• 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
"L I E> HAHY 
 
 OF THE 
 
 U N IVLRSITY 
 
 Of ILLINOIS 
 
 630.T 
 
 no.5TG-59^ 
 
 AGRICULTURE 
 
ILL 
 
 c/ 
 
 Field Descriptions and Analytical Data of Certain 
 
 LOESS-DERIVED 
 GRAY-BROWN 
 PODZOLIC SOILS 
 
 In the Upper Mississippi River Vql 
 
 JUL \% ®& 
 
 n 0fBHS06 
 
 u« 
 
 NORTH CENTRAL REGIONAL 
 PUBLICATION NO. 46 
 
 Agricultural Experiment Stations of Illinois, Indiana, 
 Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, 
 North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin and 
 U. S. Department of Agriculture, cooperating 
 
 May, 1955 Bulletin 587 
 
 UNIVERSITY OF ILLINOIS • AGRICULTURAL EXPERIMENT STATION 
 
MEMBERS OF THE SUBCOMMITTEE ON SOIL SURVEY OF THE 
 REGIONAL RESEARCH COMMITTEE ON SOILS OF THE 
 NORTH CENTRAL REGION (May, 1955) 
 
 A. R. AANDAHL 
 
 U. S. Department of Agriculture 
 
 J. K. ABLEITER 
 
 U. S. Department of Agriculture 
 
 O. W. BIDWELL 
 
 Kansas State College 
 
 JOHN ELDER 
 
 Nebraska Conservation 
 and Survey Division 
 
 F. D. HOLE 
 
 University of Wisconsin 
 
 NICHOLAS HOLOWAYCHUK 
 
 Ohio State University 
 
 H. H. KRUSEKOPF 
 
 University of Missouri 
 
 J. E. MC CLELLAND 
 
 North Dakota Agricultural College 
 
 P. R. MC MILLER 
 
 University of Minnesota 
 
 R. T. ODELL 
 
 University of Illinois 
 
 F. F. RIECKEN 
 
 Iowa State College 
 
 H. P. ULRICH 
 
 Purdue University 
 
 F. C. WESTIN 
 
 South Dakota State College 
 
 E. P. WHITESIDE 
 
 Michigan State College 
 
 G. M. BROWNING 
 
 Iowa State College, 
 Administrative Adviser 
 
Field Descriptions and Analytical Data of Certain 
 
 LOESS-DERIVED GRAY-BROWN PODZOLIC SOILS 
 
 In the Upper Mississippi River Valley 
 
 Five state experiment stations and the U. S. Department of Agriculture 
 actively participated in preparing this research report for the Subcommit- 
 tee on Soil Survey of the Regional Research Committee on Soils of the 
 North Central Region and for the former Divisions of Soil Survey and 
 Soils, Fertilizers, and Irrigation of the U. S. Department of Agriculture. 
 Individuals primarily responsible were: 
 
 R. J. MUCKENHIRN, University of Wisconsin 
 
 L. T. ALEXANDER, U. S. Department of Agriculture 
 
 R. S. SMITH, University of Illinois 
 
 W. D. SHRADER, U. S. Department of Agriculture 
 
 F. F. RIECKEN, Iowa State College 
 
 P. R. MC MILLER, University of Minnesota 
 
 H. H. KRUSEKOPF, University of Missouri 
 
 Many other individuals helped to gather data : 
 
 Project Z-1-2-8 samples were collected and described by R. J. Muckenhirn, 
 E. P. Whiteside, and W. D. Shrader, with the assistance of L. T. Alexander, 
 T. C. Bass, C. J. Krumm, H. H. Krusekopf, P. R. McMiller, Grant Mickelson, 
 I. J. Nygard, A. M. O'Neal, F. F. Riecken, R. W. Simonson, and H. L. 
 Wascher. E. D. Fowler helped with the preliminary planning of this co- 
 operative study. Laboratory work on these samples was done under the 
 direction of L. T. Alexander. 
 
 Illinois state samples were collected and described by R. H. Bray, E. E. 
 DeTurk, J. E. Gieseking, E. A. Norton, R. T. Odell, Guy D. Smith, R. S. 
 Smith, P. T. Veale, and H. L. Wascher. 
 
 Iowa state samples were collected and described by C. E. Hutton, A. M. 
 O'Neal, F. F. Riecken, R. W. Simonson, C. StaufTer, and G. Swenson. 
 
 Illinois Agricultural Experiment Station Bulletin 587 Urbana, Illinois 
 
 North Central Regional Publication 46 May, 1955 
 
CONTENTS 
 
 PAGE 
 
 How and Why This Study Was Made 5 
 
 Reasons for study 
 
 Objectives 
 
 Profile samples included 
 
 Field and laboratory methods 7 
 
 Characteristics of Seaton, Fayette, Clinton, and Related Soils 7 
 
 Classification of profiles on basis of field descriptions 7 
 
 Correlation of observed field characteristics with laboratory 
 
 10 
 
 data 
 
 - . . 15 
 
 Conclusions 
 
 Appendix A: Detailed Field Descriptions of Soils 19 
 
 Appendix B: Laboratory Procedures 6o 
 
 Appendix C: Analytical Data for Soils ° 8 
 
HOW AND WHY THIS STUDY WAS MADE 
 
 A thick deposit of loess, in an almost continuous band, covers the 
 upland along both sides of the Mississippi river floodplain, from 
 southeastern Minnesota to a latitude south of southern Illinois. In 
 most places the band of thick loess is 10 to 25 miles wide. 
 
 The deposit varies in thickness from 5 feet or less to more than 
 50 feet. In general, it is thicker in the southern part of the region than 
 in Minnesota and Wisconsin. Also, the loess is characteristically 
 thickest on the bluffs, thinning away from the river valley. This varia- 
 tion is more apparent in the southern or thick-loess area than in the 
 ' north. Loess-derived soils from deposits thinner than about 5 feet are 
 not included in this study. 
 
 Most of the topography in the area of thick loess is dissected and 
 has strong relief. It varies from rolling to hilly and steep. Nearly all 
 the land is well-drained and most of it was originally forested. In fact, 
 the entire environment is similar throughout the whole area except 
 for the differences in temperature and rainfall from north to south 
 (Fig. 1) and slight differences in texture of the loess material extend- 
 ing away from the bluffs. 
 
 Differences between soils should therefore be due to differences in 
 climate and in the loess material. It is generally assumed that the 
 differences in climate are great enough to cause some soil variation. 
 Little is known regarding differences in the chemical and mineral com- 
 position or physical characteristics, other than texture, of the loess. 
 
 Reasons for Study 
 
 Numerous soil series have been established within the thick-loess 
 area. The differentiation of the series is based mainly on differences in 
 degree of profile development as indicated by texture and mottling in 
 the subsoil. Often, however, there has been uncertainty as to the 
 placing of boundaries between soil units. Individual concepts vary 
 both as to the soil profile criteria that should be used in differentiating 
 the established soil series and the significance of these criteria. It is 
 because of this uncertainty in differentiating, defining, and delineating 
 soil units that the present cooperative project was undertaken in 1944. 
 
 Attention was focused on two Gray-Brown Podzolic loess-derived 
 soil series, known as Clinton and Fayette, in the upper Mississippi 
 valley. Clinton had been established in 1916 and Fayette in 1919, but 
 as they became widely mapped, their identity as originally defined 
 was lost, It had been clear since the early 1930's that a systematic 
 field and laboratory study was needed to establish the characteristics 
 of each series. 
 
 5 
 
6 Bulletin No. 587 [May, 
 
 Objectives 
 
 The objectives of the study were threefold: 
 
 1. To obtain physical and chemical data that would characterize 
 the well-drained loess-derived Gray-Brown Podzolic soils of the upper 
 Mississippi valley. 
 
 2. To define the Clinton and Fayette soils, basing the characteriza- 
 tions and definitions on physical and chemical data and on the profile 
 features observed in the field. 
 
 3. To prepare a map, based on an interpretation of the data and 
 on the soil features observed and described in the field, showing the 
 areas within which Clinton and Fayette soils would be expected to 
 occur. 
 
 Profile Samples Included 
 
 Soil samples for the cooperative project were collected in 1944 and 
 1945. They were designated as Z-l-2-8 samples. These project samples 
 were analyzed in the laboratories of the Division of Soils, Fertilizers, 
 and Irrigation, U. S. Department of Agriculture. 
 
 Also included in this report are results of investigations of a few 
 soil profiles known as state profiles, from Illinois and Iowa. Most of 
 them were collected before the cooperative project was begun. Labora- 
 tory work was done at the two state experiment stations. The letter 
 T before a number is used to designate the Illinois state samples ; and 
 the letter P, the Iowa state samples. 
 
 All the profiles included in this study are given, in numerical order 
 in the following list. Profile descriptions, together with their exact 
 location, are given in Appendix A. Their general location is indicated 
 in Fig. 1. 
 
 Z-l-2-8 Profiles 
 
 2 -Wisconsin, Richland county 18 -Iowa, Washington county 
 
 3 -Wisconsin, Grant county 19 -Iowa, Linn county 
 
 4 -Wisconsin, Grant county 20 - Missouri, Pike county 
 
 5 -Wisconsin, Grant county 21 -Illinois, Macoupin county 
 
 6 - Minnesota, Winona county 22 - Missouri, St. Charles county 
 
 7 -Minnesota, Houston county 23 -Missouri, St. Charles county 
 
 8 -Minnesota, Fillmore county 24 -Missouri, Cape Girardeau county 
 
 9 - Minnesota, Olmsted county 25 - Missouri, Cape Girardeau county 
 
 10 -Wisconsin, LaCrosse county 26 -Missouri, Lincoln county 
 
 11 -Illinois, Ogle county 27 -Missouri, St. Charles county 
 
 12 - Illinois, Carroll county 28 - Illinois, Jersey county 
 
 13 - Illinois, Carroll county 29 - Illinois, Randolph county 
 
 14 - Illinois, Carroll county 30 - Missouri, Perry county 
 15 -Illinois, Warren county 31 -Missouri, Perry county 
 16 -Iowa, Jackson county 32 -Illinois, Randolph county 
 17 -Iowa, Washington county 33 -Illinois, Randolph county 
 
1955] Seaton, Fayette, Clinton, and Related Soils 7 
 
 Illinois State Profiles Iowa State Profiles 
 
 T39 - Illinois, Warren county P32-Iowa, Tama county 
 
 T40 - Illinois, Henderson county P91-Iowa, Marion county 
 
 T44 - Illinois, Jersey county P96 - Iowa, Mahaska county 
 
 T45 - Illinois, Madison county P101 - Iowa, Allamakee county 
 
 Field and Laboratory Methods 
 
 The sampling sites were carefully chosen and were believed to be 
 characteristic of the soils occurring over a considerable area in each 
 of the cooperating states. They were located on slopes with gradients 
 of 4 to 8 percent either in wooded areas or in cultivated fields which 
 were formerly wooded and had not lost much soil material by recent 
 erosion. 
 
 A pit was dug at each site and the freshly exposed profile was 
 carefully examined and divided into soil horizons. Each horizon was 
 then subdivided into sampling layers 2 to 6 inches thick and described. 
 Colors of the freshly exposed soil were compared with Preliminary 
 Color Standards, 1 and structure was described in accordance with 
 Table 1 of the Report of the Inspectors' Meeting, Lincoln, Nebraska, 
 February, 19U- The field descriptions of the soil profiles studied are 
 given in Appendix A. 
 
 Samples of each layer were taken from one side of the pit for 
 laboratory analysis. The laboratory procedures used are given in 
 Appendix B and the results of the laboratory analyses are given in 
 Appendix C. 
 
 CHARACTERISTICS OF SEATON, FAYETTE, CLINTON, 
 AND RELATED SOILS 
 
 Classification of Profiles on Basis of Field Descriptions 
 
 Chief differences noted for the profiles are in color, in the texture 
 of the B horizons, in depth to mottlings, and in the thickness of sub- 
 surface horizons having a platy structure. 
 
 Mention is made in a few field descriptions of a definite hardness 
 or firmness in the parent material (C horizon) at depths of 4 to 5 
 feet, This apparent cementation was noted particularly for profiles 21, 
 Macoupin county, Illinois, and 22, St. Charles county, Missouri (see 
 page 43). Descriptions of profiles 24 and 25, Cape Girardeau county, 
 Missouri, and 31, Perry county, Missouri, also indicate a certain 
 degree of resistance to crushing at the same depths. This characteristic 
 
 , U. S. Dept. Agr. Misc. Pub. 425. 
 
Bulletin* No. 587 
 
 Ulay, 
 
 Distribution of selected loess-derived Gray-Brown Podzolic soils in the 
 upper Mississippi valley. (Fig. 1) 
 
1955] Seaton, Fayette, Clinton, and Related Soils 9 
 
 of these soil profiles gives some indication that the soils in the south- 
 ern part of the area under study are related to soils with fragipans, 
 such as Grenada, of the Southern Mississippi valley. The brighter or 
 stronger yellowish-brown colors in the B horizons of the profiles in 
 Cape Girardeau county, Missouri, further suggests that these soils are 
 approaching the characteristics of some of the soils farther south. 
 
 On the basis of field descriptions, the profiles can be divided into 
 the following groups: 
 
 /. Profiles free of mottling to 38 inches and with a platy sub- 
 surface (A 2 ) horizon 3 to 12 inches thick. (Profile Nos. 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 
 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 16, 19, T39, T40, P32, and P101.) This large 
 group of profiles occurs in a more or less continuous area in adjoining 
 parts of Minnesota, Wisconsin, Iowa, and Illinois (Fig. 1). The 
 parent loess originated from a relatively common source, primarily 
 material blown from valley train sediments and drift of Wisconsin 
 glacial age in the upper Mississippi river valley. 
 
 II. Profiles free of mottling to a depth of at least 40 inches and 
 with a platy layer (A 2 ) less than 2Vo inches thick or entirely absent. 
 (Profile Nos. 23, 24, 28, 29, 30, T44, and T45.) These profiles are all 
 in the southern part of the region studied and all originated from loess 
 containing some material from the Missouri river. 
 
 III. Profiles mottled at 30 to 40 inches and with platy structure in 
 the subsurface (A 2 ) horizon 2 X L » inches or more thick. (Profile Xos. 15, 
 17, 18, 20, P91, and P96.) This group occurs in a more or less continu- 
 ous area in northwestern Illinois, southeastern Iowa, and northeastern 
 Missouri. Profile 20 is included with this group on the basis of the 
 depth at which mottling occurs and thickness of the A 2 horizon, but 
 on the basis of laboratory data it is included in Group II. 
 
 IV. Profiles mottled at moderately shallow depths (20 to 36 inches) 
 and with less than 3 inches of platy -structured subsurface (A 2 ) hori- 
 zon. (Profile Nos. 21, 22, 25, 26, 27, 31, and 33.) These sample sites are 
 all at the southern end of the region studied in Cape Girardeau, 
 Lincoln, Perry, and St. Charles counties, Missouri, and Macoupin and 
 Randolph counties, Illinois. 
 
 T\ Profile strongly mottled at shallow depth (16 to 20 inches), 
 with a platy subsurface (A 2 ) horizon less than #% inches thick and 
 with upper subsoil (B z horizon) slightly prismatic. (Profile No. 32.) 
 This profile, which is in the southern end of the region studied, is the 
 most highly developed profile sampled. Although it is grouped with 
 
10 Bulletin No. 587 \May, 
 
 the Ava series, the field description, as well as the maximum clay 
 content of the subsoil, indicates that this profile more nearly resembles 
 the Bluford soil, an imperfectly drained associate of Ava. Ava ordi- 
 narily has no mottlings above a depth of 20 to 24 inches, and, accord- 
 ing to unpublished data from Illinois, the maximum clay content is 
 not more than about 35 percent. 
 
 Correlation of Observed Field Characteristics 
 With Laboratory Data 
 
 Several laboratory criteria, as well as field observations, are neces- 
 sary to differentiate the soil profiles effectively. Analysis of just one 
 chemical or physical characteristic is not enough. 
 
 The criteria which seem to be most important in differentiating 
 the soils are: 
 
 1. Clay content in the B 2 horizon. One of the most important dif- 
 ferentiating characteristics of these soils is in the maximum percent 
 of clay in the B 2 horizon. This determination is a measure of texture 
 and water-holding capacity. A study of the clay contents of other 
 horizons was made but no consistent differences were found. 
 
 2. Ratio of coarse silt to fine silt in the B 2 horizon. This ratio 
 tends to indicate differences in mean particle size of the original loess 
 and sometimes correlates with clay content. 
 
 3. The percent base saturation of the exchange complex in the B 2 
 horizon. This determination gives a measure of leaching differences 
 between profiles. 
 
 4- The ratio of exchangeable calcium to magnesium. This ratio 
 also gives a clue to the amount of leaching and weathering as the ratio 
 tends to narrow with increased weathering. 
 
 The correlation between the observed field characteristics and the 
 selected laboratory determinations for each group of profiles is dis- 
 cussed in the following paragraphs. 
 
 Group I. With the exception of Profiles 9, 10, 13. and T40, which 
 have silt loam B 2 horizons (less than 27 percent 2-micron clay) , the pro- 
 files in this group are relatively uniform in their properties (Table 1). 
 However, soils with silt loam B 2 horizons can, with the aid of a few 
 laboratory determinations and a little field experience, be separated 
 from those with silty clay loam B 2 horizons. 
 
 When the four profiles with silt loam B 2 horizons (Group la) are 
 segregated and compared with the remaining profiles of Group I, other 
 differences become apparent (Table 2). The ratio of coarse silt to fine 
 silt is appreciably wider in Group la than in Group lb. The ratio of 
 
1955] 
 
 Seaton, Fayette, Clinton, and Related Soils 
 
 11 
 
 Table 1 . — Selected Characteristics of the Soil Profiles of Group I, 
 
 Which Are Free of Mottlings to a Depth of 38 Inches and Have a 
 
 Platy Subsurface (A 2 ) Horizon More Than 3 Inches Thick 
 
 
 Maximum 2- 
 
 Ratio of coarse 
 
 Base 
 
 Ratio of 
 
 Profile 
 
 micron clav 
 
 silt to fine 
 
 saturation 
 
 exchangeable 
 
 No. 
 
 in B* 
 
 silt in B 2 
 
 of B 2 
 
 Ca to Mg in 
 
 
 horizon 
 
 horizon 
 
 horizon 
 
 Bo horizon 
 
 
 perct. 
 
 
 perct. 
 
 
 2 
 
 28.2 
 
 .96 
 
 59 
 
 1.9 
 
 3 
 
 31.1 
 
 1.12 
 
 56 
 
 2.1 
 
 4 
 
 29.9 
 
 1.31 
 
 63 
 
 2.4 
 
 5 
 
 32.9 
 
 1.12 
 
 65 
 
 1.6 
 
 6 
 
 29.3 
 
 1.37 
 
 68 
 
 2.8 
 
 7 
 
 30.6 
 
 1.43 
 
 63 
 
 2.4 
 
 8 
 
 29.5 
 
 1.50 
 1.50 
 1.51 
 
 70 
 69 
 62 
 
 2.1 
 
 9.. 
 
 ... 26 . 5 
 
 3.0 
 
 10 
 
 24.7 
 
 1.8 
 
 11 
 
 31.1 
 
 1.10 
 
 66 
 
 2.4 
 
 12 
 
 31.5 
 
 1.23 
 
 57 
 
 1.8 
 
 13 
 
 22.7 
 
 2.37 
 
 77 
 
 2.6 
 
 14 
 
 29.4 
 
 1.45 
 
 63 
 
 1.9 
 
 16 
 
 31.0 
 
 1.37 
 
 71 
 
 2.3 
 
 19 
 
 30.3 
 
 1.39 
 
 68 
 
 2.3 
 
 T39 
 
 30.3 
 
 1.29 
 
 77 
 
 2.4 
 
 T40 
 
 22.1 
 
 2.49 
 
 75 
 
 2.2 
 
 P32 
 
 35.5 
 
 
 78 
 
 1.9 
 
 P101 
 
 30.6 
 
 
 76 
 
 2.1 
 
 exchangeable calcium to exchangeable magnesium is slightly wider in 
 Group la, although there is considerable overlapping between the two 
 groups. 
 
 Group la profiles are classed with the Seaton series, although the 
 field description of the 21- to 25-inch layer in Profile 9 along with 
 
 Table 2. — Segregation of Soil Profiles of Group I According to 
 
 Content of 2-Micron Clay in B 2 Horizon and Its Relation 
 
 to Other Selected Characteristics 
 
 
 
 
 Maximum 
 
 Ratio of 
 
 Base 
 
 Ratio of ex- 
 
 Profile 
 
 Group 
 
 
 2-micron 
 
 coarse silt to 
 
 satura- 
 
 changeable 
 
 Xos. 
 
 (series) 
 
 
 clav in 
 
 fine silt in 
 
 tion of B 2 
 
 Ca to Mg in 
 
 
 
 
 B 2 horizon 
 
 B 2 horizon 
 
 horizon 
 
 B> horizon 
 
 
 
 
 perct. 
 
 
 perct. 
 
 
 9, 10, 13, 
 
 la 
 
 Range. . . 
 
 22.1-26.5 
 
 1 . 50-2 . 49 
 
 62-77 
 
 1.8-3.0 
 
 T40 
 
 (Seaton) 
 
 Aver. . . . 
 
 24.0 
 
 1.97 
 
 71 
 
 2.4 
 
 2, 3, 4, 5 
 
 lb 
 
 Range. . . 
 
 28.2-35.5 
 
 .96-1.50 
 
 56-78 
 
 1.6-2.8 
 
 6, 7, 8, 11 
 
 (Fayette) Aver. . . . 
 
 30.7 
 
 1.29 
 
 66 
 
 2.1 
 
 12, 14, 16, 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 19, T39, 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 P32, P101 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
12 Bulletin Xo. 587 [May, 
 
 the clay content of this layer and the layer immediately above, sug- 
 gests that this soil is borderline to Fayette. Group lb profiles have 
 light silty clay loam B 2 horizons and, with the exception of Profiles 
 11 and 12, are classed with the Fayette series. 
 
 Profiles 11 and 12 from western Ogle and eastern Carroll counties, 
 Illinois, are included in Group lb on the basis of laboratory data con- 
 cerning degree of weathering and profile development. They would, 
 however, be included in Group III on the basis of such field properties 
 as depth of mottling, thickness of A 2 horizon, the relatively dull colors 
 of the solum, prominent coatings on the angular structural aggregates 
 in the B horizon, apparent consistence, and field texture of the B 2 
 horizon. Soils from this area in Illinois and perhaps those with similar 
 profiles in south-central Wisconsin need further study before final 
 correlation is established for them. 
 
 Group II. The range of maximum 2-micron clay content in the B 2 
 horizon is essentially the same in Group II profiles as in Group lb, 
 although the average of Group II is slightly higher (Table 3). The 
 range in ratio of coarse silt to fine silt in the B 2 horizon, percent base 
 saturation, and ratio of exchangeable calcium to magnesium of 
 Group II soils also overlap those of Group lb, but the averages differ 
 somewhat. It is also of interest to note that Group II soils are geo- 
 graphically associated with such soils as Profiles 21 and 22. which 
 have a slight fragipan development (Table 5). 
 
 From the standpoint of base saturation and ratio of calcium to 
 magnesium, Profile 24 would fit better with Group IV (Table 5) than 
 with Group II. The strong resistance to crushing of the silty material 
 
 Table 3. — Selected Characteristics of the Soil Profiles of Group II, 
 
 Which Are Free of Mottling to a Depth of 40 Inches and 
 
 Which Have a Thin or No Platy A 2 Horizon 
 
 Maximum 2- Ratio of coarse Base Ratio of 
 
 Profile micron clay silt to fine saturation exchangeable 
 
 No. in B 2 ' silt in B 2 of B 2 Ca to Mg in 
 
 horizon horizon horizon B 2 horizon 
 
 perct. 
 
 20 34.7 
 
 23 31.2 
 
 24 29.5 
 
 28 32.7 
 
 29 32.2 
 
 30 32.0 
 
 T44 30.5 
 
 T45 32.7 
 
 Range 29.5-34.7 
 
 Aver 31.9 
 
 
 perct. 
 
 
 .79 
 
 70 
 
 1.8 
 
 1.01 
 
 64 
 
 1.8 
 
 .94 
 
 47 
 
 1.1 
 
 .85 
 
 62 
 
 1.3 
 
 1.24 
 
 58 
 
 1.9 
 
 1.42 
 
 64 
 
 1.6 
 
 
 67 
 
 2.5 
 
 
 57 
 
 2.4 
 
 . 79-1 . 42 
 
 47-70 
 
 1.1-2.5 
 
 1 . 03 
 
 61 
 
 1.8 
 
1055] 
 
 Seaton, Fayette, Clinton, and Related Soils 
 
 13 
 
 at depths of 4 to 5 feet also suggests a close relationship to some of 
 the profiles of Group IV. However, the clay content, ratio of coarse 
 silt to fine silt, lack of mottling to a depth of 40 inches, and the ab- 
 sence of platy structure place this profile in Group II. 
 
 Group II profiles are located in the southern part of the area 
 studied (Fig. 1) and are near the floodplain of the Mississippi river — 
 that is, near the loess source. They appear to represent a reasonably 
 uniform soil condition and are correlated in the Menfro series. How 
 these soils may differ from the Alford series in the Wabash river valley 
 and the Memphis series of the southern Mississippi river valley was 
 not determined in this study. 
 
 Table 4. — Selected Characteristics of the Soil Profiles of Group III 
 
 (Clinton), Which Are Mottled at 30 to 40 Inches, and Have a 
 
 Platy A 2 Horizon 2 V2 Inches or More Thick 
 
 Maximum 2- Ratio of coarse Base Ratio of 
 
 Profile micron clay silt to fine saturation exchangeable 
 
 No. in B 2 silt in B 2 of B 2 Ca to Mg in 
 
 horizon horizon horizon B2 horizon 
 
 perct. perct. 
 
 15 37.7 .76 61 1.4 
 
 17 38.0 .83 67 1.4 
 
 18 37.8 .80 70 1.5 
 
 P91 37.6 ... 75 1.8 
 
 P96 38.9 ... 85 1.5 
 
 Range 37.6-38.9 .76-. 83 61-85 1.4-1.8 
 
 Aver 38.0 .79 72 1.5 
 
 Group III. The clay content of the B 2 horizon of these profiles is 
 higher than in profiles of Groups I and II (Table 4). Both the ratio 
 of coarse silt to fine silt and the ratio of exchangeable calcium to mag- 
 nesium are narrower in Group III than in these other two groups. 
 Profiles of Group III, which are classified with the Clinton series 
 (Fig. I), 1 are formed from loess from the same general source as are 
 the Seaton and Fayette soils. However, the Clinton soils developed 
 from finer-textured loess and usually occur at a greater distance from 
 the loess source than Seaton and Fayette soils. 
 
 Group IV. Profiles of Group IV have certain properties very similar 
 to those of the Clinton soils (Group III), as can be seen by comparing 
 the profile descriptions of the two groups and by comparing data of 
 
 1 Within the Clinton area along Illinois river and its tributaries are well- 
 drained soils which correlate with the Clary series. Clary contains more clay than 
 Fayette and Menfro but is similar in other characteristics. Clary has no mottling 
 in the upper 40 inches of the profile and therefore does not correlate with Clinton. 
 
14 
 
 Bulletin No. 587 
 
 [May, 
 
 Table 5. — Selected Characteristics of the Soil Profiles of Group IV., 
 
 Which Are Mottled at Depth of 20 to 36 Inches, and Have 
 
 Less Than 3 Inches of Platy (A 2 ) Horizon 
 
 Maximum 2- 
 Profile micron clav 
 
 No. inBa 
 
 horizon 
 
 perct. 
 
 21 36.1 
 
 22 39.1 
 
 25 32.2 
 
 26 35.7 
 
 27 36.0 
 
 31 34.2 
 
 33 35.1 
 
 Range 32.2-39.1 
 
 Aver 35 . 5 
 
 Ratio of coarse 
 
 silt to fine 
 
 silt in B 2 
 
 horizon 
 
 Base 
 
 saturation 
 
 of B 2 
 
 horizon 
 
 Ratio of 
 
 exchangeable 
 
 Ca to Alg in 
 
 Bo horizon 
 
 
 perct. 
 
 
 .81 
 
 73 
 
 1.0 
 
 .87 
 
 52 
 
 1.0 
 
 .73 
 
 56 
 
 1.5 
 
 .69 
 
 70 
 
 2.1 
 
 .91 
 
 66 
 
 1.4 
 
 .78 
 
 52 
 
 1.1 
 
 .78 
 
 55 
 
 1.2 
 
 .69-. 91 
 
 52-73 
 
 1.0-2 
 
 .80 
 
 61 
 
 1.3 
 
 Tables 4 and 5. Profiles of Group IV have a greater range in maximum 
 clay content in the B 2 horizon than do the Group III profiles although 
 all but one (Profile No. 22) are slightly lower than any of the Clinton 
 soils and the average is lower. Further study may prove this to be a 
 significant point. Mottling tends to show at shallower depths and is 
 more intense in the Group IV soils. The range in base saturation of 
 the B 2 horizons of Group IV soils overlaps that of Group III but tends 
 to be lower. This is also true of the calcium-magnesium ratio. Further- 
 more, it was noted that some of the profiles in Group IV had slight to 
 moderate fragipan development in the C horizon. All of these facts 
 coupled with the occurrence of Group IV profiles in the southern part 
 of the area studied indicate that they should not be included with the 
 Clinton soils. 
 
 Group IV profiles occur farther from the loess source than do 
 Group II (Menfro) soils. In this study Group IV soils are classed with 
 the Winfield series although it seems apparent that more than one 
 series is represented in the group. How some of these profiles differ 
 from Alma and Hosmer is not known, and needs further study. 
 
 Group V. The one soil profile of Group V (Table 6) , taken in 
 Randolph county, Illinois, is the most highly developed profile studied. 
 It has the highest clay content in the B 2 horizon and the lowest per- 
 cent base saturation of any of the profiles in this study. This profile 
 was classed with the Ava series when the samples were taken. How- 
 ever, laboratory data and additional field observations indicate a 
 closer correlation to the Bluford series. 
 
Maximum 2- 
 
 Ratio of coarse 
 
 Base 
 
 Ratio of 
 
 micron clav 
 
 silt to fine 
 
 saturation 
 
 exchangeable 
 
 in B 2 
 
 silt in B 2 
 
 of Bo 
 
 Ca to Mg in 
 
 horizon 
 
 horizon 
 
 horizon 
 
 B 2 horizon 
 
 1955] Seaton, Fayette, Clinton, and Related Soils 15 
 
 Table 6. — Selected Characteristics of the One Profile in Group V, 
 
 Which Is Strongly Mottled at Shallow Depths, 1 6 to 20 Inches, 
 
 and Has a Platy A 2 Horizon Less Than 2 Vi Inches Thick 
 
 Profile 
 Xo. 
 
 perct. perct. 
 
 32 40.1 .80 45 1.0 
 
 Conclusions 
 
 The primary objectives of this study — the better characterization 
 and the general geographical delineation of the Clinton and Fayette 
 soils — have been accomplished. The main areas of occurrence of these 
 series are shown not only in Fig. 1 (page 8), but also in recent soil 
 association maps of Illinois, Iowa, Minnesota, and Wisconsin. 1 
 
 In addition, it has been possible to characterize the Seaton series. 
 Useful information has been obtained on the Menfro and Winfield 
 series, although they cannot yet be definitely characterized. 
 
 The Seaton, Fayette, and Clinton series may be considered to 
 represent three degrees of development from a more or less common 
 loess source under comparable vegetation, slope, and climate. With 
 increasing development, the clay content of the B 2 horizon increases, 
 as does the amount of fine silt in relation to coarse silt. The percent 
 base saturation remains essentially unchanged, but the proportion of 
 calcium to magnesium in the exchange complex decreases. 
 
 On the basis of laboratory and field study the Seaton, Fayette, and 
 Clinton soils may be defined as having the range in properties listed in 
 Table 7 and the characteristics indicated in the following descriptions. 
 
 Seaton soils are slightly weathered, weakly developed, light-colored 
 soils formed from coarse-textured Peorian 2 loess. They were developed 
 under good drainage with a deciduous hardwood (oak-hickory) cover 
 of vegetation. In uncultivated areas they have a 2- to 4-inch, weak 
 
 1 See: Illinois Soil Type Descriptions, AG1443, Illinois Agricultural Experi- 
 ment Station (1950); Understanding Iowa Soils. Brown and Co., Dubuque (1952); 
 .Soils of Minnesota, Ext. Bulletin 278, University of Minnesota (1954); Soils 
 of Wisconsin, University of Wisconsin (1947). 
 
 2 Peorian loess is a multiple loess of Wisconsin age, composed primarily of 
 Iowan and Tazewell loesses, with probably some Gary and possibly some Man- 
 kato loess. See Loess Formations of the Mississippi Valley, Report of Investiga- 
 tions Xo. 149, Illinois State Geological Survey (1950). 
 
16 
 
 Bulletin No. 587 
 
 [May, 
 
 Table 7. — Range in Selected Characteristics of the Seaton, Fayette, 
 
 and Clinton Soils 
 
 
 Maximum 2- 
 
 Ratio of coarse 
 
 Base 
 
 Ratio of 
 
 Soil 
 
 micron clay 
 
 silt to fine 
 
 saturation 
 
 exchangeable 
 
 series 
 
 in B 2 
 
 silt in B 2 
 
 of B 2 
 
 Ca to Mg in 
 
 
 horizon 
 
 horizon 
 
 horizon 
 
 B 2 horizon 
 
 
 perct. 
 
 
 perct. 
 
 
 Seaton 
 
 20-27 
 
 1.5-2.5 
 
 55-85 
 
 1.8-3.0 
 
 Fayette 
 
 27-35 
 
 .9-1.5 
 
 55-85 
 
 1.6-2.8 
 
 Clinton 
 
 35-40 
 
 .7- .9 
 
 55-85 
 
 1.4-1.8 
 
 brown or dark grayish-brown (10YR 4/1 to 5/1-5/2 dry; 10YR 3/1- 
 3/2 to 4/1 moist) 1 silt loam surface or A x horizon with a soft crumb 
 to granular structure. The subsurface or A 2 horizon is 8 to 13 inches 
 thick and is a light yellowish-brown to moderate yellowish-brown 
 (10YR 5/2-5/3 to 6/3-6/4 dry; 10YR 3/2-3/3 to 4/3 to 7.5YR 4/4- 
 5/4 moist) silt loam with thin to medium, weak platy structure. The 
 subsoil or B horizon is 20 to 30 inches thick and is a moderate yel- 
 lowish-brown to dark yellowish-brown (T0YR 5/3-5/4 to 6/3-6/4 to 
 7.5YR 5/4-6/4 dry; 7.5YR 3/4-4/4 to 4/5-5/4 moist) heavy silt loam 
 (20 to 27 percent maximum 2-micron clay) with very weak, medium 
 nutlike or subangular blocky structure. The C horizon or parent mate- 
 rial is a moderate yellowish-brown (10YR 5/3-5/4 to 6/3-6/4 dry; 
 10YR 4/3-4/4 to 7.5YR 4/4-5/4 moist), very weak, very coarse blocky 
 to massive silt loam. The entire profile including the C horizon has a 
 minimum thickness of 3Vi> feet and a maximum thickness of 6 or 
 more feet. 
 
 Fayette soils are moderately weathered, moderately developed, 
 light-colored soils formed from medium-textured Peorian loess. They 
 were developed under good drainage and with a cover of deciduous 
 hardwood (oak-hickory) vegetation. In uncultivated areas they have 
 a 2- to 4-inch weak brown to dark brownish-gray (10YR 5/1 to 6/2 
 dry; 10YR 3/1 to 4/1-4/2 moist) silt loam surface or Ai horizon with 
 weak, soft crumb to fine granular structure. The subsurface or A 2 
 horizon is 10 to 14 inches thick and is a pale brown to light yellowish- 
 brown (10YR 5/2-5/3 to 6/2-6/3 to 7/2-7/3 dry; 10YR 4/3-4/4 to 
 5/3 moist) silt loam with weak, fine to medium platy structure with 
 the aggregate surfaces usually sprinkled with light gray. The B 2 hori- 
 zon in the subsoil is a light to medium silty clay loam (27 to 35 per- 
 
 1 Munsell color notations are based on examinations of laboratory samples 
 of the Seaton, Fayette, and Clinton profiles. The accompanying color terms, 
 which conform with those suggested in U. S. Department of Agriculture Misc. 
 Pub. 425, are based upon the field descriptions in Appendix A. 
 
1955] Seaton, Fayette, Clinton, and Related Soils 17 
 
 cent maximum 2-micron clay). It is 20 to 30 inches thick and is 
 a moderate to dark yellowish-brown (10YR 5/4 to 6/3-6/4 dry; 
 10YR 4/3-4/4 to 5/4-5/5 to 9YR 4/3-4/4 moist) with moderate gray 
 coatings on moderately developed, medium-sized (1/4 to 3/4 inch), 
 nutlike or subangular blocky structural aggregates. The C horizon or 
 parent material is a moderate yellowish-brown ( 10YR 6/4-6/5 to 7/4- 
 7/5 dry ; 10YR 4/3-4/4 to 5/4-5/5 moist) , weak, very coarse blocky 
 to massive silt loam. The profile, including C horizon, has a minimum 
 thickness of 3% feet and a maximum thickness of 6 or more feet. 
 
 Clinton soils are moderately weathered, moderately to strongly 
 developed, light-colored soils, formed from fine-textured Peorian loess. 
 They were developed under conditions of moderately good drainage 
 and with a cover of deciduous hardwood (oak-hickory) forest vegeta- 
 tion. In uncultivated areas they have a 2- to 4-inch weak brown to 
 brownish-gray ( 10YR 5/2-6/2 diy; 10YR 3/1-3/2 to 4/1-4/2 moist) 
 silt loam surface or Ai horizon with soft crumb to fine granular struc- 
 ture. The subsurface or A 2 horizon is 10 to 14 inches thick and is a 
 light to moderate yellowish-brown (10YR 6/3 to 7/2-7/3 dry; 10YR 
 4/3-5/3 moist) silt loam with medium platy to weak fine nut struc- 
 tural aggregates sprinkled with light gray. The B 2 horizon in the sub- 
 soil is a heavy silty clay loam (35 to 40 percent maximum 2-micron 
 clay). It is 24 to 32 inches thick and is a moderate to dark yellowish- 
 brown (10YR 6/3-6/4 dry; 10YR 4/3-4/4 to 5/3-5/4 moist), mottled 
 in lower part with dark brown, strong brown, orange, and either olive 
 gray, weak yellow, or both. It has a well-developed, medium to coarse 
 (i/i to l 1 /! inches), gray-coated, blocky structure. The C horizon or 
 parent material is a weak, very coarse blocky to massive silt loam that 
 is light to moderate yellowish-brown (10YR 6/3-6/4 to 2.5Y 7/3 dry; 
 10YR 5/4-6/4 to 2.5Y 6/3 moist) , spotted with soft brown to black 
 iron-manganese concretions and streaked with light gray. The profile, 
 including C horizon, has a minimum thickness of 4 feet and a maxi- 
 mum thickness of 8 to 9 feet. 
 
 Menfro, Winfield, and related soils. Menfro and Winfield cannot 
 be satisfactorily defined until more work is done to compare their 
 characteristics with such soils as Ava, Hosmer, and Memphis and to 
 establish the southern limit of their occurrence. 
 
 Menfro soils closely resemble Fayette soils, with several of their 
 measured properties coming within the range of the Fayette series. 
 The two series occur under slightly different climatic conditions and 
 appear to be developing some characteristics differently. At this time 
 the separation of Menfro soils (Group II) from Fayette is more a 
 matter of geography than of great morphological differences. 
 
18 Bulletin No. 587 [May, 
 
 Table 8. — Comparison of Selected Characteristics of Soil Profiles 
 of the Clinton and Winfield Series 
 
 Maximum 2- Ratio of coarse Base Ratio of 
 
 Soil micron clay silt to fine saturation exchangeable 
 
 series in B 2 silt in B 2 of B 2 Ca to Mg in 
 
 horizon horizon horizon B 2 horizon 
 
 perct. perct. 
 Winfield (southern por- 
 tion: Profiles 25, 31, 33) 
 
 Range 32.2-35.1 .73-. 78 52-56 1.1-1.5 
 
 Aver 33.8 .76 54 1.3 
 
 Clinton (all profiles) 
 
 Range 37.6-38.9 .76-. 83 61-85 1.4-1.8 
 
 Aver 38.0 .79 72 1.5 
 
 Like the Menfro and Fayette soils, the Winfield and Clinton soils 
 are similar in some field properties and in some laboratory-determined 
 characteristics. However, while there is an overlap in all properties 
 tabulated, some different trends in development can be detected. If the 
 profiles from the southern end of the Winfield zone (No. 25 from Cape 
 Girardeau county, Missouri, No. 31 from Perry county, Missouri, and 
 No. 33 from Randolph county, Illinois) are considered separately their 
 differences from Clinton become evident. A summary of the properties 
 of these three profiles is given in Table 8, together with a summary 
 of the properties of the Clinton soils. When similar information is 
 obtained on a number of other profiles in this same region and to the 
 south, a more closely knit regrouping of the profiles now included in 
 Winfield can probably be made. 
 
 From Table 8 it is seen that the clay content and the base satura- 
 tion of the B 2 horizon of profiles of the southern members of the Win- 
 field series are appreciably and apparently significantly lower than 
 for the B 2 horizon of the profiles of the Clinton series. When these re- 
 sults are compared with the field descriptions, it is found that mottling 
 is associated with a lower clay content in the southern than in the 
 northern soils. 
 
 Profile 32 (Group V) helps to indicate the limits in properties of 
 the Winfield soils. The B 2 horizon of this profile has a lower base satu- 
 ration and appears to have a higher exchange capacity per 100 grams 
 of clay than Winfield and the other soils included in this study. 
 
 Although Profile 32 was classified as Ava, it contains somewhat 
 more clay in the B horizon than typical Ava, which usually has a 
 maximum 2-micron clay content of 32 to 35 percent according to un- 
 published data from Illinois. Therefore, this profile may more properly 
 be Bluford, an associate of Ava. 
 
