the instructor is impossible because of the greater numbers in the various classes. This in turn necessitates the use of the lecture, rather than the discussion method of presenting the subject matter of the various courses of study. PROPOSED CURRICULAR EXTENSIONS In addition to the course now offered it is hoped that the work of the various departments will soon be amplified by the courses which are listed later as “ Proposed Courses.” These are given in parenthesis when listed in the suggested correlations which follow (pages 6, 7). There is being de- veloped a definite prospect for the additional endowment necessary to this expansion. These proposed courses have been listed in the schedules below because students may plan definitely upon these additions to the curriculum of the Departments within the next two years if the additional endowment is secured. 6 BELOIT COLLEGE BULLETIN COURSES FOR GENERAL TRAINING 1st Quarter English 1 History 1 Political Science 1 French 1 or, Spanish 1 or, German 1 Engineering 10 1st Quarter Economics 2 American History 22 Psychology 1 Commercial Geog. 11 Argumentation 4 French 4 or Spanish 4 or German 4 or Italian 1 English 4 Geology 1 First Year. 2nd Quarter English 2 History 2 Political Science 2 French 2 or Spanish 2 or German 2 Engineering 11 Public Speaking 2 Second Year. 2nd Quarter Accounting 13 American History 23 Advertising 4 French 5 or Spanish 5 or German 5 or Italian 2 English 5 Adv. Composition 34 Geology 2 3rd Quarter English 3 History 3 Political Science 3 French 3 or Spanish 3 or German 3 Engineering 12 Public Speaking 3 Economics 1 3rd Quarter Accounting 14 American History 23 Advertising 5 French 6 or Spanish 6 or German 6 or Italian 3 American State and County Govt. 10 Adv. Composition 35 Geology 3 COURSES FOR SPECIAL TRAINING Third and Fourth Years. Manufacturing (General Business) Business Organization and Management 5 Markets and Market Organization 20 Financial Organization of Society 15 Railroad Transportation 8 General Physiography 4, 5, 6 Methods of Psychological Testing 10 (Cost Accounting) Labor Problems 3 Business Law 25 Insurance 17 Public Finance 12 Contemporary Economic Problems 19 (Investments) (Corporation Finance) (Business Statistics) (Business English) Merchandising (Retailing) Markets and Market Organization 20 Business Organization and Management 5 Commerce and Commercial Policy 7 Commercial Geography 11 The Trust Problem 4 Municipal Government 4 Insurance 17 Current Economic Problems (Cost Accounting) Advertising 4, 5 Business Law 25 Applied Psychology 5 Railroad Transportation 8 Commercial Credit (Summer School) (Business English) Foreign Trade and Consular Service Commerce and Commercial Policy 7 Financial Organization of Society 15 Comparative Banking 16 Markets and Market Organization 20 The Trust Problem 4 General Physiography 4, 5, 6 Commercial Geography 11 Current Economic Problems 19 Applied Psychology 5 International Law 3, 12 American Diplomacy 31, 32, 33 * United States and Latin America 11 English History 7, 8, 9 (Business English) COLLEGIATE TRAINING FOR BUSINESS 7 Banking and Insurance Financial Organization of Society 15 Comparative Banking 16 (Corporation Finance) Commercial Credit (Summer School) (Investments) Insurance 17 Business Organization and Management 5 Public Finance 12 Public Finance 12 Current Economic Problems 19 Advertising 4, 5 Business Law 25 Applied Psychology 5 Municipal Government 4 (Business Statistics) (Business English) Transportation (Corporation Finance) Railroad Transportation 8 The Labor Problem 3 The Trust Problem 4 Business Organization and Management 5 Current Economic Problems 19 (Business Statistics) (Business English) Commerce and Commercial Policy 7 Economic History of the United States (Summer School) State and County Government 10 (Cost Accounting) COURSES OF INSTRUCTION ECONOMICS Professor: Lloyd V. Ballard Instructor: William H. Stead 1-2. Principles of Economics. The principles of economics and their application in the interpretation of present economic society. Prerequisite for all other courses in the department except Sociology 9-10. Five hours>. 2 quarters , Sophomore, Junior or Senior year. Open to Freshmen in 3rd quarter. Given annually. Professor Ballard 5. Business Organization and Management. A study of the various business units; their particular functions, and how they are performed; their structure and life history. Text, as- signed readings, and reports. First quarter, Junior or Senior year. Four hours. Prerequisite. Course 1-2. Given in 1922-23, and alternate years. 30-31-32. Principles of Sociology. A study of evolution, nature and functioning of modern social institu- tions. The subject matter of the course is divided as follows: 30 — Social Evolution 31 — The Social Processes 32 — Social Institutions. Four hours. 3 quarters, Junior or Senior year. Given annually. 