A/ 4-8 £. b| l^ll i ’ -r. ■■ 1 '-• • l &• ■ • u; > - • •• . M' s pAA :i fii*4 ; — s'Jes; . A '< ■» «*r 7£ : Building and Health Laws _ , jass. s« J ' , ,- „t*i AFFECTING Wmt—m—mmm—mmm THE CITY OF NEW YORK 1 ! II , r - ■ - 1 . A A'< . - ,-v ■•■>» The Tenement House Act The Building Code The Sanitary Code imlm ‘ i «/., ** to. . ALL AMENDMENTS UP TO DATE OF ISSUE * 7 > y /vf rv v ■» s ' t v w * y f -•• . ; ;y .■ a «fc ■, £ .'i.'.- ' j»4 ■ :>? > '■ ; : ' *f • . jj’fltyyjwx^-y, 4 ;- '** 5»V. ’A A" ' A i .- A; i- fe) #.. * r 1 . i, ’ .«>*• * , .■ a. « \ . . * •’ *■•• .• y * • r ' .... r *5 r i*Y iCK <• A. A A, % K/;, * A :■ ' i/t) - r ' ' Air < - - * 2 $ % BUILDING AND HEALTH LAWS and REGULATIONS AFFECTING THE CITY OF NEW YORK The Tenement House Law. The Building Code, The Sanitary Code, Department Rules and Regulations, Statute and Rules Regulating Plumbing, Garage and Blasting Regulations. Lodging House Regulations OFFICE OF PUBLICATION: E XGLE BUILDING, BROOKLYN, NEW YORK. n-Nfw York Po,f Of. econd-class matter. Vol. XXVf No 2 of ... I. >riry, Serial No. 121 • 1911. Trademark “Cagle Library," ■ I tered. Yearly aubscrlpi SI . ». Almanac Number, Joe. . BUILDING AND HEALTH LAWS AFFECTING THE CITY OF NEW YORK. r USE RADER’S FIBROUS PLASTER BOARD IN PLACE OF LATH (Patented) Plaster Boards Plaster Blocks Wall Coping Metal Lath Approved by the Municipal Departments of Greater New York KING’S WINDSOR CEMENT STANDARD PORTLAND CEMENTS WE DELIVER ANYWHERE IN GREATER NEW YORK \ I 1 ' mv~- QENERAL CONTENTS THE TENEMENT HOUSE LAW. PAGE Contents — The Tenement House Law 7 The Tenement House Act 13 Regulations fir the Construction of New Fire Escapes 25 ^ THE BUILDING CODE. Index to the Building Code 27 The Building Code 23 Rules and Regulations for Plumbing, Drainage, Water Supply and Ventilation of Buildings.. 52 “ Regulations of the Bureau of Buildings for the Testing of New Materials of Construction... 56 Regulations Governing Erection Moving Picture Halls 57 Regulations Governing Construction and Opera- tion of Elevators 58 Regulations Governing Construction of hire Escapes 59 THE BUILDING CODE— (Continued). TAM Regulations Governing the Construction and Op- eration of Mechanical Amusement Devices and Esculators Regulations Cioverning the Use of Concrete-Steel Construction Provisions Contained in Permit from Bureau of Highways to Place Building Materials on Street 61 Erection of Buildings Encroaching on Streets... 61 Regulating Electric Signs 62 Statute Relating to Plumbing in New York City. 62 General Statute Relating to Plumbing and Drain- age 68 THE SANITARY CODE. Index — The Sanitary Code 65 The Sanitary Code 6# Lodging House Regulations 81 GARAGE AND BLASTING REGULATIONS. Garage Regulations 8 3 Rules and Regulations of the Municipal Explo- sives Commission in Regard to Blasting.... 85 (f === ~~ == ^ The Public are cordially invited to call and in- spect Brooklyn’s 30 Acre Chicken Farm, the Aurora Leghorn Farm, 2406 Flatbush Ave. Come and see for yourself this model establishment, the system and manner in which we conduct our business. Chickens laying under such conditions can only mean one thing — the finest leghorn eggs that can be procured. AURORA LEGHORN FARM, TELEPHONE OrtO FLATBUSH. 2406 Flatbush Ave. R. P. ELLIS, Prop. EGGS DELIVERED TO RESIDENCES. BABY CHICKS FOR SALE. I — ■ - J BUILDING AND HEALTH LAWS AFFECTING THE CITY OF NEW YORK. FRED’K W. STARR, RUSSELL T. STARR, President. Treasurer. j.r mi WALTER J. THURBER, Sec’y and M*r. BAY8IDE SasMPoorCo. (Incorporated) 28th St. & Third Ave., Telephone 698 South. BROOKLYN, N. Y. Manufacturers and Dealers in Reliable Mill Work * Of All Descriptions. « We Carry in Stock White Pine Sash, White Pine Blinds, Cypress Doors, 4 Panel and 5x P anel. Oak and Cypress Front and Vestibule Doors. ALSO McMillen 's Hax Royal” Veneered and Birch and Celebrated 66 PUsiX | cl G£ll Oak Doors. Oak, Chestnut, Birch and Cypress Trim and Mouldings . Porch Columns, Rails and Balusters . Window Frames. Glass cf AH Descriptions • S* Always Pleased to Estimate from Plans and Specifications or Builders’ Own List*, L ‘fyi . Out r, 'i tTVTVFRsrry of fl | fvow » nm>*wv PREFACE AUG 8 8I9i e „ * * 4 * ^ - • ’ . C. v. HE provisions regulating building and health in New York City come from a variety of sources, and it is usually necessary to consult several books before reaching a conclusion on any such matter. A master plumber, before installing any plumbing device in a building, might have to examine the Building Code, the Sanitary Code and the Tenement House Act, only to find that the particular thing on which he desired information was covered by a section of the plumbing rules of the Build- ing Department, not usually accessible except on application there. A builder intending to blast out any foundations would learn that certain Fire Department rules must be strictly complied with, as well as those of the Building Department. It is for this reason that the Eagle Library on “Building and Health Laws” was compiled. The different enactments are based on the Charter in the first • ' : T •vides !' r a tenement house department, a department of health and a bureau of buildings. The provisions regulating tenement houses, which include apartment or Hat houses, are contained in the Tenement House Law, which is known as Chapter 61 of the Consolidated Laws of New York State, passed in 1909. This combines and codifies all former laws. The execution of this act is given to the Tenement House Department. The Building Code was the subject of much discussion in the aldermanic chambers during 1909. Finally a new Building Code was drawn up by the committee, but was vetoed by Mayor McClellan. The present code is a city ordinance adopted by the Board of Aldermen and Council, and approved by the Mayor, in 1899, pursuant to Section 647 of the Charter of 1897 and continued by Section 407 of the present Charter. All building operations are regulated principally by this code. There has been no change in these provisions during the past year, owing to the prospect of a new code, except minor changes included in the codification of the City ordinances. The more detailed health regulations of the city are contained in the Sanitary Code, which is the creation of the Board of Health under authority given by Section 1172 of the Charter. No provisions can be made in this code inconsistent with the Charter itself. This edition contains the new amendments regarding the sale uf milk and cold storage. These principal provisions, with other matter contained in this book, comprise the body of law on the sub- jects in question. T he Charter provisions have been omitted, as they can be found in the 1909 edition of the New York City Charter, Eagle Library No. 1 19. In the place of these have been inserted the regulations of the Bu- reau of Buildings for testing new materials, for the construction of outside fire escapes and in regard to the use of concrete-steel construction, the ordinances relating to placing building materials on streets, relating to bay windows, stoops and steps projecting beyond the building line, and the new ordinance regarding the encroachment of build- ings on streets; the general statute relating to plumbing and drainage, the garage regulations and the complete rules and regulations of the Monirimi Explosives r onm** ' -n regard to Hasting. BUILDING AND HEALTH LAWS AFFECTING THE CITY OF NEW YORK. TEL, 3637-L PROSPECT C. H. BRUNNER. * AND ft & jr FLOORS £ 57 I MAI ES FURNISHED 214 FLATBUSH AVENUE BROOKLYN, NEW YORK THE TENEMENT HOUSE LAW CONTENTS ARTICLE I. I DEFINITIONS. Article 1. SUort title; definitions (Sec- tion* 1, 2). I. General provisions (Sections 2-9). J. Protection from Are (Sections 15-41). 4. Light and ventilation (Sections 50-79). 5. Sanitary provisions (Sections 90-110). t. Requirements and remedies Sections 120-128). T. Registry of names and service of papers Sections 140- 144). g. Prostitution la tenement houses (Sections 150-160). 9. Application; laws repealed: j when to take effect (Sec- ] Hons 170-172). ARTICLE II. GENERAL PROVISIONS. Section 3. Buildings converted or al- tered. 4. Alterations and change in oc- cupancy. 5. Application to certain studio buildings 4. Application to Buffalo. 7. Tenement house fronting on a part of Riverside drive In New York City. 8. Building regulations. 9. Penalties. 10 Time for compliance. S3. Stair halls, public halls and entrance halls. 34. Alteration of wooden tene- ment houses. 36. Shafts. 37. Plastering behind wainscot- ing. 38. Wooden buildings on same lol with a tenement house. 39. Combustible materials. 40. Bakeries and fat boiling. 41. Other dangerous businesses. ARTICLE IV. LIGHT AND VENTILATION. Section 50. Percentage of lot occupied. 51. Height. 52. Yards. 53. Yards of interior lots. 54. Yards of corner lots. 55. Yard spates of lots running through from street to street. 56. Courts. 57. Outer courts. 58. Inner courts. 59. Outer and Inner courts. 30. Rear tenements. 61. Buildings on same lot with tenement houses. 62. Rooms, lighting and ventila- tion of. 63. Windows in rooms. 64. RoomB. size of. 65. Alcoves and alcove rooms. 66. Public halls. 67. Windows and skylights for public halls, size of. 68. Windows for stair halls, size of. ARTICLE III. PROTECTION FROM FIRE. Section 15. Fireproof tenement, when re- quired. ie. Fire-escapes. 17. Bulkhead*. 18. Stair* and public halls. 1». Stairway* In aon-flreproof bdlHoi* jo Stairways In flrep.-MOf build- j Inge. 11. Stairways and stairs 22. Stair halls. 33. Entranc* halls 24. First tier of beams. 25. Partitions. 26. Cellar stairs In noo-fireproof buildings 27. Cellar stairs In flreproo' buildings. 28. Closet under first story' stairs 29. Cellar entrance. SO Kiri atop* ™ 31. Wooden tenement houses. 43. Scuttles, bulkheads, ladders and stairs. 63. Privacy. 70. Percentage of lot occupied. 71. Yards. 72. Additional rooms and halls. 73. Rooms, lighting and ventila- tion of. 74. Public halls, lighting of. 75. Light and vent shafts In ex- isting buildings. 76. Public halls. 77. Skylights. 78. Chimneys and fireplaces. 79. Vent shafts. \ ARTICLE V. SANITARY PROVISIONS. Section 90. Basements and cellars. 91. Shafts, courts, areas and ! yards. 92. Water supply. 93. Water closet accommoda- tions. 94. Plumbing. 96. Basements and cellars. 96. Janitor's aparini*nis In cel- lars. 97. Water closets. 98. Public sinks. 99. Privy vaults, school sinks aa4 water closets. 100. Basements and cellars. 101. Cellar walls and celling*. 102. Repairs. 103. Water supply. 104. Cleanliness of building*. 105. Shafts and courts. 106. Walls of courts and shaft*. 107. Wall paper. 108. Receptacles for ashes, gap* bage and refuse. 109. Prohibited uses. 110. Janitor or housekeeper. 111. Overcrowding. ARTICLE VI. REQI IRE.NE.VrS AND REMEDIES. Section 120. 121 . 122 . 123 ! 124. 125. 126. 127. 128. Permit to commence build* ing. Certificate of compliance. Unlawful occupation. Enforcement. Penalties for violations. Violation of building law* ordinances and regulation*. Procedure. Liens. Lis pendens. ARTICLE VII. REGISTRY OF NAMES AND SEIIVICR OF PAPERS. Section 140. Registry of owner’s name. 141. Registry of agent's name. 142. Service of notices and o“- tiers. 143. Service of summons 144. Indexing names. ARTICLE VIII. PROSTITUTION IN TENEMENT HOUSES. Section 150. 151. 152. 153. 1 54. 156. 156 . 167. 168. 159. 160. Vagrancy. Lien. Permission of lessee Perraleslon of owner. Rulet of evidence. Title of action ai-d partle*. Jurisdiction and procedure. Judgment. Sale of property. Receivership. Cancellation of notice of pen- dency of action. . ARTICLE IX. VI'PI.K VTIONi LAWS RKPRALED| WHEN TO TIKE EFFECT. Section 170. Application. 171 . Ixiws repealed. 172 . When to tHke effeot. BUILDING AND HEALTH LAWS AFFECTING THE CITY OF NEW YORK. The Piano Industry As Exemplified by THE HOUSE OF WISSNER The Wissner Piano Factory— one of the largest in the country— is located in Brooklyn. From the time of its inception the Wissner Piano has been a piano of the highest class. It has been on the maiket o\er thirty-one years. Brooklyn being the center of many prominent musical institutions, and the home of countless artists of note, the Wissner Piano had natural advantages which brought it to the front in less than half the time taken by other pianos. Before being on the market ten years, its exclusive features were rec- ognized by artists and musicians of repute. Upon the completion ot the WISSNER ARTIST UPRIGHT GRAND PIANO, it was placed be- fore a congress of world famous musicians. They were astounded. They came to criticise— they left converts all. The Brooklyn Daily Eagle, under date of September 2oth, 1909, states. • * * “Some years ago Mr. Wissner made himself famous throughout the world and caused the wonderment of musicians by introducing a grand piano In upright form, upon which he had been working many years. A grand piano “ principle of construction and tone, but an upright in torm and size, great has been the demand for these instruments in recent years that it has be- come necessary to remove to larger quarters several times ToJL&j X* is one of the largest and most important piano houses in the L n.ted states. Some of the world’s greatest musicians have made their initial tour and inc.dent- ally their reputation with a WISSNER PIANO as an accessory. WISSNER WAREROOMS 538-540 FULTON STREET, BROOKLYN BUILDING AND HEALTH LAWS AFFECTING THE CITY OF NEW YORK. 9 Brooklyn Branch and Warehouse 871 FLUSHING AVENUE Brooklyn Telephone 3742 Williamsburg in answering this advertisement, please mention Eagle Library Acme Metal V Ceiling Co. Manufacturers, Contractors, Erectors Private House Work Our Specialty. Also Stores , Churches, Schools and All Public Buildings METAL CEILINGS, WALLS, WAINSCOTINGS AND ARCHITECTURAL SHEET METAL WORK 871 Flushing Avenue Near Broadway L. ROT HB ART BROOKLYN, N. Y. Manager Main Office and Warehouse Acme Building 2295 SECOND AVENUE New York BUILDING 'AND HEALTH LAWS AFFECTING THE CITY OF NEW YORK. Telephone 616-J Hamilton FRED HASSLER ARCHITECTURAL IRON WORKS Fire Escapes Plain and Ornamental Iron Railings Area Gates, Window Guards, Gratings, Iron Stairs, Shutters, Doors, Columns, Beams, Bridle Irons and Anchors tor Buildings 2 and 4 Sullivan Street Corner Dwight Street BROOKLYN, N. Y. ■ Jobbing and Repairing Promptly AtV ndod To BUILDING AND HEALTH LAWS AFFECTING THE CITY OF NEW YORK. 11 ANDREW D. BAIRD, President ANDREW R. BAIRD. Vice-Prea. WILLIAM W. BAIRD, Secy. & Treat. Andrew D. Baird & Sons, INCORPORATED. CUT STONE CONTRACTORS Cor. Wythe Ave. and Keap Street, BOROUGH OF BROOKLYN, N. Y. Telephone 4700 Williamsburg BUILDING AND HEALTH LAWS AFFECTING THE CITY OF NEW YORK. NOTICE KEEP THIS for Reference WE DO FIRST GLASS WORK ONLY NOTICE OUR PRICES THE BIJOU Upholstery® Slip Cover Co A 158 Livingston Street Opp. A. D. Matthews Brooklyn, N.Y. Five-piece Parlor Suit, reupholstered in Tapestry or Velour, silk gimp and cord, new A springs if nec- |P .Jl |fj|Wjg UU essary; every- dl HHI H liUU thing made like new, sat- isfaction guar- anteed. SLIP COVERS AiMY SIZE TO ORDER Five-piece Suit com- ^ „ plete, made from Ger- ^ man Linen Stripes, shrunk binding, Write, Gall or Phone 5393 Main and Our Representative Will Gall With Samples THE BIJOU UPHOLSTERY * SUP COVER CO. Opp. A. D. Matthews 158 Livingston Street Phone 5393 Main I'pwa r4. 4 THE TENEMENT HOUSE LAW INCLUDING THE 1910 BULKHEAD AMENDMENT. AX ACT IX RELATION TO TENEMENT HOUSES, CONSTITUTING CHAPTER 61 OF THE CONSOLIDATED LAWS. Article 1. Short title: definitions (Sec- tions 1, 2). 1. General provisions (Sections 8 — *9). 3. Protection from fire (Sections 15—41). 4. Light and ventilation (Sections 50—79). 5. Sanitary provisions (Sections 90 — *110). 6. Requirements and remedies (Sections 120—128). 7. Registry of names and service of papers (Sections 140 — 144). S. Prostitution In tenement houses (Sections 150—160). 9. Application; laws repealed; when to take effect (Sec- tions 170-172). ARTICLE I. HHORT TITliEi DEFINITIONS. Section 1. Short title. 2. Definitions. Short title. Section 1. This chapter shall be known •s the “Tenement House Law." Definitions. Section 2. Certain words In this chap- ter are defined for the purposes thereof as follows; (1.) A “tenement house” Is any house ®r building, or portion thereof, which Is rented, leased, let or hired out, to be oc- cupied. or Is occupied as the home or residence of three families or more liv- ing independently of each other, and do- ing their coking upon the premises, or by more than two families upon any floor, so living and cooking, but having a common right In the halls, stairways, yards, water-closets or privies, or soma of them. (2.) A "yard” Is an open unoccupied • pace on the same lot with n tenement house, between the extreme rear line of the house and the rear line of tho lot. (2.) A “court” Is an opon unoccupied space, other than a yard, on tbo same lot wltfe a tenement house. A court not extending to the street or yard Is an In- ner court. A court extending to the street or yard Is an outer court. If It extends to the street It Is a street court. If It extends to the yard It Is a yard court. (4.) A "shaft” Includes exterior and in- •»o In original. terlor shafts, whether for air, light, ele- vator. dumbwaiter, or any other purpose. A “vent shaft” is one used solely to ven- tilate or light a water-closet compart- ment or bathroom. (5.) A "public hall” Is a hall, corridor or passageway not within an apartment. (6.) A "stair hall” includes the stairs, stair landings and those portions of the public halls through which it is neces- sary to pass in going between the en- trance floor and the roof. (7.) A "basement” Is a story partly but not more than one-half below the level of the curb, (S.) A "cellar” Is a story more than one-half below the level of the curb. (9.) A "fireproof tenement house” Is one the walls of which are constructed of brick, stone, Iron or other hard in- combustible material, and In which there are no wood beams or lintels, and in which the floors, roofs, stair halls and publio halls are built of brick, Btone, Iron or other hard Incombustible material, and In which no woodwork or other Inflamma- ble material Is used In any of the parti- tions, furrings or ceilings. But this definition shall not he construed as pro- hibiting, elsewhere than In the stair halls or entrance halls, the use of wooden flooring on top of the fireproof floors or the use of wooden sleepers, nor as prohibiting wooden handrails and hard-wood treadB such as de scribed In Section Twenty-two of this chapter. (10.) The word “shall” Is always man- datory, and not directory, and denotes that the bouse shall be maintained In all respects according to the mandate, as long as It continues to be a tenement house. (11.) Wherever the words "charter.” "ordinances,” "regulations,” "department of buildings," "department of health, “de- partment of water supply,” "fire depart- ment,” “department charged with the en- forcement of this chapter,” "corporation counsel,” "city treasury” or “fire limits” occur In this chapter they shall he con- strued as If followed by the words “of the city In which the tenement house Is situated.” Wherever tho words “Is oc- cupied” are used In this chapter, apply- ing to any building, such words shall ho construed as If followed by the words "or Is Intended, arranged or designed to bo occupied.* (12.) The “height" of n tenement house Is tho porpendlcular distance measured In a straight line from the curb level to the highest point of the roof beams, the measurements In all cases to ho taken through the center of tho facade of tho house. Where a building Is on a cor- ner lot and there Is more than one grade or level, the measurements shall bo taken through the center of the facado on tho strcul having tho greatest giadu, _ ARTICLE II. GENERAL PROVISIONS. Section 3. Buildings converted or altered. 4. Alterations and change in oo- cupancy. 5. Application to certain studio buildings. 6. Application to Buffalo. 7. Tenement house fronting on a part of Riverside drive In New York City. 8. Building regulations. 9. Penalties. 10. Time for compliance. Buildings converted or altered. Sec. 3. A building not erected "for use as a tenement house, if hereafter con- verted or altered to such use, shall there- upon become subjet to all the provisions of this chapter affecting tenement houses hereafter erected. A tenement housa not now completed, but the excavation for which shall have been commenced in good faith on or before the first day of June, nineteen hundred and one, after approval of the plans therefor by the department of buildings, and the first tier of beams of which shall have been set on or before the first day of August, nineteen hundred and one, shall he subject only to the pro- visions of this chapter affecting now existing tenement houses; provided that the plans for said house were filed in said department on or before the tenth day of April, nine- teen hundred and one, and were in ac- cordance with the laws in force at the time of filing, and that tho building is built in accordance with such laws. Altcrntlona nnd ah mi go In occupancy See. 4. No tenement house shall at any time bo altered so as to ho in violation of any provision of this chapter. If any tenement house or any part thoreof Is oc- cupied by more families than provided In this chapter, or is erected, altered or oc- cupll d c ontrary to law, such tenement house shall be deomed an unlawful struc- ture, and the department charged with tho enforcement of tills chapter may cause such building to be vacated. And such building shall not again be occu- pied until it or its occupation, ns the case may be, flag bocn made to conform to tho law. Appllcntion io certain ntudlo hull, I. Ing>, Sec, 6. A studio building eroded after May 1, nineteen hundred and one, and prior to October first, nineteen hundred and live. In a city of tho firat class upon a lot nut legs than seventy-five feet In width by one hundred feet In depth, which building contains not l< m« than fourteen studios, each with a window not less ihuu BUILDING AND HEALTH LAWS AFFECTING THE CITY OF NEW YORK. ten feet in height and ten feet in "width, such studio building being occupied and used by three families or more, living in- dependently of each other and doing their cooking on the premises, shall be and hereby is declared exempt from the re- quirements and provisions of sections fif- ty-one, sixty-four, sixty-six, sixty-seven, • lxty-eight, seventy-four, seventy-nine, ninety, subdivision one; ninety-three, ninety-five, one hundred and twenty and and hundred and twenty-one of this chap- ter. Application to Buffalo. Sec. 6. The provisions of chapter th;:e hundred and thirty-four of the laws of nineteen hundred and one shall not be deemed to have applied to the City of ’luffalo before January first, nineteen hundred and two. Tenement houses fronting on a part of Riverside drive in Sew -ork City. Sec. 7. In the case of a tenement house hereafter erected on Riverside drive or parkway, between One Hundred and Thir- ty-sixth street and One Hundred and Fif- tieth street, in The City of New York, on a corner lot formed by the intersec- tion of a street passing under said drive or parkway, the measurements for deter- mining the height of said house and the number of its stories, may be taken on said drive or parkway; provided, however, that no part of said building which is below the curb level of said drive or parkway is occupied for living purposes, except by the janitor of said building and has family; and provided also that there shall not be more than one story below the level of said drive or parkway, and that said story -shall not exceed fifteen feet in height. Building regulations. See, 8. Except as herein otherwise specified, every tenement house shall be constructed and maintained in conformity with the existing law. but no ordinance, regulation or ruling of any municipal au- thority shall modify or dispense w::h any provision of this chapter. Penalties. Sec. 5. All penalties collected under this chapter shall be paid into the city treasury. Time for compliance. Sec. 10. All alterations required by this chapter upon tenement houses erected prior to April twelfth, nineteen hundred and one, shall be made within one year from said date, or at such earlier period as may be fixed by the departments charged with the enforce- ment of this chapter. w ARTICLE III. PROTECTION FROM FIRE. Section 15. Fireproof tenement, when re- quired. IS. Fire-escapes. 17. Bulkheads. 18. Stairs and public halls. 19. Stairways In non-fireproof buildings. 20. Stairways in fireproof build- ings. 21. Stairways and stairs. 22. Stair halls. 23. Entrance halls. 24. First tier of beams. 25. Partitions. 26. Cellar stairs in non-fireproof buildings. 27. Cellar stairs in fireproof buildings. 28. Closet under first story stairs. 29. Cellar entrance. 30. Fire stops. 31. Wooden tenement houses. 32. Scuttles, bulkheads, ladders and stairs. 33. Stair halls, public halls and entrance halls. 34. Alteration of wooden tene- ment houses. 36. Shafts. 37. Plastering behind wainscoting. 38. Wooden buildings on same lot with a tenement house. 39. Combustible materials. 40. Bakeries and fat boiling. 41. Other dangerous businesses. Fireproof tenement, when required. Sec. 15. Every tenement house here- after erected exceeding six stories or parts of stories in height above the curb level, shall be a fireproof tenement house, nor shall any tenement house be altered so as to exceed such height without be- ing made a fireproof tenement bouse. A cellar the ceiling of which does not ex- tend more than two feet above the curb level is not a story within the mean- ing of this section. Where, however, a tenement house hereafter erected is lo- cated on a street of which the grade is more than four feet in one hundred feet, a cellar or basement, the ceiling of which does not extend more than six inches above the highest point of the curb level, is not to be deemed a story within the meaning of this section, provided, how- ever, that no part of such cellar or base- ment is occupied or arranged to be occu- pied for living purposes except by the janitor of such building and his family, and provided also that such cellar or basement is the lowest story of such building. Fire-escapes. Sec. 16. 1. Every non-fireproof tene- ment house hereafter erected, unless provided with fireproof outside stairways directly accessible to each apartment, shall have fire-escapes located and con- structed as in this subdivision required, except that tenement houses that are less than four stories in height and which also do not contain accommoda- tions for more than four families in all, may be equipped with such other iron, steel, or wire cable fire-escapes as may be approved by the department charged with the enforcement of this chapter. Such escapes must be capable of sus- taining two thousand pounds, and be of sufficient length to reach from the top floor to the ground, and with rungs not more than twelve inches apart and not less than fifteen inches in length. All fire-escapes shall open directly from at least one room or private hall in each apartment at each story above the ground floor, other than a bathroom or water-closet compartment, and shall not include the window of a stair hall, and such room or private hall shall be an integral part of said apartment and accessible to every room thereof without passing through a public hall. Access to fire-escapes shall not be obstructed in any way. No fire-escape shall be placed in a court except where required by law for apartments not having a room either on the street or yard as provided in section fifty-six of this chapter. Fire-escapes may project into the public highway to a distance not greater than four feet beyond the build- ing line. All fire-escapes shall consist of outside open iron or stone balconies and stairways. All balconies shall be not less than three feet in width and shall include at least one window or outside door of each apartment, at each story above the ground floor. All stairways shall be placed at an angle of not more than sixty degrees, with flat open steps not less than six inches In width and tw-enty inches in length and with a rise of not more than; tune inches. The open- ings for stairways in all balconies shall be not less than twenty-one by twenty- eight inches, and shall have no covers of any kind. The balcony on the top floor, except in the case of a balcony on the street, shall be provided with a stairs or with a goose-neck ladder lead- ing from said balcony to and above the roof and properly fastened thereto. A drop ladder shall be provided from the lowest balcony of sufficient length to reach to a safe landing place beneath. All fire-escapes shall be constructed and erected to safely sustain in all their parts a safe load, and if of iron shall re- ceive not less than two coats of good paint, one in the shop and one after erection. In addition to the foregoing requirements, all fire-escapes hereafter erected upon tenement houses shall be constructed in accordance with such supplementary regulations as may be adopted toy the de- partment charged with the enforcement of this chapter. 2. Every non-fireproof tenement house shall be provided either with fireproof outside stairways, of with fire-escapes directly accessible to each apartment without passing through a public hall- way. All fire-escapes hereafter erected on any tenement house shall be located and constructed as described in subdivi- sion one of this section. The owner of every tenement house shall keep all the fire-escapes thereon in good order and repair, and whenever rusty shall have them properly painted with two coats of good paint. No person shall at any time place any incumbrance of any kind be- fore or upon any such fire-escape. Fire-escapes oil existing houses. 3. In the case of tenement houses erected prior to April tenth, nineteen hundred and one, fire-escapes that are already erected shall be deemed suffi- cient in the following cases; (1.) If located on the front or rear wall of the building and properly connected with stairs or stationary ladders with proper openings. (2.) If located in an outer court at a point distant not more than thirty feet from the outer end of such court and provided such court is not less than five feet in width from wall to wall at any point between such fire-escape and the outer end of said court. (3.) If located in an Inner court whose least horizontal dimension is not less then fifteen feet measured from wall to wall. . (4.) ir a party- wall balcony on the front or rear wall of the building and there are no doors or openings in the walls between the two buildings other than windows in fireproof air-shafts. (5.) If a party-wall balcony located in an outer court not more than fifteen feet in length measured from the outer end of such court to the innermost point thereof, and not less than five feet in width from wall to wall at any point between such fire-escape and the outer end of said court, and provided also that there are no doors or openings in the walls between the two buildings ocher than windows in fireproof air- shafts. (6.) If the fire-escapes are located on tenement houses that are less than four stories in height and which also do not contain accommodations for more than four families in all, and they are such iron steel or wire-cable fire-escapes as are provided for in subdivision one ot this section. But. however, no fire-escape shall ne deemed sufficient unless the following conditions are complied with: a. All parts of it shall be of iron or stone. . . b. Every apartment above the ground floor in each tenement house shall have a fire-escape directly accessible to it without passing through a public hall. c All balconies shall toe properly connected with each other by adequate stairs or stationary ladders, with open- ings not less than twenty-one by twenty- eight inches, except In the i»se of a party-wall balcony as prescribed in groups four and five of this subdivision. d. All fire-escapes shall have proper drop ladders from the lowest balcony of sufficient length to reach a safe land- ing place beneath. e. All fire-escapes not on the street shall have a safe and adequate means THE TENEMENT HOUSE LAW. IS •f «grtsn from tha yard or court to the •treat or to the adjoining premises. f. Prompt and ready access shall be had to all fire-escapes. which shall not be obstructed by bath tubs, water- closets, sinks or other fixtures, or in any other way. .¥11 fire-escapes that are already erected which do not conform to the requirements of this subdivision may be altered by tha owner to make them so conform in lieu of providing new fire- escapes, but no existing fire-escape shall be extended or have Its location changed except with the written approval of the department charged with the enforce- ment of this chapter. Where an existing apartment In a tenement house erected prior to April tenth, nineteen hundred and one, Is located entirely on a court and has no rooms opening on the street or yard, fire-escapes hereafter provided for such apartments may he' located in courts under the same condilons as pre- scribed for existing fire-escapes in this subdivision. All new ladders that are provided for existing fire escapes shall be constructed lp accordance with such regulations as may be adopted by said department. 4. Whenever a. non-flreproof tenement house Is not provided with sufficient means of egress in case of fire, the de- partment charged with the enforcement or this chapter may order such additional fire-escapes or other means of egress as In Its Judgment may be necessary. ( A* amended by Chapter 354, Laws of 1909.) Bulkheads. Sec. 17. Every tenement house hereafter erected shall have in the roof a fire- proof bulkhead with a fireproof door to the same, and shall have fireproof stairs with a guide or hand rail leading to the roof, except that in tenement houses hereafter erected, which do not exceed feur etorles and cellar in height, and which alao are not occupied or arranged to he occupied by more than two families on any floor, such bulkheads may be of wood covered with metal on outside and on inalda aball be lathed with metal lath and plastered thereon with two coats of mortar, or shall be covered with good quality plaster boards not less than one-half Inch In thickness made of plaster and strong fibre, with all Joints trade true and well pointed. The stairs leading to such bulkheads shall be con- structed as specified In sections eighteen to twenty-three of this chapter fAs amended by Chapter 445. Laws of 1910.) Stairs and public halls. Sec. 18. Every tenement house here- after erected shall have at least one flight of stairs extending from the en- trance floor to the roof, and the stairs and public halls therein shall each be at Isaat three feet wide In the clear. • fairway* I" non-flreproof hnlldlnae §ee. 19. Every non -fireproof tene- ment bouse hereafter erected con- taining over twenty-six apartments or suite* of rooms above the en- trance story shall also have an Ad- ditional flight of stairs for every ad- ditional twenty-six apartments or fra. - tlon thereof; If said house contains not •noro than thirty-six apartments abovs the entrance story. In lien of an Addi- tional stairway, the stairs, stair halls and entrance halls throughout the en» [re- building may each be at least one-half wider than Is specified In sections eigh- teen and twenty-three of this chapter. Stairways In fireproof l> n 1 1 <1 1 n a •. Sec. 20. Every fire-proof tenement house hereafter erected containing over thirty-six apartments or suites of rooms shove the entrance story shall also have an additional flight of stslrs for every additional thirty-six apartments or fra - tlon thereof: but If said house tontain not more than forty-eight spartnient* above the entrance story. In Hsu of an additional stairway the stairs. .« air halls and entrance halls throughou- the entire Building may aach be at least ont-baif wider than Is specified In sections eigh- teen and twenty-three of this chapter. And if said house contains not more than eighty-four apartments above the en- trance story in lieu of three stairways there may be but two stairways, pro- vided that one of such stairways and the stair halls and entrance halls connected therewith are at least one-half wider than is specified In sections eighteen and twenty-three of this chapter. Stairways and stairs. Sec. 21. Each flight of stairs mentioned In the last three sections shall have an entrance on the entrance floor from the street or street court, or from an inner court which connects directly with the street. All stairs shall be constructed with a rise of not more than eight Inches and with treads not less than ten Inches wide and not less than three feet long in the clear. Winders will not be permitted except in a tenement house provided with a power passenger elevator. Where winders are used, all treads at a point eighteen, inches from the strings on the well side shall be at least ten Inches wide .Stair ball*. Sec. 22. The stair halls In all non- flreproof as well as fireproof tene- ment houses hereafter erected shall be constructed as in this section and the following section specified. In tenement houses hereafter erected which either are occupied or are arranged to be occupied by more than two families on any floor, or which exceed four stories and cellar in height, the stair halls shall be con- structed of fire-proof material through- out. The risers, strings and banisters shall be of metal or stone. The tread shall be of metal, slate or stone, or of hardwood not less than two inches thick. Wooden hand rails io stairs will be per- mitted if constructed of hard wood. The floors of all such stair halls shall ba constructed of Iron or steel beams and fireproof filling, and no wooden flooring or sleepers shall be permitted. In tene- ment houses hereafter erected which do not exceed four stories and cellar In height and which are not occupied or arranged to be occupied by more than two families on any floor, the stair halls shall either be constructed of iron beams and fireproof filling, or shall be filled In between the floor beams wlfh at least, five inches of cement deafening. In such houses the stairs shall be iron or stone, or may be of wood, provided the soffits are covered with metal lath and plas- tered with two coats of mortar, or with good quality plaster-boards not less than one-half inch In thickness, made of plas- ter and strong fiber and all Joints made true and well-pointed. 2. In every non-flreproof tenement house hereafter erected which cither Is occupied or Is arranged to be occupied by more than two families on any floor, or which exceeds four stories and cellar in height, all stair halls •■hall be In- closed on all sides with brick walls. The doors opening from such stair halls shall be fireproof and self-closing, and If pro- vided with glass such glass shall be of good quality wire glass. There shall be no transom or movable sash opening from such stair hall to any other part of the house. Each stair hall shall be shut o(T from all non-flreproof portions of I the public halls and from all other non- flreproof parts of the building, on ench story, by self-closing fireproof door*, and if glass Is used In such doors It shall be of good quality wire glass, in tenement houses hereafter erected which do not exceed four stories and cellar ’n height, and which also are not occupied or arranged to be occupied by more than two families on nnv floor, the sialr halls shall be inrlosed on all side* with brick walls or with partitions of angle iron and fire-proof blocks no less than four Inches thick: In tenement houses here- after erected which do not exrccd three stories and • ellar In he|gtv and which also ar» not occupied or arranged to he occupied by mors than two families on any floor, the stair halls may be inclosed with wooden stud partitions, provided such partitions are covered on both sides with metal lath, or with good quality plaster boards not less than one-half inch in thickness, made of plaster and strong fiber and all joints made true and well- pointed, and provided that the' space be- tween the studs is filled in with brick to the height of the floor beams. Entrance halls. Sec. 23. Every entrance hall in a tene- ment hotise hereafter erected shall bs at least three feet six inches wide In tha clear, from the entrance up to and in- cluding the stair inclosure, and beyond this point at least three feet wide In tha clear, and shall comply with all the con- ditions of the preceding sections of this article as to the construction of stair halls, except that in a fireproof tene- ment house hereafter erected it may ba inclosed with terra cotta blocks not less than four inches thick and angle Iron construction, instead of brick walls. If such entrance hall is ihe only entrance to more than one flight of stairs, that portion of said hall between the entrance and the first flight of stairs shall be In- increased one-half in width in every part for each such additional flight of staii'3. In every tenement house hereafter erect- ed, access shall be bad from the street to the yard, either in a dirct line or through a court. First tier of beaus. See. 24. In all non-flreproof as well as fireproof tenement houses hereafter erected five stories or more in height, exclusive of the cellar, the first floor above the lowest cellar, or, if there be no cellar, above the lowest story, shall be constructed fireproof with iron or steel beams and fireproof flooring; and the bottom flanges anrl all exposed por- tions of such iron or steel beams below the abutments of the floor arches or fill- ing shall be entirely encased with hard- burnt clay or porous terra cotta, or with metal lath properly secured and plas- tered on the under side. In all non-flre- proof tenement houses hereafter erected less than five stories In height where the first floor above the lowest cellar, or, if there be no cellar, above the lowest story, is not constructed fireproof with Iron or steel beams and fireproof floor- ing. the cellar celling of said tenement house shall be lathed with metal lath and plastered thereon with two coats of brown mortar of good materials, or shall be covered with plaster hoards not less than one-half inch in thickness, made of plaster and strong fiber and all joints made true and well-pointed. Pm rt It Inn x. Sec. 25. In all non-flreproof tenement houses hereafter erected, fore and aft stud partitions which rest directly over each other shall run through the wooden floor beams and rest upon the plate of the partition below, and shall have the studding tilled In solid between the up- rights to Ihe depth of the floor beam* with suitable Incombustible materials. In all fireproof tenement, houses here- after erected, all partitions shall rest directly upon the fireproof floor contsruc- t|on. and extend to the fireproof beam filling above. Ollnr alnlr* In non-tlrrproot Imllct- Inga. See. 2fi. In non-flreproof tenement houses hereafter erected which either *r» occupied or are arranged to ho occupied by more than Iwo families on any floor, or which exceed four stories and cellar in height titer* shall be no inside stairs tomtnunli at lug between the lowest cellar >r other lowest story and the floor next above, but sin h si airs shall In every case hi located outside the building, and If In- closed shall he constructed entirely fire- proof and be Inclosed lo a fireproof in- i loan e wl’h fireproof se|f-rloalng doors I etinr elalra In fireproof •> nl Id I n a •. Rer. 27. In every fireproof tenement house hereafter erected th* stair* com- municating between tha lowest cellar or 15 BUILDING AND HEALTH LAWS AFFECTING THE CITY OF NEW YORK, other lowest story and the floor next above, if not located underneath the stairs leading to the upper stories, may- be placed inside of the said building; p ovlded, that the portion of the cellar or other lowest story into which said stairs lead is entirely shut off by fire- proof walls from those portions thereof which are used for the storage of fuel, or In which heating appliances, boilers or machinery are located. All openings ir such walls shall be provided with self-closing fireproof doors. Closet tinder first story stairs. Sec. 28. In non-fireproof tenement houses hereafter erected no closet of any kind shall be constructed under any staircase leading from the first story, exclusive of the cellar, to the upper stories, but such space shall be left en- tirely open and kept clear and free from incumbrance. Cellar entrance. Sec. 29. In every tenement house here- after erected there shall be an entrance to the cellar or other lowest story from the outside of the said building. Fire stops. Sec. 30. In tenement houses hereafter erected, in all walls where wooden fur- ring is used all the courses of brick from the under side of the floor beams to the top of the same shall project a distance of at least two inches beyond the inside face of the wall so as to provide an ef- fective fire stop; and wherever floor beams run parallel to a wall and wooden furring is used such beams shall always be kept at least two and one-half Inches away from the inside line of the wall, snd the space between the beams and the wall shall be built up solidly with brick- work from the under Bide of the floor beams to the top of the same, so as to form au effective fire stop. Wooden tenement houses. Sec. 31. Within the fire limits no wooden tenement house shall hereafter be erected, and no wooden building not now used as a tenement house shall hereafter be altered or converted to such use. But outside of the fire limits, tenement houses not exceeding three stories in height, ex- clusive of the cellar, may be erected of wood, but shall not provide accommoda- tions for, or be occupied, if two stories in height, by more than four families in all, or more than two families on any floor; nor if three stories in height by more than three families in all, nor by more than one family on any floor. No such building shall exceed forty feet in height, and «*« side ^alls of all such buildings shall be brick filled. And such houses, whether of wood or other mate- rial, need not comply with the provisions of the following named sections of this chapter, seventeen, nineteen, twenty, tveuty-two, twenty-three, twenty-four’ twenty-five, twenty-six, twenty-seven’ thirty, thirty-six, thirty-seven, and such houses which do not exceed two stories in height need not have either fire- escapes or stairs extending to the roof. Seattle*, bulkheads, ladders and stairs. Sec. 32. Every tenement house shall have in the roof a bulkhead or a scuttle ■which. In tenement houses erected prior io April tenth, nineteen hundred and one, shall be not less than twenty-one inches by twenty-eight inches, and a tenement house erected after that date, not less in size than two feet by thirty inches. All souttles shall be covered on the out- side with metal and shall be provided with stairs oi stationary ladders leading thereto aud easily accessible to all ten- ants of the building aud kept free from incumbrance, and all scuttles and lad- ders shall be kept so as to be ready for use at all times. No scuttle shall w* located in a room, but all scuttles shall he located in the ceiling of the public hall on the top floor, aud access through the scuttle to the roof shall be direct and uninterrupted. If located in a closet, said closet shall open from the public hall and shall not be used as a water-closet compartment or bathroom, and the door to such closet shall be permanently removed, or shall be fastened only by movable bolts or hooks without key-locks. When deemed neces- sary by the department charged with the enforcement of this chapter, scuttles shall be hinged so as to readily open. Every bulkhead in a tenement house shall have stairs with a guide or hand- rail leading to the roof, and such stairs shall be kept free from incumbrance at all times. No scuttle and no bulkhead door shall at any time be locked with a key, hut either may be fastened on the inside by movable bolts or hooks. All key-locks on scuttles and on bulk- head doors shall be removed. No stairs leading to the root in any tenement house shall be removed and replaced with a ladder. Every bulkhead hereafter con- structed in a now-existing tenement house shall be constructed as provided in section seventeen of this chapter, ex- cept that where the stairs and stair halls in such tenement house are not now of fireproof material such bulkhead may be of wood covered with metal. Any tenement house hereafter increased in height by placing thereon an additional story or stories, or a part of a story, shall be provided with a bulkhead in ths roof. (As amended by Chapter 354, LawB of 1909.) Staif lialls, public balls and en- trance halla. Sec. S3, If any tenement house exist- ing on April eleventh, nineteen hundred and one, shall be so altered as to in- crease the number of rooms therein by thirty-three and one-third per centum or more, or If such building is increased in height so that the said building is more than four atorles or parts of stories above the curb level, and also the number of rooms Is increased there- in, the entire stair halls, entrance halls and other publlo halls of the whole building shall be made to conform to the requirements of seotions eighteen to twenty-three, inclusive, of this chapter. Alteration ®C wooden tenement bonnes. geo. 34. No wooden tenement house shall be increased in height so as to exceed three stories, exoluslve of the cellar, nor shall it be altered so as to be occnpled. If less than three stories, by more than two families on any floor nor by more than four families in all; nor, If three stories, by more than one family on any floor, nor by more than three families in alL Stairways. Sec. 85. In every tenement house all stairways shall be provided with proper banisters and railings and kept in good repair. In any tenement house any new stairs that may be hereafter constructed leading from the first story to the cel- lar or basement, shall be entirely in- closed with brick walls, and be pro- vided with fireproof 6elf-closlng doors at both the top and the bottom. No public hall or stairs In a tenement house shall be reduced in width so as to be less than the minimum width pre- scribed in sections eighteen to twenty- three, inclusive, of this chapter. Shafts. Sec. 36. All shafts hereafter con- structed in tenement houses 6hall be constructed fireproof throughout, with fireproof self-closing doors at all open- ings, at each story, except window open- ings in vent shafts; and, if they ex- tend to the cellar, shall also be inclosed in the cellar with fireproof walls and fireproof self-closing doors at all open- ings. In no case shall any shaft be constructed of materials in which any inflammable material or substance en- ters into auy of the component parts. But nothing in this section contained shall be so construed as to require such inclosure about elevators or dumbwait- ers in the wellhole of stairs where the stairs themselves are Inclosed in brick or stone walls, and are entirely con- structed of fireproof materials as here- inbefore provided. Plastering behind wainscoting. Sec. 37. When wainscoting is here- after placed In any tenement house, or any building in process of alteration into a tenement house, the surface of the wall or partition behind such wain- scoting shall be plastered down to the floor line, and any intervening space be- tween said plastering and said wainscot shall be filled in solid with incombusti- ble material. Wooden buildings on same lot with a tenement bouse. Sec, 38. No wooden building of any kind whatsoever shall hereafter be placed or built upon the same lot with a tenement house within the fire limits. And, within the fire limits, no wooden tenement house, and no wooden struc- ture or other building on the same lot with a tenement house, shall hereafter be enlarged, extended or raised; except that a wooden extension not exceeding in total area seventy square feet may be added to an existing wooden tene- ment house, provided such extension is used solely for bath-rooms or water- closata. Combustible materials. Sec. 89. No tenement house, nor any part thereof, nor of tha lot upon which It Is situated, shall be used as a place of storage, keeping or handling of any combustible article except under such conditions as may be prescribed by the fire department, under authority of a written permit issued by said depart- ment. No tenement house, nor ;any part thereof, nor of the lot upon which It is situated, shall he used as a place of storage, keeping or handling of any article dangerous or detrimental to life or health, nor for the storage, keeping or handling of feed, hay, straw, excel- sior, cotton, paper stock, feathers or rags. Bakeries and fat boiling;. Sec. 40. No bakery and no place of business in which fat is boiled, shall be maintained in any tenement house which is not fireproof throughout, unless the ceiling, side-walls, and all exposed iron or wooden girders or columns within the said bakery or within 6aid place where fat boiling is done, are made 6afe by fireproof materials around the 6ame. And there shall be no openings either by door or window, dumbwaiter shafts or otherwise, between said bakery or said place where fat is boiled In any tenement house, and the other parts of the 6ald building, except that In baker- ies in which no fat is boiled, and in which no apparatus for fat boiling is present or on the premises, a dumb- waiter communicating between the place where the baking Is done and the store above, may be maintained, if entirely Inclosed iu a brick shaft with walls not less than eight inches thick, without any openings whatever except one door opening In the bake-shop and one do-r opening In the bakery store; such open- ings shall each be provided with a fire- proof door so arranged that when ore door is open or partly open, the other door shall be entirely closed. Other dangerou* iimlnempi, Sec. 41. All transoms and windows opening Into halls from any portion of a tenement house where paint, oil, spir- ituous liquors or drugs are stored for the purpose of sale or otherwise, shall be glazed with wire-glass or they shall be removed and closed no as solidly as the rest of the wall; and all doors leading Into any such hall from such portion of said house shall be made fireproof. THE TENEMENT HOUSE LAW. 17 ARTICLE IV. LIGHT A STD VENTILATION. fee. 60. Percentage of lot occupied. Sec. 6L Height. Sec. 52. Yards. Sec. 53. Yards of interior lots. Sec. 54. Yards of corner lots. Sec. 65. Yard spaces of lots running through from street to street. Sec. 56. Courts. See. 67. Outer courts. See. 58. Inner courts. Sec. 59. Outer and Inner courts. Sec. 60. Rear tenements. Sec. 6L Buildings on same lot with tenement houses. Sec. 62. Rooms, lighting and ventila- tlon of. Sec. 63. Windows in rooms. Sec. 64. Rooms, size of. Sec. 65. Alcoves and alcove rooms. Sec. 66. Public halls. Sec. 67. Windows and skylights for public halls, size of. Sec. 68. Windows for stair halls, size of. Sec. 69. Privacy. Sec. 70. Percentage of lot occupied. Sec.' 71. Yards. Sec. 72. Additional rooms and halls. Sec. 73. Rooms, lighting and ventila- tion of. Sec. 74. Public halls, lighting of. 8ec. 75. Light and vent shafts in exist- ing buildings. Sec. 76. Public halls. Sec. 77. Skylights. Sec. 78. Chimneys and fireplaces. Sec. 79. Vent shafts. Pereealage of let occapled. house. The depth of said yard, measured from the extreme rear wall of the house to the rear line of the lot. shall be as set forth in the two foilowing sections. Yards of Interior lota. Sea 53. Except upon a corner lot the depth of the yard behind every tenement bousehereafter erectedsixty feet in height shall be not less than twelve feet in every part. Said yard shall be increased In depth one foot for every additional twelve feet of height of the building, or fraction thereof; and may be decreased in depth one foot for every twelve feet of height of the building less than sixty feet; but it shall never be less than ten feet in depth in any part. Yards of corner lots. Sec. 54. The depth of the yard behind every tenement house hereafter erected upon a corner lot shall be not less than ten feet in every part, provided that where such lot is less than one hundred feet in depth, the depth of the yard may be not less than ten per centum of the depth of such lot, but shall never be less than five feet in every part, nor less than the minimum width of an outer court on the lot line ag proscribed by section fifty- seven, subdivision one, of this chapter. Where a tenement house hereafter erected on a corner lot has no basement and the cellar ceiling is not more than two feet above the curb level, said yard may start at the level of the second tier of beams. Where a corner lot is more than fifty feet in width, the yard for that portion in excess of fifty feet shall conform to the provisions of section fifty-three oi this chapter. Sec. 50. No tenement bouse hereafter erected shall occupy more than ninety per centum of a corner lot, or more than seventy perccntum of any other lot. ex- cept as otherwise provided In section fif- ty-eight, subdivisions one and two, of this chapter; provided, that the space occu- pied by fire-escapes of the size herein- before prescribed shall not be deemed a part of the lot occupied. For the pur- poses of this lection the measurements shall be taken at the ground level, ex- cept that where such a building has no basement, and the cellar ceiling is not more than two feet above the curb level, the measurements as (o percentage or lot occupied may be taken at the level of the second tier of beams. The provisions of this section shall not apply to a tene- ment. house hereafter erected running through from one street to another street, provided that the lot on which It is situated does not exceed one hundred feet In depth. Height. ' ■ ■ ’ ' ■-!- Sec. 51. The height of no tenement house hereafter erected shall by more ban one-balf exceed the width of the widest street upon which It stands. Such height shall be the perpendicular diatan. e measured In a straight, line from the curb level to tbe highest point, of the roor beams; provided that where there are bulkheads exceeding ten feet In height or exceeding In area fen per centum of the area of the roof, the measurements shall he taken to the top of the bulkhead; but thin shall not apply to elevator Inclosures not exceeding fifteen feet In height. The measurements in all rase* snail be taker, through the center of tbe facade of tbe Yard spaces of lots rnnnlng through from street to street. Sec. 65. Wherever a tenement house hereafter erected is upon a lot which runs through from one street to another street, and said lot Is not less than sev- enty feet nor more than one hundred feet in depth, there shall be a yard space through the center of the lot midway be- tween the two streets, which space shall extend across the full width of the lot apd shall never be less than twelve feet In depth from wall to wall, and shall be increased in depth as prescribed in sec- tion fifty-three of this chapter. But where such building has no basement and the cellar celling is not more than two feet above the curb level, such yard space may start at the level of the second tier of beams. Where such lot is over one hundred feet in depth such yard space shall be left through the center of the lot midway between the two streets, and shall extend across the entire width of the lot, and shall not be less than twenty-four feet In depth from wall to wall, and shall be increased In depth as prescribed in section fifty-three of this chapter. Where a single tenement house hereafter erected run* through from one street to another street, and also occupies the entire block, no vard need be pro- vided. Where a single tenement, house hereafter erected is situated on a ioc formed by the Int ersection of two siree's at an acute angle, the yard of the said house need nor extend across the entire width of the lot. provided that ir extends to a point In line with the middle line cf the block. , . ■» Conns. house. No tenement bouse shall be increased in height so that the building shail ex- ceed by more than one-half the width of the widest street op which It stands. Yards. Sec. 52. Behind every tenement bouse hereafter erected there shall be a yard extending across the entire width of th* lot. and except tipon a corner lot. at everv point open from the ground to rh» sky unobstructed, except, th* 1 fire-escapes or uoioclosed outside stairs msy project not over four feet from the rear line of the Sec. 56. .so court of a tenement house hereafter erected shall be covered by a roof or skylight, but every such court shall be at every point open from the ground to the sky unobstructed, except as hereinafter otherwise provided, and shall conform to the requirements of sec- tions fifty-seven, fifty-eight and fifty- nine; provided, that an apartment not containing ar.y room fronting upon the street or yard shall have a fire-escape In a court, projecting not more than four feet from th* wall of the house. Such fire-escape shall directly connect at the bottom of such court with a fireproof passageway, pot less than three feet wida and seven feet high, leading in a straight and direct line to the street. Outer courts. ’ ( 4 Sec. 57. 3. Where one side of an outer court is situated on the lot line, the width of the said court, measured from the lot line to the opposite wall of the building, for tenement houses sixty feet in height shall not be less than six feet in any part; and for every twelve feet of increase or fraction thereof in height of the said building, such width shall be in- creased six inches throughout the entire height of said court; and for every twelve feet of decrease in the height of the said building below sixty feet, such width may be decreased six inches. Wherever an outer court exceeds sixty-five feet in length and does not extend from the street to the yard, the entire court shall be increased in width one foot for every additional thirty feet or fraction thereof in excess of sixty-five feet. Except that in tenement houses hereafter erected not exceeding four stories and cellar in height and which also are not occupied or ar- ranged to be occupied by more than eight families in all, or by more than two families on any floor, and in which also each apartment extends through from the street to the yard, the width of an outer court situated on the lot line shall not be less than four feet in any part, provided that the length of such outer court does not exceed thirty-six feet. 2. W T here an outer court is situated be- tween wings or parts of the same build- ing or between different buildings on the same lot, the width of the said court, measured from wall to wall for tenement houses sixty feet in height shall not be less than twelve feet in any part; and for every twelve feet of increase or frac- tion thereof in the height of the said building, such width shall be increased one foot throughout the entire Height of the said court; end for every twelve feet of decrease in the height of the said building below sixty feet, such width of the said court may be decreased one foot. Wherever an outer court exceeds sixty- five feet in length, the entire court shall be increased in width two feet for every additional thirty feet or fraction thereof In excess of sixty-five feet. Except that in tenement houses hereafter erected not exceeding four stories and cellar In height and which also are not occupied or ar- ranged to be occupied by more than eight families in all, or by more than two families on any floor, and In which also each apartment extends through from the 6treot to the yard, the width of an outer court situated between wings or parts of the same building, or between different buildings on the same lot, measured from wall to wall, ahall be not less than eight feet in any part provided that the length of said outer court does not exceed thir- ty-six feet. 3. Wherever an outer court changes Its Initial horizontal direction, or wherever any part of such court extends In a di- rection so as not to receive direct light, from the street or yard, the length of such portion of said court shall never ex- ceed the width of said portion; such length to be measured from the point at which the change of direction commences. Wherever an outer court Is less In depth •han the minimum width prescribed by this article, then Its width may be equal to. but not less than Its depth, provided that such width Is never less than four feet In the clear. This exception ahall also apply to each offset or recess In outer courts. And no window except win- dows of water-closet compartments, bath- rooms or hsll shall open upon any offset or recess less than six feet in width. j Inner coarts. Sec. 58 (1) Where one side of sn Inner court Is situated on the lot line, the width nr the said court measured from tbe lot line to the opposite wall of the building, ('ir tenemjnt bouses sixty feet !c fcetgfc* 18 BUILDING AND HEALTH LAWS AFFECTING THE CITY OF NEW YORK, • hall not be less than twelve leet in any part, and Its other horizontal dimension • hall not be less than twenty-four feet in «ny part; and for every twelve feet of in- crease or fraction thereof in the height of the said building, such width shall be increased six inches throughout the entire height of said court, and the other hori- zontal dimension shall be increased one foot throughout the entire height of said court; and for every twelve feet of de- crease in the height of the said building below sixty feet, such width may be de- creased six inches and the other hori- zontal dimension may be decreased one foot. Except that in tenement houses hereafter erected not exceeding four sto- ries and cellar in height and which also are not occupied or arranged to be occu- pied by more than eight families in all, or by more than two families on any floor, and in which also each apartment extends through from the street to the yard, and which also do not occupy more than seventy-two per centum of the lot. In the case of an interior lot, the width of an inner court situated on the lot line measured from the lot line to the oppo- site wall of the building shall not be less than eight feet in any part, and its other horizontal dimension shall not be less than fourteen feet in any part. Except also that in such tenement houses which do not exceed three stories and cellar in | height, and which also are not occupied, or arranged to be occupied, by more than six families In all, or by more than two families on any floor, a portion of such inner court may be occupied by a bath- room extension, provided that such ex- tension has no window facing an opposite building, and that it does not occupy a portion of such court greater than four and one-half feet in width, or seven feet in length, and that between such exten- sion and the lot line the court is never less than three and one-half feet in width. In such last named tenement houses which do not occupy more than sixty-five per centum of the lot, in the case of an Interior lot, where an inner court for Us entire length immediately adjoins an ex- isting inner court of equal or greater size in an adjoining building or adjoining such a court in an adjoining building actually in course of construction at the same time, the width of such inner court meas- ured from the lot line to the opposite wall of the building shall be not less than four feet in any part, and not less than eight feet from wall to wall, and its other horizontal dimension shall be not less than twelve and one-half feet. (2) Where an inner court is not situated upon the lot line, but is inclosed on all four sides, the least horizontal dimension of the said court for tenement houses sixty feet in height, shall not be less than twenty-four feet; and for every twelve feet of increase or fraction thereof In the height of the said building, the •aid court shall be increased one foot in each horizontal dimension, throughout the eptire height of said court; and for every twelve feet of decrease in the height of the said building below sixty feet, the horizontal dimensions of the said court may be decreased one foot in each direc- tion. Except that in tenement houses hereafter erected not exceeding four sto- ries and cellar in height and which are not occupied or arranged to be occupied by more than eight families In all, or by more than two families on any floor, and in which also each apartment extends through from the street to the yard, and which also do not occupy more than seventy-two per centum of the lot In the case of an interior lot, the least hori- zontal dimension of an inner court not situated on the lot line, but inclosed on all four sides, shall not be less than four- teen feet. Except also that in such tene- ment houses which do not exceed three stories and cellar in height and which also are not occupied, or arranged to be occupied, by more than six families in all, or by more than two families on any floor, and which do not occupy more than •ixLy-flve per centum of th> lot, in the case of an interior lot, the width of such inner court shall not be less than eight feet in any part, and its other horizontal dimension shall not be less than twelve and one-half feet. In inner courts which are not less than ten feet wide in any part, offsets and recesses will be per- mitted, but where the depth of such off- set or recess is less than the minimum width prescribed, then the width of said offset or recess may be equal to but not less than its depth, provided that such width is never less than four feet in the clear. And no window except windows of water-closet compartments, bath-rooms or halls shall open upon any offset or recess less than six feet in width. (3.) Every inner court shall be provided with one or more horizontal intakes at the bottom. Such intakes shall always communicate directly with the street or yard, and shall consist of a passageway not less than three feet wide and seven feet high which shall b^ left open, or if not open there shall always be provided in said passageway open grilles or tran- soms of a size not less than five square feet each, and such open grilles or tran- soms shall never be covered over by glass or in any other way. There shall be at least two such grilles or transoms in each such passageway, one at the inner court and the other at the street or yard, as the case may be. Outer and inner court*. Sec. 59. Nothing contained in the fore- going sections concerning outer and inner courts shall be construed as preventing windows at the angles of said courts, pro- vided that the running length of the wall containing such windows does not exceed six feet. Except that in outer or inner courts of a less size than the minimum prescribed for terfement. houses sixty feet in height, the running length of the wall containing windows in the angles of said courts, shall not exceed four feet. Noth- ing in this section contained shall be construed so as to permit the reduction of any inner court by cutting off the cor- ners thereof when such court is less than eight feet in width, measured from the lot line to the opposite wall of the build- ing. In construing said sections the height of the building is to be measured from the curb level to the top of the highest wall inclosing or forming such court. When a tenement house hereafter erected exceeding three stories in height has no basement and the cellar ceilmg is not more than two feet above the curb level, the courts mentioned in the seven preceding sections may start at the level of the second tier of beams. Where an inner court starts at the second tier of beams, a portion of such court having a least horizontal dimension equal to the minimum width of the court as prescribed by section fifty-eight, subdivisions one and two, of this chapter shall be left un- built upon, atfd shall communicate di- rectly with the intake required by section fifty-eight, subdivision three, of this chapter. Nothing in this section con- tained shall be construed so as to permit arfy room without a window opening on the street or yard or on a court in every part of the dimensions prescribed in the foregoing sections. Where a court starts at the level of the second tier of beams in whole or in part, and the bottom of said court is a skylight over a store or hall, proper access to the top of said sky- light shall be provided, and said skylight shall be so arranged as to be easily cleaned. Hear tenements. Sec. 60. No separate tenement house shall hereafter bo erected upon the rear of a lot fifty feet or less irf width where there is a tenement house on the front of the said lot, nor upon the front of any sueb lot upon the rear of which there is I such a tenement house. Bnlldlnaa on same lot with tenement I houses. Sec. 61. If any building is hereafter placed on me same lot with a tenement house there shall always be maintained between the said buildings an open un- occupied space extending upwards from the ground and extending across the en- tire width of the lot; where either build- ing is sixty feet in height such open space shall be twenty-four feet from wall to wall; arfd for every twelve feet of increase or fraction thereof in the height of such building, such open space shall be increased one foot in depth through- out its entire width, and for every twelve feet of decrease in the height of suCn building below sixty feet, the depth of such open space may be decreased one foot. And no building of arfy kind shall be hereafter placed upon the same lot with a tenement house so as to decrease the minimum size of courts or yards as hereinbefore prescribed. And If any tenement house Is hereafter erected upon any lot upon which there is already an- other building, it shall comply with all of the provisions of this chapter, and in ad- dition the space between the said build- ing and the said tenement bouse shall be of such size and arranged in such manner as is prescribed in this section, the height of the highest building on the lot to regu- late the dimensions. Rooms, lighting; and ventilation of. Sec. 62. Iif every tenement house here- after erected every room, except water- closet compartments and bath-rooms, shaii have at least one window opening directly upon the street or upon a yard or court of the dimensions specified in sections fifty-two to sixty of this chapter, and such window shall he so located as to properly light all portions of such rooms. In addition to the above requirement, in tenement bouses hereafter erected no apartment of three rooms or less shall extend in depth from the street or yard. as the case may be, for a greater distance than eighteen’ feet without the intervention