H'oo] Detailed Field Descriptions of Soils 19 
 
 APPENDIX A: DETAILED FIELD DESCRIPTIONS OF SOILS 
 
 Profile No. 2, Project Z-l-2-8* 
 
 Richland county, Wisconsin Slope 8 percent 
 
 SE 1 /! Section 1, T 9 X, R 1 W. Sample taken 5 feet into roadside bank at curve 
 near top of hill on Highway 80, 500 feet E of farmstead of Harry Pauls. 1 mile 
 XE of Pauls school. Sampled by R. J. Muckenhirn and T. C. Bass. July 13. 1944. 
 
 Sample 
 No. Inches 
 
 1 0-2 Light brownish-gray silt loam. Fine granular aggregates; crush to 
 
 pale brown, floury silt loam. Grass roots very abundant. 
 
 2 2-8 Very light yellowish-brown silt loam. Very thin platy structure; 
 
 aggregates crush to light yellowish-brown. Fibrous roots abun- 
 dant, a few earthworms. 
 
 3 8-10 Very light yellowish-brown silt loam. Very thin platy structure; 
 
 aggregates crush to light yellowish-brown. Grass roots abundant. 
 Lower limit of this horizon varies from 10 to 13 inches. 
 
 4 10-14 Moderate yellowish-brown silt loam. Medium platy and medium 
 
 granular structure. 
 
 5 14-18 Moderate yellowish-brown to moderate brown silt loam. Fine 
 
 blocky structure, moderately resistant to crushing. 
 
 6 18-23 Moderate brown silty clay loam. Medium blocky structure, 
 
 aggregates slightly vesicular, with thin spotty gray coating, and 
 moderately resistant to crushing. Fairly numerous earthworms 
 and burrows. 
 
 7 23-29 Dark yellowish-brown silty clay loam. Medium blocky structure; 
 
 aggregates with slight gray coating in spots and streaks, and 
 crushing to moderate yellowish-brown. 
 
 Moderate yellowish-brown light silty clay loam. Medium blocky 
 structure, compact; aggregates firm. 
 
 Moderate yellowish-brown heavy silt loam with occasional pale 
 brown spots, apparently organic matter. 
 
 Moderate yellowish-brown silt loam. Coarse blocky structure; 
 aggregates with occasional brownish-black spots and splotches. 
 and weakly resistant to crushing. 
 
 56+ Light brownish-yellow silty material with cherty limestone 
 pebbles and stones. 
 
 Profile No. 3, Project Z-l-2-8 
 
 Grant county, Wisconsin Slope 4 percent 
 
 NE% of SW% Section 9. T 6 X. R 2 W on Frank Karasek farm in clover strip 
 20 feet S of fence and 25 feet XE of 18-inch elm tree. Sampled by R. J. Mucken- 
 hirn and T. C. Bass, July 13. 1944. 
 
 11 0-6 Brownish-gray silt loam. Fine granular structure. Some earth- 
 
 worms and grass roots abundant, some mixing of lower, lighter- 
 colored material by the plow. 
 
 12 6-12 Light yellowish-brown silt loam. Thin platy and fine granular 
 
 structure; aggregates slightly vesicular, thinly coated with gray. 
 Occasional spots and streaks of brownish-gray material; roots 
 moderately abundant. 
 
 8 
 
 29-36 
 
 9 
 
 36-45 
 
 10 
 
 45-56 
 
 'Project and file designation of the Bureau of Plant Industry, Soils, and Agricultural 
 Engineering, U. S. Department of Agriculture. 
 
20 Bulletin No. 587 {May, 
 
 Sample 
 No. Inches 
 
 13 12-18 Moderate yellowish-brown silt loam. Fine to medium blocky 
 
 structure; aggregates slightly vesicular. Occasional earthworm 
 burrows filled with brownish-gray material. Grass, clover, and 
 alfalfa roots moderately abundant. 
 
 14 18-24 Moderate yellowish-brown silty clay loam. Medium blocky struc- 
 
 ture. Fewer roots than in 12-18 inch layer. 
 
 15 24-30 Dark yellowish-brown silty clay loam. Medium blocky structure; 
 
 aggregates subangular with occasional dark-colored spots, prob- 
 ably organic matter. 
 
 16 30-34 Moderate to dark yellowish-brown silty clay loam. Medium 
 
 blocky structure but blocks are slightly larger and slightly lighter- 
 colored than in 24-30 inch layer. Aggregates moderately resistant 
 to crushing. 
 
 17 34-39 Moderate yellowish-brown silty clay loam. Coarse blocky struc- 
 
 ture ; aggregates moderately resistant to crushing. Very few roots. 
 
 18 39-45 Moderate yellowish-brown silt loam. Weakly developed coarse 
 
 blocky aggregates, faces lightly coated with gray. 
 
 19 45-52 Moderate yellowish-brown silt loam. Aggregates coated with light 
 
 gray, occasionally spotted with dark gray, yellowish-brown silty 
 material below 52 inches with some pebbles and stones of lime- 
 stone and flint. 
 
 Profile No. 4, Project Z-l-2-8 
 
 Grant county, Wisconsin 
 
 NWy 4 of SE14 Section 27, T 6 X, R 6 W. Ungrazed woods, 100 feet X of 
 macadam road, V± mile W of small gray farmhouse, 800 feet E of cheese factory 
 and school. Sampled by R. J. Muckenhirn and T. C. Bass, July 14, 1944. 
 
 20 0-1 Dark brownish-gray silt loam. Fine granular structure, friable. 
 
 Fibrous roots abundant. 
 
 21 1-3 Brownish-gray silt loam. Medium platy and coarse granular 
 
 structure; aggregates crush easily to light brownish gray. Fibrous 
 and larger roots abundant. 
 
 22 3-5 Light brownish-gray to brownish-gray silt loam. Coarse platy 
 
 and coarse granular structure; aggregates somewhat vesicular, 
 light brownish-gray when crushed. Worm burrows common, roots 
 abundant but less so than in 1-3 inch layer. 
 
 23 5-8 Pale brown silt loam. Medium platy and coarse granular struc- 
 
 ture; aggregates easily crushed, strongly vesicular. Worm holes 
 and casts abundant; most of the roots % to V-i inch in diameter; 
 some large root channels or burrows in lower part of layer filled 
 with brownish-gray material from above. Thickness of this layer 
 varies from 4 to 10 inches. 
 
 24 8-11 Pale brown silt loam. Slightly platy structure; coarse, highly 
 
 vesicular granules, thinly coated with gray. Some roots but very 
 few fibrous roots. 
 
 25 11-14 Light yellowish-brown silt loam. Weakly developed medium 
 
 blocky structure; aggregates highly vesicular, moderately gray- 
 coated, easily crushed. Earthworm casts abundant. 
 
 26 14-17 Moderate yellowish-brown silt loam. Coarse platy and medium 
 
 granular structure; aggregates vesicular, crushing easily. Some 
 roots, mostly about V t inch in diameter; wormholes and casts 
 not abundant. 
 
1955 I Detailed Field Descriptions of Soils 21 
 
 Sample 
 No. Inches 
 
 27 17-19 Moderate yellowish-brown silty clay loam. Medium blocky 
 
 structure; aggregates faintly vesicular, crushing easily without 
 change in color. Roots and wormholes infrequent. Not a clearly 
 defined layer. 
 
 28 19-23 Dark yellowish-brown silty clay loam. Medium blocky structure; 
 
 aggregates slightly vesicular, crushing with moderate resistance to 
 moderate yellowish-brown. Few roots or worm burrows. 
 
 29 23-27 Dark yellowish-brown silty clay loam. Medium blocky structure; 
 
 aggregates faintly vesicular, crushing with moderate resistance to 
 moderate yellowish-brown. Splotches and spots of gray and 
 reddish-brown in lower part. Roots and worm burrows few. 
 
 30 27-31 Dark yellowish-brown silty clay loam. Medium blocky structure; 
 
 aggregates firm, subangular, crushing to moderate yellowish- 
 brown. Moderate brown spots and moderate brown or light gray 
 splotches Vi to V-2 inch in diameter, also dark stains, apparently 
 organic matter. An occasional root. 
 
 31 31-34 Same as 23-27 inch layer. 
 
 32 34-39 Strong to dark yellowish-brown silt loam. Medium blocky struc- 
 
 ture; aggregates moderately vesicular, with dark organic stains 
 and specks and occasional spots of reddish-brown and gray par- 
 ticularly near decaying roots. Tree roots present and fibrous 
 roots more evident than in layers immediately above. 
 
 33 39-45 Light yellowish-brown silt loam. Coarse blocky structure; mod- 
 
 erately developed aggregates, splotched with light gray and strong 
 brown, and crushing without color change. 
 
 34 45-51 Light yellowish-brown silt loam. 
 
 35 60-72 Light yellowish-brown silt loam. 
 
 Profile No. 5, Project Z-l-2-8 
 
 Grant county, Wisconsin Slope 4 percent 
 
 SW corner of NW% Section 12, T 4 X, R 2 W. Sample taken 30 feet E and 30 
 feet S of an arbor vitae hedge in the NW corner of a yard surrounding the 
 foundation of a former church or school near the crest of a ridge. The vegetation 
 was weeds in a bluegrass sod. Reddish-brown clay residual from limestone was 
 encountered at 46 inches. Sampled by R. J. Muckenhirn and T. C. Bass, July, 
 1944. 
 
 36 0-4 Brownish-gray silt loam. Medium granular structure; aggregates 
 
 crush easily to light brownish-gray. Spots of light yellowish- 
 brown apparently turned up by plow. Thick mat of fibrous roots 
 particularly in upper part. 
 
 37 4-8 Light brownish-gray silt loam. Thin platy fine, easily crushed 
 
 granules. Worm burrows and casts abundant. 
 
 38 8-9 Light brownish-gray to light yellowish-brown silt loam. Thin 
 
 platy, fine, easily crushed granules. Heavy gray coating on 
 surface of plates; worm casts abundant. 
 
 39 9-11 Silt loam slightly lighter than moderate yellowish-brown. Me- 
 
 dium platy structure; plates gray-coated, aggregates crushing 
 easily to light yellowish-brown. Fibrous grass roots common but 
 less abundant than above. 
 
 40 11-16 Moderate yellowish-brown heavy silt loam. Medium granular 
 
 structure; aggregates easily crushed to light yellowish-brown. 
 
 Fibrous grass roots abundant. A few worm casts. 
 
22 Bulletin Xo. 587 [May, 
 
 Sample 
 No. Inches 
 
 41 16-22 Dark yellowish-brown silty clay loam. Medium blocky structure. 
 
 Aggregates slightly vesicular; coated with brown, white, and light 
 gray; showing frequent dark stains, presumably organic; and 
 crushing with moderate resistance to light yellowish-brown. Occa- 
 sional fibrous roots; worm action not evident. 
 
 42 22-26 Dark yellowish-brown silty clay loam. Medium subangular 
 
 blocky structure; aggregates slightly vesicular, with occasional 
 dark stains or splotches (apparently organic), and crushing with 
 some resistance to moderate yellowish-brown. Roots scarce; no 
 evidence of worm activity. 
 
 43 26-30 Dark yellowish-brown silty clay loam. Coarse blocky structure; 
 
 aggregates moderately vesicular. Occasional roots. 
 
 44 30-33 Dark yellowish-brown silty clay loam. Similar to 26-30 inch layer 
 
 but surface of aggregates are slightly darker and have a dull 
 greasy appearance. 
 
 45 33-36 Dark yellowish-brown heavy silt loam. Coarse blocky structure; 
 
 some reddish-brown and dark splotches on faces, somewhat greasy 
 appearance. 
 
 46 36-39 Dark yellowish-brown silt loam with slight reddish cast. Some 
 
 chert fragments and red, limestone-derived clay. 
 
 47 39-42 Moderate brown silty clay. Massive or coarse blocky structure; 
 
 dark stains on surfaces of aggregates. Small amount of chert. 
 
 Profile No. 6, Project Z-l-2-8 
 
 Winona county, Minnesota Slope 5 percent 
 
 XE*4 of SWV4 of SWVi Section 16, T 106 X. R 7 W. Sample taken in clover 
 strip 150 feet S of the intersection of the side road north with the E-W road 
 through the SW 1 ^ of Section 16. Sampled by R. J. Muckenhirn, P. R. McMiller, 
 and I. J. Xygard, July 31, 1944. 
 
 48 0-5 Weak brown friable silt loam. Weakly platy and medium gran- 
 
 ular structure. Slight admixture of yellowish-brown soil from 
 layer below. Earthworms fairly abundant, grass roots abundant. 
 
 49 5-8 Moderate brown silt loam. Medium granular structure; aggre- 
 
 gates crush to moderate yellowish-brown. Abundant worm casts 
 give this layer its dark shade. Grass roots abundant but less than 
 in 0-5 inch layer. 
 
 50 8-13 Moderate yellowish-brown silt loam. Medium platy structure; 
 
 aggregates moderately vesicular, elongated rather than rounded, 
 with some gray coating. Fibrous roots, wormholes, and worm 
 casts less abundant than in 5-8 inch layer. 
 
 51 13-17 Moderate yellowish-brown silt loam. Fine to medium nut struc- 
 
 ture; aggregates well-coated with gray, crushing easily to light 
 yellowish-brown. Worm holes and fibrous roots abundant. 
 
 52 17-20 Moderate yellowish-brown heavy silt loam. Medium nut struc- 
 
 ture ; aggregates vesicular, irregularly coated with gray, crushing 
 easily to lighter yellowish-brown. 
 
 53 20-25 Moderate to dark yellowish-brown silty clay loam. Medium 
 
 blocky structure; aggregates slightly vesicular, fairly abundantly 
 gray-coated, crushing with moderate resistance to moderate yel- 
 lowish-brown. Fibrous roots abundant; worm activity slight. 
 
1955] Detailed Field Descriptions of Soils 23 
 
 Sample 
 No. Inches 
 
 54 25-29 Dark yellowish-brown silty clay loam. Medium to coarse blocky 
 
 structure; aggregates moderately vesicular, slightly to moderately 
 gray-coated, crushing with moderate resistance to moderate yel- 
 lowish-brown. Fibrous roots not very abundant. 
 
 55 29-32 Same as 25-29 inch layer except that there is a little less gray 
 
 coating and aggregates contain dark specks and yellowish-brown 
 material. 
 
 56 32-36 Moderate yellowish-brown silty clay loam. Similar to 29-32 inch 
 
 layer but more silty and with more light yellowish-brown. Roots 
 infrequent. 
 
 57 36-42 Light yellowish-brown silt loam. Weakly developed coarse blocky 
 
 structure; aggregates slightly vesicular with occasional dark 
 specks. Few roots. 
 
 58 42-50 Moderate yellowish-brown silt loam. Weakly developed coarse 
 
 blocky structure; aggregates slightly vesicular. Few roots. 
 
 59 50-62 Moderate yellowish-brown silt loam containing some grit from 
 
 limestone or sandstone bedrock. 
 
 Profile No. 7, Project Z-l-2-8 
 
 Houston county, Minnesota Slope 4 percent 
 
 NWy 4 of SW14 Section 34, T 103 X, R 5 W. Sample taken 100 feet W of road 
 in brushy ungrazed woodlot. Vegetation: oak, hickory, hazel brush, and black- 
 berry vines. This profile was thought by the samplers to represent the "heavy 
 subsoil phase" of Fayette as mapped in Minnesota. Sampled by R. J. Mucken- 
 hirn, P. R. McMiller. and I. J. Xygard, August 1, 1944. 
 
 60 0-2 Brownish-black silt loam. Fine granular structure; high in or- 
 
 ganic matter, thickly permeated by roots. 
 
 61 2-5 Light brownish-gray silt loam. Fine to very fine platy structure ; 
 
 sharply separated from 0-2 inch layer. Wormholes, worm casts. 
 and roots abundant. 
 
 62 5-10 Moderate yellowish-brown silt loam. Very thin platy and fine 
 
 granular structure with gray coating on surfaces of aggregates. 
 Wormholes and casts less abundant than in 2-5 inch layer. 
 
 63 10-13 Moderate yellowish-brown silt loam. Medium granular and very 
 
 slightly platy structure; aggregates moderately gray-coated. 
 Wormholes and roots abundant. This layer is transitional between 
 the layer above and the layer below but resembles the layer 
 above more strongly. 
 
 64 13-15 Moderate yellowish-brown silt loam. Weakly developed medium 
 
 nut structure; aggregates lightly coated with gray. Roots and 
 wormholes abundant . 
 
 65 15-18 Moderate yellowish-brown heavy silt loam. Medium nut struc- 
 
 ture; crushes with moderate resistance to moderate yellowish- 
 brown. Wormholes abundant but few roots. Transitional to B 
 horizon. 
 
 66 18-21 Moderate yellowish-brown silty clay loam. Fine to medium nut 
 
 structure; aggregates irregularly sprinkled with gray, moderately 
 resistant to crushing. Roots mid wormholes few. 
 
 67 21-25 Dark yellowish-brown silty clay loam or silty clay. Medium nut 
 
 structure; aggregates irregularly coated with gray, dark brownish 
 specks on some surfaces; crushing with strong resistance to yel- 
 lowish-brown. A few fibrous roots and wormholes. 
 
24 Bulletin No. 587 [May, 
 
 Sample 
 No. Inches 
 
 68 25-31 Dark to moderate yellowish-brown silty clay loam or silty clay. 
 
 Medium blocky structure; aggregates slightly vesicular, thinly 
 sprinkled with gray, speckled with dark brown, crushing with 
 strong resistance. Abundant fibrous roots, occasional root % inch 
 in diameter; a few wormholes. 
 
 69 31-37 Moderate to dark yellowish-brown silty clay loam. Medium to 
 
 coarse blocky structure; aggregates slightly vesicular, thinly 
 coated with gray, having an occasional dark speck or splotch, 
 crushing with strong resistance. Fibrous roots abundant. 
 
 70 37-44 Moderate yellowish-brown silty clay loam. Coarse blocky struc- 
 
 ture; aggregates slightly vesicular, unevenly coated with gray, 
 crushing with moderate resistance. A few fibrous roots. 
 
 71 44-50 Moderate yellowish-brown silt loam. Weakly developed coarse 
 
 blocky structure; aggregates slightly vesicular, with dark yellow- 
 ish-brown surfaces and lighter-colored interiors — surfaces irregu- 
 larly and thinly gray-coated, both surfaces and interiors speckled 
 and spotted with dark brown. A few roots Vs to % inch in 
 diameter; some worm and insect burrows. 
 
 72 50-68 Moderate to strong yellowish-brown silt loam. Some dark 
 
 splotches. 
 
 73 68-86 Moderate yellowish-brown heavy silt loam. Soft consistency and 
 
 slightly plastic. 
 
 74 96-106 Yellowish-brown silt loam, calcareous, slightly mottled. 
 
 Profile No. 8, Project Z-l-2-8 
 
 Fillmore county, Minnesota Slope 4 percent 
 
 SWi4 of NEVi Section 1, T 101 N, R 10 W. Sample taken from 2 feet into 
 road bank 100 feet E of N-S line through middle of Section 1, 400 feet W of 
 schoolhouse along edge of grazed woods. Sampled by R. J. Muckenhirn, P. R. 
 McMiller, and I. J. Nygard, August 2, 1944. 
 
 75 0-2 Light brownish-gray silt loam. Finely granular, held together 
 
 firmly by dense mat of fibrous roots. 
 
 76 2-6 Pale brown silt loam. Thin platy and well-developed medium 
 
 granular structure; aggregates sprinkled with gray, crushing easily 
 to light-yellowish brown. Fibrous roots, worm and insect bur- 
 rows very abundant. Rodent burrows frequent, often horizontal. 
 
 77 6-9 Light brownish-gray to pale brown floury silt loam. Fine platy 
 
 structure; aggregates moderately vesicular, abundantly sprinkled 
 with gray, crushing easily to light yellowish-brown. Insect bur- 
 rows, worm casts, and roots up to V± inch in diameter abundant. 
 This layer grades into the one below, which is more compact and 
 slightly darker. 
 
 78 9-13 Light yellowish-brown friable silt loam. Fine to medium platy 
 
 and medium granular structure; aggregates highly vesicular, 
 abundantly sprinkled with gray, crushing easily to light yellowish- 
 brown. Roots and worm burrows frequent but less than above. 
 
 79 13-15 Light yellowish-brown silt loam. Faintly platy and medium 
 
 granular structure; aggregates somewhat flattened, with gray 
 coating abundant but irregularly distributed, and crushing easily 
 without color change. Worm burrows and roots fairly common. 
 
 80 15-17 Same as 13-15 inch layer except aggregates vesicular, not flattened, 
 
 with slight gray coating. No worm burrows noted. This layer is 
 transitional to the B, has lost its platiness, and is more compact. 
 
1955] Detailed Field Descriptions of Soils 25 
 
 Sample 
 No. Inches 
 
 81 17-21 Light to moderate yellowish-brown heavy silt loam. Medium nut 
 
 structure; aggregates moderately vesicular, sprinkled with gray, 
 crushing with moderate resistance. Worm casts and roots fairly 
 abundant. 
 
 82 21-24 Moderate yellowish-brown silty clay loam. Well-developed me- 
 
 dium nut structure; aggregates slightly vesicular, moderately 
 resistant to crushing. Worm burrows abundant, roots few. 
 
 83 24-28 Moderate to dark yellowish-brown silty clay loam or silty clay. 
 
 Medium nut structure; aggregates slightly vesicular, slightly gray- 
 coated, moderately to strongly resistant to crushing. Few worm 
 burrows and roots. 
 
 84 28-33 Dark yellowish-brown silty clay loam or silty clay. Fine to 
 
 medium blocky structures; aggregates slightly vesicular, slightly 
 gray-coated. Worm burrows and roots few; roots %6-% inch in 
 diameter. 
 
 85 33-38 Dark yellowish-brown silty clay. Coarse blocky structure; 
 
 aggregates slightly vesicular, slightly gray-coated, strongly resist- 
 ant to crushing. A few large tree roots. 
 
 86 38^5 Same as 33-38 inch layer except moderately resistant to crushing. 
 
 A few roots % inch in diameter. This layer was interpreted as 
 being the lower part of the B. 
 
 87 45-48 Dark yellowish-brown silty clay loam. Similar to 38-45 inch 
 
 layer but coarser in structure and apparently coarser in texture. 
 
 88 48-58 Moderate yellowish-brown heavy silt loam. Very coarse blocky 
 
 structure; aggregates moderately vesicular, weakly resistant to 
 crushing. Very few roots. 
 
 89 112-118 Light yellowish-brown silt loam. Calcareous (noncalcareous 
 
 above 112 inches). 
 
 Profile No. 9, Project Z-l-2-8 
 
 Olmsted county, Minnesota Slope 4 percent 
 
 NE^ of SW 1 /! Section 16, T 105 N, R 13 W. Sample taken in ungrazed wood- 
 lot : oak, basswood, cherry, aspen, elm, ironwood, hickory, dogwood, upland 
 willow, poison ivy, solomon seal, bracken, and various ferns. Samples collected 
 by R. J. Muckenhirn, P. R. McMiller, and I. J. Nygard, August 3, 1944. 
 
 90 0-2 Weak brown silt loam. Finely granular; aggregates sprinkled 
 
 with gray; held together by mass of roots, fibrous to V2 inch in 
 diameter. 
 
 91 2-6 Light brownish-gray to pale brown silt loam. Finely platy struc- 
 
 ture; aggregates moderately vesicular, abundantly sprinkled with 
 gray, elongated, crushing easily to light yellowish-brown. Many 
 fibrous roots. 
 
 92 6-9 Light yellowish-brown silt loam. Medium platy structure; aggre- 
 
 gates vesicular, well-sprinkled with gray, crushing easily to 
 brighter yellowish-brown. Worm burrows and roots of all sizes 
 abundant. 
 
 93 9-12 Moderate yellowish-brown silt loam. Medium platy structure but 
 
 not well-developed; predominantly medium granular aggregates, 
 moderately vesicular, sprinkled with gray, flattened, crushing with 
 slight resistance to light yellowish-brown. Roots fairly numerous. 
 
 94 12-15 Dark yellowish-brown silt loam. Medium nut structure; aggre- 
 
 gates moderately vesicular, well-sprinkled with gray, crushing 
 easily to light yellowish-brown. Worm burrows and root holes 
 fairlv common. 
 
26 Bulletin Xo. 587 [May, 
 
 Sample 
 No. Inches 
 
 95 15-18 Moderate to dark yellowish-brown heavy silt loam. Fine to 
 
 medium nut structure; aggregates slightly vesicular, moderately 
 sprinkled with gray, crushing with slight resistance to light yel- 
 lowish-brown. A few worm burrows and a few roots up to % 
 inch in diameter. 
 
 96 18-21 Dark yellowish-brown silty clay loam. Well developed medium 
 
 nut structure; aggregates slightly vesicular, slightly gray-coated. 
 Few worm burrows and root holes. 
 
 97 21-25 Dark yellowish-brown silty clay loam. Medium blocky structure, 
 
 compact; aggregates very slightly vesicular, moderately sprinkled 
 with gray, crushing with moderate resistance to moderate yellow- 
 ish-brown. Very few roots. 
 
 98 25-30 Same as 21-25 inch layer. 
 
 99 30-35 Very dark yellowish-brown silty clay loam. Medium to coarse 
 
 blocky structure; aggregates slightly vesicular, lightly sprinkled 
 with gray, slightly resistant to crushing. A few roots. 
 
 100 35-38 Moderate yellowish-brown heavy silt loam. Medium to coarse 
 
 block}' structure; aggregates moderately vesicular, lightly 
 sprinkled with gray, slightly resistant to crushing. Few worm 
 burrows and root holes. 
 
 101 38-43 Moderate yellowish-brown silt loam. Weakly developed coarse 
 
 blocky structure; aggregates slightly vesicular, lightly coated 
 with gray, crushing easily to light yellowish-brown. Worm bur- 
 rows and root holes few. 
 
 102 43-48 Same as 38-43 inch layer. 
 
 103 48-60 Dark yellowish-brown silty clay loam. 
 
 104 60-72 Light yellowish-brown gritty silt loam to clay loam. Calcareous. 
 
 Contains partly rounded particles of quartz, feldspar, basalt, and 
 limestone. 
 
 Profile No. 10, Project Z-l-2-8 
 
 La Crosse county, Wisconsin Slope 6 percent 
 
 SE% of SWi4 of NWy 4 Section 35, T 16 N, R 7 W. Sample in hay strip about 
 1500 feet S of buildings of the upper Mississippi Valley Experiment Station. 
 Sampled by R. J. Muckenhirn and C. J. Krumm, September 8. 1944. 
 
 105 0-4 Weak brown silt loam. Aggregates crush easily without color 
 
 change. Some mixture of yellowish-brown material from a lower 
 layer. 
 
 106 4-7 Silt loam, about % weak brown and % light yellowish-brown. 
 
 Weakly developed medium granular structure; aggregates crush 
 easily to yellowish-brown. Worm casts, weak brown in color, 
 compose about V3 the volume of this layer. Fibrous grass roots 
 moderately abundant. Plowing apparently has mixed two ma- 
 terials into this horizon but the mixing is not uniform or 
 complete. 
 
 107 7-10 Moderate yellowish-brown silt loam. Medium platy structure; 
 
 aggregates slightly vesicular, with light-gray coating, and crush- 
 ing to light to moderate yellowish-brown. Fibrous roots fairly 
 abundant ; a few ^-inch alfalfa roots and tree root channels 
 filled with weak brown worm casts. 
 
1955] Detailed Field Descriptions of Soils 27 
 
 Sample 
 No. Inches 
 
 108 10-14 Moderate yellowish-brown silt loam. Medium plat}' structure; 
 
 aggregates slightly vesicular, irregularly flattened, with slight 
 gray coating, and crushing without change in color. Roots not 
 abundant : a few fibrous roots, large alfalfa roots, and decom- 
 posed tree roots. 
 
 109 14-16 Moderate yellowish-brown silt loam. Weakly developed nut 
 
 (•/4 to % inch) structure; aggregates subangular, gray-coated; 
 some flattened, giving faint platy appearance, and slightly vesi- 
 cular. A few fibrous roots. 
 
 110 16-18 Moderate to dark yellowish-brown heavy silt loam. Medium nut 
 
 structure; aggregates slightly vesicular, lightly coated with gray. 
 and crushing easily to moderate yellowish-brown. A few fibrous 
 roots. 
 
 111 18-22 Moderate yellowish-brown silty clay loam. Medium blocky 
 
 structure, aggregates slightly vesicular, lightly coated with gray, 
 
 with occasional dark specks on the surfaces, and crushing with 
 
 moderate resistance without color change. A few medium-sized 
 and fibrous roots. 
 
 112 22-26 Moderate to dark yellowish-brown silty clay loam. Medium 
 
 blocky structure; aggregates irregularly coated with gray, and 
 crushing with moderate resistance to yellowish-brown. Few roots. 
 
 113 26-31 Dark yellowish-brown silty clay loam. Medium to coarse blocky 
 
 structure; aggregates slightly vesicular, somewhat darker on 
 surfaces, with occasional dark specks and sparse gray coating, and 
 crushing with moderate difficulty to moderate yellowish-brown. 
 Occasional root 1 i inch in diameter. 
 
 114 31-34 Moderate yellowish-brown silty clay loam. Medium blocky 
 
 structure; aggregates slightly vesicular, very slightly gray-coated, 
 with occasional dark specks and splotches, and crushing with 
 moderate resistance to moderate yellowish-brown. Aggregates 
 seem to be better developed than above. Roots very few. 
 
 115 34-37 Moderate to dark yellowish-brown silt loam. Coarse blocky struc- 
 
 ture; aggregates slightly vesicular, splotched with dark brown. 
 and crushing with slight resistance to light brownish-yellow. 
 Some %-inch roots. 
 
 116 37-41 Same as 34-37 inch layer except that it contains some reddish- 
 
 brown clay and sand from the limestone bedrock. The material 
 beneath 41 inches is dark yellowish-brown silt loam mixed with 
 sand, chert, and reddish clay from the limestone bedrock. 
 
 Profile No. 11, Project Z-l-2-8 
 
 Ogle county, Illinois Slope 5 percent N 
 
 WY 1 ! of SW*4 Section 24. T 24 N, R 7 E. Sample taken in ungrazed woods 25 
 fe< t E of roadside and 11 rods N of crest of third ridge N of pavement. Vegeta- 
 tion chiefly oak with undergrowth of small ash trees, cherry, hazel, and dogwood. 
 The subsoil of this profile was judged to be so high in clay that it was termed 
 "heavy subsoil phase." The data do not bear out this field judgment, indicating 
 a problem needing study. A half inch of partially decomposed leaves, twigs. 
 acorns, and grass overlaid the mineral soil. Sampled by R. J. Muckenhirn, H. L. 
 Wascher, and E. P. Whiteside, September 25, 1944. 
 
 117 0-2 Brownish-gray silt loam. Fine granular structure. Contains much 
 
 partly decomposed organic matter and many fibrous roots. 
 
2S 
 
 Bulletin Xo. 587 
 
 [Mm 
 
 Sample 
 No. Inches 
 
 118 2-5 Light brownish-gray to brownish-gray silt loam. Fine granular 
 
 structure; aggregates crush easily without color change. Roots 
 abundant, usually less than r A inch in diameter. 
 
 119 5-9 Light brownish-gray to light yellowish-brown silt loam. Thin 
 
 platy structure; aggregates finely granular and somewhat flat- 
 tened, crushing easily to light yellowish-brown. Wormholes and 
 casts fairly abundant, roots moderately abundant, all sizes up to 
 1 inch in diameter. 
 
 120 9-13 Moderate yellowish-brown silt loam. Medium platy structure; 
 
 aggregates flattened, coarse granules, irregularly coated with gray, 
 and crushing with slight resistance without color change. Worm- 
 holes and casts abundant, roots abundant, usually % inch or 
 less in diameter. 
 
 121 13-16 Moderate yellowish-brown heavy silt loam. Fine nut structure; 
 
 aggregates slightly vesicular, moderately gray-coated, with occa- 
 sional dark specks, and crushing with slight resistance to lighter 
 yellowish-brown. Wormholes and casts not abundant, roots few, 
 up to V2 inch in diameter. 
 
 122 16-20 Moderate yellowish-brown silty clay loam. Medium blocky struc- 
 
 ture; aggregates slightly vesicular, irregularly gray-coated, moder- 
 ately to strongly resistant to crushing. Roots very few. 
 
 123 20-23 Dark yellowish-brown silty clay. Medium blocky structure; 
 
 aggregates very slightly vesicular, abundantly gray-coated, moder- 
 ately to strongly resistant to crushing. Interiors of aggregates 
 moderate yellowish-brown to moderate brown. Roots very few. 
 
 124 23-27 Dark yellowish-brown to moderate brown silty clay. Medium 
 
 blocky structure; aggregates slightly vesicular, thickly coated 
 with gray, strongly resistant to crushing. Roots few. 
 
 125 27-32 Moderate brown silty clay. Similar to 23-27 inch layer but some- 
 
 what darker. 
 
 126 32-36 Similar to 27-32 inch layer, except aggregates appear to be more 
 
 angular and harder. Moderate yellowish-brown when rubbed. 
 
 127 36-40 Dark yellowish-brown silty clay. Aggregates less angular and less 
 
 resistant to crushing than in 32-36 inch layer, crush to moderate 
 yellowish-brown. 
 
 128 40^44 Moderate yellowish-brown silty clay loam. Medium to coarse 
 
 blocky structure; aggregates slightly vesicular, moderately resist- 
 ant to crushing, with an occasional reddish-brown speck in 
 interiors. 
 
 129 44-47 Light to moderate yellowish-brown silty clay loam. Coarse 
 
 blocky structure; aggregates slightly vesicular, coated with dark 
 brown and with some gray, and moderately resistant to crushing. 
 Dark brown and yellowish-brown specks in interior of aggregates. 
 
 130 47-50 Light yellowish-brown silty clay loam. Coarse blocky structure; 
 
 aggregates moderately A T esicular, occasionally splotched with weak 
 brown. 
 
 131 50-55 Light yellowish-brown heavy silt loam. Coarse blocky structure; 
 
 aggregates slightly vesicular with some pores up to % mm. in 
 diameter, lightly mottled with dark yellowish-brown, moderately 
 gray-coated with an occasional splotch of weak brown. Occasional 
 sand grain. Very few roots, little worm activity. 
 
 132 55-63 Same as 50-55 inch layer. 
 
 133 63-72 Light yellowish-brown silt loam with some sand grains. 
 
1955] Detailed Field Descriptions of Soils 29 
 
 Sample 
 No. Inches 
 
 63-77 Mixture of materials like No. 133 and No. 134. Sampled for 
 Illinois only. 
 
 134 77-84 Moderate brown gravelly sandy loam. Glacial pebbles V± to % 
 
 inch in diameter. 
 
 Profile No. 12, Project Z-l-2-8 
 
 Carroll county, Illinois Slope 5 percent N 
 
 SE% of SW% Section 17, T 23 N, R 7 E. Sample taken in road bank along E 
 side of gravel road, 26 rods S of culvert. About 200 feet up the slope the loess is 
 145 inches deep, calcareous at 80 inches. Sampled by R. J. Muckenhirn, H. L. 
 Wascher, and E. P. Whiteside, September 26, 1944. 
 
 135 0-2 Brownish-gray silt loam. Fine granular structure; aggregates crush 
 
 easily to light brownish-gray. Mixed with organic matter from 
 grass and trees and thickly interlaced with fibrous roots. 
 
 136 2-\ Light brownish-gray to pale brown silt loam. Very thin platy 
 
 structure; aggregates fine to very fine and soft. Roots abundant. 
 
 137 4-8 Light yellowish-brown silt loam. Thin platy structure; aggregates 
 
 flattened, fine granules, moderately vesicular, thinly coated with 
 gray, and crushing easily to light yellowish-brown. Some worm- 
 holes and casts; fibrous roots abundant. 
 
 138 8-12 Moderate yellowish-brown silt loam. Medium platy structure 
 
 with slight sprinkling of gray; aggregates medium granular. 
 Filled rodent burrows, some worm casts. Roots fairly abundant. 
 
 139 12-15 Moderate yellowish-brown silt loam. Medium blocky structure ; 
 
 aggregates slightly vesicular, sprinkled with gray, and crushing 
 easily without color change. Little worm activity, roots few. 
 
 140 15-19 Light to moderate yellowish-brown heavy silt loam. Medium 
 
 blocky structure; aggregates slightly vesicular, lightly sprinkled 
 with gray, irregular but tend to be flattened. Slight worm 
 activity. 
 
 141 19-22 Moderate yellowish-brown silty clay loam. Medium blocky struc- 
 
 ture; aggregates slightly vesicular, angular, thinly sprinkled with 
 gray, moderately resistant to crushing. Little worm activity, few 
 fine roots, some partly decomposed roots up to % inch in 
 diameter. 
 
 142 22-25 Dark yellowish-brown silty clay. Similar to 19-22 inch layer 
 
 except most aggregates have moderate brown coating and are 
 abundantly sprinkled with gray. Roots not abundant. 
 
 143 25-28 Dark to moderate yellowish-brown silty clay. Medium blocky 
 
 structure; aggregates coated with gray and speckled with dark 
 brown. A few fibrous roots, some up to % inch in diameter. 
 
 144 28-31 Similar to 25-28 inch layer except that gray coating is more abun- 
 
 dant. Fibrous roots in the aggregate crevices only. 
 
 145 31-33 Moderate to dark yellowish-brown silty clay loam. Medium 
 
 blocky structure; aggregates coated with gray, in some places 
 heavy accumulations of gray. This layer similar to the 28-31 
 inch layer but grayer. 
 
 146 33-35 Same as 31-33 inch layer except aggregates are larger. 
 
 147 35-38 Dark yellowish-brown silty clay loam. Coarse blocky structure; 
 
 aggregates gray, coated with weak brown. Some dark orange spots 
 and specks of dark brown. Roots few. 
 
151 
 
 49-54 
 
 152 
 
 54-5S 
 
 153 
 
 58-64 
 
 30 Bulletin Xo. 587 [May. 
 
 Sample 
 No. Inches 
 
 148 38-41 Moderate yellowish-brown silty clay loam. Medium coarse blocky 
 
 structure; aggregates coated with moderate brown and spotted 
 with dark brown. Dark orange and gray along old root channels. 
 Fibrous roots and old root channels up to % inch in diameter. 
 
 149 41-45 Similar to 38-41 inch layer except that aggregates are larger. 
 
 slightly vesicular, and less resistant to crushing. 
 
 150 45-49 Moderate yellowish-brown light silty clay loam. Coarse blocky 
 
 structure; aggregates more vesicular, less angular, and less 
 resistant to crushing than in 41-45 inch layer, and spotted and 
 specked with dark brown. Very few roots. 
 
 Moderate yellowish-brown heavy silt loam. Weakly developed 
 coarse blocky structure; orange and gray near root channels. 
 
 Light to strong yellowish-brown silt loam. Weakly developed 
 coarse blocky structure. 
 
 Light to moderate yellowish-brown heavy silt loam. Weakly de- 
 veloped medium to coarse blocky structure. Aggregates slightly 
 vesicular, containing a few specks of dark brown and orange. 
 
 154 64-72 Similar to 58-64 inch layer except a little lighter-colored and 
 
 more silty. 
 
 155 72-81 Same as 64-72 inch layer. 
 
 156 81-87 Moderate yellowish-brown heavy silt loam. Probably weathered 
 
 till. A ^4-inch flint particle in the sample. 
 
 157 S7-99 Similar to the 81-87 inch layer but contains more pebbles. 
 
 Profile No. 13, Project Z-l-2-8 
 
 Carroll county, Illinois Slope 5 percent 
 
 NW% of SW 1 ^ Section 27, T 25 X, R 3 E. North of Savannah about 2Y 2 miles, 
 then westward 0.76 mile along a field road on a narrow ridge. Sample was taken 
 in the field near the end of the ridge about 30 feet S of its crest and about 30 
 feet N of the steeper wooded bluff face. Sampled by R. J. Muckenhirn, H. L. 
 Wascher. and E. P. Whiteside, September 27, 1944. 
 
 158 0-6 Weak brown silt loam, pale brown when dry. Fine granular 
 
 structure, aggregates crush easily to dark yellowish-brown. Fibrous 
 roots, worm casts, and organic residues in moderate abundance. 
 
 159 6-9 Moderate brown to moderate yellowish-brown silt loam. Thin 
 
 platy and medium granular structure; aggregates moderately 
 vesicular, lightly coated with gray, and crushing easily to brighter 
 moderate yellowish-brown. Worm casts and fibrous roots 
 abundant . 
 
 160 9-12 Moderate brown silt loam. Medium nut structure; aggregates 
 
 moderately vesicular, slightly resistant to crushing. Roots, worm- 
 holes, and casts moderately abundant. 
 
 161 12-15 Moderate brown silt loam. Medium blocky structure; aggregates 
 
 moderately vesicular, thinly gray-coated, crushing with slight 
 resistance to moderate yellowish-brown. Fibrous roots and worm- 
 holes less abundant than in above layer. 
 
 162 15-18 Moderate yellowish-brown heavy silt loam. Medium to coarse 
 
 blocky structure; aggregates moderately vesicular, lightly coated 
 with gray, and crushing with slight resistance without color 
 change. Fibrous roots fairly abundant ; a few wormholes and 
 casts; root channels filled with gray silt. 
 
1955] 
 
 Detailed Field Descriptions of Soils 
 
 31 
 
 Sample 
 No. Inches 
 163 18-21 
 
 164 21-24 
 
 165 24-27 
 
 166 27-30 
 
 167 30-33 
 
 168 33-37 
 
 169 37-40 
 
 170 40-45 
 
 171 45^8 
 
 172 48-52 
 
 173 52-60 
 
 174 60-66 
 
 175 66-70 
 
 176 75-90 
 
 Moderate brown light silty clay loam. Medium blocky structure; 
 aggregates slightly vesicular, sharply angular, very lightly 
 sprinkled with gray, and crushing with slight resistance to 
 moderate yellowish-brown. Few wormholes. roots fairly abundant. 
 
