iilliiliiiliil LI b RAFLY OF THE U N IVER.5ITY or ILLINOIS 016.7114 C73e no. 1-20 CITY PIANNING A;J0 LANDSCAPE ACCHITECIL'RE Digitized by the Internet Arciiive in 2010 witii funding from University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign http://www.archive.org/details/selectedurbandes08slip C 7 >'«=• Committee of Planning Librarians EXCFL'.NGE BIBLIOGH'IPHT S University of California List no. h December 1958 SELECTED URB^iN DESIGN PROJECTS SINCE V.'ORLD WaR II ■»• Walter J. Slipe, graduate, Department of City and Regional Planning, University of California This bibliography forms the second chapter of the author' s thesis. It is a selection of references to fully-developed, large-scale projects proposed since ftorld War II in the United States. Two critieria are used by the author in making his selection: the size of the site is generally greater than ten acres and the design includes a grouping of several buildings in the development. The author believes that the reorganization project, which does not entail completely clearing a developed site, is the most significant of all the large-scale design pro- jects which have developed since World War II, and he discusses this in subsequent chapters. The thesis itself is arranged in four parts: (1) the devel- opment of large-scale project designs; (2) selected large-scale project designs from 19U5 through 1957 — the section here repro- duced j (3) the analysis of the reorganization project j and (h) its function, "The initial chapter is intended to illustrate the historic background and the setting of current large-scale design which is part of the pattern of development in both architecture and city planning in the United States. Then the review of selected examples of post-^ar activity shoTJs the extent to which this kind of urban design has been executed and proposed in this country." Here the author has limited himself to the current architectural press, chiefly the Forum and Progressive architec- ture. "The third section on analysis takes two important exanples of the reorganization design project" — Kahn's Mil Creek, Phila- delphia, plan and Gruen' s Fort i»orth plan — "and attempts to explore the essential elements in this particular type of activity. The concluding chapter suggests the place reorganization design projects occupy in the ordering of the physical environment and indicates the likely impact of the needs of our increasingly urban population." (p. vii) From the author's thesis entitled, "/.n /jialysis of Selected Urban Design Projects Since '/i/orld t/ar II", submitted in partial satis- faction of the requirements for the degree of Master of City Planning, University of California, June, 1958, 73 leaves. actjj. ■o; ., ,.:" ,,;,,.' '0 i: j.> , v-« •• f» ■T':'^'* Hl '^'- CPL Exchange Bibliography 8 \» NEW TOWNS The design of new comm-un.ities is the only sectipn of this review which Includes projects outside the United States. This has been done because American iesigners like Clarence Stein, and Mayer & Whittlesey have undertaken work abroad, U-so, new town bailding in this country itself is very limited. 1» Brasilia, Brazil The winning design by LucJo Costa in the 195? competition for a pilot plan for a new federal capital in the state of Ooyas. The plan is based on the crossing of two major axes. The site for a future population of a half million is thirty-seven thousand five hundred acresc "Bridgeheed to 'Brazilia' /• Pro^. Arch ., XXXVIII (Apr., 1957), pp. 136-138. "Brazil Has Plan for New Capital," Prog. Arch ., XXXVIII (May, 19^7), p. 100. "To House Erazilian Congress," Prog. Arch ., XXXVIII (Oct., 19^7), p. 9^, William Holford, "Brasilia," i^rch. Review , 122 (Dec, 1957), pp. 39ii-li02. 2. Chandigarh, India Plan for the neiT capital covering fourteen square miles in East Punjab. The design is based on a rectan.gular grid of heavy traffic roads enclosing self-contained "sectors" vrlth populations ranging from five to fifteen thousand. The entire community is planned for an initial population of one hundred and fifty thousand. Architects: Le Corbusier, Pierre Jeanneret, Max"rell Fry and Jane Drew. "mat Corbu Has Been Up To," Arch. Forum , 99 (Sept., 1953), pp. lU2-lU9. George Sanderson, "Chandigarh A Progress Report," Prog. Arch., XXXVIII (Mar., 1956), pp. 130-137. "Corbu In India," Arch. Forum , 106 (Apr., 1957), pp. Ili2-lli7. 3. Don Mills, Canada Plan for a new satellite city, seven miles from downtoxvn Toixmto. The community is to have a broad industrial base and a variety of housing types. Its projected population for I960 is thirty-five to forty" thousand. A firm of real estate developers is building the ne^.