AMERICAS GREATEST^ MOST ATTRACTIVE CITY BURNED 1871 - REBUILT As MAGIC -NOW HER, RECONSTRUCHQN PLAN PRICE PER COPY FIFTY CENTS X L I E> R.AR.Y OF THE UNIVERSITY OF ILLINOIS 387 FEB 1 2 1987 L161 O-1096 BOOK OF CHICAGO ADVERT ISING SECTION 72,2. Hlllllllllllllllllllllllllll lllllllllllllllllllllllllllll!llll!llll!lllll!lllllll!llillll!llll!!l!lllll!lllllllll!ll!^ ;: ^ 1 THE ARNOLD COMPANY 1 ENGINEERS- CONSTRUCTORS , g | ELECTRICAL CIVIL - MECHANICAL m i 105 SOUTH LASALLE STREET. rj i I CHICAGO 1 1 I = i | | 1 E Modern Planning = | THE Chicago Plan, and any up to date City plan, aims to design and arrange the facilities necessary in the City's life and de- = ' 1 velopment by keeping in view attractive appearance, convenient n | use, and the wholesome living conditions for all its residents and L'T | workers. The best thought of the most able citizens is required L - 1 through years to work out this desired end. | This aim should be kept in mind in the creation of all manufactur- = 1 ing facilities, which play so vital a part in every large community. f j | Manufacturing efficiency involves adequate facilities for handling =1 | and storing raw material, proper sequence of all manufacturing I rl | processes to permit a direct flow of the product through the plant, ill 1 and convenient facilities for storing and shipping the product. '- - [ The original cost of planning a plant to insure these results is n = an investment which pays large returns year after year in reduced 1 i 1 cost of manufacturing. Indeed with the knowledge requisite for 1 g I modern plant design, it is possible with no additional expenditure : ] | to construct a manufacturing plant that architecturally harmonizes i i | with its surroundings, operates at the highest efficiency and becomes ^ I an integral part of any well conceived city plan. - : = = i The Arnold Service = i = - - | To analyze varied problems and processes and to lay out and n 1 construct the plant to achieve the desired end is not an easy task. m [ In the organization of operating plants there may be men capable H 1 of handling such matters, but as a rule such men are so fully occupied s| 1 with other routine duties that they can ill afford to give the time I- .- 1 which this important work demands. Therefore, the old as well as | ; : ' 1 the new institution welcomes the assistance of an organization which | : | is able to relieve them of all responsibility, and which at the same time ; - ; = works in close harmony with the management to obtain the best pos- i | | sible solution of its building problem. | I Modern planning also comprises development works in railroad ; ; 1 systems, terminals, ports and harbors, utilities, rapid transit and per- L^: I fection of city plans with respect to these various factors. ^ ! | = \ This is the type of service rendered by The Arnold Company. ^ = tiroiiiiiii ,,,, , ,., . ,,,,Hmmnm,i I I unit nm , , UIMU.I .mmm mum.! ^ it- V. /^ P Rt t ^ f 4 * i *** IlillllllllllllllllllHIIIIIlll BOOK OF CH 1C AGO ADVERTISING SECTION Standard Factory Buildings IN A MODERN FACTORY DISTRICT The Clearing Industrial District, Located at Chicago's Great Transpor- tation Center, Provides the Best in Present Day Manufacturing Requirements Private Switch and Belt Line Service. Less Carload Service in and out bound . Good Labor Conditions. Low Taxes. Factories and Warehouses erected to suit on term Lease or Sales Contract. -Sewers, Water, Gas, Electricity and improved Streets installed and ready for immediate use. FOR MAPS, PLATS AND FURTHER INFORMATION APPLY TO Clearing Industrial District 1005 FIRST NATIONAL BANK BUILDING Telephone Randolph 136 CHICAGO BOOK OF CHICAGOADVERTISING SECTION We Specialize in This District 1 Ui^ ^ I S Sl t; S K! * LJ LJ I ;>- f ? ^ r ^ r~| \ Ipi 1 . i i L_J |^ 5 W A',\ kS ^ ' . \ - L j L - OEJ , r ->, m r -| r % ^ .-; r iw:^ =Ht%\5 ;; ; ., LTM i B o ,,o, 5 .~ ^! |\ nil; ROSS & COMPANY - s^LLs -*" REAL ESTATE ; ^V ~l i ~ ^ * RAILWAV EXCHANGE ~~ ^., . Piras *.-,3si. IC.-J2-3 CHICAGO. . /^jl ~ ^W f-j-^-T-j ^ ' , - r - ;\\ Jm-VA . IL Lj - n^ : i ^ r*""- f '? ^ ,' t^z^pr 1 \ n n^j^BQok ^ j W " q n j sl \~i m i j L _ J i ^ CHESTNUT^ ^^ -~v- T ~ i STRAUS & Go. 1 S! V!5I ISIII I) 1882 INCORPORATED STRAUS BUILDING CHICAGO Clark and Madison Sts. Telephone Franklin 4646 New York Philadelphia Washington Detroit Milwaukee Minneapolis San Francisco 37 Years Without Loss to Any Investor BOOK OF CHICAGO ADVERTISING SECTION PAUL C. LOEBER JOHN G. PROSS Paul C. Loeber & Co. REAL ESTATE I! 1 1 1 W. Washington Street Telephones: Franklin 756 and 757 Specializing in BUSINESS PROPERTY INDUSTRIAL PROPERTY REAL ESTATE VALUATION STOCKS - - BONDS Complete Financial Service "Price, Value and Personal Service" is an expression of our desire to give the fullest measure of SERVICE in all transactions. BUYING OR SELLING, which includes our prompt attention given to your inquiries. We offer to our customers the experience of twenty years of continuous business as underwriters and brokers in all stocks and bonds. Our capital is sufficient to finance any transactions we under- take, and, likewise, purchase for our own account any stocks or bonds that we desire to carry. Through this and our many branch offices, our markets are the broadest in all Unlisted and Inac- tive Securities, including Seasoned Bonds, and Bonds in Default; hence our facilities are the best to serve in the handling of same. Our mailing list is admitted to be one of the largest in the United States. Our annual send-outs run into the millions. Our mailing rooms are equipped with every modern device. We require no cash in advance or Deposits on orders given to us in good faith by responsible parties on such stocks 01 bonds that have a market. While we do not encourage a "margin" business, we will buy for you almost any marketable stock or bond on partial payments as arranged. Delivery will be made through any responsible bank without additional charge. High Grade Seasoned Bonds at Attractive Prices Foreign Bends at Interesting and Speculative Prices If You Are Interested in Buying or Selling Any Stock or Bond, Send for Our FREE Market Letter and Quotation Sheet ANDREWS & COMPANY ESTABLISHED 1900 108 SO. LA SALLE STREET CHICAGO. ILLINOIS BOOK OF CHICAGO ADVERTISING SECTION The Century Trust and Savings Bank of CHICAGO CENTURY BANK BUILDING S. W. CORNER OF STATE AND ADAMS STREETS In the HEART of the downtown SHOPPING and financial district. A Savings and Commercial Bank. Personal attention to each account is a strong point in our organization. Resources over - - $2,800,000.00 JNO. W. FOWLER President E. B. KNUDTSON V ice-President AI.MER COE V ice-President C. R. CORBETT ........ ... Cashier W. G. DAHL Ass't Cashier The Chicago Real Estate Index Co. REAL ESTATE INFORMATION Union Bank Building 25 North Dearborn Street, CHICAGO CHICAGO'S LAKE FRONT BANK Enjoying the distinction of being located on the Chicago Lake Front opposite the middle of the loop, on Chicago's main automobile thoroughfare, this bank has striven to make its service as convenient and distinctive as its site. The growth of our deposits indicates a measure of success. Our financial and trust facilities are complete, and we particularly invite Lake Front concerns and individuals to make this their banking home. The Peoples Bank OF CHICAGO "Opposite the Lions" on Michigan Boulevard Resources $13,600,000.00 OFFICERS EARLE H. REYNOLDS, President R. B. UPHAM H. T. GRISWOLD J. C. ARMSTRONG Vice-President Cashier Secretary E. A. HINTZ, A. M. SPEER, Assistant Cashier Assistant Cashier R. R. OLSON C. L. PENNELL Assistant Cashier Assistant Cashier H. L. SCHMITZ Assistant Cashier and Manager Real Estate Department J. H. MOON C. A. O'DONNELL Assistant Cashier Manager Safe Deposit Vaults BOOK OF CHICAGO AD VERTISING SECTION Good Coal Helps Make the City Beautiful Chicago's City Beautiful plans never will be achieved as long as smoking chimneys hurl forth clouds of carbon. Poor coal makes smoking chimneys; good coals with the minimum of sulphur and other impurities and the maximum of heat- ing units, properly fired, insure clear skies, spotless buildings and bring the City Beau- tiful ideals into reality. In BERING'S ILL-IND. coals the best from the Illinois and Indiana fields these qualities exist. When buying coal for steam or domestic use see that they are BERING'S ILL-IND. coals and thereby help Chicago attain her ideals. We invite the inquiry of those who, from both patriotic and economic standpoints, want to eliminate the smoke nuisance. J. K. DERING COAL Co. 1914-20 McCormick Building CHICAGO BOOK OF CHIC AGO ADVERTISING SECTION University EVANSTON, CHICAGO /^vFFERS exceptional opportunities to high school stu- ^^ dents who are planning to continue their educations in college or professional school. The College of Liberal Arts, the Graduate school, the College of Engineering, and the schools of Music and Oratory are ideally located on the Evanston Campus, uniting the social and community interests of suburban environment with the cultural advantages of the city. The schools of Law, Dentistry, Medicine, and the evening school of Commerce are in Chicago in the heart of Chicago's legal and professional center. Combined courses are offered between the College of Liberal Arts and the professional schools, permitting students to secure an academic and a professional degree in a minimum of time. For information regarding any of these courses, address LYNN HAROLD HOUGH, President 420 Northwestern University BIdg. Chicago, Illinois BOOK OF CHICAGO ADVERTISING SECTION STANDARD OILS INDEPENDENT OILS INDUSTRIAL SECURITIES Our Chicago office is completely equipped with full facilities to render every angle of first-class brokerage service. Private direct wires lead to our Main office in New York as well as to the principal markets, thereby affording the oppor- tunity of accurate and instantaneous market executions Stocks Purchased for Cash or on a Substantial Marginal Basis Analytical reports on all active securities furnished promptly and without cost L. L. WINKELMAN & CO. 305 South La Salle Street, Chicago (TEL. HARRISON 6150) MAIN OFFICE: 44 BROAD ST., NEW YORK Direct private wires to various markets BRANCH OFFICES: Philadelphia, Cleveland, Parkersburg, W. Va. Marietta, O., Findlay, O., Baltimore, Chicago L. M. WILLIS W. B. FRANKENSTEIN WILLIS & FRANKENSTEIN REAL ESTATE MORTGAGES RENTING WESTMINSTER BUILDING 110 SO. DEARBORN ST. TELEPHONE CENTRAL 5755 CHICAGO Chicago's Reconstruction Plan Devoted to Chicago's Economics Hygienic Reconstruction and Attractive Development Published by FRANK J. CAMPBELL 30 North Michigan Boul., Chicago. \ ir ii Why City Planning Pays By CHARLES H. WACKER Chairman, Chicago Plan Commisssion "It promotes trade by supplying direct and easy ways for the extension and development of commerce; fosters city growth by making it easier and cheaper to conduct all classes of business; in- creases and insures all property values by preventing the many evils of hap- hazard building; makes every citizen a more efficient worker by saving time and money in transit of goods and people; and, above all, it assures to that city which adopts it, a future citizenry, sound in body, mind and morals." 11 II II It J Chicago's Greatest Hour This Book of Chicago is dedicated to those public spirited men of this city who j have by their financial support and co-operation helped to bring about the pree- ; ent Reconstruction Plan of Chicago so ably evolved by the Plan Commission and I loyally supported by the Mayr, the City Council, the Real Estate Boards, the ] Commercial Club, the Association of Commerce, and every other civic organiza- tion looking to the future welfare of this great city by the lake. May it help to ; speed on the good work now under full swing to an early completion, so that i we of this generation will be able to enjoy it and to rejoice in this, Chicago's Greatest Hour. F. J. CAMPBELL. Publisher. CHICAGO stands within striking distance of her greatest goal. This wonder city that arose from the ashes of the great fire of 1871, is about to come into her own. The things of which Burnham dreamed, the things which we^e regarded as visionary less than a generation ago, are now under way and will be- come a reality in less time than then seemed possible. In fact, within ten years the principal features of the regal Chicago Plan will have been completed. Then this generation will be the greatest and proudest in all Chicago's marvelous history. The passage of the park-terminal-electrification ordinance insures that within six years the greater outer park between the mouth of the river and Jackson Park with lagoons, bathing beaches, pleasure boat harbors, stadium, golf courses, speedboat courses will be completed. That within ten years there will be com- plete electrification of the I. C. north of Roosevelt Road, and electrification of the entire suburban service in fact, elimination of ninety per cent of the I. C. smoke. (It can, and probably will, be done in much quicker time.) In less than six years the Lincoln Park Board will have finished its shore devel- opment close up to the Evanston line then, with the linking of the outer drives over the mouth of the Chicago River, we will have completed our twenty-five mile lake shore park, the greatest and most beautiful in the world. Michigan Avenue, the $15,000,000 improvement with double -decked bridge and broad plazas, will be completed next year. The Roosevelt Road viaduct, the last link of the Twelfth Street improvement, should be completed next year. If the people next November vote the $28,600,000 of bonds authorized by the Legislature, the Ogden Avenue, South Water Street, Robey Street, Ashland Avenue and Western Avenue improvements will start at once and will be completed within five years. The passage of the I. C. ordinance will remove the last obstacles to the straight- ening of the river, really a small task, which will pay for itself through the land reclaimed. (This could be done within a year.) Within five years the $50,000,000 Union Depot will be finished : also the $6,000,- 000 West Side Postoffice. Next year we expect to start upon "The Town Hall of the Nation," the great- est convention hall of the world, authorized by. act of the last Legislature. Next year, thanks to the initiative of Mayor Thompson, Chicago's Stadium will begin to assume its titanic lines. With^ the foregoin^cornpleted,_there will be accomplishedjthe^ principal thi of the Chicago Plan. Chicago in truth stands upon the threshold of her greatest achievements. CHARLES H. W ACKER, Chairman Chicago Plan Commission. Plan of Chicago and the People By WALTER D. MOODY, Managing Director Author of "What of the City?" ! I I 1 EVERY school child in Chicago can tell what the Chicago Plan Commission is why it* is and what it does. Chi- cago's children today are all boosters for its Plan. Tomorrow they will be its back- ers. The Plan of Chicago is well on its way to fulfillment. The voters can give it a mighty boost on November 4th, when they will have the opportunity to pass upon bond issues to the extent of $28,600,000, for Plan projects, recommended and in the making. Every great and desirable thing is a mat- ter of progressive development. It is an old saying that "you cannot pick your fruit until it is ripe." Seed planting, cultivation, growth and harvest, all have their periods before the crop is garnered. And sp it is with the Plan of Chicago and the Plan Commission. Present accommplishments by the Commission in advancing the Plan are the logical results of long and careful nurture the results of good seed and fer- tile soil a city badly needing orderly devel- opment a Plan for every section and all the people. From this combination the Plan of Chi- cago tree has shot upward, spreading its branches over a suffering and grateful peo- ple. Already a giant growth, the Chicago Plan Tree will continue to add to its girth. Other branches will sprout and develop as have those which have already grown; the Roosevelt Road widening; the Michigan Avenue extension ; the West Side terminal construction, the widening of Canal Street and the Polk and Taylor Street Viaducts, the double level Kinzie Street viaduct and bridge and the West Side post office site; the Ogden Avenue extension ; the Western and Ashland Avenue widenings ; the Robey and South Water Street improvements ; the lake front parks and new Illinois Central plans, and the Forest Preserves. These main branches of the Plan of Chicago have sprouted besides several smaller ones. The reason Chicago children know and love this tree is because, for eight years, they have studied all about it in their schools. But the Plan tree was set out and history was made before they heard of it in their classes. Mayor Fred A. Busse at the direction of the City Council, appointed the Chicago Plan Commission in 1909. To make sure against its failure by the frequent changes in city administrations, he named Charles H. Wacker, as its permanent chairman. Mayor Busse appointed a city-wide com- mission to serve with Mr. Wacker. Its three hundred and twenty-eight members who represent every element and all classes of citizens, are directed by an equally rep- resentative executive committee of twenty- six members. The__Fjan__ Commi.ssi.QJi!s power is^ purely jjjjyjsory. It studies the Plan of Chicago and recommends to the City Council what parts should be carried out and when. It acts as advisor to the City Council in all matters pertaining to public improvements whether these are or are not included in the Plan of Chicago. This was wisely ordained so that all pub- lic improvements contemplated would fit in with__the Plan thus avoiding further haj> hazard city development. Page Six MAKE CHICAGO ATTRACT!]' E r It has come to be recognized that the Plan Commission is as valuable for what it prevents of an undesirable character as for what it recommends and promotes of a desirable character. The Plan Commission was, among other things, principally charged by Mayor Busse and the City Council who created it, to make the Plan of Chicago known to the whole city and all elements in it, so that it could be quickly and intelligently carried out. This has been done by the Commis- sion working with the newspapers, and in hundreds of illustrated lectures, motion pic- tures, books and periodicals, special and technical reports, and primarily, Wacker's Manual of the Plan of Chicago in the schools. Besides its executive officers, the chair- man, vice-chairman and managing director, the Commission has for its technical con- sultant Edward H. Bennett, who was the first assistant in creating the Plan of Chi- cago. Back of all this before the Plan Com- mission before study by the school chil- dren, its consideration by the public and its sponsoring by the press came the father of the Plan of Chicago, the late Daniel Hudson Burnham, great architect, director of works of Chicago's World Columbian Exposition, world noted city planner. Back of Burnham, and working with him, was the Commercial Club of Chicago, one hun- dred of Chicago's leading business men who contributed the money necessary to create the Plan of Chicago and who have since largely maintained the Plan Commission financially. After years of study and hundreds of conferences by the Commercial Club's plan committee, Mr. Burnham and his corps of experts completed the Plan of Chicago early in 1909, when it was presented as a gift to the people of Chicago with the request that a commission be appointed for its study and promotion. Thus the greatest gift that was ever bestowed upon the people of a modern city became the heritage of the people of Chicago. TJiefManof Chicago is L Jgiown_Jja_lhe The work of the Chicago Plan Commission is known to every Chi- cagoan. Its methods and its accomplish- ments are known in every land. These are universal examples for similar endeavor everywhere. Mayor Carter H. Harrison and the City Council of his administration advanced the work which Busse had started. Mayor William Hale Thompson, the City Councils of his administrations and the members of his cabinet have exceeded all precedent in bringing the Plan of Chicago to fruition. % The people of Chicago have approved the\ Plan of Chicago by large majority votes at every opportunity given them. With a hearty will, everybody authorities and citizens alike are for its speedy comple- tion. With the Roosevelt Road widening, the Michigan Avenue extension, the West Side terminals and the Forest Preserves far ad- vanced in construction there remains to be started of the projects recommended, the lake front plans, which must have a permit from the War Department of the national government, and the approval of the voters at the coming November election for the necessary bonds for the Ogden, Western and Ashland Avenue and the Robey and South Water Street improvements. There must also be obtained the needed federal appropriation of money for the purcbase of the Canal Street post office site. The state legislature after weeks of hard work gave Chicago the right to bond itself for the money to complete these improve- ments. The Plan of Chicago is now di- rectly up to the voters as it has never been before. Their action on November 4th will be a notice to the entire world that the I WILL spirit is not dead but lives to send Chicago far on the way to its in- evitable destiny the world's largest, most attractive, healthful and prosperous city. Copyright, The Commercial Club of Chicago PLAN OF BOULEVARD TO CONNECT THE NORTH AND SOUTH SIDES OF THE CITY, VIEW LOOKING NORTH FROM WASHINGTON STREET Painting by Jules Guerin From the collection of the Chicago Plan Commission .iDHWWHIIIIIilinUlltiUIUWUWIIIlUIIIIHUIUMlUliU The Chicago "We Will" Spirit By THE PUBLISHER WHEN the Commercial Club of Chi- cago in 1909, after years of study in the preparation of the Plan of Chicago, and hundreds of conferences, com- pleted the Plan and presented it to the City Council of Chicago, with the request that a Plan Commission be organized for its further study and promotion, the club members did not dream that progress would be made in carrying out the plan as rap- idly as has been the case. Nor did they or the Plan Commissioners anticipate that a great world war would occur to intercept its progress. During the darkest days of the war the officers of the_ Chicago Plan Commission believed that the world conflict would re- tard work on the Plan of Chicago at least five years. The sudden ending of the war, however, had just the opposite tendency, and from present indications the plan work has been advanced ten years. The great war served to vivify rather than to dim the economic and humani- tarian advantages of the Plan, and now as if by magic the whole city seems to realize the need of advancing, at the earliest pos- sible moment, the various projects already recommended. The much-heralded "Chicago Spirit" not the "I Will" spirit but the "We Will" spirit is again working in utterly re- markable fashion. That undaunted spirit caused the present city to rise from the hot embers of the great fire of '71, almost before they had become cool, effacing every evidence of the fire within three years. The indomitable spirit that produced the World's Fair of '93, and gave such tremendous impetus to constructive art throughout the world and which estab- lished Chicago as the premier constructive art center of the world is the spirit the Chicago Spirit that has been stalkiing in our midst. After eight years of planning, working and preaching years in which there was little outward evidence of city-wide sup- port, now overnight, as it were, the city's great commercial, civic and social clubs and organizations, a united press and the voices of leading citizens, like Coxy's army, have arisen entirely upon their own initia- tive to the whole-souled support of the Plan Commission, and are backing its Re- construction Platform. During the war public improvement projects were seemingly if not actually placed in the non-essential list. The abrupt termination of the war and the signing of the armistice was immediately followed by the announcement of the Commission's Re- construction Platform, and its headquar- ters at once became a veritable beehive of business activity. The only difficulty now looming up like a specter to thwart the early and large prog- ress on the Plan is the deplorable financial situation confronting the city of Chicago. The loss of revenue_fraiLSglopn and other licenses ami sources will seriously cripple the city's finances this year, but aside from this millions of dollars are necessary ex- clusively for public works. Some means must be resorted to for emergency relief if any substantial prog- ress is to be made. Cut azvay the red-tape and enact emergency legislation is the cry Page Ten MAKE CHICAGO ATTRACTIVE that has been heard and complied with in England and France, and in certain large cities in the United States where a public works program has been adopted as the best and safest means of safeguarding la- bor and the city dweller through the recon- struction period. The tax rate of Chicago is less than that of many other cities, and its indebtedness per capita is less than that of one hundred and sixty-two cities of the United States. Emergency plans and emergency meas- ures is the universal program. Chicago alone had the distinction of being ready when the war ended with a well-thought- out and carefully planned program of pub- lic improvements, which found expression in the Commission's Reconstruction Plat- form. The Plan of Chicago, among other things, provides for one hundred and ninety-eight miles of street improvements, including the extension or widening of existing thor- oughfares and the building of new ones. It provides for a marked rehabilitation of the entire railway transportation system and for large additional recreational facil- ities through increasing the park area by reclaiming the lake front and in the acqui- sition of forest preserves. When our country entered the war and all plan work was stopped, Roosevelt Road had been widened from sixty-six to one hun- dred and eight feet for a distance of a mile and a half. The remainder of this important improvement, consisting of a new bridge and a one hundred and eighteen foot wide viaduct from Wabash Avenue to Canal Street, was held up, but plans are under- way for its construction this year. The Michigan Avenue extension and widening from Randolph Street across the Chicago River to Chicago Avenue started during the war. The widening from sixty- six to one hundred and thirty feet on both sides of the river has been accomplished, and the double-deck bridge and upper level roadway are now under construction and should be finished by the rirst of the year. The lake front plans, requiring the filling of the submerged area for five miles from Grant to Jackson Park, for the development of 1,280 acres of parklands, protected watercourse and bathing beaches, which have been publicly agitated for eight years, were held up just prior to the war on the inability of the city to agree with the Illinois Central Railway Company on the question of electrification of the railroad company's entire system. It was necessary to acquire the riparian rights of the company, which was done in 1913. but in order that these might be utilized by the city in building the parklands. it became necessary for an agree- ment to be entered into between the city and the railroad company for the company's new station and general terminal develop- ment. Accordingly the City Council at its meeting July 21. 1919, by a vote of 66 for and only 2 against (out of a total number of 70 aldermen) approved a contract ordi- nance covering the lake front park, har- bor and railway terminal development. The Ogden Avenue extension from Union to Lincoln Park, a distance of three miles, requiring the cutting of an entirely new, 1 08 foot wide, diagonal thoroughfare, has been provided for in an ordinance passed by the City Council February 18. A court petition has been entered for the ap- pointment of court commissioners to value the property to be taken for the extension, and to designate the zone for special assess- ment. Within the month the City Council passed an ordinance directing the Board of Local Improvements to prepare ordinances for the improvement of Western and Ashland Avenues and Robey and South Water Streets in accordance with the recommenda- tion of the Chicago Plan Commission. These provide for the improvement of the three leading west side thoroughfares mentioned by making them a uniform width and opening them through where they are now closed : and for the reclamation MAKE CHICAGO ATTRACTIVE Page Eleven of South Water Street for public use, and the widening of that thoroughfare from eighty to one hundred and thirty-five feet from its south line to the banks of the Chicago River, and its connection on both the upper and the lower level with the Michigan Avenue extension. The west side terminal plans, incorpo- rated in a contract ordinance between the city and the companies in 1913, provided that the work be finished in five years. This included the building of the new Union Station on Jackson Boulevard and Canal Street; the erection of the Pennsylvania and Burlington freight stations ; the widen- ing of Canal Street from eighty to one hun- dred feet ; the building of the Monroe Street bridge ; the double-level Kinzie Street bridge and raised approach ; the wid- ening of Polk and Taylor Street viaducts from forty to eighty feet ; and the construc- tion of new bridge approaches at every in- tersection from Washington to Roosevelt Road. This mammoth work, which was progressiing favorably at the outbreak of the war, has been vigorously resumed, and $8,000,000 will be expended upon it this year, including a start on the station. The west side postofnce site appropria- tion which provided for a two-block site on Canal Street between the Union and North- western Stations, was passed by the House of Representatives and was in the Senate when our country entered the war, and all appropriation bills of this character went into the Senate wastebasket. This matter will be revived in the next session of Con- gress. The forest preserve commissioners of Cook County have acquired upwards of 15,000 acres of forest lands, stretching all the way from the Skokie Valley on the north to Chicago Heights on the south. Ten thousand acres additional have been marked by the commissioners for condemnation. The state good roads $60,000,000 bond issue, recently passed, will make possible large good road work in the vicinity of Chi- cago and the forest preserves. The Plan Commission has recommended the opening of Rogers Avenue to complete a great circuit from Peterson Avenue and the lake north to 22nd Street and beyond on the south. It has recommended a special study of zoning and housing, and bills for both of these branches of city planning were passed at the last session of the Illinois legislature. Copyright, The Commercial Club of Chicago. THE PROPOSED CIVIC CENTER SQUARE, SHOWING THE GROUP OF SURROUNDING- BUILDINGS, CROWNED BY THE CENTRAL DOME. THERE ARE NO DUMF NQ IN WHITE AREA MATERIAL NOW PROPIXED ANNUALLY At>HE5 I.Ofo8.213 5WEEPINC,i> JJ6.O5O - TOTAL THERE WILL BE NO DUMPING G&OUNDS '' 'fC' -- / : " > 'l8 SI MAKE CHICAGO ATTRACTIVE Page Twenty-nine ROSIO SQUARE WITH STATUE OF PETER IV NICKNAMED ROLY POLY SQUARE LISBON, PORTUGAL FYom the collection of the Chicago Plan Commission. Illustrating a beautiful square formation, showing the value of statues in business sections. 19. Good Roads Program of the State. Aid the creation of an invaluable network of leading highways to and from Chicago. 20. New City Charter. Press upon forthcoming Constitutional Convention need of bestowing greater powers upon the City of Chicago. Without greater powers Chicago cannot grow from a provincial to a metropolitan city. 21. Drainage Canal Boulevards. Study the question of boulevards along the Drain- age Canal to connect with the park system. 22. Zoning and Housing. These prob- lems are of large importance, but require special study. 23. Excess Condemnation Law. A law should be supported which will enable Chi- cago to eliminate many abuses resulting from the present method of making public improvements and receive instead large benefits. Vital and important improve- ments, however, should not be delayed for such a law, as it may take years to secure it. Unanimously approved by the Executive Committee of the Chicago Plan Commis- sion, December 6, 1918. Charles H. Wacker, Chairman. Frank I. Bennett, Vice-Chairman. Walter D. Moody, Managing Director. Edward B. Butler Wm. N. Pelouze John Powers Daniel J. Schuyler James Simpson John F. Smulski Charles H. Thorne Harvey T. Weeks Harry A. Wheeler Walter H. Wilson Michael Zimmer John J. Coughlin Frederic A. Delano A. C. Bartlett Clyde M. Carr John V. Farwell Albert J. Fisher Theodore K. Long Julius Rosemvald Joy Morton XEW ORLEANS POST OFFICE From Chicago Plan Commission Collection. Showing a type of building in use in our Southern Metropolis. Chicago Postal Needs (PUBLISHER'S NOTE. The recent statements of Postmaster William B. Carllle con- cerning Chicago's postal situation bring renewed interest in the Chicago Plan Commission'* arguments for a new post olHce issued in 1915. The postmaster has just appointed the fol- lowing committee to take up the question of adequately providing for the postal needs of Chicago for the next two decade: Mayor William Hale Thompson, chairman ex-offlclo; Charles H. Wacker, chairman; Wm. Buford Carlile, vice-chairman; J. Ogden Armour. Edward B. Butler, John V. Farwell, Dorr E. Felt, Samuel M. Hastings, Edmund D. Hulbert, Maurice F. Kavanagh, John J. Touhy, Dennis F. Kelly, Harry H. Merrick, Julius Rosenwald, John W. Scott, Walter D. Moody, John G. Shedd, Albert A. Sprague II, Robert J. Thome, Samuel Insull, Harry A. Wheeler, and B. M. Winston. The postmaster has called attention to the fact that twenty-five years ago there were fifty real post offices in the 210 miles over which Chicago has spread, and now there Is but one pcstoffice and fifty classified stations. In that time the postal receipts have grown from $5,000,000 to $35,000,000 a year. To adequately take care of Chicago's expanding postal needs, the postmaster has recommended three post office centers and a terminal for parcel post and second-class mail matter. The first site recommended by the postmaster is the two-block site on Canal street between the Union and Northwestern depots, where 62 per cent of all Chicago's mail is handled, the purchase of which site has been urged by the Plan Commission for the reasons given in th3 following article) : FOR ten years United States govern- ment officials and the business inter- ests of Chicago have been attempting to secure the selection of a satisfactory west side post office site. During all this time there has been considerable correspondence on this subject with the Treasury Depart- ment. Although different sites have been recommended, at no time has the position regarding the needed land area for an ade- quate site been changed. From the begin- ning, the recommendation of two blocks has remained unaltered. With reference to this subject, a compre- POST OFFICE, DENVER Condemnation 1907 : building completed 1916 When the Denver post office site was purchased, at a cost of $500,000, the postal receipts were only $930,513. On the same basis, Chicago, with postal receipts of $25,000,000, would have a postal site appropriation of $13,400,000. The area of the Denver site is 98,400 sq. ft. Chicago would have a site area of twenty blocks, based on the proportionate postal receipts of Denver and Chicago. The site recommended for Chicago is two blocks, not twenty. The appropriation asked is six millions, not thirteen kVM POST OFFICE NEW YORK From Chicago Plan Coitwnission Collection. The area recommended for the Chicago post office site is 205,301 sq. ft. This is one-third less than the site area of the new Pennsylvania terminal post office in New York. New York has three main post offices, the aggregate area of ichich is 546,460 sq. ft. Notwithstanding in 1912 the postal receipts of New York exceeded those of Chicago by only $3,365,058. In 1915 Chicago's receipts exceeded New York's in some months by $30,000 a month. MAKE CHICAGO ATTRACTIVE Page Thirty-three hensive letter dated August 16, 1911, was addressed to the then Secretary of the Treasury, the Honorable Franklin Mac- Veagh, signed by Mr. Charles H. Thorne, chairman of the post office site committee of The Commercial Club, which organiza- tion was responsible for the Plan of Chi- cago. That communication was prior to the action of the Chicago Plan Commission on this matter and recommended blocks 29 and 44, with a combined net area of 250,187 square feet. On the subject of that site Mr. Thome's letter says: "The report of a committee during Postmaster Busse's term of office (1908) says that by 1916 the require- ments of the Chicago post office will be 700,000 square feet. "We see no reason to question this estimate and, indeed, looking ahead for the short period of twenty-five years, we believe that even the larger area now recommended will then be thought too small. "We believe that even the larger area proposed will be inadequate un- less augmented by sub-stations, trans- fer stations, tube systems and every mode of transportation which can be devised." Working independently and following entirely different lines of investigation, the conclusions of the Chicago Plan Commis- sion in recommending two blocks are iden- tical with the arguments advanced by The Commercial Club Committee in Mr Thome's letter. The Commercial Club's recommendation of blocks 29 and 44, in conformity with the Plan of Chicago, was prior to the fix- ing of the West Side terminal site by city ordinance. The Chicago Plan's recommen- dation of blocks 49 and 50 conforms to the terminal location. Naturally, it is also in harmony with the central street system in the Plan of Chicago, which plan, at the re- quest of The Commercial Club of Chicago, was entrusted for study and development to the Chicago Plan Commission by an act of the City Council of Chicago. Consideration by the government of a west side site should primarily embrace a comprehensive study of traffic and the pres- ent central street layout, in connection with the recommendations for relief proposed in the Plan of Chicago. Tt is of the utmost importance to the joint business interests of the government and the city that the new post office be located to fit in with the cen- tral street system in the Plan of Chicago, work upon which is now in an advanced stage of procedure in court. The abandoned site recommendation by The Commercial Club located the post office on the proposed main east and west axis, Congress Street extended, and in proximity to the second western quadrangle boundary, Halsted Street. The present recommendation lo- cates the site on Canal Street, the western boundry of the inner quadrangle, formed by it, Roosevelt Road, Michigan Avenue and Chicago Avenue. This quadrangle is intended to relieve congestion in the so- called "loop" district. The location of the postoffice on the quadrangle at the recommended Canal Street site between the West Side termi- nals will afford far greater accessibility be- tween the post office, the center of the city and the various other railway terminals than would any other available site. The growth in the receipts and tonnage of the Chicago post office for the past twenty years establishes unassailably the fact that even a ten-story building on a single block would be practically insuffi- cient by the time it was ready for occu- pancy. Then Chicago would again be face to face with the same inadequate facilities it has suffered for the past thirty years. It is not within the province of the Chi- cago Plan Commission to render an opinion on horizontal versus vertical methods of mail operation. That is a matter to be de- cided by the government authorities, as en- Page Thirty-four MAKE CHICAGO ATTRACTIVE POST OFFICE, CLEVELAND, OHIO Original half building erected 1856; completed 3912. -From Chicago Plan Commission Collection. gineers can devise ways to handle tonnage by either principle. This is strictly a mat- ter of engineering opinion, as there has been insufficient experience to warrant positive recommendations as to the preferable method. Whichever method may be determined as best, it could doubtless be made to operate as satisfactorily in a building of moderate height on two blocks as in a tall building on one block. The Chicago Plan Commission is not arguing that question. It is, however, unalterably opposed to the selection of a single block because investigation proves that an adequate post office cannot be built on any single available block. All west side blocks within two blocks of the railroad terminals are of a nearly uniform area. They are 398 by 320 feet. each having an area of about 127,360 square feet. The largest block is 7 per cent smaller than the site of the present post office. If on one of these blocks a ten-story post office is erected from building line to building line, without light shafts or corridors on the lower seven floors, and also without provision for ground floor loading room, it would give a total of only 967,934 square feet. On the other hand, if there is deducted the entire first floor for loading room, there would remain 863,499 square feet, and if, in addition, there is deducted a necessary amount for light shafts, there would be available only 771,801 square feet. For proper perspective and architectural effect, as well as to provide wagon ap- proaches on government property to re- MAKE CHICAGO ATTRACTIVE Page Thirty-five lieve the stress of traffic in the streets, the post office building should be set back from the building line one-fifth of the total area This has been the practice in the recent con- struction of postoffices in other cities. If thus set back and no deductions are made for loading room or light shafts, there would be available only 792,372 square feet. If, in addition, there is deducted room for light shafts and the entire first floor for loading room, there would be available only 624,420 square feet. The above figures are all on the basis of a ten-story building on a single available block. The total space occupied in the present post office is 423,134 square feet. If the past ten years' increase in tonnage is main- tained, ten years hence there will be re- quired 846,268 square feet, or 221,848 square feet in excess of the total available square footage of a properly constructed ten-story building on a single block. But if, on the contrary, a ten-story building on a single block is erected solidly from build- ing line to building line, the next ten years' increase would absorb, by the time the building is ready for occupancy, the entire available space of 863,499 square feet left after deducting the first floor for loading room. There would then be no possibility for expansion. Mr. Thome's letter states : "In the early eighties a post office build- ing was built upon the site of the present building and was torn down about ten years later." Another ten years was occupied in the erection of the present building, during which the post office business was accom- modated in a makeshift building on the lake front. The present building inadequate before it was finished is not yet quite ten years old. Hence, Mr. Secretary, it is ob- vious from this condition of affairs, men- acing to the commerce of Chicago and the important postal business of the govern- ment in the world's fourth city and the second in the United States, that the Chi- cago Plan Commission, in its recommenda- tion of two blocks on Canal Street, is de- sirous of securing adequate postal facili- ties in its new building, not for the next ten years, but has in mind, on the contrary, the needs of the post office for a long time to come." The postmaster in 1908, as stated in Mr. Thome's letter, estimated that in 1916 the requirements of the post office would be 700,000 square feet. If the room at the railway terminals now used as branch post office stations where large firms send their mail matter direct instead of to the main post office were added to the present post office area, we would now exceed in the amount of space used the total square footage that in 1908 was predicted would be needed in 1916. Present 1915 local post office officials es- timate that 775,000 square feet will be re- quired in the new building. Chicago's successive post office construc- tion in tne past is clearly indicated in the lack of foresight shown in the following facts : In 1896 the floor space of the old post office was\ii8,9o8 square feet. The post office authorities estimated that 244,806 square feej would be needed for the new building constructed in 1906. The actual square footage in the building when com- pleted was 246,204 square feet. This, it was immediately found, was entirely inade- quate. It has been added to by changes in the interior of the building, until today the total floor space is 423,134 square feet. This is an increase of 100 per cent more space than was estimated would be needed ten years before, when the new building was planned, and takes no cognizance of the various branch stations at the railroad terminals. If the present post office is, in ten years, 50 per cent too small after being con- structed on an estimated increase of no per cent over the old building it is quite evident that in ten years after the con- LOOKING SOUTH ACROSS NORTH PLAZA, SHOWING POSSIBILITIES OF DEVELOPING NORTH MICHIGAN AVENUE. Drawing by Vernon Howe Bailey