J^ctT/^^- 
 
 LINCOLN ROOM 
 
 UNIVERSITY OF ILLINOIS 
 LIBRARY 
 
 MEMORIAL 
 
 the Class of 1901 
 
 founded by 
 
 HARLAN HOYT HORNER 
 
 and 
 
 HENRIETTA CALHOUN HORNER
 
 k
 
 BENJAMIN FRANKLIN 
 
 To the Wanamaker Business Family : 
 
 " To Temperance I ascribe my long-continued 
 health and what is still left to me of a good constitu- 
 tion; to Industry and Frugality the early easiness of 
 my circumstances and acquisition of my fortune, with 
 all that knowledge that enabled me to be a useful 
 citizen, and obtained for me some degree of reputation 
 among the learned; to Sincerity and Justice the 
 confidence of my country and the honorable employs 
 it conferred upon me ; and to the joint influence of 
 the whole mass of the Virtues, even in the imperfect 
 state I was able to acquire them, all that Evenness 
 of Temper and that Cheerfulness in conversation which 
 is still sought for, and agreeable even to my younger 
 acquaintances. "
 
 Wanamaker Primer 
 
 on 
 
 ABRAHAM LINCOLN 
 
 STRENGTH MIND 
 
 HEART WILL 
 
 The Full-Rounded Man 
 
 The Typical American 
 Example of 
 
 The Rule of Four 
 
 Wanamaker — Originator 
 
 COPYRIGHT 1909-JOHN WANAMAKER
 
 (Bketcht for the Wanamaker Primer) 
 
 President Lincoln and his son, Tad Lincoln. 
 
 (Prom War Department collection.)
 
 11 3.1LG3 
 
 WANAMAKER— ORIGINATOR 
 
 -^ >V5' 
 
 (Sketcht for the Wanamaker Primer) 
 
 The cabin where Lincoln was born. 
 
 THE HUMBLE BIRTH 
 
 " Nancy s got a baby boy? 
 
 So announced Thomas 
 Lincoln one cold morning in 
 February to Dennis Hanks, his 
 cousin, who tells in his own 
 quaint way the story of the 
 birth of the savior of the 
 Nation. 
 
 Abraham Lincoln was born 
 in that old, tumble-down log 
 
 [five]
 
 LINCOLN PRIMER 
 
 cabin near Hodgenville, La Rue 
 (then called Hardin) County, 
 Kentucky, February 12, 1809. 
 Let Dennis Hanks paint the 
 picture : 
 
 "Tom an' Nancy [Lincoln's 
 father and mother] lived on a 
 farm about two miles from us 
 when Abe was born. I ricollect 
 Tom comin' over to our house 
 one cold mornin' in Feb'uary 
 an' sayin' kind o' slow : 
 
 " 'Nancys got a baby boy'! 
 
 "Mother got flustered, an' 
 hurried up her work to go over 
 to look after the little feller, 
 but I didn't have nothin' to wait 
 fur, so I cut an' run the hull 
 two mile to see my new cousin. 
 
 "You bet I was tickled to 
 death ! Babies wasn't as common 
 as blackberries in the woods of 
 
 [ six |
 
 WANAMAKER— ORIGINATOR 
 
 Kaintucky. Mother come over 
 an' washed him an' put a yaller 
 flannen petticoat on him, an' 
 cooked some dried berries with 
 wild honey fur Nancy, an' 
 slicked things up an' went 
 home. An that's all the nussn 
 either of 'em got. 
 
 "Folks often ask me if Abe 
 was a good-lookin' baby. Well, 
 now, he looked just like any 
 other baby at fust — like red 
 cherry pulp squeezed dry. An' 
 he didn't improve any as he 
 growed older. Abe never was 
 much fur looks. I ricollect how 
 Tom used to joke about Abe's 
 long legs when he was toddlin' 
 'round the cabin. He growed 
 out o' his clo'es faster'n Nancy 
 could make 'em." 
 
 [ seven ]
 
 flfej 
 
 
 ',. ■.'.:\'>.''-i. 
 
 (Sketcht for the Wanamaker Primer) 
 
 Lincoln statue in Lincoln Park, Chicago, 
 
 by Augustus St. Gaudens. 
 
 [ eight ]
 
 THE MARTYR DEATH 
 
 Fifty-six years later, at 22 
 minutes after 7 on the morning 
 of Saturday, April 15, 1865, 
 Secretary Edwin M. Stanton 
 closed the eyes of this boy, then 
 in the full prime of manhood — 
 the President of the United 
 States: a man whom Stanton 
 had first fought, then sneered 
 at, and then finally loved with 
 his big heart — and whispered 
 to the friends in the death- 
 chamber : 
 
 "Now he belongs to the ages? 
 
 The night before, when 
 Lincoln was shot down at Ford's 
 Theatre in Washington by John 
 Wilkes Booth, Tad Lincoln, the 
 
 [ nine J
 
 LINCOLN PRIMER 
 
 favorite son of his father, came 
 running into the White House 
 and said to Thomas Pendel, the 
 faithful old doorkeeper: "Tont 
 Pen ! Tom Pen ! Theyve killed papa 
 dead — theyve killed papa dead 7 r 
 
 The night before his death 
 Lincoln had a dream, the same 
 dream which in his life had 
 been the forerunner of great 
 events. He often told to his 
 friends that the night before 
 the battles of An tie tarn, 
 Murfreesboro, Gettysburg and 
 Vicksburg, he had this same 
 dream — that he was in a strange 
 ship moving rapidly toward a 
 dark and indefinite shore. 
 When he had this dream on the 
 night of April 13th, he said 
 himself the next day that some 
 important thing was going to 
 
 [ ten ]
 
 WANAMAKER—ORIGINATOR 
 
 happen. It was Good Friday. 
 He attended the Cabinet 
 meeting during the day, at 
 which General Grant was 
 present, and he told the Cabinet 
 of his dream. In the afternoon 
 Lincoln took his wife driving, 
 and she afterward told a friend 
 that she had never been so 
 happy in her whole life as on 
 that afternoon. 
 
 Both Lincoln and Grant- 
 had been invited to go to Ford's 
 Theatre that night, and both 
 were warned by Stanton that 
 it might be dangerous to expose 
 themselves in public when the 
 people were yet excited over 
 the closing events of the War. 
 Grant, whether influenced by 
 the warning or not, went to 
 visit his children in a Northern 
 
 [ eleven j
 
 LINCOLN PRIMER 
 
 school. Lincoln went to the 
 theatre. He was acclaimed by 
 the great audience and given a 
 grand demonstration. Suddenly 
 during the progress of the 
 play there was a pistol shot, a 
 shrill voice shouted : " Sic semper 
 tyrannis!" and Lincoln dropped 
 in his chair, never to speak 
 another word. 
 
 Walt Whitman has vividly 
 portrayed this scene in his 
 great poem — 
 
 " O CAPTAIN! MY CAPTAIN!" 
 
 O Captain! My Captain! Our fearful trip is done, 
 
 The ship has weather 'd every rock, the prize we 
 sought is won, 
 
 The port is near, the bells I hear, the people all ex- 
 ulting, 
 
 While follow eyes the steady keel, the vessel grim and 
 daring; 
 
 But O heart! heart! heart! 
 The bleeding drops of red, 
 Where on the deck my Captain lies, 
 Fallen cold and dead. 
 
 [ twelve ]
 
 WANAMAKER— ORIGINATOR 
 
 O Captain! My Captain! Rise up and hear the 
 
 bells; 
 Rise up — for you the flag is flung — for you the bugle 
 
 trills, 
 For you bouquets and ribbon 'd wreaths — for you the 
 
 shores a-crowding, 
 For you they call, the swaying mass, the eager faces 
 
 turning ; 
 
 Here, Captain ! dear father ! 
 This arm beneath your head! 
 It is some dream that on the deck 
 You've fallen cold and dead. 
 
 My Captain does not answer, his lips are pale and 
 
 still, 
 My father does not feel my arm, he has no pulse nor 
 
 will, 
 The ship is anchor'd safe and sound, its voyage clos'd 
 
 and done, 
 From fearful trip the victor ship comes in with object 
 
 won; 
 
 Exult, O shores, and ring, O bells! 
 But I, with mournful tread, 
 Walk the deck, while my Captain lies 
 Fallen cold and dead. 
 
 [ thirteen ]
 
 THE WONDERFUL LIFE 
 
 CHAPTER I 
 
 Lincoln — The Man of Strength 
 
 T 
 
 Lincoln is the great 
 American example of the boj 
 developing into the full- 
 rounded man. 
 
 From his 
 humble birth to 
 his tragic death, 
 as you read his 
 life story, 3^ou 
 will realize that 
 everything he 
 did he did — 
 
 With all his Strength, 
 With all his Mind, 
 
 J'Vltll all JUS Heai't y fSketcht for the Wanamaker Primer) 
 
 tjt'.j j j j ' Tj/'77 Lincoln in 1864, showing the 
 
 Willi att IllS Witt. strong features of his face. 
 
 [ fourteen ]
 
 WANAMAKER— ORIGINATOR 
 
 Lincoln was a boy among 
 boys. He was full of animal 
 spirits. He delighted in childish 
 pranks. He liked to play. He 
 had his favorite swimming 
 hole, like other boys. He had 
 his boyish tragedies and his 
 boyish comedies. He was 
 intensely human. 
 
 From the time his father, 
 Thomas Lincoln, put an ax into 
 Abe's hands and together they 
 built their first log cabin in 
 their new home in Indiana, to 
 the very day of his death, 
 Lincoln was a man of great 
 physical strength, energy and 
 endurance. 
 
 Abe's neighbors said he 
 was lazy. Abe himself once 
 said that " his father taught him 
 to work, but he never learned 
 
 [ fifteen ]
 
 LINCOLN PRIMER 
 
 him to love it." Often while 
 working on a neighbor's farm 
 he would gather the men about 
 the stump which he was trying 
 to uproot, and in his droll man- 
 ner tell them a story. This 
 story-telling habit Lincoln 
 never lost, and later in his life, 
 when he was plunged in the 
 depths of his country's misery 
 and despair, he himself said 
 that it was his one safety valve 
 which prevented him from 
 going insane. 
 
 But there was something 
 going on in the MIND of this 
 tall, gaunt boy which made 
 a neighbor once stop when he 
 passed Abe sitting on a rail 
 fence, and say to his son: 
 
 "Mark my word, John, that boy will 
 make a great man of himself some day I* 
 
 [ sixteen ]
 
 WANAMAKER— ORIGINATOR 
 
 (Sketcht for the Wanamaker Primer) 
 
 Lincoln's fishing and swimming hole. 
 
 Many tales are told of the 
 physical strength of Lincoln. 
 When 14 years old he was over 
 six feet tall, lank and wiry, "as 
 strong as an ox;" and the farmers 
 used to say to one another: "Abe 
 
 Lincoln can carry a load three ordinary 
 men can hardly lift? And one 
 time, so the story runs, young 
 Lincoln, "seeing three or four 
 men preparing 'sticks on which 
 to carry some huge posts/ re- 
 lieved them of all further 
 
 [ seventeen ]
 
 LINCOLN PRIMER 
 
 trouble by shouldering the posts 
 alone and carrying them to the 
 place where they were wanted." 
 John Hay, President 
 Lincoln's private secretary, 
 and afterward McKinley's and 
 Roosevelt's Secretary of State, 
 gives us this record of some of 
 the rails Lincoln split to 
 enclose his new home. 
 
 With the assistance of John Hanks he plowed 
 fifteen acres, and split, from the tall walnut trees of the 
 primeval forest, enough rails to surround them with a 
 fence. Little did either dream, while engaged in this 
 work, that the day would come when the appearance 
 of John Hanks in a public meeting, with two of these 
 rails on his shoulder, would electrify a State conven- 
 tion, and kindle throughout the country a contagious 
 and passionate enthusiasm whose results would reach 
 to endless generations. 
 
 "Abe never gave Nancy no 
 
 trouble? said old Dennis Hanks, 
 
 " after he cotild walk, except to keep him 
 
 in clothes. Most o' the time we 
 went bar'f oot. Ever wear a wet 
 
 [ eighteen ]
 
 WANAMAKER— ORIGINATOR 
 
 buckskin glove ? Them moc- 
 casins wasn't no putection 
 ag'inst the wet ; birch bark with 
 hickory bark soles, strapped on 
 over yarn socks, beat buckskin 
 all holler, fur snow. Abe 'n' 
 me got purty handy contrivin' 
 things that way. An Abe was 
 right out in the woods, about as soon's 
 he was weaned, Jishin in the crik, set- 
 tiri traps fur rabbits an muskrats, goin 
 on eoon-htmts with Tom an me an 
 the dogs, follerin up bees to find bee 
 trees, ail drappin eorn fair his pappy. 
 
 Mighty interestin' life fur a 
 boy, but thar was a good many 
 chances he wouldn't live to 
 grow up." 
 
 But Abraham Lincoln DID 
 
 grow up, and he grew up 
 healthy and strong beeause he lived the 
 
 NATURAL LIFE, and that 
 
 [ nineteen ]
 
 LINCOLN PRIMER 
 
 is the secret of his wonderful 
 constitution. 
 
 Abe's grandfather, after 
 whom he was named, had 
 moved into the forest country 
 of Kentucky with Daniel 
 Boone. And here he was shot 
 to death by the Indians when 
 his son Tom, Abe's father, was 
 only six years old. 
 
 Thomas Lincoln grew up a 
 poor, wandering orphan. He 
 did not even learn to write his 
 own name until after he mar- 
 ried Nancy Hanks, Abraham's 
 mother, who taught him to read 
 and write a little. But Thomas 
 Lincoln was a good, strong, 
 healthy man, and his baby boy, 
 little Abe, had a good start in 
 life with a sound, strong body. 
 
 [ twenty ]
 
 WAN AMAKER— ORIGINATOR 
 
 
 (Sketcht for the Wanamaker Primer) 
 
 Rock Spring, on the Lincoln farm in Kentucky. 
 
 The Lincoln family, of 
 course, lived very simply. The 
 little boy had only the plainest 
 food to eat, and not too much 
 of that. It may seem strange, 
 but it is far better to have too 
 little to eat than too much. 
 
 Young Abe lived very 
 much like the wild animals in 
 the woods around the little 
 cabin where he was born. He 
 spent most of the time out of 
 doors, playing by the clear, 
 crystal spring, called Rock 
 
 [twenty-one ]
 
 LINCOLN PRIMER 
 
 Spring, hiding in the woods 
 and running along the banks 
 of Knob Creek. 
 
 In the evening, while it 
 was growing dark, Thomas 
 Lincoln sometimes told 
 Abraham and his sister Sarah, 
 two years older, thrilling stories 
 of his adventures "with Indians 
 and the wild game he used to 
 hunt. Their mother often read 
 to them from the Bible, The 
 Pilgrhns Progress, and a few other 
 books, for books were very scarce 
 in Kentucky in those days. 
 
 The children went to bed 
 almost as early as the birds. 
 Abe climbed up to his low loft 
 overhead by means of pegs 
 driven into the logs, instead 
 of stairs. He slept on a bed of 
 leaves, very much as the birds 
 
 [ twenty-two J
 
 .WANAMAKER— -ORIGINATOR 
 
 sleep. He grew up, breathing 
 in the health and strength of 
 the pure air around him, just 
 as the wild creatures that he 
 learned to know nearly as well 
 as we know the horses, chickens 
 and household pets about our 
 homes to-day. 
 
 In this way Abraham Lincoln 
 began in his early days to gather and 
 store up the health and strength he 
 needed for the great toils and tasks of 
 his later life. 
 
 Ail through life Lincoln 
 maintained this STRENGTH 
 OF BODY, without which no 
 man or boy can accomplish 
 great things. When out among 
 the farmers one day, seeking 
 votes, when running for the 
 State Legislature, he was told 
 by the men in the harvest 
 
 [ twenty-three ]
 
 LINCOLN PRIMER 
 
 field that they would not vote 
 for a man who could not "hold 
 his own with the cradle." Abe 
 
 took hold of the scythe, cut the widest 
 swath, and distanced all the farmers, 
 gaining, it is said, by this feat no less 
 than thirty votes. 
 
