I' I B RAR.Y OF THL UN IVERSITY Of ILLINOIS I-PGb cop- 2, GRICULTUW NOTICE: Return or renew all Library Materials! The Minimum Fee for each Lost Book is $50.00. The person charging this material is responsible for its return to the library from which it was withdrawn on or before the Latest Date stamped below. Theft, mutilation, and underlining of books are reasons for discipli- nary action and may result in dismissal from the University. To renew call Telephone Center, 333-8400 UNIVERSITY OF ILLINOIS LIBRARY AT URBANA-CHAMPAIGN APR 11996' L161 O-1096 EFFECTS OF SOIL TREATMENT ON SOIL PRODUCTIVITY A Summary of Long-time Field Experiments By F. C. Bauer, A. L. Lang, C. J. Badger, L. B. Miller, C. H. Farnham, P. E. Johnson, L. F. Marriott, and M. H. Nelson Bulletin 516 UNIVERSITY OF ILLINOIS AGRICULTURAL EXPERIMENT STATION MEANING OF PRODUCTIVITY "MAPS" ON COVER The two colored maps on the cover of this bulletin tell an important story for all who farm our lands or in any way influence farm prac- tices. This is the story of the increasing importance of good soil treatments. The graphs on the opposite page are a key to the cover maps. The two tables below show in summary form the actual dollar values of the crops from these two fields. More detailed figures are given on pages 165 and 182. Contrasts between the needs of corn and wheat are shown by graphs on page 222. Value of Crops Produced on One of the Least Productive Soils Ewing Field, Soil Group VII (see pages 114 and 115) Total Treatment system .-j^L Average yearly income per acre Income index 1910-1944 1910-1944 1941-1944 1910-1944 RLrPK . . $661 $18.89 12.82 11.40 4.31 3.97 $23.51 13.53 11.78 6.07 4.35 100 68 60 23 21 RLrP 449 RL 399 R. . 151 139 Value of Crops Produced on One of the Most Productive Soils Minonk Field, Soil Group II (see pages 114 and 115) Total Treatment system ;^^ Average yearly income per acre Income index 1910-1944 1910-1944 1941-1944 1910-1944 RLrPK . . $914 $26.10 26.43 25.67 26.28 23.32 $30.36 29.72 27.59 28.54 24.63 100 100 98 101 89 RLrP 925 RL 898 R 919 . 816 Dollar values are used in these averages because they are the only prac- tical common denominator for all the crops grown. In studying these data it is of interest to note that the yields on the untreated plots of both soils have changed but little. The reasons for this are the cropping systems used and seasonal conditions: the cropping systems have retarded yield declines, and the favorable seasons of recent years have encouraged higher yields. The final result is slightly higher average yields in 1941-1944 than in 1910-1944 on the untreated plots of both soils. 106 Full treatment- RLrPK = 100 ^n^^ffl POTASSIUM added to RLrP was responsible! ROCK PHOSPHATE for this share of crop values RIB produced this share EWING FIELD* .3MjM of the total crop va 20 1910 1915 1920 1925 1930 A POOR SOIL 1935 1940 These two "maps" picture the results of 35 years of soil treatment. They show three significant facts: 1. The soil alone, especially the poor soil, has contributed a smaller and smaller share of the crop yields over the years. 2. On the poor soil the complete treatment (RLrPK) has become increasingly important. The relative importance of the other treatment systems has shifted markedly. 3. On the good land soil treatments are responsible for a much smaller share of the crop yields than they are on the poor land. A GOOD SOIL IMINONK FIELD 'SZlSKs 1910 1915 1920 1925 1930 107 1935 1940 CONTENTS PAGE GENERAL PLAN OF EXPERIMENTS 112 Systems of Soil Treatment 112 Soil Conditions on Test Fields 114 How the Results Are Presented 116 Bushel and ton yields 116 Money values 116 Indexes 117 EFFECTS OF TREATMENT MATERIALS 117 Response to Manure 118 Response to Crop Residues 1 20 Response to Limestone 121 Response to Phosphate 1 24 Phosphate used with limestone and manure or residues 124 Rock phosphate and superphosphate compared on limed land 1 25 Rock phosphate and superphosphate on unlimed land 128 Influence of limestone on phosphate utilization 128 Effect of potash deficiencies 130 Summary of phosphate studies 130 Response to Potash 1 32 Separating potash from phosphate response 133 Influence of cropping systems 1 34 Summary of potash studies 1 34 Comparative Responses of Different Crops 135 EFFECTS OF TREATMENT SYSTEMS 136 Possibilities in Most Effective Systems 136 Changes in net income per acre 137 Changes in productivity levels 140 Acres needed for equivalent income 143 Effects of Different Treatment Systems on the Same Field .... 145 Aledo 147-149 Antioch 1 50 Bloomington 151 Urbana, Illinois December, 1945 Publications in the Bulletin series report the results of investigations made or sponsored by the Experiment Station 109 CONTENTS (Continued) EFFECTS OF TREATMENT SYSTEMS Continued PAGE Carlinville 152,153 Carthage 1 54-1 56 Clayton 1 57, 1 58 Dixon 1 59-1 62 Elizabethtown 1 63 Enfield 1 64 Ewing 1 65-1 67 Hartsburg 1 68-1 70 Joliet 171-173 Kewanee 174-177 Lebanon 1 78-1 80 McNabb 181 Minonk 182 Mt. Morris 1 83, 1 84 Newton 1 85-1 87 Oblong .1 88-1 90 Oquawka 191 Raleigh 1 92, 1 93 Sparta 1 94-1 96 Toledo 1 97-200 Urbana Morrow Plots 200 Urbana South Farm 201 West Salem 202-204 APPENDIX List of Previous Publications 205 Annual Yields by Crops, 1936-1944 205-220 Corn 206-209 Oats 210-212 Wheat 213-216 Hay 217-219 Soybeans 220 Responses of Corn and Wheat Contrasted 221-222 INDEX.. ..223 110 EFFECTS OF SOIL TREATMENT ON SOIL PRODUCTIVITY A Summary of Long-time Field Experiments By F. C. BAUER, A. L. LANG, ,C. J. BADGER, L. B. MILLER, C. H. FARNHAM, P. E. JOHNSON, L. F. MARRIOTT, and M. H. NELSON* THE CROP-PRODUCING EFFICIENCY of most Illinois soils can be improved. By a systematic build-up of the nutrient-sup- plying powers, soil treatments halt yield declines, encourage yield increases, and add quality to the crop. Numerous records reveal that the benefits of soil treatments range from maintenance of original yields to increases several times larger than the yields produced with- out treatment. These facts have been proved by the experience of farmers as well as by many long-continued experiments. The economies in production and marketing that accompany these benefits are a further reason for the broader adoption of soil-improving practices by Illinois farmers. Widespread use of such practices will come, however, only when farmers know more about the treatments that fit the needs of their particular fields and the benefits that can be expected from them. To help farmers detect the requirements of their soils and to guide them in selecting suitable treatments, the ILLINOIS AGRICULTURAL EXPERIMENT STATION has conducted numerous field experiments in various sections of the state. These experiments have been in progress many years. The oldest field now in operation, the Morrow plots, was established on the University campus in 1876. The first outlying fields were established in the fall of 1901. During the crop season of 1942 there were twenty-five outlying fields, all of which had been in opera- tion twenty-six years or more (see map on page 113). The purpose of this publication is to summarize the results of these long-continued experiments from the beginning 2 thru the crop season of 1942. Annual yields from 1936 thru 1944 also are included as well as summaries for the four-year rotation period ending in 1942. 1 F. C. BAUER, Chief in Soil Experiment Fields; A. L. LANG, Associate Chief; C. J. BADGER, Associate; L. B. MILLER and C. H. FARNHAM, Assistant Chiefs; P. E. JOHNSON, Associate; L. F. MARRIOTT, First Assistant, on leave of absence for war service; and M. H. NELSON, Associate. J See page 205 for list of previous publications reporting results from test fields. Ill 112 BULLETIN No. 516 [December, GENERAL PLAN OF EXPERIMENTS Systems of Soil Treatment Nine systems of soil treatments were established on each of the Illinois experiment fields when they were laid out four designed for livestock farming and five for grain farming. These systems, involv- ing a step-by-step build-up from no treatment to somewhat complex combinations, have been maintained with but little change to date. As new problems developed, the rather large plots, which originally occupied one-fifth acre on most fields, were divided so that modifica- tions in treatment could be made without losing the identity of the original treatment. These systems, with the symbols used to represent them, are as follows: Manure (Livestock) Systems Plot Treatment symbol Treatment materials 1 None 2 M Manure 3 ML Manure, limestone 4 MLrP Manure, limestone, rock phosphate Residues (Grain) Systems 5 None 6 R Crop residues 7 RL Crop residues, limestone 8 RLrP Crop residues, limestone, rock phosphate 9 RLrPK Crop residues, limestone, rock phosphate, potash The following field procedures have been used in handling the treat- ment materials and are continuing to be used. None. All top growth of crops is removed. Manure. Animal manure, including litter, is applied in proportion to the weight of the crops grown during the previous rotation and is plowed under for the corn crop. Crop residues. The residues of crops, including corn stover, grain straws, green sweet clover, and the second crop of legume hays, are plowed under at convenient times. During some years the grain straws were removed. Limestone. During the first twelve years limestone was used as fol- lows: Crushed limestone was applied initially at the rate of 4 tons an acre and thereafter once during each rotation at the annual rate of Vi ton an acre on plowed soil, usually ahead of wheat. After twelve years this procedure was discontinued. No limestone has been applied to the dark-colored soils since, but a 2-ton application was made to the light- colored and sandy soils during the past few years. 1945} EFFECTS OF SOIL TREATMENT ON SOIL PRODUCTIVITY 113 Rock phosphate. Finely ground rock phosphate was applied once during the rotation, usually at wheat seeding time, at the annual acre-rate of 500 pounds. Applications ceased after a total of 4 tons an acre had been applied. Only a small amount of rock phosphate has been applied since 1924. Potash. Kainit (containing about 12 percent of K*O) was applied once during the rotation at the rate of 200 pounds an acre a year, usually ahead of wheat. Since 1932, muriate of potash (50 percent KzQ) has been used at annual rates ranging from 50 to 100 pounds, usually half ahead of wheat and half ahead of corn. The actual amounts of the various treatment materials applied on the annual acre basis thru 1942 and the last year of application are recorded with the crop data for each field. Some of the modifications on the fields and the minor experiments conducted called for treatment materials other than those mentioned above. The rates and methods of application for these are given with the data. These materials are represented in the tables by the follow- ing symbols: sP Superphosphate (20 percent) N Nitrogen (commercial) bP Bone phosphate Gy Gypsum The cropping history also is given in the tables. The twenty-five experiment fields on which long-time studies are being made are widely distributed over the state and represent a wide range of soil conditions. 114 BULLETIN No. 516 [December, Soil Conditions on Test Fields The soils on which the experiment fields are located may be classi- fied in 11 of the 16 Illinois soil groups as follows: 1 Group Description of Soil Location of field II III IV V VI VII XI XIV XVI Town Very dark moderately heavy soils with moderately permeable subsoil Aledo Very dark heavy soils with moder- ately permeable subsoils, carbon- ates shallow.. . |" artsb , urg Dark soils with moderately perme- able subsoils . . IMinonk Bloomington Kewanee Urbana Urbana Moderately dark soils with mod- erately permeable subsoils Moderately dark soils with grayish cast, slowly permeable subsoils . . . Dixon | McNabb IMt. Morris Carlinville Carthage Clayton Lebanon Dark soils with slowly permeable subsoils, carbonates shallow Joliet Gray, strongly leached soils with very slowly permeable subsoils [Ewing Slick spots infrequent 1 0blong 1 Toledo Slick spots frequent Newton Yellowish-gray strongly leached soils with slowly permeable sub- soils fEnfield Slick spots infrequent > Raleigh [West Salem Slick spots frequent Sparta Yellowish-gray soils with slowly permeable subsoils, carbonates shallow Antioch Light brown sands and loamy sands with slight subsoil develop- ment Oquawka Yellow soils with slowly to moder- ately permeable subsoils Elizabethtown County Mercer Year established 1910 Logan Woodford McLean Henry Champaign Champaign Lee Putnam Ogle Macoupin Hancock Adams St. Clair Will Franklin Crawford Cumberland Jasper White Saline Edwards Randolph Lake Henderson Hardin 1911 1910 1902 1915 1876 1903 1910 1907 1910 1910 1911 1911 1910 1914 1910 1912 1913 1912 1912 1910 1912 1916 1902 1915 1917 The comparative productivity of these soils without treatment is revealed by the crop values shown in Table 1 and Fig. 1. A wide range 1 Classifications prepared by R. S. SMITH, Chief in Soil Physics and Soil Survey. 1945] EFFECTS OF SOIL TREATMENT ON SOIL PRODUCTIVITY 115 Table 1. UNTREATED LAND: Comparative Productivity of Untreated Land on Illinois Soil Experiment Fields as Shown by Gross Value of Crops Produced (Data are based on yields from two plots on each field) Rank* Soil group and field Crop values per acre per year All years Based on the long-time crop yields. b Only one crop each year; all other values are for four crops each year 1939-1942 1 IV McNabb $27 .91 $28.83 2 I Aledo 24 .63 28.53 3 II Minonk 24 .21 28.88 4 III Kewanee 22 .93 23.58 5 II Hartsburg 22 .53 25.67 6 IV Ml. Morris 19 .56 21.18 7 IV Dixon 18 .98 20.80 8 III Bloomington b 17 .99 19.58 9 V Carthage 17 .06 20.00 10 V Lebanon 16 .83 19.51 11 VI Joliet 16 .05 20.12 12 V Clayton 15 .97 21.30 13 V Carlinville 14 .97 18.54 14 XI Antioch b 12 .43 19.08 15 VII Oblong 7 .70 9.65 16 XIV Oquawka 7. 60 7.26 17 VII Toledo 6 07 7.34 18 X Enfield 5 .15 5.47 19 X Raleigh 4 .90 4.98 20 VII Newton 4 .40 5.42 21 X Sparta 4 ,23 3.62 22 VII Ewing 3. 89 4.32 23 XVI Elizabethtown , 3 .35 3.17 24 X West Salem 3 ,35 3.52 Average of all fields $13 .45 $15.43 $32 28 u \ 24 oc 20 UJ E 16 12 8 4 PRODUCTIVITY OF UNTREATED ILLINOIS SOILS AS SHOWN BY GROSS VALUE OF CROPS AVERAGE FOR 1939-1942 LONG-TIME AVERAGE Iiiiin * 2Z o H z w O < CD DC o _ o 1 t 3 _i < a s d z x i E 3 35 a j < z 3 9 o _j o o < o o H u. _i < z < S uj a: o Fig. 5. Substantial changes have been brought about by soil treatments on many Illinois soil experiment fields, as is indicated by the changes in the length of these bars. The index is based on the value of the long-time average crop yields from the untreated land on the Aledo, Minonk, and Hartsburg fields ($23.79=100), these three fields being on good-yielding dark corn-belt soil. Changes are shown for both the long period and for the four-year period ending in 1942. (Treatment costs were deducted before calculations ivere made.) 1945] EFFECTS OF SOIL TREATMENT ON SOIL PRODUCTIVITY 143 Ewing soil would produce as much as 60 acres of the untreated corn- belt soils (cost of treatment deducted from value of yields). During the four years ending in 1942 the Ewing soil made a somewhat better showing: 100 acres produced as much income as 84 acres of the un- treated corn-belt soils. Stated still another way, the best system of soil treatment on the Ewing field has, over the years, caused increases which, on a 100-acre basis, are equivalent in value to the total yields produced on 44 acres of the untreated but more productive corn-belt soils. During these four years the increase from soil treatment has been equivalent to the yields from 66 acres of the untreated corn-belt soils. In effect, the above figures mean that a 100-acre farm of the Ewing type of soil would, under treatment, produce as much as about three such farms without treatment, basing comparisons on the long period, and about as much as about four such farms, basing comparisons on the four-year period ending in 1942. Acres needed for equivalent income. The emphasis in the above paragraphs, which are based on the figures in Table 14, is on the way soil treatments can be used to get more income from the same acreage. This means the same thing, in effect, as expanding a farm without buying more land. In Table 15 and Fig. 6 we look at these same facts from another angle; namely, how soil treatments shrink the acreage needed to pro- duce the same income. Here we see how many acres a farmer could sell, if he wished, without cutting down his income from his farming operations. We also see how many acres he would have to buy under other circumstances. The income to be obtained is taken as the net value of the crop yields from 100 acres of good but untreated corn-belt land over the years of these tests, as represented by the Aledo, Hartsburg, and Minonk fields. This net value, or net income (gross value of crops less treatment costs) was $2,379. The greatest difference in the acreage of untreated land that would have to be farmed to produce this amount of income is that between the West Salem and McNabb fields. Seven hundred and ten acres of soil like that at West Salem would be needed to produce the same net value as 85 acres at McNabb. Thus we can say that 85 acres at McNabb are equivalent to 710 acres at West Salem. In other words, a farmer would have to have 625 more acres in a West Salem farm to get the same net values as he would get from 85 acres of a McNabb farm. 144 BULLETIN No. 516 [December, Under good soil treatment the difference between these two fields, West Salem and McNabb, has been narrowed tremendously: 221 acres at West Salem would, over the years, have equaled 92 acres at McNabb in income-producing power. Thus the difference is only 129 acres in- stead of 625 acres. During the last four years the difference has narrowed to 89 acres the difference between 161 acres and 72 acres. Table 15. ACRES NEEDED FOR EQUIVALENT INCOME: Effect of Soil-Treatment Systems (Figures indicate acres required to produce crop yields of same net value, $2,379 per year, as were produced on 100 acres of untreated land on Aledo, Hartsburg, and Minonk fields during all years*) Rank Soil group and field Untreated land Treated land giving best net return All years 1939-1942 All years 1939-1942 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 IV II I III II IV IV III V VI V V V XI VII XIV VII X X X VII VII XVI X acres . . 85 acres 92 80 74 97 86 99 114 121 127 122 139 112 141 125 248 348 307 530 549 723 479 548 750 676 acres 92 92 81 91 89 96 96 98 109 125 103 109 111 149 150 157 167 172 172 181 198 166 166 221 acres 72 70 58 76 70 78 80 97 82 98 70 86 74 98 99 143 118 113 126 101 130 120 109 161 95 Aledo 96 100 106 119 129 132 . 140 Joliet. 146 146 153 Carlinville . . . 170 Antioch 191 322 . 327 Toledo 363 Enfield 473 Raleigh . . 504 523 575 615 . . . 710 West Salem 710 a Treatment costs were deducted before the calculations were made. Aledo, Hartsburg, and Minonk fields are on productive corn-belt soils. During the four years 1939-1942 the greatest difference in acres required for equivalent income from untreated land was that between Aledo and Elizabethtown. Seven hundred and fifty acres would have been required at Elizabethtown to produce the same yields as 74 acres at Aledo, a difference of 676 acres. On the treated land the greatest difference in required acres during the long period was that between Aledo and West Salem. At West Salem it would have taken 221 acres to equal 81 acres at Aledo in income-producing power, a difference of 140 acres. During the short 19451 EFFECTS OF SOIL TREATMENT ON SOIL PRODUCTIVITY 145 period the greatest difference was that between Aledo and West Salem: a difference between 58 acres and 161 acres, or 103 acres. Certainly there can be no doubt about the need for and the value of soil treatments on the farm lands of Illinois. 