CLASSIFIED LIST OF MEDICAL COLLEGES IN THE UNITED STATES PREPARED BY THE COUNCIL ON MEDICAL EDUCATION OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION (Revised to Jan. 15, 1913) 1913 Reprinted from The Journal of the American Medical Association January 18, 1918, pages 231 to 23h COUNCIL ON MEDICAL EDUCATION 535 DEARBORN AVE., CHICAGO A. D. BEVAN, CHAIRMAN . . . CHICAGO James W. Holland . . Philadelphia Victor C. Vaughan .... . ANN ARBOR George Dock . . . st. Louis w. D. Haggard . NASHVILLE N. P. Colwell, secretary . . . Chicago 13 VfS Z.T. Cw<\ ^ THIRD CLASSIFICATION OF MEDICAL COLLEGES OF THE UNITED STATES (Bevised to Jan. 15, 1913.) This classification was made following the third inspection of medical colleges by the Council on Medical Education, and is published in accordance with instructions from the House of Delegates of the American Medical Association. Basis of the Classification The following outline of the essentials of an acceptable medical college Was issued by the Council on Medical Educa- tion of the American Medical Association for its suggestive value in the rapid development in progress among the medical colleges in the United States. It also represents the basis on which medical colleges are rated in the Council’s classifica- tions. 1. A strict enforcement of all standards and requirements, the college itself to be held respopsible for any instances in which they are not enforced. 2. A requirement for admission of at least a four-year-high- school education superimposed on eight years of grammar school work as defined by the College Entrance Examination Board ( see schedule ) . 3. Beginning Jan. 1, 1914, the minimum requirement for admission will be enlarged to include at least one year’s college work in physics, chemistry and biology and a reading knowledge of at least one modern language besides English, preferably German or French. 4. A requirement that students be in actual attendance in the college within the first week of each annual session and thereafter. 5. That actual attendance at classes be insisted on except for good cause, such as for sickness, and that no credit be given under any circumstances for less than 80 per cent, of attendance on each course. 6. That advanced standing be granted only to students of other acceptable colleges and that in granting advanced stand- ing there shall be no discrimination against the college’s full- course students. Standard High-School Course SCHEDULE OF SUBJECTS OFFERED IN ACADEMIC AND SECONDARY SCHOOLS, CREDITS IN WHICH ARE ACCEPT- ABLE FOR ENTRANCE TO MEDICAL COLLEGES Based on the requirements of the College Entrance Examination Board. SUBJECTS UNIT ENGLISH Reading and Practice 2 Study and Practice 1 MATHEMATICS Algebra to Quadratics Algebra (Quadratic Equations, Binomial Theorem and Progres- sions) Plane Geometry Solid Geometry Trigonometry LATIN Grammar and Composition Caesar Cicero Virgil Cornelius Nepos Greek Grammar and Composition Xenophon Homer German Elementary Intermediate French Elementary Intermediate Spanish Elementary HISTORY United States History Greek and Roman History Medieval and Modern English SCIENCE f Botany and Zoology, each or Biology Chemistry Physics Physiography Physiology Drawing Music Appreciation Harmony 1 y 2 i y 2 y 2 i i i i i i i 1 2 1 2 1 2 1 1 1 1 y 2 i i i y 2 y 2 i i i REQUIRED. ELECTIVE. 2 1 Total 34 8 26 A unit is the credit value of 36 weeks’ work of 5 recitation periods per week, each recitation period to be of not less than 40 minutes. Required Branches: Of the 14 units of high-school work it is suggested that the subjects in capitals aggregating 8 units be required. Other work to the amount of at least 6 units may be made up from any of the other subjects of the above schedule. * Two units of Greek may be substituted for the two required units of Latin. ** A reading knowledge of German. French or other modern language is recommended in the high-school courses of students contemplating the study of medicine without higher preliminary qualifications. f It should be understood that each science course must include laboratory work. 3 7. Careful and intelligent supervision of the entire school by a dean or other executive officer who holds, and has sufficient authority to carry out, fair ideals of medical education as interpreted by modern demands. 8. A good system of records showing conveniently and in detail the credentials, attendance, grades and accounts of the students. 9. A fully graded course covering four years of at least 32 weeks each, exclusive of holidays, and at least 30 hours per week of actual work; this course should be clearly set forth in a carefully prepared and printed schedule of lectures and classes. 10. Two years of work consisting largely of laboratory work in thoroughly equipped laboratories in anatomy, histology, embryology, physiology, chemistry (inorganic, organic . and physiologic), bacteriology, pathology, pharmacology, thera- peutics and clinical diagnosis. 11. Two years of clinical work largely in hospitals and dispensaries, with thorough courses in internal medicine (including physical diagnosis, pediatrics, nervous and mental diseases), surgery (including surgical anatomy and operative surgery on the cadaver), obstetrics, gynecology, laryngology, rhinology, ophthalmology, otology, dermatology, hygiene and medical jurisprudence. 