 Moderate brown heavy silt loam. Medium blocky structure; 
 aggregates slightly vesicular, with little gray coating, and crush- 
 ing with slight resistance to moderate yellowish-brown. Few 
 wormholes; fibrous roots fairly abundant, following the crevices 
 between the aggregates. 
 
 Same as 21-24 inch layer. 
 
 Same as 21-24 inch layer. 
 
 Moderate yellowish-brown to moderate brown silt loam appar- 
 ently with considerable very fine sand. Medium blocky structure; 
 aggregates slightly vesicular, subangular. weakly resistant to 
 crushing, occasionally specked with dark brown. Few roots. 
 
 Moderate yellowish-brown silt loam with very fine sand. Ag- 
 gregates weakly developed, slightly vesicular, very lightly 
 sprinkled with gray, moderate-brown-coated, crushing easily with- 
 out color change. Very few roots, worm activity slight. 
 
 Similar to 33-37 inch Layer. 
 
 Moderate yellowish-brown silt loam or very fine sandy loam. 
 Coarse nut structure; aggregates splotched with moderate brown 
 and crushing easily without color change. Very few roots and 
 worm casts. 
 
 Moderate yellowish-brown very fine sandy loam. Weakly de- 
 veloped coarse nut structure; aggregates slightly vesicular, with 
 slight gray coating between larger aggregates, and crushing easily 
 without color change. Very few roots and worm casts. 
 
 Same as 45-48 inch layer. 
 
 Same as 45-48 inch layer except no gray coating. 
 
 Moderate yellowish-brown silt loam to very fine sandy loam. 
 
 Similar to 60-66 inch layer. Calcareous at 70 inches. 
 
 Light yellowish-brown very fine sandy loam. Calcareous. 
 
 Profile No. 14, Project Z-l-2-8 
 
 Carroll county, Illinois Slope 5 percent 
 
 SE% of SYVU Section 26. T 25 X. R 4 E. Sample taken 72 feet W of three- 
 way road corner and schoolhouse, 20 feet S of fence row at side of curve of an 
 abandoned road. Loess to 180 inches; 180 to 200 inches, pale brown sandy ma- 
 terial, apparently an old surface soil; beneath this about 20 inches of pale brown 
 clay with a pinkish cast, apparently an old subsoil. Both horizons of the fossil 
 soil neutral to slightly alkaline. Sampled by R. J. Muckenhirn, H. L. Wascher, 
 and E. P. Whiteside, September 28, 1944. 
 
 177 0-6 Weak brown silt loam. Weakly developed fine to medium granu- 
 lar structure, aggregates moderately vesicular, crushing easily to 
 dark yellowish-brown. Some yellowish-brown material from 
 horizon below. Numerous worm casts 
 
32 
 
 Bulletin No. 587 
 
 Way, 
 
 Sample 
 No. Inches 
 
 178 6-9 Moderate yellowish-brown to dark yellowish-brown silt loam. 
 
 Fine platy and medium granular structure with some gray ma- 
 terial between aggregates; aggregates flattened, moderately vesic- 
 ular, crushing easily to light yellowish-brown. Wormholes, worm 
 casts, and roots fairly abundant. 
 
 179 9-13 Moderate yellowish-brown silt loam. Coarse granular to medium 
 
 nut structure, faintly platy; aggregates moderately vesicular, 
 lightly gray-coated, crushing easily to light yellowish-brown. 
 Wormholes and casts few; fibrous roots abundant. 
 
 180 13-16 Moderate yellowish-brown silt loam. Medium nut structure; ag- 
 
 gregates moderately vesicular, crushing easily to light yellowish- 
 brown. Wormholes and worm casts few; roots abundant. 
 
 181 16-19 Moderate yellowish-brown to moderate brown light silty clay 
 
 loam. Medium nut structure; aggregates slightly vesicular, lightly 
 coated with gray and some moderate brown with dusky brown 
 specks, and crushing with moderate resistance to light yellowish- 
 brown. Roots up to J /4 inch fairly common. 
 
 182 19-22 Moderate yellowish-brown to moderate brown silty clay loam. 
 
 Medium blocky structure; aggregates angular, slightly vesicular, 
 lightly coated with gray, crushing with moderate resistance to 
 moderate yellowish-brown. A few filled root channels and worm 
 casts. Roots few. 
 
 183 22-25 Moderate brown to moderate yellowish-brown heavy silty clay 
 
 loam. Medium blocky structure; aggregates subangular, slightly 
 vesicular, moderately coated with gray, occasionally specked with 
 brownish-black, and crushing with moderate resistance to mod- 
 erate yellowish-brown. Roots few. 
 
 184 25-28 Moderate brown silty clay loam. Medium blocky structure; 
 
 aggregates angular, slightly vesicular, heavily coated with gray, 
 and crushing with moderate resistance to moderate yellowish- 
 brown. Worm casts and roots few. 
 
 185 28-31 Moderate brown silty clay loam. Medium blocky structure; 
 
 aggregates slightly vesicular, coated with gray and some dark 
 brown and brownish black specks, and crushing with moderate 
 resistance to moderate yellowish-brown. A few fibrous roots. 
 
 186 31-33 Moderate brown light silty clay loam. Medium blocky structure; 
 
 aggregates subangular, slightly vesicular, coated with gray, and 
 crushing with slight resistance to moderate yellowish-brown. A 
 few fibrous roots. 
 
 187 33-36 Moderate brown silty clay loam. Medium blocky structure; ag- 
 
 gregates coated with gray and some moderate dark brown, slightly 
 vesicular, crushing with moderate resistance to moderate yellow- 
 ish-brown. A few roots. 
 
 188 36-39 Moderate yellowish-brown silty clay loam. Coarse block}' struc- 
 
 ture; aggregates slightly vesicular, strongly coated with gray 
 (many with moderate to dark brown), crushing easily without 
 color change. Roots few. 
 
 189 39-42 Similar to 36-39 inch layer except that gray coating is more 
 
 prominent. 
 
 190 42-46 Moderate yellowish-brown light silty clay loam. Similar to 39-42 
 
 inch layer except that gray coating is less prominent. Roots few. 
 
 191 46-50 Moderate yellowish-brown heavy silt loam. Weakly developed 
 
 coarse blocky structure; aggregates moderately vesicular, some 
 with gray and moderate brown coating, all crushing easily without 
 color change. 
 
195 
 
 68-78 
 
 196 
 
 78-88 
 
 197 
 
 88-96 
 
 198 
 
 96-108 
 
 1955] Detailed Field Descriptions of Soils 33 
 
 Sample 
 No. Inches 
 
 192 50-56 Similar to 46-50 inch layer except that color is variegated due to 
 
 spots of light gray, weak brown and brownish-black and to small 
 orange or yellow specks and brownish coating. 
 
 193 56-62 Light to moderate yellowish-brown heavy silt loam. Weakly de- 
 
 veloped coarse blocky structure; aggregates slightly vesicular, 
 with moderate brown spots and specks and some moderate brown 
 coating, and crushing with slight resistance to moderate yellowish- 
 brown. 
 
 194 62-68 Light to moderate yellowish-brown silt loam. Weakly developed 
 
 blocky structure; aggregates moderately vesicular, spotted with 
 dark brown and moderate brown but with much less moderate 
 brown coating than 56-62 inch layer. Some plant roots. 
 
 Same as 62-68 inch layer. 
 
 Light yellowish-brown silt loam. Coarse blocky structure; aggre- 
 gates slightly vesicular, occasionally spotted with brownish-black. 
 Some irregularly distributed gray silty material. 
 
 Light yellowish-brown soft silt loam, calcareous in lower part. 
 
 Light yellowish-brown calcareous loess with occasional orange 
 mottles. 
 
 Profile No. 15, Project Z-l-2-8 
 
 Warren county, Illinois Slope 5 percent SW 
 
 XWy 4 of NWy 4 Section 21, T 11 X, R 1 W. Sample taken in woodlot S of 
 Coldbrook, 35 rods S of fence forming the N boundary of the woodlot and about 
 11 rods E of center of graveled road. Thin stand of white oak with some under- 
 growth of elm and hickory and a thin stand of bluegrass. Deep boring showed 
 calcareous loess from 84 to 98 inches; from 98 to 120 inches pale brown noncal- 
 careous silt loam with some sand; apparently a fossil soil. Sampled by R. J. 
 Muckenhirn. H. L. W T ascher, and E. P. Whiteside, September 30, 1944. 
 
 199 0-2 Weak brown silt loam. Fine granular structure, somewhat platy 
 
 in lower part; aggregates crush easily without color change. Few 
 worm casts. 
 
 200 2-6 Light yellowish-brown silt loam. Fine platy structure; aggregates 
 
 flattened, medium granules, thinly gray-coated, crushing easily 
 without color change. Fibrous roots abundant, worm casts few. 
 
 201 6-9 Moderate yellowish-brown silt loam. Medium platy and coarse 
 
 granular structure with slight nutlike tendency; aggregates moder- 
 ately vesicular, lightly coated with gray, and crushing easily with- 
 out color change. Roots, usually % inch in diameter, fairly 
 abundant. 
 
 202 9-12 Moderate yellowish-brown silt loam. Medium nut structure; ag- 
 
 gregates slightly vesicular, lightly coated with gray, crushing 
 easily to lighter shade of moderate yellowish-brown. Roots com- 
 mon, usually V 8 to % inch in diameter. 
 
 203 12-15 Moderate yellowish-brown silty clay loam. Medium blocky struc- 
 
 ture; aggregates slightly vesicular, thinly gray-coated, crush- 
 ing easily to brighter moderate yellowish-brown. Roots fairly 
 abundant. 
 
 204 15-17 Moderate brown to dark yellowish-brown silty clay loam. Fine 
 
 blocky structure; aggregates slightly vesicular, moderately heavily 
 coated with gray, and crushing easily to moderate yellowish- 
 brown. Roots abundant. 
 
34 Bulletin Xo. 587 [May, 
 
 Sample 
 No. Inches 
 
 205 17-20 Moderate brown heavy silty clay loam to silty clay. Medium 
 
 blocky structure; aggregates slightly vesicular, lightly coated with 
 gray, and crushing with moderate resistance to moderate yellow- 
 ish-brown. Roots abundant, usually about Vs inch in diameter. 
 
 206 20-23 Dark yellowish-brown light silty clay. Medium blocky structure; 
 
 aggregates vesicular, lightly gray-coated, crushing with moderate 
 resistance to a dark to moderate yellowish-brown. Some fibrous 
 roots. 
 
 207 23-26 Dark yellowish-brown silty clay. Coarse blocky structure; aggre- 
 
 gates slightly vesicular, very lightly gray-coated, crushing with 
 moderate resistance to moderate yellowish-brown. Some fibrous 
 roots. 
 
 208 26-29 Dark yellowish-brown silty clay. Coarse blocky structure; aggre- 
 
 gates slightly vesicular, lightly gray-coated, specked with dark 
 brown and occasionally mottled with dark orange; crushing with 
 moderate resistance to moderate yellowish-brown. 
 
 209 29-31 Moderate brown to dark yellowish-brown silty clay loam. Medium 
 
 blocky structure; aggregates lightly gray-coated, specked with 
 dark brown, and crushing to moderate yellowish-brown. Roots 
 abundant, generally fibrous. 
 
 210 31-33 Dark yellowish-brown silty clay loam. Medium blocky structure; 
 
 aggregates slightly vesicular, thinly gray-coated, occasionally 
 specked with dark brown, and crushing with slight resistance 
 to moderate yellowish-brown. Fibrous roots fairly abundant, a 
 few Vs to % inches in diameter. 
 
 211 33-35 Similar to 31-33 inch layer except that structure is coarse blocky 
 
 and interiors of aggregates are faintly mottled with light gray and 
 strong yellowish-brown. Roots few. 
 
 212 35-39 Dark yellowish-brown silty clay loam. Coarse blocky structure; 
 
 aggregates slightly vesicular; with faint interior mottlings, and 
 with rather uniform moderate brown coating and some gray coat- 
 ing. Roots few and generally in crevices. 
 
 213 39-42 Similar to 35-39 inch layer except that gray coating is thicker 
 
 and gray silty material is occasionally concentrated in deposits 
 up to Vs inch in thickness. 
 
 214 42-46 Moderate to dark yellowish-brown light silty clay loam. Coarse 
 
 blocky structure; aggregates moderately vesicular, coated with 
 gray and spotted with dark yellowish-brown on both exterior and 
 interior of aggregates. Roots fairly abundant. 
 
 215 46-49 Moderate yellowish-brown heavy silt loam. Coarse to very coarse 
 
 blocky structure; agggregates moderately vesicular, splotched with 
 moderate brown coatings, specked in the interiors with dark 
 brown, and crushing with slight resistance without color change. 
 
 216 49-52 Light yellowish-brown heavy silt loam. Similar to 46-49 inch 
 
 layer except for more brown specks and gray mottling in interior 
 of aggregates. 
 
 217 52-58 Light yellowish-brown heavy silt loam. Coarse, weakly developed 
 
 blocky structure; aggregates moderately vesicular, exteriors with 
 occasional spots of moderate brown, interiors abundantly specked 
 with orange and light gray. Roots few. 
 
 218 58-64 Moderate yellowish-brown light silty clay loam. Coarse blocky 
 
 structure; aggregates moderately vesicular, mottled with light 
 yellowish-brown and light gray, and spotted with moderate to 
 dark brown coatings. 
 
1955] Detailed Field Descriptions of Soils 35 
 
 Sample 
 No. Inches 
 
 219 64-70 Similar to 58-64 inch layer except with slightly lighter texture 
 
 and with fewer and thinner brown coatings. 
 
 220 70-77 Light yellowish-brown heavy silt loam. Weakly developed coarse 
 
 blocky structure; aggregates slightly vesicular, specked with 
 brown and light gray. 
 
 221 77-84 Light yellowish-brown silt loam. Weakly developed coarse blocky 
 
 structure. Slightly calcareous at 84 inches. 
 
 222 84-94 Light yellowish-brown silt loam. Faintly mottled with light gray 
 
 and medium yellowish-brown, specked with dark brown. Cal- 
 careous. 
 
 Profile No. 16, Project Z-l-2-8 
 
 Jackson county, Iowa Slope 6 percent 
 
 XEU of NE% of NE% of Section 11, T 85 N, R 3 E. Pit dug 8 rods E of 
 center of gravel road and 7 rods S of edge of woodlot and about 1 rod SE of 
 abandoned road in woods in ungrazed woodlot. Vegetation chiefly oak, with 
 some hickory, poplar, elm. red cedar, wild cherry, and shrubs, and a little grass. 
 Loess 183 inches deep, calcareous at 110 inches. Sampled by R. J. Muckenhirn, 
 L. T. Alexander, and A. M. O'Neal, October 3, 1944. 
 
 223 0-3 Brownish-black (when moist) silt loam. Fine granular structure. 
 
 Organic matter and worm casts abundant. Roots very abundant. 
 
 224 3-6 Light brownish-gray silt loam. Very fine platy and fine granular 
 
 structure; aggregates flattened, crushing easily to light yellowish- 
 brown. Worm burrows and casts fairly abundant; roots abundant. 
 
 225 6-9 Light yellowish-brown silt loam. Fine platy and granular struc- 
 
 ture ; aggregates moderately vesicular, flattened, thinly coated 
 with gray, and crushing easily to light yellowish-brown. Worm 
 burrows and casts and roots fairly abundant. 
 
 226 9-12 Texture and color same as in 6-9 inch layer. Coarse granular 
 
 structure; aggregates moderately to highly vesicular, lightly 
 sprinkled with gray, and crushing easily to moderate yellowish- 
 brown. Roots, generally fibrous, worm burrows, and casts fairly 
 abundant. 
 
 227 12-16 Moderate yellowish-brown silt loam. Medium nut structure, 
 
 faintly platy; aggregates moderately vesicular, irregularly shaped. 
 non-compact, lightly sprinkled with gray, and crushing easily 
 without color change. Worm burrows, casts, and roots fairly 
 abundant. 
 
 228 16-19 Moderate yellowish-brown silt loam. Weakly developed medium 
 
 nut structure; aggregates slightly vesicular, hghtly sprinkled with 
 gray, and crushing easily without color change. Worm burrows 
 and casts few, roots fairly abundant. 
 
 229 19-22 Moderate yellowish-brown heavy silt loam. Medium blocky struc- 
 
 ture; aggregates slightly vesicular, very lightly sprinkled with 
 gray, specked with dark brown, and crushing easily to bright 
 moderate yellowish-brown. Worm burrows few, roots fairly 
 abundant. 
 
 230 22-26 Moderate yellowish-brown silty clay loam. Medium blocky struc- 
 
 ture; aggregates slightly vesicular, lightly sprinkled with gray, 
 specked with dark brown, and crushing very easily without color 
 change. Worm burrows few, roots fairly abundant. 
 
36 Bulletin No. 587 [May, 
 
 Sample 
 No. Inches 
 
 231 26-29 Dark yellowish-brown to moderate brown silty clay loam. Com- 
 
 pact, medium blocky structure; aggregates slightly vesicular, 
 lightly coated with gray, and crushing with moderate resistance 
 to moderate yellowish-brown. A few fibrous roots in crevices. 
 
 232 29-33 Moderate brown silty clay loam. Compact, medium to coarse 
 
 blocky structure; aggregates slightly vesicular, well-coated with 
 gray, and crushing with moderate resistance to moderate yellow- 
 ish-brown. Roots few. 
 
 233 33-35 Moderate to dark yellowish-brown silty clay loam. Medium 
 
 blocky structure; aggregates slightly vesicular, well-coated with 
 gray, and crushing with light to moderate resistance to moderate 
 yellowish-brown. Roots fairly abundant. 
 
 234 35-38 Dark yellowish-brown light silty clay loam. Coarse blocky struc- 
 
 ture; aggregates very slightly vesicular, well-coated with gray, 
 and crushing with moderate resistance to moderate yellowish- 
 brown. Roots fairly abundant. 
 
 235 38-42 Dark yellowish-brown silty clay loam. Compact, coarse to very 
 
 coarse blocky structure; aggregates moderately coated with gray, 
 specked with dark brown, and crushing with moderate to strong 
 resistance to moderate yellowish-brown. Roots fairly abundant. 
 
 236 42-46 Dark yellowish-brown heavy silty clay loam. Coarse blocky 
 
 structure; aggregates slightly vesicular, sprinkled with gray, and 
 crushing with moderate resistance to moderate yellowish-brown. 
 Roots fairly abundant, following crevices. 
 
 237 46-50 Moderate yellowish-brown silty clay loam. Verj- coarse blocky 
 
 structure; aggregates slightly vesicular, lightly sprinkled with 
 gray, thinly coated with brown, and crushing easily without color 
 change. Roots few. 
 
 238 50-54 Same as 46-50 inch layer except a little lighter in texture and 
 
 with aggregates more uniformly brown-coated. 
 
 239 54-58 Same as 46-50 inch layer except that this is a heavy silt loam 
 
 and a little more vesicular. A few roots in the crevices. 
 
 240 58-62 Same as 54-58 inch layer. 
 
 241 62-68 Light to moderate yellowish-brown heav}^ silt loam. Otherwise 
 
 same as 58-62 inch layer. 
 
 242 68-74 Light to moderate yellowish-brown silt loam. Very coarse, weakly 
 
 developed blocky structure. Roots few. 
 
 243 74-80 Same as 68-74 inch layer except that this is light yellowish-brown 
 
 and has no roots. 
 
 244 120-130 Calcareous light gray silt loam mottled with light yellowish- 
 
 brown. 
 
 Profile No. 17, Project Z-l-2-8 
 
 Washington county, Iowa Slope 5.5 percent 
 
 SW corner of SEVt of SW 1 ^ Section 11, T 74 N, R 8 W. Sample taken on E 
 side of fence on divide between two large drainageways about 240 feet N of E-W 
 blacktop road on E side of fence row in bluegrass sod at edge of clover field. 
 Apparently loess to 70 inches, from 70 to 100 inches silty material with sand. 
 and from 110 to 120 inches compact clayey material with small pebbles. Sampled 
 by R. J. Muckenhirn, F. F. Riecken, L. T. Alexander. A. M. O'Neal. October 5. 
 1944. 
 
1955] 
 
 Detailed Field Descriptions of Soils 
 
 37 
 
 Sample 
 No. Inches 
 
 245 0-10 Weak brown silt loam. Fine granular structure, faintly platy in 
 
 lower part; aggregates crushing easily without color change. 
 Worm casts and fibrous roots abundant. 
 
 246 10-13 Moderate yellowish-brown silt loam. Very fine granular struc- 
 
 ture; aggregates crushing easily to dark to moderate yellowish- 
 brown. Worm casts abundant, particularly in upper half of layer. 
 many consisting of weak brown material from above. Roots 
 abundant. 
 
 247 13-16 Moderate yellowish-brown heavy silt loam. Medium granular to 
 
 fine nut structure; aggregates slightly vesicular, lightly sprinkled 
 with gray, crushing easily without color change, penetrated by 
 fibrous roots. Worm casts and roots abundant. 
 
 248 16-19 Moderate to dark yellowish-brown silty clay. Fine block}- struc- 
 
 ture; aggregates slightly vesicular, very angular and firm, 
 sprinkled with gray and occasional dark brown specks, and crush- 
 ing with strong resistance to moderate yellowish-brown. Few 
 worm burrows, roots fairly abundant. 
 
 249 19-22 Same as 16-19 inch layer except that aggregates are somewhat 
 
 larger. 
 
 250 22-25 Moderate yellowish-brown silty clay. Medium block}' structure; 
 
 aggregates slightly vesicular, angular, thinly coated with gray, 
 occasionally spotted with black, and crushing with strong resist- 
 ance without color change to plastic silty clay. Worm burrows 
 fairly abundant, roots abundant. 
 
 251 25-28 Dark yellowish-brown silty clay. Medium to coarse block}- struc- 
 
 ture; aggregates slightly vesicular, well-coated with gray, specked 
 with dark brown and black, and crushing with moderate difficulty 
 to moderate yellowish-brown. Few worm casts and roots. 
 
 252 28-30 Same as 25-28 inch layer except that blocks are coarser. 
 
 253 30-33 Dark yellowish-brown heavy silty clay loam or silty clay. Coarse 
 
 blocky structure, coarser than in 28-30 inch layer; aggregates 
 slightly vesicular, some coated with gray, all crushing with moder- 
 ate resistance to moderate yellowish-brown. A few worm casts 
 and a few roots in crevices. 
 
 254 33-36 Moderate to dark yellowish-brown heavy silty clay loam. Coarse 
 
 blocky structure; aggregates slightly vesicular, specked with 
 brown and black, and crushing with moderate resistance to mod- 
 erate yellowish-brown. A few roots in crevices. 
 
 255 36-39 Dark to moderate yellowish-brown silty clay loam. Otherwise 
 
 same as 33-36 inch layer. 
 
 256 39-42 Dark yellowish-brown silty clay loam. Coarse blocky structure; 
 
 aggregates coarser than in 33-36 inch layer and some gray-coated, 
 otherwise the same. 
 
 257 42-45 Moderate yellowish-brown silty clay loam. Coarse blocky struc- 
 
 ture; aggregates slightly vesicular, irregularly sprinkled with gray, 
 specked and spotted with black, and crushing with slight resistance 
 to light yellowish-brown. Very few roots. 
 
 258 45-48 Moderate yellowish-brown light silty clay loam. Aggregates 
 
 similar to those in 42-45 inch layer but larger and a few coated 
 with dark vellowish-brown. 
 
38 Bulletin Xo. 587 [May, 
 
 Sample 
 No. Inches 
 
 259 48-52 Moderate yellowish-brown heavy silt loam. Weakly developed 
 
 very coarse blocky structure; aggregates moderately vesicular, ir- 
 regularly coated with dark yellowish-brown, spotted and streaked 
 with light brownish-gray along root channels and occasionally on 
 structure faces; and crushing with slight resistance to light yellow- 
 ish-brown. Very few roots. 
 
 260 52-56 Same as 48-52 inch layer except that light brownish-gray streaks 
 
 and spots are more abundant. 
 
 261 56-60 Same as 48-52 inch layer except with some dark yellowish-brown 
 
 coatings. 
 
 262 60-65 Light to moderate yellowish-brown heav}' silt loam; otherwise 
 
 same as 56-60 inch layer. 
 
 263 65-70 Mixed light yellowish-brown and light brownish-gray silt loam. 
 
 Weakly developed coarse block} r structure; aggregates specked 
 with orange and brown. 
 
 Profile No. 18, Project Z-l-2-8 
 
 Washington county, Iowa Slope 7 percent 
 
 SWVi of NWM of SWVi Section 9, T 77 N, R 7 W. Sample taken in bluegrass 
 pasture about 15 feet from fence on E side of gravel road, 7 rods N of N gate- 
 post of Kaloma golf course. This profile appeared similar to a profile in Warren 
 county, Illinois, identified when sampled as Clinton silt loam with a lower subsoil 
 containing less clay than the upper subsoil. Sampled by R. J. Muckenhirn, F. F. 
 Riecken, L. T. Alexander, and A. M. O'Neal, October 5, 1944. 
 
 264 0-5 Light brownish-gray silt loam. Fine granular structure. Fibrous 
 
 roots abundant. 
 
 265 5-9 Mixed light brownish-gray and moderate yellowish-brown silt 
 
 loam. Weakly developed fine platy structure. Roots abundant. 
 
 266 9-12 Moderate yellowish-brown silt loam. Medium granular structure. 
 
 Fibrous roots fairly abundant. 
 
 267 12-15 Moderate yellowish-brown silt loam. Medium nut structure; 
 
 aggregates lightly sprinkled with gray, crushing easily. 
 
 268 15-18 Moderate yellowish-brown heavy silt loam. Medium nut struc- 
 
 ture. 
 
 269 18-21 Moderate yellowish-brown light silty clay loam. Medium blocky 
 
 structure; aggregates angular, lightly coated with gray. 
 
 270 21-24 Moderate brown to dark yellowish-brown silty clay loam. Me- 
 
 dium blocky structure. 
 
 271 24-27 Same as 21-24 inch layer except that blocks are slightly larger. 
 
 272 27-30 Moderate yellowish-brown heavy silty clay loam. Medium 
 
 blocky structure. 
 
 273 30-33 Moderate yellowish-brown silty clay loam. Medium blocky 
 
 structure. 
 
 274 33-35 Dark to moderate yellowish-brown silty clay loam. Coarse blocky 
 
 structure; aggregates slightly to moderately resistant to crushing. 
 
 275 35-37 Dark yellowish-brown silty clay loam. Coarse blocky structure; 
 
 aggregates slightly resistant to crushing. 
 
 276 37-40 Dark to moderate yellowish-brown silty clay loam. Coarse blocky 
 
 structure. 
 
1955] Detailed Field Descriptions of Soil- 39 
 
 Sample 
 No. Inches 
 
 277 40-43 Moderate yellowish-brown silty clay loam. Coarse blocky struc- 
 
 ture. Specked with brown and black and with a little gray 
 mottling. 
 
 278 43-46 Moderate yellowish-brown silty clay loam. Very coarse blocky 
 
 structure. 
 
 280 46-49 Light to moderate yellowish-brown light silty clay loam. Slightly 
 
 mottled with brown and gray. 
 
 281 49-53 Moderate yellowish-brown heavy silt loam. Coarse blocky struc- 
 
 ture, mottled with gray and strong brown. 
 
 282 53-57 Same as 49-53 inch layer except that coarse blocky aggregates are 
 
 weakly developed. 
 
 283 57-63 Moderate yellowish-brown silt loam. Coarse blocky structure. 
 
 mottled with strong brown and gray. 
 
 254 63-70 Same as 57-63 inch layer. 
 
 Profile No. 19, Project Z-l-2-8 
 
 Linn county, Iowa Slope 5 percent 
 
 NE 1 1 of SE 1 ^ of NE 1 /! Section 13, T 83 N, R 7 W, 260 paces S and 5 paces W 
 of XE corner of Section 13. Sample from ungrazed woods, oak-hickory associa- 
 tion with basswood and ironwood as minor species. Deep boring to 232 inches 
 revealed loess throughout, with calcareous loess occurring below 180 inches. From 
 80 to 200 inches moderate yellowish-brown, at 200 inches light gray. This profile 
 appeared similar to Profile Xo. 16 in Jackson county, Iowa, and to No. 14 in 
 Carroll county, Illinois. Sampled by R. J. Muckenhirn, F. F. Riecken. L. T. 
 Alexander. A. M. O'Xeal, October 6, 1944. 
 
 285 0-3 Brownish-black silt loam. Very fine granular structure. X"umerous 
 
 roots up to x i inch in diameter. 
 
 286 3-6 Light yellowish-brown to pale brown silt loam. Fine platy and 
 
 medium granular structure; crushes easily to very weak brown. 
 Worm casts, burrows, and roots abundant. 
 
 287 6-9 Pale brown silt loam. Medium granular and fine platy structure. 
 
 Aggregates flattened, crushing easily to light yellowish-brown. 
 Worm burrows and casts abundant. 
 
 255 9-12 Light to moderate yellowish-brown silt loam. W T eakly developed 
 
 medium platy and medium to coarse granular structure; aggre- 
 gates moderately vesicular, very lightly sprinkled with gray. 
 crushing easily to light yellowish-brown. Worm and insect bur- 
 rows, worm casts, roots, and root channels up to % inch in 
 diameter fairly abundant. 
 
 2S9 12-15 Moderate yellowish-brown silt loam. Medium nut structure, 
 faintly medium platy particularly in upper part; aggregates mod- 
 erately vesicular, lightly sprinkled with gray, and crushing easily 
 to light yellowish-brown. Few worm burrows; roots fairly abun- 
 dant. This layer grades into the one above and the one below. 
 
 290 15-19 Moderate brown to moderate yellowish-brown silty clay loam. 
 
 Medium blocky structure; .fggregates slightly vesicular, lightly 
 coated with gray, and crushing easily to moderate yellowish- 
 brown. Roots few, generally % to % inch in diameter. 
 
 291 19-23 Moderate yellowish-brown silty clay loam. Medium blocky struc- 
 
 ture; aggregates slightly vesicular, angular, coated with gray, 
 crushing easily to moderate yellowish-brown. Roots few. 
 
40 
 
 Bulletin No. 587 
 
 \.May, 
 
 Sample 
 No. Inches 
 
 292 23-26 
 
 293 26-29 
 
 294 29-33 
 
 295 33-36 
 
 296 36-39 
 
 2tt 
 
 39-41 
 
 298 41^4 
 
 299 44^7 
 
 300 47-50 
 
 301 50-53 
 
 302 53-56 
 
 303 56-60 
 
 304 60-65 
 
 305 65-75 
 
 306 180-234 
 
 Moderate brown silty clay loam. Medium to coarse blocky 
 structure; otherwise same as 19-23 inch layer. 
 
 Moderate brown heavy silty clay loam. Coarse blocky structure; 
 aggregates slightly vesicular, well-coated with gray, and crushing 
 with moderate resistance to moderate yellowish-brown. Roots 
 very few, present only in crevices. 
 
 Moderate brown silty clay loam; otherwise similar to 26-29 inch 
 layer but with less gray coating. 
 
 Dark yellowish-brown silty clay loam. Coarse blocky structure; 
 aggregates slightly vesicular, irregularly gray-coated, crushing 
 easily to light yellowish-brown. Roots very few. 
 
 Moderate to dark yellowish-brown silt}* clay loam. Coarse blocky 
 structure; aggregates slightly vesicular, irregularly gray-coated, 
 crushing easily to moderate yellowish-brown. A few roots in 
 crevices. 
 
 Dark yellowish-brown light silty clay loam. Coarse blocky struc- 
 ture; aggregates moderately vesicular with some black specks 
 and gray mottling, irregularly coated with gray and dark yellow- 
 ish-brown, and crushing easily to light yellowish-brown. 
 
 Moderate to dark yellowish-brown light silty clay loam. Coarse 
 blocky structure; aggregates similar to those in 39-41 inch layer. 
 Gray coating and gray mottling more pronounced and some 
 orange mottling. 
 
 Moderate yellowish-brown silty clay loam. Coarse blocky struc- 
 ture; aggregates slightly vesicular, coated with dark yellowish- 
 brown and some gray, specked with brown and black, and 
 crushing easily to moderate yellowish-brown. 
 
 Same as 44-47 inch layer except for very coarse blocky structure 
 and larger aggregates. 
 
 Same as 47-50 inch layer. 
 
 Moderate yellowish-brown heavy silt loam. Very coarse blocky 
 structure; aggregates moderately vesicular, generally coated with 
 gray, crushing easily to moderate yellowish-brown. 
 
 Same as 53-56 inch layer. 
 
 Moderate yellowish-brown silt loam. Very coarse blocky struc- 
 ture; aggregates moderately vesicular, irregularly coated with 
 gray, and crushing easily to light yellowish-brown. 
 
 Light, moderate yellowish-brown silt loam. Weakly developed 
 very coarse blocky structure. 
 
 Light yellowish-brown and light brownish-gray silt loam. Calcare- 
 ous, somewhat mottled. 
 
 Profile No. 20, Project Z -1-2-8 
 
 Pike county, Missouri Slope 5.5 percent N 
 
 XEM Section 26. T 52 N, R 1 E. About 1 mile S of Paynesville, 585 feet N and 
 75 feet W of SE corner of above section in grazed woodlot. Sampled by R. J. 
 Muckenhirn, H. H. Krusekopf, L. T. Alexander, and A. M. O'Neal. October 9. 
 1944. 
 
 307 0-2 Weak brown silt loam. Fine granular structure, platy in lower 
 part, high in organic matter, with numerous fibrous roots. 
 
1955] 
 
 Detailed Field Descriptions of Soils 
 
 41 
 
 Sample 
 No. Inches 
 308 2-5 
 
 309 5-9 
 
 310 9-13 
 
 311 13-16 
 
 312 16-19 
 
 313 19-23 
 
 314 23-27 
 
 315 27-31 
 
 316 31-33 
 
 317 33-36 
 
 318 
 
 36-40 
 
 319 
 
 40^4 
 
 320 
 
 44-48 
 
 321 
 
 48-52 
 
 322 
 
 52-55 
 
 323 
 
 55-60 
 
 324 
 
 60-67 
 
 325 
 
 67-71 
 
 326 
 
 71-77 
 
 Dark yellowish-brown (when moist) silt loam. Medium platy 
 and medium granular structure, with weak brown worm casts and 
 burrows. Roots abundant. 
 
 Dark yellowish-brown (when moist) silt loam. Medium to coarse 
 granular structure; aggregates slightly vesicular, somewhat flat- 
 tened, crushing easily without color change. Fibrous roots fairly 
 abundant. 
 
 Dark yellowish-brown silt loam. Medium nut structure; aggre- 
 gates moderately vesicular, crushing easily to dark yellowish- 
 brown. Roots abundant. 
 
 Same as 9-13 inch layer. Pale brown worm casts abundant. Roots 
 abundant. 
 
 Moderate yellowish-brown silty clay loam. Medium nut struc- 
 ture; aggregates very slightly vesicular, lightly sprinkled with 
 gray, and crushing with slight resistance to moderate yellowish- 
 brown. Few roots or worm casts. 
 
 Same as 16-19 inch layer except that structure is medium blocky. 
 
 Moderate brown heavy silty clay loam. Coarse blocky structure; 
 aggregates slightly vesicular, angular, strongly coated with gray, 
 and crushing with moderate resistance to moderate yellowish- 
 brown. 
 
 Moderate brown silty clay loam. Medium blocky structure; 
 aggregates slightly vesicular, well-coated with gray, and crushing 
 with moderate resistance to moderate yellowish-brown. 
 
 Same as 27-31 inch layer except that gray coating is more abun- 
 dant and aggregates are less resistant to crushing. 
 
 Moderate brown to dark yellowish-brown silt}' clay loam. Coarse 
 blocky structure; aggregates slightly vesicular, moderately gray- 
 coated, crushing with moderate resistance to moderate yellowish- 
 brown. 
 
 Same as 33-36 inch layer. 
 
 Moderate yellowish-brown to moderate brown silty clay loam. 
 Coarse blocky structure; aggregates gray-coated. 
 
 Moderate to dark yellowish-brown silty clay loam. Coarse blocky 
 structure; aggregates gray-coated. 
 
 Moderate to dark yellowish-brown silty clay loam. Aggregates 
 specked with brown and gray-coated. 
 
 Moderate to dark yellowish-brown light silty clay loam. Very 
 coarse blocky structure; aggregates same as in 48-52 inch layer. 
 
 Moderate yellowish-brown heavy silt loam. Very coarse blocky 
 structure; aggregates moderately vesicular, strongly gray-coated. 
 
 Moderate yellowish-brown heavy silt loam. Weakly developed 
 coarse blocky structure; aggregates moderately coated with gray. 
 
 Same as 60-67 inch layer. 
 
 Strong brown silty clay loam. Aggregates moderately coated with 
 gray. Apparently the subsoil of a buried soil. 
 
42 
 
 Bulletin Xo. 581 
 
 May, 
 
 Profile No. 21, Project Z-l-2-8 
 
 Macoupin county, Illinois Slope 6 percent 
 
 SWi/4 of NWy 4 Section 30, T 8 X, R 9 W. Sample taken in ungrazed woods 480 
 feet W of Illinois Highway 111 and 125 feet X of a side road forming the S 
 boundary of the woods, 1 mile SW of Piasa. Vegetation: white oak, post oak. 
 burr oak, and elm with an undergrowth of grapevines, elm and oak seedlings, 
 gooseberry, and herbaceous plants. This profile lacks the platy grayish A 2 , the 
 gray coating of the A 2 , the fine and the angular blocky structure in the upper B 
 which characterize the profiles taken farther north. It appears to belong to a 
 southern group of soils. Sampled by R. J. Muckenhirn, H. L. Wascher, E. P. 
 Whiteside, L. T. Alexander, A. M. O'Neal, and G. Mickelson, October 11, 1944. 
 Sample 
 
 No. 
 
 327 
 
 328 
 329 
 
 334 
 335 
 
 Inches 
 0-3 
 
 3-6 
 
 6-11 
 
 330 11-15 
 
 331 15-19 
 
 332 19-23 
 
 333 23-21 
 
 27-31 
 31-34 
 
 336 34-36 
 
 337 36-39 
 
 Weak brown silt loam. Very fine granular structure. Roots up to 
 % inch in diameter, but chiefly fibrous. 
 
 Light brownish-gray or brownish-gray silt loam. Fine granular 
 structure. Roots abundant, up to 1 inch in diameter. Worm casts 
 abundant. 
 
 Light yellowish-brown silt loam. Coarse granular structure; 
 aggregates moderately to highly vesicular, lightly gray-coated, 
 crushing easily to moderate yellowish-brown. Root channels and 
 insect burrows filled with weak brown or brownish-gray material. 
 Worm casts very abundant, making up half the volume of the 
 layer in some places. Roots abundant. 
 
 Moderate yellowish-brown silt loam. Medium nut structure ; 
 aggregates moderately vesicular, with very light gray coating, 
 and crushing with slight resistance to light yellowish-brown. 
 Wormholes abundant, roots fairly abundant. Tongues of brown- 
 ish-gray material extend into this layer from above. 
 
 Moderate yellowish-brown light silty clay loam. Medium nut 
 structure; aggregates moderately vesicular, free of gray coating, 
 crushing easily to light yellowish-brown. Roots and worm and 
 insect burrows abundant. 
 
 Moderate brown to moderate yellowish-brown silty clay loam. 
 Medium blocky structure; aggregates ^lightly vesicular, angular, 
 crushing with moderate resistance to moderate yellowish-brown. 
 Wormholes fairly abundant, roots few. 
 
 Moderate brown silty clay loam. Medium coarse blocky struc- 
 ture; aggregates very slightly vesicular, crushing with strong 
 resistance to moderate yellowish-brown. Wormholes and roots 
 few. 
 
 Similar to 23-27 inch layer except that blocks are a little smaller. 
 
 Moderate to dark yellowish-brown silty clay loam. Medium 
 blocky structure; aggregates slightly vesicular, irregularly 
 sprinkled with gray, and crushing with moderate resistance to 
 light to moderate yellowish-brown. Roots few. 
 
 Moderate yellowish-brown light silty clay loam. Medium blocky 
 structure; aggregates very slightly vesicular, well coated with 
 gray, specked with dark brown, and crushing with slight resistance 
 without color change. Roots fairly abundant. 
 
 Similar to 34-36 inch layer except that aggregates are more 
 heavily coated with gray; their interiors are mixed gray, very 
 pale brown, and light yellowish-brown: they are a little more 
 resistant to crushing: and crush to lighl yellowish-brown. 
 
1055] 
 
 Detailed Field Descriptions of Soils 
 
 4i] 
 
 Sample 
 No. Inches 
 
 338 39-43 Moderate yellowish-brown silty clay loam. Coarse blocky struc- 
 
 ture; otherwise similar to 36-39 inch layer except for an occa- 
 sional orange or dark brown spot in the interior of the aggregates. 
 Gray coating ends abruptly at bottom of this layer. 
 
 339 43-49 Similar to 36-39 inch layer except that aggregates are irregularly 
 
 coated with moderate brown and have gray and light orange 
 mottlings in their interiors. 
 
 340 49-52 Dark yellowish-brown silty clay loam. Very coarse blocky struc- 
 
 ture; aggregates slightly vesicular, thinly coated with gray, 
 strongly mottled with very pale brown, strong brown, and light 
 orange. Roots few. 
 
 341 52-56 Mottled light to moderate yellowish-brown silt loam. Massive; 
 
 strongly specked and mottled with very pale brown, strong 
 brown, and dark brown; dense, although fragments crush with 
 moderate resistance to light yellowish-brown. 
 
 342 56-60 Moderate to dark yellowish-brown silt loam. Similar to 52-56 
 
 inch layer but with more abundant gray coating. 
 
 343 60-66 Light to moderate yellowish-brown silt loam. Massive, slightly 
 
 vesicular, specked with dark brown, crushing with slight to 
 moderate resistance to moderate yellowish-brown. 
 