8 BELOIT COLLEGE BULLETIN 19. Contemporary Economic Problems. Consideration is given to measures of industrial readjustment, the rela- tions between capital and labor, government and business, international commerce, improvement of transportation, public finance, and social ad- justments. Four hours. 2nd quarter , Junior or Senior year. Given annually. 4. The Trust Problem. The development of the various forms of business organization, com- binations, policies, and competitive methods, the development of corpo- ration law and governmental policy, and the proposed solutions. Four hours. 3rd quarter , Junior or Senior year. P rerequisite , Course 1-2. Given in 1922-23 and alternate years. 17. Insurance. The theory of original risk-taking; the actuarial principles underlying insurance of life and property; the economic and social significance of insurance; functions, organization and methods of insurance companies; the various forms of insurance. Four hours. ls>t quarter , Junior or Senior year. Prerequisite, Course 1-2. Given in 1921-22 and alternate years. 12. Public Finance. A study of public expenditures and public revenues, methods of taxa- tion, the budget; public debts and the problems of adjustment between local,, state, and national fiscal procedure. Four hours. 2nd quarter, Junior or Senior year. Prerequisite, Course 1-2. Given in 1921-22 and alternate years. 20. Market Organization and Methods. A study of market functions, market structure, the marketing process, marketing methods and problems. Four hours. 3rd quarter, Junior or Senior year. Prerequisite, Course 1-2. Given in 1921-22 and alternate years. Mr. Stead 15. Financial Organization of Society. The principal institutions studied are coinage and monetary systems; credit; commercial, savings and investment banks; trust companies; stock exchanges; and commercial paper houses. Four hours. 2nd quarter, Junior or Senior year. Prerequisite, Course 1, 2. Given annually. 16. Comparative Banking. A study of the banking practice of the leading commercial countries of the world. Four hours. 2nd quarter, Junior or Senior year. Prerequisite, Courses 1 , 2 and 15. Given annually. COLLEGIATE TRAINING FOR BUSINESS 9 13-14. Accounting. A study of the theory and technique of account construction and its ap- plication to the problems of the business executive. Various typical balance sheets will be used to introduce the students to the more gen- eral features of accounting for retail and wholesale business, partner- ships, corporations, philanthropic agencies, and the government, as a basis for the proper interpretation of the statements of business con- cerns. Four hours. 2nd and 3rd quarters , Junior or Senior year. Pre- requisite, Course 1-2. Given annually. 3. The Labor Problem. Its relation to the rise of the factory system, evils of child labor, sig- nificance of immigration, the sweating system* strikes and boycotts, economic functions of labor organizations and their policies, conciliation and arbitration, the function of legal enactment, and proposed solu- tions of the labor problem. Four hours i. 1st quarter , Junior or Senior year. Prerequisite , Course 1-2. Given in 1922-23 , and in alternate years. 18. Radical Movements. A critical analysis of Socialism, Syndicalism, Anarchism and Bolshevism. Four hours. 3rd quarter , Junior or Senior year. Prerequisite , Course 1-2. Given in 1922-23, and in alternate years. 25. Elementary Business Law. A practical course dealing with the more elementary forms of com- mercial intercourse such as the law of contracts, agency, fiduciary re- lationships, and the sale of personal property. Text-book, lectures, and case analysis. Four hours. 1st quarter, Junior or Senior year. Given in 1921-22, and in alternate years. 7. Commerce and Commercial Policies. A brief resume of ancient and mediaeval commerce, the effect of the dis- coveries and change in commercial routes upon social and economic con- ditions in Northern Europe, effects on the Industrial Revolution, ec- onomic conditions underlying trade policies, the effect of such policies upon the development of nations, trade policy of the United States, and the outlook for world trade. Four hours. 3rd quarter, Junior or Senior year. Prerequisite , Course 1-2. Given in 1921-22, and in alternate years. 8. Railroad Transportation. This course deals with the economic, social and legal, instead of the technical aspects of railway transportation and includes a discussion of the; organization, functions and administration of the railroads of the United States. Four hours. 3rd quarter, Junior or Senior year. Prerequisite, Course 1-2. Not given in 1922-23. 10 BELOIT COLLEGE BULLETIN PROPOSED COURSES Corporation Finance. A analysis of the financial methods of the larger business unite. Four hours. 1st quarter, Junior or Senior year. Prerequisite, Course 1-2. Business Statistics. A study of the application of statistical methods to the problems of busi- ness management and administration. Four hours. 