of an inner or outer court adjoining said room, constructed as required by this chapter. Wherever a room in a tenement house hereafter erected opens upon an inner court less than ten feet wide, measured from the lot line to the oppo- site wall of the building, such room shall be provided with a sash window, com- municating with another room in the same apartment, such window to contain not less than ten square feet of glazed surface, and to be made so as to readily open. No tenement house shall be 60 altered that any room or public hall or stairs shall have its light or ventilation diminished in any way not approved by tbe department charged with the enforce- ment of this article. Windows in room*. Sec. 63. In every tenement bouse here- after erected the total window area la each room, except water-closet compart- ments and bath-rooms, shall be at least one-tenth jot the superficial area of the room, and the top at least of one window shall’ not be less than seven feet six inches above the floor, and the upper half of it shall be made so as to open he full width. No such window shall be less than twelve square feet in area be- tween the top beads. Rooma, »lie of. Sec. 64. In every tenement house here- after erected all rooms, except wat«r- closet compartments and bath-rooms, shall be of the following minimum sizes: Tn each apartment there shall be at least one room containing not less than one hundred and twenty squaia feet of floor area, and each other room shall contain at least seventy square feet of floor area. Each room shall be in every part not less than nine feet high from the finished floor to tbe finished celling; provided that an attic room need be nine feet high in but one-half of its area. Alcoves and alcove rooms. Sec. 65. An alcove In any room la a tenement house hereafter erected shaV ha separately lighted and ventilated as gro- THE TENEMENT HOUSE LAW. 19 ridel 1 b sections aixty-two and aixty- three, and shall ba not less than seventy square feet in area. No part of any r* m in a tenement house hereafter erected shall be enclosed or subdivided at any time, wholly or In part, by a curtain, portiere, fixed or movable partition or other contrivance or device, unless such part of the room so enclosed or subdi- vided shall contain a window as required by sections sixty-two and sixty-three of this chapter, and a floor area of not less than seventy square feet. Pablie balls. — sya.s-- Son; or said public hall may be lighted by a window or windows at the end there- of with the plane of the window at right angles to the axis of the said hall, said window opening upon the street or upon a yard, court, or shaft of said dimensions In every such house where the public balls and stairs are not provided with windows opening directly to the street © r yard, and such halls and stairs are, in the opinion of the department, chafged with ihe enforcement of this chapter, not sufficiently lighted, the owner of soeh house shall keep a proper light burning in the hallway, near the stairs, uponaaob floor, as may he necessary, from aunrls# to sunset. Light anil went shafts In axlitlag buildings* Sec. 75. Any shaft used or ^tended to be used to light or ventilate rooms used or Intended to be used for living pur- poses, and which may be hereafter placed In a tenement bouse, erected prior to April tenth, nineteen hundred and one, shall not be less In area lhan twenty-five square feet, nor less than four feet In width In any part, and such abaft shall under no circumstances be roofed or cov- ered over at the top with a roof or skylight; every such shaft shall ba pro- vided at the bottom with a hori- zontal Intake or duct, of a size not. )e pertinent charged with the enforcement of th's chapter shall cause an Inspec- tion to be made, and a written report Died which shall state the respects In which said rooms do not conform to the | requirements of said subdivisions and whether said rooms have sufficient light and ventilation, are well drained and d r y and are fit for human habitation. No such special permit, however, shall be Issued unless such facta are certified to In writing separately by at least two Id- i spectors of said department. Such spe- cial permits shall be .'niued only by the head of the department or his deputies, who may require such Improvements or alterations In said rooms, as may be practicable as a condition precedent to the granting of said special permit. All teports aDd papers connected therewith shall be deemed public records. (As amended by Chapter 354. Ixiwt of )■ Janitor's apartments in cellar. Sec. 96. In a tenement house erected prior to April tenth, nineteen hundred and one, where there is an apartment in the cellar now occupied by the janitor and his family, and the rooms of said apart- ment do not conform to all the provisions of section ninety-five of this chapter, upon written certification by the department charged with the enforcement of this chapter, of the number of said rooms and of the fact that said department has re- ceived from the owner of said tenement house satisfactory evidence of the exist- ence of said apartment and its use for such purpose prior to April tenth, nine- teen hundred and one, and upon the filing in the gaid department by the owner of said house of a written instrument declar- ing his intention to permanently abandon the use of said rooms for such purpose, and upon their complete abandonment by said owner and the removal of the parti- tions forming them and of all plumbing and fixtures therein or used in connection therewith, the said department may issue a written permit to the owner of said tenement house, permitting the construc- tion of a new apartment in said cellar under the following conditions: (1) . — Its use shall be limited solely to the janitor and his family. (2) . — It ihall not contain a greater number of rooms than the apartment aforementioned nor in any case more than four rooms and bath. (3) . — It shall conform to all the provi- sions o. subdivisions one. three, six and seven of section ninety-five of this chap- ter. (4) . — At least one room in said apart- ment shall have a window opening direct- ly upon a yard not less than ten feet deep In every part and every portion of said yard shall extend i,own below the floor of such .com and said yard shall be well and effectually drained. (5) . — Every other room In said apart- ment shall have a window openine direct- ly upon such a yard x»r upon a court or shaft open to the skv without roof or sky- light. and not less than twentv-flve square feet in area nor less than four feet in its least horizontal dimension measured from wall to wall. Every portion of such court or shaft shall extend down below the floor of such room, and shall be well and effectually drained. If inclosed on four sides, such court or shaft shall be provided with a horizontal intake con- structed as is required for Inner courts in subdivision three of section fifty-eight of this chapter. (6) . — Every portion of each room In said apartment shall he entirely above the level of the adjoining yaxd. court or shaft. Waler-cloneti. Sec. 9i. In all tenement houses existing on April eleventh, nineteen hundred and one. the woodwork Inclosing all water- closets shall be removed from the front of ■ said closets, and the space underneath | the seat shall be left open. The floor nr other surface beneath and around the 1 closet shall be maintained in good order ! and repair and If of wood shall be kept well painted with light colored paint. I’ublle sinks. Sec. 98. In all tenement houses exist- ing on April eleventh, nineteen hundred and one. the woodwork Inclosing sinks lo- cated In the public halla or stairs shall be removed, and the space underneath said sinks shall be left open. The floors | and wall surfaces beneath and around the sink shall he maintained In good order and repair, and If of wood shall be kept well painted with light colored paint. Privy vnnlts, school sinks and antrr>rlnse|s, Sec. 99. in all tenement houses existing on April eleventh, nineteen hundred and one, where a connection with « sewer Is possible, all school sinks, privy vaults or other similar receptacles used to receive fecal matter, urlDe or sewage, shall be- fore January first, rloc.een hundred and I three, he completely removed and th° ' place where 'they were located properly disinfected under the direction of the de- partment charged with the enforcement of this chapter. Such appliances shall be replaced by individual watei-closets of durable non-absorbent material, properly sewer connected, and with individual traps, and properly connected flush tanks providing ;n ample "ush of water to thor- oughly cleanse the bowl. Each water- closet shall be located in a compartment completely separated horn every other water-closet, and such compartment shall contain a window of not less than three square feet in area opening directly to the outer air. The floois of the water-closet compartments shall be waterproof as pro- vided in section ninety-three of this chap- ter. Where water-clossts are placed in the yard to replace school sinks or privy vaults long hopper closets mav be used: hut all traps, flush tanks and pipes shall be protected against the action of frost. In such cases, the structure containing the water-closets shall not exceed ten feet in height: and shall not be considered as increasing the percentage of the lot oc- cupied nor shall it be subject to the pro- visions of section sixty-one of this chap- ter, nrovided that it dees not occupy more than fifty per centum of the open space or yard in which n is placed, and provide’, further that the use of said structure Is limit’d solely la u-ater-rloset purposes. Such structure shall b e provided with a ventilating skylight in the roof, of „n adequate and each water-closet shall he located in a compartment completely separate! from every other water-closet. Proper and a., quale means for lightl.ig the structure at night shall be nrovided. There -all b- Provided at least one water-closet for every two families in every tenement house existing on April eleventh, niu? een hundred and one. Ex- cept as In this section otherwise pro- vided such water-closets aud all plumb- ing in connection therewith shall oo in accordance with the ordinances and regulations in relation to plumbing and drain: re Hu *r meet nml cellars. Sec. loo. The floor of the cellar or lowest floor of every tenement house shall be free from dampness and, when necessary, shall be concreted with four inches of concrete of good quality and with a finished surface. The cellar cell- ing of every tenement house shall be plastered, when so required by the de- partment charged with the enforcement of this chapter, except where such ceiliug is already well sheathed with matched boards or well covered with a metal ceiling or where the first floor above the cellar is constructed of iron beams and fireproof filling. Section 7. Section one hundrtl and twenty-one of said chapter Is hereby amended to read as follows: (As amended by Chapter 354. Uws of 1909.) Cellar null* ■■■lv. Sec, 103. Every tenement house shall have water furnished In sufficient quan- tity at one or more places on each floor occupied by or Intended to bo occupied by one or more families. The owner shall provide proper and suitable tanks, pumps or other appliances to receive nml to dls- 1 ‘ i' • re nd«'|>n<» and sufficient supply 22 BUILDING AND HEALTH LAWS AFFECTING THE CITY OF, NEW YORK. of such water at each floor in the said house, at all times of the year, during all hours of the day and night. But a failure in the general supply of water by the city authorities shall not be con- strued to be a failure on the part of such owner, provided that proper and suitable appliances to receive and distribute such water have been provided in said house. Cleanliness of bnlldingi. Sec. 104. Every tenement house and every part thereof shall be kept clean and free from any a - cumulation of dirt, filth or garbage or other matter in or on the same, or In the yards, courts, passages, areas or alleys connected with or belonging to the same. The owner of every tenement house or part thereof shall thoroughly cleanse all the rooms, passages, stairs, floors, windows, doors, walls, ceilings. privies, water closets, cesspools, drains, halls cellars, roofs and all other parts of the said tenement house, or part of the house of which he is the owner, to the satisfaction of the department of health, and shall keep the said parts of the said tenement house in a cleanly condition at all times. No person shall place filth, urine or fecal matter in any place In a tenement house other than that provided for the same, or keep filth, urine or fecal matter in his apartment or upon his premises such length of time as to create a nuisance. . .. . . Shafts and courts. Sec 105. In every tenement house there shall be, at tbe bottom of every shaft and inner court, a door giving suf- flcent access to such shaft or court to enable it to be properly cleaned out. In shafts or courts of a less size than pre- scribed in section fifty-eight, subdivisions one and two. of this chapter, such door shall be fireproof and self-closing. Pro- vided, that, where there is already a win- dow or door in a tenement house, giving proper access to such shaft or court, such window or door shall be deemed suf- ficient. Walla of courts and shafts. Sec. 106. The walls of all yard courts, inner courts and shafts unless built of a light color brick or stone shall be thor- oughly whitewashed by the owner or shall be painted a light color by him, and shall be so maintained. Such white- wash or paint shall be renewed whenever necessary, as may be required by tbe de- partment charged with the enforcement of this chapter. Wall paper. Sec 107. No wall paper shall he placed upon’ a wall or ceiling of any tenement house unless all wall paper shall be first removed therefrom and said wall and celliDg thoroughly cleaned. Receptacle* for ashes, sarliage and refuse. Sec. 108. The owner of every tenement house shall provide for said building proper and suitable conveniences or re- ceptacles for ashes, rubbish, garbage, refuse and other matter. Prohibited use*. Sec, 109. No horse, cow, calf, swine, sheep or goat shall be kept in a tenement house, or on the same lot or premises thereof, and no tenement bouse, or the lot or premises thereof shall be used for a lodging house or stable, or for the storage or handling of rags. Except that, outside of the fire limits, not more than two horses may be kept on such lot or premises, provided they are stabled at least twenty feet distant from aoy build- lug used for living purposes, aud that such stabling la not detrimental to health In the opinion of the department charged with the enforcement of this chapter. Janitor or housekeeper. •Bee. 110. "Whenever there shall be more than eight families living In any tenement house, la which the owner thereof does not reside, there shall be a janitor, house- keeper or some other responsible person who shall reside in said house and have charge of the same, if the department charged with the enforcement of this chapter shall so require. „ _ u . Overcrowding. Sec. 111. No room In any tenement house shall be so overcrowded that there shall be afforded less than four hundred cubic feet of air to each adult, and two hundred cubic feet of air to each child under twelve years of age occupying such room. ARTICLE VI. REQITREMEXTS AXD REMEDIES. Sec. 120. Permit to commence build- ing. 121. Certificate of compliance. 122. Unlawful occupation. 123. Enforcement. 124. Penalties for violations. 125. Violation of building laws, ordinances and regulations. 126. Procedure, 127. Liens. 128. Lis pendens. Permit to commence building. Sec. 120. Before the construction or al- teration of a tenement house, or the al- teration or conversion of a building for use as a tenement house, is commenced, and before the construction or alteration of any building or structure on the tame lot with a tenement house, the owner, or his agent or architect, shall submit to tbe department charged with the enforce- ment of this chapter a detailed statement in writing, verified by the affidavit of the person making the same, of tbe speci- fications for the construction and for the light and ventilation of such tenement house or building, upon a blank or form to be furnished by such depart- ment, and also a full and complete copy of the plans of such work. Such state- ment shall give in full the name and res- idence, by street and number, of the own- er or owners of such tenement house or building. It" such construction, alteration or conversion Is proposed to be made by any other person than the owner of the land In fee, such statement shall contain the full name and residence, by street and number, not only of the owner of the land, but of every person Interested in such tenement house, either as owner, lessee or In any representative capacity, said affidavit shall allege that said speci- fications and plans are true and con- tain a correct description of such tenement house. building, structure, lot and proposed work. The state- ments and affidavits herein provided for may be made by the owner, or the person who proposes to make the con- struction, alteration or conversion, or by his agent or architect. No person, how- ever. shall be recognized as the agent of the owner, unless he shall file with the said department a written instrument, signed by such owner, designating him as such agent. Any false swearing in a material point in any such affidavit, shall be deemed perjury. Such specifica- tions. plans and statements shall be filed in the said department and shall be deemed public records, but no such speci- fications, plans or statements shall be re- moved from said department. The said department shall cause all such plans and specifications to be examined. If such plans and specifications conform to the provisions of this chapter and to the building ordinances and regulations they shall be approved by such department, and a written certificate to that effect shall be Issued to the person submitting the same. The department may. from time to time, approve changes In any plans and specifications previously approved by it, provided the plans and specifications when so changed shall be In conformity wit'* law. The construction, altera- tion or conversion of aucb tenement ■ house, building or structure or any part thereof, shall not be commenced until the filing of such specifications, plans • and statements, and the approval there- of, as above provided. The construction alteration or conversion of such faouee, building or structure, shall be in accord- ance with such approved specifications and plans. Any permit or approval which may be Issued by the department charged with the enforcement of this chapter but under which no work has been done above the foundation walls within one year from the time of the Issuance of such permit or approval, shall expire by limitation. Said department shall have power to re- voke or cancel any permit or approval in case of any failure or neglect to comply with any of the provisions of this chap- ter. or in case any falsa statement or representation is made in any specifica- tions, plans or statements submitted or filed for such permit or approval. Section 121. Certificate of compliance. No huilding hereafter constructed as or altered into a tenement house shall be occupied in whole or in part for human habitation until tbe issuance of a certifi- cate by the department aforesaid that said building conforms in all respects to the requirements of this chapter. Such certificate shall be issued within ten days after written application therefor, if said building at the date of such appli- cation shall be entitled thereto. Certificate of compliance. Sec. 121. No building hereafter con- structed as or altered Into a tenement, house shall be occupied in whole or in part for human habitation until tbe is- suance of a certificate by the depart- ment aforesaid that said building con- forms in all respects to the requirements of this chapter. Such certificate shall be issued within ten days after written application therefor, if said bujldiDg at tbe date of such application shall be entitled thereto. Such a certificate, or the record in the department aforesaid that such a certificate has been Issued or a statement signed by the head of such department that such a certificate has been issued, may be relied upon by every person who in good faith purchase* a tenement house or who in good faith lends money upon the security of mort- gage covering a tenement house. "When- ever any person has so relied upon auch certificate, no claim that such tenement house does not conform in all respects to tbe provisions of this chapter shall be made against such person or against the interest of such person in a tene- ment house to which such a eertlflcat# applies or concerning which such & state- ment has been Issued. (As amended by Chapter 354, Laws of 1909.) Inlawful occupatloa. Sec. 122. If any building hereafter con- structed as or altered into a tenement house be occupied in whole or in part for human habitation In violation of the last section, during such unlawful occu- pation any bond or note secured by a mortgage upon said building, or the lot upou which it stands, may be declared due at the option of the mortgagee. Nh rent shall be recoverable by tbe owner or lessee of such premises for said period, and no action or special proceed- ing shall be maintained therefor, or for possession of said premises for non- payment of such rent. The department of water supply shall not permit water to be furnished in any such tenement house, and said premises shall be deemed unfit for human habitation, and the de- partment of health shall cause them to be vacated accordingly. Provided, how- ever. that any tenement house erected after April tenth, nineteen hundred and one, and which has been occupied for human habitation for two years immedi- ately preceding the first day of January, nineteen hundred and nine. In which to changes or alterations have been toads except In compliance with this chapter. THE TENEMENT HOUSE LAW, as ■ball be permitted to be occupied in the same manner as it a certificate had been Issued that such tenement house con form* in all respects to the requirements of this chapter, unless an action or pro- ceeding to require it to be vacated shall have been brought within six months after the passage of this act. (As amcnd- « g in this cbep’er con- * THE TENEMENT HOUSE LAW. 15 talned shall be construed as repealing or abrogating any present law or ordin- ance in any city of the first class, fur- ther restricting or prohibiting the occu- pation of cellars, or increasing the amount of air space to each individual occupying a room or as prohibiting any future ordinance in respect thereto. (2.) Of the laws enumerated in the schedule hereto annexed, that portion specified In the last column is hereby re- pealed". ..... v When t® take elect, - • Sec. 172. This chapter shall take effect immediately. SCHEDULE OF LAWS REPEALED. Laws of Chapter. Section. 1901 334 All 1901 ait All T' Regulations for the Construction of New Fire-Escapes. . • pif |»eh wrought Iron or steel. One and one-half inches by one-quar- ter inch angle iron. Must go through wall when wall is of brick, stone or concrete, and be secured by washers four inches by four inches by three-eighths inch and nut. Note. — For arrangement as to wooden buildings see below. Bolt ends must be at least three-quar- ters Inch In diameter. If bolt ends are separate they must be secured to top rails by two three-eighths inch rivets or two three-eighths inch bolts well upset. Top rails must be anchored In wall nine Inches from window or door opening. On recess fire-escapes the top rails need not go through the wall, but must be leaded or cemented six Inches in brick or stone at least twelve inches from out- side face of wall. Front and return top rails, unless In one piece, must be secured at angle in following manner with lap joint by one one-half inch rivet aDd tie strap of same dimension as top rail, with one three- eighths iDch rivet in each end of strap. With butt joint by a triangular plate four Inches by six inches by three-eighths inch, secured by two three-eighths inch rivets or burred bolts on each side of joint. Top rails may be spliced with Iron of same dimensions as rails with two three- eightbs inch rivets or bolts well burred on each side of splice, or may be over- lapped and secured by two three-eighths inch bolts or rivets. Where front rails are more than ten feet long, they must be braced with one outside brace in every ten feet or frac- tion thereof of running length. Said braces must be three-quarters inch wrought iron properly spaced and must be secured by two three-eighths inch rivets or bolts to the extended brackets and by one ibree-eigbths Inch rivet or bolt to top rail. Up to eleven feet the rail may be ac- cepted without additional bracing if well secured to stairs. Bow braces and overhead braces will not be accepted. Bottom rails. One and one-half Inch by r.nree-eignths inch wrought iron or one and one-balf inch by one-quarter Inch angle Iron. Mult be leaded or cemented In walls when of brick. Must be secured by lugs to brackets by three-eigbths inch rivets or bolts, well burred. Must be connected at angles by at least one tbree-eigbt bs Inch rivet or holt, well burred. May be spliced as In esse of lop rails. Standards. May not be less thin one-balf ln"h round or aquare. aer vertically, riveted to j top and bottom rails, not more than six I Inches apart on centers. Sueclal design j must be submitted for any variation auil approved before work is beguu. Landing platform required when low- est balcony Is over sixteen feet shove gronnd level. Shall not be less than three fr»* by ' three feet of available landing spa ■ Shall not be more than ten feet a! the ground. • Construction shall b* the same re t k - ... Laws of Chapter "* Section. 1902 All 1902 All 190;? 179 .... 1904 346 .... All 1904 19CJ AH 1909 All 1907 622 .... >11 3997 6S1 All J907 681 .... All !»•>* All Effective November 1, 1909. ~ ' " balconies, with either an end or front rail where necessary. Stairway connections must be provided with balconies above, as per regulations. (Raised iron grating will not be per- muted, except over areawavs.' , Stairways. * ** All stairways shall be placed at av angle of not more than sixty degrees, with flat open steps not leas than six Inches in width and twenty inches in length and with a rise of not more than nine inches. Flat iron bars forming treads must bs one and one-half inches by one-quarter inch, not more than three-quarters of »■ inch apart. They must be secured to strings br angle iron one and one-balf inches by one-quarter inch, secured by two five- sixteenths inch bolts, burred, and slats secured to angle irons by one-quarter inch rivet at each end. All treads must be set level and must not overhang so as to Interfere with foot room on tread below. Caution: Cast iron treads will not b* accepted. « > < . y f Strings. ’ i Must be or Dar non miee-eightbs inch by four inches, and shall rest upon bracket at bottom, and in all cases ba bolted to brackets at top. Strings must be braced by three-quar- ters inch round bars, properly leaded or secured by four inches by three-eighths inch expansion bolts in brick or stone wall at height of not less than six feet six inches in the clear above floor of balcony. t »■ Hand rails. ^ *■ Wrought iron, three-quarters Inch, round or one and one-half Inches by three-eighths inch bar, well braced with Intermediate braces not over five feet apart, and of the same size and material of hand rail, and secured to strings with two three-eighth inch rivets at each end and at each brace; or Hand rails may be secured to bottom rail of upper balcony and top rail of lower balcony by two three-eighths inch rivets at each end. Double band rails must be provided when balconies are not directly over each other. Brackets and braces. Brackets must be iu one piece, one-half Inch by one and three-quarters Inches wrought Ivon, set edgewise not over four feet apart. Should be placed not less than eight inches, nor more than sixteen Inches be- low w ndow sill, except by apectal per- mission from department. Must be braced with three-quarters In a square braces, secured to bracket by one three-eighths inch rivet at a point swo-tbiris of ienrth of bracket from •.veil. “Tie brace when enterlug wall must be leaded or cemented In brick or stone and have a proper bearing on face of wall. When th« bracket brace has a knee or heel, said beel must bear directly agalust ;!:« wall. f w* tea are used to obtain full bear- ng syil ist the wall, they must be of iron • t v !| recured to the brace. \ ; jrage In or bracing with ©pea .u terra cotta not accepted 26 ' l I Hies, In- validity of Clue Section Not to Invalidate Another. Purt A\\\. Existing suits and liabilities Hi .127 H Heating: Apparatus. Drylnig Rooms. Gas and Water Pipes, Part XVI. Heating furnaces and boilers 84 Hollow bricks on Inside of walls 43 .... 44 .... 68 ... 1U Hot air flues, pipes and vent ducts.. Hotels, definition of Incasing Interior columns 107 Increased thickness 33 IncloNiire und Shed Coverings for the Protection of Pedestrians, Part XIV. Inclosure walls for skeleton structures 30 Inspection of elevator 101 Invalidity of one section not to Invalidate any other 102 Iron and other metal fronts to be filled In... .138 Iron and Steel Construction. Purt XXII. Light and vent shafts 48 Lime mortar 15 Lining existing walls 39 Loads on flop;* to be distributed 131 M . Section Quality of Materials, Part IV. Quality of Timber — # R Ranges and stoves Recesses and chases in walls 4* Recovery of Uodle* I nder FaUeu If u 1 Id ini; **. Part XXXII. Reduced thickness for interior walls 34 Registers S5 Remedial ordinances I Repealing - section Riveted steel and wrought iron trusses 1-6 Riveting of structural steel and wrought iron work 1-S Rolled steel and wrought iron beams used as girders 117 Rolled steel and wrought iron floor and roof beams 12® Roofing and leaders within the fire limits . . . Roofs. Leaders, Cornices* Bulk- heads, Scuttles aud Tanks, Part XVII. s Safe load for masonry work 184 Sand 14 Screen under elevator sheaves 10* Seal— Officer* of Department May Enter llulldluiis, Part XXXIV. Seal 15* Short Title of Ordinance, Part 1. ! Skeleton construction bl# I Skylight aud Floor Lisbt*, Part I XIII. i Slate and stone treads of stairs to be sup- ported 7T Smoke houses *• Stairs and Kntrances, Part XII. Stairs, number regulated by area of build- ing 78 Steam and hot water heating pipes 69 Steel and Iron girders 114 Steel and Iron pin connected trusses 127 Steel and wrought Iron column Ill Steel and wrought Iron trusses 125 Strength of columns 13* Strength of existing floors to be calculated . .132 Strength of temporary supports IS* Structural material 31 Structure* of Certalu Ueiglite, * Part VII. Studded off spaces 71 Surveys on unsafe buildings 154 » „ r v v Main stud partitions 51 Mansard roofs 90 Materials of walls 27 Measurement for width of buildings 7 Measurement of buildings for height and walls 6 Metal skylights 78 Miscellaneous HutldinH*, Purt XV. Mortar for walls and ashlar 30 New buildings and buildings to be altered.. 3 Notice as to heating apparatus 8* Notices of violations of code 152 Fsrtor* of eatery Filing of plans and eta'sinent* 4 Fire Appliance*, Fire Escape* and Fireproof Shutter* and Door*. Part XIX. Fir* .scapes 103 Fire Limit*, Part IXVIl, Manhattan , H2 Bronx 143 Brooklyn 14b Queen* 143 Fireproof Building*. Part XX. Fireproof building, 105 0 Office building,, definition of 11 officers of department may enter buildings. ,!>)0 One story brick buildings bi Ordinance* Repealed. Dale When Ordinance Take* Effect, Purt XXXVI. F> Painting of structural metal work 179 Parapet walls 13 Party wall posts 114 Plates between Joints of open back columns.. 115 Plate, und»r ends of Imtels and girders ...119 I’lntn lilng and Draliinue, Purt \ \ \ . Plumbing, drainage and r.pnlra thereto HI Prellmlunry Reiiulreuienta, Pnrt II. Tanks »• 9* Templates under ends of steel or Iron floor beams 121 Tests of new materials 20 Theaters and places of public amusement Iu9 Timber for trusses *2 Timber In walls prohibited 53 Timber, quality of 19 Trimmer arches 6* U > I'nsafe Ilnlldlnsra, Surveys, Court Proceedings, Part XXXI. Unsafe buildings 151 A rrss V u ml Cellars, Part Vaults, VIII. Vaults under sidewalk Ci Violation* und Pcunltlc* — Court* tin, i n u Jurisdiction, Part XXX. Violation and penalties 154 w 1 It ■ Wainscoting 71 Walls and pier* LA Wall* for dwelling houses *1 Wall* for warehouse* SJ Walla of unfinished btilldlngfl 4a Walla, l'lei'R und Partitions, Part \ I Private dwelling*, definition of protection of p»d*airlan* Public Hialidlnice* Tlirntcra Place* of A aae in bl a Ke, Pari Public bjUdlngt and XXI. Walla, tied, anchored and braced • Weight! of certain materials 14J *| Wood Ileum*, birder* and Col- um lift. Part IX. 1 Wood columns end plstee 101 ' W orking stress** THE >> N A PROVIDING FOR ALL MATTERS CONCERNING, AFFECTING OR RELATING TO THE CONSTRUCTION, ALTERATION OR REMOVAL OF BUILDINGS OR STRUCTURES ERECTED OR TO BE ERECTED IN THE CITY OF NEW YORK, AS CONSTITUTED BY THE GREATER NEW YORK CHARTER. ± BUILDING CODE. • f t : - A ". -+W fm '< - 4 Adopted by the Board of Aldermen, September 12, 1899. Adopted by the Council, October 10, 1899. Approved by the Mayor, October 24, 1899. With Amendments to date. Be It ordained by the Municipal Assem- bly, pursuant to section 647 of the Great- er New York Charter, as follows: *5 PART I. SHORT TITLE OF THIS ORDINANCE. A REMEDIAL ORDINANCE. This ordinance to lie known and cited as the Building Code, and presumptively contains the Build- ing Law, except so far as such provisions are contained in the Charter. Section 1. The following provisions shall constitute and be known as the building code and may be cited as such, and pre- sumptively provides for all matters con- cerning, affecting or relating to the con- struction, alteration or removal of build- ings or structures erected or to be erected in The City of New York, as constituted by the “Greater New York Charter,” ex- cept so far as such provisions are con- tained in said charter. Building Code to be Construed Lib- erally. Sec. 2 This ordinance .is hereby de- clared to be remedial, and is to be con- strued liberally, to secure the beneficial interests and purposes thereof. , *: PART II. PRELIMINARY REQUIREMENTS. New Buildings and Buildings to Be Altered. Sec. 3. No wall, structure, building or part thereof, shall hereafter be built or constructed, nor shall the plumbing or drainage of any building, structure or premises, be constructed or altered, in The City of New York, except in con- formity with the provisions of this code. No building already erected, or hereafter to be built, in said city, shall be raised, altered, moved or built upon in any man- ner, that would be in violation of any of the provisions of this code, or the ap- proval issued thereunder. Filing Plans and Statements. Sec. 4. Before the erection, construc- tion or alteration of any building or part of any building, structure, or part of any structure, j>r wall, or any platform, stag- ing or flooring to be used for standing or seating purposes, and before the con- struction or alteration of the plumbing or drainage of any building, structure or premises Is commenced, the owner or lessee, or agent of either, or the archi- tect or builder employed by such owner or lessee in connection with the proposed erection or alteration, shall submit to the commissioner of buildings for the borough in which the premises are sit- uated a detailed statement in triplicate of the specifications, on appropriate blanks to be furnished to applicants by the de- partment of buildings and a full and com- plete copy of the plans of such proposed work, and such structural detail drawings of said proposed work as the commis- sioner of buildings having Jurisdiction may require, all of which shall be ac- companied with a statement in writing, sworn to before a notary public or com- missioner of deeds, giving the full name and residence, street and number, of the owner, or of each of the owners of said building or proposed building, structure, or proposed structure, premises, wall, platform, staging or flooring. If such erection, construction or alteration, plumbing or drainage, or the alteration thereof, is proposed to be made or exe- cuted by any other person than the owner or owners of the land in fee, the | person or persons intending to make such ! erection or alteration, or to construct] such plumbing or drainage, shall accom- ! pany said detailed statement of the speci- | fications and copy of the plans, with a j statement in writing, sworn to as afore- said, giving the full name and residence. I street and number, of the owner or own- ers of the land, or proposed building, i structure, or proposed structure, prem- ises, wall, platform, staging or flooring either as owner, lessee, or in any repre- sentative capacity, and that he or they are duly authorized to perform said work. Such statement may be made by the ! agent, or architect of the person or per- j sons hereinbefore required to make the j same. Any false swearing in a material point in any statement submitted in pur- suance of the provisions of this section shall be deemed perjury, and shall be punishable as such. Said sworn statement, and detailed statement of specifications, j and copy of the plans shall be kept on file in the office of the commissioner of buildings for the borough where the premises to which they relate are situa- ted, and the erection, construction, or al- teration of said building, structure, wall, platform, staging or flooring, or any part thereof, and the construction or al- teration of the said plumbing or drain- age, shall not be commenced or proceeded with, until said statements and plans shall have been so filed, and approved by the said commissioner of buildings, and the erection, construction or alteration of such building, structure, platform, staging or flooring, and the construction or alteration of such plumbing or drain- age when proceeded with shall be con- structed in accordance with such ap- proved detailed statement of specifica- tions and copy of plans. Nothing in this section shall be construed to prevent a commissioner of buildings from granting his approval for the erection of any part of a building, or any part of a structure, where plans and detailed statements have been presented for the same before the entire plans and detailed statements of said building or structure have been sub- mitted. Any approval which may be is- sued by a commissioner of buildings pur- suant to the provisions of this section, but under which no work Is commented within one year from the time of issu- ance, shall expire by limitation. Or- dinary repairs of buildings or structures, or of the plumbing or drainage thereof, may be made without notice to the de- partment of buildings, but such repairs shall not be construed to include the cut- ting away of any stone or brick wall, or any portion thereof, the removal or cut- ting of any beams or supports, or the re- moval. change or closing of any staircase, or the alteration of any house sewer or private sewer or drainage system, or the construction of any soil or waste pipe. The foregoing provisions and all the pro- visions of this code shall apply with equal force to buildings, both municipal and private. It shall be the duty of the commissioner of buildings having juris- diction to approve or reject any plan filed with him pursuant to the provisions of this section within a reasonable time. Demolishing Buildings. Sec. 5. When plans and detailed state- ments are filed in the department of buildings for the erection of a new build- ing, if an existing building or part of an existing building is to be demolished, such fact shall be stated in the state- ment so filed. In demolishing any building, story after story shall be completely removed. No material shall be placed upon the Poor of any such building in the course of demolition, but the brick, timbers and other structural parts of each story stall be lowered to the ground immediately, upon displacement. The owner, archi- tect, builder or contractor for any build- ing, structure, premises, wall, platform, staging or flooring to be demolished shall give not less than twenty-four hours notice to the department of build- ings of such Intended demolition, PART m. DEFINITIONS. Measurement of Height for Build- ing* and Walla. Sec 6. The height of buildings shall be measured from the curb level at tba center of the front of the building to the top of the highest point of the roof beams in the case of flat roofs, and for high-pitched roofs the average of the THE BUILDING CODE. 29 height of the gable shall be taken as the highest point of the building. In case a wall is carried on Iron or steel girders or iron or steel girders and columns, or piers of masonry, the measurements, as to height for the wall, may be taken from the top of such girder. "When the walls of a structure do not adjoin the street, then the average level for the ground adjoining the walls may be taken instead of the street curb level for the height of such structure. Meanrfment for Width of Bnlld- lagt. Sec. 7. For the purpose of this code, the greatest linear dimension of any building shall be considered its length and the next greatest linear dimension its width. Prlrate Dwellings, Definition of. See. 8. A private dwelling shall be taken to mean and include every buildiDg, which shall be intended or designed for, or used as, the home or residence of not more than two separate and distinct families or households, and in which not more than fifteen rooms shall be used for the accommodation of boarders, and no part of which structure is used as a store or for any bnsiness purpose. Two or more such dwellings may be connected on each story when used for boarding purposes, provided the halls and stairs of each house shall be left, unaltered. Any such building hereafter erected shall not cover more than 90 per cent, of the lot area. Apartment Honaea, Definition of. See. 9. An apartment house shall be taken to mean and Include every building, which 6hall be intended or ' designed for. or used as, the home or residence of three or more families or households, living in- dependently of each other, and in which • very such family or household, shall have provided for It a kitchen, set bath tub and water closet, separate and apart from any other. Any such building here- after erected shall not cover any greater percentage of a lot than is lawful to be covered by a tenement house, and the requirements for light and ventilation for a tenement house shall also apply to an apartment house. Hotel, Definition of. Sec. 10. A hotel shall be taken to mean and Include every building, or part there- of, Intended, designed or used for sup- plying food and shelter to residents or guests, and having a general public din- ing-room or a cafe, or both and contain- ing also more than fltteen sleeping rooms above the first story. Whenever any such building hereafter erected shall be lo- cated on an 7 other than a corner lot or plot. It ahall not cover In the aggregate more than 90 per cent, of the area of such lot or plot*t and above tbo second story floor level. If not more than five stories in height, and two and one-half per cent, less for every additional story In height; and on a corner lot. when covering an ire* of not more than 3.000 square fee\ it shall not occupy more than 95 per cent, of the area of suth lot at and above the second atory level. In ease any such building la to occupy a number of lots, the commissioner of buildings having Ju- risdiction may allow the free air space, proportioned as herein stated, to be dis- tributed In such manner as. In his opin- ion. will equally as well secure light and ventilation. Office BnlMInga, Definition of. Sec. 11. An office building shall be taken to mean and Include every building which shall be divided Into rooms above tha first story, and he Intended and used for business purposes, and no part of which shall be used for living purposes, excepting only for the Janitor and his family. Office buildings wh»n not er»eted on a corner, ahall not cover more than 90 per cent, of the lot area, at and above the second story floor level. Frame Buildings, Definition of. Sec. 12. A frame building shall be taken to mean a building or structure of which the exterior walls or a portion thereof shall be constructed of wood. Buildings sheathed with boards, and partially or entirely covered with four inches of brickwork, shall be deemed to be frame buildings. Wood frames covered with metal shall he deemed to be wood struc- tures. PART IV. QUALITY OK MA.TERIAAS, Brick. Sec. 13. The brick used in all buildings shall be good, hard, well burnt brick. When old brick are used in any wall they shall be thoroughly cleaned before being used, and shall be whole and good, hard, well burnt brick. Sand. Sec. 14. The sand used for mortar in all buildings shall be clean, sharp grit sand, free from loam or dirt, and shall not be finer than the standard samples kept in the office of the department of buildings. Lime Mortar. Sec. 15. Lime mortar shall be made of one part of lime and not more than four parts of sand. All lime used for mortar shall be thoroughly burnt, of good quality, and properly slaked before it is mixed with the sand. Cement Mortar. Sec. 16. Cement mortar shall bo made of cement and sand in the proportion of one part of cement and not more than three paits of sand, and shall be used immediately after being mixed. The ce- ment and sand are to be measured and thoroughly mixed before adding water. Cement must be very finely ground and free from lumps. Cements classed as Portland cement shall be considered to mean such cement as will, when tested neat, after one day set in air be capable of sustaining with- out rupture a teusile strain of at least 120 pounds per square inch, and after one day in air and six days in water be capa- ble of sustaining without rupture a ten- sile strain of at. least 300 pounds par square inch. Cements other than Port- land cement shall be considered to mean such cement as will, w'hen tested neat, after one day set In air be capable of sustaining without rupture a tensile strain of at least 60 pounds per square inch, and after one day in air and six dayR in water be capable of sustaining without, rupture a tensile strain of at least 120 pounds per square Inch. Said tests are to be made under the supervi- sion of the commissioner of buildings having jurisdiction, at such times as no may determine and a record of all ce- ments answering the above requirements shall be kept for public information. Cement end I, line Mortar. Sec. 17. Cement and lime mortar mixed shall be made of one part of lime, one part, of cement, and not more than three parts of sand to each. Concrete. See. 18. Concrete for foundations shall be made of at least one part of cement, two parts of sand and five parts of clean broken stone, of such size so as to pass In any way through a 2-lnrh ring, or good, clean gravel may be used In the same proportion as broken stone. The cement, sand and stone or gravel shall be measured and mixed an la prescribed for mortar. All concrete when In place abnll he properly rammed and allowed to set without being disturbed. Quality of Timber. /• / Sec. 19. All timbers and wood b««m» used In aiy building aball be of good sound material free from rot, large and loose knots, shakes or any imperfection whereby the strength may be impaired, and bo of such size and dimensions as tha purposes for which the building is in- tended require. ; , . Tests of New Materials. Sec. 20. New structural material e! whatever nature shall be subjected to such tests to determine Its character and quality, as the commissioner of buildings for the borough in which the material is to be used shall direct; the tests shall be made under the supervision of said com- missioner. or he may direct the architect or owner to file with him a certified copy of the results of tests, such as he may direct shall be made. Structure Material. Wrought Iron. Sec. 21. All wrought iron shall be uni- form in character, fibrous, tough and duc- tile. It shall have an ultimate tensile resistance of not less than 48.000 pounds per square inch, an elastic . limit of not less than 24.000 pounds per square Inch, and an elongation of 20 per cent. In eight inches, when tested in small specimen*. Steel. All structural steel shall have an ulti- mate tensile strength of from 54,000 pounds to 64,000 pounds per square inch. Its elastic limit shall be not less than 32.000 pounds per square inch, and a minimum elongation of not less than 20 per cent, in eight inches. Rivet steel shall have an ultimate strength of from 50.000 t.» 68,000 pounds per square Inch. Cast StceL Shall be made of open hearth steel, con- taining one-quarter to one-half per cent, of carbon, not over eight one-hundredths of one per cent, of phosphorus, and shall be practically free from blow-hole*. Cant Iron. Shall be of good foundry mixture, pro- ducing a clean, tough, gray iron. Sample bars, five feet long, one Inch square, cast in sand molds, placed on supports four feet six Inches apart, shall bear a central load of 450 pounds before breaking. Castings shall be free of seriouB blow- holes, cinder spots and cold shuts. Ulti- mate tensile strength shall be not les* than 16,000 pounds per square Inch when tested In small specimens. PART V. EXCAVATIONS AND FOUNDATIONS. Excavation*. Sec. 22. All excavations for building* shall be properly guarded and protected so as to prevent the same from becoming dangerous to life or limb and shall be sheath-piled where nocessary to prevent the adjoining earth from caving In. by ths person or persons causing the excavations to be made. Plans filed In the depart- ment of buildings shall be accompanied by a statement of the character of the soil at the level of the footings. Whenever an excavation of either earth or rock for building or other purposes shall be Intended to be, or shall be car- ried to the depth of more than ten feet below the curb, the person or persons causing such excavation to be made shall at all times, from the commencement, un- til the completion thereof. If afforded the necessary license to enter upon the i<1- loining land, and not otherwise, at his or their own expense, preservo any ad- joining or contiguous wall or walls, structure or structures from Injury, and support the same by proper foundation*, so that the said walls or walls, struc- ture or structures, shall ho and remain practically aa safe as before such exca- vation was commenced, whether the said adlolnlng or contiguous wall or walla, mi r u* turn or structures, are down mor* or leas than ten feet below the curb. If the Decenary license Is not accorded to the parson or person* making such excava- tion, then It aball be the duty of tM 30 BUILDING AND HEALTH LAWS AFFECTING THE CITY OF NEW. YORK. •wner refusing to grant such license to make the adjoining or contiguous wall or walls, structure or structures, safe, and ■ upport the same by proper foundations so that adjoining excavations may be ’made, and shall be permitted to enter up- on the premises where such excavatiorf is being made for that purpose, when nec- essary. If such excavation shall not be intended to be, or shall not be, carried to a depth of more than ten feet below the curb, the owner or owners of such adjoining or contiguous wall or walls, structure or structures shall preserve the same from injury, and so support the same by proper foundations that it or they shall be and remain practically as safe as before such excavation was com- menced, and shall be permitted, to enter upon the premises where such excavation is being made for that purpose, when necessary. In case an adjoining party wall is in- tended to be used by the person or per- sons causing the excavation to be made, and such party wall is in good condition and sufficient for the uses of the adjoining building, then and in such case the per- son or persons causing the excavations to be made shall, at his or their own expense, preserve such party wall from Injury and support the same by proper foundations, so that said party wall shall be and remain practically as safe as be- fore the excavation was commenced. If the person or persons whose duty it shall be to preserve or protect any wall or walls, structure or structures from in- jury shall neglect or fail so to do after having had a notice of twenty-four hours from the department of buildings, then the commissioner of buildings may enter upon the premises and employ such la- bor. and furnish such materials, and take such steps as, in his judgment, may be necessary to make the same safe and se- cure, or to prevent the same from becom- ing unsafe or dangerous, at the expense of the person or persons whose duty it is to keep the same safe and secure. Any party doing the said -work, or any part thereof, under and by direction of the said department of buildings, may bring and maintain an action against the per- son or persons last herein referred to, to recover the value of the work done and materials furnished, in and about the said premises, in the same manner as if he had been employed to do the said work by the said person or persons. When an excavation is made on any lot, the person or persons causing such excavation to be made shall build, at his or their own cost and expense, a retaining wall to support the adjoining earth; and such retaining wall shall be carried to the height of the adjoining earth, and be properly protected by coping. The thickness of a retaining wall at its base shall be in no case less than one-fourth of its height. Hearing Capacity of Soil. Sec. 23. Where no test of the sustain- Sjag power of the soil is made, different voils. excluding mud, at the bottom of the footisrgs, shall be deemed to safely sustain the following loads to the super- ficial foot, namely; Soft clay, one ton per square foot: ordinary clay and sand to- gether, in layers, wet and springy, two tons per square foot; loam, clay or fine sand, firm and dry, three tons per square foot; very firm, coarse sand, stiff gravel or hard clay, four tons per square foot, or as otherwise determined by the com- missioner of buildings having jurisdic- tion. Where a test is made of the sus- taining power of the soil the commis- sioner of buildings shall be notified so that he may be present in person or by representative. The record of the test shall be filed in the department of build- ings. When a doubt arises as to the safe sustaining power of the earth upon which a building is to be erected the department of buildings may order borings to be made, or direct the sus- taining power of the soil to be tested by and at the expense of the owner of .tlje proposed building. u Pressure Under Footing's of Founda- tions. Sec. 24. The loads exerting pressure under footings of foundations in build- ings more than three (3) stories in height are to be computed as follows: For ware- houses and factories they are to be full dead load and the full live load estab- lished by section 130 of this code. In stores and buildings for light manu- facturing purposes they are to be the full dead load and seventy-five per cent, of the live load established by section 130 of this code. In churches, school houses and places of public amusement or assembly, they are to be the full dead load and seventy- five per cent, of the live load established by section 130 of this code. In office buildings, hotels, dwellings, apartment houses, tenement houses, lodging houses and stables they are to be the full dead load and sixty per cent, of the live load established by section 130 of this code. Footings will he so designed that the loads will be as nearly uniform as possi- ble and not in excess of the safe bearing capacity of the soil, as established by section 23 of this code. Foundations. Sec. 25. Every building, except build- ings erected upon solid rock or buildings erected upon ivharves and piers on the water front, shall have foundations of brick, stone, iron, steel or concrete laid not, less than four feet below the surface of the earth, on the solid ground or level surface of rock, or upon piles or ranging timbers when solid earth or rock is not found. Piles intended to sustain a wall, pier or post shall be spaced not more than thirty-six or less than twenty inches on centers, and they shall be driven to a solid hearing, if practicable to do so, and the number of such piles shall be sufficient to support the superstructure proposed. No pile shall be used of less dimensions than five inches at the small end and ten inches at the butt for short piles, or piles twenty feet or less in length, and twelve inches at the butt for long piles, or piles more than twenty feet in length. No pile shall be weighted with a load exceeding forty thousand pounds. ] When a pile is not driven to refusal, its i safe sustaining power shall be determined by the following formula: Twice the weight of the hammer in tons multiplied by the height of the fall in feet divided by least penetration of pile under the last blow' in inches plus one. The com- missioner of buildings shall be notified of the time when such test piles will be driven, that he may be present in person or by representative. The tops of all piles shall be cut off below the lowest water line. When required, concrete shall be rammed down in the interspaces be- tween the heads of the piles to a depth and thickness of not less than twelve inches and for one foot in width outside of the piles. Where ranging and capping timbers are laid on piles for foundations, they shall be of hard wood not less than six inches thick and properly joined to- gether, and their tops laid below the low- est water line. Where metal is incor- porated in or forms part of a founda- tion, it shall be thoroughly protected from rust by paint, asphaltum, concrete, or by such materials and in such manner as may be approved by the commissioner of buildings. When footings of iron or steel for columns are placed below the water level, they shall be similarly coated, or inclosed in concrete, for preservation against rust. When foundations are car- ried down through earth by piers of stone, brick or concrete In caissons, the loads on same shall be not more than fifteen tons to the square foot when car- ried down to rock; ten tons to the square foot when carried down to firm gravel or hard clay; eight tons to the square foot in open caisson or sheet pile trenches when carried down to rock. Wood piles may ba used for the foundations under frame buildings built over the water or on salt meadow. land, in which case the piles may project above the water a suffi- cient height to raise the building above high tide, and the building may be placed directly thereon without other founda- tion. Foundation Walls. Sec. 26. Foundation walls shall be con- strued to include all walls and piers built below the curb level, or nearest tier of beams to the curb, to serve as sup- ports for walls, piers, columns, girders, posts or beams. Foundation walls shali be built of stone, brick, Portland cement concrete, iron or steel. If built of rubble stone, or Portland cement concrete, they shall be at least eight inches thicker than the wall next above them .to a depth of twelve feet below the curb level; and for every additional ten feet, or part thereof, deeper, they shall be increased four inches in thickness. If built of brick, they shall be at least four inches thicker than the wall next above them to a depth of twelve feet below the curb level; and for every additional ten feet, or part thereof, deeper, they shall be increased four inches in thickness. The footing or base course shall be of stone or concrete, or both, or of con- crete and stepped-up brickwork, of suf- ficient thickness and area to safely bear the weight to be imposed thereon. If the footing or base course be of con- crete, the concrete shall not he less than twelve inches thick. If of stones, the stones shall not ba less than two by three feet, and at least eight inches in thickness for walls; and not less than ten inches in thickness If under piers, columns or posts; the footing or base course, whether formed of concrete or stone, shall be at least twelve inches wider than the bottom width of walls, and at least twelve inches wider on all sides than the bottom width of said piers, columns or posts. If the superimposed load is such as to cause undue trans- verse strain on a footing projecting twelve inches, the thickness of such foot- ing is to b? increased so as to carry the load with safety. For small structures and for small piers sustaining light loads, the commissioner of buildings having jurisdiction may. in his discretion, allow a reduction in the thickness and projec- tion for footing or hase courses herein specified. All base stones shall be well bedded and laid crosswise, edge to edge. If stepped-up footing of brick are used in place of stone, above the concrete, the offsets. If laid in single courses, shall each not exceed one and one-half inches, or if laid in double courses, then each shall not exceed three inches, off- setting the first course of brickwork, back one-half the thickness of the con- crete base, so as to properly distribute the load to be imposed thereon. If, in place of a continuous foundation wall, isolated piers are to be built to support the superstructure, where the nature of the ground and the character of the building make it necessary, in the opinion of the commissioner of build- ings having jurisdiction, Inverted arches resting on a proper bed of concrete, both designed to transmit with safety the sup- erimposed loads, shall be turned between the piers. The thrust of the outer piers shall be taken up by suitable wrought iron or steel rods and plates. Grillage beams of wrought Iron or ateel resting on a proper concrete bed may be used. Such beams must, be provided with separators and bolte inclosed and filled solid between with concrete, and of such sizes and so arranged as to transmit with safety the superimposed loads. All stone walls twenty-four inohes or less In thickness shall have at least one header extending through the wall in every three feet in height from the bot- tom of the wall, and in every three feet in length, and if over twenty-four inches in thickness, shall have one header for every six superficial feet on both aides of the wall, laid on top of each other to bond together, and r unn|n r into tha jrail at least two feat. «. it THE BUILDING CODE. 5f Ali headers shall be at least twelve Inches In width and eight inches in thick- ness. and consist ot good flat stones. No stone shall be laid in such walls la say other position than on its natural bed. No stone shall be used that does not bond or extend into the wall at least six Inches. Stones shall be firmly bedded in cement mortar and all spaces and joints thoroughly filled. TART VI. WALLS, PIERS AND PARTITIONS. Materials of Walls. Sec. 27. The walls o£ all buildings, other than frame or wood buildings, shall be constructed of stone, brick. Portland ce- ment concrete, iron, steel or other hard. Incombustible material, and the several component parts of such buildings shall be as herein provided. All buildings shall be Inclosed on all sides, with inde- pendent or party walls. Walls and Piers. Sec. 28. In all walls of the thickness specified la this code, the same amount of materials may be used in piers or but- tresses. Bearing walls shall be taken to mean those walls on which the beams, girders or trusses rest. It any horizontal section through any part of any bearing wall In any building shows more than thirty per centum area of flues and open- ings, the said wall shall be increased four inches in thickness for every fifteen per centum, or fraction thereof, of flue or opening area in excess of thirty per centum. The walls and piers of all buildings shall be properly and solidly bonded to- gether with close joints filled with mor- tar. They shall he built to a line and be carried up plumb and straight. The walls of each story shall be built up the full thickness to the top of the beams above. All brick laid in non-freezing weather shall be well wet before being laid. Walls or piers, or parts of walls and piers, shall not be built in freezing weather, and If frozen, shall not be built upon. All piers shall be built of stone or good, hard, well-burnt brick, laid in cement mortar. Every pier built of brick, containing less than nine super- ficial feet at the base, supporting any beam, girder, arch or column on which a wall rests, or lintel spanning an opening over ten feet and supporting a wall, shall • t Intervals of not over thirty Inches apart In height have built Into It. a bond •tone not less than four inches thick, or a caat-iron plate of sufficient strength, and tbe full size of the piers. For piers fronting on a street the bond stones may roaform with tbe kind of stone used for the trimmings of the front. Cap atonas of cut granite or blue stone, pro- portioned to the weight to be carried, but not less than five inches In thick- ness. by tho full size of the pier, or cast- iron pistes of equal strength by the full size of tbe pier, shall be set under all columns or girders, except where a four- inch bond stone Is placed Immediately below said cap stone. In which case the rap stone may be reduced In horizontal > dimensions at the discretion of tbe com- missioner of buildings having jurisdic- tion. Isolated brick piers shall not ex- ceed In height ten times their loast di- mensions. Stone posts for the support of posts or columns above shall not be used In the Interior of any building. Where walls or piers are built of coursed stones, with dressed level beds and ver- tical joints, the department of buildings shall have the right to allow such walls or piers to be built of a less thickness than specified for brickwork, but In no case shall said walls or piers be less thsn tbree-qusrters of the thickness pro- vided for brickwork. In *11 brick wells every sixth course shall be a heading course. except where walls ere faced with brick In running bond. In which latter case, ererv sixth course shill be bonded Into tbe backing by cutting the course of the fare brick and putting in diagonal headers behind the same, or by. splitting the face brick In half and backing the same with a con- tinuous row of headers. Where face brick is used of a different thickness from the brick used for backing, the rourses of the exterior and interior brickwork shall be brought to a level bed at intervals of not more than ten courses in height of the face brick, and the face brick shall be properly tied to the backing by a heading course of the face brick. All bearing walls faced with brick laid in running bond shail be four inches thicker than the walls are re- quired to be under any section of this code. Ashlar. Sec. 29. Stone used for tho facing of any building, and known as ashlar, shall be not less than four inches thick. Stone ashlar shall be anchored to the backing and the backing shall be of such thickness as to make tbe walls, Inde- pendent of tbe ashlar, conform as to the thickness with tbe requirements of sec- tions 31 and 32 of this code, unless the ashlar be at least eight inches thick and bonded into the backing, and then it may be counted as part of the thickness of the wall. Iron ashlar plates used In imitation of stone ashlar on the face of a wall shall he backed up with the same thickness of brickwork as stone ashlar. Mortar for Wall* and Ashlar. See. 30. All foundation walls, isolated piers, parapet walls and chimneys above roofs shall be laid in cement mortar, but this shall not prohibit the use in cold weather of a small proportion of lime to prevent the mortar from freezing. All other walls buiU of brick or stone shall bo laid in lime, cement, or lime aud cement, mortar mixed. The backing up of all stone ashlar shall be laid up with cement mortar, or cement and lime mortar mixed, but the back ot the ashlar may be pargeted with lime mortar to prevent discoloration of the stone. Wnlls for Dwelling-House*. See. 31. The expression "walls for dwelling-houses” shall be taken to mean and include in this class walls for tho following buildings: Dwellings, asylums, apartment-houses, convents, clubhouses, dormitories, hos- pitals, hotels, lodging-houses, tenements, parish buildings, schools, laboratories, studios. The walls above the basement of dwell- ing-houses not over three stories and basement in height, nor more than forty feet in height, and not over twenty feet In width, and not over fifty-five feet in depth, shall have side and party walls not less than eight Inches thick, and froDt. and rear walls not less thaii twelve Inches thick. All walls of dwellings ex- ceeding twenty feet in width and not ex- ceeding forty feet In height, rfiall be not less than twelve inches thick,' All walls of dwellings twenty-six feet Or less In width between bearing walls \ hteh are hereafter erected or which may be altered to be used for dwellings and being over forty feet in height and not over fifty feet In height, shall be not less than twelve Inches thick above the foundation wall. No wall shall bo built haring a twelve-inch thick portion measuring ver- tically more than fifty feet. If over fifty feet In height and not over sixty feet In height tho wall shall be not less than sixteen tnchoa thick In the story next, above the foundation-walls and from thence not less than twelve Inches to the top. If over sixty feet In height, and not over seventy-five feet In height, the walls shall be not less than sixteen Inches thick above the foundation-walls to tbe height of twenty-five feet, or to the near- est tier of beams to that height, and from thence not less than twelve Inches thick to the top. If over seventy-five feet In height, and not over one hundred feet In height. tb» walls shall not he less than twenty inven-eighths of an inch. No vertical hot- air pipe shall be placed in a stud parti- tion. or In a wood inclosure, unless it be at least eight feet distant, in a horizon- tal direction from the furnace. Hot-air pipes in closets shall be double, with a space of one Inch between them. Hori- zontal hot-air pipes shall be placed six inches below the floor beams or ceiling: if the floor beams or ceiling are plastered and protected by a metal shield, then the distance shall be not less than three Inches. Vent flues or duels for the removal of foul or vitiated air in which the tempera- ture of the air cannot exceed that of the looms, may be constructed of Iron, or other Incombustible material, and shall not be placed Dearer than one Inch to any woodwork, and no such pipe shall be used for any other purpose. In the support of construction of such ducts. If placed in a public school room, no wood furring or other inflammable material shall be nearer than two inches to aaid flues or ducts, and shall bo cov- ered on all sides other than those resting against brick, terra-cotta, or other in- combustible material, with metal lath plaster*"! with least two heavy coats of mortar and having at least one-half ; Inch nlr space between the flues or duel! and ihc la'll and 1 ‘laiter. . i Steam and Hot Water Heating Pipes. Sec. 69. Steam or hot water heating pipes shall not be placed within two inches of any timber or woodwork, unless the timber or woodwork is protected by a metal shield: then the distance shall be not. less than one inch. All steam or hot water heating pipes passing through floors and ceilings or lath and plastered partitions shall be protected by a metal tube one inch larger in diameter than the pipe, having a metal cap at the floor, and where they are run in a horizontal dire*p tion between a floor and ceiliDg, a metai shield shall be placed on the under side of the floor over them, and on the sides of wood beams running parallel with said Pipe- , , . All wood boxes or casings inclosing steam or hot water heating pipes and all wood covers to recesses in walls in which sieam or hot water heating ptpes are placed, shall be lined with metal. All pipes or ducts used to convey air warmed by steam or hot water shall be of metal or other fireproof material. All steam and hot water pipe coverings shall consist of fireproof materials only. PART XI. (a K N KRAI. CONSTRICTION. Duct" for t’i|H'». Sec. 70. Ah ducts for pipes, wires, and other similar purposes shall be inclosed on all sides with fireproof material, and the opening through each floor shall be Studded-off Space*. Sec. 71. Where walls are studded-off. Die space between the inside face of the wall and the studding shall be fire- stopped with fireproof material placed on the under side of the wood beams above, for a depth of not less than four inches, and be securely supported; or the beams directly over the studded-off space shall be deafened with not less than four inches of fireproof material, which may be laud on boards cut in between the beam*. AYainscotiiiK’. 