800 700 600 13500 5 u < 400 300 200 100 ACRES NEEDED FOR EQUIVALENT INCOME Q| UNTREATED LAND-AVERAGE ALL YEARS 1 TREATED LAND-AVERAGE ALL YEARS ^ TREATED LAND-AVERAGE 1939-1942 100=ACRES OF UNTREATED CORN-BELT SOILS (ALEDO, MINONK, HARTSBURG) 8 UJ 5 E u 2 a < J|H 5 a b uj ^ u a: :xy Fig. 6. Fewer acres are needed to produce the same income when proper soil treatments are applied. The full length of the bar for each field shows the acres of untreated land that would have had to be farmed in order to pro- duce as much as 100 acres of the untreated land at Aledo, Hartsburg, and Minonk ($2,379). The lighter portions of each bar show the acres that would have been needed where correct soil treatments have been used. Thus the black part of the bar shows the acreage that a farmer could abandon without lowering his income if he used proper soil treatment. (Treatment costs were deducted before calculations were made.) Effects of Different Treatment Systems on the Same Field More detailed crop data from the different experiment fields are given on the following pages (Tables 16 to 81). No discussion accom- panies these data the tables themselves tell the story simply and directly. Details concerning the cropping system on each field are given at the top of each table. The response of each kind of crop to each treatment system can be found by subtracting the yields with treatment from the yields 146 BULLETIN No. 516 [December, without treatment. To show the over-all effects of treatments from the farm point of view, the yields are summarized first in terms of dollar values. These dollar values are then expressed as percentages of the dollar values of the yields of some plot that furnishes a common basis for comparison. The base plot is of course assigned a value of 100. This plot is one that has been given no treatment; usually it is the first one presented in a table, but occasionally it is some other plot. (For further explanations concerning these index figures see page 117.) The percentage, or index, figures are sometimes based on gross values of the crops, no treatment expense having been subtracted from the value of the yields on the treated plots, and sometimes they are based on net values, treatment expenses having been subtracted. In order to show something about the trend of the changes that have been taking place, both long-time averages and averages for four recent years, 1939-1942, are given. With these explanations clearly in mind, readers should have no difficulty in understanding the data for any particular field and in detecting the significance of the results obtained by the various soil treatments. Tables 16 to 81 follow on pages 147 to 204. 1945~\ EFFECTS OF SOIL TREATMENT ON SOIL PRODUCTIVITY 147 Table 16. ALEDO FIELD: Comparison of Soil-Treatment Systems Manure system 1910-1923, corn, oats, clover, wheat; 1924-1934, corn, corn, oats, wheat; 1935-1942, corn, corn, oats, clover-alfalfa. Residues system 1910-1923, corn, oats, clover, wheat (sweet clover); 1924-1942, corn, corn, oats (Hubam), wheat (sweet clover) (Average annual acre-yields) Long-time yields, 1910-1942, and index of gross values Corn Treatment systems 4 ^i^' crops Corn 2d yr. 19 crops Oats 30 crops Wheat 28 crops Hay 17 crops All crops Value Gross index d 1910- 1942 1939- 1942 1 2 3 4 5 i 1 8 9 0... bu. . 59.9 bu. 62.8 78.3 82.3 82.3 61.5 67.7 76.1 76.3 80.2 bu 55. 63. 66. 67. 55. 56. 62. 63. 65. 5 2 7 1 2 3 6 4 bu. 27. 5b 32. 5b 34. 7b 35. 8b 26.8 28.9 33.4 35.5 36.1 tons 2.15 2.78 3.29 3.30 1.87 1.82= 1.82= 2.06<= 1.86 #24 30 32 32, 24, 26 29 30 31 76 10 35 57 50 .70 94 90 59 100 122 131 132 99 108 121 125 128 130 165 179 179 101 114 148 151 155 M . . 77.1 ML , 79 . 5 MLrP 79.5 0. . 57.8 R 65 . 3 RL 76 8 RLrP 78.2 RLrPK 80 . 2 Last rotation yields, 1939-1942, treatment costs and index of net values Treatment systems Ist 4 yr ' crops Corn 2d yr. 4 crops Oats 4 crops Wheat 4 crops Hay All crops 4 crops Value Treat- Net index" 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 84 .9 ,0 .4 .9 .5 .6 .3 .4 .8 82.0 99.3 108.6 107.5 67.6 72.0 90.7 91.0 96.1 50.4 60.6 70.3 72.2 48.6 48.3 59.1 59.9 56.7 20.0 24.2 30.5 32.4 33.6 3.01 #32 3.98 40 4.50 44, 4.56 44 24 28 36 37 38 .17 92 28 36 .90 .12 ,56 39 ,38 #. 2 2, 4 1 3 5 09 98 67 '.75 .35 .10 ,70 130 157 167 160 101 111 142 138 132 M . 112 ML 113 MLrP 112 0... 62 R. 75 RL 105 RLrP 107 RLrPK . 109 a Annual acre-rates at which materials were applied thru 1942 and the last years of application were as follows: L, 532 pounds (1922); rP, 250 pounds (1924); K, 100 pounds (1942) (kainit was used during 1910-1931, KC1 during 1932-1942). b Average of 20 crops. c Average of 9 crops. d Costs of treatments have not been deducted. e Costs of treatments have been deducted. 148 BULLETIN No. 516 [December, Table 17. ALEDO FIELD: Comparison of Soil-Treatment Systems Modified for the Study of Rock Phosphate and Superphosphate Applied With and Without Limestone Manure system 1924-1934, corn, corn, oats, wheat; 1935-1942, corn, corn, oats, clover-alfalfa. Residues system 1924-1942, corn, corn, oats (Hubam), wheat (sweet clover) (Average annual acre-yields, 1924-1942) Treatment systems' Corn Corn 1st yr. 2d yr. 19 19 crops crops Oats 19 crops Wheat 19 crops Hay 8 crops All crops b Value Index Gross Net Original treatment (west halves) 1 2 M 3 ML.... 4 MLrP.. 5 0... 6 R 7 RL 8 RLrP. . . 9 RLrPK. 10 bu. 62.0 82.0 84.5 83.8 56.4 66.0 80.4 82.3 85.2 57.2 bu. 62.8 78.3 82.3 82.3 bu. 53.5 63.1 67.0 67.4 51.7 53.4 60.9 62.2 63.9 54.1 bu. 26.5 32.0= 36.7" 37.2 25.3 28.3 34.3 35.5 37.3 26.0 tons 2.32 3.24 4.05 4.12 J25.93 32.91 36.05 36.15 24.95 27.80 33.29 34.00 35.45 25.22 100 100 127 119 139 128 139 121 96 107 128 131 137 97 96 104 123 119 115 97 New treatment (east halves) 1 RL. .. . 68 6 67.9 51.3 30.4 #28 69 111 107 2 MrP 81 1 80.3 64.1 33.8 3.1 J 33 33 129 112 3 MLsP 82 82.5 68.9 38. 2 3.9< > 36 04 139 119 4 MLrP + 83 5 81.5 68.3 37.4 4.0! 5 36 05 139 117 5 RsP. . . . 63 6 66.1 55.2 30.8 27 97 108 97 6 RrP 67 6 68.5 57.2 31.8 29 13 112 101 7 RLsP 75 8 73.2 63.4 36.4 33 01 127 114 8 RLrP + 79 4 77.5 62.7 37.3 34 25 132 116 9 RLrP+K 82 7 80.9 64.0 37.8 35 27 136 110 10 RLrP 71 1 70.9 58.3 32.0 30 56 118 106 a For details concerning original treatment on west and east halves see footnote to Table 16. Annual acre-rates at which materials were applied in the new treatments on east halves thru 1942 and the last years of application were as follows: R (Plots 1, 5, 10) since 1924; L (Plots 1, 10), 211 pounds (1924); rP (Plots 2, 6, 10), 305 pounds (1942); sP (Plots 3, 5, 7), 159 pounds (1942); rP+ (Plots 4, 8, 9), 153 pounds additional (1942). b Comparison should be made between east and west halves. Average of 11 crops of wheat. 1945] EFFECTS OF SOIL TREATMENT ON SOIL PRODUCTIVITY 149 Table 18. ALEDO FIELD: Phosphate-Carrier Tests with Bone, Super, Rock, and Slag Phosphates Residues system 1916-1919, corn, oats, soybeans, wheat; 1920-1922, corn, oats, red clover; 1923-1940, corn, corn, oats (Hubam), wheat (sweet clover); 1941-1942, corn, soybeans, oats (Hubam), wheat, clover-alfalfa (Average annual acre-yields, 1916-1942) Treatment systems Corn 12 crops Oats 7 crops Wheat 5 crops Soybeans 1 crop All crops Value Index Gross Net 501 502 503 504 601 602 603 604 701 702 703 704 801 802 803 804 R. . bu 63. 6 2 2 4 6 6 6 4 7 4 7 7 8 bu. 59.9 68.7 70.8 61.6 60.3 67.6 68.1 62.0 59.6 63.1 62.6 61.5 54.9 63.3 63.1 57.8 bu 29. 34. 36. 30. 29. 35. 37. 32. 31. 36. 37. 34. 31. 37. 39. 33. 6 4 3 9 2 9 2 6 5 1 2 4 6 8 bu. 16.7 21.1 20.5 16.9 17.2 22.7 20.2 19.7 21.0 24.7 23.5 20.8 17.2 22.5 22.0 18.9 $26 31. 32, 29. 26 30 32. 29. 27. 31, 32, 31. 26 30 32 29. .72 90 30 13 ,97 74 12 86 84 37 90 01 29 .77 17 40 100 119 121 109 100 114 119 111 100 113 118 111 100 117 122 112 97 108 108 105 97 103 106 106 97 101 105 107 97 109 112 107 RbP 71. RLbP 75 . RL 71. R. . 64. RsP 71 RLsP ... 74. RL 71. R 66 RrP 73. RLrP 78 . RL 74. R . 62. R, slag P 70. RL slag P 73. RL 71. Annual acre-rates at which materials were applied thru 1942 and the last years of application were as follows: L, 400 pounds (1918); bP, 96 pounds (1931); sP, 165 pounds (1931); rP, 346 pounds (1931); slag P, 139 pounds (1931). 150 BULLETIN No. 516 [December, Table 19. ANTIOCH FIELD: Comparison of Soil-Treatment Systems Residues system 1902-1911, corn, corn, oats, wheat; 1912-1942, corn, oats, red clover-alfalfa, wheat (sweet clover) (Average annual acre-yields) Early treatment systems, 1902-1923 Treatment systems" Corn 9 crops Oats 5 crops Hay 3 crops Wheat 5 crops All crop: 3 Value Gross index 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 bu. . 24.5 bu. 32.3 26.8 29.9 43.6 27.8 43.3 26.9 38.2 42.6 44.7 tons 1.33 1.26 1.45 1.61 1.21 1.13 1.22 1.51 1.00 1.28 bu 14. 13. 18. 35. 17. 32. 19. 30. 28. 31. 7 3 9 8 6 1 3 1 $11 10 11 18 11 18 12 18 17 18 48 ,10 .82 .65 .62 .21 .31 .12 .94 .49 100 88 103 162 101 159 107 158 156 161 L .. 21.8 RL 22 5 LbP 30 9 LK .. 23.3 RLbP 34 1 RLK 25 4 LbPK . 35.0 RLbPK .. 39.0 RbPK 38 8 Late treatment systems, 1924-1942 Treatment systems' 3 Corn 4 crops Oats 5 crops Hay 5 crops Wheat 5 crops All crops Value Index Gross Net 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 0. . . .. 31.0 31.8 39.5 45.5 47.1 34.8 49.7 30.1 45.4 49.6 56.0 1.20 2.39 2.21 2.48 2.40 2.19 1.55 2.44 2.01 1.77 17. 26. 29. 28. 28. 30. 20. 29. 29. 28. 5 8 4 9 8 7 3 2 2 6 $\3 20 21 21. 20, 21, 15, 21 21, 21. .54 .03 31 65 21 53 .25 31 58 47 100 148 157 160 149 159 113 157 159 159 100 131 135 138 108 131 86 95 113 114 LrP 34 RLrP . 39.6 LsP . . 36 . 2 LrPK .. 34.0 RLsP . . 35.7 RLK .. 32.7 LsPK 34 6 RLsPK 44 5 RsPK . . 46 . 3 "Total amounts of materials applied and years last applied were as follows: L, 10,635 pounds (1918); bP, 4,800 pounds (1922); K (K 2 SC>4), 2,400 pounds (1922); dried blood (Plots 3, 6, 7, 9, 10), 9,661 pounds (1911). b Annual acre-rates at which materials were applied thru 1942 and the last years of application were as follows: L, 259 pounds (1918); rP, 279 pounds (1939); sP, 200 pounds (1939); K (KC1), 100 pounds (1942). 1945~\ EFFECTS OF SOIL TREATMENT ON SOIL PRODUCTIVITY 151 Table 20. BLOOMINGTON FIELD: Comparison of Soil-Treatment Systems Residues system 1902-1908, corn, corn, oats, wheat, red clover; 1909-1942 corn, corn, oats, clover-alfalfa, wheat (sweet clover) (Average annual acre-yields) Early systems, 1902-1923 Corn Treatment systems* 10 crops Oats 4 crops Wheat 4 crops Hay 3 crops All crops Value Gross index 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 0.. . bu. 44 6 bu. 40.6 44.7 46.2 54.3 43.5 66.0 46.8 57.2 63.1 52.8 bu. 26.4 24.1 27.9 45.7 25.5 49.7 27.4 44.4 50.4 49.2 Ions .94 .80 .88 2.54 .93 1.19 .82 2.44 .81 .83 S18.44 17.34 19.57 27.43 18.76 28.01 19.70 28.36 28.28 26.31 100 94 106 149 102 152 107 154 153 143 L 41 5 RL 47.4 LbP 55 8 LK 46 1 RLbP 60 6 RLK 48 6 LbPK 60.9 RLbPK 64 2 RbPK 58 8 Late systems. 1924-1942 Treatment systems' 5 Corn 7 crops Oats 4 crops Wheat 4 crops Hay 4 crops All crops Value Index Gross Net Bone and rock phosphate systems (north halves) 1 R 52.5 42.6 32.3 1.32 521.95 126 121 2 RLbP 59.6 48.6 43.8 2.09 27.65 158 131 3 RLrP 64.1 46.1 41.1 1.89 27.37 157 151 4 RLbP + 60.2 44.2 44.3 1.81 27.04 155 127 5 RLrPK> 63.3 47.2 40.3 1.82 26.94 154 136 6 RLbP+. . . 62.9 52.5 44.8 1.82 28.15 161 133 7 RLrPK 70.9 47.6 42.0 1.94 28.99 166 133 8 RLbP + K 66.5 45.6 44.0 1.92 28 . 45 163 122 9 RLbP+K 67.6 47.5 44.0 2.07 29.06 166 111 10 RbP + K . 54.3 41.0 43.3 1.87 25.64 147 120 11 RrP 55.3 50.7 43.0 1.77 26.17 150 133 Bone and superphosphate systems (south halves) 1 41.6 39.3 20.8 1.40 $17.47 100 100 2 RL 49.0 37.6 20.7 .88 17.60 101 95 3 RLsP 65 . 2 51.9 45.9 1.43 27.96 160 143 4 RLbP 63.0 49.2 38.9 1.75 26.58 152 133 5 RLsPK' 65.6 51.0 45.0 1.71 28.39 163 145 6 RLbP . . . 64.2 50.4 39.5 1.76 27.04 155 135 7 RLsPK 68 . 5 52.2 45.0 1.82 29.24 167 135 8 RLbPK" 65.0 49.5 36.8 1.78 26.58 152 133 9 RLbPK 68.9 51.1 41.5 1.86 28.56 163 129 10 RbPK" 58.7 44.3 43.0 1.60 26.03 149 131 11 RsP 56.2 45.3 44.9 1.29 25.37 145 130 "Total amounts of materials applied and years last applied were as follows: L, 10,370 pounds (1919); bP, 4,000 pounds (1917); K (K 2 SC>4), 2,000 pounds (1917). b Annual acre-rates at which materials were applied thru 1942 and the last years of application were as follows: L, 253 pounds (1919); bP (south half of plot), 98 pounds (1917); bP (Plot 2, north half) 158 pounds (1941); bP (north halves of Plots 4, 6, 8, 9, 10), 161 pounds (1941); rP, 311 pounds (1941); sP, 144 pounds (1941); K (KC1) on Plots 7 and 9 (both halves), 100 pounds (1942). c Residual K 2 SO4 (total 2,000 pounds) was last applied in 1917. 152 BULLETIN No. 516 [December, Table 21. CARLINVILLE FIELD: Comparison of Soil-Treatment Systems Manure system 1910-1924, corn, oats, red clover, wheat; 1925-1942, corn, oats, wheat, clover-alfalfa. Residues system 1910-1924, corn, oats, red clover, wheat (sweet clover); 1925-1942, corn, oats (Hubam), wheat, clover- ,A ' 1^ (Average annual acre-yields) Long-time yields, 1910-1942, and index of gross values Treatment systems" C ^[ n crops Oats 32 crops Wheat 27 crops Hay 29 crops All crops Value Gross index 1910- 1942 1939- 1942 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 1 (3,000) rP (286) 45 g 18 4 19 36 133 118 7 I (3,000), 38 6 11 T 14 56 100 99 Heavy limestone applications 1 T, ( 5,000) . 39 9 13 T, 15 83 109 107 ? I, (20,000) . 49 .4 18 20 .09 138 131 3 T, (10,000) . 59 .4 17 6 22 ,09 152 148 4 T (10,000), 0-45-0 (71). .. .58 27 .9 26 52 182 165 S T (10,000), 0-20-0 (143) 58 .9 26 4 26 .15 180 163 6 [ (10,000), rP (286) ... 57 23 2 24 29 167 150 7 I, (10,000), no clover 37 2 11 8 14 77 101 98 * Figures in parentheses represent total pounds of limestone applied per acre and an- nual rates per acre for other materials. Table 23. CARLINVILLE FIELD: Mixed-Fertilizer Tests Residues system corn, wheat (sweet clover) (Average annual acre-yields, 1930-1942) Wheat All crops Treatment systems' 12 13 Valiio Index Gross Net 1 O b .. . bu. 57 1 bu. 19.5 {23 04 82 71 ? NsPK 63 8 28.0 28.91 103 78 3 sPK 65.8 27.8 29.38 105 87 4 0.. . 62 1 26.7 27.94 100 89 S NsPK 66 . 3 29.6 30.38 109 83 i, sPK 64 6 28.4 29.39 105 87 7 64.2 24.4 27.31 98 87 Prior to 1916 a basic treatment of 17,000 pounds of limestone, 6,000 pounds of rock phosphate, 2,520 pounds of kainit, and 12 tons of manure had been made. The present treat- ment is 100 pounds of 0-20-20 for wheat, 50 pounds of 0-20-20 for corn on Plots 2, 3, 5, and 6, with 100 pounds of ammonium sulfate an acre for both crops on Plots 2 and 5. b Yields on this plot are irregular because of roadside trees. 154 BULLETIN No. 516 [December, Table 24. CARTHAGE FIELD: Comparison of Soil-Treatment Systems Manure system 1911-1942, corn, oats, red clover, wheat. Residues system 1911-1942, corn, oats, red clover, wheat (sweet clover) (Average annual acre-yields) Long-time yields, 1911-1942 , and index of gross values Corn Treatment systems" 30 crops Oats 29 crops Hay 29 crops Wheat 27 crops All crops Gross index Value 1911- 1942 1939- 1942 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 bu. 39.6 bu. 36.9 45.9 51.3 53.9 40.0 43.5 51.2 52.4 52.8 tons 1.74 2.20 2.59 2.66 1.62 1.34 1.74 2.03 2.13 bu. 20.4 24.9 29.2 30.4 20.6 22.2 28.1 29.6 32.7 $17.05 21.28 24.55 25.57 17.06 18.69 22.38 23.72 24.93 100 125 144 150 100 110 131 139 146 110 155 187 192 124 138 156 170 176 M 52.3 ML 61 8 MLrP 65.1 0... . 41.3 R 56 2 RL 64.5 RLrP 66 . 2 RLrPK 68 8 Last rotation yields, 1939-1942, treatment costs i and index of net values Corn Treatment systems* 4 crops Oats 3 crops Hay 4 crops Wheat 4 crops All crops Value Treat- ment costs Net index 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 . 61 8 42.9 56.0 67.2 69.7 51.7 58.1 65.7 66.4 62.8 .86 1.44 2.40 2.64 1.13 .49 .91 1.23 1.44 21.2 28.2 29.7 29.7 21.4 22.5 25.5 29.8 31.1 {18.80 26.36 31.85 32.70 21.21 23.52 26.64 28.94 30.06 $.... 2.02 2.78 4.58 "75 1.22 2.97 5.57 110 143 170 165 124 134 149 152 144 M 85.9 ML 102 4 MLrP 103 7 0.. . 70.2 R . 93 2 RL . 98.7 RLrP.... 101.4 RLrPK . 104 6 a Annual acre-rates at which materials were applied thru 1942 and the last years of application were as follows: L, 517 pounds (1922); rP, 250 pounds (1924); K, 100 pounds (1942). 1945^ EFFECTS OF SOIL TREATMENT ON SOIL PRODUCTIVITY 155 Table 25. CARTHAGE FIELD: Comparison of Rock Phosphate, Superphosphate, and Mixed Fertilizers Used as Supplements to Soil-Treatment Systems Manure system corn, oats, red clover, wheat. Residues system corn, oats, red clover, wheat (sweet clover) (Average annual acre-yields, 1929-1942) All crops Corn Oats Hay Wheat Treatment systems* 14 12 12 13 Index crops crops crops crops Value Gross Net No supplementary treatment (Section A) 1 0. . . bu. 45 . 7 bu. 40.9 tons 1.34 bu. 20.8 $17 80 100 100 9 M . 62 4 51 3 1 95 26 23 69 133 122 ^ ML ... 72.4 56 4 2 52 30 9 27 72 156 140 4 MLrP 73.0 58.3 2.57 31.2 28.25 159 133 S . . 48 9 46 2 1 55 22 4 19 34 109 109 c. R 64.5 48.5 1.00 23.9 20 46 115 111 7 RL 71 1 53 8 1 48 27 4 23 84 134 127 8 RLrP 71 9 54 1 1 74 29 7 25 27 142 125 RLrPK 73.8 54.3 1.86 31.3 26.21 147 116 Rock phosphate applied as supplementary treatment (Section B) 1 0... 49 3 46 .1 1.74 28.5 $21 .30 120 115 2 M 64 5 50 , ?. 2.26 30.2 25 .48 143 127 3 ML 71. 6 56 ,4 2.64 32.5 28 .28 159 138 4 MLrP 72. 2 57 .3 2.71 32.3 28 .62 161 130 5 0... . 48 7 48 .7 1.81 28.1 21 .38 120 115 6 R 63 6 52 1 1.32 30.0 22 .70 128 118 7 RL 72. 3 56 1.80 29.9 25 47 143 131 8 RLrP 71. 8 53 8 1.97 31.0 26 11 147 125 9 RLrPK 75 . 7 56. 7 2.03 32.9 27. 36 154 117 Superphosphate (0-20-0) applied as supplementary treatment (Section C) 1 0... . 48.7 45.2 1.73 30.8 J21.43 120 115 2 M 62.8 54.5 2.25 32.6 26.00 146 129 3 ML 67.5 57.1 2.67 33.6 28.06 158 136 4 MLrP 69.7 58.6 2.63 33.1 28.37 159 128 5 . 46.1 48.9 1.76 31.0 21.61 121 116 6 R 59.3 51.9 1.19 30.6 21.96 123 114 7 RL 71.5 57.9 1.76 32.2 25.87 145 133 8 RLrP 69.3 55.7 1.90 32.8 26.09 147 124 9 RLrPK 72.9 56.8 2.02 35.3 27.58 155 118 Mixed fertilizer applied as supplementary treatment (Section D) 1 0... . 47.9 44.9 1.67 32.4 $21.58 121 113 2 M 59.5 53.8 2.30 34.2 26.09 147 127 3 ML 65.4 57.4 2.60 34.7 28.17 158 135 4 MLrP 68.8 60.7 2.66 35.1 28.90 162 129 5 . 47.0 48.2 1.68 32.7 21.93 123 115 6 R 58.6 49.3 1.13 32.5 22.07 124 112 7 RL 70.5 57.7 1.63 33.8 25.84 145 130 8 RLrP 71.4 56.4 1.79 34.3 26.64 150 125 9 RLrPK 71.6 57.8 1.88 35.9 27.34 154 114 For details concerning original treatments see footnote to Table 24. Annual acre-rates at which materials were applied in additional treatments thru 1942 and last years of application were as follows (all drilled for wheat and hill-dropped for corn): rP, 130 pounds (1929-1941); sP, 74 pounds (1929-1941); mixed fertilizer (2-12-6 or its equivalent), 92 pounds (1929-1941). 156 BULLETIN No. 516 [December, Table 26. CARTHAGE FIELD: Sweet-Clover Green-Manure Tests, Removing vs. Not Removing Fall Hay Crop Residues system corn, oats, wheat (sweet clover) (Average annual acre-yields, 1931-1942) Treatment systems* Corn 12 crops Oats 10 crops Wheat 11 crops Sweet clover 12 crops All crops Value Index 1 2 3 4 RLrP (fall hay removed) . . bu. .. 58.9 bu. 42.0 42.3 49.5 50.7 bu. 22.7 23.6 25.1 24.2 tons .79 1.08 522.93 24.38 25.51 25.10 100 106 111 109 RLrPK (fall hay removed) 67.5 RLrPK (fall hay not removed) . 73.6 . 72.5 a Prior to 1931 all plots had a basic treatment of 8,000 pounds of limestone (L) and 2,400 pounds of rock phosphate (rP) an acre. Since 1931, KC1 has been drilled with wheat at the rate of 100 pounds an acre and hill-dropped for corn at the rate of 50 pounds an acre on Plots 2 and 3. 1945~\ EFFECTS OF SOIL TREATMENT ON SOIL PRODUCTIVITY 157 Table 27. CLAYTON FIELD: Comparison of Soil-Treatment Systems Manure system 1911-1942, corn, oats, red clover, wheat. Residues system 1911-1942, corn, oats, red clover, wheat (sweet clover) (Average annual acre-yields) Long-time yields, 1911-1942, and index of gross values Corn Treatment systems* 30 crops Oats 29 crops Hay 29 crops All crops Wheat 28 crops Value Gross index 1911- 1942 1939- 1942 1 2 3 4 5 6 1 8 9 0... bu. . 36.9 bu. 39.0 49.7 53.9 55.9 41.3 43.8 53.7 56.3 57.0 tons 1.44 2.01 2.62 2.69 1.55b 1.32b 1.84 b 2.14b 2.29*> bu. 18.0= 23.7-= 27.0 29.3 18.2 21.5 25.8 28.4 30.5 15.54 21.15 24.53 25.39 16.40 17.85 21.75 23.23 24.82 100 136 158 163 106 115 140 149 160 137 179 196 202 137 142 161 166 181 M 55.9 ML 63 . 4 MLrP 63.4 38.6 R 48 . 2 RL 57.6 RLrP 58.3 RLrPK 64.1 Last rotation yields, 1939-1942, treatment costs and index of net values Treatment systems* Corn 4 crops Oats 3d crops Hay 4 crops Wheat 4 crops All crops Value Treat- ment costs Net index 1 2 3 4 s 6 7 <) 0... . 59. 3 9 1 8 6 1 49.9 66.6 75.0 73.2 51.0 55.6 69.2 72.4 70.0 1 2 2 2 1 1 1 1 .54 .25 .68 .84 .61" .85" .21 .66 .72 26.0' 31.4' 30.4' 33.3' 23.1 24.8 27.0 29.0 33.5 $21 27 30 31. 21 22, 24 25 28 .25 .85 39 40 ,34 05 ,97 .86 07 $.... 1.77 2.68 4.66 "75 1.33 3.25 6.01 137 168 178 172 137 137 152 145 142 M . 77 ML . . 84. MLrP . . 88. 0... 58 R . . 68. RL 75 RLrP 72. RLrPK . . 78. a Annual acre-rates at which materials were applied thru 1942 and the last years of application were as follows: L, 517 pounds (1922); rP, 274 pounds (1934); K, 106 pounds (1942). b Average of 28 crops. c Average of 27 crops. d Soybeans substituted for oats in 1941. e Average of 3 crops. f Average of 3 crops. 158 BULLETIN No. 516 [December, Table 28. CLAYTON FIELD: Mixed Fertilizer Tests Residues system corn, oats, wheat (sweet clover) (Average annual acre-yields, 1930-1942) Treatment systems* Corn 13 crops Oats 12 crops Wheat 13 crops All crops Value Index Gross Net 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 RL, RL. 5-15-5 bu. 59 6 bu. 53.6 52.3 55.6 56.0 52.4 57.1 53.3 bu. 25.0 19.9 28.2 26.6 21.7 23.0 23.3 223. 