^ town: Don Mils Developments, Ltd. "Business Builds a City," Arch. Forum, 100 (June, 19Sh) , pp. 1U6-151. j Peter and Cornelia Oberlander, "Critique: Canada's New Towns," Prog. Arch.. ! XXXVII (Apr., 1956), pp. 113-119. ' ' CPL Exchange Bibliography 8 h» Kitimat, British Columbia, Canada Development of a new to^vn by the Alruniniiim Company of Canada for an ultimate population of fifty thousand. At the core is a City Center and business district surrounded bjr planned neighbor+ioods. There is also a town service center of about ninety acres and a heavy industrial district. Coordinator and Director of Planning: Clarence S. Steinj Architects and Town Planners; Mayer &. Tflhittlesey. "Industry Builds Kitiriat," Arch. Forum , 101 (July, 19?U), pp. 128-11^7; 101 (Aug., 195U), pp. 120-127 J 101 (Oct., l9Sh)t pp. 158-161. Peter and Cornelia Oberlander, "Critique* Canada's New Towns," Prog, /rch ., XXXVII (Apr., 19^6), pp. 113-119. 5> Levittown, Ng? York and Levittown, Pennsylvania Large-scale dormitory communities utilizing the mass produced house. The New Yoik development is planned for a population of thirty-two thousand^ the one in Pennsylvania for sixty thousand. Developers: Levitt & Sons. "h,000 Houses Per Year," Arch. Fpr um, 90 (Apr., 19U9), pp. 8U-93. "New Towns 1 Industry'xs Move to Uncongested Land," Arch. Forum , 95 (Nov., 1951), pp. 136-1U3. 6. Oak Ridge, Tennessee The United States government built a temporary community in 19h2 to house three thousand families. In 19ii6 the /tomic Energy Commission developed a master plan for a permanent city with an eventual population of fifty thousand peoplee Architectss Skidraore, Oivings & Merrill. "Atom City," Archo Forum, 83 (Oct., 19it5), pp. 102-116. David S. Gear, "Oak Ridge j A World War II New Ta?.rn," Journal of ALI t XV (Jan,, 1951), pp. 16-20. "/imerica's No. 1 Defense Community," Prog. Arch ., XXXII (June, 1951)* pp. 63-8U. 7. Park Forest, Illinois Plan for a new city of thirty thousand people, twenty-seven miles south of Chicago. Planned neighborhoods include homes, rental housing and community facilities. Four hundred and seventy-five acres have been set aside for industrial development. Developers: /jnerican Community Buildersj Planning Consultant: Elbert Peets; Architects: Loebl, .lichlossman & Bennett. "Chicago Satellite Town," A rch. Foru m, 85 (Dec, 19U6), pp. llx, 18, "American Community Builders," Arch. Forum , 89 (Aug., 19li8), pp. 70-7U» "Park Forest, Illinois," Arch. Record , 109 (May, 1951), pp. 9U-110. "Park Forest Moves Into »52," House"7nd Home , (Mar., 1952), pp. llii-121, CPL Exchange Bibliography 8 CIVIC CENTERS This section encompasses public complexes of building in the form of government ["fices^ cultural facilities and monuments. 1« Baltimore, Maryland Site location study of the inner harbor area and proposed scheme for a small maritime museum, high-rise apartments, coliseum and auditoriumo Architects: Pietro Belluschi. "Harbor Site is Favored for Baltimore Civic Center," Arch, Forum, 106 (Apr,, 1957), p«7. 2, BroTwnsville, Texas Development of the Fort Brown Memorial Center ^diich includes a town hall, youth center and auditoriuma Architects: Wiltshire & Fisher. "Six-in-One Civic Center," Arch, Forum , 101 (Aug., 1951i), pp. lliii-lli?, 3* Charlotte, North Carolina Civic Center consisting of a complex of coliseum, auditorium and exhibition hall buildingSo A bridge joins the coliseum with an adjacent two thousand car parking site. Architects: ;, G, Odell, Jr. & Associates. "Structural Forms Keynote Civic Center," Arch, Rec ord, 112 (Dec, 1952), pp. 121-125a km Chicago, Illinois Scheme for a civic center near the Chicago downtown, just outside the loop. The plan includes the grouping of federal, state, city and county office buildings on an elevated plaza. At street level are shopping and service facilities. Designers: Chicago City Planning Commission, Nathaniel Owings, John Root, "Chicago Civic Center," Arch. Forum , 90 (May, 19ii9), pp. 93-95. 5. Cincinnati, Ohio j Proposal for an eight block civic center on an elevated landscaped mall ■ standing two or three stories above street level. Underground parking facilities for eight thousand cars are provided. "Cincinnati Studies Plans for 8-Elock Civic Center," Arch Forum, 105 (Oct., 1956), p. 13. ' V,^^•l:^5c iXJ/tl as,airtT>xa J^l'J CPL Exchange Bibliography 8 6» Cleveland J Ohio Plan for a "Mall Center" above railroad lands to enlarge the present public auditorium facilities. The development includes a ner/v convention hall, parking garage, hotel, thirty-four story office building, shops, restau- rants and a science-industry center. Architect: R, Franklin Outcalt. "Mayor, Council Unite on Cleveland Civic Center Plan," Arch Forum , 107 (Sept., 1957), pp. 7, 9. Dallas, Texas Civic development with a three-story domed arena attached by a glass enclosed concourse to theater and meeting room buildings. "Air Conditioned Civic Center Under Constniction in Dallas," Arch* Forum 103 (Aug., 1955), p. 21. 