 Still later in life, when at 
 Washington, even during the 
 most critical periods of the 
 War, Lincoln would take his 
 usual long walks, thus keeping 
 at par his robust constitution 
 and maintaining at its maxi- 
 mum capacity the physical 
 machinery which a sturdy 
 mother and a kind Nature gave 
 him at birth. 
 
 While he was President of 
 the United States, millions of 
 people marveled and talked 
 about his wonderful strength 
 
 [ twenty-four ]
 
 WANAMAKER— ORIGINATOR 
 
 and ENDURANCE OF BODY 
 AND MIND, which enabled 
 him to bear the terrific strain 
 of toil and anxiety. He would 
 go night after night with little 
 
 (Sketeht for the Wanamaker Primer) 
 
 Lincoln during the critical days of the War. 
 
 [ twenty-five ]
 
 LINCOLN PRIMER 
 
 or no sleep during the terrible 
 times of the Civil "War. The 
 
 people did not then realize that he 
 began laying in his stock of strength 
 when he was a little boy living in the 
 log huts in his " 'old Kenhicky home" 
 and in the camp and cabin of Indiana. 
 
 (Sketcht for the Wnnnmaker Primer) 
 
 The strong Lincoln profile — 1861. 
 
 [ twenty-six ]
 
 CHAPTER II 
 
 LINCOLN— THE MAN OF 
 MASTER MIND 
 
 Strength comes from the 
 body — which is visible. 
 
 Intellect comes from the 
 mind — which is invisible. 
 
 Yet the caliber of each is judged 
 by RESULTS. 
 
 We can judge the physical 
 Lincoln by his feats of strength. 
 We must judge the mental 
 Lincoln, not by the schooling or 
 education he received from 
 
 teachers, but by his words and deeds. 
 
 There are just two ways of 
 developing the mind — 
 
 [ twenty-seven ]
 
 LINCOLN PRIMER 
 
 1. By taking in through 
 the windows of our physical 
 senses all the useful information 
 about men and things that we 
 can get hold of. 
 
 2. By exercising, strength- 
 ening, enlarging and drawing 
 
 out the innate positive qtialities of 
 
 our minds. 
 
 Lincoln always had the windows 
 of his mind wide open to the world. 
 
 He went not long to school, nor 
 was he surrounded by a large 
 library, nor did he have great 
 teachers to pump into him all 
 the learning of the ages, but he 
 had that wonderful twofold 
 faculty of " taking in things" and 
 then of being able to classify his 
 
 knowledge and to bring it into action 
 at the proper time. One lesson of 
 Lincoln's life may be that it is 
 
 [ twenty-eight ]
 
 WANAMAKER— ORIGINATOR 
 
 more important to fill otir minds with 
 a few essential truths than it is to 
 sahtrate our brains with a smattering 
 of everything. 
 
 What books Lincoln read, 
 
 he remembered 
 and digested. 
 What learning 
 he acquired by 
 his own efforts, 
 he made use of in 
 a practical way. 
 
 Let Dennis 
 Hanks again tell 
 the story, as he 
 has told it in The 
 A merican Magazine, 
 
 for Dennis was 
 the cousin and 
 playmate of Lin- 
 
 tributed some of the most ., ., 
 
 important facts of Lincoln's COlll and greW UD 
 
 early history after Lincoln's . , ... 
 
 death in 1865. With him. 
 
 [ twenty-nine ] 
 
 (Sketeht for the Wanamaker Primer) 
 
 Dennis Hanks, cousin of 
 Lincoln's mother. It was 
 through his influence that 
 the Lincolns moved into 
 Illinois in 1830, and he con-
 
 LINCOLN PRIMER 
 
 "I reckon it was thinkin' o' Nancy," says Dennis 
 Hanks, "an' things she'd said to him that started 
 Abe to stud3^in' that next Winter. He could read 
 an' write, Nancy an' me'd l'arnt him that much, an' 
 he'd gone to school a spell, but it was nine mile there 
 an' back, an' a pore make-out fur a school anyhow. 
 Tom said it was a waste o' time, an' I reckon he was 
 right. But Nancy kep' urgin' Abe. 'Abe,' she'd 
 say, 'you I'arn all you kin, an 1 be some account,' an' 
 she'd tell him stories about George Washington, an' 
 say that Abe had jist as good Virginny blood in him 
 as Washington. Maybe she stretched things some, 
 but it done Abe good. 
 
 "Well, me'n Abe spelled through Webster's spellin' 
 book twict before he got tired. Then he tuk to writin' 
 on the puncheon floor, the fence rails an' the wooden 
 fire-shovel, with a bit o' charcoal. We got some 
 wrappin' paper over to Gentryville, an' I made ink 
 out o' blackberry-briar root an' copperas. It et the 
 paper into holes. Got so I could cut good pens out o' 
 turkey buzzard quills. It pestered Tom a heap to 
 have Abe writin' all over everything, but Abe was 
 jist wrapped up in it. 
 
 "'Denny,' he sez to me many a time, 'look at 
 that, will you? "Abraham Lincoln." That stands fur 
 me. Don't look a blamed bit like me.' An' he'd 
 stand an' study it a spell. 'Peared to mean a heap 
 to Abe. When Tom got mad at his markin' the 
 house up, Abe tuk to markin' trees Tom wanted to 
 cut down, with his name, an' writin' it in the sand at 
 the deer lick. 
 
 " I reckon Abe'd 'a' got discouraged about l'arnin' 
 after awhile if it hadn't be'n fur his stepmother. We 
 was all nigh about tickled to death when Tom brung 
 a new wife home. She'd be'n Sairy Bush, an' Tom'd 
 be'n in love with 'er before he met up with Nancy, 
 
 [ thirty ]
 
 WANAMAKER— ORIGINATOR 
 
 but her folks wouldn't let Tom have 'er, because he 
 was shif 'less. So she married a man named Johnston, 
 an' he died. Then her an' Tom got married. She 
 had three children of 'er own an' a four hoss wagon 
 load o' goods; feather pillers an' homespun blankets, 
 an' patchwork quilts an' a chist o' drawers, an' a flax 
 wheel, an' a soap kettle, an' cookin' pots an' pewter 
 dishes. 
 
 "Yes, Aunt Sairy was a woman o' propputy an' 
 could 'a' done better, I reckon, but Tom had a kind 
 o' way with the women, an' maybe it was somethin' 
 she tuk comfort in to have a man that didn't drink 
 an' cuss none. She made a heap more o' Tom, too, 
 than pore Nancy did. Before winter he'd put in a 
 new floor, he'd whipsawed an 'planed it off so shecould 
 scour it; made some good beds an' cheers, an' tinkered 
 at the roof so it couldn't snow in on us boys that 
 slep' in the loft. Purty soon we had the best house in 
 the kentry. Thar was eight of us then to do fur, 
 but Aunt Sairy had faculty an' didn't 'pear to be 
 hurried or worried none. 
 
 "She wasn't thar very long before she found out 
 how Abe hankered after books. She heerd him talk- 
 in' to me, I reckon. 'Denny,' he'd say, 'the things I 
 want to know is in books. My best friend's the man 
 who'll git me one.' 
 
 "Well, books wasn't as plenty as wild cats, but I 
 got him one by cuttin' cordwood. Abe'd lay on his 
 stummick by the fire an' read out loud to me an' Aunt 
 Sairy, an' we'd laugh when he did, though I reckon it 
 went in at one ear an' out at the other with 'er, as it 
 did with me. Tom'd come in an' say: 'See here, 
 Abe, your mother kain't work with you a-botherin' 
 her like that,' but Aunt Sairy always said it didn't 
 bother her none, an' she'd tell Abe to go on. I reckon 
 that encouraged Abe a heap. 
 
 [ thirty-one ]
 
 LINCOLN PRIMER 
 
 " 'Abe,' sez I, many a time, 'them yams is all lies.' 
 "'Mighty darned good lies,' he'd say, an' go on 
 readin' an' chucklin' to hisself, til) Tom'd kiver up 
 the fire fur the night an' shoo him off to bed. 
 
 " I reckon Abe read that book (Arabian Nights) a 
 dozen times an' knowed all the yarns by heart. He 
 didn't have nothin' much else to read, excep' Aunt 
 Sairy's Bible. He cut four cords o' wood onct to git 
 one stingy little slice of a book. It was a life o' Wash- 
 ington; an' he'd lay over the Statoots (Statutes) o' In- 
 diany half the night. 
 
 " We'd git hold o' a newspaper onct in a while, an' 
 Abe l'arned Henry Clay's speeches by heart. He 
 liked the stories in the Bible, too, an' he got a little book 
 o' fables some'ers. I reckon it was them stories he 
 read that give him so many yarns to tell. I asked 
 him onct after he'd gone to lawin' an' could make a 
 jury laugh or cry by firin' a yarn at 'em. 
 
 " 'Abe,' sez I, 'whar did you git so blamed many 
 lies?' An' he'd always say, 'Denny, when a story 
 lams you a good lesson, it ain't no lie. God tells truth 
 in parables. They're easier fur common folks to under- 
 stand an' ricollect.' His stories was like that. 
 
 " Seems to me now I never seen Abe after he was 
 twelve 'at he didn't have a book in his hand or in his 
 pocket. He'd put a book inside his shirt an' fill his 
 pants pockets with corn dodgers an' go off to plow or 
 hoe. When noon come he'd set under a tree, an' read 
 an' eat. An' when he come to the house at night, he'd 
 tilt a cheer back by the chimbley, put his feet on the rung, 
 an' set on his back-bone an' read. Aunt Sairy always 
 put a candle on the mantel-tree piece fur him, if she 
 had one. An' as like as not Abe'd eat his supper 
 thar, takin' anything she'd give him that he could 
 gnaw at an' read at the same time. I've seen many 
 a feller come in an' look at him. Abe not knowin' 
 
 [ thirty-two ]
 
 WANAMAKER— ORIGINATOR 
 
 anybody was 'round, an' sneak out agin like a cat, an' 
 say: 'Well, I'll be darned.' It didn't seem natural, 
 nohow, to see a feller read like that. Aunt Sairy'd 
 never let the children pester him. She always de- 
 clared Abe was goin' to be a great man some day, an' 
 she wasn't goin' to have him hendered. 
 
 "You bet he was too smart to think everything 
 was in books. Sometimes, a preacher 'r a circuit- 
 ridin' judge 'r lyyer 'r a stump-speakin' polytician 'r 
 a school teacher 'd come along. When one o' them 
 rode up, Tom'd go out an' say: 'Light, stranger, 1 
 like it was polite to do. Then Abe'd come lopin' out 
 on his long legs, throw one over the top rail, an' begin 
 firin' questions. Tom'd tell him to quit, but it didn't 
 do no good, so Tom'd have to 
 bang him on the side o' the 
 head with his hat. Abe'd go 
 off a spell an' fire sticks at 
 the snow-birds an' whistle like 
 he didn't keer. 
 
 '"Pap thinks it ain't polite 
 to ask folks so many questions, ' 
 he'd say. 'I reckon I wasn't 
 born to be polite. There's so 
 many things I want to know. 
 An' how else am I goin' to git 
 to know 'em f ' " 
 
 Lincoln always 
 lived close to Na- 
 ture and learned 
 from Nature. He 
 
 -i "l t t • (Sketcht for the Wanamaker Primer) 
 
 always had lllS Lincoln in 1858. 
 
 [ thirty-three ]
 
 LINCOLN PRIMER 
 
 eyes and ears wide open. He 
 "sensed" things naturally with- 
 out effort, and learned things 
 which it took other men, called 
 scholars, years to get into their 
 heads. 
 
 Lincoln had greatlj^ devel- 
 oped the power of attention and 
 of concentration, because he 
 became interested in everything 
 of importance that he took up. 
 
 Attention, you know, is 
 merely fixing your mind in- 
 tently on a thing. 
 
 C 07t cent rat ion is simply 
 prolonged attention. 
 
 Lincoln was a great listener. 
 
 He could empty his mind of 
 everything except the one 
 thing that he wanted to hear 
 and learn about. 
 
 [ thirty-four ]
 
 WANAMAKER— ORIGINATOR 
 
 Lincoln also had a strong memory 
 
 — "he would go to church," 
 says Dennis Hanks again, "an 
 come home an say aver the sermon 
 as good as tlie preaclier. He'd often 
 
 do it fur Aunt Sairy, when she 
 couldn't go, an' she said it was 
 jist as good as goin' herself." 
 
 Lincoln also had a powerful 
 imagination — that architect of 
 our minds which builds up 
 and joins thoughts into ideas 
 and judgments. He could 
 throw on the screen of his mind 
 the essential facts of a case and 
 reach a sound conclusion better 
 than any other man of his day. 
 This faculty gave him that 
 
 sound judgment, that judicial mind, 
 
 which carried him and the 
 country through the crises of 
 the Civil War. 
 
 [ thirty-five ]
 
 CHAPTER III 
 
 "HONEST ABE" 
 The Heart Side of Lincoln 
 
 While clerking in a store 
 at New Salem, Illinois, Lincoln 
 sold a bill of goods during the 
 day, and when checking up his 
 work at night found he had 
 charged a customer a "levy" 
 (1 2 % cents) too much. He locked 
 up his store at 10 o'clock, walked 
 several miles, and returned the 
 money to the customer. 
 
 Another time, upon open- 
 ing the store, he found a four- 
 ounce weight on the scales. 
 Realizing that he had not given 
 a customer the night before as 
 
 [ thirty-six ]
 
 WANAMAKER— ORIGINATOR 
 
 much, tea as had been paid for, 
 he walked out to her home 
 before breakfast and delivered 
 the rest of the tea before he 
 could eat. 
 
 Lincoln's law partner, 
 Herndon, said that he never 
 could get Abe to charge a large 
 enough fee. 
 
 Is it any wonder that with such 
 characteristics Lincoln soon came to be 
 called "HONEST ABE" ? 
 
 With all his other wonder- 
 ful qualities — his great physical 
 strength and endurance, his 
 strong mind, and his forceful 
 will — Lincoln is perhaps the greatest 
 example in history oj RELIABILITY. 
 His word was as good as his 
 bond. He always kept his 
 promises. He did everything 
 
 u with all his heart" — and his heart 
 
 [ thirty-seven ]
 
 LINCOLN PRIMER 
 
 was right and true. He was just 
 
 and fair always, but he was 
 merciful and kind as well. 
 
 The life of Lincoln is filled 
 with examples of his big heart. 
 He could not tell a lie, yet he 
 would never say or do anything 
 that would hurt anyone's feel- 
 ings. He would go out of his 
 way to help even a dumb 
 animal. It is related that when 
 going to a Cabinet meeting one 
 day in Washington, he found a 
 little wounded bird on the side- 
 walk. He simply would not go 
 on, even though it delayed the 
 Cabinet meeting, until he got 
 that little bird safe in its 
 mother's nest. 
 
 While still a small boy, 
 Abraham began to show that 
 his heart was right. He was 
 
 [ thirty-eight ]
 
 WANAMAKER— ORIGINATOR 
 
 kind to his sister, who was 
 always fond and proud of her 
 young brother. After he 
 became President he told, this 
 little story of his only recol- 
 lection of the War of 1812: 
 
 I had been fishing one day and caught a little 
 fish which I was taking home. I met a soldier on the 
 road, and, having been always told at home that we 
 must be good to the soldiers, I gave him my fish. 
 
 This must have happened 
 when he was less than six years 
 old. Another thing he did 
 before he left Kentucky, at 
 seven years of age, was to cut, 
 with untiring labor and pains, 
 spicewood boughs to burn in 
 the open fireplace, to make a 
 bright light and a pleasant 
 perfume "while his mother read 
 stories to him and his sister 
 from the Bible and The Pilgrims 
 Progress, 
 
 [ thirty-nine ]
 
 LINCOLN PRIMER 
 
 Tears of indignation and 
 pity often sprang to the tender- 
 hearted boy's eyes when he saw 
 his f ellows ill-treating helpless 
 animals. Once he caught 
 several of them putting live 
 coals on the back of a mud- 
 turtle with a shingle. He 
 snatched the shingle from the 
 hands of one mischievous boy, 
 knocked off the coals with it, 
 then began to punish the lad 
 for his cruelty. His first writing 
 in school was in defense of 
 dumb animals. Nat Grigsby, 
 one of his boy friends, said of 
 him afterward: "He first wrote 
 short sentences against crttelty to 
 animals', and at last came forward 
 with a regular c o mp osition on the 
 subject!' 
 