 344 66-72 Light yellowish-brown silt loam. Massive, mottled with very 
 
 pale brown and strong brown. A little medium sand and con- 
 siderable very fine sand. 
 
 345 72-79 Similar to 66-72 inch laver but with somewhat more mottling. 
 
 Profile No. 22, Project Z-l-2-8 
 
 St. Charles county, Missouri Slope 5.5 percent 
 
 NW corner of XWVtof NE^4 Section 10. T 46 X. R 3 E. Sampled in pastured 
 woodland; vegetation white oak, hickory, small elms, coralberry, fair bluegrass, 
 and some weeds. Entire profile very dry. This profile differs from No. 21 in 
 having distinct platy structure in the upper 10 inches, heavy gray coatings in the 
 14-17 inch layer, and a stronger yellowish cast. It resembles No. 21 in having a 
 silt pan at about 48 inches. Both profiles appear to be related to the southern 
 soils rather than to the Clinton-Fayette group. Sampled by R. J. Muckenhirn, 
 H. H. Krusehopf, L. T. Alexander, and A. M. O'Neal, October 11, 1944. 
 346 0^ Light brownish-gray silt loam. Thin platy structure; aggregates 
 
 slightly vesicular, finely granular, flattened, crushing easily to 
 
 pale brown. Grass roots abundant. 
 
 Moderate yellowish-brown silt loam. Medium platy structure; 
 aggregates slightly vesicular, crushing easily to light yellowish- 
 brown. Tongues of material from the layer above extend into 
 this layer. Worm casts, burrows, and roots abundant. 
 
 Light yellowish-brown silt loam. Weakly developed medium 
 platy and medium to coarse granular structure; aggregates crush 
 easily to light yellowish-brown. Wormholes few, roots abundant. 
 
 349 10-14 Moderate to light yellowish-brown silt loam. Weakly developed 
 
 coarse granular structure; aggregates moderately vesicular, crush- 
 ing easily to light yellowish-brown. 
 
 350 14-17 Moderate yellowish-brown silt loam. Medium nut structure; 
 
 aggregates slightly vesicular, heavily coated with gray, crushing 
 easily to light yellowish-brown. This layer and the two immedi- 
 ately above have a distinct yellowish cast, but in this layer the 
 yellow is masked by the gray coating. Roots abundant. 
 
 347 
 
 348 
 
 4-6 
 
 6-10 
 
44 
 
 Bulletin Xo. 587 
 
 [May, 
 
 Sample 
 No. Inches 
 351 17-19 
 
 352 19-23 
 
 353 23-27 
 
 354 27-31 
 
 355 31-35 
 
 356 35-39 
 
 357 39-41 
 
 358 41^4 
 
 359 44^8 
 
 360 48-54 
 
 361 54-60 
 
 J62 60-66 
 
 363 66-72 
 
 Moderate yellowish-brown silty clay loam. Medium nut struc- 
 ture; aggregates slightly vesicular, heavily gray-coated, crushing 
 with slight resistance to light yellowish-brown. Roots fairly 
 abundant. 
 
 Moderate brown silty clay loam. Medium blocky structure; 
 aggregates very slightly vesicular, angular, irregularly sprinkled 
 with gray, and crushing with moderate resistance to moderate 
 yellowish-brown. Few roots. This layer is abruptly separated 
 from the one above by its brown color, light sprinkling of gray, 
 and well-developed blocky structure. 
 
 Moderate brown silty clay loam or silty clay. Medium to coarse 
 blocky structure; aggregates not vesicular, nearly lacking in gray 
 coating, crushing with strong resistance to moderate yellowish- 
 brown; weakly developed prismatic form. Fibrous roots fairly 
 common in crevices. 
 Same as 23-27 inch layer. 
 
 Moderate brown silty clay loam. Medium to coarse blocky 
 structure; aggregates slightly vesicular, specked with dark brown, 
 crushing with moderate resistance to moderate yellowish-brown. 
 Roots very few. 
 
 Moderate brown silty clay loam. Coarse blocky structure; ag- 
 gregates similar to 31-35 inch layer but brown and black spots 
 and very pale brown mottling abundant. 
 
 Moderate brown to dark yellowish-brown light silty clay loam. 
 Medium blocky structure; aggregates spotted with gray, usually 
 mottled with very pale brown, crushing with moderate resist- 
 ance to moderate yellowish -brown. Very few roots. 
 Same as 39-41 inch layer. 
 
 Dark yellowish-brown light silty clay loam. Coarse blocky 
 structure; aggregates mottled and spotted with dark brown and 
 very pale brown, crushing with slight resistance to moderate yel- 
 lowish-brown. 
 
 Dark yellowish-brown silt loam. Very coarse blocky structure; 
 aggregates splotched and mottled with very pale brown to dark 
 brown, crushing with slight resistance to light yellowish-brown. 
 Light yellowish-brown silt loam. Massive; fragments slightly 
 vesicular, splotched with very pale brown and specked with dark 
 brown, crushing with slight resistance to light yellowish-brown. 
 This layer and the one below are compact and hard, difficult to 
 break into fragments. 
 
 Moderate yellowish-brown silt loam with occasional chert frag- 
 ment. Mottled with strong brown, very pale brown and brown- 
 ish-black. Massive; fragments are hard. 
 
 Same as 60-66 inch layer. 
 
 Description of Profile Near Profile No. 23 
 
 St. Charles county, Missouri Slope 5 percent 
 
 XW'i of Section 6, T 46 N, R 5 E. Description of profile in cornfield near top 
 of ridge at intersection of road to Langenbacker home and Boone Lick road near 
 to sampling site of Profile No. 23. This soil resembles Profile No. 13 but appears 
 to have more clay in the B, 15-29 inches. The B resembles the B of Profile 
 No. 22 but lacks the gray coatings, and the A is yellowish-brown instead of 
 brownish-gray. Description by R. J. Muckenhirn, H. H. Krusekopf, L. T. Alex- 
 ander, A. M. O'Neal. Herman Wascher, E. P. Whiteside, and Grant Mickelson, 
 October 12, 1944. 
 
1955] Detailed Field Descriptions of Soils 45 
 
 Inches 
 
 0-6 Dark yellowish-brown silt loam. Coarse granular structure; aggregates 
 crush easily to dark yellowish-brown. Roots abundant, worm casts in 
 lower part. 
 
 7-9 Moderate to dark yellowish-brown silt loam. Medium platy structure; 
 aggregates slightly vesicular, very lightly sprinkled with gray, and crush- 
 ing easily to moderate yellowish-brown. Roots few, worm casts fairly 
 abundant. 
 
 9-12 Moderate brown silt loam. Coarse granular to medium nut structure; 
 aggregates moderately vesicular, lightly sprinkled with gray, and crushing 
 easily to moderate yellowish-brown. Roots few. 
 
 12-15 Moderate brown heavy silt loam. Medium to coarse blocky structure; 
 aggregates slightly vesicular, very lightly sprinkled with gray, and crush- 
 ing easily to moderate yellowish-brown. 
 
 15-19 Moderate brown silty clay loam. Medium to coarse blocky structure; 
 aggregates slightly vesicular, slightly and irregularl}' coated with gray, 
 and crushing easily to moderate yellowish-brown. Roots fairly common, 
 in crevices only. 
 
 19-24 Moderate brown silty clay loam. Coarse blocky structure, somewhat 
 prismatic; aggregates very slightly vesicular, irregularly coated with 
 gray, crushing with moderate resistance to moderate yellowish-brown. 
 Fibrous roots fairly common in crevices. 
 
 24-29 Moderate brown silty clay loam similar to 19-24 inch layer. 
 
 29-33 Moderate brown to dark yellowish-brown light silty clay loam. Coarse 
 blocky structure; aggregates slightly vesicular, gray-coated (particu- 
 larly in lower %), occasionally specked with dark brown, crushing 
 easily to light to moderate yellowish-brown. 
 
 33-36 Moderate brown to dark yellowish-brown light silty clay loam. Coarse 
 blocky structure; aggregates slightly vesicular, irregularly and lightly 
 coated with gray, and crushing easily to moderate yellowish-brown. 
 
 36-42 Moderate to dark yellowish-brown light silty clay loam. Coarse blocky 
 structure; aggregates slightly vesicular, generally coated with moderate 
 to dark brown, and crushing with moderate resistance to yellowish-brown. 
 
 48-54 Moderate yellowish-brown heavy silt loam. Weakly developed coarse 
 blocky structure. 
 
 54-60 Light to moderate yellowish-brown silt loam. Weakly developed coarse 
 blocky structure ; aggregates crush easily to moderate yellowish-brown. 
 
 Profile No. 24, Project Z-l-2-8 
 
 Cape Girardeau county, Missouri Slope 5.5 percent 
 
 XE corner of Survey 2284, immediately W of the junction of the Ranney and old 
 Gordonville-Benton roads. Sample taken in a woodlot, the only forested area 
 near and W of the road junction, 4% miles W (slightly SW) of the center of the 
 town of Cape Girardeau. Vegetation: oak-hickory with elm, mulberry, walnut. 
 maple, pawpaw, and grapevines. Profile very dry. Yellowish cast of entire 
 profile, absence of platy structure, and very light gray coating indicate relation- 
 ship to southern soils. In all color designations yellowish-brown is brighter or 
 stronger than that of the color chart. Sampled by R. J. Muckenhirn, H. H. 
 Krusekopf, L. T. Alexander, and A. M. O'Neal, October 13, 1944. 
 
 Sample 
 No. Inches 
 
 364 0-3 Pale brown silt loam. Medium to coarse granular structure; 
 aggregates crush easily without color change. Worm casts and 
 roots abundant. 
 
46 Bulletin Xo. 587 [May, 
 
 Sample 
 No. Inches 
 
 365 3-5 Pale brown to light yellowish-brown silt loam. Granular or 
 
 weakly developed medium nut structure; aggregates moderately 
 vesicular, penetrated by roots, crushing easily to pale brown. 
 Worm casts and roots abundant. 
 
 366 5-7 Very pale to pale brown silt loam. Weakly developed coarse 
 
 granular to medium nut structure; aggregates moderately vesicu- 
 lar, penetrated by roots, crushing easily to light yellowish-brown. 
 Worm casts and roots abundant. 
 
 367 7-9 Light yellowish-brown silt loam. Similar to 5-7 inch layer but 
 
 aggregates are more vesicular and more resistant to crushing and 
 have more abundant worm casts. 
 
 368 9-12 Moderate to light yellowish-brown silt loam. Weakly developed 
 
 medium nut structure ; aggregates moderately vesicular, crushing 
 fairly easily to light yellowish-brown. Worm casts and roots 
 abundant. 
 
 369 12-18 Moderate yellowish-brown silt loam. Medium nut structure; 
 
 aggregates slightly vesicular, crushing easily to light to moderate 
 yellowish-brown. Worm casts and roots abundant. 
 
 370 18-22 Moderate to strong yellowish-brown heavy silt loam. Medium 
 
 blocky structure; aggregates slightly vesicular, very lightly 
 sprinkled with gray, crushing with slight resistance to light to 
 strong yellowish-brown. Worm casts fairly abundant, roots 
 abundant. 
 
 371 22-26 Moderate yellowish-brown silt}- clay loam. Medium blocky 
 
 structure; aggregates slightly vesicular, crushing with slight to 
 moderate resistance to moderate or light 3 T ellowish-brown. Roots 
 fairly abundant. 
 
 372 26-31 Moderate yellowish-brown to moderate brown silty clay loam. 
 
 Medium blocky structure; aggregates slightly vesicular, generally 
 coated with dark yellowish-brown to moderate brown sprinkled 
 with gray, and crushing with moderate resistance to light to mod- 
 erate yellowish-brown. Roots fairly abundant, present only in 
 crevices. 
 
 373 31-36 Moderate yellowish-brown silty clay loam. Medium to coarse 
 
 blocky structure; aggregates slightly vesicular, lightly coated with 
 gray, surface color more brown than the moderate yellowish- 
 brown of the chart, interiors approaching light yellowish-brown. 
 Aggregates crush with moderate resistance to light yellowish- 
 brown. 
 
 374 36-38 Moderate yellowish-brown heavy silt loam or light silty clay 
 
 loam. Fine to medium blocky structure; aggregates slightly 
 vesicular, well-coated with gray, and crushing with slight to 
 moderate resistance to light yellowish-brown. Because of the 
 smaller size of the aggregates, the gray coating gives this layer 
 a whitish appearance in contrast to the vellowish-brown of the 
 31-36 inch layer. 
 
 375 38^10 Moderate yellowish-brown heavy silt loam. Medium to coarse 
 
 blocky structure; aggregates slightly vesicular, moderately to 
 heavily gray-coated, crushing with moderate resistance to moder- 
 ate yellowish-brown. Coatings of moderate brown irregularly 
 distributed on aggregates and penetrating the aggregates in short 
 tongues. This layer, because of the somewhat smaller aiiiireirates. 
 appears whiter than the 40-45 inch layer. Roots few. 
 
1955] Detailed Field Descriptions of Soils 47 
 
 Sample 
 No. Inches 
 
 376 40-45 Moderate to dark yellowish-brown light silty clay loam. Very 
 
 coarse blocky structure; aggregates very slightly vesicular, well- 
 coated with gray and irregularly coated and penetrated by dark 
 yellowish-brown to moderate brown clayey material. Occasional 
 dark orange and very pale brown mottlings and dark specks. 
 Few roots. 
 
 377 45-50 Moderate yellowish-brown light silty clay loam. Very coarse 
 
 blocky structure; aggregates very slightly vesicular, coated with 
 gray and dark yellowish-brown, and crushing with strong resist- 
 ance to light to moderate yellowish-brown. Few roots in as well 
 as between the blocks. 
 
 378 50-55 Dark yellowish-brown heavy silt loam. Massive or extremely 
 
 coarse blocky structure; aggregates slightly vesicular, generally 
 coated with gray, and generally covered and penetrated by 
 moderate brown clayey material. Occasional mottlings of dark 
 orange. Few roots. 
 
 379 55-60 Moderate to dark yellowish-brown heavy silt loam. Extremely 
 
 coarse blocky structure to massive; aggregates very slightly 
 vesicular, with pronounced gray and irregular moderate brown 
 coatings as well as moderate brown and dark brown mottlings. 
 Crush with moderate resistance to moderate yellowish-brown. 
 Very few roots. 
 
 380 60-65 Moderate to dark yellowish-brown heavy silt loam. Extremely 
 
 coarse blocky structure; aggregates slightly vesicular, moderately 
 to heavily gray-coated, specked with dark brown, and crushing 
 with strong resistance to moderate to strong yellowish-brown. 
 
 381 110-120 Moderate to strong yellowish-brown silt loam. Xoncalcareous 
 
 loess; depth of loess not known. 
 
 Profile No. 25, Project Z-l-2-8 
 
 Cape Girardeau county, Missouri Slope 5 percent 
 
 Near center of Survey 3158, T 31 X. R 12 E. Sample pit in dense woodlot 0.2 
 miles NW from junction of Mo. Highway 34 and U. S. 61 on U. S. 61. then E 
 on gravel road 0.4 miles to SE edge of woods. Then XE 200 feet along old road. 
 then E 40 feet to about 40 feet from E edge of woods. The vegetation is oak. 
 hickory, tulip poplar, and maple. The profile was very dry when sampled. The 
 lighl yellowish color of the A. lack of blocky structure, gray coating in upper 
 24 inches, and thick massive B below 30 inches indicate that this profile is 
 related to the southern soils. Sampled by R. J. Muckenhirn, H. H. Krusekopf. 
 L. T. Alexander, A. M. O'X'eal, and Grant Mickelson. October 14. 1944. 
 
 382 0-4 Pale brown silt loam. Fine to medium granular structure; aggre- 
 
 gates moderately vesicular, crushing easily to very pale brown. 
 Network of roots. 
 
 383 4-7 Light yellowish-brown silt loam. Medium to coarse granular 
 
 structure; aggregates slightly vesicular, crushing easily to very 
 pale brown. Roots and worm casts abundant. 
 
 384 7-10 Light yellowish-brown silt loam. Rather massive, but breaks into 
 
 coarse granular or very weakly developed medium nut .structure: 
 aggregates slightly vesicular, crushing easily without color change. 
 Roots and worm casts abundant. 
 
48 
 
 Bulletin No. 587 
 
 [May, 
 
 Sample 
 No. Inches 
 385 10-13 
 
 386 13-16 
 
 387 16-21 
 
 388 21-24 
 
 389 24-27 
 
 390 27-30 
 
 391 30-34 
 
 392 34-38 
 
 393 38^2 
 
 394 42-46 
 
 395 46-50 
 
 396 50-54 
 
 397 54-60 
 
 Light to moderate yellowish-brown silt loam. Rather massive, 
 but breaks into fine to coarse granular structure; aggregates 
 moderately vesicular with some pores up to 2 mm. in diameter, 
 and crushing easily to light yellowish-brown. Insect burrows and 
 worm casts abundant. 
 
 Light to moderate yellowish-brown silt loam. Weakly developed 
 coarse nut structure; aggregates slightly vesicular, sprinkled with 
 gray, and crushing easily to light yellowish-brown. Roots fairly 
 abundant. 
 
 Moderate yellowish-brown silt loam. Coarse to very coarse nut 
 structure; aggregates vesicular, lightly coated with gray, and 
 crushing with slight resistance to light yellowish-brown. 
 
 Moderate to strong yellowish-brown silt loam. Coarse to very 
 coarse nut structure; aggregates slightly vesicular, crushing with 
 slight resistance to moderate yellowish-brown. Roots fairly 
 abundant. 
 
 Moderate to dark yellowish-brown heavy silt loam. Medium nut 
 structure; aggregates moderately vesicular, heavily coated with 
 gray, irregularly spotted with dark brown, occasionally mottled 
 with orange in the interiors, crushing with slight resistance to 
 light yellowish-brown. Roots abundant. 
 
 Dark yellowish-brown heavy silt loam. Medium to coarse blocky 
 structure; aggregates slightly vesicular, moderately to heavily 
 coated with gray, generally specked with dark brown, occasionally 
 mottled with dark orange, and crushing with slight resistance to 
 light yellowish-brown. Roots abundant. 
 
 Dark yellowish-brown silty clay loam. Coarse to very coarse 
 blocky structure. Aggregates nearly covered with dark brown 
 spots and splotches, lightly graj^-coated ; penetrated by occa- 
 sional tongues of dark brown, crushing with moderate resistance 
 to moderate yellowish-brown. 
 
 Same as 30-34 inch layer except that blocks are a little larger, 
 gray coating is a little more pronounced, and no dark brown 
 tongues were noted. Fibrous roots abundant in crevices. 
 
 Dark yellowish-brown silty clay loam. Massive to very coarse 
 blocky structure; dark brown specks on surface of blocks, occa- 
 sional tongues of gray silty material; aggregates crush with 
 strong resistance to light to moderate yellowish-brown. Roots 
 abundant. 
 
 Light to strong yellowish-brown silty clay loam. Massive, with 
 irregular streaks and coating of gray and dark yellowish-brown to 
 moderate brown; dark brown specks common. Fibrous roots 
 fairly abundant. 
 
 Moderate yellowish-brown light silty clay loam. Massive; some 
 cleavage planes, irregularly coated with moderate to dark yel- 
 lowish-brown and spotted with gray and dark brown. Crushes 
 with moderate resistance to light yellowish-brown. 
 
 Same as 46-50 inch layer except that fragments crush with strong 
 resistance to light to moderate yellowish-brown. 
 
 Moderate yellowish-brown heavy silt loam. Massive; fragments 
 very hard when dry, partially coated with dark yellowish-brown 
 to moderate brown and some gray, and mottled with dark brown 
 and very pale brown. Crushes to light yellowish-brown. Fibrous 
 roots fairly abundant in crevices. 
 
1055] 
 
 Detailed Field Descriptions of Soils 
 
 49 
 
 Sample 
 No. Inches 
 
 398 60-72 
 
 399 93-105 
 
 Moderate yellowish-brown heavy silt loam. Massive, with mod- 
 erate coatings, and sprinkled with gray. 
 
 Moderate veil o wish-brown silt loam. 
 
 Profile No. 26, Project Z-l-2-8 
 
 Lincoln county, Missouri Slope 5 percent W 
 
 Ninety-five feet W and 45 feet N of the SE corner of the NWVi, Section 22. 
 T 50 X, R 2 E. Profile taken in a freshly plowed field that had been in pasture 
 at least 30 years with no lime, fertilizer, or manure ever having been applied. 
 Sampled by W. D. Shrader and E. P. Whiteside, June 26, 1945. 
 
 Dark yellowish-brown silt loam, very friable. Well-de- 
 veloped fine granular structure. Plant roots and decom- 
 posing grass stems and leaves abundant. Recently plowed 
 and mixed by disking. 
 
 Moderate yellowish-brown silt loam, very friable. Moder- 
 ately well-developed medium granular structure. Contains 
 numerous fibrous roots, worm casts, and burrows. 
 
 Moderate yellowish-brown silty clay loam, friable to firm. 
 Well-developed fine nuciform structure; aggregates with a 
 few black stains on surfaces. Color slight^ lighter after 
 crushing. Fibrous roots and worm casts fairly abundant. 
 
 Moderate yellowish-brown silt loam. Well-developed blocky 
 structure. Faint gray coating, in a few places brownish- 
 black stain; color slightly lighter after crushing. Numerous 
 worm casts. Few fibrous roots. 
 
 Moderate yellowish-brown silty cla> r loam. Friable to firm, 
 well-developed medium blocky structure. Thin gray coat- 
 ing and a few brownish-black coatings. Color slightly 
 lighter after crushing. 
 
 Moderate yellowish-brown silt loam, friable. Moderately 
 to well-developed medium to coarse blocky structure; ag- 
 gregates faintly gray-coated. A few worm burrows. 
 
 Moderate yellowish-brown silt loam, friable. Mottled with 
 strong to light yellowish-brown. The strong; brown is con- 
 fined to a few spots 1 to 2 inches in diameter. Structure 
 indistinct. 
 
 Light to moderate yellowish-brown silt loam. A few spots 
 of strong brown V2 to 1 inch in diameter. Friable; too wet 
 to determine structure. 
 
 Sample 
 No. 
 
 Ho- 
 rizon 
 
 Inches 
 
 400 
 
 Aa 
 
 0-8 
 
 401 
 402 
 403 
 
 A 2 
 A 2 
 
 A 2 
 
 &-11 
 11-14 
 14-16 
 
 404 
 405 
 
 B 1 
 
 16-18 
 18-21 
 
 406 
 407 
 408 
 
 B 2 
 B 2 
 B 2 
 
 21-25 
 
 25-28 
 28-31 
 
 409 
 410 
 411 
 412 
 
 B 3 
 B 3 
 
 B 3 
 B, 
 
 31-34 
 34-37 
 37-40 
 40-44 
 
 413 
 414 
 
 C, 
 
 Ci 
 
 44-49 
 49-55 
 
 iii 
 
 416 
 
 IT 
 
 C 2 55-60 
 
 60-65 
 
 Ci 65-70 Light to moderate yellowish-brown silt loam, friable. A 
 few spots of strong brown. 
 
 Seventy to 73 inches similar to above but with more strong brown. Seventy-three 
 to 85 inches moderate yellowish-brown to moderate brown heavy silt loam. 
 Contains a few subangular quartz grains up to 1 mm. in diameter. Probably old 
 surface soil. Eighty-five to 110 inches strong brown silty clay loam. Moderately 
 plastic. Contains a few subangular quartz mains up to 1 mm. in diameter. 
 
50 Bulletin No. 587 [May, 
 
 Profile No. 27, Project Z-l-2-8 
 
 St. Charles county, Missouri Slope 5.5 percent N.E. 
 
 Four and two-tenths miles W of junction of .Routes 40 and 97, then S 1.3 miles 
 on the Jungerman road, then 50 feet E and 185 feet N of the SW corner of the 
 Emil Jungerman woods. Open stand of white oak with heavy undergrowth of 
 hickory sprouts, buckbrush, burr oak, elm, sumac, and briars. Very sparse stand 
 of grass and weeds. Topography of the region rolling with slopes predominently 
 2-10 percent. Profile moist to 62 inches, then dry and hard. Sampled by W. D. 
 Shrader and E. P. Whiteside, June 28, 1945. 
 
 Sample Ho- 
 
 
 No. r/'zon 
 
 Inches 
 
 418 A, 
 
 0-2 
 
 Brownish-gray very friable silt loam with 20 to 30 percent 
 of partially decomposed leaves, twigs, and fine roots. Well- 
 developed fine granular structure. Worm casts abundant. 
 
 419 Ai 2-4 Dark yellowish-brown very friable silt loam. Moderately 
 
 developed fine granular structure. Fine roots abundant. 
 Volume weight 1-4 inches — 1.20. 
 
 420 Aj 4-7 Moderate to dark yellowish-brown very friable silt loam. 
 
 Moderately developed coarse granular structure. Fine roots 
 abundant. Volume weight 4-7 inches- — 1.37. 
 
 421 A 2 7-9 Moderate yellowish-brown friable silt loam. Weakly de- 
 
 422 A 2 9-12 veloped fine platy and moderately well-developed medium 
 
 granular structure. Roots 1-5 mm. in diameter abundant. 
 Volume weight 8-11 inches — 1.32. 
 
 423 Ai 12-15 Moderate yellowish-brown friable silt loam, slightly mottled 
 
 424 A 2 15-18 with light yellowish-brown. Weakly developed medium 
 
 platy aggregates, which crush into weakly developed fine 
 nuciform structure. Fine roots abundant, a few up to 4 
 cm. in diameter. Zone of maximum root concentration. 
 Volume weight 13-16 inches — 1.37. 
 
 425 Bi 18-21 Moderate yellowish-brown, friable heavy silt loam. Moder- 
 
 426 Bi 21-24 ately developed medium nuciform structure ; particles 
 
 heavily coated with light yellowish-brown silt loam. Roots 
 not as abundant as in A 2 . Volume weight 19-22 inches — 
 1.49. 
 
 Moderate yellowish-brown firm silty clay loam. Well- 
 developed coarse blocky structure with a few faint moder- 
 ate brown and light yellowish-brown stains on aggregate 
 surfaces. Fibrous roots in crevices, a few up to 15 mm. in 
 diameter. Volume weight 30-33 inches — 1.50. 
 
 Moderate yellowish-brown, friable to firm, silt} r clay loam. 
 Weakly developed coarse blocky structure with faint 
 coating of moderate brown. A few small roots. Volume 
 weight 35-38 inches — 1.38. 
 
 Moderate to light yellowish-brown friable light silty clay 
 loam. Weakly developed coarse blocky structure with 
 brownish-black or moderate brown stains on some surfaces. 
 A few fibrous roots in crevices. Most of the roots are dead. 
 Volume weight 43-46 inches — 1.40. 
 
 435 Ci 54-61 Light yellowish-brown friable silt loam. Very coarse weakly 
 developed blocky structure; some surfaces stained moder- 
 ate brown and weak brown. Weak brown silty material 
 accumulated in root channels. 
 
 427 
 428 
 429 
 
 B 2 
 B 2 
 B 2 
 
 24-27 
 27-30 
 30-34 
 
 430 
 431 
 
 B 2 
 B 2 
 
 34-37 
 37-40 
 
 432 
 433 
 434 
 
 B, 
 B 3 
 
 Ba 
 
 40-45 
 45-50 
 50-54 
 
tample 
 No. 
 
 436 
 
 Ho- 
 rizon 
 
 Inches 
 
 61-65 
 
 437 
 438 
 439 
 
 c 2 
 
 C 2 
 
 c 2 
 
 65-76 
 
 76-87 
 87-98 
 
 440 
 
 C 3 
 
 114- 
 
 -122 
 
 441 
 
 D 
 
 122- 
 
 -180 
 
 1955] Detailed Field Descriptions of Soils 51 
 
 Light yellowish-brown, friable, almost structureless silt 
 loam. Numerous small flecks of dusky-brown and brownish- 
 black throughout soil mass, apparently old channels of 
 small roots. No live roots. 
 
 Similar to 61-65 inch layer but slightly more firm and with- 
 out brown-black flecks. Volume weight 65-68 inches — 1.42. 
 
 Light yellowish-brown friable calcareous silt loam. 
 
 Light yellowish-brown and very pale brown friable almost 
 structureless silt loam. A few calcareous flecks but mass is 
 noncalcareous. This layer may correspond to the Sangamon 
 loess (Farmdale) in Illinois. 
 
 From 195 to 210 inches the material is light yellowish-brown and very pale brown 
 structureless silt loam with a little coarse quartz sand. Probably an old surface 
 soil horizon. From 210 to 220 inches light brownish-gray very firm silty clay with 
 light yellowish-gray mottlings. Noncalcareous, probably an old subsoil horizon. 
 
 Profile No. 28, Project Z-l-2-8 
 
 Jersey county, Illinois Slope 3 percent S 
 
 Three hundred and fifty feet S and 200 feet E of the NW corner of the NE% 
 Section 4, T 6 N, R 11 W. West on State Highway 100 for 1.25 miles from its 
 junction with State Highway 109, then S on gravel road 350 feet, then E 200 
 feet through timber, sample taken 100 feet S of a gently rounded ridge top. 
 Predominant slopes in the area 2 to 10 percent. Vegetation an open stand of 
 mature white and black oak timber, 12 to 20 inches in diameter, with a few 
 hickory trees. Undergrowth of oak, hickory, a few wild cherry sprouts, sumac, 
 Virginia creeper, wild grapevines, blackberry, wild lespedeza, and annual weeds. 
 Profile dry to 14 inches, moist 14 to 90 inches, then nearly dry. Sampled by E. P. 
 Whiteside and W. D. Shrader, July 31, 1945. 
 
 442 Ai 0-2 Brownish-gray loose silt loam. Well-developed fine granu- 
 
 lar structure. Partially decomposed roots, stems, and leaves 
 abundant. 
 
 443 Ai 2-5 Light yellowish-brown soft silt loam. Poorly developed 
 
 444 Ai 5-7 medium platy structure with some moderately developed 
 
 medium granular aggregates. Roots numerous. Volume 
 weight 3-6 inches — 1.26. 
 
 445 A 2 7-11 Moderate yellowish-brown soft silt loam. Moderately de- 
 
 446 A 2 11-14 veloped medium blocky structure; aggregates vesicular. 
 
 Small roots less numerous than in 2-7 inch layers, but more 
 roots Vi to W2 inches in diameter. Volume weight 9-12 
 inches — 1.34. 
 
 447 A 3 14-17 Moderate yellowish-brown friable silty clay loam. Moder- 
 
 ately developed medium blocky structure; a few of the ag- 
 gregates faintly coated with very pale brown. Roots similar 
 in size and frequency to 7-14 inch layers. Volume weight 
 — 1.51. 
 
 448 Bi 17-21 Moderate yellowish-brown friable silty clay loam. Well-de- 
 
 veloped medium to fine (Vt to % inch) blocky structure, 
 with faint very pale brown coating on most of the aggre- 
 gate faces. Roots abundant, % t< 
 Volume weight 17-20 inches — 1.56. 
 
52 
 
 Bulletin Xo. 587 
 
 [May, 
 
 Sample 
 
 Ho- 
 
 
 No. 
 
 rizon 
 
 Inches 
 
 449 
 
 B 2 
 
 21-24 
 
 450 
 
 B 2 
 
 24-27 
 
 451 
 
 B 2 
 
 27-30 
 
 452 
 
 B 2 
 
 30-33 
 
 453 
 
 B, 
 
 33-37 
 
 454 
 
 B 2 
 
 37-41 
 
 455 
 
 B 2 
 
 41-46 
 
 Moderate yellowish-brown firm silty clay loam. Strongly 
 developed medium blocky structure; aggregates very thinly 
 coated with pale brown silty material. Small roots abun- 
 dant, a few medium-sized roots. Volume weight 23-26 
 inches — 1.54. 
 
 Moderate yellowish-brown firm silty clay loam. Strongly 
 developed coarse blocky structure; aggregates with pro- 
 nounced very pale brown silty coating, strong brown in 
 places. A few small dusky brown spots throughout soil 
 mass. Small roots abundant, usually between aggregates. 
 Volume weight 29-32 inches — 1.57. 
 
 Moderate yellowish-brown friable silty clay loam. Well- 
 developed coarse blocky structure; aggregates coated with 
 very pale brown and in places with glossy strong brown 
 clayey material. A few dusky-brown and brownish-black 
 spots throughout soil mass. Small roots less abundant than 
 in 27-33 inch layers. Volume weight 34-37 inches — 1.58; 
 41-44 inches — 1.55. 
 
 456 B 3 46-51 Mixed light yellowish-brown and moderate yellowish-brown 
 
 457 B ;i 51-55 friable heavy silt loam. Weakly developed coarse blocky 
 
 458 B.! 55-60 structure. Very pale brown silty coating less pronounced 
 
 and small roots less abundant than in 33-46 inch layers. 
 Volume weight 47-50 inches — 1.57; 56-59 inches — 1.54. 
 
 459 C 60-70 Mixed light yellowish-brown and moderate yellowish- 
 
 460 C 70-80 brown very friable silt loam. Poorly developed coarse 
 
 461 C 80-90 blocky structure; faint very pale brown silty coating on 
 
 aggregates. 
 
 No samples taken below 90 inches. Ninety to 100 inches same as C horizon. 
 One hundred to 120 inches light yellowish-brown and moderate yellowish-brown 
 very friable silt loam with an occasional coarse sand grain in upper part and 
 sand more abundant in lower part. 
 
 Profile No. 29, Project Z-l-2-8 
 
 Randolph county, Illinois Slope 6 percent E 
 
 SW 10 of the NW 40 of the SW 1 ^, Section 19, T 6 S, R 7 W. Southwest 1.85 
 miles from Illinois Highway No. 3 on the Riley Lake road to brush-grown fence 
 row on NW side of road, then 200 feet NW along fence row. then 20 feet SE. 
 Sample taken 50 feet from crest of narrow rounded ridge within half mile of 
 Mississippi river bluff. Topography of area strongly sloping, slopes ranging from 
 3 to 12 percent. Vegetation consisted of a heavy growth of wild cheat or rye 
 grass, ragweed, partridge pea, goldenrod, and trumpet vine. Cleared in 1902, 
 with no fertilizer or limestone applied since. The profile was nearly dry 0-15 
 inches, moist 15-155 inches. Boring to 20 feet was noncalcareous loess throughout; 
 loess reported to be more than 45 feet thick in a well V4 mile E. Sampled by 
 E. P. Whiteside, W. D. Shrader, and H. L. Wascher, August 2, 1945. 
 
 462 
 
 463 A 2 
 
 0-7 
 
 7-10 
 
 Very pale brown to light yellowish-brown very friable silt 
 loam. Moderately developed fine granular structure. Fibrous 
 roots numerous. Volume weight 2-5 inches — 1.24. 
 
 Light yellowish-brown very friable silt loam. Poorly de- 
 veloped thin platy structure, crushing to moderately 
 developed fine granular structure. Fibrous roots numerous. 
 Volume weight — 1.37. 
 
1955] 
 
 Detailed Field Descriptions of Soils 
 
 53 
 
 Sample Ho- 
 
 
 No. rizon 
 
 Inches 
 
 464 A 2 
 
 10-15 
 
 465 A 3 15-19 
 
 466 
 467 
 
 Bi 
 
 B, 
 
 19-22 
 22-26 
 
 468 
 469 
 
 B 2 
 B. 
 
 26-28 
 28-30 
 
 470 
 471 
 
 B 2 
 B 2 
 
 30-34 
 34-38 
 
 472 
 473 
 
 B 2 
 B 2 
 
 38-43 
 43^8 
 
 474 
 475 
 
 C 
 C 
 
 48-54 
 54-60 
 
 476 
 
 477 
 
 60-70 
 
 70-80 
 
 Light yellowish-brown very friable silt loam. Moderately 
 developed medium granular structure; aggregates coated 
 with pale brown. Roots less numerous than above. Volume 
 weight 11-14 inches — 1.42. 
 
 Moderate yellowish-brown heavy silt loam. Fine blocky 
 structure; aggregates with faint very pale brown silty 
 coating, and crushing to light yellowish-brown. A few 
 fibrous roots. Volume weight 16-19 inches — 1.51. 
 
 Moderate yellowish-brown friable to firm silty clay loam. 
 Moderately developed medium blocky structure; aggregates 
 with faint very pale brown silty coating. A few dusky 
 specks throughout the soil mass. Few roots. Volume weight 
 22-25 inches— 1.56. 
 
 Moderate yellowish-brown friable silty clay loam. Moder- 
 ately developed medium blocky structure, very little pale 
 brown coating. A few dusky brown specks throughout the 
 soil mass. Volume weight 27-30 inches — 1.55. 
 
 Moderate yellowish-brown friable silty clay loam. Moder- 
 ately developed coarse blocky structure; faint, irregular, 
 very pale brown silty coating on some aggregates. A few 
 specks of dusky brown throughout the soil mass. Volume 
 weight 34-37 inches — 1.57. 
 
 Moderate yellowish-brown heavy silt loam. Moderately de- 
 veloped medium blocky structure ; aggregates faintly coated 
 with strong brown and dusk} r brown. Volume weight 43-46 
 inches — 1.55. 
 
 Moderate yellowish-brown friable silt loam. Weakly de- 
 veloped coarse blocky structure. Faint strong brown and 
 dusky-brown coatings on most of aggregates, very pale 
 brown on a few. A few specks of dusky brown and spots 
 of pale brown throughout soil mass. Volume weight 49-52 
 inches — 1 .54 ; 54-57 inches — 1 .49. 
 
 Moderate yellowish-brown very friable silt loam. Auger 
 sample, therefore structure not determined accurately. Ap- 
 peared to be weakly developed, coarse blocky. Faint very 
 pale brown silty coating on some structure faces. A few 
 dusky brown specks throughout soil mass. 
 
 Similar to 60-70 inch laver. 
 
 478 C 80-90 Similar to 60-70 inch layer. 
 Bored to 280 inches but not sampled. Similar to 60-70 inch layer. 
 
 Profile No. 30, Project Z-l-2-8 
 
 Perry county, Missouri Slope 7 percent S 
 
 NW corner of the SE% of the SE^ Section 18, T 36 N, R 11 E. North 5.7 miles 
 on Highway 51 from junction of Highways 25 and 51 at Perryville, then W on 
 gravel road 0.95 miles to gate on S side of road, then 250 feet W of gate about 
 50 feet from the crest of a narrow ridge. The sampling site was a good quality 
 permanent pasture, about V2 lespedeza and V2 bluegrass. Some ragweeds, white- 
 top (Eupatorium serotinum), ironweed (Veronia altissima), red sorrel, pepper 
 grass, plantain, and bull nettle. Sampled by W. D. Shrader and E. P. Whiteside, 
 September 6, 1945. 
 
Sample 
 
 Ho- 
 
 
 No. 
 
 rizon 
 
 Inches 
 
 479 
 
 At 
 
 0-7 
 
 480 
 
 A 3 
 
 7-10 
 
 481 
 
 A 3 
 
 10-13 
 
 54 Bulletin Xo. 587 [May, 
 
 Light yellowish-brown silt loam, friable. Weakly developed 
 fine granular structure. Grass and lespedeza roots abun- 
 dant. Volume weight 2-5 inches — 1.38. 
 
 Light to moderate brown heavy silt loam. Hard when dry. 
 Light to moderate yellowish-brown when crushed. Well- 
 developed medium blocky structure, vesicular. Most aggre- 
 gates have moderate brown surfaces, some have faint very 
 pale brown coatings. Numerous fine roots. Volume weight 
 8-11 inches — 1.51. 
 
 482 Bi 13-15 Moderate brown silty clay loam. Hard when dry. Mod- 
 
 483 Bi 15-18 erate yellowish-brown when crushed. Strongly developed 
 
 medium blocky structure. Most aggregates have moderate 
 brown surfaces. Very pale brown silty coatings more abun- 
 dant than in A a horizon. Fine roots not as abundant as in 
 A 3 . Volume weight 15-18 inches — 1.60. 
 
 484 B 2 18-21 Moderate yellowish-brown silty clay loam. Hard when dry. 
 
 485 B 2 21-25 Strongly developed medium blocky structure. Most aggre- 
 
 gates have moderate brown surfaces, but very pale brown 
 silty coatings prominent on many faces. Fine roots moder- 
 ately abundant. Volume weight 21-24 inches — 1.60. 
 
 486 B 2 25-29 Moderate yellowish-brown, firm silty clay loam. Well- 
 
 487 B 2 29-33 developed coarse blocky structure ; aggregates coated with 
 
 moderate brown material, higher in clay content than the 
 soil mass. Small dusky-brown flecks throughout soil mass. 
 Very pale brown silty coatings in old root channels and on 
 a few of the structure faces. A few lespedeza taproots 
 with numerous nodules extend through this horizon. Vol- 
 ume weight 27-30 inches — 1.59. 
 
 488 B :i 33-37 Moderate yellowish-brown heavy silt loam, friable. Faint 
 
 489 B 3 37-41 moderate brown clayey coatings and dusky-brown stains on 
 
 structure faces in some places. Dusky-brown flecks through- 
 out soil mass. A few pockets and streaks of pale brown 
 silty material. A few lespedeza taproots with numerous 
 nodules extend into this horizon. Volume weight 33-36 
 inches — 1.58. 
 
 490 Ci 41-47 Moderate yellowish-brown heav\^ silt loam, friable. Very 
 
 slightly mottled with light yellowish-brown. Weakly de- 
 veloped coarse blocky structure with faint moderate brown 
 non-clayey coatings. A few small dusky-brown stains. Very 
 pale brown silty material in a few old root channels. A 
 few fine roots to about 46 inches. Volume weight 40-43 
 inches — 1.59. 
 
 491 C 2 47-53 Moderate yellowish-brown silt loam, very friable to friable. 
 
 492 Cs 53-60 Poorly developed coarse blocky structure. A few small 
 
 dusky-brown stains and very faint veins of very pale brown. 
 Volume weight 47-50 inches — 1.56; 55-58 inches — 1.54. 
 
 493 C2 60-70 Moderate yellowish-brown silt loam, very friable. Structure 
 
 indistinct. Sampled with Retzer auger. 
 