22 25, 24 22 23 23 85 .18 51 14 .47 99 ,53 108 100 115 109 101 108 106 96 96 106 101 97 103 96 . 58.2 RL, RL, FT 0-15-5 . . . 61.0 0-15-0 56 3 ... 56.5 RL, RL, 0-0-5 62 0-0-50 61 1 a All plots received 6,667 pounds of limestone in 1930. Mixed fertilizers (except 0-0-50) were applied annually at the rate of 200 pounds broadcast for wheat and 100 pounds hill- dropped for corn. The 0-0-50 was applied at half these rates. (Plot 1 was not included be- cause of drainage difficulties.) Table 29. CLAYTON FIELD: Effects of Soil Treatments on Kentucky Bluegrass (Average annual acre-yields, 1937-1942) Basal treatments M L ML Ib. 694 Ib. 1 139 Ib. 928 Ib. 1 309 N 1 496 2 349 1 657 2 503 sP 1 174 1 552 1 205 1 423 NsP 1 979 2 478 2 041 2 626 NsPK . 2 083 2 515 2 225 2 632 a Annual acre-rates at which materials were applied thru 1942 and the last years of application were as follows: L, 517 pounds (1922); annual application of manure (M) 4,000 pounds, sP (0-45-0) 200 pounds, N [(NH^aSCh] 200 pounds, K (KC1) 200 pounds. EFFECTS OF SOIL TREATMENT ON SOIL PRODUCTIVITY 159 Table 30. DIXON FIELD: Comparison of Soil-Treatment Systems Manure system 1910-1942, corn, oats, red clover, wheat. Residues system 1910-1942, corn, oats, red clover, wheat (sweet clover) (Average annual acre-yields) Long-time yields, 1910-1942 , and index of gross values Corn Treatment systems* 31 crops Oats 30 crops Hay 29 crops Wheat 27 crops All crops Value Gross index 1910- 1942 1939- 1942 1 2 3 4 s 6 7 8 9 0... bu. 46 . 9 bu. 47.2 61.2 64.9 66.3 51.0 53.6 59.5 61.4 61.3 Ions 1.60 2.25 2.40 2.47 1.44 1.25 1.51 1.65 1.75 bu. 22.6 29.8 33.4 35.0 23.2 26.1 30.5 33.7 34.8 $18.51 25.65 27.64 28.50 19.45 20.81 23.50 24.85 25.95 100 139 149 154 105 112 127 134 140 113 158 176 177 112 124 151 159 162 M 69 . 9 ML 74.4 MLrP. . . 75.4 49.9 R 58.1 RL 66.1 RLrP 67.0 RLrPK.. 72.9 Last rotation yields, 1939-1942, treatment costs and index of net values Corn Treatment systems* 4 crops Oats 4 crops Hay 3 crops Wheat 4 crops All crops Value Treat- ment costs Net index 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 . 69.0 41.9 55.8 64.0 65.3 41.9 45.3 56.4 59.6 59.9 1.55 2.13 2.31 2.42 1.36 .81 1.21 1.18 1.28 25.4 35.0 39.9 39.9 25.7 30.1 38.1 41.0 40.9 20. 91 29.31 32.52 32.79 20.68 23.03 27.99 29.41 30.03 $.... 2.18 2.94 4.70 '.'75 1.35 3.10 5.54 113 147 160 152 112 120 144 142 132 M 96.2 ML . . . 103 MLrP . . 102.7 0... . 67.5 R 83 . 2 RL 92.6 RLrP . . 95 8 RLrPK.. 98.9 a Annual acre-rates at which materials were applied thru 1942 and the last years of application were as follows: L, 532 pounds (1922); rP, 250 pounds (1924); K, 100 pounds (1942). 160 BULLETIN No. 516 [December, Table 31. DIXON FIELD: Comparison of Soil-Treatment Systems Modified for the Study of Rock Phosphate and Superphosphate Applied With and Without Limestone Manure system corn, oats, red clover, wheat. Residues system corn, oats, red clover, wheat (sweet clover) (Average annual acre-yields, 1924-1942) All crops Corn Oats Hay Wheat Treatment systems" 19 19 16 19 Index crops crops crops crops Value Gross Net Original treatment (south halves) bu. bu. tons bu. 1 0... 55.4 44.2 1.70 23.9 520.05 100 100 2 M 80.7 59.5 2.36 32.0 28.21 141 130 3 ML 85.3 64.3 2.46 36.0 30.46 152 137 4 MLrP 85.4 64.9 2.55 36.5 30.82 154 130 5 55.7 46.9 1.68 24.2 20.53 102 102 6 R 63.7 49.0 1.24 27.4 21.49 107 103 7 RL 73.3 52.0 1.61 32.8 25.52 127 121 8 RLrP 73.9 59.2 1.75 35.3 26.75 133 118 9 RLrPK 81.1 59.4 1.85 36.3 28.13 140 113 10 55.0 43.4 1.61 23.2 19.81 99 99 Modified treatment (north halves) 1 RL 65.1 47.8 1.18 25.4 $20.90 104 98 2 MrP 81.4 62.5 2.29 33.6 28.76 143 122 3 MLsP 75.4 65.4 2.44 36.2 30.33 151 126 4 MLrP + 84.1 66.4 2.57 35.6 30.57 152 124 5 RsP 62.8 53.9 6 RrP 67.2 55.4 7 RLsP 71.9 62.0 8 RLrP+ 72.6 60.5 9 RLrPKGy 80.3 61.5 .23 30.8 22.49 112 98 .33 31.6 23.69 118 104 .62 35.8 26.49 132 115 .74 34.7 26.49 132 111 .85 36.1 28.07 140 112 10 RLrP 66.6 53.9 1.41 30.2 23.35 116 100 a For details concerning original treatments on north and south halves see footnote to Table 30. Annual acre-rates at which materials were applied in the new treatments on the north halves thru 1942 and the last years of application were as follows: R, (Plots 1, 5, 10) since 1924; L, (Plots 1, 10) 421 pounds (1935); rP, (Plots 2, 6, 10) 305 pounds (1924); sP, (Plots 3, 5, 7) 161 pounds (1942); rP+, (Plots 4, 8) 142 pounds additional (1942); Gy (gypsum), 82 pounds (1930). 7945] EFFECTS OF SOIL TREATMENT ON SOIL PRODUCTIVITY 161 Table 32. DIXON FIELD: Crop-Residues Tests, Legume and Non- legume Residues Applied Separately and in Association With Each Other Residues system corn, oats, wheat, with and without sweet clover (Average annual acre-yields, 1930-1942) Treatment systems 4 Corn 13 crops Oats 13 crops Wheat 13 crops All crops Value Gross index No sweet clover 1 2 3 4 bu 57. 7 9 3 8 bu 44. 42. 44. 45. 5 9 5 8 bu. 21.7 22.1 21.4 22.2 J21 20 21 21 .29 .81 ,47 95 100 98 101 103 Stover 54. 59 59. With sweet clover 1 2 3 4 Stover burned . 68. 3 2 4 53. 53. 51. 52. 2 3 6 1 27.6 27.5 27.7 26.2 25 26 27 27 93 .34 .54 ,51 122 124 129 129 Stover 71. 79 . All crop residues 81. a All plots received 4,000 pounds of limestone in 1929. Table 33. DIXON FIELD: Fertilizer Test With Continuous Corn (Average annual acre-yields, 1932-1942) Treatment systems* Corn 11 crops Value Index Gross Net 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 .. . bu. .. 64.4 532.19 36.72 37.95 31.25 34.58 35.77 34.61 30.85 100 114 118 97 107 111 108 96 100 74 61 97 74 88 100 96 sP, KC1 2-12-6 73.4 sP, KC1, 2-12-6, N 75.9 . . . 62.5 sP, KC1... . 69.2 2-12-6, N . 71.5 2-12-6 69 . 2 61.7 * Annual applications of sP and KC1 were broadcasted ahead of the plow at the rate of 400 and 200 pounds an acre respectively; 2-12-6 was hill-dropped at rate of 132 pounds and N[(NH4>2SO4] was side-dressed at rate of 66 pounds an acre. In 1940, 264 pounds of N(NaNO 3 ) replaced the (NH4) 2 SC>4. 162 BULLETIN No. 516 [December, Table 34. DIXON FIELD: Tests to Determine Nutrient-Supplying Power of Upper Three Horizons of the Soil Profile (A, B, B.) Residues system corn, oats (sweet clover), clover-alfalfa (3 years) (Average annual acre-yields, 1937-1942) Corn Oats Hay All crops Treatment systems* 6 5 5 r Gross Net crops crops crops \ index index A horizon F b* 46 i. ,4 bit 45 ':. 3 U 3 ms 47 23 79 100 99 RI 75 .4 48 .6 3 .83 27 .51 116 108 FT 0-20-0 86 4 56 3 3 97 33 88 142 116 FT 0-20-20 91 3 55 2 4 44 36 17 152 109 KT 0-20-20, N 102 1 58 7 4 41 38, 43 162 105 Bi horizon R. 22.5 18.0 2.71 314.41 61 59 RL 50.9 17.7 3.55 22.30 94 86 RL 0-20-0 70 4 23 7 3 50 26 39 111 84 RL 0-20-20 66 5 26 4 14 27 84 117 74 RL 0-20-20 N 82.4 43.6 4.18 32.60 137 80 62 horizon R. 33.7 14.1 3 47 $18.48 78 76 RL 47.9 15.9 3.75 22.19 93 86 RL 0-20-0 72 8 20 8 3 67 27 07 114 87 RL 0-20-20 ... . 67 2 20 4 4 13 27.42 115 72 RL 0-20-20, N 78.3 42.9 4.22 31.89 134 77 a 0-20-0 and 0-20-20 were applied during 1937-1941 at the rate of 500 pounds an acre until total application was 2,000 pounds. Nitrogen (N) has been applied as sodium nitrate at the rate of 133 pounds an acre. Limestone (L) was applied at the rate of 8,000 pounds an acre in the spring of 1937. 1945} EFFECTS OF SOIL TREATMENT ON SOIL PRODUCTIVITY 163 Table 35. ELIZABETHTOWN FIELD: Comparison of Soil-Treatment Systems Manure and residues systems 1918-1923, corn, soybeans, wheat (sweet clover); 1924-1931, corn, wheat, clover-timothy, wheat (sweet clover); 1932- 1942, corn, winter oats, clover-alfalfa, wheat (sweet clover) (Average annual acre-yields) Long-time yields, 1918-1942, and index of gross values Corn Treatment systems" 24 crops Oats 11 crops Hay 19 crops Wheat 31 crops All crops Gross index Value 1918- 1942 1939- 1942 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 O b ... bu. 11.5 bu. 7.0 22.4 44.9 54.0 7.0 7.9 24.4 42.1 45.3 tons .05 .18 1.37 2.03 .05 .08 .72 1.57 1.70 bu. 4.1 8.3 16.1 21.6 4.1 4.3 10.6 20.1 21.9 3.35 7.29 15.53 19.16 3.35 3.77 10.61 17.07 18.15 100 218 464 572 100 113 317 510 542 95 297 655 794 95 107 357 615 676 M 26.8 ML. ... 46 . 1 MLrP. . . 48.1 . 11.5 R 13.6 RL . . 35 5 RLrP 45 . 4 RLrPK 45 9 Last rotation yields, 1939-1942, treatment costs and index of net values Corn Treatment systems" 4 crops Oats (winter) 4 crops Hay 4 crops Wheat 4 crops All crops Value Treat- ment costs Net index 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 O b 13 4 7.8 25.2 56.7 70.4 7.8 8.8 26.3 49.8 56.3 .05 1.78 2.50 .55 1.22 1.36 3.6 10.4 17.1 24.6 3.6 4.1 11.7 24.0 28.0 #3.17 9.94 21.93 26.60 3.17 3.57 11.97 20.60 22.66 $.... .74 2.33 4.85 ^75 1.41 3.61 6.21 95 275 585 649 95 84 315 507 491 M.. . 42 . 5 ML 71.7 MLrP. . . 71.4 0... 13.4 R 15 1 RL 45 6 RLrP.... 62.5 RLrPK 64 3 * Annual acre-rates at which materials were applied thru 1942 and the last years of application were as follows: L, 587 pounds (1939); rP, 314 pounds (1934); K, 100 pounds (1942). b Plot 5 was used as check because of silting on Plot 1. 164 BULLETIN No. 516 [December, Table 36. ENFIELD FIELD: Comparison of Soil-Treatment Systems Manure and residues systems 1912-1934, corn, oats, mixed hay, wheat (sweet clover); 1935-1942, corn, oats, lespedeza, wheat (sweet clover) (Average annual acre-yields) Long-time yields, 1912-1942, and index of gross values j Ml crops Treatment systems" Corn 29 Oats 30 Hay 29 Wheat 25 Gross > index crops crops crops crops Value 1912- 1942 1939- 1942 1 bu. .. 15.4 bu. 13.9 tons .17 bu. 6.2 $ 5.03 100 89 9 M . . 26.5 21.2 .24 10.1 7.91 157 212 1 ML .. 41.9 35.2 1.36 23.8 16.13 321 445 4 MLrP . . 44 . 4 36.2 1.53 27.1 17.85 355 506 S 0... .. 16.6 13. 2 b .15 7.1 5.27 105 128 6 R 19 9 14. 5b .17= 8.2 6.13 122 151 7 RL .. 31.5 28. 6b 1.04 18.2 12.46 248 276 X RLrP . . 33.3 32. 2 b 1.07 23.1 14.26 283 325 <) RLrPK 43.7 35 5b 1.39 27.6 17.56 349 463 Last rotation yields, 1939-1942, treatment costs and index of net values Corn Treatment systems" 4 crops Oats 4 crops 3 crops Wheat 4 crops All crops Value Treat- ment costs Net index 1 2 4 5 6 7 8 0... 12 .0 .0 .0 .4 .2 .1 .4 ,3 9 21 40 65 68 20 21 40 45 53 .0 .0 .9 .9 .2 d .4 d .O d ,9< ,0 d 1.01 1.26 .59 .70 .67" 5.7 12.2 30.0 35.8 6.6 8.0 16.9 23.2 32.5 $ 4 10 22 25 6 7 13 16 23 .49 .67 .37 .47 ,45 .58 .90 .33 ,29 $.... .78 2.29 4.45 ".75 1.48 3.45 6.05 89 197 399 418 128 136 247 256 343 M 37 ML 57 MLrP 59 .. 17 R 22 RL 31 RLrP 33 RLrPK 58 a Annual acre-rates at which materials were applied thru 1942 and the last years of application were as follows: L, 650 pounds (1939); rP, 283 pounds (1934); K, 100 pounds (1942). b Average of 29 crops. c Average of 27 crops. d Average of 3 crops. e Average of 2 crops. 1945~\ EFFECTS OF SOIL TREATMENT ON SOIL PRODUCTIVITY 165 Table 37. EWING FIELD: Comparison of Soil-Treatment Systems Manure system 1910-1942, corn, oats, mixed hay, wheat. Residues system 1910-1942, corn, oats, mixed hay, wheat (sweet clover) (Average annual acre-yields) Long-time yields, 1910-1942, and index of gross values Corn Treatment systems' 32 crops Oats 33 crops Hay 31 crops Wheat 26 crops All crops Value Gross index 1910- 1942 1939- 1942 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0... bu. ... 11.5 bu. 10.2 16.8 34.5 35.6 11.5 12.3 28.7 31.0 37.4 tons .18 .24 1.42 1.58 .16 .16 .85 .93 1.04 bu. 3.6 7.7 25.5 27.8 3.3 3.5 19.0 23.0 31.6 $ 3.87 6.93 16.78 17.90 3.90 4.11 11.19 12.63 18.60 100 179 434 463 101 106 289 326 481 112 219 579 583 111 137 305 361 631 M 24.3 ML 43 . 2 MLrP 44.2 ... 11.7 R 13.7 RL , 22.5 RLrP . . . 24.5 RLrPK 46.1 Last rotation yields, 1939-1942, treatment costs and index of net values Corn Treatment systems* 4 crops Oats 4 crops Hay 4 crops Wheat 4 crops All crops Value Treat- ment costs Net index 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0... 19 .3 .0 .5 ,2 ,2 6 ,2 ,7 8 11 23 48 50 11 16 37 39 49 .9 .1 .8 .5 .5 .1 .5 .8 .0 1.93 1.94 .49 .68 1.65 4.1 9.9 27.9 28.1 6.1 6.1 23.0 28.3 37.1 $ 4 8 22 22. 4 5 11 13 24. .34 .46 39 57 30 .32 80 99 43 $.... .75 2.49 4.46 "75 1.52 3.33 5.93 112 199 514 468 111 118 266 275 478 M 34 ML. . , 55 MLrP 55 0... 15 R 20 RL 16 RLrP . . . 17 RLrPK 58 Annual acre-rates at which materials were applied thru 1942 and the last year of application were as follows: L, 682 pounds (1938); rP, 258 pounds (1924); K, 100 pounds (1942). Table 37A. EWING FIELD: Value of Crop Yields per Acre Under Different Systems of Soil Treatment, 1910-1944, at Five- Year Intervals* This table is inserted here in order to show the dollar values which are the basis for the percentages used in constructing the graph at the top of page 107 and on the front cover. Treatment systems 1910 1915 1920 1925 1930 1935 1940 1944 RLrPK . $13 18 $12.89 15 70 518.81 $18 76 $19.60 $24.40 $23.51 RLrP.... 11 68 9.93 12 61 15.47 11 S8 11.94 14.78 13.53 RL... 11 S^ 9.73 11 59 12.39 10 87 9.25 12.42 11.78 R 9 79 3.23 4 06 3.96 2. 13 4.23 4.96 6.07 11 ^7 3 62 3 74 3.31 2. 19 3.98 4.00 4.35 Each figure in this table, except for 1910, is a four-year moving average; that is, it is an average of the yield values for the four years ending in the year indicated. By using such an average it is possi- ble to smooth out some of the effects of exceptional seasonal conditions. 166 BULLETIN No. 516 [December, Table 38. EWING FIELD: Comparison of Soil-Treatment Systems Modified for the Study of Combinations of Phosphorus and Potassium Manure system corn, oats, mixed hay, wheat. Residues system corn, oats, mixed hay, wheat (sweet clover) (Average annual acre-yields, 1929-1942) Corn Treatment systems" 14 crops Oats 13 crops Hay Wheat 12 14 crops crops All crops Value Index Gross Net Original treatments (Section C) 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 bu. 12.3 bu 11. 21. 42. 42. 12. 14. 30. 34. 41. 21. 8 2 7 2 6 6 1 3 7 9 Ions .02 .03 1.58 1.88 .03 .02 .47 .66 1.47 bu. 4.5 9.9 30.0 31.8 3.9 4.1 19.5 24.5 34.7 10.5 $ 3 7. 20, 21. 3 4, 10 13 21 7. 83 76 61 84 75 24 .77 15 .88 04 100 203 538 570 98 111 281 343 571 184 100 183 473 454 98 91 242 256 416 140 M . . . 26.5 ML . 45 . 5 MLrP 46 9 .. 12.0 R 14.7 RL 15.9 RLrP . 19.4 RLrPK 48 . 9 + sP 20 3 Supplemented with superphosphate and potash (Section A) 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 +sPK 19 1 20. 29. 46. 46. 20. 35. 39. 40. 43. 21. 5 7 4 9 7 5 3 3 8 .02 .02 2.06 2.15 .02 1.16 1.06 1.33 1.73 11.6 16.4 35.5 35.2 12.6 31.5 33.7 34.5 37.6 13.3 $ 7 10 23. 23. 7 17 19 20 22 8 .06 13 33 43 .95 .93 .40 .56 ,97 ,14 184 264 609 612 208 468 507 537 600 213 103 158 454 409 126 321 385 368 363 131 M +sPK ... . 28.5 ML . . -t-sPK . . 46 . 9 MLrP.. . + sPK 46 3 +sPK . 23.6 RL + sPK. . . 37.4 RL +sPK 40 9 RLrP. + sPK 43 . 3 RLrPK +sPK . . 46 . 8 + sPK 23 4 Supplemented with potash (Section B) 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 + K 15 5 13.1 17.4 47.0 46.7 15.3 33.1 33.3 37.9 43.1 15.2 .02 .03 1.94 2.20 .02 .91 .86 1.40 1.59 5.7 10.0 32.3 35.1 5.6 24.4 24.8 31.6 35.4 6.9 $ 4 8 22 23 4 15 16 19 22 5 .57 .23 .78 .92 .91 .37 .11 .43 .44 .46 119 215 595 625 128 401 421 507 586 143 85 162 491 470 94 302 347 386 397 109 M + K . . . 28.2 ML + K 49 6 MLrP.. 0. .. + K . 49 + K . 16.2 RL + K 36 5 RL.... RLrP. . RLrPK + K + K -j-K 39.6 41.3 49 + K . . . 18.9 Supplemented with miscellaneous treatments (Section D) 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 11) + N 13 6 15.5 17,2 33.0 36.1 17.4 30.2 31.5 37.8 39.1 26.6 .03 .37 .95 1.14 .03 .70 .66 1.09 .92 5.2 8.5 26.3 29.3 7.2 20.3 22.4 27.5 30.0 17.1 $ 4 6 14 16 5 11 12 18 17 9 .49 .31 .77 .65 .73 .83 .21 .00 .21 .75 117 165 386 435 150 309 319 470 449 255 85 165 366 367 83 243 279 357 362 140 M ML. . . MLrP.. 0... R . . (M res.) . . (M res.) . . (M res.) + NK... -j-L 19.6 27.7 25.7 18.3 77 3 RL... . RLrP. . RLrPK .. (Legume res.) 18.5 + Straw 43.7 ..(Kres.) 33.6 + NsPK 26.0 For footnote see p. 167. 1945~\ EFFECTS OF SOIL TREATMENT ON SOIL PRODUCTIVITY 167 Table 39. EWING FIELD: Comparison of Rates and Carriers of Phosphorus Residues system corn, oats (Hubam-lespedeza), wheat (sweet clover) (Average annual acre-yields, 1922-1942) Treatment systems* Corn 20 crops Oats 20 crops Wheat 19 crops All crops Value Treat- ment costs Net value 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 RK. . bu. 17.6 bu. 15.9 20.7 25.6 28.3 20.4 24.7 28.6 bu. 5.8 9.6 15.9 17.9 11.4 17.7 17.5 $ 6 9 12 14 10 13 14 .46 .60 .60 .19 .41 56 ,30 3.35 3.99 4.83 4.98 3.99 5.66 5.99 3.11 5.61 7.77 9.21 6.42 7.90 8.31 RKL . . . . . . 26.6 RKLsP (sP, RKLrP (rP, RKL. . 62 pounds) . . . . 29.4 33 6 28.0 RKLsP (sP, RKLrP (rP, 125 pounds) 30 . 5 286 pounds) 34 6 Annual acre-rates at which materials were applied thru 1942 and the last years of application were as follows: K, 100 pounds (1942); L, 571 pounds (1941); rP and sP, shown in table. Table 39A. EWING FIELD: Corn and Wheat Yields per Acre Under Different Systems of Soil Treatment, 1910-1944, at Five-Year Intervals* This table is inserted here in order to show the actual yields which are the basis for the percentages used in constructing the graphs on page 222. Treatment systems 1910 1915 1920 1925 1930 1935 1940 1944 CORN RLrPK. . bu. . 47.6 bu. 35.3 bu. 41.5 bu. 50.7 bu. 41.2 bu. 49.7 bu. 58.6 bu. 57.3 RLrP.... 50.7 28.2 29.0 31.4 13.4 21.3 27.2 22.7 RL 51.7 30 2 27.5 27.0 13.7 16.2 26.2 17.9 R , 38 . 4 14.2 12.8 13.5 2.2 15.3 18.6 17.7 37.3 14.4 9.7 10.6 1.8 13.1 15.0 13.2 WHEAT RLrPK.. 17 9 21 T 18 7 32.8 28.0 33.5 35.6 36.3 RLrP 10 7 13 4 16 ? 25.5 19.5 23.6 25.7 23.6 RL.... 8 s 10 1 13 1 21.0 17.5 17.2 20.0 20.3 R 8 6 1 9 3 9 4.0 1.4 4.0 5.5 8.4 6 8 1 9 1 6 3.0 1.4 3.5 5.4 5.4 Each figure in this table, except for 1910, is a four-year moving average; that is, it is an average of the yields for the four years ending in the year indicated. By using such an average it is possible to smooth out some of the effects of exceptional seasonal conditions. (Footnote for Table 38) C), 125 pounds (1942); M (Plots 2, 3, 4, Section D), residual since 1928; K (Plot 9, Section D), residual since 1928, when a total of 4,050 pounds of kainit had been applied; N (Plots 1, 5, 10, Section D), 50 pounds NaNOs (1942); sPK (Plot 10), 125 pounds 0-20-20. 168 BULLETIN No. 516 [December, Table 40. HARTSBURG FIELD: Comparison of Soil-Treatment Systems Manure system 1911-1923, corn, oats, red clover, wheat corn, oats, wheat; 1935-1942, corn, corn, oats, clover-alfalfa. 1911-1923, corn, oats, red clover, wheat (sweet clover) corn, oats (Hubarn), wheat (sweet clover) (Average annual acre-yields) 1924-1934, corn, Residues system 1924-1942, corn, Long-time yields, 1911-1942, and index of gross values Treatment systems* Corn 1st yr. 30 crops Corn 2d yr. 19 crops Oats 32 crops All crops Wheat 29 crops Hay 16 crops Value Gross index 1910- 1942 1939- 1942 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 .. bu. .. 48.5 bu. 53.4 66.8 70.2 68.9 54.0 61.1 64.7 64.8 63.6 bu. 48.1 55.1 59.0 58.2 46.2 51.9 49.7 52.1 52.3 bu. 24. 1 1 - 28. 6h 33. 9 b 35. 3b 25.9 29.9 28.0 31.8 31.9 tons 2.19 3.05 3.13 3.13 1.66" 2.00= 1.99 2.04" 1.99 22.42 27.27 29.61 29.82 22.65 26.83 26.80 28.22 27.96 100 122 132 133 101 120 120 126 125 124 161 160 163 105 132 134 138 137 M . 60.2 ML . . 66.6 MLrP . . 66 . 2 . 49.7 R . . 64.9 RL 68 9 RLrP 69 RLrPK , . 66 . 8 Last rotation yields, 1939-1942, treatment costs and index of net values Corn Treatment systems 8 Ist^yr. crops Corn 2d yr. 4 crops Oats 4 crops Wheat 4 crops Hmr All crops 4 crops Value Treat- ment costs Net index 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 .. . 71 .9 .0 .4 .8 .0 ,7 .8 .5 75. 90 91 93. 66 76 75, 74 73 3 .9 ,7 7 ,1 2 3 .4 8 58.2 71.9 71.7 73.0 47.8 53.1 50.9 54.4 52.3 17.9 24.6 23.8 27.6 27.1 2.01 $27 3.35 36 3 . 26 35 3.17 36 23 29 29 30 30 .78 .02 .92 57 56 .67 94 .87 .62 $.... 2.19 2.93 4.70 "75 1.37 3.18 5.78 124 151 147 142 105 129 127 124 111 M 87 ML .... 87 MLrP 91 58 R 80 RL 84 RLrP 84 RLrPK 85 ft Annual acre-rates at which materials were applied thru 1942 and the last years of application were as follows: L, 548 pounds (1921); rP, 258 pounds (1924); K, 100 pounds (1942). b Average of 21 crops. c Average of 8 crops. 1945} EFFECTS OF SOIL TREATMENT ON SOIL PRODUCTIVITY 169 Table 41. HARTSBURG FIELD: Comparison of Soil-Treatment Systems Modified for the Study of Rock Phosphate and Super- phosphate Applied With and Without Limestone Manure system 1924-1934, corn, corn, oats, wheat; 1935-1942, corn, corn, oats, clover-alfalfa. Residues system 1924-1942, corn, corn, oats (Hubam), wheat (sweet clover) (Average annual acre-yields, 1924-1942) Treatment systems" Corn Corn 1st yr. 2d yr. 19 19 crops crops Oats 19 crops Wheat 18 crops Hay All crops Value Index Gross Net Original treatment (west halves) 1 2 M 3 ML 4 MLrP.. 5 0... 6 R 7 RL 8 RLrP. . . 9 RLrPK. 10 0... bu. 50.7 64.8 70.9 71.3 50.2 68.8 72.2 73.5 70.6 53.8 bu. 53.4 66.8 70.2 68.9 54.0 61.1 64.7 64.8 63.6 53.7 bu. 47.8 57.2 58.7 57.9 45.8 49.3 47.2 48.5 49.2 51.1 bu. 23. !>> 28. 8b 33. 