MAKE CHICAGO ATTRACTIVE Page Thirty-seven struction of the proposed new building the floor space required will be 1,500,000 square feet, based on the same rate of increase as heretofore, instead of 775,000 square feet, as officially estimated. This would require a twenty-story building if only a single block is secured now. Economy alone would seem to demand the present acquisition of sufficient area to avoid the unnecessary expense of secur- ing additional adjacent land at prohibitive cost, due to the inevitable rise in real estate values, in the next ten years, in the section where it is proposed to locate the post office. Economy could be had, and the country's business dispatched, if farsightedness were employed in postal construction. This is the more apparent because of the increase of parcel post business. The increase in the postal receipts for the past twenty years augurs a future postal business almost be- yond the power of anyone to forecast. The growth in the receipts during that time is amazing. In 1896, when the old post office was torn down, Chicago's postal receipts were $5,204,236. In 1914, twenty years later, the receipts were $25,000,000, an increase of about 500 per cent. When the present post office was occupied in 1906 the postal receipts were $12,885,149, so that in the past ten years they have exactly doubled. If the same ratio of increase is maintained in the future and the same length of time is required in building a new post office by the time the new post office is ready for use the postal receipts of Chicago will be $50,000,000 annually, and in twenty-five years the receipts will have reached the enormous proportion of $125,000,000 an- nually. Contrasting Chicago's present postal re- ceipts of $25,00,000 with the postal receipts of other cities, in relation to the purchase price of sites, illustrates how wholly out of proportion is the appropriation for the Chicago site, compared with site appropria- tions for other cities. If the appropriation for the Chicago site had been made on the same basis as for other cities in relation to their postal receipts, Chicago would have $25,182,472 on the basis of Philadelphia; $17,308,800 on the Pittsburgh basis; $16,- 500,000 on the Baltimore basis ; $14,664,500 on the San Francisco basis; $13,400,000 on the Denver basis; $5,508,597 on the Cleve- land basis; $4,851,196 on the Boston basis; $3,420,000 on the Minneapolis basis; and $3,333,333 on the basis of Atlanta. The key to this comparison between Chi- cago and nine leading cities is contained in the postal receipts at the time their respec- tive sites were selected versus the purchase price of the sites, and is as follows: City Receipts Cost of Site Philadelphia $1,568,669 $1,573,867 Pittsburgh 500,000 346,176 Baltimore 827,102 550,000 San Francisco 1,772,867 1,055,000 Denver 93,5 I 3 500,000 Cleveland 2,649,112 586,021 Boston 6,858.520 1,329,095 Minneapolis 2,554,129 349,000 Atlanta 1,500,000 200,000 Doubtless a more convincing table of comparison could be had in figuring the tonnage of the Chicago office in relation to the total square footage of post office space versus the tonnage of other cities and the square footage provided. This comparison we are unable to show at this time because we have not been able to ob- tain the tonnage and total square footage of post office space from all the cities named. Enough has been revealed, however, to positively ask why the present appropria- tion of $1,750,000 should be made to cover the purchase of a site which is clearly shown to be not only inadequate but mani- festly out of proportion with the provision made for cities where the postal receipts, tonnage and population are only a frac- tion of that in Chicago? As a matter of fact, this will not even buy one block. On the subject of the most desirable Page Thirty-eight MAKE CHICAGO ATTRACTIVE location for a new post office in Chicago, the local postmaster, in an address before the Chicago Association of Commerce, made an exhaustive statement, in which he said that the entire handling of the mails would depend upon the site selected. There can be no possible question as to the advantage in postal operation of the two blocks recommended by the Plan Commis- sion, which adjoin the Northwestern and Union terminals and are directly connected with both, where is handled 62 per cent of Chicago's entire mail tonnage. The loca- tion of the post office between these two depots means the maximum convenience in postal operation, in dispatch in mail ser- vice, and in financial economy in handling the postal business. A location that would mean the quick dispatch of the mails and a tremendous saving in other ways to the government certainly justifies, it would seem, an initial expenditure for an adequate site. Chicago, in view of her important rela- tionship to the post office service of the central west, should be provided with am- ple facilities and space for the continual increase which is sure to follow, and these facilities should not be experimental in any sense. The great commerce of the Missis- sippi Valley will be aided or hindered in large measure by the spirit in which the Federal Government embraces this present opportunity to make the necessity of today a virtue for tomorrow, in creating a postal agency of the highest and most certain efficiency at this point. Practical postal operation should never be subordinated to beauty of architecture. On the aesthetic side, however, what has ever more appealed to the conscious ideals of individuals of all countries than the dig- nity of the nation as expressed in the sub- stantial beauty of governmental buildings which, since time immemorial, have in all countries typified classic design? Never- theless, it is realized that local arguments must also be practical ; hence the Chicago Plan Commission has endeavored to review the subject from the standpoint of the prac- tical present and future necessities of Chi- cago. Now in summing up in brief the reasons of the Plan Commission favoring the selec- tion of the Canal Street site of two blocks, at the outset two all-important facts should promptly engage attention : First, that space around the buildings should be provided for mail transmitted by wagons and trucks, which on this site can be admirably provided on the lower level. Second, it is provided by the west side terminal ordinances that Canal Street shall be a two-level thoroughfare and shall be widened from 80 to 100 feet. The advantage of a two-level street in the construction of a post office building and the operation of the mail service is of such signal impor- tance in connection with the accessibility of this site as to alone justify its selection. The recommendations of the Plan Com- mission favoring blocks 49 and 50 on Canal Street are based on the following reasons: 1. Accessibility. The relation of the post office to the street system to afford the greatest degree of accessibility to and from all parts of the city, especially the central business district, commonly called the "loop," and to the present Federal Building. 2. Street area. Fronting on a two-level Canal Street, in conjunction with eighty- foot-wide thoroughfares at Madison, Clin- ton and Adams, it has the advantage of facing parallel streets of two different levels Canal and Clinton allowing direct mail wagon approach or entrances by easy in- clines to two floors, the second floor from Canal Street and the first floor from Clin- ton Street. 3. Advantages of two-level Canal Street. This affords direct connection across Mon- roe Street between the two blocks on both the first and second floors. This connection could be provided on the first floor level under Monroe Street near Canal, and on the second floor level by a bridge over MAKE CHICAGO ATTRACTIVE Page Thirty-nine Monroe Street near Clinton Street. This means a great advantage in the internal working of the post office, which would not be possible if located on streets of a uni- form level where no connection would be possible on the first floor. The total area of blocks 49 and 50 is 205,301 square feet. Surrounding them there is 46 per cent more street area than around any two blocks in that immediate locality, caused by the 34,400 square feet on both the upper and lower level of Canal Street and the surface level on Clinton Street. 4. Proximity to two railroad terminals where 62 per cent of the total mail tonnage of Chicago is handled will result in maximum efficiency. It affords the most direct possible connection with both rail- road stations, both on the street surface and by sub-surface. Direct mail connection is possible between the railroads entering the Union Station and the recommended site. 5. It affords the most direct and shortest connection by either wagon or tube with the present post office, through which mail service for the loop district will be handled. It has the further advantage of permitting maximum ease and efficiency of postal op- eration between the post office and the two terminals by the tube or belt system. 6. The maximum financial economy in handling the mails is assured. 7. The dispatch in the mail service that it makes possible through the facility of re- ceiving, distributing and dispatching the mails. This is enhanced by the location of the post office on Canal Street, which is to be widened to 100 feet and connected with the north side by a two-level street and bridge at Kinzie Street. This, in conjunc- tion with Chicago Avenue, Roosevelt Road widened to 108 feet, and the widening and improvement of all east-and-west viaducts across the Chicago River in the terminal district, forms a great distributing circuit making the post office accessible from the south, west and north without entering the loop and meeting the street congestion. 8. The final reasons for the selection of blocks 49 and 50 on Canal street, as rec- ommended by the Chicago Plan Commis- sion in addition to their natural advan- tages because of location are Chicago's fu- ture requirements, based on past experience in the rapid growth of Chicago's com- merce, population and postal business. NEW UNION TERMINAL STATION NOW BEING CONSTRUCTED ON CANAL STREET BETWEEN ADAMS STREET AND JACKSON BOULEVARD. LA PIAZZI DEI MARTIRI, NAPLES From the collection of the Chicago Plan Commission. Another splendid setting for a monument. What of Chicago? Seed Thoughts for Citizens IN view of the urban tendency of the times, and the growing and controlling influence of the great centers, the fu- ture of our city is certainly a timely sub- ject for thought and discussion. The cities of today, as. centers of thought, culture and action, have the vastest range of influence and potentiality, so that the protection of the citizens with sanitary surroundings and inspiring environment means not only sav- ing the youth and strengthening the citi- zenry but directly influencing the nation for advance and betterment. As the best humanitarians hold that man builds upon the basis of character, so it is that cities in their physical planning, as it affects their surroundings, must provide for the finer things that tend to make the mind as well as the body rich. The city plan, in view of these conditions, becomes one of the most important and far-reaching influ- ences of the times. Economic conditions growing out of the war make absolutely imperative the need for conservation in its largest and broad- est sense as it affects the public welfare. As an essential prerequisite to that end there should be conserved time, money, material, physical strength, and all those elements which make for the best economic develop- ment. In the consideration of this all-im- portant question city planning looms up as Page Forty-two MAKE CHICAGO ATTRACTIV E TRAFALGAR SQUARE, EAST LONDON, WITH MONUMENT IN COMMEMORATION OF THE GREAT VICTORY OF LORD NELSON From the collection of the Chicago Plan Commission showing that we could have more of these monuments in the business sections of Chicago. the most desirable means to attainment, especially the benefits proposed in the Plan of Chicago. These are of fundamental importance be- cause they are concerned with the eco- nomic handling and distribution of food- stuffs, cheap and easy means of transporta- tion in all of its branches, vastly larger pro- vision for healthful recreation for all the people, relief from congestion in the crowded districts, safeguarding the public health in every possible manner, and the saving of scores of millions of dollars by properly building today so the future will not be another chapter of wasteful destruc- tion in rebuilding to repair the mistakes of shortsightedness. What is done now for the future must be done right. Chicago in its present physical state is a glaring example of the lack of foresight and judicious planning. These defects may be remedied now without bur- densome tax upon the people. Tomorrow will be too late to save untold millions in money and to secure our people and our commerce against deterioration and decay. This is Chicago's gravest hour of need and its moment of greatest opportunity. Chicago's first reconstruction duty is to- ward its returning soldiers. Work must be provided for them, and the proper employ- ment of labor should be our first consider- ation. The best opportunity for this is work on Chicago's great public improvements. Chicago today stands at the threshold of a great future. Ever since the Civil War the people of our country have been flock- ing in ever increasing numbers to the cities and to Chicago. New problems in social science have been created because of the bringing together of people of different families and different races, and these prob- MAKE CHICAGO ATTRACTIVE Page Forty-three NAPLES, ITALY, SHOWING WATER FRONT AND MUNICIPAL PARK, FORMERLY THE NATIONAL PARK. From Chicago Plan Commission Collection. lems must be solved by our municipalities. From this contact are coming new needs. It is necessary to promote happiness and content among city people, and to interest them in the development of a proper moral and religious life in their communities. What are we, as citizens, to do to pro- mote the future well-being of our city? First of all we must realize that each of us has duties to perform toward our city and rights to claim from it. Unless we know those duties and those rights we can never act a just and independent part. When sufficient community patriotism has been aroused, our city can substitute order for disorder, and reason, common sense and action for negligence, indifference and inertia. City building is man building. Man. physically and mentally well-developed, is the city's greatest asset, and must be pre- served. More than ever, now that the war is over, do our citizens require the health- giving privileges of more light and air in their homes and places of business, more and larger parks, more playgrounds and forest preserves, and increased bathing beach and recreational facilities. Modern people are realizing more and more each year that city planning is one of the most important problems which our cities must solve. This is true because the guiding of the physical growth of a city along practical as well as attractive lines is really fundamental. City planning un- derlies all commercial and social problems. Because it affects the happiness and pros- perity of all our citizens, and of millions Page Forty-four THE QUEEN VICTORIA MEMORIAL IN FRONT OF BUCKINGHAM PALACE, LONDON the collection of the Chicago Plan Commission showing an ideal situation for a memorial. the human race under bad conditions of city life is one of the great problems of the age. The deficient and delinquent records of Chicago, as well as the records of pre- mature mortality, show that there are cer- tain districts in which misery, vice and early death seem congested. Those sec- tions furnish an unanswerable indictment of the conditions of life under which we permit some of our people to exist. Proper housing, proper sanitation, air and sunlight are the first rights of human- ity, and when we permit them to be denied we must accept responsibility for the in- evitable result. Dirt, grime and sordid conditions are not part of municipal success. They are, rather, evidences of failure to grasp the fundamen- tal truth that men who are happy, whose lives are cast in pleasant places, who are clean of body and clean of mind, are the men who best do things. A city built on rational and modern lines means more of comfort, more of health, more of oppor- yet to have a home among us, the work of the Chicago Plan Commission should be studied and encouraged by every Chicagoan. Chicago is a great crucible into which has been poured people, customs and tradi- tions from a field that covers the earth, and from which is emerging the final prod- uct of ten centuries of political struggle American democracy. As heir to the ages, Chicago is working out the problems of self-government and rights of man that had their inception with the dawn of history in the forests of Friesland and Jutland, and came down to us step by step through cen- turies of trouble, always triumphant, never completed. Chicago has a good citizenry a patri- otic citizenry it is proud of its citizens, and its citizens are proud of their city. They know that attractive development, and good citizenship go hand in hand, an I they want to see their city made the best it can be. The physical and moral deterioration of MAKE CHICAGO ATTRACTIV E Page Forty-five MICHIGAN AVENUE FROM PARK ROW IN ALREADY IMPROVED tunity for physical, mental and moral de- velopment of its people. The inspiration for a city-wide plan of physical development along orderly and scientific lines was an outgrowth of the World's Columbian Exposition. Eight years were devoted by the members of The Com- mercial Club of Chicago, and the country's best technicians under the direction of the late Daniel Hudson Burnham, to perfect- ing the Plan of Chicago. When completed ten years ago, the Plan was presented to the city as a gift from The Commercial Club, and the Chicago Plan Commission was cre- ated by the City Council for its study and advancement. With its more than three hundred members from every section of Chicago, the Plan Commission is truly rep- resentative of the entire city and every ele- ment in it, although it is non-political, non- partisan, knows no creeds, and serves no purposes other than the common good of the whole municipality. ILLUSTRATING HOW CHICAGO HAS Original Owned by Chicago Historical Society The Plan of Chicago is a great, construc- tive work. It is practical, sane and ef- ficient, and knows neither the untenable heights of irrational fancy and extrava- gance, nor the constricted depths of parsi- mony and self-interest. It offers a closely reasoned, carefully studied, well balanced solution which provides generously alike for all the community. The changing con- ditions of city life demand now more than/ ever that intelligent action be taken to im- prove living conditions in our municipal- ities. The projects embodied in the Plan of Chicago have a most_important bearing upon the inauguration of hygienic meas- ures for the benefit of our citizens and for the amelioration of living conditions. How- ever, the consideration of these questions must be left to experts, whose duty it should be to ascertain the causes of distress and illness, recommend preventive measures, and suggest means for disseminating knowl- Page Forty-six MAKE CHICAGO ATTRACTIVE OLD butt! UbAKBORN, 7S5C, FOHMEHLY K11UATED ON THE SOUTH SIDE OF THE CHICAGO RIVER AT MICHIGAN AVENUE AND RIVER STREET. Courtesy Rand-McNally Souvenir Guide to Chicago edge of the results so ascertained, which, when thoroughly understood, will awaken a great demand for the necessary legislation to remedy the ill conditions shown to exist, and to provide for more public aid. The Plan of Chicago is jiot_ a panacea for all the civic ills that beset our city, and it in no wise conflicts with other worthy and necessary measures of relief. Its com- pletion will mean purer air, better light., more breathing spaces and additional places of recreation; therefore it should have the active support and co-operation of all who are interested in bringing a ray of sunshine into the lives of the less fortunate. jrheJPlan aims simply at the moral up- lifting and physical development of Chij^ cago for the good of not one class of peo- ple or of one section of the city, but for the good of all Chicagoans for the good of all Chicago. It means betterment of general living conditions for our poor, re- claiming our lake front for the people, in- creasing our park areas and public play- grounds, creating additional bathing beaches and pleasure piers, and a scientific devel- opment of the arteries between the differ- ent sections of the city north, west and south. .It aims to develop the enduring commer- cial prosperity of the city; and in order to do that all the elements which go to make up a great city must be considered, just as all exalted characters must be well-rounded men, men who are developed on all sides of their character, physically, mentally, morally and spiritually. And so large cities, if they wish to be great, must develop on all sides; must develop their commerce, their health, their beauty and their morals. The Plan is a great practical ideal for orderly physical development. Naturally it must be worked out piece by piece. The idea for creating order out of chaos should be taken up by the entire clergy of the city ; all school teachers in public, parochial and MAKE CHICAGO ATTRACTIVE Page Forty-seven private schools ; by the professors in all de- partments of our colleges; by clerks in stores and offices ; by factory employes and laborers of all classes. Every Chicagoan, neighbor to neighbor, should catch the Chi- cago Plan spirit and talk about it. It is the one Chicago issue that all Chicago can and should unite on a non- political, non- partisan, common-sense plan to harmonize some of the loveliness and unloveliness of physical Chicago, an idea to make a prac- tical, beautiful piece of finished fabric out of Chicago's crazy-quilt. A well-planned city means a city in which business can be most economically and suc- cessfully conducted. Planning for good public health, long life and more leisure and contentment for all is necessary if we are to continue in Chicago as a strong, virile and capable people. Beautiful parks, fine monuments, well laid out streets, relief from noise, dirt and confusion all these things and many others contemplated in the Plan of Chicago are agencies that make not only for the future greatness of the city but the happiness and prosperity of its people. Commercially the Plan has to do with the regular arrangement of the streets within the city. Its aim is to save time and effort in traffic between the various sec- tions. Socially it has to