1 ” Sec. 72. When wainscoting is used. In any building hereafter erected, the sur- face of the wall or partition behind such wainscoting shall be plastered flush with the grounds and down to the floor line. Bay, Oriel nnd Show Wlndowi. Sec. 73. Bay windows, oriol window* and show windows on the street front or side of any building may project not more than one foot beyond the building line and shall he constructed of euch ma- terials and in such manner as will mee£ with the approval of the department of buildings. Any such window that, does not extend more (ban three feet, above the oeoo\*f story floor of any dwelling-house may h* built of wood covered with metaL PART XII. STAIRS AND ENTRANCE. Entrance to Basement. Sec. 74. Every dwelling-house arranged for or occupied by two or more families above the first story, hereafter erected, shall be provided with an entrance to the basement thereof from the outalde of eueh building. Stair*. N n miter ne*olate« by Area of Building. Sec. 76. In any building hereafter erected to he used as a store, factory, ii ot * 1 or lodging-house, covering a lot. area ex* ceding two thousand five hundred feet and not exceeding five thousand feet, there ehall be provided at least two con tlnuous lines or etair* remote from each other, and ever; such building shell hav* at lead on continuous Itn* of stairs for e.i h five thousand f»c of lot area covered, nr pan iiei*of, n excess of i ha i required * When toy BUILDING AND HEALTH LAWS AFFECTING THE CITY OF NEW YORK. PART XVI. •ueh building covers an area of lot greater than fifteen thousand feet the number of stairs shall be increased proportionately, or as will meet the approval of the com- missioner of buildings having jurisdiction. Engineers’ Stationary ladders. Sec. 76. Every building in which boilers or machinery are placed in the cellar or lowest story, shall have stationary iron ladders or stairs from such story leading direct to a manhole above on the side- walk, or other outside exit. Slate and Stone Treads of Stairs to Be Supported. Sec. 77. In all buildings hereafter erected more than seven stories in height where the treads and landings of iron siairs are of slate, marble or other stone, they shall each be supported directly un- derneath, for their entire length and width, by an iron plate made solid or hav- ing openings not exceeding four inches square in same, of adequate strength and securely fastened to the strings. In case such supporting plates be made solid the treads may be of oak, not less than one and five-eighths inches thick. PART XIII SKYLIGHTS AND FLOOR-LIGHTS. Metal Skylights. Sec. 78. All skylights having a super- ficial area of more than nine square feet, placed in any building, shall have the sashes and trines thereof constructed of iron and glass Every fireproof roof here- after placed on any building, shall have, beside the usual scuttle or bulkhead, a skylight or skylights of a superficial area equal to not less than one-fiftieth the superficial area of such fireproof roof. Skylights hereafter placed in public build- ings, over any passageway or room of public resort, shall have immediately un- derneath the glass thereof a wire netting, unless the glass contains a wire netting within itself. Floor-1. Ights Sec. 79. — Floor-lights, used for trans- mission of light to floors below, shall be constructed of metal frames and bars or plates, and if any glass in same measures more than sixteen square inches, the glass shall be provided with a mesh of wire either in the glass or under the same, and the floor-lights shall be of the same’ proportional strength as the floors in which they are placed. PART XIV. ijsCLOSLRE AND SHED COVERINGS FOR THE PROTECTION OF PEDESTRIANS. Sec. 80. — Whenever buildings shall he erected or increased to over sixty-five feet in height, upon c alon- any street, the owner, builder or contractor con- structing or repairing such buildings, shall have erected and maintained dur- ing such construction or repair, a shed over the sidewalk in front of said prem- ises, extending from building line to curb, the same to be properly, strongly and tightly constructed, so as to protect pe- destrians and others usin'* such streets. Whenever outside scaffolds are required to carry on the construction of buildings over eighty-five feet in height, whether the same be constructed by poles or thrust-out scaffold, there shall he erected on its outer edge and ends an inclosure or wire netting of not over two-inch mesh, or of beards not less than three- fourths of an inch thick, placed not over one and one-half inches apart, well se- cured to uprights not less than two inches by four inches, fastenened to nlar’-- or timbers, and resting on put-logs or thrust outs. The said inclosure shall be car- ried up at least five feet in advance above the level on which the workmen em- ployed on said front are working. 7' v ’ e said thrust-outs shall be not less than three by ten of spruce or yellow pine, anil to be doubled or tripled, as may be re- quired lor the load to be carried and to b thoroughly braced and secured; or said timbers can be in one stick if propor- tioned to the load. The floorin'* on thrust outs and put-logs shall be tightly con- structed with plank. This said floo’' and inclosure shall not be removed until a like floor and inc.losure is already pre- pared and in position on the story above. In ali buildings over eighty-five feet in height, during construction or alteration the windows on each floor above the sec- ond shall be properly inclosed as soon as the story is built. If the walls of such buildings are carried un two stories or more above the roofs of adjoining build- ings, proper means shall be provided ana use 1 for the protection of sky-lights and roofs of such adjoining buildings. The protection over sky-lights sha.l be of stout wire netting not over three-fourths inch mesh on stout timbers an<1 properly secured. All such _ stieaa and inclosures are to be subject to the inspection of the department of build- ings. Should said adjoining owner, ten- ant or lessee refuse to grant permis- sion U> have said roefs and skylights so protected, such refusal by said owner, tenant or lessee shall relieve the owner of the building in course of construction from any responsibility for damage done to persons or property on or within the premises affected. Should such inclosure or protection not be so erected, the commis- sioner of buildings having jurisdiction, shall cause a notice to be served person- ally upon the owner, or his authorized agent, constructing or repairing such buildings, or the owner, tenants or lessee of adjoining premises, requiring such in- closurr or protection, as provided in this section, specifying the manner in which same shall be erected; and if such inclos- ures or protections are not erected, strengthened or modified as provided in such notice within three days after the service thereof, the said commissioner of buildings having jurisdiction, shall have full power and authority to cause such inclosure to be erected on the fronts and roofs and the skylights protected, and ail expenses connected with same may be- come a lien on the property in interest so inclosed and protected, and which lien mav be created and enfoiced in the same maimer as now provided for in section 156 of this code. PART XV. MISCELLANEOUS Bl ILDIXGS. Grain Elevators. Sec. 81. Nothing in this code shall be so construed as to apply to or prevent the erection of what are known as grain elevators, as usually constructed, pro- vided they are erected on tidewater, or adjacent to the river front in said city, in isolated localities, under such condi- tions as the department of buildings may prescribe, including location. Exhibition Buildings. Sec. 82. Buildings for fair and exhibi- tion purposes, towers for observation pur- poses and structures for similar uses, whether temporary or permanent in char- acter, shall be constructed in such man- ner and under such conditions as the board of buildings may prescribe. Smokehonati. Sec. 83. AH smokehouses shall be of fireproof construction, with brick walls, iron doors and brick or metal roofs. An iron guard shall be placed over and three feet above the fire, and the hanging rails shall be of Iron. The walls of all smoke- houses shall be built up at. least three feet higher than the roof of the building 1 in wfcich they are located. HEATING APPARATUS. DRYING ROOMS, GAS AND WATER PIPES. , Heating Furnaces and tollers. Sec. 84. A brick-set bo'iler shall not be placed on any wood or combustible floor or beams. Wood or combustible floors and beams under and not less than three feet in front and one foot on the sides of all portable boilers shall be protected by a suitable brick foundation of not less than two courses of brick well laid in mortar on sheet iron; the said sheet iron shall extend at least twenty-four inches outside of the foundation at the sides and front. Bearing lines of bricks, laid on the flat, with air spaces between them, shall be placed on the foundation to sup- port a cast-iron ash pan of sultabl# thickness, on which the base of the boiler shall be placed, and shall have a flange, turned up in the front and on the sides, four inches high; said pan shall be in width not less than the base of th* boiler and shall extend at least two feet in front of it. If a boiler is supported on a cast-iron base with a bottom of the required thickness for an ash pan, and is placed on bearing lines of brick in the same manner as specified for an ash pan, then an ash pan shall be placed in front of the said base and shall not be re- quired to extend under it. Ail lath and plaster and wood ceilings and beams over and to a distance of not less than four feet in front of all boilers shall be shield- ed with metal. The distance from the top of the boiler to said shield shall be not less than twelve inches. No combus- tible partition shall be within four feet of the sides and back and six feet from the front of any boiler, unless said par- tition shall be covered with metal to the height of at least three feet above the floor, and shall extend from the end or back of the boiler to at least five feet in front of it; then the distance shall be not less than two feet from the sides and five feet from t]je front of the boiler. All brick hot-air furnaces shall have two covers, with an air space of at least four inches between them; the inner cover of the hot-air chamber shall be either a brick arch or two courses of brick laid on galvanized iron or tin. supported on iron bars: the outside cover, which is the top of the furnace, shall be made of brick or metal supported on iron bars, and so constructed as to be perfectly tight, and shall be not less than four inches below any combustible ceiling or door beams. The walls of the furnace shall be built hollow in the following manner; One inner and one outer wall, each four inches in thickness, properly bonded together with an air space of not less than three inches between them. Furnaces must be built at least four inches from all woodwork. The cold-air boxes of all hot-air furnaces shall he made of metal, brick or other incom- bustible material, for a distance of at least ten feet from the furnace. All port- able hot-air furnaces shall be placed at least two feet from any wood or com- bustible partition or ceiling, unless the partitions anil ceilings are properly pro- tected by a metal shield, when the dis- tance shall be not less than one foot. Wood floors under all portable furnaces shall be protected by two courses of brickwork well laid in mortar on sheet iron. Said brickwork shall extend at least, two feet beyond th* furnace la front of the ash pan. . Heglitrra. Sec. 85. — Registers located over a brick furnace shall be supported by a brick shaft built up from the cover of the hot- air chamber; said shaft shall be lined with a metal pipe, and all wood beams shall be trimmed away not less than four inches from it. Where a register is placed on any woodwork In connection with a metal pipe or duct, the end of the said pipe or duct shall be flanged over on th* THE BUILDING CODE. 37 woodwork under it. All registers tor hot-air furnaces placed in any woodwork or combustible floors shall have stone or iron borders firmly set in plaster of paris or gauged mortar. All register boxes ■ hall bo made of tin plate or galvanized Iron with a flange on the top to fit the groove in the frame, the register to rest upon the same; there shall be an open space of two inches on all sides of the register box, extending from the under aide of the border to and through the ceiling below. The said opening shall be fitted with a tight tin or galvanized iron casing the upper end of which shall be turned under the frame. When a register box is placed in the floor over a portable furnace, the open space on all sides of the register box shall be not less than three inches. When only one register is connected with a furnace said regis.er ■hall have no valve. Drying Roomi. g ec . 86.— AH walls, ceilings, and parti- tions inclosing drying rooms, when not made of fireproof material, shall be wire lathed and plastered, or covered with metal, tile or other hard incombustible material. Range* and Stoves. Sec. 87. — Where a kitchen range is placed from twelve to six inches from a wood stud partition, the said partition ■ hall be shielded with metal from the floor to the height of not less than three leet higher than the range; if the range l« within six inches of the partition, then the studs shall be cut away and framed three feet higher and one foot wider than the range, and filed In to the face of the ■ aid stud partition with brick or fireproof blocks, and plastered thereon. All ranges on wood or combustible floors and beams that are not supported on legs and have ash pans three Inches or more above their base, shall be set on suitable brick foundations consisting of not less than i wo courses of brick well laid In mortar on sheet Iron, except, small ranges such ■ i are used In apartment houses that have ash pans three Inches or more above their base, which shall be placed on at least one course of brickwork on ■beet iron or cement. No range shall be placed against a furred wall. All lath ■ nd plaster or wood ceilings over all large ranges and ranges in hotels and restaurants, shall be guarded by metal hoods placed at least nine Inches below the celling. A ventilating pipe connect- ed witu a hood over a range shall be at least nine Inches from all lath and plas- t'-r or woodwotk and shielded. If the pipe li less than nine Inches from lath and plaster and woodwork, then the pipe shall be covered with ooe inch of asbesi.03 plaster on wire mesh No ventilating pipe connected with a hood over a range •hall pass through any floor. Laundry ■roves on wood or combustible floors ■hall have a course of bricks, laid on metal, on the floor under and extended twenty-four Inches on all sides of them. All stoves for heating purposes shall be properly supported on Iron legs resting on the floor three feet from all lath and plas'er or woodwork; If rhe lath and plaster or woodwork Is properly protect- ed by a meta ■ball be not less than eighteen Inches. A metal shield shall be placed under and twelve Inches in front of the ash rum of all stoves that are plated on wood floors. All low gas stoves shjll be placed on Iron stands, or the burners sball be at least six Inches above the base of the stoves, and metal guard plates placed four Inches below the burners, and all woodwork under them shall be covered with metal. Notice as to Heating Apparatus. Sec. 88. In cases where hot water, ■ team, hot air or other heating appli- ances or furnaces are bereader placed in any building, or flues or fireplaces are changed or enlarged, due notice sball first U* given to the department of building* by the person or persons placing the said furnace or furnaces in said buildrng, or by the contractor or superintendent of said work. Ga* and Water Pipes. Sec. 89. Every building, other than a dwelling house, hereafter erected, and all factories, hotels, churches, theaters, school-houses and other buildings of a public character now erected in which gas or steam is used for lighting or heat- ing, shall have the supply pipes leading from the street mains provided each with a stop-cock placed In the sidewalk at or near the curb, and so arranged as to al- low of shutting off at that point. No gas, water or other pipes which may he intro- duced into any buildings shall be let into the beams unless the same be placed within thirty-six inches of the end of tho beams; and in no building shall the said pipes be let into the beams more than two Inches in depth. All said pipes shall be installed in accordance with the rules and regulations prescribed by the board of buildings. All gas brackets shall be placed at least three feet below any ceil- ing or woodwork, unless the same is prop- erly protected by a shield; in which case the distance shall be not less than eight- een inches. No swinging or folding gas bracket shall be placed against any stud partition or woodwork. No gas bracket on any lath and plaster partition or woodwork shall be less than five Inches in length, measured from 1’je burner to the plaster surface or woodwork. Gas- lights placed near window curtains or any other combustible material shall be protected by a proper shield. PART XVII. ROOFS, LEADERS, CORNICES. BILK- HEADS, SCUTTLES AND TANKS. Manaurd Roofa. Sec. 90. If a mansard or other roof of like character having a pitch of over sixty degrees be placed on any building, except a wood building, or a dwelling- house not exceeding three stories nor more than forty feet in height, it shall be constructed of iron rafters and lathed with Iron or steel on the inside and plas- tered, or filled in with fireproof material not less than three inches thick, and cov- ered with metal, slate or tile. Cornice* and Gutter*. Sec. 91. On all buildings hereafter erected within the fire limits, the ex- terior cornices, inclusive of those on show windows, and gutters, shall be of some fireproof material. All fireproof cornices shall be well secured to the walls with iron anchors, Independent of any woodwork. In all cases the walls shall be carried up to the planking of the roof. Where the cornice projects above the roof the walls shall be carried up to the top of the cornice. The party wails shall in all cases extend up above the planking of the cornice and be coped. All exterior wooden cornices that may now be or that may hereafter become unsafe or rotten shall be taken down, and If replaced, shall be constructed of some fireproof material. All exterior cornlcos of wood or gutters that may hereafter be damaged by fire to the extent of one-half shall be taken down, and If replaced shall be constructed of some fireproof material; but If uot damaged to the extent of one- half. tho same «ia y be repaired with the same kind of material of which they weie originally constructed. Bulkhead* on Roof* and Scuttle*. 9ec. 92 Bulkheads used as im -Insures for tanks and elevators, and coverings for the machinery of elevators and all other bulkheads, including the bulkheads of all dwelling houses more than four stories In height hereafter erected or al- tered, may be constructed of hollow fire- proof blocks; or of wood, covered with not less than two Inches of fireproof ma- terial. or tilled In the thickness of the studding with su rooms. All etalrcases for the use of the] audience shall be inclosed with walls of brick, or of fireproof materials approved by the department of buildings, in the I storieH through which they pass, and the openings to said staircases from “ich t ier ( shall be the full width of said afa'rcase. j No door shall open immediately noon a flight of stairs, but a landlt.g at least i the width of the door shall be provided I between such stairs and such door. A flie wall, built of brick, shall separate 'he auditorium from the stage. The same shall extend at least four leet above the 1 stage roof, or the auditorium roof. If the j latter be the higher, and shall bo coped. Above the proscenium opening there shall be an iron girder of suffl ulont strength to safely support the load above. and the same shall he covered with fireproof ma- terials to protect It from the heat. Should there be constructed an orchestra over the stage, above the prose .•niuni opening, the said orchestri shall be placed on liic auditorium side of the proscenium fl"e- wall. and shall be entered onlv from the auditorium Bide of suld wall. The molded frame around the proscenium open'ng shall be formed entirely of fireproof Ma- terials: If metal be used, the rrelal shall be filled In solid with n« /.-combustible ir.sterlal and securely an .bored to the wall with Iron. The proscenium operrng shall be provided with a fireproof metal curtain, or n curtain of asbestos or ether fireproof material approv’d by tho de- partment of buildings, sliding at each end within Iron grooves, securely listened to the brick wnll and exf/ndlng In u such grooves to n depth not less 'hail six Inches on es^h side of the openiug l 1 -' 1 1 fireproof curtain shall be raised at the commencement of each performance aud lowered at the close of said performance, and be operated by approved machinery for that purpose. The proscenium cur- tains shall be placed at least three leet distant from the footlights at the near- j est point. No doorway or opening through the proscenium wall, from the auditorium, shall be allowed above the level of the j first floor, and such first floor openings , shall have fireproof doors on each face i of the wall and the doors shall be hung | so as to be opened from either side at ; all times. There shall be provided over! the stage metal skylights of an area or, lombined area of at least one-eighth the area of said stage, fitted up with sliding sash and glazed with double thick sheet glass uat exceeding one-twelfth of an inch tnick, and each pane thereof measur- ing not less than 300 square inches, and the whole of which skylight shall be so constructed as to open instantly on the cutting or burning of a hempen cord, which shall be arranged to hold said sky- lights closed or some other equally simple approved device for opening them may be provided. Immediately underneath the glass of said skylights there shall be wire netting, but wire glass shall not be used in lieu of this requirement. All that por- tion of the stage not comprised in the working of scenery, traps and other me- chanical apparatus for the presentation , of a scene, usually equal to the width of the proscenium opening, shall be built of j iron or steel beams filled in between with: fireproof material, and all girders for the support of said beams shall be of wrought iron or rolled steel. The fly-galleries entire, including pin-rails, shall be constructed of iron or steel, and the floors of said galleries shall be composed of iron or steel beams, filled with frreproof materials, and no wood boards or sleepers! shall be used as covering over beams, but the said floors shall be entirely fire- proof. The rigging loft shall be fireproof. All stage scenery, curtains and decora- tions made of combustible material, and all woodwork on or about the stage shall be painted or saturated with some non- combustible material or otherwise ren- dered safe against fire, and the finishing coats of paint applied to all woodwork through the entire building shall be of such kind as will resist fire to the satis- j faction of the department of buildings, i The roof over the auditorium and the en- ! tire main floor of the auditorium and ves- tibule. also the entire floor of the second story of the front superstructure over the: entrance, lobby and corridors, and all gal- leries aud supports for the same in the auditorium shall be constructed of iron or steel and fireproof materials, not ex- cluding the use of wood floor-boards and necessary sleepers to fasten the same to. but such sleepers shall not mean timbers of support, and the space between the sleepers, excepting a portion under the stepping in the galleries, which shall bo properly fire-stopped, shall be solidly filled with incombustible material up to under side of the floor-boards. The fronts of each gallery Bhall be formed of fire- proof materials, except the capping, which may be made of wood. Tho celling tinder each gallery shall be entirely formed of fireproof materials. The celling by the auditorium shall be formed of fireproof materials. All lathing, whenever used, shall be of wire or other metal. The par- titions In that portion of tfie building which contains the auditorium, the eu- Irance and vestibule and every room and passage devoted to the use of the audi- ence shall be constructed of fireproof ma- terials, Including the furring of outside or olfyer walls. None of the walls or ceil- ings shall be covered with wood sheath- ing. canvas or any combustible material. Hut this Mhall not exclude the use of wood wainscot ing to a height not to exceed si*, feet, which hall be filled in soll/1 between the wainscoting and the wall with fire- proof materials. The walls separating t lie a .-tors' dressing rooms from tho stage and the partitions dividing the dressing t-gether with the psrM'tons «f every passageway from the same to ths stage, and all the partitions od or about the stage shall be constructed of fire- proof material approved by the depart- ment of buildings. All doors in any of said partitions shall be fireproof. All shelving and cupboards in each and every dressing room, property room or other storage rooms shall be constructed of metal, slate or some fireproof material. Dressing rooms may be placed in the fly- galleries provided that proper exits are secured theretrom to the fire escapes In the open courts, and that the partitions and other matters pertaining to dressing rooms shall conform to the requirements herein contained, but the stairs leading to the same shall be fireproof. All dressing rooms shall have an independent' exit leading directly into a court or street, and shall be ventilated by windows in the external walls; and no dressing room shall be below the street level. All win- dows shall be arranged to open, and none of the windows in outside walls shall have fixed sashes, iron grills or bars. All seats in the auditorium, excepting those con- tained in boxes, shall be -not less than thirty-two inches from back to back, measured in a horizontal direction, and firmly secured to the floor. No seat In the auditorium shall have more than six seats intervening between it and an aisl- 1 on either side. No stool or seat shall be placed in any aisle. All platforms in gal- leries formed to receive the seats shall not be more than twenty-one inches in height of riser, nor less than thirty-two inches in width of plat- form. All aisles on the respective flooi-3 in the auditorium shall be not less than three feet wide where they begin, and shall be increased in width toward the exits in a ratio of one and one-half inches to five running feet. The foyers, lobbies, corridors, passages and rooms tor the use of the audience, uot including aisles spaced between seats, shall on the first or main floor where the seat- ing capacity exceeds five hundred or more, be at least sixteen feet clear, back of the last row of seats, and on each balcony or gallery at least twelve feet clear of the last row of seats. Gradients or inclined planes shall be employed instead of steps where pos- sible to overcome slight difference of level la cr between aisles, corridors and passages. Every theater accommodai - ing three hundred persons shall have at least two exits; when accommo- dating five hundred persons, at least three exits shall be provided; these exits not referring to or including the exits to the open court at the side of the theater. Doorways of exit or eutranee for the use ot the publlcshall be not less than five feet in width, and for every additional one hundred persons or portions thereof to be accom- modated. In excess of five hundred, an ag- gregate of twenty inches additional exit wtdth must be allowed. All doors of exit or entrance shall open outwardly and be huDg to swing in such a manner as not l*. become an obstruction in a passage or corridor, and no such doors shall be closed and locked during any representa- tion, or when the building Is open to the public. Distinct aud separate places of exit und entrance shall he provided for each gallery above the first. A common place of exit and entrance niny serve for the main floor of the auditorium aud the first gallery, provided Us capacity be equal to the aggregate capacity of the outlets from the main floor und tho said gallery. No passage leading to any stair- way communicating with any entrance or exit shall be less than four feet In width In any part thereof. All stairs within the building shall be constructed of fire- proof matorlnl throughout. Stairs from balconies and galleries shall not com- municate with the basement nr cellar All stairs shall have I read/, of uniform width and risers of uniform height throughout In each llighl. Stairways serving for the exit for fifty people shall be at least four feet wide between railings or I . u ,. n 'vp 1 1- nod 'o. every additional 42 BUILDING AND HEALTH LAWS AFFECTING THE CITY OF NEW YORK. fifty people to be accommodated six Inches must be added to their width. The width of all stairs shall be measured in the clear between hand-rails. In no case shall the risers of any stairs exceed seven and a half inches in height, nor shall the treads, exclusive of nosings, be less than ten and one-half inches wide in straight stairs. No circular or winding stairs for the use of the public shall be permitted. Where the seating capacity is for more than one thousand people, there shall be at least two independent staircases, with direct exterior outlets, provided for each gallery in the auditorium, where there are not more than two galleries, and the same shall be located on opposite sides of said galleries. Where there are more tnan two galleries one or more additional staircases shall bo provided, the outlets from which shall communicate directly with the principal exit or other exterior outlets. All said staircases shall be of width proportionate to the seating ca- pacity as elsewhere herein prescribed. Where the seating capacity is for one thousand people, or less, two direct lines of staircases only shall be required, lo- cated on opposite sides of the galleries, and in both cases shall extend from the sidewalk level to the upper gallery, with outlets from each gallery to each of said staircases. At least two independent staircases, with direct exterior outlets, shall also be provided for the service of the stage and shall be located on the op- posite sides of the same. All inside stair- ways leading to the upper galleries of the auditorium shall be inclosed on both sides with walls of fireproof materials. Stairs leading to the first or lower gallery may be left open on one side, in which case they shall be constructed as herein provided for similar stairs leading from the entrance hall to the main floor of the auditorium. But in no case shall stairs leading to any gallery be left open on both sides. When straight stairs return directly on themselves, a landing of the full width of both flights, without any steps, shall be provided. The outer line of landings shall be curved to a radius of not less than two feet, to avoid square angles. Stairs turning at an angle shall have a proper landing without winders Introduced at said turn. In stairs, when two side flights connect with one main flight, no winders shall be introduced, and the width of the main flight shall be at least equal to the aggregate width of the side flights. All stairs shall have proper landings introduced at convenient distances. All inclosed stair- cases shall have, on both sides, strong hand-rails firmly secured to the wall about three inches distant therefrom and about three feet above the stairs, but said hand-rails shall not run on level platforms and landings where the same is more in length than the width of the stairs. All staircases eight feet and over in width shall be provided with a center hand- rail of metal, not less than two inches in diameter, placed at a height of about three feet above the center of the treads, and supported on wrought metal or brass standards of sufficient strength, placed not nearer than four feet nor more than six feet apart, and securely bolted to the treads or risers of stairs, or both, and at the head of each flight of stairs, on each landing, the post or standard shall be at least six feet in height, to which the rail shall be secured. Every steam boiler which may be required for heating or other purposes shall be located out- side of the building, and the space al- lotted to the same shall be inclosed by walls of masonry oia all sides, and the ceiling of such space shall be constructed of fireproof materials. All doorways in said walls shall have fireproof doors. No floor register for heating shall be permit- ted. No coil or radiator shall be placed In any aisle or passageway used as an exit, but all said coils and radiators shall be placed in recesses formed in the wall or partition to receive the same. All supply, return or exhaust pipes shall be properly incased and protected where passing through floors or near woodwork. Standpipes four inches in diameter shali be provided with hose attachments on every floor and gallery as follows, name- ly: One on each side of the auditorium in each tier, also on each side of the stage in each tier and at least one in the property room and one in the carpenter’s shop, if the same be contiguous to the building. All such standpipes shall be kept clear from obstruction. Said stand- pipes shall be separate and distinct, re- ceiving their supply of water direct from the power pump or pumps, and shall be fitted with the regulation couplings of the fire department, and shall be kept con- stantly filled with water by means of an automatic power pump or pumps, of suf- ficient capacity to supply all the lines of hose when operated simultaneously, and said pump or pumps shall be supplied from the street main and be ready for immediate use at all times during the performance in said building. In addi- tion to the requirements contained in this section, the standpipes shall also con- form to the requirements contained in section 102 of this code. A separate and distinct system of automatic sprinklers, with fusible plugs, approved by the de- partment of buildings, supplied with water from a tank located on the roof over the stage and not connected In any manner with the standpipes, shall be placed each side of the proscenium open- ing and on the ceiling or roof over the stage at such intervals as will protect every square foot of stage surface when said sprinklers are in operation. Auto- matic sprinklers shall also be placed, whereever practicable, in the dressing rooms, under the stage and in the car- penter shop, paint rooms, storp rooms and property room A proper and suf- ficient quantity of two and one-half inch hose, not less than one hundred feet in length fitted with the regulation coup- lings of the fire department, and with nozzles attached thereto, and with hose spanners at each outlet, shall always be kept attached to each hose attachment as the fire commissioner may direct. There shall also be kept In readiness for immediate use on Ihe stage, at least four casks full of water, and two buckets to each cask. Said casks and buckets shall be painted red. There shall also he pro- j vided hand pumps or other portable fire extinguishing apparatus and at least four axes and two twenty-five foot books, two fifteen foot hook = , and two ten foot hooks on each tier or floor of the stage. Every portion of the building devoted to the uses or accommodation of the public, also all outlets leading to the streets and in- cluding the open courts or corridors, shall b° well and properly lighted during every performance, and the same shall remain lighted until the entire audience has left the premises All gas or electric lights in the halls, corridors, lobby or any other part of said buildings used by the audience, except the auditorium, must be controlled by a separate shut-off. located in the lobby ami controlled only in that particular place. Gas mains sup- plying the building shall have indepen- dent connections for the auditorium and the stage, and provision shall be made for shutting off the gas from the out- side of the building. When interioi gas lights are not 1‘ehtsd by electricity other suitable appliances, to be approved by the department of buildings, shall be provided. All suspended or bracket lights j surrounded by glass in the auditorium, or in any part of the building devoted to the publie, shall be provided with proper wire netting underneath. No gas or elec- tric light shall be Inserted In the walls, woodwork, ceilings, or in any part of the building, unless protected by fireproof materials. All lights in passages and corridors in said buildings, and wherever deemed necessary by the department of buildings shall be protected with proper wire net work. The footlights, in addi- tion to the wire network, shall be pro- tected with a strong wire guard and chain, placed not less than two feet dis- tant from said footlights, and the trough 1 containing said footlights shall be formed of and surrounded by fireproof materials. All border lights shall be constructed ac- cording to the best known methods, and subject to the approval of the depart- ment of buildings, and shall be suspend- ed for ten feet by wire rope. All ducts or shafts used for conducting heated air from the main chandelier, or from any other light or lights, shall be constructed of metal and made double, with an air space between. All stage lights shall have strong metal wire guards or screens, not less than ten inches in diameter, so constructed that any material in contact therewith shall be out of reach of the flames of said stage lights and must be soldered to the fixture In all cases. The standpipes, gas pipes, electric wires, hose, footlights, and all apparatus for the extinguishing of fire or guarding against the same, as in this section speci- fied, shall be in charge and under control of the fire department, and the commis- sioner of said department is hereby di- rected to see that the arrangements in respect thereto a support iron or steel girders carrying in- closure walls, the said columns shall be of cast iron, wrought iron, or rollel steel, and on their exposed outer and in- ner surfaces be constructed to resist fire by having a casing of brickwork not less than eight, inches in thicknes on the outer surfaces, nor less than four inches in thickness on the inner surfaces, and all bonded into the brickwork of the in- closure walls. The exposed sides of the iron or steel girders shall be similarly covered in with brickwork not less thau four Inches in thickness ou the outer surfaces and tied and bonded, but the extreme outer edge of the flanges of beams, or plates or angles connected to i he beams, may project to within two inches of the outside surface of the brick casing. The inside surfaces of girders may be similarly covered with brickwork, or if projecting inside of the wall, they shall he protected by terra-cotta, con- crete or other fireproof material. Gird- ers for the support of the inclosure walls shall be placed at the floor line of each story. Steel and Wroofflit Iron Columns. See. Ill — No part of a steel or wrought iron column shall be less than one-quar- ter of an Inch thick. No wrought Iron or rolled steel column shall have an un- supported length of more than forty times its least lateral dimension or di- ameter, except as modified by section 138 of this code, and also except in 6uch cases as the commissioners of buildings may specially allow a greater unsup- ported length. The ends of all columns shall be faced to a plane surface at right angles to the axis of the columns and the connection between them shall be made with splice plates. The joint may be effected by rivets of sufficient size and number to transmit the entire stress, and then the splice plates shall be equal In sectional area to the area of column spliced. When the section of the columns to be spliced Is such that spliced plates THE BUILDING CODE. 43 cannot be used, a connection formed of plate 3 and angles may be used, designed to properly distribute the stress. No ma- teria 1 v hether in the body of the column or used as lattice-bar or stay-plate, shall be used in any wrought iron or steel col- umn of less thickness than one-thirty- second of its unsupported width measured between centers of rivets transversely, or one-sixteenth the distance between centers or rivets in the direction of the j stress. Stay-plates are to have not less than four rivets, and are to be spaced so that the ratio of length by the least ra- dius of gyration of the parts connected does not exceed forty; the distance be- tween nearest rivets of two stay-plates shall in this case be considered as length. Steel an 1 wrought iron columns shall be made in one, two or three-story lengths, and the materials shall be rolled in one length wherever practicable to avoid in- termediate splices. Where any part of t lie section of a column projects beyond that of the column below, the difference shall be made up by filling plates se- cured to column by the proper number of rivets. Shoes of iron or steel, as de- scribed for cast iron columns, or built shoes of plates and shapes may be used, complying with same requirements. Cast Iron folunmn. Sec. 112. Cast iron columns shall not have less diameter than five inches or less thickness than three-quarters of an inch. Nor shall they have an unsupport- ed length of more than twenty times iheir least lateral dimensions or diam- eters, except as modified by section 128 of this code, and except the same may form part of an elevator inelosure or staircase, and also except In such eases i as the commisssioner of buildings having jurisdiction may specially allow a great - , er unsupported length. All cast iron col- I umns shall be of good workmanship and material. The top and bottom flanges, i seats and lugs shall be of ample strength reinforced by fillets and brackets; they shall not be less than one Inch In thick- ness when finished. All columns must be faced at the ends to a true surface per- pendicular to the axis of the column. Column joints shall be secured by not less than four bolts each, not less than three-quarters of an Inch in diameter. The holes for these bolts shall be drilled to a template. The core of the column below a Joint shall be not larger than ihe core of the column above, and the metal shall be tapered down for a dis- tance of not less than six inches, or a Joint plate may be inserted of sufficient strength to distribute the load. The thickness of metal shall be not le3s than one-twelfth the diameter or the greatest lateral dimension of cross section, but never less than three-quarters of an Inch. Wherever the core of a cast iron column has shifted more ihait one-fourth the thickness of the shell, the strength shall be romputed assuming the thlekness . of metal all around equal to 'he thinnest part, and the column shall be condemned I if this computation shows the strength to, be less than required by this code Wherever blowholes or Imperfections are found In a cast Iron column which re- ^ duces the area of the cross-section at that point more than ten per cent., such j column shall be condemned. Cas' Iron | posts or eolurnns not cast with one open side or back, before being set up in i tn0. The dead loads in all build- ings shall consist of the actual weight of walls, floors, roofs, partitions and all permanent construction. The live or variable loads shall con- sist of all loads other than dead loads. Every floor shall be of sufficient strength to bear safely the weight to be imposed thereon in addition to the weight of the materials of which the floor is composed; if to be used as a dwelling house, apartment house, tenement, house, hotel or lodging house, each floor shall be of sufficient strength in all Its parts to bear safely upon every superficial foot of its surface not less than sixty pounds; if to be used for office purposes not less than seventy-five pounds upon every su- perficial foot above the first floor, and for the latter floor one hundred and fifty pounds; if to be used as a school or place of instruction, not less than sev- enty-five pounds upon every superficial foot; if to be used for stable and car- riage house purposes, not less than sev- enty-five pounds upon every superficial foot; if to be used as a place of public assembly, not less than ninety pounds upon every superficial foot; if to be used for ordinary stores, light manufacturing and light storage, not less than one hun- dred and twenty pounds upon every su- perficial foot; if to be used as a store where heavy materials are kept or stored, warehouse, factory, or for any other man- ufacturing or commercial purpose, not less than one hundred and fifty pounds upon every superficial foot. The strength of factory floors Intended to carry running machinery shall be in- creased above the minimum given In this section in proportion to the degree of vibratory impulse liable to be trans- mitted to the floor, as may be required by tile commissioner of buildings having jurisdiction The roofs of all buildings having a pitch of less than twenty de- grees shall be proportioned to bear safely fifty pounds upon every superficial foot of their surface, in addition to the weight of materials composing the same. If the pitch be more than twenty degrees the live load shall be assumed at thirty pounds upon every superficial foot meas- ured on a horizontal plane. For side- walks between the curb and area lines the live Load shall b« taken at three hundred pounds upon every superficial foot. Every column, post or other verti- cal support shall be of sufficient strength to bear safely the weight of the portion of each and every floor depending upon it for support, in addition to the weight required as before stated to be supported safely upon said portion of said floors. For the purpose of determining the car- rying capacity of columns of dwellings, office buildings, stores, stables and publie buildings when over five stories In height, a reduction of the live loads shall be per- missible as follows: For the roof and top floor the full live loads shall be used; for each succeeding lower floor It shall be permissible to reduce the live load by five per cent, until fifty per cent, of the live loads fixed by this section is reached, when such reduced loads shall ba used for all remaining floors. Load on Floors to be Distributed. Sec. 131. The weight placed on any of the floors of any building shall be safely distributed thereon. The commissioner of buildings having jurisdiction may require the owner or occupant of any building, or of any portion thereof, to re-dis- tribute the load on any floor, or to lighten such load, where he deems it to be necessary. Strength of Existing Floors to Be Calculated. Sec. 132. In all warehouses, storehouses, factories, workshops, and stores where heavy materials are kept or stored, or machinery introduced, the weight that each floor will safely sustain upon each superficial foot thereof, or upon each va- rying part of such floor, shall be estimated by the owner or occupant, or by a compe- tent person employed by the owner or occupant. Such estimate shall be reduced to writing, on printed forms furnished by the department of buildings, stating the material, size, distance apart and span of beams and girders, posts or col- umns to support floors, and its correct- ness shall be sworn to by the person making the same, and it shall thereupon be filed in the office of the department of buildings. But if the commissioners of buildings shall have cause to doubt the correctness of said estimate, they are empowered to revise and correct the same, and for the purpose of such re- vision the officers and employes of the department of buildings may enter any building and remove so much of any floor or other portion thereof as may be re- quired to make necessary measuremente and examination. When the correct esti- mate of the weight that the floors in any such buildings will safely sustain has been ascertained, as herein provided, the department of buildings shall approve the same, and thereupon the owner or oc- cupant of said buiidlng, or of any portion thereof, shall post a copy of such ap- proved estimate in a conspicuous place uo each story, or varying parts of each story, of the building to which it re- lates. Before any building hereafter erected Is occupied and used. In whole or in part, for any of the purposes afore- said. and before any building, erected prior to the passage of this code, but not at such time occupied for any of the aforesaid purposes, is occupied or used, in whole or in part, for any of said purposes, the weight that each floor will safely sustain upon each superficial foot thereof, shall be ascertained and posted In a con- spicuous place on each story or varying parts of each story of the building to which ft relates. No person shall place, or cause or permit to be placed on any floor of any building any greater load than the safe load thereof, as correctly estimated and ascertained as herein pro- vided. Any expense necessarily incurred in removing any floor or other portion of any building for the purpose of making any examination herein provided for shall be paid by the comptroller of The City of New York, upon the requisition of the board of buildings, out of the fund paid over to said board under the provisions of section one hundred and fifty-eight of this code. Such ex- THE BUILDING CODE. 45 peases shall be a charge against the per- son or persons by whom or on whose be- half said estimate was made, provided such examination proves the floors of in- sufficient strength to carry with safety the loads found upon them when such ex- amination was made; and shall be col- lected in an action to be brought by the corporation counsel against said person or persons, and the sum so collected shall be paid over to the said comptroller to be deposited in said fund in reimburse- ment of the amount paid as aforesaid. When the architect of record for any building has filed with his application to build the data required to determine the strength of floors, on one of the blank forms provided for that purpose, such examination shall not be required, pro- vided that the purposes and uses of the building have not been changed. Strength or Temporary Supports. Sec. 133. Every temporary support placed under any structure, wall girder or beam, during the erection, finishing, alteration, or repairing of any building or structure or any part thereof, shall he of sufficient strength to safely carry the load to be placed thereon. square inch shall not exceed that in the following tables: / When the Length r- Working Stresses per Sq.— \ Divided by Least Inch of Section. Radius of Gvration Fast Wr'giv Equals : Iron. Steel. Iron. 120 * 240 4.400 110 • % 820 5.200 100 0.400 6.000 o 0SO 6. S00 so 30.560 7.600 9 *nr> 11.140 M0 050 r>$o 550 425 475 t>40 500 f»60 700 575 045 7S4 620 636 820 c;»o 730 Rolled steel Cast steel .... Wrought iron Cast iron Yellow pine . White pine .. Spruce Oak Hemlock Tension (Direct). Shear. Steel weh plates Steel shop rivets and pins Steel field rivets Steel field bolts Wrought iron web plates Wrought iron shop rivets and pins. Wrought iron field rivets Wrought iron field bolts Cast iron Yellow pine White pine . Spruce Oak Locust Hemlock ... Chestnut ... I* otto 16.000 12.000 3.000 1.200 soo *oo 1.000 600 9 no* 10,000 s.ono 7.000 6.000 7.500 6.000 5.500 8.000 Wilh Across fiber, fiber. 70 40 50 100 100 40 PART XXIV. CALCl LATIOXS. STRENGTH OF MA- TERIALS. Ufe Load for Maionry Work. Sec. 134. The safe-bearing load to apply to brickwork shall be taken at eight tons per superficial foot, when lime mortar is used; eleven and one-half tons per su- perficial foot when lime and cement mortar mixed is used; fifteen tons per superficial foot when cement mortar is used. The safe-bearing load to apply to rubble-stone work shall be taken at ten tons per superficial foot when Portland cement is used; when cement other than Portland is used, eight tons per super- ficial foot; when lime and cement mortar mixed is used, seven tons per superficial foot; and when lime mortar is used, five tons per superficial foot. The safe- bearing load to apply to concrete when Portland cemeDt is used shall be taken at fifteen tons per superficial foot; and when cement other than Portland is used, eight tons per superficial foot. Weights of Certain Materials. Sec. 135. In computing the weight of walls, a cubic foot of brickwork shall be deemed to weigh one hundred and fifteen pounds. Sandstone, white marble, granite and other kinds of building stone shall be deemed to weigh one hundred and setenty pounds per cubic foot. Com pn t a t Ion ■ for Strength of Ma- terial*. Sec. 136. The dimensions of each piece •r combination of materials required shall be nsrertalned by computation, ac- cording to the rules prescribed by this code. Factors of Safety. Sec. 137. Where the unit stress for any matetial la not prescribed In this code the relation of allowable unit stress to ultimate strength shall be as one to four for metals, subjected to tension or trans- verse stress; as one to six for timber, and as one to ten for natural or artificial stones and brick or stone masonry. Rut wherever working stresses are pro- scribed In this code, varying the factors of safety hereinabove given, the said working stresses shall he used. Strength of Colnnins. See. 13*. In columns or compression members with flat ends of cast Iron, steel, wrought Iron or wood, the stress per :o 15 12 10 And in like proportion for intermediate ratios. Five-eighths the values given for white pine shall also apply to chestnut and hemlock posts. For locust posts use one and one-half the value given for white pine. Columns apd compression members shall not he used haviDg an unsupport- ed length of greater ratios than given in the tables. Any column eccentrically loaded shall have the stresses caused by such eccentricity computed, and the com- bined stresses resulting from such eccen- tricity at any part of the column, added to all other stresses at that part, shall in no case exceed the working stresses stated in this code. The eccentric load of a column shall be considered to be distributed equally over the entire area of that column at the next point below' at which the column is securely braced laterally in the direc- tion of the eccentricity. Working Stresses. Sec. 139.— The safe carrying capacity of the various materials of construction (except in the case of columns) shall be determined by the following working stresses in pounds per square inch of sectional area: Safe Extreme Fiber Stress (Bending) Rolled steel beams Rolled steel pins, rivets and bolts.. Riveted steel beams (net flange section) Rolled wrought iron beams Rolled wrought Iron pins, rivets and bolts Riveted wrought Iron beams (net flange section) Cast iron, compression side Cast iron, tension side Yelow pine White pine - Spruce Oak ••• Locust Hemlock Chestnut Granite Greenwich stone Gneiss (New York City) Limestone Slate Marble Sandstone Bluestone (North River) Concrete (Portland) cement, 1; sand. 2; stone. 4 Concrete (Portland) cement, 1; sand. 2; stone, 5 Concrete (Rosendale, or equal) ce- ment. 1; sand, 2; stone, 4 Concrete (Rosendale, or equal) ce- ment, 1; sand. 2; stone, 5 Brick (common) Brickwork (In cement) 500 257 320 600 720 275 150 16,000 20.000 14, "00 12.000 15.000 l".noo 16.000 3.000 1,200 ?«o 600 1.000 1.200 600 Sf'll ISO 150 150 150 400 ■ 120 100 300 Compression (Direct). With grain. Across grain. 16.000 JG.000 12,000 Cast Iron (In short blocks) Steel pins and rivets (bearing).... Wrought iron pins and rivets 3 6.00 0 20.000 15.000 900 800 1,000 600 800 400 800 400 1.200 1 000 500 600 uUO 1.000 Concrete (Portland) cement, 1; 250 Concrete" (Portland) cement. 1; 20* Concrete".’ R->«*ndale, or equal, cement, 1: sand. 2; atone, 4.... Concrete. Roeendale, or equal, cement, 1; aand. 2; atone. 6 Rubble atonework In Portland 126 lit 1*6 Rubble atonework In Roaendale 111 Rubble atonework In lime and 97 Flubbt* stonework In lime morter Brickwork In Portland cement mortar: cement, 1; sand, 3 Brickwork In Rosendale or equal, rement mortar; cement, 1; sand. 70 250 2'-8 Brickwork In lime and cement inortar; cement, 1; lime, 1; 110 Brickwork. In lime mortar; ilme. in Granite, (according to (aat) 1,000 lo 2.400 1.200 Oneiaa (New Vork City) Limestones farrordln* to t**ti ... Marbles fscrordlns to test) Mandstones faccordln* to test)..,. Rluestone. North Rh«*r Rrlck rHaveratraw, flatwise) B’itt 1.300 700 to r.300 GOO to 1.200 4 0 1" 1.6e*> 2.000 300 l,??d Wind Pressure. Sec. 140. All structures exposed to wind shall be designed to resist a hori- zontal wind pressure of thirty pounds for every square foot of surface thus exposed, from the ground to the top of same, in- cluding roof, in any direction. In no case shall the overturning moment due to wind pressure exceed seventy-five per centum of the moment of stability of the structure. In all structures exposed to wind, if the resisting moments of the ordinary materials of construction, such as masonry, partitions, floors and con- nections are not sufficient to resist the moment of distortion duo to wind pres- sure, taken in any direction on any part of the structure, additional bracing shall be introduced sufficient to make up the difference in the moments. In caloula- tlons for wind bracing, the working stresses set forth In this code may be Increased by fifty per centum. In build- ing-! under one hundred feet In height, provideil the height does not exceed four times the average width of the base, the wind pressure may bo disregarded. PART XXV. l'l, I MHING AM) DRAINAGE. I 1 ;, in bi nir, Urolnsge and Repair* Thereto. See. 141. I. The drainage and plumbing of all buildings, both public and Private, sh ill be executed In accordance with tin* rules and regulations of tho department of buildings. Said rules and refuta- tion* and any change thereof shall be published In the “nity Record on eight successive Mondays before tho same shall become operative. . Re ini Ira or alterations of such plumbing or drainage may be madp without the log and approval of drawing* „ , , t • i 1 rlm« nt of buildings. 46 BUILDING AND HEALTH LAWS AFFECTING THE CITY OF NEW YORK. but such repairs or alterations shall not be construed to include cases where new vertical or horizontal lines of soil, waste, vent or leader pipes are proposed to be used. Notice of such repairs or alterations shall be given to the said department before the same are commenced in such cases as shall be prescribed by the rules and regulations of the said department, and the work shall be done in accordance with the said rules and regulations. II. Once in each year, every employing or master plumber carrying on his trade, business or calling in The City of New York, shall register his name and address at the office of the department of build- ings in said city under such rules and regulations as said department shall pre- scribe and as hereinafter provided. And thereupon he shall be entitled to receive a certificate of such registration from said department, provided, however, that such employing or master plumber shall, at the time of applying for such registration, hold a certificate of compe- tency from the examining board of plumbers of said city. The time for making such registration shall be during the month of March in each year. Where, however, a persofi obtains a certificate of competency at a time other th^r in the month of March in any year, he may register within thirty days after obtaining such certificate of competency, but he must also register in the month of March in each year as here- in provided. Such registration may be canceled by the department of buildings for a viola- tion of the rules and regulations for the plumbing and drainage of said depart- ment of buildings, duly adopted and in force pursuant to the provisions of this section or whenever the person so regis- tered ceases to be a master or employing plumber, after a hearing had before said department, and upon a prior notice of not. less than ten days, stating the grounds of complaint and served upon the person charged with the violation of the aforesaid rules and regulations. III. After this code takes effect, no per- son, corporation or copartnership shall engage in or carry on the trade, busi- ness or calling of employing or master plumber in The City of New York, unless the name and address of such person and the president, secretary or treasurer of such corporation and each and every member of such copartnership shall have been registered as above provided. IV. No person or persons shall expose the sign of “Plumber” or “Plumbing” or a sign containing words of similar im- port and meaning in The City of New York unless each person forming such a copartnership shall have obtained a certificate of competency from the exam- ining board of plumbers, and shall have registered as herein provided. A master or employing plumber within the meaning of this code is any person who hires or employs a person or persons to do plumbing work. V. The inspectors of plumbing in the department of buildings in addition to their other duties shall ascertain whether the employing or master plumber hav- ing charge of the construction, repair- ing or alteration of any plumbing work performed in The City of New York is registered as herein provided, and if such person is not so registered then such inspectors .shall forthwith report »o said department the name of said plumber. VI. The commissioner of buildings hav- ing jurisdiction may present a petition to a justice of the supreme court or to a special term thereof for an order re- straining the person so reported from acting as an employing or master plumb- er until he registers pursuant to the pro- visions of this code. Said petition shall state that the said person is engaged in plumbing work as an employing or mas- ter plumber without having so regis- tered and shall be verified by the in- spector making the said report. Upon the presentation of the petition! the court shall grant an order requiring •uch plumber to appear before a special term of the supreme court on a date therein specified, not less than two nor more than six days after the granting thereof, to show cause why he should not be permanently enjoined until he has ob- tained a certificate of registration as herein required. A copy of such petition and order shall be served upon such per- son not less than twenty-four hours be- fore the return thereof. On the day specified in such order the court before whom the same is returnable shall hear the proofs of the parties and may, if deemed necessary, take testimony in re- lation to the allegations of the petition. If the court is satisfied that such plumber is practicing without having reg- istered as provided by this code, an order shall be granted enjoining him from act- ing as an employing or master plumber, until he has so registered. No undertaking shall be required as a condition to the granting or issuing of such injunction order or by reason thereof. If after the entry of such order in a county clerk’s office in Tlie City of New York such person shall in violation df such order, practice as an employing or master plumber, he shall be deemed gjiilty of a criminal contempt of court, and be punishable as for a criminal con- tempt in the manner provided by the code of civil procedure. In no case shall the department of buildings be liable for costs in any such proceeding, but costs may be allowed against the defendant or defendants in the discretion of the court. PART XXVI. BLILDINGS RAISED, LOWERED, AL- TERED OR MOVED. Sec. 142. Within the fire limits it shall not be lawful for the owner or owners of any brick dwelling-house with eight- inch walls, or of any wood building al- ready erected that has a peaked roof, to raise the same for the purpose of making a flat roof thereon, unless the same be raised with the same kind of material as the building, and unless such new roof be covered with fireproof material, and provided that such building,, when so raised, shall not exceed forty feet in height to the highest part thereof. All such buildings must exceed twenty-five feet in height to the peak of the main roof before the said alteration and rais- ing. In increasing the height of aDy such building the entire area which such building covers may be raised to a uni- form height. If any such building has an extension of less width than the main building the same may be increased in width to the full width of the main build- ing. with the same kind of material and to the same height as the main build- ing. Any such building may be extended either on the front or rear to a depth of not more than fifteen feet and not ] more than the width of the building, and not more than two stories aud basement in height, with the same kind of rn terial as the building. Any frame building sit- uated in a row of frame buildings may be increased in height to conform to the height of adjoining buildings. If any block situated within the fire limits has ninety per cent, of the buildings, located thereon, constructed of frame, any vacant lot situated therein may have a frame building placed thereon, provided the same be not more than two stories and basement in height and is to be used for residence purposes only. If any building shall have been built before the street upon which it is located is graded, or if the grade is altered, such building may be raised or lowered to meet the require- ments of such grade. The restrictions contained in this section shall not pro- hibit one story and basement frame dwelling houses from being increased one additional story In height. Within the fire 1'lllils no f :• ■ • ImUd'nr -pore iho' 1 1 two stories In height, now used as a dwelling, shall hereafter be raised or al- tered to be used as a factory, warehouse or stable. No wood building within or without the fire limits shall be moved from one lot to another until a statement setting forth the purposes of said removal and thl uses to which said building is to be ap* plied is filed in the department of build- ings, and a permit be first obtained therefor. No wood building shall be moved from without to within the fire limits. Within the fire limits no brick building shall be enlarged or built upon unless the exterior walls of said addition or en- largement be constructed of incombusti- ble materials; provided, however, that such brick building may be raised, low- ered or altered under the same circum- stances, and in the manner provided for in this section. PART XXVII. FIRE LIMITS. Fire Limits. No frame or stooiI structure shall l>e built hereafter in the City of New York within the following' limits: Sec. 143. In the Borough of Manhattan: Within the following described lines: Beginning at a point on the North River at the Battery and running them e north- erly along the pier headline to a point one hundred feet north of the northerly side of One Hundred and Sixty-fifth street, and running thence easterly one hundred feet north of the northerly side of One Hundred and Sixty-fifth street to a point one hundred feet west of the westerly side of Broadway; thence north- erly on a line drawn always one hundred feet west of the westerly side of Broad- way to the bulkhead line of the Harlem River; thence southerly along the bulk- head line of the Harlem River to the Bronx Kills; thence easterly along the bulkhead line of the Bronx Kills to Ihs East River; then e southerly along the East River, passing to the east of Black- well’s Island; and thence continuing by the pierhead line of the East River to the place of beginning. Adopted by the board of aldermen, De- cember 12, 1899. Adopted by the council, December 19, It 99. Approved by the mayor, December 23- 1899. In the Borough of The Bronx: Within the following described lines: Beginning at a point on the eastern bulkhead line of the Harlem River one Hundred feet south of East One Hundred and Sixty-first street, running thence easterly and parallel with East One Hun- dred and Sixty-first street to the east side of Sheridan avenue and one hun- dred feet therefrom; thence north on the east side of Sheridan avenue to a point one hundred feet north of the north line of East One Hundred and Sixty-firs: street; thar.-e easterly and parallel to East One Hundred and Sixty-first street and one hundred feet therefrom to a point one hundred feet west of Bark r. v e- nue; thence northeasterly and parallel to Parle a ''011110 and one hundred feet therefrom to a point distant one Hundred feet west of Webster avenue; tberco northerly aid parallel to Webster ave- nue and one hundred feet therefrom to a point one hundred feet northerly at East One Hundred and Seventy-seventh street; thence easterly and parallel to East One Hundred and Seventy-seventh street and one hundred feet therefrom to Third ave- nue; thence southerly along the westerly boundary line of Crotona Park, and thence easterly along the southerly boundary line of Crotona Tark to a point distant one hundred feel east of Prospect avenue; thence along Prospect avenue and one hundred feet east therefrom t > Westchester avenue: thence along West- chester avenue and on • hundred feet east therefrom to a r’" THE BUILDING CODE. 47 east of the easterly line of Robbins ave- I nue; thence southerly and parallel to t Robbins avenue one hundred feet east s therefrom to the Port Morris Branch ( Railroad; thence southeasterly along the i Port Morris Branch Railroad to the East . Rtrer; thence southwesterly along the ' East Rlrer, northwesterly along the 1 Bronx Kills and northerly along the Har- tem River to the point of beginning. la the Borough of Brooklyn: Within the following described lines: Beginning at a point formed by the Intersection of Sixtieth street and New York bay: thence running easterly on a line drawn one hundred feel south of and parallel with the southerly side of Sixtieth street to Sixth avenue; thence running northerly on a line drawn one hundred feet east of and parallel with the easterly side of Sixth avenue to Thirty-sixth street: thence running westerly through the center line of Thirty-sixth street to Fifth avenue; thence running northerly through the center line of Fifth avenue to Twenty- fourth street: thence running easterly through the center line of Twenty- fourth 6treet to Sixth avenue: thonce running northerly through the center line of Sixth avenue to Twenty-third s'reet; thence running easterly through the center line of Twenty-third street to Sev- enth avenue: thence running northerly through the center line of Seventh avenue to Twentieth street: thence running east- erly through the center line of Twentieth s-reet to Ninth avenue, or Prospect Parle West; thence running northerly through the center line of Ninth avenue, or Prospect Park West to Prospect avenue; thence running easterly through the cen- ter line of Prospect avenue to Eleventh avenue: thence running northerly through the center line of Eleventh avenue to Fifteenth street: thence running westerly through the center line of Fifteenth street to Ninth avenue, or prospect Park West: thence northerly through the cen- ter line of Ninth avenue, or Prospect Park West to Flatbush avenue: thence southerly along the center line of Flat- bush avenue to Ocean avenue: thence •Outherly on a line drawn one hundred feet west of and parallel with the west side of Flatbush avenue to Avenue E; thence easterly through th9 center line of Avenue E to Flatbush avenue; thence northwesterly on a line drawn one hun- dred feet east of and parallel with the easterly aide of Flatbush avenue to Franklin avenue: thence northerly on a line drawn one hundred feet east of and parallel with the easterly side of Frank- l.n avenue to Crown street: thence easterly on a line drawn one hundred feet south of and parallel with the southerly | s,de of Crown itreei to East New York avenue; thence easterly on a line drawn on# hundred feet south of and parallel with the southerly elde of East New York avenue to Gillen place: thence northerly on a line drawn one hundred feet east of and parallel with the easterly side of Gillen place to Broadway; thence north- erly on a line drawn one hundred feet east of and parallel with the "dSt a de of Broadway to Pilling atree": thence east- erly through the center line of Pilling street to Centra! avenue; thence north- westerly on a line drawn one hundred feed eaet of and parallel with the easterly aide of Central avenue to Flushing ave- nue; thence westerly from a line drawn one hundred fee* north of and parallel with the northerly side of Flushing ave- nue to Busbwlck avenue: thence nor‘h- erly on a line drawn one hundred feet east of and parallel with the easterly •ids of Buahwlclc avenue to Metro- politan avenue; thence westerly on a line drawn one hundred feet north of and parallel with the northerly side of Metropolitan avenue to Graham avenue: thence northerly on a line drawn one hundred feet east of and parallel w.'h ib# easterly aide of Graham avenue to -- r.mad avenue; then * westerly on ft line drawn one hundred : parallel wirh the northerly a 8k maa avenue to Union avenue; thence northerly oa a lias drawn one hundred feet east of and parallel with the east- erly side of Union avenue to North Ninth street; thence northwesterly on a line drawn one hundred feet northeast of ana parallel with the northeasterly side o. North Ninth street to Bedford avenue; thence easterly on a line drawn one hundred feet south of and parallel with the southerlv side of Bedford avenue to North Eleventh street: thence northwest- erly on a line drawn one hundred feet northeast of and parallel with the north- easterly side of North Eleventh street -o the East river; thence to Yan Brun. street; thence northeasterly on ft line drawn one hundred feet east of and pa.* allel with the easterly side of Van Brunt street to King street; thence south- easterly on a line drawn one hundred feet south of and parallel with the south- erly side of King street to Columbia street; thence northeasterly on a line drawn one hundred feet east of and par- allel with the easterly side of Columbia street to Luquer street; thence easterly on a line drawn one hundred feet south of and parallel with the southerly elde of Luquer street to Hamilton avenue: Thence southerly on a line drawn one hun- dred feet west of and parallel with the west side of Hamilton avenue to Court street; thence southwesterly on a line drawn one hundred feet east of and par- allel with the easterly side of Court street to Gowanus bay and New York bay to the point or place of beginning. Also beginning at a point formed by the Intersection of “East River and Noble street; thence running easterly on a line drawn one hundred feet south of and par- allel with the southerly side of Noble s‘.r°et to Lorimer street; thence south- erly on a line drawn one hundred feet west of and parallel with the westerly side of Lorlmer street to Nassau avenue: I thence easterly on a line drawn one hun- dred feet south of and parallel with the southerlv side of Nassau avenue to Oak- land street: thence northerly on a line drawn one hunrded feet east of and par- allel with the easterly side of Oakland street to Newtown creek, to the East river, to the point or place of beginning. Ir. that part of the Twenty-ninth Ward bounded by Coney Island avenue on the west, by New York avenue on the east ’ and by the tines of said ward on the I north and south, no row of two or more ' attached frame stores, dwellings or build- , ings shall be permitted to be erected: > and no frame bouse or building shall be t erected on any lot or building, plot cover- \ lng more than eighty per cent. In width of any such lot or building plot, s Resolved. That the department of : buildings be and It hereby is requested • to extend the fire Emits in the Eighth : ' Ward, Borough of Brooklyn, to Include i the territory between the south side of 1 Forty-fifth street and the north side of t Sixtieth street and the easterly side of ' Sixth avenue and the westerly side of f Seventh aventsst. ‘ Adopted by the Council, December 4, ; 1900 . Adopted by the Board of Aldermen. De- " cember 11, i 303. " [ Received by the Municipal Assembly from hts Honor the Mayor, December 20, 1 I 1900, without his approval or dlsappro- r I vai thereof: therefore, as provided In . section forty of the Greater New York t Charter, the same took effect as If he I had approved It. - i ao ordinance relative to frame bulld- - Ings In the Thirtieth Ward, Borough of t Brooklyn. ? 