6>> 33.7>> 23.2 28.7 26.8 30.8 31.3 25.5 tons 2.52 3.90 3.92 3.82 #22.65 29.05 31.06 30.81 21.86 27.16 27.51 28.66 28.38 23.31 100 100 128 119 137 124 136 115 97 120 121 127 125 103 97 117 115 112 100 103 Modified treatment (east halves) 1 RL 61.7 57.2 47.2 25.6 2 MrP 64.4 68.3 57.7 32. 8 b 3 MLsP 69.8 70.5 59.1 34. 6b 4 MLrP+ 70.5 73.1 57.8 35. 9*> 5 RsP... . 66.5 60.4 52.7 32.2 6 RrP 70.6 64.5 54.1 34.1 7 RLsP 72.8 66.1 53.0 35.4 8 RLrP + 73.1 66.1 52.2 32.0 9 RLrPKGy 70.5 65.3 50.4 31.3 10 RLrP... . 65.7 63.1 48.8 30.9 4.02 4.06 3.92 24.88 29.25 31.24 31.63 27.92 29.50 30.20 29.37 28.68 27.49 110 129 138 140 123 130 133 130 127 121 105 110 116 114 110 118 118 111 101 108 11 Annual acre-rates at which materials were applied thru 1942 and the last years of application were as follows: R (Plots 1, 5, 10) since 1924; L (Plots 1, 10), 211 pounds (1924); rP (Plots 2, 6, 10), 305 pounds (1942); sP (Plots 3, 5, 7), 159 pounds (1942); rP+ (Plots 4 and 8), 163 pounds additional (1942); Gy (gypsum) 89 pounds (1930). b Average of 10 crops. 170 BULLETIN No. 516 [December, Table 42. HARTSBURG FIELD: Comparison of Fertilizers Used as Supplements to Soil-Treatment Systems Residues system 1912-1918, alfalfa hay, 1919-1922, corn, oats, red clover, wheat; 1923-1942, corn, oats, wheat, clover-alfalfa (Average annual acre-yields, 1931-1942) All crops Corn Oats Wheat Hay Treatment systems" 3332 Index crops crops crops crops Value Gross Net Original treatments (west halves) &* i. bt, !. bu. tons 1 75 .7 66 .7 24.3 1.84 325 ,74 100 100 2 M 72 .9 57 .3 21.0 2.10 25 .37 99 95 3 ML 79 .4 ., 66 9 24.3 2.65 24 .88 97 90 4 MLrP 79 ,0 66 5 24.1 3.38 28 .93 112 99 5 0... 76 .0 69 ,2 23.6 2.10 26 .29 102 102 6 R 87 .7 67 ,7 23.9 1.86 27 .39 106 103 7 RL 79 6 64 5 24.2 2.35 27 00 105 99 8 RLrP 83 .5 66 .1 24.6 2.54 28 .11 109 96 9 RLrPK 83 .5 68 6 25.6 3.16 29 .72 115 92 10 0... 76 .8 60 9 23.9 2.50 26 .50 103 103 11 RM 69 .3 59 9 21.3 1.63 23 .12 90 87 12 RML 69 .7 57 8 18.7 2.20 23 32 91 85 13 RMLrP 72 .4 62 5 22.5 2.94 26 49 103 89 14 RMrP 66 .9 67 7 27.1 - 2.32 25. 85 100 89 IS 60 .9 63, 7 21.4 1.71 22. 45 87 87 Superphosphate and mixed fertilizer added (east halves) 1 +sP 78.6 64.2 28.2 2.20 $27.65 107 103 2 M +sP 79.2 64.0 32.3 2.38 29.18 113 105 3 ML +sP 82.1 72.9 32.4 2.90 31.25 121 110 4 MLrP..+sP 76.3 66.1 31.8 3.19 30.28 118 99 5 +sP 81.8 67.8 30.5 2.40 29.39 114 109 6 R + sP 84.7 60.8 31.6 1.97 28.73 112 104 7 RL +sP 84.5 65.4 30.8 2.60 30.00 117 106 8 RLrP..+sP 85.1 67.8 31.9 2.91 31.15 121 103 9 RLrPK + sP 86.5 71.4 32.6 3.32 32.58 127 99 10 +sP 76.3 55.9 30.9 2.33 27.65 107 103 11 RM....+MF 75.7 59.0 30.6 1.96 28.02 109 101 12 RML..+MF 75.7 67.0 29.4 2.93 30.25 118 107 13 RMLrP + MF 72.9 69.1 30.8 3.12 30.72 119 101 14 RMrP.. + MF 69.4 63.3 31.0 2.26 28.33 110 94 15 +MF 66.3 55.7 28.4 1.81 25.61 99 94 a Annual acre-rates at which materials were applied thru 1942 and the last years of application were as follows: M, applied in the fall of 1912, 1918, 1922, none since; L, 567 pounds (1922); rP, 267 pounds (1927); K, 100 pounds (1942); sP, 120 pounds 0-45-0 drilled with wheat and 40 pounds hill-dropped with corn; MF, 243 pounds 2-12-6 drilled with wheat and 81 pounds hill-dropped for corn. 1945} EFFECTS OF SOIL TREATMENT ON SOIL PRODUCTIVITY 171 Table 43. JOLIET FIELD: Comparison of Soil-Treatment Systems Manure and residues systems 1914-1920, corn, oats, red clover, wheat, soy- beans, alfalfa (6 years). Manure system 1921-1930, corn, corn, oats, red clover, wheat, alfalfa (6 years) ; 1931-1940, corn, corn, soybeans, oats, wheat, clover-alfalfa; 1941-1942, corn, soybeans, corn, oats, wheat, clover-alfalfa. Residues system 1921-1930, corn, corn, oats, red clover, wheat (sweet clover), alfalfa (6 years); 1931-1940, corn, corn, soybeans, oats (alfalfa- lespedeza), wheat, clover-alfalfa; 1941-1942, corn, soybeans, corn, oats (alfalfa-lespedeza), wheat, clover-alfalfa (Average annual acre-yields) Long-time yields, 1914-1942, and index of gross values Treatment systems* Corn 1st yr. 28 crops Corn 2d yr. 21 crops Soy- beans 12 crops Oats 28 crops Wheat 25 crops Hay 22 crops All crops Value Gross index 1914- 1942 1939- 1942 1 2 3 4 5 ft 7 X bu. 33 8 bu. 36.8 46.7 52.0 53.3 36.8 38.7 42.1 47.4 53.8 bu. 21.8 24.3 25.2 25.0 22.3 23.3 22.9 23.5 23.8 bu. 53.8 59.3 60.6 63.5 54.0 53.6 55.1 62.6 63.9 bu. 18.9 22.9 25.2 31.2 19.1 19.8 20.3 30.6 33.9 Inns 1.03 1.38 1.62 2.07 1.01 !95 b 1.58 b 1.78b 16.31 19.05 21.12 23.58 15.79 16.15 17.44 21.91 23.73 100 117 129 145 97 99 107 134 145 120 151 159 177 127 122 119 148 158 M 46 . 3 ML 50 . 7 MLrP 51.4 0... 33.8 R 36 . 8 RL ... 40.2 RLrP 47.1 RLrPK 50.4 Last rotation yields, 1939-1942, treatment costs and index of net values Treatment systems* Corn 1st yr. 4 crops Corn 2d yr. 4 crops Soy- beans 4 crops Oats 4 crops Wheat 4 crops Hay 4 crops All crops Value Treat- ment costs Net index 1 2 3 4 5 ft 7 X 9 0... 49 .3 .3 .6 .1 4 ,1 4 .4 6 47.4 64.8 67.4 66.7 49.5 49.0 49.3 58.3 65.8 22.8 25.3 27.4 27.2 22.9 24.2 23.1 24.8 25.6 59.7 66.2 68.6 72.5 61.2 57.5 57.1 67.4 67.0 17.5 23.6 23.3 30.0 19.2 18.7 17.2 28.1 31.2 1.09 1.46 1.68 2.34 1.16 .70" .57" .63"= .62-= J19.58 24.66 25.93 28.79 20.67 19.84 19.44 24.13 25.79 $.... 1.70 2.31 4.48 !?5 1.33 3.43 6.03 120 141 145 149 127 117 111 127 121 M ... 64 ML 68 MLrP ... 74 54 R . . . 54 RL ... 56, RLrP 66 RLrPK . . . 70 Annual acre-rates at which materials were applied thru 1942 and the last years of application were as follows: L, 511 pounds (1922); rP, 299 pounds (1934); K, 100 pounds (1942). b Average of 19 crops. c Average of 3 crops clover-alfalfa seed. 172 BULLETIN No. 516 {December, Table 44. JOLIET FIELD: Comparison of Red Clover and Alfalfa in Soil-Treatment Systems Residues system corn, barley, wheat, red clover or alfalfa (Average annual acre-yields, 1924-1942) Treatment systems" Corn 19 crops Barley 13 crops Wheat 18 crops Hay 17 crops All crops Value Index Gross Net 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Clover RL bu 44 . 9 b 1 9 9 9 1 7 bu 30. 34. 36. 30. 30. 36. 37. 37. 31. 31. 4b 2 1 4 2 5 4 6 4 4 bu. 19. l b 24.4 25.0 19.1 18.9 25.6 25.1 25.4 20.1 19.5 ions .79b .95 .99 .79 .89 1.53= 1.72-= 1.66" 1 . 26 .93 $16 18 19 16 16 20 21 21 17, 16 .55 .92 .97 .55 .55 .87 ,15 .17 69 63 100 114 121 100 100 126 128 128 107 100 95 99 102 95 95 111 110 97 86 95 RLrP 46 . RLrPGy 50 RL 44. Alfalfa RL . . . . . . . 45 . RLrP 50. RL+rP 50. RLrPK 51. RLK . . 47. RL 44. a Annual acre-rates at which materials were applied thru 1942 and the last years of application were as follows: L, 345 pounds (1933); L + , 621 pounds (1933); rP, 232 pounds (1938); Gy, 62 pounds (1942); K, 100 pounds (1942). b Because of chinch bug damage several seasons on Plot 1, data were taken from Plot 4. c Average of 16 crops. 1945] EFFECTS OF SOIL TREATMENT ON SOIL PRODUCTIVITY Table 45. JOLIET FIELD: Phosphate Tests' Residues system wheat, clover-alfalfa (Average annual acre-yields, 1928-1942) b 173 Wheat Treatments 7 crops Hay 5 crops Buck- wheat 1 crop All crops Value Gross index Rock phosujiateof different degrees of fineness: total application 1,500 pounds an acre 1 n bu. 19.0 U 1 ms ,80 In 11 i. 6 $17. 82 100 7 rP 97% 23.6 2 .60 15 9 23, 56 132 ^ rP 82% 23.8 ? .61 17 6 23. 79 134 4 rP 70% 24 7 9 .69 17 6 24 60 138 s rP 62% 23.7 9 .58 15 S 23, 48 132 Rock phosphate applied at different rates" 1 19 3 1 ,86 12 3 18 .18 100 7 rP 20, S ? 11 13 9 19 .76 109- 1 rP . 23 S 7 .47 16 ? 23 .05 127 4 rP 25, 1 ? 76 17 S 25 .05 138 S rP 26 ? .77 15 8 25 .54 140 Phosphate carriers applied in amounts equal in money values' 1 1 16.9 1.87 9.9 16.83 100 2 rP, 2,692 pounds an acre 21.9 2.58 16.7 22.63 134 3 bP, 1,098 pounds an acre 23.1 2.51 16.1 23.03 137 4 sP, 1,484 pounds an acre 24.6 2.39 14.4 23.20 138 5 sP (treble), 731 pounds an acre 25.4 2.55 14.8 24.32 145 * Small field plots in randomized blocks replicated five times. b Wheat failed in 1934 and 1941. c Total amounts applied: half in 1928 and half in 1930. d Total amounts applied thru 1940. 174 BULLETIN No. 516 [December, Table 46. KEWANEE FIELD: Comparison of Soil-Treatment Systems Manure system 1915-1931, corn, oats, red clover, wheat; 1932-1942, corn, oats, wheat, clover-alfalfa. Residues system 1915-1931, corn, oats, red clover, wheat (sweet clover); 1932-1942, corn, corn, oats (Hubam), wheat (sweet clover) (Average annual acre-yields) Long-time yields, 1915-1942, and index of gross values Corn Treatment systems* ^fi^' crops Corn 2d yr. 11 crops Oats 26 crops Wheat 23 crops Hay 24 crops All crops Value Gross index 1915- 1942 1939- 1942 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0.. . bu. 60.7 bu. bu. 52.2 63.8 65.2 65.5 54.2 52.8 56.4 61.7 61.8 bu. 26.5 31.7 34.5 39.0 27.6 29.9 33.4 38.4 38.6 tons 1.64 2.23 2.48 2.66 1.69 b 1 . 38b 1.62b 1.86b 1.92b 522.08 27.33 29.05 30.45 23.78 24.86 27.57 29.83 30.10 100 124 132 138 108 113 125 135 136 102 135 148 158 111 119 148 157 147 M . 76.4 ML 81.2 MLrP 82.5 58 2 67.4 72.0 79.7 81.7 79.2 R .64.2 RL 74.0 RLrP 77 2 RLrPK 78.2 Last rotation yields, 1939-1942, treatment costs and index of net values Corn Treatment systems* Ist^yr. crops Corn 2d yr. 4 crops Oats 4 crops Wheat 4 crops Hay All crops 4 crops Value Treat- ment costs Net index 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 . 76 8 45.0 55.4 61.3 66.2 42.3 40.4 45.4 52.4 47.3 17.6 25.0 28.3 32.3 18.4 22.3 27.3 30.4 27.0 2.10 $22 2.61 29 2 . 89 32 3.08 34 24 26 32, 34, 32. .62 ,70 .57 90 .53 ,27 61 64 42 $. 2 3 5 l! 3 6 .60 .32 .72 ^75 29 50 10 102 123 132 132 111 116 142 141 119 M 102 ML . . 109 4 MLrP 113 ? 0. .. . 63 .6 .6 .8 ,7 70.4 70.7 85.2 88.0 83.5 R . 70 RL 93 RLrP 96 RLrPK 94 a Annual acre-rates at which materials were applied thru 1942 and the last year of application were as follows: L, 482 pounds (1922); rP, 315 pounds (1934); K, 100 pounds (1942). b Average of 14 crops. 1945-} EFFECTS OF SOIL TREATMENT ON SOIL PRODUCTIVITY 175 Table 47. KEWANEE FIELD: Phosphorus Carrier Test, Rock Phosphate vs. Superphosphate With and Without Limestone Residues system 1922-1932, corn, oats, red clover, wheat (sweet clover) ; 1933-1939, corn, corn, oats (Hubam), wheat (sweet clover); 1940-1942, corn, oats (Hubam), wheat, clover-alfalfa (Average annual acre-yields, 1922-1942) Corn Treatment systems 4 1S 2i yr ' crops Corn 2d yr. 7 crops Oats 21 crops Wheat 20 crops Hay 14 crops All crops Value Gross index 1 2 3 4 RrP bu. 76 3 bu. 73.9 73.1 80.2 74.5 bu. 60.5 61.5 61.7 62.0 bu. 37.2 38.0 36.5 40.1 Ions 2.28 2.19 2.28 2.27 #30.04 30.24 31.08 31.36 100 101 103 104 RsP 77 RLrP 83 . 2 RLsP 80 2 8 Annual acre-rates at which materials were applied thru 1942 and the last years of application were as follows: L, 571 pounds (1919); rP, 267 pounds (1942); sP, 115 pounds (1942). Table 48. KEWANEE FIELD: Phosphate Tests" Residues system wheat, clover-alfalfa - (Average annual acre-yields, 1928-1942)" Treatments Wheat Hay 7 4 crops crops Oats 2 crops All crops Value Gross index Rock phosphate of different degrees of fineness: total application 1,500 pounds an acre 1 2 3 4 5 bu. tons 19.9 3.04 bu. 47.3 55.0 52.6 50.3 48.7 22.28 26.74 26.77 27.87 26.27 100 120 120 125 118 rP 97% thru 200-mesh screen 25 3 3 44 rP, 82% thru 200-mesh screen 25 7 3.41 rP, 70% thru 200-mesh screen 27.1 3.56 rP 62% thru 200-mesh screen 24 8 3 47 Rock phosphate applied at different rates 1 2 3 4 5 23.7 2.80 46.1 53.1 52.7 53.2 52.2 23.55 24.99 26.98 28.41 28.69 100 106 115 121 122 rP, 500 pounds an acre 25.1 2.98 27 7 3.14 rP, 2,000 pounds an acre 29.3 3.29 rP, 4,000 pounds an acre 29.6 3.32 Phosphate carriers applied in amounts equal in money values d 1 2 3 4 5 24.1 2.56 46.7 53.6 51.0 52.1 54.6 22.99 29.12 27.71 27.40 28.55 100 127 121 119 124 rP, 2,626 pounds an acre 32.7 2.94 30 . 9 2 . 84 sP, 1,507 pounds an acre 30 . 5 2 . 79 sP (treble) 720 pounds an acre 32 9 2.71 a Small field plots in randomized blocks replicated five times. b Wheat failed in 1934, hay failed in 1941. c Total amounts applied: half in 1928 and half in 1930. d Total amounts applied thru 1940. 176 BULLETIN No. 516 [December, Table 49. KEWANEE FIELD: Phosphate Tests- Residues system continuous wheat (Average annual acre-yields, 1932-1942) b Treatments Wheat 9 crops Gross index Rock phosphate of different degrees of fineness: total application 450 pounds an acre" 1 bu. 176 100 9 rP, 99% thru 200- mesl screen (I) 20.6 117 3 rP 99% thru 200-mesl 20 114 4 rP 97% thru 200-mesl 186 106 S rP 82% thru 200-mesl 20.1 114 6 rP 62% thru 200-mesl 20 6 117 7 ... 18 3 104 Chemical carriers' 1 o . 15.4 100 15.8 103 21 136 19.9 129 21.5 140 Monomagnesium phosphate , 21.0 136 21 2 138 20.9 136 a Small field plots in randomized blocks replicated five times, b Wheat failed in 1934 and 1941. c Total amount applied per acre: ISO pounds in 1932, 1935, and 1938. d Pure chemical phosphates applied annually at rate of 10 pounds of elemental phos- phorus an acre. Table 50. KEWANEE FIELD: Phosphorus Carrier Tests 1 Residues system wheat, clover-alfalfa (Average annual acre-yields, 1937-1942) b Without limestone With limestone Treatments Wheat 4 crops Hay 1 crop Value Wheat 4 crops Hay 1 crop Value 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 b* . . . . 27 i. .8 .5 .7 .1 .7 .1 .8 .7 6 .3 ,5 ,2 tons 2.58 3.00 2.99 3.23 3.09 3.26 3.02 3.31 3.27 3.19 3.31 3.26 3.23 227 33 36 36 29 36 34 34 32 33 32 30 34. .42 .60 .12 .12 .94 16 84 .44 .68 26 44 12 62 bu. 25.6 29.8 35.4 36.7 29.3 33.9 37.8 39.0 37.9 36.9 36.9 36.8 36.5 Ions 2.60 3.01 3.31 3.19 3.29 3.27 3.39 3.50 3.31 3.33 3.62 3.48 3.71 225.66 29.84 34.94 35.72 30.06 33.66 36.98 38.22 36.92 36.16 36.76 36.42 36.64 Rock phosphate (1 200) c 34 Fused phosphate (1 200) .... . . . . 37 Calcined phosphate (1 200) c 37 Rock phosphate (300) d 29 Fused phosphate (300) d . . . . 37 Calcined phosphate (300) d . . . . 36 . 34 32 33 . . . . 32 . . . . 29 . . 35 a Small field plots in randomized blocks replicated five times. "Wheat 1937, 1938, 1940, 1942; clover-alfalfa 1939; clover-alfalfa failure 1941. c All applied in 1936. d Rate of application in 1936, 1937, 1939. e Rates equivalent to phosphorus in 300 pounds of 20-percent superphosphate. Applica- tions made in 1936, 1937, 1939. 1945] EFFECTS OF SOIL TREATMENT ON SOIL PRODUCTIVITY 177 Table 51. KEWANEE FIELD: Organic-Matter Studies Residues system corn, soybeans, oats (with and without sweet clover) (Average annual acre-yields, 1936-1942) Corn bean's Oats A " C PS Treatment systems* 5 3 ,-. cr P s crops cr P s Value Mex bu. bu. bu. 1 37.2 37.4 62.7 $20.07 100 2 Wheat straw before corn 49.3 37.6 63.8 22.87 114 3 (Sweet clover) before corn 73.2 43.0 64.0 28.30 141 4 (Sweet clover) wheat straw before corn 78.2 40.4 59.3 27.66 138 5 (Sweet clover) tops and roots removed at plowing. .. 49.4 40.0 59.4 23.27 116 6 Sweet clover from plot 5 applied for corn 61.7 38.3 58.5- 24.49 122 7 NaNOa (200 pounds for each crop) 62.3 38.2 64.2 25.15 125 8 10 tons green sweet clover for corn 82.2 38.8 62.2 28.27 141 9 4 tons wheat straw for beans in fall 43 . 36 . 7 63 . 7 2 1 . 79 109 a Limestone (6,800 pounds) applied in the fall of 1936. 178 BULLETIN No. 516 [December, Table 52. LEBANON FIELD: Comparison of Soil-Treatment Systems Manure system 1910-1922, corn, oats, red clover, wheat; 1923-1930, corn, soybeans, wheat (Hubam), wheat (sweet clover); 1931-1942, corn, oats, wheat, clover-alfalfa. Residues system 1910-1922, corn, oats, red clover, wheat (sweet clover); 1923-1930, corn, soybeans, wheat (Hubam), wheat (sweet clover); 1931-1942, corn, oats, wheat, clover-alfalfa. (Average annual acre-yields) Long-time yields, 1910-1942, and index of gross values Corn Treatment systems 8 31 crops Oats 22 crops Wheat 37 crops Hay 19 crops All crops Gross index Value 1910- 1942 1939- 1942 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 bu. 36.2 bu. 35.2 39.2 52.8 52.7 39.5 41.0 53.9 55.3 57.7 bu. 21.6 29.7 30.5 31.5 22.4 23.4 29.0 29.8 30.4 tons 1.41 2.73 3.99 4.16 1.61 1.36 2.48 2.71 2.85 $16.29 22.85 26.82 27.18 17.37 18.23 24.14 25.14 26.47 100 140 165 167 107 112 148 154 162 105 202 232 232 134 126 176 194 205 M 53.1 ML 58 4 MLrP 56 7 36 . 1 R 44 2 RL . 58 6 RLrP 59.9 RLrPK 65 3 Last rotation yields, 1939-1942, treatment costs and index of net values Corn Treatment systems* 4 crops Oats 3 crops Wheat 4 crops Hay 4 crops All crops Value Treat- ment costs Net index 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 52 8 41 68 71 72 47 45 68 74 71 .1 .7 .3 6 .7 .3 .0 .6 .9 24.7 34.8 33.9 33.4 26.0 26.9 29.9 32.4 34.5 .74 2.72 4.39 4.53 1.46 .70 1.76 2.16 2.46 $n 32 37 37 21 20 28 31 33. .17 .91 .87 73 .86 .49 ,66 62 33 $.... 2.40 3.68 5.47 .75 1.51 3.26 5.86 105 187 210 198 134 121 167 174 169 M 105.8 ML 112.3 MLrP 108.5 68.0 R 70 RL ... 103.7 RLrP 107.7 RLrPK 112.4 a Annual acre-rates at which materials were applied thru 1942 and the last year of (1942). 1945~\ EFFECTS OF SOIL TREATMENT ON SOIL PRODUCTIVITY 179 Table 53. LEBANON FIELD: Comparisons of Soil-Treatment Systems Modified for the Study of the Effects of Rock Phosphate, Superphosphate, and Mixed Fertilizers Applied in Addition Manure and residues systems corn, oats, wheat, clover-alfalfa (Average annual acre-yields, 1929-1942) Corn Treatment systems 14 crops Oats 12 crops Wheat 14 crops Hay 12 crops All crops Value Index Gross Net No additional treatment (Section A) 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 bu. . 48.9 bu. 41.4 60.9 65.2 65.5 49.0 48.4 63.8 69.6 69.5 bu. 23.4 30.6 32.5 33.0 24.6 26.6 31.1 31.8 33.9 tons .76 2.48 4.28 4.49 1.68 1.22 2.72 3.08 3.23 $16.57 26.69 32.07 32.45 19.98 20.46 27.83 29.47 31.12 100 161 194 196 121 123 168 178 188 100 147 171 163 121 119 159 158 152 M 74.7 ML 77 4 MLrP 76.0 0... . 52.2 R 60 2 RL 76.8 RLrP. . 78 . 2 RLrPK 83 6 Rock phosphate added to all original treatments* (Section B) 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 .. + rP... 46 . 6 41.0 62.6 65.4 63.2 48.7 48.6 63.3 66.5 68.5 26 34 34 34 28 29 31 33 35. .2 .7 3 2 .5 ,7 8 .7 2 2 4 4 1 1 2 3 .77 .63 .33 .63 .98 .64 .95 .06 .25 J16.94 27.98 32.19 32.85 22.06 22.58 28.41 29.43 31.23 102 169 194 198 133 136 171 178 188 96 148 166 159 127 126 156 152 147 M +rP.. . 73.1 ML +rP 73 6 MLrP.. +rP.. 75 . 3 +rP 56 7 R -frP 64.5 RL + rP... 75.5 RLrP. +rP 75 9 RLrP. . 82.2 Superphosphate added to all original treatments* (Section C) 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0. .. +sP . 40.3 36.8 58.8 64.0 63.3 47.4 47.1 64.8 68.4 71.7 24 32 34 34, 30 32 34 35, 37, .9 6 4 .4 5 ,5 4 6 2 4 4 2 1 2 3 .79 .46 .38 .62 .02 .45 .99 .02 .32 $15.58 26.43 31.93 32.36 22.24 22.50 28.82 29.71 31.60 94 160 193 195 134 136 174 179 191 88 139 164 156 128 125 159 154 149 M +sP 69 7 ML + sP... 72.2 MLrP.. .. 71.0 fsP 54.7 R + sP... 63 . 5 RL + sP 72.0 RLrP. + sP .. 73.6 RLrPK +sP.. . 77.9 Mixed fertilizer added to all original treatments* (Section D) 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0... M ML. . . MLrP.. 0... R RL.... RLrP. RLrPK + MF. +MF.. + MF.. + MF.. . 40.3 67.4 73.1 71.8 37.8 58.4 62.6 63.3 46.2 44.6 61.9 66.8 69.8 26 34 35 35, 32 33 36 36 38, .6 6 7 6 2 7 9 1 .87 2.45 4.44 4.54 1.95 1.38 2.93 3.04 3.25 $16.40 26.41 32.44 32.53 22.99 22.48 29.22 29.10 31.40 99 159 196 196 139 136 176 176 189 90 136 165 154 130 122 158 147 145 + MF.. + MF.. + MF., + MF.. + MF . 58.4 64.1 74.5 74.0 78 a For details concerning' original treatment see footnote to Table 52. Annual acre-rates at which materials were applied in additional treatments thru 1942 and the last years of application were as follows (all drilled for wheat and hill-dropped for corn): rP, 139 pounds (1942); sP (0-20-0), 73 pounds (1942); MF (2-12-6), 93 pounds (1942). 180 BULLETIN No. 516 [December, Table 54. LEBANON FIELD: Effects of Soil-Treatments on the Yield of Grass Crops (Average annual acre-yields, 1936-1942) Basal treatment 8 Supplementary treatment Basal treatment* None Supplementary treatment None Legume mixture b Ammo- nium sulfate c Legume mixture b Ammo- nium sulfate" Timothy Redtop 1 Ib. 2 196 Ib. 2 858 3 320 3 989 3 886 2 919 3 370 3 911 4 114 3 546 Ib. 4 427 4 381 4 715 5 179 4 894 4 767 4 973 5 230 4 821 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 Ib. . . 2 612 Ib. 2 804 3 234 3 450 3 552 2 881 3 024 3 389 3 499 3 229 Ib. 4 160 4 325 4 539 4 574 4 726 4 472 4 757 4 603 4 520 2 M 2 439 M . . 2 750 3 ML . 2 804 ML . . 2 706 4 MLrP 2 592 MLrP . . . . . 2 703 5 +sP.. 6 M +sP... 7 ML..+sP... 8 MLrP + rP... 2 013 . 2 518 . 3 166 . 2 885 2 577 0. . . .+sP. M....+sP. ML. .+sP. MLrP+rP. , 2 292 . . 2 386 . . 3 036 . . 2 794 . . 2 660 Bluegrass Orchard grass 1 1 092 1 405 1 597 1 708 1 735 1 437 1 714 1 754 1 753 1 638 2 039 2 231 2 039 2 304 2 207 2 336 2 332 2 451 2 241 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 . . . . 1 378 2 113 2 090 2 138 2 413 2 250 2 228 2 283 2 437 2 244 2 717 2 771 2 737 3 002 2 753 2 730 2 868 2 993 2 821 2 M . 1 230 M . . 1 335 3 ML . 1 269 ML . . 1 725 4 MLrP 1 217 MLrP . . 1 923 5 +sP.. 6 M +sP... 7 ML..+sP... 8 MLrP+rP... 909 . 