 [ forty ]
 
 (Sketcht for the Wanamaker Primer) 
 
 Sarah Bush Lincoln. She was an important factor in the 
 
 development of the strong character of her stepson, 
 
 Abraham Lincoln, having entered the Lincoln 
 
 home when little Abe was ten years old. 
 
 [ forty-one ]
 
 LINCOLN PRIMER 
 
 When he was nine years 
 old, Lincoln's own mother died. 
 He seldom spoke of her after 
 he grew up, but when he did 
 mention her it was in fervent 
 tones of deepest tenderness. 
 Once he said of her: "All 1 am 
 
 or hope to be, I owe to my sainted 
 mother!' 
 
 Lincoln was brought up 
 by a stepmother, and yet he loved 
 her. He came from the people, 
 and he loved his people. He loved 
 even his enemies, and even the 
 people of the South learned 
 after the close of the War that 
 
 his armies were sent against them not 
 in anger hit in love. He had greatly 
 developed the heart quality of 
 SYMPATHY. He was brought 
 up in a rough and uncouth 
 country, yet he had innate the 
 
 [ forty-two ]
 
 WANAMAKER— ORIGINATOR 
 
 virtues of courtesy and politeness. 
 He had developed to an enor- 
 mous degree the three great 
 heart qualities of — 
 
 Faith, 
 Hope, and 
 Charity ; 
 
 and above all else he was 
 LOYAL — loyal to the American 
 people, who had placed upon 
 him the responsibility of saving 
 the great American nation. 
 
 Pure in body and in mind 
 and temperate in his living, he 
 is the greatest all-around 
 example of the MAN OF 
 HEART that history has yet 
 produced. 
 
 Wayne Whipple's Lincoln 
 Story Calendar relates many tales 
 of his kindness of heart : 
 
 [ forty-three ]
 
 LINCOLN PRIMER 
 
 The story is told "of a little girl weeping at the 
 gate because the hackman had failed to call for her 
 trunk, and Lincoln promptly shouldered it and put 
 both trunk and girl on the train, and sent her off for 
 her first outing on the cars, smiling through her tears; 
 of a pig stuck in the mud, squealing helplessly, when 
 Lincoln and his law comrades passed on their way to 
 the next court — the others laughed over the pig's 
 plight after they had passed, but its helpless cries rang 
 in Lincoln's ears till he could bear it no longer; so he 
 returned, and with one fence-rail for a fulcrum and 
 another for a lever, pried the pig out of the mire, and 
 traveled the rest of that day alone, muddy but 
 content." 
 
 To the first $500 fee Lincoln 
 received he added $250, which 
 he actually had to borrow, to 
 invest in a quarter-section of 
 land to make his stepmother's 
 declining years more comfort- 
 able. Lincoln, when in prosperity, 
 never neglected his "step r ' relations. 
 
 Several good stories are told of 
 his giving money to his good- 
 for-nothing stepbrother, and of 
 his leaving the comforts and 
 comradeship of a hotel, even 
 
 [ forty-four ]
 
 WANAMAKER— ORIGINATOR 
 
 during the exhaustion of his 
 great debates with Douglas, to 
 walk miles through rain and 
 mud to call upon some distant 
 relative. Once, when it was 
 suggested that he needed the 
 rest and shelter, he seemed 
 shocked at the wickedness of 
 such a thought, exclaiming: 
 
 ''Why, Aunt 's heart would be broken 
 if I should leave town without calling 
 upon her!' 
 
 Many stories are told of 
 Lincoln's tenderness, which 
 was as sensitive as a child's, 
 while he traveled the Eighth 
 Illinois Circuit as a country 
 lawyer. The hardships of his 
 life and the callousing expe- 
 riences of the legal profession 
 never hardened his heart in the 
 least. Late one very cold night, 
 
 [ forty-five ]
 
 (Sketcht for the Wanamaker Primer) 
 
 The smiling Lincoln. 
 
 (A rare expression.) 
 
 [ forty-six ]
 
 WANAMAKER— ORIGINATOR 
 
 Lincoln, the constable, and 
 others, were returning from a 
 hard day's work at threshing, 
 when they found an intoxi- 
 cated man lying in the freezing 
 mud and ice of the roadside. 
 The others said: "He has made 
 his bed, let him lie in it;" but 
 this seemed utterly monstrous 
 to Abraham. The rest went on 
 to their homes, but he bent his 
 strong frame, gathered the dead 
 weight of the large, heavy 
 drunken man, and carried him 
 eighty rods to a deserted hut, 
 where he made a fire and 
 warmed, chafed and nursed his 
 unconscious patient all that 
 night through. The man after- 
 ward said: "It was mighty clever 
 in Abe to tote me to a warm fire that 
 cold night" and the poor fellow 
 
 [ forty-seven ]
 
 LINCOLN PRIMER 
 
 believed that the strong young 
 man's kindness had saved 
 his life. 
 
 When the Lincoln family 
 moved to Illinois, they plodded 
 through muddy prairies and 
 forded swollen streams in a big 
 covered wagon drawn by two 
 yoke of oxen. One afternoon 
 about dusk, after they had 
 floundered through a creek 
 filled with broken ice, they dis- 
 coveredthat they had left behind 
 them a little dog, a pet of one 
 of the famity. The rest were 
 for going on and leaving the 
 cur behind, as it was already 
 late, and to go back with the 
 oxen was out of the question. 
 But Abraham saw the little 
 dog on the other bank, running 
 up and down and yelping in 
 
 [ forty-eight ]
 
 WANAMAKER— ORIGINATOR 
 
 distress. Referring once to this 
 incident, he said : "/ could not 
 endure the idea of abandoning even a 
 
 dog. Pulling off shoes and socks, 
 I waded across the stream and 
 triumphantly returned with 
 the shivering animal under my 
 arm. His frantic leaps of joy 
 and other evidences of a dog's 
 gratitude amply repaid me for 
 all the exposure I had under- 
 gone." 
 
 Soon after this, in Illinois, 
 Lincoln was often without 
 work; so he spent his time 
 helping others who needed 
 help, without pay. It was said 
 of him that "he visited the widow 
 and fatherless, and chopped their wood? 
 
 Once, while he was a captain 
 in the Black Hawk War, he 
 stepped in and kept some 
 
 [ forty-nine ]
 
 LINCOLN PRIMER 
 
 soldiers, who believed that "the 
 only good Indian is a dead 
 Indian," from shooting an old 
 redskin as a spy, even at the 
 risk of his own life. The angry 
 soldiers threatened him for 
 interfering, and he indignantly 
 retorted, as he rolled up his 
 sleeves: "77/ tell you what — 77/ 
 fight you all Take it out of me, if you 
 can; btct yoti shant totich this Indian. 
 When a man comes to me for help he's 
 going to get it, if I have to lick all 
 Sangamon County." 
 
 One day, when traveling 
 across country from one court 
 to another with several lawyer 
 friends, Lincoln was suddenly 
 missed. 
 
 "Where's Lincoln?" asked 
 one. 
 
 [ fifty ]
 
 WANAMAKER— ORIGINATOR 
 
 "Ok! when I saw him last he had 
 two little birds in his hands, hunting 
 
 for their nest." He had seen the 
 young birds fluttering on the 
 ground in a thicket, had hitched 
 his horse, caught the birds, and 
 was going about searching tree 
 after tree for the nest from 
 which the fledglings had fallen. 
 An hour later, when Lincoln 
 caught up with his friends, they 
 laughed at him for wasting his 
 time in such a childish way. 
 He replied, with, great earnest- 
 ness: 
 
 ' Gentlemen, you may laugh, but I 
 could not have slept well to-night if 
 1 had not saved those birds. Their 
 cries would have rttng in my ears!' 
 
 Lincoln's heart taught him 
 true politeness. He was by nature 
 kind and gentle — a gentle-man, 
 
 [ fifty-one ]
 
 LINCOLN PRIMER 
 
 without the superficial veneer 
 or "polish" which often passes 
 for gentility. He had a "heart 
 of oak," true, loyal, grateful — 
 never forgetting a favor. One 
 day, not long before he started 
 for Washington to assume the 
 reins of government, an old 
 woman whom he called "Aunt 
 Sally" came to see him. He was 
 talking with two men of 
 national renown, but he rushed 
 to meet her, seated her in the 
 chair of honor, introduced his 
 distinguished guests, and put 
 her at ease by telling what good 
 times he used to have at her 
 house on "Sangamon Bottom." 
 'Gentlemen" said he, "this is a 
 good old friend of mine. She can bake 
 the best flapjacks you ever tasted, and 
 she has baked them for me many a time." 
 
 [ fifty-two ]
 
 WANAMAKER— ORIGINATOR 
 
 Then "Aunt Sally" pulled 
 out a huge pair of coarse yarn 
 socks and handed them to Mr. 
 Lincoln. He took the stockings 
 by the toes, holding one in each 
 hand beside his great feet, as he 
 exclaimed : 
 
 "She got my latitude and longitude 
 about right, didiit she, gentlemen f 
 
 Then he took both the good 
 woman's hands in his, told her 
 how pleased he was with her 
 remembrance, and promised 
 to take the stockings to 
 Washington, wear them in the 
 White House, and think of her 
 when he did so. And he meant 
 it, every word! He was 
 incapable of winking or laugh- 
 ing behind dear "Aunt Sally's" 
 back. His heart was too kind 
 and loyal for anything like 
 
 [ fifty-three ]
 
 LINCOLN PRIMER 
 
 that, though it was full of fun, 
 for he had the keenest possible 
 sense of the ludicrous. To 
 
 Lincoln there could be nothing funny 
 in any act of sincere kindness from a 
 good old friend. 
 
 There came the severest 
 test of Lincoln's HEART after 
 he became President. His 
 Cabinet was made up of his 
 political rivals, who insulted 
 him by their patronizing 
 airs. Each and all 
 
 thought Lin- 
 coln's election a 
 grand blunder. 
 
 Seward, as 
 S e c r e t a r y of 
 
 State, gener- 
 ously offered to 
 run things if 
 Lincoln would 
 
 [ fifty-four ] 
 
 (Sketcht for the Wanamaker Primer) 
 
 Lincoln and his famous beaver 
 hat. (From Meserve 
 collection, New York.)
 
 WANAMAKER— ORIGINATOR 
 
 only keep his hands off and 
 hold back the rest of the 
 Cabinet. Lincoln, with gentle 
 firmness, without telling any 
 one of the Secretary's fault and 
 weakness, converted a jealous 
 rival into a staunch friend. 
 
 Chase was allowed to go on 
 using his position as Secretary 
 of the Treasury against his 
 silent chief, but Lincoln dis- 
 posed of Chase with a shrewd 
 kindness which was then called 
 "diplomacy." 
 
 And Stanton, brusque, 
 bitter, caustic, overbearing, in- 
 solent, abusive Stanton, who 
 had called Lincoln an " imbecile," 
 an "ogre," a "gorilla" and a " fool," 
 was transformed into a loyal, 
 devoted, staunch friend and 
 admirer of his chief. Mind 
 
 [ fifty-five ]
 
 LINCOLN PRIMER 
 
 alone could never have mas- 
 tered Stanton. It was the Great 
 Heart and the Great Will in 
 the White House that finally 
 conquered his domineering 
 Secretary of War. 
 
 There was something more 
 than human about Lincoln's 
 CHARITY. He seemed to 
 think no less of any man because 
 that man hated and abused 
 Abraham Lincoln. Few men 
 can comprehend such unheard- 
 of generosity. Lincoln could 
 see the good in a man regardless 
 of the way that man treated 
 him. He endured the worst 
 treatment on the part of his 
 subordinates, for the sake of the 
 country — yes, and for the sake 
 of those subordinates them- 
 selves. After General McClellan 
 
 [ fifty-six ]
 
 WANAMAKER— ORIGINATOR 
 
 had insulted him, an attending 
 officer protested, but Lincoln 
 replied: V will hold McClellans 
 horse, if he will win us a battle? 
 
 Lincoln had the unselfish, 
 
 self- denying, 
 self - effacing, 
 self-giving 
 HEART. He 
 was a martyr in 
 spirit, through 
 his love of man- 
 kind, years be- 
 fore his actual 
 martyrdom 
 came to pass. He 
 had learned to 
 rule his spirit 
 
 but disliking the result he ran j ^ th 
 
 his fingers through it just a ° o w 
 
 moment before the picture cheerleSS CabinS 
 was taken. (From the Fay _ - T - r 
 
 collection, Illinois.) OI -KentUCJ&y, 
 
 [ fifty-seven ] 
 
 CSketcht for the Wanarnaker Primer) 
 
 Lincoln at 48. When prepar- 
 ing for this picture, Lincoln's 
 stubby hair was smoothed 
 down by the photographer,
 
 LINCOLN PRIMER 
 
 Indiana and Illinois. His father 
 was harsh and unjust, calling 
 his only son foolish and lazy 
 when he was really wise and 
 untiring in his industry. He 
 early learned to be kind and 
 true even while smarting under 
 a sense of injustice and wrong. 
 He learned his first lessons and 
 solved his first problems in 
 charity as he lay before the fire, 
 studying by its light and work- 
 ing out simple sums on his 
 father's wooden shovel. His 
 "charity for all" was exercised 
 when that "all" meant only the 
 few of his own family and his 
 pioneer neighbors — and again 
 when "all" meant all the 
 American people. 
 
 Lincoln's famous letter to 
 a bereaved mother — the letter 
 
 [fifty-eight ]
 
 WANAMAKER— ORIGINATOR 
 
 is still hanging on the walls of 
 Brasenose College, Oxford 
 University, England, as a model 
 of pure and exquisite English 
 — shows the great HEART of 
 Lincoln, as well as his great 
 MIND. 
 
 The letter was this : 
 
 Executive Mansion, 
 Mrs. Bixby, Washington, Nov. 21, 1864. 
 
 Boston, Mass. 
 Dear Madam: — 
 
 I have been shown in the files of the War 
 Department a statement of the Adjutant-General of 
 Massachusetts, that you are the mother of five sons 
 who have died gloriously on the field of battle. I 
 feel how weak and fruitless must be any words of mine 
 which should attempt to beguile you from the grief 
 of a loss so overwhelming. But I cannot refrain from 
 tendering to you the consolation that may be found in 
 the thanks of the Republic they died to save. I pray 
 that our Heavenly Father may assuage the anguish 
 of your bereavement, and leave you only the cher- 
 ished memory of the loved and lost, and the solemn 
 pride that must be yours to have laid so costly a 
 sacrifice upon the altar of freedom. 
 
 Yours very sincerely and respectfully, 
 
 (Note. — After receiving the letter three of Mrs. Bixby's 
 sons reported killed in battle came home to her, alive and 
 well. Several families of the same name had been confused in 
 the records.) 
 
 [ fifty-nine ]
 
 LINCOLN PRIMER 
 
 Attorney - General Bates 
 
 used to say : "Should the applicant 
 be a woman, a wife, a mother, or a 
 sister, in nine cases out of ten her 
 tears, if nothing else, would be sure to 
 prevail with Lincoln!' 
 
 Even after General Butler 
 had telegraphed from the field 
 to Lincoln : " I pray you not to 
 interfere with the courts- 
 martial of the army. You will 
 destroy all discipline among our 
 soldiers," Lincoln's heart was so 
 big that after listening to a plea 
 for mercy for a soldier com- 
 mitted to death, he exclaimed : 
 
 * By Jings ! Butler or no Butler, here 
 goes!" and wrote this order : "Job 
 Smith is not to be shot until further 
 orders from me? The old man 
 who was pleading for his son's 
 pardon was disappointed. He 
 had come for a full pardon. 
 
 [ sixty ]
 
 WANAMAKER— ORIGINATOR 
 
 "My old friend" said Lincoln, 
 "/ see yoti are not very well acquainted 
 with me. If yo^tr son never looks on 
 death until further orders come from 
 me to shoot liim, he will live to be a 
 great deal older than Methuselah." 
 
 "It makes me rested," 
 Lincoln used to say, "after a 
 hard day's work, if I can find 
 some good excuse for saving a 
 man's life, and I go to bed 
 happy, as I think how joyous 
 the signing of my name will 
 make him and his family and 
 his friends." 
 