do with adequate provision for the public health. This is gained through the best location of parks and playgrounds, and the opening to light and air of crowded housing districts. A proper city plan is the foundation for all social and commercial advance. Orderliness is one of the best invest- ments a city can make, but the appeal of the Chicago Plan Commission is by no means entirely a commercial appeal. It is, of course, a practical appeal, to secure the interest and sympathy of a most practical people, but above that it is a human appeal, a moral appeal, an appeal to make Chicago better not for the money that is in it, but for the sake of the higher mental, moral and physical people that a perfectly ar- ranged city will produce. NEW ILLINOIS CENTRAL STATION As it will appear on new East Twelfth Street and Indiana Avenue extended, replacing Park Row, with new Field Museum on the lake front at its terminus. SOUTH PLAZA OF THE NEW MICHIGAN AVENUE LOOKING SOUTH FROM BRIDGE SHOWING POSSIBILITIES FOR ATTRACTIVE DEVELOPMENT. Drawing by A. N. Rebori MAKE CHICAGO ATTRACTIV E Page Forty-nine 1L THE NEW TWO-LEVEL BRIDGE, A PART OF THE MICHIGAN AVENUE BOULEVARD LINK From the collection of the Chicago Plan Commission When the United States became involved in the great war fourteen of the principal features of the general plan were either un- der construction or well advanced in legal procedure. Within a month after the sign- ing of the armistice the Chicago Plan Com- mission issued a "Reconstruction Platform" which deserves the hearty support and co- operation of every citizen of our great city. When the Plan is finished, the remark- able destiny of Chicago will be assured. No other city of modern times has been given a Plan so comprehensive one that pro- poses so many economic, hygienic, socio- logical, commercial and humanitarian bene- fits and one so thoroughly calculated to meet the needs of a vast and growing pop- ufece. The cost of public playgrounds, lake front parks, bathing beaches, forest pre- serves and similar recreational features for the benefit of all our people, drops into in- significance when compared with the price- less value of safeguarding the health of our men, women and children, and the knowl- edge that we are doing our full duty in cre- ating conditions which will increase hap- piness, elevate morals and produce better citizens. The physique of people in large cities is deteriorating, and the only way it can be safeguarded and made more efficient is through proper provision of light and air, which are hygienically basic, and healthful amusement, fun and recreation, which are the greatest lubricants for physical welfare and the greatest protection for moral health. Our country went to war to preserve to Page Fifty MAKE CHICAGO ATTRACTIVE A VIEW OF MICHIGAN AVENUE LOOKING NORTH ACROSS GRANT PARK. posterity a heritage worthy of the civiliza- tion of our day. Democracy, indeed, must be saved for future generations, but with it we should also hand down the ma- terial benefits of our age. It is false econ- omy to place upon them the burden of our neglect of opportunity. The needs of our people must be met in this day if vast econ- omies are to be conserved in the future. Investments in public betterments cannot be regarded as expenditures. They are economies. The expenditures of today are the economies of tomorrow. If we do not make the public improve- ments which are necessities today, we shall only deprive ourselves and not conserve the needs of the future. Such a course would most assuredly subject us to the criticism of posterity for what could be termed our extravagant neglect. We must not cease to regard our city as our larger home, or neglect to advance those things which must be done to advance the interests of our- selves, and of our children and of our chil- dren's children. The war has caused cities the world over to realize that with the loss of ten million men municipalities must do everything they can to preserve and build up the next generation, and they cannot afford to let it grow up in insanitary and disagreeable surroundings. Conditions which make for good health, good order and good citizenship must be made clear to our people. The needs and possibilities for expansion and develop- ment of community life under proper con- ditions must be outlined, that effort under the urge of civic patriotism may be prop- erly directed. Our people must be led to recognize their duty of looking into the MAKE CHICAGO ATTRACTIVE Page Fifty-one THE GRANT MONUMENT IN LINCOLN PARK, CHICAGO. future, knowing that to be unmindful of the needs of days to come is to be unfaith- ful of obligations to themselves, their com- munities and posterity. We have reached a time now when the citizen, to do his duty, must plan for the welfare of coming gen- erations. It is necessary that the people realize and that the young be taught, that the really great work of the world today is that which foresees and builds for the fu- ture. There is another and deeper motive in planning for the future greatness of our city than its splendid material upbuilding. This is of significance only as it expresses the actual social, intellectual and moral up- building of the people, and, so far as, in turn, it opens the way for further develop- ment of this higher type. Who is there among us who is not lifted above sordid industrial existence into the realm of the beautiful and ennobling things of life by attractive surroundings ? The ideal of a city, however, must rise above mere commercial and industrial su- premacy, taking the higher ground of be- coming an attractive, composite home for its residents both of large and small means, as well as for the stranger within its gates. While the wealthier class of citizens in any community can build up beautiful residen- tial sections on well laid out avenues and boulevards, what will become of those who have neither organization nor money to aid them in intelligently planning the most meagre comforts of ordinary home sur- roundings? The interests of the inhabi- tants of the most unfortunate districts must be safeguarded. No people of any city will labor harder or sacrific more for their city their larger home than will the people of Chicago. It UNIVERSITY OF H.UNOII tIBRARY Page Fifty-tvvo MAKE CHICAGO ATTRACTIV E CLARENDON BEACH Tens of thousands in the water at Clarendon Beach, 1916 ; 23,000 bathers have visited this single beach in one day. What better argument could possibly be had for the "Reclamation of the Lake Front for the People" f is this civic patriotism almost as strong as our love of country that in the past has urged Chicago to great achievement. By harnessing the energy of every Chicagoan in the years that have gone we have brought forth civic works of great magnitude. To- day all the world knows that what Chicago wills to have created will be created; and what it wants done will be done. The Chicago Plan Commission is endeav- oring to cut away the shackles which bind Chicago so that our city may be free to arise and effectively exert its might to ful- fill its ambition to be the best, most orderly, most healthful, most convenient and most attractive city in America. The completion of the improvements in the Plan of Chicago will cause men to mar- vel that such physical changes can be brought about within their city. They will be astounded when a section once backward in solid development has been opened up and started on its upward way by so simple a method. They will want similar changes all over the city and will force them to be made. Men in the mass are imitative they take inspiration and courage from a good ex- ample ; they follow such an example, and the result is always for better things. There is eloquence in stone and steel; there is in- spiration in good architecture ; there is character building in good surroundings. Our city as our larger home does much to mold our character. Unknown and un- realized by us, the silent forces of our en- vironment are working upon us and upon each of our fellows. MAKE CHICAGO ATTRACTIVE Page Fifty-three The Chicago Spirit is at work among us ; it is calling upon a united citizenship to achieve for Chicago, and in no better way is that spirit manifesting its determined, unfaltering and triumphant character than in the hearty and effective public support of the Plan of Chicago and the work of the Chicago Plan Commission. Henry Drummond said : "To make cities is what we are here for. For the city is strategic; it makes the towns ; the towns make the villages ; the villages make the country. He who makes the city makes the world. After all, though men make life, it is the cities which make men. Whether our national life is great or mean, whether our social virtues are ma- ture or stunted, whether our sons are moral or vicious, whether religion is possible or impossible, depends upon the city." A great man once said: "An individual never attains any very great size, mentally nor morally, except as he attaches himself to a great idea, and that idea, being worthy, grows with him until the stature of the man becomes equal to the stature of the idea to which he has attached himself." The Ran of Chicago is Chicago^s_ notice^ to the world that the indomitable energy that built Chicago in a generation is still ou r^ energy ; that the genius that created the unrivaled beauty of the world's greatest fair is still our genius ; and, above all, that the spirit that has made progress the sym- bol of our commercial life has stamped "/ Will" and "We Will" upon the progress of our civic life. It is certain that Chicago is to continue to remain one of the greatest cities on earth. It is probable that Chicago will be- come the world's metropolis. It is the duty of every citizen to look ahead and plan for the future of our city, watchfully guard- ing its rights, and hopefully working to build Chicago on a plan that will make cer- tain its development into the most conveni- ent, attractive and healthful city in the his- tory of the world. Chicago is set in the center of the larg- est and richest centralized territory on earth. We have a city where commerce flows to and fro by water and rail with an ease and economy unmatched by any other city. We have unlimited room for growth and unlimited supplies of cheap building materials. We have all forces known work- ing to promote Chicago's interest, to in- crease Chicago's commerce, and to extend the trade of its merchants and manufac- turers. Understanding the conditions that are giving Chicago the opportunity to become probably the largest city of the world, we can all clearly see that it is our duty to aid in the city-building, man-building work of the Chicago Plan Commission, so that as Chicago grows into the largest it shall also grow into the best ordered, most convenient and attractive city in the world and the one that does the most for all its people. View looking north of the South Branch of the Chicago River showing the suggested arrangement of streets and ways for teaming and reception of freight at different levels. gprnininiinnuHiiiiiiiinniwiiiuiiiiNiimiiiiimiiuuiHii^ I I The Reclamation of South Water Street -.iiiiimiiMiniiiiiiiiiniimimimiMiiiiiiwiiiiiHiiii^ (PUBLISHER'S NOTE: The report of the Chicago Plan Commis- sion made public in 191 7 affords startling evidence at the tremendous economic waste in the existence of the South Water Street market as at present, and it thows how the people of Chicago would be saved $6.000.000 a year by reclaiming the street for public use and removing the market to a more advantageous and economic site. Following are the salient features taken from the Plan Commission's report which the publisher believes every citizen and taxpayer of the city of Chicago should acquaint himself with.) TO complete Chicago's great central district, the greatest in the world, South Water Street must be re- claimed for all the people. South Water Street can be made into the second finest thoroughfare in Chicago, equaled by none except Michigan Avenue. It will reduce the "high cost of living" by saving the people of Chicago $6,000,000 annually $3,482,400 on waste of food- stuffs ; $1,624,800 on cost of handling food- stuffs ; $563,000 saving to commercial inter- ests ; $160,000 saving in time by reduced street traffic delays and $169,800 annual revenue to the city. It will be an effective distributor of traffic in the city's heart, and will reduce loop congestion 16%, by removing 15,714 vehicle trips per day. It will add two new through east and west traffic arteries, the lower one unob- structed by cross traffic. It will bring State, Dearborn, Clark and Wells Streets into their full usefulness by removing the present clogging by peddlers' and grocers' wagons between Lake and South Water Streets. It is a simple plan, involves no legal diffi- culties, is not prohibitive in cost of con- struction, and will save in a single year an amount equal to the total cost. It will greatly increase property values, thereby adding to the taxable property of Chicago, and increasing the city's revenue South Water Street today is an economic waste; a burdensome charge on all the people ; a drawback to Chicago's progress ; obstructive to its prosperity, and a confla- gration danger to the whole Loop district. South Water Street is a physical misfit. If left as it is, it must forever remain dwarfed, destroying its own usefulness. Imagine a condition such as South Water Street is today, two blocks from the Grand Opera House in Paris two blocks from Trafalgar Square in London or next to the Waldorf-Astoria in New York. Yet. South Water Street is only two blocks from the Chicago City Hall, and only a three- minute walk from the world's busiest retail shopping district. It is a lack of business wisdom to delay its speedy reclamation, and the fulfillment of its great public use. Here is the way to change South Water Street into a fine highway of tremendous economic value to Chicago, and profit to the city treasury plus a tremendous saving to the consumer: First Take for public use all the prop- erty between the river bank and South Water and River Streets from Michigan Avenue to Market Street. Tear down all the buildings and convert their sites into street space. Second Double-deck South Water and River Streets from Michigan Avenue to MAKE CHICAGO ATTRACTIVE Page Fifty-seven SOUTH WATER STREET AS IT IS TODAY A PHYSICAL MISFIT IN CHICAGO'S SCHEME OF DEVELOPMENT Market Street, having the upper level con- form about to the present elevation of the decks of the bridges. Keep the upper level of the new street for light traffic, excavate and construct a heavy traffic way on the lower level to connect the lake front ware- house, railway and manufacturing district with the West Side railway and industrial zone. Third Create on the surplus area of the lower level a rail-and-water freight transfer and team track facility open to all roads for the downtown district, leasing platform and traffic rights to a terminal company ; freight cars to be conveyed to and from the termi- nal by car floats and lighterage on the river. Sub-surface area, if not used for freight station purposes and through traffic road- way, to be used as a public garage and park- ing space for automobiles. The sub-surface space under the lower level will afford a storage space for the storage of 300 sub- way trailer cars, besides a double track for through service. These uses will produce public revenues sufficient to pay, in a few years, the entire cost of remodeling the street, so far as it would be borne by the city, and annually will save the citizens an amount equal to the total cost. The engineers, architects and technical staff of the Chicago Plan Commission, aided by traffic, transportation and realty experts, have made a thorough study of the plan here outlined. It has been adjudged feas- ible, economical and in every way desirable. South Water Street is potentially one of Chicago's most valuable street assets. Na- ture has made it the logical north boundary MW?V mittUV BHumaalv' imm*wii^- (u > EH * b o 08 o ** K) M * 62 gfe fe;^ E3 O 0$ 03 m ^ | ^s ^ x MAKE CHICAGO A T T A' .1 C T I V E Pae Fifty -nine of the Loop district, a little area compris- ing one-quarter of a square mile of high development in the heart of the world's fourth city. Consider how the improve- ment proposed will bring South Water Street into its destiny, not as a fruit market, but as a modern, high-class business thoroughfare. On the upper level the new street will terminate upon the fine, broad plaza at the south end of the new Michigan Avenue bridge. This light traffic driveway, skirt- ing the river's edge for half a mile, will be mostly of a width of no feet. It will slope inappreciably to normal street level at Mar- ket and Lake Streets. There can be broad sidewalks and such decorative treatment of the river embankment as is desirable. On the lower lovel, which will be 135 feet wide, will be provided a commodious and finely paved traffic road. This will connect at River Street and Michigan Avenue with the lower level of the double-decked new Michigan Avenue bascule bridge. South Water Street east of Wabash Avenue will go underneath Michigan Avenue on the lower level and on into the freight yards. Its western exit will be into Market Street, which is very wide, at the Lake Street bridge. The lower level of this new traffic- way will have no cross traffic. Teams and trucks will have no delays, and so a tre- mendous volume of business can flow through it at huge saving in time and money to the industrial and commercial interests of Chicago. An important advantage of the lower level is that it will uninterruptedly connect the Illinois Central freight terminal area with the West Side warehouse and ter- minal districts. The lower level area, to be used for freight service and transfer, will be approx- imately one-third of the entire ground area. A roadway of 80 feet along the north or river line of the street will leave 55 feet for railway trackage and loading platforms. The cost of remodeling South Water Street and River Street on this plan is es- timated at $5,931,250. Of this sum $3,700,- ooo will be for lands and buildings (an average value of $31.22 per square foot), and $2,231,250 for double-deck structure, dock walls, excavating, grading, approaches, and realty damages. The land values given are the full, fair cash value as fixed by the Board of Review, and are accurate. The bulk of the South Water Street property to be taken is 55 feet deep, and the street is 80 feet wide. Property immediately to the south, north and west of South Water Street will ex- perience a decided increase in value as a result of this project. This improvement, in connection with the opening of the Franklin-Orleans Street bridge, the new double-deck Kinzie Street bridge and the improvement of Canal Street, will mate- rially raise surrounding property values in all directions. Whatever part of the cost the city would bear will be speedily returned to it in rentals of the sub-surface area, and the increase in tax assessments. South Water Street will be capable of the best and highest development when the pr ) posed plan is carried out. Its buildings will enjoy light and air superior to any business way in Chicago, except Michigan Avenue, with no east and west street cars on its broad upper level, but crossed at State, Dearborn, Clark and Wells Streets by important car lines. High buildings will succeed the low and old fire traps now there. The street will have all the advan- tages of a boulevard on its upper level, and all those of a heavy trafficway below. As a produce market, South Water Street is doomed. New locations, with improved sanitary and scientific handling and inter- change facilities, must be found. Handling produce on South Water Street has been proved most expensive, costing $1,624,800 each year more than it should cost. All products are carted to it under costly and wasteful conditions. Food is frost-bitten in winter, wilted in summer, and started toward decay by being hauled over rough SUGGESTED TREATMENT OF GATEWAY TO NORTH MICHIGAN AVENUE, LOOKING NORTH. Drawing by A. N. Rebori MAKE CHICAGO ATTRACTIVE Page Sixty-one streets. This wastage amounts to the huge sum of $2,520,000 annually. This loss is all borne by the consumer, which is one reason for the high cost of living in Chicago. The advantages of the proposed two-level improvement of South Water Street are : 1. It will reduce the "high cost of living" by saving the people of Chicago $6,540,000 annually $2,520,000 on waste of foodstuffs; $1,624,800 on cost of handling foodstuffs ; $563,000 haulage saving to commercial interests; $1,600,000 saving in time by reduced street traffic delays ; and $232,- 200 annual rental revenue produced for the city. 2. It will be an effective distributor of traffic in the city's heart, and will reduce loop conges- tion 16 per cent, by removing 15,714 vehicle trips per day. 3. It will be a great distributor of traffic to all sections, operating with Michigan avenue and the great plazas there, the Franklin-Orleans and double-deck Kinzie street bridges, the widened, two-level Canal street, and the Improved Roose- velt Road. 4. It will enable vehicles between the North and West and Southwest sides to avoid loop con- gestion. 5. It will greatly facilitate commercial traffic on the important east and west streets imme- diately north of the river by lessening cross- traffic congestion. 6. It will add two new through east and west traffic arteries, the lower one unobstructed by cross traffic. 7. It will bring State, Dearborn, Clark and Wells streets into their full usefulness by re- moving the present clogging by peddlers' and grocers' wagons between Lake and South Water streets. 8. It will provide an uninterrupted connec- tion between the Illinois Central freight yards and the West Side warehouse and terminal dis- tricts. 9. It will tremendously ease the hardship on teaming, and increase loading capacity 25 per cent, by reducing the present grade between Mich- igan avenue and the Illinois Central yards from 5 per cent to 1 per cent. 10. It will connect on the east with the upper and lower levels of Michigan avenue, and on the west with the present grade at Market and Lake streets. 11. It will be a fine thoroughfare 110 feet wide on the upper level for high class commer- cial development, enjoying unexcelled light, air and transportation. 12. It will conform on the upper level with the new grade level of the bridges now being built, and will fit in with the proposed La Salle and Franklin-Orleans street bridges. 13. It will immediately provide abutting prop- erty with direct contact with rail and water transportation; and with merchandising facilities above and freight facilities below. Its two-level street advantages will greatly increase property values on South Water street. Every element of the improvement is ideal for the most profitable use of the abutting property. 