1 Be it ordained by the Municipal Alien* • i bly of The City of New York, as follows: • i Section 1. That lection 143 of the build- , mg code be and the same Is hereby ; | amended by adding In the section allotted „ I to the Borough of Brooklyn the follow* h ! o Any frame building erected hereafter .. d iry 1 Deluded within he foi- •1 lowing boundary — all in lh«* Thirtieth - Ward of the Borough of Brooklyn— name- sly Beginning at. the Shore road and Bay d 1 U.'Jgo avenue along Bay Kidge avenue, Including both sides of said avenue, to Fourteenth avenue; along Fourteenth avenue. Including both sides, to Eighty- sixth street: along Eighty-sixth street, including both sides, to Third avenue; along Third avenue, including both sides, to Ninety-second street; along Ninety- second street. Including both sides, to Shore road; along the said Shore road to the point of beginning— shall not occupy more than eighty (80) per cent, in widtk of the lot on which said building le erected. Adopted by the Board of Aldermen De- cember 18, 1900. Adopted by the Council December 18, 1900. Received from his honor, the Mayor. January 8, 1901. without his approval or disapproval thereof; therefore, as pro- vided in section 40 of the Greater New York charter, the same took effect as If he had approved it. AN ORDINANCE relative to frame build- ings In the Thirtieth Ward. Borough of Brooklyn. Be It Ordained by the Board of Aider- men In the Borough of Brooklyn, City of New York, as follows: Section 1. That section 143 of the building code be and the same Is hereby amended by adding in the section al- lotted to the Borough of Brooklyn, the following: Any frame building erected hereafter In the territory included within the fol- lowing boundary, all In the Thirtieth Ward of the Borough of Brooklyn, name- ly: Beginning at a point on New York Bay, one hundred feet south of the Intersec- tion of the southerly side of Sixtieth street and New York Bay; running thence easterly on a line one hundred feet south of the southerly side of Six- tieth street and parallel with Sixtieth street to a point one hundred feet east of the easterly side of Seventh avenue; thence northerly and parallel with Sev- enth avenue one hundred feet to the southerly side of Sixtieth street; thence easterly along the southerly side of Six- tieth street to a point one hundred feet east gf the easterly side of Fourteenth avenue; thence southerly on a line one hundred feet east of the easterly side of Fourteenth avenue and parallel with Fourteenth avenue to Gravesend Bay; thence following the shore line to the point or place of beginning, shall not occupy more than 80 per cent., in width of the lot on which said building Is erected. Which was referred to the Committee on Buildings. Tn the Borough of Queens: Within the following described liDes: Bounded on the south by Newtown creek; on the north by the southerly line of Nott avenue; on the west by the East river, and on the east by the westerly line of Van Alst avenue. An ordinance to amend Section 143, Part XXV11 of the "Building Code," re- lating to fire limits. Be It ordained by the Board of Aider- men of the City of New York as follows: Section 1. Section 143. Part XXVIT. of the Building Code, relating to fir* limits, so far as the same applies to the First Ward. Borough of Queens. Is hereby amended so as to read as follows: On the north by a line one hundred (100) feet north of the northerly side of Nott avenue to a point one hundred (100) feet southeast of the southeasterly side of Jackson avenue: thence southweeterl v along Jackson avenue one hundred <1001 fee: from the aoutheastcrly side thereof to ft po.nl ninety (901 feet east of the easterly side of Van Alst avenue; then 'ft southerly ninety (90) ''■"t east, of the easterly side of Van Alst avenue to New- town Creek, th* southerly «nd westerly I boundaries to remain as now establish*'!' 4 * BUILDING AND HEALTH LAWS AFFECTING THE CITY OF NEW YORK, PART XXVIII. FRAME BUILDINGS. Frame Structures Within the Fire Limits. Bee. 3 44. The provisions, in this section contained, shall apply to buildings and structures, whether temporary or per- manent, within the fire limits, as the said fire limits now are or may hereafter be established. Temporary one-story frame buildings may be erected for the uses of builders, within the limits of lots whereon build- ings are in course of erection, or on ad- joining vacant lots, upon permits issued by the commissioner of buildings having jurisdiction. Temporary structures shall be taken to mean and include platforms, stands, elec- tion booths, temporary buildings and cir- cus tents. Sheds of wood not over fifteen feet high, open on at least one side, with the sides and roof thereof covered with fireproof material, may also be built, but a fence shall not be used as the back or side thereof. Such sheds shall not cover an area exceeding two thousand five hundred square feet, except by permission of the board of buildings. Fences, signs or bill-boards shall not bit; at any point, over ten feet above the adjoining ground; except that when any fence, sign or bill-board shall be con- structed entirely of metal or of wood covered on all sides with sheet metal, including the uprights, supports and braces for same, it shall not be at any point, over eighteen feet six inches above the adjoining ground. Any letter, word, model, sign, device or representation in the nature of an adver- tisement. announcement or direction, sup- ported or attached, ■wholly or in part, over or above any w r all, building or struc- ture, shall be deemed to be a “sky sign.” Sky signs shall be constructed entirely of metal, including the uprights, supports and braces for same, and shall not be at any point over nine feet above the front wall or cornice or the building or structure to which they are attached or by which they are supported. All fences, signs, bill-boards and sky signs shall be erected entirely within the building line, and De properly se- cured, supported and braced, and shall be so constructed as not to be or become dangerous. Before the erection of any fence, sign, bill-board or sky sign shall have been commenced, a permit for the erection of the same shall be obtained from the superintendent of buildings having juris- diction, as provided in part ii, section 4, of this code. Each application for the erection of any fence, sign, bill-board or sky s.'gn, shall be accompanied by a writ- ten consent of the owner or owners, or the lessee or lessees of the property upon which it is to be erected. Piazzas or balconies of wood on build- ings other than frame building# which do not exceed eight feet in width, and which do not extend more than three feet above the second story floor beams, may be erected, provided a permit from the commissioner of buildings, having jurisdiction, be granted therefor. In con- nected bouses such piazzas or balconies may be built, provided the same are open on the front and have brick ends not less than eight inches thick, carried up above the roof of such piazza or balcony, and coped with stone. Tho roofs of all piazzas shall be covered with some fire- proof material. Frame buildings already erected may have placed on any story piazzas, balconies or bay-windows of wood, the roofs of which may be covered with the same material as the roof of the KU'\a building. Exterior privies, and wood or coal- houses, not exceeding one hundred and fifty square feet in superficial area and eight feet high, may be built of wood, but the roofs thereof must be covered with metal, gravel or slate. Frame Buildings Damaged. Sec. 145. Every wood or frame building with a brick or other front within the fire limits, which may hereafter be dam- aged to an amount not greater than one- half of the value thereof exclusive of the valuation of the foundation thereof, at the time of such damage, may be re- paired or rebuilt; but if such damage shall amount to more than one-half of such value thereof, exclusive of the value of the foundation, then such building shall not be repaired or rebuilt, but shall be taken down, except as provided in this oodp. Tn case the owner of the dam- aged building shall be dissatisfied with the decision of the commissioner of buildings having jurisidetion that such building is damaged to a greater extent than one- half of its value, exclusive of the value of the foundation, then the amount and extent of such damage shall he determ- ined upon an examination of the building by one surveyor who shall be appointed by the commissioner of buildings having jurisdiction, and one surveyor who shall be appointed by the owner or owners of said nremlses. Tn case these two survey- ors do not agree, they shall appoint a third surveyor to take nart in such ex- amination, and a decision of a majority of them reduced to writing and sworn to, shall be conclusive, and such building shall in no manner b° repaired or re- built until after such decision shall have been rendered. Frame Buildings, Outside of Fire Limits. Sec. 146. The provisions of this section shall apply to frame or other buildings hereafter erected outside of the fire lim- its, as the same are now or may here- after be established, in portions of The City of New York where streets are now and where they may hereafter be legally established. Three-storv frame buildings may be erected to a height of forty feet, said height being taken from the curb- line, -where same exists, at the center of front or side of building on which main entrance to upper floors is located. Where the walls of a building do not adjoin the street or. building line, then the average level of the ground on which the build- ing stands may be taken in place of the curb-line. The measurement, for height shall be to the highest point of roof-beams in case of flat-roof buildings, and to the average height of gable or roof in case of pitched roofs. Towers, turrets and min- arets of wood may be erected to a height not to exceed fifteen feet greater than the foregoing limited height, except that the spires of churches may be erected of wood to a height not exceeding ninety feet from the ground. All footings or bottom stones shall be at least six inches wider on each side than bottom width of foundation walls above, except where the outside of the foundation wall sets on the property line. In which case six inches wider on the Inside shall be sufficient. The thickness of footings shall be not less than eight inches, if of r.tone, and not less than twelve inches if of concrete. Foundations for frame structures shall be laid not less than four feet below the finished surface of the earth or upon the surface where there is rock bottom, or upon piles or ranging timbers where found necessary. The foundation walls of frame structures exceeding fifteen feet in height, if of stone, shall be not less than eighteen inches thick, and if of brick, not less than twelve inches to the grade and eight inches thick to the under side of the sill. If the foundation and first story walls are constructed of brick the foundation walls shall be not less than twelve inches thick to the first tier of beams and eight Inches thick from first tier to second tier of beams; or if these walls are constructed of stone they shall be not less than twenty Inches for the foundation wall and eighteen Inches for the first story wall; Rnd If the walls are faced with stone ashlar the total thick- ness shall be four inches greater than in this section specified. In the foundation walls there may be recesses not more than eight feet long for stairs, with brick walls not less than eight inches thick. All chimneys in frame buildings shall be built of bric-k or stone or other fireproof material. If of brick the flues shall have walls at least eight inches thick, except where flues are lined with burnt-clay pipe, in which case the walls around flues may be four inches thick. All flue linings shall extend at least one foot above the roof boards. Where chimneys are built of stone the walls of the flues shall be not less than eight inches on all sides, and shall be lined with burnt-clay pipe. All chimneys shall be topped out at least four feet above the highest point of con- tact with the roof, and be properly capped. Chimneys in party walls or serv- ing two rooms on the same floor may be built in the walls or partitions; else- where, they shall be built inside of the frame, except in the case of ornamental or exposed chimneys. In no case shall a frame building be erected within three feet of the side or rear line of a lot. un- less the space between the studs on any such side be filled in solidly with not less than two and one-haif inches of brickwork or other fireproof material. When two or more such buildings are built continuous tho party or division studding shall be not less than four inches thick and filled in solidly with brickwork or ether fireproof material ex- tending to the under side of roof boards. When the division walls are of brick they shall be not less than eight Inches thick above the foundation wall and extending to under side of roof boards, and the ends of the floor beams shall be so separated that four inches of brick will be between the beams where they rest on said walls. The sills of all frame dwellings, except where the first floor is used for store or business purposes, shall be not less than two feet above the ground to the under side of same. All frame or wood buildings exceeding a height of fifteen feet shall be built with sills, posts, girts, plates and rafters, all of suitable size and properly framed and braced with suitable studs or planks, set at proper distance apart; but this shall not prohibit the use of balloon-framing. The floor beams and rafters shall be not less than two inches in thickness. The covering of roof may be of shingle. The walls of light, vent and dumb-waiter shafts, whether ex- terior or interior, in frame buildings may be constructed of frame. Posts of locust or other hard wood and wood girders may be used instead of brick fore-and-aft partitions in cellars of frame buildings, and it shall not be necessary to use metal or wire lath for the ceilings ot cellars or lowest floors of any frame building. The cellar stairs In frame build- ings may be placed directly UDder main stairs, and no brick wall shall be neces- sary to inclose the same; nor shall areas be required to be built across the front of frame buildings, except where the cel- lar or basement is used for living pur- poses. The regulations governing plumb- ing. drainage and heating, also steam and hot-air pipes and registers, where same extend through or along stud partitions, shall also apply to frame buildings. Frame buildings may be altered, extended, raised or repaired, provided tho new portions comply with the provisions of this sec- tion. No frame building exceeding three stories in height shall hereafter be erect- or to bo occupied by more than six fami- lies, nor shall any frame building already erected, be altered to be occupied by more than 6ix families, nor more than three stories In height. Outside of the fire limits, when any brick or stone build- ing is to be erected of a class that could, under this code, be constructed of wood, the Commissioner of Buildings having jurisdiction Is hereby authorized and di- rected to allow reasonable modifications of this cod? relating to brick buildings. In consideration of incombustible material being used for walls instead of wood. THE BUILDING CODE. 49 Frame Bnildliurs; Where Streets Are Not Established. Sec. 147. Within portions of The City of New York where streets have not been or are not legally established and are out- side of the prescribed fire limits, no building or structure other than small outhouses shall be erected without first filing plans and a detailed statement of the proposed construction and obtaining an approval therefor, as provided in Sec- tion 4 of this code. Within the said por- tions of The City of New York, hotels, tenement houses for occupancy by not more than six families, and places of public assembly may be built of wood, but shall in all other respects comply with the several provisions of this code relating to such structures; but for all other buildings or structures only so much of the requirements, regulations and restrictions of this code shall apply as in the opinion of the commissioner of building having jurisdiction may be nec- essary for safety and health. The pur- pose of this section is to permit greater freedom in construction and in plumbing and drainage of buildings in the outlying and undeveloped portions of The City of New York than in those portions where a street system has been adopted by the municipality or established by law. PART XXIX. APPEALS AND MODIFICATIONS OF LAW. The Board of Building;*. Bee. 148. Each commissioner of build- ings shall have power, with the approval of the board, to vary or modify any rule or regulation of the board, or the provi- sions of chapter 12 of the Greater New York charter, or of any existing law or ordinance relating to the construction, alteration or removal of any building or structure erected or to be erected within his Jurisdiction, pursuant to the provi- sions of section 650 of the Greater New York Charter. Board of Examiner*. Sec. 149. The board of examiners for the boroughs of Manhattan and the Bronx shall be constituted as prescribed by Sec- tion 649 ot the Greater New York Charter. Each of said examiners shall take the usual oath of office before entering upon his duties. No member of said board shall pass upon any question In which he is pecuniarily interested. The said board shall meet as often as once in each week upon notice from the commissioner of , buildings. The members of said board of exam- iners, and the clerk of said board, shall each be entitled to and shall receive ten dollars for each attendance at a meeting of said board to be paid by the comp- troller from the annual appropriation to be made therefor upon the voucher of the commissioner of buildings for ihe Bor- oughs of Manhattan and the Bronx. PART XXX. \ IOI ATIONN AND PENALTIES. COl RTS HAVING JURISDICTION. Violation* nn«1 Penn 1 i lm. Sec. 150. The owner or owners of any building, structure or part thereof, or wall, or any platform, staging or flooring to be used for standing or seating pur- poses where any violation of this code shall be placed, or shall oxlst. and any architect, builder, plumber, carpenter or mason who may be employed or assist In the commission of any such violation, and any and all persons who shall violate any of the provls-ons of tb in code or fall to comply therewith, or any requirement ! thereof, or who shall violate or fall to comply with, any order or regulation made thereunder, or who shall build In violation ot any detailed atatomon’ of specifications or plana, submit led and ap- proved thereunder, or ef 'iv ccr'Iflcale Or permit Issue - * •* •h'vll ItSV- erallv, for each and every such violation ^nd non-compliance, respectively, forfeit and pay a penalty in the sum of fifty dol- lars. Except that any such person who shall violate any of the provisions of this code, as to the construction of chimneys, fire-places, flues, hot-air pipes and fur- naces, or who shall violate any of the provisions of this code, with reference to the framing or trimming of timbers, girders, beams, or other woodwork in proximity to chimney flues or fire-places, shall forfeit and pay a penalty in the sum of one hundred dollars. But if any said violation shall be removed or be in process of removal within ten days after the service of a notice as hereinafter pre- scribed, the liability of such a penalty shall ceast. and Ihe corporation counsel, on request of the commissioner of build- ings having jurisdiction, shall discontinue any action pending to recover the same, l upon such removal or the completion I thereof within a reasonable time. Any and all of the aforementioned persons who having been served with a notice as hereinafter proscribed, to remove any vio- 1 lation, or comply with any requirement of this code, or with any order or regu- lation made thereunder, shall fail to com- ply with said notice within ten days after such service or shall continue to violate any requirement of this code in the re- spect named in said notice shall pay a penalty of two hundred and fifty dollars. For the recovery of any said penalty or penalties an action may be brought in any municipal court, or court of record, in said city in the name of The City of New York; and whenever any judgment shall be rendered therefor, the same shall be collected and enforced, as prescribed and directed by the code of civil proeed- uie of the state of New York. The com- missioner of buildings having jurisdic- tion, through 'he corporation counsel, is hereby authorized, in his discretion, good and sufficient cause being shown theretor, I to remit any fine or fines, penalty or pen- I altics, which any person or persons may I have incurred, or may hereafter incur, uu- | der any of the provisions of this code, but no fine or penalty shall be remitted for any such violation until the violation shall have been removed. Said remission shall also operate as the remission of the costs obtained in such action. Court* Haring Jurisdiction. Sec. 151. All courts of civil jurisdic- tion in The City of New York shall have cognizance of and Jurisdiction over any and all suits and proceedings by this code authorized to be brought for the recovery of any penalty and tho enforcement of any of the several provisions of this code, and shall give preference to such suits and proceedings over all others, and no court shall lose jurisdiction of any action by reason of a pica that the title to real estate Is involved, provided the object of tho action is to recover a penalty for the violation of any of tho provisions of this code. The corporation counsel is author- ized to Institute any and all actions and proceedings, either legal or equitable that may be appropriate or necessary for tho enforcement of the provisions of this code, and nil civil cou ;ts In said city are here- by Invested with full legal and equitable Jurisdiction to hear, try and determine all surh actions and proceedings, and to make appropriate orders and render Judg- ment therein according to law, so us to give force and effect to tho provisions of this code. Whenever the commissioner of buildings having jurisdiction Is satisfied that any building or structure, or any portion thereof, or any drainage or plumbing, tho erection, construction or alteration, execution or repair of which Is regulated, permitted or forbidden by this code. Is being erected, constructed, altered or repaired, or has been erected, constructed, altered or repaired. In vio- lation of. or not In compliance with any of the provisions or requirements of this code, or In vlolallon of any detailed state- ment of specifications or plans submitted tifieate or permit issued thereunder, or that any provision or requirement of this code, or any order or direction made thereunder has not been complied with, or that plans and specifications for plumbing and drainage have not been sub- mitted or filed as required by this code, the commissioner of buildings having jur- isdiction may in his discretion through the corporation counsel institute any ap- propriate action or proceeding, at law or in equity, to restrain, correct or remove such violation, or the execution of any work thereon, or to restrain or correct the erection or alteration of or to require the removal of. or to prevent the occu- 1 pation or use of, the building or structure erected, constructed or altered, in viola- tion of, or not in compliance with any of { the provisions of this code, or with respect to which the require- ments of this code, or of any order or direction made pursuant to any provisions contained in this code, shall not have been complied with. In any such action or proceeding The City of New York may, in the discretion of the com- missioner of buildings having jurisdic- tion and on his affidavit setting forth the facts, apply to any court of record in said city, or to a judge or justice thereof, for an order enjoining and restraining all persons from doing or causing or permit- ting to be done, any work in or upon such building or structure, or in or upon such part thereof as may be designated in said affidavit, or from occupying or us- ing said building or structure, or such portion thereof as may be designated in said affidavit for any purpose whatever, until the hearing and determination ot said action and the entry of final judg- ment therein. The court or judge or Jus- tice thereof, to whom such application is made, is hereby authorized forthwith to make any or all of the orders above specified, as may be required in such application, with or without notice, and to make such other or further orders or directions as may be necessary to render the same effectual. No officer of said department of buildings, acting in good faith and without malice shall bo liable for damages by reason of anything done in any such action or proceeding. No undertaking shall be required as a condi- tion to the granting or issuing of such injunction order, or by reason thereof. All courts in which any suit or proceed- ing is instituted under this code, shall upon the rendition of a verdict, report of a referee, or decision of a judge or jus- I t.ico, render judgment in accordance therewith; and the said Judgment so ren- dered, shall be and become a lien upon the premises named in the complaint in any surh action, to date from the time of filing in a county clerk's office In Tho City of New York, whero the property af- fected by such action, suit or proceeding. Is lorated. of a notice of lis pendens therein; which lieu may be enforced against said property, in every respect, 1 notwithstanding the same may be trans- ferred subsequent to tho filing of the said notice. Said notice of lis pendens shall consist of n copy of tho notice issued by the commissioner of buildings having Jurisdiction requiring the removal of tho violation and a rotlcc of the sm* or pro- I ceedlngs Instituted, or to be instituted thereon, and said notice of lis pendens may be filed at any time after tho sorv- i Ice of the notice Issued by the commis- sioner of buildings ns aforesaid, provided j ho may deem the same to be necessary. 1 or Is 891.1*0**1 Mint the owner >f lha property Ik about to transfer the ima to avoid responsibility for having violated the provisions of litis code or some one of Its provision*. Any notice of lis pendens filed pursuant to the provisions of this code, may be vacated and canceled of record; upon nn order of a Judge or Jus- tice of the court In which such suit or proceeding was instituted or Is pending, or upon (ho conifcnt in writing of tho corporation counsel, and the clerk of tho j said county where such notice Is filed. Is hereby directed and required to mark - I , ■ fl'ieii nolle*- of i|* peDd*n" I any 50 BUILDING AND HEALTH LAWS AFFECTING THE CITY OF NEW YORK. record or docket thereof as vacated and canceled of record, upon the presentation and filing of a certified copy of an order a* aforesaid or of the consent, in writ- ing. of said corporation counsel. In no case shall the said department of build- ings, or any officer thereof, or the cor- poration of The City of New York, or any defendant, be liable for costs in any ac- tion, suit or proceedings that may have been, or may hereafter be, instituted or commenced in pursuance of ihis code, un- less specially ordered and allowed against any defendant or defendants by a court or justice, in the course of such action, suit or proceeding. Notice of Violations of Code; Service of Papers, Sec. 152. All notices of the violation of any of the provisions of this code, and all notices directing anything to be done, required by this code, and all other no- tices that may be required or authorized to be issued thereunder, including notice that any building, structure, premises, or any part thereof, are deemed unsafe or dangerous, shall be issued by the com- missioner of buildings having jurisdic- tion, and shall have his name affixed thereto, and may be served by any officer or employe of the department of build- ings or by any person authorized by the said department. All such notices, and any notice or order issued by any court in any proceeding instituted pursuant to this code to restrain or remove any vio- lation, or to enforce compliance with any provision or requirement of this code, may be served by delivering to and leaving a copy of the same with any person or persons violating, or who may be liable under any of the several provisions of thus code, or to whom the same may be addressed, and if such per- son or persons cannot be found after diligent search shall have been made for him or them, then such notice or order may be served by posting the same in a conspicuous place upon the premises where such violation is alleged to have j been placed or to exist, or to which such notice or order may refer, or which may be deemed unsafe or dangerous, which shall be equivalent to a personal service of said notice or order upon all parties for whom such search shall have been made. Such notice or order shall con- tain a description of the building, prem- ises or property on which such violation shall have been put or may exist, or which may he deemed unsafe or danger- ous, or to which such notice or order may refer. If the person or persons or *ny of them, to whom said notice or or- der is addressed, do not reside in the Ftate of New York, and have no known place of business therein, the same may be served by delivering to and leaving with such person or persons, or either of them, a copy of said notice or order, nr if said person or persons cannot be found within said state after diligent search, then by posting a copy of the same in manner as aforesaid and depos- iting a copy thereof in a post office in The City of Now York, inclosed in a sealed wrapper addressed to said person or per- sons at his or their last known place of residence, with the postage paid thereon; and said posting and mailing of a copy of said notice or order shall be equiva- lent to personal service of said notice or order. PART XXXI. INSAFE BUILDINGS. SURVEYS, COURT PROCEEDINGS. Unsafe Rnllilinga. Sec. 153. Any building or buildings, part or parts of a building, staging or other structure in The City of New lork. that from any cause may now be, or shall at any time hereafter become dan- gerous or unsafe, may be takpu down and removed, or made sate and secure, in the manner following: Immediately upon such unsafe or dangerous building or buildings, or part or parts of a build- ing, staging or structure being so re- ported by any of the officers of said de- partment of buildings, the same shall be immediately entered upon a docket of un- safe buildings to be kept by the commis- sioner of buildings having jurisdiction; and the owner, or some one of the own- ers, executors, administrators, agents, lessees or any other person or persons who may have a vested or contingent in- terest in the'same, may be served with a printed or written notice containing a de- scription of the premises or structure deemed unsafe or dangerous, requiring the same to be made safe and secure, or removed,, as the sac- may be deemed necessary by the commissioner of build- ings having jurisdiction, which said no- tice shall require the person or persons thus served to immediately certify to the said commissioner his or their assent or refusal to secure or remove the same. Surveys on Unsafe Building.!. Sec. 151. — If the person or persons so served with notice shall immediately cer- tify his or their assent to the securing or removal of said unsafe or dangerous building, premises or structure, he or they shall be allowed until one o’clock p.JI. of the day following the service of such notice, in which to commence the securing or removal of the same; and he or they shall employ sufficient labor and assistance to secure or remove the same as expeditiously as the same can be done; hut upon his or their refusal or neglect to comply with any of the re- j quirements of said notice so served a further notice shall be served upon the person or persons heretofore named, and in the manner heretofore prescribed, no- tifying him or them that a survey of the premises named in the said notice will be made at the time and place therein named, which time may not be less than twenty-four hours nor more than three days from the time of the service of said notice, by three competent persons, one of whom shall be the commissioner of buildings, having jurisdiction, or a su- perintendent of buildings, or an inspec- tor, designated in writing by said com- missioner, another of whom shall be an architect, appointed by the New York Chapter of the American Institute of Architects for the Boroughs of Manhat- tan, The Bronx and Richmond, and by the’ Brooklyn Chapter of the American Institute of Architects for the Boroughs of Brooklyn and Queens, depending upon the borough or boroughs in which the property is located, another of whom shall be appointed by the person or per- sons thus notified, and who shall he a practical builder or architect, upon whose neglect or refusal to appoint such surveyor, however, the said other two surveyors may make such survey; and in ease of a disagreement of the latter, they shall appoint a third person to take part in such survey, who shall also be a practical builder or architect of at least ten years’ practice, and the decision of the said surveyor shall be final; and that in case the said premises shall be re- ported unsafe or dangerous under such survey, the said report will be placed before a court therein named, having ju- risdiction to the extent of $1,000, and that a trial upon the allegations and state- ments contained in said report, be the report of said surveyors more or less than is contained in the said notice of survey, will be had before said court, at a time and place therein named, to de- termine whether said unsafe or danger- ous building or premises shall be re- paired and secured or taken down and removed; and a report of such survey, re- duced to writing, shall constitute the issue to be placed before the court for trial. A copy of said report of survey shall be posted on the building by the persons holding the survey, immediately on their signing the samp. The archi- tect appointed by the chapters of tho American Institute of Architects as here- inbefore provided, who may act ou any survey called in accordance with the pro- visions of this code, shall be entitled to, and receive the sum of twenty-five dol- lar*, to be paid by the comptroller upon the voucher of the board of buildings. And a cause of action is hereby created for the benefit of The City of New York against the owner or owners of said building, staging or structure, and of the lot or parcel of laDd on which the same is situated, for the amount so paid with interest, which shall he prosecuted in the name of The City of New York, by the corporation counsel. The amount so col- lected shall be paid over to the comp- troller in reimbursement cf the amounts paid by him as aforesaid. Conrt Proceedings. ’W * Sec. 155. Whenever the report of any such survey, had as aforesaid, shall recite that the building, premises or structure thus surveyed is unsafe or dangerous, the corporation counsel of The City of New York shall at the time in the said notice named, place said notice and report be- fore the judge or justice holding a special term of the court, in the said notice named, which said judge or justice shall immediately proceed to obtain and im- panel a jury, aud to the trial of said issue before said jury, whose verdict shad be conclusive and final, and shall try sain issue without adjournment, except as may be necessary from day to day, giving precedence to the trial of this issue over every other business, and said judge or justice shall have power to impanel a jury, for that purpose from any jurors in attendance upon said court, or in case sufficient, jurors shall not be in at- tendance. then from any jurors (hat may be summoned for that purpose; and said judge or justice shall have power to summon jurors for that purpose; and any such suit or proceeding commenced be- fore a judge or justice may be continued before another judge or justice of the same court; a jury trial may be waived by the default of the defendant or de- fendants to appear at the time and place named in the said notice, or by agree- ment, and in such case the trial may be by court, judge, justice, or referee, whose report or decision in the matter shall be final; and upon the rendition of a verdict or decision of the court, judge, justice, or referee, if the said verdict or decision shall find the said building, premises or structure to be unsafe or dangerous, the judge or justice trying said cause, or to whom the report of the referee trying said cause shall be presented, shall im- mediately issue a precept out of said court, directed to the commissioner of buildings, having jurisdiction, reciting said verdict or decision, and commanding him forthwith to repair and secure or tako down or remove, as the case may be. in accordance with said verdict o” decision, said unsafe or dangerous build- ing, buildings, part or parts thereof, staging, structure or other premises that shall have been named in the said report : and said commissioner of buildings shall immediately thereupon proceed to execute said precept as therein directed, and may employ such labor and assistance and furnish such materials as may bo neces- sary for that, purpose, and after having done so. said commissioner of building* shall make return of said precept, with 1 an indorsement of the action thereunder and the cost and expenses thereby iu- i eurrred, to the judge or justice then hold- ing the said special term of the said court, and thereupon said Judge or justice shall tax and aljust the amount indorsed I upon said precept, and shall adjust and allow disbursements of said proceeding, together with the preliminary expenses ' of searches and surveys, which shall be inserted in the judgment in #aid action or proceeding, and shall render judgment for such amount, r.nd for the tale of the said premises in the sa d notice named, together with all the righ'. title and interest that the person or per- sons, or either of them, named in the said notice had in the lot. ground or land upon which the sRid building or struc- ture was pla:ed, at the time of the filing of a notice of lis pendens In the said proceedings, or at the time of the en- I t r v of judgment therein to satisfy the ! I the building code. 5i same, which shall be in the same man* ner and with like effect as sales under judgment in foreclosure of mortgages; and in and about all preliminary pro- ceedings, as well as the carrying into effect any order of the court or any pre- cept issued by any court, said commis- sioner of buildings may make requisition upon the comptroller of The City of New York for such amount or amounts of money as shall be necessary to meet the expenses thereof: and upon the same being approved by any judge or justice of the court from which the said order or precept was issued and presented to said omptroller, he shall pay the same, and for that purpose shall borrow and raise, upon revenue bonds, to be issued as pro- vided in section one hundred and eighty- eight of the Greater New York Charter, the several amounts that may from time to time be required, whicn shall be reimbursed by the payment of the amount and interest at six per cent, out of the judgment or judgments ob- tained as aforesaid, if the same shall be collected. In case said issue, shall not he tried at the time specified In said no- tice. or to which the trial may be ad- journed, the same may be brought lo trial at any time thereafter by the said commissioner of buildings, without a new survey, upon not less than three days’ notice of trial to the person or persons upon whom the original notice was served, or to his or their attorney, which notice of trial may be served in ihe same manner as said original notice. The notice of lis pendens provided for in this section shall consist of a copy of said notice of survey, and shall be died iu ihe office of a county clerk in The City of New York, in the county where the property affected by such action, suit or proceeding is located. Provided, neverthe- less. that immediately upon the issuing of said precept, the owner or owners of said building, staging or structure, or premises, or any party interested therein, upon application to the com- missioner of buildings, shall be allowed to perform the requirements of said pre- cept at his or their own proper cost and expense, provided the same shall be done immediately and in accordance with • the requirements of said precept, upon the payment of all costs and expenses in- curred up to that time, and provided, further, that the commissioner of build- ings having jurisdiction shall have au- thority to modify the requirements of said precept upon application to him therefor. In writing, by the owner or owners of said building, staging or structure, or his nr their representative when he shall be satisfied that such change shall secure equally well the safety of said building, staging or struc- ture. Application for Order to Remove Violation* and to \acate Hnlld- I nga. fi*c. 156. In rase any noire or di- rection authorized to be issued by this coda I* not compiled with within the time designated in said notice. The City of New York by the corporation coun- sel may, at. the request of the commis- sioner of buildings having Jurisdiction, appl 7 to the supreme court of New York, St a special term theroof. for an order directing said commissioner to proceed to make the alterations or remove the vio- lation or violations, as the ssmr msy be specified In said notice or direction. Whenever any notice or direction so au- thorized, shall have been served as di- rected In this code, and the same shall not havr been complied with within the time designated therein, the .orporstlcn counsel may at the request of the com- missioner of buildings hiving Jurisdiction, in addition to. or In ll*u of the remedy • last above provided, apply to the supreme I i ourf. of New York, at » speiial term t thereof, for an order directing the said I i ommisaioner to vacate such building or premises. or so mii< h thereof as said commissioner may deem necessary, and prohibiting the same to b» useo or r u- pled for any purpose speciflcd in said or- der until such notice shall have been complied with. The expenses and dis- bursement. incurred in the carrying out of any said order or orders, shall become a lien upon said building or premises named in the said notice, from the time of filing of a copy of the said notice, with a notice of the pendency of the ac- tion or proceeding as provided in this code, taken thereunder, in the office of the clerk of the county where the prop- erty affected by such action, suit or pro- ceeding is located: and the said su- preme court, or a judge or justice there- of, to whom application shall be made, is hereby authorized and directed to | grant any of the orders above named, and to take such proceedings as shall be necessary to make the same effectual. ! and any said judge or justice to whom application shall be made is hereby au- thorized and directed to enforce such lien in accordance with the mechanics lien laws applicable to The City of New York: and in case any of the notices herein mentioned shall be served upon any lessee or party in possession of the building or premises therein described, it shall be the duty of the person upon whom such service is made to give immediate notice to the owner or agent of said building named in the notice, if the same shall be known to the said person personally, if such person shall be within the lim- its of The City of New York, and his resi- dence known to such person, and if not within said city, then by depositing a copy of said notice in any post office in The City of New York, properly inclosed and addressed to such owner or agent, at. | his then place of residence, if known, and by paying the postage thereon: and ( in case any lessee or party in possession shall neglect or refuse to give such no- tice as herein provided, he shall be per- I sonally liable to the owner or owners of said building or premises for all dam- ages he or they shall sustain by rea- son thereof. * ' PART XXXII. RECOVERY OF BODIES I MIKIl FALLEN BUILDINGS. Sec. 157. In case of the falling of any building or part thereof in The City of New York, where persons are known or believed to be buried under the ruins thereof, it shall be the duty of the fire department to cause an examination of the premises to be made for the recovery of the bodies of the killed aod injured. Whenever, in making such examination, it shall be necessary to remove from the premises any debris, it shall bo the duty of the r omtnissioners of the department 'if docks, of the department of parks, of the department of highways, and of the de- partment of street cleaning, when called upon by the department of buildings to co-operate, to provide a suitable and con- venient dumping place for the deposit of such debris. In cane there shall be in the opinion of the department, of build- ings. actual and Immodlate danger of the falling of any building or part thereof so aa to endanger life or property, said de- partment shall eauae the necessary work to he done to render aald building or part thereof temporarily safe until the proper proceedings can bo taken aa in the case j of an unsafe building as provided for In this code. The department of buildings Is hereby a ut ho r I zed snd empowered In | such cases, and also where any building 1 or part thereof has fallen, and life Is ' endangered hy the occupation thereof, to ; ord»r and require the Inmates and occu- pants of suii , i i «h»tl be kept by tha comptroller of ih» niuuevs paid to blrn by each com- • m.ssicuer. and uu such moneys shall be 52 BUILDING VND HEALTH LAWS AFFECTING THE CITY OF NEW YORK. paid for such purposes to any of said commissioners except from die account of the funds received from h,m. PART XXXIV. SEAL. OFFICERS OF DEPARTMENT MAY ENTER BUILDINGS. Seal. Sec. 159. The board of buildings may mdopt a seal and direct its use in the department of buildiugs. Officer* of Department May Enter Building;*. Sec. 160. All the officials of the depart- ment of buildings, so far as it may be , necessary for the performance of their respective duties, have the right io enter any building or premises in said city, upon showing their badge of office. PART XXXV. EXISTING SUITS AND LIABILITIES. INVALIDITY OF' ONE SECTION NOT TO INVALIDATE ANY OTHER. Existing; Snlts and Liabilities. Sec. 161. Nothing in this code con- tained shall be construed to affect any suit or proceeding now pending in any court, or any rights acquired, or liability incurred, nor any cause or causes of ac- tion accrued or existing, under any act or ordinance repealed hereby. Nor shall any right or remedy of any character be lost, impaired or affected by this code. Invalidity of One Section Not to In- validate Any Otlier. Sec. 162. The invalidity of any section or provision of this code shall not in- validate any other section or provision thereof. PART XXXVI. ORDINANCES REPEALED. DATE WHEN ORDINANCE TAKES EFFECT. Repealing Section. Sec. 163. All ordinances of the former municipal and public corporations con- solidated into The City of New York affecting or relating to the construction, alteration or removal of buildings or other ! structures, and all other ordinances or parts thereof inconsistent herewith aro hereby repealed. Date When Ordinance is to Take Effect. Sec. 164. This ordinance shall take effect sixty days after its approval by the mayor. Rules and Regulations for Plumbing, Drainage, Water Supply and Ventilation of Buildings. NOTE — Matter underlined applie* to i Brooklyn, bnt not to Munhatlan. Matter in brocket* applies to Man- hattan, hut not to Brooklyn. Unless otherwise Indicated, regulations ap- ply lo botli Brooklyn and Manliat- tu ii . FILINGS OF DRAWINGS. DESCRIP AVON'S, ETC. 1. Drawings and triplicate descrip- tions, on forms furnished by the bureau of buildings for all plumbing and drain- age, shall be filled in with ink and filed by the owner or architect in the said bureau. The plans must be drawn to scale in. ink, on cloth, or they must be cloth prints of such scale drawings, and shall consist of such floor plaus and sec- tions as may be necessary to show clear- ly all plumbing work to be done, and must show partitions and method of ven- tilating water closet apartments. 2. The said plumbing and drainage • hall not be commenced or proceeded with until said drawings and descriptions shall have been so filed and approved by the superintendent of buildings. 3. No modification of the approved drawings and descriptions will be per- mitted unless either amended drawings and triplicate descriptions or an amend- ment to the original drawtngs and de- scriptions. covering the proposed change or changes, are so filed and approved by the superintendent of buildings. 4. The drainage and plumbing of all ! buildings, both public and private, shall j be executed in accordance with the rules • nd regulations of the bureau of build- ings. 5. Repairs or alterations of plumbing or drainage may be made without filing drawings and descriptions in the bureau of buildings, but such repairs or altera- tions shall not be construed to include ! cases where new vertical or horizontal 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 lines of soil, waste, vent or leader pipes ! are proposed to be used. 6. Notice of such repairs or alterations shall be given to the said bureau before the same are commenced in such cases as shall be prescribed by the rules and regu- j lations of the said bureau, and the work shall be done In accordance with the said rules and regulations. 7. Where repairs or alterations or- dered by the board of health for sanitary : reasons include cases where new vertical I and horizontal lines of soil, waste, vent or leader pipes are proposed to be used or old ones replaced, drawings and de- scriptions must be filed with and ap- proved by the superintendent of build- ings before the same shall he commenced or proceeded with. 8. Repairs and alterations may comply in all respects with the weight, quality, arrangement and venting of the rest of the work in the building. 9. It shall not be lawful to commence work on said plumbing and drainage or on any part thereof until the plumber who is to do the work shall sign the speci- fications and make affidavit that he is duly authorized to proceed with the work. Affidavit must give the name and address of owner and plumber, etc. 10. One set of spe .ideations will be re- ceived for not more than ten houses, and then only when on adjoining lots and houses are exactly alike. 11. Written notices must be given to the superintendent of buildings by the plumber when any work is begun, and from time lo time when any work is ready for inspection. All notices re- quired must be sent in on blank forms furnished by the bureau of buildings. II. DEFINITION OF TERMS. 12. The term “private sewer” is ap- plied to main sewers that are not con- structed by and under the supervision of the bureau of sewers. 13. The term "house sewer” is applied to that part of the main drain or sewer extending from a point two feet outside of the outer wall of the building, vault or area, to its connection with public sewer, private sewer or cesspool. 14. The term “house drain” is applied to that part of the main horizontal drain and its branches inside the walls of the building, vault or area, and extending to and connecting with the house sewer. 15. The term “soil-pipe” is applied to any vertical line of pipe extending through roof, receiving the discharge of one or more water-closets, with or with- out other fixtures. 16. Tne term "waste-pipe" is applied to any pipe, extending through roof, re- ceiving the discharge from any fixture* except water-closets. 17. The term "vent-pipe” Is applied to any special pipe provided to ventilate the system of piping and to prevent trap sl- phonage and back pressure. III. MATERIALS AND WORKMANSHIP. 18. All materials must be of the best quality, free from defects, and all work | must be executed in a thorough, work- j manlike way. 19. All cast-iron pipes and fittings j must be uncoated, sound, cylindrical and j smooth, free from cracks, sand holes and other defects, and of uniform thickness I and of the grade known in commerce as "extra heavy.” 20. Pipe, including the hub, shall weigh not less th’an the following aver- age weights per linear foot: Weights per Diameters. linear foot. 2 inches 5>4 pounds 3 inches gi£ 4 inches 13 •• 5 inches 17 •« G inches 20 ” 7 inches 27 ” S inches 33i£ iO inches 45 “ •• 12 inches 54 •• 21. The size, weight and maker’s name must be cast on each length of the pipe. 22. All joints must be made with picked oakum and molten lead and be made gas- tight. Twelve (12) ounces of fine, soft pig lead must be used at each joint for each inch in the diameter of the pipe. 23. All wrought-iron and steel pipes j must be equal in quality to "standard.” and must be properly tested by the manu- jfacturcr. All pipe must be lap-welded. [No plain black or uncoated pipe will be | permitted. 24. Wrought-iron and steel pipes must be galvanized, and each length must have the weight and maker's name stamped on it. 25. Fittings for vent-pipes on wrought- iron and steel DiDes may be the ordinary cast or maileablc steam and water fit- ting?. 26. Fittings for waste or soil and re- J frigerator waste-pipes must be the special j extra heavy cast-iicn recessed and I threaded drainage fittings with smooth ' interior waterway and threads tapped, so as to give a uniform grade to branch -s 1 of not less than ouc-fonrth of an inch per foot All fittings f ir wrought-iron or steel pipes must be galvanized. 27. All joints to bo screwed Joints made up with red lead, and the burr formed in cutting must be cnrefully reamed out. 28. Short nipples on wrought-iron or J sUel pipe, where the unthreaded part of I the pipe Is less tnnn one and one-half I inches long, must bo of the thickness anil THE BUILDING CODE. 59 weight known as “extra heavy” or “ex- tra strong.” 29. The pipe shall i.ot be less than the following average thickness and weight per linear foot. Diameters. I'i inches .. 2 Inches .... Hi inches .. r. Inches Z‘ 2 Inches .. 4 Inches 4>. Inches .. 5 inches . .. 6 Inches .... T Inches 8 Inches 9 Inches ID Inches 11 Inches ... 12 Inches . . . Thick- Weights for nesses linear f»*»t (irclies). (pounds). .14 i.6S .15 3 61 .20 5 74 .21 ?.M 9.00 .23 10.66 .24 12.34 14. V -2S 19.16 .30 23 27 .32 29. .8 .34 33.70 .36 4u 06 .37 j *i r »2 48 30. All brass pipes for soil, waste and vent pipes and solder nipples must be [ thoroughly annealed, seamless. drawu bras.s tubing, of standard iron-pipe gauge. 31. Connections on brass pipe and be- tween brass pipe and traps on iron pipe must not be made up with slip joints or couplings. Threaded connections on brass pipe must be of the same size as iron- pipe threads for same size of pipe, and be tapered. 32. The following average thicknesses and weights per linear foot will be re- quired: Weights uer Diameter*. Thicknesses. linear foot ]u Inches 14 Inches 2.84 pounds j ' Inches 13 Inches 3.82 pounds 31.. inches 20 Inches 8.08 pounds 3 ■ Inches 21 Inches 7.92 pounds !' . Inches 22 Inches 9 34 pounds 4 " Inches 23 Inches 11 29 pounds 4>~ Inches 24 Inches 13.08 pounds 0 " Inches 23 Inches 13 37 pounds * inches 2S Inches 19 88 pounds 33. Brass ferrules must be best quality. bell-shaped, extra heavy cast brass, not j less than four inches long and two and ( one-quarter, three and one-half inches, and four and one-half inches in diameter, and not less than the following weights: I Diameters. r Weights. » ( ;c 4 Inches 1 pound u ounces Sl. ln*he» 1 pound 12 ounce* • 4« r Inches 2 pMUndc 8 ounce* | 34. One and one half Inch ferrules are j not permitted. 35. Soldering nipples must be heavy cast brass or of orass pipe, iron pipe size. When cast they must not be less than the following weights: Diameters. , Weights. , 1' 3 Inches 0 pounds 8 ounces : 2 Inches 9 pound* 14 ounces tti Inches 1 pound 6 ounces t " In' hes S pounds 0 4 Inches 8 pounds 8 ounces 3C. Brass screw caps for cleanouts must be extra heavy, not less than one-eighth of an Inch thick. The screw cap must have a iolld square or hexagonal nut. not i less than one Inch high, with a least diameter of one and one-half Inches. The body of the cleanout ferrule must be at least equal in weight and thickness to the calking ferrule for the same size of pipe. 37. Where cleanouts ar e required by rules and by the approved plans, fh<- screw cap must be of brass The engag- ing parts must have not less than six threads of Iron pipe size and be tapered. Cleanouts must be of full size of trap up to four Inches In diameter, and nut less than four Inches for larger traps. 38. The use of lead pipes Is restricted to the short Lrunches of the soil and waste pipes, bends and traps, and roof connections of Inside leaders. “Short branches" of lead pipe to be construed to mean not more than: 5 feet of 1V4 Inch pipe. 4 feet of 2 Inch pipe. 2 feet of 3-tnch pipe. 2 feet of 4-lnch pipe. 39. All connections between lead pipes and between brass or copper pipes must be made by means of wiped soldered Joints, and all floor flanges of all sani- tary fixtures and all connections between said fixtures and waste or soil pipes, where said connections are on outlet or sewer side of trap, shall be made with strong and carefully prepared red lead putty. 40. All lead waste soil, vent and flush pipes must be of the best quality, known in commerce as “D,” and of not less than the following weights per linear foot: Weights per linear foot- Hi Inches (for flush pipes only) 2>A pounds R4 Inches 3 pounds 2 Inches 4 pounds 3 inches 6 pounds 4 and 4H inches 8 pounds 41. All lead traps and bends must be of the same weight and thickness as their corresponding pipe branches. Sheet le..d for roof flashings must be six-pound lead and must extend not less than six inches from the pipe and the Joint made water- tight. 42. Copper tubing when used for inside leader roof connections must be seam- less drawn tubing, not less than 22-gauge, and when used for roof flashings must not be less than 18-gauge. IV. CK\ MR A I, REGULATIONS. 43. The entire plumbing and drainage system of each building must be entire- ly separate and independent of that of any other building. 44. Each building must be separately and Independently connected with a pub- lic or private sewer, or cesspool. 45. Every building must have its sewer connections directly in front of the build- ing, unless permission is otherwise grant- ed by the superintendent of buildings. 46. Where there is no sewer in the street or avenue, and it is possible to construct a private sewer to connect in an adjacent street or avenue, a private sewer must be constructed. It must be laid outside the curb, under the road- way of the street. 47. Cesspools and privy-vaults will be permitted only after it has been shown to the satisfaction of the superintendent of buildings that their use is absolutely necessary. 48. When allowed, they must be con- structed strictly in accordance with the terms of the permit issued by the super- intendent of buildings. 49. Cesspools must not be used as privy- vaults. Cesspools and privy- vaults must be at least twenty-five feet from any building and should be on the same lot with the building for which its use Is Intended. Cesspools and privy- vaults, when constructed of brick, must be eight Inches thick; of stone, twenty inches thick. 50. All cesspools and privy-vaults must be made water-tight. 51. As soon as It Is possible to con- nect with a public sewer the owner must have the cesspool and privy-vault emptied, cleaned and disinfected and Ailed with fresh earth, and have a sewer con- nection made in the manner herewith prescribed. 52. All pipe lines must be supported at the base on brick piers or by heavy Iron hangers from the cellar-ceiling beans, and along the line by heavy Iron hang- ers at intervals of not mure than ten feet. 53. All pipes Issuing from extension or elsewhere, which would otherwise open within thirty feet of the window of any building, must be extended above the highest roof and well away and above all windows. 64. The arrangement of all pipes must j be as siralght and dlroet as possible. Offsets will bo permitted only when un- avoidable. 66. All pipes and traps should, where possible, be exposed lo view They should always hn readily accessible for Inspection and repairing. 56. In every building where there Is a leader connected to the drain. If ther" are nny plumbing fixtures, there must he at least one four (4) Inch pipe ex- tending above the roof for vcnlllatlon. V. YARD, AREA AND OTHER DRAINS, 57. All yards, areas aud courts must be drained. 5S. Lodging houses must have their j yards, areas and courts drained into ths sewer. 59. These drains, when sewer connec- ted. must have connections not less than three inches in diameter. They should be controlled by one trap— the leader trap if possible. 60. Cellar drains will be permitted only where they can be connected to a trap with a permanent tvater seal. 61. Subsoil drains should discharge in- to a sump or receiving tank, the con- tents of which must be lifted and dis- charged into the drainage system above the cellar bottom by some approved method. Where directly sewer connected they most be cut off from the real of the plumbing system by a brass w valve on the inlet to the catch-basin, ac.4 the trap on the drain from the catch- basin must be water supplied, as re- quired for cellar drains. 62. Floor or other drains will only be permitted when it can be shown to the satisfaction of the superintendent of buildings that their use is absolutely necessary and arrangements made te maintain a permanent water seal in the traps. VI. LEADERS. 63. All buildings shall be kept provided with proper metallic leaders for conduct- ing water from the roofs in such manner as shall protect the walls and founda- tions of said buildings from injury. In no case shall the water from said lead- ers be allowed to flow upon the sidewalk, but the same shall be conducted by pipe or pipes to the sewer, if there be uo sewer in the street upon which such buildings front, then the water from said leader shall be conducted by proper pipe or pipes below the surface of the side- walk to the street gutter. 64. Inside leaders must be made of cast iron, wrought iron or steel, with roof connections made gas and water tight by means of a heavy lead or cop- per-drawn tubing wiped or soldered to a brass ferrule or uipple calked or screwed into the pipe. 65. Outside leaders may be of sheet metal, but they must connect with the j house-drain by means of a cast Iron pipe I extending vertically five feet above grad* i level. 66. Leaders must be trapped with cast Iron running traps so placed as to pre- vent freezing. 67. Kaln water leaders must not be used as soil, waste or vent pipes, nor shall any such pipe be used us a leader. VII. THE IIOl SE SEWER, HOI SE DRA1 V, IIOI »I0 TRAP AND FRESH-AIR INLET. 68. Old house sewers cun be used in comic* lion with the new buildings or new plumping only when they are found, on exnmlnatlon by the plumbing Inspector, to conform In ail respects to the require- ments governing new sewers. 69. When a proper foundation, consist- ing of a natural bed of earth, rock, etc., can be obtained, the house sewer cau be of earthenware pipe. 70. Where tho ground Is made or filled In. or where the pipes are legs lhan three feet deep, or In any case where there Is danger of settlement by frost or from any cause, and when cess- pools are used, the house sewer must be >f extra heavy cast-iron pipe, with lead- sliced Joints. 71. The house drain and Its branchos must be of extra heavy east-iron, whea underground, and of extra heavy cast- 54 «9*5 * AtjJAdW BUILDING AND HEALTH LAWS AFFECTING THE CITY OF NEW YORK. Iron or galvanized wrought-iron or aieel when above ground. 72. The house drain must properly connect with the house sewer at a point two feet outside of the outer front vault or area wall of the building. An arched or other proper opening must be pro- vided for the drain in the wall to pre- vent damage by settlement. 73. If possible, the house drain must be above the cellar floor. The house drain must be supported at intervals of ten feet by eight-inch brick piers or sus- pended from the floor beams, or be other- wise properly supported by heavy iron pipe hangers at intervals of not more than ten feet. The use of pipe hooks for sup- porting pipe drains is prohibited. 74. No steam-exhaust, boiler blow-off or drip pipe shall be connected with the house drain or sewer. Such pipes must first discharge into a proper condensing tank, and from this a proper outlet to the house sewer outside of the building must be provided. In low pressure steam sys- tems the condensing tank may be omitted, but the waste connection must be otherwise as above required. 75. The house drain and house sewer must be run as direct as possible, with a fall of at least one-quarter inch per foot, all changes in direction made with prop- er fittings, and all connections made with Y branches and one-eighth and one-six- teenth bends. 76. The house sewer and house drain must be at least fou* inches in diameter t where water-closets discharge into them. Where rain water discharges iuto them the house sewer and house drain up to the leader connections must be in ac- cordance with the following table: s 7 8 S Diameters. inches Inches ... Inches ... Inches ... Fall Fall U-in. per ft. (sq (sq. ft.) 5,00ft t!.90i) 9,100 11,600 ti-in. per ft. . "ft. drainage of area). 7.500 10.300 13,600 17,400 77. Full size Y and T branch fittings for handhole cleanouts must be provided where required on house drain and its branches. 78. An iron running trap must be placed on the house drain near the wall of the house, and on the sewer side of all con- nections, except a drip-pipe where one is used. If placed outside the house or below the cellar floor, it must be made accessible in a brick manhole, the walls! of which must be eight inches thick, with an iron or flagstone cover. When outside the house it must never be less than three ! feet below the surface of the ground. I T'he house trap must have two cleanouts' with brass screw cap ferrules calked in. i 79. A fresh air inlet must extend to the outer air, and open into the side of a box not less than eighteen inches squire, jlaced below the sidewalk at the curb. The bottom of the box must be eighteen inches below the under side of the fresh air inlet pipe. The box may be of cast iron or it may be constructed with eight- i Inch walls of brie., or flagstone laid in hydraulic cement. The box must be cov- ered by a flagstone fitted with removable j metal grating, leaded into the stone, hav- ing openings equal in area to the area of j 'he fresh air inlet, and not less than one- half inch in their least dimension. The fresh air inlet must be of the same size as the drain up to four inches; for five-inch and six-inch drain it must not be less than four inches in diameter; for seven- inch an^ eight-inch drains not less than six inches in diameter, and for larger drains not less than eight inches in di- ameter. the removable portion of grate to be at least eight by twelve inches in j area. ,, > * . * VIII. SOU. AND WASTE PIPES. 80. All main, soil, waste or vent pipes must be of iron, steel or brass. 81. When they receive the discharge of fixtures on any floor above the first, they must he extended in full •■nl'hei' at ien®r one foot above the roof coping, and well away from all shafts, chimneys, windows or other ventilating openings. When less than four inches In diameter, they must be enlarged to four inches at a point not less than one foot below the roof surface by an increaser not less than nine (9) inches long. 82. No caps, cowls or bends shall be affixed to the top of such pipe. 83. In lodging-houses wire baskets must be securely fastened into the open- ing of each pipe that is in an accessible position. 84. Necessary offsets above the highest fixture branch must not be made at an angle of less than 45 degrees to the horizontal. 85. Soil and waste pipes must have proper Y branches for all fixture connec- tions. 86. No connection to lead branches for water-closets or slop sinks will be per- mitted, except the required branch vent. 87 Branch soil and waste pipe must have a fall of at least one -quarter inch per foot. 88. Short TY branches will be premitted on vertical lines only. Long one-quarter bends and long TYs are permitted. Short one-quarter bends and double hubs, short roof increasers and common offsets, and bands and saddles are prohibited. 89. The diameters of soil and waste pipes must not be less than those given in the following tables; Inches. Main soil pipes 4 Main soil pipes for water closets on five or more floors 5 Branch soil pipes 4 Main waste pipes 2 Main waste pipes for kitchen sinks on five or more floors 3 Branch waste pipes for laundry tubs 1’* When set in ranges of three or more 2 Branch waste for kitchen sinks 2 Branch waste for urinals 2 Branch uste for other fixtures.. 1’i IX. \ EXT- PIPES. 90. All traps must be protected from syphonage and back pressure, and the drainage system ventilated by special lines of vent-pipes. 91. All vent-pipe lines and main branches must be of iron, steel or brass. They must be increased in diameter and extended above tlie roof as required for waste-pipes. They may be connected with the adjoining soil or waste line well above the highest fixture, but this will not be permitted when there are fixtures on more than six floors. 92. All offsets must be made at an angle of not less than forty-five degrees to the horizontal, and all lines must be con- nected at the bottom with soil or waste- pipe or the drain in such a manner as to prevent the accumulation of rust seals. 9". Branch vent-pipes should be kept above the top of all connecting fixtures, to prevent the use of vent-pipes as soil or waste-pipes. Braneh*vent-pipes should be connected as near to the crown of the trap as possible. 94. Earthenware traps for water-closets and slop sinks must be ventilated from the branch soil or waste-pipe just below the trap, and this branch vent-pine must be so connected as to prevent obstruction, and no waste-pipe connected between it and the fixture. Earthenware tr-ps nuts, have no vent-horns. 95. No sheet metal, brick or other flue shall be used as a vent-pipe. 96. The sizes of vent-pipes throughout must not be less than the following: For main vents and long branches, two inches in diameter; for water-closets on three or more floors, three inches in di- ameter; for other fixtures on less than seven floors, two inches in diameter; three-inch vent-pipe will be permitted for less than nine stories, for more than eight and less than sixteen stories, four inches in diameter; for more than fifteen and less than twenty-two stories, five Inches in diameter; for more than twenty-one «*l\ iiu>lip« in 1 n A|* j branch vents for traps larger than two inches, two inches in diameter; branch vents for traps two inches or less, one and one- half inches in diameter. For fixtures other than water-closets and slop-sinks and for more than eight (8) stories, vent-pipes may be one 4.1) .inch smaller than above stated. X. TRAPS. 97. No form of trap will be permitted to be used unless it has been approved by the bureau of buildings, and no masocs* cesspool, bell, pot, bottle or D-trap will be permitted, nor any form of trap that is not self-cleaning nor has interior chamber or mechanism, nor any trap, ex- j cept earthenware ones, that depend upon | interior partitions for a seal. 98. Every fixture must be separately trapped by a water-sealing trap placed as close to the fixture outlet, as possible. 99. A set of wash trays may connect , with a single trap, or into the trap of an adjoining sink, provided both sink and tub • waste outlets are on the same side of the | waste line, and the sink is nearest the j line. When so connected the waste-pipe from the wash trays must be branched in I below the water seal. 100. The dlsc-h irge from any fixture must not pass through more than on* j trap before reaching the house drain. ! 101. All traps must be well supported and set true with respect to their water levels. 102. All fixtures other than water-clos- ets and urinals must have strong me- tallic strainers or bars over the outlets to prevent obstruction of the waste- pipe. 103. All exposed or accessible traps, except water-closet traps, must have brass trap screws for cleaning the trap placed on the inlet side, or below the water level. 104. All iron traps for house .drain, yard and other drains and leaders must be running traps with handhole ciean- outs of full size of the traps when the same are less than five (5) inches. All traps underground must be made acces- sible by brick manholes with proper ! covers. i 105. Overflow pipes from fixtures must | in all cases be connected on the inlet ! side of traps. I 106. All earthenware traps must hav • j heavy brass floor plates soldered to the : lead bends, or where brass or iron pipes I are used, to be screwed to the same and I bolted to the trap flange and the joint j bo made gas-tight with strong and care- fully prepared re 1 lead putty. 107. No trap shall be placed at the foo f of main soil and waste-pipe lines. 108. The sizes for traps must not be less I ihan those given in the followingffable: Traps for water closers 4 Inches in diameter I Trat»s for slop sinks 2 inches in diameter I Traps for kiichen sinks. ...2 Inches in diameter Traps for wash trays 2 Inches in diameter ■ Traps for urinals 7 inches in diameter | Traps for oion.