 And with this very quality 
 of HEART— love for his 
 fellow man — Lincoln won over 
 even his enemies, and saved the 
 Nation. His political rivals 
 were astounded and puzzled 
 over his popularity in Illinois, 
 
 [ sixty-one ]
 
 LINCOLN PRIMER 
 
 when they arrived at the con- 
 vention that nominated him. 
 The Lincoln love spread over 
 the North like a prairie fire. 
 People said it was because he 
 was a plain man of the people. 
 That was true, but it was 
 Lincoln's love that won the 
 love of "all sorts and conditions 
 of men." "Old Abe" was not a 
 term of disrespect, but of 
 endearment. When he, as 
 President, called for troops, and 
 more and more troops, the 
 response was not of complaint, 
 but of love : 
 
 "We are coming, Father Abraham, 
 Three hundred thousand more," 
 
 the armies sang as they 
 marched to danger and to 
 death. The soldiers fought for 
 very love of Lincoln — the 
 
 [ sixty-two ]
 
 WANAMAKER— ORIGINATOR 
 
 1 - ♦!»»»>. 
 
 (Sketcht for the Wanamaker Primer) 
 
 Review of the Army of the Potomac 
 by President Lincoln 
 
 President who showed on all 
 occasions that he loved "the 
 boys," as he called them. 
 Stanton and the generals raved 
 and stormed over Lincoln's 
 "sickly sentimentality" in 
 pardoning and reprieving and 
 saving so many from death. 
 But every loyal soldier knew 
 the President cared for him. 
 
 [ sixty-three ]
 
 LINCOLN PRIMER 
 
 Lincoln became the personi- 
 fication of all that the 
 United States government 
 
 stood for. The soldiers very loyalty 
 was nine parts love for Lincoln. Such 
 devotion to a man was one of 
 the miracles of history. The 
 military devotion to Napoleon 
 was nothing beside it, for that 
 love flagged and finally failed. 
 The love for Lincoln was 
 grandly simple. // was the response 
 of millions to the Great Heart at the 
 seat of government. It was 
 this love that received so many 
 mothers', fathers', sisters' 
 petitions, and brought joy 
 and gratitude into so msaiy 
 homes, and sent many a woman 
 away from his presence saying: 
 
 Why do they tell that awful lie that 
 Mr. Lincohi is an ugly man ? Why, 
 
 [ sixty- four ]
 
 WANAMAKER— ORIGINATOR 
 
 he has the most beatitifitl man's face I 
 ever saw. He looks like an angel'' 
 
 AND HE WAS AN ANGEL 
 OF LIGHT AND LIFE to 
 thousands of anxious, broken 
 hearts. 
 
 (Sketrht for the Wanamaker Primer) 
 
 An example of Lincoln's handicraft. 
 
 [ sixty-five ]
 
 (Sketcht for the Wanamaker Primer) 
 
 Lincoln in his prime. 
 
 CHAPTER IV 
 
 LINCOLN, THE MAN OF 
 
 ACTION 
 
 "If I ever get a chance to hit that 
 
 thing [meaning Slavery], I'LL 
 HIT IT HARD"— said Lincoln 
 at New Orleans one day when 
 he saw a nearly white girl 
 
 [ sixty-six ]
 
 WANAMAKER— ORIGINATOR 
 
 auctioned off to the highest 
 bidder in a slave market. 
 
 "I'LL HIT IT HARD"— 
 that was the strong will of Lincoln 
 that made him a master of men 
 who often were mentally his 
 superiors. 
 
 Yes, the Human Will is 
 boss; it is the great dynamo 
 that sets things in motion; 
 backed by a strong body, a 
 sound mind, and a true heart, 
 it will triumph over all diffi- 
 culties. 
 
 If slavery had not been hit hard 
 
 — if its dragon head had not 
 been pierced by the sword of 
 Lincoln's Emancipation Procla- 
 mation, there would probably be no 
 Republic of the United States to-day. 
 Lincoln was not stubborn; 
 but when he arrived at a sound 
 
 [ sixty-seven ]
 
 LINCOLN PRIMER 
 
 judgment, when his mind was 
 completely made up, he carried 
 the thing through to the end, 
 and no man could balk him. 
 
 / have found my General" he 
 
 said one day in a little French 
 toy-shop in Washington where 
 he had gone to get some toys 
 for his son Tad. The toymaker 
 had fought with Napoleon and 
 was telling the President, not 
 knowing who he was, why 
 Napoleon had conquered in his 
 many battles. "He goes where he 
 wants to go? said the toymaker. 
 
 Lincoln was placing upon 
 the counter at the time the toy 
 soldiers that he was buying for 
 his little son. He stood in 
 front the soldier who was 
 dressed in the uniform of a 
 general. The little pewter toy 
 
 [ sixty-eight ]
 
 WANAMAKER— ORIGINATOR 
 
 fell over. The toymaker's wife 
 said, in her broken English: 
 
 "He no good, him head heavy; this one 
 will stand up straight" and she 
 picked out another soldier and 
 placed him at the head of the 
 column. 
 
 " I have found my General? mut- 
 tered Lincoln under his breath 
 as he went out of the toy-shop ; 
 
 u one who can stand up and go where he 
 wants to go" — and the next day he 
 appointed Grant commander- 
 in-chief, in the face of great 
 opposition, and the War 
 reached the stage of "the beginning 
 of the end! 
 
 Secretary Stanton's will 
 was of unusual strength, yet it 
 went down before the master 
 will of Lincoln. Stanton was 
 blustering about in the 
 
 [ sixty-nine ]
 
 LINCOLN PRIMER 
 
 White House one day, declar- 
 ing that he could not and 
 would not carry out 
 certain instructions given 
 him by the President. Old 
 Dennis Hanks happened to be 
 there, and he went to Lincoln 
 and said: " Abe, if I was as big as you 
 are, I would take him [Stanton] over 
 my knee and spank him? "No? 
 replied Lincoln ; "Stanton is an able 
 and valuable man to this nation, and I 
 am glad to bear with his anger, for the 
 service he can render the people? But 
 
 when a Committee once came 
 to the President and brought a 
 message from Secretary Stanton, 
 that he flatly refused to comply 
 with the President's instruc- 
 tions, saying: ° If Lincoln gave you 
 such ait order as that, he is a blamed 
 
 old fool? Lincoln went over to 
 
 [ seventy ]
 
 WANAMAKER— -ORIGINATOR 
 
 the Secretary's office, saying: 
 
 "What Stanton says is nearly always 
 right, and if he says I am a blamed 
 fool, I must be one, hit I guess I will 
 stop over and see Stanton right now? 
 
 "But, Mr. President, it is 
 impossible," said Stanton to 
 Lincoln, when they came face 
 to face; "it is unreasonable; I 
 cannot do it." 
 
 "Mr. Secretary" said Lincoln, 
 "IT WILL HAVE TO BE 
 DONE ! " Lincoln's eyes looked 
 into Stanton's — Stanton had 
 met his master at last — the 
 order was carried out. 
 
 Lincoln signed his immor- 
 tal Emancipation Proclamation, 
 freeing the slaves, on the first 
 day of January, 18 63. His 
 strong will was again exempli- 
 fied on that occasion in the 
 
 [ seventy-one ]
 
 LINCOLN PRIMER 
 
 very manner in which he 
 signed the document. "I have 
 been shaking hands since 9 
 o'clock this morning," he said (at 
 the regular New Tear's recep- 
 tion),"and my right arm is almost 
 paralyzed. If my name ever goes 
 into history, it will be for this act, a7id 
 my whole soul is in it. If my hand 
 trembles when I sign the Proc- 
 lamation, all who examine the 
 document hereafter will say 
 'he hesitated.'" 
 
 Lincoln then turned to the 
 table, took up the pen again, 
 and slowly, firmly wrote 
 
 He then looked up, smiled, 
 and said : " That will do!' 
 
 This is the immortal paper 
 Lincoln signed, freeing the 
 slaves : 
 
 [ seventy-two ]
 
 EMANCIPATION 
 PROCLAMATION 
 
 January i, 1863. 
 
 Whereas, on the twenty-second day of 
 September, in the year of our Lord one thou- 
 sand eight hundred and sixty-two, a procla- 
 mation was issued by the President of the 
 United States, containing, among other 
 things, the following, to wit : 
 
 "That on the first day of 
 January, in the year of our Lord 
 one thousand eight hundred and 
 sixty-three, all persons held as 
 slaves within any State, or desig- 
 nated part of a State, the people 
 whereof shall then be in rebellion 
 against the United States, shall 
 be then, thenceforward, and for- 
 ever free; and the Executive 
 Government of the United States, 
 including the military and naval 
 authority thereof, will recognize 
 
 and maintain the freedom Of SUCh (Sketcht for the Wanamaker Primer) 
 
 persons, and will do no act or acts Lincoln's inkstand, 
 to repress such persons, or any of them, in any efforts 
 they may make for their actual freedom. 
 
 " That the Executive will, on the first day of Janu- 
 ary aforesaid, by proclamation, designate the States 
 and parts of States, if any, in which the people thereof 
 
 [ seventy -three '
 
 LINCOLN PRIMER 
 
 respectively shall then be in rebellion against the 
 United States ; and the fact that any State, or the 
 people thereof, shall on that day be in good faith rep- 
 resented in the Congress of the United States by mem- 
 bers chosen thereto at elections wherein a majority 
 of the qualified voters of such State shall have par- 
 ticipated, shall in the absence of strong countervailing 
 testimony be deemed conclusive evidence that such 
 State and the people thereof are not then in rebellion 
 against the United States." 
 
 Now, therefore, I, Abraham Lincoln, President of 
 the United States, by virtue of the power in me vested 
 as commander-in-chief of the army and navy of the 
 United States, in time of actual armed rebellion 
 against the authority and government of the United 
 States, and as a fit and necessary war measure for 
 suppressing said rebellion, do, on this first day of Jan- 
 uary, in the year of our Lord one thousand eight hun- 
 dred and sixty-three, and in accordance with my pur- 
 pose to do so, publicly proclaimed for the full period 
 of ioo days from the day first above mentioned, order 
 and designate as the States and parts of States wherein 
 the people thereof, respectively, are this day in rebel- 
 lion against the United States, the following, to wit : 
 
 Arkansas, Texas, Louisiana (except the parishes of 
 St. Bernard, Plaquemines, Jefferson, St. John. St. 
 Charles, St. James, Ascension, Assumption, Terre- 
 bonne, Lafourche, St. Mary, St. Martin and Orleans, in- 
 cludingthe city of New Orleans), Mississippi, Alabama, 
 Florida, Georgia, South Carolina, North Carolina and 
 Virginia (except the forty-eight counties designated 
 as West Virginia, and also the counties of Berkeley, 
 Accomac, Northampton, Elizabeth City, York, 
 Princess Anne and Norfolk and Portsmouth), and 
 which excepted parts are for the present left precisely 
 is if this proclamation were not issued. 
 
 [ seventy-four ]
 
 WANAMAKER— ORIGINATOR 
 
 And by virtue of the power and for the purpose 
 aforesaid, I do order and declare that all persons held 
 as slaves within said designated States and parts of 
 States are, and henceforth shall be, free; and that the 
 Executive Government of the United States, includ- 
 ing the military and naval authorities thereof, will 
 recognize and maintain the freedom of said persons. 
 
 And I hereby enjoin upon the people so declared 
 to be free to abstain from all violence, unless in neces- 
 sary self-defence; and I recommend to them that, in 
 all cases when allowed, they labor faithfully for rea- 
 sonable wages. 
 
 And I further declare and make known that such 
 persons of suitable condition will be received into the 
 armed service of the United States to garrison forts, 
 positions, stations, and other places, and to man 
 vessels of all sorts in said service. 
 
 And upon this act, sincerely believed to be an act of 
 justice, warranted by the Constitution upon military 
 necessity, I invoke the considerate judgment of man- 
 kind and the gracious favor of Almighty God. 
 
 In witness whereof, I have hereunto set my hand 
 and caused the seal of the United States to be affixed. 
 Done at the city of Washington, 
 this first day of January, in the year of 
 our Lord one thousand eight hundred 
 and sixty-three, and of the United 
 States of America the eighty-seventh. 
 
 By the President: 
 William H. Seward, 
 Secretary of State. 
 
 [ seventy-five J
 
 CHAPTER V 
 
 THE LESSON 
 OF LINCOLN'S LIFE 
 
 And now, what is the 
 lesson of Lincoln's life — for 
 boys and girls, for the American 
 
 people, and even 
 for all the world? 
 For a great mis- 
 sionary once said 
 that if he could 
 get all of the four 
 hundred millions 
 of people in China 
 to read the simple 
 narrative of Lin- 
 coln's life, it would 
 
 (Sketcht for the Wnnnmnker Primer) /~] f~\ tyiat>D CYT\r\r\ 4"Tl Q Y"l 
 Lincoln before his election, i860. U.U J_LLVJ± C gUUU UJLlCLUL 
 
 [ seventy-six ]
 
 WANAMAKER— ORIGINATOR 
 
 all , that has yet been accom- 
 plished. 
 
 Is Lincoln merely to be 
 held up as a poor boy, without 
 birth or family, without 
 prestige or "pull" or environ- 
 ment, who became President 
 of the United States? — an 
 example of the American 
 notion that all men are born 
 free and equal, and that even 
 the poorest born can become 
 the ruler of the Nation — is this 
 all that Lincoln stands for ? 
 
 Are we to look upon 
 Lincoln as the Man of Destiny, 
 raised up by Providence in the 
 crisis of the American 
 Rebellion to save the Union — 
 as other men before have been 
 raised up as saviors in world 
 crises ? 
 
 [ seventy-seven ]
 
 LINCOLN PRIMER 
 
 Are we to hold up Lincoln 
 only as another example of the 
 self-made man? 
 
 No; the true lesson of 
 Lincoln's life is this : He was a 
 FULL-ROUNDED MAN— 
 the man of physical strength, the 
 man of master mind, the man 
 of great heart, and the man of 
 strong will — and only the FULL- 
 ROUNDED MAN can 
 accomplish that great success 
 in life which is enduring. 
 
 Napoleon was a man 
 of great physical strength and 
 endurance, yes ; and he was a 
 man of great mind, yes ; and 
 he was a man of tremendous 
 
 will, yes — but he lacked a true heart ; 
 and because of this serious lack in his 
 make-up, Napoleon s wonderful success 
 turned later into disastrotcs ruin. 
 
 [ seventy-eight ]
 
 WANAMAKER— ORIGINATOR 
 
 The man wlio lives in his- 
 tory, the man who accomplishes 
 great, enduring works for 
 civilization, is the man, you 
 will always find, who had the four 
 great sides of true manhood — a 
 
 strong BODY, a well-developed 
 MIND, a true HEART, and a 
 strong, safe WILL. 
 
 If you would be helped by 
 
 this little Primer on Abraham 
 Lincoln, think always of him as 
 the man who did things — 
 
 "WITH ALL HIS STRENGTH 
 WITH ALL HIS MIND 
 WITH ALL HIS HEART 
 WITH ALL HIS WILL. 
 
 And if you happen to 
 inherit a weak body (which, 
 however, can be strengthened 
 by right living), or feel that your 
 
 [ seventy-nine ]
 
 LINCOLN PRIMER 
 
 mind has not the capacity of a 
 great scholar's, remember that 
 your HEART is your very own 
 and that your heart is what you 
 make it. 
 
 And remember that in 
 Lincoln it was his Heart that 
 prompted the Emancipation 
 Proclamation. It was his Head 
 that was too slow for the North- 
 ern abolitionists. It was his 
 Heart that crowned his life 
 with immortal success. 
 
 And it was because of his 
 great HEART that when 
 Lincoln was assassinated, mil- 
 lions of grown men wept, men 
 who had never been known to 
 weep, even over their own 
 private griefs and losses — "wept 
 with the passion of an angry grief. ' 
 
 f eighty ]
 
 WANAMAKER— ORIGINATOR 
 
 Whatever may be said 
 about inequalities of mental 
 gifts or of the accidents of 
 birth or fortune, the HEART 
 is the one thing in which all of us are 
 created free and equal. It may 
 
 grow up in kindness and love, 
 or be allowed to grow rank 
 with malice and hatred. 
 Lincoln's life-story stands 
 beside that of Joseph and 
 of Moses. Throughout his 
 difficult and stormy career it 
 was his HEART that kept 
 
 Lincoln true and made him live the 
 life expressed in those immortal 
 words which he uttered only a 
 few days before his martyrdom : 
 
 With malice toward none ; with 
 charity for all? 
 