8. Detroit, Michigan Plan for a civic center on a forty-three acre site a].ong the Detroit River. Government buildings, a veteran's memorial, convention hall, auditoriiua and parking garages are arranged about a central plaza. Architect: Eero Saarinen. "Planning With You," Arch. Foru m, 82 (June, 19U5), PP<> 111-116. "$50 Million Civic Center is Created by the Saarinens for Detroit," Archc Forum , 90 (Apr*, 19U9), pp. 12-13* "Detroit Will," Interiors , CVIII (July, 19^9), p. 18. "Detroit Civic Center "egins to Grcaf," Arch. Record , 109 (Jan., 1951), pp. 100-107. "Banking in Civics," Arch. Forum , 106 (Feb., 1957), pp. 122-125, 9. Lansing, Michigan Plan for a civic center of state office buildings to compliment the capitol. It includes office buildings, supreme court, and museum. Architects: Smith, Hinchman & Grylls. "State Office Center," Arch. Fonun , 86 (Feb., 19U7), PP. 79-87. 10. Madison, liVisconsin Monona Terrace Project proposes extending an apron into Lake Monona to create malls, exhibition facilities, concert hall, and auditorium. An office tower and hotel are located above the development. Architect: Frank Lloyd Wright. "Frank Lloj'-d Wright is Voted Commission by Public to Plan Civic Peninsula for Madison," Arch. Forum . 102 (Apr., 1955), PP. 120-121. *c CPL Exchange Bibliography 8 11 » Mil-vra'ukee, ^^i scons in Plan for a music hall, art center and war memorial in Juneau Park near Lake Michigan. Architects: Eero Saarinenj Maynard ^7. Meyer ?t. Associates, "$S Million War Memorial to Rise in Milwaukee," Arch» Forum: 100 (Jan., 195U), p. 39* "Milwaukee's Living Memorial," Arch. Forum , 10? (Nov., 1957), PP« 90-95. 12 « Nashville, Tennessee Plan for enlarging the state capitol area for new office buildings, library, archives and a park. This governmental development foiros part of a ninety-three acre redevelopment project. Henry S, Churchill, "City Redevelopgient," Arch. Forum , 93 (Dec, 1950), pp. 72-77. "Capitol Redevelopment," Arch. Forum , 97 (July, 1952), p. 55. 13. Phoenix, Arizona Development of a civic center plan -with public library, theater, and other community facilities all connected by covered walks, "rchitects /JLden B. Dow* "Civic Center," Prog. Arch ., XXXV (Aug., 1951), PP. 87-9U. Iht Richmond, California Six city blocks are combined to form a fifteen acre site as a supcrblock with a landscaped plaza in the middle, with four large buildings about it# Architects: Milton and Timothy Pflueger. "First Modem U.S. Civic Center," Arch. Forugi , 9$ (Aug., 1951), pp. 138-lii2. 15. Rochester, Nerr York Plan for combining new city and county facilities with an existing War Memorial .'uditorium to form acivic center. Architects: Voorhees, Walker, Smith & Smith J Faragher & Macomber. "Master Plan for Rochester," Arch. Forum , 105 (Dec, 1956), p. 28. 16. St. LouiSy Missouri The Gateway to the West is an award winning design for a memorial park and national monument on an eighty-eight acre site along the midtown St. ,i .3vG) £9 V ,(v^n ,. :-\) 5<^ ,; CPL Exchange Bibliography 8 Louis rraterfront. The entire area has been cleared, except for three historic buildings -pfhlch are to be part of the scheme. The central feature of the design is a seven hundred foot steel arch. Architect: Eero Saarinen. "Jefferson National Hbroansion Memorial Competition," frch Forum , 88 (Mar., 19U8), pp. lii-18, George Howe, "A 'Lesson from the Jefferson Memorial Competition," Journal of AIA , XV (Mar,, 1951), PP. 116-119. 17» Tulsa, Oklahoma Design for a six-block civic center to include eleven buildings, plazas and underground parking fncilities. The proposal is to close off minor streets and bridf^e over the main east-vrest thoroughfare \Tith a pedestrian level* Designers; The Architectural League. "Architects Promote a Civic Centery" Arch. Forum , lOii (Feb., 1956), pp. 120-126, DOM TOM CENTERS The term downtovm centers is meant to include urban redevelopment schsraes 1 various large-scale private undertakings in the core area of central citios. tiy of the projects combine residential, coEmercisl and cultural facilities in single project. 1. Atlanta, Georgia Plan sponsored by the Central Atlanta 'ssociation for a twenty-one acre commercial center over the dwrntovm railroad yards. The design includes development of office buildings, shops, a hotel, convention hall and department store. "Urban Redevelopment- South," Prog. Arch ., yJTJ (..ug., 195U), p. 12. 2. Boston, Massachusetts a. The Back Bay Center- plan for the development of a twenty-eight acre railroad yard site as a commercial center. The architectural complex includes an underground parking garage for five thousand cars, a railroad ' station ?dth access to the center which includes a shopping center, hotel, forty story office building, tT-o exliibit buildings, three smaller offices. 