- fixtures, ,1k. inches in diameter I Traps fer leaders, nejs. Boor and other drains must lie at lens: 2 inches In diameter. SAFE \\T) IlF.FItlfiER ATOR AV\>»TE- 1*1 FES. 109. Safe and refrigerator wasle-pipes must be of galvanized Iron, anil be not less than one and one-quarter (11*1 inches in diameter, with lead branches of ! the same size, with strainers over the ! inlets secured by a bar soldered to the | lead branch. 110. Safe w^ste-pipes must not con- nect directly .vith any pari of the plumb- | !ng system. I 111. Safe wnste-plpes must either dis- charge over an open, water-aupplied. publicly placed, ordinarily used sink, placed not morn than three and one-halt feet above the collar floor. lift The safe w ft ft l ft r’l * from a re- THE BUILDING CODE 55 frigeraior [must, be trapped a the bot- tom of the line only and] cannot dis- charge upon the ground or floor. It must discharge over an ordinary portable pan, or over some properly trapped, water-supplied sink, as above. In no i-ase shall the refrigerator waste-pine discharge over a sink located in a room used for lying purposes. 113. The branches on vertical lines must be mad<» by Y fittings, and be car- ried up to the safe with as much pitch as possible. 114. Lead safes must be graded and neatly turned over bevel strips at their edges. 115. Where there is an offset on a re- frigerator waste-pipe in the cellar, there must be cleanouts to control tho horizontal part of the pipe. 116. In tenement-houses [lodging- houses] the refrigerator waste-pipes must extend above the roof, and must not be larger than one and one-half inches, nor the branches smaller than one and one- quarter inches. 117. Refrigerator waste-pipes [except) in tenement-houses] and all safe waste- pipes, must have brass flap-valves at their lower cuds. XII. t. * 118. T* lodging-houses, factories, work- shops and all public buildings, the entire water-closet apartment and side walls to a height of six inches from the floor, ex- cept at the door, must be made water- proof with asphalt, cement, tile, metal or other waterproof material as approved by the bureau of ouildlngs. 119. In lodging-houses the water-closet and urinal apartments must have a win- dow opening to the outer air; if three stories or less in height, they may have such window opening on a ventilating shaft not less than ten square feet In area. 120. In all buildings the outside parti- tion of such apartment must extend to the celling or be independently celled over, and these partitions must bo air- tight. The outside partitions must include a window opening to outer air on the lot whereon the bullling is situated, or some other approved moans of ventilation must be provided When necessary to prop- j erly light such apartments, the upper part of the partitions must be made of glass. The interior partitions of such apartments must be dwarfed partitions. 121. The general water-closet accom- modations for a [tenement or] lodging J house cannot be placed in the cellar. 122. No water-closet can be placed out- , side of a building. 123. The closets must be set open and \ free from all Inclosing woodwork. 124. Where water-closets will not sup- port a rim seat, the seat must be sup- ported on galvanized Iron legs, and a drip i tray must be used. • 125. Every earthenware closet in all new work and In all alterations where It Is not impossible to use It because of ; water-pipes or other obstructions, must 1 be set on a natural stone slab. Sand or' artificial stone or tile will not be allowed. ! 126. All water-closets must have earth- enware flushing rim bowls. "Pipe-wash" bowls or hoppers will not be permitted. ( 127. Pan, valve, plunger, offaet-wush- 1 out and other water-closets having an unventilated space, or whose walls are not thoroughly washed at each discharge, will not be permitted. 128. Long hoppers will not be permit- ted, except where there Is an exposure to I frost. 129. The connections of traps must be made to main soil, waste or vent pipe, by means of lead calked or screwed joints. Drip trays must bn enameled on both sides and secured In place. 130. In all sewer-connected occupied buildings there must be at least one water-closet, and there mum be add I lional closets so that there will never be more than fifteen persons pee closet. 131. Iu lodging-houses there must be one water-closet on each floor, and where there are more than fifteen persons on any floor there must be an additional water-closet on that floor for every fifteen additional persons or fraction thereof. 132. Water-closets and urinals must never be connected directly with or flushed from the water supply pipes. 133. Water-closets and urinals must be flushed from separate cisterns on each floor, the water from which is used for no other purpose; where flusliometers are used, they must be supplied from sepa- rate tanks provided for that purpose, and in no case are connections to be made direct with the water service pipe. 134. The overflow of cisterns may dis- charge into the bowls of the closet, but in no case connect with any part of the drainage system. 135. Iron water-closet and urinal cis- terns and automatic water-closet and urinal cisterns are prohibited. 136. The copper lining of water-closet and urinal cisterns must not be lighter than ten (10) ounces copper. 137. Water-closet flush-pipes must not be less than one and one-fourth inches and urinal flush-pipes one (1) inch in diameter, and if of lead must not weigh less than two and one-half pounds and two pounds per linear foot. Flush coup- lings must be of full size of the pipe. 138. Latrine’s trough water-closets aud similar appliances may be used only on written permit from the superintendent of buildings, and must be set and ar- ranged as may be required by the terms of the permit. 139. All urinals must be constructed of materials impervious to moistures that it will not corrode under the action of urine. The floor and wall of the urinal apart- ments must be lined with similar non- absorbent and non-corrosive material. 140. The platforms or treads of urinal stalls must never be connected inde- pendently to the plumbing system, nor can they be connected to any safe waste- pipe. 141. Iron trough water-closets and trough urinals must be enameled or gal- vanized. 142. All [iu lodging houses] sinks must be entirely open, on iron legs or brackets, without any inclosing woodwork. 143. Wooden washtubs are prohibited. Cement or artificial stone tubs will not be permitted unless approved by the bureau of b indings. XIII. WATER SUPPLY FOR FIXTURES. 144. All water-closets and other plumb- ing fixtures must be provided with a suffi- cient supply of water for flushing to keep them In a proper and cleanly condition. 145. When the water pressure is not sufficient to supply freely and continu- ously all fixtures, a house supply tank must be provided of sufficient size to afford an ample supply of water to all fixtures at. all times. Such tank must be > supplied from the pressure or by pumps, as may be necessary; when from the pressure, ball-cocks must be provided. 146. It water pressure Is not sufficient to fill house-tank, power pumps must be provided for filling them In lodging- houses, factories und workshops. 147. Tanks must be covered so us to ex- clude dust, and must be so located us to prevent water contamination by gas and odors from the plumbing fixtures. 148. Mouse supply-tanks must be of wood or iron or of wood lined with tinned and planished copper. 149. Mouse tanks must be supported on I Iron beams. 150. The overflow pipe should discharge I upon the roof, where possible, and In such cases should he brought down to within i six f6) Inches of the roof, or It must be ] trapped and discharged over an open nnd vil r-supplled ninlt not In the same room, not over 2VJ feet above tin* floor. : In no case shall the overflow ho con- I nected with any part, of tho plumbing system. 151. Emptying pipes for such tanks 1 I must be provided and be discharged In i the manner required for overflow pipes, and may be branched into overflow pipes. 152. No service-pipes or supplying- pipes should be run, and no tanks, flush- ing cisterns or water-supplied fixtures should be placed where they would be exposed to frost. 153. Where so placed they shall be properly packed aud boxed in such man- ner as to prevent freezing. ■ ^ 6 i xiv, TESTP«S Tire PLUMBING SYSTEM. 154. The entire plumbing and drainage system within the building must be tested by the plumber in the presence of a plumbing inspector, under a water or air test, as directed. All pipes must remain uncovered iu every part until they have successfully passed the test. The plumber must securely close all openings as di- rected by the inspector of plumbing. The use of wooden plugs for this purpose is prohibited. 155. The water test will be applied by closing the lower end of the main house drain and filling the pipes to the highest opening above the roof with water. The water test shall include at one time the house drain and branches, all vertical and horizontal soil, waste and vent and leader lines aud all branches therefrom to point 3*bove the surface of the finished floor and beyond the finished face of walls and par- titions. Deviation from the above rule will not be permitted unless upon -writ- ten application to and approval by the superintendent of buildings. If the drain or any part of the system is to be tested separately, there must be a head of water at least six [6) feet above all parts of the work so tested, and special pro- vision must be made for including all | joints and connections in at least one test. 156. The air test will be applied with a force-pump and mercury columns un- der ten pounds pressure, equal to twenty inches of mercury. The use of spring gauges is prohibited. 157. After the completion of the work, when the water has been turned on and the traps filled, the plumber must make a peppermint or smoke test in the pres- ence of a plumbing inspector aud as di- rected by him, and no device shall be used to apply said smoke test unless It has been approved by the bureau of build- ings. 158. The material and labor for the tests must be furnished by the plumber. Where the peppermint t est Is used, two ounces of oil of peppermint must be pro- vided for each line up to five stories and I basement iu height, and for oach addi- tional five stories or fraction thereof one additional ounce of peppermint must be provided for oach line. XV. PLUMBING IN TENEMENT HOUSES. 159. All sections or parts of sections of the tenement house law relating to plumbing and drainage of tenement houses . re to be observed, and aro here- by made a part of these rules and regu- lations. XVI. GAB PIPING AND FIXTURES. ICO. Hereafter the gas piping and fix- tures la ell new buildings and all alter- ations and extensions made to the gas piping or fixtures In old buildings must, be done In accordance with the follow- ing rules, walrn are made In accordance with the provisions of section 89 of the building code. For additional requirements of public buildings, theaters and places of assem- blage, see Part XXI of the building col* 161. Before tho construction or u Itera- tion of any gas piping In any building or part of any building, a permit must be 56 BUILDING AND HEALTH LAWS AFFECTING THE CITY OF NEW YORK. obtained from the superintendent of buildings. This permit will be issued only to a registered plumber and in conjunc- tion with the permit fo r plumbing and drainage . Application must include all floor plans complete, showing each and every outlet and the number of burners to go on each outlet. [Before beginning work.] Small alterations may be made by notifying the bureau of byildings, us- ing the same blank forms provided for alterations and repairs to plumbing. 162. Before any fixtures are connected with the gas piping, a permit must be obtained from the superintendent of buildings. application for same to be made on forms furnished by the bureau of buildings. 163. All gas pipe shall be of the best quality wrought iron and of the kind classed as standard pipe, and shall weigh according lo the following scale: Weights per Diameters. linear foot. inch 0.56 pound yi inch 0.85 inch 1.12 " 1 inch 1.67 ” 1U inches 2.24 " 1 % inches 2.68 “ 2 inches 3.61 " 2% inches 5.75 “ 3 inches 7.54 “ 3y 2 inches 9.00 “ 4 inches 10.66 No pipe allowed of less than % inch in diameter. 164. All fittings (excepting stop-cocks or valves) shall be of malleable iron. [All bends or angles in the piping system must be made by means of fittings. The bending of pipes will not be permitted.] 165 There shall be a heavy brass straightaway cock or valve on the ser- vice pipe immediately inside the front foundation wall. Iron cocks or valves are not permitted. 166. Where it is not impracticable so to do, all risers shall be left not more than five feet from front wall. 167. No pipe shall be laid so as to sup- port any weight (except fixtures) or be subjected to any strain whatsoever. All pipe shall be properly laid and fastened to prevent becoming trapped, and shall be laid, when practicable, above timbers or beams instead of beneath them. Where running lines or branches cross beams they must do so within thirty-six inches of the end of the beams, and in no case shall the said pipes be let into the beams more than two inches in depth. Any pipe laid in a cold or damp place shall be properly dripped, protected and painted with two coats of red lead and boiled oil or tarred. 168. No gas pipe shall be laid in ce- ment or concrete unless the pipe and channel in which it is placed are well covered with tar, nor within six inches of an electric wire excepting where they Immediately join outlets. 169. All drops must be set plumb and securely fastened, each one having at least one solid strap. Drops and outlets less than % of an inch in diameter shall not be left more than one inch below plastering, center-pieces, or woodwork. 170. All outlets and risers shall be left capped until covered by fixtures. 171. No unions or running threads shall be permitted. Where necessary to cut out to repair leaks or make exten- sions, pipe shall be again put together with right and left couplings. 172. No gasfitters' cement shall be used, except in putting fixtures together. 173. All gas brackets and fixtures shall be placed so that the burners of same are not less than three feet below any ceiling or woodwork, unless the same is properly protected by a shield, in which case the distance shall not be less than eighteen inches. No swinging or folding gas- brackets shall be placed against any stud partition or woodwork. No gas bracket on any lath and plaster partition or woodwork shall be less than five inches in length, measured from the burner to the plaster surface or wood- work. Gas lights placed near window curtains or any other combustible material shall be protected by a proper shield. 174. Gas outlets for burners shall not bp placed under tanks, back of doors or within four feet of any meter. 175. All buildings shall be piped accord- ing to the following scale: Diameter. Length. Burners. inch 3 “ S % •• 00 “ 20 1 4 so •* 35 D4 “ 110 ** 81 IV 2 “ 150 ** 100 2 “ 200 •* 200 2 U “ 300 3 “ 450 *• 450 314 “ 500 • * 1 2 3 4 600 4 “ 600 •* 750 176. Outlets for gas ranges shall have a diameter not less than required for six burners, and all gas ranges and heaters shall have a straightaway cock on servic* pipe. 177. When brass piping is used on the outside of plastering or woodwork it shall be classed as fixtures. 178. All brass tubing used for arms and stems of fixtures shall be at least No. 18 standard gauge and full size outside, so as to cut a full thread. All threads on brass pipe shall screw in at '.east 5-16 of an inch. All rope or square tubing shall be brazed or soldered into fittings and distributers, or have a nipple brazed into the tubing. 179. All cast fittings, such as cocks swing joints, double centers, nozzles, etc., shall be extra heavy brass. The plugs of all cocks must be ground to a smooth and true surface for their entire length, be free from sandholes. have not less than % of an inch bearing (except in cases of special design), have two flat sides on the end for the washer, and have two nuts instead of a tail screw. All stop pins to keys or cocks shall be screwed into place. 180. After all piping is fitted and fast- ened and all outlets capped up, there must be applied by the plumber, in the presence of an inspector of the bureau ol buildings, a test with air to a pressure equal to a column of mercury six inches in height, and the same to stand for five minutes: only mercury gauge shall be used. No piping shall be covered up, nor shall any fixture, gas, heater or range be connected thereto until a card showing the approval of this test has been issued by the superintendent of buildings. And. again, when all fixtures are hung, a simi- lar test shall be applied in exactly the same manner, excepting that one burner fixture. will be omitted to permit of ap- plying a pump and gauge. On the inspe t- or’s report of this test as above, a final approved card in duplicate will be issued by the superintendent of buildings. 181. No meter will be set by any gas company until a certificate is filed with them from the bureau of buildings certi- fying that the gas pipes and fixtures com- ply with the foregoing rules. 182. When for any reason it may be im- practicable to comply strictly with the foregoing rules, the superintendent of buildings shall have power to modify their provisions so that the spirit and substance thereof shall be complied with. Such modifications shall be indorsed upon the permit over the signature of the su- perintendent of buildings. Regulations of the Bureau of BuiMinris for the Testing of New Materials of 1. These regulations are to apply to all such new materials as are used in building construction, in the same man- ner and for the same purposes, as nat- ural stones, brick and concrete are now authorized by the building code. 2. Before any such material is used in buildings, an application for its use and for a test of the same must be filed with the superintendent of buildings. A de- scription of the material and a brief out- line of its manufacture must be embodied in the application. 3. The material must be subjected to the following tests: transverse, compression, absorption, freezing and fire. Additional tests may be called for when, in the judgment of the superintendent, the same may be necessary. All such tests must be made at some laboratory of recognized standing, under the supervision of the engineer of the bureau of buildings. The tests will be made at the expense of the applicant. 4. The results of the tests, whether satisfactory or not, must be placed on file in the bureau of buildings. They shall be open to public inspection, but need not necessarily be published. ft. For the purposes of the tests, at construction. least fifteen samples or test pieces must be provided. Such samples must repre- sent the ordinary commercial product. They may be selected from stock by the superintendent of buildings, or his repre- sentative, or may be made in his pres- ence, at his discretion. The samples must be approximately eight inches long, four inches wide and two inches thick. In cases where the material is made and used in special shapes or forms, full size samples may also be called for and tested In such manner as may he directed by the superintendent of buildings, to de- termine the physical characteristic spee- ded in regulation three. 6. The samples may be tested as soon as desired by the applicant, but in no case later than sixty days after manufac- ture. 7. The weight per cubic foot and spe- cific gravity of the material must be de- termined. 8. These tests shall be made In series of at least five, except that in the fire tests a series of two (four samples) Is sufficient. The transverse tests shall he made first on full-size samples (8 by 4 by 2). The resulting half samples are then used for the compression and absorption t tests, but in no ease must both halves ] of the same piece be used in either series. Half samples may also be used for the freezing and fire tests under the same re- strictions. The remaining samples are I kept in reserve, in case unusual flaws or exceptional or abnormal conditions make it necessary to discard certain of the tests. All the samples must be marked for identification and comparison. 9. The transverse test shall be made as follows: The sample shall be placed flatwise on two rounded knife-edge bear- ings set parallel, seven inches apart. A , load is then applied on top, midway be- tween the supports, and transmitted through a similar round edge, until the sample is ruptured. The modulus of rup- ture shall then be determined by multi- plying the breaking load in pounds by twenty-one < three times the distance be- ! tween supports in Inches), and dividing i the result by twice the product of the width (approximately four) in Inchea by ! the square of the depth (approximately 1 two) In Inches. 10. The compression test shall be mad* as follows: Tho sample must first b* thoroughly dried to a constant weight. I It must be enrefully measurod, than bedded flatwlso either In plaster of parts THE BUILDING CODE. 57 or blotting paper, to secure a uniform bearing in the testing machine, and crushed. The total breaking load is then divided by the area in compression in square inches. 11. The absorption test must be made as follows: The sample is first thorough- ly dried to a constant weight. The weight must be carefully recorded. It is then placed in a pan or tray of water, immersing it to a depth of not more than one-half inch. It Is again carefully weighed at the following periods: Thirty minutes, four hours and forty-eight hours, respectively, from the time of immersion, being replaced in the water in each case as soon as the weight is taken. Its com- pressive strength, while still wet. is then determined at the end of the rorty-eight hour period, in the manner specified in regulation ten. 12. The rreezing test Is made as fol- lows: The sample is immersed, as de- scribed in regulation eleven, for at least four hours, and then weighed. It is then placed in a freezing mixture or a refrig- erator, or otherwise subjected to a tem- perature of less than fifteen degrees Fah- renheit, for at least twelve hours. It is then removed and placed in water, where it must remain for at least one hour, the temperature of which is at least one hun- dred and fifty degrees Fahrenheit. This operation is repeated twenty times, after which the sample is again weighed while still wet from last thawing. Its crushing strength should then be determined, as called for in regulation ten. 1C. The fire test must be made as fol- lows: Two samples are placed in a cold gas furnace, in which the temperature is gradually raised to seventeen hundred degrees Fahrenheit in one hour. One of the samples is then plunged in cold water (about fifty to sixty degrees Fahrenheit), and results noted. The second sample is permitted to cool gradually in air, and the results noted. 14. The following requirements must be met to secure an acceptance of the materials: The modulus of rupture must average four hundred and fifty and must not fall below three hundred and fifty in any case. The ultimate compressive strength must average three thousand pounds per square inch and must not fall below twenty-five hundred in any cas - ' The percentage of absorption (being the weight of water absorbed divided by the must not exceed twenty per cent, in any case. The reduction of compressive strength must not be more than thirty- three and one-third per cent., except that when tha lower figure is still above three thousand pounds per square Inch, the loss in strength may be neglected. The freezing and thawing process must not cause a loss in weight greater than ten per cent., nor a loss in strength of more than thirty-three and one-third per cent., except that when the lower figure is still above three thousand pounds per square inch, the loss in strength may be neglected. The fire test must not cause the material to dis- integrate. (Note— No great stress will be laid on this last test.) 15. The approval of any material is given only under the following conditions: (a) A brand mark for identification ! must be impressed on. or otherwise at- tached to the material. (b) A plant for the production of the material must, be in full operation when the official tests are made. | (e) The name of the firm or corpora- tion and the responsible officers must be placed on file with the superintendent of i buildings, and changes in same promptly ] reported. (d) The tests must be repeated at any time when called for. on samples selected from the open market, where there is any i doubt whether the product is up to the I standard of these regulations. (e) In case the results of tests made | under this condition (d) should show’ that i the standard of these regulations is not j maintained, the approval of this bureau ' will be at once suspended or revoked. Revised Regulations of the Bureau of Buildings Governing the Erection and Conver- sion of Buildings to Be Used for the Purpose of Moving Picture Shows, Music Halls or Any Other Public Entertainment for the Accommodation of Not More Than 300 People. — January 29, 1910. Before the erection, construction or | alteration of aDy sucd building, or part (hereof, there must be filed with the Su- perintendent of Buildings. complete plans and detailed statement as set forth In section 4 of the Building Code. The plans must show clearly and fully • he location and width of all exits, pas- sageways. stairs, fire-escapes, aisles, etc.; the arrangement of seats: size of floor beams, walls, supports, etc.; the location and construction of the enclos- ure for the moving picture light and ma- chinery or for other similar apparatus; a diagram of the lot or plot showing outlets from all exits and also such oiho- d«tati«t> s' a.ter't-n: , i. or de- rila »«■ iuv required ny me superin- tendent. of 1>uildings. and if such house is a tenement house, permit from the Tenement House Department must be obtained. Exits. All such buildings must be provided with at least two separate exits remote from each other and leading to direct ant) positive outlets. The width in the clear of such exits must be ut least 4 feet G Inehes f 4% feet) in the clear where above 100 and not more than 200: and 6 feet In the clear where above 200 ar.4 not more than 2.00 poopl"; or in lieu of the Increased width there may be provided an additional exit not less than 2 feet 6 Inehes In the elear. All surh buildings to be erected on a lot other than a corner lot, an open court must be provided on one side, at least 4 feet in width In the rlcnr for buildings accommodating 100 persons or less 4 feet 0 Inehes In the elesr where more than 100 and not more than 200 porsons, and 5 foot In the rlear whore over 200 and not more than 800 persons; said court to oxtend from rear exit to street front. In cnee of an existing building lo- cated on a lot othor than a corner lot, and occupying tbo full width of same, U to be altered to be used for the purpose! herein defined, and direct means ot , egress to a street cannot be provided at j the rear of such building, a fireproof passage or corridor must be" provided from rear exit to the street front, of the same width as required for the side court of new buildings; such passage- way must be constructed of fireproof material; the wall forming su< h pas- sageway on the auditorium side must be 8 Inches thick, of brick, started one fool below the cellar bottom, and carried up to the underside of roof boards If a one- story building, and to the underside of the flooring of the next story above i where such building is more than one ! story In height, or such wall may be constructed of fireproof hollow blocks , If deemed suitable by the superintendent of buildings having jurisdiction. The 1 celling of such passageway must bo eov- | "red with metal lath or wire mesh and j plastered with three coats of "Kings Windsor” or other plaster equally as good, having a total thickness of at least 1(4 Inrhes; or the celling may be pro- tected with %-lnch plaster boards joints properly filled with mortar and covered with metal. All exit doors must be fireproof and made to open outwnrdly and In such a way os not to obstruct any passageway. finllery. If there Is to he a gallery, there must | he provided from said gallery at least one line of Interior stalrB and one line of outside fire escapes remote from each 1 other. All doors hading to fire escapes must bo not less than 3 feet wide In the rlear Stain. The width In the rlenr of all slnlrs must be ot least 3 feet where they ac- commodate Bd peopto or loss; 4 feet In I the clear where above 50 anil not more than 100 people; 4 feet 0 Inches In th* - I clear where ulmc 100 and not more than 150 people-; 5 feet in the clear where above 150 and not more than 200 people; 5 feet G inches in the elear where above 200 and not more than 250 people, and fi feet in the clear where more than 250 and not more than 300 people; and in lieu of the increased width there may be provided an additional stair providing that the width in the clear of each stair is not less than 4 feet. Eire escapes. All fire escapes must have balconies not less than 3 feet in width In the clear and not less than 4 feet G inches long, and from said balconies there shall be alair cases eti-Dcling to the ground level, with a rlao o? not over S’4 Inehes snd * step of not. less (him 8Vi inehes, and the width of stales must be not less lhau 3 feet. All fire escapes must be built of fire proof material. 1‘roNcriilnni null. A fire wall shall separate the audito- rium irom the stage, and said wall shall extend the full neight of the auditorium; said wall must bo constructed of fire- proof materia;, or may be constructed of wood studs covered on both sides with either expanded metal lath or wire mesh and plastered two coats of "Kings Wind- sor" or other plaster equally as good, or inny be covered with metal on >4- Inch plaster boards the Joints of same to be properly filled with mortar. The eelllng and the partitions of all rooms back of proscenium wall shall be pro- tected In the sntne manner as herein specified for proscenium wall. \n,i in. apart, and well secured and riveted to iron battens l‘ix*« of an Inch, spaced not over three feet apart, a:. I riveted at the Intersection. The railing shall | extend around the entire length of the platform, and in all cases shall go | through the wall at each end. and be properly secured by nut and 4-inch square ■ washer at least % of an inch thick, and ! no rail shall be connected at right angle [ with cast iron. The top rail of balconies shall be at least 1% inches by ’ 2 inch of wrought ] iron, or H& inch angle iron 14 inch thick. The bottom rail shall be at least lli inches by % inch wrought iron, or Hi ! inch angle iron, 14 inch thick. The standard, or filling in, bars shall be not less than % inch round or square wrought iron, well riveted to top and j I bottom rail and platform frame. The | filling in bars shall not be spaced more j than 6 Inches apart. The height of rail- ing in no case shall be less than 3 feet > high. Supporting bracket*. The brackets shall not be less than 1 ! in. by 1% in. wrought iron, placed edge- j wise, or 21 fcx% inch angle iron well braced. They shall not be more than 3 ft apart, and shall be braced by means of not less than 1 inch square wrought iron, and > shall extend at least two-thirds of the | width ot the respective balcony or brack- ets. The brackets shall go through the wall, and be turned down at least 3 inches or be properly secured by nut antj 4 inch square washers at least 14 inch thick. l‘u luting. All metal parts of such balconies shall receive not less than two coals of paint when erected, and kept well painted, to avoid rust after completion. The doors leading to and from all fire escapes shall not be less than 3 ft. wide in the clear, and arranged to open out- , wardly, or toward the line of egress when going from the building. All such doors, including the casings, jambs, etc., must be entirely covered with metal. The door loading from the building to the connecting balcony may be fastened by bolt or lioolc on the inside of the build- ing. The door leading to the fire escape ft out the connecting balcony may be fas- tened on the outside of the fire escape inclosure by bolt or hook. The outlet doors may be fastened on the inside of the fire escape inclosure by bolt or hook. The use of locks on any such doors 1« strictly prohibited. Stair*, platform*. etc. The stairs in all fire escape lnclosures shall be not less than 3 ft. wide in the clear. The height of the risers shall not be more than 8 inches, ami the width of the tread shall not be less than 9 inches, exclusive of nosing. An Intermediate landing must be provided in all stories exceeding 12 feet ‘ti inches in height. The width of all, platforms or landings, shall not be less than 3 feet in the clear, In any direction. The use of winders in any such stairs is strictly prohibited. All such stairs shall be provided with substantial hand rails. Outlet* from lire escape*. A direct and positive outlet must be provided to the street, or yard, at the ground level of all fire escape lnclosures. There shall also be provided an outlet to the roof of the building, accessible by stair s to a properly inclosed bulkhead. l.lgliting. All fire escape luelosures and connect- ing balconies shall be kept clean, unob- structed and properly lighted. All win- dows in any such inclosures shall be made of iron sash, glazed with wire glass and 1 luing in iron frames. Regulations of the Bureau of Buildings to Govern the Construction, Alteration, Oper- ation and Inspection of Mechanical Amusement Devices and Escalators. I The term "Mechanical Amusement ||. VI. . •’ shall be taken to mean, and in- li.le. all amusement devices such as Es- olaLors. Scenic Railways. Toboggan Glides. Shoot the Chutes. Roller Coasters, Kerris Wherls. Air Ships. Circle Swings, Revolving Towers. Twirl the Whirl. Wblrl 111- Whirl. ZU. Loop the lx>op and all olhei similar amusement devices u-cl for the conveyance of persons for purposes of pleasure or business. 2. All such amusement devices when In use must be Inspected ut least once In each week, and the Superintendent of Buildings shall keep a record of the con- structional and mechanical parts of each device Inspected, relative to th-lr con- dition as to safety at the time of the Iasi Inspection. {. Before any amusement device shall be hereafter Installed or altered In the Borough of Brooklyn, the owner, or hi* agent, architect or rontractor, shall be required to file a statement with the Hu- pfrlnlen lent of BulMlng* relative to *h f * mrthod of construction and mode of op- eration of tile proposed device, and as to tin nunibi r of persons It Is designated to carry at any one time. 4. The owner, lessee, manager or other person In charge of, or having control of tiny amusement device In actual oper- ation In the Borough of Brooklyn, must attach to each and every car, or other currier, a sign plate upon which shall ! be Inscribed the number of persons per- imlttcd to rid' thereon. D. The number of persons permitted to rlue on iinv amusement, device shall be .determined by <* practical test to bo made at the expense of the owner, and In the | presence of the Superintendent of Build* ' Ings or his representative. Additional i safeguards must be placed on any such ! device, where, In the opinion of the Su- perintendent, a condition prevails that. In the operation of the dovlco Ilf* or limb ' would be endangered. 6. Every amusement, device while In J nj*.erp t ton must he in charge ef n comp- Lent, person of reliable character, not less than twenty-otic (21) years of ago, ann who Is In possession of sufficient knowl- edge and experience In the management of the device in lit* charge to Insure the safety of Its occupants. 7. A block system of automatic signals must be provided on all structures where amusement devices of any kind arc lu chergs of an operator and pass through « tunnel or other luclosure. These signal* must he arranged so es to warn all op- erator* r* <"»utrer ahead, The system* i best suited for tills purpose are. Ill* light— red and white; the urm — red sud white, and the lu ll. 8. Cars on incline railways, not In charge of nu operator, which are driven by sprocket, wheel and chain, must be provided with mhslontlal automatic brakes, arranged so as to Insure tb* snfety of Urn rur while ascending the In- cline. rim. bi iltes must also be pro- vided in (lie i enter of tho track bed for *11 aneb iv tin t ' nld hi ike* shall be 60 BUILDING AND HEALTH LAWS AFFECTING THE CITY OF NEW YORK. made so as to readily act on and stop I the car at any curve, turn or dip in the | road. 9. Cars on incline railways which are in [ charge of an operator, and are driven hy electricity or other power, must be pro- I vided with safety brake shoes. These shoes shall be arranged so as to enable the operator of the car to keep it under his direct control; the speed of all such cars when rounding a curve shall be re- duced to three miles per hour. 10. Cars on incline railways not in charge of an operator must be provided with sprocket chain dogs of substantial make securely fastened to the ear. All such cars in charge of an operator which are driven by cable must be provided with a substantial clutch, arranged so as to be effectively handled by the oper- ator. When such cars are driven by elec- tricity, the power conducting rails, wires, or system, through which the current is \ transmitted, must be placed safely out of reach of the passengers. Substantial guard rails or gates must be provided for the sides of all such cars. 31. All air ships, swings, boats, etc., which are supported on cables, must be provided with emergency cables properly secured by bolts and nuts into the object which they are designed to support. These cables must be kept free from strain, and in number and size be equal to the load they would have to support should any permanent supporting cable break. All supporting cables must be Insulated. No electric light wires will be permitted to be attached to the sup- porting cables of any amusement device. 12. All air ships using elevators which depend upon cables for support mmt have a speed safety or governor connect- ed to the safety device on the car. The cars of all such elevators must be con- structed of fireproof material through- out. 13. The frames of all Ferris wheel cars must be of iron and made sufficiently strong to support the load they are per- mitted to carry. The supporting iron bands must encircle all such cars, and be securely fastened with bolts and nuts. i There must also be provided an extra or j emergency band, this to be placed on the center of the car and set with 1-8 or 1-16 clearance, and be of sufficient strength and so arranged as to safely support the car should one or both of the permanent supporting bands break. All such cars must be Inclosed with a heavy wire mesh or Iron grill. The doors of all such cars must be dosed and se- j curely fastened from the outside before the car leaves the platform with pas- sengers. I 14. Before any amusement device is I started on its journey the operators and attendants who are in charge of the de- vice shall be required to see that all passengers are properly strapped, or otherwise secure against falling or being thrown from the device. 15. All machinery used in the operation of any mechanical amusement device must be inclosed by suitable partitions, | and such inclosures must be lighted. Free I and safe access must be provided to all parts of any such machinery. All the > moving parts of escalators must be pro- I vided with good and sufficient guards, so as to prevent accidents. 16. When an amusement device has been out of service for any length of time it | shall not be lawful to commence the op- eration of any such device until it has been properly inspected, tested and ap- proved by the superintendent of build- ings. 17. The construction, alteration or change of the structure, rails, machinery or power of any mechanical amusement device must be done in a manner that would he consistent with the requirement of these rules and regulations. No amuse- ment device will be permitted to operate l lhat has not been inspected, tested and approved of by the superintendent of buildings. 18. The owners or managers of any me- chanical amusement device shall be re- quired to immediately cease in the op- eration of any such device that is found | upon inspection to be in an unsafe or ! dangerous condition, and said owners and j managers will be held strictly account- | able for any accident wherein any person | is injured during the operation of any | such device that has been declared to be j in an unsafe and dangerous condition hy j the Bureau of Buildings. 19. Any infraction of these rules and regulations, or upon failure by the j proper person to comply with the pro- j visions thereof, after having received due notice from the superintendent of build- ings, shall be treated the same as a vio- lation of the building code, and subject the guilty person to the penalties pre- scribed in section 151 of the building code. Regulations of the Bureau 1. The term "concrete-steel” in these . regulations shall be understood to mean an approved concrete mixture reinforced by steel of any shape, so combined that the steel will take up the tensional stresses and assist in the resistance to •hear. 2. Concrete-steel construction will be approved only for buildings which are not required to be fireproof by the building code, unless satisfactory fire and water tests shall have been made under the supervision of this bureau. Such tests shall be made in accordance with the regulations fixed by this bureau and con- ducted as nearly as practicable in the same manner as prescribed for fireproof floor fillings in Section J06 of the building code. Each company offering a system of concrete-steel construction for fireproof buildings must submit such construction to a fire and water test. 3. Before permission to erect any con- crete-steel structure is issued, complete drawings and specifications must be filed with the superintendent of buildings, Bhowing all details of the construction, the size and position of all reinforcing reds, stirrups, etc., and giving the com- position of the concrete. 4. The execution of work shall be con- fided to workmen who shall be under the control of a competent foreman or super- intendent. 6. The concrete must ba mixed In the proportions of’ one of content, two of •and and four of stone or gravel; or tbe proportions may be such that the re- sistance of the concrete to crushing shall not be less than 2,000 pounds per square Inch after hardening for twenty-eight days. The tests to determine this value must be made under the direction of the superintendent of buildings. The con- crete used in concrete-steel construction must be what is usually known as a “wet” mixture. 6. Only high-grade Portland cements shall be permitted in concrete-steel con- struction. Such cements, when tested neat, shall, after one day in air, develop of Buildings in Reg'ard to the Use of Concrete-Steel Consirucfcion. a tensile strength of at least 300 pounds per square inch; and after one day in air and six days in water shall develop a tensile strength of at least 500 pounds per square inch; and after one day in air and twenty-seven days in water shall develop a tensile strength of at least 600 pounds per square inch. Other tests, as to fine- ness, constancy of volume, etc., made in accordance with the standard method prescribed by the American Society of Civil Engineers’ Committee may, from time to time be prescribed by the super- intendent of buildings. • The sand to be used must be clean, sharp grit sand, free from loam or dirt, and shall not be finer than the standard sample of the bureau of buildings. 8. The stone used in the concrete shall be a clean, broken trap rock, or gravel, of a size that will pass through a ihree- quarter inch ring. In case it is desired to use any other material or other kind of stone than that specified, samples of same must first be submitted to and approved by the superintendent of buildings. 9. The steel shall meet the require- ments and section twenty-one of the building code. 10. Concrete-steel shall be so designed that the stresses In the concrete and the steel shall not exceed the following limits: Extreme fiber stress on concrete in com- pression 500 lbs. per sq. In. Shearing stress In con- crete so *i «« •* « Concrete in direct compression 350 '• •* n •• Tensile stress In steel. 16,000 M ** ** “ Shearing stress In steel 10,000 ** u “ " 11. The adhesion of concrete to steel shall be assumed to be not greater than the shearing strength of the concrete. 12. The ratio of the moduli of elas- ticity of concrete and steel shall be taken at one to twelve. 13. The following assumption shall guide in the determination of the bend- ing moments due to the external forces. Beams and girders shall be considered as simply supported at the ends, no al- lowance being made for continuous con- | struetion over supports. Floor plates, ] when constructed continuous and when ! provided with reinforcement at top of J plate over the supports, may be treated j as continuous beams, the bending moment I f° r uniformly distributed loads being taken at not less than —A ' ; the bending moment may be taken at in the | case of square floor plates which are re- | forced in both directions and supported I on all sides. The floor plate to the extent | of not more than ten times the width of ! any beam or girder may be taken as part ; of that beam or girder in computing its moment of resistance. 14. The moment of resistance of any concrete-steel construction under trans- verse loads shall be determined by formulae based on the following assump- tions : (a) The bond between the concrete and steel is sufficient to make the two ma- tei ials act together as a homogeneous solid. (b) The strain in any fiber is directly proportionate to the distance of that fiber from the neutral axis. (c) The modulus of elasticity of the concrete remains constant within the limits of the working stresses fixed in these regulations. From these assumptions it follows that the stress In any fiber is directly propor- tionate to the distance of that fiber from the neutral axis. The tensile strength of the contract shall not be considered. 15. When the shearing stresses de- veloped In any part of a concrete-steel construction exceed the safe working strength of concrete, as fixed In these regulations, a sufficient amount of steel shall bo Introduced In such a position that the deficiency In the resistance to shear Is overcome. 16. When the safe limit of adhesion THE BUILDING CODE. 61 between the concrete and steel is ex- ceeded, some provision must be made for transmitting the strength of the steel to the concrete. 17. Concrete-steel may be used for columns In which the ratio of length to least side or diameter does not exceed twelve. The reinforcing rods must be tied together at intervals of not more than the least side or diameter of the column. 18. The contractor must be prepared to make load tests on any portion of a concrete-steel construction, within a rea- sonable time alter erection, as often as may be required by the superintendent of buildings. The tests must show that the construction will sustain a load of three times that for which it is designed without any sign of failure. Approved September 9th, 1903. Provisions Contained in Permit from Bureau of Highways to Place Building Mate Permission is granted to place building . materials upon the street in front of premises in the City of New York, upon ( the following conditions: 1st. The portion of said street to be occupied shall not exceed one-third (1-3) of the width of the carriageway outside curbstone. The materials to be placed near the curbstone and directly in front of said premises. 2d. The materials shall be so placed as not to obstruct the free flowage of water along the gutter in front of or ad- joining said premises. 3d The sidewalk in front of said prem- ises shall be kept at all times free and clear for pedestrians, and suitable pro- visions maintained when the same is re- moved for alterations or other purposes. 4th. The material shall occupy a space of uniform width, and shall not be placed within two (2) feet of any rail- road track, nor within four (4) feet of any city lamp post, or ten (10) feet of any fire hydrant. The carriageway of all streets shall be covered with planking before such material is placed therer.i. which planking shall be limited to the space included in this permit, and shall not interfere with the free flowage of wa- ter in the gutterways, and no material rials on Street. or other incumbrances shall be placed upon the highway outside the limits of said planking. . 5th. In all cases suitable and sufficient lights are to be placed upon such build- ing materials at twilight in the evening, and the same are to be kept burning every night until such building materials are removed from such street. 6th. Fences must be erected to guard excavations and to prevent pedestrians from falling into the excavations. 7th. Asphalt pavements must be prop- erly covered with planking to protect the same from damage, before any building materials are placed thereon Persons holding this permit will be held liable for any damage sustained to these pave- ments through neglect to comply with this condition. 8th. Any violation of the ordinances relating to barriers, erection of fences, placing sufficient lights to prevent acci- dents or failure to comply with the above conditions, or either of them, will be sufficient cause for revocation of this permit, and the commencement of pro- ceedings to recover penalties for the vio- lation of the same. 9th In case of any street opening, or repairing or laying of water pipes, gas pipes subways or other improvement or alteration, this permit is hereby revoked. and all material must be immediately re- moved without further notice. 10th. No material shall be placed on unpaved cuts. The holder of this permit is required to replace any pavement disturbed in con- sequence thereof in proper condition, and to remove any rubbish, dirt or surplus material therefrom, within the time for which this permit is granted; and the holder of this permit shall notify the as- sistant commissioner of public works. Borough of Brooklyn, on or before the ex- piration of the permit, of the time when the work to which the permit applies is completed, and no further permit will be issued to any person who shall fall to comply with these conditions. Chapter 8, Section 231, Ordinances 1880— The owner or builder of any house or other buildings which may be erecting or repairing in The City of New York, shall cause all the rubbish of every kind oc- casioned thereby which may accumulate in the street, or be cast into the street, and all the ground, stone, sand and clay which may be dug from the cellar or yard, or area or vault, and cast into the street, to be removed out of said street before sunset on each day. under the penalty of five dollars for each day’s neglect, to be recovered from the owner or builder, severally and respectively. Resolutions Adopted by the Board of Estimate and Apportionment on April 23, 1909, Governing the Width of Roadways and SidewalKs and Intended to Pre- vent the Erection of Buildings Which Would Encroach on Streets Laid Out Upon the City Map. Resolved. That unless otherwise pro- . rlde ( ] by franchise or by a special rcsolu- | lion of this board, the following rules; shall apply to all streets which may j hereafter be Improved within the limits of the city Of New York: 1 The roadway width of streets shall be such as to give a clear Bpacc between curb lines as follows: (a) For streets less than 20 feet wide and used for vehicular traffi . the width of the roadway shall correspond with the street width, less the space occupied by the curb. (b) For streets having a width ranging from 20 feet to 60 feet and not occupied by a railroad, the width of the roadway shall be 60 per cent, of the total width of the street. (c) For streets having a width ranging from 50 feet to 60 feet and not occupied by a double-track railroad, the roadway shall have a width of 30 feet. (d) For streets having a width ranging from 60 feet to 66 feet 8 inches and not occupied by a double-track ra ir >nd. the width of the roadway shall b’ or.e-half of the total width of the street. (pi For nil streets having a width of over 66 feel 8 Inches, except those por- tions of Fifth avenue and of Forty-second street. Borough of Manhattan, concerning the treatment of which a resolution was sdopted by this board on December 18. 1908, the roadway width shall be 80 per cent, of the street width lesB 20 feet. provided, however, that if the street is occupied by a double-track railroad the minimum roadway width herein pre- scribed for such railroad shall be re- quired. (f) For streets in which there is a single-track railroad, the minimum road- way width is to be 30 feet. (gl For streets In which there Is a double-track railroad the minimum road- way width is to be 40 feet. 2. The curb corners at street Intersec- tions where the interior angle is 80 de- giecs or more, shall be turned with a curve having a radius of 6, 6. 8, 10 or 12 feet, this being determined for each case as the nearest of these dimensions which would represent 10 per cent, of the width of the wider street, provided, however, that In case the Interior angle Is less than 80 degrees the radius shall not be 1 less than 20 per cent, of the distance be- tween the building line corner and the I point of Intersection of the curb tan- 1 gents. For intersections where the Interior angle Is less than 30 degrees a tangent shall be Inserted In tho curb line at Ihe eorner at right angles to the line bisect- ing the said interior angle, and at a dis- tance from the building line corner equiv- alent to the width of the wider sidewalk of Ihe Intersecting streets, the said dis- tance being measured along the bisecting ! line. The curves to connect this tangent with the curb lines otherwise provided I for, shall each have a radius of G feel. 3. The roadways shall he centrally lo- cated between the street lines, and for streets having a width of 20 feet or more the remaining space on each side of the roadway shall bo designated as the side- walk. 4. No encroachment shall he permitted upon any roadway unless authorized by a franchise. 5. No encroachment of a permanent nature shall be permitted upon the side- walk space of streets owned in fee, or shall be hereafter permitted upon an easement street between the elevation of the curb and a horizontal piano 10 feet above the elevation of the curb. Resolved. That all ordinances, resolu- tions. permits and licenscg heretofore passed, issued or granted b n 0 city of New York, or by any board, body, coun- cil or officer thereof, permitting, licensing or allowing an encroachment of any kind or description upon tho public streets In conflict with the provisions of tills reso- lution are hereby In all respects cancelled and revoked, with tho exception of Ihe resolution adopted by this board on De- cember 18, 1808, relating to a portion of Fifth avenue and *o a portion of Forty- second street Borough of Manhattan, which resolution Is hereby perpetuated. Whereas, It hns been determined by a resolution adopted by Ibis board »n April 23, 1909, that no permanent on- eronrhnienl h shall hereafter he permitted ut>oti the roadway of any street which has 62 BUILDING AND HEALTH LAWS AFFECTING THE CITY OF NEW YORK, been laid out upon the map of the City of New York, or upon that portion of the space between the house line and the curb which is or may be required for public use; Resolved, That the president of each borough be requested to instruct the su- perintendent of buildingg in his borough to hereafter require that all applications for permits for new buildings, or for al- terations to old buildings shall be ac- companied with a map showing the actual relation of the premises and the pro- posed building or alterations to the street line as laid out upon the city map, and to refuse to issue a permit for any such building or alteration any part of which encroaches upon the roadway, or I upon the portion of the sidewalk space between a horizontal plane level with the curb line and a similar plane 10 feet above the curb. Resolved, That nothing herein con- tained shall be construed as granting, confirming or continuing any right to the , occupation of any portion of the public 'streets by buildings heretofore erected. Ad Ordinance Regulating the Placing of Electric Signs in the City of New YorK, and Providing That the Same Be Licensed. — AN ORDINANCE to amend "An Ordi- nance regulating the placing of elec- tric signs in The City of New York, and providing that the same shall be licensed.” Be it Ordained by the Board of Aider- men of The City of New York as fol- lows Section 1. “An Ordinance regulating the placing of electric signs in The City of New York, and providing that the same shall be licensed,” adopted April 30, 1907, and approved May 7. 1907, is hereby amended so as to read as follows: Section 1. Any electric letter, word, model, sign, device or representation in the nature of an advertisement, an- , nouncement or direction erected at right angles to any building shall be deemed to be an electric sign. Sec. 2. Electric signs may be hung or attached at right angles to buildings, and extend not to exceed six feet therefrom in said space, and to be ten feet in the clear above the level of the sidewalk in front of such building, upon the payment of an annual license fee of 10 cents for each square foot of sign space or part of square foot of such sign space, to be collected by the City Clerk of The City of New York. The square feet of sign space on one side of an electric sigu. however, shall be deemed to be the entire number of square feet of sigu space for the purpose of computing the license fee herein referred to and required to be paid. All electric signs shall be constructed entirely of metal, including the uprights, supports and braces for the same, prop- erly and firmly attached to the building, and shall be so constructed as not to be or become dangerous. Before any permit is issued by the City Cleric plans and statements of the pro- posed sign and method of attachment to the building must be filed with the Su- perintendent of Buildings having juris- diction, as provided in part 2, section 4. of the Building Code, and his certificate of approval be obtained as to the suffi- ciency of the construction and method of attachment to the building. A cer- ticate must also be obtained from the Department of Water Supply. Gas and Electricity, certifying that the proposed electric wiring and electric appliances are in conformity with the rules and regulations of that Department. A license issued hereunder, before its expiration or within thirty days there- after. may he renewed upon payment of ,the license fee, without the filing of a new set of plans and statements, pro- vided that the old license be surrendeteS, accompanied by satisfactory proof to the City Clerk in the form of an affidavit that the method of hanging, size and style of sign are the same as when orig- inally licensed and that the wiring 6f said sign is in good condition. Sec. 3. No certificate shall be given by the Superintendent of Buildings, and no permit shall be issued by the City Clerk, for the erection of electric sign or signs on any building when such building ad- joins a building occupied exclusively as a private residence, unless the written consent of the owner or owners of said private residence for the erection of such electric sign be first obtained. Sec. 4. No electric sign shall be placed, hung or maintained, except as in this ordinance provided, under a penalty of ten dollars for each offense, and a fur- ther penalty of ten dollars for each day or part of a day the same shall continue. Sec. 5. All ordinances or parts of ordi- nances inconsistent or conflicting with the provisions of this ordinance are hereby repealed. Sec. 6. This ordinance shall take effect immediately. Adopted bv the Board of Aldermen, June 22, 1909. Approved by the Mayor, July 1, 1909. Statute Relating to Plumbing in New York City and Ruler* Made Under its Authority by the Department of Buildings. See Also Section 141 of the Building Code. CHAPTER 803, LAWS OF 1896. AN ACT IN RELATION TO PLUMBING IN THE CITY OF NEIV VORK, Section 1. Once in each year, ovary employing or master plumber carrying on his trade, business or calling in The City of New York, shall register his name and address at the office of the department of buildings in said city under such rules and regulations as said department shall prescribe, and thereupon he shall be en- titled to receive a certificate of such registration from said department, pro- vided, however, that such employing or master plumber shall, at the lime of ap- plying for such registration, hold a cer- tificate of competency from the examining board of plumbers of said city. The time for making such registration shall be dur- ing the month of March in each year. Where, however, a person obtains a cer- tificate of competency at a time other than in the month of March In any year, he may register within thirty days after obtaining such certificate of competency, but he must also register in the month of March in each year as above provided. Such registration may be canceled b.v the superintendent of buildings for a vio- lation of the rules and regulations for the plumbing and drainage of such city, duly adopted and in force pursuant to the provisions of this act, or whenever the. person so registered ceases to bo a mas- ter or employing plumber, after a bearing bad before said superintendent, and upon a prior notice, of not less than ten days. 1 stating the grounds of complaint and j served upon the person charged with the violation of the aforesaid rules and regu- lations. After the passage of this act it shall not be latvful for any person or ro-partnershfp to engage in, or carry on the trade, business or calling of employ- ing or master plumber in The City of New York, unless the name and address of such person and each and every mem- ber of such co-partnership shall have been registered as above provided. Sec. 2. In The City of New York it shall be unlawful for any person or per- sons to expose the sign of “Plumber” or "Plumbing,” or a sign containing words of sbttdlar import and meaning, unless said person or persons shall have ob- tained a certificate of competency from the examining board of plumbers of said city, and shall have registered as herein provided. Sec. 3. The department of buildings is hereby charged with the enforcement of ! the provisions of this act, through the I superintendent of buildings, and in addi- ■ t.ion to such officers or employes as are now provided hv law to be appointed by him, he shall appoint, inspectors of plumbing. It shall not be lawful for any inspector of plumbing of said department to engage in conducting or carrying on business as a plumber while holding of- fice therein. Any inspector of plumbing for any neglect of ditty or omission to properly perform his duty, or violation 1 of rules, or neglect or disobedience of orders, or Incapacity, or absence without leave, may be punished by the superin- tendent of buildings, by forfeiting and withholding pay for a specified time, or I by suspension from duty with or withou' pay; but this provision shall not he deemed to abridge the right of said superintendent to remove or dismiss any inspector of plumbing from the service of said department at any time in his discretion. Sec. 4. The duties of inspectors of plumbing appointed under the provisions of this act, in addition to those which may be required by the superintendent of buildings, shall be to inspect the con- struction and alteration of all plumbing work performed in said city, and to re- port iu writing the result of such in- spection to the superintendent. The said inspectors shall also ascertain whether the employing or master plumber having charge of the construction, repairing or alteration of any plumbing work per- formed in The City of New York is regis- tered. as herein provided, and if such person is not registered, then such in- spector shall forthwith report to sa'd department the name of such plumber. The department of buildings may present a petition to a Justice of the suprem o , court or to >» spe-ial term thereof for j an order restraining the person so re- ported from actlpg as an employing or master plumber until he registers pur- suant to the provisions of this act. Sail i petition shall state that th» said person is engaged iD plumbing work as an em- THHE BU1LLDING CODE. 63 ploying or master plumber without hav- j ing so registered, and shall be more than six days after the granting thereof, to show cause why he should not be per- manently enjoined until he has obtained a certificate of registration as herein re- quired. A copy of such petition and or- der shall be served upon 3urh person not less than twenty-four hours before the return thereof. On the date specified in such order the justice or court before whom the same is returnable shall hear the proofs of the parties, and may, if he deems necessary, take testimony in rela- tion to the allegations of the petition. If the justice or court is satisfied that such plumber is practicing without hav- ing registered as provided by this act, an order shall be granted enjoining him from acting as an employing or maste- plumber until he has so registered. No undertaking shall be required a3 a con- dition to the granting or issuing of such injunction order or by reason thereof. If after the entry of such order in the county clerks' office of The City and County of New York such person shall, in violation of such order, practice a3 employing or master plumber. ,, he shall be deemed guilty of a criminal contempt of court and be punished as for a crim- inal contempt in the manner provided by ihe coda of civil procedure, but in no , ass shall tlm department of buildings be liable for costs in any such proceed- ing but they may be allowed against the defendant or defendants in the discre- tion of the justice or court. Sec. 5. Hereafter the plumbing and drainage of all buildings, both public and private, in The City of Xew York, shall be executed in accordance with the rules and regulations adopted by the su- perintendent of buildings. Said rules and regulations and any change thereof shall be published in the “City Record ’ on eight successive Mondays before the samo shall become operative. Suitable draw- ings and descriptions of the said plumb- ing and drainage shall in each case be submitted and placed on file in the de- partment of buildings, and the same shall not be commenced or proceeded with until the said drawings and descriptions shall have been so filed and approved by the superintendent of buildings. Repairs or alterations of such plumbing or drain- age mav be made without the filing and approval of drawings and descriptions m the department of buildings, but such repairs or alterations shall not be con- strued to include cases where new verti- cal or horizontal lines of soil, waste, vent or leader pipes are proposed to be used. Notice of such repairs or alterations shall be given to the said department before the same are commenced in such cases as shall be prescribed by the rules and regulations of the said department, and the work shall be done in accord- ance with the said rules and regulations. Sec. 6. Whenever any inspector or any I person reports a violation of any of said ruler, and regulations, or a deviation from ! any said drawings and descriptions filed j with and approved by the superintendent of buildings, said department shall first j serve a notice of such violation upon the plumber doing the work. Such notice i may be served personally or by mail, and if bv mail it may be addressed to such plumber at the address registered by him at the department of buildings, but the failure of an employing or master plumber to register pursuant to the pro- visions of this act will relieve the said department from th" requirement of giv- ing such notice. Unless said violation is removed or in process of removal within three days of the date of serving or mailing such notice, exclusive of the day of serving or mailing, the said depart- ment may proceed as hereinafter pro- vided. A master or employing plumber within the meaning of this act is any person who hires or employs a person or persons to do plumbing work. Sec. 7. Any person violating any of th« provisions of sections one, two and flv* of this act shall be deemed guilty of a misdemeanor, and upon conviction shall be fined for each offense in a sum not exceeding two hundred and fifty dollars, or by imprisonment for a term not ex- ceeding three months, or by both, and in addition shall forfeit any certificate of competency or registration which he may hold under the provisions thereof. Sec. 8. The attorney of said depart- ment of buildings shall prosecute all actions for injunction authorized under the provisions of this act, and shall also take charge of the prosecution of all persons under section seven thereof. Sec. 9. Nothing herein contained shall be so construed as to abrogate or im- pair any of the powers of the health de- partment of The City of New Y'ork. General Statute Relating to Plumbing and Drainage. Eiainini n K Board* of Plumber* In Cltiea. Sec. 40. The existing boards for the ex- amination of plumbers in cities of this state are continued and each shall here- after be known as the examining board of plumbers. Such board in each city shall continue to consist of five persons to be appointed by the mayor, of whom •wo shall be employing or master plumb- ers of Dot less than ten years experience n the business of plumbing and one shall be a Journeyman plumber of like experience, and *rhe other members o. such board shall be the chief inspector of plumbing and drainage of the board ol health of such city, or officer performing i ne duties of such inspector, and the designated or appointed, ihelr stu .cssors shall a* t on the examin- ing board la ihelr atead. 4 oiupeti*nf Ion of .Members of Board. Sec. 42. Tho master and Journeyman p..nu ! i serving a* members of such 1 board shall severally be paid the rate of j five dollars per day for each day’s serv- I ice when actually engaged in the per- | formance of the duties pertaining to the office; but such compensation shall not | j exceed five dollars per month in a city of 1 the third class, nor the sura of ten dol- lars per month in a city of the second 1 class, nor the sum of twenty dollars per I month in a city of the first class. It shall be the duty of such ex-officio mem- bers of the board of examiners to dis- charge their duties as members of such j board without compensation thereof. ifiiRl iflen I ion a. Sec. 43. All members of such board shall be 'ill. ten a and actual residents of the cities in which they are ap- pointed. Powtr* nnd Ditflr*. Sec. 41. The several examining hoards of plumbers shall have punor and it shall be their duty: . j. To meet at stated intervals in their respective cities; they shall also meet whenever the board of health of such city or the mayor thereof shall, in writ- ing, request them to do so. To have Jurisdietion over and to ex- amine all persons desiring or intending to engage In the trade, business, or call- ing of plumbing as employing plumbers In the Hty in which such board shall be appointed with the power of examining person* applying for certificates of com- petency as such employing or master plumbers or as Inspectors of plumbing, to determine their fltnesH and quallflca- | tions for eondueting tho business as mus- ter plumber* or to art as Inspectors of plumbing, and to l**uo certificates of , rompetency to all such persons who shall \ have passed a satisfactory examination before such board and shall be by It de- termined to be qualified for conducting Ihe business a* employing or master plumber* or competent to act as Inspect- or* of plumbing. I 3. To formulate. In conjunction wiiit the local board of health of the city or an officer, hoard, or body performing the du- ties of a board of health, a code of rule* regulating the work of plumbing »nl drainage in such city, including the ma- terials, workmanship and manner of exe- cuting such work, and from time to time to add to, amend, or alter the same. 4. To charge and collect _ from each person applying for examination the sum of five dollars for each examination made by such board, and al’ moneys so collec- ted shall be paid over by the board monthly to the chamberlain or treasurer of such city iu which such board shall be appointed. Tlxn m inntlon* : Coucl nc4 In ir Hualne** Without Ortlflcnlp I’rohihilrd. Sec. 45. A person desiring or intending to conduct the trade, business or calling of a plumber or of plumbing in a city or this state as employing or master plumber, shall lie required to submit to an examination before such examining board of plumbers as to his experience and qualification* for such trade, busi- ness or calling, and it filial l not bn law- ful in any city of this state for a person to conduct such trade, business, or call- ing. unless he shall have first, obtained a certificate of competency from such board of the city in which lie conduct* or proposes to conduct such business. neglalr* 4 Ion, When Required. See. 46. Every employing or master plumber carrying on his trade, busines* or calling in any city of this stato shall register his name and address at tho office of the board of health of the city In which he shall conduct such business, under such rules as the respective boards I of health of each of tho cities shall pro- scribe, and thereupon he shall be entitled I to rocelve a certificate of such registra- tion, provided, however, that such om- oloying or master plumber shall at. th« time of *pplylng for such registration ! held a rerMficate of competency from an ! examining board of plumber*. 