2nd quarter , Junior or Senior year. Prerequisite, Course 1 - 2 . Investments. An analysis of the forms and principles of proper and profitable invest- ment. Four hours. 3rd quarter , Junior or Senior year. Prerequisite, Course 1 - 2 . Cost Accounting. Elements of cost; principles and general methods of cost finding; re- cording and compiling of cost data; systems of cost determination; use of cost records. Four hours. One quarter , Junior or Senior year. Prerequisite , Courses 1-2, 13-14. SUMMER SCHOOL 6. Economic History of the United States. Five times a week. Three hours credit. This course aims to trace the significant movements in the commercial and industrial development of the country, and to show the manner and extent to which economic forces have determined its history. Some of the topics discussed are: Colonial industry, economic aspects of the Revolution, early commerce and manufacturing,: economic aspect of the public land policy, the growth of transportation, the localization of in- dustry, development of national resources, Granger movement, American merchant marine, etc. 9. Commercial Credit. Five times a week. Three hours credit. A study of the functioning of credit in modem industrial society. Economics Major: 36 hours selected in conference with the head of the department. ENGINEERING Associate Professor: John A. Herrington 1-2-3. Mechanical Drawing. A course in drafting, preparatory to the work of any of the engineering professions. These courses cover simple lettering and dimensioning, per- spective, isometric, cabinet and orthographic projection of simple forms, together with sketching, tracing, and blueprinting. Three hours. 1st, 2nd, and 3rd quarters. Open to all classes. COLLEGIATE TRAINING FOR BUSINESS 11 10-11-12. Principles of Industrial Work. A course of lectures, with readings and reports upon the principal lines of industry. The course is especially for those preparing for engineer- ing or manufacturing. It is also useful for those interested in com- merce. One hour. Freshman year. Three quarters. ENGLISH Professor: George C. Clancy Professor: Anna L. Tannahill Professor: William E. Alderman Assistant Professor: Oliver M. Ainsworth Instructor: Margaret S. Densmore 1-2-3. Elementary English Composition. Year Course. Textbook study, theme-writing, and outside reading. Each student meets his instructor in individual conferences. Any situdent found dficient in English preparation will be required to take additional work to make good his deficiency. Three hours. Three quarters, Freshman year. Required of all Fresh- men. 4-5. Introduction to the study of Literature. A careful study of representative works of English Literature, illustrat- ing various types, emphasizing content and form together with appro- priate presentation of the historical and social setting of the works con- sidered. Four hours. Two quarters, Freshman year. Sections will he taught both in the 1st and 2nd quarters, and in the 2nd and 3rd quarters. Business English. The underlying principles of the art of writing effective letters as ap- plied to business; analysis of effective thought and expression in hand- ling business correspondence, including routine correspondence, credit, collection, and adjustment letters; interdepartment and executive mem- oranda; sales letters; training correspondence. Two hours. One quarter, Junior or Senior year. Not given at present. GEOLOGY Professor: George L. Collie 1-2-3. General Geology. A study of the earth’s crust, its composition, structures, etc. Lectures, reference books, laboratory and field work. Four hours. 1st, 2nd, and 3rd quarters, Sophomore, Junior , or Senior year. 1-5-6. General Physiography. A general course on the surface features of the globe. Text-book, lec- tures,, laboratory and field work. Four hours. 1st, 2nd , and 3rd quarters, Sophomore, Junior , or Senior year. 12 BELOIT COLLEGE BULLETIN 11. Commercial Geography. A study of the products of the earth and their place in modern com- merce. Lectures, reference books, and laboratory work. Four hours. 1st and 3rd quarters, Sophomore, Junior or Senior year. GERMAN Professor: Henry W. Dubee 1-2-3. Elementary German. Continuous Course for first two quarters, Es- sentials of German grammar. Oral and written composition, Reading of easy German prose. Conversational drill. Four hours. 1st, 2nd, and 3rd quarters, Freshman year. 4-5-6. Intermediate German. Continuous Course for first two quarters. Reading of modem German prose and one classical drama. Oral and written compositions. Review of grammar. Four hours. 1st, 2nd, and 3rd quarters, Freshman or Sophomore year. HISTORY Professor: Robert K. Richardson Professor: Royal B. Way Instructor: Merle E. Curti Professor Richardson, Mr. Curti. 1-2-3. General European History. 1 and 2 or, less desirably, 2 and 3 form a Continuous Course. 1. From 378 to about 1500, with cursory survey of close of the Ancient Period. 