 [ eighty-one ]
 
 LINCOLN'S 
 AUTOBIOGRAPHY 
 
 Springfield, December 20, 1859. 
 J. W. Fell, Esq. 
 My Dear Sir: 
 
 Herewith is a little sketch, as you re- 
 quested. There is not much of it, for the reason, I 
 suppose, that there is not much of me. If anything 
 
 be made of it, I wish it to be 
 modest, and not to go beyond 
 the material. . . . 
 
 I was born February 12, 
 1 809, in Hardin County, Ken- 
 tucky. My parents were both 
 born in Virginia, of undistin- 
 guished families — second fam- 
 ilies, perhaps I should say. 
 My mother, who died in my 
 tenth year, was of a family 
 by the name of Hanks. 
 My paternal grandfather, 
 Abraham Lincoln, emigrated 
 to Kentucky about 1781 or 
 1782, where, a year or two 
 later, he was killed by the In- 
 
 (Sketeht for the Wanamaker Primer) dians, not in battle, but by 
 
 Lincoln in 1848— e arli e s t stea lth, when he was laboring 
 known picture of Lincoln. . ., r 
 
 (From collection of Mr. F. H. to °P en a farm m the forest ' 
 
 Meserve, New York City.) His ancestors, who were 
 
 [ eighty-two ]
 
 WANAMAKER— ORIGINATOR 
 
 Quakers, went to Virginia from Berks County, 
 Pennsylvania. . . . 
 
 My father, at the death of his father, was but six 
 years of age, and grew up literally without education. 
 He removed from Kentucky to what is now Spencer 
 County, Indiana, in my eighth year. . . . There I 
 grew up. There were some schools, so called, but no 
 qualification was ever required of a teacher beyond 
 "readin', writin', and cipherin' to the rule of 
 three." . . . There was absolutely nothing to 
 excite ambition for education. ... Of course, 
 when I came of age I did not know much. 
 I have not been to school since. The little advance I 
 now have upon this store of education I have picked 
 up from time to time under the pressure of 
 necessity. . . . 
 
 I was raised to farm work, which I continued 
 until I was twenty-two. At twenty-one I came to 
 Illinois, Macon County. Then I got to New Salem, 
 where I remained a year as a sort of clerk, in a store. 
 Then came the Black Hawk War; and I was elected a 
 captain of volunteers, which gave me more pleasure 
 than any I have had since. I went the campaign, 
 was elated, ran for the Legislature the same year 
 (1832) and was beaten — the only time I was ever 
 beaten by the people. The next and three succeed- 
 ing biennial elections, I was elected to the Legisla- 
 ture. I was not a candidate afterward. During this 
 legislative period I had studied law, and removed to 
 Springfield to practise it. In 1846 I was elected to 
 the Lower House of Congress. Was not a candidate 
 for re-election. From 1849 to 1854, both inclusive, 
 practised law more assiduously than ever before. 
 Always a Whig in politics, and generally on the elec- 
 toral tickets, making active canvasses. I was losing 
 interest in politics when the repeal of the Missouri 
 
 [ eighty-three ]
 
 LINCOLN PRIMER 
 
 Compromise aroused me again. What I have done 
 since is pretty well known. 
 
 If any personal description is thought desirable, 
 it may be said I am, in height, six feet four inches, 
 
 nearly ; lean in flesh, weighing on an average one hun- 
 dred and eighty pounds; dark complexion, with 
 coarse black hair and gray eyes. No other marks 
 and brands recollected. 
 
 Yours trulv, 
 
 A. LINCOLN. 
 
 LINCOLN CHRONOLOGY 
 
 1806 — Thomas Lincoln and Nancy Hanks married, June 12, in 
 Kentucky. 
 
 1809 — Birth of Abraham Lincoln, February 12, in Hardin, now 
 La Rue County, Ky. 
 
 1816 — Removal to Indiana, where the family settled in the 
 neighborhood of Gentryville. 
 
 1818 — Death of Abraham Lincoln's mother. 
 
 1828 — First trip in a flat-boat to New Orleans. 
 
 1830 — Removal of the Lincolns to Macon County, Illinois. 
 
 1831 — Second trip to New Orleans, returning from which 
 Abraham leaves his father's cabin behind him and settles 
 in New Salem, a small town on the Sangamon River, to 
 become a clerk in Denton Offutt's store. 
 
 1832 — Announces his candidacy for the Illinois Legislature, and 
 enlists for the Black Hawk War. Upon his return he is 
 defeated for the Legislature, the only defeat he ever 
 suffered at the hands of the people. Establishes the firm 
 of Berry & Lincoln, "grocery keepers," in New Salem. 
 
 1833 — Appointed postmaster in New Salem. Closes the "gro- 
 cery' later, to study surveying and read law. 
 
 1834 — Elected to the Illinois Legislature by a large majority. 
 
 1835 — Death of his first love, Anne Rutledge. 
 
 1836 — Re-elected to the Legislature. 
 
 1837 — Settles in Springfield, the county seat, to take up the 
 practice of law with Major John T. Stuart. 
 
 [ eighty-four ]
 
 WANAMAKER— ORIGINATOR 
 
 1838 — Re-elected to the Legislature, in which he is the Whig 
 candidate for Speaker of the House of Representatives. 
 
 1840 — Re-elected to the Legislature, again to be his party's 
 candidate for Speaker 'Stumps" the State for 'Tippe- 
 canoe and Tyler too." 
 
 1841 — Forms law partnership with Stephen T. Logan onder 
 the firm name of Logan & Lincoln. 
 
 1842 — Duel with James Shields, and marriage, November 4, to 
 Man- Todd. 
 
 1S44 — Heads Illinois electoral ticket for Henry Clay, the Whig 
 candidate for President. 
 
 -_: — Law firm of Lincoln & Herndon organized. 
 
 1846 — Elected to Congress over Peter Cartwrieht, frontier 
 evangelist and Democrat. 
 
 1848 — "Stumps" the Eastern States for Zachary Taylor. 
 
 1849 — Failure to secure the_ appointment as Commissioner of 
 the General Land Office. Offered the Governorship of 
 Oregon, which he declines on his wife's account 
 
 1854 — The principle of popular sovereignty proclaimed, and 
 the first of Lincoln's debates with Stephen A. Doug- 
 las on the slavery question, but becomes the Anti-Nebras- 
 kan candidate for United States Senator, withdrawing 
 later in favor of Lyman Trumbull, who is elected. 
 
 1S56 — Joins the Republican party, and receives no votes for Vice- 
 President on the first Republican national ticket, headed 
 by John C. Fremont. 
 
 ;;:S — Contests Douglas's seat in the United States Senate in 
 a remarkable series of debates, but fails of election, 
 though the large popular vote was in his favor. 
 
 1859 — Speaks for the Republicans of Ohio at Columbus and 
 Cincinnati, and visits Kansas. 
 
 i860 — Cooper Institute speech :n New York City in February, 
 followed by ?. tour of New England, with speeches in 
 Connecticut, Rhode Island and New Hampshire. Illinois 
 Republicans at Decatur make him their candidate for 
 President. Nominated over William H. Seward, of New 
 York, for the Presidency at the Chicago Convention, 
 and elected as the '"Rail Candidate" in November. 
 
 1861 — Leaves Springfield for Washington, speaking at many 
 points in Indiana, Ohio. New York. New Jersey and 
 Pennsylvania on his way. Inaugurated President of the 
 United States. March 4. Assault ur:r. F:rt Surr.ter, 
 April 12, and beginning of the War. Disastrous Fed- 
 eral reverse at Bui! Run on July 21. Calls for troops. 
 Seizure of Mason and SlidelL and a narrow escape from 
 war with Great Britain, 
 
 [ eighty-five ]
 
 LINCOLN PRIMER 
 
 1862 — McClellan' s advance into Virginia for the unsuccessful 
 Peninsular campaign. Pope's undoing at the second 
 battle of Bull Run, and the battle of Antietam, which 
 checked Lee's northern movement. Emancipation policy 
 announced, September 22. McClellan relieved from duty, 
 to be followed by Burnside. 
 
 1863 — Emancipation proclaimed, January 1. The disaster at 
 Fredericksburg. Appointment of Hooker to command 
 the Army of the Potomac. The battle of Chancellors- 
 ville and .Lee's determination to invade the North. 
 Meade supersedes Hooker. The battle of Gettysburg, 
 July 1, 2 and 3, by which the Confederates are driven 
 South again. Grant's capture of Vicksburg, July 4, and 
 his appointment to command all the Western armies. 
 The victories around Chattanooga. 
 
 [864 — Grant appointed Lieutenant-General and Commander-in- 
 Chief in March. Lincoln renominated for the Presi- 
 dency. The bloody battles of the Wilderness and Grant's 
 march to Petersburg. Sheridan's operations in the Shen- 
 andoah Valley. Sherman's capture of Atlanta, and his 
 march to the sea. Election of Lincoln for a second term, 
 over McClellan, the Democratic candidate. 
 
 1865 — Thirteenth Amendment passed by Congress and referred 
 to the States. Hampton Roads conference with Con- 
 federate Commissioners, February 3. Lee's evacuation 
 of Richmond and his surrender to Grant, April 9. Lin- 
 coln visits Richmond, returning from which he is shot 
 by John Wilkes Booth, in Ford's Theatre, Washington, 
 April 14. Death on April 15, and burial in Springfield, 
 Illinois, May 4. 
 
 |V 
 
 1 Sketcht for the Wanamaker Primer) 
 
 The well on the Lincoln farm. 
 
 [ eighty-six ]
 
 WANAMAKER— ORIGINATOR 
 
 FROM LINCOLN'S FIRST INAUGURAL 
 
 March 4, 1861. 
 
 I am loath to close. We are not enemies, but 
 friends. We must not be enemies. Though passion 
 may have strained, it must not break our bonds of 
 affection. The mystic chords of memory, stretching 
 from every battlefield and patriot grave to every 
 living heart and hearthstone all over this broad land, 
 will yet swell the chorus of the Union when again 
 touched, as surely they will be, by the better angels 
 of our nature. 
 
 FROM LINCOLN'S SECOND INAUGURAL 
 
 March 4, 1865. 
 With malice toward none; with charity for all; 
 with firmness in the right, as God gives us to see the 
 right, let us strive on to finish the work we are in ; to 
 bind up the nation's wounds; to care for him who 
 shall have borne the battle, and for his widow and his 
 orphan — to do all which may achieve and cherish a 
 just and lasting place among ourselves, and with all 
 nations. 
 
 LINCOLN'S GETTYSBURG ORATION 
 
 Delivered November 19, 1863. 
 
 Fourscore and seven years ago our fathers brought 
 forth on this continent, a new nation, conceived in 
 Liberty, and dedicated to the proposition that all 
 men are created equal. 
 
 Now we are engaged in a great civil war, testing 
 whether that nation, or any nation so conceived and 
 so dedicated, can long endure. We are met on a 
 great battlefield of that war. We have come to dedi- 
 cate a portion of that field, as a final resting place for 
 those who here gave their lives that that nation 
 might live. It is altogether fitting and proper that 
 we should do this. 
 
 [ eighty-seven ]
 
 LINCOLN PRIMER 
 
 But, in a larger sense, we can not dedicate — we 
 can not consecrate — we can not hallow — this ground. 
 The brave men, living and dead — who struggled here, 
 have consecrated it, far above our poor power to add 
 or detract. The world will little note, nor long remember 
 what we say here, but it can never forget what they 
 did here. It is for us the living, rather, to be dedicated 
 here to the unfinished work which they who fought 
 here have thus far so nobly advanced. It is rather 
 for us to be here dedicated to the great task remain- 
 ing before us — that from these honored dead we take 
 increased devotion to that cause for which they gave 
 the last full measure of devotion — that we here highly 
 resolve that these dead shall not have died in vain — 
 that this nation, under God, shall have a new birth of 
 freedom — and that government of the people, by the 
 people, for the people, shall not perish from the 
 earth. 
 
 LINCOLN'S ADDRESS AT INDEPENDENCE 
 
 HALL 
 
 Philadelphia, February 22, 1861. 
 
 I am filled with deep emotion at finding myself 
 standing in this place, where were collected together 
 the wisdom, the patriotism, the devotion to principle, 
 from which sprang the institutions under which we 
 live. 
 
 You have Kindly suggested to me that in my 
 hands is the task of restoring peace to our distracted 
 country. I can say in return, sir, that all the political 
 sentiments I entertain have been drawn, so far as I 
 have been able to draw them, from the sentiments 
 which originated in and were given to the world 
 from this hall. I have never had a feeling, politi- 
 cally, that did not spring from the sentiments embod- 
 ied in the Declaration of Independence. 
 
 [ eighty-eight ]
 
 WANAMAKER— ORIGINATOR 
 
 I have often pondered over the dangers which 
 were incurred by the men who assembled here and 
 framed and adopted that Declaration. I have pon- 
 dered over the toils that were endured by the officers 
 and soldiers of the army who achieved that inde- 
 pendence, I have often inquired of myself what great 
 principle or idea it was that kept this Confederacy so 
 long together. It was not the mere matter of the 
 separation of the colonies from the motherland, but 
 that sentiment in the Declaration of Independence 
 which gave liberty, not alone to the people of this 
 country, but hope to all the world, for all future time. 
 It was that which gave promise that in due time the 
 weights would be lifted from the shoulders of all men, 
 and that all should have an equal chance. This is 
 the sentiment embodied in the Declaration of Inde- 
 pendence. 
 
 Now, my friends, can this country be saved on 
 this basis? If it can, I will consider myself one of the 
 happiest men in the world if I can help to save it. If 
 it cannot be saved upon that principle, it will be truly 
 awful. But if this country cannot be saved without 
 giving up that principle, I was about to say I would 
 rather be assassinated on this spot than surrender it. 
 
 Now, in my view of the present aspect of affairs, 
 there is no need of bloodshed and war. There is no 
 necessity for it. I am not in favor of such a course; 
 and I may say in advance that there will be no blood- 
 shed unless it is forced upon the government. The 
 government will not use force unless force is used 
 against it. 
 
 My friends, this is wholly an unprepared speech. 
 I did not expect to be called on to say a word when I 
 came here. I supposed I was merely to do some- 
 thing toward raising a flag. I may, therefore, have 
 
 [ eighty-nine ]
 
 LINCOLN PRIMER 
 
 said something indiscreet. But I have said nothing 
 but what I am willing to live by, and, if it be the pleas- 
 ure of Almighty God, to die by. 
 
 4 LET ME ENTREAT YOU TO GOME BACK!" 
 
 From Lincoln's speech at Lewistown, 111., August 
 17, 1858, during the Douglas Debate, a speech 
 which the " Chicago Tribune " called Lincoln's 
 greatest inspiration. 
 
 My countrymen, if you have been taught doc- 
 trines conflicting with the great landmarks of the 
 Declaration of Independence, if you have listened 
 to suggestions which would take away from its 
 grandeur and mutilate the fair symmetry of its pro- 
 portions; if you have been inclined to believe that 
 all men are not created equal in those inalienable 
 rights in our chart of liberty, let me entreat you to 
 come back! Return to the fountain whose waters 
 spring close by the blood of the Revolution. . . . 
 You may do anything with me you choose, if you 
 will but heed these sacred principles; you may not 
 only defeat me for the Senate, but you may take me 
 and put me to death. ... I charge you to drop 
 every paltry and insignificant thought for any man's 
 success. It is nothing ; I am nothing ; Judge 
 Douglas is nothing. But do not destroy that im- 
 mortal emblem of Humanity — the Declaration of 
 Independence. 
 
 [ ninety J
 
 THE RULE OF FOUR 
 
 With all my STRENGTH 
 With all my MIND 
 With all my HEART 
 With all my WILL 
 
 I SERVE THE PUBLIC 
 
 at 
 THE 
 
 WANAMAKER STORES 
 
 [ ninety-one |
 
 CHAPTER I 
 
 With all my STRENGTH 
 With all my MIND 
 With all my HEART 
 With all my WILL 
 
 These are common every- 
 day sayings. With all my 
 Strength, with all my Mind, 
 with all my Heart, with all my 
 Will. We use the expressions 
 frequently, not realizing fully 
 what they mean. In a hazy sort 
 of "way we know they indicate 
 Power, but we do not analyze 
 that power, to see whence it 
 comes and what it can do. 
 