1 240 . 1 555 . 1 372 1 236 +sP. M....+sP. ML..+SP. MLrP+rP. Average. . . 1 412 . . 1 260 . . 1 305 . . 1 965 . . 1 538 a Annual acre-rates at which materials were applied thru 1942 and the last year of application were as follows: L, 500 pounds (1921); rP, 188 pounds (1921); rP (additional), 161 pounds (1931); sP, 103 pounds (1936). b Alsike clover, white clover, lespedeza. c Top-dressed in spring at the rate of 200 pounds an acre. 1945] EFFECTS OF SOIL TREATMENT ON SOIL PRODUCTIVITY 181 Table 55. McNABB FIELD: Comparison of Soil-Treatment Systems Manure and residues systems 1907-1934, corn, oats, wheat, red clover. Manure system 1935-1942, corn, corn, oats, clover-alfalfa. Residues system 1935-1942, corn, corn, oats (Hubam), wheat (sweet clover) (Average annual acre-yields) Long-time yields, 1907-1942, and index of gross values Corn Treatment systems* ^/^ crops Corn 2d yr. 7 crops Oats 33 crops Wheat 32 crops Hay 32 crops All crops Value Gross index 1907- 1942 1939- 1942 1 2 3 4 5 1 R bu. 71 8 bu. 77.5 74.3 62.4 89.1 82.1 70.5 bu. 58.2 63.1 61.1 66.6 64.1 57.3 bu. 32.7 35.2 32.9 35. 6b 33. 9 30.9 tons 1.73i> 1.76b 2.50t> 2.73 2.60 2.45 J26.57 28.03 28.08 30.57 28.89 27.74 96 101 101 110 104 100 122 117 94 135 128 114 RrP 76.3 70.4 MrP 78.1 M 74.4 0" 73 8 Last rotation yields, 1939-1942, treatment costs and index of net values Treatment Corn systems' Ist 4 yr ' crops Corn 2d yr. 4 crops Oats 4 crops Wheat 4 crops Hay All crops 4 crops Value Treat- ment costs Net index Original treatments (south halves) 1 2 3 4 5 6 R. . . 95.1 77.3 71.0 53.8 90.6 83.1 70.8 53.7 54.7 53.1 69.3 67.8 49.0 32.7 31.3 26.9 3.34 3.32 2.90 $33 . 74 32.36 25.94 37.41 35.39 31.73 $ .75 2.79 4.92 2.72 119 107 94 117 118 114 RrP 92 4 68 . 2 MrP 100 3 M 92.8 95 5 Modified with limestone (north halves) 1 2 3 4 5 6 R...+L. .. RrP+L. . . . 91.0 99 . 4 71.1 80.2 58.4 87.1 83.9 71.6 46.5 58.1 53.1 66.9 67.5 58.7 32.8 34.8 29.8 3.27 3.49 3.18 31.95 35.50 28.07 37.13 36.55 33.37 1.87 3.91 1.12 5.95 3.94 1.12 108 114 97 112 118 116 0. ..+L. .. MrP+L . . 74.7 104.4 M..+L... 0...+L... 98.3 96.4 Annual acre-rates at which materials were applied thru 1942 and the last year of application were as follows: L, 1,000 pounds (1935); rP, 292 pounds (1934). b Average of 24 crops. c Not established until 1922. 182 BULLETIN No. 516 [December, Table 56. MINONK FIELD: Comparison of Soil-Treatment Systems Manure system 1910-1922, corn, oats, red clover, wheat; 1923-1934, corn, corn, oats, wheat; 1935-1942, corn, corn, oats, clover-alfalfa. Residues sys- tem 1910-1922, corn, oats, red clover, wheat (sweet clover) ; 1923-1942, corn, corn, oats (Hubam), wheat (sweet clover) (Average annual acre-yields) Long-time yields, 1910-1942, and index of gross values Corn Treatment systems* ^o^ crops Corn 2d yr. 18 crops Oats 30 crops Wheat 28 crops Hay 18 crops All crops Gross index Value 1910- 1942 1939- 1942 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0... bu. 55.7 bu. 57.6 67.1 64.3 65.0 55.4 64.6 64.0 63.2 60.1 bu. 57.2 60.5 57.6 56.8 52.8 57.3 56.1 56.6 57.0 bu. 29. 9b 33. 2b 31. 5b 33. Ob 26.9 30.1 27.9 30.5 30.5 tons 2.46 2.84 2.68 2.75 1.68" 1.75 1.69= 1.69" 1.59 25.06 28.14 27.47 27.86 23.36 26.29 25.70 26.42 25.97 100 112 110 111 93 105 103 105 104 119 144 137 140 111 130 123 129 128 M 66 . 1 ML 67 1 MLrP 67.7 0... . 54.8 R . 65 5 RL 67.1 RLrP 67 9 RLrPK 65 4 Last rotation yields, 1939-1942, treatment costs and index of net values Corn Treatment systems* Ist 4 yr ' crops Corn 2d yr. 4 crops Oats 4 crops Wheat 4 crops Hmr All crops 4 crops Value Treat- ment costs Net index 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0... 84 9 7 7 3 5 5 2 70.4 87.0 82.3 86.0 71.8 80.6 78.3 77.7 74.8 62.2 69.3 62.7 61.6 50.7 57.1 48.7 49.2 50.7 20.5 24.5 22.4 25.9 27.3 2.33 $29.91 3.02 36.08 2.61 34.24 2.78 35.10 27.84 32.54 30.92 32.27 32.04 $. 2 2 4 1 3 5 19 63 42 75 35 10 70 119 135 126 122 111 127 118 116 105 M 99 ML 101 MLrP 102 79 R 96 RL 95 RLrP 99 RLrPK 94 a Annual acre-rates at which materials were applied thru 1942 and the last year of application were as follows: L, 532 pounds (1922); rP, 250 pounds (1924); K, 100 pounds (1942). b Average of 19 crops. c Average of 9 crops. Table 56A. MINONK: Value of Crop Yields per Acre Under Different Systems of Soil Treatment, 1910-1944, at Five- Year Intervals 8 This table is inserted here in order to show the dollar values which are the basis for the percentages used in constructing the graph at the bottom of page 107 and on the front cover. Treatment systems 1910 1915 1920 1925 1930 1935 1940 1944 RLrPK. 18 99 21 .82 24.55 29. 70 26.56 23.25 33.23 30 . 36 RLrP 18 ,19 22 .29 25.68 10 10 26.60 23.31 33.69 29.72 RL 18 30 22 .45 25.12 28, 25.60 22.82 33.07 27.59 R 18 71 SS 25.21 29. 38 25 . 42 22 . 80 35 . 08 28.54 18, 37 22 .68 23.01 24. 21 20.84 19.56 30.99 24.63 a Each figure in this table, except for 1910, is a four-year moving average; that is, it is an average of the yield values for the four years ending in the year indicated. By using such an average it is possi- ble to smooth out some of the effects of exceptional seasonal conditions. 1945-} EFFECTS OF SOIL TREATMENT ON SOIL PRODUCTIVITY 183 Table 57. MT. MORRIS FIELD: Comparison of Soil-Treatment Systems Manure system 1910-1931, corn, oats, red clover, wheat; 1932-1942, corn, oats (Hubam), wheat, red clover. Residues system 1910-1931, corn, oats, red clover, wheat (sweet clover); 1932-1942, corn, corn, oats (Hubam), wheat (sweet clover) (Average annual acre-yields) Long-time yields, 1910-1942, and index of gross values Corn Treatment systems* ^zo*' crops Corn 2d yr. 11 crops Oats 30 crops Wheat 28 crops Hay 25 crops All crops Value Gross index 1910- 1942 1938- 1942 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 1 9 bu. 50 5 bu. bu. 52.5 62.5 67.2 67.8 47.5 50.3 60.6 62.2 62.7 bu. 21.7 26.7 31.7 32.7 20.0 21.5 28.1 31.4 32.4 Ions 1.64 2.13 2.58 2.49 1.63b 1.57t> 2.05t 2.06b 2.15b $20.07 25.00 27.76 27.83 19.05 20.55 25.90 27.20 28.17 100 125 138 139 95 102 129 136 140 120 152 168 165 91 102 152 163 171 M 68 . 2 ML 74.4 MLrP . . . ... 73 9 0... 45.0 43.7 51.3 69.7 72.1 74.8 R. . . 52 9 RL , 67.8 RLrP 70.6 RLrPK 73 9 Last rotation yields, 1939-1942, treatment costs and index of net values Corn Treatment systems Ist^yr. crops Corn 2dyr. 4 crops Oats 4 crops Wheat 4 crops H-itr All crops 4 crops Value Treat- ment costs Net index 1 2 3 4 5 t 1 8 9 0... . 64.7 55.1 65.2 75.3 74.2 41.9 43.0 55.3 58.5 58.1 27.8 33.7 37.4 37.5 20.0 21.4 30.4 33.7 34.9 1.97 $24 2 . 30 30 2.55 33 2.32 33 18 . . 20 . . 30 . . 32 . . 34 09 46 73 20 28 50 50 72 25 $. 2 3 4 1 3 5 17 06 97 75 33 19 79 120 141 153 141 91 98 145 147 142 M 91.2 ML 98.8 MLrP 99 7 0... . 41.8 39 43 67 70 73 2 7 6 2 R 52 4 RL 82 . 2 RLrP 88 7 RLrPK 96.1 Annual acre-rates at which materials were applied thru 1942 and the last year of application were as follows: L, 517 pounds (1922); rP, 266 pounds (1934); K, 100 pounds (1942). b Average of IS crops. 184 BULLETIN No. 516 [December, Table 58. MT. MORRIS FIELD: Comparison of Soil-Treatment Systems Manure system 1913-1920, potatoes (2 years), alfalfa (6 years); 1921-1924, corn, barley, sweet clover, alfalfa; 1925-1933, corn, barley, mixed hay, alfalfa (4 years); 1934-1942, corn, barley, clover-alfalfa, alfalfa (4 years) (Average annual acre-yields, 1921-1942) Treatment systems 4 Corn 22 crops Barley 22 crops Hay 15 crops Alfalfa 25 crops All crops Value Index Gross Net 1 2 3 4 bu. .. 76.8 bu. 36.4 41.1 49.1 48.6 Ions 1.92 2.21 3.12 3.10 tons 1.95 2.22 3.38 3.51 23.43 25.88 32.62 32.83 100 110 139 140 100 107 133 127 M .. 75.8 ML .. 82.3 MLrP 81 2 a All treatments residual since 1919 when 18,000 pounds of limestone, 7,000 pounds of rock phosphate and 60,000 pounds of manure had been applied. Table 59. MT. MORRIS FIELD: Comparative Effects of Timothy, Soybeans, Red Clover, and Alfalfa in Crop Rotations Cropping practices: corn, oats, and either timothy, soybeans, red clover, or alfalfa (Average annual acre-yields, 1928-1942) All crops Hay Treatment systems" 11 10 9 Index Gross Net bu. bu. tons 1 L. . . .Timothy 59.5 51.1 1.00 J18.34 100 99 2 LrP. . .Timothy 64.0 55.2 1.17 20.28 111 103 1 L . . Red clover . 73.4 59.6 2.47 25.61 140 138 4 LrP. . . Red clover 74.1 58.5 2.64 26.32 144 136 S L . Alfalfa 78.2 55.8 2.27 25.06 137 135 6 LrP. . .Alfalfa 81.0 57.0 2.05 25.11 137 129 7 L. ., , .Soybeans . 67.9 52.9 2.40 22.57 123 122 8 LrP. . .Soybeans 70.4 53.1 2.41 23.44 128 120 a Annual acre-rates at which materials were applied thru 1942 and the last year of application were as follows: L, 222 pounds (1931); rP, 163 pounds (1938). 1945] EFFECTS OF SOIL TREATMENT ON SOIL PRODUCTIVITY 185 Table 60. NEWTON FIELD: Comparisons of Soil-Treatment Systems Manure system 1912-1925, corn, soybeans, wheat; 1926-1931, corn, oats, wheat, mixed hay; 1932-1937, corn, oats, wheat (sweet clover-lespedeza), redtop (4 years); 1938-1942, corn, soybeans, wheat (sweet clover-lespedeza), redtop (4 years). Residues system 1912-1925, corn, soybeans, wheat (sweet clover); 1926-1931, corn, oats (Hubam), wheat, mixed hay; 1932-1937, corn, oats (Hubam), wheat (sweet clover-lespedeza), redtop (4 years); 1938-1942, corn, soybeans, wheat (sweet clover-lespedeza), redtop (4 years) (Average annual acre-yields) Long-time yields, 1912-1942, and index of gross values Treatment systems 4 Corn 35 crops Soy- beans 22 crops Wheat 31 crops All crops seed 10 crops Gross index Value 1912- 1942 1939- 1942 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 . bu. Ill bu. 6.5 9.6 14.1 15.2 6.8 6.6 10.2 10.8 13.1 bu. .9 3.2 16.1 21.3 2.0 2.0 10.6 16.5 22.4 bu. 6.4 6.9 8.8 9.3 5.7 6.6 8.5 8.0 7.9 $ 4.14 6.96 13.99 16.00 4.67 4.79 9.33 11.08 14.60 100 168 338 386 113 116 225 268 353 120 231 477 539 142 158 306 331 451 M .. 20.8 ML .. 34.0 MLrP . . . . 34.4 0... 11.8 R 12 6 RL . 18.9 RLrP .. 18.9 RLrPK 28 1 Last rotation yields, 1939-1942, treatment costs and index of net values Corn Treatment systems* 4 crops Soy- beans 4 crops Wheat 4 crops Redtop seed 4 crops All crops Value Treat- ment costs Net index 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 r 9 0... 6 .8 6 6 1 .5 .2 5 7 13 21 23 10 10 13 13 19 .8 .2 .0 .5 .1 .1 .9 .6 9 2.2 6.2 23.0 27.0 3.4 3.9 15.3 20.9 26.7 6.6 6.7 8.8 9.4 4.7 5.6 7.6 7.9 5.7 $ 4 9 19 22 5 6 12 13 18, .97 .55 .73 31 .87 .56 66 69 68 $.... .76 1.96 4.04 "75 1.29 3.21 5.81 120 212 429 441 142 140 275 253 311 M 24 ML .... 54 MLrP 60 0... , . . . 10 R 14 RL 29 RLrP 29 RLrPK 46 * Annual acre-rates at which materials were applied thru 1942 and the last year of ication were as follows: L, 475 pounds (1938); rP, 274 pounds (1934); K, 100 pounds 2). ear of appli (1942). 186 BULLETIN No. 516 [December, ^ (/) c" a to O " f\r n Qj 3 Si < y i ^ 4 C/) -4 w , D JSaj i > ^ ^^1^ I > 5, ^ -2 4J _* fi OJ *J ng >- w CO rtj CO OC * > O >, ^H n, Si S -^ w O^2 ;} u J3 " J S**" *^ a J . N 3i fe ' ? Nil l^gj E L) r^ E I oo c *^ U i. ^ ^ q S S Z ^ *^. "^ 0) W 5 -- 5 Eg II I 8 - 1 * >^r 4 i ^ 3 ^ a! i H H U a -M >, H * to B B 1 2 H ti a^^oovo^ oaoo^^^ E O IO 2 a i S;SMS ^t r^. \o ?*3 i/) fM fO 2 2 u. O I o (U 3 ^r-^gg^ 10 -H 00 t^ O 00 m oo ot^t^t^ O O 0000 CSO T3 .Si "S a ca 1 s ^- CS t-- \O 00 00 f*5 S^' O O C^ f^ EN \O f kainit wa ~ oo >. Q 3 caoo o '-t CN CN CS CS fS g o 10 ^ 10 o i/i ^ CN CS CS CN CS xC i/) 10 i/> O O '-I CS CN CN CS CN 500 pounds c 3- b S'S & * "o "3 o 38"* (U CO Jill 3 O a o 8 Oi j? O-*Or^ooo 25 i-< CS ^5 CS CS rO 3 O a es Ov SSSsSI 3 O a 2 t^ t^ 00 O 00 CS < fi CJ . Ctf Cfj gl CO en O a a U 1 E i a a rt - -^NOJCSiN S B i "a a rt (NCNtS N tN f^ tSOO O OMO o E 1-1 CNCSCS CSCN .al of 8,000 acre-rate of " D. 3 oc o il limestone ^ cs i^. oo f~ t^> \n 1 limestone < [ limestone ; 00 CS O <"5 00 W> >lots to a to the annual )0). ^ b 0) W H H H >plied to all j en applied a inch. :d as base (V Limestone fin screen tes . . E E . E OO-OT3 .-.BE. . E . .-.BE. E OO13T3 rock phosphate had been aj en muriate of potash has be to screen meshes per linear f Plots 1, 7, and 13 were us B a) 2 --Z.-Z.- Ujjjj ^ .JjJJ J Prior to 1928 ?, and since th lumbers refe The average c H P^^rtOi^^ Q^ PH P^ P^ PH "g-O G 1945~\ EFFECTS OF SOIL TREATMENT ON SOIL PRODUCTIVITY 187 Table 62. NEWTON FIELD: Effects of Different Soil Treatments on Pasture and Hay Crops (Average annual acre-yields, 1936-1942) Yields under different soil treatments' 1 Pasture and hay crops" Calcium cyanamide 200 pounds Sodium nitrate 250 pounds Ammonium Soybean sulfate meal 200 600 pounds pounds Legume seed- ings None Redtop . .(7) Ib, 3 234 3 840 1 958 1 676 928 1 995 3 199 2 916 1 931 2 455 Ib. 3 785 4 389 2 226 2 390 1 320 2 212 2 805 3 463 2 259 3 168 Ib. 3 808 4 413 2 432 2 596 1 190 2 430 2 807 3 989 2 708 3 625 Ib. 3 538 4 016 1 894 2 178 979 2 382 2 634 3 409 2 147 3 247 Ib. 3 677 3 592 2 143 2 217 1 718 2 382 2 568 2 742 2 280 2 939 Ib. 3 047 3 528 1 822 1 785 1 016 2 097 2 847 2 521 2 296 2 933 Timothy . .(7) Bluegrass . .(6) . .(5) Bromegrass . .(5) Alfalfa . .(7) - .(5) (6) Redtop, timothy, bluegrass . . Redtop, timothy, bluegrass, ..(6) .(6) a Figures in parentheses denote number of crops in average. b Figures denote amounts applied annually per acre in pounds. All plots received muriate of potash at the annual acre-rate of 100 pounds. This soil received limestone and rock phosphate prior to this experiment. 188 BULLETIN No. 516 {December, Table 63. OBLONG FIELD: Comparisons of Soil-Treatment Systems Manure and residues systems 1912-1934, corn, oats, mixed hay, wheat (sweet clover); 1935-1942, corn, soybeans, wheat (sweet clover), timothy (4 years) . (Average annual acre-yields) Long-time yields, 1912-1942 , and index of gross values Corn Treatment systems* 30 crops Soybeans 8 crops i Wheat 28 crops Hay 30 crops All crops Value Gross index 1912- 1942 1939- 1942 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 g 9 0. .. bu. 22.3 bu. 9.4 14.5 22.2 24.3 10.2 11.2 14.3 12.2 19.9 bu. 8.4 13.2 23.1 27.6 8.4 10.8 19.2 25.1 27.8 tons .52 .68 1.60 1.76 .54 .61 1.42 1.55 1.84 $ 7.39 11.27 18.40 20.19 8.00 9.50 14.78 16.70 20.50 100 153 249 273 108 129 200 226 277 130 220 344 385 132 159 236 251 347 M ... 35.7 ML . . 49 . 6 MLrP. . . 50.3 . ... 22.6 R . . 27.7 RL 34.6 RLrP 36 4 RLrPK 51.3 Last rotation yields, 1939-1942, treatment costs and index of net values Corn Treatment systems' 4 crops Soybeans 4 crops Wheat 4 crops Hay 4 crops All crops Value Treat- ment costs Net index 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 26.4 10.5 16.0 22.1 24.5 11.0 12.1 13.6 10.8 18.7 6.0 11.9 25.8 31.2 5.4 7.2 15.8 24.2 27.3 .86 1.16 1.84 2.12 .90 .90 1.50 1.51 1.97 $ 9.58 16.29 25.40 28.48 9.72 11.72 17.41 18.55 25.67 *.... 1.40 2.53 4.48 "75 1.49 3.30 5.90 130 201 309 325 132 148 215 206 268 M 51.4 ML 70.8 MLrP. . . 74.0 0... 26.8 R 37 1 RL 50 4 RLrP 48 . 2 RLrPK. . 74.0 Annual acre-rates at which materials were applied thru 1942 and the last years of application were as follows: L, 661 pounds (1939); rP, 258 pounds (1924); K, 100 pounds (1942). 1945] EFFECTS OF SOIL TREATMENT ON SOIL PRODUCTIVITY 189 Table 64. OBLONG FIELD: Comparisons of Soil-Treatment Systems Modified for the Study of Various Phosphorus Carriers Manure and residues systems 1925-1934, corn, oats, mixed hay, wheat (sweet clover) ; 1935-1942, corn, soybeans, wheat (sweet clover), timothy (4 vGcirs ) (Average annual acre-yields, 1925-1942) All crops Corn Soybeans Wheat Hay Treatment systems 4 18 8 17 8 Index crops crops crops crops Value Gross Net Original treatments (south halves) l>u. bu. ha. tons 1 23.7 9.4 9.4 .70 58.47 100 100 2 M 40.8 14.5 13.9 .92 12.97 153 137 3 ML 56.5 22.2 26.8 1.82 22.01 260 230 4 MLrP 56.4 24.3 30.5 2.11 23.71 280 227 5 22.7 10.2 8.2 .77 8.39 99 99 6 R 29.2 11.2 10.8 .81 10.06 119 110 7 RL 34.6 14.3 19.1 1.45 15.55 184 166 8 RLrP 36.2 12.2 25.7 1.53 17.44 206 167 9 RLrPK 57.1 19.9 30.0 1.93 23.08 272 203 10 24.0 8.6 8.4 .79 8.51 100 100 Modified treatments (north halves) 1 RLsP... 28.4 10.3 22.5 1.06 $13.48 159 121 2 MLrP 45.8 17.6 26.1 1.38 18.32 216 171 3 MLsP 57.9 22.2 33.0 2.15 24.19 286 225 4 MLrP- 1 " 53.9 23.1 32.0 1.88 23.42 277 222 5 RLdiP... . 30.9 12.9 23.0 1.05 14.62 173 138 6 RLrP 35.0 12.0 23.3 1.02 15.10 178 143 7 RLbP 36.7 12.0 25.9 1.51 17.69 209 145 8 RLrPsP 38.2 13.5 26.8 1.50 18.05 213 153 9 RLrPKMF 55.9 21.9 32.3 1.87 23.75 280 185 10 RLkP 37.3 11.6 21.2 1.36 15.59 184 146 a For details concerning original treatments on south and north halves see Table 63. Annual acre-rates at which materials in additional treatments on north halves were applied thru 1942 and the last years of application were as follows: R (Plots 1, 5, 10) since 1925; L (Plots 1, 2, 5, 6, 10), 444 pounds (1939); sP (Plots 1, 3), 149 pounds (1942); diP (dicalcium phosphate), 134 pounds (1942); sP (Plot 8), 130 pounds (1942); rP (Plot 2), 267 pounds (1942); rP+ (Plot 4), 287 pounds (1938); rP (Plot 6), 246 pounds (1942); bP, 164 pounds (1942); MF, 2-12-6, 142 pounds (1942); kP (potassium phosphate), 132 pounds (1942). 190 BULLETIN No. 516 [December, Table 65. OBLONG FIELD: Effects of Soil-Treatment Practices on the Yield of Timothy Manure and residues systems corn, soybeans, wheat (sweet clover), tim- othy (4 years) (Average annual acre-yields, 1935-1942) Yields under different supplementary treatments' 3 Basal treatment systems* Ammonium Calcium Nnnp sulfate cyanamid (250 (250 pounds) pounds) Sodium nitrate (333 pounds) 1 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 t( jns .79 .06 .38 .15 .88 .05 .02 .51 .50 .87 36 tons 1.76 1.81 2.18 2.96 2.69 1.94 1.94 2.40 2.26 2.60 2.25 tons 1.60 1.67 1.99 2.92 2.52 1.52 1.74 2.06 2.04 2.54 2.07 Ions 2.00 1.92 2.29 2.96 2.94 2.21 2.20 2.50 2.72 3.01 2.44 RLsP 1 MLrP . 1 MLsP 2 MLrP + 1 RLdiP 1 RLrP ... . ... 1 RLbP 1 RLPsP 1 RLrPKMF 1 RLkP 1 a See Table 64 for rates at which materials were applied. b Figures in parentheses denote annual acre-applications, 2/3 top-dressed in early spring and V3 in fall. Table 66. OBLONG FIELD: Comparison of Cropping Practices Cropping practices 1912-1920, potatoes, corn, soybeans, alfalfa; 1921-1934, corn, oats, legumes, wheat (sweet clover); 1935-1942, corn, oats, wheat (sweet clover) vs. corn, soybeans, soybeans (Average annual acre-yields) All crops Rotations* Corn beans" beansc Value Gross index Long-time yields, 1935-1942 Corn, Corn, oats, wheat (sweet clover) . . bu. . 57.7 . 56 1 bu. bu. bu. bu. 37.1 26.0 #21.99 19 9 17 6 21 85 100 99 Four-year yields, 1939-1942 Corn, Corn, oats, wheat (sweet clover) . . soybeans, soybeans . 63.7 ... 62 . 4 39.3 28.0 23.88 18.2 19.9 23.10 109 105 a These areas received regular applications of M, rP, K, and L prior to 1921. Begin- ning in 1934 muriate of potash has been applied at the annual acre-rate of 100 pounds. b First year soybeans. e Second year soybeans. 1945] EFFECTS OF SOIL TREATMENT ON SOIL PRODUCTIVITY 191 Table 67. OQUAWKA FIELD: Comparison of Soil-Treatment Systems Manure system 1915-1925, corn, soybeans, wheat, sweet clover, redtop, alfalfa (6 years); 1926-1942, corn, soybeans, redtop, clover-alfalfa, wheat, alfalfa (6 years). Residues system 1915-1925, corn, soybeans, wheat, sweet clover, rye (sweet clover), alfalfa (6 years); 1926-1942, corn, soybeans, rye, clover-alfalfa, wheat (sweet clover), alfalfa (6 years) (Average annual acre-yields) Long-time yields, 1915-1942, and index of gross values Treatment systems* Corn 28 crops Soy- beans 28 crops Rye 26 crops Hay 10 crops Wheat 28 crops Alfalfa 25 crops All crops Value Gross index 1915- 1942 1939- 1942 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 bu. . 21.8 bu. 10.0 11.8 16.4 16.3 8.8 9.5 13.1 13.3 15.0 bu. 11.4 14.1 20.3 19.8 11.7 12.5 18.3 18.5 19.2 tons .04 .22 2.13 2.25 .08 .04 .97 .99 1.32 bu. 8.9 12.6 18.4 19.1 10.4 11.0 15.9 16.0 17.0 tons .44 1.15 2.43 2.50 .83 .85 2.22 2.14 2.44 $ 7.28 10.56 17.14 17.47 7.93 8.70 14.70 14.59 16.16 100 145 235 240 109 120 202 200 222 94 139 256 262 105 122 200 189 248 M 31.0 ML 41 MLrP 41.0 0. . . 22.9 R 27 3 RL 40 3 RLrP . . . . 40 . 1 RLrPK 42/5 Last rotation yields, 1939-1942, treatment costs and index of net values Treatment systems 1 Corn 4 crops Soy- beans 4 crops Rye 4 crops Hayb 3 crops Wheat 4 crops Alfalfa 4 crops All crops Value Treat- ment costs Net index 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 33 ,4 9 8 4 7 9 9 1 8.7 12.3 16.1 16.6 8.3 10.1 13.6 13.1 18.0 9.8 13.0 14.7 13.8 9.8 10.2 12.3 12.6 13.2 2.06 2.37 .58 .60 1.10 9.4 14.1 23.2 24.4 12.3 10.8 16.5 16.6 21.2 1.45 1.45 1.37 1.10 2.03 $ 6.83 10.10 18.64 19.11 7.68 8.90 14.54 13.75 18.09 $.... .78 1.96 4.14 '!75 1.52 3.68 6.28 94 128 229 206 105 112 179 138 162 M ... 49 ML ... 63 MLrP 62 0. .. . . . 37 R . 50 RL . . 60 RLrP . . . 56 RLrPK . 63 a Annual acre-rates at which materials were applied thru 1942 and the last year of application were as follows: L, 684 pounds (1941); rP, 308 pounds (1937); K, 100 pounds (1942). b Crop failure in 1940. 