 494 C 2 70-80 Similar to 60-70 inch subhorizon. 
 
1955] Detailed Field Descriptions of Soils 55 
 
 Profile No. 31, Project Z-l-2-8 
 
 Perry county, Missouri Slope 5 percent W 
 
 T 35 X, R 10 E, % mile NW from XE corner of Survey Xo. 2137. Sample 100 
 feet W of XE corner of wooded tract belonging to Edgar Moranvil, 1.6 miles 
 NW from junction of State Highways 25 and 51 on State Highway 25 to a 
 gravel road, then X 0.8 miles on the gravel road to fork in road, then right hand 
 fork 0.25 miles X to where the woods swing away from road, then W 100 
 feet to edge of woods and 100 feet into woods. The sampling site is a region of 
 modified karst topography, narrow rounded ridges not over 40 rods wide with 
 about 10 percent hillside slopes. Drainage by open streams and into sinkholes. 
 Red oaks. 6-20 inches in diameter, dominate with some hickory and elm and 
 undergrowth of shrubs and vines. Three-inch mat of leaves. Horizon Ai moist. 
 remainder of profile dry. Sampled by W. D. Shrader and E. P. Whiteside, 
 September 8, 1945. 
 
 Sample Ho- 
 
 
 No. r/'zon 
 
 Inches 
 
 495 A, 
 
 0-2 
 
 Dark yellowish-brown, very friable silt loam. Well-de- 
 veloped granular structure; high in partially decomposed 
 plant remains and permeated by roots. 
 
 496 Ai 2-6 Light yellowish-brown soft silt loam. Weakly developed 
 
 fine to medium granular structure. Some small dusky- 
 brown flecks and some of the darker overlying material has 
 sifted down along root channels. Roots up to 1 inch in 
 diameter, and animal burrows abundant. Volume weight 
 2-5 inches— 128. 
 
 497 A 2 6-10 Moderate yellowish-brown slightly hard silt loam to heavy 
 
 498 A 2 10-13 silt loam. Weakly developed coarse granular structure. 
 
 499 A 2 13-16 Small dusky-brown flecks throughout soil mass. Large roots 
 
 as abundant as in 2-6 inch layer, small roots less abun- 
 dant. Volume weight 10-13 inches — 1.45. 
 
 500 A:; 16-19 Moderate yellowish-brown, slightly hard heavy silt loam 
 
 501 A; 19-23 to light silty clay loam. Moderately developed fine blocky 
 
 structure with a few faint very pale brown silty coatings. 
 Small dusky-brown flecks throughout soil mass. Roots 
 numerous. Volume weight 16-19 inches — 1.55. 
 
 502 B, 23-26 Moderate yellowish-brown (757c), light yellowish-brown 
 
 503 B, 26-29 (157), very pale brown (10%). hard silty clay loam. Well- 
 
 developed medium blocky structure; aggregates coated in 
 places with moderate brown clayey material. Very pale 
 brown silty coatings abundant. Dusky-brown flecks larger 
 and more abundant than in A :! . Roots numerous. Volume 
 weight 23-26 inches— 1.56. 
 
 504 Bi 29-33 Moderate yellowish-brown (70%), light yellowish-brown 
 
 (15%), moderate brown (59c) , very pale brown (5%), 
 dusky-brown (37c), strong brown (29c). hard silty clay 
 loam. Well-developed medium blocky structure. Pro- 
 nounced very pale brown silty coatings and in places mod- 
 erate brown clayey coating. Small brown flecks. Roots less 
 abundant than in 23-29 inch layer. Volume weight 29-32 
 inches— 1.60. 
 
 Moderate yellowish-brown (75%), light yellowish-brown 
 (209c). dusky brown (59c). very hard silty clay loam. 
 Strongly developed medium blocky structure; aggregates 
 with pronounced moderate brown clayey coatings and in 
 places very pale brown silty coating on the clayey coating. 
 Silty coating less pronounced than in 29-33 inch layer. 
 Small dusky-brown flecks. A few small roots. Volume 
 weight 36-39 inches— 1.64. 
 
 505 
 
 B 2 
 
 33-36 
 
 506 
 
 B 2 
 
 36-39 
 
 507 
 
 B 2 
 
 39-42 
 
56 Bulletin No. 587 [May, 
 
 Sample Ho- 
 
 
 No. rizon 
 
 inches 
 
 508 B 3 
 
 42-47 
 
 509 B 3 
 
 47-52 
 
 Moderate yellowish-brown (60%), light yellowish-brown 
 (40%), very hard silty clay loam. Well-developed coarse 
 blocky structure; aggregates coated irregularly with mod- 
 erate brown clayey and in places with pale brown silty 
 materials. Few roots. Volume weight 42-45 inches — 1.64; 
 48-51 inches— 1.64. 
 
 510 Ci 52-60 Moderate yellowish-brown (60%), and light yellowish- 
 
 brown, hard, heavy silt loam. Weakly developed coarse 
 blocky structure. Very pale brown silty material in old 
 channels and as a thin coating on some faces. Some small 
 dusky-brown flecks. A few small roots. Volume weight 
 54-57 inches — 1.58. 
 
 511 Ci 60-70 Light to moderate yellowish-brown hard silt loam. Prob- 
 
 ably weakly developed coarse blocky structure. Very pale 
 brown silty material in old channels and veins and on ag- 
 gregate faces. Sample taken with Retzer auger. 
 
 Depth of loess interpreted to be about 75 inches. 
 
 Profile No. 32, Project Z-l-2-8 
 
 Randolph county, Illinois Slope 6.5 percent S 
 
 NEVi of SE 1 ^ Section 26, T 5 S, R 7 W. Sample taken 400 feet W and 275 
 feet N of the SE corner of the SE 10. Sampling site on a narrow ridge between 
 and near the head of two drainageways. To the N and E a slightly undulating 
 plain, rolling to the S and W. Vegetation is black oak, white oak, and hickory, 
 most of the trees less than 12 inches in diameter, the largest about 18 inches. 
 The undergrowth is oak and hickory sprouts, a few weeds, wild legumes, and 
 sumac bushes. Upper 11 inches moist, balance of profile dry. Sampled by E. P. 
 Whiteside and W. D. Shrader, September 18, 1945. 
 
 512 Ai 0-2 Brownish-gray with some light yellowish-brown very friable 
 
 silt loam. Well-developed fine granular structure. High 
 content of organic matter. Numerous fibrous roots, par- 
 tially decomposed leaves, and twigs. 
 
 513 Ai 2-7 Light yellowish-brown very friable silt loam. Moderately 
 
 developed very fine granular structure; a few dusky-brown 
 specks. Small roots numerous; a few wormholes and worm 
 casts. Volume weight 3-6 inches — 1.37. 
 
 514 A 2 7-11 Moderate yellowish-brown very friable silt loam. Weakly 
 
 developed medium granular structure. Small dusky-brown 
 specks throughout soil mass. Volume weight 8-11 inches — 
 1.45. 
 
 515 A 2 11-13 Light yellowish-brown slightly hard silt loam. Weakly de- 
 
 veloped medium to coarse granular structure with a few 
 faint very pale brown silty coatings on the aggregate sur- 
 faces. Dusky-brown specks throughout soil mass; roots 
 numerous, no wormholes or casts. 
 
 516 A 3 13-16 Moderate yellowish-brown slightly hard silty clay loam, 
 
 light yellowish-brown when crushed. Moderately developed 
 fine blocky structure; aggregates lightly coated in places 
 with very pale brown silty material. Small dusky-brown 
 flecks throughout soil mass. Roots moderately abundant. 
 Volume weight 1.55. 
 
1955] 
 
 Detailed Field Descriptions of Soils 
 
 57 
 
 Sample Ho- 
 
 
 No. r/zon 
 
 Inches 
 
 517 B, 
 
 16-18 
 
 518 B, 18-21 
 
 519 B 2 21-24 
 
 520 B 2 24-27 
 
 521 B 2 27-30 
 
 522 B 2 30-34 
 
 523 B 3 34-39 
 
 524 B 3 39-44 
 
 525 
 
 44-50 
 
 Light yellowish-brown (90%), moderate brown (5%), 
 dusky-brown (5%), hard silty clay loam. Well-developed 
 medium blocky structure; aggregates heavily coated with 
 very pale brown silty material and in places with moderate 
 yellowish-brown clayey material. Roots moderately abun- 
 dant. Volume weight 17-20 inches — 1.56. 
 
 Light yellowish-brown (40%), moderate yellowish-brown 
 (30%), moderate brown (10%), very pale brown (10%), 
 dusky brown and strong brown (10%), hard silty clay loam. 
 Well-developed medium blocky structure; aggregates 
 heavily coated with very pale brown silty material. Roots 
 moderately abundant. 
 
 Color same as 18-21 inch layer but texture is heavier. 
 Well-developed medium to coarse blocky structure with 
 indistinct prismatic form. Some very pale brown silty 
 coating on the aggregates but most of the coating is mod- 
 erate brown material higher in clay than the interior of 
 the aggregates. Volume weight 22-25 inches — 1.58. 
 
 Very pale brown to yellowish-gray (60%), moderate yel- 
 lowish-brown (30%), dusky and strong brown (10%), hard 
 silty clay loam. Moderately developed coarse blocky struc- 
 ture, somewhat prismatic. Faint, very pale brown silty 
 coating on some aggregates; less moderate brown clayey 
 coating than in 21-27 inch layer. Volume weight 29-32 
 inches— 1.62. 
 
 Yellowish-gray (65%), moderate yellowish-brown (30%), 
 moderate and strong brown (5%), hard heavy silt loam. 
 Poorly developed coarse blocky structure. Faint and ir- 
 regular moderate brown clay coating on the aggregates. A 
 few dusky-brown specks and a few small roots. Volume 
 weight 35-38 inches— 1.62. 
 
 Yellowish-gray (75%), moderate yellowish-brown (20%), 
 dusky and strong brown (5%), hard heavy silt loam. 
 Poorly developed coarse blocky structure. Faint, irregular, 
 glossy strong brown and moderate brown coating on ag- 
 gregates. A few dusky-brown soft concretions throughout 
 the soil mass and a few dead roots on cleavage faces. 
 Volume weight 40-43 inches — 1.63. 
 
 Yellowish-gray (75%), moderate yellowish-brown (20%), 
 dusky-brown (5%), hard heavy silt loam with some sand 
 and chert fragments. Weakly developed coarse blocky 
 structure. Dusky-brown or brownish-black coating on some 
 aggregates. Numerous small dusky brown concretions and 
 a few small dead roots. Interpreted as the A horizon of a 
 buried soil. Volume weight 46-49 inches — 1.71. 
 
 Profile No. 33, Project Z-l-2-8 
 
 Randolph county, Illinois Slope 5.5 percent NW 
 
 SE corner of the SW 10 of the NW 40 of the SW!4 Section 9, T 6 S, R 7 W. 
 Sample taken in an old pasture 150 feet W of the road, near the crest of a 
 rounded ridgetop 200 feet wide. The ridgetop has a minimum slope of 3 percent 
 and the hillsides a maximum slope of 15 percent. The vegetation of the pasture 
 was lespedeza, scattered bluegrass, and a liberal amount of bracted plantain and 
 whitetop meadow weed. The profile was moist 0-9 inches, dry 9-28 inches, and 
 moist below 28 inches. Sampled by E. P. Whiteside and W. D. Shrader, Sep- 
 tember 19, 1945. 
 
58 Bulletin No. 587 [May, 
 
 Sample Ho- 
 
 
 No. rizon 
 
 inches 
 
 526 Aa 
 
 0-5 
 
 Moderate yellowish-brown very friable silt loam. Moder- 
 ately developed fine granular structure. Very small dusky- 
 brown specks throughout the soil mass. Numerous fibrous 
 roots and a few worm casts. Volume weight 1-4 inches 
 
 — 1.51. 
 
 527 Aa 5-9 Light to moderate yellowish-brown very friable silt loam. 
 
 Slightly developed platy structure; moderately developed 
 fine granular when crushed. Very small dusky-brown specks. 
 Wormholes, worm casts, and fibrous roots numerous. 
 Volume weight 5-8 inches — 1.47. 
 
 528 A3 9-13 Light yellowish-brown slightly hard heavy silt loam with 
 
 some spots and streaks of very pale brown. Well-developed 
 fine blocky structure; aggregates moderately heavily coated 
 with very pale brown silty material. Small dusky-brown 
 specks same as in A 2 . Roots, wormholes and worm casts 
 less abundant. Volume weight 9-12 inches — 1.53. 
 
 529 Bi 13-17 Light yellowish-brown hard silty clay loam. Strongly de- 
 
 veloped fine blocky structure; aggregates strongly coated 
 with very pale brown (or, in places, moderate j'ellowish- 
 brown) silty material. Surfaces of aggregates seem slightly 
 higher in clay than interiors. Small dusky brown specks 
 same as in A 3 ; roots abundant, a few wormholes and casts. 
 Volume weight 15-18 inches — 1.64. 
 
 530 Bi 17-20 Light yellowish-brown hard silty clay loam. Strongly de- 
 
 veloped medium blocky structure; aggregates thinly coated 
 with moderate brown. Small dusky-brown specks same as 
 in 13-17 inch layer; roots moderately abundant, very few 
 wormholes and casts. 
 
 531 B 2 20-24 Moderate yellowish-brown hard silty clay loam. Strongly 
 
 developed medium blocky structure ; aggregates strongly 
 coated with moderate brown clayey material, in places an 
 overlay of pale brown silty material. Dusky-brown specks 
 less abundant than in 17-20 inch layer. A few small roots, 
 wormholes, and casts. Volume weight 21-24 inches — 1.63. 
 
 532 B 2 24-27 Moderate yellowish-brown (607c), light yellowish-brown 
 
 533 B 2 27-30 (30%), strong yellowish-brown (59c), very pale brown and 
 
 moderate brown (59c), firm silty clay loam. Well-developed 
 medium coarse blocky structure; aggregates uniformly 
 coated with moderate brown clayey material. A few veins 
 of very pale brown silty material. A few dusky-brown 
 specks, a few roots, no wormholes or casts. Volume weight 
 27-30 inches— 1.61. 
 
 534 B 2 30-34 Color similar to 24-30 inch layer but contains slightly less 
 
 light yellowish-brown. Firm silty clay loam. Moderately 
 developed coarse blocky structure; faces coated with mod- 
 erate brown clayey material. A few veins of very pale 
 brown silty material. Dusky-brown concretions same as in 
 24-30 inch layer; few roots. 
 
 535 B 3 34-40 Moderate yellowish-brown (709c), with streaks and spots 
 
 536 B s 40^6 of light yellowish-brown (259c), strong yellowish-brown 
 
 and dark yellowish-brown (59c), a few very narrow veins 
 of very pale brown, friable, heavy silt loam. Poorly de- 
 veloped coarse blocky structure; faces thinly coated in 
 places with moderate brown. Volume weight 34-37 inches 
 
 — 1.55; 40-43 inches — 1.54. 
 
1955] 
 
 Detailed Field Descriptions of Soils 
 
 59 
 
 Sample Ho- 
 No. rizon 
 
 537 C, 
 
 538 
 539 
 
 540 
 
 C, 
 C, 
 
 Inches 
 
 46-50 
 
 50-55 
 55-60 
 
 Similar to B:> but with slightly lower clay content. Volume 
 weight 46-49 inches — 1.54. 
 
 Moderate yellowish-brown (85%), light yellowish-brown 
 (12%), strong yellowish-brown and dark brown (3%), 
 friable silt loam. Poorly developed coarse blocky struc- 
 ture; some faces coated with black in the lower part of 
 horizon. A few very small, soft concretions. Volume weight 
 52-55 inches — 1.55. 
 
 60-70 This and 70-80 inch sample collected from bottom of pit 
 with a Retzer auger. Moderate yellowish-brown (90%), 
 light yellowish-brown (10%), very friable silt loam. Poorly 
 developed blocky structure, with black coatings on some of 
 the faces. 
 
 541 70-80 Similar to 60-70 inch layer. 
 
 Boring to 175 inches showed 80-95 inches to be similar to 60-70 inch layer; and 
 95-135 inches to be moderate brown friable silt loam with a few sand grains. 
 Below 135 inches the amount of sand increases with depth and in the 170-175 
 inch layer there are a few small pebbles. Moderate yellowish-brown from 160 
 to 175 inches. 
 
 Illinois State Profile No. T39 
 
 Warren county, Illinois Slope 6 percent SW 
 
 XE 10 of NE 40 of SE 1 ^, Section 9, T 11 X, R 3 W. Sample taken 31 rods W of 
 creek bridge, 9 rods W of top of steep slope, 6 feet into S bank of untraveled dirt 
 road, 4M> rods E of gateway into pasture on X side of road. Small elm and 
 basswood trees, hazel brush, weeds, and bluegrass. Sampled by H. L. Wascher, 
 P. T. Veale, and J. E. Gieseking, October 18, 1944. Colors determined on dry 
 laboratory samples by E. P. Whiteside and R. S. Smith, May 18, 1948. 
 
 Munsell 
 Sample Co/or 
 
 No. Inches Notation 
 
 17026 0-2 10 YR 5/2 Friable silt loam. 
 
 10YR 5/2 Friable silt loam, more yellowish when crushed. 
 
 17027 
 
 2-5 
 
 10YR 5/2 
 
 17028 
 
 5-8 
 
 10YR 6/3 
 
 17029 
 
 8-12 
 
 10YR 6/4 
 
 17030 
 
 12-14 
 
 10YR 6/4 
 
 17031 
 
 14-17 
 
 10YR 6/4 
 
 17032 
 
 17-19 
 
 10YR 6/5 
 
 17033 
 
 19-22 
 
 10YR 6/4 
 
 17034 
 
 22-25 
 
 10YR 6/5 
 
 17035 
 
 25-28 
 
 10YR 6/4 
 
 17036 
 
 28-31 
 
 " 
 
 17037 
 
 31-33 
 
 10YR 6/5 
 
 17038 
 
 33-35 
 
 10YR 6/6 
 
 17039 
 
 3^-37 
 
 10YR 7/6 
 
 17040 
 
 37-40 
 
 U 
 
 17041 
 
 40-43 
 
 " 
 
 17042 
 
 43-46 
 
 U 
 
 17043 
 
 46-50 
 
 (( 
 
 17044 
 
 50-55 
 
 tt 
 
 17045 
 
 55-60 
 
 « 
 
 Transition A to B. 
 
 Silty clay loam. Blocky structure 
 
 to 
 
 V2 inch in diameter, coated with light gray, moder- 
 ately resistant to crushing. 
 
 Silty clay loam. Blocky structure; aggregates % to 
 % inch in diameter at the top, larger and less dis- 
 tinct at the bottom, with some dark organic-matter 
 coating. 
 
60 
 
 Bulletin No. 587 
 
 [May, 
 
 Sample 
 No. 
 
 17046 
 17047 
 17048 
 17049 
 17050 
 17051 
 17052 
 
 Inches 
 
 60-70 
 
 70-80 
 
 80-90 
 
 90-100 
 
 100-110 
 
 110-120 
 
 125-140 
 
 Munsell 
 
 Co/or 
 Notation 
 10YR 7/6 Xoncalcareous silt loam. 
 
 10YR 6/4 
 
 to 7/6. 
 
 Calcareous silt loam 
 
 Illinois State Profile No. T40 
 
 Henderson county, Illinois Slope 6 percent S 
 
 NW 10 of NW 40 of XE 1 ^, Section 8, T 11 X. R 4 W. Forty rods S of section 
 line and 30 rods N of road corner, near top of slope. Sample from E bank of 
 
 road cut. Small wild cherry, boxelder, oak, and 
 
 weeds, and bluegrass. Sampled by H. L. Wascher, 
 
 king, October 19, 1944. Colors determined on dry laboratory 
 
 Whiteside and R. S. Smith, May 18, 1948. 
 
 hickory trees, sumac, briars, 
 
 P. T. Veale, and J. E. Giese- 
 
 amples by E. P. 
 
 17053 
 17054 
 
 17055 
 17056 
 17057 
 
 17058 
 
 17059 
 17060 
 17061 
 17062 
 
 17063 
 17064 
 17065 
 17066 
 
 17067 
 17068 
 17069 
 17070 
 
 17071 
 17072 
 17073 
 17074 
 
 17075 95-105 
 
 0-4 
 
 4-9 
 
 9-12 
 
 12-15 
 15-18 
 
 18-21 
 
 21-24 
 24-27 
 27-30 
 30-32 
 
 32-34 
 34-36 
 36-38 
 38-40 
 
 40-44 
 
 44-48 
 48-52 
 52-56 
 
 56-60 
 60-70 
 70-80 
 80-90 
 
 10YR 5/2 
 10YR 5/3 
 
 10YR 5/3 
 10YR 6/4 
 10YR 5/4 
 
 10YR 5/5 
 
 10YR 5/4 
 10YR 5/5 
 10YR 5/4 
 
 10YR 5/4 
 10YR 6/4 
 
 10YR 6/4 
 
 Friable silt loam. 
 
 Friable silt loam. 
 
 Friable silt loam. 
 
 diameter, crushing easily, 
 
 to V-2 inch in 
 lightly gray-coated. 
 
 Light silty clay loam. Aggregates less well-de- 
 veloped than in 17059, and with some moderate to 
 dark brown coating. 
 
 Heavy silt loam. Irregular aggregates, 2 to 3 inches 
 in diameter, with some gray coating. 
 
 10YR 6/5 Friable silt loam. 
 
 Calcareous silt loam. 
 
 Illinois State Profile No. T44 
 
 Jersey county, Illinois Slope 1 percent NE 
 
 \K 10 of SE 40 of NE%, Section 27, T 8 X. R 13 W. Sample taken on top of a 
 narrow, nearly level ridge. Sampled by E. A. Xorton, October 24, 1928. Colors 
 determined on dry laboratory samples by E. P. Whiteside and R. S. Smith, May 
 18. 1948. 
 
 Sample 
 
 No. Inches 
 13095 0-6 
 
 Munsell 
 
 Color 
 Notation 
 
 10YR 7/3 
 
 Friable silt loam, 
 black spots. 
 
 Faintly platy, with dark brown to 
 
1955] 
 
 Detailed Field Descriptions of Soils 
 
 Gl 
 
 
 
 Munsell 
 
 Sample 
 
 
 Co/or 
 
 No. 
 
 Inches 
 
 Notation 
 
 13096 
 
 6-14 
 
 10YR 6/5 
 
 13097 
 
 14-29 
 
 10YR 6/5 
 
 13098 29-36 10YR 5/5 
 
 13099 
 
 36-59 
 
 10YR 6/6 
 
 13100 
 
 59-73 
 
 10YR 6/5 
 
 13101 
 
 73-88 
 
 10YR 6/4 
 
 Friable silt loam. Structureless, specked with gray. 
 
 Silty clay loam. Blocky. with some gray coating, 
 dark brown to black spots. 
 
 Silty clay loam. Blocky, faintly prismatic, aggre- 
 gates J /4 to % inches in diameter. A few dark brown 
 to black spots. 
 
 Silt loam. 
 
 Silt loam. 
 
 Calcareous silt loam. 
 
 Illinois State Profile No. T45 
 
 Madison county, Illinois Slope 6.5 percent 
 
 SE 10 of SE 40 of SW 1 ^, Section 8, T 5 X, R 8 W. Sample taken 20 rods S of 
 bridge on W side of X-S road within 4 rods of top of rounded ridge. Ridge 21 
 rods wide between drainage lines, lower slopes of ridge about 21-percent slopes. 
 Sampled by R. H. Bray, E. E. DeTurk, R. T. Odell, G. D. Smith, R. S. Smith, 
 and H. L. Wascher, X'ovember 10, 1938. Colors determined on dry laboratory 
 
 and R. S. Smith, May 12. 1948. 
 
 Friable silt loam. 
 
 Friable silt loam, platy in places. 
 
 Silt loam, faintly blocky. 
 
 Mixed silt and silty clay, weakly blocky, faces 
 strongly gray-coated, upper 3 inches more silty than 
 
 samples by E. P. Whiteside 
 15841 0-6 10YR 6/3 
 6-12 
 12-14 
 
 15842 
 15843 
 
 15844 
 15845 
 
 15846 
 15847 
 15848 
 
 15849 
 15850 
 15851 
 
 15852 
 15853 
 
 15854 
 15855 
 
 14-17 
 17-20 
 
 10YR 6/4 
 10YR 6/5 
 10YR 7/4 
 
 lower 3. 
 
 20-23 
 23-26 
 26-29 
 
 29-32 
 32-35 
 35-40 
 
 40-45 
 45-50 
 
 50-55 
 55-60 
 
 10YR 6/5 Silty clay loam. Blocky aggregates V2 to % inches, 
 lightly gray-coated, lower 6 inches lightly coated 
 " with moderate brown. Aggregates a little larger in 
 
 lower 3 inches. 
 
 10YR 6/5 
 
 10YR 6/6 
 
 10YR 6/6 
 10YR 6/5 
 
 10YR 6/4 
 10YR 6/5 
 
 Silty clay loam, 
 inch horizon. 
 
 Aggregates larger than in 20-29 
 
 15856 60-70 10YR 6/5 
 
 Clayey silt loam. Massive with some fissure faces. 
 
 Friable silt loam. Gray spots; black coating in a 
 few root channels. 
 
 Friable silt loam. Massive; gray a little more pro- 
 nounced than in 50-60 inch layer. 
 
 Iowa State Profile No. P32 
 
 Tamo county, Iowa Slope 3 percent SE 
 
 Five hundred-fifty foot west and 100 feet south of NE comer of XE 40 of SW 1 ,. 
 Sec. 2. T 83 X, R 16 W. A gently rolling to rolling dissected loess plain with 
 good drainage. Open stand of oak-hickory, many elms and herbaceous plants in 
 the open spaces. Sampled by R. W. Simonson, August 24, 1938. 
 Horizon Inches 
 Ai 0-2 Weak brown silt loam, browner when crushed. Fine crumb 
 
 structure; aggregates soft, with numerous plant roots. About 1 
 inch of leaf Utter on the surface. 
 
62 Bulletin No. 587 [May, 
 
 Horizon Inches 
 A 2 2-4 Light brownish-gray silt loam. Fine platy structure; aggregates 
 
 small, vesicular, lightly coated with light gray, crushing with 
 slight resistance. A few filled worm burrows; plant roots less 
 abundant than in 0-2 inch layer. 
 
 A 2 4-11 Light brownish-gray and pale brown silt loam, friable, floury 
 
 when dry. Fine platy structure; aggregates vesicular, coarser in 
 lower part, coated with light gray. Tree roots and worm burrows 
 numerous. 
 
 A 3 11-16 Light to moderate yellowish-brown light silty clay loam, lighter 
 
 when crushed. Irregular medium blocky structure ; aggregates 
 larger in lower part, vesicular, with some light gray coating. 
 
 B 2 16-22 Moderate yellowish-brown silty clay loam, lighter when crushed. 
 
 Medium blocky structure; aggregates vesicular, sprinkled with 
 gray. A few worm burrows. 
 
 B 2 22-33 Moderate brown silty clay loam, lighter when crushed. Mixed 
 medium and fine subangular blocky structure; aggregates mod- 
 erately vesicular. Firm when moist, plastic when wet. 
 
 B 3 33-45 Moderate to light yellowish-brown silty clay loam. Coarse blocky 
 structure; aggregates vesicular, firm when moist, plastic when 
 wet, coated with dark yellowish-brown. Small dark brown con- 
 cretions and weak orange mottles. 
 
 C 45-60 Light yellowish-brown silt loam. Weakly developed coarse 
 
 blocky structure; aggregates vesicular, firm to friable when moist, 
 with some dark yellowish-brown coating, and with small weak 
 orange mottles. Worm burrows abundant. 
 
 Iowa State Profile No. P91 
 
 Mar/on county, Iowa Slope 4 to 5 percent 
 
 Sec. 23, T 76 N, R 19 W. Sample site in bluegrass sod along W side of gravel 
 road through N center of section about 180 feet E of W side of farmstead site. 
 Topography of area rolling; sample site on a ridge 100 to 150 feet wide with a 
 relief of about 50 feet. Surface horizon apparently slightly disturbed; profile 
 dry to slightly moist. Sampled by F. F. Riecken and C. StoufTer, August 20. 1943. 
 
 Sample 
 No. Horizon Inches 
 
 1 Ai 0-3 Pale brown to light yellowish-brown, with some weak 
 
 brown, friable silt loam. Fine granular to fine crumb 
 aggregates. Bluegrass roots numerous. 
 
 2 Ai 3-6 Very pale brown to light yellowish-brown, with some 
 
 weak brown, friable silt loam. Fine granular structure; 
 aggregates with some gray coating. 
 
 3 Ai 6-9 Very pale brown, with some weak brown, silt loam. 
 
 Medium platy, especially in lower part ; aggregates 
 vesicular and with heavier gray coating than in 3-6 
 inch layer. Some grass roots. 
 
 4 A 2 9-12 Same as 6-9 inch layer except structure more strongly 
 
 developed. 
 
 5 A 2 12-15 Moderate to light yellowish-brown friable silt loam. 
 
 weaker shade when crushed. Blocky structure; aggre- 
 gates fine to very fine, moderately hard when dry. 
 moderately gray-coated. 
 
1055] 
 
 Detailed Field Descriptions of Soils 
 
 63 
 
 Somple 
 
 
 
 No. 
 
 Horizon 
 
 Inches 
 
 6 
 
 B, 
 
 15-18 
 
 7 
 
 Ba 
 
 18-21 
 
 8 
 
 B 2 
 
 21-24 
 
 9 
 
 B 2 
 
 24-28 
 
 10 
 
 B 2 
 
 28-32 
 
 11 
 
 B> 
 
 32-36 
 
 12 
 
 B a 
 
 36-40 
 
 13 
 
 Ba 
 
 40-45 
 
 14 
 
 C, 
 
 45-50 
 
 15 
 
 c, 
 
 50-55 
 
 16 
 
 Ci 
 
 55-60 
 
 17 
 
 C, or C, 
 
 60-65 
 
 18 
 
 Ci or C 
 
 65-70 
 
 19 
 
 C, or C 2 
 
 70-75 
 
 20 
 
 Ci or C 2 
 
 85-95 
 
 Moderate yellowish-brown friable silty clay loam. 
 Blocky structure; small angular aggregates, well-de- 
 veloped, hard when dry, moderately gray-coated. 
 
 Moderate yellowish-brown, moderately plastic medium 
 to heavy silty clay loam; moist color moderate brown. 
 Blocky structure; angular aggregates, well-developed, 
 very hard when dry, gray-coated. 
 
 Similar to 21-28 inch subhorizons but with some olive- 
 gray spots and less prominent gray coating. 
 
 Similar to 28-32 inch subhorizon. A few black concre- 
 tions. Aggregates weakly developed, medium, angular 
 to subangular and blocky, slightly hard when dry. 
 
 Moderate yellowish-brown and pale olive medium to 
 slightly plastic medium silty clay loam. Medium 
 blocky structure; aggregates vesicular. 
 
 Variegated moderate to light yellowish-brown and pale 
 olive light friable silty clay loam. Medium contrast, 
 yellow and strong brown mottling. Medium to coarse 
 blocky aggregates along root channels only; otherwise 
 massive. 
 
 Mixed light yellowish-brown and pale olive friable 
 light silty clay loam. Strong brown and yellow mot- 
 tling. Massive except blocky along root channels. Soft, 
 black concretions. 
 
 Similar to 45-60 inch horizon except that root channels 
 are absent, lower part of layer is friable heavy silt 
 loam, and layer is vesicular. 
 
 Iowa State Profile No. P96 
 
 Mahaska county, Iowa Slope about 7 percent 
 
 NW corner of XE 1 ^, Sec. 16, T 76 X, R 17 W. Sample taken in roadside bank 
 with 7-foot ditch after removing outer 1 to 2 feet of bank. Vegetation white 
 oak, hazelbrush, and bluegrass. Topography of region rolling to hilly with 
 rounded ridges; parent material Peorian loess. Sampled by F. F. Riecken, A. M. 
 O'Neal, and C. Stouffer, August 28, 1943. 
 
 1 Ai 0-4 Weak to dark brown silt loam with weak brown in 
 
 lower 2 inches. Crushed color slightly weaker. Fine 
 granular structure; crushes easily. Tree and grass roots 
 abundant. 
 
 2 Ai 4-8 Pale brown silt loam. Fine granular and weakly de- 
 
 veloped medium platy structure. Grass roots less 
 abundant than above. 
 
 3 A 2 8-12 Light yellowish-brown to very pale brown silt loam. 
 
 Fine granular and weakly developed medium platy 
 structure. Some gray coating. 
 
 4 A 3 12-15 Light yellowish-brown silt loam. Weaker color when 
 
 crushed. Moderately developed fine subangular blocky 
 aggregates, strongly coated with gray, hard when dry. 
 
 5 B 2 15-18 Light to moderate yellowish-brown light silty clay 
 
 loam. Crushes to light yellowish-brown. Fine sub- 
 angular blocky aggregates, heavily gray-coated. 
 
64 Bulletin Xo. 587 [May, 
 
 Sample 
 No. Horizon Inches 
 
 6 B 2 18-21 Moderate yellowish-brown, medium to heavy silty 
 
 7 B 2 21-24 clay loam. Subangular to angular blocky aggregates, 
 
 8 B 2 24-27 very hard when dry, moderately plastic when wet; 
 
 crushing to light yellowish-brown. 
 
 9 B 3 27-30 Moderate yellowish-brown, medium to heavy silty 
 
 clay loam. Medium to coarse blocky aggregates which 
 break down into fine to medium subangular to angular 
 blocky aggregates. A few pale olive mottlings. 
 
 10 B 3 30-34 Similar to 27-30 inch layer. Weakly developed pris- 
 
 matic form. Fine tree and grass roots follow cleavage 
 planes. 
 
 11 B 3 or Ci 34-38 Moderate yellowish-brown to dark yellowish-brown 
 
 silty clay loam. Pale olive, yellowish-gray, and weak 
 yellow mottling fairly prominent. Aggregates slightly 
 prismatic, break down into coarse cubic blocky shapes. 
 Roots follow the macroprismatic cleavage planes. Some 
 gray coating and small black specks. 
 
 12 B 3 or Ci 38-42 Similar to above subhorizon except that yellowish-gray 
 
 and pale olive are more prominent. 
 
 13 Ci 42-47 Mixed light yellowish-gray and dusky yellow light 
 
 14 Ci 47-52 silty clay loam with some dark yellowish-brown on the 
 
 cleavage faces. Cleavage faces along root channels 
 and on an occasional blocky aggregate. Small black 
 concretions throughout mass. 
 
 15 Ci 52-57 Light yellowish-brown and yellowish-gray light silty 
 
 clay loam, with dusky yellow and strong brown 
 mottles. Friable and slightly plastic. Massive, vesicular. 
 
 Similar to above horizon except dominantly yellowish- 
 gray and heavy silt loam. Strong brown mottlings and 
 black concretions. 
 
 Iowa State Profile No. P101 
 
 Allamakee county, Iowa Slope 3 percent SW 
 
 SE% of the NWy 4 of the NE%, Sec. 14, T 96 X, R 4 W. A dissected loess plain, 
 loess 9 feet thick, calcareous at 68 inches, on limestone bedrock with a 9-inch 
 layer of what appeared to be till on the bedrock. The vegetation is oak. shell- 
 bark hickory, basswood, and elm with an undergrowth of blackberry, hazel brush, 
 ferns, and a little grass. The pit was dug on crest of a narrow ridge with sharp 
 slopes to the SE and XW. Sampled by R. W. Simonson. C. E. Hutton. and 
 G. A. Swenson, July 12, 1939. 
 Horizon Inches 
 A ,Ai 0-1 Dark gray silt loam with ^-inch layer of leaf litter and mull. 
 
 Very fine soft crumb structure; grayish-brown when crushed. 
 
 Plant roots abundant. 
 
 A 2 1-3 Gray to light gray silt loam, darker in upper part of horizon, 
 
 very Light gray when dry. Phylliform, crumb structure; abro- 
 gates vesicular, crush easily. Some fine plant roots. 
 
 A 2 7-8 Light gray silt loam, floury when crushed. Fine phylliform struc- 
 
 ture, vesicular in a few places. A few plant roots. 
 
 Bi 9-10 Yellowish-gray silt loam, mixed with light brown and gray. 
 
 Phylliform structure; aggregates coarse and fine nut, vesicular. 
 
 16 
 
 C l0 rC 2 
 
 57-^3 
 
 17 
 
 Ci or C 2 
 
 63-70 
 
 18 
 
 Ci or C 2 
 
 70-80 
 
 19 
 
 Ci or C 2 
 
 80-90 
 
1955] 
 
 Detailed Field Descriptions of Soils 
 
 65 
 
 Horizon 
 
 B 2 
 
 B a 
 
 B 3 
 
 C\ 
 
 c, 
 
 Inches 
 19-20 
 
 31-33 
 
 42-44 
 
 52-54 
 
 66-68 
 
 80+ 
 
 Dark yellowish-brown silty clay loam. Nut structure; aggregates 
 vesicular, % to % inch in diameter, heavily gray-coated, crushing 
 with moderate resistance to crumbs and granules. A few small 
 brown and black concretions. A few roots and worm burrows. 
 
 Dark yellowish-brown silty clay loam. Subangular nut structure. 
 Aggregates % to V2 inch in diameter with some gray coating in 
 upper part; crush with moderate resistance to crumbs. Many 
 small black concretions. 
 
 Light yellowish-brown silt loam. Large blocky structure, breaks 
 down easily to indistinct nut or crumb. Aggregate faces coated 
 with dark yellowish-brown. Numerous brown concretions, occa- 
 sional roots, usually V^ to % inch in diameter. 
 
 Light yellowish-brown silt loam. More friable than horizon 
 above. Massive but breaks into large aggregates 2 inches or 
 more in diameter, vesicular, coated wth dark yellowish-brown. 
 Worm holes common. 
 
 Similar to 52-54 inch layer except a little dark yellowish-brown 
 coating. Tree roots rare. Effervesces at 68 inches. 
 
 Very light yellowish-brown silt. Massive, breaks down readily 
 to a floury mass when dry. A little gray mottling. Effervesces. 
 
66 Bulletin No. 587 [May, 
 
 APPENDIX B: LABORATORY PROCEDURES 
 
 The laboratory methods used on the Z-l-2-8 project profiles, the four 
 Illinois state profiles, and the four Iowa state profiles were similar except for 
 the minor details indicated below. Analyses from the three sources are con- 
 sidered to be directly comparable. 
 
 Laboratory Procedures Used With the Z-l-2-8 Samples 
 
 The soil samples were prepared for analysis by crushing the clods or ag- 
 gregates with a wooden roller and passing the crushed air-dry sample through 
 a 2-mm. sieve. The portion not passing through the sieve was weighed and 
 recorded. Subsamples of the material 2 mm. or less in diameter were used 
 for all analyses. 
 
 For mechanical analysis 10-gm. samples of air-dry soil were weighed into 
 tared 250-ml. electrolytic beakers, dried overnight, cooled, and weighed to the 
 nearest milligram. 
 
 Organic matter was destroyed by digesting for several hours in a covered 
 beaker with approximately 6 percent hydrogen peroxide. The soluble material 
 was then removed by washing 3 to 5 times by means of an "F" fineness 
 Pasteur-Chamberland clay filter. The beaker and soil were again dried and 
 weighed. The loss in weight after correction for loss by solution was taken as 
 organic matter by H2O2. 
 
 The samples, after removal of the organic matter, were dispersed by 
 adding 10 ml. of dispersing agent and shaking overnight. The dispersing agent 
 was prepared by dissolving 35.7 gm. of sodium hexametaphosphate and 7.94 
 gm. of sodium carbonate in a liter of water. 
 
 The sands were separated from silt and clay by wet sieving (using a 300- 
 mesh sieve), and separated into the sand fractions by dry sieving. The silt and 
 clay fractions were determined by sedimentation, using the pipette method. 
 
 The exchangeable ions were determined by a modification of Mehlich's 
 method employing a leaching solution of 1N.KC1 buffered at pH S.2 with 
 triethanolamine. 
 
 Exchangeable hydrogen was determined by leaching a 10-gm. sample of 
 air-dry soil with 50 ml. of leaching solution followed by washing with 50 ml. 
 of unbuffered 1N.KC1. To the leachate and washings was added a given vol- 
 ume of standard acid followed by back titration of the excess acid with 
 standard alkali. Exchangeable calcium was determined by precipitation with 
 oxalate and titration with permanganate. Exchangeable magnesium was de- 
 termined in the filtrate by precipitation as magnesium ammonium phosphate, 
 drying the precipitate at room temperature, and determining the magnesium 
 by adding an excess of standard acid, and back titrating with standard 
 alkali. 
 
 The pH was determined on duplicate 10-gm. samples with a glass elec- 
 trode immersed in 1 : 1 soil-water suspension. 
 
 Laboratory Procedures Used With the Illinois State Samples 
 
 For mechanical analysis, samples of Profile Nos. T39, T40, and T45 were 
 pretreated with H2O2 and HC1, dispersed with NaOH, and analyzed by the 
 pipette method. Sands were determined by wet screening. Sample T44 was not 
 pretreated and was dispersed with Na2CO:i. 
 
1055] Laboratory Procedures 67 
 
 Exchangeable cations were determined by standard methods used in the 
 laboratories of the University of Illinois Department of Agronomy. 
 
 The carbon content was determined with the procedure outlined by 
 Winters and Smith in Jour. Inci. and Eng. Chem. Anal. Ed., 1:202-203, 1929. 
 
 Laboratory Procedures Used With the Iowa State Samples 
 
 For mechanical analysis 10-gm. samples were treated with H2O2 on a 
 steam chest to destroy organic matter. The samples were then suspended in 
 water and titrated with NaOH until pink to phenolphthalein. Ten cc. of dis- 
 persing solution (35 gm. sodium hexametaphosphate and 8 gm. of sodium 
 carbonate per liter) were then added and the suspensions placed in an end- 
 over-end shaker for 20 to 24 hours. The suspensions were then made up to 
 900 cc. and 2/x clay determined by the pipette method. Total sands were 
 determined by wet sieving the suspension after removing the aliquot for clay. 
 