'A CPL Exchange '^■ibliography 8 bviildings, and a convention hall. Architects: J*ietro Belluschi, The Architects Collaborative, Walter F. Bogner, Carl Koch Sc Associates, Hugh Stubbins, Jr. "A Beehive Office and Domed Convention Hall for Boston," ArchForum, 99 (Sept., 1953), p.ii3. "The Back Bay Center," Arch, Fonun , 99 (Nov., 1953), pp. 103-ll5» "Proposed Back Bay Center Development for Stevens Development Corporation," Prog. Arch ., XXXV (Jan. 19^h)i pp. 73-81;. "Renewing Our Cities: Boston Begins to Stir," Arch. Forum , lOlj. (Feb., 1956), p. 13. b. The Prudential Center- essentially the same design as the Back Bay Center retaining the ring road, central location of the large office building, as well as its relationship to the hotel and convention hall, ivith under- ground parking, landscaped pedestrian plazas and tvalkvrays at the main level. The central feature of the scheme is a fifty story tov/er to house Prudential Life Insurance Company's Nei? England regional headquarters. The plan also incorporates a number of high-rise and low-rise apartment houses. Architects: Hoyle, Doran & Berry. "News Bulletins," Prog. Arch ., :Q3VIII (Mar., 1957), p. 100. "Prudential Plans Hugh Business-Hotel-Housing Center in Boston," Arch » Forum , 106 (Mar., 1957), pp. 7, 9. 3. Chicago, Illinois Fort Dearborn P3X)ject- the core of this one hundred and fifty-one acre development is Fort Dearborn Square with a government center housing local, state and federal agencies, \round the governmental facilities are to be five thousand apartments, a parking area for six thousand cars and a suburban railway station. Architects: Skidraore, Owings & Merrill. "Chicago Devises a Plan to Crack the Slum Collar Around its Loop," Arch Forum , 100 (Apr., 195U), PP. 128-129. "Cities Not for Dying: Redevelopment Boom," Arch. Record j 115 (May, 1951;), pp. 170-177. "Renewing Our Cities: Chicago Mixes Potent Urban Medicine," Arch. Forum , 103 (July, 1955), pp. 12-13, 17. "Two Chicago Civic Projects Move Ahead Several Stages," Arch Forum , l-fl3 (Sept., 1955), p. 13. Skidraore, O'.irings >?c Merrill, The Fo rt Dearborn Project, Chicago, Illinois, 16 pp. It. Dallas, Texas Southland Center Project- plan of the Southland Insurance Company for an office tower, a tvrenty-eight story hotel of the Sheraton Corporation, a smaller structure containing n restaurant, shops and ballroom, exhibition hall, and underground parking for two thousand cars. "Sheraton Hotel Included in Southland Center Project," Arch. Forum , lOU (Feb., 1956), p. 21. GPL Exchange Bibliography,'" 8 5» Denver, Colorado Courthouse Square Project- a Webb £c Knapp development including an eighteen story hotel and convention building, and department store. The plan is linked to the Mile High Center vrlth its office building, bank and restau- rant. Architects I.M. Pei» "Ne?r Thinking on Fenestration and Ground-?loor Use," Arch. Forum, 99 (Sept., 19^3), pp. llU-117. "Denver's Mile High Center," Arch. Forum , 103 (Nov., 1955), pp. 128-137. "Denver's Two-Block Court House Square Project Started," Arch, Forum, loL. (May, 1956), p. 13. ' "A Me?/ Approach to the City," Arch. Forum , 106 (Jan., 195?), pp. lliU-l5l. "Hotel and Store Scheduled for Denver," Prog.. Ar ch., XXXVIII, (Apr., 1957), p. 96. ' 6. Fort "forth, Texas Development of a replanncd central business district which is to maintain basically its established street pattern in the area bounded by the Trinity River, the railways and the froCTrays. The plan proposes: a central business district free of automobile and trucksj strategically located parking garages and terminals accessible from a belt highiiayj and underground truck routes and delivery facilities. Architects: Victor Gruen & ..ssociates. "Tj'pical Do^mtoTO Transformed," Arch. Forum, lOii (May, 1956), pp. Iii6-l55. "Fort Worth Plan Excludes Autos,"- Prog. Arch ., XXXVII (May, 1956), p. 81. Victor Gruen !k Associates, A Greater Fort Worth Tomorrow , Victor Gruen & Associates, 32 pp. ' ~~~ ' — """ 7. Kansas City, i-iinsouri Quality Hill Project- includes five ten story tower apartments, seven single occupancy office buildings, a larger apartment building and a motor- hotel. The plan is vdthin the ring highway being developed around the central business district. Architects; KiTctt & Meyers. "In Kansas City... A Fraraevrork for the Future," Arch. Forum, 103 (Nov., 1955), pp. 158-165. 