4 n ncrllRl Inn «»f I4r|il*4 rn lion t lolle*. See. 47. Such reglsi ra I Ion ina>* be can- r | f*d bv such board of health for a vio- lation of th* rules «nd regulation* for the plumbing and drainage of such city i duly adopted and enforced thorcln. after 64 BUILDING AND HEALTH LAWS AFFECTING THE CITY OF NEW YORK. a hearing had before such board of health and upon a prior notice of not less than ten days stating the ground of complaint and served on the person charged with the violation, but such revocation shall not be operative unless concurred in by the local board of examiners. It shall not be lawful for any person to engage in or carry on the trade, business or calling of an employing or master plumb- er in any of the cities of this state, unless his name and address shall have been registered in the city in whitfti he carries on or conducts such business. Inspectors; Qualifications: Notice. Sec. 48. The local board of health or the commissioner or commissioners of the board of health, or the department thereof, as the case may be, shall detail, designate or appoint an inspector or in- spectors of plumbing, subject, however, to the provisions or limitations of law, regulating the appointment of such in- spectors by such commissioner or com- missioners or board or department of health of such city. All inspectors of plumbing who are detailed, designated or appointed shall be practical plumbers and shall not be engaged directly or indi- rectly in the business of plumbing dur- ing the period of their appointment. They shall be citizens and actual residents of the city in which they are appointed, and before entering upon the discharge of their duties as such inspectors, shall each be required to obtain a certificate of competency from said examining board. They shall be entitled to receive com- pensation not exceeding five dollars per day, for each day of actual service, to be fixed by the board, commission or de- partment making such appointment. Duties of Inspectors; Keports. Sec. 49. The inspector or inspectors of plumbing appointed under the provisions of the preceding sections, in addition to the duties prescribed by law, and those which may be enjoined or required by the commissioner of health, the board of health, or the health department of the city in which they shall be appointed, shall be to inspect the construction and alteration of all plumbing work per- formed in such city, and to report in writing the results of such inspection to such commissioner of health or the board of health or the health department of their respective cities. They shall also report in like manner any person en- gaged in or carrying on the business of employing plumber, without having the certificate hereinbefore provided. Expiration and Renewals of Certifi- cates and Licenses. Sec. 50. All certificates of registration issued under the provisions of the pre- ceding sections and all licenses author- izing connections with street sewers or water mains shall expire on the thirty- first daf of December of the year in which they shall be issued, and may be renewed within thirty days preceding such expiration. Such renewals to be for one year from the first day of January in each year. Notice of Violation of Rnlea. Sec. 51. Whenever any inspector or other person reports a violation of any of such rules and regulations for plumb- ing and drainage, or a deviation from any officially approved plan or specifica- tion for plumbing and drainage filed v'th I any board or department, the local board I of health shall first serve a notice of the I violation thereof upon the master plumber doing the work, if a registered plumber. Notice, How Served; Proceedings When Violations Not Removed. Sec. 52. Such notice may be served per- sonally or by mail, and if by mail it may be addressed to such master plumber at the address registered by him with the local board of health, but the failure of a master plumber to register will re- lieve any board of health from the re- quirement of giving notice of violation. Unless the violation is removed within three days after the day ot serving or mailing such notice, exclusive of the day of serving or mailing, the board of health may proceed according to law. Plumbing and Drainage to Be Exe- cuted According to Rules. Sec. 63. The plumbing and drainage of all buildings, both public and private, in each of the cities of the state shall be executexl in accordance with the rules and regulations adopted by the local board of examining plumbers, in conjunction with the board of health for plumbing and drainage, and all repairs and alterations in the plumbing and drainage of all build- ings heretofore constructed shall also be | executed in accordance with such rules and regulations; but this sedtion shall not be construed to repeal any existing pro- visions of law requiring plans for the plumbing and drainage of new buildings to be filed with any local board of health and to be previously approved in writing by such board of health and to be exe- cuted In accordance therewith, except that, in case of any conflict with such plans, rules and regulations of the board of examiners the latter shall govern. Office Room; Expenses a City Charge Sec. 54 Each of such examining boards of plumbers shall have power to procure suitable quarters for the transaction of business, to provide the necessary books and stationery, and to employ a clerk to keep such books and record the transac- tions of such board. The board of esti- mate and apportionment or the common council of a city, as the case may be, shall annually insert in their tax levy a sufficient sum to meet all the expendi- tures incurred under the provisions of this article. The expenses incurred by the several examining boards of plumb- ers in the execution and performance of the duties imposed by this article shall be a charge on the respective cities and shall be audited, levied, collected, and paid in the same manner as other city charges are audited, levied, collected and paid. Violations, How Panlshed. Sec. 55. Any person violating any of the provisions of this article, or any rules or regulations of the board of health or of the examining board of plumbers in any city regulating the plumbing and drainage of buildings in such city, shall be guilty of a misdemeanor, and on conviction, if a master plumber, shall in addition forfeit any certificate of competency or regis- tration which he may hold under the pro- visions thereof. Issne of Licenses to Connect Wltli Sewers and Water Mains, Re- stricted. Sec. 56. The commissioner of public works of any city, or the officer or officers acting in a like capacity in any of the cities of this state, and having charge of | Ihe sewers and water mains therein, shall not issue a license to any one to connect ! with the sewers or with the water mains of such cities, unless such person has ob- | tained and shall produce a certificate of competency from the examining board of such city. Article Limited. Sec. 57. Nothing in this article shall affect or supersede any provision of chap- ter eight hundred and three of the law* of eighteen hundred and ninety-six, re- lating to plumbing in The City of New York. Rule : Application for the Building of a Tenement House. Thrc ":ts of Applications The following drawings must be fur- nished: Plans of all floors, including cel- lar, basement and roof, an elevation showing heights of stories, a section showing stairs and stair-hall windows, and, if necessary, transverse and longi- tudinal sections. Also a city surveyor’s plan of the plot, showing all encroach- ments and the required information rela- tive to width and grade of street, size, location and depth of flow-line of sewer. All plans must be drawn to a uniform scale, not less than one-quarter inch to the foot, and be on linen tracing cloth oh ibe cloth prints. After approval by the Tenement House Department, one set of pans and a (certificate of approval will be at once forwarded to the Bureau of Buildings by the department. The dimensions and boundaries of each lot must be clearly marked on plans, as must, the clear measurements of all courts, yards, shafts, rooms, stairs and halls, the location of all fire escapes, and the use to which each room and the several portions of the cellar are to be put. With each application not persou- and Two Sets of Drawings 1 ally signed by the owner, must he filed a written statement (see page 8). au- thorizing the person signing this appli- cation to make such application. There- after no person other than the owner whose signature appears in the papers, or the person authorized by him as above explained, will be recognized by the de- partment. A new owner or a new archi- tect may be substituted during the prog- ress of the work only after filing a new authorization as per page 6. With each application shall also be filed a block plan, on sheet 8Vixl3V£ in. (on linen tracing cloth or cloth print), giving dimensions and boundaries of each lot. distance of same from adjacent streets, the size of the building, with general dimensions, including dimensions of all courts, yards, areas, shafts and off- sets from the same. Also the distance ot the street sewer from the building line. Its diameter, and the distance of the flow line below the curb level. Also all en- croachments upon said lot. above or be- low curb level and the grade of streets bounding such lot, with profile of same If necessary. All amendments to plans and appUca Be Filed. tions must be made on a separate blank provided for that purpose, and where changes effecting the sizes of lots, build- ings. courts, rooms, or halls are made, separate drawings showing such changes must be filed, If required by the depart- ment. Amendments must be typewritten. All important changes made in drawings ! or applications, after the date of orig- ! inal filing, must be made in red ink. and j each such change or correction dated and j initialed or signed by the person making I the same. Corrected drawings will be ! required if changes made in the opinion | of the department make same necessary. I Note.— When it is proposed to convert or alter to the purposes of a tenement house a building not erected for such purpose, the form of application used for the erection of a new tenement house must be filed in the department and must he completely filled out. Warning.— The approval of plans, pro- cured bv misrepresentation of facts or conditions, misstatements In applications or through improper action by any off! er or employee of this department, does not legalize an illegal construction, arrange- ment or condition. The Sanitary Code — Contents Sections ! Adulterations, etc *5. 68. 63 Agent*, to give Information 60 Alcoholic spirits, distilling of 34 ( Animal food, age of 63 Aalmal matter putrid, not to be thrown Into the streets, sewers, etc y • 1JJ3 mals. dangerous or offensive TO, 75 body not to be carted through the street unless covered {-> not to be kept In Infected places •- slaughtering of 8-. $•>. do t.aughtering of. prohibited below Thir- ty-ninth street not to be killed or dressed in market.. $- dead. sick and injured 1-4. 132 alck with contagious diseases to be re- report 125. 127. 130. 132 , dead, entrails, etc., of 45 i not taken to market till cool 45 not to be throw n into ' the streets, sewers etc 9S. 102, 103, 1?S not to be skinned in street 131 glue making, etc., from 91 duties of contractors for 9. 114 mad 132 I age*of. whose meat may be sold”"”!' ! 19 Butchers require permits *■> ... , ... 11*1 f j"\ e 1 1 a n ine itnn I ISO Sections Building, precaution to be observed in.. 118 Buildings, construction of, etc 16. 85. 89.91 to be ventilated, sewered, etc 16 when not to be let J* n hen to contain nothing offensive .... WJ overcrowding of *» definition ** for dwelling or lodging not allowed on same lot as slaughter-house So manufacture of illuminating gas. plans to be approved 69 for certain occupations, not to be erect- ed without permit 94 for slaughtering animals, construction. location, etc 83. 84, So contagious disease, persons sick or ex- posed not to be taken from 1“6 Burial, mode of returns of. to be made 163. 167. 179 Burial permits 163A Burning material, not to be done without permit HI Burying-places 168 persons In charge of 167. 179 Business, dangerous or detrimental to health 8S. 92 offensive, requiring permit 94 "Butcher.” meaning of 7 dead, piers and docks for 113. 114. 11 skinning, business of 90. 9! diseased or injured, to be reported. 125 127. 130 diseased 134. 125, 127. 132 Injured or diseased, how killed 129 who may Interfere with 129 dead or past recovery to be removed... 129 with hydrophobia or exposed thereto... 132 Animal substance, deposit of 190 Antitoxin 148 Apartments, when not to be occupied — 17. 18 Ash boxes 19S, 109 Ash carts, construction of 121 "Ashes." meaning of - Ash»». delivery of. to carts 110 to allow inspection 69 to give information 60 to keep places clean 85 Butchers’ Ice-boxes, refrigerators, etc 59 offal and garbage 103. 129 refuse, manner of transporting 87 Butter, unwholsesome 32 Calves, young, meat from 13 Canipe erected In city 186 Canals, flith not to be discharged into 38 Candies and confectionery 46 I Carbolic acid, sale of 67 I receptacles for 198 i Carelessness, responsibility for 8 removing of 108, 119 <~ar g„ from quarantine 153 net to be mixed with garbake 108 i Carpet beating 118 not to be sifted In street 118 | Cars, railroad, cushions 17 ’ not to be thrown Into streets or rivers. 100 persons engaged In removing. ’ 111. 114. 119. 121 from forges, etc 96 Aslatlo cholera 133. 141. 142 Authorities — public and private, to obser\c regulst'ons preventing spread of pul- aior.ary tuberculosis 138 B Barber shops, to be conducted In accord- ance with regulations 179 Basins to have proper traps 33 Bath pipes not to be connected with water closet pipes 83 Bath prom, sleeping In i IS Bathing houses at seashore 26 Baths to be trapped 33 Bedding for vessels 132. 157 etaales Cl Beverage, beer or drink 51 not to be wold In cemeteries 168 Birds 1 42 58, 89 j not sound and fresh 42, 58 1 not s>und. mode of treating 58 mode of keeping 83 offensive 128 (hat died by disease or accident c seizure of 58 noisy 18) Births, deaths and marriages I5« 162 assistants at. duties of falwt certificates of for r«rl*p of certificate* v. fife shall imp or t ....lot l.’9. HD r*f>’-rt of. to be made ....lift i*'. 141 registry of 159. 1**». Ill .159. I60 162 162 Wood not allowed to g • into sewer v *>. 103 T. oat*, for removal of garbage, not mo ored n v»re than 24 hour* 12.1 “Rosrd •• Meaning -f 1 : “Boarding-house/* meaning of 3 k<»p«r* (o report persona nick 136 I • . me some food or drinks In « privies or wattr«r|on(i for *.'9 not to he overcrowded 14 \f. be ventilated, etc • owner* of. to provide for health 121 tenant* In. 1 e«*j»*s and owner* of, to re- port persons sick it 1.V) Bone-boiling, forbidden P 0 . 9| burning, forbidden 90. 91 grinding, forbidden 90. 91 Bona*. deposit of ... . 101 transporting permit 1«1 Thread* tuff*, exposing In *(rect A Brick In §m*li . Brine not to escape Into street 102 Bronx, certain business prohibited without permit 9] Brooklyn, driving r»f rattle In .. 70 slaughtering animal* In certain business prohibited without per to bo cleaned 17.1 one In four to be closed 170 dirty clothing on 174 speed of. on curves 177 ventilator* 175 Carts for night-soil,' manure, etc, construc- tion of 121 not to stand in the street 120 nothing to escape from 121 Cats, permit to keep for sale *0 Cattle, horses, etc 73, 75 “Cattle.’' meaning of 7 Cattle overheated, diseased, or feverish... 44 diseased, to he reported 44, 58 dlseaoed to be removed from city 44 danger- us 75 In vehicles 77 not to run at large 70. 75 permit to keep 72 yarding of 73 diseased, not to be brought In 124 place of keeping 71, 72 not to bo uni* »aded In street 75 unsound, mode of treating 58 how transported 77 driving In street 70. 74. 75 inodo of keeping and slaughtering 62 not to be slaughtered south of Thirty- ninth street *4 not slaughtered without permit 83 unwholesome, seizure *»f 58 ‘•attic- yards require permit 73 Calve*, slaughter of 63 Ceilings whitewashed S3 •Veiiar," meaning of * 3 Cellars * 17. 1* liermlt to occupy as stable 7rt sleeping In 13 Cemeteries 167. 168 persons In charge f 169. 17‘» food r to be sold In 168 Cesspool* 37 not •*> lie emptied except by permit 122 contents of. not to be put Into streets .•r riv/r* 100. 104. 106 contents of. not to come within two feet offensive . 101 10 121 111 of top contents of. not to become content* of, removal of 106. 172 contents of. removal to be disinfected.. 122 biiiidlng h «-ar* Ir transporting content* of tu-r.Jw nnd stirring contents of offal ashes, garbage, etc., not to be put Into 105 not \r be filled with dirt till filth 1* re- ITK' v e4 1^4 Chets*, unwholesome 62 rblfksn* permit to keep alive 79 Chief officer* of vessels to report person slok 119.15! Children, whsjt not to attend school ... . 1 4> Chimney flues not used as ventilator* of **w*rt, etc....... 29 cholera 133, 141 < 'hurehss. dull#* of • fill er» • f w ~ *mlt 7. ’Jl Cigar factories, spittoons to be provided 17S Section*. Cinder* | from forges, factories, etc Cisterns 104. 107 “City,” etc., meaning of * Clam shells l}j Clergymen to report marriages 153 to register marriages 161 performing marriages to register name and address l^J Coal, Included In term “ashes” Coal dust 96, 118 Cocaine, sale of 152 Concert saloons 3 Condemnation of unsound food 43. 53 Confectionery 46, 68 Consignees of vessels to report persons sick. 149 Contagious and Infectious diseases, reports as to 127. 133 to 136, 137, 13S, 140, 141, 151 Contagious disease to be reported. 133, 137. 141, 144. 151 persons sick with 140, 143, 154, 15$ animals sick 1-J articles exposed to 146 children sick with, not to attend school.. 145 needless exposure to 145 duties of undertakers In cases of 141 undertakers to report 141 hospitals 14? retaining body 1®J Contractors for night-soil, offal, garbage, etc., duties of 113, 114 for cleaning streets S9 to comply with Code J Corpses 163, 167, 168 Cows :•••• 72> veterinary certificate required 1-4 Cream, adulterated *>7 permits “J sterilized cleaning of bottles, cans, etc 183 Crematories Croton water not to be interfered with...... r;4 Croup, a communicable disease 133. 141 Curb-stones 41 Day nurseries r* Dead bodies, interments, sextons 16<. 1.0 not to be exposed where death from contagious disease 141, 143 not to be buried without permit 167 to be reported 166, liO not to be transported without permit.. 163 not to b*> unduly retained or exposed. 164, 165 Dead animals not to be thrown Into streets, etc to be removed to be reported J30 certain to have tag y l-’6 Deaths, marriages and births 158, 162 false certificates of 162 forgeries of certificates 162 whose duty to report 158. 159, 160 report of. to be made 159, 160, 161. registry of 159, 160, 161 Decoctions Definitions U J “Department.” meaning of Diphtheria antitoxin 148 Diphtheria, a communicable disease 133 Dirt and filth 87, 100, 111, 123 “Dirt," meaning of 2 Dirt, where not to be deposited Ill not to He piled or raked up In street — 114 not to be thrown into streets or rivers... 109 dock* for 113.115 In street 117 removal of 121 person* engaged In transporting list “Disease. ” contagious, meaning of fi Infectious or pestilential 5 Disease. specific name and type of. to be reported 135 certain to l»e reported 133, 137 Infection*, contagious and communicable 133 Isolation rooms 140 when persons sick to he removed 139 contagious, persons sick of a, to be re- ported 133 to 137 contagl -us. persons sick of a. not to he exposed or removed without permit..,. 14.1 Dlsea^*, contagious, articles exposed to, 162 164, 166 persons exposed to 141 exposure to 143. 145 Diseased animals 124, 175 Diseased animals, to he reported 130 Disinfection < f Infected premises 14$ Dispensary, to report certain diseases 134 to report tuberculosis 138 Distilleries require uertnlt f)4 Docks for nffnl and night-soil Ill, 113, 123 vessels not to go to without permit 115 Dogs, noisy biting nny person to he surrendered ni permit to keep for sale no Drain pipes In relation to joints, connee- tlon*. size of. eto 30, 31. ?1 Drain materials and eonnsctlons not b* used or made 34, 36 66 BUILDING AND HEALTH LAWS AFFECTING THE CITY OF NEW YORK. Sections. Drains ge, airangement of j" to be adequate 2 ' not to discharge Into streams Drink and food 42, 60 , t>8 Drinks, poisonous, deleterious, or adul- terated 4* dangerous or detrimental to life or health 5} Drinking-hydrants •• Drugs, medicines, adulterations and poi- sons 6o-69. IF 2 Drugs 65, 66 , 67, 69, 18- adulterated 69 how marked and sold 65. 66 , 69, 1S2 Ducks ••• Dust from factories. 115 Dwellings, lodging houses and other build- Ings Eggs «. «. 4SA for sale — Elevated railroad stations and spitting in... in Emigrant vessels, bedding from lj>2 Enforcement of ordinances It, Bn trails of dead animals Excavations “J- Exposure to disease 14a, 14» Factory refuse J* False statements Jo Farcy, animals sick with li-’o, 1-T Fat only fresh, to ho boiled or rendered.. 95 not to be brought Into city to be rendered " rendering of 91, _ 93-9, > Fat-boiling 91 > 90 to be in steam-tight vessels oj odors in to ba destroyed 9 J to be free from offense.. 9> Feathers Feet of dead animiils 4> Fence, for lots and excavations *16 Fertilizers, manufacture of 91 Fevers Filling grounds, etc 99 Filth and dirt S7. 100. 111. I— Filth not to escape into street 102, 1-1 '•Fish.'’ meaning of - ® Fish-boiling 9 ? Fish when for sale not fresh or sound 48. eS that died by disease or accident « mode of keeping f? not to be exposed, etc., outside of shops 4.-> unsound. modd of treating 58 false label or statement as to 48. <-3 offensive 58, 128 Flagstones 40, 41 Food for drink -42-W unwholesome meager or sickly 43, 47 not to be made and sold under false names 90 not to be sold in cemeteries los not to bo taken to market till coo! 4 ' unwholesome, deleterious or adulterated CS false label or statement as to 48, CS unsound, mode of treating 58 Forges Fowls, not sound and fresh oS not sound mode of dealing with 68 mode of keeping s - offenslve as, 12: that died by disease or by accident — 43 perinit to keep — ••• <» Fruit 42, 49, 68 Funerals— Contagious diseases 141, 14- Pui naces 99 • 'Garbage, " meaning of . Garbage, not to fall or be thrown into streets rivers, etc where not to b e deposited PS, docks for 113. 115, not to he heaped together in street boxes to be covered 109, 109. 120, receptacles not to be Interfered with., to lie received and transported as ap- proved by Board of Health not to be mixed with ashes, etc how transported refnoyal of delivery of carts persons engaged in transporting — 114. duties of contractors for ....9, loading and unloading turning and stirring deodorlzatlon of Garbage carts, construction of how managed Carbagc scows, management of Gas from factories, etc offensive, dangorrus or prejudicial" to life or health, not to bo made Gas tar not to escape Gasworks odors from, to be prevented Glanders 125. Gluemaking Liquid, noxious or stinking Liquid refuse not to be mixed with ashes or rubbish receptables for removal of how transported 16S. not to spill or leak turning or stirring Liquids, offensive S3. 1C2, not to be discharged into harbor, etc.. false statements as to Lobster shells "Lodging heuse,” meaning of Lodging houses 19. 21, food in not to be overcrowded privies for 1 tenants, lessees, owners, etc., of. to re- port persons siek in Lodging houses walls and ceilings to be whitewashed Lodging house keepers to report sick persons Lots, vacant to be provided with proper tight board fence, etc below grade Section? refuse to be removed from 94 Manure not to be thrown into street* or rivers K ’0 Manure, persons engaged in transporting.97, 119 carts, boxes, etc 320 to be removed 37 care in transporting 97, 12J where not to be deposited 100 , 111 handling of 97 loading and unloading 311 turning and stirring Ill docks for US, 115 "Market, private.” meaning of 7 Markets, unsound and unwholesome articles not to be kept in 43 to be kept cleanly 43 refrigerators in 60 animals not to be killed or dressed in.. S 3 Marriages, births and deaths 153, lb.' false certificates of 16' forgeries of certificates ... m persons who perform to register name and address ijj report of, to be made 159, l‘i registry of Masters of vessels to report 149, t ’ Matter, filthy j< : . Measles, a contagious disease . 12 "Meat,” meaning of t when for sale > unsound or unwholesome 42 , 43 , 4 $ , : - of animals that died by disease or acci- dent 4 . not to go to market till cool 4 ' keeping and slaughtering, mode of 52 not to be taken to market till certain things done 4 ; false statement of label as to 4 S to be kept clean and wholesome 49 offensive 128 not to be hung. etc., in street 4? buildings where treated, how constructed 5" unsound, mode of dealing with.. Is Medicines 65, 66 , *9, l'i not to bo sold under false name r poisonous i« Merchandise, damaged, not to be exposed. 1 'S Midwives 139, 1,4 lying-in hospital 3Si Milch-cows i:< Milk bottles, cleaning of ]V| Milk, condensed 55 , 64 Milk dealers to allow inspection and give information . iW Milk, false label or statement as to <4 unwholesome. Impure and adulterated. 52, 63, 65 " designation of 56 a Pasteurized 56b permits off seizure of adulterated 54 sterilized swill 6 :. Milk, cleaning of bottles and cans, etc.,.. IF Mineral waters, filing name of, etc 59 Misfeasance and nonfeasance * Mules 7v M Mad animals Magistrates to report, etc., marriages.... who perform marriages to register.... "Manager." meaning of Managers of institutions to report sick per- son* 334, Manhattan. 110 cattle driving in slaughtering in "Manufactory." meaning of Manufactories 19. 29. 22. 59, no overcrowding of waterclotets for. to be provided temperature of fcr e *oerta*n purposes not to be es- tablished N Negligence Night-soil docks and piers for 113, contractors for 9, handling of care in removal of not to run into streets or grounds not to come within two feet of top.... not to lie in street to be disinfected carts mode of using cartB for Noises Nonfeasance and misfeasance Notice of change of sewer connection Notices not to be torn down or mutilated-. Nuisance 19. 13 to be abated within time specified not to he permitted 38. Nurseries, day Nurses 169, 16v, 155 134 111 114 1-4 104 111 322 121 121 ISO 0 Obedience* to ordinances * "Occupant.” meaning of ’ liability of 13 Occupations detrimental to health, or dan- gerous 88, 89, s'* Odors and liquids, offensive ..8$. 99, 111 Offal, docks for 113 docks for. vessels not to go to 1 not to He in streets J:< contractors for 114 loading and unloading Ill handling of Si. 57 boiling m not to be thrown into aewers, streets. rivers etc S3. 1U2 how managed 129 construction of carts, etc., for 171 where not to be deposited 311 care In transporting 120 persons engaged In transporting 114, 119 to Iw conveyed In tight vessels 67 Offensive material. »S. 192. 103, 104. 105. Ill, 120. W. 12! trades 58 "Officer." meaning of 1 Officers of vessels to report 149, 161, 162, 15-' oil-boiling 9? Omissions ...-9. J’ Orders to be observed H Ordinances, obedience to 9, 11. 14 Osteopaths 1654 "O " meaning of * duties of “** I l il > AMl ARY CODE <57 ■ tswii ms i owner end tinul jointly and severally liable 13 Owners of vessels to report persons and , articles from infected places 113. 151 Owners of boarding and lodging houses to _ report persons sick 15*. IS 1 ' Oyster shells H« saloons 11 - i Ojstere. pertr.its for sale 1*5 "fart; . ‘ i..tamng of J 1 . J en.nt." meaning of , 1 I Permit obtained by false statements -•> Permit to remove persons sick of cot:- _ vaglous disease , articles exposed to contagion i 4 for burial Wi 163A -3; Connecticut Ksw Jersey M- to remove bodies -* to neposlt n-anure, oKui, etc y 1 reep swine and goats to :nrd cattle, swine, sheep, goals and _ horses, ducits. geese or fowl? 2. *»>■ o land rags, hides, etc 8 *-. for salugbter houses — Jr ■ > occupy street or sidewall! rl ' fop scavengers 116. 1 — for persons engaged in transporting manure, swill, offal ’•* f,r persons engaged lit transporting ashes, garbage 134 . empty vaults, sinks, privies and cess- ^ ■ > unload cattle, etc.. In streets . jfees not to be slaughtered without... Sections. eentents ef. not »o run late streets or on grounds M4, I'- 1 ® contents of, not to come within two fee: of top , contents ef. not to become offensive. 1M. JO- turning ami stirring coptenls of.... '!> to be disinfected — ‘ ashes, aarbage. offal, etc., not to be put Into t lbs. etc., i:l, to be tigi.; to bo provided ! i certain building! gases from Public funeral ■'Public place,” meaning of ...ill. . 10 - | 104 I a> •.o I 142 111 75 tjuari vessels y.. sc:..« » .1 '-'l- ‘®* that have been in. require permit Queens, driving cattle in, etc , y; burying body in — 23s certain business In. prohibited without permit *1 >2&ga nut tr t>r uni Kailroad cars to no dirty clothing in P.ai.rosd cars, speed of, ou curves ventilators station*, spieling iti Rain water leade- ... Ualn water, not to er.t.-r building.. itecepla.’.les in priv •*. for ashes to be • f m l.i for garbage, ashes, etc for garbage, ashes, etc., not t Section. Sheds, ovster ant dam — 13- Shops ... ....98, 11 1> Sick persons. re mo al of 143, 154, 15“ report of , ...135, 14t>. b> ! Sidewalks <1> J Ice and wafer not fo be on f s not to be obsti dieted — SI, }* no animal or vehicle to t.a ♦*. ■* o ’js kept in good condilhs* ,,,——.499 41 Sir.it*. contents of, not lo be put into jtree'.a or rivers .— .lOU, in* to have proper traps w not la bs emptied except by permit.... 122 distraction of 3 ~ I contents ef. not to run Into streets or grounds - 100 , lflt contents of. riot lo came within two feet of top 194 not Co become offensive ....... ........ 101 to bo disinfected 125 <-K-e hi transporting contents of iutr.lr.ff and stilling contents of not ;o be filled with dirt till emptied of filth 1«4 offal, ashes, garbage, etc., not lo b* pul ' . 1« Shinning animate, business of 89 Skins lor Skylight, repairing of . 2i S 111 , . . » ». •> 152 tjkyhght, repairing of 1 V M „ l. ' C ‘ • .. . Slaughter-houses S3. S. be Cleaned dad; :« biood, etc., from *,*>■■ id? ii ..... ii' . on eidewai! milk, cleaning of. „ Refuse material . I Refrigerators, drain pipe 54, . > certain connections not to be made * ill yy.yyy.y. i-i* 33 24 1 W MS lot., remain MS 1S3 Ml east side, u^W*rt oSl „ SSSiS-- refSi::: 87 ! Registry of births, marriages and death... inter dean 142 i t • open burying ground ■ • to open vault, etc i use street sweeping* for filling m lot. etc . open ground containing offensive matter ■ to collect bones, etc., slid transport same • > stand cars loaded with to born straw and other « deposit dirt, etc., tn 6 treet o have offensive material deposited during accumulation Jll >i transport offer. slve mallei 113 to melt or render fat 97 t j suit or render tallow o melt or render lard «> to remove contents of vault, etc 122 | to use well water 63 to land and drive cattle 76, 7o to vard horses, shee)i. etc 75 I io lead cattle through street... .......74. 7.7 | to drive sneep through street 70, 74 jss | ‘‘Regulation,’ r.S. 1:79, 160 J meaning of 1 14s ; Regulations, special, to be observed. Relapsing fever contagious.. Rendering to \*> of only fresh material... to be in steam-tight vessels.... odors in, to be destroyed, to bo inoffensive 11 123 93 HU . to bo inoffensive ^ •>< manure Ill .‘•Report," meaning or... -it . ••••• •• 1 material 1H Reports required 133, 127, 130, 132. 13,., 354, reel 117 135, 12S, 187. IS*. 3 40, 141, 144. 140, 1 .0, 161, rial deposited 779. 160, 161, 166, lit must be clean woodwork iu construction of — r ove south of Thivlv-ninth street, west side not lo be dwellings — require permit - blood, offal, etc., in none below Forty-third slreei Manhattan I approval of plane . Slaughtering rattle, mode of .. in Brooklyn not to be done in market below Thirty-ninth street requires permit of horses Smail-pos 135, 136, 137, 140, HI, 142, Suipke-houSe Smoke from factories, etc. Smoking tn subways Soda water, syrup or liquids Soil pipes in relation lo joints, connections, sice, etc., of 30, 31, 82, S3 $ Si 54 M ^»l 14 S3 Reservoirs Richmond, driving cattle, etc., in..... certain business prohibited in without permit ®1 i Rivers, drainage into -a, ICO substances not to be thrown into 166 Roof, repair of j'4 straw, eto., not to ho placed on Ill Room*, when not to be occupied J4 no offensive thing to he in 167 " Rubbish. " meaning of 2 > keep live chickens 7® | Rubbish not to be thrown Into streets or keep cats, dogs or birds for sale kr 0 keep pigeons In built up portion* of city f rr lodging house 21 for srnok* houee ’6 for day nursery 2 f ir bathing establishment 26 for mineral waters S» f ir slaughter houses J* •table In cellar f*J«j statement for 17 .•tuning — l for sale of milk 66 1 aid wive* 1S4 ’.ying-m hospital* . - 1 M Person. '' meaning of *rso-i to report contagious disease 177 PtMMl. sal* of ® 7 ?hyji'.:*n.” meal. Ing of „ Physician, to keep registrj - of births and deaths 159. 16) to repot t birth* and deaths 137. 141 death* by contagious disea** 127 uanie and type cf due as- 137 what Included In term R to rtgMler name and reslden-e ..160 •o report perrons s. k cf contanglou* •Ueeaee 157. 14' r sr* manure, etc., nor to be deposited on 111 for offal, e'.o . rot to he obstructed. 113. 117 for night *oil 113 Plgoons. permit to keep. In built up por- tions of city II, Mg-pea* *7 Pig*, young, meat of 4 '} Rigs not to run at large 7.< unloading In street ■! slaughter of driving 111 Street 76. Pipes waste ot sol!, to be ventilated wasi*. soil and veal, length, diametei. rivers 760 to he bundled or secured 10S vot to lie mixed with guriago, eto 108 not to lie plied or raked in street 114 removal of 110 lumlng and stirring IU • lellverv or, to carts 110 vans for. how manage il ICO construction of — 121 contractors for Iff docks for .....113, 11T, oenions engaged In transporting . , . .114, 119 boxes 16* Rubella. • contagion* dtrem* Saloons, Hund .. Sanitary • meaning of and persons tonne' led iBerewllli. Xi 14 c.tde, compliance witii Sanllaiv aupeilnteudotit. may g.'e permit to lelaio body in cane of death from contagious discaso 163 « iperln'cndent may tause removal of »!ck person 129 superintendent condemning unwholesome Scarlet fever, a contagious lilre.ise 153 .Scavengers, per.nlls of : 114 i boiiinc School* I"' | yrvlll m|. Ic flclc children not to attend 1* School-sinks jj Scouring establishment* ^ i4>v>w». gsrb.ige )’-5 ! not to bo used as vent or drain pipes., materials and connections r.ot to be used or made i> length and diameter, etc... — , 3‘ ventilation of ^ ■’Special regulations," meaning of Special regulations to be observed .,.,....11, 17 Spirits elooholic, distilling of *' Spitting upon floors of publio buildings and places ..—.'.M la printing offices 17* cigar manufactories 174 on elevated rallroade. etc 17.' clablea — 6. to be liopt clean 7t, 9 qnimals In 1*” In ceUiir, pein.it for 7* infeo'cd. no animal to bo 1:opl In...... 7 ?Ialrs of elevated railroads, spitting oh.... 1.. fitolia. etc.. In market to be clean In Stations of elevated uilroads, spltllug ou 17 > Steam from factories 9« fltraw fivm emigrant vessel* IS.' u.«ed as lvddlng not to he placed In atrftel. or burnt Ul ‘’Street,” meaning of * Slieot*. certain articles not to be shaken or exposed in 10’ mode of cleaning 39 dirt, brick, etc., in 117 offensive substances falling in to be replaced Iti offensive substances not to be deposited In 160. 102, M4 •draw, eto.. not to be dried in 11 1 not to be obstructed 7* 47 d t, t or rubbish not to lio plied or raked up In Ii4 3 - Surf bathing t' re tot to be dtecliarged Hewer*. *o’.H rr.st’er not to pa»* into... 59 pilvate, gaies from — Hewer*, lo be ffusi.a I tiom construction and cgi* of Haw*.- ventilations, ina'erlals ewd connec- tion* not to I n used or made •J), 95 biller and che*»e from Km | twins not to so at Urge 7.. unloading m * reel 7fc places where kept lo be clean p; not to h* yarded without permit 7't »lck. not to brought In...... 134 *1* ight«r if »» T i'l'Ougbt hito tin to have no'hlng offensive on them 167 ^r.nclpai* of Institution* to report p»:*t>i,» sick ; <6 Trinting officer, spittoon* to be rrovitjaa — hi thv i»», content* of. lo: to be left la *'.r«e * or live:* MO. 7’4. 1 * not to be srr.ptled. eivtp*. fcy ptrnil*. • 1 rcjistragdfea ef so: f. b* “Riled wdib Hr’ III z **1117 ., I I • . 144 , i«ex“one-od for human beings, at any place in said city; and all fish and meat found therein shall be deemed to be j therein and held for such sale or con- sumption as such food, unless the con- trary be distinctly proved. Sec. 7. The word "cattle” shall be held | to Include all animals, ^except birds, fowl. ' and fish, of which any part of the body Ms used as food; the word “butcher” shall j be held to Include whoever is engaged in [i he business of keeping, driving, or slaughtering any cattle, or In selling any !meat; the words “private market" shall ; include every store, cellar, stand, and I place (not being a part of a public mar- i itet) at which the business is the buying, .selling, or keeping for sale, of meat. fish. S or vegetables for human food. I Mlnfemnnoe uml Nonfeasance. Sec. 8. No person shall carelessly or negligently do or devise or contribute lo the doing of any act or thing dangerous to the life, or detrimental to the health of any human being; nor shall any per- son knowingly do or advise or contribute to the doing of any such act or thing (noc ! actually authorized by law), except with Justifiable motives, nnd for adequate rea- sons; nor shall any person omit to do any act, or to take any precaution, rea- sonable and proper, to prevent or remove danger or detriment to ibe life or health of any human being. OI*e«llen«-r in Ordinance* and Itegn- In t iunn. Sec. 9. Fvery contractor In these ordinance* referred to, and every person who ha* contracted or undertakes, or Is bound lo do, or Is engaged In doing anr one of the things. In respect of which these ordinance-* contain provisions or regulations, shall (oinpJy with the** ordinances, to the extent that any con- tract, obligation, or duty requires or per- mit*; and no direction of any ronraeror* or persons shall excuse him for a noq- conipliance with any of sal t ordinance*. Sec. lo. If In hereby declared to tie th- duty of every owner mid part oviv-r ntol 1 person Interest fd, and cf ever) l-s* j. BUILDING AND HEALTH LAWS AfHisC’l 1NG "i'Hc oti V Or aLV. YORK, tenant, and occupant of or in any place, water, ground, room, stall, apartment, building, erection, vessel, vehicle, matter, and thing in The City of New York, and of every person conduct- 'll; or interested in business therein or thereat, and of every person who has undertaken to clean any place, ground or street therein, and of every person, pub- lic officer and department having churge <•£ any ground, place, building or erection i herein, to keep, place and preserve the same and the sewerage, drainage and ventilation thereof in such condition, and to conduct the same In such manner, that it shall not be a nuisance or be dangerous or prejudicial to life or health. The term '‘building” as used in this section, in- cludes a railway car, booth, tent, shop or other erection or enclosure. Sec. 11. Every person shall observe and obey each and every special regulation and every order of this board, that is or may be made, for carrying into effect any of the ordinances or powers hereinbefore or hereinafter contained, or any law of this state or otherwise, -whether issued directly by the board, or promulgated by any bureau charged therewith, as if j the same had been herein inserted at ] engtb. Sec. 12. No person shall omit or refuse to comply with, or resist, any of the pro- visions of the sanitary code, or any of the rules, orders, sanitary regulations or or- dinances established or declared by this board under or pursuant to any of the provisions of the seventy-fourth chapter of the Laws of 18.66; or of chapter six hundred and eighty-six of the Laws of 1866; or of chapter nine hundred and fifty-six of the Laws of 1867; or of chap- ter three hundred and thirty-five of the Laws of 1873; or of chapter seven hun- dred and fifty-seven of the Laws of 1873; or of chapter six hundred and thirty-six of the Laws of 1874; or of chapter three hundred and seventy-eight, of the Laws of 1897; or of chapter four hundred and sixty-six of the Laws of 1901; nor shall any person refuse or neglect to comply with any of the provisions of the said laws in so far as the same are now in force and applicable to The City of New York; or omit or refuse or neglect the execution of any order or special regula- tion of this department; no person shall interfere with or obstruct any inspector of this department when making the in- spections or examinations ordered by ibis hoard, or when executing its orders. Sec. 13. The owner, lessee, tenant, and occupant of any building or premises, or of any part thereof, where there shall be a nuisance, or a violation of any or- dinance or section of the saniiary cede, shall be Jointly and severally liable i herefore and each of them may be re- quired to abate the nuisance, or comply with the order of the board of health ir. respect to the premises, c? the part ’hereof, of which such person is owner, lessee, tenant or occupant. Sec. 14. Whenever a nuisance in any placs or upon any premises in The City of New York shall have been found or declared by resolution of the board of health to exist, and an order shall have been made directing the owner, lessee, tenant or occupant of such premises to make suitable and necessavy repairs or improvements, or to abate the said nui- sance, such repairs or improvements shall be made and such nuisance shall be fully abated within the time specified in and by said order. False Statemenu, Sec. 15. No person shall make any false or untruthful statement in any applica- tion for a permit from the board of health. Dwelling's. l.oilaiiiit-llmiiiM and Other BnfldinK«, Ventilation. Drainage and Plumbing:. Sec. 1G. No person shall hereafter erect, or cause to be erected, or convert- ed to a new purpose by alteration, any building or structure or change the con- struction of any part of any building by addition nr otherwise, so that it, or any part thereof, shall he inadequate or de- fective in respect to strength, ventilation, light, sewerage, or any other usual, prop- er, or necessary provision or precaution for the security of life and health; and do person shall make or use a smoke house or room or apparatus for smoking meat, without a permit from the board of health, and subject to the conditions thereof; nor shall the builder, owner, les- see, tenant or occupant of any such, or of any other building cr structure, cause or allow any matter nr things to Vie or to be done in or about any such building or j structure dangerous or prejudicial in life i or health. Sec. 17. No owner or lessee of any building, or any part thereof, shall lease or let or hire out or allow the same or any portion thereof to be auy person or allow any one to dwell or lodge therein, except when said building or such parts thereof are sufficiently lighted, ventilated, provided and accom- modated. and are in all respects in that condition of cleanliness and wholesome - ness for which this code or any law of this state provides, or in which they cr keeping, hire, or assist in hiring, or con- duct the business of any such lodging- house, or the lodgings therein, except pursuant to the terms and conditions of such permit. The beds in all lodging- houses and in every room in which beds are let for lodgers shall be separated by a passageway of not less than two feet, horizontally, and all the beds shall be so arranged that under each of them the air shall freoly circulate and there shall be adequate ventilation. Four hundred cubic feet of air space shall be provided and allowed for each bed or lodger. Lodging-houses shall b» conducted in accordance with rules and regulations adopted from time to time by the Board of Health and which are hereby made 'a part thereof. See, 22. Every owner, lessee, tenant and occupied by j manager of any boarding house or manu- factory, shall cause every part thereof and its appurtenances to be put, and shi .11 thereafter cause the same to be kept, in a cleanly and wholesome condition, and shall cause every room, thereof in which any person may sleep, dwell, or work, to be adequately lighted and ventilate L and, if the same be a manufactory, shall either of them require any such premises cause every part thereof in which an' to be kept. Nor shall any such person j parson may work, to be maintained at jpt. rent, let. lure out or allow, having power to prevent the same, to be used as or for a place of ^looping or residence, any portion or apartment, of any building, which apa Ament or portion has not ’it such temperature, and be provided with such accommodations and safeguards, as not, by reason of the want thereof, or of anything about the condition of such man- ufactory or its appurtenances, to cause least two feet of its height and space i auy unnecessary danger or detriment to above the level of every part of the side- walk r 3.1 durbstono of any adjacent street nor of which the floor is damp by reason of water from the ground, or which is impregnated cr penetrated by any offen- ivo gas, smell or exhalation prejudicial the life or health of any person h properly therein or thereat. Sec. 23. All filthy and dirty walls and ceilings of any building, including tb“ walls and ceiling of the cellar thereof, shall be thoroughly cleaned and white to health. But this section shall not washed whenever required by the board prevent the leasing, renting or occupan- cy of cellars or rooms less elevated than aforesaid, and as a part of any building rented or let, when they are not let or intended to be occupied or used by any person as a. sleeping apartment, or as a principal or sole dwelling apartment. Sec. 33. No person having the right an;’ power to prevent the same shall know- ingly cause or permit any person to s', rp or remain in any cellar, or in any bath- of health. See. 24. The roofs and skylights o? all buildings shall be kept in a condition of j good repair so that rain water aball no- enter the building. Sec. 25. No master or teacher, or man- ■ ager of or in any school, public or pri- | vate, or of or in any Sunday school or j gymnasium, or the officers or managers | thereof, or officers or managers or per- sons having charge of any place of publ. of a want of ventilation or dra :cr.- water cfoset.T iT^S i sbaH s .°, tar OOJit or aa ' c - ’ duty or reasonable care or precaution re- specting the safety or health of any . 4 , , , ) scholar, pupil, or attendant, or respeet- by reason ol tne presence of anv po.r-en- *1 * .. j * ,, * 1 , mg the temperature, ventilation, or clean- ous. noxious, or offensive odors or sub- , ■ ~ * . . , , stance or otherwise I l!EBSS or strangth of any church ' hal1 of Bta e ’, ... I worship, school-house, school-room, or Sec. It. -'•o owner, lessee, or keeper of j place of practice or exercise, or relative any tenement house, lodging house, bo ird- j anything appurtenant thereto, as tha ing house or man;, artory, snail cause nr j reason 0 f such neglect or omission, the life or health of any person shall suffer a'.Jew the same fo he overcrowded or cause or allow so great a number of pe-- eons to dwell, be. or sleep in anv such house, or any portion thereof, as l:.ar Ay to cause any danger or detriment to life or health. Sec. 20. Every owner, lessee, keeper or manager of any tenement house, boarding house, lodging bouse, dwelling bexae or manufactory shall provide, or cause to o" provided, fog tho accoiumodat ion thereof and for the use of the tenants, boarde. ... man inch lodgers dwellers or workers thereat. | jj E£ adequate privies or water closets, and the same shall be properly ventilated, and shall at all tim’s he kept in sum to be offensive or dangerous or dotri- cleanly and wholesome condition as r.oi mental to life or health. And no offen- sive smell or gases, from or through my outlet or sewer, or through any such privy or water closet, shall be allowed by any person aforesaid to pass into such house or incur any avoidable peril or detrimen:, and no day nursery shall be conducted in The City of New York without a perm-.: from the board of health. Sec. 26. Every keeper or proprietor i ' a hotel or boarding house, and every other person having for use a bathing- house upon any beach or shore of the ocean, lor the accommodation of his guests or other persons for pay. shall pro- vide for the safety of such bathers two of sound, serviceable and strong ia or hemn rope, uot less than one in diameter, anchored at some paint above high water, at the same distance apart as the line of bathing-houses, or apace fronting on such beach occupied by him is in width; and from the two point* at which such life lines are so anchored such line shall be made to extend as fjr into the surf as bathing ia ordinarily sere and free from danger of drowning to par- of any pari thereof, or into any other soas „ ot expert in swimming, and at such I house or buildin] Sec. 21. For all lodging-hour ce in The City of New York containing rooms in which there are more than three beds for the use of lodgers or in which more than sis persons are allowed to sleep, a permit from the Board of Health shall be required, and no person shall have, lease, let or keep any such lodging-house or the lodging* therein, or outlet in ‘h* points of safety such lines shall be an- chored and buoyed. Prom the two point* of such lines so extended, anchored and buoyed, a third line shall be extender', connecting the two extremities, and buoyed at such points as to bo principally above the surface of tho water, thereby inclosing a space witbln such lines and the beach within which bathing Is be- ’•---l to b» s?Je. Brvy k59P«r or THE SANITARY CODE. proprietor or ocher such person shall anse to be painted and put up In some prominent place upon the beach, near such bathing-houses, the following words.. Bathing beyond the lines dangerous. Such lines so placed, anchored and buoyed, and such notice so put up, snai continue and be so maintained by every such keeper, proprietor or other person during the entire season of surf bathing. The owner of a bathing-house shall uot be subject to the provisions of this sec- tion where it Is used, occupied or main- tained by a lessee for hire, but such lessee shall be deemed the keeper or pro- prietor thereof. No bathing establish- ment shall be maintained in The City oi New York or along the water front of said city without a permit from the board of health. sewerage and Drainage. Sec. 27. Every person using, making, or having any dralu, soil-pipe, passage or . onnectlon between any sewer (or wltn iuy river or other body of water) and any ground, building, erection, or place oi business, and In like manner every" owner or tenant of any grounds, buildings oi erections, and every person interested m such place of business or the business thereat, and in like manner every board, department, officer, and person (to the ex- tent of the right and authority of each), shall cause and require such drain, soil- pipe passage and connection to be at all lime’s adequate for its purpose, and to convey and allow, freely and entirely, to pass whatever enters or should enter tne came; and no change shall be made of the drainage, sewerage, or the sewer connec- tion of any bouse or premises, involving changes In the drainage, sewerage, or "ewer connection of any other house or premises, unless at least thirty days uotice thereof In writing shall lia\e been previously given to this department, and 10 the owner or occupant of the premises affected by such change. Sec 28. It shall be the duty of all boards, departmeius. officers, and persons having power and authority so to do or require (and to the extent thereof) to cause sufficient water to be used, and ocher adequate means to be taken, so that whatever substances may enter any seW er shall pass speedily along and from the same, and sufficiently far into some water or proper reservoir, that no accu- mulations shall take place, and no exhala- tions proceed therefrom, dangerous or nrejudic'al to life or health. Sec 29. No brick, sheet metal, or earthenware material or chimney flue shall oe used as a sewer ventilator, or to ventilate any trap, drain, soli or waste ^'see 30. The soil, waste and vent pipes In an extension to any building must be extended above the roof of the main building if within thirty feet of the front or rear windows of the main building or of an adjoining building, or If so located »s to cause a nuisance. Sec. 31. All Joints In Iron drain pipes, soil and waste pipes, must be tilled with oakum an 1 lead and hand caulked so as to make them gas-light. All connections of lead with iron pipes must be made with a brass sleeve or ferrule of the same size as the lead pipe, put in the hub of the branch of 'he iron pipe, and caulked with lead The lead pipe must be atached to the ferrule by a wiped or overcast Joint. \U connections of lend waste and vent- pipes shall be made by means of wiped joints. . „ Sec 32. All house drains, waste, soil and vent pipes, traps, and water pipes In any building and premises shall at all rimes be kept In good order and repuli *o that no gases or odors shall escape therefrom and so that the same shall nut leak. , , . Hec. S3- Every water-closet, urinal, sink, basin, wash-tray, bath and every tub or set of tubs and hydrant waste pipe must be separately and effectively trapped; except where a sink and wash tubs immediately adjoin each other. In which case the waste pipe from the tubs mny be connected with the Inlet «Mq of the sink trap. Traps must he placed a» near the fixtures as practicable, and :n no case shall a trap be more than two feet from the fixture. Iu no case shall tn waste from a bath tub or other fixtuic be connected with a water-closet trap. * trap vent pipe shall be used as a wa or soil pipe. Sec. 34. No drain pipe from a retngei ator shall be conuected with the soil waste pipe, but it shall discharge into properly trapped, sewer-connected, uat supplied, open sink. No overflow P P from a tank shall discharge into any sou or waste pipe or water-closet trap, into the drain or sewer, but it may dis- charge upon the roof or into an open water-supplied tank. Sec. 35. Rain water leaders shall De sound, tight and adequate for their pur- pose and shall not be used as soil, waste or vent pipes, or be connected therewith, nor shall any soil, waste or vent pipe De used as a leader. Wheu within the house the leader must be of cast Iron, with leaded Joints; when outside of the house and connected with the house drain It must be trapped beneath the ground or just inside of the wall, the trap being arranged in either case so as to prevent freezing. In every case where a leader opens near a window or a lightshart, it must be properly trapped at its base The joint between a cast iron leader ana the roof must be made gas and water tight by means of a bras3 ferrule and lead or copper pipe properly connected. Sec. 36. The waste or soil pipe in every lodging house, or other dwelling in The City of New York shall be ventilated by extending the same by means of a pipe of the same size to the height of not less than two feet above the roof of the ^'sec!* 1 37. No privy vault, or cesspool, shall be allowed to remain on any prem- ises or shall be built in the City of New York unless when unavoidable. The sides and bottom of every privy vault, cesspool, or school-sink in the City of New \ 01 '* must bo impermeable, and secure against any saturation of the walls or the ground above the same, unless otherwise allowed bv a permit in writing from the Board of Health. No water-closet or privy vault shall be constructed without adequate provision for the effectual and proper ventilation and cleansing thereof. Sec 38. No person, persons, company or corporation shall cause, permit or al- low any sewage, drainage, factory refuse or anv foul or offensive liquid or other material to flow, leak, escape or be emptied or discharged Into the waters of any river, stream, canal, harbor, bay or estuary, or Into tho sea within the city limits, excepting under low water mark and In such manner and under such conditions that uo nuisance can or shall be caused thereby or as a result thereof. Street Druinnue. Sec 39. Every person, when cleaning any street, shall clean, and every con- tractor shall cause to be cleaned, the gutters and parts ot tho street along which tho water will run, before using any water to wash the same; and no substance that could be before scraped away shall be washed or allowed to bo carried or be put Into the sewer, or Into any receptacle therewith connected. Sec 40 No persou being owner, lessee, , tenant or occupant of any building or | premises, shall allow any water or other liquid to run from or out of such build- 1 lng or premises upon or across any side - walk or curbstone, and if such substance Is allowed to pass Into any street. It must reach the same by a passage, to be kept at all time adequate and In repair, under or through such flagstone or curbstone; and no water or other liquid, or (go therefrom, shall bo allowed to gathor or remain on the upper surface of such curb, flagstone or passage; nor shall such per- son allow any accumulation of such wuler or liquid, or the loo therefrom, upon any street or place, but shall at all times cause tho same to be removed or to pass along the gutter or somo proper passage to ouo of th? rivers cr Into a cr. • Sec. 41. Every owner, tenant, 1#»»»* and occupant of any building or lot (whether vacant or occupied) within or near the built-up portions of said city, shall keep and cause to be kept the side- walk and flagging, and curbstone in front thereof, free from obstructions and nuisances of every kind, and shall not allow anything in the aroa or yard or on or about his premises to become a nuisance, or dangerous or prejudicial to life or health. Food nud Drink. Sec. 42. No meat, fish. eggs, birds, fowl, fruit, vegetables or milk not being then healthy, fresh, sound, wholesome and safe for human food, nor any meat or fish that died by disease or accident, shall be brought into The City of New York, or offered or held for sale as such food any- where in said city, nor shall any such articles be kept or stored therein. For the purposes of this section any meat, fish, eggs, birds, fowl, fruit, vege- tables or milk offered for sale anywhere In the city by dealers In food, shall be deemed to be offered or held for sale as food. Sec. 43. No calf, or the meat thereof, shall be brought into The City of New York or held, sold or offered for sale for human food, which, when killed, was less than four weeks old, or -hen killed and dressed weighs less than forty-five pounds. No pig, or the meat thereof shall be brought into The City of New York or held, sold, or offered for sale for human food, which, when killed, was less than five weeks old. No lamb, or the meat thereof, shall be brought into The City of New York or hold, sold or offered for sale for human food, which, when killed, was less than eight weeks old. Nor shall any meager, sickly or unwholesome fish, birds or fowl be brought Into said city or held, sold or offered for sale for human food. Sec. 44. No cattle shall be killed for human food while In an overheated, fev- erish, or diseased condition; and all such diseased cattle, in The City of New York, and the place where found, and their dis- ease, shall be at once reported to thla department by the owner or custodian thereof, that the proper order may be made relative thereto, or for the removal thereof from said city. See. 45. Tlie body of any animal, or any part thereof, which is to be used as hu- man food, shall not be carted or carried through t.lie streets or avenues, unless It be so covered as to protect it from dust and dirt; and no moat, poultry, game or fish shall be hung or exposed for sale in any street or outside o.f any shop or store, or In tho open windows or door- ways thereof, In The City of New York. No meat or dead nnlmal above the size of a rabbit shall bo taken to any public or private markot to bo sold for human food until the same eball have been fully tooled after killing, nor until the entrails aud feet (except of poultry and game, and except the feet of swine), shall havs been removed. Sec. 46. No breadstuffs, cake, pastry, sliced fresh fruits, dried or preserved fruits, candles, confectionery, or other perishable food products, except those thnt are peeled, pared, or cooked before consumption, shall be kept, soli, offered for sale, or displayed outside of any premises In The City of New York, or in any street or public place, unless they l„ kept so covered that they shall ba protected from dil6t, dirt, flics, and other contamination. Sec. 47. No person, being the manager or keeper of any saloon, boarding house or lodging house, or being employed as a clerk, servant, nr agent thc.eat, Bhall therein or thereat, offer or hate-, for food or drink, or to he eaten or drunk, auy poisonous, deleterious, or unwholesome substance, nor allow anything therein to be done or to occur, dangerous to life or prejudicial to health. Sec. 48. No meat, Ash, fruit, vegetables, eggs. milk, or other food, or unwholesome liquid nlinil be Bold, held, offered for sale, t .i -i, | 3 r pry r’i ;»«ntpi|'>o made U 72 BUILDING AND HEALTH LAWS AFFECTING THE CITY OF NEW YORK. respect thereof under a false name or quality, or as being what the same is not, as respects wholesomeness, sound- ness, or safety for food or drink. Sec. 48a. No person shall break out eggs for sale or conduct be business of breaking out eggs to be canned, frozen, dried or used in any other manner in The City of New York, and no eggs broken from the shell, whether canned, frozen, dried, or treated in any other manner Bhall be received, held, kept, sold, offered for sale or delivered In The City of New York without a permit from the Board of Health and subject to the conditions thereof, and subject also to the rules and regulations adopted by the said Board of Health. (a) No” person shall receive, hold, keep, Bell or offer for sale or deliver, as or for food, or to be used in food, in The City of New York, any canned, frozen, or dried eggs or eggs broken from the shell, which are adulterated or to which has been added any poisonous ingredient or any ingredient which may render such eggs injurious to health, or to which has been added any antiseptic, preservative, o; foreign substance not evident and not known to the purchaser or consumer, or which shall contain filthy, decomposed or putrid animal matter. (b) No person shall receive, hold, keep Bell or offer for sale or deliver in The City of New York any eygs known as "spots" except in eases which shall be plainly and indelibly labeled at both ends with the printed words “Spot Eggs,” with black letters at least two inches high and one and one-lialf inches wide, wilh no intervening marks or lettering be- tween the words or the letters composing the words, and a record of such eggs and the disposition thereof shall be kept as required by the rules and regulations of the said Board of Health, The term “Spots" and “Spot Eggs" when used herein means all unsound eggs, including those affected by moulds, partly decomposed, broken yolked, blood ringed or veined, partially hatched, sour, or eggs the shells of which are so broken or cracked that the contents are leaking therefrom. • For the purposes of this section a case of eggs shall be deemed to be a case of spot eggs if fifty per cent, or more of the eggs in the case are “Spots" as defined herein. Sec. 49. Every person, being the owner, lessee, or occupant of any room, stall or place where any meat, fish, fruit or vege- tables, designed or held for human food, shall be stored or kept, or shall be held or offered for sale, shall put and keep such room, stall and place, and its ap- purtenances, in a cleanly and wholesome condition; and every person having charge, or interested or engaged, whether as principal or agent, in the care or in respect to the custody or sale of any meat, fish, fruit, birds, fowl or vege- tables, designed for human food, shall put and preserve the same in a cleanly and wholesome condition, and shall not allow the same, or any part thereof, to be poisoned, infected, or rendered unsafe or unwholesome for human food. Sec. 50. No butcher or dealer shall keep In any market any refrigerator or ice- box, unless the same shall be lined with some proper metallic substance, so as to be watertight. Sec. 51. In the sale, or keeping fer sale, of any beverage or drink, no person shall keep or use any tap, faucet, tank, foun- tain or vessel, or any pipe or conduit in connection therewith, which shall be composed or made, either wholly or In part, of brass, lead, copper, or other metal or metallic substances that are or will be affected by liquids so that danger- ous, unwholesome or deleterious com- pounds are formed therein or thereby, or such that beer, soda water, syrups or other liquids, or any beverage, drink or flavoring material drawn therefrom shall be unwholesome, dangerous or detri- mental to health. Bee, 52. No person shall have at any place where milk, butter or cheese is kept j for sale, nor shall at any place sell, dc- i liver. Or offer, or have for sale, or keep ( for use, nor shall any person bring or send to said city any unwholesome, watered or adulterated milk, or milk known as “swill-milk," or milk from cow s or other animals that for the most part have been kept in stables or that have .been fed in whole or in part on swill, or milk from sick or diseased cows or other animals, or any butter or cheese made from any such milk, or any un- wholesome butter or cheese. Sec. 53. No milk which is watered, adulterated, reduced or changed in any respect by the addition of water or other substance, or by the removal of cream, shall be brought into the City of New York, or held, kept, sold or offered for sale at any place In said city; nor shall anyone keep, have, sell or offer for sale in the said city any such milk. The term “adulterated milk." when so used in this code, means: First — Milk containing more than eigh- ty-eight per centum of water or fluids. Second — Milk containing less than IIV 2 per cent, of milk solids. Third — Milk containing less than three per centum of fats. Fourth — Milk drawn from animals with- in fifteen days before or five days after parturition. Fifth — Milk drawn from animals fed on distillery waste, or any substance in a state of fermentation or putrefaction, or on any unwholesome food. Sixth— Milk drawn from cows kept in a crowded or unhealthy condition. Seventh — Milk from which any part of the cream has been removed. Eighth— Milk which has been diluted with water or any other fluid, or to which has been added, or into which has been intro- duced, any foreign substance whatever. Ninth — Milk the temperature of which is higher than 50 degrees Fahrenheit, or which contains an excessive number of bacteria. The provisions of this section shall not be applicable, however, tP modified milk or skimmed milk held or offered for sale under permits therefor from the Board of Health, pursuant to the rules and reg- ulations of said Board. Sec. 54. Any milk found to be adul- terated, which has been brought into The City of New' York or is held or offered for sale in said city, may be seized and destroyed by any inspector or other of- ficer of this department authorized to inspect same. Sec. 55. No condensed milk which is adulterated shall be brought into TheCity j of New York or held. kept, sold or of- fered for sale at any place in said city, ! nor shall any one have, keep, sell or offer for sale in said city any such condensed milk. The term “adulterated," when used in this section, refers to condensed milk in which the amount of fat is less than twenty-five per cent, of the milk solids j contained therein, or to which any for- | eign substance whatever has been added, ! excepting sugars, as in preserved milks. ! Sec. 56. No milk, modified milk, or cream shall be renewed held, kept, of- I fered for sale or sold and delivered In j The City of New York without a permit in writing therefor from the board of ! health, and subject to the conditions j thereof. By the term “modified milk" is meant j milk which has been changed by the ad- ! dition of water, barley water, lime water, * sugar of milk, or other substances in- j tended to render the milk suitable far in- ! fant feeding. Sec. 56a. All milk held, kept, offered for ’ sale or sold and delivered in The City of; New York shall be so held, kept, offered for sale or sold and delivered under either j or any of the following grades or desig- 1 nations and under no other, and in ac- cordance with such rules and regulations i as may be adopted by the board of | health, namely: Milk: This term shall be applied to cows’ milk which conforms to the require- ments of Section 53 of the Sanitary Cod* and which does not meet the requirements of milk sold under other grades or desig- nations herein provided for. Selected Milk: Which i9 milk produced by farms holding a permit therefor from the board of health and handled accord- ing to the rules and regulations of said board. Inspected Milk: Which Is milk produced under the supervision of a Mi.k Commis- sion appointed by the Medical Society of the County of New York or by the Medical Society of the County of Kings, or under certificates for “Inspected Milk," issued by said Commission. No milk, however, shall be held, kept, offered for sale or sold and delivered as inspected milk in the City of New York which is produced under requirements less than those of the said board for Selected Milk. Guaranteed Milk: Which Is milk pro- duced by farms holding a permit there- for from the Board of Health and pro- duced and handled in accordance with the rules and regulations of said board. Certified Milk: Which ig milk certified by the Milk Commission appointed by the Medical Society of the County of New York or the Medical Society of the County of Kings as being produced under the supervision and in conformity with the requirements of that Commission as laid down for Certified Milk. No milk, how- ever, shall be held, kept, offered for sale or sold and delivered as Certified Milk in the City of New York which is produced under requirements less than those of the said board for Guaranteed Milk. Skimmed Milk: Which is milk contain- ing less than three per cent, butter fat. Condensed Skimmed Milk: Which is milk in which the butter fat is less than twenty-five per cent, of the total milk solids. Condensed or Concentrated Milk: Which is Bilk from which any part of the water has been removed, or milk from which any part of the water has been removed and to which sugars have been added. The provisions of this section shall not apply to buttermi" or to milk prod- ucts commonly known as Kumyss. Mat- zoon, Zoolak. dried m lk, or mil; powder, or to other similar preparations, or to cream or modified milk. Sec. 56b. No milk shall be held, kept, offered for sale or sold and delivered In The Oit of New York, which has been subjected to the action of heat com- monly known a s “Pasteurization" unless the receptacle in which the same is con- la ned is plainly labeled "Pasteurized.” Pasteurized milk shall not be sold as such unless the rules and regulations of the Board of Health in regard thereto have been complied with; and said term ' Pasteurized" may be used in connection with any milk designated or graded as hereinbefore provided for See. 5fie. No milk shall be held. kept, offered for sale or sold and deliver- .1 in The City of New York under either or any of ihe designations known as se- lecfc-d milk, guaranteed milk, skimmed milk, or condenspd milk without a special permit in writing from the Board of Health Hnj subject to the conditions thereof; and no milk shall be held, kept, offered lor sale or sold and delivered In .aid city under any of the other grades cr designations provided far by section 59.1 of til's • qd«* without a perm.; ;:i writing fr-v* * Board of Health of said city for a. e of milk, subject to the tcnditit’jb such permit and in ac- cordance «, , the rules and regulations of said Bo-.d; and the said permit, when issued lor selected milk, guaranteed ml!", skimmed ntilk or condensed milk, shall specify the grade or designation of milk which the holder of such permit Is au- thorized to keep, sell, oi* offer for sale as aforesaid. None of the provisions hereof, however, shall anply to condensed mill; when con- tained in hermetically sealed cans. Sec. 57. No cream which Is adulterated shall be brought 'nlo The City of New York or held, kept, sold or offered for sale in said city, nor shall any on* THE SANITARY CODE. 73 keep. have, sell or offer for sale in said city any such cream. The term “cream 1 ' means that portion of milk represented in milk fa: which rises to the surface of milk on standing or is separated from it by centrifugal force. The term • adulter- ated,” when used in this section, refers to cream to which any foreign substance whatever has been added, or which con- tains less than 15 per cent, of butter fat. Sec. 58. Upon any cattle, milk, meat, birds, fowl, fish or vegetables being found by any Inspector or other officer of this department in a condition which ren- ders them, in his opinion, unwholesome and unfit for use as human food, or in a condition or of a weight or quality In this code condemned or forbidden, he is empowered, authorized and directed to Immediately condemn the same and cause It to be removed to the offal or garbage dock for destruction, and report his action to the department without delay. ADd ‘ the owner or person in charge thereof, when so directed by the said inspector or by an order of the sanitary superintendent, or an assistant sanitary superintendent, shall remove, or cause the same to be removed, to the place designated by the said inspectors or the order of said sanitary superintendent or assistant sanitary superintendent, or to the ofTal dock, and shall not sell, or offer to sell, or dispose of the same for human food. And when, in the opinion of the sanitary superintendent, or an assistant sanitary superintendent, any such meat, fish, fruits, or vegetables shall be unfit for human food, or any such animal, cat- tle. sheep, swine, or fowls, by reason of disease, or exposure to contagious dis- ease, shall oe unfit for human food, and Improper or unfit to remain near other animals or to be kept alive, the board of health may direct the same to ho de- stroyed, as dangerous to life and health, aud may order any such animals. cattle, sheep, swine, or fowls, to be removed by j any inspector, police officer, officer o- i agent of this department, to be killed, and taken to the offal dock. Sec. 59- It shall be the duty of every manufacturer, Importer or other person who manufactures or Imports, in The City of New York, any artificial or natural mineral, spring or other water for drink- ing purposes, to file, under oath, with the department of health, the name of such water and the exact location from which It Is obtained, together