14. It will be of incalculable value when the Lakes-to-the-Gulf waterway is completed ; and will also fit in with any future union freight clearing methods that may be adopted. 15. It is a simple plan, involves no legal diffi- culties, is not prohibitive in cost of construction, and will save in a single year an amount equal to the total cost. 16. It will be the first step in the Plan of Chicago to make the banks of the Chicago River profitable, useful and attractive. 17. It will greatly increase property values, thereby adding to the taxable property of Chi- cago, and increasing the city's revenue. E. I. W. = fMinnu Increased Bonding Power n ifiiiiiiiiiimiimiiiiuiiiHiiiiiiiimiiiiiiiimiiiiiiiiti'ii (PUBLISHER'S NOTE: The Chicago Plan Commission is the most useful quasi-public body in Chicago. Its value to the city lies not only in what it create* and recommends in the way of public improvement* for the economic benefit of the whole people, but also in what it pre- vents in the way of menacing and uneconomic development. No better illustration of the usefulness of this commission is afforded than in its recent strenuous and successful fight for increased bonding power for I'lmiiimiiiimiHiiiHimiiniMiiiimiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiuiiTs Chicago and other Illinois cities, so that the public improvements it has recommended can be made during the fi period. It demonstrated that the annual saving in the South Water -year reconstruction Street loss alone would, in five years, pay for the entire cost of all the i I proposed improvements.) 1 i ^1 ''' = SmilHIIIIIIIWIIIII!ll!l[||l!llll!llllllill|IHnilli;;IIIIIIIIIIIIIIII]llllilHlliliiniW CHICAGO has operated under ex- tremely adverse financial limitations for a great many years. For thirty- two years, from 1871 to 1903, Chicago made practically no increase in its bonded debt, although the population increased from 306,000 in 1871 to more than 2,000,- ooo in 1903. A small measure of relief was had in 1909 when the assessed valuation was changed from one-fifth to one-third of the full value. Since that time 411,398 people have been added to the city's population an increase of 18.82 per cent or equal to a city the size of Cincinnati, O., or Newark, N. J., and only about 25,000 less than the popula- tion of Milwaukee, Wis., according to the last census. These cities only the size of the increase in Chicago's population in ten years have an indebtedness per capita av- eraging $126.38, or approximately 4^2 times that of Chicago today. During the next ten years Chicago will have an even greater increase in population, but on the same ratio as the increase for the past ten years 18.82 per cent it will have added 488,695 people to its population, or more than the 1917 population of Buf- falo, N. Y., or San Francisco, Calif. Chicago the fourth city in the world is in a class with country towns, so far as indebtedness is concerned. With nearly 3,000,000 inhabitants, Chicago in indebted- ness per capita is in a class with cities of 30,000 to 150,000 population, like Kenosha, Cedar Rapids, St. Joseph, Mo., New Haven, Grand Rapids, Sioux City, Davenport, Lin- coln, Neb., and Lexington, Ky. New York's annual interest alone on its bonded debt is greater than Chicago's entire bonded debt. Chicago foots a list of 163 American cities in indebtedness per capita. Of the 219 cities of over 30,000 population, only 56 have a lower indebtedness than Chicago Seventy cities in the United States owe from two to six times as much money as Chicago. It was this condition which caused the Chicago Plan Commission to make its long, strenuous and successful fight to have the State Legislature grant Chicago and the other cities of Illinois financial relief inso- far as the issuance of bonds is concerned The law limits the indebtedness of munici- palities to five per cent of the assessed valu- ation. In 1909 the assessed valuation was fixed at one-third of the full value of prop- erty. As a result of the efforts of the Chi- cago Plan Commission, the State Legisla- ture at the session ending June 18, 1919, changed the assessed valuation from one- third to one-half of the full value, thus allowing Chicago to issue $27,500,000 additional bonds above the present limit. Page Sixty-four MAKE CHICAGO ATTRACTIVE The Plan Commission pointed out that this would not increase the taxes beyond a few cents per hundred of assessed value, necessary to provide for the annual interest and sinking funds. The bonds are to be issued over a number of years, but even if they were all issued at once and right away, the maximum amount of the special tax therefor would amount only to twelve cents per hundred dollars of as- sessed valuation. Spreading the bonds over a number of years, naturally, will materially reduce this amount, and it should be borne in mind that no tax is levied until bonds have been issued, and that no bonds can be issued for any purpose until they have been approved by the people in referendum. Changing the assessed valuation required the passage by the Legislature of some sixty-nine other bills proportionately reduc- ing the different tax rates of all taxing bodies in the state. The passage of this legislation by the General Assembly opens the way for a vote by the people on the issuance of bonds to cover the latest recommendations of the Chicago Plan Commission for the widening, opening and extension of Ogden, Western and Ashland Avenues and Robey and South Water Streets, and the completion of Michigan Avenue improvement now un- der way, the city's share of the cost of which has been estimated at $28,600,000. Copyright, The Commercial Club of Chicago. VIEW LOOKING SOUTH OVER THE LAGOON OF THE PROPOSED LAKE FRONT PARK EXTENDING FOR FIVE MILES ALONG THE SOUTH SHORE. 1 ,i, The F o rest reserves aimiimillMIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIINIIIIIIIIIINIIIilllll": PUBLISHER'S NOTE. We give credit to the Board of Forest Preserve Commissioners for the fact? and text contained in this article. The citizens of Cook County owe much to this Board and to its Presi- dent, the Hon. Peter Reinberg, for the work that is being done to preserve a vast tract of forest land, which is now owned by the Forest Preserve District of Cook County. We are thus staying the hand of destruction lor all time in the realm of virgin forests, the refuge for wild game and birds. \ gyilllllllnilllllllllllinilllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllll THERE are few people in this State acquainted with the effort that is being made in Cook County to pre- serve the chain of forests destined to become the great playground for fu- t u r e generations. Where mankind with its frailties has failed in the preser- vation of facts bear- ing on the earliest life in this region, sturdy nature has not failed. The story which these Forest Preserves unfold is truer and more beautiful than can ever be put up- on paper. To that end we have at- tempted in this arti- cle to produce some illustrations which will give a faint idea of the character of the Forest Preserves and their unusual and unexampled beauty. Each piece of rugged forest with its never-to be erased trails winding through A SCENE IN THE FOREST PRESERVES Photographed especially for this book By L. A. Wolterding valleys and over hills is a chapter in this story. Each stream with its fords marked! by mighty rocks that will be waiting for many generations to- come is an impres- sionable illustration of the narrative. These great prime- val forests were the battle grounds and the hunting grounds of prehistoric Cook County, and are now the recreation grounds for the twentieth cen t u r y citizenship. In pre serving them for the future, we have accom- plished the end sought by the law- makers of Illinois, who conceived the idea of the Forest Preserve District preservation of the forest land for the people, protection of the last fragments of Nature's most won- derful handiwork so fast giving away be- fore the crushing heel of Industry and Page Sixty-six MAKE CHICAGO ATT R ACTIVE A SCENE IN THE FOREST PRESERVES By L. A. Wolterding Photographed especially for this book the ever onward march of Commerce. At this point it is interesting to note some of the history connected with our vast forests, to the point where civilization first showed its hand. This history states how Joliet and Marquette, those French explorers never to be forgotten, braved all the dangers of the Illinois River, banked with savage redskins, to visit the "Checau- gau Portage" in 1673. They tell us that Indians only did live here previous to that time. That is the beginning of the most wonderful story open to all in Cook County willing to have a rendezvous with Nature in these tracts of forest land skirting the city of Chicago. In the Palos Hill tract 2,370 acres of virgin forest bordering the Drainage Canal t h at was the Checaugau (Wild Onion) River in In- dian days there is the only evidence we have as to what were perhaps the original in- habitants of our countryside. They were mound Indians. Mounds stand there today, our only link to the life that existed on the ground we oc- cupy, back in the days when men seeking to establish the globular formation of the earth stumbled onto America. They tell at least how and where the aborigines lived. Trails easily definable for amateurs and unmistakable remnants of village habita- tion bear evidence to the ac- tivities of the Pottowatomies, Ottawas, Chippewas, Winne- bagoes and Iroquois, chiefly the first named Indians who might be styled the natives of Cook County. There also are found the marks that tell of white man's first venture into our domain the explorations of the Frenchmen. Ruins of French forts fur- nish the story of their struggles to hold the territory against the Indians who were making a fight for their native land. Then in the northern end of the county we likewise find trace of the French effort in the short-lived development of the terri- tory which was theirs by virtue of their exploring tendency. It is the site of Father Francois Pinet's Jesuite Mission founded in 1696 Cook County's first religious institu- MAKE CHICAGO ATTRACTIVE Page Sixty-seven tion a milestone in history. That was located near the present Gross Point, west of Wilmette, at what were then the headwaters of the North Branch of the Chicago River. The site overflowed what the Indians styled "Quiet Lake," from which we have today the picturesque Skokie Marsh. This "Mission of Guardian Angel," founded there be- cause of the popularity of a portage between that point on the North Branch and the southward flowing waters of the Desplaines, and the Dur- antye for, 1686, near the river mouth, constituted the French effort toward settle- ment of Cook County. In 1699 opposition to the Jesuits resulted in abandon- ment of Father Pinet's mis- sions and for almost a cen- tury the tribes of redmen held full sway throughout the country, and, in fact, through- out the entire Northwest. Indian hostility forced prac- tical abandonment of the "Checaugau portages" by white men. It was during that period that the Pot- towatomies, having demonstrated their right to the territory by many bloody wars fought on the shores of the Desplaines, Chicago and Calumet rivers, developed the "Indian Cook County" evidenced in the chain of villages and forts connecting trails. It was of these Indians our county's first inhabitants that Judge Caton, close student of redman traits, wrote, "They despised the cultivation of the soil as too mean even for their women and children, A SCENE IN Photographed THE FOREST PRESERVES By L. A. Wolterdins especially for this book and deemed the captures of the chase the only fit food for a valorous people." Yet it was the Pottowatomies that gave us those "good Indians," Alexander Rob- inson and Billy Caldwell (Sauganash), whose names have been written indelibly into Cook County's history. And Grover, writing of the Pottowatomies of the Woods, credited them with "becoming in time a different people; they were susceptible to the influence of civilization and religion; and took kindly to agriculture to supplement Page Sixty-eight MAKE CHICAGO ATTRACTIVE A SCENE IN THE FOREST PRESERVES Photographed especially for this book By L. A. Wolterding and to augment the fruits of the chase." The old Indian trails many of which have developed into highways for modern traffic and under the "good roads" cam- paign instituted by the county commission- ers, have blossomed forth as splendid boulevards furnish a perfect network of communications between the different for- est preserves. No surveyor or engineer of today could anticipate the needs of two generations to come as did those uncivilized Indians more than a century ago when they "beat the path" for the modern highways of today. For instance, there is the heavily traveled Green Bay Road which has sprung from the red men's Green Bay trail. Happily the close-to-fifteen thousand acres of forest land now constituting the preserve district represent all that is choice in the Cook County ground so dear to the modern citizenship for its Indian associa- tions. By some good turn of fate it is the his- torically famous tract in almost every local- ity that was preserved all these year await- ing the inevitable government action that has taken form in the creation of the dis- trict. Landscape value has probably been the secret of our good fortune. Strange as it may seem to the citizens of Cook County wont to read of natural splendors from afar and so admire them, nowhere in the world can be found scenery that can be compared, in many respects, to landscapes right here at your doorstep. And peculiar as it may seem to us with whom thoughts of explorations carry us back centuries, there are acres upon acres of the wildest sort of territory within the MAKE CHICAGO ATTRACT! y E Page Sixty-nine county's preserves that have probably never been explored a veritable adventurer's paradise. For the admirer of natural scenic effects there are weeks and weeks of thrills ahead just in visits to territory within their own county. Both historically and geologically, the Cook County Forest Preserve Districts constitute a national attraction yet to be recognized locally. One might well spend weeks along the Desplaines River in that stretch of 2,500 acres extending twenty miles from Madison street north to the county line a valley so loved by the Indians that many preferred to die there rather than yield to the pale- faces. That is the same river valley which Joliet and Marquette styled the "realm of beau- tiful country" back in 1673. It was always the favorite abode of the redmen. Every A SCENE IN THE FOREST PRESERVES Photographed especially for this book By L. A. Wolterding A SCENE IN THE FOREST PRESERVES Photographed especially for this book By L. A. Wolterding turn in the beloved stream had its village; every promontory its fort for the purpose of defending the home against invaders. And the same is true of the Salt Creek Valley, extending west of Riverside to the county line, another Indian paradise 684 acres which men competent to judge on rugged natural forestry admit have no su- perior anywhere in the country. Great forests of oaks and maples and hickory and elm, inhabited by every known species of animal and bird life those ex- tinct are being revived and carpeted with a variety of flowers and fauna worthy of a horticulturist's dream, are found here. Northernly all Preserves are connected with the splendid concrete roads and easily accessible by the maze of railway lines as shown in the complete guide and route map appearing in this book there are the two Page Seventy MAKE CHICAGO ATTRACTIVE A SCENE IN THE FOREST PRESERVES PhotoyrapJied especially for this book By L. A. Wolterding famous groves for which townships are named Elk Grove and Palatine Deer Grove. These with the Desplaines and Chicago rivers tracts, the old Turnbull Woods and Big Woods or Evanston Woods on the Green Bay Trail and the Schaumburg reservation, constitute the system for the north of the county, all of which will be de- scribed in detail later. In the south a system just as attractive has been established with the acqusition of Palos Hills, the Willow Springs woodland where canal boat drivers on the Illinois and Michigan canal stopped to fill their water barrels, the Chicago Heights tract, a thou- sand acres of incomparable scenery, the Homewood, Little Calumet and Beverly Hills. Beverly Hills alone, at 8/th street and Western avenue, with that massive rock formation standing close to 100 feet high,, rivaling the far-famed Starved Rock on, which Indians died by the hundreds, con- stitutes an attraction worth traveling miles, to see. This Beverly Hills peak was an impor- tant point in the days of Indian wars. It was the chief signal tower from which the orders went out mobilizing the redskinned warriors from villages for miles around in case of emergency. Then directly west of the city of Chicago' there is the beautiful Thatcher's woods, which, including the Steele tract, has long, been known to the city's and county's recreation seekers as we hope will soon be the case with every inch of the woodland in the district's 13,000 and more acres of to- day. Wherever possible the preserve commis- sioners have striven to develop this great natural park system for the convenience of the public. Artificial improvements, such as the construction of the "wonder lake" in the Palatine tract, have been made and will be made wherever possible. In the development of the Forest Pre- serve District the president and members of the board of commissioners are actuated only by the desire to carry out the law cre- ating the district in such a way as to operate to the best interests of the public. Each and every citizen of Cook County is a partner in this project the greatest thing of its kind as may be seen if time is taken to read through this article. And the one thing that is going to make it still greater is widespread public interest which we feel is coming once the public is ad- vised. <1) Lincoln Monument, Lincoln Park; (2) Statues, Gar field Park; (3) De La Salle Monument, Lincoln Park; (4) Logan Monument, Grant Park; (5) Statues, Garfleld Park; (6) "The Alarm," Lincoln Park. (1) Garfleld Park Pavilion: (2) Lincoln Park Refectory; (3) Entrance to Garfield Park Refectory and Rest Rooms. Henry Fuermann 6 Sons, Architectural Photographers Chicago's Parks and Driveways By FRANK J. CAMPBELL PUBLISHER'S NOTE These views of the Chicago Parks are fur- nished by the courtesy of Henry Fuermann & Sons, Architectural Photographers, Chicago Official Photographers for this book. THE wealth of interesting attractions presented to visitors who come by the thousands every year to Chicago include not only the many art studios, galleries, lectures and numerous displays in private and public collections but sev- eral tours over the miles of boulevards and through the parks. These tours can be so planned and arranged that visits can be made to many social centers, the public playgrounds, the field houses, the conserva- tories, country clubs adjacent, art colonies and hosts of other pertinent and pleasant attractions incidental to the aims and work of club women. The University of Chicago and the Northwestern can be in- cluded also, and the excursions demon- strate that Chicago has a most fascinating environment in which Nature has been developed through the aid of competent directors of the various Park Commissions. Justly proud of her parks and driveways, Chicago arranges excursions, which are conducted by representative men and wo- men to show the development and beauty of the park system. In no country are there longer continuous driveways than in 'Chicago and along these driveways may be seen splendid types of architecture, beauti- ful landscape gardening, monuments, views of the lake, the artistic field houses and playgrounds designed for the use of the people in their leisure moments. Both men and women of this country and abroad re- mark upon the extremely beautiful series of parks and their connecting links. Chi- cago is unique in drawing to it as perma- nent residents an art-loving community which assists in the propagation of munici- pal art, notably those from other countries. One never forgets the Dream City of 1893 whose lingering remnant, typified in the Field Columbian Museum, is still standing, a melancholy spectacle, but visited for its hallowed associations and its superb archi- tecture, wreck as it apparently appears to be. Some of the Ferguson Fund would preserve this one example, purely classic and sublime, for future generations if im- mediate steps were to be taken to check further decay. The pioneers of Chicago foresaw the possibilities of the Garden City, and al- though the progress was slow, still it was permanent and well planned. Chicago has more artistic beauty than is generally con- ceded, and the excursions with well in- formed persons are full of beauty and his- toric interest. There are fifty-three cem- eteries in which are monuments to distin- guished people, handsome mausoleums and good statuary. The landscape art is excel- lent and on Decoration Day thousands visit these Cities of Silence, Rosehill, Graceland, Calvary, Oakwoods, and are amazed to find shafts to the Blue and the Gray, to Bohem- ian soldiers and sailors, to the Press and in- dividual soldiers and citizens of rank. The drives to and through these quiet places are well worth while. The Lake Shore Drive is a popular drive starting from the Art Institute speeding (1) Scene, Gar field Park; (2) Scene, McKinley Park; (3) Fountain House, Gar field Park; (4) Scene, Sherman Park; (5) Fountain Pool, Humbold Park. Henry Fuermann & Sons, Architectural Photographers MAKE CHICAGO ATTRACTIVE Page Seventy-five north on Michigan avenue, crossing the .space some day to be metamorphosed into beauty, over the narrow stream, Chicago .River, a little east and then to the esplanade with the broad expanse of Lake Michigan sparkling in the sunshine. On the west, handsome types of architecture line the way and here Chicago's wealth is represent- ative with private galleries, rare curios and tapestries. Reaching Lincoln Park, the tourist enters an inclosure which formerly was a cemetery, and which still contains the dust of an old Revolutionary hero, the spot being marked by a boulder with the inscrip- tion "David Kennison, age over one hun- dred years by the Daughters of the American Revolution." Saint-Gaudens statue of Lincoln is the most admired of all the many statues in Lincoln Park and most reverently and the great inspiration for all. It is a noble work and Chicago is proud to show it as an ex- ample of patriotism, martyrdom and artis- tic excellence. It was in 1828 