12. As soon as conditions warrant, a fifth undergraduate year should be required which should be spent by the student as an intern in an approved hospital. 13. At least six expert, thoroughly trained professors in the laboratory branches, salaried so that they may devote their entire time to instruction and to that research without which they cannot well keep up with the rapid progress being made in their subjects. These professors should have a definite respon- sibility in the conduct of the college, and their first and chief interest should be in the training of the medical students. There should also be a sufficient number of assistants in each department to look after the less important details. A sug- gested assignment of these instructors is (a) professor of anatomy, (b) professor of physiology, (c) professor of path- ology and bacteriology and (d) professor of physiologic chem- istry and pharmacology. The other two might .be associate or assistant professors and assigned one to the laboratory course in histology and embryology under the professor of. anatomy and the other to the department of pathology and bacteriology. 14. The medical teaching should be of at least the same degree of excellence as obtains in our recognized liberal arts colleges and technical schools. 15. The faculty should be thoroughly organized and, with a few allowable exceptions, should be made up of graduates of 4 institutions recognized as medical colleges and should have had a training in all departments of medicine. They should be appointed because of their ability as teachers and not because they happen to be on the attending staff of some hospital or for other like reasons. 16. The college should own or entirely control a hospital in order that students may come into close and extended contact with patients under the supervision of the attending staff. The hospital should have a sufficiently large number of patients to permit the student to see and study the common variety of surgical and medical cases as well as a fair number in each of the so-called specialties. 17. The college should have easily accessible hospital facil- ities of not less than 200 patients which can be utilized for clinical teaching (for senior classes of 100 students or less), these patients to represent in fair proportion all departments of medicine. 18. The college should have additional hospital facilities for children’s diseases, contagious diseases and nervous and mejital diseases. 19. Facilities for at least six maternity cases for each senior student, who should have actual charge of these cases under the supervision of the attending physician. Careful records of each case should be handed in by the student. 20. Facilities for at least 30 autopsies during each college session which are attended and can be participated in by senior students (for senior classes of 100 students or less). 21. A dispensary, or out-patient department, under the con- trol of the college, the attendance to be a daily average of 60 cases (for senior classes of 100 students or less), the patients to be carefully classified, good histories and records, of the patients to be kept and the material to be well used. 22. The college should have a working medical library to include the more modern text and reference books with the Index Medicus and 30 or more leading medical periodicals; the library room should be properly lighted and heated, and easily accessible to students during all cr the greater part of the day; it should be equipped with suitable tables and chairs, and have a librarian in charge. 23. A working medical museum having its various anatomic, embryologic, pathologic and other specimens carefully pre- pared, labeled and indexed so that any specimen may be easily found and employed for teaching purposes. It is suggested that so far as possible with each pathologic specimen coming from post-mortems there also be kept the record of the post- mortem, the clinical history of the patient on whom the autopsy was held and microscopic slides showing the minute structures of the disease shown in the gross specimen. 5 24. There should be sufficient dissecting material to enable each student individually to dissect at least the lateral half of the human cadaver; to provide cross-sections and other demon- stration material and to allow of a thorough course for each senior in operative surgery on the cadaver. 25. A supply of such useful auxiliary apparatus as a stere- opticon, a refiectoscope, carefully prepared charts, embryologic or other models, manikins, dummies for use in bandaging, a Eoentgen-ray and other apparatus now so generally used in medical teaching. 26. The college should show evidences of thorough organiza- tion and of reasonably modern methods in all departments and evidences that the equipment and facilities are being intelli- gently used in the training of medical students. 