8. Los AngSles, California a. Bunker Hill Project- is a one hundred and tliirty-six acre site flanked by the Civic Center, the central business district and the freaivay for which is proposed the development of a business, hotel, apartment and cultural -trade- convention center. Architects: Percira & Luckroan. "L A Sets Renerral Examples: Favors 'Clearance' for Large Doivntown Area," Arch. Fonm , 105 (Oct., 1956), pp. 12-13. CPL Exchange Bibliography 8 b. Schine Development- plans of the Schine Hotels corporation for a new hotel combined with seven office buildings in one large center on a twenty- one acre site. "Coast Skyscraper Group," Arch. Fonun , 10? (Aug., 1957), p. 39m 9. New Havenj Connecticut a. Oak Street Project- is a forty-two acre site to be cleared and three high rise apartment buildings with an office building for Southern New England Telephone Con^jany are to be erected. "How to Get Renewal Off Dead Center," Arch. Record , 105 (Oct., 1956), pp. 166-169. b« Church Street Project- is the plan to develop ninety-six acres bordering New Haven's landmark "green" as a center with a large hotel, apart- ments, shopping facilities and parking* "New Haven's Church St. Project Will Give City a Revitalized $85 Million Heart," Arch. Foruma JO? (July, 1957), pp. 7, 9. 10. New York, New York Lincoln Square Cultural Center is a forty-five acre redevelopment project which includes a coliseum and exhibition facilities. The plan includes a ten and a half acre superblock cultural center for the Metropolitan Opera, Philharmonic Symphony, ballet, theater, recital hall and the Julliard School of Music. A seven acre superblock provides a midcity campus for Fordham University's schools of education, law, business and social service. There is also a group of middle income, rental and cooperative apartments for five thousand families with shopping and pairing facilities. "Slum Clearance May Bring Conventions to New York," Arch. Record , II3 (Jan., 1953), p. 20. "New York's Controversial Coliseum is Redesigned," Arch. Forum , 100 (Apr., 195U), pp. U7-U8. "Cities Not for Dying j Redevelopment Boom," Arch. Record , 115 (May, 195U), pp. 170-177. "NY Dedicates Coliseum," Arch. Forum , lOU (June, 1956), p. 21, "Imminent Urban Projects," Interiors , CXVI (Sept., 1956), p. 10. "Five-In-One Circular Theater Building," Arch. Forum , IO6 (Feb., 1957), p. 37. "Lincoln Square j Grandest Redevelopment Project," Arch. Foruin , 107 (Oct., 1957), pp. 12, lU, 16. 11» Philadelphia, Pennsylvania a. Penn Center- is the plan for the development of a thirty acre site Tfith a commercial office center grouped around a sunken pedestrian shopping plaza. There is proposed a new municipal center of three office buildings to 10 CPL Exchange Bibliography 8 replace the present city hall structure; the city hall is to be razed except for its tower landmark with the statue of William Penn on top. An elaborate parking garage and truck terminal complex is to be located on the north of the project to absorb traffic from the new expressway system, "Philadelphia's Hour of Decision," Arch. Forum . 96 (June, 1952), pp. 118- 125» "Redevelopment Plans Aired in Boston, Philadelphia," Arch. Forum . 98 (Feb., 1953), pp. U5, U7. "Bob Dowling Climbs Philadelphia's Chinese Wall," Arch. Forum, 98 (Apr., 1953), pp. II48-I5I. "Cities Not for Dying j Redevelopment Boom," Archo R ecord. 115 (May, 1951i), pp. 170-177. "Philadelphia's Redevelopment- A Progress Report," Arch. Forum, 103 (July, 1955), pp. 118-127. "Philadelphia's Penn Center Grows by Stages," Arch. Reco rd, 118 (Aug., 1955), pp. 169-172. "Philadelphia's Redevelopment," Arch Forum, 105 (Dec, 1956). pp. 128-135. ' ^ ^> Philadelphia City Planning Commission, Penn Center-Redevelopment Pla n. (Philadelphia: Apr,, 1952), 20 pp. " ' b. Independence Mall- plan for Independence Hall and a group of other historic buildings T*ich are being opened to view mth the new Independence malls being constructed mth state and federal participation. "Philadelphia's Redevelopment- A Progress Report," Arch. Forum, 103 (July, 1955), pp. 118-127. Henr:/ S. Churchill, "City Redevelopment," /jch. Forum , 93 (Dec, 1950->, pp. 72-77. 12. Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania a. Golden Triangle Development- the redevelopment of three hundred and thirty acres of doT-mtown Pittsburgh at the junction of the Allegheny and Monongahela Rivers. Old Fort Pitt is being preserved in an eighteen acre "Point Park" by the State of Pennsylvania. The development includes the Gateway Center, a twenty-three acre project adjoining Point Park which is being built by the Equitable Life Assurance Society as a center for office buildings. The scheme for the entire area entails a federal flood CDontrol program as well as extensive neiv highway construction. "Pittsburgh Renascent," Arch. Forum . 91 (Nov., 19U9), pp. 59-65, 112, "Office Toy/ers in a Park," Arch. Foi^jm , 39 (Dec, 1953), pp. 112-116. Frederick Gutheim, "Projects Without Plans," Arch. Forum, IO6 (Feb., 1957), pp. Ii|6-I5l, 250. ^ ^'/» Allegheny Conference on Community Development, Pittsburgh and Allegheny .?5.