with the chemical and bacteriological analysis thereof, and. when manufactured, the ex- , act formula used In Its production, giv- ing qualitatively and quantitatively each and every Item entering Into Its compo- sition. No person shall manufacture or bottle mineral, arbonated or table wa- tors. In The City of New York without a permit from the board of health. Sec. 60. Every butcher or milk dealer, and their agents, shall allow the parties suthorlzed by this department to freely and fully Inspect the cattle, meats, fish, vegetables and milk held or kept by them, or Intended for sale, and will be expected to ar.swer all reasonable and proper ques- tions asked by such persons relative to the condition thereof, and of the places where s-J'ii articles may te. Wafer. Sec. Cl. No person shall ilirow rr allow to run or pass Into any public reservoir, water-pipe or aqueduct, or tnio or upoD any border or margin thereof, or exeava- tlon or stream therewith connected, any animal, vegetable, or mineral substam •- whatever, nor shall any person (having power or right to prevent the same) do or permit any art or thing that will Im- pair or peril the purity or whol»some- ness of any water or other fluid used or designed as a drink. In any part of said city: nor shall any person bathe nor (ex- cept In the discharge of a public duty) put any part of his person Into such water; nor shall any unauthorized person open any erection or unscrew any hy- drant holding such water. Sec. 62. It shall be the duty of every persoa. offi- er, department, sad board, having any authority and control in re- gard to any water designed for human ; consumption (and within the proper sphere of the duty of each thereof), to take all usual and also all reasonable measures and precautions to secure and preserve the purity and wholesomeness of such water. Sec. 63. Water from wells in the Bor- ough of Manhattan shall not be used for drink; nor shall such water be used for any purpose In any tenement or lodging- house, hotel, manufactory or buildings in which persons are living or employed, or in which there are offices, or a res- taurant or saloon, without a permit from the board of health. Water from wells in the other boroughs of said city, other than the public water supply, shall not be used In any tenement or lodging-house, hotel, manufactory or building in which persons are living or employed, or in which there are offices or a restaurant or saloon, without a permit from the board of health. Sec. 64. No person shall destroy or in any wise injure or impair any drinking hydrant, or part thereof, in the said city; nor shall any person interfere with the use or enjoyment of the • water therein, or therefrom, or interrupt the flow there- of. nor shall any person put any dirty, poisonous, medicinal, or noxious sub- stance into or near said water or hydrant, whereby such water is made or may be regarded as dangerous or unwholesome as a drink. Drug:!!, Medicine*, Adulteration* and Poisons. Sec. 66. No person shall make, pre- pare, put up, administer or dispense any prescription, decoction, or medicine under any deceptive or fraudulent name, direction or pretense; nor shall any in- gredient be substituted for another in any prescription; nor shall any false or deceptive representation be made by any person to any other, as to the kind, quality, purpose, or effect of any such drug, medicine, decoction, drink, or other article offered or intended to he taken as food or medicine. Sec. 66. No poison shall be sold at re- tail by any person in The City of New York without having affixed to the bottle, box. parcel or receptacle containing such poison, a label bearing the word "Poi- son” distinctly shown, printed or writ- ten In red Ink, together with the name and place of business of the seller and | *he name of the poison printed or written upon such bottle, box. parcel or recep- I tacle In plain legible characters. Sec. 67. No phenol, commonly knowD i as carbolic acid, shall be sold at re- j tall by any person In The City of New i York, except upon the prescription of a physician, when In a stronger solution than 5 per cent. Sec. 68. No person shall have, sell or 1 offer for sale In The City of New York | any food which Is adulterated or mis- branded. The term food as herein used snail Include every article of food and ! every beverage used by man, and all confectionery. Food os herein defined shall be deemed adulterated : (n> If any substance or substances has or have been mixed and packed with It so as to reduce, or lower or Injuriously affect Its quality or strength. ( (b) If any Inferior or cheaper sut>* i stances have been substituted wholly or I In part for the article. (c) If any valuable conslltutent of the i article bus been wholly or In part ab- i stracted. (d) If It consists wholly nr In part of | diseased or deeomposed or putrid or rot- | leu animal or vegetable substance, of any portion of any animal unfit for food, ! whelh* r manufactured or uot, or If It is j a product of a diseased animal or one that ' has died otherwise than by slaughter. (e) If It Is colored or coated or pol- ished or powdered, whereby damnge Is concealed or It Is made to appear better than It really Is, (f) If It contains any added polsonou > Ingr»1lent, or any lngr»dl' nt which rua) render such article injurious to health; or if it contains any antiseptic or pre- servative not evident and not known t* the purchaser or consumer. (g) If, in the case of confectionery. It contains terra alba, barytes, talc, chroma yellow, or other mineral substance of poisonous color or flavor, or other ingre- dient deleterious or detrimental to health; or any vinous, malt or spirltous liquor or compound or narcotic drug. (h) If, in the case of spirituous, fer- mented and malt liquors, they contain anj substance or ingredient not normal or healthful to exist in such liquors, or which may be deleterious or detrimental to health when such liquors are used as beverages. Food shall be deemed misbranded: (a) If it be an imitation or offered for sale under ihe distinctive name of an- other article. (b) If it. be labeled or branded so a* to deceive or mislead the purchaser, or purport to be a foreign product when not so; or if the contents ol' the package as originally put up shall hare been removed in whole or in part and other contents shall have been placed in such package; or if it fails to bear a statement on ths label of the quantity or proportion of any morphine, opium, cocaine, heroin, chloroform, cannabis indica, chloral hy- drate or acetanilid or any derivative or preparat'on of any such substances con- tained therein. (c) If in package form and the contents are stated in terms of weight or meas- ure, they are not plainly and correctly stated on the outside of the package. (d) If the package or Its label shall bear any statement, design or device re- garding the Ingredients or the substances contained therein, which statement, de- sign or device shall be false or mislead- ing in any particular; provided, that an article of food which does not contain any added poisonous or deleterious ingredi- ents shall not be deemed to be adulterat- ed or misbranded In the following oases: First — In the case of mixtures or com- pounds which may be now or from time to time hereafter known as articles of food, under their own distinctive names, and not an imitation ot or offered for sal* under the distinctive name of another article, if the name be accompanied on the same label or brand with a statement of the place where said article has beta manufactured or produced. Second — In the case of articles labeled, branded or tagged, so as to plainly Indi- cate that they are compounds, Imitations or blends, and the word "compound. “ •Imitation” or "blend,” as the cuse may be, is plainly stated on the package lu which It is offered for sale; provided, that the term blend as herein used shall be construed to mean a mixture of like substances, not excluding harmless color- ing or flavoring Ingredients used for the purpose of coloring and flavoring only: and provided further that nothing In this section shall be construed as requiring or compelling proprietors or manufac- turers of proprietary foods which contain no unwholesome added Ingredient to dis- close their trade formulas, except In so far as IJ>j» provisions of this section may require to secure freedom from adultera- tion or misbranding. Sec. 69. No person shall manufacture or produce or Have, sell or offer for sale lu The City of Now York any drug which Is adulterated or misbranded. The term drug us herein used shall Include all medicines for external or Internal use, or both. Drugs as herein defined shall b« deemed adulterated: (a) If, when sold by or under a name recognized In the United States Pharma- copoeia nr National formulary, It differs from the standard of strength, quality or purity os determined by the test laid down In the United States Pharmacopeia or National formulary official at the time of investigation; provided, that no drug defined In the United States Pharmaco- poeia or National formulary shall b* deemed to be adulteruled under this pro- I vision If the stnndard of strength, quality BUILDING AND HEALTH LAWS AFFECTING THE CITY OF NEW YORK. 74 or purity be plainly stated upon the bot- tle?, box or other container thereof, al- ltough the standard may differ from that determined by the test laid down^ in the United States Pharmacopoeia or National formulary. (b) If its strength or purity falls be- low the professed standard under which it is sold. A drug shall bo deemed misbranded: (a) If it be an imitation or offered for sale under the distinctive name of an- other article. (b) It the contents of the package as originally put up shall have been re- moved, in whole or in part, and other contents shall have been placed in such package, or if the package fails to bear a statement on the label of the Quantity oi proportion of any alcohol, morphine, opium, cocaine, heroin, chloroform, can- nabis indica, chloral hydrate or acetanl- lid or any derivative or preparation of ; ,ny such substances contained therein. Cattle, Horses, Ete. Sec. 70. No cattle, swine or sheep shall he driven through any public street or avenue in the Borough of Brooklyn with- out a permit from the Board of Health in writing, and subject to the conditions thereof. Sec. 71. No cattle shall be kept in any place where the ventilation is not ade- quate and the water and food are not of such quality and In such condition as to preserve their health, safe condition, and wholesomeness for food. Sec. 72. No cows shall bo kept in The City of New York without a permit from ihe board of health. Every stable and place where any cows, horses, or ether animals may he, shall be kept at all times in a cleanly and wholesome condition, and properly ventilated, and no person shall allow any animal to be therein which is infected with any contagious or pestilen- tial disease. , , Sec. 73. No horses shall be yarded and no cattle, swine, or sheep, geese or goats, shall be kept, or yarded within or adja- cent to the built-up portions of The City of New York, without a permit from the board of health. Sec. .74. No cattle, with or without their young calves, shall be led though or along any of the streets of The City of New York without a permit from the board of health, and in strict accordance with the routes, hours, and conditions prescribed thereby; and no person shall lead, at- tempt to lead, or cause to be led, any cattle otherwise than singly, one person with each, nor upon any sidewalks; pro- vided, however, that sheep may be driven on routes prescribed for them, pursuant io the terms and conditions of the per- mits issued by the board of health. See. 76. No cattle, sheep, swine or calves shall be driven in the streets or avenues of the Borough of Manhattan without a permit from the department of health, except in those cases where the said cattle, sheep, swine or calves shall be landed at the foot of the street lead- ing to the slaughter house to which they shall be destined, and where the streets shall be effectively barred or closed, so cx to prevent the escape of such cattle, etc., during the transfer from the dock to ihe’ slaughter house. No cattle, sheep, swine or calves shall be landed in the Borough of Manhattan except in accord- ance with the provisions and restrictions >f this ordinance. No cattle, calves, swine or sheep shall be driven iii the boroughs of The Bronx, Queens or Richmond except in such streets or avenues or roads as shall be set apart and designated by the board of health. Sec. 7C. No collar In The City of New York shall be occupied as a static for horses, cattle or other animals, without u permit from the board of health. Sec. 77. No cattle shall he placed or car- ried, while bound or tied by their legs, or bound down by their necks, In any vehicle in said city, but shall be allowed freely to stand la »uch vehicle when transported, and while being therein. Sec. 78. No person shall take or drive or allow to go or be taken (having tbe right and ability to prevent the same) auy horse or other animal, or any vehicle, upon any sidewalk or foot-path in front of any building, to the peril of any per- son; nor shall any person block up or obstruct any street or place, or contribute thereto. Fowls and Entail Animals. Sec. 79. No live chickens, geese, ducks or other fowls, shall be brought into or kept or held, or offered for sale, or killed, in any yard, area, cellar, coop, building, premises, or part thereof or in any pub- lic market or on any sidewalk, except upon premises used for farming in unim- proved sections of the city, without a permit from the board of health and subject to the conditions thereof, and ob- tained in accordance with the rules and regulations adopted by the Board of Health. See, SO. No person shall sell or keep for sale at any place in The City of New York any dogs, cats, birds or other small animals, without a permit from the board of health. Sec. 81. No live pigeons shall be kept, wit'. in the buik up portion of The City of New York without a permit from the board of health and subject to the con- ditions thereof. above the floor with some non-absorbent material. The yards, other than where cattle are kept, must be cemented or paved so as not to absorb liquid filth, and be so graded as to permit the same to flow into the sewer opening. All woodwork except floors and coun- ters must be painted or whitewashed. Blood from slaughtered animals must not bo allowed to flow Into the sewer or river, but while still fresh must be treated so as not to become offensive. All offensive odors arising from the handling of meat and treating of and caring for offai, blood or any other material stored or manufactured, must be cared for by destruction or condensation, and not al- lowed to escape into the outside air. Sec. 86. No horses shall be slaughtered in The City of New York without a per- mit from the board of health. The bringing into The City of New York and the keeping or selling of horse flesh i for food, and the slaughtering of horses for food in said city are prohibited. Sec. 87. No offal or butcher’s refuse shall be conveyed through any street or | avenue or over any ferry in The City ot j New York without a permit from the ! board of health, and when so conveyed must be in tight boxes, barrels or recep- tacles. and tightly covered so that no odor shall escape therefrom. No offal or butcher’s refuse shall b» brought into The City of New York. Slangbtering and Slauscliter-ITouses. Sec. 82. No person shall kill or dress any animal or meat in any market, and the keeping and slaughtering of all cattle, and the preparation and keeping of ail meat and fish, birds and fowl, shall be in that manner which is, or is generally reputed or known to be, best adapted to secure and continue their safety and wholesomeuess as food. Sec. 83. The business of slaughtering cattle, sheep, swine, pigs or calves shall not be conducted in The City of New York without, a permit from the board of health. Nor shall such business be conducted unless the same shall be in buildings located on or near the water front, and all buildings shall be con- structed so as to receive all stock deliv- erable thereat from boats, cars, or trans- ports, and to secure the proper care and disposition of all parts of the slaughtered animals upon tbe premises, or tbe imme- diate removal thereof by means of boats It shall not be unlawful, however, to slaughter cattle, sheep, swine, pigs -or calves in the Borough of Brooklyn, at such places where such business was es- tablished and carried on on January 3, 1898. Sec. 84. The business of slaughtering cattle, sheep, swine, pigs or calves in the borough of Manhattan shall be conducted on the west side of the borough between the north of the middle line of the block between West. Thirty-eighth and West Thirty-ninth streets and the south side of West Forty-first street. Eleventh ave- nue and North River, inclusive; and the slaughtering of cattle, sheep or calves on the east side of the borough shall be be- tween the north of the middle line of the block between East Forty-second and East Forty-third streets and the south side of East Forty-seventh street. First avenue and East River, inclusive. Sec. 85. No building shall be erected or converted into, of used as a slaughter- house in The City of New York uutil the plans thereof have been duly submitted io the board of health and approved in writing by said board; and no building occupied as a slaughter-house or any part thereof, or any building on the same lot, shall be occupied at any time as a dwell- ing or lodging place; and every such building shall at all times be kept ade- quately and thoroughly ventilated. All floors where any meat, refuse, offal, fertilizer or any other materials, derived directly or Indirectly from slaughtering of animals, are treated or handled must be made water tight, properly drained and sewer-connected, and the walls of the lulling, meat dressing and cooling rooms must be covered to tho lie'gbt of six foot Offensive Trade*. Sec. 88. No person shall permit or have any offensive water or other liquid or sub- stance on his premises or grounds, to the prejudice of life or health, whether for use in any trade or otherwise; and no es- tablishment or place of business for tan- ning, skinning, or scouring, or for dress- ing hides or leather, or for carrying on any offensive or noisome trado or busi- ness, shall hereafter be opened, started, established or maintained in The City of New York, without a permit from the board of health. And every such estab- lishment now existing shall be kept cleanly and wholesome, and be so con- ducted in every particular as not to be offensive, or prejudicial to life or health. See. 89. No person or corporation being a manufacturer of gas. or engaged about the manufacture thereof, shall throw or deposit or allow to run, or shall permit to be thrown or deposited in any public waters, river or stream, or In any sewer therewith connected, or in any street, or public place, any gas, tar, or any refuse matter of or from any gas-house works, manufactory, mains or service pipes; or permit the escape of any offensive odors from iheir works, mains, or pipes; nor shall any such person or corporation permit to escape from their works, mains or pipes any gas dangerous or prejudicial to life or health, or manufacture illuminating gas of such Ingredients and quality that in tns process of burning it, any substauce which may escape therefrom shall be dangerous or prejudicial to life or health; or fall to uso the most approved or al* reasonable means for preventing the es- cape of odors. No buildings shall be erected or con- verted into, or used as a place for the manufacture of illuminating ges. until the plans of such buildings and tbe loca- tion thereof have been duly approved in writing by the board of health. Sec. 90. It shall not bo lawful for any person or persons, incorporated or unin- corporated, to carry on, establish, prose- cute. or continue, within the borough of Manhattan, the occupation, or trade, or business of bone boiling, bone burn- ing. bone grinding. horse skinning, cow skinning, or skinning of dead animals, or the boiling of offal: ami any such establishment or establish- ments, or place of such business exlstlug within said borough, shall be forthwith removed out of 6ald borough, and such trade, occupation, or business shall be forthwith abated and discontinued, pro- viding that nothing in this section con- tained shall prr'y Ha"gMerins or THE SANITARY CODE. 75 dressing of auimals for sale in said city. Sec. 91. The business of bone crushing, bone boiling, bone grinding, bone or shell burnlhg. lime making, horse skinning, cow skinning, glue making from any part of dead animals, gut cleaning, hide curing, fat rendering, boiling of fish, swill or offal, heating, drying, storing of blood, scrap, fat, grease or offensive animal or vegetable matter,' or manufacturing mate- rials for manure or fertiliser, shall not he carried on or continued within tho boroughs of Brooklyn, The Bronx. Queens .,r Richmond without a permit from the board of health. Xor shall any buildings be erected or converted or used for the carrying on of .» ny business above mentioned until the plans thereof have been duly submitted 0 the board of health and appreved in writing by said board. Sec. 92. No occupation or business that is dangerous or detrimental to life or health shall be established or carried on n The City of New York. Sec. 93. All persons engaged in the business of boiling or rendering fat, lard or animal matter, shall cause the scrap or residuum to bo dried or otherwise pre- pared so as to effectually deprive such material of all offensive odors, and to preserve the same entirely inoffensive, immediately after the removal thereof from the receptacles in which 'bo render- ,ng process, may be conducted. Sec. 94. No person shall hereafter erect or establish in said city any manufac- tory or place of business for boiling any varnish or oil. or for the distilling of any ardent or alcoholic spirits, or for making any lampblack, turpentine, or tar, or for the treating and refining of ores, metals or alloys ot metals, with acids or heat, or for conducting any other business that will or does generate any offensive or deleterious gas, vapor, deposit or exha- la; Ion without a permit from the board of ,.irh, Sec. 95. No fat, tallow or lard shall ho melted or rendered, except when fresh from the slaughtered animal, and taken directly from the places of slaughter in The City of New York, and in a condition free from sourness and taint and all other auses of offense at the nmo of rende,- ing, and all melting and rendering must l»e in ateam-t'gbt vessels, and the g tao‘> and odors therefrom must be destioyed by combustion or oiher means equally ef- fective, and according to the b'*t and most Improved means and processes; and everything preceding, following, and in 1 onnectlon with such melting and ren- dering. and the premises where the sumo shall be conducted, must be freo from nil offensive odor, and other cause of detri- ment to the public health. Nj fu, laid or tallow shall be brought into The (‘ity of New York to be rendered or melted, and none shall be rendered or melted i hat has come from auy place outside of 'he City of New York. The business of melting or rendering fat, tallow or laid shall not be carried on or conducted in i he City of New York without a permit from the oBard of Health. Sec. 9fi. The owners, lessees, tenants, occupants and managers of every build- ing, vessel, or place in or upon which a locomotive or stationary engine, furnace or boilers are used, snail cause all ashes, cinders, rubbish, dirt and refuse to be re- moved to some proper place, so that the same shall not accumulate; nor shall any person cause, sufTer or allow cin- ders. dust, gas, steam or offensive or noisome odors to escape or be discharged from any such building, vessel or place io the detriment or annoyance of any person or persons not being therein or thereupon engaged. Sec. 87. Every owner, lessee, tenant, and occupant of any stall, stable, or apart- ment In the built-up portions of Tbe City of New Y. It. In which any horse, cattle, nr other animal shall bo kept, or of any place In which manure, stable refuse, or auy liquid discharge of such animals »hall collect or accumulate shall cause such manure, stable refuse, or liquid to be promptly and properly removed there- from, and shall at all times keep or cause to be kept such stalls, stables or apart- ments, and the drains, yards, and appur- tenances thereof, in a clean and sanitary condition, so that no offensive odors shall be allowed to escape therefrom. Every such stable, and the yards and appur- tenances thereof, shall be connected with the sewer of the street in front thereof. It shall be the duty of every such owner, lessee, tenant or occupant to cause all ma- nureandstable refuse to be removed daily from such stable or stable premises, unless the same arc pressed in bales, barrels or boxes, as hereinafter provided. It shall not be lawful to remove manure and sta- ble refuse in carts or v.-aaons. or to cart the same within the city without a per- mit from the board of health, and such carts and wagons shall be of a construc- tion approved by said board, and every such cart or wagon must have a permit trom the board, and be used in accord- ance with the terms of such permit and not otherwise. Manure carta and wagons shall be loaded within the stable prem- ises and not upon the street or sidewalk, and the manure and stable refuse shall be removed from such premises in a man- ner not in any way offensive or so as to cause any nuisance. All manure and sta- ble refuse, when transported through the streets, must be covered and secured so that no part of tbe same will fall upon the street, and so as to prevent the es- cape of offensive odors, and the same shall not bo unloaded or deposited within the city limits, except upon the condi- tions of a permit from the board of health, aud at 3uch docks and places as shall be approved by the board, and to which a permit in writing for such use shall 'nave previously been granted by sa.d board. No manure or stable refuse shall be thrown upon or allowed to fall or remain upon any street or sidewalk or upon any ground near any stable. No manure vault shall be built, or used on any premises within the built-up portions of The City of New York. Every owner, lessee, tenant and occu- pant of any stall, stable or apartment, in the built-up portions of The City of New York, in which any horse, cattle or other animals shall be kept, and from which the manure and stabl<> refuse are not re- moved daily as hereinbefore provided, sh<\ll causo the same to be pressed in bales, barrels or boxes, at least once in each day, aud so pressed as to reduce the same to not more than one-tliinl of the original bulk. Manure and stable refuse pressed in bales, barrels or boxes, shall bo removed to such docks or places as shall be approved by the board of health, an I > wli i i rmit for such use shall have previously been granted by said board, and such bales, barrels and boxes shall not be opened until delivered at such docks or places. Offensive Materials. Sec. 98. No person shall fill in any land under or above water within Ihe limits of Ti.c City r,f New York, or any of tbe Island ; situated within such limits, with dead animals, decaying matter or any oft’ naive and unwholesome ma- terial, or with dirt, ashes or other refuse, when mixed with such garbage, dead ani- mals or portions thereof, decaying matter, or offensive and unwholesome material. No street sweepings shall bo deposited or used to fill up or raise the surfuco or level of any lot, grounds, dock, wharf, or pier lii or adjacent to tho built-up por- tions of Tho city of Nov/ York without a permit from fho board of health. Sec. 99. No ground or material filled with offensive matter or BUbstamo. or that •will omit or nllow to arise through or from the s.im«, any offensive anv il or deleterious exhalation, shall (adjacent in or within the built-up portlou of said city) be opened or turned up or the sur- face thereof removed, between the first day of May and the first day of October of any year, except according to a permit, first obtained therefor from tho board of health. « joe. xt)o No part of tbd confouti of pr substances from any sink, privy, ov cess- pool, nor any manure, or other offensive substance shall be by any person deposit- ed ov allowed to run or drop into or remain in any street or public place; nor shall the same be thrown or allowed to fall or run into any river or other body of water, save through the proper underground sewers. See. 101. No person shall gather, collect, accumulate, store, expose, carry or trans- port in any manner through the streets and public places of this city, or in or to any cellar, or house in said city, any bones, refuse, or offensive material with- out a permit from the board of health. Sec. 102. No swill, brine, urine of ani- mals, or other offensive animal matter, nor any stinking, noxious liquid, or other filthy matter of any kind, shall by any person be allowed to run or fall into or upon any street or public place, or b» taken or put therein. Sec. 102. No blood, butchers offal or garbage, nor any dead animals, nor any putrid or stinking auimai or vegetable matter, shall be thrown by any person or allowed to go into any street, place, sewer or receiving basin, or into any river or standing or running water or excavation or into any ground or prem- ises in the built-up portions of the city. Sec. 104. No person shall draw off, or allow- to run off into any ground, street or place of said city, the contents (ov any part, thereof) of any vault, privy, cistern, cesspool, or sink; nor shall auy owner, tenant, or occupant of any building to which any vault, sink, privy, or cesspool shall appertain, or bs at- tached, permit the contents of any .part thereof, to flow therefrom, or to rise within two feet of any part of the top, or permit said contents to become offen- sive; nor shall any vault, privy, cistern, cesspool or sink be filled or covered with dirt until it has been emptied of Us ftltbv contents. Sec. 103. No person shall throw into or deposit in any vault, sink, privy, or cesspool, any offal, ashes, meat, fish, gar- bage, ov other substance except that of which any such place is the appropriate teceptacle. Sec. 106 Every tub or other receptacle in any sink or privy (or placed, or allowed to stand therein by any owner, tenant or occupant of any building or premises), and used to contain any liquid or par- tially liquid substance, shall be sufficient- ly strong, perfectly tight, and adequately provided with a strong cover anil with hoops and handles; shall not be allowed to be filled to within four inches of any part, of tho top, and shall not be allowed (or its contents) to bo offensive. And the provisions of this code relative to emp- tying cesspools, and to throwing any sub- stance therein, shall apply to said tube aud receptacles as if here repeated aud applied thereto. And no person shall throw, drop or al- low to fall Into tho North or East ltlver. or into any street or place, any substance being, or having been part of the con- tents ot any such vault, cesspool, privy, sink, tub or receptacle, or any offal. See. 107. Neither the contents of any sueh tub, or of any receptacle, cesspool, privy, vault, sink, water-closet or cis- tern, nor anything In any room, excava- tion, vai, building, premises or place, shall bu allowed to become a nuisance, or offensive, so ns to be dangerous or prejudicial to life or health. Sec. 108. It shall bo tho duty of every owner, tenant, lessee, occupant or person In charge of auy and every building, or place of business In tho generally built - up portions of Tho City of New York, forthwith to provide or cause to bo pro- vided, and at nil times thereafter to keep and cause to be kepi and provided, with- in such building or place of business, and for tho exclusive use of such building or place of business, aeparuto receptacles for receiving mid holding, without leak age, all tin- ashes, garbage and liquid substances that may ncnirnnlale during thirty- lx hours from snld building or pis ; hv«|pr»e ov (Ijo portion !b*r* 0 f 76 BUILDING AND HEALTH LAWS AFFECTING THE CITY OF NEW YORK. of which such person may be the ownr exposed in any place where they or particles there- from will pass into any street or public place, or into any occupied prem'.-f's Neither shall any usual nor any reu;. l i- able precautions be omitted by any per* son to prevent fragments or othe 1 * sub* stances from falling, to the peril of life, or dust or ligfct material flying Into any street, place, or building, from any building or erection, while the same, is being altered, repaired or demolished, or otherwise. Removal of Filth. Sec. 119. No person shall engage in the business of transporting manure, swill, ashes, garbage, offal, or any offensive or noxious substance, or drive any cart for such purpose. In The City of New York, without a permit from the board of health. Sec. 120. No cart or other vehicle for carrying any manure, swill, garbage, offal, or rubbish, or other nauseous or of- fensive substance, or the contents of any privy, vault, cesspool, or sink, shall, without necessity therefor, be allowed to i stand or remain before or near any build- I i ugi place of business, or other premises ! where any person may be; nor shall any ! such cart or vehicle be allowed to occupy I an unreasonable length of time in load- ing or unloading, or in passing along any street or through any inhabited place or grounds. Such carts, vehicles, and all j implements used in connection there- with must be kept in an inoffensive and sanitary condition, and, when not in use, shall be stored and kept In some place where no needless offense shall be given to any of the people of said city. Sec. 121. All carts and vehicles for car- rying any nauseous or offensive sub- stances, boxes, tubs and receptacles in which any nauseous or offensive sub- stance may be, or may be carried, shall ! be strong and tight, and the sides shall be so high above the load or contents, that no part of such contents or load shall fall, leak, or spill therefrom; and either the vehicle or vessel carried by It shall be so covered as to be inoffensive; and all such material shall be loaded and removed in a sanitary manner, and ac- cording to the regulations of the depart- ment of health, and it shall be the duty of every person removing any offensive material to at once replace in said ve- hicle or vessel any material that may have fallen therefrom upon or in any place, street or premises. Sec 122. All putrid or offensive matter, and all nigbtsoil. and the contents of sinks, privies, vaults and cesspools, and all noxious substances, shall, before their removal or exposure, be disinfected and rendered inoffensive by the owner, lessee, or occupant of the premises where the same may he, or by the person or con- tractor who removes o" is aoout to remove the same; and no part of the contents of any vault, privy, sink or cesspool shall be removed without a permit from the board of health. Sec. 123. No boat, scow or other re- I ceptacle used in transporting garbage to 1 Barren Island or' the place of disposal, i shall be permitted to remain moored or I be at any dock, wharf or place within the limits of The City of New York for a ] longer period than twenty-four hours from the time garbage is first delivered Or placed thereon. Garbage shall be re- I eeived on such boat, scow or other re- ceptacle. and transported, in a manner j approved by the board of health. I Oiseiiited, Injured and Dead Animal# Sec. 124. No diseased cattle, swine, 3heep, horses, dogs or cats, which are i suffering lrorn or have been exposed to , any disease which is contagious among such aultnals, shall be brought Into or kept in Tlie City of New York. All per- sons. corporations, or companies bringing milch cows Into The City of New York shall furnish a certificate signed by a i veterinarian who is a graduate of a recognized veterinary college, with the date of graduation and the name of the I college from which the degree was re- ceived. to she effect that said cows are free from tuberculosis as far a* may be determined by physical examination anl I the tuberculin ’es: Said -certificate shall ; \ a number which has been perm*- THE SANITARY CODE. 77 neatly attached to each, cow, and a de- scription sufficiently accurate for identi- fication, stating the date (which must be not more than sixty days prior to the time they are brought into the city), the place of examination, the temperature of the cow or cows at intervals of three hours, for twelve hours before the sub- cutaneous injection of the tuberculin, the preparation of tuberculin used, the loca- tion of the injection, the quantity in- jected, the temperature at the tenth hour | after the injection of the tuberculin and every three hours after the aforesaid tenth hour for twelve hours, or until the reaction is completed. No cow with a certificate which states that said cow gave a reaction of two degrees F. after the injection with 0.5 c. c. of the tuber- culin prepared by the department of health of The City of New York (or its equivalent), diluted with ten times its ■volume of a 0.5 per cent, watery solution of carbolic acid, shall be brought Into The City of New York. Sec. 125. No person shall keep, retain or allow, or cause to be kept or retained et any place in The City of New York, any animal having the disease known as glanders, or farcy, or any other contagious disease, but shall forthwith report every such case and the location thereof to the Department of Health; the Sanitary Su- perintendent or an Assistant Sanitary Superintendent of the said department shall cause every such animal to be de- stroyed and the body thereof removed and disposed of In such manner as shall be by him designated. Sec. 126. All dead horses, before they are placed In the street, must have a tag attached giving the name and address of the owner and the stable from which the horse was removed. Sec. 127. Every veterinary surgeon who Is, called to examine or professionally at- tend any animal within The City of New York having the glanders or farcy or any contagious disease shall report forthwith in writing to the board of health ot said city the following facts, viz.: First, a statement of the location of such dis- eased animal; second, the name and ad- dress of the owner thereof; third, the type and character of the disease. Sec. 128. No person shall leave in or throw into any place or street, or public water, or offensively expose or bury, the body (or any part thereof) of any dead or fatally sick or Injured animal; nor •hall any person keep any dead animal or any offensive meat, bird, fowl, or fish In a place where the same may be dangei - ous to the life or detrimental to the health of any person. Sec. 129. Any animal, being In any street or public place, within or adjacent to the built-up portion of New York City, and appearing In the estimation of any officer or Inspector of this department (and of two d'sereet citizens, railed by such officer or Inspector to view the same in his presence) Injured or diseased past recovery, for any useful purpose, and not being attended and properly cared fo- hy the owner or some proper person hiv- ing charge thereof for such owner, or not having been removed to some private premises, or to some place designated by •ueb officer or Inspector, within one hour ■ fter being found or left In such condi- tion, may bs deprived of life by such of- ficer or Imoector. or »s he may direct; • nd shall thereafter, unless at once re- moved by the owner or person, be treated as any otter animal found on a street »>r place. Sec. 130. Any person having a dead • ntmal or an animal past recovery, and not killed for and proper for use as food, or in any offensive condition, or sick with • n Infectious or contagious disease, on his premises in said city, and every per- son whose animal or any animal In bis charge or under his control In any street or place, may die or become or be In a condition past recovery, shall at once no- tify the department of health, and un- der the direction of he sanitary super- intendent or an assistant sanitary su- perintendent or an officer of the police department, remove or cause the removal of such animal, dead or alive, to such place as may be designated by such offi- cial. Sec. 131. No person other than the in- spectors or officers c.f this department or the police department, or persons there- to authorized, shall in any way Interfere with such dead, sick or injured animal in any street or place, and no person shall skin or wound such animal in such street or public place, unless to terminate its life as herein authorized, except that tho owner or person having control of such animal may terminate the life thereof in the presence and by the consent of a policeman or an inspector or officer of this department. Sec. 132. Every animal which shows symptoms of rabies, and every animal that has been exposed to such disease, shall, by the person owning the same, or having possession thereof, be at once con- fined in some secure place for such length of time as to determine whether such disease exists, or to show' that such exposure has not given such animal said disease, and so as to avoid all danger to life or health. And such persons shall also forthwith notify the department of health thereof and of the place where such animal is confined. Every animal which is mad or has rabies shall at once be killed by the ow'ner or person having possession thereof or by the departtnent of health and the body of any animal that has died of such disease, or, being suspected of such disease, has been killed, shall be at once sur ndered to the de- partment of health, to be by it dis- posed of. Should a dog bite any person it shall be the duty ot the owner, or person hav- ing the same in his possession or under his control, to at once notify said de- partment thereof, and surrender said dog to said department for inspection anil observation; and such dog shall be re- turned to the person from whom the same shall have been received if found not rabid, and if found to be rabid it shall be destroyed by said department. When the police or other person or authorities destroy a dog for any of the causes herein mentioned, it shall be bis or their duty to immediately notify the said department thereof ana of the loca- tion of its body, so that the same may be obtained by tbo said department; and it shall be unlawful to remove any such dog or the body of any such anlm.al here- tofore mentioned except as herein pro- vided. Infection* Di*cn*e*. Sec. 133. It shall be the duty ot every physician to report to the department of health, in writing, the full name, age, and address of every person suffering from any one of tho infectious diseases Includ- ed in the list appended, with the name of the disease, within twenty-four hours of the time when the case is first seen: A. — Contagious (very readily communi- cable): Measles, rubella (roethcln), scar- let fever, smallpox, varicella (chicken- pox), typhus fever, relapsing fever. B. — Communicable: Diphtheria (croup), typhoid fever, Asiatic cholera, tubercu- losis (of any organ), plague, tetanus, anthrax. glanders, epidemic cerebro- spinal meningitis, leprosy, infectious dis- eases of the eye ( i raehoraa, suppurative conjunctivitis), puerperal septicaemia, erysipelas, whooping cough, acute an- terior Poleomyelltls (Infantile Paralysis). C. — Indirectly Communicable (through Intermediary host); Yellow fever, mala- rial fever. Note.— In tins provisional rlasslfballon of tho Infection* rtlneane*. arranged for practical ptirpoae*. the moat readily communicable of theae Olaeaaoa, er.,hraelng the exanthemata and typhus fever, have t,een placed In a group by theinaelvea and called contagion*. Thl* haa been done with a view to emphaalxlng a diatlnctlon. which la not only of scientific algnlfVnnco, but of practical Importance. In dealing With the aanllary feature* of admlnlatrallon This diatlnctlon la furtliermor* of Importance be- rauae It avoid* tho mlaunderstnndlng and alarm frequently cauaed by Including In the an me claaa the very readily communicable dla- cotana touch na smallpox), and the much In a* rommutilcphlo dlacaar* tatjeh a* luber* tileala), V.hlrii inquire ver) different aanllary tnotnlut :* for their control. See. 134. It shall be the duty of th» commissioners or managers or the prin- cipal, superintendent, or physician, ot each and every public institution or dis- pensary, in this city, to report to ths department of health, in writing, the full name, age and address of any person suffering from any one of the infectious diseases included in the list appended, with the name of the disease, within twenty-four hours of the time when ths case is first seen: A. — Communicable: Influenza. lobar pneumonia, broncho-pneumonia, infectious diseases o f the gastro-intestinal canal (dysentery, cholera morbus, cholera in- fantum. summer diarrhoeas of infants). B. — Parasitic Diseases of the Skin: Scabies, tinea tonsurans, impetigo (con- tagious), favus, acute anterior. Note. — In this list of diseases reporting Is required by the Department of Health in ordor that data may be obtained for general and special Investigation of ihe inodes and sources of Infection and as to the prevalence and dis- tribution of these diseases. The Department of Health docs not purpose to exercise a sinl- tarv surveillance in these cases, but desire* information with a view to the ultimate re- moval oi - improvement in the conditions which now foster them. Notification is required in certain of these diseases because of the lia- bility to their extension among the children in schools. Sec. 135. It shall be the duty of every physician to report forthwith, in writing, to the department of health, the death of every person who dies from, or while suffering with, any infectious disease, and to state in such report ihe specific nams and type of such disease. Sec. 136. It shall be the duty of every keeper of any boarding house or lodging house, and the proprietor of every lodg- ing house or hotel, to report forthwith to the department of health all tho known facts in regard to any person 111, in any house or hotel i'.nder his or her charge, and suffering from any one Of the follow- ing infectious diseases: Measles, diph- theria (croup), scarlot rever. small-pox, chicken-pox, epidemic cholera, typhus fever, rubella (roethelD), plague, tubercu- losis and whooping cough. Sec. 137. It sjiall be the duty of every person having knowledge of the existence of any person afflicted with any one of the following infectious diseases: measles, diphtheria (croup), scarlet fever, small- pox, chicken-pox, epidemic cholera, typhus fever, rubella (roethcln), plague, tubercu- losis and whooping cough, who he has rea- son to think requires the attention of the department of health, to at once report to the department all facts in regard to the disease; and no person shall Interfere with or obstruct the entrance, inspection or examination of any building or house, or the occupants thereof, by tho inspectors and officers of this department, when any case or ono of the infectloua diseases above specified has been reported as ex- isting In such house or dwelling; nor shall any person Interfere with or obstruct, mutilate or tear down any notices of this department posted in or on any premises In The City of New York. Sec. 139. It shall be the duty of the oininlRK'oners or managers, or the prin- cipal, superintendent or physician of each and every publle or p r ivute Institution or dispensary In this city to report to the department of health, in writing, or to cause such report to be made by some proper and competent person, the name, age, sex, occupaHon and latest nddress of every person afllleted with tuberculosis, who la in their tare or who haa come un- der their observation, within one week of such time It shall be tho duly of every person slek with this disease and of every person In attendance upon any one sick with this disease, and of the authorities of public and privato Institutions or dis- pensaries. to observo and enforce all the sanitary rules nnd regulations of the board of health for preventing the spread of pulmonary tubereulosls. Sec. 139 Whenever an Inspector of this department shall report In writing that any person Is slek of any Infectious dis- ease, under such elrcumsl unees that ihs coni inuanee of surh slek person In ths place when be or she msy bo Is danger- 78 BUILDING AND HEALTH LAWS AFFECTING THE CITY t aEYV YORK. ous to tbc lives of other persons residing in the neighborhood, the sanitary superin- tendent, an assistant sanitary superin- tendent, or the chief inspector of the division of contagious diseases, upon the report of the medical inspector of the department, may cause the removal of such sick person to one of the hospitals under the charge of this department or to a hospital delegated by the hoard of health. Sec. 140. In every public hospital and dispensary in The City of New York there shall be provided and maintained a suiable room or rooms for the temporary isolation of persons suffering from any one of the following infectious diseases, measles, diphtheria (croup), scarlet fever, smallpox, chicken pox, epidemic cholera, iyphus fever, rubella (roath.oln), plaguo and whooping eough; and such persons shall immediately be separated from other persons at such dispensary or hos- pital. It shall be the duty of the phy- sician or physicians, and of the officers and managers of every hospital or dis- pensary, to cause a report to be imme- diately made to the department of health of The City of New York of every person afflicted with any one of tbs in- fectious diseases herein specified who comes to their knowledge, and to have such persons properly isolated from other persons, and shall also immediately rcpoit or cause to bo reported to the said De- partment the name, ago (so far as can be ascertained) and residence of every person received or treated thereat who is afflicted with puerperal seticacmia or su* - purative conjunctivitis and the name of the particular disease with which the per- son is so afflicted; and shall also report the name and address of the physician of midwife in attendance at the time of theonset of the disease, which informa- tion it is hereby made the duty of such hospital or dispensary to obtain and re- cord among its records. Sec. 141. It shall he the duty of •very undertaker having notice of the death of any person within The City of New York, of small pox, diphtheria (croup), scarlet fever, yellow fever, ty- phus fever, plague, Asiatic cholera, meas- les, or any other infections disease dan- gerous to the general health of the com- munity. or of the bringing of the dead body of any person who has died of any Kuch disease into such city, to give im- mediate notice thereof to this department. No person shall retain or expose, or as- sist in the retention or exposure of the dead body of any such person except in a coffin or casket properly sealed; nor shall he allow any such body to bo placed in any coffin or casket unless the body has been wrapped in a sheet saturated with a proper disinfecting solution and like coffin or casket shall then he imme- diately and permanently sealed. No un- dertaker shall assist in the public or church funeral of any 3uch person. No undertaker shall use, or cause or allow i o be used, at any funeral, or in any room where the dead body of any person shall be, any draperies, decorations, rugs or carpets, belonging to or furnished by him or under his direction. Sec. 143. A public or church funeral shall not be held of any person who has died of small-pox, diphtheria (croup), scarlet fever, yellow fever, typhus fever, Asiatic cholera, measles or plague; but the funeral of such person shall be pri- vate, and it shall not be lawful to invite, or permit at the funeral of any person who has died of any one of the above dis- eases, or of any infectious disease, or at • ny services connected therewith, any person whose attendance is not necessary, or to whom there is danger of contagion thereby. See. 143. No person shall within this city, without a permit from the board of health, carry, remove or cause or per- mit to be carried or removed, any per- son sick with any infectious disease, or remove or cause to bo removed any such person from any building or vessel to any other building or vessel or to tbo shore or to or from any vehicle in any part of the city. Nor shall any person, by any exposure of any individual skfc of any in- fectious disease, or of the body of such person, or by any negligent act con- nected therewith, or in respect of the care or custody thereof, or by needless ex- posure of himself, cause or contribute to or promote the spread of disease from any such person or from any dead body. Sec. 144. Every owner, lessee, tenant and occupant of any dwelling or apart- ment in The City of New York shall forthwith report to the department of health in writing the removal of any per- son from such dwelling or apartment who shall be suffering from any of the follow- ing infectious diseases: measles, diph- theria (croup), scarlet fever, smallpox, chicken pox, epidemic cholera, typhus fe- ver, rubella (roethelu), plague, whooping cough or tuberculosis (of any organ). Sec. 145. No principal or superintend- ent of any school, and no parent, master or custodian of any child or minor (hav- ing the power and authority to prevent), shall permit any child or minor having scarlet fever, diphtheria (croup), small- pox or any dangerous, infectious or con- tagious disease, or any child in any fam- ily in which any such disease exists or has recently existed, to attend any pub- lic or private school until the board of health shall have given its permission therefor, nor in any manner to be ua- recessarily exposed, or to needlessly ex- pose any other person to the taking or to the infection of any contagious disease. Disinfection Sec. 146. Adequate disinfection or cleansing and renovation of premises, furniture and belongings deemed by the department of health to be infected by contagious or communicable diseases, shall immediately follow the recovery, death or removal of the person suffering from such disease, and such disinfection or cleansing and renovation shall be per- formed by the owner or occupant of said premises when ordered by the board of health. Vaccination, Antitoxin. Soc. 147. Every person, being the par- ent or guardian or having the care, cus- tody or control of any minor, or other in- dividual, shall (to the extent of any means, power and authority of said par- ent, guardian or other person that could properly be used or exerted for such pur- pose) cause and procure such minor or individual to be so promptly, frequently and effectively vaccinated that such mi- nor or individual shall not take or be liable to take the smallpox. Sec. 14S. That no preparation of diph- theria antitoxin shall be offered or ex- posed for sale in this city unless the re- ceptacle containing such preparation hear a label on which is placed the name and the address of the producer, and upon such label, or upon a circular accom- panying such receptacle and inclosed with it in a sealed package, shall be printed or written the date of production and the value of the contents In anti- toxin as measured by some generally rec- ognized standard. Vessels ami Seaxurn. Sec. 140. The master, chief officer, and consignee, of every vessel not being in quarantine, or within quarantine limits, but being within one-fourth of a mile of any dock, wharf, pier, or building of said city, shall daily report to the department of health, or cause to be reported, in writing, the particulars, and shall therein state the name, disease, and condition of any person being in or on such vessel, and sick of any infectious disease. See. 150. The keepers, lessees, tenants, and owners of every boarding house aud lodging house shall forthwith notify the department of health of the fact of any seafaring man or person lately from any vessel being taken sick at such house, and shall in such notice state where such sick person may be found, and from what ves- sel, and when ho came, to the best of the knowledge of the person or persons giving such notice. Sec. 151. Every master and chief officer of any vessel, and every physician of. or 'who praniced on, any vessel which shall arrive in til# port of New York from auy other port, shall at once report to this department any facts connected with any person or thing ou said vessel, or that came thereon, which he has reason to think roay endanger the public health of tills city; and he shall report the facts as to any person being or having been sick thereon, of an infectious disease, anil as to there being or having been, during the voyage or since her arrival, any in- fected person or articles thereon. Sec. 152. No master, charterer, owner, part owner or consignee of any vessel, or any other person, shall bring to any dock, pier, wharf, or building within one thou- sand feet thereof, in said city, or unload at any dock, building, or pier therein, or have on storage in the built-up portions of said city, any skins, hides, rags, or similar articles or materials having been brought from auy foreign country or any infected place, or from any points south of Norfolk, Virginia, without or other- wise than according to a permit from the board of health, and no person shall sell, exchange, remove, or In any way expose any straw, bedding or other articles used by immigrants upon any vessel bringing immigrants to this port, until it has been adequately and properly cleansed or dis- infected; and all straw, bedding or other articles that have been exposod on any vessel to contagion or infection of any contagious disease, or have been or are liable to communicate such disease, shall he destroyed by fire on said vessel. Sec. 153. No owner, agent, or consignee of any vessel, or cargo, and no officer of any vessel (in respect of cither of which vessel or cargo a permit, according u> any law", ordinance, or regulation shall or" should have been obtained to pass quarantine, or to come up to the water- front of The City of New York) shall un- load, or land, or cause to he unladen or landed, such cargo, or any part thereof in said city, without having first received a permit from the board of health eo to do. Sec. 134. No captain, officer, consignee, owner or other person in charge of any vessel (or having right and authority to prevent the same) shall remove or aid in removing from any vessel to the shore (save as legally authorized by the health officer of the port of New York, and into quarantine grounds and buildings only) any person sick of, or person that has been exposed to, and is liable very soon to develop any infectious disease, or so remove or aid in removing any articles that may have been exposed to the contagion of any such disease, except in accordance with a permit from the hoard of health. Sec 155. No master, charterer, con- signee, or other person shall order, bring or allow (having power and authority to prevent the same) any vessel or person, or article therefrom, from auy infected port, or any vessel, or person or article therefrom, liable to quarantine, according to the ninth section of the three hundred and fifty-eighth chapter of the Laws of 1863 (or under any other laws, and wheth- er such quarantine has been made or suf- fered or not), to come or be brought to any point nearer than three hundred yards from any dock or pier, or to any building in said city without or otherwise than according to a permit from the board of health. Nor shall any vessel, or per- son or thing therein or therefrom, having been in quarantine, come or be brought within the last-named distance of any last-named place, without the permit or assent of this board. See. 156. No person shall bring into this city from any infocted place, or land, or take therein, from any vessel lately from an infected port, or from any vessel or building in which had lately been any per- son sick of an infectious disease, any ar- ticle or person whatsoever, nor shall any such person land or come into said city, without a permit from the board of health; and it shall be no excuse tbat such person or article so offending, or the oc - casion of offense, has passed through quarantine, or has a permit from uuy other source than this board. 79 c*o. aforesaid, nor shall any person convey or present at such birth, within ten days a!- ; allow to be carried or conveyed, in any -r such birth, to report to the depart- > manner, from, through, into or within ment of health, in writing, as far as ; The city of New York, the dead body ol known, the date, borough and street umber of said birth, and the name, sex and color o! such child bora, and the came, residence, birthplace and age o- the parents, the occupation of the father. » od the maiden name of the mother. It snail be the duty of physicians and pro- fessional midwives to keep a registry of ■'ie several births in which they have as- ?l*:*d professionally, which shall i-oata.n i he date of birth, borough, street and any humau being, or any part thereof, without « permit therefor from the Board of Health. And ihe proper coupon for that purpose attached to any such per- mit, when Issued, shall be preserved and returned to this Department, as its regu- lations may require, by the proper officer or person on each boat or vessel, and by the proper person in charge of any train of cars or vehicle on which any such body may be carried from said city. street number where such birth ^ took Provided, however, that t.he same effect shall be given, under this section, to transit permits issued severally by Boards of Health of cities, towns or villages in the State of New York, or by Boards of Health that may ho hereafter organized, pursuant to Daws of Ihe Slate of Now York, or when Issued by the Health Offi- cer of any such city, town or village, as to a transit permit Issued from this Board, when the death of the person named in the permit shall have occurred in the city, town or village, from which such permit sliall have been Issued. And provided that the some effect shall be given under this section to a transit per- mit issued under the laws of the States of MaiDe, Connecticut or New Jersey, as to a transit permit issued by this Board; subject, nevertheless, in every case, to ail the care, precautions and diligence pre- scribed by the rules and regulations of of Health of place, the sex, color of the child, and also, as near as the same can he ascer- tained, the name of the eald child, the number of previous children born of the mother, the number now living, the name, residence, birthplace, aud age of the parents; the occupation of the father and the maiden namo of the mother; and to file a written copy of the tbs best of tbeir knowledge, lnforma- i on and belief. Sec., 160. It shall be the duty of the next of kin of any person deceased, and of each being with sueffi debased the Board o. % Department person at his or her death, to report. In The City of ^ ' art- writing, to the depart nc nt of health. S< ' lb.,a No transit pet within five days after am h death, the granted for the iemo\al oi age, color, nativity, last occupation and ■ ause of death of such deceased person and the place of such person’s death and last residence. Physicians who have at- tended deceased persons In their last, ill- ness shall niako and preserve a legist niit shall be burial of the remains of any person who may have die! In the City of New Yorlc. unless a cer- * tlflcate o' death, made out upon a blank form furnished by this Department and signed by a physician upon whom baa been conferred the degree of Dortor of of stieh death, stating the cause thereof i Medicine, bo filed In Ihe Bureau of Rec- and specifying the date. hour, place and street number of such death, and shall. In the report of the death of such per- sons. specify, as near aa the same nan bn ascertained, the date of death. sex. name and surname, age. occupation. t'-rm of residence In said city, place of nativity, (ondltlou of life, whether -lngl». married, widowed or divorced, tolor, last pla ordf. of this Department. Sec. 16-1. No person shall retain, ex- pose. or allow to be retained or exposed, the dead body of any human being to the peril or prejudice of the life or health of any person. Sec 186. No person shall allow to be retained unburied the dead body of any human being for a longer time than four f residence, the names and blr hpige*s ' days or where death has resulted fiom f the parents, the maiden name of the I small-pox, diphtheria (croup). ► ■ arl-.f. mother, and th* caus" of dea deceased persons an J l bo orov rs of the y. In such cases as an inquel may have bean hsld. shall, la their - ill a *.-s -inform to the requirements of this i» - tior. Every physician In said city shall >•- s sttr his or btr nsme tui sd-ires* In the of such I fever, yellow fever, typhus fever, ria^ue, Asiatic chole v or measles, for * longer lime than twenty-four hum -s . .• f t •- :• austh of such person, without » permit hum the sanitary superintendent or s" *»- distant sanitary superintendent which pumlt hall specify th" length ' ’i.ii*- Jurli c ahi 'b such body may t» i»;«'a»1 unburied. This ordinance skull no-2 IJ?1 ! , to bodies retained in a ay publio Bt'cdfyuf In The City of New York. Sec. 166. It shall be the fluty of erne, person who has discovered or seen the body of a dead httEaa’.* being. or any part thereof (if thsv*’ u reae.se, S 09 sack per- son to think tea t**> fae of the death, or the place <* 9tt»c bod/ « pas* thereof, ia not publicly known), to immediately communicate to the bureau of records ihe fact of such discovery of such body, the place where, and time when, the same was discovered or seen, and where the same is or may be found, and any facts known by which said body may be identified, or the cause of death ascertained. Cemeteries. Sec. 167. No interment of the dead body of any human being, or disposition there- of in any tomb, vault, crematory, or cemetery, shall be made within The City of New York, without a permit therefor, granted by the board of health, nor otherwise than in accordance therewith, and 6aid dead body shall bo placed in a metallic or tin-lined box, or a box so constructed as to prevent the issuance of any liquids therefrom; and no sexton or other person shall assist in, or assent to. or allow any such intovment, or aid or assist about preparing any grave or place of deposit for any such body, or assist iu the cremation of the same, for ■which such permit has not been given authorizing the same. And It shall be the duty of every person who shall receive any such permit, to preservo and to re- turn the same t,o this department, as its regulations may require. Sec. IBS. No new crematory, hurviug- ground, cemetery, tomb, or vault for dead human bodies shall be established, nor shall the remains of any dead body b» placed in any existing burying-grouud. vault, tomb, or cemetery in The City of New York, nor any of said receptacles be opened, exposed, or disturbed, except ac- cording to the terms of a permit thereto r given by the board of health, and every body buried in any such place shall b* buried to the depth of six feet below the surface of the ground, and four feet be low auy closely adjacent street, except that in the Borough of Queens a Dody may be buried to the depth of threa feet below the surface of the ground. No food, beverage, or o#her article for human consumption shall be sold, ex- posed or offered for sale in any ceme tery or burylng-ground within The City of New York. Sec. 169. Every person who acts as a sexton or undertaker In The City of New York, or has the charge or caro of any crematory, vault, tomb, burying ground, or cemetery for the reception of the dead, or where the bodies of any human beings are deposited, shall cause his or her name and residence, and the nature of his or her charge and duties, to be reg- istered with this department. Sec. 170. Every sexton and other pci- son having charge of eny crematory, hurylng-grouad. cemetery, tomb or v*u1< in The City of New York, shall, before twelve o'clock on Monday of each week, i make return to this department of the bode s and persons burled or cremated since their last return, and in such form, and specifying such particulars, as the special regulations of this dopartmam shall require. Coroner*. See. 171. At least two hours before th. holding of any Inquest within The City of New York upon a dend body, the coroner who has been notified of any death, or who may propose or intend to hold suco Inquest, shall transmit and cause to b* delivered to the bureau of records wrlt- ton notice containing the following facts *o far as known or reported to any such coroner; I The fact of eny such call for tbs rijijing of an Inquest, and by whom mala. I when and from whom received by th* r The place (glvinr th* street and number, and If there br sons. ..’otr particulars) » here (he body 80 BUILDING AND HEALTH LAWS AFFECTING The CITY OF NEW YORK. S. What is reported to be the cause of the death. 4. When and where the death took place, and where the body has since been. 5. When and where he proposes to hold the inquest, giving the street, the street number (or otherwise sufficiently desig- nating such place), and the hour. 6. What physician, or physicians, or other professional person last attended such deceased person, or attended such person withiu forty-eight hours of such decease. At any time after the commencement of any inquest, the coroner holding or who should hold, or who held such in- quest, shall within twelve hours after the receipt of a written request so to do from the sanitary superintendent, answer in writing such of the following or such other questions as may be propounded to him by the said sanitary superintendent to the best of his knowledge, information, and belief. Report of coroner (here insert cor- oner’s name) upon the body of (here fill In name or description of deceased), on the (-here fill year, month, and day), at (here mention street and number). 1. What was the age, sex, and last oc- cupation. residence, aDd nativity of such deceased person? 2. At what house or place, and in or near what street or avenue, at what num- ber therein did such deceased person die? 3. If such deceased person died of any poison, when and where was the same administered, and what was the kind of poison ? 4. If such deceased person died of vio- lence, when and where was the same committed, and upon what part of the body and organs, and of what did it con- sist? 5. If such deceased person died of any other cause, state such cause, and when and where the cause took effect upon or was received by the deceased? 6. Who was last in care of or with such deceased parson, and at what place and at what time before death, and when, giving the full name and residence of each such person. V. What were the name and residence of the physician and persons who last at- tended. and of each physician and person ■who within forty-eight hours of such death attended upon such deceased per- son. and where did he so attend; and whether said physician was notified of or attended and was examined at such in- quest? 8. The times, places, and dates of hold- ing the inquest, and the names and resi- dences by street number of the jurors and witnesses that atteuded, and dates of their attendance, and when and where the body of the deceased was present at such inquest? 