27. A clear statement of the college’s requirements for admission, tuition, time of attendance on the classes, sessions, courses offered and graduation should be clearly set forth, together with complete classified lists of its matriculants and latest graduating class in regular annual catalogues or announcements. DEFINITIONS OF A MEDICAL COLLEGE AND A MEDICAL SCHOOL “An institution to be ranked as a medical college 1 must have at least six (6) professors giving their entire time to medical work, a graded course of four full years of college grade in medicine, and must require for admission not less than the usual four years of academic or high-school prepara- tion, or its equivalent, in addition to the preacademic or gram- mar school studies.” By a medical school 2 as differentiated from a medical college is meant a part of a university requiring for admission the equivalent of two years of collegiate work and offering instruc- tion of not less than two years’ duration, leading to the degree of Doctor of Medicine. Grading of Medical Colleges In a similar manner as in the previous classifications, all medical colleges have been rated by the Council on Med- ical Education on a civil service basis on a scale of 1,000 points. The data relating to each college were grouped under ten general heads in such manner that the groups would have as nearly equal weight as possible, each group, allowing a 1. This definition of a college is based on that given in the revised ordinances of the state of New York. It has been adopted as a standard also by the Carnegie Foundation for the Advancement of Teaching. 2. Based on the definition of the term “school” adopted in 1909 by the Association of American Universities. 6 possible 100 points (10 per cent.) out of a possible 1,000 points (100 per cent.). The ten heads under which the data were arranged are as follows: 1. Showing of graduates before state boards and other evidences of the training received. 2. Enforcement of a satisfactory preliminary educational require- ment, granting of advanced standing and the character of records. 3. Character of curriculum, grading of course, length of session, time allowed for matriculation and supervision. 4. Medical school buildings ; light, heat, ventilation, cleanliness. 5. Laboratory facilities and instruction. 6. Dispensary facilities and instruction. 7. Hospital facilities and instruction, maternity work, autopsies, specialties. 8. Faculty, number and qualifications of trained teachers, full- time instructors, and assistants, especially of the laboratory branches, organization, and extent of research work. 9. Extent to which the school is conducted for properly teaching the science of medicine rather than for the profit of the faculty directly or indirectly. 10. Possession and use made of libraries, museums, charts, stere- opticons, etc. Class A+ colleges are those which are acceptable; Class A those which need improvement in certain respects, but which are otherwise acceptable; Class B, those which, under their present organization, might be made acceptable by general improvements, and Class C, those which require a complete reorganization to make them acceptable. Classified List of Colleges CLASS A PLUS— ACCEPTABLE MEDICAL COLLEGES 1. Giving an acceptable four-year course: California Leland Stanford Junior Univ., Dept, of Med. . . .San Francisco Univ. of California, Med. Dept San Francisco-Los Angeles Connecticut Yale Medical School New Haven Illinois Northwestern University Medical School Chicago Bush Medical College (University of Chicago) Chicago Indiana Indiana University School of Med . . . Bloomington-lndianapolis Iowa State University of Iowa, College of Medicine Iowa City Louisiana Tulane University of Louisiana, Med. Dept. New Orleans Maryland Johns Hopkins University Medical Department Baltimore Massachusetts Harvard Medical School Boston 7 Michigan University of Michigan, Dept, of Med. and Surg. . . .Ann Arbor Minnesota University of Minnesota, Coll, of Med. and Surg. . . Minneapolis Missouri Washington University Medical School St. Louis New York Columbia University Coll, of Phys. and Surgs. .New York City Cornell University Medical College New York City University and Bellevue Hospital Med. Coll. . . .New York City Syracuse University, College of Medicine Syracuse Ohio Ohio-Miami Med. Coll, of the Univ. of Cincinnati. . . .Cincinnati Western Reserve University Medical Department. ... Cleveland Pennsylvania University of Pennsylvania, Dept, of Medicine . . . Philadelphia Texas University of Texas, Department of Medicine Galveston Virginia University of Virginia, Department of Med ... . Charlottesville 2. Giving a two-year course acceptably : Missouri University of Missouri, School of Medicine Columbia Wisconsin University of Wisconsin, College of Medicine Madison CLASS A.— COLLEGES LACKING IN CERTAIN RESPECTS BUT OTHERWISE ACCEPTABLE 1. Giving a complete four -year course: Alabama University of Alabama, School of Medicine Mobile Colorado University of Colorado, School of Medicine. .. . Boulder-Denver District of Columbia Georgetown University School of Medicine Washington George Washington University, Dept, of Medicine. .Washington Illinois College of Physicians and Surgeons Chicago Iowa Drake University College of Medicine Des Moines ■* 8 Kansas University of Kansas, School of Medicine.. .Lawrence -Rosedale Kentucky University of Louisville, Medical Department Louisville Maine Medical School of Maine Brunswick-Portland Maryland College of Physicians and Surgeons Baltimore University of Maryland, School of Medicine Baltimore Massachusetts Boston University School of Medicine Boston Tufts College Medical School Boston Michigan University of Michigan, Homeopathic College Ann Arbor Missouri St. Louis University School of Medicine St. Louis Nebraska University of Nebraska, College of Medicine. . .Lincoln -Omaha New Hampshire