 What we really mean to 
 express (without knowing it) is 
 
 this : / will do my best, I will exert my 
 
 [ ninety-two ]
 
 WANAMAKER— ORIGINATOR 
 
 utmost power — physical, mental, moral, 
 and I will make t/iat power active. A. 
 
 locomotive lias great latent 
 power even when at rest, but 
 until the engineer opens the 
 throttle and makes that power 
 active, the locomotive accom- 
 plishes nothing. 
 
 We are all much like a 
 locomotive. We feed fuel 
 (food) into our bodies to "get up 
 steam" (energy), but unless we 
 direct that energy with intelli- 
 gent and moral action (using 
 our brains and our hearts and 
 our wills, as the engineer uses 
 his throttle) we do not get far 
 along the road of life. 
 
 Each of these sayings — with 
 all my Strength, with all my 
 Mind, with all my Heart, with 
 
 [ ninety-three ]
 
 THE RULE OF FOUR 
 
 all my Will — is really a Rule of 
 Life — and, uniting them, they 
 become the Rule of Fotcr, form- 
 ing a chart of conduct leading to 
 the completion of the four 
 segments of the whole man or woman. 
 
 [ ninety-four ]
 
 CHAPTER II 
 
 "With All My STRENGTH" 
 
 Johnny was tossing in his 
 sleep. His breath came in short 
 gasps. He began to choke — 
 and was wide awake in an in- 
 stant—for his room was filled 
 with smoke and the cry of 
 "Fire /" rang through the house. 
 
 Johnnie was nine years old. 
 His father was dead. His 
 mother was a cripple and could 
 not move from her bed by her- 
 self. Johnnie and his mother 
 slept in the same room and they 
 locked the door at night. The 
 only other people in the house 
 were the housekeeper, old and 
 feeble, and a young girl, fifteen 
 years old, who took care of 
 Johnnie's mother. 
 
 [ ninety-five ]
 
 THE RULE OF FOUR 
 
 It was this young girl who 
 discovered the fire and whose 
 cry of alarm had awakened 
 Johnny. With a bound he was 
 out of bed and by his mother's 
 side. "Be brave, dear" said his 
 mother, "and open the door; some 
 one will save us." 
 
 Johnny sprang to the door, 
 gave the knob a turn, then re- 
 membered the door was locked. 
 But the key wasn't there ! He 
 felt on the floor, but couldn't 
 find it. ' Where s the key? mother, 
 quick — where s the key?' But his 
 
 mother could not tell him. 
 For the first time (for she was 
 a brave woman !) the cold chill 
 of fear swept down her back — 
 fear more for her darling boy 
 than for herself, for she was 
 used to suffering. 
 
 [ ninety-six ]
 
 WANAMAKER— ORIGINATOR 
 
 " Ptill at the lock, John, ptish 
 the door, throw your body against it, 
 and be quick, be quick? gasped his 
 
 mother, for the smoke was 
 pouring in the transom and 
 they could hear the crackle of 
 the flames. 
 
 "/ — cant — break — open — the — 
 door— mother— I HAVEN'T — 
 
 THE — STRENGTH" — and 
 
 poor Johnny sank to the floor 
 with a moan. 
 
 For an instant mother and 
 boy lay sobbing. Suddenly 
 there was a bang on the door 
 from without. A great weight 
 crushed against it — once, twice 
 — and a man's voice rang out — 
 
 "Keep as near the floor as you can — 
 
 below the smoke, and I will break 
 
 down the door!' Again there 
 was a crash — and again — and 
 
 [ ninety-seven ]
 
 THE RULE OF FOUR 
 
 the door burst open. Two strong 
 men, neighbors, who had seen 
 the fire, rushed in. One picked 
 up the bed-ridden mother. The 
 other, stumbling over Johnny 
 on the floor, picked him up. 
 And both were carried, through 
 flame and smoke, to safety. 
 
 When Johnny was revived, 
 he was lying in the neighbor's 
 house, by the side of his mother, 
 and the first words he spoke 
 were: "Mother, I wasn't strong 
 eno^lgh, but — when — / — get to be — a 
 man— I WILL BE STRONG— 
 wont I? y 
 
 Strength,Physical Strength, 
 Brawn, Muscle. This is the 
 starting point for business. 
 Strength comes from our bodies. 
 We own our bodies. Our bod- 
 ies are our birth-right. To 
 
 [ ninety-eight ]
 
 WANAMAKER— ORIGINATOR 
 
 make them strong our mothers 
 gave us their own strength, our 
 fathers work hard that we may 
 have proper food to nourish us 
 and make us strong. But we 
 must do our part to become physically 
 strong and to hold our strength all 
 through life. 
 
 Strength comes from Health. 
 Health comes from right living. 
 Right living is merely living in 
 harmony with N attire. The laws of 
 Health are: nourish the body, 
 but do not overfeed it ; exercise 
 the body, but give it proper 
 rest to recuperate ; cleanse 
 the body, within and without ; 
 do not abuse the body; breathe 
 deeply of pure fresh air ; and 
 think good thoughts. 
 
 Nature intends every boy 
 
 [ ninety-nine ]
 
 THE RULE OF FOUR 
 
 and girl, every man and woman, 
 to be strong physically. When 
 we are not strong, either we are 
 disobeying the laws of Nature, 
 or our ancestors have disobeyed 
 them and we have inherited 
 weak bodies — but in most in- 
 stances even a weak body can 
 be made strong by right living. 
 Let us see what Nature asks 
 us to do to become strong. To 
 learn this we must get as close 
 to Nature as possible. The wild 
 lion is strong because he lives 
 according to the laws of Nature. 
 His instinct tells him how to 
 live. The lion in captivity 
 loses some of this strength. 
 The wild horse is stronger than 
 the domesticated horse. When 
 we begin to domesticate any 
 
 [ one hundred ]
 
 WANAMAKER— ORIGINATOR 
 
 wild animal it becomes subject 
 to disease and soon loses its 
 strength. The wild oxen that 
 race up and down the wind- 
 swept plains are never sick. 
 But domesticated cattle fre- 
 quently have tuberculosis. 
 Wild birds are rarely ill. Birds 
 in captivity must be watched 
 constantly, kept out of draughts, 
 given proper food, or they soon 
 sicken and die. 
 
 The lesson is this: live ac- 
 cording to the laws of Nature and we 
 keep well and strong; live contrary 
 to any of these laws and we 
 sicken and grow weak. 
 
 What are these laws of 
 Nature ? 
 
 Stud3 r the habits of a wild 
 
 animal that lives close to 
 Nature. 
 
 [ one hundred and one ]
 
 THE RULE OF FOUR 
 
 In the first place, he eats 
 only when he is hungry — and 
 he rarely over-eats. He drinks 
 when he is thirsty — and he 
 never drinks anything but 
 water. He sleeps in the open 
 air — goes to sleep when the sun 
 sets and gets awake when it 
 rises. He takes exercise. He 
 rests. Instinct tells him what 
 to do, how to do it, when to do 
 it — and lie does it. 
 
 If man lived in a state of 
 Nature, his instinct would tell 
 him how to live according to 
 the laws of Nature. But with 
 the refinements of civilization 
 have come so many abuses, and 
 as man is a free agent, having 
 the power of choice, his instinct 
 is no longer a guide; he must 
 learn (through his mind) the 
 
 [ one hundred and two ]
 
 WANAMAKER— ORIGINATOR 
 
 laws of Nature and (through 
 his will) must obey them. 
 
 Adapting to man the laws 
 of Health as we find them in 
 the wild animal, we may lay 
 down these rules : 
 
 1. Breathe right, Live in the 
 open as much as possible. Open 
 the windows in your sleeping- 
 room. Breathe fresh, pure air 
 always, and take deep, long 
 breaths. Few people use all of 
 their lungs — they fill only half 
 of the air-cells. This brings on 
 tuberculosis. The purpose of 
 breathing is to take in oxygen 
 to purify the blood. Air is the 
 most valuable thing in the 
 world — yet we value it the least. 
 We can live for days without 
 anything else, without even 
 food or water, but we can't live 
 
 [ one hundred and three ]
 
 THE RULE OF FOUR 
 
 even a few minutes without 
 air. The more pure air we 
 breathe into our lungs the more 
 blood we purify, and pure blood 
 is the river of life. 
 
 2. Eat and drink right. Bat 
 
 only food that nourishes the 
 body and eat only enough to 
 keep well and strong. Nearly 
 every one over-eats and under- 
 breathes. If we under-ate and 
 over-breathed we would be 
 better off. "We should leave 
 the dining-table still hungry. 
 "Whenever you feel that you 
 want "just another piece" call a 
 halt. Avoid rich foods. Eat 
 little pastry. Drink only water 
 — and plenty of it — remember 
 the strength of the lion, which 
 drinks nothing but water. If 
 we never drink coffee, or tea, or 
 
 [ one hundred and four 1
 
 WANAMAKER— ORIGINATOR 
 
 liquor, we will never feel the 
 need of stimulants. 
 
 3. Work right; rest right; play 
 
 right. If you work with your 
 hands all day long — do physical 
 labor — you will want to rest 
 your body in the evening, and 
 your play and recreation will 
 then be mental. Read or hear 
 a good lecture or listen to some 
 good music, or have a good talk 
 with some one who knows more 
 than you — we learn by associ- 
 ating with people who are our 
 mental superiors.' 
 
 If your labor has been men- 
 tal — if you have been sitting at 
 a desk all day — your play and 
 rest should be physical. Take 
 exercise. Play ball or tennis 
 or golf, or ride horse-back — 
 
 [ one hundred and five ]
 
 THE RULE OF FOUR 
 
 or chop wood for your mother 
 — anything that will exercise 
 your body and keep you in the 
 open air. 
 
 Many great men who 
 worked all day mentally formed 
 the habit of doing physical la- 
 bor as rest. President James 
 Madison had a cabinet shop 
 where he would make tables 
 and chairs when he became 
 mind-weary. Gladstone, to rest 
 his brain and exercise his body, 
 would go out into the woods 
 and chop down trees. 
 
 Rest and play go together. 
 Rest does not merely mean 
 going to sleep. Sleep is rest, 
 but so is play. Any change of 
 occupation is rest. 
 
 Playing right is the same 
 as exercising right. All exer- 
 
 [ one hundred and six ]
 
 WANAMAKER— ORIGINATOR 
 
 cise is play — is recreation — if 
 properly taken. Those who 
 have not time for out-door 
 sports should take systematic 
 exercise in their own homes 
 when they arise in the morning. 
 Ten minutes is enough time 
 for this, if the exercise is taken 
 every day. 
 
 4. Keep the body clean and pure 
 
 — inside and out. Bathe every 
 morning when you get up — in 
 water the same temperature as 
 the air in the room. Some peo- 
 ple get good results from cold 
 baths, but not every one can 
 stand a cold bath. Cold air in 
 your sleeping-room and a cold 
 bath are both tonics — very good, 
 indeed, if your system is accus- 
 tomed to them. 
 
 5. Do not abuse the body — with 
 
 [ one hundred and seven ]
 
 THE RULE OF FOUR 
 
 over-eating, over-drinking,over- 
 work, over-rest (laziness) or 
 excesses of any kind. The best 
 guide is your feelings. If you 
 fell well and strong and in good 
 spirits, you are taking proper 
 care of your body. If you feel 
 sick and tired and sleepy and 
 weak or out of sorts generally, 
 take strict note at once of your 
 manner of living, for you are 
 doing something you ought not 
 to do or you are failing to do 
 something you ought to do. A 
 few minutes' thought about 
 your mode of life will usually 
 tell you what is wrong. If your 
 own inspection will not tell 
 you, consult a good physician 
 who will put you on the right 
 track again. 
 
 [ one hundred and eight ]
 
 WANAMAKER— ORIGINATOR 
 
 6. Dorit worry ; dont fear ; have 
 faith ; think good and cheerf til thoughts. 
 
 The mind lias great power 
 over the body — as we shall show 
 in a later chapter. Thought 
 has great influence on health 
 and strength. It is absolutely 
 true that to keep well and strong 
 we must think good, pure, cheer- 
 ful thoughts, and we must 
 banish from our minds all 
 worry and fear. 
 
 Fear is the highway rob- 
 ber that waits for us 'round the 
 corner and sandbags us into 
 inaction. 
 
 Worry is the second-story 
 thief who steals away our 
 brains and strength and health 
 and will power. 
 
 If we are strong physically, 
 mentally and morally, there 
 
 [one hundred and nine ]
 
 THE RULE OF FOUR 
 
 will be no room for fear or 
 worry in our thoughts. We 
 will then have faith — faith in 
 ourselves, faith in our fellow- 
 beings, faith in the work we 
 are doing, and faith that law 
 rules the Universe and that we 
 will keep well and strong and 
 become successful if we but 
 live in accord with natural 
 laws. If we obey Nature's laws 
 first, we need never worry about 
 human laws. 
 
 So, you see, the way to keep 
 good and cheerful thoughts in 
 your mind is to keep your body 
 well and strong; and one help 
 toward keeping your body well 
 and strong is to think good and 
 cheerful thoughts. Bad habits 
 come from bad thoughts. The 
 
 [ one hundred and ten ]
 
 WANAMAKER— ORIGINATOR 
 
 thought comes before the habit. 
 So if we keep bad thoughts out 
 of our minds, we keep our bod- 
 ies from falling into bad habits. 
 And if we keep bad thoughts 
 out of our minds, good thoughts 
 will enter; for the mind, when 
 awake, is always filled with 
 thoughts of some kind — it is 
 never a blank. 
 
 And now we come to the 
 last rule for keeping the body 
 well and strong; and that is: 
 
 6. Sleep the sleep of Health. 
 
 What is this sort of sleep? 
 "Well, it is not fitful sleep ; not 
 sleep with bad dreams; nor is 
 it too much sleep. It is the 
 sleep that tired Nature demands 
 and takes if you but give her 
 the opportunity. 
 
 Fitful sleep comes from 
 
 [ one hundred and eleven ]
 
 THE RULE OF FOUR 
 
 either worry, fear, an excited 
 mental state, too much exercise, 
 over-eating, over-drinking, or 
 bad ventilation. 
 
 Sleep with bad dreams 
 comes either from overloading 
 the stomach or from having 
 disobeyed some other of Na- 
 ture's laws, or from high mental 
 excitement. 
 
 Too much sleep comes from 
 laziness — and begets laziness. 
 
 The right sort of sleep is 
 the kind that you don't know 
 you are taking. You j us t " drop 
 off to sleep" about 9 or 10 o'clock 
 at night and wake fully re- 
 freshed about 6 or 7 in the 
 morning, not knowing how the 
 miracle of the re-creating of 
 the body and mind has been 
 accomplished. This is the sleep 
 
 [ one hundred and twelve ]
 
 WANAMAK£R=ORIGINATOR 
 
 of the healthful and the strong, 
 who do each day's duties by day 
 and rest peacefully by night. 
 Sleep is the time when the 
 waste tissues of the body, thrown 
 off in the wear and tear of the 
 day, are renewed and built up 
 again with new life and vigor. 
 Sleep, therefore, of the right 
 kind, is absolutely necessary to 
 health and strength. 
 
 And now, if you have fol- 
 lowed the rules of Health here 
 laid down — not by the writer, 
 but by Nature herself — you 
 will have this peaceful, invigo- 
 rating sleep to-night, and wake 
 fully refreshed to-morrow, 
 ready for another hard, though 
 pleasant, day's work. 
 
 [ one hundred and thirteen ]
 
 CHAPTER III 
 
 "With All My MIND" 
 
 Robert Grayson was the 
 strongest boy in the neighbor- 
 hood. He could run farther, 
 swim faster, play foot-ball bet- 
 ter, than any of the twenty 
 other boys with whom he asso- 
 ciated. He was not overgrown, 
 but he took good care of him- 
 self physically, and his muscles 
 were all splendidly developed 
 and responded to every call he 
 made upon them. 
 
 "Robert? said his father one 
 day, "how would yoti like to go to West 
 Point — the Military A cademy ? There s 
 a vacancy to be Ji I led and I think I can 
 get the appointment for you ." 
 