^'tx:_^]^ning_to_Jeality, (Pittsburgh: Sept., 1956), 36 pp. b, Mellon Square- an und'.)rground public parking garage for one thousand cars with surface level developed as a public square. A row of shops lines the western edge of the park. (! ■i:.:.-^-}:OX ■■ . uj .' (.Oil ^uio j'iU . •icv- JllSij i'. J. «!•. ./■"i^^O-i^i ,t -vj'<' '•. -1 ;vi "Redevelopment of a DoTmtown Area," USA Tomorrow , I (No. 3), pp. 8-I3. Sacramento City Planning Commission, Redevelopment Ideas for California's Capitol , (Sacramento: June, 1950), 2ii pp. 111. San Francisco, California The Golden Gatev^ay. Plan for a seventy-eiirht acre redevelopment site in the old produce market district. Through the middle of the area vd.ll run a wide mall separating the entrance and exit ramps of an elevated expressway. It is to be two stories high and landscaped, forming the roof over a complex of parking garages. The development includes fourteen office buildings and five high-rise apartment buildings, for which the mall would serve as a park. Architects: Skidmore, Owings & Merrill. "San Francisco Advancing Hnee Doivntown Proiect," Arch. Forum, IO6 (.i-pr,, 1957), p. 6. Skidmore, Owings & Merrill, The Golden Gateway , (n.p,, n.d.), 29 pp, San Francisco City Planning Commission, Redevelopment; Elements of Planning, Rebuilding of .'.rca 'E' , " Lawrenc e Lackey, architect, (San Franc isc o : June, 1956), ii8 pp. RESIDENTIAL DEVELOPMENTS This section includes large-scflle housing developments which- range from urban '.velopment and public housing projects to private residential schemes. I : 12 ''^^' Jj^'-'O-'^.* -:':^--> "*■ JOL-Xyif CPL Exchange Bibliography 8 1» Chicago^ Illinois a. Lake MeadoiTS Project- a Nerr York Life Insurance Company development oh' a one hundred and one acre redevelopment site* The plan includes five twelve story apartment buildings, garden apartments and a seventeen acre shopping center. Architects: Si^idraore, Ovrings & Merrill, "Chicago Redevelops," Arch* Forum , 93 (Aug., 1950), pp. 98-10^. "Chicago Slum Clearance to Begin with 12-story Apartments," ArchForum, 95 (Sept., 1951), p. 68. Ira J. Bach, "Chicago: A Study of Redevelopment," Arts and Architecture ^ 70 (June, 1953), PP. 33-3$, i;2-i^n. "Chicago Redevelopment aets Fast Pace for Other Cities," Arch Forum , 99 (Dec, 1953), pp. 1^3, U5. "Lake Meadows ;Uses," Arch. Forum , 101 (Nov., 195U), p. 35« "Renewing Our Cities: Chicago Mixes Potent Urban Medicine," Arch Forum , 103 (July, 1955), pp. 12-13, 17. "Mddle Income .tedevelopm.ent," Arch. Forum , 103 (Nov., 1955), p. lU3. b. Commonwealth Promenade- a pri-vate development of four large apartment buildings grouped above an underground parking garage. Architect: Mies van der Rohe, "Eight Chicago Apartment Projects," Arch. Forum, 103 (Nov., 1955), pp. Ili0-lli9. c. North Clark -La Salle Street Redevelopment Project- the plan for a twenty-one acre redevelopment area mth commercial shopping center fourteen story apartment building and two large parking garages. The area beneath a landscaped mall and private terraces will be used as a parking garage for the apartment units. "Residential Design: Housing Developments," Prog. Arch . XXXVI (Jan., 1955), pp. 7h-77. 2. Cleveland, Ohio Garden Valley tedevelopment Project. The plan for a tvvo hundred and sixty-six acre blighted industrial area and ravine, to be redeveloped with middle income hoi^sing units and a public housing project. Tlie existing neighborhood mil be rehabilitated and integrated with the new layout of the Graden Valley Project. "Clev/eland: City With a Deadline," Arch. Foru m, 103 (Aug., 1955), pp. 130-139. 3. Detroit, Mchigan &. Gratiot-Orleans Redevelopment Project- a commvinity plan for the development of one hundred and forty-tvro acres rdth three superblocks in a parklike scheme. It includes single family homes, row houses and high-rise buildings, as well as public housing dispersed in several areas. The plan is to accomodate four thousand four hundred families. Architects: Oskar Stonorov, Minoru Yaraasaki, and Victor Gruen & Associates. 