that Illinois was given the tract of land which is known as Lincoln Park, but it was not until June, 1865, that it was so-called, receiving its first appropriation of $10,000 when it start- ed on its career of expansion which regis- ters 12.64 square miles, but the district con- trolled by the Lincoln Park Commissioners covers 699.94 acres, which includes 9.33 miles of boulevards, thirteen in number. The seven Commissioners are appointed by the Governor with consent of the Senate. There are a president, vice-president, treas- urer, secretary, superintendent, attorney, and auditor to direct the system. Small parks and fieldhouses associated under the management are Stanton Park, Hamlin Park, Seward Park, Wells Park, the Lake Shore Playground and others which are in- tended for the use of the public, and all well equipped with all facilities of shelter, gymnasiums, outdoor and indoor, restau- rants, assembly halls, adapted to the cen- tter wherever placed. Within the confines of Lincoln park is the Luther Laflin Memorial, the Academy of Sciences in which are 250,000 specimens of mollusks and others of natural history of local interest. During the great fire the original building was destroyed but the present one is much admired, being of Ital- ian Renaissance style of architecture, 132x61 feet, built of Bedford limestone. Conservatories of great size filled with rare plants assist in promoting the applications of the laws of color harmony as exempli- fied in the landscape architecture. An- nouncements of unusual floral displays in the conservatories draw the public at all times, notably the night-blooming cereus, the roses and the chrysanthemums. Ani- mals delight the children and the adult, so the "Zoo" is an ever present charm and lure, as the wonders of the animal kingdom are many. As a collection, the "Zoo" ranks with the most renowned, attracting scien- tists as well as the average tourists to view its wonders. The aviary, too, is a delight and joy for all with its feathered groups. Lagoons and bathing beaches have their portion of humanity every day and Sunday, but the pedestrian loves to stroll through the park and study the statues which in- clude the equestrian statue of Grant by Re- bisso, and erected by popular subscription. The statue of Linne, the naturalist, the gift of the Swedish citizens of Chicago, is another of large proportions and of com- manding interest. Shakespeare by Part- ridge runs a close second to Saint Gauden's Lincoln for merit as well as popularity. Here is the mecca for thousands, especially on the commendation of the Immortal Bard's birthday when pageants and devo- tional exercises are annually presented and participated in by the clubs and schools. The Alarm Group by John J. Boyle is worthy of interest, representing an Indian group in danger. The Signal of Peace, or an Indian messenger with the flag of truce, is another portrayal of aboriginal life by C. E. Dallin. De La Salle, the work of Count (I) Golf Links, Jackson Park; (2) Public Playgrounds, Palmer Park; (3) Refectory, Eckhart Park; (4) Playgrounds, Cornell Park. Henry Fuermann d Sons, Architectural Photographers- MAKE CHICAGO ATTRACTIVE Page Seventy-seven Jacques de la Laing, Benjamin Franklin by Parks, Garibaldi by Victor Ghiradi, Schill- er and the most recent Goethe by Herman Hahn, unveiled June 13, are other notable figures; while Hans Christian Andersen by Gelert is a statue which the children love. Near the flower parterre, is the fountain by Saint Gaudens, which is composed of a group of frollicking cherubs grasping a huge fish, slashed by sportive swans. These important works are most inadequately presented to the reader, but they await your inspection. Lincoln Park has many beautiful spots in it and it is being enlarged to a greater extent. Chicago's foreign pop- ulation have been more generous and ap- preciative of their distinguished men than the American apparently, but the future holds excellent promise for other statuary which all women hope, may include some of the magnificent women of the world and America and signalize their achievements. Painters and sculptors are creating these wonderful works for posterity, but at pres- ent, woman is rarely presented to public view in our parks except as representative of the ideal of all that is beautiful and in- spiring. From Lincoln Park to the West Side is a gradual transition along remarkable boule- vards. Speeding in to the parks controlled by the West Chicago Park Commissioners, our visitors are regaled by other scenes of wondrous landscape gardening, other con- servatories and thousands of participants in the glories which tempt the humblest and the most exalted. As for Lincoln Park, the Commissioners of the West Side parks are also appointed by the Governor and Senate, and are seven in number, but a body of officers also assist in the expansion of the system. So well has this been accom- plished that there is a pleasant rivalry in attractions. The area of the Park District is thirty-five square miles with twenty-five miles of boulevards and 13 parks. Of these mention may be made of Humboldt, Gar- field, Douglas, Jefferson, Franklin, Pulaski and Sheridan as notable in name, while there are many other small parks. Humboldt Park and Garfield Park, in which lagoons, pools, drives, walks, con- servatories, boathouses and refectories are abundant are most beautiful in landscape gardening. Pergolas, rose gardens, statu- ary as an aid to landscape effect contribute their charm and many monuments add dis- tinction to these larger areas of loveliness. Here was tried the experiment a few years ago of placing statuary in parks, and as a result two beautiful groups in marble by Lorado Taft are placed near the conserva- tory in Garfield Park, amid the marvelous palm collection. The statue of Robert Burns' is also in Garfield Park, as are Hum- boldt and Leif Ericson. Near this latter statue an astonishing demonstration was held during the summer of 1917 by Ameri- can Norweigians in a celebration of Nor- way's independence of a century, for Leif Ericson, they assert, was the discoverer of America. Here also Kosciusko and Reuter occupy places of honor. In Douglas Park is Havlicek, while the tall shaft surmount- ed with a statue of Douglas, for whom this west side park is named, looks out over the lake on the south side in a small inclosure where the remains of the distinguished statesman now rests. Union Park has a statue of Carter H. Harrison, and the Hay- market riot has been commemorated with a statue of a policeman, many of those brave men having lost their lives in this riot. The anarchists have a monument in Waldheim Cemetery as a memorial of those who died for their convictions. Charles J. Mulligan has The Miner, The Rail-Splitter and a fountain in the West Side parks, and Leonard Crunelle has ex- amples in the water gardens. Boat houses and refectories accommodate the patrons of these parks and artistic benches are placed at intervals for rest. The driveways, as in all the parks, are vistas of extreme C\)View Taken in Washington Park; (2) View Taken in Washington Park; (3) View Taken in Jackson Park; (4) View Taken in Washington Park. Henry Fuermann & Sons, Architectural Photographers MAKE CHICAGO ATTRACTIVE Page Seventy-nine beauty, at all seasons of the year and the artistic lighting at twilight and evening adds a fairy-like atmosphere. Music of high merit is frequently a feature and often given in the marble music pavilion in Hum- boldt Park. All in all the park system of Chicago has provided recreation in all forms conducive to health as well as pleas- ure. The Small Park system has grown to great proportions and to being equipped with all modern appliances for the pleasure, uplift and health of those in the congested districts of the city. These special parks are governed by men appointed by the mayor of the city. They consist of fifty-nine small parks and squares, will distributed and located, several bathing beaches and municipal playgrounds, these latter origi- nating in Chicago and commanding the at- tention of all interested in sociological work. Following the boulevard system one ar- rives on Garfield Boulevard on the south side, where the activities of the South Side Commissioners are observable. Directing from an imposing administration building in Washington Park, these men control a large area of 92.6 square miles, but they are appointed by the circuit judges and are five in number. Washington Park has an area of 371 acres and has boating facilities, baseball and football fields, tennis and croquet courts, archery range, a sand court for chil- dren, a speedway and an equestrian path, a music pavilion and winter skating. A large refectory caters, as in all the parks, to the hunger of the citizen while there. At the entrance is the only statue, an equestrian of Washington. The rose garden, the formal garden, the tree that Grant planted, the mineral well where a floating debating so- ciety frequently meets by chance, and in which much philosophy is heard, the russet sunsets, the golden light of noon, the soft light of twilight and the flickering shadows of moonlight on the bordered walks fringed with green branches, are all features which the artist, the tourist and the sociologist en- joy. Jackson Park is connected with Wash- ington Park by the long stretch of scenic beauty, known as the Midway. Sometime soon the Fountain of Time by Lorado Taft will be placed at Cottage Grove avenue, the entrance to this mile of sunken garden in prospect, lined with the buildings of the University of Chicago. A park in its en- tirety even now, when completed, the Mid- way will be transformed. Jackson Park covers 542.89 acres and has all the facilities of Washington Park with two golf links, one of nine and the other of eighteen holes. Shelters, lockers and showers for men and women are provided for the golfers' com- fort. The Wooded Island with the gift of Japan, its exhibit in 1893, the charming rose garden, the German building, also a relic of the Columbian Exposition year, the replica of the Convent of La Rabida. now a baby sanitorium, the yachting basin where the caravels should be, instead of be- ing dragged to the Panama Exposition, the Life-Saving Station and other equally at- tractive features lend interest at Jackson Park. The Iowa building, a pavilion, and the Maryland building, also relics of those historic days, are also in this park. As an Art Palace, the Field Columbian Museum has already been mentioned earlier in this sketch. One looks for the Viking's boat and the Cahokia Court House and feels re- warded after inspection. Jackson Park keeps the spirit of its great White City so dear to all Americans as one of the finest structural and artistic creations ever erect- ed. It is unsurpassed for beauty as Lake Michigan sparkles and dances in the sun- shine, or tosses and tumbles as a tumultu- ous, overwhelming and powerful body of water, awe-inspiring in grandeur when a northeaster stirs it to fury. (1) Garden in Humboldt Park; (2) Garden in Washington Park; (3) Pergola in Independence Square; <4) Entrance to Conservatory, Humboldt Park. Henry Fuermann & Sons, Architectural Photographers MAKE CHICAGO ATTRACTIVE Page Eighty-one The South Park Commissioners have control over many parks and squares cov- ering a wide area in which the field houses and playgrounds with their splendid com- munity activities are classified as for health, social, civic and efficiency. A volume would not contain the wealth of service the Chi- cago Park Commissioners control and de- velop ; nor will it be possible to mention the parks and squares by name ; but all are ap- propriately, familiarly given titles to enlist the enthusiasm and co-operation of the communities. Amusement Parks are feat- ures of Chicago and on the South Side one .finds the Midway Gardens, created by Frank Lloyd Wright, in which genuine mu- sic is dispensed by efficient and expert mu- sicians. The Bismarck Garden on the North Side has also a clientele which de- mands the best in music. Chicago is mak- ing wondrous strides and permanently cre- ating a standard of culture that makes for .her future. Chicago impresses the visitor with her real value through her parks and drive- ways and her interest in the historical as- pect of her development. At the foot of Michigan boulevard, on the site of Fort Dearborn, is a tablet recording that fact; on East Eighteenth street is a sculptured .group commemorating the massacre of Fort Dearborn, in the Iroquois Hospital is .an artistic tablet in memory of the terrible catastrophe in the theater of that name; a monument of the fire of 1871 is also placed where the fire originated; at Market and Lake the Lincoln Wigwam is on record; a Across marks the spot where Pere Marquette and Joliet first landed on South Robey street ; Glencoe has marked the Indian trail, The Waubansee Stone, six feet tall and three feet square, is one of the few authen- tic relics of Chicago when it was a military post ; standing on this stone Daniel Web- ster made a speech in 1837. Parks and driveways of Chicago are sources of wonder to travelers, for it is rare to find such as these, and on such an extensive scale in so young a city. They are as accessible by car lines as by motor and the millions who enjoy their privileges and delights cannot be computed. Service, expense and vigilance unite with the intel- lect of Chicago's conservative commission- ers in giving this metropolis occasion to feel great pride and in honoring all who care to understand the West of America. Sixty or seventy public neighborhood centers assist in the magnificent work of making a citi- zen and more largely these centers are in the foreign quarters which are represented by over forty nationalities. Observation is one of the best means of cultivating a sense of the beautiful and the parks and driveways of Chicago afford a rich display. Landscape gardening is a sci- ence that is just becoming appreciated and the desire for civic betterment requires a knowledge of the science if the true sense of beauty and utility combined is to be used in the treatment of out-door architec- ture. In the past, straight lines and angles have been most generally followed, an er- ror easily corrected by expert students of that science of city planning for the future. Planting trees and shrubs as adapted to season, environment and proportion is con- sidered, especially in the playground dis- tricts. In the poorer and congested dis- tricts of a great city, the unwelcome sights must be shut out in order that the child may have a change of thought, and an in- spiration for something higher than the dull monotony of his daily existence ; hence the trees and hedges will grow in time and give him an appreciation of Nature when shut within the grounds where he finds his pleas- ures. Parks have been most carefully planned for this result in their pleasing variety of lagoons, water gardens, lily pools, islands and their walks and drives. Nature is here presented to the child, as in his neighbor- hood gardens. There are also the city gar- (l)Bathing Scene, Lincoln Park; (2) and (4) Municipal Pier; (3) Scene on Sheridan Road; (5) Bath- ing Scene at Chicago Beach. Henry Fuermann d Sons, Architectural Photographers MAKE CHICAGO ATTRACTIVE Page Eighty-three dens, where the child and adult take pleas- ure in raising vegetables and flowers on va- cant lots, the results having been prodigious in the moral and sanitary uplift. Terraced effects and curved bridges as in Japan have been employed in the parks, while the graceful curves of the silvery water as it springs from delicately designed fountains cause unalloyed delight. On the city streets the window box is becoming an established fact in Chicago and the tourist is thus somewhat prepared for the masses of green, the light and shade of the park and boulevard system. Chicago evidences a spirit of apprecia- tion in its art progress, but the errors of the past in acceptance of inartistic modeling or crude architecture will not be repeated with the alert interest now predominating to cor- rect and avoid these errors. Artists find in- spiration in the exquisite scenic effects of the trees, pools and hedges. Sketching classes occasionally chance on a visiting artist at his easel and his enthusiasm is un- bounded. The flower-beds, the fountains, the training of trees and their remarkable preservation are subjects for thought. It is unfortunate that Grant Park is still a wretched area and the lounging place for the submerged tenth, when it could be made -a scene of beauty. Commercialism domi- nates and retards the efforts of the commis- sioners who must be restless under the de- lay. Hovever, the Mary-Ann front of Chi- cago is more than recompensed by the Queen-Ann back as visualized in the chain of parks and boulevards. Chicago has over a million foreign resi- dents who appreciate the parks and when it is known that it is the second largest Bo- hemian city in the world, the third Swedish, the third Norwegian, the fourth Polish and the fifth German, one is not surprised to find evidences of their contributions of sculpture to beautify the parks. The ap- proximate expense of maintaining the park system is over $2,000,000 annually ; but the benefit to its nearly three million popula- tion in the making for better citizenship, a more healthful community, is inestimable. "Landscape gardening is as applicable to the ordinary back yard as to extensive es- tates and parks, other things being equal, sunlight and soil. The only difference be- tween the two is one of magnitude or scale. No better example of the tiny garden can be found than those created by the wonder- working Japanese gardener. On a plot of ground the size of an ordinary back yard they will lay out a garden in which one can almost lose himself. Flowers, shrubs, walks and water in the form of a pool or tiny stream go to make these places a thing of beauty and a joy forever." This excel- lent suggestion from the Toledo Museum News is most timely : if Chicago's parks im- press with their splendor, their utility and their informal atmosphere why not try to emulate them. The toy Japanese garden, the table ornament, now so acces- sible, is ideal in assisting to carry out the idea for the window box or the back yard and thus one can have a landscape garden on his own premises. Chicago's parks and driveways are educational as well as re- freshing and beautiful. Their influence should be far-reaching. (1) Bathing Scenes, Eckhart Park; (2) Bathing Scenes, Pulaski Park; (3) Bathing Scenes, Standford Park; (4) Bathing Scenes, Gar field Park. Henry Fuermann d Sons, Architectural Photographers Ci i v i c A r t i n Chi i c a g o By MYRON H. WEST Pr elide nt Amer can Park Bu Id en MUNICIPAL Art in Chicago is often regarded to be lacking. Unfortu- nately few visitors leave the city with a great admiration of our public buildings and other civic features. It is true in a great measure that the decoration of Chicago has in a way been subordinated to that wonderful commercial activity which has been responsible for the city's being. It would have been nothing short of miraculous had our untutored, pioneer forefathers been able to build a city of Chicago's magnitude out of the very mud of the prairie and at the same time give to it the polish and the finish which characterizes the old centers of civiliza- tion in Europe. That ordinary business prudence was lost sight of in the laying out of the city which could have been managed economically with it, is not surprising. Many of the early builders of Chicago were plebeian and poor, and not having received the benefits of education or travel knew little of the art of city building. A later generation, plunging into the fascinating game of money making and seeing in Chicago large- ly a place in which to delve in the rich mines of natural resources, cared less for the city in a sentimental way. They only hoped to be able to retire to more livable sections when their fortunes should be made. It has been thus in many western cities ; but people frequently underestimate the length of human life and before these riches were to exist another generation was firmly implanted in the city's organism. The overgrown village, destroyed by fire in 1871, therefore, took on similar condi- tions when rebuilt ; for, what was the use ? By many Chicago was not expected to be a home, but merely a place in which to live a place for greater convenience in mak- ing money. Attempts at civic decoration were systematically and successfully com- bated. Lincoln Park and Union Park, the first oases in the great desert of mundane shacks, became possible only after a bitter and well nigh successful antagonism ; while the laying aside of the small units making up the West Park System, the connecting links which later were developed as park- ways, and the large tracts which constitute Washington and Jackson Parks at least were not prompted by a great spirit of civic patriotism in the breasts of the majority. Had it existed and had it been efficiently directed it would have doubtless made ap- plicable the term "Garden City." A new era dawned for Chicago at the time of the World's Fair. For the first time- its people received an inspiration. For the first time they realized fully the value of an artistic arrangement of buildings and grounds as an attraction for new people with their dollars. They realized that civic beauty could be commercialized, a lesson which they might have learned from Paris ; and although their ardor was dampened by the subsequent financial crisis, a seed was sown twenty years ago which has been kept alive, has germinated and is now putting forth the plant which must inevitably bloom and is making of Chicago a good city in which to live. Chicago is like an overgrown farmer girl, still awkward, still with a dirty face, is still uncultured and uncouth and is grow- ing so rapidly that the bare necessities of raiment can hardly be supplied. But a change is being wrought. The girl is fast growing into womanhood and contact with the outside world is bringing forth an in- herent though long latent culture. Chicago has no public buildings entirely worthy of her size and wealth. She has too few (1) Bathing Scene, Standford Park; (2) Beach in Front of German Building; (3) Playground. Sherman Park; (4) Playground, McKinley Park. Henry Fuermann d Sons, Architectural Photographers MAKE CHICAGO ATTRACTIVE Page Eighty-seven bridges of beauty spanning a well kept river and looking out over beautiful river banks. Chicago has little good statuary save a few copies in the Art Institute and possibly one or two exceptions among the motley as- semblage in Lincoln Park. Chicago's streets lack sufficient trees and those which persist among the none to favorable conditions are left largely to care for themselves. Street decorations are in- adequate