 "Great/" said Robert ; "that suits 
 me to a T. I can ride horse and 
 
 [ one hundred and fourteen ]
 
 WANAMAKER— ORIGINATOR 
 
 march and drill and shoot — now, yotc 
 see, Daddy, I didnt give too much time 
 to play and sports, did I, for now I can 
 pass the physical examination easily? 
 
 "Yes? answered his father, 
 
 "but there is a mental examination to 
 pass, and you zvill have to get down to 
 hard study" 
 
 Bobby's jaw dropped, but 
 he was courageous, and he made 
 up his mind he would study 
 hard. 
 
 He started well, but, alas! 
 for his good intentions, he 
 began studying too late — and 
 on the day after his mental 
 examination came a letter to 
 his father, and the only word 
 Bobby could read in it was the 
 black word FAILED. 
 
 And then Robert Grayson 
 learned the lesson that every 
 
 [ one hundred and fifteen ]
 
 THE RULE OF FOUR 
 
 boy and girl, every man and 
 woman must learn — that strength 
 of body is not enough to win true suc- 
 cess (unless your ambition is to 
 become a prize-fighter), but that 
 
 to a healthful and strong body must be 
 hitched a well, filly-developed and 
 strong MIND. 
 
 We often see a big, strong 
 horse pulling a load along the 
 street. A fine specimen of 
 physical development. But 
 that is only brute strength. 
 Note the reins that go to the 
 horse's mouth — they represent 
 the intellect of man that con- 
 trols and guides the brute 
 strength. And unless you wish 
 to be driven and directed in 
 your labors through life, like 
 the poor dumb (but strong) 
 horse ; unless you want to have 
 
 [ one hundred and sixteen ]
 
 WANAMAKER— ORIGINATOR 
 
 reins on your head and a bit in 
 your mouth, and have some 
 other man drive and, it may be, 
 cruelly whip you on — why, 
 then, if you would avoid this, 
 develop your MIND as you develop 
 your Body. Make your mind big 
 and strong. For your mind 
 — the power of thought — is what 
 lifts you above the level of the 
 dumb animal. 
 
 Mind is located in the phys- 
 ical brain. Just what the 
 intellect is and how it works 
 we do not know. Whether the 
 size of the brain, the shape, or 
 the color makes the mind strong 
 matters little. The important 
 
 point is : the Mind can be developed, 
 strengthened, enlarged. And there 
 is great hope in this. For 
 accident of birth or of our 
 
 [ one hundred and seventeen ]
 
 THE RULE OF FOUR 
 
 surroundings (environment) 
 counts for little when a Lin- 
 coln can become President of 
 the United States, a Franklin 
 can develop one of the best all- 
 around intellects of any age, or 
 a boy like Girard, thrown upon 
 his own resources in a foreign 
 country at the age of 14, 
 can amass a million dollars 
 honestly. 
 
 Every healthful boy has a 
 sound Brain and Mind and 
 Intellect (call it by either name) 
 that with proper personal effort 
 can be developed into a great 
 THOUGHT- FACTORY— and 
 
 Thought rttles the world. 
 
 Where do Thoughts come 
 from? 
 
 Apparently out of the air 
 — out of the Nowhere into Here. 
 
 [ one hundred and eighteen ]
 
 WANAMAKER— ORIGINATOR 
 
 But Thought is really not 
 so mysterious as this. Thoughts 
 come only through five gates — 
 all knowledge conies practically 
 through these five gates. And 
 these Gates are our five physical 
 senses — Seeing, Hearing, Tasting, 
 Touching and Smelling. There are 
 four other senses — minor senses 
 — like the sense of weight, of 
 temperature, of thirst and 
 hunger — but these depend upon 
 the five great senses and need 
 not be considered here. 
 
 The sense of SIGHT is the 
 widest gate of the five. Through 
 this gate comes the greater part 
 of all. knowledge. The blind 
 man is the hardest stricken of 
 all cripples, and yet even a 
 blind man can become Senator 
 of the United States — as Senator 
 
 [ one hundred and nineteen ]
 
 THE RULE OF FOUR 
 
 Gore has become. This proves 
 not that Sight is unnecessary 
 to success, but that the other 
 four senses — the other four 
 gates — are wide open, too, to let 
 in useful knowledge. 
 
 Through the sense of Sight 
 we observe, we learn Nature, we 
 study books, we get sensations 
 and form images in our minds — 
 IMAGES, which are the phys- 
 ical beginning of thoughts, 
 leading on to concepts, ideas, 
 laws and principles. 
 
 In the same way, the Gate 
 of HEARING admits much 
 useful knowledge; an,d the 
 Gates of TOUCH, of SMELL 
 and of TASTE. All these gates 
 must be kept open if we would 
 develop our minds to the 
 
 [ one hundred and twenty ]
 
 WANAMAKER— ORIGINATOR 
 
 utmost. And these physical 
 senses must be sharpened, 
 developed and strengthened. 
 
 Do you realize that you can 
 train your power of observation 
 — through the eyes? Try the 
 simple game of having an 
 "Observation Party." Place 
 two dozen different articles on 
 the table. Let each guest 
 observe them for a minute or 
 two and then go into an adjoin- 
 ing room and write down on a 
 slip of paper what was on the 
 table. You will be surprised to 
 find how few things we really 
 SEE, until we begin to train 
 our sense of sight, our power 
 of observation. 
 
 Similar tests may be made 
 of our sense of Hearing, of 
 Smell, of Taste, of Touch — 
 
 [ one hundred and twenty-one ]
 
 THE RULE OF FOUR 
 
 showing that all these may be 
 trained and strengthened and 
 developed. 
 
 This "sensing" of things — ■ 
 taking in knowledge through 
 the gateways of our senses — is 
 one part of education. It is the 
 gathering of the merchandise. 
 It is the harvesting of the crops. 
 Now, when we have our store- 
 house or granary (our brain) 
 packed pretty full (it is never 
 absolutely full — there is always 
 room there for more knowledge !) 
 we must arrange our knowledge 
 (like sorting goods) so that we 
 can use it when we wish. Some 
 brains are filled with knowl- 
 edge, but it is disorganized — like 
 some badly kept stocks of 
 merchandise — and the owner 
 never can find the right infor- 
 
 [ one hundred and twenty-two ]
 
 WANAMAKER— ORIGINATOR 
 
 mation when he wants it. 
 Knowledge is good only when 
 it is organized. And so 
 organized knowledge is called 
 
 Wisdom. 
 
 Information that we take 
 in through our physical senses 
 is useful only when we can 
 remember it — that is true, isn't 
 it? So, while training our 
 physical senses to become 
 acute we must also train our 
 MEMORY. 
 
 Why do we remember some 
 things and forget others? 
 Simply because we were interested 
 in the thing we remembered 
 and not interested in the thing 
 we forgot. When we are 
 interested in a thing we give 
 it our attention — we concentrate 
 our mind upon it. So that 
 
 [ one hundred and twenty-three ]
 
 THE RULE OF FOUR 
 
 ATTENTION and CON- 
 CENTRATION form the 
 secret of remembering. 
 
 Attention is merely fixing 
 our minds intently on a thing. 
 
 Concentration is simply 
 prolonged attention. 
 
 When we give strict atten- 
 tion to something we are reading 
 and concentrate our minds upon 
 it, pushing out of the mind 
 all other thoughts, we will pack 
 away in our storehouse the 
 knowledge we are thus acquir- 
 ing, and we can recall it at any 
 time. Better to read little, but 
 read that little attentively, 
 than to read much slovenly, 
 without concentration, skip- 
 ping over it in a lazy sort of 
 fashion. Reading newspapers 
 and nothing else harms the 
 
 [ one hundred and twenty-four ]
 
 WAN AMAKER— ORIGINATOR 
 
 memory, because we do not ex- 
 pect to remember much of 
 what we read in the newspaper 
 — it isn't worth remembering. 
 But reading good books is an 
 aid to memory, because we feel 
 the importance and advantage 
 of what we are reading — we are 
 stocking our minds with useful knowl- 
 edge and we wish to remember it. 
 
 Good health is also an aid 
 to memory — a strong, healthful 
 boy or girl will remember more 
 than a weak and sickly child. 
 
 ]STow, after we have taken 
 into our minds, through our 
 senses, this useful information, 
 and packed it away so that our 
 memory can recall it, when 
 wanted — what are we going to 
 do with it? Are we simply 
 going to remember that a horse 
 
 [ one hundred and twenty-five ]
 
 THE RULE OF FOUR 
 
 is big and has four legs, because 
 our sight told us this and our 
 memory now reminds us of the 
 fact ? No, we wouldn't get very 
 far in life if this were all we 
 did with the knowledge we 
 acquire and remember. 
 
 "We must take one more 
 step — and that is: set our 
 IMAGINATION to work. The 
 imagination builds air-castles, 
 yes, and builds in our minds 
 all sorts of fantastic figures; 
 yes, but the imagination we are 
 talking about is constructive imag- 
 ination — the union of thoughts 
 into ideas and judgments, and 
 laws and principles. This kind 
 of imagination is the Architect 
 of the mind. 
 
 Instead of merely remem- 
 bering that the horse is big and 
 
 f one hundred and twenty-six ]
 
 WANAMAKER— ORIGINATOR 
 
 has four legs, imagine, please, 
 what would happen if he would 
 use those four legs as you use 
 your two legs — he could prob- 
 ably run faster, couldn't he? 
 And if he is strong, he might 
 carry you on his back — don't 
 you think so ? Well, there you 
 have arrived at an IDEA — and 
 you jump on his back, say "get 
 up ! " and away you go — you have 
 discovered a new aid to man — the beast 
 of burden that relieves us of much of 
 otcr work. 
 
 Suppose you are dusting 
 off the stock on the counter and 
 hear a customer ask for a cer- 
 tain kind of goods that you 
 know is in the stock-room 
 (because you saw it there a few 
 minutes ago and remembered that 
 you saw it), but the clerk says: 
 
 [ one hundred and twenty-seven ]
 
 THE RULE OF FOUR 
 
 ''No, madam, I am sorry, zve haverft 
 that in stocky Are you content 
 with just remembering? No; 
 you set your imagination at 
 work and say to yourself: "If I 
 
 dont tell about these goods, the store 
 will lose a sale and the customer wtll 
 be dissatisfied" — and you walk up 
 to the clerk and say aloud : "The 
 
 goods wanted are tip in the stock-room ; 
 I will go and get them!' 
 
 We rarely think without 
 using our imagination, so you 
 see how important is this part 
 of the mind. By constructive 
 imagination is meant that 
 which builds up useful ideas — not 
 the dreamy, harum-scarum 
 false imagination that an 
 insane or drunken person has. 
 
 By using the imagination 
 and by uniting thoughts and 
 
 [ one hundred and twenty-eight ]
 
 WANAMAKER— ORIGINATOR 
 
 ideas we REASON and form 
 JUDGMENTS — and sound 
 judgment is one of the greatest 
 assets in business. 
 
 To form sound judgment 
 we must first have all the facts, 
 we must then weigh these facts 
 and compare them, we must 
 then free otir minds of all prejudice, 
 and then, after taking enough 
 time to consider, we will form 
 a sound judgment. 
 
 Bad judgments are only of 
 three kinds: 1 — hasty judgment 
 (when we do not take enough 
 time to compare and weigh the 
 
 facts) ; 2 — mistaken judgment (when 
 
 we do not have all the facts in 
 the case — do not see all sides 
 of the subject — or when our 
 physical senses are defective); 
 
 [ one hundred and twenty-nine ]
 
 THE RULE OF FOUR 
 
 j 
 
 3 — prejudiced judgment (when we 
 
 become biased, one way or 
 another, through our feelings. 
 Good judgment, of course, 
 conies from experience, but 
 experience, you have seen, is 
 only the taking in of knowledge 
 through the senses and remem- 
 bering that knowledge. So that 
 the boy or girl who trains the 
 senses and trains the memory 
 will gain experience faster than 
 those who do not train the 
 senses or memory. In this way 
 we can grow experienced, even 
 while yet young in years. And 
 experienced men and women, 
 with good judgment and imag- 
 ination, always command good 
 places in business, whether they 
 are young or old in years. 
 
 Thinking, remembering, imagin- 
 
 [ one hundred and thirty ]
 
 WANAMAKER— ORIGINATOR 
 
 < 
 
 ing — these are the faculties of 
 the mind we use every day in 
 life — and when we develop 
 these, we do things "with all our 
 minds! 9 We must observe, we 
 must give strict attention to 
 what is going on around us, we 
 must study books and goods 
 and people, giving close atten- 
 tion to what we are doing, and 
 in this way we take in useful 
 knowledge through our five 
 physical senses. Then, by re- 
 membering that knowledge, 
 and by thinking, reflecting and 
 imagining, we create ideas of 
 our own and grow in Wisdom. 
 
 But good health and 
 physical strength are great aids 
 in developing the mind. The 
 mind thinks, remembers and 
 
 [ one hundred and thirty-one ]
 
 THE RULE OF FOUR 
 
 imagines better when the body 
 is strong than when it is sickly. 
 Now, we have developed a 
 strong boy or girl, both physi- 
 cally and mentally, but this is 
 not enough to make the full- 
 rounded man or woman — as we 
 shall see in the next chapter. 
 
 [ one hundred and thirty-two ]
 
 CHAPTER IV 
 
 "With All My HEART" 
 
 A playmate of Johnnie's 
 and of Robert's, about whom 
 you have read in former chap- 
 ters, was William Jary — a great, 
 big, husky lad, as bright in mind 
 as he was strong in body. 
 
 But " Billy," as the boys 
 called him, had few real friends. 
 He was always bullyragging 
 the smaller boys, saying mean 
 things to the girls — and often 
 was heard to speak crossly to 
 his mother, who was an invalid. 
 
 I wonder how many of my 
 readers can tell me what was 
 wrong with this William Jary ? 
 
 His HEART was bad — you 
 have guessed it the first time. 
 Maybe we had better say: "Ms 
 
 [ one hundred and thirty-three ]
 
 THE RULE OF FOUR 
 
 heart was wrong" we then give him 
 a chance to right it; for no heart 
 is wholly bad, and I am sorry 
 to say no heart is wholly good. 
 The HEART is the seat of 
 Character. Not the physical 
 heart, perhaps, that pumps the 
 blood through our bodies, but 
 the Heart that we mean when 
 
 we say: "he put his heart into his 
 work" — or "that woman has a good 
 heart" — or "that boy has a stout heart, 
 he helps his mother pttt the house in 
 order when other boys are playing" — or 
 'with all my heart I will serve the 
 
 public" and other common ex- 
 pressions of the same nature. 
 
 "As a ma n thinketh in his 
 
 HEAR T, so is he" wrote Solomon 
 centuries ago — and the state- 
 ment is absolutely true to-day. 
 The HEART, as we use 
 the term, is the seat of the 
 
 [ one hundred and thirty-four ]
 
 WANAMAKER— ORIGINATOR 
 
 feelings. ' Yotcr Heart warms toward 
 another boy" — means that you feel 
 kindly toward him, you like 
 
 him. ' Your Heart is chilled with 
 fear" — means, you feel afraid. 
 "Your Heart is brave" — means, you 
 feel courageous. 
 
 Our hearts yfe/ a truth often 
 when our minds do not know 
 the truth. A child's instinct 
 (heart) can often be trusted, 
 when choosing a companion, 
 when perhaps her father's knowl- 
 edge of that companion might 
 be a false guide. 
 
 So that to develop the boy 
 or girl into the full -rounded 
 man or woman it is absolutely 
 essential that the HEART be 
 fully developed in its good 
 qualities. The HEART is one 
 of the four segments that make 
 
 [ one hundred and thirty-five ]
 
 THE RULE OF FOUR 
 
 up the full-rounded and com- 
 plete being which Nature 
 intended us all to be. 
 
 What are these good 
 qualities of the Heart that we 
 must develop? 
 
 Well, LOVE is a good one 
 to write down first, for we 
 begin life with great love for 
 our parents, and we know and 
 feel what love is. The great 
 pity is that we should ever 
 lose this love of the heart that we 
 are born with, for it „ helps 
 mightily in making a man or 
 woman successful in any walk 
 of life. 
 
 From love comes SYM- 
 PATHY— a great quality of 
 the heart. 
 