 Two-tenths micron clay was determined by following the procedure out- 
 lined by E. W. Russell, Jour. Agr. Sci., 33:147-154, 1943. NaOH was used 
 as the dispersing agent following HC1 washing of the sample. Five cc. aliquots 
 of the suspension were used. 
 
 Replaceable bases were determined in 10-gm. samples by leaching in 
 carbon funnels with 300-400 cc. of IN ammonium acetate (pH 7). The 
 leachate was divided into 2 equal parts. One part was evaporated to dryness, 
 the organic matter destroyed by ignition over a gas burner, the residue taken 
 up with HC1, and the Ca and Mg determined volumetrically. The other part 
 was dried and the organic matter destroyed by H2O2. The residue was taken 
 up with a definite volume of water and K determined in an aliquot by a 
 volumetric cobaltinitrite procedure. 
 
 Replaceable hydrogen was determined in 10-gm. samples by leaching with 
 150 cc. of N barium acetate (pH 7). The leachate was titrated with NaOH 
 until pink to phenolphthalein. The amount of NaOH required to produce the 
 same end point in the same volume of stock barium-acetate solution was 
 deducted to give the volume of NaOH equivalent to the H replaced from the 
 sample. This procedure gives results about 25 percent lower than the KC1 
 triethanolamine procedure. 
 
 Organic carbon was determined by dry combustion, using M11O2 as a 
 catalyst and determining the CO2 evolved gravimetrically. 
 
 Nitrogen was determined by the Kjeldahl method, using copper sulfate 
 and sodium sulfate in the digestion mixture. 
 
 The pH was determined with an L and N glass electrode in a 1:1 suspen- 
 sion. Laboratory distilled water was used and the suspensions were allowed to 
 stand 1 hour before the measurements were taken. 
 
APPENDIX C: ANALYTICAL DATA FOR SOILS 
 
 Composition of Z-l-2-8 Profiles 
 
 Sample 
 No. 
 
 Depth 
 
 Sand Silt 
 >50fi 2-50 fx 
 
 Fine 
 
 silt 
 
 2-20 M 
 
 Material 
 <5n 
 
 Clay 
 
 <2 M 
 
 Organic 
 matter 
 by H2O2 
 
 Exchangeable 
 
 Ca 
 
 Mg 
 
 pH 
 
 Profile No. 2, Richland county, Wisconsin 
 
 
 inches 
 
 % 
 
 % 
 
 % 
 
 % 
 
 % 
 
 % 
 
 m.e. 
 
 m.e. 
 
 m.e. 
 
 Of 
 
 /c 
 
 
 1 
 
 0-2 
 
 7.3 
 
 77.8 
 
 38.9 
 
 21.8 
 
 14.9 
 
 3.5 
 
 1.9 
 
 9.2 
 
 3.9 
 
 87 
 
 7.5 
 
 2 
 
 2-8 
 
 11.0 
 
 73.4 
 
 36.0 
 
 22.4 
 
 15.6 
 
 1.5 
 
 2.6 
 
 6.9 
 
 2.1 
 
 78 
 
 7.1 
 
 3 
 
 . . 8-10 
 
 8.2 
 
 76.6 
 
 39.9 
 
 21.8 
 
 15.2 
 
 1.1 
 
 3.7 
 
 5.9 
 
 .8 
 
 64 
 
 6.4 
 
 4 
 
 . . 10-14 
 
 5.2 
 
 74.8 
 
 41.0 
 
 28.0 
 
 20.0 
 
 .7 
 
 4.9 
 
 6.2 
 
 1.7 
 
 62 
 
 5.7 
 
 0. . . . 
 
 . . 14-18 
 
 4.9 
 
 70.3 
 
 38.0 
 
 31.7 
 
 24.8 
 
 .4 
 
 5.9 
 
 6.5 
 
 3.2 
 
 62 
 
 5.3 
 
 6 
 
 . . 18-23 
 
 4.7 
 
 68.7 
 
 36.4 
 
 33.5 
 
 26.6 
 
 .0 
 
 7.3 
 
 6.8 
 
 3.8 
 
 59 
 
 5.0 
 
 7 
 
 . . 23-29 
 
 5.2 
 
 66.6 
 
 32.9 
 
 33.8 
 
 28.2 
 
 .4 
 
 7.8 
 
 7.5 
 
 4.3 
 
 60 
 
 4.8 
 
 8 
 
 . . 29-36 
 
 3.5 
 
 68.6 
 
 33.0 
 
 33.2 
 
 27.9 
 
 .0 
 
 7.6 
 
 8.0 
 
 4.2 
 
 61 
 
 4.9 
 
 9 
 
 . . 36-45 
 
 12.4 
 
 66.4 
 
 32.7 
 
 25.7 
 
 21.2 
 
 
 
 5.9 
 
 6.1 
 
 2.6 
 
 60 
 
 4.7 
 
 10 
 
 . . 45-56 
 
 8.7 
 
 68.1 
 
 39.8 
 
 29.8 
 
 23.2 
 
 
 
 5.7 
 
 6.0 
 
 3.4 
 
 62 
 
 5 
 
 
 
 
 Profile No. 
 
 3, Grant county, Wisconsin 
 
 
 
 
 11 
 
 .. 0-6 
 
 8.2 
 
 77.9 
 
 55.5 
 
 21.0 
 
 13.9 
 
 2.2 
 
 6.2 
 
 7.2 
 
 .9 
 
 57 
 
 6.4 
 
 12 
 
 6-12 
 
 4.8 
 
 79.5 
 
 43.6 
 
 23.1 
 
 15.7 
 
 .0 
 
 3.3 
 
 5.4 
 
 .3 
 
 63 
 
 6.1 
 
 13 
 
 . . 12-18 
 
 8.0 
 
 70.2 
 
 36.9 
 
 28.7 
 
 21.8 
 
 .3 
 
 4.2 
 
 6.1 
 
 2.1 
 
 66 
 
 5.3 
 
 14 
 
 . . 18-24 
 
 7.7 
 
 65.4 
 
 32.7 
 
 33.3 
 
 26.9 
 
 .3 
 
 6.8 
 
 7.0 
 
 3.1 
 
 60 
 
 4.9 
 
 15 
 
 . . 24-30 
 
 7.5 
 
 61.4 
 
 29.1 
 
 36.2 
 
 31.1 
 
 .3 
 
 9.1 
 
 8.1 
 
 3.5 
 
 56 
 
 4.7 
 
 16 
 
 . . 30-34 
 
 7.3 
 
 62.9 
 
 28.7 
 
 34.8 
 
 29.8 
 
 .2 
 
 8.6 
 
 8.7 
 
 4.2 
 
 60 
 
 4.7 
 
 17 
 
 . . 34-39 
 
 7.1 
 
 62.5 
 
 30.1 
 
 35.4 
 
 30.4 
 
 .1 
 
 8.3 
 
 9.4 
 
 4.4 
 
 62 
 
 4.7 
 
 18 
 
 . . 39-45 
 
 6.8 
 
 65.1 
 
 29.0 
 
 33.3 
 
 28.1 
 
 
 
 6.8 
 
 9.8 
 
 3.8 
 
 67 
 
 4.9 
 
 19 
 
 . . 45-52 
 
 6.8 
 
 62.7 
 
 29.8 
 
 36.1 
 
 30.5 
 
 
 
 6.9 
 
 10.4 
 
 3.1 
 
 66 
 
 4.9 
 
 
 
 
 Profile No. 
 
 4, Grant county, Wisconsin 
 
 
 
 
 20. .. 
 
 0-1 
 
 9.8 
 
 72.9 
 
 38.4 
 
 24.4 
 
 17.3 
 
 6.2 
 
 5.9 
 
 11.5 
 
 2.2 
 
 70 
 
 6.5 
 
 21. . . 
 
 1-3 
 
 8.5 
 
 75.0 
 
 38.6 
 
 24.4 
 
 16.5 
 
 3.8 
 
 5.1 
 
 8.6 
 
 2.0 
 
 68 
 
 6.4 
 
 22. . . 
 
 . . 3-5 
 
 8.1 
 
 76.0 
 
 38.4 
 
 22.9 
 
 15.9 
 
 2.4 
 
 6.1 
 
 4.6 
 
 1.1 
 
 48 
 
 5.9 
 
 23. . . 
 
 .. 5-8 
 
 7.9 
 
 77.5 
 
 39.3 
 
 21.6 
 
 14.6 
 
 1.1 
 
 5.4 
 
 3.5 
 
 .6 
 
 43 
 
 5.2 
 
 24. . . 
 
 . . 8-11 
 
 8.5 
 
 76.1 
 
 38.4 
 
 22.1 
 
 15.4 
 
 .9 
 
 5.8 
 
 2.6 
 
 .6 
 
 36 
 
 4.8 
 
 25 . . . 
 
 .. 11-14 
 
 7.8 
 
 72.8 
 
 34.9 
 
 25.1 
 
 19.4 
 
 .7 
 
 6.9 
 
 2.8 
 
 1.1 
 
 36 
 
 4.5 
 
 26. . . 
 
 . . 14-17 
 
 6.7 
 
 72.2 
 
 33.9 
 
 26.6 
 
 21.1 
 
 .4 
 
 6.4 
 
 4.0 
 
 2.1 
 
 49 
 
 4.5 
 
 27. .. 
 
 . . 17-19 
 
 8.9 
 
 66.8 
 
 31.1 
 
 29.4 
 
 24.3 
 
 .3 
 
 5.8 
 
 5.8 
 
 2.8 
 
 60 
 
 4.8 
 
 28. .. 
 
 . . 19-23 
 
 9.4 
 
 64.3 
 
 28.3 
 
 30.5 
 
 26.3 
 
 .3 
 
 6.9 
 
 7.2 
 
 2.7 
 
 59 
 
 4.8 
 
 29 
 
 . . 23-27 
 
 9.6 
 
 62.5 
 
 26.5 
 
 31.6 
 
 27.9 
 
 .3 
 
 7.1 
 
 8.6 
 
 3.5 
 
 63 
 
 4.7 
 
 30 
 
 . . 27-31 
 
 8.6 
 
 62.7 
 
 26.4 
 
 32.4 
 
 28.7 
 
 .2 
 
 6.8 
 
 9.2 
 
 3.8 
 
 66 
 
 4.8 
 
 31 
 
 . . 31-34 
 
 7.6 
 
 62.5 
 
 26.9 
 
 33.7 
 
 29.9 
 
 .3 
 
 7.3 
 
 9.9 
 
 3.2 
 
 63 
 
 4.8 
 
 32 
 
 . . 34-39 
 
 8.5 
 
 65.8 
 
 29.1 
 
 31.8 
 
 25.7 
 
 .5 
 
 6.6 
 
 9.5 
 
 4.0 
 
 67 
 
 4.8 
 
 33 
 
 . . 39-45 
 
 6.3 
 
 65.4 
 
 27.2 
 
 33.1 
 
 28.3 
 
 .3 
 
 6.3 
 
 11.2 
 
 4.0 
 
 71 
 
 4.8 
 
 34 
 
 . . 45-51 
 
 6.1 
 
 66.7 
 
 28.2 
 
 31.7 
 
 27.2 
 
 .4 
 
 5.2 
 
 10.7 
 
 4.1 
 
 74 
 
 5.0 
 
 35 
 
 . . 60-72 
 
 5.0 
 
 71.1 
 
 29.3 
 
 28.3 
 
 23.9 
 
 .1 
 
 3.9 
 
 10.0 
 
 4.1 
 
 78 
 
 5.1 
 
 
 
 
 Profile No. 
 
 5, Grant county, Wisconsin 
 
 
 
 
 36. . . 
 
 0-4 
 
 6.9 
 
 79.9 
 
 37.5 
 
 19.5 
 
 13.2 
 
 2.8 
 
 3.6 
 
 6.3 
 
 4.1 
 
 74 
 
 6.6 
 
 37... 
 
 4-8 
 
 6.9 
 
 81.3 
 
 38.7 
 
 18.7 
 
 11.8 
 
 2.0 
 
 3.8 
 
 5.7 
 
 1.6 
 
 66 
 
 6.0 
 
 38. . . 
 
 8-9 
 
 6.0 
 
 80.1 
 
 41.1 
 
 21.5 
 
 13.9 
 
 1.8 
 
 4.1 
 
 5.4 
 
 1.7 
 
 63 
 
 5.8 
 
 39. . . 
 
 9-11 
 
 5.6 
 
 72.8 
 
 36.0 
 
 28.6 
 
 21.6 
 
 .8 
 
 4.1 
 
 6.2 
 
 3.1 
 
 69 
 
 5.3 
 
 40. . . 
 
 .. 11-16 
 
 5.0 
 
 69.5 
 
 33.9 
 
 32.2 
 
 25.5 
 
 .6 
 
 5.4 
 
 6.4 
 
 3.6 
 
 65 
 
 4.9 
 
 41. . . 
 
 . . 16-22 
 
 4.4 
 
 64.7 
 
 30.7 
 
 36.7 
 
 30.9 
 
 .6 
 
 7.6 
 
 7.5 
 
 4.7 
 
 62 
 
 4.7 
 
 42. . . 
 
 . . 22-26 
 
 4.1 
 
 63.0 
 
 28.5 
 
 38.2 
 
 32.9 
 
 .6 
 
 7.6 
 
 8.9 
 
 
 65 
 
 4.8 
 
 43. . . 
 
 . . 26-30 
 
 4.3 
 
 62.9 
 
 28.9 
 
 38.4 
 
 32.8 
 
 .0 
 
 7.5 
 
 9.3 
 
 5.2 
 
 66 
 
 4.8 
 
 44. . . 
 
 . . 30-33 
 
 4.0 
 
 65.0 
 
 30.9 
 
 36.3 
 
 31.0 
 
 .2 
 
 7.2 
 
 9.1 
 
 5.7 
 
 67 
 
 4.8 
 
 45. . . 
 
 . . 33-36 
 
 4.8 
 
 64.9 
 
 28.8 
 
 34.3 
 
 30.3 
 
 .2 
 
 6.9 
 
 9.2 
 
 5.9 
 
 69 
 
 4.8 
 
 46. . . 
 
 . . 36-39 
 
 4.6 
 
 65.7 
 
 28.4 
 
 33.6 
 
 29.7 
 
 .3 
 
 6.8 
 
 9.1 
 
 5.0 
 
 68 
 
 4.8 
 
 47. . . 
 
 . . 39-42 
 
 4.4 
 
 63.0 
 
 29.9 
 
 37.5 
 
 32.6 
 
 .4 
 
 6.7 
 
 10.1 
 
 5.4 
 
 70 
 
 4.9 
 
 Profile No. 6, Winona county, Minnesota 
 
 48. . . 
 
 .. 0-5 
 
 6.9 
 
 77.6 
 
 37.4 
 
 21.3 
 
 15.5 
 
 1.8 
 
 4.0 
 
 6.7 
 
 1.9 
 
 68 
 
 6.1 
 
 49. . . 
 
 . . 5-8 
 
 6.6 
 
 75.5 
 
 38.5 
 
 23.8 
 
 17.9 
 
 .8 
 
 3.9 
 
 6.2 
 
 1.7 
 
 67 
 
 5.8 
 
 50. . . 
 
 8-13 
 
 5.6 
 
 74.7 
 
 37.4 
 
 25.8 
 
 19.7 
 
 .3 
 
 3.5 
 
 6.6 
 
 2.1 
 
 71 
 
 5.7 
 
 51 . . . 
 
 . . 13-17 
 
 7.2 
 
 67.1 
 
 28.7 
 
 29.8 
 
 25.7 
 
 .2 
 
 4.9 
 
 9.1 
 
 3.6 
 
 7° 
 
 5.4 
 
 52 . . . 
 
 . . 17-20 
 
 6.2 
 
 69.0 
 
 30.1 
 
 29.5 
 
 24.8 
 
 .4 
 
 4.6 
 
 8.6 
 
 3.5 
 
 72 
 
 :. 4 
 
 53. . . 
 
 . . 20-25 
 
 6.2 
 
 70.6 
 
 32.1 
 
 28 3 
 
 23.2 
 
 .4 
 
 4.5 
 
 7.6 
 
 3.0 
 
 70 
 
 5.4 
 
 54 . . . 
 
 . . 25-29 
 
 6.5 
 
 67.6 
 
 28.9 
 
 30.4 
 
 25.9 
 
 .4 
 
 5.4 
 
 9.4 
 
 3.8 
 
 71 
 
 5.2 
 
 55. . . 
 
 . . 29-32 
 
 6.9 
 
 63.8 
 
 26.5 
 
 33.6 
 
 29.3 
 
 .3 
 
 7.0 
 
 10.9 
 
 4.3 
 
 68 
 
 5.1 
 
 56. . . 
 
 . . 32-36 
 
 7.1 
 
 65.0 
 
 26.4 
 
 32.0 
 
 27.9 
 
 .4 
 
 5.9 
 
 11.9 
 
 4.2 
 
 73 
 
 5.2 
 
 57. . . 
 
 . . 36-42 
 
 10.1 
 
 67.0 
 
 24.2 
 
 25.8 
 
 22.9 
 
 .3 
 
 4.5 
 
 9.1 
 
 3.7 
 
 74 
 
 5.2 
 
 58. . . 
 
 . . 42-50 
 
 11.1 
 
 67.3 
 
 23.1 
 
 24.7 
 
 21.6 
 
 .4 
 
 4.1 
 
 9.1 
 
 3.5 
 
 75 
 
 5.3 
 
 59. . . 
 
 . . 50-62 
 
 14.6 
 
 63.8 
 
 23.8 
 
 24 . 9 
 
 21.6 
 
 .2 
 
 3.8 
 
 9.2 
 
 3.6 
 
 77 
 
 5.4 
 
Analytical Data for Soils 
 Composition of Z-1-2-8 Profiles (continued) 
 
 Sam P le Depth Sand Silt riff Material <** fitter Exchangeable Base R 
 
 No. De P th >50m 2-50m 2 ^ <5m <2„ ff'gg, H Ca Mg sat - P 
 
 Profile No. 7 ', Houston county, Minnesota 
 
 
 inches 
 
 % 
 
 /o 
 
 % 
 
 % 
 
 % 
 
 % 
 
 m.e. 
 
 m.e. 
 
 m.e. 
 
 C7 
 70 
 
 
 60.. .. 
 
 .. 0-2 
 
 8.5 
 
 75.7 
 
 36.1 
 
 22.0 
 
 15.8 
 
 8.2 
 
 7.4 
 
 11.7 
 
 3.5 
 
 67 
 
 6.3 
 
 61 
 
 2-5 
 
 8.5 
 
 76.1 
 
 36.8 
 
 21.8 
 
 15.4 
 
 1.3 
 
 6.2 
 
 1.4 
 
 .8 
 
 26 
 
 5.0 
 
 62 
 
 5-10 
 
 7.6 
 
 75.9 
 
 36.7 
 
 22.9 
 
 16.5 
 
 .5 
 
 6.2 
 
 1.8 
 
 1.0 
 
 31 
 
 4.8 
 
 63 
 
 . . 10-13 
 
 6.9 
 
 75.2 
 
 35.7 
 
 24.3 
 
 17.9 
 
 .3 
 
 6.0 
 
 2.6 
 
 1.4 
 
 40 
 
 4.8 
 
 64 
 
 . . 13-15 
 
 7.4 
 
 70.8 
 
 33.2 
 
 27.2 
 
 21.8 
 
 .4 
 
 6.8 
 
 4.0 
 
 2.0 
 
 47 
 
 4.8 
 
 65 
 
 . . 15-18 
 
 7.3 
 
 66.8 
 
 29.8 
 
 30.8 
 
 25.9 
 
 .3 
 
 7.2 
 
 5.9 
 
 2.6 
 
 54 
 
 4.8 
 
 66 
 
 . . 18-21 
 
 7.0 
 
 65.2 
 
 27.9 
 
 32.8 
 
 27.8 
 
 .2 
 
 7.6 
 
 7.5 
 
 3.4 
 
 59 
 
 5.0 
 
 67 
 
 . . 21-25 
 
 7.2 
 
 62.2 
 
 26.1 
 
 35.1 
 
 30.6 
 
 .1 
 
 7.8 
 
 9.3 
 
 3.9 
 
 63 
 
 5.0 
 
 68 
 
 . . 25-31 
 
 7.8 
 
 62.7 
 
 27.3 
 
 33.8 
 
 29.5 
 
 
 
 6.5 
 
 9.8 
 
 4.1 
 
 68 
 
 5.0 
 
 69 
 
 . . 31-37 
 
 8.3 
 
 63.3 
 
 30.4 
 
 32.4 
 
 28.4 
 
 
 
 5.4 
 
 10.5 
 
 4.5 
 
 74 
 
 5.3 
 
 70 
 
 . . 37-44 
 
 9.1 
 
 63.6 
 
 25.6 
 
 31.1 
 
 27.3 
 
 
 
 5.2 
 
 10.3 
 
 4.4 
 
 74 
 
 5.3 
 
 71 
 
 . . 44-50 
 
 8.1 
 
 63.6 
 
 25.0 
 
 32.5 
 
 28.3 
 
 .1 
 
 5.1 
 
 11.2 
 
 5.0 
 
 76 
 
 5.3 
 
 72 
 
 . . 50-68 
 
 8.1 
 
 67.6 
 
 26.0 
 
 28.4 
 
 24.3 
 
 
 
 3.9 
 
 10.0 
 
 4.7 
 
 79 
 
 5.6 
 
 73 
 
 . . 68-86 
 
 6.2 
 
 70.7 
 
 27.5 
 
 26.8 
 
 23.1 
 
 
 
 3.2 
 
 9.8 
 
 4.8 
 
 82 
 
 5.8 
 
 74 
 
 . . 96-106 
 
 5.5 
 
 79.7 
 
 31.4 
 
 18.1 
 
 14.8 
 
 
 
 
 
 9.2 
 
 4.1 
 
 100 
 
 8.1 
 
 
 
 
 Profile No. 8, 
 
 Fillmore county, Minnesota 
 
 
 
 
 75 
 
 0-2 
 
 9.8 
 
 70.6 
 
 32.7 
 
 25.6 
 
 19.6 
 
 10.6 
 
 4.7 
 
 19.4 
 
 2.9 
 
 83 
 
 6.8 
 
 76 
 
 .. 2-6 
 
 10.1 
 
 69.8 
 
 32.2 
 
 25.9 
 
 20.1 
 
 2.8 
 
 5.2 
 
 9.3 
 
 1.6 
 
 68 
 
 6.2 
 
 77 
 
 .. 6-9 
 
 9.2 
 
 73.0 
 
 34.4 
 
 24.1 
 
 17.8 
 
 1.6 
 
 6.2 
 
 5.3 
 
 1.4 
 
 52 
 
 5.4 
 
 78 
 
 . . 9-13 
 
 8.7 
 
 73.1 
 
 34.5 
 
 24.5 
 
 18.2 
 
 .8 
 
 6.5 
 
 3.3 
 
 1.7 
 
 44 
 
 4.9 
 
 79 
 
 . . 13-15 
 
 8.6 
 
 71.0 
 
 32.9 
 
 26.2 
 
 20.4 
 
 .6 
 
 5.4 
 
 5.2 
 
 2.1 
 
 58 
 
 5.2 
 
 80 
 
 . . 15-17 
 
 8.2 
 
 70.9 
 
 32.6 
 
 26.8 
 
 20.9 
 
 .9 
 
 5.8 
 
 5.4 
 
 2.1 
 
 56 
 
 5.2 
 
 81 
 
 . . 17-21 
 
 8.4 
 
 66.8 
 
 30.3 
 
 30.3 
 
 24.8 
 
 .6 
 
 5.3 
 
 7.8 
 
 2.9 
 
 67 
 
 5.2 
 
 82 
 
 . . 21-24 
 
 8.8 
 
 62.9 
 
 26.1 
 
 33.1 
 
 28.3 
 
 .4 
 
 6.3 
 
 9.0 
 
 3.7 
 
 67 
 
 5.0 
 
 83 
 
 . . 24-28 
 
 9.5 
 
 61.8 
 
 24.5 
 
 33.1 
 
 28.7 
 
 .4 
 
 6.7 
 
 8.9 
 
 3.4 
 
 65 
 
 5.1 
 
 84 
 
 . . 28-33 
 
 9.7 
 
 60.8 
 
 23.8 
 
 33.0 
 
 29.5 
 
 
 
 6.5 
 
 10.7 
 
 4.5 
 
 70 
 
 5.0 
 
 85 
 
 . . 33-38 
 
 10.7 
 
 60.2 
 
 22.3 
 
 32.4 
 
 29.1 
 
 
 
 6.2 
 
 11.1 
 
 4.7 
 
 72 
 
 5.1 
 
 86 
 
 . . 38-45 
 
 12.7 
 
 59.3 
 
 23.3 
 
 31.8 
 
 28.0 
 
 
 
 5.7 
 
 11.2 
 
 4.9 
 
 74 
 
 5.2 
 
 87 
 
 . . 45-48 
 
 9.2 
 
 61.5 
 
 25.6 
 
 34.0 
 
 29.3 
 
 .1 
 
 5.7 
 
 11.8 
 
 5.3 
 
 75 
 
 5.1 
 
 88 
 
 . . 48-58 
 
 11.6 
 
 62.6 
 
 25.8 
 
 29.7 
 
 25.8 
 
 
 
 4.8 
 
 10.5 
 
 4.7 
 
 76 
 
 5.2 
 
 89 
 
 . . 112-118 
 
 14.5 
 
 71.5 
 
 18.9 
 
 16.4 
 
 14.0 
 
 
 
 
 
 9.5 
 
 4.1 
 
 100 
 
 7.7 
 
 
 
 
 Profile No. 9, 
 
 Olmsted coi 
 
 jnty, Minnesota 
 
 
 
 
 90 
 
 .. 0-2 
 
 7.7 
 
 78.1 
 
 43.9 
 
 21.8 
 
 14.2 
 
 11.4 
 
 5.2 
 
 21.3 
 
 3.2 
 
 82 
 
 6.8 
 
 91 
 
 .. 2-6 
 
 8.3 
 
 79.3 
 
 41.1 
 
 19.4 
 
 12.4 
 
 3.4 
 
 3.4 
 
 9.1 
 
 1.6 
 
 76 
 
 6.7 
 
 92 
 
 .. 6-9 
 
 8.2 
 
 79.3 
 
 38.2 
 
 19.9 
 
 12.5 
 
 .6 
 
 2.8 
 
 4.7 
 
 1.0 
 
 67 
 
 6.1 
 
 93 ... . 
 
 . . 9-12 
 
 7.5 
 
 74.1 
 
 36.6 
 
 25.1 
 
 18.4 
 
 .6 
 
 4.5 
 
 6.0 
 
 1.7 
 
 63 
 
 5.4 
 
 94 ... . 
 
 . . 12-15 
 
 7.6 
 
 69.4 
 
 36.0 
 
 28.9 
 
 23.0 
 
 .5 
 
 4.9 
 
 7.7 
 
 2.6 
 
 68 
 
 5.3 
 
 95. . .. 
 
 . . 15-18 
 
 8.8 
 
 65.6 
 
 29.6 
 
 31.0 
 
 25.6 
 
 .5 
 
 5.8 
 
 8.2 
 
 3.0 
 
 66 
 
 5.2 
 
 96.. . . 
 
 . . 18-21 
 
 10.9 
 
 62.6 
 
 26.5 
 
 31.4 
 
 26.5 
 
 .o 
 
 6.1 
 
 10.1 
 
 3.2 
 
 69 
 
 5.2 
 
 97 ... . 
 
 . . 21-25 
 
 12.9 
 
 60.6 
 
 22.6 
 
 31.0 
 
 26.5 
 
 .3 
 
 6.1 
 
 10.4 
 
 3.8 
 
 70 
 
 5.2 
 
 98.. . . 
 
 . . 25-30 
 
 16.8 
 
 57.3 
 
 22.1 
 
 29.2 
 
 25.9 
 
 .2 
 
 6.0 
 
 10.3 
 
 3.4 
 
 70 
 
 5. 1 
 
 99 ... . 
 
 . . 30-35 
 
 16.6 
 
 58.0 
 
 18.6 
 
 28.8 
 
 25.4 
 
 .2 
 
 5.2 
 
 10.8 
 
 4.1 
 
 74 
 
 5.2 
 
 100. . . 
 
 . . 35-38 
 
 20.8 
 
 54.4 
 
 17.4 
 
 26.7 
 
 24.8 
 
 .2 
 
 4.8 
 
 10.1 
 
 3.5 
 
 74 
 
 5.3 
 
 101.. . 
 
 . . 38-43 
 
 20.8 
 
 58 . 5 
 
 18.4 
 
 23.3 
 
 20.7 
 
 .1 
 
 3.6 
 
 9.2 
 
 3.4 
 
 78 
 
 5.5 
 
 102 .. . 
 
 . . 43-48 
 
 22.0 
 
 57.0 
 
 19.8 
 
 23.7 
 
 21.0 
 
 .2 
 
 3.6 
 
 9.4 
 
 3.6 
 
 78 
 
 5.5 
 
 103... 
 
 . . 48-60 
 
 20.8 
 
 56.6 
 
 19.1 
 
 25.2 
 
 22.6 
 
 .1 
 
 3.6 
 
 10.3 
 
 4.2 
 
 80 
 
 5.4 
 
 104 .. . 
 
 . . 60-72 
 
 26.7 
 
 52.0 
 
 20.7 
 
 24.6 
 
 21.3 
 
 .2 
 
 .7 
 
 11.4 
 
 4.4 
 
 96 
 
 7.6 
 
 
 
 
 Profile No. 10, 
 
 , LaCrosse county, 
 
 Wisconsin 
 
 
 
 
 105 . . . 
 
 .. 0-4 
 
 8.1 
 
 79.7 
 
 38.2 
 
 18.8 
 
 12.2 
 
 3.5 
 
 4.0 
 
 8.8 
 
 2.8 
 
 74 
 
 6.6 
 
 106 .. . 
 
 . . 4-7 
 
 7.9 
 
 80.2 
 
 38.6 
 
 19.0 
 
 11.9 
 
 2.5 
 
 3.7 
 
 6.9 
 
 2.3 
 
 71 
 
 6.5 
 
 107 .. . 
 
 . . 7-10 
 
 6.8 
 
 81.8 
 
 37.7 
 
 18.1 
 
 11.4 
 
 .6 
 
 4.0 
 
 3.0 
 
 1.2 
 
 51 
 
 5.1 
 
 108. . . 
 
 . . 10-14 
 
 7.5 
 
 78.0 
 
 34.9 
 
 20.3 
 
 14.5 
 
 .4 
 
 4.5 
 
 3.7 
 
 1 .6 
 
 54 
 
 4.9 
 
 109 .. . 
 
 . . 14-16 
 
 6.5 
 
 76.8 
 
 34.0 
 
 22.6 
 
 16.7 
 
 .4 
 
 5.0 
 
 3.9 
 
 2.0 
 
 54 
 
 4.8 
 
 110. . . 
 
 . . 16-18 
 
 7.5 
 
 73.8 
 
 32.3 
 
 24.3 
 
 18.7 
 
 .3 
 
 5.6 
 
 4.3 
 
 2.4 
 
 54 
 
 4.8 
 
 111. . . 
 
 . . 18-22 
 
 6.7 
 
 72.1 
 
 30.2 
 
 26.2 
 
 21.2 
 
 .2 
 
 6.0 
 
 5.3 
 
 2.9 
 
 58 
 
 4.8 
 
 112. . . 
 
 . . 22-26 
 
 6.6 
 
 69.5 
 
 27.0 
 
 28.7 
 
 23.9 
 
 .2 
 
 6.7 
 
 5.9 
 
 3.3 
 
 58 
 
 4.6 
 
 113. . . 
 
 . . 26-31 
 
 9.7 
 
 65.6 
 
 25.7 
 
 28.8 
 
 24.7 
 
 .3 
 
 6.5 
 
 6.9 
 
 3.6 
 
 62 
 
 4.7 
 
 114. . . 
 
 . . 31-34 
 
 12.0 
 
 63.9 
 
 23.9 
 
 28.3 
 
 24.1 
 
 .1 
 
 6.5 
 
 7.1 
 
 3.9 
 
 63 
 
 4.7 
 
 115.. . 
 
 . . 34-H7 
 
 12.7 
 
 63.8 
 
 22.7 
 
 27.6 
 
 23.5 
 
 .1 
 
 6.0 
 
 7.3 
 
 3.9 
 
 65 
 
 4.8 
 
 116... 
 
 . . 37-41 
 
 23.5 
 
 54.8 
 
 20.5 
 
 24 <t 
 
 21.7 
 
 .3 
 
 5.0 
 
 6.9 
 
 3.5 
 
 68 
 
 4.8 
 
7(1 
 
 Bulletin No. 587 
 
 IMay, 
 
 Composition of Z-l-2-8 Profiles (continued) 
 
 Sample 
 No. 
 
 Depth 
 
 Sand 
 >50 M 
 
 Silt 
 2-50 M 
 
 Fine 
 
 silt 
 
 2-20 M 
 
 Material 
 <5 M 
 
 Clay 
 <2 M 
 
 Organic 
 matter 
 by H2O2 
 
 Exchangeable 
 H Ca Mg 
 
 Base 
 
 sat. 
 
 pH 
 
 
 
 
 Profile No 
 
 .7 7, Ogle counfy, Illinois 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 inches 
 
 % 
 
 % 
 
 % 
 
 % 
 
 % 
 
 % 
 
 m.e. 
 
 m.e. 
 
 m.e. 
 
 % 
 
 
 117 
 
 0-2 
 
 9.2 
 
 75.2 
 
 38.9 
 
 22.7 
 
 15.6 
 
 5.9 
 
 4.5 
 
 10.7 
 
 5.0 
 
 78 
 
 6.8 
 
 118 
 
 2-5 
 
 8.2 
 
 77.7 
 
 40.4 
 
 21.8 
 
 14.1 
 
 2.9 
 
 8.5 
 
 3.3 
 
 2.3 
 
 40 
 
 5.4 
 
 119 
 
 5-9 
 
 9.4 
 
 77.8 
 
 40.1 
 
 20.3 
 
 12.8 
 
 .9 
 
 5.7 
 
 1.5 
 
 1.2 
 
 32 
 
 4.9 
 
 120 
 
 9-13 
 
 7.2 
 
 75.8 
 
 37.5 
 
 23.6 
 
 17.0 
 
 .0 
 
 5.1 
 
 3.2 
 
 1.7 
 
 49 
 
 5.0 
 
 121 
 
 13-16 
 
 7.3 
 
 72.2 
 
 35.9 
 
 27.0 
 
 20.5 
 
 .4 
 
 5.6 
 
 4.7 
 
 2.2 
 
 55 
 
 5.0 
 
 122 
 
 16-20 
 
 6.7 
 
 68.7 
 
 33.8 
 
 31.2 
 
 24.6 
 
 .5 
 
 6.6 
 
 6.0 
 
 2.7 
 
 57 
 
 5.0 
 
 123 
 
 20-23 
 
 6.0 
 
 66.9 
 
 32.3 
 
 33.2 
 
 27.1 
 
 .4 
 
 6.9 
 
 7.3 
 
 3.1 
 
 60 
 
 4.9 , 
 
 124 
 
 23-27 
 
 6.1 
 
 64.9 
 
 31.3 
 
 35.1 
 
 29.0 
 
 .3 
 
 7.4 
 
 8.6 
 
 3.8 
 
 63 
 
 4.9 l 
 
 125 
 
 27-32 
 
 5.5 
 
 63.4 
 
 29.6 
 
 36.5 
 
 31.1 
 
 .0 
 
 7.5 
 
 10.2 
 
 4.3 
 
 66 
 
 5.0 
 
 126 
 
 32-36 
 
 5.8 
 
 63.4 
 
 30.4 
 
 36.4 
 
 30.8 
 
 .4 
 
 7.1 
 
 10.6 
 
 4.4 
 
 68 
 
 5.0 
 
 127 
 
 36-40 
 
 6.3 
 
 64.3 
 
 29.6 
 
 34.6 
 
 29.4 
 
 .4 
 
 6.7 
 
 10.4 
 
 4.4 
 
 69 
 
 5.0 
 
 128 
 
 40-44 
 
 6.0 
 
 66.1 
 
 29.7 
 
 33.0 
 
 27.9 
 
 .3 
 
 6.1 
 
 10.3 
 
 4.2 
 
 70 
 
 5.1 
 
 129 
 
 44-47 
 
 6.0 
 
 66.7 
 
 30.1 
 
 32.3 
 
 27.3 
 
 .3 
 
 6.0 
 
 10.4 
 
 4.0 
 
 71 
 
 5.2 
 
 130 
 
 47-50 
 
 5.0 
 
 68.6 
 
 32.8 
 
 31.5 
 
 26.4 
 
 .1 
 
 5.4 
 
 10.6 
 
 4.1 
 
 73 
 
 5.1 
 
 131 
 
 50-55 
 
 4.8 
 
 70.0 
 
 32.5 
 
 30.2 
 
 25.2 
 
 .1 
 
 5.5 
 
 10.6 
 
 4.0 
 
 73 
 
 5.2 
 
 132 
 
 55-63 
 
 5.1 
 
 69.2 
 
 34.1 
 
 30.9 
 
 25.7 
 
 .2 
 
 4.9 
 
 10.5 
 
 4.0 
 
 75 
 
 5.2 
 
 133 
 
 63-72 
 
 9.4 
 
 67.2 
 
 31.6 
 
 28.4 
 
 23.4 
 
 .1 
 
 4.8 
 
 9.8 
 
 3.7 
 
 74 
 
 5.3 
 
 134 
 
 77-84 
 
 55.7 
 
 31.0 
 
 16.0 
 
 16.1 
 
 13.3 
 
 .1 
 
 3.1 
 
 5.1 
 
 1.8 
 
 69 
 
 0.0 
 
 
 
 
 Profile No. 
 
 7 2, Carroll county, 
 
 Illinois 
 
 
 
 
 
 135 
 
 0-2 
 
 9.9 
 
 76.8 
 
 36.8 
 
 19.8 
 
 13.3 
 
 5.0 
 
 10.6 
 
 2.9 
 
 1.9 
 
 31 
 
 5.0 
 
 136 
 
 2-4 
 
 9.7 
 
 78.3 
 
 37.4 
 
 18.7 
 
 12.0 
 
 3.0 
 
 10.0 
 
 1.1 
 
 .9 
 
 17 
 
 4.7 
 
 137 
 
 4-8 
 
 9.3 
 
 79.3 
 
 37.9 
 
 18.1 
 
 11.4 
 
 1.1 
 
 7.1 
 
 .9 
 
 T 
 
 11 
 
 4.6 
 
 138 
 
 8-12 
 
 9.9 
 
 76.1 
 
 35.3 
 
 20.1 
 
 14.0 
 
 .6 
 
 6.6 
 
 .9 
 
 .4 
 
 16 
 
 4.6 
 
 139 
 
 12-15 
 
 8.8 
 
 74.5 
 
 33.0 
 
 22.4 
 
 16.7 
 
 .3 
 
 7.4 
 
 1.2 
 
 1.3 
 
 25 
 
 4.5 
 
 140 
 
 15-19 
 
 8.8 
 
 71.1 
 
 31.9 
 
 25.8 
 
 20.1 
 
 .4 
 
 8.2 
 
 2.2 
 
 2.3 
 
 35 
 
 4.5 
 
 141 
 
 19-22 
 
 7.4 
 
 65.7 
 
 29.7 
 
 31.8 
 
 26.9 
 
 .3 
 
 9.2 
 
 4.4 
 
 3.5 
 
 46 
 
 4.6 
 
 142 
 
 22-25 
 
 7.1 
 
 62.8 
 
 27.4 
 
 34.9 
 
 30.1 
 
 .3 
 
 9.7 
 
 6.2 
 
 4.0 
 
 51 
 
 4.6 
 
 143 
 
 25-28 
 
 6.5 
 
 62.0 
 
 27.5 
 
 35.8 
 
 31.5 
 
 .2 
 
 9.1 
 
 7.4 
 
 4.5 
 
 57 
 
 4.7 
 
 144 
 
 28-31 
 
 7.0 
 
 62.5 
 
 28.3 
 
 35.1 
 
 30.5 
 
 .2 
 
 8.7 
 
 8.1 
 
 4.6 
 
 59 
 
 4.7 
 
 145 
 
 31-33 
 
 7.2 
 
 63.4 
 
 27.8 
 
 33.7 
 
 29.4 
 
 .2 
 
 7.6 
 
 8.5 
 
 4.5 
 
 63 
 
 4.8 
 
 146 
 
 33-35 
 
 7.3 
 
 63.3 
 
 28.2 
 
 33.9 
 
 29.4 
 
 .2 
 
 7.0 
 
 8.8 
 
 4.5 
 
 66 
 
 4.8 
 
 147 
 
 35-38 
 
 7.3 
 
 64.4 
 
 28.7 
 
 32.8 
 
 28.3 
 
 .3 
 
 6.5 
 
 9.0 
 
 4.7 
 
 68 
 
 4.9 
 
 148 
 
 38-41 
 
 6.1 
 
 65.3 
 
 30.0 
 
 33.1 
 
 28.6 
 
 .2 
 
 6.5 
 
 9.5 
 
 4.7 
 
 69 
 
 5.0 
 
 149 
 
 41-45 
 
 5.3 
 
 67.5 
 
 30.6 
 
 31.9 
 
 27.2 
 
 .2 
 
 0.0 
 
 9.6 
 
 4.7 
 
 72 
 
 5.1 
 
 150 
 
 45-49 
 
 5.5 
 
 68.6 
 
 31.4 
 
 30.1 
 
 25.9 
 
 .2 
 
 4.7 
 
 9.8 
 
 4.8 
 
 76 
 
 5.2 
 
 151 
 
 49-54 
 
 5.1 
 
 70.2 
 
 32.3 
 
 28.8 
 
 24.7 
 
 .2 
 
 4.1 
 
 9.8 
 
 5.0 
 
 78 
 
 5.2 
 
 152 
 
 54-58 
 
 4.8 
 
 69.4 
 
 33.8 
 
 30.7 
 
 25.8 
 
 .1 
 
 3.9 
 
 10.3 
 
 5.1 
 
 80 
 
 5.3 
 
 153 
 
 58-64 
 
 6.3 
 
 70.3 
 
 31.1 
 
 27.4 
 
 23.4 
 
 .1 
 
 3.6 
 
 9.9 
 
 5.1 
 
 81 
 
 5.4 
 
 154 
 
 64-72 
 
 6.4 
 
 74.7 
 
 35.1 
 
 23.6 
 
 18.9 
 
 .1 
 
 2.8 
 
 8.1 
 
 4.2 
 
 82 
 
 5.6 
 
 155 
 
 72-81 
 
 4.7 
 
 76.7 
 
 40.0 
 
 24.2 
 
 18.6 
 
 .1 
 
 3.0 
 
 8.3 
 
 4.3 
 
 81 
 
 5.7 
 
 156 
 
 81-87 
 
 10.2 
 
 73.0 
 
 41.3 
 
 24.2 
 
 16.8 
 
 9 
 
 2.9 
 
 7.4 
 
 3.8 
 
 79 
 
 5.8 
 
 157 
 
 87-99 
 
 23.7 
 
 63.2 
 
 35.4 
 
 20.2 
 
 13.1 
 
 .1 
 
 2.3 
 
 5.5 
 
 2.6 
 
 78 
 
 6.0 
 
 
 
 
 Profile No. 
 