and the lake shore, Chicago's greatest heritage, is unfortunately not open to view in its entirety. The one completely satisfactory element seems to be the parks, for, although the city is underparked, con- sidering the population, and although the parks are not ideally distributed, and worst of all, are in danger of being lost sight of in the tremendous on-rush of the city's growth, they still stand for the high water mark of Chicago's civic art. It may not be pertinent to dwell on Chicago's park man- agement, on her thirteen distinct park boards, on the duplication and waste, or on the disorganization and extravagance. The people of Chicago are paying dearly for their parks, but they have received a taste which they cannot dispel ; and, although these features cost thrice what they should, the people gladly contribute. For the most part real landscape art has played an unimportant role in Chicago's park development. It is distressing to look back upon the metamorphosis of Chicago's parks ; to see how Lincoln Park has been made a political football for years ; to see how that might-have-been lovely spot has been sluttered and desecrated, rilled with monstrosities, pillaged and plundered ; to see how it defies in its layout all the rules of landscape art. Yet, because of its trees, its beautiful green sward and its magnifi- cent lake, this park is beautiful still. It is sad to think of the evolution of the West Parks. But the city's disgrace there- in was palliated at last when with one su- preme effort money was raised, a good man was secured and the system, rehabilitated from end to end, blossoming out like a rose, almost over night, became one of the crowning examples of landscape art in the west. On the South Side conservativeness, good judgment, and real business management have marked the development of a system of parks which, in many respects, leads the world. First of all a consistent policy was adopted ; a recognized landscape expert was commissioned, and the structural ar- rangement of the entire park system built up so as to develop a contiguity of arrange- ment, making for the highest in landscape and human utility. A system of play- grounds has been developed which has no equal the world over, and aside from the untold benefits which have been wrought by these institutions in the way of cleansing contiguous slum districts they stand as high examples of municipal art in the ar- rangement of their grounds and the design of their buildings. Doubtlessly few Chi- cagoans realize that in these parks to the south and west they have examples of real art that overshadows all other examples in the city and in the middle west. Upon these few people their influence is having its effect, and little by little the work of edu- cation is going on an education which fos- tered and led by a few who can see through the veil of the future will result event- ually in the acceptance of a program such as is already partially set forth in Chicago's plan. This will result in making the Chi- cago of today and yesterday the common- place, ill kept and crude into the Chicago of tomorrow cared for, conserved and loved by her citizens. She will not only be a garden city, but a real and livable city ; one in which home traditions will exist, in which there will be an individuality and an existant spirit of patriotism which will make the Chicago of the future what was true of the Athens of the past. (1) Athletic Field, Hardin Square; (2) Athletic Field, Hamlin Park; (3) Athletic Field, Fuller Park; (4) Athletic Field, Cornell Square. Henry Fuermann & Sons, Architectural Photographer* Chicago Calls BY WM. McJUNKIN T 1HE city that boosts the most, gets the most. Witness the continual boosting of New York City by residents of that great metropolis. Citizens of New York, newspapers, mag- azines, the stage, all contribute to putting forward for popular consumption the best and greatest feature of life in that city. What is the result? New York City en- tertains a host of transient visitors who daily spent an estimated and this is a conservative figure an estimated total of $1,000,000. These visitors are in New York the year around 365 days. That means they spend the enormous total of $365,000,000 annually to the increased prosperity of Manhattan merchants, hotels and other enterprises. Across the continent we have Los An- geles, a city of wonderful natural attrac- tions, but with such a dearth of industrial activity that the local merchants depend upon the lavish expenditures of the travel- ing public to keep them going. And they are kept going because California, boosted always, continues to attract vast hosts of Eastern and Middle Western people. Now I do not deny the greatness of New York nor the climatic appeal of California, but I do think that Chicago is entitled to the same transient revenue that the previ- ously mentioned cities enjoy. Eastern trav- elers en route to the West and Western travelers en route to New York pass in and out of Chicago as quickly as they can make train connections. The reason is they do not know what we have to offer them in the way of recreation, residence and invest- ment. Western buyers go to New York to buy their spring and fall lines and on the re- turn trip they stop in Chicago to pick up some small tag-ends that they did not get in the East. What we should try and make them do is to stop off here on their way East not after they have made their pur- chases. Newspapers of the Eastern cities are eager to print stories of violence happening in Chicago, while stories of a constructive nature are not used. The readers of this article will be able to recall in their own experience how often they have been in other cities and have scanned local news- papers in vain for news about Chicago. The human mind is prone to accept the sensational and the Eastern newspapers have certainly given our city plenty of sen- sational headlines and a large percentage of the Eastern traveling public has been accordingly misled as to Chicago. It was a realization of this situation that prompted me, after a consultation with other boosters, to prepare a plan to Boost Chicago first from coast to coast. FACTS ABOUT CHICAGO. In our familiarity with those things for which Chicago stands, we ourselves some- times overlook the greatness in which we share. This was brought home to me re- cently in a very striking manenr. I was returning from New York and in the club- car happened to "listen in" on an argument between another Chicagoan and a New Yorker over Chicago's vessel tonnage. As though recognizing a kindred spirit, the Chicagoan turned to me, almost in des- peration, and said, "I would give anything to know what Chicago's vessel tonnage is, so I might convince this New Yorker that there can be such a thing as an important inland port." Having been studying up on the subject, I replied, "About 1 1 ,000,000 tons annually." Thus reinforced, the Chicagoan returned to the attack and the New Yorker admitted his ignorance with the suggestion that "Chi- cago ought to get busy and talk about her- Page Ninety MAKE CHICAGO ATTRACTIVE self, for the whole country has got her wrong." We are inclined to overlook our own city and get posted on the other fellow's town. Therefore, as a matter of information, it is well known that : Chicago is the second city in America and the fifth city in the world. Chicago is the nation's greatest big city summer resort. Chicago is the center of American indus- tries, having in its manufacturing zone 11,- ooo factories with an output of more than four billion dollars last year. Chicago is the world's livestock, grain and lumber market. Chicago leads in the distribution of dry goods, general merchandise, foodstuffs, ma- chinery, jewelry, pianos, wearing apparel, automobiles and household requisites. Chicago is the financial center of the West and is in a position to lead the partic- ipation of the Mississippi Valley in Pan- American trade. Chicago is the world's foremost railroad terminus, its rail system comprising more than one-third of the belt line mileage in the United States, giving a train-a-minute service. Chicago has a water front of thirty miles and an annual vessel tonnage of 11,000,000 tons. Chicago's Municipal Pier extending 3,000 feet out into Lake Michigan and cost- ing $3,400,000 is unequaled in this country. This great pier, municipally owned and op- erated, is an indication of Chicago's pre- paredness to handle the volume of traffic which will follow the completion of the Lakes-to-the-Gulf waterway. Chicago has 473,141 families, or more than the cities of Cleveland, Detroit, Mil- waukee, St. Paul, Omaha, Portland and Seattle combined. Chicago is the healthiest large city in the world. It is the best policed, size of depart- ment considered ; best protected against fire and disaster because of fire prevention methods, which have attained a higher de- gree of efficiency here than in any other city in the country, perhaps in the world. Chicago is the nation's logical convention city because of its central location and am- ple hotel and housing accommodations. Chicago will soon have an immense stad- ium on the lake front to house conventions, ceremonies, and outdoor festivities, this now being actively under way through the activities of the Chicago Boosters. Thus prepared and fortified, Chicago comes to her hour of greatest opportunity. Her wondrous record of past achievements must serve now as an impetus to still greater triumph. As America is to the world, so is Chicago to the nation. In the national scheme of things Chicago must be a thinker, a worker, a builder. Wherever men of af- fairs gather Chicago's name should be in- stantly recognized as a synonym for energy and action. Chicago must be made a place of conspicuous opportunity. In Chicago's "I WILL" is an ever-living inspiration to turn our plans into practice. In those two wonderful words there is em- bodied a standard of honesty, courage, fair play and ambition, that need only proper exploitation to make Chicago permanently attractive to the people of the entire coun- try. It is my belief that a sum of at least $250,- ooo a year for a period of four years, mak- ing $1,000,000 in all, should be invested in advertising and merchandising the city of Chicago. I mention four years because we must figure on the cumulative effect of this advertising. Thus within these four years, like a snowball rolling down hill, getting bigger and bigger on the way, so will this new opinion of Chicago become an increas- ingly bigger thought in the national mind. It is the constant reiteration that gives advertising its power to drive home a mes- sage in the public mind and create a lasting MAKE CHICAGO ATTRACTIVE Page Ninety-one WILLIAM McJUNKIN good-will. That is what we aim to accom- plish, and will. The cause is such a democratic one that it should be financed with equal democracy. Every man in business in Chicago, large or small, should be given an opportunity to share in the glory of this tremendous civic endeavor. When we consider what transient visitors mean to New York merchants we should back this plan with determination. Statis- tics show that New York merchants, ho- tels, etc., benefit from a $1,000,000 a day expenditure by that city's visitors. Just think, that goes on every day of the year $365,000,000 from visitors alone. Chicago's location, Lake Michigan, the known health of our city, and the fact that you can go anywhere "via Chicago" make it logical that crowds flock here if the peo- ple of the country are told we want them and are prepared to entertain them. It is to that this advertising campaign will be dedicated and if we all get into the booster spirit we will accomplish this very important objective and build securely for a GREATER CHICAGO. Recently Mayor Thompson made this statement to me relative to this plan: "I feel that no greater responsibility has come to us as residents of Chicago than to build now for the continued and greater prosperity of our city. If every active force in this city will get back of this movement to boost, our beloved Chicago will be boosted. But we must boost Chicago not each other." What small measure of favorable pub- licity Chicago has received in other cities has been due to our great Chicago Plan, and the active work of the Chicago Plan Commission. More than one hundred and fifty-six American cities in thirty-six states and nearly fifty cities in thirteen foreign countries have secured Plan Commission literature and have given favorable notice to Chicago's effort to become a greater and better city. For that reason I heartily urge every citizen of our city to support the Chi- cago Plan Commission in its great humani- tarian, social and commercial endeavors. North Michigan Avenue Development Courtesy of The American Architect MUCH has been written of the public good that can be accomplished by the architectural profession in all communities through its alliance with and influence on the larger measures for civic development and improvement, especially as relating to streets and buildings. It is recognized that the greatest opportunity exists where a City Plan has been deter- mined upon and provision made for its execution. The Plan of Chicago, which owes so much to the genius and public spirit of the late D. H. Burnham, has, in its first great step its development qf North Mich- igan Avenue presented such an opportun- ity to Chicago architects, and they have promptly and generously responded to its call. Early in the previous year the North Central Business District Association (the name of which has since been shortened to North Central Association), an organiza- tion comprising the principal property owners of the section most affected by this extension, acting with the approval of the Chicago Plan Commission, invited a num- ber of architects to meet with a committee of its organization with a view to enlisting their interest in a predetermination, so far as possible, of the architectural treatment most desirable as a means of establishing the character of this most important link between the downtown "loop" section and the foremost residential district of Chicago. This resulted in the formation of a commit- tee consisting of some of the leading Chi- cago architects and studies of the subject are illustrated in this number, as delineated by A. Rebori and Vernon Howe Bailey, with the exception of a sketch by Holabird and Roche, which is reproduced directly from the original. The architects of this committee agreed to apply their services to the proposed undertaking without charge, the property owners making themselves responsible for expenses incurred, and a work went for- ward which promises to be of far-reaching influence upon the architectural future of Chicago, and, indirectly, on that of other cities which may profit by its experience. This work of the Architects' Committee may appropriately be termed an experi- ment in architectural eugenics, since it is an effort to influence the architectural char- acter of the street before its birth; or at least before its re-birth as a boulevard. It is to be understood also that this is in- tended to have a very definite relation to the character of occupancy of the future build- ings fronting on this street. By combining standards of architectural treatment with restrictions as to the kinds of business for which the buildings may be used, the own- ers of the extremely valuable frontage on this street hope permanently to maintain its position as a "quality street," preserving it from the deterioration or demoralization that often overtakes some downtown sec- tions in rapidly growing American cities. To this end a voluntary agreement of binding character has been entered into by a considerable majority of the property owners, to which the remainder are ex- pected to subscribe shortly, providing such restrictions as will affectively limit the oc- cupancy and uses of the buildings to such businesses as will enhance rather than in any way jeopardize the street's possibilities as a location for high-grade shops, hotels, theaters, offices buildings and other digni- fied business purposes. The importance and value of the North Michigan Avenue development, sometimes referred to as the Boulevard Link, is ap- parent to anyone acquainted with Chicago streets. From Twelfth Street on the south MAKE CHICAGO ATTRACTIVE Page Ninety-three LOOKING NORTH FROM BRIDGE SHOWING MONUMENTAL ARCH TREATMENT Drawing &y A. N. Rebori to Randolph Street on the north, Michi- gan Avenue is 130 feet wide. From Ran- dolph to the river, which was its northern terminus, it was only 66 feet wide. It has now been widened to 130 feet. Beyond the river, swinging a little to the east, it fol- lows what formerly was Pine Street, which has been widened to 141 feet. The river will be crossed by a double-deck bridge, now under construction, the upper level for light traffic and the lower for heavy. The inclined approaches to the upper level of the bridge will clear the cross streets adja- cent to the river on both sides, and also the railroad tracks on the north, permitting east and west traffic to go through underneath without crossing the light vehicle roadway. Thus is provided a broad and unbroken thoroughfare between downtown Michigan Avenue and Lake Shore Drive to relieve the intense and constantly increasing con- gestion which has existed north of Ran- dolph Street with its focal point at the old Rush Street bridge, which has furnished its only passage across the river. The contri- bution of the Architects' Committee toward the prospective development, in beauty and character, of this notable street, and of its relation to the City Plan, is a work which must inevitably redound to the credit of the profession and stand as a worthy example of its public spirit. I -Vd.eral J&ngraving i i jrt olortype %*o. kX J A complete engraving plant fully equipped for intelli- gent service and the finest production of color plates, half-tones and line cuts. BOOK OF CHICAGO AD VERTISING SECTION SCOTT JORDAN Pres. and Treas. ESTABLISHED 1854 CADY M. JORDAN Vice-Pres. and Secretary WILMOT WHITAKER Assistant Sec'y C. H. JORDAN & CO. Funeral Directors Complete Line of Funeral Furnishings 164 N. Michigan Blvd., Chicago Phones Randolph 1346-1347 Chapel at Each Establishment 1522 E. 53rd St., Hyde Park Phone Hyde Park 132 612 Davis St., Evanston, 111. Phone Evanston 449 Western Undertaking Co, 177 No. Michigan Boulevard CENTRAL 368 The spacious, modern parlors of the Western Undertaking Co. are for the convenience of their patrons. It is an added charm to the new boulevard link of the city. BOOK OF CHICAGO ADVERTISING SECTION Akron Tire and Vulcanizing Co. 932-942 Jackson Blvd., Corner Sangamon St. Chicago Truck & Pneumatic PMC*** 1102 r _ v . Phone 4 Monroe 1101 1 IfpC I Monroe 6043 WE DO DRY CLEANING Most Modern Fire-Proof Sanitary Laundry in America Lake View Laundry Our Motto SLOW and CAREFUL 3018-20 No. Clark St., CHICAGO Telephone Lake View 289 Federal Fire Proof Storage Company Warehouse A Warehouse B 1230-1232 North Clark Street 871-873 North State Street REMOVALS PACKING SHIPPING 1230-1232 NORTH CLARK STREET, CHICAGO ALL TELEPHONES SUPERIOR 9300 ANNOUNCEMENT The completion of our new seven story Fireproof Warehouse enables us to offer to the public 30,000 additional square feet of storage space. INQUIRIES .SOLICITED. BOOK OF CHIC AGO ADVERTISING SECTION Are you one of the 200,000 people looking through our glasses? *Borsch&Compant/ OPTICIANS OPTOMETRISTS 118 South Dearborn Street THE GREENDUCK COMPANY PHONE SEELEY 2646 MASTERCRAFTERS IN METAL VAN BUREN STREET AND HOYNE AVE., CHICAGO The best remedy for all stomach disorders TRINER'S AMERICAN ELIXIR OF BITTER WINE Very palatable and highly efficient in case of indigestion, constipation, headaches, etc. A t your druggist's. JOSEPH TRINER COMPANY, 1333-1343 South Ashland Avenue Oriental Service and Decoration The Crowd Goes to HUNG FONG LO CO. Enjoy a Good Time, Good Eating, Drinking and Music. CHOP SUEY A SPECIALTY. Open Day and Night. Music by High Class Orchestra. After Theatre and Dinner Parties Cal^inlrphone'waLTsh 552! N. W. Cor. State and Van Buren Streets RESTAURANT BOOK OF CHICAGO ADVERTISING SECTION iNiiiimiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiimiimiuiiiiiiniiiniuiiiiiiiiiiiHiiiiiiiiiiiuiiM iiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiimiimiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiii^ f II = s I |,,,,,,,,,,,,,,.,.,.,Mn,,,.,.u..M,.,..,.,.,,,i..u,un,,, .,,.,....,.. "'"""TELEPHONE SEELEY 4023 " ' ' """'"""""" " '" 1 THE RAINES COMPANY Blast Heating and Ventilating i 1 I |1 1929 TO 1937 W. LAKE STREET CHICAGO niniinnmnmimmiiniMniiiiiiiinMiiiiiiHiiiiiiiiiiiiN | aiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiimiiiiiiiiiiw James A. Sackley Co. | STREET PAVEMENTS II (j Chamber of Commerce ii Telephone Main 3862 CHICAGO If Long Distance Phones Calumet j jy^g Hornthal & Company Manufacturers of Undertakers' Supplies 1333 to 1341 Wabash Avenue CHICAGO BOOK OF CHICAGO ADVERTISING SECTION Kenneth M. Brad.ey" Pres. tnd Director _ fc r. .s I Bush Conservatory CHICAGO Edgar Nelson Vice-Pres. E. H. Sehwenker Secy An Institution of National Prominence in Opera JLJ* f T CL f** Expression Dancing 1 VI \*J O M. \^ Languages Faculty of more than Sixty inciuaes such great artists as Charles W. Clark Richard Czerwonky Moses Boguslawski Uuftaf Holmquist Edgar A. Nelson John J. Blackmorc Herbert Miller Mme. Louise Dotti Edgar Brazelton ONLY CONSERVATORY IN CHICAGO OCCUPYING ITS OWN BUILDING AND MAINTAINING STUDENT DORMITORIES For Illustrated catalog, address T. C. JONES, 839 No. Dearborn St. Phones: Superior 8700, 8701, 8702 American Conservatory of Music Chicago's foremost School of Music FOUNDED 1886 The American Conservatory is universally recognized as aschool of the highest stand- ards, and is one of the largest musical institutions in the country. Ninety artist- instructors, many of international repu- tation. SCHOOL OF EXPRESSION and Dramatic Art Superior Normal Training School, supplies Teachers for Colleges Pupils prepared for LYCEUM and CHAUTAUQUA engagements Modern Courses are offered in Piano, Voice, Violin, Organ, Violoncello, Orches- tral Instruments, Public School Mu-nc, Harmony, Composition, Physical Culture, Dalcroze, Modern Languages and Dancing. Desirable Dormitory accommodations. Numerous lectures, concerts and recitals throughout the school year. Teachers' Certificates conferred by authority of the State of Illinois. Students' Orchestra. Many free advantages. The Conservatory is located in the heart of Chicago's musical center, in the new, magnificent sixteen-story Kimball Hall Building. For free catalog and general information, address JOHN J. HATTSTAEDT, President. American Conservatory of Music, Kimball Hall Building, Chicago, Illinois BOOK OF CHICAGO ADVERTISING SECTION ATTEND Chicago "Teen Great opportunities opet now -->r young men with technical training. -. Study evenings if employed. High school 1 training not required to enter. Get actual ex- perience here. Faculty of Expert Engineers, Archi- work ID - vc.rci.ue here.'Faculty of Expert Eng tecta and Contractors pe onally dir ARCHITECTURE ENGINEERING OV/L MCMAMCAl-STHUCrVffAt-lKmiCAL Also Special Courses for Builders. New College equipment. We Bdilding; n a positio. ates. State . tant de ich subje Ca " or write or nd fo DAY AND EVENING Chicago Technical College 2721 Michigan Avenue CHICAGO, ILL. CLASSES Convenient Study, ond I'ractict Ho CHICAGO. PREP. NIGHT TXTCTPTTTTnTT? Credits SCHOOL lINblllUlJtL Recognized Earn a Salary; Finish High School at Night FASTEST GROWING PREPARATORY SCHOOL IN CHICAGO A school for mature, ambitious young men and young women who can work their way thru and prepare quickly yet thoroly, for College or University for the Depts of Law, Medicine, Dentistry, Pharmacy, Engineering, Commerce, Teaching; for Civil Service, for C. P. A., for Nurses for Military. Entire Teaching Staff University M. A. Men 31 West Lake Street Central 3488 CHICAGO LAW 23 Years Record with 2,000 Graduates Day and Night High School College and Law Classes One Subject at a Time SCHOOL Practice 3 Years COLLEGE EXTENSION COURSES lead to Ph. B., Ph. D., D. C. L. CHICAGO SCHOOL OF DIPLOMACY (Dept. Chicago Law School) Dean, B. Singer, LL. D. Foremost Statesmen, Lawyers, Bankers, Ambassadors, Consuls, Speakers and Writers of national and international standing are instructors and lecturers. Preparing for positions in Central and South American States and Europe, 1 to 3 years. Courses in Foreign Trade, Finance, International Law for Agents, Secretaries, Consuls, Diplomats SALARIES FROM $3,000 TO $12,000 For Law and Diplomacy Catalogs address Chancellor 3. 