Dartmouth Medical School Hanover New York Albany Medical College Albany New York Homeo. Med. Coll, and Flower Hosp..New York City University of Buffalo, Medical Department Buffalo Ohio Starling-Ohio Medical College Columbus Oregon University of Oregon, Medical Department Portland Pennsylvania Hahnemann Medical College and Hospital Philadelphia Jefferson Medical College Philadelphia Medico-Chirurgical College of Philadelphia Philadelphia Woman’s Medical College of Pennsylvania Philadelphia University of Pittsburgh, Medical Department Pittsburgh Tennessee Vanderbilt University, Medical Department Nashville Vermont University of Vermont, College of Medicine Burlington Virginia Medical College of Virginia 3 Richmond University College of Medicine 3 Richmond 3. It is reported that a merger of these schools has been defi- nitely arranged. 2 . Giving a two-year course: Mississippi University of Mississippi, Medical Department Oxford North Carolina University of North Carolina, School of Medicine. .Chapel Hill Wake Forest College, School of Medicine Wake Forest North Dakota University of North Dakota, College of Medicine . . . University South Dakota University of South Dakota, College of Medicine. . . .Vermilion Utah University of Utah, School of Medicine Salt Lake City CLASS B.— COLLEGES NEEDING GENERAL IMPROVE- MENTS TO BE MADE ACCEPTABLE 1 . Giving a complete four-year course: Alabama Birmingham Medical Colleger Birmingham Arkansas University of Arkansas, Medical Department Little Rock California College of Physicians and Surgeons Los Angeles Hahnemann Medical College of the Pacific San Francisco Oakland College of Medicine and Surgery Oakland GEORGIA University of Georgia, Medical Department Augusta Atlanta College of Physicians and Surgeons Atlanta Atlanta School of Medicine Atlanta Illinois Bennett Medical College Chicago Chicago College of Medicine and Surgery Chicago Hahnemann Medical College and Hospital Chicago Kansas Kansas Medical College 4 5 Topeka Michigan Detroit College Of Medicine Detroit Missouri University Medical College 6 Kansas City 4. When the three classes now enrolled have been graduated this college is to be converted into a postgraduate medical school. 5. This college has voted to close at the end of the present session. 6. Offers only the last two, or clinical, years. 10 4 Nebraska John A. Creighton Medical College Omaha New York Fordham University, School of Medicine New York City Long Island College Hospital Brooklyn Ohio Eclectic Medical College Cincinnati Oklahoma State Univ. of Okla., School of Med. . . .Norman-Oklahoma City Pennsylvania Temple University, Department of Medicine Philadelphia Tennessee University of Tennessee, Medical Department Memphis Texas Baylor University College of Medicine Dallas 2. Giving a two-year course: West Virginia West Virginia University College of Medicine .... Morgantown CLASS C.— COLLEGES REQUIRING A COMPLETE REOR- GANIZATION TO MAKE THEM ACCEPTABLE California California Eclectic Medical College Los Angeles College of Physicians and Surgeons San Francisco College of Medical Evangelists Loma Linda Georgia Georgia College of Eclectic Medicine and Surgery Atlanta Southern College ol Medicine and Surgery 7 Atlanta Illinois Chicago Hospital College of Medicine 8 Chicago Hering Medical College 8 Chicago Jenner Medical College Chicago Maryland Maryland Medical College 9 Baltimore Massachusetts College of Physicians and Surgeons 10 Boston 7. Declared not in good standing by the Georgia State Board of Medical Examiners. 8. Not reported in good standing by the Illinois State Board of Health. 9. Reported not recognized by the Maryland State Board of Med- ical Examiners. 10. This college is reported as not recognized by the Massachu- setts Medical V * 11 Missouri American Medical College St. Louis Eclectic Medical University 11 Kansas City Ens worth Medical College St. Joseph Kansas City Hahnemann Medical College Kansas City St. Louis College of Physicians and Surgeons St. Louis Nebraska Cotner University Medical College Lincoln New York Eclectic Med. Coll, of the City of New York 12 . .New York City New York Med. Coll, and Hosp. for Women. . . .New York City North Carolina North Carolina Medical College Charlotte Ohio Cleveland-Pulte Medical College Cleveland Toledo Medical College Toledo Oregon Willamette University Medical Department Salem South Carolina Medical College of the State of South Carolina Charleston Tennessee Lincoln Memorial University, Medical Department . . . Knoxville Texas Fort Worth School of Medicine Fort Worth Southern Methodist University Medical Department .... Dallas Wisconsin Milwaukee Medical College 13 Milwaukee Wisconsin College of Physicians and Surgeons 14 .... Milwaukee MEDICAL SCHOOLS FOR THE COLORED RACE Class A Howard University, School of Medicine. .. .Washington, D. C. Meharry Medical College Nashville, Tenn. Class C Leonard Medical School Raleigh, N. C. University of West Tennessee, Medical Dept. . .Memphis, Tenn. 11. Reported not in good standing by the Missouri State Board of Health. 12. Not included in the list of fully registered colleges issued by the New York Education Department, October, 1912. 13. This college is reported to be undergoing reorganization. 14. The entire property of this school is said to have been given over to Marquette University to be developed as an organic depart- ment of that university.