13 ^Ui\; J.:.' j iZ"::\^ j'lir.o'; ^'rtlt V, CPL Exchange Bibliography 8 "Detroit Unveils Redevelopment to Cure ;.uto Age Problems," Arch Forum , 102 (Jan., 19SS), p. 9 "Redevelopment f.o.b. Detroit," Arch. Forum, 102 (Mar., 1955), pp. 116-125. "Urban Neighborhood Redevelopment," Prog. Arch ., XXXVI (Aug., 1955), pp. 100-103. "Urban Redevelopment in Detroit, IS-chigan," Prop. Arch ., XXT/I (Dec, 1955), p. 12| ICDCVII (Jan., 1956), pp. 76-77^; b. Lafayette Park Plan- tlie development of a fifty acre section of the Gratiot-Orleans Project described above. This plan retains many of the features of the earlier sche.ae, but focuses on a seventeen acre central municipal park, combined vrlth school and playground facilities! the park creates a three hundred foot wide green area through the center of the project for two-thirds of a milo. One and txvo story houses and several twenty-two story apartment towers and shopping facilities form a campus plan with access by cul-de-sac roads. The development is to be a self-contained settlement of seven thousand persons. Architect: Hies van der Rohej Planner: Ludwig Hilbcrseiraer. "Greenwald 'and Katzin ?oady to Euild Detroit Project by Mies van der Rohe," /rch. Forvun . lOi; (Mar,, 1956), p. 9. "Detroit Redevelopment," Arch. Forum , lOi; (Apr., 1956), pp. 122-123, "The Miesian Superblock," Archc Forum , 106 (Mar., 1957), pp. 128-133, U. Los Anglos, California Parklabrea. A lietropolitan Life Insurance Company Project with eighteen thirteen storj'- apartment buildings. Architect: Leonard Schultze & Associates, "West Coast Volcanoes," Arch. Forum . 92 (Feb., 1950), p. 128. "Is the West Ready for Toiver Apartments?" Arch. Forum , 96 (Jan., 1952), p. 56. 5. New York, New York a. Fordhara Hill- an Equitable Life Insurance Company project consisting of nine fourteen to sixteen storj^ apartment buildings on a hillside site in the Bronx. Architects: Leonard Schultze ^r. Associates, "New Ple.nfor Vertical Apartments," Arch. Forum . 92 (Mar., 1950), p. 135. b. Fresh Meado\7S- a residential community of eleven thousand people developed by the Ncit York Life Insurance Company. This one hundred and seventy acre development consists of three thousand apartment units provided in two thirteen story apartment buildings and seventy-two tvro story structures. The plan includes a large shopping center vath parking for one thousand cars. Otto L. Nelson, "Fresh Meado^v's /n Equity Investment by a Life Insurance Company," Journal of AIA , X (Dec, 19W), pp. 25U-261. lU ■••' »•',' J::rs. CPL Exchange Bibliography 8 c. Morningside Heights- a ten acre tract adjoining Columbia University- being developed ^vith six twenty story apartment buildings and commercial facilities. "Slum Clearance for ilorninpside Heights," Arch. Forum , 96 (Feb., 1952), p. U9. d. Parkchoster- a Metropolitan Life Insurance Company development on a one hundred and tvrenty nine acre site in the Bronx. More than twelve thousand families are housed in buildings ranging in height from seven to thirteen stories. Some two hundred stores arc to provide commercial facilities, along iwith a theater and other comr.mnity facilities. Arthur B. Gallion and Simon Eisner, The Urban Pattern , (New Yori<; D. Van Nostrand, 19^0), p. 171, e. Stuyvesant Torm- a Metropolitan -L-ife Insurance Company housing project on the lower esst side of Wcw York. It includes thirty-five apart- ment buildings on a seventy-five acre site. The total population of the development is more than twenty-four thousand persons, wj.th a density of three hundred and ninety persons per acre. "Stuyvesant Toiro, " Arch. Forum , 86 (Apr,, 19U7), pp. 7U-75. 6. Philadelphia, Pennsylvania a. East Poplar Area- a sixteen block blighted section is being rer- developed through a Quaker organization collaborating with the Philadelphia City Planning Commission and Redevelopment .'.uthority. The plan includes new parks, playgrounds, and a housing project, 'rchitect: Oskar Stonorov, "Philadelphia's Slum Modernization," Arch. Forum, 93 (Oct., 1950), pp. 172-175. Henry S. Churchill, "City Redevelopment," Arch. Forum , 93 (Dec, 1950), pp. 72-77. "The Philadelphia Cure: Clearing Slums T^ath Penicillin, Not Surgeiy", Arch. Forum . 96 (Apr., 1952), pp. 112-119, b. West Poplar Redevelopment 'rea- a rehabilitation project for a deteriorated residential neighborhood in which the street layout is redesigned and new recreational facilities are provided, Philadelphia City Planning Commission, West Poplar Redevelopment Area Plan, (Philadelphia: July, 1953), 30 pp. " c. Eastwick- a redevelopment plan to develop a three thousand acre site which is now partly swamp land, as a "new town," of thirty-five thousand people. A wide variety of dwelling types are proposed and complete community facilities. Areas are set aside for industrial sites. Architect: Henrv S. Churchill. ^ 15 , Forum . 9Z (Dec, 1950), pp. 61-71, \» Illinois Institute of Technology; Chicago, Illinois Plan for the expansion of the IIT campus on an adjacent seventy-five acre site to provide new facilities. Architect j Mies van der Rohe. "Renewing Our Cities: Chicago Ifcces Potent Urban Medicine," Arch. Forum, 103 (July, 1955), pp. 12-13, 17. ?. University of Michigan; ."mn Arbor, Michigan Plan for a new camjous on a three hundred and seventy-six acre site for a twelve thousand student population. The concept is to develop facilities around a string of small courts as they are required in a sort of "necklace- Dlan." Architects: Ecro Saarinen & Associates. "At the University of Ifichigan, An Ansrrer to Expansion," Arch. Forum, ?8 (June, 1953), pp. 118-122. Santa Barbara, University of California; Goleta, California Plan for a new college campus organized around a large central court buildings arranged in areas by general type. Architects; Pereira & lan. "Two Kinds of Campus Coherence," Arch. Forum, 107 (Sept., 1957), pp. 138-1U7. 