192 BULLETIN No. 516 [December, Table 68. RALEIGH FIELD: Comparisons of Soil-Treatment Systems Manure and residues systems 1910-1942, corn, oats, mixed hay, wheat (sweet clover) (Average annual acre-yields) Long-time yields, 1910-1942 , and index of gross values Treatment systems" Corn 32 crops Oats 31 crops Hay 31 crops Wheat 25 crops All crops Value Gross index 1910- 1942 1939- 1942 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0. . . bu. .. 12.9 bu. 12.6 20.4 32.3 33.9 14.7 16.4 27.4 32.5 32.7 tons .24 .41 1.44 1.58 .19 .23 .81 .95 1.28 bu. 5.4 9.3 21.7 24.2 6.7 7.9 . 16.8 20.9 26.7 $ 4.72 7.93 16.11 17.18 5.07 5.89 11.88 13.75 16.92 100 168 341 364 107 125 252 291 358 92 201 450 482 119 136 285 343 494 M .. 26.5 ML . . 42 . 7 MLrP . . 43 . 5 14.7 R .. 18.0 RL . . 32 . 7 RLrP 35 5 RLrPK . 45.7 Last rotation yields, 1939-1942, treatment costs and index of net values Treatment systems* Corn 4 crops Oats 4 crops Hay 4 crops Wheat All crops 4 crops Value Treat- ment costs Net index 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 .. . 11.7 20.9 32.2 50.8 50.3 22.7 26.4 41.7 48.5 48.1 .02 .08 1.68 1.99 .64 .84 1.61 5.0 13.1 27.0 29.4 7.7 7.8 19.6 26.6 33.6 $ 4.33 9.49 21.23 22.77 5.63 6.40 13.46 16.17 23.30 $.... .72 2.31 4.31 '.'75 1.52 3.33 5.93 92 186 401 391 119 120 253 272 368 M 28 9 ML 51.8 MLrP . 53.4 16 1 R . 19.9 RL . 30.6 RLrP 30 3 RLrPK . 58.3 * Annual acre-rates at which materials were applied thru 1942 and the last year of application were as follows: L, 682 pounds (1938); rP, 258 pounds (1924); K, 100 pounds (1942). 1945] EFFECTS OF SOIL TREATMENT ON SOIL PRODUCTIVITY 193 Table 69. RALEIGH FIELD: Comparison of Soil-Treatment Systems Modified for the Study of Rock Phosphate and Superphosphate Applied With and Without Limestone Manure and residues systems 1924-1942, corn, oats, mixed hay, wheat (sweet clover) (Average annual acre-yields, 1924-1942) All crops Corn Oats Hay Wheat Treatment systems* 19 18 19 17 Index crops crops crops crops Value Gross Net Original treatments (west halves) 1 0... bu 10. 1 bu 14. 7 tons .14 bu. 4.9 $ 3 .88 100 100 ? M 24. 1 26. 6 .29 9.8 8 02 207 188 1 ML 42 . ^ 41. 4 1.55 21.3 17. 41 449 389 4 MLrP . 43. ? 43 Q 1.67 25 1 18 73 483 372 S 0. .. 12. 6 18. 4 .15 6.4 4 .82 124 124 6 R 16 19 7 18 7 4 5 65 146 126 7 RL 30. 31. 9 .80 15.2 11 .70 302 262 8 RLrP 32 . 8 39. 7 .94 20.3 14 .18 365 280 9 RLrPK 45. 6 39. Q 1.40 27.4 18 .68 481 329 10 14. 7 18. 5 .19 8.0 5 .55 143 143 Modified treatments (east halves) 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 RL... 22.7 25.6 33.5 43.5 1 43.8 1 23.0 28.0 38.0 1 40.1 1 38.8 1 35.4 .55 .65 .80 .89 .25 .43 .09 .13 .61 .90 12.6 22.2 29.0 28.7 15.1 18.6 26.1 24.8 27.4 22.6 $ 9.04 12.88 20.12 20.32 8.29 10.28 15.79 15.70 19.49 13.79 233 332 519 524 214 265 407 405 502 355 195 245 397 386 139 191 312 293 349 263 MrP 29 4 MLsP 44 . 8 MLrP+ 44 . 9 RsP.. . 19.9 RrP 22.8 RLsP 33 . 7 RLrP + 33.3 RLrPKGy 49 . RLrP 30 1 * For details COB icerning origina 1 treatments in east and west halves see footnote to Table 68. Annual acre-rates at which materials were applied in additional treatments thru 1942 and the last years of application were as follows: R (Plots 1, 5, 10) since 1924; L (Plots 1, 10), 632 pounds (1938); rP (Plot 2), 311 pounds (1942); rP + (Plots 4, 8), 143 pounds (1942); sP (Plots 3, 5, 7), 159 pounds (1942); rP (Plots 6, 10), 305 pounds (1942); Gy (gypsum), 100 pounds (1931). 194 BULLETIN No. 516 [December, Table 70. SPARTA FIELD: Comparisons of Soil-Treatment Systems Manure system 1916-1928, corn, soybeans, wheat, sweet clover; 1929-1933, corn, soybeans, oats (Hubam), wheat (sweet clover); 1934-1942, corn, winter oats, mixed hay, wheat (sweet clover). Residues system 1916-1928, corn, soybeans, wheat, sweet clover; 1929-1933, corn, soybeans, oats (Hubam), wheat (sweet clover); 1934-1942, corn, soybeans, wheat (Hubam), wheat (sweet clover) (Average annual acre-yields) Long-time yields, 1916-1942, and index of gross values Corn Treatment systems* 26 crops Oats 15 crops Hay 18 crops Wheat 22 crops All crops beans 24 crops Gross index Value 1916- 1942 1939- 1942 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0... bu. 11.1 bu. 12.1 28.0 39.8 41.8 ll!sb 27. 6b 27. 5b 33. Ib tons .01 1.64 1.66 0" 1.39 1.48" 2.24" bu. 6.0 9.5 23.4 26.5 4.8 5.2 19.4 21.7 23.2 bu. .49 d 3.4 4.0 10.7 11.1 12.8 $ 4.55 6.88 15.35 16.43 3.91 4.64 13.00 13.71 16.28 100 151 337 361 86 102 286 301 358 72 158 565 608 87 105 401 447 571 M 17.1 ML 31.2 MLrP 31.7 9.7 R 12.5 RL 22.5 RLrP 23.2 RLrPK , 31.2 Last rotation yields, 1939-1942, treatment costs and index of net values Oats Soy- I Ul crops Treatment systems 4 crops Wheat 4 crops 4 crops 4 crops beans 4 crops Value Treat- ment costs Net index 1 0. .. 9.2 8.7 5.9 $ 3.29 $. . . 72 M . 23 3 20.9 .04 10.6 7.20 .62 145 i ML . 59.2 50.2 2.20 35.9 25.70 2.22 516 4 MLrP . 58.8 53.1 2.40 39.5 27.67 4.51 509 S . 8.6 3 5 3 9 4.1 3.96 87 6 R . 10.0 4.6 4.3 5.0 4.76 .75 88 7 RL 34 8 21 6 e 22 4 11 5 18 23 1.47 368 g RLrP 34 7 26 1" 25.4 12.6 20.36 3.68 367 RLrPK . 54.1 28.7* 32.2 16.0 26.00 6.28 433 a Annual acre-rates at which materials were applied thru 1942 and the last year of application were as follows: L, 642 pounds (1938); rP, 315 pounds (1934); K, 100 pounds (1942). b Average 6 crops. c Average 9 crops. d Average 16 crops. c Wheat after soybeans. 1 Wheat after hay in manure system and after wheat in residues system. 1945] EFFECTS OF SOIL TREATMENT ON SOIL PRODUCTIVITY 195 Table 71. SPARTA FIELD: Comparisons of Soil-Treatment Systems Modified for the Study of Additions of Superphosphate and Potash Manure system 1930-1933, corn, soybeans, oats (Hubam), wheat (sweet clover); 1934-1942, corn, winter oats, wheat, mixed hay. Residues sys- tem 1930-1933, corn, soybeans, oats (Hubam), wheat (sweet clover); 1934- 1942, corn, soybeans, wheat (Hubam), wheat (sweet clover) (Average annual acre-yields, 1930-1942) Treatment systems 1 Corn 13 crops Oats (winter) 12 crops Hay 9 crops Soy- beans 12 crops Wheat' 13 crops Wheat b 9 crops All crops Index Gross Net Original treatments (Section A) 1 0. . . bu 7. 1 bu. 11.2 tons .01 bu. bu. 7.0 bu. $ 3.73 100 100 ? M , ... 14. 7 22.2 .02 11.5 6.99 187 171 ^ ML ... 31. 4 42.1 1.55 28.6 17.59 472 412 4 MLrP ... 31. 1 44.3 1.79 33.4 19.37 519 398 5 0... 6. 8 2.6 4.8 4.7 3.64 98 98 <5 R g s 3.0 5.4 4.9 4.21 113 93 7 RL ... 21. Q 9.3 22.5 19.2 14.54 390 350 8 RLrP ... 20. Q 9.6 25.9 22.0 15.82 424 325 RLrPK 29 8 12.3 27.9 27.0 19.03 510 342 10 . . 7. 7 2.3 5.0 4.6 3.86 103 103 Modified treatments (Section B) 1 0... . +sPK.. 12.1 21.3 .04 13.2 $ 6.55 176 92 2 M.... . +sPK... 17.2 28.3 .04 15.7 8.36 224 124 3 ML. . +sPK... 31.2 47.4 1.73 35.1 20.02 537 394 4 MLrP. .+sPK. .. 32.4 44.1 2.96 35.6 20.47 549 345 5 0... ,+sPK.. 9.7 2.7 6.1 8.6 5.09 136 53 6 R -r-sPK 11 9 3 7 8.0 11.2 6.59 177 73 7 RL . . +sPK . . 30.7 12.8 26.7 27.4 18.94 508 385 8 RLrP. + sPK... 28.7 12.5 27.8 27.7 19.01 510 328 q RLrPK. -J-sPK 28 6 12.8 28.2 27.5 19.22 515 264 10 +NsPK.. 13.7 3.7 12.1 17.0 8.87 238 121 11 For details concernnig original treatments on Sections A and B see footnote to Table 70. Annual acre-rates at which materials were applied in additional treatments on Section B were as follows: sPK (all plots), 0-20-20, 125 pounds (1942); N (NaNOs), SO pounds (1942). b First crop of wheat. c Second crop of wheat. 196 BULLETIN No. 516 [December, Table 72. SPARTA FIELD: Comparisons of Soil-Treatment Systems With and Without Vetch in Rotation Manure and residues systems corn, cowpeas, timothy or timothy vetch, wheat (sweet clover) (Average annual acre-yields, 1932-1942) Treatment systems* Corn 10 crops Cow- peas 10 crops Hay Wheat 11 11 crops crops All crops Value Index Gross Net Timothy vetch (Section A) 1 2 3 4 5 6 R bu. . . 20 . 3 tons .59 .63 .72 .78 .93 .51 tons .34 .43 .90 1.25 1.34 .59 bu. 12.7 14.4 22.8 31.4 32.6 16.8 $ 8.04 8.80 14.65 17.58 18.86 9.36 100 109 182 219 235 116 91 97 158 166 150 107 RM . . 20 . 2 RML 38 7 RMLrP .. 35.5 RMLrPK .. 38.6 R 18 5 Timothy (Section B) 1 2 3 4 5 6 R 21 .63 .61 .68 .79 .97 .38 .36 .43 .70 .89 .99 .49 12.5 12.9 21.8 28.0 27.8 13.3 # 8.22 8.53 14.01 16.06 16.96 7.60 102 106 174 200 211 95 93 93 150 147 126 85 RM 21.6 RML . . 40.7 RMLrP 37 9 RMLrPK 40 1 R .. 16.2 Annual acre-rates at which materials were applied thru 1942 and the last years of application were as follows: L, 648 pounds (1938); rP, 333 pounds (1928); K, 100 pounds (1942). 1945] EFFECTS OF SOIL TREATMENT ON SOIL PRODUCTIVITY 197 Table 73. TOLEDO FIELD: Comparisons of Soil-Treatment Systems Manure and residues systems 1913-1942, corn, oats, mixed hay, wheat (sweet clover) (Average annual acre-yields) Long-time yields. 1913-1942 , and index of gross values Corn Treatment systems* 29 crops Oats 28 crops Hay 27 crops Wheat 25 crops All crops Value Gross index 1913- 1942 1939- 1942 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 bu. 23.6 bu. 14.6 21.5 33.1 34.5 13.5 13.7 30.0 31.8 35.0 tons .25 .51 1.63 1.63 .26 .34 1.14 1.24 1.81 bu. 8.0 13.9 23.9 25.1 8.2 9.0 20.0 23.4 29.9 $ 6.55 9.92 16.69 17.07 5.59 6.53 12.48 13.53 18.81 100 151 255 261 85 100 191 207 287 118 232 345 358 106 123 226 241 386 M 33.9 ML . . . 46 . 4 MLrP. . . 46 . 6 17.9 R 22.0 RL 28.6 RLrP 27.6 RLrPK. . 47.4 Last rotation yields, 1939-1942, treatment costs and index of net values Corn Treatment systems* 4 crops Oats 4 crops Hay 4 crops Wheat 4 crops All crops Value Treat- ment costs Net index 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 34.2 15.6 35.2 51.1 56.0 14.9 13.5 41.6 47.5 47.9 .34 .96 1.85 2.09 .39 .38 1.05 1.12 2.17 9.3 17.8 26.2 25.8 7.5 9.3 18.4 21.7 31.9 $ 7.75 15.19 22.61 23.44 6.93 8.06 14.78 15.81 25.31 $.... 1.12 2.44 4.35 ".75 1.45 3.38 5.98 118 215 308 291 106 112 204 190 295 M 45 . 6 ML 60.8 MLrP 60 . 7 0... 23.6 R . . 30.1 RL. 35 . 3 RLrP. . . . 32.3 RLrPK . . . . 66.6 a Annual acre-rates at which materials were applied thru 1942 and the last years of application were as follows: L, 617 pounds (1940); rP, 276 pounds (1926); K, 100 pounds (1942). 198 BULLETIN No. 516 [December, Table 74. TOLEDO FIELD: Comparisons of Soil-Treatment Systems Modified for the Study of Rock and Superphosphate Applied With and Without Limestone Manure and residues systems corn, oats, mixed hay, wheat (sweet clover) (Average annual acre-yields, 1924-1942) All crops Corn Oats Hay Wheat Treatment systems 8 19 18 17 19 Index crops crops crops crops Value Gross Net Original treatments (south halves) bu. bu. tons bu. 1 0... 21.3 13.9 .22 8.7 56.74 100 100 2 M 36.1 23.5 .57 15.5 11.46 170 153 3 ML 50.7 35.9 1.69 25.5 19.58 291 254 4 MLrP 50.8 36.7 1.69 26.0 19.73 293 228 5 17.6 13.0 .23 11.5 6.01 89 89 6 R 23.0 12.5 .29 9.7 6.99 104 93 7 RL 28.5 30.2 1.06 20.3 13.54 201 179 8 RLrP 26.6 31.7 1.15 24.2 14.57 216 166 9 RLrPK 51.6 34.8 1.85 31.8 21.51 319 230 10 20.1 14.4 .20 9.2 6.41 95 95 Modified treatments (north halves) 1 RL... . 32.7 25.2 .80 19.1 $12.70 188 170 2 MrP 41.3 28.6 1.09 25.3 16.20 240 185 3 MLsP 54.8 37.2 2.07 29.0 21.85 324 252 4 MLrP+ 53.1 37.9 1.86 28.5 21.07 313 227 5 RsP 21.3 16.5 .31 16.4 8.78 130 88 6 RrP 23.9 17.3 .42 19.6 10.22 152 109 7 RLsP 29.1 32.2 1.21 25.4 15.46 229 177 8 RLrP+ 27.3 32.5 1.36 24.9 15.41 229 162 9 RLrPKGy 54.1 36.0 2.03 32.5 22.90 340 251 10 RLrP 26.4 25.2 .91 21.4 12.87 191 141 a For details concerning original treatments on north and south halves see Table 73. Annual acre-rates at which materials were applied in additional treatments on north halves thru 1942 and the last years of application were as follows: R (Plots 1, 5, 10) since 1924; L (Plots 1, 10), 421 pounds (1940); rP (Plot 2), 305 pounds (1942); rP+, 162 pounds additional (1942); rP (Plots 6, 10), 305 pounds (1942); sP (Plots 3, 5, 7), 156 pounds (1942); Gy (gypsum) 95 pounds (1930). 1945] EFFECTS OF SOIL TREATMENT ON SOIL PRODUCTIVITY 199 Table 75. TOLEDO FIELD: Comparisons of Soil-Treatment Systems Modified for the Study of the Effects of Potash Applied in Addition to Various Treatment Systems Manure and residues systems corn, oats, mixed hay, wheat (sweet clover) (Average annual acre-yields, 1930-1942) Corn Treatment systems* 13 crops Oats 12 crops Hay 10 crops Wheat 12 crops All crops Va llM Index Gross Net Treatments modified with additional muriate of potash (Section A) 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 10 RL. . . .+K... bu. 50.7 bu. 26.7 32.3 42.6 39.7 15.4 19.5 29.9 32.9 36.7 28.3 tons 1.19 1.60 2.75 2.47 .39 .55 1.61 1.73 2.07 1.50 bu. 23.1 29.3 33.2 33.1 20.2 23.8 31.8 31.4 30.6 28.3 $17 19 25 24 11 13 20 21 22 18 .06 .42 .12 .10 .74 .47 ,58 .28 .98 .73 242 275 356 341 166 191 292 301 325 265 188 186 250 223 89 113 204 201 204 181 MrP . . .+K . 48 4 MLsP. MLrP+ RsP... ...+K... ...+K... ..+K.., 58.9 57.8 31.4 RrP. . . . . .+K... 35 . 8 RLsP .+K 51 7 RLrP + RLrPK RLrP ..+K... Gy+K... 53.7 59.6 +K 50 Original treatments (Section B, check for Section A) 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 RL... 36.0 28 33 39 40 16 18 32 33 36 27 .9 .7 .9 .5 .3 .9 .6 .0 .1 .0 .86 1.36 2.33 2.01 .33 .38 .93 1.08 1.91 .84 18.9 26.2 28.5 27.5 16.6 19.7 23.8 23.2 30.6 22.0 $13 18. 22, 21. 9 10 14 14 22, 13, 70 14 97 92 60 99 95 81 93 67 194 257 325 310 136 156 212 210 325 194 177 204 256 229 95 115 161 146 240 146 MrP. . 46.9 MLsP 58 6 MLrP+ RsP 57.2 24 7 RrP. . . 26.6 RLsP.. 30.7 RLrP + 27 5 RLrPK RLrP. . Gy 57.6 28.2 Original treatments (Section C, check for Section D) 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 0. . . 24.1 13.8 25.4 37.4 38.9 12.4 10.9 27.3 32.8 34.0 13.8 .23 .67 1.81 1.81 .25 .25 .82 .94 1.83 .19 7.5 15.6 23.8 25.3 7.1 8.0 17.8 21.9 30.4 8.5 $ 7 12 20 20 6 7, 12 13. 21, 6, 06 ,72 07 59 06 04 75 96 70 97 100 180 284 292 86 100 181 198 307 99 100 164 250 230 86 89 160 150 223 99 M 41.4 ML 53 8 MLrP 54.7 0.. 19 2 R 25 . 7 RI 29.9 RLrP. . 27 RLrPK . 55 . 3 23 2 Treatments modified with potash, straw, and mixed fertilizer (Section D) 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 R. . M ML. . . MLrP.. L. . R -I-K + K + K 4-K . 38.5 41.7 56.0 55 9 18 26 41 41 28 14 31 31 35 25 .8 .2 ,0 .7 .6 .2 ,0 .8 .5 4 .40 .71 2.34 2.33 .81 .38 1.02 1.11 1.95 .94 14.4 17.9 29.3 34.0 25.0 12.2 22.6 26.7 32.9 17.5 $11. 13. 22. 23. 14. 8. 15. 16. 22. 12. 17 44 80 90 58 75 67 59 85 25 158 190 323 339 207 124 222 235 324 174 111 138 252 240 156 113 201 187 239 159 + MF.... . 36.4 27 6 RL.... RLrP. . RLrPK L -f straw. . -j- straw. . -j- straw . 39.6 36.8 57.7 +0 30 4 a For details concerning original treatments on Section B see footnote to Table 73; for details on Section C see Table 74. Annual acre-rates at which materials were applied in the new treatments thru 1942 and the last years of application were as follows: on Section A, same as on Section B plus K (all plots), 100 pounds (1942); on Section D, same as on Section C plus L (Plots 5, 10), 923 pounds (1940); K (Plots 1, 2, 3, 4), 100 pounds (1942); MF (Plot 5, mixed fertilizer) 2-12-6, 158 pounds (1942); straw (Plots 6, 7, 8, 9) since 1930. 200 BULLETIN No. 516 [December, Table 76. TOLEDO FIELD: Grain Straws vs. Muriate of Potash as a Source of Potassium to Various Crops Grown in Rotation Residues system corn, soybeans, oats (Hubam), wheat (sweet clover) (Average annual acre-yields, 1932-1942) Treatment systems* Corn 11 crops Soy- beans 10 crops Oats 9 crops Wheat 9 crops All crops Value Index Gross Net 1 2 3 4 RLrP+ Straw (wheat, oats) .... bu. ... 44.3 bu. 15.6 22.7 15.3 12.9 bu. 30.5 33.5 33.0 31.7 bu. 18.5 23.8 19.0 19.7 $16.59 21.86 16.12 16.51 103 136 100 102 93 109 90 92 RLrP+K . .. 55.7 RLrP 37.3 RLrP + Straw (wheat) . . . 41.3 a Wheat straw was returned to Plots 1 and 4 at threshing time, and oat straw was spread on Plot 1 as top-dressing for the wheat crop. A total of 18,000 pounds of limestone and 4,000 pounds of rock phosphate was applied to all plots, the last application being made in 1922 and 1919 respectively. KC1 has been applied at the annual acre-rate of 100 pounds. Table 77. URBANA, MORROW PLOTS: Comparisons of Three Cropping Systems Modified for the Study of the Effects of Soil Treatment (Average annual acre-yields) Period Years Treats Crops All crops Index Corn Oats Clover Value Gross Net Continuous corn (System I) 1888-1942 1904-1942 1931-1942 55 39 12 bu. 29 . 2 bu. Ions $14.60 12.45 21.32 13.02 25.13 100 85 146 89 172 100 85 110 89 137 0. . . 24.9 MLP 42 . 7 0. . . 26.0 MLP 50 . 3 Corn, oats (System II) 1888-1942 1904-1942 1931-1942 55 39 12 36.2 36.9 34.7 60.0 36.4 61.3 $14.66 13.62 24.15 13.83 24.65 100 93 165 95 169 100 93 130 95 134 34.0 MLP (sw. cl.) 61.2 33 5 MLP (sw. cl.) 61.8 Corn, oats, clover (System III) 1888-1942 1904-1942 1931-1942 55 39 12 48.0 49.6 1.44 50.2 1.22 68.2 2.66 59.1 1.26 77.4 2.55 $17.81 17.70 27.12 17.31 26.82 122 121 186 119 184 122 121 150 119 148 47 4 MLP . . 66 . 5 43 2 MLP . . 63.6 a Annual acre-rates at which materials were applied thru 1942 and the last years of application were as follows: L, 300 pounds (1919); P (rock phosphate on west half), 338 pounds (1925); P (bone phosphate on east half), 84 pounds (1925). 1945~\ EFFECTS OF SOIL TREATMENT ON SOIL PRODUCTIVITY 201 Table 78. URBANA, SOUTH FARM: Effects of Soil-Treatment Systems on the Yields of Corn in Three Systems of Crop Rotation Rotation I, corn, oats, red clover, wheat (red clover); Rotation II, corn, corn, oats, red clover; Rotation III, corn, corn, corn, soybeans (Average annual acre-yields of corn) Rotation I Rotation II Rotation III Treatment systems* Corn Corn Corn Corn Corn Corn 40 Istyr. 2dyr. 1st yr. 2d yr. 3dyr. crops 40 crops 40 crops 40 crops 40 crops 40 crops Long-time yields, 1903-1942 RrP bu. . 65.0 bu. 62.3 bu. 56.0 bu. 52.3 bu. 45.7 bu. 43.8 R 59.6 57.1 50.5 48.0 43.3 40.3 M 65.5 60.5 56.4 54.2 49.0 42.7 MrP 67.3 63.9 60.6 56.1 50.7 45.6 Last rotation yields, 1939-1942 RrP . 85 4 93 .9 74 .7 64 ,9 50 6 49.8 R 72 .8 83 6 68 .2 62 7 48 .2 48.4 M 93 .4 93 6 87 .0 75, 9 61 4 55.1 MrP 99 9 96 8 89 8 76, 9 58, 8 53.8 Rock phosphate applied at the annual acre-rate of 350 pounds thru 1942, last applied 1927. 202 BULLETIN No. 516 [December, Table 79. WEST SALEM FIELD: Comparisons of Soil-Treatment Systems Manure system 1913-1920, corn, soybeans, oats, red clover, wheat; 1921- 1927, corn, soybeans, oats, sweet clover, wheat; 1928-1933, corn, oats, wheat, mixed hay, wheat; 1934-1942, corn, wheat, sweet clover, wheat (sweet clover). Residues system 1913-1920, corn, soybeans, oats, wheat (sweet clover); 1921-1927, corn, soybeans, oats, sweet clover, wheat (sweet clover); 1928-1933, corn, oats (Hubam), wheat, mixed hay, wheat (sweet clover); 1934-1942, corn, wheat, sweet clover, wheat (sweet clover) (Average annual acre-yields) Long-time yields, 1913-1942, and index of gross values Corn Treatment systems" 30 crops Oats 21 crops Hay 18 crops Wheat 29 crops Soy- beans 15 crops All crops Value Gross index 1913- 1942 1939- 1942 1 2 3 4 7 8 9 0. .. bu. 12.2 bu. 8.7 24.7 29.7 34.4 26.5 33.9 37.3 tons .09 .85 1.54 1.63 1.30 1.59 2.00 bu. 2.5 12.4 17.6 23.6 13.6 21.2 26.6 bu. 5.0 10.4 11.2 12.2 9.3 11.5 12.9 $ 3.35 9.43 12.27 14.59 9.43 12.61 15.93 100 281 366 436 281 376 475 105 307 488 568 314 418 579 Ml 28.6 ML 33.1 MLrP .... 36.1 RL... 24.3 RLrP 29.2 RLrPK . , ... . 39.9 Last rotation yields, 1939-1942, treatment costs and index of net value Wheat Wheat All crops Treatment systems 4 crops corn 4 crops legumes 4 crops Value Treat- ment costs Net index 1 bu. 16 8 bu. 1 bu. 3 6 $ 3 52 $ 105 7 Ml 31 2 9.6 12.9 10.30 1.28 269 3 ML . . 39 . 7 14.4 21.0 16.35 1.97 429 4 MLrP .... 44.0 20.1 27.2 19.03 4.26 441 7 RL... 28 8 8 15.5 10.52 .57 297 8 RLrP . . . . 33.1 11.4 22.9 13.99 2.57 341 <) RLrPK . . . . 50.2 17.3 28.2 19.38 5.17 424 a Annual acre-rates at which materials were applied thru 1942 and the last year of application were as follows: 1 (Plot 2), 267 pounds (1913); L, 508 pounds (1922); rP, 287 pounds (1934); K, 100 pounds (1942). Treatments on Plots 5 and 6 were changed in 1934. For data see Table 80. 1945~\ EFFECTS OF SOIL TREATMENT ON SOIL PRODUCTIVITY 203 Table 80. WEST SALEM FIELD: Comparisons of Soil-Treatment Systems in Three Rotations (Average annual acre-yields, 1934-1942) Treatment systems* Wheat Corn after 9 corn crops 9 crops Wheat after legumes 9 crops All crops Value 1 * Index Gross Net Corn, wheat, sweet clover, wheat (sweet clover), 4 years (Rotation I ) c 1 2 3 4 3 6 7 8 9 0... bu. 18.7 bu. 2.9 9.5 14.7 20.5 9.6 7.8 10.5 15.0 18.7 bu. 2.9 14.6 22.4 27.3 19.7 15.5 15.1 21.4 26.6 $ 3.92 10.16 14.99 17.73 11.89 9.60 10.18 13.36 17.68 100 259 382 452 303 245 260 341 451 100 227 332 344 222 230 245 275 319 Ml 30 2 ML 36 . 5 MLrP 40.1 RLK 31 9 RL 26.4 RL 26.5 RLrP 29 5 RLrPK 44 . 7 Corn , wheat, sweet clover, 3 years (Rotation II)o 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0... 14.6 .4 7.8 14.6 20.2 8.7 6.7 8.6 16.0 21.6 $ 2.74 8.13 11.68 14.04 8.17 7.42 7.82 10.93 15.58 70 207 298 358 208 189 199 279 397 70 173 246 250 127 174 184 213 265 Ml 30 . 