2. From about 1500 to the French Revolution. 3. The French Revolution and recent Europe. The exact chronological dividing lines of these courses can be determined only after further experience with the new arrangement of courses in the department. Four hours. 1st, 2nd, and 3rd quarters, Freshman year. 7-8-9. English Political and Constitutional History. 7. From 1066-1485, with an introduction involving a summary review of the present form of government and a cursory study of the Anglo- Saxon period. The course centers about the nse of the Courts and the Common Law, and the development of Representative Government. 8. From 1485-1776. This period includes the English Reformation, the struggles of King and Parliament, the emergence of the Cabinet Sys- tem, and the founding of the British Empire. 9. From 1776 to the present. The Industrial Revolution, the advance of Liberalism, and Irish, Indian and Colonial problems. Four hours. 1st, 2nd, and 3rd quarters, Junior or Senior year. COLLEGIATE TRAINING FOR BUSINESS 13 Professor Way 21-22. American Political History, 1765-1876. First Quarter: The constitutional and political history of the United States. 1765-1815. Second Quarter: Period, 1830-1876. Four hours. Sophomore, Junior, or Senior year. Given annually. 23. Recent History of the United States, 1876-1920. 3rd quarter, Sophomore , Junior, or Senior year. Consecutive with Courses 21, 22, but they are not prerequisite. Given annually. JOURNALISM Professor: Roscoe B. Bellard 4-5. The Principles and Practice of Advertising. A study first of the origin, development, principles and ideals of com- mercial advertising; advertising as a business force, its economic fac- tors, and its influences on the modernising of marketing ideas; second, a study of advertising in its psychological aspects; advertising and the various classes of instincts and emotions, the relative force of associa- tions, the laws of suggestion, vividness and permanence of impression, ect. Preparation of original advertising copy will be required. Four hours. 2nd and. 3rd quarters, Sophomore, Junior , and Senior year. 34-35. Advanced Composition. A course in expositoiy writing to follow Freshman composition as in- troductory to 31-32-33. A review of the rudiments of composition. A study of model selections from the prose of today. Outside reading, original composition, class discussion and criticism. Two hours. 1st and 2nd quarters, Sophomore, Junior, and Senior years. POLITICAL SCIENCE Professor: Royal B. Way Instructor: Merle E. Curti 1-2. Comparative Government. Continuous Course. For Major students this is the required introductory course. 1. First Quarter: A study of the government and politics of the United States. 2. Second Quarter: A study of the governments of England, British Empire, France, Switzerland and Germany and other typical countries as time permits. A careful study is made of each particular govern- ment and especial attention is given to the fundamental principles of government, the problems involved, and the various comparative methods of attempted solution. Four hours. Open to all students. Separate section for the Juniors and Seniors. Given annually. 14 BELOIT COLLEGE BULLETIN 3-12. International Law. Essentials of public international law in peace and war. Four hours. 1st and 2nd quarters , Junior or Senior year. Gwen in m 1921—1922, and in alternate years. 4. Municipal Government in the United States. Stress will be placed upon the presentation of the latest and most ap- proved principles and methods of municipal administration. Four hours. 3rd quarter , Junior or Senior year. Given in 1922-23. 31-32-33. American Diplomacy, 1783-1921. International relations of the United States from its establishment to the present time and the progress of international law. Present prob- lems of American diplomacy and world politics will be discussed. Four hours. 1st , 2nd, and 3rd quarters, Junior or Senior year. Given in 1922-23, and alternate years-. 10. American State and County Government. Emphasis is placed on the existing defects and proposed reforms. Four hours. 3rd quarter , Sophomore, Junior or Senior years. Given ki 1922-23. 11. The United States and Latin America. The diplomatic history of the United States and Latin America and the special study of the current problems of Latin America. Four hours. 2nd quarter , Junior or Senior year. Not qiven in 1922-23. PSYCHOLOGY Assistant Professor Wooster 1. Elementary Psychology. An introductory course giving a survey of the essential facts and fun- damental laws of human behavior. Four hours. 1st, 2nd, and 3rd quarters, Sophomore, Junior , or Senior year. 5. Applied Psychology. A study of the applications of Psychology to law and medicine, adver- tising, salesmanship, etc. Four hours. 3rd quarter, Junior or Senior year. Prerequisite , Course 1. 2 . Social Psychology. An analysis of human nature from the standpoint of social behavior. Four hours. 