20 CPL Exchsnge Bibliography 8 7» Temple University; jftiiladelphig. Pennsylvania Plan for the expansion of Temple University as a series of quadrangles which are to be grouped around a pedestrian groenway. This connects the center of the campus ivith a community center nearby which contains facilities for shopping and recreation. Architects: Molcn & avinbume, "Temple U.'s New Campus Plan," Prog> Arch .. UXTLII (Apr., 1957), p. 97. Philadelphia City Planning Commission, Northwest Temple Redevelo pment Area Plan , (Philadelphia: Mar., 1955), 30 ppT~" 8. United States Air Force Acgdemyt Colorado Springs, Colorado Development of a military academy on a twenty-seven square mile site, fl-cademic facilities include classroom buildings, chapel, administration building, barracks, drill fields, social center, and athletic facilities. Housing is developed in six neighborhoods surrounding a mesa occupied by a community and shopping center, chapel, library and high school. In each neighborhood is an elementary school and three subneighborhoods have nurserj^ schools. Architects; Skidm.ore, Owings & Merrill. "The United States Air Force Academy," Arch. Forum, 102 (June, 1955). pp. 100-109. "Air Academy," Prog. Arch ., XXXVI (June, 1955), pp. 89-92. 9» Wayne University; Detroit, Michigan Campus plan covering eighty-five acres to group the proposed Medical Science Center and College of Engineering with the Academic Center. Irchitect; Surcn Pilafian. "Cairpus and Student G.nter," Arch. Forum . 83 (Nov., 19ij.5), pp. 122-12ij.. "Urban University Redevelopment Wayne University," Prog. Arch., XXXVi (June, 1955), pp. 9U-101. ' l^VRGE-SCALE DEVELOPiOITS- MIDIC.'.L, TR_.NSP0RT.TI0N & INDUSTRI/i Phis section has selected a few examples to illustrate other areas of design aty in which the scale of developments has broadened to include large under- I. Michael Reese Hospital: Chicago, Illinois The long range plan for a new medical campus developed in conjunction rith a redevelopment project for the contiguous neighborhood covering eighty ilocks. Proposals are made for the physical development of a seven square ale area about the hospital. Architect: Walter Gropius. "A Hospital Plans," Arch. Fonun , 85 (Sept., 19li6), pp. 87-lOU. "Operation Chicago," Arch. Forum , 90 (Jan., 191^9), pp. 12-13. "ReneTving Our Cities: Chicago Mixes Potent Urban Medicine," Arch. Forum, 03 (July, 1955), pp. 12-13, 17. i 21 CPL Exchange Bibliography 8 2, St» Vincent Contor: Cleveland, Ohio The plan for expansion of 3t. Vincent Charity Hospital and redevelopment of the adjoining residential neighborhood. It includes a health center, office buildings, schools and middle income housing. Architect: Robert A. Little & Associates, "Award Citation," Prog. Arch .. XXXVII (Jan., 1956), pp. 78-79, 3« New York Univorsity-Belleviac Hospital; Ncxt York, Ncvf York The plan for a five building medical center on an eleven acre site to provide a College of Medicine, clinic, hospital, residence hall and auditorium. Architects: Skidmore, Ovri.ngs & Merrill, "Medical College," Arch. Forum . 83 (Nov., 19li5), pp. 99-103. "NctT Medical Center for Manhattan," Arch. Forum . 90 (Feb., 19h9), p. 13. h. New York International -•.irport: New York. Nev/ York The development of passenger and freight air terminal facilities on a srx hundred and fifty-five acre site. The "Terminal City" is arranged in an oval with ten major airlines buildings. Design Consultant: William K. Harrison. "Idlewild Airport Plan: Eight Separate Teminals," Arch Forum, 102 (Mar,, 1955), pp. 17, 21, * "Idlewild: Unlijnited Airport," Arch. Forum . 102 (Apr., 1955), pp. 152-157, "The Airport Scramble," Arch. Forum , lOJ. (June. 1956), pp. 116-131, "I^M," Prog. Arch. . X:acviII (Dec, 1957), pp. 75-95. ?, SoutfaTost Industrial Park: Texas . .J^^ ??"^" ^°^ ^-^ industrial district covering five thousand acres keyed to the Dallas-Fort Worth Toll ^ad. It is being developed by a single Drganization and is organized around a one million square foot terminal ware- louse. Associated Architects and Land Planners: Richard Collcy, A. B, 3wank, Jr., S. B. Zisman, O'Neil Ford. "An Industrial Heart for Metropolis," Arch. Fo rum. 106 (June, 1957). Dp, 15U-159. ' ^produced by the Lepartment of City and Regional Planning, niversity of California, Berkeley [(, California. 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