6 ML . 37 2 MLrP 39 6 RLK. . 29 . 2 RL 29 4 RL 27.4 RLrP 30 . 9 RLrPK 45 8 Corn, wheat (sweet clover), 2 years (Rotation III) 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0... 9 8 .5 7.1 14.5 18.7 6.8 6.3 8.6 13.4 21.2 $ 2.68 10.86 18.44 21.62 9.93 8.80 10.00 12.53 23.09 68 277 470 552 253 224 255 320 589 68 244 413 439 238 209 240 253 456 Ml 29.3 ML 44 . 7 MLrP 46 9 RLK. . 26.2 RL 22 6 RL 22.7 RLrP 23.3 RLrPK 50 Annual acre-rates at which materials were applied thru 1942 and the last years of application were as follows: 1 (Plot 2), 267 pounds (1913); L (Plots 5, 6), 533 pounds (1935); L (Plots 3, 4, 7, 8, 9), 527 pounds (1922); rP, 287 pounds (1934); K, 100 pounds (1942). b The crop values account for three crops in four years in Rotation I, two crops in three years in Rotation II, and two crops in two years in Rotation III. These data are of interest in contrasting sweet clover used as a second-year crop and as a green-manure crop. c In Rotations I and II the sweet clover is not harvested but is regarded as a rest and soil-improvement crop. 204 BULLETIN No. 516 [December, Table 81. WEST SALEM FIELD: Comparison of Soil-Treatment Systems in a Two-Year Rotation of Wheat and Lespedeza in Which the Lespedeza Is Used Both as a Green Manure and Hay Crop Manure and residues systems wheat, lespedeza seed from wheat stubble with entire second-year growth plowed under vs. wheat, lespedeza seed from a stubble wheat with second-year growth of lespedeza removed as hay (Average annual acre-yields, 1939-1942) Treatment systems" Wheat 4 crops Lespe- deza seed 4 crops Lespe- deza hay 4 crops All crops Value Index Gross Net Lespedeza hay not removed 1 . bu. 4.0 Ib. to 10 ns $ 2 26 100 100 ? Ml 12.0 73 7.81 346 304 ) ML . 14.1 121 10 10 447 385 4 MLrP 21.4 118 13.66 604 435 S 1. . . 4.8 20 2.90 128 115 6 Rl 5.9 20 3.42 151 138 7 RL 11.4 32 6 49 287 260 8 RLrP 20.2 40 11.10 491 374 RLrPK 23.8 97 14 34 634 403 Lespedeza hay removed 1 0... 3 .0 6 .08 2 05 91 91 2 Ml 11 .6 72 .87 11 90 527 485 3 ML 13 .0 92 .92 13 43 594 533 4 MLrP 21 .5 121 1.09 19 23 851 681 5 1 4 .2 11 .27 3 .78 167 154 6 Rl 4 .9 15 .27 4. 21 186 173 7 RL 7 .7 13 .40 6 19 274 246 8 RLrP 17 .2 56 .69 13 48 596 480 9 RLrPK 23 ,0 80 1.13 19. 17 848 616 a Annual acre-rates at which materials were applied thru 1942 and the last years of application were as follows: 1 (Plots 2, 5, 6), 267 pounds (1913); L (Plots 3, 4, 7, 8, 9), 550 pounds (1921); rP, 288 pounds (1934); K, 100 pounds (1942). APPENDIX Tables 82-86: Yields summarized by crops for years 1936-1944. On the following pages the annual yields of the individual crops grown on each of the Illinois soil experi- ment fields are tabulated for each year since 1935. These detailed data are recorded here so that those who have been following these experiments may continue their study of the year-by-year changes in crop yields under various treatment practices. Previous publications giving systematic reports on yields from these fields have been issued as follows: The Illinois soil experiment fields. Bui. 273. 294 p. 1926. Crop yields from 111. soil experiment fields: 1925 yields. Bui. 280. 20 p. 1926. 1926 yields. Bui. 296. 24 p. 1927. 1927 yields. Bui. 305. 32 p. 1928. 1928 yields. Bui. 327. 32 p. 1928. 1929 yields. Bui. 347. 48 p. 1930. 1930 yields. Bui. 370. 52 p. 1931. 1931 yields, together with a general summary for the rotation periods ending in 1931. Bui. 382. 56 p. 1932. 1932 yields, together with a general summary for the rotation periods ending in 1932. Bui. 398. 60 p. 1934. 1933 yields, together with a general summary for the four-year period ending in 1933. Bui. 402. 92 p. 1934. 1934 and 1935 yields, with summaries for all years. Bui. 425. 98 p. 1936. 205 206 BULLETIN No. 516 [December, Table 82. FIRST-YEAR CORN YIELDS: 22 Illinois Soil Experiment Fields, 1936-1944 (Bushels an acre) Field Manure systems Residues systems M ML MLrP R RL RLrP RLrPK 1936 Aledo . 38.4 47.1 43.7 42.0 43.3 51.4 54.2 51.5 53.3 Carlinville . 11.0 21.3 23.1 20.9 7.0 9.3 11.4 12.2 20.5 Carthage . 12.7 16.1 18.6 16.3 14.4 23.1 20.9 18.5 14.0 Clayton 9.6 25.2 25.2 24.8 13.1 16.5 16.2 17.6 21.3 Dixon . 52.9 82.6 85.7 81.0 52.9 52.7 64.9 68.9 78.9 Elizabethtown. . . 3.8 8.4 17.9 18.9 3.8 5.5 18.3 12.6 16.8 Enfield 1.3 2.7 3.5 4.6 1.4 3.0 6.0 4.4 3.8 Ewing 1.7 2.5 5.3 5.1 2.5 2.1 4.0 3.0 3.6 Hartsburg . 12.9 10.2 9.8 13.4 24.0 25.6 27.8 25.7 25.2 Joliet . 31.4 35.6 35.2 27.9 32.6 35.5 36.9 45.0 35.5 Kewanee . 39.4 50.3 45.6 46.7 38.4 48.5 50.7 52.7 54.8 Lebanon . 20.2 22.1 16.6 20.3 14.3 19.0 25.8 30.6 33.7 McNabb . 48.1 57.9 59.1 59.6 58.2 62.3 47.4 62.6 Minonk . 35.3 29.6 27.2 31.5 35.7 32.6 30.5 26.9 21.5 Mt. Morris . 31.6 57.4 63.1 68.1 35.5 41.4 57.6 64.5 72.7 Newton 2.6 6.6 8.7 9.1 4.9 7.5 13.1 11.6 8.7 Oblong . 21.1 32.4 40.6 39.0 18.3 21.2 31.5 31.6 39.0 Oquawka 5.3 8.5 9.6 9.2 11.5 16.1 14.7 13.8 11.5 Raleigh .2 .4 .6 .3 .5 1.1 1.7 .9 1.3 Sparta .1 .1 1.5 1.2 .2 .3 1.4 1.8 1.6 Toledo . 11.6 23.4 29.6 29.5 11.6 18.1 20.2 23.5 45.9 West Salem .6 3.0 2.2 1.2 5.2 4.0 7.1 1937 Aledo . 80.9 105.0 106.1 100.9 90.5 89.7 83.3 83.9 93.9 Carlinville . 83.9 100.3 109.3 107.5 87.4 92.2 93.9 93.4 104.0 Carthage . 79.7 102.6 106.9 106.8 70.0 93.0 99.6 102.8 110.3 Clayton . 56.9 90.4 100.6 92.6 60.1 71.9 70.0 71.8 94.8 Dixon . 67.7 97.7 95.4 97.9 69.3 79.8 82.5 80.9 94.3 Elizabethtown . . . . 10.1 32.9 60.1 51.3 10.1 9.0 38.6 35.0 34.0 Enfield . 33.3 47.3 75.3 80.1 28.1 32.1 56.3 56.0 66.7 Ewing . 15.4 32.3 68.2 62.7 14.7 13.4 30.2 29.0 59.8 Hartsburg . 71.7 95.6 97.6 94.9 78.1 87.2 87.2 89.6 87.4 Joliet . 52.9 72.1 74.4 70.4 49.7 48.9 53.3 58.4 65.3 Kewanee . 89.4 107.8 110.7 109.2 81.0 88.5 97.5 103.7 108.5 Lebanon . 66.6 109.8 125.7 128.4 82.7 100.4 122.0 122.6 139.4 McNabb . 85.5 90.6 89.9 94.0 83.2 91.1 90.0 90.1 Minonk . 84.3 97.4 90.7 96.1 101.1 105.0 104.7 101.3 95.3 Mt. Morris . 47.5 64.0 75.6 70.5 48.5 51.7 70.2 71.4 77.5 Newton . 16.5 41.2 64.5 60.1 13.7 15.8 26.5 21.1 30.2 Oblong . 22.2 39.4 60.3 57.6 24.7 31.5 51.3 54.0 64.5 Oquawka . 44.8 51.7 60.6 54.4 43.1 40.5 51.1 50.4 54.9 Raleigh 8.9 13.2 43.3 39.6 5.5 8.0 28.4 40.1 55.0 Sparta . 11.5 29.3 42.9 30.6 7.9 15.0 38.2 33.5 44.5 Toledo . 24.2 54.1 78.5 77.6 14.4 26.8 40.4 35.1 65.6 West Salem . 36.6 29.8. 39.0 49.8 37.2 41.2 53.1 1938 Aledo . 66.9 77.7 80.7 78.6 66.8 65.9 81.8 80.6 90.8 Carlinville . 44.8 67.9 82.2 83.0 58.6 60.3 66.7 65.1 78.9 Carthage . 57.0 68.8 92.9 90.1 58.6 71.1 86.9 81.1 87.6 Clayton . 44.2 77.8 87.4 89.1 44.7 46.6 72.2 73.3 94.7 Dixon . 70.0 99.2 107.3 110.8 70.7 76.7 95.4 89.7 100.0 Elizabethtown. . . 2.7 45.8 82.3 77.9 2.7 1.7 38.3 67.2 65.1 Enfield . 17.0 41.1 84.7 90.3 25.1 30.5 45.5 56.0 83.0 Ewing . 18.1 24.6 50.5 52.3 14.9 21.2 27.4 38.0 65.5 Hartsburg . 71.2 82.6 85.9 91.8 55.4 74.7 77.0 82.4 84.8 Joliet . 53.3 82.6 88.4 80.6 60.5 62.5 62.7 75.1 80.1 Kewanee . 80.5 94.5 105.9 106.7 66.7 75.1 91.4 97.1 97.4 Lebanon . 70.8 98.5 98.7 99.7 76.5 86.7 85.9 86.5 100.0 McNabb . 63.6 88.8 101.0 89.1 72.3 78.3 98.9 88.5 Minonk . 75.9 80.6 82.0 82.6 62.7 88.6 88.5 89.1 84.3 Mt. Morris . 84.0 92.6 97.7 92.8 61.5 64.6 95.6 88.8 103.1 Newton . 19.1 32.8 62.8 71.8 26.5 24.1 31.4 37.3 66.0 Oblong . 45.6 65.9 87.6 87.9 31.6 39.4 39.5 32.7 87.9 Oquawka . 28.9 35.6 41.8 38.3 21.6 31.0 42.4 51.0 61.7 Raleigh . 17.3 30.8 59.7 59.7 14.0 18.6 25.3 15.6 61.3 Sparta . 12.7 19.6 48.4 48.2 11.6 9.7 41.5 39.5 42.4 Toledo . 38.6 54.6 80.4 77.7 21.3 30.2 41.4 32.7 66.0 West Salem . 24.0 42.2 50.6 52.0 35.2 30.9 50.8 1945] EFFECTS OF SOIL TREATMENT ON SOIL PRODUCTIVITY 207 Table 82. FIRST-YEAR CORN YIELDS, Continued (Bushels an acre) Field Manure systems Residues systems M ML MLrP R RL RLrP RLrPK 1939 Aledo . 99.9 122.0 118.5 119.2 67.6 81.7 116.4 118.3 124.0 Carlinville . 76.0 96.1 96.8 92.2 72.8 68.0 71.9 73.5 93.5 Carthage , . 54.1 91.5 .100.1 102.5 68.1 107.6 114.5 115.3 124.3 Clayton . . 76.5 102.0 113.9 114.7 51.0 85.5 101.2 103.6 110.2 Dixon ... 64.0 86.3 99.2 102.9 66.6 85.4 99.1 99.9 105.3 Elizabethtown. . . 25.8 44.6 71.5 77.4 25.8 40.2 53.0 65.2 70.1 Enfield 7.6 40.3 67.3 69.8 17.5 24.2 42.0 45.9 78.1 Ewing . 25.9 56.6 83.0 77.9 17.1 21.8 22.0 22.8 81.0 Hartsburg . 88.8 106.0 112.0 115.0 62.8 103.7 101.6 106.7 107.9 Joliet . 57.4 73.1 83.4 85.2 51.5 47.5 51.4 63.6 84.2 Kewanee . 93.2 117.5 121.3 124.1 71.6 79.8 116.3 120.0 121.3 Lebanon . 66.2 121.1 132.7 129.5 72.4 83.3 123.9 125.4 133.2 McNabb . 96.3 111.1 117.4 114.2 74.5 122.3 116.9 126.3 Minonk . 104.4 125.3 122.9 121.7 92.7 120.3 118.4 124.8 122.8 Mt. Morris . 55.0 82.6 100.4 98.1 43.6 59.6 93.0 93.4 102.6 Newton . 11.8 38.8 63.9 68.2 13.0 23.5 42.7 35.2 66.4 Oblong . 40.1 71.8 78.8 85.6 17.7 25.3 37.2 25.3 86.1 Oquawka . 46.3 72.5 95.9 95.1 42.5 64.3 82.8 79.3 77.2 Raleigh . 17.7 40.6 73.0 76.7 28.0 30.3 51.7 58.6 81.5 Sparta 4.9 18.2 67.9 64.5 12.2 13.7 36.1 32.1 68.6 Toledo . 39.7 71.3 66.8 72.2 39.7 45.9 43.9 43.4 86.1 West Salem 9.9 33.2 45.4 51.3 26.5 37.7 51.7 1940 Aledo . 77.9 116.9 117.7 110.5 71.7 73.4 107.4 112.0 104.6 Carlinville . 29.8 77.9 81.9 78.6 41.7 47.7 73.9 73.2 78.1 Carthage . 69.1 90.2 98.9 101.5 77.2 86.7 89.4 101.3 97.0 Clayton . 56.0 66.0 56.5 67.1 64.6 63.9 59.9 57.4 62.9 Dixon . 67.0 95.5 98.6 98.8 67.0 82.7 83.9 92.3 91.0 Elizabethtown. . , 5.6 31.6 63.8 64.9 5.6 6.6 39.9 45.2 51.0 Enfield 8.5 22.7 29.0 33.4 13.0 15.8 18.8 17.5 30.7 Ewing . 13.6 23.2 28.2 28.7 13.5 17.9 25.3 18.9 28.0 Hartsburg . 55.2 60.5 56.0 61.2 43.3 62.4 66.4 64.3 65.2 Joliet . 26.6 45.4 45.9 50.1 36.5 41.7 39.8 48.7 44.5 Kewanee . 79.9 108.3 121.5 123.7 65.2 67.7 89.2 87.0 74.6 Lebanon . 48.7 87.1 91.4 89.3 66.4 59.2 84.3 91.6 95.2 McNabb . 62 . 3 35.6 51.9 72.9 43.0 55.8 34.6 67.6 Minonk . 80.0 76.0 85.2 86.2 72.3 78.1 75.1 74.9 70.8 Mt. Morris . 61.4 94.0 102.3 101.8 49.5 64.9 90.1 95.3 101.6 Newton 9.5 35.1 44.2 42.9 10.6 19.9 40.6 33.5 43.1 Oblong . 19.0 38.0 48.2 51.0 35.1 41.2 38.6 43.2 51.7 Oquawka . . 30.3 53.7 60.8 61.1 28.8 45.9 50.2 42.6 53.1 Raleigh 5.3 17.8 26.5 25.3 8.0 9.2 15.4 21.6 33.4 Sparta . 16.4 21.1 49.7 49.9 7.3 10.0 24.6 29.1 43.7 Toledo . 24.9 38.5 46.6 49.5 24.9 31.4 36.1 33.7 60.0 West Salem 8.0 19.9 14.0 11.3 19.4 21.0 31.7 1941 Aledo . 72.0 113.7 109.7 109.6 53.0 60.1 89.7 88.1 98.6 Carlinville . 61.0 91.5 98.4 97.4 63.6 67.9 81.6 82.9 91.4 Carthage , . 57.5 84.3 97.5 95.7 53.0 69.3 77.7 66.4 66.7 Clayton . 74.9 92.1 99.9 99.1 76.0 75.5 80.3 82.8 88.0 Dixon . 71.5 106.3 111.3 109.2 73.6 88.4 93.6 93.8 100.0 Elizabethtown. . . 17.5 41.7 67.9 61.6 17.5 8.5 40.7 71.6 66.3 Enfield . 11.2 28.9 47.4 50.3 16.2 22.5 36.1 40.2 48.9 Ewing . 16.4 23.7 49.2 46.9 9.5 14.4 7.2 4.7 46.4 Hartsburg . 61.0 71.4 73.5 76.5 54.8 69.1 76.2 68.9 70.2 Joliet . 53.0 68.7 64.0 74.6 61.1 56.6 60.4 65.8 68.7 Kewanee . 72.2 106.7 110.7 112.0 73.7 76.7 91.2 97.0 96.1 Lebanon . 27.1 94.2 96.7 95.3 46.7 55.0 93.0 100.3 102.4 McNabb . 109.8 115.3 116.4 121.3 90.9 92.1 99.2 97.3 Minonk . 61.7 90.3 91.3 92.7 77.9 84.0 91.1 96.6 89.8 Mt. Morris . 68.4 94.3 99.0 100.9 29.8 36.9 70.3 80.4 90.2 Newton 6.0 20.1 45.9 59.8 18.4 11.7 21.1 29.1 40.9 Oblong . 26.1 44.8 62.8 61.2 24.6 31.3 45.1 45.2 58.4 Oquawka . 25.0 31.4 46.7 43.9 29.3 31.0 27.7 26.5 22.6 Raleigh 8.5 23.3 42.9 43.6 13.5 15.9 14.7 15.9 48.1 Sparta 6.2 22.9 41.6 47.5 1.8 1.7 11.6 7.2 28.9 Toledo . 36.3 64.4 72.7 70.8 26.2 35.0 30.9 21.5 71.0 West Salem . 28.0 34.5 37.8 48.2 16.2 17.8 44.8 208 BULLETIN No. 516 {December, Table 82. FIRST-YEAR CORN YIELDS, Concluded (Bushels an acre) Field Manure systems Residues systems M ML MLrP R RL RLrP RLrPK 1942 Aledo . 89.9 95.5 107.8 112.3 57.7 87.1 107.9 111.1 111.9 Carlinville . 49.9 88.6 106.2 109.1 80.8 84.3 99.2 100.1 103.9 Carthage , . 66.6 77.6 113.0 115.2 82.4 109.1 113.3 122.8 130.5 Clayton . 30.0 47.8 69.1 71.6 43.6 49.5 58.5 44.7 50.7 Dixon . 64.0 96.8 102.9 99.8 62.8 76.2 93.6 97.0 99.4 Elizabethtown . . , 4.9 52.1 83.4 81.6 4.9 5.1 48.6 68.0 70.0 Enfield . 20.7 56.3 84.4 84.2 22.2 25.9 28.6 29.8 78.0 Ewing . 21.2 32.7 61.7 67.4 20.8 28.4 10.5 24.3 79.7 Hartsburg . 82.4 110.3 108.0 114.4 71.3 84.9 94.6 99.4 98.6 Joliet . 60.4 69.9 80.9 86.5 68.4 70.6 74.2 87.7 84.9 Kewanee . 62.0 75.6 84.3 93.2 44.0 58.1 78.4 82.9 83.8 Lebanon . 69.0 120.6 128.6 120.0 86.4 82.5 113.5 113.5 118.8 McNabb . 113.6 109.3 107.6 109.1 64.4 110.1 113.4 106.5 Minonk . 93.3 107.0 107.4 108.7 75.2 103.6 95.4 100.4 92.4 Mt. Morris . 74.0 93.8 93.4 97.8 44.1 48.2 75.5 85.7 90.2 Newton .1 4.3 64.6 69.5 .2 1.0 12.4 18.3 35.8 Oblong . 20.6 51.2 93.5 98.1 29.7 50.6 80.8 79.1 99.7 Oquawka . 31.9 42.1 51.7 49.7 47.5 61.4 82.8 79.1 99.4 Raleigh . 15.3 33.8 64.7 67.9 14.9 24.1 40.4 25.2 70.4 Sparta 9.3 30.9 77.6 73.4 13.1 14.6 66.9 70.4 75.1 Toledo 7.7 8.1 57.0 50.2 3.6 8.3 30.5 30.5 49.4 West Salem . 21.4 37.2 61.4 65.4 52.9 56.1 72.7 1943 Aledo . 63.7 96.4 109.6 115.3 61.5 77.3 103.4 106.4 104.3 Carlinville . 32 . 2 50.2 51.9 63.4 31.3 42.9 37.9 47.4 77.5 Carthage . 34.3 73.5 78.5 91.3 73.4 79.9 82.5 85.2 94.5 Clayton . 50.1 82.0 89.2 71.5 34.0 51.6 61.7 68.7 73.4 Dixon . 64.8 87.6 92.2 91.9 63.3 76.8 92.0 89.6 97.9 Elizabethtown. . , . 21.4 51.5 60.9 65.1 21.4 38.7 57.9 60.8 59.8 Enfield 3.2 22.1 29.8 31.6 3.7 6.4 6.8 6.9 39.5 Ewing . 12.3 30.1 40.4 37.0 7.4 10.6 22.6 23.1 54.4 Hartsburg . 67.8 81.1 82.0 84.8 57.6 86.0 78.8 84.0 86.8 Joliet . 39.8 50.1 53.6 63.6 45.8 47.0 49.3 67.3 73.5 Kewanee . 85.2 99.5 102.5 104.9 58.6 64.0 72.7 76.7 84.0 Lebanon . 71.1 101.9 107.5 109.5 74.0 79.2 95.6 95.0 97.7 McNabb . 86.0 90.6 97.0 101.5 64.3 83.2 80.4 85.0 Minonk . 70.5 91.2 82.9 84.6 62.4 74.7 63.3 77.6 85.0 Mt. Morris . 65.0 98.6 106.5 103.9 44.5 64.8 86.0 90.6 96.7 Newton 1.6 32.0 33.7 .8 7.7 5.2 22.6 Oblong 4.2 20.5 38.9 38.7 8.9 14.8 17.1 19.1 43.9 Oquawka . 49.3 60.5 69.8 73.0 48.2 53.4 66.8 67.5 68.5 Raleigh . 22.7 40.0 61.4 61.6 35.7 39.1 60.8 55.3 63.9 Sparta . 13.0 22.8 33.7 29.8 3.8 8.5 5.8 5.1 37.6 Toledo 7.6 42.7 37.3 53.2 7.6 10.3 18.3 23.2 53.7 West Salem 5.0 21.0 21.7 27.9 9.2 14.4 35.6 1944 Aledo . 79.6 98.7 84.9 95.9 59.6 48.7 70.9 70.1 64.0 Carlinville , . 24.2 46.3 73.7 69.2 22.1 22.7 45.0 46.0 60.3 Carthage . 39 . 2 64.8 89.7 88.8 44.2 60.2 75.6 81.0 95.5 Clayton . 54.3 82.9 89.9 92.1 35.3 48.7 62.8 67.6 67.0 Dixon . 55.5 103.5 110.1 110.8 55.5 80.2 89.5 100.2 111.0 Elizabethtown. . . 5.7 39.5 47.7 52.9 5.7 7.1 32.6 39.9 39.3 Enfield 6.9 14.3 22.8 27.3 4.9 3.6 11.0 16.0 15.7 Ewing . 14.7 29.9 42.1 44.5 15.0 17.4 31.1 38.7 48.8 Hartsburg , . 29.1 61.2 61.9 61.9 40.2 48.8 42.3 40.8 42.6 Joliet . 36.8 48.6 44.0 55.0 36.1 41.0 46.4 55.8 76.2 Kewanee . . 74.7 104.1 115.5 116.8 52.5 58.5 76.6 69.0 65.6 Lebanon . 28.9 88.4 114.0 110.7 30.9 38.5 104.9 103.5 113.0 McNabb . . 93 . 3 104.9 102.7 101.7 41.2 79.3 71.5 88.5 Minonk . 79.5 90.3 79.5 87.8 73.2 78.6 78.3 80.4 83.6 Mt. Morris . 35.0 79.5 95.1 100.9 33.3 44.3 83.1 92.3 88.6 Newton . 18.6 31.6 29.1 16.7 12.6 14.2 8.8 8.7 8.8 Oblong ,. 15.8 24.0 40.5 42.8 15.5 23.8 32.7 35.9 47.5 Oquawka . 51.2 67.6 69.5 72.7 42.8 51.6 51.9 47.6 49.8 Raleigh .. 15.0 34.2 43.2 48.6 19.3 18.9 25.8 30.0 50.7 Sparta 9.5 11.5 23.2 27.3 2.3 4.5 12.7 11.4 27.8 Toledo ,. 13.6 38.2 51.4 50.1 13.6 17.9 30.1 35.7 58.6 West Salem 1.0 10.0 16.9 20.6 8.9 9.4 20.6 Table 83. SECOND- YEAR CORN YIELDS: Experiment Fields, 1936-1944 (Bushels an acre) 7 Illinois Soil Manure systems Residues systems M ML MLrP R RL RLrP RLrPK 1936 Aledo , 22 ,5 36.4 39 .7 36.7 27.1 37.1 38.3 39.1 34.7 Hartsburg . .. 19 .3 24.6 24 .7 22.4 21.6 26.7 29.9 26.9 21.2 Joliet . .. 27 .7 37.1 38 ,8 43.3 32.4 33.0 32.8 39.2 45.2 Kewanee 39.8 45.5 52.1 54.3 54.4 McNabb . 29 4 33.1 36 .7 47.1 47.7 57.8 50.7 56.0 Minonk . . . 25 ,1 35.8 24 6 23.7 22.4 26.6 23.0 23.1 21.9 Mt.^Morris. . . . 39.5 41.0 44.4 43.6 47.2 1937 Aledo . 78 .9 102.0 104 .4 102.4 88.5 90.8 85.7 83.2 92.1 Hartsburg . .. 77 .0 93.0 93 .7 87.1 67.7 76.7 85.8 85.3 89.9 Joliet . .. 54 .0 57.4 57 6 55.6 55.7 57.0 59.3 60.4 56.6 Kewanee 92.8 96.1 98.6 103.4 107.0 McNabb . . . 82 . 2 94.0 97 5 105.4 81.7 84.6 80.3 84.1 Minonk . .. 100, 8 112.9 109 9 107.3 92.2 89.9 88.9 89.9 86.3 Mt. Morris. . . . 37.3 50.4 75.6 82.6 85.7 1938 Aledo . 64 .2 78.1 78 .3 82.2 76.2 77.7 66.9 58.5 63.3 Hartsburg . .. 53 9 75.9 83 .2 83.5 54.2 60.2 50.0 50.8 49.5 Joliet . .. 64 4 80.4 85 ,0 85.9 65.5 67.6 63.2 66.8 84.4 Kewanee 75.9 74.6 81.4 78.2 77.1 McNabb . 98, 7 115.1 105 3 119.0 91.9 90.6 106.4 87.6 Minonk . .. 72. 3 78.6 80. 2 89.4 81.0 81.8 81.5 76.4 73.9 Mt. Morris. . . . 55.7 52.9 73.5 74.9 67.9 1939 Aledo . 89 .8 97.6 117 .2 115.0 74.0 78.6 93.2 92.6 97.1 Hartsburg . .. 93 .3 102.7 106 .4 103.3 83.6 91.0 94.2 96.9 97.7 Joliet . .. 50 .7 75.7 81 .8 81.3 61.4 59.3 58.5 66.8 76.4 Kewanee 73.6 75.0 94.3 101.9 89.6 McNabb . 66 ,5 102.6 100 .3 92.4 50.9 55.7 64.4 63.1 Minonk . . . 85 , .1 95.3 76.5 87.2 74.6 90.0 98.4 94.0 92.7 Mt. Morris. . . . 31.6 30.3 51.1 50.3 52.5 1940 Aledo . .. 68 .9 86.7 92 .9 92.9 62.7 70.9 97.9 106.9 108.0 Hartsburg . . . 56 .1 74.0 74 .6 72.4 46.8 67.3 62.9 64.1 58.3 Joliet . .. 33 .0 35.6 32 .2 30.8 27.3 27.7 25.9 37.9 44.6 Kewanee 65.7 68.7 87.3 93.8 96.0 McNabb . 35, 8 27.3 18 .8 11.8 13.9 54.5 45.3 55.7 Minonk . .. 68, 83.9 82 6 79.8 70.9 74.8 60.7 51.3 50.2 Mt. Morris. . . . 48.5 51.8 78.3 80.3 89.3 1941 Aledo . 83 .9 112.8 112 .1 110.5 55.2 57.9 88.9 82.5 88.6 Hartsburg ... 71 ,7 93.1 81 .5 91.2 67.3 70.8 77.8 74.1 77.8 Joliet . .. 49 6 60.2 67 ,3 64.7 48.6 49.1 49.3 53.9 59.6 Kewanee 76.1 74.8 85.0 77.1 68.4 McNabb . 94 4 84.8 98 8 125.0 75.3 107.2 84.4 110.4 Minonk . .. 81. 7 89.8 85, 7 92.7 77.6 82.5 81.0 85.2 77.6 Mt. Morris. . . . 37.7 44.0 73.3 75.7 70.7 1942 Aledo . 85 4 100.3 11? 3 111.5 78.5 80.6 82.7 81.9 90.7 Hartsburg . .. 80.2 93.6 104 .2 107.7 66.7 75.9 66.5 62.5 61.4 Joliet . .. 56 .3 87.6 88 .3 89.9 60.8 60.0 63.7 74.5 82.6 Kewanee 66.2 64.1 74.3 79.4 79.9 McNabb . 86 5 117.7 117 .5 119.2 75.1 91.7 90.3 91.5 Minonk . .. 47 79.0 84 ,5 84.4 63.9 75.0 73.3 80.1 78.8 Mt. Morris. . . . 1943 Aledo . 81 7 102.0 102 .7 112.3 63.7 83.2 99.1 104.5 110.0 Hartsburg . .. 58 .3 84.8 79 .9 82.8 55.7 64.3 69.0 76.7 75.3 Joliet . .. 48 64.1 67 .4 69.4 49.2 49.9 56.9 71.2 74.4 Kewanee 63.5 67.6 83.5 83.8 83.1 McNabb . 56 6 96.5 95 .7 88.6 50.7 66.4 60.0 71.9 Minonk . . . 66 4 86.9 7? 9 78.0 48.5 64.2 59.7 57.2 65.6 Mt. Morris. . . . 48.7 51.1 75.7 79.1 78.4 1944 Aledo . 63 3 95.2 111 7 108.1 50.7 57.8 73.9 70.5 75.7 Hartsburg ... 17 .3 32.2 45 .3 50.5 27.3 25.7 17.6 15.5 16.5 Joliet . .. 38 3 52.3 56 3 63.0 41.3 48.2 47.7 60.3 65.7 Kewanee 62.5 66.2 76.1 85.1 75.7 McNabb . 62 1 79.8 86 6 85.9 36.8 56.3 55.3 59.3 Minonk . . . 72 S 85.2 88 9 79.6 57.3 69.4 67.7 76.5 78.7 Mt.^Morris. . . . 27.3 38.5 61.9 62.4 59.8 a Corn after soybeans. 210 BULLETIN No. 516 [December, Table 84. OAT YIELDS: Illinois Soil Experiment Fields, 1936-1944 (Bushels an acre) Field Manure systems Residues systems M ML MLrP R RL RLrP RLrPK 1936 35 8 40.0 60.4 58.2 53.2 70.3 24.4 18.3 57.2 45.9 64.2 52.6 65.2 55.9 64.2 3.2 31.6 8.2 17.6 52.1 83.4 65.8 54.5 72.8 (Wi, 35.9 31.0 59.4 46.7 60.0 68.4 67.1 46.9 73.1 21.4 47.0 10.2 18.5 53.9 82.5 67.1 59.5 77.8 iter oats did 40.3 27.2 61.9 47.0 58.7 71.2 71.0 49.5 75.5 24.9 50.8 7.3 20.7 24.0 27.4 42.2 56.2 44.2 50.3 52.0 51.4 57.6 36.7 37.0 48.7 45.6 51.9 59.1 not survive, severe winter) 14.8 13.8 29.4 6.3 5.1 20.2 45.9 49.4 50.6 40.5 37.8 40.0 43.7 38.6 43.7 39.6 45.2 69.3 56.2 49.9 53.7 54.0 43.8 43.8 48.9 40.9 53.9 .1 3.0 31.9 32.5 39.1 42.6 52.3 58.2 50.6 61.6 35.9 22.8 54.1 44.2 46.9 80.4 56.2 39.9 55.5 7.2 44.2 42.8 61.7 57.6 48.7 57.8 42.8 34.8 53.8 52.3 46.1 83.6 38i6 57.2 15.1 43.9 . 51.7 Carthage . 42.0 38 3 46.6 15.2 Elizabethtown . . . Enfield . 10.4 Hartsburg 49.7 41.1 43.4 36.1 46.1 . 42.4 Joliet Mt. Morris . 45.0 21.8 5.1 13.9 Raleigh Sparta a Toledo 13.9 6.7 9.4 13.9 20.1 1937 Aledo .. 64.1 66.9 63.0 95.3 72.8 75.8 46.0 41.3 27.9 79.8 67.8 64.7 82.5 81.2 67.8 62.0 34.3 56.8 59.1 49.2 63.8 63.6 95.3 83.8 78.0 79.7 52.1 62.1 83.6 72.7 47.8 90.4 83.1 66.8 67.2 52.9 59.7 54.7 65.6 55.6 69.6 94.7 84.7 79.8 78.8 52.9 51.9 75.3 74.7 58.5 95.8 89.6 73.8 65.9 51.3 73.8 57.9 66.2 57.8 52.2 82.7 66.2 64.9 12.6 26.5 3.8 64.7 56.2 80.7 69.9 72.2 75.3 45.5 16.1 29.5 60.0 56.5 87.1 69.2 63.1 15.6 27.9 9.5 65.3 59.5 73.1 71.8 54.1 73.3 42.8 21.7 34.5 61.6 65.8 92.2 77.6 72.6 54.8 39.0 27.6 66.8 58.8 76.3 80.9 52.5 72.5 55.3 43.4 41.5 64.4 71.2 90.2 91.7 74.7 83.9 48.7 39.2 65.5 66.2 81.8 83.8 65.8 72.0 55.2 44.4 73.8 73.1 68.9 92.2 81.4 76.4 67.1 51.4 51.3 71.3 69.4 83.3 89.4 71.9 46.6 52.6 68.7 54.1 73 9 Clayton 70.9 64.9 . 