9. Was any post-mortem examination made, and if so, when, where, and by whom, and who was present thereat? It shall be the duty of all coroners In said city to make return to the bureau of records of all inquisitions by them taken, except when by law such inquests are required to be filed elsewhere, and such return shall include the evidence taken on such inquest, and the verdict of the jury, and the full names and resi- dences of the several jurymen. And in all cases where the inquest may be required by law to be filed elsewhere such eoroDer shall make return to said bureau of a copy of such inquest, includ- ing a copy of such evidence and verdict; all such returns shall be made within forty-eight hours after the holding of anv and every Inquest. Railroad Cars. Sec. 173. Each and every car used upon any railroad in The City of New York for the carrying of passengers shall, on each and every day on which it may bo used, be carefully and thoroughly cleaned, so that all refuse, dirt and filth are removed from the insido of said car. Sec. 174. No person shall at. any time carry or convey in or upon any passenger railroad car, nor shall any conductor or person tn charge of any such railroad car permit or allow to be carried or con- veyed in or upon such car, except on the front platform thereof, any soiled or dirty articles of clothing or bedding. Sec 175. Every car used for the carrying of passengers in The City of New York shall be constructed so as to provide and secure at all times good, adequate and sufficient ventilation. Sec. 177. No conductor, driver, gripman, or motorman of any railroad car or other vehicle running on tracks in The City of New York shall permit, allow or cause the same to be run. pulled, drawu or pro- pelled on. or around any curve on the surface of any public street or avenue of said city unless the means and appli- ances by which said car is operated and controlled are of such character and efficiency that the movement of said car is entirely and at ail times under abso- lute control, so that the cm' can be stopped at will at any point of said curve, and be held motionless upon it or be moved upon it or around it at any desired rate of speed less than the maxi- mum speed of operation; and no person, corporation, superintendent, or other per- son who is interested in or who owns or has the management and control of any such car or vehicle, shall permit it to be so run, pulled, drawn or propelled, or placed in service, unless properly pro- vided with means and appliances as aforesaid. No conductor, driver, gripman or motorman of any railroad car or other vehicle running on tracks in The City of New York, shall permit, allow or cause the same to be run. pulled, drawn or pro- pelled on or around any curve on the surface of any public street or avenue at a rate of speed which is dangerous or detrimental to life, and no person, cor- poration, superintendent or other person who is interested in or who owns or has the management and control of any such car or vehicle shall permit, it to bo so run. pulled, drawn or propelled. Spittinw. Sec. 178. Spitting upon the sidewalk of any public street, avenue, park, public square or place in The City of New York, or upon the floor of any hall in any tene- ment house which is used in common by the tenants thereof, or upon the floor of any hall or office in any hotel or lodging house which is used in common by the guests thereof, or upon the floor of any theater, store, factory or of any build- ing .which is used in common by the pub- lic. or upon the floor of any ferryboat, railroad car or other public conveyance, or upon the floor of any ferry house, depot or station, or upon the station platform or stairs of any elevated rail- road or other common carrier, or into the street from the cars, stairs or plat- forms of the elevated railroad, is hereby forbidden. The corporations or persons owning or having tho management or control of any such building, store, factory, ferryboat, railroad ear or other public conveyance, ferry house, depot or station, station platform or stairs of any elevated rail- road or other common carrier, are here- by required to keep permanently posted in each or said places a sufficient number of notices forbidding spitting upon the floors and calling attention to the pro- visions of this section. It is hereby made tho duty of every corporation or person engaged in the manufacture of cigars, cigarettes or to- bacco. or conducting the business of printing in The City of New York, where ten or more persons are employed on the premises, to provide proper receptacles for expectoration. Such receptacles are to be in proportion of one for every two persons so employed, and they are to he cleansed and disinfected at least once every twenty-four hours. A copy of the preceding paragraph must be kept posted in a conspicuous place in every factory or printing office mentioned therein. Dnrbcr Shop*. Sec. 179. Every barber shop In The City of New York shall bo conducted tn ac- cordance with regulations adopted from time to time by the board of health. A copy of such regulations must be posted in a conspicuous place in every such bar- ber shop. Soisc. Sec. 180. No persoD owning, occupy- ing or having charge of any building or premises shall keep or allow thereon or therein any animal or bird, which shall by noise disturb the quiet or repose 'of any person therein or in the vicinity, to the detriment of the life or health of any human being. Smoke. See. 181. No person shall cause, suffer or allow dense smoke to be discharged from any building, vessel, stationary or locomotive engine, place or premises within The City of New York, or upon the waters adjacent thereto, within the Jurisdiction of said city. All persons participating In any violation of this pro- vision. either as proprietors, owners, ten- ants, managers, superintendents, cap- tains, engineers, firemen or otherwise, shall be severally liable therefor. Cocaine. Sec. 182. No cocaine or salt of cocaine, either alone or in combination with other substances, shall be sold at retail by any person in the City of New York except upon the prescription of a physician. Milk Receptacle*. Sec. 183. It shall be the duty of all persons having In their possession bot- tles, cans or other receptacles containing milk or cream, which are used In the transportation and delivery of milk or cream, to clean or cause them to be cleaned immediately upon emptying. No person shall use or cause or allow to he used any receptacle which is used in the transportation and delivery of milk or cream for any purpose whatso- ever other than the holding of milk or cream; nor shall any person receive or have in his possession any such recep- lacle which has not been washed after holding milk or cream or which i» un- clean in any way. Mid wive*. See. 184. No person other than * licensed ohyaician shall practice midwif- ery in the City of New York without a permit of the board of health authoriz- ing such practice, and no person unless authorized by la •' to do so shall conduct a lying-in hospital, home, or place for the care of pregnant and parturient women, or advertise, offer, or undertake 'to re- ceive and eare for them at such place, or at his home without a permit from the board of health. Oysters. Sec. 185. No oysters shall be held, kept or offered for sale anywhere in the City of New York, without a permit ,in writing from the board of health, and subject to the rules and regulations of said board. Tents In tlie City. Sec. 186. No tent stall be raised or erected nor shall any camp be established in the City of New York. to be used or occupied by any person as a place for living or sleeping unless adequate privies or v.aterclosets and a proper system of refuse disposal be provided in connection therewith, approved by the Board of Health; nor shall any such tent or camp be used or occupied without a permit in writing from said Board subject to the conditions thereof The application for said permit shall state tho number of tents or camps to be erected or estab- lished, together with the location there- of; the kind, number and situation of privies or wafereloset accommodations, and the method or means to be provided for disposing of refuse. Smoking In Sntnvnyi, Sec. 1ST. Smoking or carrying any light- ed cigar, cigarette or pipe, in or upon any stairway, platform, station or car of aoy railway maintained, operated or running underneath the ground surface, is hereby prohibited. LODGING HOUSE REGULATIONS ADOPTED FEBRUARY 7, 1911 At r meeting of the Board of Health of the Department of Health, held Feb- ruary 7, 1911, the following resolution was adopted: Resolved, That the rules and regula- tions for the operation of lodging houses in The City of New York, adopted by the Board of Health March 27, 1907. be and the same are hereby amended so as to read as follows: 1. The applicant, must file with the Department, In duplicate, a written ap- plication. dated, signed by himself, and correctly setting forth: a. The full name and address of the proprietor of the lodging house and of the owner of the premises: b. The location of the lodging house; r. Whether or not the building or any part thereof was used as a lodging house prior to January 1, 1898; d. The portions of the building it is Intended to use as a lodging house. 2. The applicant must file with the Department a certificate from the Bureau of Buildings and from the Fire Depart- ment to the effect that the said premises are in compliance with the Charter and with the regulations of the said Bureau of Buildings and Fire Department appli- cable to the said premises as a lodging house. 3. After the application for a lodging house permit Is made, the premises must be inspected by an employee of the De- partment of Health, who shall report, in writing, as to a. The character, construction and size of the building: b. Whether or not the building is con- nected with street sewer; c. Number, location and dimensions of each sleeping room; d. Number and size of outside win- dows in each sleeping room; e. Other Tentilatlon, If any. In each sleeping room; f. Number of water-closets on each floor; g. Number of set washbasins on each floor; h. Number and description of all bath- ing apparatus on each floor. PERMITS. No owner of a building containing rooms In any one of which there are more than three beds for the use of lodgers, or In which mor* than six per- sons are allowed to sleep, shall allow any part thereof to ho uaed as a lodg- ing house unless the Department of Health shall have Issued a permit for that purpose and unless such permit re- mains in force. No keeper of a lodging house contain- ing rooms In any ono of which there are more than three beds for the use of lodgers, or In which more than six per- sons are allowed to sleep, shall receive lodgers therein, unless he has received a permit from the Department of Health and unless such permit remains In force. No keeper of a lodging house contain- ing rooms In any one of which there are more than three beds for the use of lodg- ers, or In which more than alx persons sre allowed to sleep, shall receive lodg- ers therein, without displaying continu- ously end conspicuously. In the ofllce or hall thereof, a strait tor that purpoae by the Department of Health; such pef- mit shall be valid only for the premises and for the period described therein. NUMBER OK DODGERS PERMITTED. No keeper of a lodging house contain- ing rooms in any one of which there are more than three beds for the use of lodg- ers, or in which more than six persons arc allowed to sleep, shall receive lodg- ers therein, without displaying continu- ously and conspicuously in each sleeping room a card issued for said room by the Department of Health, setting forth the greatest number of lodgers it is per- mitted to accommodate in said room, and also a copy of these and such other rules and regulations as the said Department may require to be thus displayed. No keeper of a lodging house shall ac- commodate in any sleeping room thereof a number of lodgers greater than the number set forth on the card issued for said room by said Department, nor shall he accommodate any lodger in any room in which a card duly issued therefor is not displayed as above described. VENTILATION. In every lodging house each room shall be adequately ventilated as required by law and to the satisfaction of the De- partment of Health. In every sleeping room there shall bo provided not less than 400 cubic feet of air space per bed. Neither .side of any bod shall be at any time nearer than two feet to the side of any other bed. All beds shall be so arranged that the air (shall circulate freely under each of them. In the rase of all lodging houses for which permits are for the first time ap- plied for after the year 19X0, no beds or bunks shall be placed one above anotner. AIRING, ETC. Except when extreme severity of the weather prevents, all windows of sleeping rooms, water-closets, washrooms and bathrooms shall be kept open at least one foot at the bottom and one foot at the top. from 10 A.M. ,o 2 P.M. dally. Beds occupied at night shall be va- 1 cater] by 10 A.M. and the bedding thereof shall be turned over and exposed to the air from 10 A.M. to 2 P.M. dally. For the accommodation of lodgers I working by night, special beds or rooms (shall be «e t apart for their use during the day, but the bedding of such beds must be turned over anrl exposed to the ! air In a room with outside windows, open as above described, for at least four con- secutive hours dally. Only servants at work or day sleepers I that work at nigh* nhall be allowed In i sleeping rooms be. ween 10 A.M. and 2 ; P M. BED* AND BEDDING. In every lodging house there shall b I provided for each lodger h separate he ■ with bedstead, bedding and bedclothe , satisfactory to the Department of Healli All mattresses shall be provided wit j waterproof coverings end shall be so at ( ranged so as to bo at all times sasii t ?ap*et« e* uoroqj.. •aspeerlew. All beds, bedding, mattresses and pil- lows shall always be kept clean and fre* from vermin. Sheets and pillowcases shall be kept In a condition clean and satisfactory to the Department of Heaitr. In the case of all lodging houses for which permits are for the first time ap- plied for after the year 1910, the frames of all beds be of metal. CUBICLES. All cubicles shall be so constructed that the partitions thereof shall not ex- tend higher than seven feet above the floor, and there shall be a space of at. least six inches between the bottom of such partitions and the floor. In every sleeping room all windows opening to the outer air shall be sep- arated from any cubicle in such room by an unobstructed corridor of a width sat- isfactory to the Department of Health. WATER-CLOSETS. In every lodging house there shall be provided water-closets in the ratio of at least one water-closet to every fifteen bods or fraction thereof. In every lodging house for which a per- mit shall be first applied for after Feb- ruary 1. 1911, there shall be provided at least one water-closet on each floor, and water-closets shall be provided on every floor in the ratio of : least one to every fifteen beds or fraction thereof on such floors. Every water-closet shall be properly ventilated by an unobstructed opening to the outer air. No gas or offensive odors shall he al- lowed to escape from any water-closet, sewer or outlet In o any sleeping room or part thereof. Each water-closet shall be provided with a eelf-closiug door, which shall be cut away at the bottom so as to provide adequate ventilation. In no lodging house shall any person be allowed to sleep In a room In which there Is a water-closet. In every lodging house for which a per- mit shall be first applied for after Feb- ruary 1. 1911, there shall be provided at least one washroom on each floor. Iu every lodging house there shall he provided washrooms with running water, set washbasins or other individual wash- ing appliances satisfactory In character to the Department if Health. Such indi- vidual appliances shall be provided in proportion to the number of beds in the lodging house, as follows: One such ap- pliance for every tcD beds or fraction thereof. B ATlIfi. In every lodging house shower baths shall be provided in the ratio of at Ivast one shower bath for every fifty beds or fraction thereof, or tub baths shall be provided In the ratio of at. least ono tub bath to every twenty-five beds or fraction thereof. All such baths shall be provided with hot and cold running water and shall he at all times accessible for the use of lodgers free of charge. WATER AND TOWELS. In every lodging house there shall h* at all times provided for the uss of k>df- t 82 LODGING HOUSE REGULATIONS ers, free of charge, an adequate supply of water and clean towels. FLOORS AND WALLS OF WATER- CLOSETS, ETC. In every lodging house the floors of all water-closets, -washrooms and bathrooms, and the walls thereof to a height of at least four feet above the floor, shall be constructed of such durable, waterproof material as may be approved by the De- partment of Health. CLEANLINESS. Every lodging house and every part thereof shall be at all times kept clean and free from dirt, filth, garbage and rubbish in or on the premises belonging to or connected with the same. All water-closets, washbasins, baths, windows, fixtures, fittings and painted surfaces shall be at all times kept thor- oughly clean and in good repair. The floors, walls and ceilings of all rooms, passage and stairways must be at all times kept clean and in good repair. If painted with oil, all walls and ceil- ings shall be thoroughly washed with soap and water at least twice yearly, and at such other times as the Department of Health may direct. SPITTING AND CUSPIDORS. In each hall, room, cubicle, water- closet, washroom and bathroom of every lodging house there shall be provided a sufficient number of cuspidors or spit- toons. - In every such room, etc., there shall be continuously and conspicuously displayed a sign, “Spitting forbidden except in proper receptacles." All such cuspidors and spittoons shall be of durable waterproof material and shall be thoroughly cleaned at least once daily, and shall be at all times main- tained in a condition satisfactory to the Department of Health. FUMIGATION. In every lodging house all sleeping rooms shall he fumigated at least once every two weeks, or at such shorter in- tervals as the Department of Health may direct. ILLNESS. It shall he the duty of the keeper, agent or owner of every lodging house to immediately report to the Department of Health the occurrence of any illness la such house. NO WOMEN OR CHILDREN LODGED. In no lodging house in which men are lodged shall any woman or girl be lodged or any boy under the age of sixteen years, unless accompanied by his father or legal male guardian. ISOLATION ROOM. In every lodging house there shall bo set apart at least one room, satisfactory to the Department of Health, which shall be reserved at all times as a place in which any lodger falling ill at said house may be isolated. Any failure on the part of the keeper of the lodging house to comply strictly with the Laws of the State of New York and the rules and regulations of the De- partment of Health, may result In th® revocation of the permit. R. A. BACHIA y CA. MANUFACTURERS OF HAVANA CIGARS 83 Walker St. NEW YORK Our Brand, Renowned for Quality and Uniformity, is Stocked by the Best Clubs and Hotels. GARAGE REGULATIONS I ^ >VITH ALL AMENDMENTS TO DATE. Resolution adopted at a meeting ot the Municipal Explosives Commission held at the Headquarters of the Fire De- partment, City of New York, December 20th, 1905, amending the regulations of the Municipal Explosives Commission, and •atabllshing Oarage Regulations for the City of New York. Resolved, That sections thirty-eight, thirty-nine, forty and forty-one of part seven ot the regulations of the Municipal Explosive* Commission be and are hereby repealed; and be it further resolved that the Regulations of the Municipal Explosives Commission be and are hereby amended by adding new part number ten, to be known as the Garage Regula- tions ot the City of New York, and to read as follows: «—>■* i — ..n.. — ... — PART X. GARAGE REGULATIONS. Title. Section 1. These regulations shall be known as the Garage Regulations of the City of New York. Definitions. Sec. 2. Certain word3 used in these regulations are defined for the purpose thereof as follows: (1) "Approved” means approved by | the Fire Commissioner. (2) "Volatile inflammable liquid” is any J liquid that will emit an inflammable j vapor at a temperature below 100 F. when tested in — fa) The open air, or— fb) The closed pyrometer of Giuseppe Tagiiahue. (?,) An "Automobile" is any self-pro- pelling vehicle. M) A "garage” is— (a) That portion ot a building in which any automobile carrying volatile inflammable liquid is kept, whether said automobile be kept for use, for sale, for rental, for exhibition, or for demon- atrating purposes, and (b) All that portion of a building that Is on or below the floor or floors on which so automobile carrying a volatile in- flammable liquid is kept, aud is not separated therefrom by tight, unpierced fire-walls and floors. Aolhorlfy for «he*e rfgnlsl Ion*. Sec, 3. These regulations are estab- l »h»d under aulhoritv of two separate ; ordinances adopted by the Board of Aldermen May 13th, 1902. and approved hr the Mayor May 19th. 1902. each en- titled "An ordinance to regulate the *»|e, use and transports' ion of explo- sives in the City nf New lork." Prohibitions. Sec. 4. An automobile carrying a vola- tile Inflammable liquid shall not be placed In a building that has not hern licensed as a garage by the Fire Com- missioner. Section 5. violation, a in lade in eon or. Section 33# of the Penal Code provides that "A person who makes or keeps gun- powder, nltro-glycei Ine. or any other ex- plosive or combustible material, within a| city or village, or carries such material' through the streets thereof. In » quantity! or manner prohibited by law or by ordi- j nance of the city or village, is guilty of a mtsdf meaner. ” lei r+nu+m. Section 6 (As amended). Licenses— Licenses shall — (1) Be Issued— fa) Ry the Are commissioner: (bi Subject toall the conditions ofth»-e ('gulatiocs, and such further restriction* as the Are commissioner may deem neces- sary. (c) For the term during which all the conditions and restrictions are strictly observed, for the period of one year; (2) Terminate immediately on any vio- lation of these regulations or the restric- tions imposed by the Are commissioner; (3) Be revoked by the fire commissioner should he deem that the interest of pub- lic safety so demands: (4) Not to be issued for a building- fa) Occupied in any part as a dwelling, a hospital, a theater, a church, a school, or as a hoarding, lodging, or tenement house — the only exception to this provis- ion is that a license may be granted for a private garage in a building occupied in part as a dwelling by the family of an owner, a lessee or an employe; but in case the said building in which the pri- vate garage is to be located is of fire- proof construction throughout, and the living apartments separated from the garage by unpierced fireproof walls and floors, the same may be occupied by two families, each of which shall be the fami- ly of an owner, a lessee or an employe of the licensee: (b) Where, at any one time, more than ten people congregate in a portion of the building that is outside of the garage and is not separated therefrom by un- pierced approved fire walls and floors; (c) Where all sewer connections from washstands and sinks are not provided with an approved oil trap with a glass gauge pipe and a draw-off cock, in a readily accessible place. (6) Not authorize the keeping of more than — fa i Ten gallons of volaiile Inflammable liquid in approved safety cans, fb) Thirteen hundred and seventy-five gallons f2."> barrels) of volaiile inflam- mable liquid in underground storage tanks. (c) One hundred and twenty pounds of calcium carbide In air light containers; (C) Be issued for a garage at an annual fee of 310, and may authorize — fa) The keeping of — (1) Automobile* carrying volatile in- flammable liquid, 12) Volatile Inflammable liquid, 13) Calcium carbide; fb) The sale of — (1) Volatile inflammable liquid for fill- ing the tanks of automobiles by trans- ferring such liquid from the underground storage tanks Into the tanks of automo- biles on the premise* of the garage, (2) Calcium carbide; (7) Be Issued for a private garage a' an annual fee nf $2 and— 1st May authorize the keeping of (1) Automobiles carrying volatile in- fiafnmable liquid, provided that, all stub vehicle* are used for the licensee'* indi- vidual use, and are neither rented out nor used to earry passengers for hire. 12) Volatile inflammable liquid for use ' In such automobiles. (3) Calcium carbide for use In such au- tomobiles. (b) Shall not authorize the sale of— (1) Volatile inflammable liquid. (2) Calcium carbide. Section Y. Safety Can*. Approved safety cans for storing vola- tile inflammable liquid in a garage shall be of a capacity of five gallons or less, and when not in use shall sit in drip pans, either in a pump house or in an approved closet: (a) Portable Ailing tanks for transport- ing volatile inflammable liquids from tha storage tank to the automobile may bs used under the following conditions: fl) Application must be made to the fire commissioner for a special permit in the case of each tank to be used. (2) The tank must be kept only in th# pump house or in a storage closet of ap- proved construction when not in use. (3) The construction of the tank and its carraige must conform to the follow- ing specifications and must otherwlsa meet (he approval of the fire commis- sioner. (4) Specifications — The tank shall. If cylindrical, have concave heads, body of i.i-inch mild steel, the heads of the same material. 3-16-inch thick; if rectangular the tanks shall be made of 3-16-lnch mild steel throughout. All joints shall b* riveted and caulked and all pipe connec- tions shall be reinforced. The capacity of the lank shall not exceed 50 gallons. Tit# tank shall be carried on a strong iron frame, firmly attached to It and provided with rubber-tired wheels. The tank shall be discharged by pumping and not by air pressure, and the outlet shall be free from leakage when the pump Is not work- ing. No hose attached to the lank shall he more than eight, feet; in lenglh. All hose connections shall ba Keystone brass unions. Safely rnn close!*. Sec. 8. Closets for storing garage safety cans shall — (1) Not be larger than required for the purpose ; (2) Be lined Inside and covered outside with sheet tin applied with lock Joints and blind nailed: (3) Be ventilated to the outer air; (4) Be in an unexposed location. Delivery of volatile I n fln ni nia III* llqnid. See. 9. The delivery of volatile Inflam- mable liquid to a garage shall be mad* In daylight only and shall be made — fl) Itt barrels or safety cans, or — (2) From a barrel-wagon. Delivery In barrel* or *nfely ran*. See. It). The barrels or safety cans id which volatile Inflammable liquid Is de- livered to a garage shall linmr.i |y be — (1) Placed •Sc**^* 1 d* tuiak* »( fillin' pipe; 84 BUILDING AND HEALTH LAWS AFFECTING THE CITY OF NEW YORK. ( 2 ) Emptied into tank by means ot a jump or siphon, and— (3) Removed from the premises forth- with. Delivery from barrel wagons. Sec. 11. Barrel wagons delivering vola- tile inflammable liquid to a garage — (1) Shall be provided with a metallic hose and an automatic shut off valve at hose coupling to barrels on wagon; (2) Shall not enter the building; (3) Shall couple hose to filling pipe connection outside of building. Storage tanks. Sec. 12. Storage tanks shall — (1) Not be installed until application with plans and specifications showing full details of location and construction of tank and ali connections, has been approved by the Fire Commissioner; (2) Not be placed — (а) Under a sidewalk or in a sidewalk area unless it shall be shown to the satisfaction of the Fire Commissioner that there are physical conditions that make if, impracticable to install it. else- where; nor — (b) Inside any building that is more than one story high, or that has a cellar or a basement; (3) Not have a capacity in excess of two hundred and seventy-five gallons; ( 4 ) Be made of iron or steel at least three-eighths of an inch in thickness: (51 Be coated on the outside with tar or other rust resisting material; (б) Have all joints tightly caulked; (7) Be tested by hydrostatic pressure, one hundred lbs. to the square inch; (8) Have all pipe connections at the top; (9) Be buried at least two feet imder ground, and in addition to being two feet under ground, (a) Tanks that are to be filled by a pipe from the street shall be buried at least two feet lower than the grade of the street, (b) Tanks that are within ten feet of sny building shall — if practicable — be buried two feet lower than the level of the lowest cellar floor in any such build- ing; (10) Be embedded In twelve Inches of Portland cement concrete well tamped In place, and — (a) Should there he more than one tank, they shall be separated by at least twelve inches or such concrete, and— (b) Should a tank be within ten feet of the building and not be buried at least two feet lower than the level of the low- est cellar floor of such building, it shall be embedded and surrounded by Portland cement concrete twelve inches in thick- ness to top of tank; (11) Be provided with a filling pipe, a vent pipe, and (if not more than thirty feet from all buildings) a drawing off pipe; (12) Be provided with an improved pump or with an approved pressure ap- paratus for drawing off contents: (13) Not to be placed so that the top of tank shall be below the drawing off point. Vent pipe. Sec. 13. The vent pipe shall be— U) Made of one inch or larger wrought Iron pipe, with — (a) Heavy cast iron fittings, (b) Screw joints made with litharge and glycerine; (2) Connected with top of storage tank; (3) Provided with a screen of thirty mesh brass wire at or near the tank connection; ( 4 ) Carried up to the outer air, be well braced in position, and — (a) Either capped with a double goose neck with openings— (1) At least ten feet higher than roof of garage, (2) More than twenty feet from all windows in higher adjacent buildings, and— (3) Covered with a brass wire screen of one-sixieentb inch mesh; (b) Or closed by a shut off cock so ar- ranged that the filling pipe cannot be opened without opening the vent, and the opening to the shut off cock shall be — (1) Directly over storage tank, (2) More than thirty feet from all buildings, (3) Covered by a screen of thirty mesh brass wire, (4) Closed by a screw cap when not in use, and — (5) Enclosed in a metal box, with a cover that is flush with the surface of the ground and is kept locked when not in use. Filling' pipe. Sec. 14. The filling pipe shall be — (1) Made of two inch or larger wrought iron pipe, with — (a) Heavy cast iron fittings, and — (b) Screw joints made with litharge and glycerine; (2) provided with screens of thirty mesh brass wire, (a) One at or near the tank connec- tion, and — (b) One just below the filling cock, or valve; (3) Closed at the intake by a filling cock or valve, the opening of which shall be closed by a screw cap when not in use; (4) Connected with top (or with valve connecting therewith) and extend down to the bottom of storage tank; (5) Laid at a uniform grade so that it will drain empty in the tank; (8) Carried up and terminate with the intake and filling cock or valve in — (a) The pump house, or — (b) A metal box with a cover that is flush with the surface of the ground, is kept locked when not in use, and is more than thirty feet from all buildings; or — (7) Carried up and out of the building and terminate in a covered box of heavy iron sunken at the curb flush with the sidewalk, kept locked when not in use, and in this case the shut off valve shall be provided with a coupling for attaching the hose of a barrel-wagon, and shall only be used for receiving volatile in- flammable liquid from barrel-wagons. Pninps. Sec. 15. Pumps for delivering volatile Inflammable liquid shall— (1) If within thirty feet of any build- ing, be located in a fireproof pump house; (2) Have a shut off valve, with ground key, on the nozzle; (3) Have a check valve between pump and nozzle; (4) Have screw stuffing box for pump rod; (5) Have stuffing box for pump rod higher than outlet of pump. Pomp liOQBM shall not be placed In certain locations. Sec. 16. No pump bouse containing an intake or filling cock or, valve for storage tanks shall be placed— (1) In a building more than one story high; (2) In a building that has a cellar or basement; (3) In the cellar or the basement of any building; (4) In an area between a building and a sidewalk; (5) Under a sidewalk; or — (6) Within the stoop line. Pnmp house. Sec. 17. The pump house shall have— (1) No greater capacity than required for— (a) Handling the volatile inflammable liquid, and — (b) Storing the safety cans; (2) A cement floor and in case a said pump house contains an intake or filling cock or valve for storage tanks, said floor must be at least six Inches lower than the door sill, but not more than twelve inches below the grade of the ground where located; 3. Heavy galvanized irCD drip pans— (a) One to be kept under nozzle of pump, and (b) If the pump contains an Intake or filling cock or valve for storage tanks, one to cover entire floor of pump house. (4) If within thirty feet of a building- fa) Brick walls at least twelve Inches thick, (b) A brick roof at least eight Inches thick covered with Portland Cement mor- tar, and — (c) Either — (1) An approved brick ventilating flue, or — (2) An approved galvanized iron venti- lating pipe, (d) No opening through the walls or roof, except a doorway closed by an ap- proved fire door, but — (5) If not within thirty feet of any building, a pump house may be— (a) Built of metal, (b) Ventilated by four metal louvered openings twelve by twelve inches, two at the floor and two at the roof on opposite sides of the building. BrlcU ■ventilating; lines. Sec. 18. A brick ventilating flue shall be used where the pump house is located in- side another building and shall — (1) Be built in the wall opposite the door; (2) Be lined with tile pipe, eight by eight inches inside measure; (3) Extend from the floor up to and through roof of the pump house to at least four feet higher than roof of the garage; (4) Be capped with an eight inch or larger, eighteen gauge galvanized iron double goose neck, with openings remote at least ten feet from windows of higher adjacent buildings; (5) Have an opening — (a) At the floor, six by eight inches. (b) At the ceiling, at least four by six 'nches, (c) At each end of the double goose neck the full size of the pipe; and— (6) Have all openings protected by wire brass screens not coarser than one- eighth mesh. Y'entllatlngr pipe. Section 19. Ventilating pipe— A ventilating pipe shall— (1) Be made of galvanized iron of not less than 18 gauge. (2) Be not less than S inches in diame- ter. (3) Extend from 3 inches above the floor up to and through the roof of pump house to 4 feet higher than roof of gar- age. (4) Be capped by an 8-inch or larger 18 gauge galvanized iron double goose neck, with openings remote at least 10 feet from windows of higher adjacent build- ings. (5) Have an opening- fa) Three inches above the floor, the full size of pipe. (b) At the ceiling, at least 4 by S Inches. (0) At each end of the double goose neck, the full size of pipe; and— (6) Have all openings protected by wire brass screens not coarser than one- eighth Inch mesh. Prosnrt eyatem. Sec. 20. Pressure systems for deliver- ing volatile inflammable liquid from storage tanks :hall — (1) Be so arranged that the gasoline will return through .ipes by gravity to the storage tank when system Is drained; (2) Be connected, in a manner that will prevent the s tiling of the volatile In- flammable liquid, to a drawing off cock or cocks situate — (a) At a permanent filling station, or — (b) In a pump house. Filling Station. Sec. 21. Filling stations shall be lo- cated at least twenty feet distant from the entrance to the garage, shall have a tight, unpierced i ueut or other ap- RULES OF THE MUNICIPAL EXPLOSIVES COMMISSION 85 proved fireproof Boor, graded to a cen- ter, and unconnected with the sewer or drainage system of -he building. The floor shall be kept free from volatile inflammable liquid by sponging or swab- bing. The room shall be kept free of In- flammable vapors either by natural or by forced ventilation. Fire, light*, etc. Sec. 22. No stove, forge, torch, boiler or other furnace, flame, fire or fire heat, no electric dynamo, motor, hoist or other ex- terior sparking electric appliance, and no artificial light (except the incandescent electric light) shall be used or allowed — (1) In a garage, or — (2) In any portion of a building on or below the topmost floor of the garage that is not — (a) Provided with an entrance on the outside of the building, and — (b) Separated from the garage by un- pierced. approved firewalls and floors. Provided, however, that upon applica- tion being made the fire commissioner may, in his discretion, modify the pro- visions of the section relative to electric motors and electric switches in any fire- proof building already erected or that may be hereafter erected. Fire and lights on automobiles. Sec. 23. All fire and lights on an automo- bile, or under the boiler of an automo- bile, shall be extinguished before bringing the same into a garage, and shall not be lit while the same is in the garage. Movable electric lights and switches Sec. 24. Movable incandescent electric lights in a garage, and Bhall be fitted with keyless sockets; all electric switches and plugs shall be permanently located at least four feet above the floor. Smoking Prohibited. Sec. 25. Smoking is absolutely prohib- ited ' . » • "nrr.(«sioner in any room ! or place in which a volatile inflammable j liquid is kept, or in any room or hall ; opening into such room or place. A no- tice in large letters, “No smoking” shall be displayed in a conspicuous place and manner on all floors and at all entrances to the garage, and in all rooms and halls opening into the room or place in which a volatile inflammable liquid is kept or in which an automobile carrying a volatile inflammable liquid is kept. Handling and use of volatile inflam- mable lipuids. Sec. 26. No volatile inflammable liquid I shall be — ‘ (1) Vsed in a garage for cleaning or for any other purpose whatsoever other than filling the tanks of automobiles. (2) Allowed to run upon the floor or to fall or pass into the drainage system of the garage. (3) Put into or removed from the tank of an automobile while any light or fire on the same is burning. (4) Carried or kept in open vessels. (5) All volatile inflammable liquids and oils recovered from the oil traps, or by swabbing or sponging up spilled liquid shall be placed in an approved safety can of not over five gallons capacity. And all quantities in excess of live gallons shall be returned to the underground storage tank or removed from the prem- j ises forthwith. Sand to be kept on the premises. Bee. 27. Sand shall be kept— (1) In approved fire buckets, for fire ex- tinguishing purposes only. (2) In convenient receptacles, for use in absorbing waste oil on floors. (3) In bed or metal drip pans under each automobile kept on floors that are j not fireproof. Waste can*. Sec. 28. Self-closing metal cans set firm- ly on four-inch legs shall be kept on all floors for the purpose of holding all In- flammable waste material. Calcium carbide. Sec. 29. Calcium carbide shall be in air tight metal packages, which packages shall be kept at least six inches above the floor in a water tight container pro- vided with a securely fastened cover. Weekly reports of deliveries of vola- tile 1 n lluuimn b le liquid required. Sec. 30. Every licensed vendor of vo- latile inflammable by products of petrol- eum shall render to the fire commissioner each week a statement, verified as to its correctness by an affidavit, covering de- liveries for the week to points within the city. The report shall include all de- liveries of such liquid in quantities of five gallons or more; and shall be in de- tail as follows: (a) Date of delivery: (b) Name of buyer; (c) Point of delivery: (d) Number of gallons, name, and grav- ity of liquid. Such statement shall be on form pro- vided by the fire commissioner, and must be delivered by mail or messenger not later than the second business day in each week. . Sec. 31. It is hereby provided that the fire commissioner, in his discretion, may excuse any garage now constructed from a literal compliance with these rules. Sec. 32. For private garages, where no inflammable liquid is kept other than m the tanks of the automobiles, and where the fuel tanks of the automobiles are neither opened, emptied nor filled on the premises, the fire commissioner may, in his discretion, issue permits limited to such keeping of automobiles, subject to such requirements as i ’ i it. Rules of the I'.v icipal Explosives Commission in Regard to Blasting. PART II. Til IMPORTATION, SALE. STOR AGE AM) l SE OF Gl M'OWDEIl, NITRO- ULY (ERIN E, I)Y.U>IITE A.\D OTHEIt EYIM.OS1VES, CHAPTER I. LICENSES, BONUS 4 N L) CERTIFI- CATES OF FITNESS. Licenses. Section I. Any manufacturer or vendor of any explosive used lor olasling, as a propelling charge, or for the manuiacture of fireworks or detonators, beiore keep- ing on band, aellmg or giving away, or transporting or delivering sued explosive* within the city, shall apply to anu obtain from the Flic Commissioner, under the regulations as hereinafter prescribed, a license authorising the bringing in and delivery of such explosives under such terms, conditions, and penalties as may from lime to time be prescribed by ’he Municipal Explosives Commission. Fur such a license tbe applicant shell pay a fee of twenty-flve dollars, or such older sum as may be hereafter fixed. Bee. 2. All contractors and others now- engaged In or proposing hereafter to en- gage In any blasting operations shall make application In writing, upon blank forms to be furnished by the Fire De- partment. to the Fire Commissioner for a license to keep and use explosives, giv- ing name, location of office or place of bualness. the nature and the site of the work to be performed, the Intended lo- cation of the magazine or magazines, and the quantity and kind of explosives to be kept therein. Bee. 3. lipon compliance by the applicant with all the provisions of the law and the regulations prescribed by the municipal explosives commissioner, the tire comn.o slon»r, upon the payment of a fee of thirty dollars for each magazine of the first class, twenty dollars for each maga- zine of the second class, and ten dollars for each magazine of the third class, will issue a license to such applicant. Bonds. Sec. 4. Previous to the Issue of licenses as herein prescribed applicants shall fur- nish and file with the fire commissioner a bond, approved by the comptroller, con- ditioned for the payment of any loss, damage or Injury resulting to persons or property by reason of the use. sale or keeping of such explosives, and for the strict observance of the Charter and or- dinances of The City of New York and of these regulations. Said bonds shall be In amounts as follows, viz.: (a) For manufacturers, agents and all others who desire to bring to or sell in the City explosives as designated in Sec- tion 763 of the Charter as amended and changed by ordinance, a bond in the penal sum of $5,000, and in caso of delivery being by wagons an additional sun) of $5,000 for each and every wagon in ex- cess of ono wagon engaged within the City in the delivery of said explosives as provided herein. (b) For ail coDlractors or others now engaged In or purposing hereafter to en- gage In any blasting operations, a bond In one of the following classes shall be required : First— For the right to use or hare on hand In any one day explosives not ex- I reeding 50 pounds, a bond In the sura of $5,000. Second— For the right to use or have on hand in any one day explosives not ex- ceeding 100 pounds, a bond for not less I than $5,000 nor more than $10,000. Third— For the right to use or have on hand In any one day explosives not ex- ceeding 260 pounds, a bond for not less than $5,000 nor more than $15,000. Fourth- For the right to use or have ■ on hand in any one day explosives not exceeding 500 pounds, a bond for not less Ilian $5,000 nor more than $20,000. Fifth— For the right to use or have on hand in any one day explosives exceeding 500 pounds, a bond for not less c nan $5,000 nor more than $25,000. In accordance with the foregoing, per- mits may be granted by the fire commis- sioner for the right to use or have on hand in any one day more than 60 pounds 1 of explosives when the work requires it. ; In a place or places where an explosion will not put In Jeopardy a number of live* or a cons-derable amount of property, upon a bond of $5,000 being furnished; when explosives arc required to be used I in a place or places where an accident would be likely to Injure a number of people or seriously damage property, no permit shall be issued Iherefc-r until ap- j plication shall have been referred to the Municipal Explosives Commissioner fo r the determinal Ion of the amount of bond which shall be required. For the fivinar of said bonds in excess of $5,000, It shuil require In each case a unanimous veto of the members of the Municipal Explosives | Commission present. Certlflcnle of fitness. Sec. 5. Before any operation shall begin under a license for Ihe transportation or for the use of explosives in blasting us herein provided, the applicant shall des- ignate In writing the name or names of the person or persons whom he has desig- nated to load holes nr dlscdscn,. explo- sives, to prepare charges and load me holes to transport by wagon or other- wise, or to have the rare of magazines as herein provided, ami all such persons before being permitted to exercise any of such functions shall make an applica- tion in writing to the tire commissioner for a certificate of fitness, and, before the i>i> inn .f tli min', Hhall be examined 86 BUILDING AND HEALTH L'AWS ’AFFECTING THE CITY OF NEW YORK. and found to possess the qualifications hereinafter specified iu order that they may properly fill such positions under the regulations prescribed by the Municipal Explosives Commission. And no person • hall be permitted to have the actual care and handling of such explosives without having first obtained a certificate of fitness as herein provided. Certificates of fitness shall be subject to inspection at all times. For the issuance or renewal of any such certificate an annual fee of $5 shall be collected by the fire com- missioner. To receive a certificate of fitness the person must: (a) B e at least twenty-one years of age. (b) Be able to read the English lan- guage understandingly (provided, how - over, that if an applicant has held a cer- tificate of fitness for at least two years with a creditable record, he may be ex- empted from the above requirements as to reading). (c) Be of good habits. (d) Have letter of recommendation from last two employers if he has not been in the service of his last employer for at least three years, in which case a letter testifying to good character and capacity from last employer shall be satisfactory. (e) Be familiar with the provisions of the law and the regulations governing the transportation, storage and use of ex- plosives, particularly that part relating to the service to be performed by the ap- plicant. (f) Be familiar with the risks incident to the service to be performed by him, and capable of taking all necessary pre- cautions. Nothing herein contained shall prevent a licensee from applying for and obtain- ing a certificate of fitness. The actual work done must at all times be conducted by a person holding a certificate of fit- ness. CHAPTER II. Inspection. Sec. 6. A system of exact and frequent Inspection shall be made as provided by Bection seven hundred and seventy-one of the Greater New York Charter, and the Fire Commissioner shall cause the premises and work of all licensees to be Inspected at frequent and irregular in- tervals. Said inspection shall include detailed and exact examinations of the manner in which licensees are complying with the requirements of the regulations and whether all due and reasonable pre- cautions to avoid accidents are being taken, and shall include a verification that ’all employes who are performing work for which a certificate of fitness is required are in possession of same. The inspectors shall make a report in writ- ing to the Fire Commissioner at the close of each day’s inspection, stating condi- tions observed in the case of each li- censee, and these reports shall be kept on file’. In case any inspector discovers a serious menace to life, limb, or prop- erty, on the part of any licensee or any of his employes, he shall at once notify the Fire Commissioner, by telephone or otherwise, who will thereupon take such steps to correct the immediate danger as his judgment shall dictate, and for the infliction of appropriate penalties as provided herein. ch: pter hi. Trans port n* Ion. Sec. 7. Pure nitroglycerine or nitrogly- cerine in any form of solution other than the official United States Pharmacopoeia solution shall not be transported through the city. Sec. 8. Guncotton used in the arts, in amount not exceeding ten pounds dry weight, and containing at least an equal weight of water, may be transported in charge of a duly certified employe of a licensee. Sec. 9. No explosives shall be transport- ed by wagon through the streets of the city unless said wagon is in charge of a competent person holding a certificate of fitness, which certificate shall he open to inspection by any officer of the fire or police departments. Said certificates of fitness shall be issued only to employes of corporations, firms or persons duly li- censed by the Fire Commissioner to transport or sell explosives in the city. See. 10. A wagon used for transporta- tion of explosives shall be in good condi- tion for service. Sec. 11. A wagon used for transporta- tion of explosives after May 1, 1903, shall comply with the following specifications: 11 jail have (a) Springs. ( wooden top extending over bed, on d on both sides and back. An additional floor, laid lengthwise, o. sound material, not exceeding three inches wide, tongued and grooved, planed cmooth and fair and blind nailed. Sec. 12. No metal tools or other pieces of metal shall be carried within the wagon. Sec. 13. No exploders or others combus- tible material shall be transported in the same vehicle with explosives. Sec. 14. Not more than one thousand pounds of explosives shall be transported at any one time on a wagon through the streets of the city. Sec. 16. A wagon carrying blasting ex- plosives shall be in charge of at lease iwo men, each with a. certificate of fitness. As long as the horse or horses are at- tached to said wagon, one man must be constantly in charge of said horse or horses. The wagon is not ot he left unat- tended while It contains explosives, whether a horse or horses be attacned thereto or not. Sec. 15. A wagon carrying explosives shall be drawn by a horse or horses amply able to draw the load and avoid stoppages other than to load and unload, and no unnecessary stops or stands shall be made. Sec. 17. A wagon carrying blasting ex- plosives shall be painted red and have painted on it in easily legible white let- ters, at least 6 inches high, the world, “Dynamite,” and the owner's name ou the sides and back, and in case of a licensee having more than one wagon these shall be lettered in like manDer. “Wagon No. 1” or “Wagon No. 2,” etc. All wagons carrying blasting explosives shall display a red flag with the word danger in white letters, printed, stamped or sewn thereon. This flag shall be at least 18 inches bv 30 inches in size and shall be displayed on the front end of said wagon and at such height that it will be visible from all directions. This regulation shall be effective and enforced at the expiration of thirty days after it is approved by the Mayor. Sec. IS. A wagon carrying explosives shall avoid, whenevei possible, those streets on which there is a large number of persons. See. 19. The presence or interference of unauthorized persons during loading, unloading, or transportation shall not be allowed. Sec. 20. Carelessness or recklessness in conducting, or during loading or un- loading of. a vehicle carrying explosives shall not be permitted. Sec. 21. No intoxicated person shall be permitted on r. vehicle carrying explo- sives. Sec. 22. Smoking within ten feet of a wagon loaded with explosives shall not be permitted. Sec. 23. Explosives transported through the city shall be packed as follows: (a) Dynamite or other blasting com- pounds containing liquids which may ex- ude — iu strong wooden cases lined with a liquid-proof paper lining sufficient to prevent liquid from going through the sides or bottom. Said cases shall be c.f two sizes, to contaiu 50 pounds or 25 pounds of explosives respectively. The 25-pound cases must be used in supply ■ ing all magazines of the third class. Th B 50-pound cases may be used in supply- ing magazines of the first aud second i lasses. (bi Other blasting compounds not con- taining substances subject to deleterious influences by exposure to moisture — in strong wooden cases of two sizes, to con- tain 50 pounds or 25 pounds of explosive* respectively. The 25-pound cases must be used in supplying magazines of the third class. The 50-pound cases may be used in supplying magazine* of the first and second classes. (c) Black Blasting Powder — In sound wooden, fiber or metal kegs containing not more than twenty-five pounds. (d) Black and Smokeless Sporting Pow- der — in sound wooden, fiber or metal kegs or canisters containing not more than twenty-five pounds each. (e) Military Smokeless Powder — iu sound wooden or metal packages contain- ing not more than one hundred and twen- ty-five pounds. Sec. 24. Each package containing ex- plosives must have the name and brand of the manufacturer, and if packed in a wooden case must be marked on sides “EXPLOSIVE, DANGEROUS.” Sec. 25. No explosive shall be trans- ported through the streets of the City un- less bearing a brand duly registered at the Fire Department. The licensee must record at said Department, (a) The name of the Manufacturer. (b) Kind of explosive; and in the cas* of high explosives such as dynamite, such a statement of the strength of the explo- sive as may be required by the Commis- sion. (c) Purpose to be used for. Sec. 26. Every licensed vender of ex- plosives such as are used for excavating purposes shall render to the fire commis- sioner each day a written report of the deliveries of the previous day for use within the city, and in detail as follows; (a) Date of delivery. (b) Name of buyer. (c) Point of delivery. (d) Number of pounds, and a, r i bar* aeter. kind and strength of expia. :ve. Said reports shall be mailed by 10 A..U the following business day. Sec. 27. No explosives shall be landed at the piers or elsewhere in the City or transferred to a vessel lying at. a pier unless the explosives contained iu the vessel making delivery are in charge of a duly certified employe of a person, firm or corporation licensed to transport or sell explosives within the city limits. No explosives shall be landed at the cry piers unless for immediate loading into wagons for distribution to consumers for use within twenty-four hours and for which orders have been previously re- ceived. or for immediaie transportation by railway to points beyond the ciiy limits. Sec. 2S. Explosives intended for trans- portation by rail shall only be landed at railroad piers, from whence they shall be hauled directly beyond the city limits: aud explosives received at railway sta- tions within the city limits shall be promptly discharged aud removed to such storage as these regulations prescribe. Every railroad car containing explosives within the city limits must be marked by signs securely attached to the sides of t lie car parallel with the tracks, with the words “EXPLOSIVES, DANGEROUS” in red letters at least twelve inches high on a white background. Sec. 29. Explosives not exceeding five thousand pounds for shipment by vessel io ports outside of the city may be loaded from one vested ro another when lying at the city piers; provided, however, black powder or exploders shall not be trans- ferred at the same time with high explo- sives or from the same boat or lighter; amounts in excess of five thousand pounds shall only be put on board a vessel wheu it is more than 1,000 feet from the city pier line. Sec. 30. Vessels of licensees approach- ing the city piers shall uot tarry ex- ploders at the same time with explosives. Sec. 31. Vessels of licensees approach- ing the city piers, with explosives on board shall, when possible, have It stowed ou deck and covered by a tar- paulin. Sec. 32. No persons except employes of a licensee or others duly authorized, iu- RULES OF THE MUNICIPAL EXPLOSIVES COMMISSION. V eluding the necessaiy crew, shall be al- lowed on boats transporting or landing explosives within the city limits. Sec. 33. No smoking shall be allowed on vessels of licensees. Sec. 34. No intoxicated person shall be allowed on vessels of licensees. Sec. 35. No matches except safety matches shall be allowed on ve'sels of licensees. Sec. 36. A printed copy of the regula- tions governing transportation within the city shall be posted in a conspicuous place on or in every vessel and wagon owned or used by a licensee for delivery of explosives. CHAPTER IV. CARE or EXFLOSIAES. Magailnei. Sec. 37. Every person now connected with, as principal, or purposing hereafter to be connected with any blasting opera- tions, shall, as hereinbefore set forth, make an application to the fire commis- sioner for a permit to keep and use ex- plosives, giving at the time, in writing, name of licensee, location of office or place of business, occupation, proposed location of the magazine or magazines, together with plans and descriptions and construction of such magazine or maga- zines the quantity and kind of explosives purposed to be kept therein, and the names of employes who should have cer- tificates of fitness. Sec. 38. Magazines for the storage of explosives within the city shall be of three classes, as follows: (a) Magazines of the first class are those which are capable of containing ex- plosives to the extent of more than one hundred pounds. (b) Magazines of the second class are those which are capable of containing less than one hundred pounds, and more than twenty-five pounds. fc) Magazines of the third class are those which are capable of containing not more than twenty-five pounds. Sec. 3». Magazines of the first class shall he constructed similar to the standard design for magazines of the first class on file in the office of the fire commissioner, or shall be of such form and material as may be approved by the fire commission- er; one set of said plans to be filed with said fire commissioner. Said plans, how- ever. must conform to the specifications of these regulations. Magazines of the first class must be covered on the out- side with fireproof material and be lined with wood, and heated, if necessary, with a hot water heater only, the source of heat for which shall be separate and dis- tinct from the magazine and located at least ten feet therefrom. Such magazine shall consist of two compartments. In one of which shall be located the radia- tor. The other compartment shall be ar- ranged with shelves or drawers for the reception of explosives and not capable of being euter-d. and shall be lighted from the outside only. The heating com- partment shall be separated from the storage compartment and capable of be- ing entered, but so arranged that no ac- cess shall be had to the shelves or draw- ers from the heating compartment. Sec. 40. Magazines of the second class shall be covered on the outside with fire- proof material and on the Inside with wood, and may be heated by a hot water heater similar to magazines of the first class, or be so arranged as to admit of being covered with fresh manure. Maga- zines of the second class shall not exceed five feet In any exterior dimension nor have an interior capacity of more than sixty cubic feet of space. Sec. 41. Magazines of the third class ■hall consist of a stout wooden box, cov- ered with sheet iron, the Interior capacity of which shall not exceed eight cubic feet, the contents of which may he kept from freezing by burying tho magazine in manure; or magazines of the third i lass may include a hot water thawing appara- tus, consisting of a water-tight vessel in- closed In a receptacle of wood to be filled with hot water, the source of heat to he from an exterior point. Sec. 43. All nails in the interior of mag- azine shall be countersunk and the wood lining so arranged that no metal shail be exposed. Magazines shall be kept clean and free from grit, and before any repairs or alterations are made to any part there- of, all explosives shall be carefully re- moved and the magazine thoroughly washed out; all tools and implements used in making such repairs and altera- tions shall be of wood, copper, brass or other soft metal or material. In no case shall nails or screws be driven into a magazine or material that has once formed part of a magazine, and all wood structural parts of a magazine shall, if discarded, be immediately burned in a safe place. Magazines shall at all times be in the care of a competent employe, whose duty it shall be to see that no un- authorized person has access to them, and If heating apparatus is used that the magazine and heating house are safe and undisturbed. Said employe shall have no other duty that will interfere with his j careful supervision of said magazine and shall have a certificate of fitness as a magazine keeper. Sec. 43. The Fire Commissioner may require a magazine of the first class in any location where the public interest may seem, in his discretion, to demand it. Sec. 44. All magazines shall be painted bright red, with the words “MAGAZINE, DANGER,” painted conspicuously thereon in white letters on a black ground; such letters shall be at least six inches high on magazines of the first and second class, and three inches high on magazines of the third class. The location of every maga- zine of the first and second classes shall be approved in writing by the Fire Com- missioner; a copy of said permit being filed with the Commissioner, and another copy being attached to the magazine. Sec. 45. Magazines of the third class shall be located at least twenty feet from the nearest building, or if at a nearer point such location must have the specific approval of the Fire Commissioner. Sec. 46. Magazines shall contain only the amount of explosives named in the permit, and the placing therein of any other explosive, caps, exploders, or deton- ators, candles, matches, tools, cotton waste, or any article liable to cause ex- plosion or fire, or any iron, steel, or grit, is absolutely forbidden. Sec. 47. Permits shall he issued for the storage only of the nearest multiple ot twenty-five pounds above the actual amount to be used during the twenty-four hours next ensuing. Sec. 48. It is to be understood that a danger area exists on each side of every magazine in proportion to the quantity of explosive contained therein, and it shall be the duty of the watchman to keep a suitable space clear in its vicinity free from the storage of any material, and prevent the loitering thereiu ot any person. Sec. 49. It shall he the duty of inspec- tors to see that each magazine of the third class Is located as safely as possi- ble, and that as large a free space area be maintained as circumstances will per- mit, but in no case less than three feet. Sec. 60. Only persons who hold certifi- cate of fitness, or other authorized per- sons, shall be permitted to have access to the magazine, which shall be kept se- curely locked when not open for the In- troduction or removal of explosive or to Inspection by duly authorized officers of the city. Sec. 61. On the Inside of the door or cover of every magazine there shall he posted a notice, the blank form therefor to bo furnished by the lira department, in such a position as will expose It to full view when the magazine is open, and eontalnlng tliu following Information and Instructions: (a) Class of the magazine. (b) Number of the permit and name of licensee. (c) Numbers of the eertlficates of em- ployes licensed to hav« access to this m. 'gazin'- are No persons except those designated by the numbers of certificates above named shall have access to this magazine. (d) The only material to be stored la this magazine shall be the explosive known as or some explosive pos- sessing similar characteristics. (e) If explosives are frozen they must be thawed only by approved hot water heater or fresh manure. (f) Caps and detonators shall not be brought within twenty feet of this maga- zine. (g) Cartridges to be capped shall be re- moved from this magazine to a distance of at least twenty feet, and after being capped shall not be returned to this mag- azine. (h) This magazine shall at all times be kept clean and free from paper, rubbish, empty packages, etc. Sec. 52. In the keening of explosives from freezing or in thawing of the same when frozen, only one of two methods shall be permitted; first, by some form of hot water heater where it is impossible for the maximum degree of heat to exceed the temperature of boiling water; or, second, the burying, in manure, of the receptacles containing explosives. All other methods are absolutely forbidden, except after specific approval in each case by tho municipal explosives commis- sion. Sec. 53. Caps, detonators, or other sim- ilar explosives of a high order shall not be brought within twenty feet of the magazine, and each licensee must provide a proper receptacle for said caps and de- tonators. Sec. 54. Magazines shall at all times be kept clean and free from paper, rub- bish, empty packages, etc. CHAPTER V. BLASTING. Sec. 55. No person, other than a holder of certificate of fitness as described under section 5, Chapter I, Part II of these regu- lations, shall direct any blasting opera- tion or handle explosives. Sec. 56. Cartridges while being capped shall be removed from the magazine to a distance, if possible, of fifty feet, but In no event less than twenty feet, and after being capped shall not he returned to the magazine. If required to be kept from freezing they shall be kept In a special magazine of the third class in as small amount as possible. Cartridges shall be capped only as required for the work and for immediate use. Sec. 67. Frozen or partly frozen ex- plosives shall not be placed in drill holes. Frozen cartridges, if not capped, must be returned to the original magazine to be thawed. All primed cartridges left over after drill holes are charged shall have the primers at once removed, fol- lowing which Hie cartridges are to he returned at once to the magazine aud the primers to their usual place of storage. H necessary to remove the cap or detonator from any cartridge, care must be exercised in so doing. Sec. 68. In tamping drill holes wooden rammers only shall be used. Tamping by stroke is forbidden, and only direct ap- plication of pressure permitted. Only one primer shall he used in a drill hole, and great care shall be exercised in plac- ing it. and while tamping .*v.eve and around It. Sec. 68b. inn. I* Ualely after loading the holes they mu be well tamped and suf- ficient covering placcU thereof in one continuous uninterrupted operation. *'*■' mediately that the covering is in place* the flag man shall he sent, out and rue blast shall he fired Immediately after the bystanders hove been removed to u suf- ficient distance. Sec. 68c. After the blasl Is fired no drilling shall tako place nor loading of holes there or non'- by until the sur t.i e and face and all exposed norMoni of rock where the blast was fired luve been uncovered, the debris removed and a ih r "gb I. end examination made 68 BUILDING AND HEALTH LAWS AFFECTING THE CITY OF NEW YORK. by the certified blaster who fired the blast for unexploded charges. Sec. 59. In the event of the charge not exploding it is forbidden to remove the tamping; if the charge cannot be ex- ploded by firing a strong primer on ton of it a new hole shall be drilled not nearer than twelve inches from the first one and another charge put in the second hole and fired. (In such a case only one hole shall be loaded and fired near the unexploded charge and the unexploded and new charge shall both be thoroughly and effectively covered.) In the case of an explosion not carrying away the en- tire drill hole, but leaving the lower part intact, it is forbidden to begin drilling from the bottom of the old drill holes, as portions of the former charge may re- main and explode when exposed to the blows of the drill. Sec. 60. In order to insure the safety Of surrounding property and persons, no larger charge shall be used than is ne- cessary to properly start the rock, and rock excavating contiguous to any struc- ture shall be so carried on as not to cause damage to such structure. To this end, weak walls, or other supports of such atructure must be shored up. and rotten or decomposed rock must be removed by the use of gads, picks and crowbars only. When blasting next to such structure is unavoidable, light face blasts only, with short lines of resistance and small charges, shall be used. Sec. 61. The quantity of explosives to be used shall not exceed, in disruptive force, the equivalent of one pound in weight of 50 per cent, dynamite for each four feet depth of hole that is above, or less than ten feet below the curb; and the equivalent of one pound in weight of 60 per cent, dynamite for each four feet depth of hole that is more than ten feet below the curb. Any question arisifig un- der this section will be determined by the Municipal Explosives Commission on ap- plication. Sec. 62. Before firing any blasts except- ing those mentioned in Paragraph (a) of this section, and except where the blasts are in tunnel and distant from the face or portal more than one hundred feet, the rock to be blasted shall be covered on the top and sides with stout woven mal- ting of rope at least one and one-ha'f Inches in diameter. This matting then shall be covered top and sides with at least twelve timbers, each ten feel long and ten inches in smallest diameter, the timbers held secure’ bv chains or by iron or steel cables three-fourths inch in diameter. If tin is used to prevent debris from flying it must be placed on top of the required matting and timbers. (a) In blasts for ditch work, block holes, manholes, pole holes, electric or telegraphic wire subways, sewer and gas connections, gas and water mains, the in- spector #iall specify the amount of ex- plosives Ho be used and the number of logs and area of matting, and the con- tractor shall strictly observe the direc- tions of the inspector. Sec. 63. Red flags, in the hands of competent men, shall be placed at reason- able distances from the blasts on all sides, to give proper warning at least three minutes in advance. Sec. 64. The careful handling of all •xplosives, whether frozen or not frozen is ordered. Warming and thawing ex- plosives by placing same near fire, against steam pipes, or in water are exceedingly dangerous and are therefore prohibited. Sec. 65. Magazines must be kept dry and all moisfiure kept away from the ex- plosives.* CHAPTER VI. SALE AND STORAGE OF EXPLOSIVES Sec. 66. No dynamite or other high ex- plosives such as are used in blasting | operations other than as prescribed under the p.ovisions of Chapter IV oi Part II of these regulations, shall be stored within the city, excepting on magazine boats used solely for the storage of high *x- plosives and anchored at points desig- nated by the United States Government as “Powder Anchorages. - ’ The maximum amount of high explosives to be stored on one magazine boat shall be thirty tons. Sec. 67. Black and smokeless powder, excepting as hereinafter provided for in the case of manufacturers, retail dealers and fireworks manufacturers, shall only be stored on magazine boats at regular anchorages and on these boats there shall be no exploders or high explosives. The maximum amount allowed on said boats shall be one hundred and twenty-five tons. Sec. 68. Manufacturers of black and smokeless powder licensed to sell within the city shall, when authorized to do so I by a permit issued under the authority of I the Pile Commissioner indicating street j number and room, be permitted to have i on hand samples not exceeding ten pounds I in weight. Sec. 69. - Retail dealers, duly licensed, shall be permitted to carry on hand of smokeless or black powder, or both, not exceeding fourteen pounds, to be stored in a receptacle which can be flooded from the exterior of the building, a permit to be issued under the authority of the Fire Commissioner showing building and location of room if stored elsewhere than in the store or under the sidewalk. Or in a light metal receptacle properly locked and on wheels plainly marked “Powder,” and located not more than ten feet from and immediately in front of the en- i trance from the street, which receptacle shall at all times be kept locked except | when actually necessary to obtain access | to its contents. On the front of each | of such establishments, not more than seven feet above the sidewalk, shall be displayed a s gn not less than eighteen inches long and ten inches high, to be approved by the Fire Commissioner, worded “Licensed to Sell Gunpowder.” Sec. 70. The annual charge for a retail license to sell black and smokeless powder such as is used as a propelling charge shall be ten dollars. See. 71. No permit will be Issued for such sales to be made at any building or premises where cigars or cigarettes are kept for sale; where paints, oils or var- nishes are manufactured or kept, either •Note— Nitroglycerine Is very sensitive at a temperature exceeding 300 degrees Fahrenheit, and at 350 degrees is liable to explode spon- taneously. Nitroglycerine compounds are sen- sitive to moisture, and the ordinary absorbent bases have a tendency to absorb moisture, by \v"’V?h absorption there is displaced an equlva- | lent amount of nitroglycerine; hence the spe- | cific prohibition of the most dangerous methods I of thawing. I for use or for sale; in which any car- penter shop or drug store is located; where the sale of kerosene or other pro- duct of petroleum has been permitted, or where fireworks of any kind, petroleum or any of Its products, coal oil, camphene, burning fluid or other products or com- pounds containing any of said substances, matches, tar, pitch, rosin or turpentine, hay, cotton or hemp, are manufactured, stored or kept for sale. Sec. 72. No permit will be issued for such sales in any frame or wooden build- j ing within the fire-limits as established in the city. Sec. 73. No other permit shall be Issued for such sales in premises within a radius of fifty feet of the premises covered by an existing permit. Where j tw’o or more applications are presented j for one block, preference will be given to the one which, in the opinion of the Fire Commissioner, is least objectionable. Sec. 74. All premises for which such per- mits are issued must be lighted with gas or electricity, and all lights must be pro- tected with glass or wire coverings. Sec. 75. The person or persons to whom such permit is issued must sign an agree- ment not to permit smoking, nor the use of any substance or agency for illumina- ting purposes except gas and electricity 1 upon or about the premises where such : sales are licensed, nor to expose any of 1 the said explosives for sale outside the walls of said building, nor in any door or ! window, and that any violation of such an j agreement shall operate as a forfeiture of said permit. Sec. 76. In case of the storage of amounts in excess of limits Imposed by permit, it shall be the duty of the Firs Commissioner to revoke the offending li- | censee's license and no new license shall i be issued to said party within three | years. i Sec. 77. The Fire Commissioner shall i have authority to revoke any license to I sell at retail should he deem it to the I public Interest to do so. Sec. 78. The sale * of black sporting j powder, excepting to military organiza- tions. licensed individuals, or firms en- I gaged in shell loading, licensed manu- facturers of fireworks, owners of vessels for saluting purposes or for shipment be- yond the limits of the city, is prohibited. SALE OF FIREWORKS. The Municipal Explosives Commission, at its meeting held Thursday, May 19, 1910, unanimously adopted the following resolution ; Resolved, That the following be substi- tuted for section 43, chapter 4, Part 5, page 72 of the present Laws, Ordinances and Regulations Governing the Manufac- ture, Storage, Sale and Use of Explosives and Combustible Material in The City of New York; No permit shall be issued by the Fire Commissioner for the sale of fireworks at retail in any building which Is wholly or in part occupied or used as a dwelling or tenement house, or in any store or building which is not equipped with an approved system of automatic sprinklers. Approved bv the Mayor, May 20, 1910. R. WALDO. Fire Commissioner, and Chairman Mu* i nicipal Explosives Commission.