 7 3, Carroll county, 
 
 Illinois 
 
 
 
 
 
 158 
 
 0-6 
 
 13.0 
 
 76.6 
 
 25.7 
 
 14.3 
 
 10.4 
 
 1.6 
 
 3.8 
 
 4.8 
 
 1.0 
 
 60 
 
 5.6 
 
 159 
 
 6-9 
 
 12.1 
 
 73.5 
 
 24.6 
 
 18.4 
 
 14.4 
 
 .6 
 
 3.2 
 
 5.8 
 
 1.3 
 
 69 
 
 5.5 
 
 160 
 
 9-12 
 
 11.0 
 
 69.9 
 
 22.9 
 
 22.4 
 
 19.1 
 
 .6 
 
 3.6 
 
 7.7 
 
 2.0 
 
 73 
 
 5.6 
 
 161 
 
 12-15 
 
 10.7 
 
 69.0 
 
 22.2 
 
 23.5 
 
 20.3 
 
 .5 
 
 3.9 
 
 8.2 
 
 2.4 
 
 73 
 
 5.6 
 
 162 
 
 15-18 
 
 11.2 
 
 66.3 
 
 20.6 
 
 25.7 
 
 22.5 
 
 .3 
 
 4.2 
 
 9.0 
 
 2.8 
 
 74 
 
 5.6 
 
 163 
 
 18-21 
 
 12.1 
 
 65.3 
 
 19.7 
 
 26.0 
 
 22.6 
 
 .2 
 
 4.0 
 
 9.2 
 
 3.3 
 
 76 
 
 5.6 
 
 164 
 
 21-24 
 
 11.5 
 
 65.8 
 
 19.6 
 
 25.8 
 
 22.7 
 
 .1 
 
 3.9 
 
 9.4 
 
 3.5 
 
 77 
 
 5.6 
 
 165 
 
 24-27 
 
 12.1 
 
 65.9 
 
 19.4 
 
 24.7 
 
 22.0 
 
 .1 
 
 3.9 
 
 8.8 
 
 3.4 
 
 76 
 
 5.6 
 
 166 
 
 27-30 
 
 12.8 
 
 66.9 
 
 18.6 
 
 22.8 
 
 20.3 
 
 .1 
 
 4.0 
 
 8.3 
 
 3.5 
 
 75 
 
 5.6 
 
 167 
 
 30-33 
 
 13.9 
 
 67.9 
 
 17.8 
 
 20.3 
 
 18.2 
 
 
 
 3.5 
 
 7.6 
 
 3.2 
 
 76 
 
 5.7 
 
 168 
 
 33-37 
 
 15.5 
 
 66.7 
 
 18.2 
 
 19.9 
 
 17.8 
 
 
 
 3.3 
 
 7.6 
 
 3.3 
 
 77 
 
 5.8 
 
 169 
 
 37-40 
 
 16.2 
 
 66.8 
 
 18.7 
 
 19.7 
 
 17.0 
 
 
 
 3.2 
 
 7.7 
 
 3.5 
 
 78 
 
 5.8 
 
 170 
 
 40-45 
 
 17.9 
 
 66.1 
 
 19.0 
 
 18.8 
 
 16.0 
 
 
 
 3.0 
 
 7.7 
 
 3.5 
 
 79 
 
 5.9 
 
 171 
 
 45-48 
 
 22.1 
 
 63.9 
 
 18.0 
 
 16.8 
 
 14.0 
 
 
 
 2.8 
 
 7.1 
 
 3.3 
 
 79 
 
 6.0 
 
 172 
 
 48-52 
 
 21.6 
 
 63.4 
 
 17.8 
 
 17.6 
 
 15.0 
 
 
 
 2.9 
 
 7.6 
 
 3.7 
 
 80 
 
 6.0 
 
 173 
 
 52-60 
 
 18.8 
 
 65.0 
 
 21.4 
 
 19.2 
 
 16.2 
 
 
 
 3.0 
 
 8.2 
 
 4.1 
 
 80 
 
 6.0 
 
 174 
 
 60-66 
 
 19.9 
 
 65.5 
 
 13.4 
 
 17.3 
 
 14.6 
 
 
 
 2.3 
 
 8.2 
 
 3.5 
 
 84 
 
 6.1 
 
 175 
 
 66-70 
 
 28.9 
 
 59.6 
 
 17.4 
 
 14.3 
 
 11.5 
 
 
 
 1.9 
 
 6.9 
 
 3.0 
 
 84 
 
 7.1 
 
 176 
 
 75-90 
 
 45.2 
 
 45.5 
 
 23.4 
 
 11.2 
 
 9.3 
 
 
 
 
 
 8.8 
 
 2.9 
 
 100 
 
 8.1 
 
1955] Analytical Data for Soils 71 
 
 Composition of Z-l-2-8 Profiles (continued) 
 
 Sample Depth Sand Silt ¥ ™ Material Clay 0™ c Exchangeable Bage 
 
 No. De ^ th >50m 2-50m ^ <5„ <2 m b " a gg a H Ca Mg sat " P 
 
 Profile No. 14, Carroll county, Illinois 
 
 inches %%%%%% m.e. m.e. m.e. % 
 
 177 0-6 10.7 77.5 31.5 17.1 11.8 1.5 8.6 5.6 1.7 46 6.4 
 
 178 6-9 8.2 76.2 34.1 21.4 15.6 .4 3.2 5.1 1.1 70 5.8 
 
 179.. . 9-13 8.0 73.1 32.7 24.8 18.9 .4 3.5 6.0 1.9 69 5.8 
 
 180 13-16 7.9 70.5 30.8 27.6 21.6 .4 4.2 6.4 2.8 69 5.6 
 
 181 16-19 8.0 67.5 29.3 29.7 24.5 .3 5.1 6.9 3.6 67 5.3 
 
 182 19-22 8.0 64.4 27.5 32.8 27.6 .3 7.2 7.0 4.0 60 4.8 
 
 183 22-25 8.7 62.4 26.0 33.4 28.9 .3 7.5 7.9 4.4 62 4.8 
 
 184 25-28 11.0 59.6 23.8 33.5 29.4 .2 7.7 8.7 4.7 64 4.8 
 
 185 28-31 10.9 60.5 24.0 32.5 28.6 .2 7.0 9.3 4.8 67 4.9 
 
 186 31-33 9.0 63.1 24.8 31.6 27.9 .4 6.0 9.2 4.8 70 5.0 
 
 187 33-36 9.0 62.9 24.7 32.0 28.1 .4 6.1 9.7 5.2 71 5.0 
 
 188 36-39 9.5 63.4 24.7 30.8 27.1 .3 6.2 9.1 5.0 70 5.1 
 
 189 39-42 9.6 62.3 24.1 32.0 28.1 .3 6.1 9.9 5.6 72 5.2 
 
 190 42-46 8.4 62.6 25.2 32.7 29.0 .3 6.1 9.9 5.3 71 5.3 
 
 191 46-50 7.5 63.9 26.2 32.7 28.6 .3 5.5 10.3 5.8 74 5.2 
 
 192 50-56 6.5 65.3 27.7 33.0 28.2 .4 5.4 10.7 6.2 76 5.2 
 
 193 56-62 7.9 67.4 26.1 29.0 24.7 .2 4.5 9.4 5.8 77 5.3 
 
 194 62-68 6.5 68.8 27.2 28.8 24.7 .2 4.8 9.3 5.8 76 5.4 
 
 195 68-78 6.4 71.1 29.0 26.7 22.5 .1 1.5 11.0 6.8 92 7.5 
 
 196 78-88 4.3 74.9 31.5 25.1 20.8 .2 .6 10.0 6.8 97 7.9 
 
 197 88-96 5.4 77.5 32.7 20.8 17.1 .2 8.6 6.0 100 8.1 
 
 198 96-108 4.8 81.1 33.5 18.2 14.1 .2 7.3 5.0 100 8.2 
 
 Profile No. 15, Warren county, Illinois 
 
 199 0-2 6.4 81.4 38.5 18.8 12.2 2.7 4.9 4.4 1.6 55 5.8 
 
 200 2-6 5.3 82.4 39.2 18.7 12.3 .9 4.3 2.3 1.2 45 5.3 
 
 201 6-9 5.2 79.1 38.4 22.6 15.7 .5 5.4 2.3 T 30 4.8 
 
 202 9-12 3.7 74.6 36.4 28.3 21.7 4.6 
 
 203 12-15 4.2 68.3 35.5 34.2 27.5 .5 9.2 4.0 3.8 46 4.6 
 
 204 15-17 2.9 66.9 35.7 36.8 30.2 .6 4.7 
 
 205 17-20 2.7 63.9 34.8 39.9 33.4 .6 10.4 6.8 5.4 54 4.7 
 
 206 20-23 3.4 61.9 35.9 41.4 34.7 .5 4.7 
 
 207 23-26 2.0 60.3 37.4 45.3 37.7 .6 11.1 9.8 7.4 61 4.8 
 
 208 26-29 2.9 62.5 34.8 41.3 34.6 .5 4.8 
 
 209 29-31 2.8 63.5 34.4 39.7 33.7 .5 9.6 9.8 6.8 63 4.8 
 
 210 31-33 3.0 63.0 37.1 40.3 34.0 .3 4.9 
 
 211 33-35 1.8 64.2 38.7 41.0 34.0 .3 9.2 10.6 7.2 66 4.9 
 
 212 35-39 2.0 64.9 41.3 39.6 33.1 .2 8.6 10.8 7.2 68 5.0 
 
 213 39-42 2.0 64.8 40.1 39.8 33.2 .2 5.1 
 
 214 42-46 2.2 65.3 36.5 38.8 32.5 .2 7.1 12.0 7.7 74 5.2 
 
 215 46-49 2.7 66.6 35.0 36.4 30.7 .2 5.2 
 
 216 49-52 3.1 68.0 35.2 34.4 28.9 .2 5.9 11.1 7.6 76 5.3 
 
 217 52-58 3.2 69.0 35.2 33.3 27.8 .2 5.3 
 
 218 58-64 3.7 70.0 34.9 31.5 26.3 .1 5.5 
 
 219 64-70 3.8 70.7 34.0 29.8 25.5 4.2 9.8 6.7 80 5.6 
 
 220 70-77 6.2 71.4 32.1 26.3 22.4 6.0 
 
 221 77-84 5.8 73.7 34.2 24.6 20 5 7.2 
 
 222 84-94 2.7 80.5 46.7 22.3 16.8 9.3 6.4 100 7.8 
 
 Profile No. 16, Jackson county, Iowa 
 
 223 0-3 8.0 76.3 37.1 22.8 15.7 4.4 4.5 8.2 4.1 73 6.6 
 
 224 3-6 7.3 77.5 37.8 22.2 15.2 1.5 6.5 1.9 1.8 36 5.0 
 
 225 6-9 7.4 77.2 37.6 22.8 15.4 .9 4.6 
 
 226 9-12 6.2 78.4 38.9 22.2 15.4 .7 6.5 1.5 1.3 30 4.7 
 
 227 12-16 6.0 76.8 37.5 23.9 17.2 .5 6.7 2.1 1.4 34 4.7 
 
 228 16-19 6.0 73.9 35.1 26.4 20.1 .4 4.7 
 
 229 19-22 5.5 71.8 33.4 28.4 22.7 .3 4.7 
 
 230 22-26 5.7 68.3 30.7 31.6 26.0 .2 7.6 6.8 3.3 57 4.8 
 
 231 26-29 5.4 65.5 28.4 33.8 29.1 .3 8.0 8.3 3.8 60 4.9 
 
 232 29-33 6.3 64.9 28.0 33.1 28.8 .3 7.9 8.7 4.0 62 4.9 
 
 233 33-35 5.8 65.0 28.1 33.6 29.2 .3 5.0 
 
 234 35-38 6.8 63.9 26.2 33.6 29.3 .3 6.7 10.1 4.5 68 5.1 
 
 235 38-42 5.6 63.4 26.5 35.7 31.0 .4 6.8 11.3 5.1 71 5.1 
 
72 
 
 Bulletin Xo. 587 
 
 Way, 
 
 Composition of Z-l-2-8 Profiles (continued) 
 
 Sa No Ple De P th 
 
 Sand 
 >50 M 
 
 Silt 
 2-50m 
 
 Fine 
 
 silt 
 
 2-20 M 
 
 Material 
 <5 M 
 
 Clay 
 <2 M 
 
 Organic 
 matter 
 by H2O2 
 
 Exchangeable 
 
 II 
 
 Ca 
 
 Mg 
 
 PH 
 
 Profile No. 16, Jackson county, Iowa (concluded) 
 
 inches % % % % % % m.e. m.e. 
 
 236 42-46 5.7 63.3 26.7 35.7 31.0 .2 
 
 237 46-50 5.9 64.3 26.7 34.6 29.8 .1 6.1 11.6 
 
 238 50-54 6.4 65.5 27.4 33.3 28.1 .2 
 
 239 54-58 5.6 67.7 27.1 30.3 26.7 .2 5.1 10.5 
 
 240 58-62 5.3 68.0 27.6 31.0 26.7 .1 4.8 10.7 
 
 241 62-68 5.2 68.8 28.9 30.4 26.0 
 
 242 68-74 3.6 71.5 30.9 29.5 24.9 
 
 243 74-80 4.3 73.5 30.8 26.2 22.2 3.9 9.8 
 
 244 120-130 4.1 79.8 31.6 20.1 16.1 9.8 
 
 Profile No. 17, Washington county, Iowa 
 
 245 0-10 3.2 78.3 39.7 25.0 18.5 1.7 4.2 7.4 
 
 246 10-13 2.5 74.4 40.3 30.4 23.1 1.0 4.9 7.3 
 
 247 13-16 2.1 68.3 37.6 36.5 29.6 .6 5.1 9.6 
 
 248 16-19 1.5 63.9 36.8 41.1 34.6 .4 
 
 249 19-22 1.4 61.2 35.4 43.7 37.4 .1 7.8 11.3 
 
 250 22-25 1.3 60.7 35.0 44.8 38.0 .5 8.8 10.8 
 
 251 25-28 1.2 61.1 34.7 43.8 37.7 .5 9.5 10.7 
 
 252 28-30 1.3 62.2 34.0 42.4 36.5 .5 9.1 10.6 
 
 253 30-33 1.5 61.5 32.9 42.4 37.0 .4 9.4 10.9 
 
 254 33-36 1.4 63.5 33.8 41.2 35.1 .4 8.7 10.6 
 
 255 36-39 1.6 63.9 33.7 39.9 34 5 .4 
 
 256 39-42 1.5 65.0 35.8 39.8 33.5 .4 7.0 11.1 
 
 257 42-45 1.6 66.3 35.1 37.3 32.1 .3 
 
 258 45-48 1.8 66.7 34.1 35.8 31.5 .2 5.5 10.9 
 
 259 48-52 1.9 68.1 33.5 33.9 30.0 .2 
 
 260 52-56 1.6 69.3 35.1 33.1 29.1 .2 4.3 10.9 
 
 261 56-60 1.5 69.4 38.9 33.8 29.1 .2 2.9 11.9 
 
 262 60-65 1.4 70.2 42.8 33.4 28.4 
 
 263 65-70 1.5 70.7 45.1 33.8 27.8 .2 2.7 11.7 
 
 Profile No. 1 8, Washington county, Iowa 
 
 264 0-5 3.9 77.1 42.7 26.0 19.0 2.8 3.8 8.9 
 
 265 5-9 2.8 77.4 44.5 27.3 19.8 1.7 5.2 5.9 
 
 266 9-12 2.6 75.3 43.6 30.7 22.1 .9 5.3 5.9 
 
 267 12-15 2.3 72.0 41.6 33.8 25.7 .6 
 
 268 15-18 2.2 68.3 39.8 37.4 29.5 .5 5.2 8.4 
 
 269 18-21 1.8 64.9 38.0 40.9 33.3 .5 
 
 270 21-24 1.8 60.7 35.2 44.6 37.5 .5 8.2 10.9 
 
 271 24-27 1.5 60.7 35.3 44.4 37.8 .4 8.2 11.8 
 
 272 27-30 1.6 61.0 35.1 43.9 37.4 .3 
 
 273 30-33 1.5 61.9 34.1 42.9 36.6 .3 7.7 12.5 
 
 274 33-35 1.7 62.5 35.0 41.7 35.8 .4 
 
 275 35-37 1.9 62.7 35.2 41.6 35.4 .4 7.0 12.4 
 
 276 37-40 1.6 63.4 33.4 41.4 35.0 .3 
 
 277 40-43 2.1 63.4 32.3 40.1 34.5 .3 6.2 12.8 
 
 278 43-46 1.8 65.2 33.0 37.9 33 .1 
 
 280 46-49 2.1 66.3 34.4 37.1 31.6 .1 
 
 281 49-53 2.0 66.4 33.5 37.2 31.6 .1 5.2 12.6 
 
 282 53-57 5.3 66.6 31.8 33.5 28.1 .1 4.7 11.6 
 
 283 57-63 2.3 68.9 35.0 33.2 28.8 .2 4.5 11.6 
 
 284 63-70 2.8 69.0 35.8 33.2 28.2 .1 4.2 10.9 
 
 Profile No. 1 9, Linn county, Iowa 
 
 285 0-3 7.8 79.2 42.2 20.5 13.0 3.6 7.6 5.5 
 
 286 3-6 7.4 80.9 43.0 19.4 11.7 1.3 7.3 1.4 
 
 287 6-9 7.9 80.0 41.9 19.7 12.1 .6 
 
 288 9-12 6.5 77.4 41 1 23.4 16 1 .4 5.0 3.1 
 
 289 12-15 6.3 72.8 41.0 28.2 20.9 .3 
 
 290 15-19 5.8 69.0 35.9 32.3 25.2 .3 
 
 291 19-23 8.9 63.0 29.7 33.4 28.1 .3 8.3 7.4 
 
 292 23-26 10.2 60.4 27.2 33.9 29 4 .4 
 
 293 26-29 11.2 58.8 25.6 34.5 30.0 .4 8.0 9.9 
 
 294 29-33 12.1 58.7 24.6 32.9 29.2 .3 7.5 10.0 
 
 295 33-36 11.9 57.8 22.9 34.4 30.3 .1 7.3 10.9 
 
 296 36-39 11.0 59.7 22.3 33.6 29.3 .2 
 
 297 39-41 10.5 61.1 23 4 32.3 28.4 .1 6.9 10.8 
 
 e. 
 
 % 
 
 5.1 
 
 4 
 
 74 
 
 5.1 
 
 5.2 
 
 i 
 
 75 
 
 5.2 
 
 
 
 77 
 
 5.3 
 5.4 
 
 5.0 
 
 1.9 
 2.0 
 2.3 
 
 6.7 
 7.2 
 
 7.8 
 
 7^7 
 
 7^7 
 
 7.7 
 7.0 
 7.1 
 6.8 
 
 1.3 
 
 .7 
 
 1.2 
 
 3.2 
 
 79 
 
 100 
 
 46 
 
 56 
 
 69 
 
 5.7 
 7.9 
 
 2.3 
 
 70 
 
 6.2 
 
 3.2 
 
 68 
 
 5.9 
 
 5.1 
 
 74 
 
 5.6 
 
 5.4 
 
 7.0 
 
 70 
 
 5.1 
 
 7.1 
 
 67 
 
 5.0 
 
 7.2 
 
 65 
 
 4.9 
 
 7.4 
 
 66 
 
 4.9 
 
 7.6 
 
 66 
 
 4.9 
 
 7.3 
 
 67 
 
 4.9 
 4.9 
 
 7.8 
 
 73 
 
 5.0 
 5.0 
 
 7.8 
 
 77 
 
 5.1 
 5.2 
 
 7.6 
 
 81 
 
 5.3 
 
 7.4 
 
 87 
 
 5.5 
 
 5.8 
 5.9 
 5.6 
 5.4 
 5.2 
 5.1 
 5.1 
 5.2 
 5.2 
 5.5 
 5.3 
 5.3 
 5.4 
 5.4 
 5.5 
 .") 5 
 5.6 
 5.6 
 
 5.7 
 5.0 
 5.0 
 5.1 
 4.9 
 4.8 
 4.9 
 5.0 
 5.0 
 5.1 
 5.1 
 5.1 
 5.1 
 
1955] 
 
 Analytical Data for Soils 
 
 Composition of Z-l-2-8 Profiles (continued) 
 
 Sample 
 No. 
 
 Depth 
 
 Sand 
 >50 M 
 
 Silt 
 
 Fine 
 
 silt 
 
 2-20 M 
 
 Material 
 
 <5/X 
 
 Clay 
 <2„ 
 
 Organic 
 matter 
 by H2O2 
 
 Exchangeable 
 
 Ca 
 
 Mg 
 
 pH 
 
 Profile No. 19, Linn county, Iowa (concluded) 
 
 inches 
 
 298 41-44 
 
 299 44-47 
 
 300 47-50 
 
 301 50-53 
 
 302 53-56 
 
 303 56-60 
 
 304 60-65 
 
 305 65-75 
 
 306 180-234 
 
 307 0-2 
 
 308 2-5 
 
 309 5-9 
 
 310 9-13 
 
 311 13-16 
 
 312 16-19 
 
 313 19-23 
 
 314 23-27 
 
 315 27-31 
 
 316 31-33 
 
 317 33-36 
 
 318 36-40 
 
 319 40-44 
 
 320 44-48 
 
 321 48-52 
 
 322 52-55 
 
 323 55-60 
 
 324 60-67 
 
 325 67-71 
 
 326 71-77 
 
 327 0-3 
 
 328 3-6 
 
 329 6-11 
 
 330 11-15 
 
 331 15-19 
 
 332 19-23 
 
 333 23-27 
 
 334 27-31 
 
 335 31-34 
 
 336 34-36 
 
 337 36-39 
 
 338 39-43 
 
 339 43-49 
 
 340 49-52 
 
 341 52-56 
 
 342 56-60 
 
 343 60-66 
 
 344 66-72 
 
 345 72-79 
 
 346 0-4 
 
 347 4-6 
 
 348 6-10 
 
 349 10-14 
 
 350 U-17 
 
 351 17-19 
 
 352 19-23 
 
 353 23-27 
 
 354 27-31 
 
 355 31-35 
 
 356 35-39 
 
 357 39-41 
 
 Profile No. 20, Pike county, Missouri 
 
 3.3 
 2.9 
 2.2 
 2.6 
 2.2 
 2.1 
 1.9 
 1.6 
 1.6 
 2.2 
 1.5 
 1.2 
 1.5 
 
 1.3 
 1.4 
 1.6 
 1.5 
 1.0 
 
 2.5 
 
 82.2 
 82.7 
 83.3 
 83.1 
 79.7 
 74.0 
 68.8 
 64.4 
 63.7 
 64.0 
 65.6 
 67.4 
 67.7 
 68.9 
 69.7 
 70.1 
 71.7 
 74.1 
 73.6 
 69.8 
 
 38.1 
 40.6 
 40.8 
 40.8 
 41.3 
 39.7 
 38.2 
 37.4 
 37.2 
 37.0 
 37.5 
 37.7 
 38.2 
 37.6 
 36.9 
 37.6 
 36.7 
 41.6 
 45.4 
 41.7 
 
 20.2 
 20.9 
 20.7 
 21.2 
 24.7 
 29.7 
 35.7 
 40.6 
 41.1 
 39.3 
 38.8 
 37.3 
 36.1 
 35.2 
 33.6 
 33.0 
 31.0 
 30.5 
 32.2 
 33.8 
 
 14.5 
 14.4 
 14.5 
 14.3 
 18.1 
 23.9 
 29.3 
 34.0 
 34.7 
 33.8 
 32.9 
 31.4 
 30.8 
 29.8 
 28.9 
 28.3 
 26.8 
 24.9 
 25.5 
 27.7 
 
 6.6 
 2.0 
 1.3 
 
 7.0 
 7.6 
 
 6.6 
 6^0 
 
 4.9 
 
 12.3 
 6.8 
 
 4.9 
 
 10.8 
 10.8 
 10.0 
 
 9^6 
 
 9.4 
 
 2.6 
 1.3 
 
 5.1 
 
 4.7 
 
 6.7 
 6.6 
 6.4 
 6.1 
 6.0 
 5.8 
 5.6 
 5.5 
 5.3 
 5.2 
 5.1 
 5.1 
 5.0 
 5.1 
 5.1 
 5.1 
 5.2 
 5.2 
 5.3 
 5.4 
 
 Profile No. 21 , Macoupin county, Illinois 
 
 1 
 
 4. 
 
 4. 
 
 3. 
 
 3. 
 
 2. 
 
 2. 
 
 2. 
 
 2. 
 
 3. 
 
 3.1 
 
 3.0 
 
 2.4 
 
 2.3 
 
 2.6 
 
 2.4 
 
 2.7 
 
 8.5 
 
 15.2 
 
 76.6 
 77.5 
 76.0 
 74.0 
 67.2 
 62.9 
 61.6 
 61.9 
 64.3 
 63.8 
 65.8 
 67.2 
 69.3 
 70.6 
 73.2 
 74 . 5 
 75.4 
 72.1 
 66.1 
 
 40.1 
 
 40.5 
 
 40.1 
 
 39.3 
 
 37.8 
 
 36.6 
 
 36.4 
 
 36.1 
 
 34.9 
 
 34.6 
 
 34.6 
 
 35 
 
 36 
 
 39 
 
 41 
 
 42 
 
 42 
 
 36 
 
 31 
 
 25.3 
 25.3 
 25.7 
 28.8 
 35.1 
 41.1 
 41.9 
 41.5 
 38.3 
 37.6 
 35.7 
 34.9 
 33.7 
 32.6 
 29.6 
 28.3 
 27.8 
 24.9 
 23.2 
 
 19.1 
 18.5 
 19.1 
 22.3 
 29.0 
 34.5 
 36.1 
 35.8 
 32.9 
 32.6 
 31.1 
 29.8 
 28.3 
 27.1 
 24.2 
 23.1 
 
 21.9 
 19.4 
 18.7 
 
 4.9 
 3.0 
 1.6 
 .8 
 .4 
 .3 
 .2 
 .3 
 
 2 
 .2 
 
 2 
 A 
 .2 
 .1 
 .1 
 
 
 
 
 .1 
 
 4.3 
 6.0 
 6.4 
 
 4.7 
 
 6.1 
 6.8 
 
 8.8 
 
 8.5 
 6^0 
 4^2 
 
 12.9 
 8.7 
 5 .5 
 6.3 
 
 10^2 
 10.9 
 10.2 
 
 8^7 
 
 6.9 
 
 7^7 
 8^0 
 6.5 
 
 2.2 
 1.6 
 1.6 
 2.7 
 
 6^7 
 
 7.7 
 
 7.7 
 
 7^1 
 
 6.3 
 6^6 
 4.9 
 
 78 
 
 6.9 
 5.9 
 5.2 
 5.3 
 5.2 
 5.3 
 5.3 
 5.1 
 4.9 
 4.8 
 4.8 
 4.7 
 4.6 
 4.6 
 5.0 
 5.1 
 5.4 
 5.6 
 5.8 
 
 Profile No. 22, St. Charles county, Missouri 
 
 3.5 
 
 3.4 
 2.5 
 2.6 
 2.3 
 3.0 
 2.1 
 1.5 
 1.7 
 2.1 
 1.9 
 1.8 
 
 82.5 
 82.8 
 81.7 
 79.7 
 78.2 
 72.9 
 59.3 
 59 . 4 
 61.4 
 64.2 
 66.4 
 68.8 
 
 40.6 
 40.4 
 41.0 
 41.3 
 41.8 
 41.0 
 34.4 
 33.9 
 35.1 
 37.3 
 35.7 
 35.8 
 
 19.7 
 19.7 
 22.0 
 24.2 
 25.9 
 30.2 
 43.4 
 43.7 
 41.4 
 38.4 
 35.5 
 33.4 
 
 14.0 
 13.8 
 15.8 
 17.7 
 19.5 
 24.1 
 38.6 
 39.1 
 36.9 
 33.7 
 31.7 
 29.4 
 
 2.7 
 1.0 
 
 3.4 
 4.4 
 6.6 
 
 7.4 
 
 12.4 
 12.6 
 
 9^6 
 
 6.7 
 
 7.2 
 7.4 
 
 2.1 
 
 6.6 
 7.2 
 
 7.1 
 7^0 
 
 6.6 
 5.6 
 4.4 
 4.4 
 4.4 
 4.4 
 4 . 5 
 4.6 
 4.7 
 4.8 
 5.0 
 5.2 
 
74 
 
 Bulletin No. 587 
 
 LMay, 
 
 Composition of Z-l-2-8 Profiles (continued) 
 
 Sample 
 No. 
 
 Depth 
 
 Sand 
 >50fx 
 
 Silt 
 2-50/x 
 
 Fine 
 
 silt 
 
 2-20 M 
 
 Material 
 
 <5/U 
 
 Clay 
 <2 M 
 
 Organic 
 matter 
 by H2O2 
 
 Exchangeable 
 
 Ca 
 
 Mg 
 
 Base 
 sat. 
 
 PH 
 
 Profile No. 22, St. Charles county, Missouri (concluded) 
 
 inches %%%%%% m.e. m.e. m.e. % 
 
 358 41-44 1.4 71.4 36.7 31.5 27.2 .1 5.4 
 
 359 44-48 1.7 72.1 34.8 29.9 26.2 4.3 7.6 6.6 77 5.6 
 
 360 48-54 1.9 72.9 35.8 29.8 25.2 3.7 8.0 6.7 80 6.0 
 
 361 54-60 1.8 74.8 37.1 28.0 23.4 .1 6.4 
 
 362 60-66 2.1 77.5 39.1 25.6 20.4 .1 2.1 7.5 5.5 86 6.9 
 
 363 66-72 2.3 76.3 42.8 26.8 21.4 .2 2.1 8.0 5.6 87 7.0 
 
 Profile No. 23, St. Charles county, Missouri 
 
 (<*) 0-5 9.6 80.5 31.6 13.7 9.9 1.6 1.2 6.5 .8 86 7.2 
 
 5-10 5.8 83.7 32.7 15.7 10.5 .9 2.9 4.3 .4 62 6.2 
 
 10-18 4.6 76.6 35.5 23.1 18.8 .3 5.4 3.1 .4 39 4.7 
 
 18-24 3.6 71.0 34.3 29.9 25.4 .5 8.1 4.4 2.1 45 4.7 
 
 24-30 3.1 67.3 32.2 33.1 29.6 .3 8.2 6.0 3.7 54 4.8 
 
 30-36 4.3 64.5 33.7 36.9 31.2 .2 7.8 9.0 5.1 64 5.2 
 
 36-40 3.1 66.2 32.9 35.8 30.7 .1 7.4 9.0 5.0 65 5.2 
 
 40-48 3.9 68.4 34.6 32.7 27.7 .2 7.1 9.0 4.8 66 5.3 
 
 48-60 3.4 70.8 34.8 30.6 25.8 .2 5.7 9.1 4.7 71 5.4 
 
 60-72 3.9 71.2 32.2 29.4 24.9 .1 5.4 8.8 4.5 71 5.6 
 
 72-84 2.8 74.2 34.9 27.3 23.0 5.3 8.6 4.6 71 5.8 
 
 84-88 3.5 74.9 33.6 25.3 21.6 4.2 8.3 4.3 75 5.8 
 
 Profile No. 24, Cape Girardeau county, Missouri 
 
 364 0-3 4.9 81.7 36.3 18.6 13.4 4.1 2.8 11.3 2.0 83 6.9 
 
 365 3-5 4.2 82.3 36.9 17.7 13.5 2.2 4.0 5.3 1.1 62 6.2 
 
 366 5-7 4.8 81.6 36.5 18.1 13.6 1.3 6.0 
 
 367 7-9 4.7 81.4 37.4 19.2 13.9 .7 3.6 3.3 .9 54 5.6 
 
 368 9-12 4.1 79.6 36.4 21.0 16.3 .5 5.7 
 
 369 12-18 4.7 76.1 34.5 24.0 19.2 .3 2.9 5.2 1.9 71 6.2 
 
 370 18-22 4.1 70.3 34.0 30.6 25.6 .2 5.1 
 
 371 22-26 3.1 68.4 35.5 34.0 28.5 .1 9.0 4.0 3.7 46 4.8 
 
 372 26-31 3.0 67.5 34.9 34.5 29.5 9.3 4.1 4.1 47 4.8 
 
 373 31-36 2.8 68.6 35.4 33.6 28.6 9.1 4.3 4.0 48 4.7 
 
 374 36-38 3.4 68.7 36.0 33.3 27.9 4.6 
 
 375 38-40 2.8 69.3 37.6 33.1 27.9 10.5 4.8 3.8 45 4.8 
 
 376 40-45 2.9 68.5 35.6 33.8 28.6 10.7 5.2 4.0 46 4.7 
 
 377 45-50 4.1 67.7 35.0 33.0 28.2 4.7 
 
 378 50-55 3.4 69.8 34.9 31.5 26.8 10.3 5.7 4.1 49 4.7 
 
 379 55-60 3.1 71.3 34.6 30.3 25.6 4.7 
 
 380 60-65 2.4 72.1 36.6 30.1 25.5 .1 8.9 6.5 4.4 55 4.7 
 
 381 110-120 3.9 76.7 33.2 23.2 19.4 .1 3.6 6.8 3.1 73 5.6 
 
 Profile No. 25, Cape Girardeau county, Missouri 
 
 382 0-4 2.9 83.1 41.9 19.5 14.0 4.7 5.7 9.6 2.0 67 6.3 
 
 383 4-7 2.4 83.1 42.6 19.9 14.5 1.4 6.1 2.4 1.1 37 5.0 
 
 384 7-10 1.9 81.2 42.1 22.8 16.9 .9 4.8 
 
 385 10-13 1.8 77.8 40.6 25.8 20.4 .6 7.0 2.3 1.6 36 4.8 
 
 386 13-16 1.6 74.8 40.4 29.6 23.6 .5 4.6 
 
 387 16-21 1.5 70.8 40.0 34.2 27.7 .4 10.5 3.3 2.6 36 4.6 
 
 388 21-24 2.4 69.7 39.0 33.6 27.9 .3 4.7 
 
 389 24-27 2.6 68.7 38.6 34.7 28.7 .2 9.1 5.7 3.8 51 4.8 
 
 390 27-30 2.1 65.7 36.8 38.0 32.2 .2 9.5 7.3 4.6 56 4.9 
 
 391 30-34 2.0 67.5 37.2 35.4 30.5 .1 5.0 
 
 392 34-38 2.4 69.1 38.7 34.1 28.5 6.3 8.7 5.7 70 5.3 
 
 393 38-42 1.6 69.4 38.5 33.9 29.0 5.5 8.7 6.2 73 5.4 
 
 394 42-46 1.6 72.4 41.5 31.7 26.0 5.4 
 
 395 46-50 1.6 73.7 40.8 30.2 24.7 4.6 7.9 6.3 76 5.4 
 
 396 50-54 1.6 74.4 41.3 29.1 24.0 .1 5.4 
 
 397 54-60 2.1 75.7 41.0 27.3 22.2 .1 5.0 
 
 398 60-72 3.0 76.0 39.3 25.9 21.0 4.1 6.0 5.1 73 5.2 
 
 399 93-105 4.6 71.7 33.9 28.7 23.7 2.8 6.5 4.5 80 6.4 
 
 a Since soil profile No. 23 was sampled in connection with the soil survey of St. Charles county, Missouri, 
 the individual samples in this profile were not given official Z-l-2-8 numbers. 
 
1055] 
 
 Analytical Data for Soils 
 
 Composition of Z-l-2-8 Profiles (continued) 
 
 Sa ™P le Depth 
 
 No 
 
 Sand 
 >50m 
 
 Silt 
 2-5(V 
 
 Fine 
 
 silt 
 
 2-20 M 
 
 Material 
 
 Clay 
 <2 M 
 
 Organic 
 matter 
 by H2O2 
 
 Exchangeable 
 
 Ca 
 
 Mg 
 
 Base 
 sat. 
 
 pH 
 
 Profile No. 26, Lincoln county, Missouri 
 
 
 inches 
 
 % 
 
 % 
 
 % 
 
 % 
 
 % 
 
 % 
 
 m.e. 
 
 400 .. . 
 
 0-8 
 
 2.4 
 
 83.9 
 
 44.0 
 
 19.4 
 
 13.7 
 
 1.4 
 
 3.5 
 
 401 .. . 
 
 8-11 
 
 2.6 
 
 79.8 
 
 43.6 
 
 24.1 
 
 17.6 
 
 .6 
 
 
 402 .. . 
 
 . . 11-14 
 
 2.5 
 
 77.5 
 
 42.7 
 
 26.5 
 
 20.0 
 
 .2 
 
 3.9 
 
 403 .. . 
 
 . . 14-16 
 
 1.8 
 
 74.2 
 
 41.9 
 
 30.6 
 
 24.0 
 
 .3 
 
 
 404 .. . 
 
 . . 16-18 
 
 1.4 
 
 69.0 
 
 39.7 
 
 35.8 
 
 29.6 
 
 .0 
 
 
 405 .. . 
 
 . . 18-21 
 
 1.2 
 
 64.4 
 
 38.3 
 
 40.8 
 
 34.4 
 
 2 
 
 6.4 
 
 406 .. . 
 
 . . 21-25 
 
 1.3 
 
 63.0 
 
 38.5 
 
 42.1 
 
 35.7 
 
 .3 
 
 
 407 .. . 
 
 . . 25-28 
 
 1.4 
 
 64.4 
 
 39.2 
 
 40.7 
 
 34.2 
 
 2 
 
 6.6 
 
 408 .. . 
 
 . . 28-31 
 
 1.1 
 
 63.9 
 
 38.4 
 
 41.0 
 
 35.0 
 
 .1 
 
 
 409 .. . 
 
 . . 31-34 
 
 1.1 
 
 65.7 
 
 39.6 
 
 39.6 
 
 33.2 
 
 .2 
 
 
 410. . . 
 
 . . 34-37 
 
 1.0 
 
 67.9 
 
 39.6 
 
 37.5 
 
 31.1 
 
 .2 
 
 6.2 
 
 411. . . 
 
 . . 37-40 
 
 .9 
 
 67.8 
 
 38.9 
 
 36.9 
 
 31.3 
 
 .1 
 
 
 412. . . 
 
 . . 40-44 
 
 1.0 
 
 68.0 
 
 39.4 
 
 36.5 
 
 31.0 
 
 .1 
 
 
 413. . . 
 
 . . 44-49 
 
 1.0 
 
 66.7 
 
 38.6 
 
 36.9 
 
 32.3 
 
 
 
 5.6 
 
 414. . . 
 
 . . 49-55 
 
 .9 
 
 70.0 
 
 39.8 
 
 34.6 
 
 29.1 
 
 .1 
 
 
 415. . . 
 
 . . 55-60 
 
 1.0 
 
 73.4 
 
 41.3 
 
 30.8 
 
 25.6 
 
 
 
 4.5 
 
 416. . . 
 
 . . 60-65 
 
 .9 
 
 75.2 
 
 43.0 
 
 29.7 
 
 23.9 
 
 .1 
 
 
 417. . . 
 
 . . 65-70 
 
 .4 
 
 75.9 
 
 48.5 
 
 30.1 
 
 23.7 
 
 .1 
 
 3.5 
 
 4.1 
 
 10.4 
 
 10.1 
 
 HI 
 
 10.3 
 
 4.3 
 
 4.7 
 
 i'.b 
 
 3.8 
 
 61 
 
 5.2 
 
 
 5.4 
 
 65 
 
 5.3 
 
 
 5.1 
 
 
 4.7 
 
 69 
 
 5.0 
 
 
 4.9 
 
 70 
 
 5.0 
 
 
 5.0 
 
 
 5.0 
 
 71 
 
 5.0 
 
 
 4.9 
 
 
 5.0 
 
 74 
 
 4.9 
 
 
 5.1 
 
 76 
 
 5.1 
 
 
 5.2 
 
 80 
 
 5.2 
 
 Profile No. 27, St. Charles county, Missouri 
 
 418 0-2 
 
 419 2-4 
 
 420 4-7 
 
 421 7-9 
 
 422 9-12 
 
 423 12-15 
 
 424 15-18 
 
 425 18-21 
 
 426 21-24 
 
 427 24-27 
 
 428 27-30 
 
 429 30-34 
 
 430 34-37 
 
 431 37-40 
 
 432 40-45 
 
 433 45-50 
 
 434 50-54 
 
 435 54-61 
 
 436 61-65 
 
 437 65-76 
 
 438 76-87 
 
 439 87-98 
 
 440 114-122 
 
 441 122-180 
 
 3.4 
 3.1 
 3.0 
 2.4 
 2.6 
 2.9 
 2.5 
 2.6 
 2.4 
 2.2 
 1.8 
 1.7 
 1.5 
 1.8 
 1.7 
 1.7 
 1.8 
 1.8 
 2.0 
 1.9 
 2.2 
 1.6 
 1.9 
 2.8 
 
 82.7 
 84.4 
 83.1 
 82.5 
 82.2 
 81.6 
 81.2 
 78.4 
 73.1 
 66.9 
 62.2 
 64.1 
 66.1 
 66.2 
 
 72.0 
 73 .5 
 74. 
 76. 
 