3rd quarter, Sophomore, Junior, or Senior year. Pre- requisite, Course 1. 10. Methods of Psychological Testing. A critical study of individual and group tests now in use for general diagnostic purposes, with practical training in the giving of certain standard tests. Four hours. 3rd quarter, Junior or Senior year. Prerequisite, Course 1 and Course 14. COLLEGIATE TRAINING FOR BUSINESS 15 PUBLIC SPEAKING Assistant Professor: Albert F. Smith 2-3. Elementary Public Speaking. Drill in extemporaneous forensic speaking, speeches of introduction, and so forth. The course is designed to accustom a speaker to appearing before an audience. Two hours. 2nd and 3rd quarters , Freshmen year. 4. Argumentation. A study of the principles of analysis, brief-drawing, evidence and pre- suasive composition designed to give the student ability in constructive thinking and in testing the argument of others. Four hours. 1st quarter, Sophomore year. ROMANCE LANGUAGES Professor: Henry H. Armstrong Assistant Professor: Frank Colucci Instructor: Mrs, Adella Brown 1-2-3. Elementary French. Continuous. Course for the first two quarters. Essentials of French Grammar. Composition and conversation. Read- ing of easy French prose. Four hours. 1st, 2nd, and 3rd. quarters. Primarily for Freshmen . 4-5-6. Intermediate French. Reading of modern French plays, stories, and novels, with composition and conversation based on the texts read. Four hours. 1st, 2nd , and 3rd quarters, Freshman or Sophomore year. Prerequisite, Courses 1, 2, 3, or two years of high school French . 10-11-12. Composition and Conversation. 13-14-15. Composition and Conversation. These are alternating courses dealing with practical work spoken and written in French. In 1922-1923 courses 10, 11, 12, will be offered. Two hours. 1st, 2nd, and 3rd quarters, Sophomore , Junior , or Senior years. Prerequisite, Courses 4, 5, 6, hut honor students who have completed five quarters of the elementary and intermediate courses may he admitted hy permission of the head of the department. SPANISH 1-2-3. Elementary Spanish. Continuous Course for the first two quarters. Essentials of Spanish grammar. Composition and conversation. Reading of easy Spanish prose. Four hours. 1st, 2nd, and 3rd quarters. Open to all students, hut a previous study of Latin or French is strongly recommended. 16 BELOIT COLLEGE BULLETIN 4-5-6. Intermediate Spanish. The texts read illustrate both Spanish and Spanish- American life. Prac- tice in speaking and writing Spanish, with special attention to com- mercial correspondence. Four hours. 1st , 2nd , and 3rd quarters, Freshman or Sophomore near. Prerequisite, Courses 1, 2, 3, or two years of high school Spanish. 7-8-9. Advanced Spanish. 10-11-12. Advanced Spanish. These are alternating courses, varying in content according to the needs of those electing them. For 1922-23, elections should be made for 10 - 11 - 12 . Two hours. 1st, 2nd, and 3rd quarters, Sophomore, Junior or Senior year. Prerequisite, Courses 4, 5, 6. ITALIAN 1-2-3. Elementary Italian. Continuous Course for the first two quarters. Essentials of Italian grammar. Composition and conversation. Reading of easy Italian prose. Four hours. 1st, 2nd, and 3rd quarters, Sophomore, Junior or Senior year. Not given in 1922-23. NOTE The courses listed above do not constitute all of the work which may be taken by one who is preparing for business. A large number of electives are available which are not included in the material presented above. Other lines of study may be pursued as the student desires provided the Head of the Department approves. The general college catologue should be con- sulted for further details. AND FINALLY Although Beloit College makes no pretense of offering a distinctly com- mercial or business course, such as is given by so-called Business Colleges and Schools of Commerce, the training given here will prepare the student for larger and broader activities than the study of the purely technical courses. No attempt is made to teach the technicalities which fit the student for posi- tions as bookkeepers, accountants, industrial managers, trust promoters, bond salesmen, or bankers, but the general study carried on in collegiate courses supplies a training which will ultimately place the college graduate in posi- tions superior to those held by high school graduates who turn immediately to the study of the more highly specialized courses of the Business College or the School of Commerce, that they might prepare themselves for the technical work of subordinate positions. In other words the breadth and larger out- look which come as a result of an extensive study of the economic back- ground of business and a somewhat intensive analysis of some of the more specific fields of industrial activity are the administrative capacities devel- oped in collegiate training for business. If additional literature is desired address REGISTRAR BELOIT COLLERE BELOIT, WISCONSIN