3. Tobias, 53 W. Jackson Blvd. Tel. Wabash 5593. MAYO COLLEGE OF COMMERCE OPEN TO MEN AND WOMEN DAY AND EVENING CLASSES TRAINING FOR Accounting, Advertising, Marketing, Salesmanship, Traffic Magt., Insurance and Real Estate, Foreign Trade, Business Magt., Consular Service, Secretarial Work, Public Speaking, Journalism, Banking. For descriptive catalog, write, nhone (Central 1644) or call NOW Mayo College of Commerce 1 102 Lake View Building 1 16 S. Michigan Avenue CHICAGO Columbia College of Expression Founded 1890 Day and Evening Sessions Evening classes conducted by regular members of the college faculty. A college which appeals to women and men who are looking for thorough instruction and an atmosphere of refinement and culture. Students are prepared to teach Public Speaking, Vocal Expression, Voice Development, Drama, Story Telling. Platform Reading and allied subjects in High Schools, Private Schools, Col- leges, Universities and Normal Schools. The work is fully accredited by the Illinois State Examining Board, and by the Chicago Board of Education. , The demand for graduates to fill teaching posi- tions is greater than we can supply. Two dormitories are maintained. Columbia Normal School of Physical Education Two-year course. Thorough, theoretical and practical training prepares for positions as Physical Directors and teachers of various branches of Physical Education. Our graduates are now employed in Recreation Centers, Young Women's Christian Associa- tions, Public Schools, Private Schools. Univers- ities. Colleges, Normal Schools and in Recon- struction Work. ADDRESS Columbia College of Expression 3358 Michigan Avenue Phone Douglas 400 Chicago School of Expression and Dramatic Art Incorporated LETITIA KEMPSTER BARNUM President THE Chicago School of Expression and Dramatic Art was established to give the well rounded training by means of which alone true success may be acheived. Its courses of study are soundly practical; its faculty is composed of artists; its aim is to develop the highest expression of the individual and to combine a broad cultural education with the more definite dramatic studies. Fine Arts Building Suite 633 ' 410 South Michigan Avenue Telephone Harrison 5965 Chicago BOOK OF CHIC AGO ADVERTISING SECTION IDA C. SOMMER'S Novelty, Art and Gift Shop Chicago's Most Famous Art and Gift Shop 3639 FULLERTON AVENUE CHICAGO, ILL. Let us make up your gifts We have original designs of encrusted, etched, gold dinner sets, vases, fruit bowls, etc., and guar- antee that the gold on any of our work will not wear off. We also have a large variety of freehand water color pictures and hand decorated cards for every occasion from birth until death. In our Women's Exchange Department we have a large assortment of hand embroidered and crochet work, lingerie and novelties of all descriptions. Compliments of JAMES S. KIRK & CO, MANUFACTURERS OF KIRK'S FLAKE WHITE soap AMERICAN FAMILY soap JAP ROSE soap Republic Trucks Over 60,000 Satisfied Users Republic Truck Company 753 West Jackson Bcul. II PLUMBING FIXTURES A complete line of high grade Closets, Flushing Valves, Uri- nals, Drinking Fountains, Liq- uid Soap Fixtures, etc., for all public buildings. Complete Catalog on Request. THE IMPERIAL BRASS MFG. CO., 1200 W. Harrison St., Chicago BOOK OF CHICAGO ADVERTISING SECTION Jhe Photo Retouching and Grouping also the 3 Color Outside Cover for this Book executed, by Boecklen Brothers Who specialize in the production Boecklen Brothers 538 S.CUrKSt. Phone Wabash 23O5 Chica0o.ni. F. G. Hartwell Co. Coal and Coke Peoples Gas Building Chicago Telephone Harrison 1900 Private Wires to Yards Main Factory: 25 W. MADISON ST. CHICAGO Factories : CHICAGO AND OTHER CITIES The J. F. Rowley Company INCOBPOKATED Manufacturers of THE ROWLEY ARTIFICIAL LEG Phone Central 5191 ROOM 505, MCVICKER'S THEATRE BLDG. CHICAGO A. T. Willett Company Established 1868 Operating Three Hundred Teams and Motor Trucks CHICAGO'S BEST TEAMING SERVICE DESIGNER OF Distinctive Frocks and Gowns Announces the showing of a Wonderful Collection of New Paris Models These will be presented together with An Unusually Interesting Collection of Their Own Designs E. MUSHINA LADIES TAILORING AND DRESSMAKING 1348 East 47th Street Between Lake and Kenwood Aves. Continental Auto Supply Co. 737-739 Jackson Boulevard Phone Haymarket S020 C. H. BOYER, Ptes. CHICAGO BOOK OP CHICAGO ADVERTISING SECTION T MANDARIN ChinF.Foin JNN Prop - This Beautiful Chinese and American Restaurant is the most popular of its kind in the world. It is noted for its delicious cooking and good service. Special Musical Program ALEXANDER KAMINSKY Formerly Imperial Russian Violinist Harry Grant, Cellist Anna Kaminsky, Child Pianist Carlton H. Bullis, Concert Organist PERFECT VENTILATION BANQUETS AND DINNER PARTIES ARRANGED ON SHORT NOTICE 426-428 SOUTH WABASH AVENUE CHICAGO GOLDEN PHEASANT INN Chinese and American Restaurant N. E. Car. Madison & Clark Sts. Phone Randolph 4111 CHICAGO The Biggest Chinese and American Restaurant in Chicago CHIROPRACTIC The Better Way to Health Chiropractor at Work F. H. SEUBOLD, D. C., Ph. C. 1331 Stevens Building Hours 12 M. to 6 P. M. Phone Central 1722 Lady Attendant Note If sick, investigate the merits of Chiropractic BOOK OF CHICAGO ADVERTISING SECTION lllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllilllllllllllllllllllllllllll Lincoln Hand Laundry 5435 Broadway Chicago The Wonderful Chinese Restaurant, Moy Wah June. M a n a 4 r 57 WEST RANDOLPH STREET, CHICAGO, ILL. An American and Chinese Restaurant, Serving Both Kinds of Dishes The most magnificent oriental restaurant ever built in the world costing $125,000. Its splendor is amazing. A Chinese Theatre is only one of the many features to be seen. Visit it and be pleased and surprised. TABLES CAN BE RESERVED BY PHONE OR OTHERWISE Phone Central 6876 First Class Orchestra GREEN MILL GARDENS BROADWAY AND LAWRENCE Tommy Rogers' Novelty Orchestra BOOK OF CHICAGO ADVERTISING SECTION = = 1 1 The Illinois Nurses' Registry and The Illinois Post Graduate and Training School for Nurses Dr. R. G. Schroth fifteen years ago inaugurated a training school for nurses in combination with a registry to supply professional services of the highest order. From this has grown a great dual insti- tution, The Illinois Nurses' Regis- try and the Illinois Post Graduate and Training School for Nurses. From twenty-five to thirty phys- icians of the highest scientific achievements lecture to the classes of the school. The laboratories are the best equipped in the country, giving every opportunity for experimenta- tion and observation. Graduates are equipped to handle compe- tently all classes of private or hospital cases. The Illinois Nurses' Registry directs the professional work of the school's graduates. Special attention to doctors from out of town requiring the services of car. fully trained, efficient nurses ; calls received by telegram, tele- phone or special delivery If Phone Lincoln 2155 544 Garfield Ave., Chicago 1 The Composition Electrotyping Printing Binding and Mailing of the Book Chicago was handled complete by the Western , Newspaper Union : , IN OUR NEW BUILDING Adams, Desplaines and Quincy Sts., Chicago ; \.\ TELEPHONE: t \ f\f\ HAYMARKET O I UU BOOK OF CHICAGO ADVERTISING SECTION OLD ST. MARY'S CHURCH The Catholic Heart of Chicago Historical: First recoided divine worship in Chicago, Father Mar- quette, 1674. First church organization, St. Mary's Catholic church, State and Lake streets, 1833. Present Catholic strength in Chicago, a million and a quarter of people, nine hundred pastors, two hundred and tweny-five churches, two hundred pastors, two hundred and seventy- five colleges, schools, asylums and hospitals. Old St. Mary's, the original church, now serving the business district, was located at Ninth and Wabash after the great fire. In 1903 it was placed in charge of the Paulist Fathers, a missionary organization whose preachers and lecturers evangelize the Middle States and are constantly in demand as speakers and workers in public welfare movements of Chicago. Parish Activities: Instruction of truth seekers drawn to St. Mary's from far and near. Chicago center of the People's Eucharistic League. Special courses of sermons throughout the year. Exceptional music by the Paulist Choristers, accorded front rank among Chicago musical organizations. Paulist Settlement and Playground Association: Kindergarten, domestic science, social and study clubs, music, dancing, dramatics, athletics, conducted by volunteer workers in well equipped settlement house. Paulist Day Nursery: One of the oldest and best in the city, accommodating all applicants. Our Lady of Victory Mission: Rest room and club facilities for men, St. Vincent de Paul Conference visits all needy families in the parish, and gives aid to them as well as to temporarily embarrassed transients. it ii I! BOOK OF CHICAGO ADVERTISING SECTION ACADEMY of OUR LADY BOARDING AND DAY SCHOOL FOR GIRLS Conducted by the School Sisters of Notre Dame (Established in 1875) The course of instruction begins with an element ery training and extends through an academic course well into college work. A specialty of music and art. The buildings are spacious and fitted up in the most modern fashion. Accomodations for 250 students in boarding and day departments. Longwood 95th and Throop Streets, Chicago, Illinois Jl De La Salle Institute 35th Street and Wabash Avenue Chicago I L L I N O I S A SPECIAL SCHOOL to prepare young men for the BUSINESS WORLD Every GRADUATE is placed in a position By means of an EMPLOYMENT DEPARTMENT of the ALUMNI ASSOCI- ATION opportunities for continual advancement are afforded former students. Further information given on application to BROTHER LAWRENCE DAVID siiiiiiiiiimiiHiiimiiiiiiiiiiiiiniiiiiiiiMMiH BOOK OF CHICAGO ADVERTISING SECTION if" iiimmK: .-_- = DE PAUL UNIVERSITY COLLEGE OF ARTS, PHILOSOPHY & SCIENCES COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING COLLEGE OF EDUCATION ACADEMY For information call, telephone or write Registrar, 1010 Webster Avenue, Chicago. Phone Lincoln 7410. CO-EDUCATIONAL. COLLEGE OF LAW COLLEGE OF COMMERCE SPECIAL PREPARATORY DEPARTMENT SHORTHAND SCHOOL For information call, telephone or write Dean, Room 705 Tower Building, 6 N. Michi- gan Ave., Chicago. Phone Randolph 3160. II ,11 Missionary Sisters, Servants of the Holy Ghost A Congregation founded primarily for work in the foreign missions. Holy Ghost Institute, Techny, 111., is the Mother House and Novitiate of the Congrega- tion and House of Study for the young members of the Community. With it connected is a Boarding School for Girls and Young Ladies. For further details in regard to admission into the Congregation address Mother Provincial, Holy Ghost Institute, Techny, III. Our Lady of Providence Academy 3107 W. Van Buren Street CHICAGO, ILLINOIS HIGH SCHOOL FOR GIRLS Conducted by the Sisters of Providence, of Saint Mary- of-the-Woods, Indiana. COURSES Normal and College Preparatory General and Commercial Household Science and Art Training for Library Work Accredited with All the State Educational Institutions Promotional Credits Given CONSERVATORY OF MUSIC Piano, Vocal, Harp, Violin Teachers' Certificate Course Graduate Course Private Lessons in Art Drawing, Water-Colors, Oil China-Painting, Pastel Cafeteria in the School Building Catalogue Given on Application ACADEMY OF ST. SCHOLASTICA 7430 Ridge Avenue CHICAGO A DAY AND BOARDING SCHOOL FOR GIRLS Cour?e of Instruction from Kindergarten through High School. A Specialty in Music and Art Conducted by the Benedictine Sisters Headquarters 35th Street and California Ave. Chicago WE BUY & SELL ALL VARIETIES OF GRASS & FIELD SEEDS SEEDS The Albert Dickinson Co* Branch Offices Minneapolis Detroit Baltimore Boston New York BOOK OF CHICAGO ADVERTISING SECTION American Cocoanut Butter Company, Chicago, Illinois FRANCISCO & JACOBUS ? Engineers and Architects 511 Fifth Avenue. 39 South La Salle Street New York, N. Y. Chicago, Illinois St. Patrick's Commercial Academy UNDER THE DIRECTION OF THE CHRISTIAN BROTHERS This school offers the young men of Chicago a thorough prep- aration in all branches pertaining to Business. It is one of the oldest educational institutions in the West. Established in the early '80s, it numbers its graduates by the thousands. These are in constant demand and as fast as students qualify for graduation positions await them. Every big business house in Chicago knows and appreciates their thorough training. I! Located Corner Desplaines and Adams Sts., Chicago i = BOOK OF CHICAGO ADVERTISING SECTION ?, i VISITATION SCHOOLS The commodious and well-equipped Visitation Schools, situated on Garfield boulevard and Peoria street, have an enrollment of over two thousand children. These schools are conducted by the Sisters of the Order of St. Dominic, Sinsinawa, Wisconsin. Under the supervision of the same Order is Rosary College, to be erected at River Forest. Saint Cyril College CONDUCTED BY The Carmelite Fathers 6413 Dante Avenue CHICAGO TELEPHONES Hyde Park 1418 Midway 8223 Aquinas High School 2100 East 72nd Street Chicago Founded in 1915, is situated in the beau- tiful Bryn Mawr Highlands, in the parish of St. Philip Neri. It stands on Seventy- second street near Merrill ave., and is under the direction of the Sisters of St. Dominic from Adrian, Michigan. The curriculum consists of four courses of study: the Classical course, the Domestic Science course, the Commercial course, and a complete course in instrumental and vocal music, and art. BOOK OF CHICAGO ADVERTISING SECTION SAINT MARY'S HIGH SCHOOL SAINT Mary's High School, founded in 1899, under the direction of the Sisters of Charity of the Blessed Virgin Mary, is a legally incorporated and thoroughly equuipped insti- tution for the higher education ot girls. It is accredited to the Catholic University .Washington, B.C., and to the State University. Owing to the increased number of students, three additions to the original structure have been made. The building includes ^^^ fifteen classrooms, physical and biological laboratories, four com- mercial rooms, auditorium, do- mestic science suite, dining room, music rooms, library and chapel. The various departments are equipped with everything that is necessary for the successful completion of the work which the school professes to teach. The library contains the works of standard authors, encyclopedias, reference books and works for historical research. The auditorium, which is delightfully situated, has a seating capacity of eight hundred. The curriculum offers the following courses of study: General Course; College Preparatory; Normal Preparatory; Household Arts and Science; Commercial and Secre- tarial Courses; Piano, Vocal, Violin, Art and Expression. For the past few years the Loyola Extension Courses have been conducted at the school. This year the fol- lowing courses are offered: History of Education, The Short Story, and Sociology. A large number of Public school teachers of Chicago have availed themselves of this opportunity to receive promotional credits. For further information address NAZARETH ACADEMY Boarding School for Girls Academic Courses prepare for College or Normal en- trance. Grammar and Primary department for little girls. Commercial course of two years. Music Conservatory methods in Piano, Violin and Vocal. Physical Culture, Elocution and Dancing under competent teachers. These Institutions are ideally located within walking distance of each other, thus affording to brothers and sis- ters that home companionship which the young so much miss when separated from the family circle. The students are far removed from the distractions and the other disad- vantages of the large city. The surroundings are ideal and in every way conducive to earnest study and to proper physical development. La Grange is situated on the Burlington R. R., within fourteen miles of Chicago. It can also be reached by the La Grange Interurban surface cars, Douglas elevated or by automobile. Campus 20 acres. For prospectus write to the MOTHER SUPERIOR, Nazareth Academy, La Grange, 111. ST. JOSEPH INSTITUTE Preparatory Boarding School for Boys The Preparatory department consists of all the grades. Careful training, thorough instruction and perfect disci- pline are insisted upon. New fire-proof dormitories and gymnasium have just been added to the building. BOOK OF CHICAGO AD VERTISING SECTION MERCY HOSPITAL (Founded 1850) THE first institution devoted to the treatment of the sick in Chicago was the hospital established in 1850 bv the Sisters of Mercy on the south side lake front. From an insignificant beginning- it kept pace with the giant strides of our wonderful city, until now the magnificent group of buildings and its beautiful grounds constitute a veritable palace for the sick. The hospital is first class in all its appointments, and strictly modern in all its methods. The best medical and surgical staff of doctors in the Northwest, and a large staff of trained nurses minister to the needs of the sick and injured. The present site of the institution is bounded by Calumet Avenue, Twendy-sixth Street and Prairie Aoenue. HOSPITAL, OF . Untfjonp be Marshall Boulevard and West 19th Street CHICAGO Founded in 1898 and is conducted by the Franciscan Sisters of the Sacred Heart. It is ideally located at Nineteenth St. and Marshal 1 . Boulevard, fronting as it does on beautiful Douglas Park. Sister M. Monica is superior of the institution. About 3,000 patients are treat- ed yearly Rev. Anthony Nousa, O. S. B., is chaplain. The hospital is open to all physicians and surgeons of good standing, and no difference is made in the admission of patients and their treatment. |jlll!lllllllllllllllllllllllllllll!!linilin!ll!nil!inilllllll nillllllllllllllllllllllllllIllinil!ini!HI5 The Marywood School for Girls Browning, King&Company 133 South State Street Established in Chicago 45 Years Clothing, Furnishings and Hats Reasonable Prices Dependable Merchandise Conducted by Sisters of Providence of Saint Mary-of-the-Woods BOARDING and DAY SCHOOL 2128 Ridge Avenue EVANSTON, ILLINOIS i = .iiinninHiniiinniNniniiiiiiiiiiiiiniiiniiinniiiiiinnininniiiiniiiiiinnKiiiiiiiiiiniiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiNniiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiii-- BOOK OF CHICAGO ADVERTISING SECTION ST. BERNARD'S HOSPITAL Founded in 1905 Conducted by the Religious Hospital- lers of St. Joseph. Elegantly equipped. It has a capacity of 200 patients. Its location is central, being situated at ST. FRANCIS HOSPITAL 355-365 Ridge Bould., Evanston, Illinois Within easy reach of Elevated (Howard and Calvary Stations) and Surface Lines (Clark and Western Avenue cars). Conducted by the Sisters of St. Francis (Mother house, Lafayette, Ind). Opened 1900 in the old Kirk residence. The new building, completed in 1910, has an ideal location. Hospital farm. About one hundred beds. Well equ'pped maternity, X-ray and laboratory departments. Resident chaplain. The new St. Francis training school for nurses is accredited by the State of Illinois. Applicants should write to Sister Superior. I Saint Mary of Nazareth Hospital and Training School for Nurses 1120 N. Leavitt Street Chicago Telephone Humboldt 2600 Conducted by the Sisters of the Holy Family of Nazareth. BOOK OF CHICAGO ADVERTISING SECTION ST. ELIZABETH HOSPITAL 1433 CLAREMONT AVENUE, CHICAGO WAS erected in 1886 with the assistance of generous citizens by the lamented Sister M. Polycarpa, who, with her successors in office, and an efficient corps of Sisters, Poor Handmaids of Jesus Christ, were untiring in their efforts to elevate the standard of the Hospital. The corner stone was laid October 17, 1886, by Archbishop Feehan, in the presence of many members of the clergy. The societies of the German parishes took part in the festivities of the day by attending in corpore, accompanied by bands of music. The buildings are kept thoroughly modernized in every respect and provided with all the equipments that contribute to the comfort and convenience of the patients. The present standard of the Hospital is to a great extent due to the devotedness and faithfulness of the honorable Staff. During the year 1918, 4,356 patients were admitted. Many were treated free of charge. The Training School for Nurses opened in 1913, is accredited by the State Board and affiliated with the Loyola University and the Anna Durand Hospital for Contagious Diseases. The Woman's Auxiliary of St. Elizabeth Hospital was organized March 15, 1917. The main object in view is to raise funds for a very much needed new addition to the Hospital. BOOK OF CHIC AGO ADVERTISING SECTION A Finer Typewriter at a Fair Price An extraordi- nary evidence of industrial progress is shown in the present price of typewriters. The identical Oliver that formerly sold for $100 can now be had for $57. Economical sales meth- ods have reduced the price nearly one-half without affecting the quality. The Oliver Typewriter Company, Chicago