 76.7 
 
 38.6 
 39.0 
 40.0 
 39.9 
 40.1 
 39.8 
 40.0 
 38.6 
 38.0 
 35.2 
 35.1 
 34.8 
 35.4 
 35.3 
 34.8 
 36.7 
 37.0 
 38.0 
 37.2 
 34.7 
 34.4 
 35 .7 
 28.5 
 53 .5 
 
 19.5 
 18.3 
 19.8 
 21.4 
 21.1 
 21.3 
 22.4 
 24.6 
 30.5 
 36.8 
 42.5 
 39.6 
 37.5 
 36.9 
 35.0 
 30.9 
 29.1 
 28.7 
 25.8 
 23.4 
 20.6 
 18.8 
 14.0 
 24.2 
 
 13.9 
 12.5 
 13.9 
 15.1 
 15.2 
 15.5 
 16.3 
 19.0 
 24.5 
 30.9 
 36.0 
 34.2 
 32.4 
 32.0 
 30.1 
 26.3 
 24.7 
 24.0 
 21.4 
 19.8 
 17.1 
 15.3 
 11.1 
 20.5 
 
 5 
 .2 
 
 5 
 
 1 
 
 6 
 
 
 1 
 
 .7 
 
 1 
 
 8 
 
 1 
 
 '6 
 
 2 
 
 4 
 
 1 
 
 3 
 
 5 
 
 5 
 
 3 
 
 ^6 
 
 9 
 
 3 
 
 6 
 
 4 
 
 9 
 
 5 
 
 6 
 
 .2 
 
 9 
 
 8 
 
 6 
 
 .8 
 
 10 
 
 4 
 
 6 
 
 2 
 
 8 
 
 8 
 
 6 
 
 
 
 6.0 
 
 6 
 
 62 
 
 5.7 
 
 4 
 
 25 
 
 4.6 
 4.5 
 
 6 
 
 44 
 
 4.6 
 4.6 
 
 9 
 
 50 
 
 4.6 
 4.6 
 
 8 
 
 60 
 
 4.7 
 4.4 
 
 6 
 
 66 
 
 4.4 
 4.8 
 
 7 
 
 70 
 
 4.9 
 4.9 
 5.1 
 
 6 
 
 84 
 
 6.0 
 
 6.5 
 
 9 
 
 91 
 
 7.1 
 
 7.4 
 
 3 
 
 93 
 
 7.5 
 
 7.8 
 7.9 
 8.2 
 7.6 
 
 Profile No. 28, Jersey county, Illinois 
 
 442 0-2 
 
 443 2-5 
 
 444 5-7 
 
 445 7-11 
 
 446 11-14 
 
 447 14-17 
 
 448 17-21 
 
 449 21-24 
 
 450 24-27 
 
 451 27-30 
 
 452 30-33 
 
 453 33-37 
 
 454 37-41 
 
 455 41-46 
 
 456 46-51 
 
 457 51-55 
 
 458 55-60 
 
 459 60-70 
 
 460 70-80 
 
 461 80-90 
 
 4.2 
 4.4 
 3.9 
 3.8 
 3.3 
 2.9 
 
 82.0 
 83.7 
 83.3 
 81.7 
 79.0 
 74.8 
 69.4 
 66.8 
 65.3 
 65.2 
 65.8 
 65.8 
 66.6 
 68.0 
 69.1 
 68.5 
 69.7 
 73.8 
 76.4 
 78.5 
 
 39.3 
 41.5 
 40.1 
 40.0 
 39.1 
 37.9 
 37.2 
 36.8 
 
 35 9 
 35 . 4 
 
 36 4 
 36.9 
 38.4 
 37.2 
 36.4 
 36.0 
 35.0 
 38.7 
 42.0 
 41.0 
 
 19.0 
 17.7 
 18.5 
 20.4 
 23.5 
 27.9 
 24.5 
 36.8 
 38.1 
 38.6 
 37.8 
 37.8 
 36 . 9 
 34.8 
 33.2 
 33.9 
 32.4 
 29.1 
 27.0 
 24 I 
 
 13.8 
 11.9 
 12.8 
 14.5 
 17.7 
 22.3 
 28.3 
 30.7 
 32.0 
 32.7 
 31.8 
 32 2 
 31 3 
 30.0 
 28.6 
 29.4 
 28.1 
 24.3 
 21.8 
 19.2 
 
 5.6 
 1.7 
 
 .7 
 
 5.8 
 4.7 
 4.6 
 5.0 
 5.0 
 4.9 
 4.8 
 4.9 
 4.7 
 4.6 
 4.6 
 4.6 
 4.6 
 4.5 
 4.5 
 4.6 
 4 6 
 4.9 
 4.8 
 5.3 
 
Bulletin Xo. 587 
 
 [May, 
 
 Composition of Z-l-2-8 Profiles (continued) 
 
 Sa ™ o P le Depth 
 
 Sand 
 >50/x 
 
 Silt 
 2-50 M 
 
 Fine 
 
 silt 
 
 2-20 M 
 
 Material 
 <5 M 
 
 Clay 
 <2 M 
 
 Organic 
 matter 
 by H0O2 
 
 Exchangeable 
 
 Ca 
 
 Mg 
 
 Base 
 sat. 
 
 PH 
 
 Profile No. 29, Randolph county, Illinois 
 
 inches 
 
 462 0-7 
 
 463 7-10 
 
 464 10-15 
 
 465 15-19 
 
 466 19-22 
 
 467 22-26 
 
 468 26-28 
 
 469 28-30 
 
 470 30-34 
 
 471 34-38 
 
 472 38-43 
 
 473 43-48 
 
 474 48-54 
 
 475 54-60 
 
 476 60-70 
 
 477 70-80 
 
 478 80-90 
 
 479 0-7 
 
 480 7-10 
 
 481 10-13 
 
 482 13-15 
 
 483 15-18 
 
 484 18-21 
 
 485 21-25 
 
 486 25-29 
 
 487 29-33 
 
 488 33-37 
 
 489 37-41 
 
 490 41-47 
 
 491 47-53 
 
 492 53-60 
 
 493 60-70 
 
 494 70-80 
 
 495 0-2 
 
 496 2-6 
 
 497 6-10 
 
 498 10-13 
 
 499 13-16 
 
 500 16-19 
 
 501 19-23 
 
 502 23-26 
 
 503 26-29 
 
 504 29-33 
 
 505 33-36 
 
 506 36-39 
 
 507 39-42 
 
 508 42-47 
 
 509 47-52 
 
 510 52-60 
 
 511 60-70 
 
 512 0-2 
 
 513 2-7 
 
 514 7-11 
 
 515 11-13 
 
 516 13-16 
 
 517 10-18 
 
 518 18-21 
 
 519 21-24 
 
 520 24-27 
 
 7.6 
 7.9 
 6.4 
 
 o.3 
 5.5 
 5.0 
 
 82.6 
 80.5 
 73.1 
 65.9 
 62.7 
 62.3 
 62.5 
 63.5 
 63.4 
 64.7 
 67.7 
 68.6 
 69.9 
 70.9 
 72.1 
 73.4 
 
 % 
 31.2 
 32.5 
 33.2 
 30.4 
 28.3 
 27.7 
 27.1 
 27.5 
 28.3 
 28.7 
 29.4 
 30.9 
 30.6 
 30.9 
 30.6 
 29.8 
 30.7 
 
 % 
 14.6 
 14.7 
 16.8 
 25.1 
 32.8 
 35.5 
 36.2 
 36.3 
 35.1 
 35.1 
 34.0 
 31.2 
 30.7 
 29.0 
 28.2 
 25.6 
 25.2 
 
 % 
 9.6 
 9.8 
 11.6 
 20.5 
 28.3 
 31.1 
 31.8 
 32.2 
 30.6 
 30.3 
 29.2 
 26.5 
 26.1 
 24.6 
 24.1 
 22.4 
 21.1 
 
 % 
 
 1.7 
 
 1.2 
 
 .3 
 
 .4 
 
 3.7 
 
 2.2 
 3.4 
 
 6.9 
 
 8.4 
 6.9 
 
 5.2 
 4^0 
 
 Profile No. 30, Perry county, Missouri 
 
 3.9 
 
 2.8 
 3.0 
 2.9 
 2.8 
 2.7 
 2.3 
 2.7 
 2.6 
 2.5 
 
 84.7 
 76.7 
 71.5 
 68.8 
 66.6 
 65.3 
 66.8 
 66.1 
 67.7 
 67.8 
 71.2 
 69.1 
 72.1 
 72.5 
 74.0 
 74.6 
 
 29.4 
 30.2 
 28.9 
 28.3 
 28.1 
 27.1 
 29.1 
 29.5 
 29.8 
 29.5 
 30.9 
 24.5 
 31.4 
 30.7 
 30.4 
 15.2 
 
 15.2 
 24.8 
 30.0 
 33.1 
 34.9 
 36.0 
 34.3 
 35 . 5 
 33.5 
 33.5 
 29.9 
 32.1 
 29.3 
 28.1 
 26.7 
 25.7 
 
 11.4 
 20.2 
 25.8 
 28.8 
 30.4 
 32.0 
 30.1 
 31.1 
 29.3 
 29.3 
 26.0 
 28.2 
 25.6 
 24.8 
 23.4 
 22.9 
 
 3.2 
 3^9 
 
 3.9 
 7.6 
 
 4.0 
 4.0 
 
 2.4 
 
 7^0 
 
 8^2 
 7.8 
 
 8^2 
 
 9.1 
 
 9^5 
 loil 
 9.8 
 
 .8 
 
 3^4 
 
 4^9 
 5.2 
 
 5.5 
 
 5^6 
 
 5^7 
 
 5.5 
 
 5.2 
 
 5.3 
 6.1 
 5.8 
 5.6 
 5.3 
 5.1 
 5.0 
 5.0 
 5.0 
 5.1 
 5.2 
 5.2 
 
 Profile No. 31, Perry county, Missouri 
 
 2.4 
 2.2 
 1.5 
 1.6 
 1.8 
 2.1 
 2.1 
 2.1 
 2.2 
 2.1 
 1.8 
 1.7 
 1.4 
 1.4 
 1 .4 
 1.7 
 2.1 
 
 82.9 
 83.2 
 82.4 
 79.4 
 76.4 
 73.1 
 70.2 
 69.2 
 70.1 
 64.1 
 64.0 
 65.9 
 66.9 
 69.3 
 71.8 
 72.9 
 75.4 
 
 43.6 
 43.7 
 42.6 
 42.1 
 41.5 
 41.0 
 40.1 
 40.4 
 40.7 
 36.0 
 36.0 
 37.3 
 37.8 
 38.1 
 38.6 
 37.9 
 36.6 
 
 20.7 
 20.1 
 21.8 
 24.7 
 27.5 
 30.6 
 33.9 
 35.1 
 34.2 
 40.0 
 40.4 
 38.3 
 37.5 
 35.1 
 32.1 
 30.5 
 27.8 
 
 14.7 
 14.6 
 16.1 
 19.0 
 21.8 
 24.8 
 27.7 
 28.7 
 27.7 
 33.8 
 34.2 
 32.4 
 31.7 
 29.3 
 26.8 
 25 . 4 
 22.5 
 
 3.4 
 1.2 
 
 10 
 
 2.0 
 1.5 
 
 4.0 
 
 .) . a 
 6.1 
 
 1.6 
 
 3.9 
 
 0.0 
 
 5.8 
 
 8 6.7 
 
 8 7^4 
 
 60 
 
 4.9 
 4.8 
 4.8 
 4.7 
 4 7 
 4.7 
 4.7 
 4.8 
 4.9 
 4.8 
 4 9 
 4.9 
 4.9 
 4.9 
 5.0 
 5.7 
 
 Profile No. 32, Randolph county, Illinois 
 
 5.4 
 4.5 
 3.7 
 3.4 
 3.7 
 3.9 
 3.3 
 2.9 
 4.1 
 
 80.6 
 75.2 
 69.1 
 65.3 
 61.9 
 60.9 
 57.0 
 56.3 
 
 40.0 
 43.0 
 414 
 39.8 
 38.9 
 35 i 
 35.7 
 33.2 
 30.5 
 
 19.8 
 21.4 
 27.9 
 34 . 1 
 37.5 
 40 . 2 
 4 1 .3 
 4:. :■! 
 46.1 
 
 14.1 
 14.9 
 21.1 
 27 . 5 
 31.0 
 34.2 
 35.8 
 40. 1 
 39.6 
 
 3.4 
 .6 
 .4 
 .3 
 .4 
 2 
 
 
 
 11.1 
 
 15^6 
 
 17.5 
 17.6 
 17.9 
 
 2.4 
 
 4^9 
 5.6 
 7.1 
 
 2.8 
 
 5^3 
 5.8 
 7.2 
 
 6.6 
 4 :. 
 4.6 
 4.4 
 t .*> 
 4.5 
 4.5 
 4.5 
 4 4 
 

 1055] Analytical Data for Soils 
 
 Composition of Z-l-2-8 Profiles (concluded) 
 
 Sample 
 No. 
 
 -p. ., Sand 
 De * )th >50„ 
 
 Silt 
 2-50/x 
 
 Fine 
 
 silt 
 
 2-20 M 
 
 Material 
 <5/x 
 
 Clav 
 
 <2m 
 
 Organic 
 matter 
 by H2O2 
 
 Exchangeable 
 
 Ca 
 
 Mg 
 
 Base 
 sat. 
 
 pH 
 
 Profile No. 32, Randolph county, Illinois (concluded) 
 
 
 inches 
 
 % 
 
 % 
 
 % 
 
 % 
 
 % 
 
 % 
 
 m.e. 
 
 m.e. 
 
 m.e. 
 
 % 
 
 
 521 .. . 
 
 . . 27-30 
 
 3.1 
 
 59.9 
 
 34.1 
 
 41.9 
 
 37.0 
 
 .6 
 
 16.0 
 
 7.9 
 
 7.6 
 
 50 
 
 4.4 
 
 522 .. . 
 
 . . 30-34 
 
 3.0 
 
 62.2 
 
 35.0 
 
 39.6 
 
 34.8 
 
 .6 
 
 14.5 
 
 8.2 
 
 7.5 
 
 52 
 
 4.6 
 
 523 .. . 
 
 . . 34-39 
 
 2.6 
 
 68.8 
 
 36.5 
 
 33.3 
 
 28.6 
 
 .0 
 
 
 
 
 
 4.6 
 
 524 .. . 
 
 . . 39-44 
 
 3.4 
 
 70.4 
 
 36.4 
 
 31.1 
 
 26.2 
 
 .3 
 
 8.7 
 
 8.7 
 
 7.0 
 
 65 
 
 4.9 
 
 525 .. . 
 
 . . 44-50 
 
 6.5 
 
 69.9 
 
 23.3 
 
 27.7 
 
 23.6 
 
 .2 
 
 
 
 
 
 5.4 
 
 
 
 
 Profile No. 
 
 33, Randolph 
 
 county, 
 
 Illinois 
 
 
 
 
 526 .. . 
 
 . . 0-5 
 
 5.0 
 
 81.2 
 
 40.5 
 
 20.1 
 
 13.8 
 
 1.3 
 
 8.3 
 
 2.7 
 
 1.0 
 
 33 
 
 4.9 
 
 527 .. . 
 
 . . 5-9 
 
 3.9 
 
 76.4 
 
 41.7 
 
 27.1 
 
 19.7 
 
 .0 
 
 7.1 
 
 4.2 
 
 2.2 
 
 49 
 
 5.4 
 
 528. . . 
 
 . . 9-13 
 
 4.0 
 
 71.7 
 
 47.6 
 
 32.1 
 
 24.3 
 
 .3 
 
 8.5 
 
 4.5 
 
 3.1 
 
 48 
 
 5.1 
 
 529 .. . 
 
 . . 13-17 
 
 3.5 
 
 67.9 
 
 40.2 
 
 36.0 
 
 28.6 
 
 9 
 
 11.1 
 
 5.1 
 
 4.1 
 
 46 
 
 4.9 
 
 530 .. . 
 
 . . 17-20 
 
 3.2 
 
 66.5 
 
 39.5 
 
 37.5 
 
 30.3 
 
 .1 
 
 
 
 
 
 4.8 
 
 531 .. . 
 
 . . 20-24 
 
 2.6 
 
 64.0 
 
 37.5 
 
 40.0 
 
 33.4 
 
 .1 
 
 
 
 
 
 4.8 
 
 532 .. . 
 
 . . 24-27 
 
 2.5 
 
 62.4 
 
 37.6 
 
 41.5 
 
 35.1 
 
 .1 
 
 10.8 
 
 6.8 
 
 6.0 
 
 DO 
 
 4.7 
 
 533 .. . 
 
 . . . 27-30 
 
 2.1 
 
 63.8 
 
 37.0 
 
 40.3 
 
 34.1 
 
 .1 
 
 
 
 
 
 4.6 
 
 534 .. . 
 
 . . 30-34 
 
 2.4 
 
 65.1 
 
 36.7 
 
 38.4 
 
 32 . 5 
 
 .1 
 
 
 
 
 
 4.6 
 
 535. . . 
 
 . . 34-40 
 
 2.3 
 
 66.9 
 
 36.4 
 
 36.8 
 
 30.8 
 
 .1 
 
 9.3 
 
 7.0 
 
 5.9 
 
 59 
 
 4.6 
 
 536 .. . 
 
 . . 40-46 
 
 2.8 
 
 68.3 
 
 34.6 
 
 33.7 
 
 28.9 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 4.6 
 
 537. . . 
 
 . . 46-50 
 
 2.7 
 
 71.7 
 
 35.8 
 
 30.5 
 
 25.6 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 4.7 
 
 538. . . 
 
 . . 50-55 
 
 3.0 
 
 72.5 
 
 35.1 
 
 29.6 
 
 24.5 
 
 
 
 5.1 
 
 7.4 
 
 5.4 
 
 72 
 
 4.8 
 
 539 .. . 
 
 . . 55-60 
 
 3.4 
 
 74.9 
 
 34.6 
 
 26.7 
 
 21.7 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 4.9 
 
 540. . . 
 
 . . 60-70 
 
 4.2 
 
 76.2 
 
 34.0 
 
 24.3 
 
 19.6 
 
 
 
 3.3 
 
 7.1 
 
 4.8 
 
 79 
 
 5.2 
 
 541. . . 
 
 . . 70-80 
 
 5.7 
 
 75.0 
 
 31.4 
 
 23.9 
 
 19.3 
 
 .1 
 
 
 
 
 
 5.5 
 
 Composition of Illinois State Profiles 
 
 Sample 
 
 Depth 
 
 Sand 
 
 Silt 
 
 Fine 
 
 silt 
 
 2-20 M 
 
 Material 
 
 Clay 
 
 Organic 
 
 
 Exchangeable 
 
 Base „tt 
 sat. pH 
 
 No. 
 
 >50/x 
 
 2-50 M 
 
 <5^ 
 
 <2m 
 
 matter 11 
 
 H 
 
 Ca 
 
 Mg 
 
 
 
 
 Profile No. 
 
 T39, Warren 
 
 county, 
 
 Illinois 
 
 
 
 
 
 inches 
 
 % 
 
 % 
 
 % 
 
 % 
 
 % 
 
 % 
 
 m.i 
 
 m.e. 
 
 m.e. 
 
 
 ; 
 
 17026. . . 
 
 0-2 
 
 1.43 
 
 76.6 
 
 28.6 
 
 (Not 
 
 12.4 
 
 (Not 
 
 28.6 2.71 
 
 154 7.5 
 
 17027. . . 
 
 2-5 
 
 .84 
 
 81.1 
 
 30.9 
 
 deter- 
 
 11.9 
 
 deter- 
 
 15.4 
 
 .88 
 
 108 7.0 
 
 17028. . . 
 
 5-8 
 
 .76 
 
 85.1 
 
 31.9 
 
 mined) 
 
 11.9 
 
 mined) 
 
 7.9 
 
 ..40 
 
 101 6.8 
 
 17029.., 
 
 8-12 
 
 .79 
 
 81.6 
 
 31.3 
 
 
 14.4 
 
 
 .4 5.6 
 
 .00 
 
 94 6.5 
 
 17030. . . 
 
 12-14 
 
 .81 
 
 80.7 
 
 31.2 
 
 
 16.5 
 
 
 1.4 5.8 
 
 .35 
 
 84 6.2 
 
 17031... 
 
 14-17 
 
 .75 
 
 75.0 
 
 29.2 
 
 
 22.2 
 
 
 5.0 6.0 2.06 
 
 61 4.9 
 
 17032... 
 
 17-19 
 
 .81 
 
 71.0 
 
 28.0 
 
 
 27.0 
 
 
 4.8 8.5 3.23 
 
 71 4.9 
 
 17033... 
 
 19-22 
 
 .79 
 
 69.9 
 
 28.8 
 
 
 28.8 
 
 
 4.8 9.7 3.82 
 
 
 M 5.2 
 
 17034... 
 
 22-25 
 
 1.07 
 
 69.3 
 
 28.7 
 
 
 28.9 
 
 
 4. 
 
 10.5 4.12 
 
 ' 
 
 '8 5.2 
 
 17035. . . 
 
 25-28 
 
 1.16 
 
 68.0 
 
 30.1 
 
 
 30.3 
 
 
 4.6 10.8 4.51 
 
 77 5.2 
 
 17036. . . 
 
 28-31 
 
 .93 
 
 69.5 
 
 28.8 
 
 
 28.9 
 
 
 5.4 10.3 4.19 
 
 73 5.1 
 
 17037. . . 
 
 31-33 
 
 .90 
 
 70.3 
 
 29.8 
 
 
 27.9 
 
 
 5.2 10.2 4.14 
 
 73 4.9 
 
 17038. . . 
 
 33-35 
 
 .86 
 
 71.2 
 
 28.6 
 
 
 27.3 
 
 
 4.8 10.0 4.30 
 
 75 5.2 
 
 17039. . . 
 
 35-37 
 
 .74 
 
 71.0 
 
 29.8 
 
 
 27.1 
 
 
 4.4 10.1 4.47 
 
 
 n 5.1 
 
 17040. . . 
 
 37-40 
 
 .89 
 
 70.4 
 
 29.9 
 
 
 28.2 
 
 
 3.8 10.5 4.77 
 
 80 5.1 
 
 17041... 
 
 40-43 
 
 .76 
 
 70.1 
 
 31.7 
 
 
 28.8 
 
 
 3.6 11.3 4.68 
 
 82 4.9 
 
 17042. . . 
 
 43-46 
 
 .73 
 
 69.6 
 
 31.5 
 
 
 29.4 
 
 
 3. 
 
 11.7 5.00 
 
 85 5 . 1 
 
 17043. . . 
 
 46-50 
 
 1.13 
 
 72.0 
 
 29.7 
 
 
 25.9 
 
 
 2.5 10.7 4.85 
 
 86 5.4 
 
 17044... 
 
 50-55 
 
 .68 
 
 72.1 
 
 33.5 
 
 
 26.2 
 
 
 2.3 11.2 4.99 
 
 88 5.6 
 
 17045. . . 
 
 55-60 
 
 .62 
 
 72.4 
 
 34.2 
 
 
 26.7 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 5.6 
 
 17046. . . 
 
 60-70 
 
 .55 
 
 72.3 
 
 32.5 
 
 
 26.6 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 5.9 
 
 17047... 
 
 70-80 
 
 .80 
 
 72.7 
 
 31.8 
 
 
 26.3 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 5.8 
 
 17048. . . 
 
 80-90 
 
 .82 
 
 77.1 
 
 31.8 
 
 
 21.6 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 6.0 
 
 17049. . . 
 
 90-100 
 
 .71 
 
 76.6 
 
 30.1 
 
 
 20.2 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 5.9 
 
 17050. . . 
 
 100-110 
 
 .94 
 
 78.0 
 
 25.8 
 
 
 19.1 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 6.3 
 
 17051... 
 
 110-120 
 
 1.28 
 
 75.8 
 
 28.6 
 
 
 18.9 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 6.4 
 
 17052. . . 
 
 125-140 
 
 .97 
 
 78.4 
 
 29.8 
 
 
 15.1 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 7.4 
 
78 
 
 Bulletin No. 587 
 
 [May, 
 
 Composition of Illinois State Profiles (concluded) 
 
 Sample 
 
 Depth 
 
 Sand 
 
 Silt 
 
 Fine 
 
 silt 
 
 2-20/i 
 
 Material 
 
 Clay 
 
 Organic 
 
 Ex 
 
 changeable 
 
 Base 
 
 PH 
 
 No. 
 
 >50 M 
 
 2-50/x 
 
 <5 M 
 
 <2 M 
 
 matter a 
 
 H 
 
 Ca 
 
 Mg 
 
 sat. 
 
 Profile No. 140, Henderson county, Illinois 
 
 17053... 
 
 0-4 
 
 1.56 
 
 72.8 
 
 24.3 
 
 (Not 
 
 11.4 
 
 (Not 
 
 .1 
 
 10.2 
 
 2.28 
 
 99 
 
 6.5 
 
 17054... 
 
 4-9 
 
 1.51 
 
 73.1 
 
 24.3 
 
 deter- 
 
 12.1 
 
 deter- 
 
 2.0 
 
 5 .5 
 
 1.57 
 
 76 
 
 5.7 
 
 17055... 
 
 9-12 
 
 1.50 
 
 77.2 
 
 25.0 
 
 mined) 
 
 12.5 
 
 mined) 
 
 1.8 
 
 5.2 
 
 1.28 
 
 77 
 
 5.6 
 
 17056... 
 
 . 12-15 
 
 1.28 
 
 82.3 
 
 23.6 
 
 
 15.1 
 
 
 1.5 
 
 5.3 
 
 1.52 
 
 81 
 
 5.5 
 
 17057... 
 
 . 15-18 
 
 1.27 
 
 80.3 
 
 23.8 
 
 
 17.7 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 5.3 
 
 17058. . . 
 
 . 18-21 
 
 1.40 
 
 78.0 
 
 22.1 
 
 
 19.8 
 
 
 2.2 
 
 7^2 
 
 2^60 
 
 81 
 
 5.5 
 
 17059... 
 
 . 21-24 
 
 1.40 
 
 76.1 
 
 22.1 
 
 
 21.0 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 5.5 
 
 17060... 
 
 . 24-27 
 
 1.32 
 
 75.8 
 
 19.5 
 
 
 22.1 
 
 
 3i7 
 
 7^9 
 
 3^65 
 
 75 
 
 5.2 
 
 17061... 
 
 . 27-30 
 
 1.41 
 
 76.2 
 
 21.6 
 
 
 22.0 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 5.2 
 
 17062... 
 
 . 30-32 
 
 1.24 
 
 75.8 
 
 23.5 
 
 
 20.6 
 
 
 3^9 
 
 7^4 
 
 3.29 
 
 73 
 
 5.2 
 
 17063... 
 
 . 32-34 
 
 1.34 
 
 78.0 
 
 24.3 
 
 
 19.7 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 5.3 
 
 17064... 
 
 . 34-36 
 
 1.35 
 
 79.5 
 
 23.1 
 
 
 19.4 
 
 
 2.8 
 
 i'.h 
 
 3.14 
 
 79 
 
 5.4 
 
 17065. . . 
 
 . 36-38 
 
 1.59 
 
 80.0 
 
 23.1 
 
 
 18.6 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 5.4 
 
 17066... 
 
 . 38-40 
 
 1.41 
 
 80.4 
 
 22.6 
 
 
 17.4 
 
 
 2^0 
 
 7.Z 
 
 3^00 
 
 83 
 
 5.4 
 
 17067... 
 
 . 40-44 
 
 1.30 
 
 81.5 
 
 22.0 
 
 
 16.7 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 5.5 
 
 17068... 
 
 . 44-48 
 
 1.60 
 
 80.4 
 
 21.1 
 
 
 17.3 
 
 
 1^5 
 
 7.8 
 
 3.12 
 
 87 
 
 5.5 
 
 17069... 
 
 . 48-52 
 
 1.90 
 
 78.0 
 
 23.0 
 
 
 18.2 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 5.6 
 
 17070... 
 
 . 52-56 
 
 2.54 
 
 78.0 
 
 22.6 
 
 
 18.3 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 5.6 
 
 17071... 
 
 . 56-60 
 
 3.04 
 
 78.3 
 
 22.8 
 
 
 17.4 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 5.6 
 
 17072... 
 
 . 60-70 
 
 3.44 
 
 79.0 
 
 21.0 
 
 
 16.5 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 5.6 
 
 17073... 
 
 . 70-80 
 
 3.40 
 
 78.4 
 
 20.2 
 
 
 16.2 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 5.7 
 
 17074... 
 
 . 80-90 
 
 5.29 
 
 78.5 
 
 16.9 
 
 
 14.5 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 5.9 
 
 
 
 
 Profile No. 
 
 144, Jersey county, Illinois 
 
 
 
 
 
 13095... 
 
 . 0-6 
 
 6.0 
 
 (Not 
 
 14.4 
 
 10.7 
 
 1.1 
 
 3.86 
 
 3.28 
 
 .29 
 
 52 
 
 5.45 
 
 13096... 
 
 6-14 
 
 4.6 
 
 determined) 
 
 22.5 
 
 18.3 
 
 .5 
 
 3.53 
 
 6.18 
 
 1.72 
 
 71 
 
 5.31 
 
 13097... 
 
 . 14-29 
 
 3.6 
 
 
 
 35.4 
 
 30.5 
 
 .4 
 
 7.38 
 
 9.5 
 
 3.70 
 
 67 
 
 5.75 
 
 13098... 
 
 . 29-36 
 
 3.8 
 
 
 
 32.9 
 
 27.2 
 
 .3 
 
 7.86 
 
 10.2 
 
 3.30 
 
 67 
 
 5 . 65 
 
 13099... 
 
 . 36-59 
 
 4.3 
 
 
 
 26.1 
 
 21.3 
 
 .2 
 
 6.41 
 
 8.3 
 
 4.50 
 
 67 
 
 5.95 
 
 13100... 
 
 . 59-73 
 
 5.8 
 
 
 
 18.5 
 
 15.3 
 
 2 
 
 3.59 
 
 7.8 
 
 3.40 
 
 76 
 
 6.50 
 
 13101... 
 
 . 73-88 
 
 3.6 
 
 
 
 19.8 
 
 15.4 
 
 .2 
 
 2.21 
 
 7.9 
 
 3.00 
 
 85 
 
 6.85 
 
 
 
 
 Profile No. 145, Madison 
 
 county, 
 
 Illinois 
 
 
 
 
 
 inches 
 
 % 
 
 % 
 
 % 
 
 % 
 
 % 
 
 % 
 
 m.e. 
 
 m.e. 
 
 m.e. 
 
 % 
 
 
 15841... 
 
 . 0-6 
 
 1.3 
 
 84.5 
 
 37.3 
 
 (Not 
 
 13.1 
 
 l.i 
 
 4.1 
 
 
 
 
 
 49 
 
 5.3 
 
 15842... 
 
 . 6-12 
 
 1.1 
 
 81.7 
 
 40.0 
 
 deter- 
 
 17.3 
 
 .5 
 
 5.1 
 
 
 
 
 
 44 
 
 5.0 
 
 15843... 
 
 . 12-14 
 
 1.1 
 
 78.9 
 
 39.4 
 
 mined) 
 
 19.9 
 
 .4 
 
 2.3 
 
 7 
 
 9 
 
 2 
 
 6 
 
 79 
 
 4.6 
 
 15844... 
 
 . 14-17 
 
 1.3 
 
 74.9* 
 
 39.2 
 
 
 23.8 
 
 .3 
 
 8.3 
 
 
 
 
 
 41 
 
 4.6 
 
 15845... 
 
 . 17-20 
 
 1.4 
 
 72.6* 
 
 37.6 
 
 
 26.0 
 
 .3 
 
 8.1 
 
 
 
 
 
 51 
 
 4.5 
 
 15846... 
 
 . 20-23 
 
 1.3 
 
 69.1* 
 
 36.4 
 
 
 29.6 
 
 .4 
 
 8.6 
 
 
 
 
 
 57 
 
 4.5 
 
 15847... 
 
 . 23-26 
 
 .8 
 
 66 . 5* 
 
 34.6 
 
 
 32.7 
 
 .4 
 
 9.3 
 
 9 
 
 7 
 
 4 
 
 6 
 
 57 
 
 4.6 
 
 15848... 
 
 . 26-29 
 
 .8 
 
 66.8* 
 
 34.2 
 
 
 32.4 
 
 .4 
 
 9.3 
 
 
 
 
 
 57 
 
 4.6 
 
 15849... 
 
 . 29-32 
 
 .7 
 
 67.1* 
 
 34.8 
 
 
 32.2 
 
 .3 
 
 7.3 
 
 
 
 
 
 66 
 
 4.9 
 
 15850... 
 
 . 32-35 
 
 .7 
 
 67.9* 
 
 35.6 
 
 
 31.4 
 
 .3 
 
 6.9 
 
 
 
 
 
 67 
 
 4.8 
 
 15851... 
 
 . 35-40 
 
 .7 
 
 69.1* 
 
 35.5 
 
 
 30.2 
 
 .3 
 
 5.9 
 
 
 
 
 
 71 
 
 4.9 
 
 15852... 
 
 . 40-45 
 
 .7 
 
 70.6* 
 
 35.8 
 
 
 28.7 
 
 .3 
 
 3.9 
 
 
 
 
 
 80 
 
 5.0 
 
 15853... 
 
 . 45-50 
 
 .8 
 
 71.6* 
 
 35.3 
 
 
 27.6 
 
 .3 
 
 3.3 
 
 
 
 
 
 83 
 
 5.3 
 
 15854... 
 
 50-55 
 
 .8 
 
 73.3* 
 
 33.3 
 
 
 25.9 
 
 .3 
 
 2.6 
 
 
 
 
 
 86 
 
 5.6 
 
 15855... 
 
 . 55-60 
 
 .9 
 
 74.8* 
 
 33.5 
 
 
 24.3 
 
 .3 
 
 2.0 
 
 
 
 
 
 89 
 
 5.6 
 
 15856... 
 
 . 60-70 
 
 1.2 
 
 83.2* 
 
 27.8 
 
 
 15.6 
 
 .2 
 
 .9 
 
 
 
 
 
 94 
 
 5.8 
 
 a Carbon by dry combustion X 1.74. 
 
 * Computed: 100 - (% sand >50 M + clay <2^). 
 
1955] 
 
 Analytical Data for Soils 
 
 Composition of Iowa State Profiles 
 
 Sample 
 No. 
 
 Depth 
 
 Sand Clay Organic Exchangeable 
 >50 M <2 m matter^ H Ca Mg 
 
 K 
 
 ■ pH 
 
 Profile No. P32, Tama county, Iowa 
 
 inches % % % m-e- m.e. 
 
 1 0-2 6.0 23.6 7.2 5.9 18.3 
 
 2 2-4 ... 3.7 11.0 5.4 
 
 3 4-7 5.0 20.6 2.7 11.2 
 
 4 7-10 ... .... 1.6 7.5 2.4 
 
 5 10-13 5.2 20.5 1.0 4.8 
 
 6 13-16 ... .9 4.6 6.9 
 
 7 16-19 4.8 29.7 .8 4.3 
 
 8 19-22 ... .7 4.5 11.2 
 
 9 22-25 5.2 35.5 .7 5.2 
 
 10 25-28 ... .8 5.6 12.8 
 
 11 28-31 5.8 35.3 .6 5.7 
 
 12 31-34 ... .6 5.6 12.7 
 
 13 34-37 7.1 32.3 .6 5.4 
 
 14 37-40 ... .6 ... 12.3 
 
 15 40-43 6.2 31.5 .7 5.0 
 
 16 43-46 ... .5 ... 12.7 
 
 17 46-49 6.5 29.4 .4 4.5 
 
 18 49-54 ... .4 ... 12.6 
 
 Profile No. P9I , Mar/on county, Iowa 
 
 1 0-3 4.8 16.1 (Not 5.4 5.1 
 
 2 3-6 5.1 15.0 deter- 4.4 5.4 
 
 3 6-9 4.5 17.6 mined) 3.6 6.4 
 
 4 9-12 4.7 20.4 3.2 6.4 
 
 5 12-15 4.0 24.2 3.8 6.8 
 
 6 15-18 3.4 31.9 5.2 8.5 
 
 7 18-21 3.0 34.5 6.0 9.7 
 
 8 21-24 2.7 36.3 6.7 
 
 9 24-28 3.2 35.7 7.0 10.8 
 
 10 28-32 3.2 36.4 7.2 
 
 11 32-36 3.0 37.6 6.5 11.2 
 
 12 36-40 2.9 35.2 6.4 
 
 13 40-45 3.9 33.3 5.6 12.3 
 
 14 45-50 3.1 32.8 5.3 
 
 15 50-55 3.6 32.5 4.9 12.7 
 
 16 55-60 2.9 30.5 4.4 
 
 17 60-65 3.8 31.2 4.6 12.7 
 
 18 65-70 3.1 29.7 4.0 
 
 19 70-75 3.1 26.5 3.8 12.4 
 
 Profile No. P96, Mahaska county, Iowa 
 
 1 0-4 3.3 24.0 (Not 
 
 2 4-8 3.2 23.8 deter- 4.0 
 
 3 8-12 2.9 22.0 mined) 4.4 5.6 
 
 4 12-15 2.7 26.0 3.0 
 
 15-18 2.7 31.9 3.4 
 
 18-21 3.5 37.8 3 
 
 7 21-24 €.2 38.9 3.8 
 
 24-27 3.0 3 
 
 27-30 2.9 37.7 3.8 13.0 
 
 10 30-34 3.0 36.3 3 
 
 11 34-38 3.9 34.3 3.4 12.4 
 
 12 38-42 3.4 33.5 
 
 13 42-47 2.2 32.1 3.3 
 
 14 47-52 2.4 30.8 
 
 15 52-57 2.9 30.2 3.2 12.2 
 
 16 57-63 2.7 30.1 
 
 17 63-70 3.7 27.7 2.4 11.8 
 
 18 70-80 3.1 26.8 
 
 80-90 3.6 26.5 1.6 11.3 
 
 a Silt 2-50m, fine silt 2-20m. material <on, and base saturation not determined. 
 
 b Carbon by dry combustion X 1.74. 
 
 m.e. 
 3.7 
 2.3 
 
 2.3 
 
 3^9 
 6^1 
 6.8 
 6.9 
 6^8 
 
 1.9 
 2.2 
 2.0 
 2.8 
 3.8 
 4.3 
 4.6 
 
 5.1 
 
 6.6 
 
 7.3 
 
 m.e. 
 29 
 48 
 
 32 
 
 42 
 54 
 62 
 55 
 59 
 57 
 49 
 
 (Not 
 deter- 
 mined) 
 
 5.5 
 4.1 
 
 3.8 
 3.9 
 4.2 
 4.4 
 4.4 
 4.4 
 4.4 
 4.4 
 4.4 
 4.4 
 4.5 
 
 4^7 
 
 4^7 
 4.6 
 
 4.6 
 4.7 
 4.8 
 4.8 
 4.6 
 4.4 
 4.3 
 
 4.*3 
 
 4.3 
 4^6 
 4^6 
 4.8 
 4^9 
 
80 
 
 Bulletin No. 58/ 
 
 Composition of Iowa State Profiles' 1 (concluded) 
 
 ; ample 
 No. 
 
 Depth 
 
 Sand 
 >50 M 
 
 Clav 
 <2m 
 
 Organic 
 matter b 
 
 Exchangeable 
 
 Ck 
 
 Mg 
 
 Profile No. P7 07 , Allamakee county, Iowa 
 
 1 
 
 inches 
 0-1 
 
 2 
 
 1-3 
 
 3 
 
 4 
 
 3-6 
 
 ... 6-8 
 
 
 . . . 8-10 
 
 6 
 
 10-12 
 
 7 
 
 12-15 
 
 8. . 
 
 15-18 
 
 9. . 
 
 18-21 
 
 10. . . . 
 
 . 21-24 
 
 11. . 
 
 . 24-27 
 
 12. . . 
 
 . 27-30 
 
 13 
 
 30-33 
 
 14 
 
 . 33-36 
 
 15. 
 
 36-39 
 
 16 
 
 . 39-42 
 
 17 
 
 42-45 
 
 18. . 
 
 45-48 
 
 19 
 
 48-51 
 
 14.6 
 
 9.0 
 
 8^7 
 
 7.4 
 6^8 
 
 6.3 
 
 % 
 
 % 
 
 m.e. 
 
 m.e. 
 
 m.e. m.e. 
 
 13.7 6.7 
 
 5.7 
 
 16.3 
 
 3.8 
 
 504 
 
 2.4 
 
 6.2 
 
 3.7 
 
 1.4 
 
 269 
 
 10.4 
 
 1 
 
 3.6 
 
 
 
 
 
 .0 
 
 3.9 
 
 4 4 
 
 1.9 
 
 220 
 
 15.5 
 
 .96 4.3 
 
 
 
 
 
 .94 4.7 
 
 7.2 
 
 2.9 
 
 338 
 
 23.6 
 
 .87 4.8 
 
 
 
 
 
 .89 5.3 
 
 10.1 
 
 4.9 
 
 405 
 
 30.6 
 
 .87 5.5 
 
 
 
 
 
 .75 5.2 
 
 12.1 
 
 5.9 
 
 426 
 
 29.2 
 
 .63 5.1 
 .54 4.7 
 
 
 
 
 27.1 
 
 
 4.7 
 
 
 
 
 24 '. 5 
 
 
 3^9 
 
 11.5 
 
 5.7 
 
 341 
 
 24.3 
 
 
 3^7 
 
 
 
 
 24.0 
 
 
 3^2 
 
 11 '. 5 
 
 5.9 
 
 274 
 
 a Silt 2-50m. fine silt 2-20^, material <5m, and base saturation not determined. 
 b Carbon by dry combustion X 1.74. 
 
 3500—5-55-56983