 From love come COUR- 
 TESY and POLITENESS and 
 
 [ one hundred and thirty-six ]
 
 WANAMAKER— ORIGINATOR 
 
 KINDNESS and CHEER- 
 FULNESS and a host of other 
 good qualities that help in 
 business, because no one can 
 succeed in business who is rude 
 (the absence of courtesy and 
 politeness) who is cruel (the 
 absence of kindness) who is 
 grumpy and in bad humor 
 (the absence of cheerfulness). 
 So, you see, by keeping that 
 LOVE in our hearts which our 
 mothers gave us we have made 
 a great beginning in life and 
 hold in reserve a great power 
 when difficulties arise. 
 
 From the HEART also 
 comes CONSCIENCE — the 
 rudder that, kept true and 
 straight, guides us in every- 
 thing we do. 
 
 From the HEART come 
 FAITH and HOPE— two great 
 
 [ one hundred and thirty-seven ]
 
 THE RULE OF FOUR 
 
 elements of success in business. 
 Suppose you did not have faith, 
 in the public, you wouldn't 
 keep store long, would you? 
 Suppose you did not have faith 
 in the goods you are asked to 
 sell, you wouldn't sell many, 
 would you ? Suppose you did 
 not have faith in the firm that 
 employed you, could you do 
 good work ? And suppose you 
 did not have faith in yourself 
 — but that is too great a calam- 
 ity to think about! You see, 
 though, how far-reaching is 
 FAITH. 
 
 Hope is next door to faith 
 — and right here we may as 
 well write these three sentences 
 on our hearts : 
 
 To look up — not down — 
 that is FAITH. 
 
 [ one hundred and thirty-eight ]
 
 WANAMAKER— ORIGINATOR 
 
 To look ahead — not back — 
 that is HOPE. 
 
 To look out — not in — that 
 is LOVE. 
 
 Faith, Hope and Love make 
 lis optimists (those who look upon 
 the bright side of things) in- 
 stead of pessimists (those who 
 look upon the dark side of life) 
 — and optimism makes us all 
 better business boys and girls, 
 men and women. 
 
 From our HEART also 
 comes our sense of DUTY — 
 which keeps us at work in work 
 hours and makes us happy at 
 play in play hours, because we 
 have the feeling that we have 
 done our duty. 
 
 From our HEARTS also 
 comes the DESIRE for greater 
 
 [ one hundred and thirty-nine ]
 
 THE RULE OF FOUR 
 
 things, which leads to AMBI- 
 TION, without which no boy 
 or girl ever becomes successful 
 in business. 
 
 From our HEARTS also 
 comes EARNESTNESS; also 
 conies COURAGE; also comes 
 LOYALTY; also comes REV- 
 ERENCE— all of which must 
 be developed and sustained all 
 through life. 
 
 And from the HEART 
 come these four virtues — four 
 links in the chain of success 
 that dare never break if we are 
 to hold on to the better things 
 of life. 
 
 1. PURITY— of body and 
 mind and heart. 
 
 2. TEMPERANCE — in 
 our living — in our eating and 
 drinking ; in our words and in 
 
 [ one hundred and forty ]
 
 WANAMAKER— ORIGINATOR 
 
 our thoughts. The temperate 
 man never over-eats, never 
 over-drinks, never over-states, 
 never over-does anything. 
 
 3. HONESTY— of word 
 and deed and purpose — which 
 makes us SINCERE and 
 STRAIGHTFORWARD in all 
 we do and say and think. 
 
 4. TRUTHFULNESS— in 
 our words and in our actions — 
 the truth, the whole truth, and 
 nothing but the truth. Half- 
 truths are half -lies, remember. 
 And the liar never succeeds in 
 business. 
 
 And now you probably 
 think you have read a Sunday- 
 school lesson. But it is a 
 BUSINESS LESSON that all 
 successful business men and 
 women must learn — that unless 
 
 [ one hundred and forty-one ]
 
 THE RULE OF FOUR 
 
 we do our work "with all our 
 HEART" and keep our heart 
 true and just and honest and 
 kind and brave, we will never 
 become as successful as we 
 might become with our natural 
 endowments and our opportu- 
 nities. 
 
 No two people have the 
 same strength of body, the same 
 force of mind, the same qualities 
 of heart, but no one knows to 
 what great POWER he can 
 develop himself until he tries. 
 And success, after all, does not 
 mean wonderful achievement ; 
 but merely the development to 
 the utmost of our natural gifts 
 of body, of mind and of heart, 
 according to the environment 
 into which we are born or are 
 placed. So be not discouraged 
 
 [ one hundred and forty-two ]
 
 WANAMAKER— ORIGINATOR 
 
 at failure, but get up and try 
 again. Grant was a failure at 
 40; a few years later he was 
 President of the United States. 
 Franklin did not have the 
 advantages that we have, yet 
 he became the greatest man of 
 his time. 
 
 [ one hundred and forty-three ]
 
 CHAPTER V 
 
 "With All My WILL" 
 
 You have now read, Boys 
 and Girls, how Johnnie failed 
 to save his mother through lack 
 of physical strength. And you 
 have seen how a STRONG 
 MAN (strong in muscle and 
 brawn) did save her. 
 
 You have learned also how 
 you can make your bodies 
 strong by breathing deeply of 
 pure air, by eating and drink- 
 ing temperately, by working, 
 exercising, playing, resting and 
 sleeping properly, and by 
 thinking pure, good, cheerful 
 thoughts and ridding your 
 minds of fear and worry 
 
 You have also been told 
 that we learn by taking in 
 
 [ one hundred and forty-four ]
 
 WANAMAKER— ORIGINATOR 
 
 knowledge through our phys- 
 ical senses, and that by 
 thinking, remembering and 
 imagining (building thoughts 
 together) we develop our minds, 
 and that knowledge when 
 organized grows into wisdom. 
 
 Taking one more step, you 
 have learned that Character 
 comes from the Heart, and that 
 Character or Reliability is abso- 
 lutely necessary to success in 
 any walk of life. 
 
 You have also seen how a 
 healthful, strong body helps to 
 make a strong mind, how a 
 strong, well-developed mind 
 helps to make a strong body, 
 and how both a strong body and 
 a strong mind help to make a 
 strong, reliable character. 
 
 But there is still another 
 power within us — as great as 
 
 [ one hundred and forty-five ]
 
 THE RULE OF FOUR 
 
 any we have yet mentioned — 
 without which no one can have 
 a strong body, a strong mind 
 or a strong character — and that 
 power is the WILL. Take your 
 hats off to the HUMAN WILL, 
 Boys and Girls, for the WILL 
 is BOSS. 
 
 Imagine, please (and here 
 is a good chance to set your 
 imagination at work), the 
 strongest boy or girl in the 
 neighborhood, who is also the 
 strongest mentally, who is also 
 the strongest in heart — in 
 character — and yet he or she 
 may be lagging behind the 
 others in school or business. 
 Why? Because the WILL is not 
 developed. 
 
 Such boys or girls, when 
 Mother calls in the morning, 
 
 [ one hundred and forty-six ]
 
 WANAMAKER— ORIGINATOR 
 
 turn over and go to sleep; 
 when school opens they are yet 
 eating breakfast; when some 
 one asks them to run an errand 
 the reply comes: "In a minute* 1 
 Boys and girls without 
 strong WILLS are always 
 
 getting ready to begin to do something, 
 but they never DO it — or they 
 do it TOO LATE. 
 
 You have often seen a great 
 panting locomotive in the rail- 
 road station. Strongly built, 
 with intelligence in every bolt 
 and bar that makes it complete, 
 ready to perform a great service 
 for the waiting passengers — yet 
 it is only an inert bulk, until 
 
 the engineer opens the throttle and sets 
 it in ACTION. 
 
 IN ACTION— that is the 
 only state in which we are 
 
 [ one hundred and forty-seven ]
 
 THE RULE OF FOUR 
 
 worth our salt. We may be 
 never so strong in body and 
 never so learned, we may have 
 the character and reliability of 
 Lincoln, but unless we get into 
 action by using our WILL we 
 achieve absolutely nothing. 
 
 Yes, the Will is BOSS. We 
 can't move our bodies unless 
 we will to do so. If we would 
 study hard or work hard we 
 must first will to do so. 
 
 Our Will is really ourselves. 
 John is just as strong as John's 
 will is strong. Mary is just as 
 strong as Mary's will is strong. 
 
 Will is the great force back 
 of both Self-control (restraint of 
 our passions and false desires, 
 etc.) and of Personal Efort (the 
 positive side of our natures). 
 
 [ one hundred and forty-eight ]
 
 WANAMAKER— ORIGINATOR 
 
 Will plus Imagination 
 (imagination, you remember, is 
 the architect of the mind) is 
 INITIATIVE. And initiative 
 is doing the right thing at the 
 right time, without being told. 
 
 What a great power in 
 business is initiative ! It is abso- 
 lutely true, Boys and Girls, that 
 your value to your employer 
 depends exactly upon what you 
 can do without Supervision. When 
 some one else must tell you 
 what to do and must watch 
 that you do it, your services are 
 not valuable. But when you 
 reach the point of "taking hold 
 of things" yourself, and of 
 executing them — of DOING 
 THINGS— then you will find 
 the money in your pay-envelope 
 
 [one hundred and forty-nine ]
 
 THE RULE OF FOUR 
 
 largely increased. And this 
 power to do THINGS YOUR- 
 SELF, wzt hotel being told, is 
 INITIATIVE— and initiative 
 comes largely from the WILL. 
 You see the value, then, to your- 
 self of developing a strong will. 
 
 Be prompt. Be on time in 
 the mornings. Be prompt to 
 obey. Have a spring in your 
 step when some one asks you 
 to do something — don't slouch 
 along. 
 
 Be orderly. If you have a 
 desk, keep it clean and in order. 
 If you haven't a desk, keep the 
 desk of your boss clean and 
 orderly. 
 
 Keep yourself clean and 
 neat, your hair brushed, your 
 teeth clean, your nails in order 
 
 [ one hundred and fifty ]
 
 WANAMAKER— ORIGINATOR 
 
 and your shoes polished. All 
 this is part of your will-power. 
 If you will to do these things, 
 you will do them. 
 
 The Will is like a judge in 
 the courts. From the Mind it 
 hears the facts in the case (as a 
 judge hears them from the wit- 
 nesses); from the Heart it feels 
 the emotional side of the case 
 (as a judge hears the lawyer's 
 plea for mercy for the prisoner); 
 and then, with all the facts in 
 hand, the Will, as supreme 
 judge, must decide the case and 
 give the order of judgment. 
 
 The Will is often the um- 
 pire between our mind and our 
 heart. Sometimes we feel like 
 staying away from business 
 and attending a base-ball game. 
 
 [ one hundred and fifty-one ]
 
 THE RULE OF FOUR 
 
 Our mind says : "No, that will not 
 be right" Our heart says : " Yes, 
 the game will be enjoyable!' Right 
 here steps in our Will and says 
 NO — sides with the mind and 
 makes a majority of 2 to 1, 
 
 14 But how shall I train my will? r 
 
 you ask. 
 
 By exercising it; by using it; 
 
 by making yourself do dis- 
 agreeable things. 
 
 "When you go to turn over 
 in bed in the morning when 
 mother calls, say to your- 
 self: " NO, I will not go to steep 
 again" — and GET UP at once. 
 Your will makes you get up. 
 
 When some one offers you 
 a cigarette, say "NO" — your 
 will again will save you. 
 
 Force yourself to take a 
 
 [ one hundred and fifty-two ]
 
 WANAMAKER— ORIGINATOR 
 
 bath when you don't feel like 
 taking it ; force yourself to take 
 a walk when you don't feel 
 like taking it. 
 
 Deny yourself sweets. Put 
 your money in bank when you 
 feel like spending it. 
 
 Soon you will find your 
 Will growing stronger and it 
 will be easier to make your 
 decisions. 
 
 A strong will largely de- 
 pends upon a healthful body, a 
 vigorous mind and a good heart 
 — for all these four quarters of 
 a full-rounded man or woman 
 are inter-dependent — one 
 depends upon the other — the 
 Body, the Mind, the Heart and 
 the Will. Strengthen and de- 
 velop them all and we become 
 strong men and women. 
 
 [ one hundred and fifty-three ]
 
 CHAPTER VI 
 
 Conclusion 
 
 And now you have read 
 the A, B, C's of right living. 
 You have seen that a whole 
 man or woman consists of 
 four parts: the Body, the Mind, 
 the Heart, the Will. You have 
 learned the various construc- 
 tive qualities that come from 
 each. And you have been told 
 in what way you can strengthen 
 the body, the mind, the heart 
 and the will. 
 
 With these A, B, C's you 
 can write your whole Book of 
 Life, just as the greatest liter- 
 ature is written from the 26 
 simple letters of the alphabet. 
 
 You have ambition, of 
 course. You have faith in 
 
 [ one hundred and fifty-four ]
 
 WANAMAKER— ORIGINATOR 
 
 yourself and the house you are 
 working with. You have hope 
 of getting along fast. And 
 you have health and strength 
 of body, or you would not be at 
 
 work. The important thing now is 
 to hold that strength of body and to 
 still more develop it. Then, to keep 
 open all your physical senses 
 that you may observe and learn; 
 to study hard, to work hard, to 
 keep both your body and your 
 mind clean, and your heart 
 pure. And finally, to set your 
 will at work and get into action. 
 The way to get into action 
 is to get into action — go and do 
 the thing. But if you cultivate 
 attention in business, you will 
 find this soon ripens into interest. 
 And then interest will change 
 
 [ one hundred and fifty-five ]
 
 THE RULE OF FOUR 
 
 into desire to do something, and 
 before you know it you are off 
 about your duties, doing the 
 right thing at the right time 
 — growing, developing, serving 
 the public better day by day. 
 
 And that is all we are in 
 business for — to serve the public. 
 This large granite building 
 — the new home of the 
 Wanamaker Store — was built 
 for SERVICE alone. The 
 founder of the business has 
 given his whole life to service. 
 Every one of this business 
 family, from the owner down 
 to the newest recruit, is here to 
 
 serve the public. 
 
 "I serve" is the grandest 
 motto any one can have. It 
 includes all the virtues of 
 body, mind and heart. In it 
 
 [ one hundred and fifty-six ]
 
 WANAMAKER— ORIGINATOR 
 
 are wrapped up all the con- 
 structive faculties that make 
 great men and women. For 
 selfishness is the one great sin. 
 The happiest people are those 
 who live for each other. The 
 successful men and women are 
 those who co-operate with one 
 another. For man cannot live 
 alone — neither can he work 
 successfully alone. 
 
 Work hard, study hard, 
 develop your powers of body, 
 mind, heart and will — but not 
 for selfish purposes. Do all 
 these things to make so7>ie one else 
 happy — your mother, your 
 father, your sister or brother — 
 and when you grow older, j^our 
 wife and children — then will 
 you be happy, then will you 
 win true success. 
 
 [ one hundred and fifty-seven ]
 
 Make this resolution today 
 
 -NOW: 
 
 I will do my full 
 
 DUTY 
 
 every day! 
 
 with all my Strength 
 
 with all niy Mind 
 
 with all my Heart 
 
 with all my Will
 
 JAMES ALLEN 
 
 To the Wanamaker Business Family : 
 
 "A man is literally what he thinks, his character 
 being the complete sum of all his thoughts. Let 
 a man radically alter his thoughts and he will be 
 astonished at the rapid transformation it will effect 
 in the material conditions of his life. Men imagine 
 that thought can be kept secret, but it cannot ; it 
 rapidly crystallizes into habit, and habit solidifies into 
 circumstances. Man is buffeted by circumstances so 
 long as he believes himself to be the creature of 
 outside condition, but when he realizes that he is 
 a creative power, and that he may command the 
 hidden soil and seeds of his being out of which 
 circumstances grow, he then becomes the rightful 
 master of himself. 
 
 " The Vision that you glorify in your Mind, 
 the Ideal that you enthrone in your Heart, this you 
 will build your life by, this you will become."
 
 •> 
 
 h
 
 w 
 
 1 
 
 >'/v 
 
 I 
 
 MM
 
 WANAMAKER 
 ORIGINATOR 
 
 How Boys and Girls 
 
 can develop 
 into full-rounded 
 
 Men and Women