12.6 24.6 8.9 66.2 55.5 57.0 67.8 68.3 75.7 43.1 9.3 23.6 26.4 25.6 Elizabethtown*. . Enfield Joliet .... McNabb Toledo 25.6 22.8 49.9 63.8 56.2 1938 Aledo 44.9 27.2 24.7 23.7 39.9 2.8 7.5 7.6 41.8 67.6 33.2 41.8 29.8 62.8 27.0 3.5 6.9 7.7 36.1 38.4 31.7 38.3 43.1 11.8 16.0 14.0 53.8 77.3 38.4 59.6 38.1 70.2 29.7 16.8 15.7 15.3 43.6 38.4 35.8 34.3 36.8 30.4 38.5 33.1 53.4 72.3 39.5 60.8 33.3 65.1 31.8 39.7 22.0 27.4 40.2 38.8 35.4 35.6 44.7 33.4 41.2 37.6 44.6 77.0 37.2 67.2 28.4 60.3 36.9 40.0 30.2 28.1 47.5 28.0 27.9 29.2 40.8 2.8 11.7 6.7 37.9 66.6 36.5 45.0 30.4 47.8 28.6 4.1 41.8 26.4 25.6 31.1 43.1 1.8 14.2 10.2 42.2 69.1 36.8 44.4 33.6 49.5 32.6 4.4 42.7 34.6 28.2 34.1 41.0 11.1 25.2 22.3 42.7 61.7 37.0 53.9 27.4 44.5 36.2 21.2 42.4 37.8 28.8 41.7 45.9 32.4 25.7 24.8 37.9 75.5 31.8 54.5 31.3 48.8 36.5 25.4 45.9 35.6 30.7 41.3 54.2 33.1 25.6 36.3 40.5 76.2 31.8 61.8 49! i 39.4 29.2 Carthage Elizabethtown*. . Enfield Joliet McNabb Mt. Morris Raleigh Sparta* Toledo 10.2 6.4 19.5 18.2 20.8 a Winter oats. 7945] EFFECTS OF SOIL TREATMENT ON SOIL PRODUCTIVITY 211 Table 84. OAT YIELDS, Continued (Bushels an acre) Field Manure systems Residues systems M ML MLrP R RL RLrP RLrPK 1939 Aledo 51.1 29.3 41.1 52.9 38.2 1.9 23.3 13.3 56.1 55.2 37.9 47.9 43.8 49.5 41.9 18.6 16.7 12.3 67.6 45.3 47.4 71.8 52.2 26.2 38.7 28.4 79.4 56.7 43.8 55.8 64.9 62.6 52.5 35.7 31.8 24.7 74.7 53.9 60.3 83.6 56.3 47.9 57.6 51.8 80.1 56.4 51.0 55.4 71.4 59.7 63.0 57.4 58.4 44.9 79.2 54.9 62.8 85.7 59.2 59.1 59.0 54.3 80.4 56.2 62.4 59.6 66.9 61.3 62.2 59.3 53.3 45.9 60.2 39.0 48.3 54.2 37.2 1.9 20.9 14.6 50.3 55.8 43.7 59.6 46.9 50.5 23.9 21.8 64.2 40.7 49.6 55.9 39.8 1.0 25.8 21.5 50.6 55.2 43.0 57.1 44.4 54.3 27.1 23.7 72.2 47.1 50.5 67.9 50.9 16.8 40.4 53.7 42.3 53.6 44.2 53.6 35.4 46.9 42.8 48.9 70.6 49.8 47.7 78.3 49.9 47.6 42.8 54.3 45.5 60.5 55.5 55.4 48.3 48.9 45.5 59.3 67.8 51.1 49.2 72.6 47.1 41.5 46.8 56.2 40.7 55.9 43.4 52.6 46.9 47.1 47.0 Carlinville Dixon Elizabethtown* . . Enfield Joliet McNabb Raleigh Sparta* Toledo 12.0 10.8 42.4 42.7 46.5 1940 Aledo 59.1 66.6 42.1 44.7 41.6 7.6 19.3 18.0 74.8 61.4 52.0 43.9 54.2 73.1 60.7 42.8 8.9 . 33.4 58.6 95.7 63.5 65.6 49.6 26.3 40.8 34.5 90.1 70.5 73.0 75.3 79.2 84.9 77.2 45.9 25.6 55.8 77.0 103.8 73.9 83.2 55.5 44.8 52.8 55.0 92.0 75.8 82.5 76.2 81.4 78.2 98.1 69.5 62.1 70.9 81.1 100.5 76.1 72.9 59.8 55.6 53.1 53.8 93.2 84.4 84.5 75.6 83.6 72.4 96.3 66.3 70.8 85.8 43.1 72.9 52.5 45.6 37.5 7.6 26.1 15.8 57.6 65.2 44.4 46.4 56.1 67.4 49.2 43.5 45.3 71.7 67.9 51.6 42.6 17.8 26.2 19.9 60.2 57.3 47.4 48.3 54.2 75.6 43.6 49.3 59.9 73.2 85.2 75.8 55.2 20.4 49.4 40.5 59.2 58.3 58.9 76.9 57.1 54.4 54.7 58.5 61.5 94.2 92.4 83.2 66.3 35.4 58.5 44.2 61.9 77.8 70.6 89.0 67.8 52.1 56.1 67.0 58.4 92.7 85.5 79.1 69.5 45.9 66.5 55.7 63.1 78.6 58.6 81.4 53 .'i 56.9 69.0 Clayton Elizabethtown* . . Enfield Hartsburg Joliet Lebanon McNabb Raleigh Toledo 33.4 30.2 62.4 71.2 69.6 1941 Aledo 37.8 42 4 44.6 69.5 57.2 51.9 19.6 45.0 19.6 64.5 60.8 33.2 75.0 51.9 61.1 64.3 30.6 18.7 33.4 51.0 78.4 67.4 65.5 69.9 64.4 46.4 60.4 61.6 32.4 82.3 49.9 47.8 71.2 34.9 67.4 51.6 53.0 77.6 70.2 65.8 (Soybeans 91.1 70.6 49.6 64.7 65.5 36.6 82.6 52.6 53.6 66.8 37.6 73.5 51.0 37.4 28.5 52.6 52.0 54.4 56.9 40.9 43.3 substituted for oats) 12.5 9.6 13.6 12.3 9.5 15.5 43.8 57.8 58.7 59.9 20.6 16.0 37.0 30.6 51.2 54.2 48.6 49.9 42.8 39.6 21.8 24.2 41.9 72.2 61.4 56.4 32.4 30.2 32.9 57.5 58.8 18.5 73.4 44.2 46.2 54.2 29.7 43.6 82.1 59.1 59.5 48.8 36.5 34.8 63.4 64.1 20.7 79.4 58.9 51.8 60.8 33.1 37.4 77.3 53.8 51.9 74.4 45.6 47.1 60.0 65.7 25.5 81.7 5K9 59.3 41.2 Carlinville Carthage 45.6 40.9 12.5 26.1 12.6 58.4 57.3 30.8 31.6 43.9 60.1 51.7 18.9 6.4 7.6 Elizabethtown* . . Enfield Ewing Joliet Mt. Morris Raleigh .... 7.6 5.7 29.6 40.9 38.4 Winter oats. 212 BULLETIN No. 510 [December, Table 84. OAT YIELDS, Concluded (Bushels an acre) Field Manure systems Residues systems M ML MLrP R RL RLrP RLrPK 1942 53.5 52.1 46.8 9.1 15.2 3.8 43.7 64.8 59.2 54.2 66.1 66.0 3.5 2.9 9.1 71.7 62.3 69.4 28.8 35.3 10.1 53.8 76.8 71.8 75.4 68.6 66.9 16.5 7.4 26.8 78.7 58.2 78.7 64.1 88.8 41.9 54.5 80.6 79.4 67.4 65.1 68.8 41.5 12.9 37.1 75.5 61.0 76.5 76.0 92.9 44.4 53.7 84.1 81.5 64.5 59.0 71.6 37.9 14.9 41.1 53.5 53.2 51.8 9.1 55.1 59.3 55.6 6.6 62.3 63.9 63.2 35.7 63.9 55.8 62.8 67.4 63.1 58.3 71.0 63.3 Clayton Elizabethtown" . . Enfield" 6.3 39.4 65.2 60.5 58.1 36.4 51.8 3.8 7.6 43.7 57.8 55.4 62.2 48.6 61.6 8.5 22.8 44.5 57.7 60.1 49.5 47.3 69.6 29.6 26.0 46.9 67.3 63.0 57.5 44.2 71.5 34.6 36.8 45.6 68.0 61.8 so'.s 69.3 35.2 joliet McNabb Raleigh .... Sparta" Toledo 6.5 . 7.2 32.0 35.1 36.9 1943 Aledo 43.8 38.5 42.0 1.7 18.9 28.6 36.5 50.0 47.9 58.2 48.4 45.3 17.5 1.3 59.4 57.2 56.3 14.8 22.5 33.0 45.4 55.0 57.2 75.1 54.4 42.4 17.5 5.3 3.0 60.6 57.8 58.2 45.4 43.4 41.2 46.5 54.2 60.9 74.5 48.1 41.3 30.8 26.9 14.1 45.9 58.0 56.9 47.3 44.2 47.6 43.5 55.8 67.7 69.4 44.6 41.7 34.3 24.4 12.5 37.2 45.6 36.6 1.7 37.0 48.0 40.7 7.5 39.7 48.9 40.1 21.3 43.1 51.5 42.3 34.0 45.9 50.9 45.2 31.7 Elizabethtown" . . Enfield" 15.9 25.9 44.8 45.5 50.2 40.8 33.3 14.9 19.1 34.0 46.9 41.7 48.0 34.5 34.4 15.2 49.5 31.1 47.7 49.4 48.3 32.9 47.0 29.2 43.8 27.6 50.0 48.7 48.6 31.6 51.3 35.5 46.9 29.5 51.6 43.3 34.2 53.5 35.2 Hartsburg Joliet McNabb Toledo 2.0 10.2 10.8 11.5 1944 Aledo 53.4 11.5 56.8 7.1 10.0 17.0 33.8 38.0 70.5 42.0 39.4 45.5 21.5 17.5 14.3 60.0 14.8 75.2 29.0 39.0 31.4 58.3 44.8 82.1 50.9 41.9 44.9 26.6 41.2 29.9 65.6 31.7 81.5 51.1 62.0 44.6 46.5 39.5 75.7 48.6 42.6 45.0 30.0 43.1 43.9 64.7 32.3 79.6 47.2 52.2 48.1 43.3 38.1 73.5 48.9 36.8 49.4 36.4 52.5 47.7 35.9 11.6 64.7 7.1 43.1 19.1 69.5 15.7 44.4 27.4 80.2 28.2 43.4 29.3 79.3 44.7 44.7 35.7 73.3 50.5 Dixon Elizabethtown a . . . Enfield" 10.7 20.4 37.2 54.7 33.8 31.0 35.7 23.2 18.9 34.4 37.8 53.7 41.7 42.6 28.2 25.9 27.1 26.1 30.8 60.3 41.3 44.2 33.2 31.6 30.2 31.2 30.8 61.9 43.3 49.7 35.3 31.3 45.9 34.8 27.8 54.2 44'.9 37.1 40.2 Joliet McNabb . . Mt. Morris Raleigh . . Sparta" Toledo 14.3 10.8 37.2 41.4 41.4 a Winter oats. 1945] EFFECTS OF SOIL TREATMENT ON SOIL PRODUCTIVITY 213 Table 85. WHEAT YIELDS: Illinois Soil Experiment Fields, 1936-1944 (Bushels an acre) Field Manure systems Residues systems M ML MLrP R RL RLrP RLrPK 1936 Aledo 26.3 32.6 43.9 46.2 46.9 Carlinville 3.3 8.9 16.9 27.1 7.5 9.1 16.2 20.0 25.7 Carthage . 27.7 41.2 49.9 50.6 35.1 41.5 39.1 44.5 44.5 Clayton . 17.7 32.2 39.8 44.0 22.7 25.6 34.1 45.6 43.9 Dixon . 18.7 32.3 45.5 43.8 23.0 30.0 39.2 45.8 46.8 Elizabethtown. . . 5.1 13.3 26.2 32.7 5.1 2.4 13.5 33.2 35.6 Enfield 3.6 6.6 24.7 33.1 5.3 6.1 13.2 23.5 28.8 Ewing 1.0 5.5 33.5 35.7 1.0 13.7 20.7 32.1 Hartsburg 20.2 34.5 37.3 38.8 41.3 Joliet 5.2 8.0 11.7 19.9 10.2 8.2 9.6 20.5 28.8 Kewanee . 27.8 36.0 39.8 53.7 27.8 20.2 28.2 38.7 35.1 Lebanon 4.6 9.8 20.3 24.4 8.5 10.0 12.0 12.5 12.5 McNabb 39.9 47.8 43.7 48.2 Minonk 17.3 23.0 35.7 40.2 39.3 Mt. Morris . 33.6 43.2 53.1 54.7 20.7 23.0 43.3 50.6 51.2 Newton .5 3.7 8.5 .8 .2 2.3 Oblong 3.3 10.9 14.0 .9 1.2 5.1 8.7 11.4 Oquawka . 12.9 16.0 13.2 13.5 13.2 15.3 13.7 13.0 15.6 Raleigh .5 .9 9.2 13.6 1.9 .9 3.0 11.0 12.9 Sparta 2.0 3.1 13.1 24.1 1.4 .7 9.9 14.3 13.8 Sparta* 1.7 1.4 7.8 8.5 14.6 Toledo 1.6 2.9 8.6 10.1 .7 .7 2.4 2.0 6.1 West Salem .9 4.0 9.1 11.8 8.0d 12.6 12.1 12.4 West Salemb 4.9 7.5 6.4 2.2 d 2.2 3.2 5.7 1937 Aledo 33.9 36.9 34.9 34.5 35.7 Carlinville 23.1 29.7 23.5 26.7 26.0 25.9 19.7 22.9 26.6 Carthage . 28.6 24.9 27.6 25.9 27.2 26.9 27.9 21.5 27.9 Clayton . 17.1 22.9 22.7 23.5 19.1 18.8 20.5 19.1 23.9 Dixon . 21.7 30.4 34.9 34.9 24.7 27.1 30.7 30.7 33.1 Elizabethtown. . . 1.2 14.3 29.1 33.7 1.2 1.0 11.5 29.5 38.8 Enfield 7.4 13.8 32.9 36.8 6.3 8.2 17.3 22.0 30.6 Ewing 6.6 12.4 35.4 34.0 .7 .5 14.3 20.1 35.4 Hartsburg 34.7 37.3 34.3 34.3 35.1 Joliet . 35.1 40.2 38.4 39.7 31.4 32.1 26.0 34.9 33.6 Kewanee . 38.7 43.4 45.2 45.3 37.7 41.7 46.5 49.2 49.0 Lebanon . 38.6 36.4 35.4 33.7 37.6 36.4 37.1 39.1 40.4 McNabb 44.3 41.8 39.6 40.8 Minonk 34.7 39.4 36.4 36.7 37.4 Mt. Morris 21.5 32.5 35.7 37.3 24.8 24.3 21.3 30.7 32.1 Newton 2.0 18.0 22.3 6.1 2.9 10.7 14.0 21.4 Oblong . 10.0 15.5 24.1 25.8 6.5 8.9 16.1 18.8 27.2 Oquawka 1.0 2.0 4.9 5.3 .8 .6 3.2 6.1 9.6 Raleigh 9.5 17.1 34.6 38.7 12.4 15.3 28.2 32.8 38.0 Sparta 1.7 2.4 27.6 35.3 3.2 4.0 16.8 19.9 26.6 Sparta* 4.7 4.7 19.7 20.9 26.3 Toledo 1.9 3.4 11.9 15.0 4.9 4.1 9.0 7.5 13.4 West Salem 1.6 10.3" 20.0 25.5 14. 9 d 14.6 19.3 22.6 West Salem> 15.1 23.3 29.5 9.2< 7.8 19.8 26.1 1938 Aledo 19.7 22.6 31.9 36.8 37.0 Carlinville 7.9 18.2 32.7 29.7 10.1 11.8 24.6 28.7 25.5 Carthage . 21.6 32.2 41.3 41.5 29.2 30.0 35.4 39.1 41.2 Clayton . 22.8 29.2 33.8 33.4 23.0 22.4 29.0 31.9 31.4 Dixon . 25.1 30.2 37.9 38.6 22.3 25.3 32.5 38.1 35.9 Elizabethtown . . . 4.9 8.9 18.5 26.7 4.9 7.8 13.8 26.6 27.1 Enfield 2.5 6.3 14.5 16.7 2.9 4.3 14.0 14.7 17.7 Second-year wheat. b Wheat following corn. c Four tons of limestone applied in 1912. d Four tons of limestone applied in 1912, 4 tons in 1933. 214 BULLETIN No. 516 [December, Table 85. WHEAT YIELDS, Continued (Bushels an acre) Manure systems Residues systems M ML MLrP R RL RLrP RLrPK 1938 , concluded Ewing 5.8 11.2 20.7 29.2 4.1 3.7 13.4 15.3 28.8 Hartsburg 27.8 35.3 32.3 36.5 35.5 Joliet . 22.2 27.3 28.9 30.0 22.8 25.6 25.0 27.6 30.4 Kewanee . 23.5 32.5 31.1 33.3 30.9 31.3 32.4 37.2 38.3 Lebanon . 18.2 32.4 31.2 29.7 17.9 24.6 28.0 29.2 35.9 McNabb 30.0 37.2 33.4 35.3 Minonk 23.1 29.5 21.5 34.2 35.1 Mt. Morris 12.0 17.6 19.6 20.2 11.2 11.5 16.0 18.4 20.0 Newton 1.2 6.9 28.0 34.6 1.6 1.8 18.9 27.8 37.4 Oblong . 11.7 16.6 24.3 29.3 9.8 10.2 16.1 23.0 29.7 Oquawka . 12.0 17.6 18.7 19.6 9.8 10.4 11.8 11.7 12.3 Raleigh 5.9 7.6 20.3 27.3 6.6 8.7 12.4 15.9 30.9 Sparta 8.6 15.7 26.3 27.4 1.9 1.7 19.2 21.5 23.9 Sparta" 3.8 3.8 20.2 21.2 22.6 Toledo 8.5 25.2 29.1 32.5 8.5 8.6 25.6 30.0 37.9 West Salem 3.8 17.8 24.7 30.2 20. 4 d 17.7 22.7 31.2 West Salemb 7.1 8.0 10.8 17.2 10. 4 d 14.1 17.2 19.6 1939 Aledo 30.1 33.6 35.5 36.2 36.0 Carlinville 23.5 31.9 36.6 37.2 26.0 26.9 33.3 37.4 39.7 Carthage . 26.1 37.7 36.5 39.5 35.2 31.7 36.2 41.7 40.9 Clayton . 19.3 24.0 24.7 31.2 17.9 16.9 22.5 30.9 34.5 Dixon . 26.4 33.7 33.9 36.3 26.4 32.4 37.0 40.7 41.4 Elizabethtown. . . 4.8 13.7 15.8 22.0 4.8 3.5 9.1 20.2 22.7 Enfield 2.5 5.8 19.9 27.7 3.6 4.2 8.1 17.8 26.0 Ewing 5.4 13.9 29.1 29.8 8.0 6.8 21.7 32.5 36.1 Hartsburg 23.2 35.2 30.1 33.9 32.5 Joliet . 24.4 32.5 29.1 37.2 26.6 25.7 21.4 34.4 40.1 Kewanee . 16.7 28.4 35.6 37.6 22.6 27.3 32.8 35.1 32.4 Lebanon . 34.7 37.2 34.9 33.9 38.1 38.8 39.4 39.4 37.4 McNabb 25.6 32.1 29.7 30.4 Minonk 27.3 35.1 32.6 31.9 32.1 Mt. Morris 15.0 22.3 26.8 28.7 14.3 18.6 28.8 30.7 31.4 Newton 6.5 16.6 35.8 40.3 10.6 9.7 23.3 28.9 33.6 Oblong 2.9 12.7 33.4 37.1 8.0 10.0 22.0 27.2 33.3 Oquawka . 18.0 25.3 32.6 34.1 23.8 22.3 24.2 21.4 25.4 Raleigh 7.2 14.8 25.1 29.0 11.0 7.8 15.7 27.0 31.9 Sparta 8.9 12.0 35.6 39.0 8.9 9.6 20.9 22.1 23.3 Sparta" 5.1 4.4 26.8 34.2 37.6 Toledo 8.3 20.5 25.6 24.7 8.3 13.5 20.8 29.1 32.9 West Salem 2.2 16.1' 25.2 31.9 15. 2 d 13.2 26.5 28.9 West Salemb 1.8 9.4-= 13.8 21.2 6.4 d 7.0 12.8 19.5 1940 Aledo 29.5 36.7 47.8 50.1 49.8 Carlinville 28.5 37.2 36.4 41.1 34.8 36.9 41.4 44.5 48.3 Carthage . 30.1 36.6 38.8 35.6 25.7 31.3 37.3 40.6 41.7 Clayton . 32.8 38.2 34.6 33.4 32.3 34.1 35.9 29.3 37.1 Dixon . 41.0 53.2 52.2 52.3 44.1 46.4 53.2 54.4 51.8 Elizabethtown. . . 3.3 6.5 18.0 25.7 3.3 2.2 13.5 25.8 24.1 Enfield 6.3 14.3 37.6 42.7 12.5 13.1 28.0 28.3 42.4 Ewing 8.2 14.4 36.2 35.3 8.9 11.0 30.5 35.0 42.2 Hartsburg 20.9 33.9 37.4 43.8 42.2 Joliet 23.3 25.3 25.8 29.7 22.2 23.8 23.2 30.6 28.7 Kewanee . 26.1 33.3 31.9 40.5 21.1 27.5 32.1 38.0 34.9 Lebanon . 30.0 38.1 33.2 33.1 29.0 31.9 28.3 33.1 41.8 McNabb 33.9 40.3 44.7 48.6 Minonk 14.7 17.2 15.0 18.8 22.6 Mt. Morris . 50.2 52.1 51.2 49.8 24.4 29.5 41.7 48.1 52.1 Newton 2.5 8.1 25.2 27.7 3.0 5.7 17.1 26.2 30.1 Second-year wheat. b Wheat following corn. c Four tons of limestone applied in 1912. d Four tons of limestone applied in 1912, 4 tons in 1933. 1945] EFFECTS OF SOIL TREATMENT ON SOIL PRODUCTIVITY 215 Table 85. WHEAT YIELDS, Continued (Bushels an acre) Field Manure systems Residues systems M ML MLrP R RL RLrP RLrPK 1940, concluded Oblong 12.3 13.3 25.7 28.4 7.0 9.4 22.7 28.0 29.2 Oquawka 8.3 16.0 26.8 28.0 13.8 11.5 21.2 21.8 25.7 Raleigh 4.7 15.8 36.4 41.1 5.5 7.9 28.4 35.5 43.0 Sparta 8.2 18.2 41.5 38.7 3.8 7.2 32.9 40.8 40.1 Sparta" 6.7 8.2 36.0 37.7 47.6 Toledo 13.2 27.3 29.2 29.0 14.4 13.6 27.9 28.5 34.1 West Salem 9.9 11. 6 15.0 19.9 15. H 19.0 21.7 23.4 West Salemb 8.3" 11.8 15.2 8.2> .... 1.4 5.9 8.5 15.9 6.0 d 10.4 11.3 15.0 a Second-year wheat. b Wheat following corn. c Four tons of limestone applied in 1912. d Four tons of limestone applied in 1912, 4 tons in 1933. 216 BULLETIN No. 516 [December, Table 85. WHEAT YIELDS, Concluded (Bushels an acre) Field Manure systems Residues systems M ML MLrP R RL RLrP RLrPK 1943 Aledo 12.5 15.0 21.2 22.7 22.2 Carlinville 2.8 13.4 21.4 25.6 8.1 9.1 15.5 22.2 25.9 Carthage . 10.6 22.8 26.2 26.2 12.1 14.4 21.0 21.5 22.2 Clayton 8.4 12.9 15.5 19.4 18.7 Dixon 13.0 21.6 22.0 22.7 13.0 16.7 15.6 22.0 28.2 Elizabethtown . . . 3.0 9.6 22.1 28.4 3.0 3.9 13.8 23.6 37.6 Enfield 7.3 16.8 31.6 38.0 10.8 11.9 19.8 27.4 32.4 Enfield 12.2 13.6 20.1 25.5 35.3 Ewing 5.2 21.7 41.6 41.3 8.6 15.5 21.1 23.7 42.6 Hartsburg 8.8 12.6 16.2 17.3 17.2 Joliet 11.7 14.8 16.9 18.3 13.2 11.5 12.6 19.2 13.9 Kewanee 8.2 15.1 23.2 29.1 13.5 12.2 18.3 20.7 20.3 Lebanon 8.8 19.1 24.4 23.7 12.3 16.4 21.1 22.5 21.0 McNabb 22.5 28.0 23.5 27.5 Minonk 20.0 20.6 19.3 19.8 22.5 Mt. Morris 17.5 28.3 30.7 32.6 14.4 16.9 26.6 29.3 25.1 Newton .8 1.3 16.0 17.5 1.7 .8 9.3 11.0 15.3 Oblong 2.7 9.3 27.0 31.4 1.5 2.5 17.2 19.2 22.8 Oquawka . 12.6 19.0 31.9 32.9 15.0 14.1 23.9 21.3 27.3 Raleigh 2.5 6.2 24.4 28.0 5.1 5.4 12.0 19.4 24.8 Sparta 4.5 9.3 26.7 31.3 5.5 16.3 16.7 27.7 Sparta" 2.3 1.7 18.3 26.7 30.0 Toledo 1.8 11.4 13.0 12.3 2.1 3.0 7.9 6.8 15.3 West Salem 4.4 16.7" 28.3 37.3 21. 6 d 21.0 26.0 35.0 West Salemb 9.1 19.2 21.9 12. 6d 11.3 13.2 25.0 1944 Aledo 14.2 15.2 20.8 21.7 22.5 Carlinville 16.7 24.1 28.5 33.4 16.6 14.4 21.1 33.1 32.6 Carthage . 10.9 19.3 23.8 23.8 12.4 12.1 7.0 18.1 22.2 Clayton 12.0 15.9 18.1 21.0 20.0 Dixon 26.4 37.7 40.4 37.5 27.9 31.3 37.4 39.0 39.9 Elizabethtown. . . 6.7 11.6 20.6 23.1 6.7 2.1 17.7 26.8 29.1 Enfield . 10.0 20.4 31.7 32.0 8.8 9.3 20.9 23.7 27.1 Enfield* 11.3 11.9 21.5 25.2 28.1 Ewing 4.7 10.1 28.6 29.0 5.4 11.4 20.5 24.9 32.5 Hartsburg 7.1 8.6 14.6 15.7 12.1 Joliet 23.9 29.6 30.2 32.9 21.3 23.1 22.7 33.4 35.5 Kewanee . 16.9 22.1 24.1 30.4 15.4 16.6 21.0 24.1 20.8 Lebanon . 25.9 29.3 30.8 33.2 21.8 24.0 27.9 30.3 30.1 McNabb 16.8 23.2 22.8 25.1 Minonk 19.0 21.6 24.0 22.7 23.4 Mt. Morris . 27.6 31.5 33.6 32.0 11.4 10.5 19.1 23.3 24.7 Newton 16.5 20.3 8.8 14.7 21.7 Oblong 5.3 14.1 24.5 29.6 1.4 2.0 13.3 24.7 30.8 Oquawka 1.8 11.3 24.8 23.8 9.7 7.8 12.8 9.2 12.8 Raleigh 8.7 16.9 28.0 30.0 10.3 11.9 21.4 26.7 28.9 Sparta . 12.7 23.3 39.3 40.3 2.7 2.2 25.3 30.3 31.0 Sparta 8 7.0 10.0 34.8 38.8 45.7 Toledo 4.6 6.4 26.7 24.5 2.4 1.2 18.3 20.4 25.0 West Salem . 13.6 12.1 = 16.6 26.5 16.6<1 16.7 20.7 27.4 West Salemb .... 13.4 17.9 22.5 10. 4 d 9.4 13.1 19.6 a Second-year wheat. b Wheat following corn. c Four tons of limestone applied in 1912. d Four tons of limestone applied in 1912, 4 tons in 1933. 19451 EFFECTS OF SOIL TREATMENT ON SOIL PRODUCTIVITY 217 Table 86. HAY YIELDS: Illinois Soil Experiment Fields, 1936-1944 (Tons an acre) Field Manure systems Residues systems M ML MLrP R RL RLrP RLrPK 1936 Aledo (clover-alfalfa) 1 .78 2.50 3 .74 3.69 Carlinville (clover-alfalfa) .... .70 1.38 2 .71 2.59 .73 .47 1.39 2.53 2.52 Carthage (clover) 1 .54 1.86 1 .86 2.20 1.70 1.42 1.65 1.90 2.07 Clayton (clover-alfalfa) 1 .45 1.90 2 .43 2.53 1.40 1.03 1.14 1.40 1.84 Dixon (clover) 1 .86 2.21 2 .43 2.37 1.37 1.01 1.41 1.56 1.68 Elizabethtown (clover-alfalfa) .24 1 .27 2.14 .20 1.60 1.73 Enfield" (lespedeza) Ewing (mixed) .93 1.42 .76 1.04 1.93 Hartsburg (clover-alfalfa) .... 2 .16 3.43 3 .94 3.93 Joliet (clover-alfalfa) .93 1.47 2 .06 2.12 1.03 1.00 .89 1.86 2.08 Kewanee (clover-alfalfa) 9S 1.42 ? .07 2.18 Lebanon (clover-alfalfa) .92 2.14 3 .17 3.53 1.26 1.28 2.13 2.79 3.18 McNabb (clover-alfalfa) 1 60 1.57 1 .60 .56 Minonk (clover-alfalfa) 1 86 2.34 ? .18 2.27 Mt. Morris (clover) 1 .15 1.96 2 .40 2.50 Newton (redtop hay) .37 .54 50 .50 .44 .44 .34 .38 .60 Oblong (timothy) .37 .44 1 .47 1.66 .31 .48 .86 .93 1.34 Oquawka (alfalfa) .07 .98 1.20 .21 .23 .27 Raleigh (mixed) 1 .13 1.43 .50 1.04 1.02 Sparta (mixed) 1 .22 1.42 Toledo (mixed) 1 .14 1.12 .59 .66 1.24 1937 Aledo (clover-alfalfa) .08 1 57 1 43 Carlinville (alfalfa) .09 .89 7 40 2.73 2.23 2.12 2.66 2.80 3.13 Carthage (soybeans) 2 .00 2.15 2 .40 2.30 2.10 2.20 2.35 2.47 2.52 Clayton (alfalfa) .54 .67 .60 .43 .60 .45 .56 .71 .85 Dixon a Elizabethtown (clover-alfalfa) .09 3 .56 4.62 1.13 3.46 3.20 Enfield (lespedeza) .19 .11 1 .50 1.77 .07 .11 1.34 1.60 1.89 Ewing (mixed) 1 38 1.61 .19 .55 .76 1.59 Hartsburg (clover-alfalfa) .... ? 87 4.41 3 .63 3.58 Joliet (clover-alfalfa) .75 1.20 1 .47 1.38 .86 .58 .57 .73 .58 Kewanee (oat hay) 1 92 2.16 ?, 34 2.53 Lebanon (clover-alfalfa) .94 1.78 5 .05 5.27 2.13 1.58 3.42 3.44 3.50 McNabb (alfalfa) .22 .40 .28 Minonk* Mt. Morris* Newton (redtop) .90 .90 1 .55 1.78 .62 1.75 1.35 1.50 1.72 Oblong (timothy) ,72 1.01 2 .00 2.60 .89 .97 1.70 1.90 2.29 Oquawka* (alfalfa) Raleigh (mixed) ,10 .26 ? 58 3.24 .05 .16 1.07 1.36 1.98 Sparta (mixed) .84 .84 Toledo (mixed) 63 .81 1 .26 .83 .63 .55 .69 .90 1.08 1938 Aledo (clover-alfalfa) .91 2.99 5 .18 5.80 Carlinville (clover-alfalfa) .... 2 .70 4.18 4 .88 5.79 3.74 2.86 3.09 4.28 5.10 Carthage (clover) 2 ,49 4.21 4 47 4.71 4.00 1.73 2.19 2.68 2.50 Clayton (clover-alfalfa) 1 ,17 2.24 4 .01 4.39 1.25 .31 1.54 2.30 2.78 Dixon (clover) 7 98 3.57 ^ .72 3.74 2.98 1.75 1.94 2.28 2.02 Elizabethtown (clover-alfalfa) 1 .43 2.73 .32 .88 1.10 Enfield (lespedeza) 1 63 1.71 .69 1.14 1.69 Ewing (mixed hay) 1, 68 3.16 .37 .63 1.70 Hartsburg (clover-alfalfa) .... 3. ,72 4.40 5 .46 5.19 Joliet (clover-alfalfa) 2 64 3.06 3 36 3.67 2.07 1.39 1.41 i.si 2.03 Kewanee (clover-alfalfa) 1 00 1.81 7 .30 2.44 Lebanon (clover-alfalfa) 5.42 5 .77. 5.55 2.47 1.92 4.51 4.53 4.59 McNabb (clover-alfalfa) 3 7? 3.75 3 .92 4.22 Minonk (clover) 5 59 5.99 5 61 5.23 Mt. Morris (clover) ,59 .90 7 .18 2.34 Newton (redtop) 48 .72 95 1.10 .62 .88 1.00 i.66 1.42 Oblong (timothy) 65 .90 1 80 1.95 .78 .80 1.28 1.35 1.72 Oquawka (alfalfa) 77 .95 .52 .50 1.57 Raleigh (mixed) 04 .20 1 37 1.54 .23 .40 .64 Sparta (mixed) 7 31 2.62 Toledo (mixed) 1.05 3 22 2.95 .55 .67 2.09 a Crop failure. 218 BULLETIN No. 516 [December, Table 86. HAY YIELDS, Continued (Tons an acre) Field Manure systems Residues systems M ML MLrP R RL RLrP RLrPK 1939 Aledo (clover-alfalfa) ? 90 2.73 3.94 3.73 Carlinville (clover-alfalfa) .... 1 .11 3.56 4.28 4.58 1.87 .73 1 .23 1.50 1.71 Carthage (clover) 1 .60 1.81 3.03 3.08 2.18 .97 1 .38 1.34 1.64 Clayton (clover-alfalfa) 2 .02 3.19 3.63 3.85 2.55 1.53 1 .90 2.59 2.31 Dixon (clover) 1 .23 1.70 1.25 1.64 .78 .26 .91 .78 .91 Elizabethtown (clover-alfalfa) 1.64 2.62 .49 1.58 1.80 Enfield (lespedeza) 2.16 2.16 1 .18 1.39 1.34 Ewing (mixed) 2.68 3.33 .74 .83 2.22 Hartsburg (clover-alfalfa) .... 1 .83 3.56 3.50 3.75 Joliet (clover-alfalfa) 1 .69 2.20 2.79 2.98 1.45 1.62 1 .36 1.33 1.42 Kewanee (alfalfa) 7 SO 2.85 3.10 3.46 Lebanon (clover-alfalfa) 1.49 4.79 5.17 1.33 .67 2 .93 3.44 3.94 McNabb (clover-alfalfa) 2 23 3.49 3.45 3.31 Minonk (alfalfa) T, 25 3.99 3.71 3.59 Mt. Morris (clover) .75 1.67 2.02 1.77 Newton (redtop hay) .42 .48 .82 1.12 .32 .45 .85 ' .78 1.02 Oblong (timothy) .55 .66 1.60 1.80 .57 .59 1 .36 1.55 1.82 Oquawka (alfalfa) 1.64 1.73 1 .19 1.10 2.33 Raleigh (mixed) 2.04 2.17 .72 .93 1.37 Sparta (mixed) 2.86 2.77 Toledo (mixed) .12 1.10 2.36 2.53 .14 .10 1 .07 1.08 2.17 1940 Aledo (clover-alfalfa) ? .62 3.64 4.10 4.57 Carlinville (clover-alfalfa) .... .09 .60 4.11 4.59 1 .72 2.36 2.44 Carthage (clover) .78 2.07 2.20 1.89 .77 .30 .60 1.56 1.72 Clayton (clover-alfalfa) 1 .31 1.51 2.32 2.48 1.44 .79 1 .19 1.75 2.00 Dixon (mixed legumes) .26 .54 .89 .87 .21 .30 .63 .82 .88 Elizabethtown (clover-alfalfa) .21 1.57 2.62 .54 .89 1.02 Enfield (lespedeza) Ewing (mixed) 1.80 1.16 .65 .82 1.58 Hartsburg (clover-alfalfa) .... ? 08 3.37 3.40 3.10 Joliet (clover-alfalfa) .87 1.18 1.30 2.26 .90 .82 .78 1.81 1.97 Kewanee (clover-alfalfa) 1 93 2.29 2.52 3.14 Lebanon (clover-alfalfa) 2.10 5.00 5.41 1.13 .61 1 .38 1.76 2.09 McNabb (clover-alfalfa) 2 9? 2.85 3.07 2.91 Minonk (clover-alfalfa) 1 ?0 1.10 1.16 2.12 Mt. Morris (clover) 9 48 2.75 3.05 2.84 Newton (redtop hay) .35 .25 .10 .30 .10 .20 .15 .05 .15 Oblong (timothy) .98 1.69 1.93 2.40 .82 .98 1 .59 1.67 2.28 Oquawka (alfalfa) 1.46 1.62 1 .23 1.03 1.86 Raleigh (mixed) 1.43 1.66 .34 .49 2.00 Sparta (mixed) 1.77 2.32 Toledo (mixed) .09 .36 1.97 1.87 .26 .39 1 .35 1.49 2.40 1941 Aledo (clover-alfalfa) 4 0? 5.15 5.79 5.37 Carlinville (clover-alfalfa) .... .53 1.45 2.68 3.51 .55 1 .14 1.36 1. 42 Carlinville (clover-alfalfa seed) (1.17)b (1.92)b (2.29) b (3.08) b Carthage (alfalfa) .23 .59 1.61 2.06 .32 .38 .63 .81 1.01 Clayton (clover-alfalfa) 1 .12 1.61 1.61 1.93 .84 .23 .53 .64 .84 Dixon (alfalfa) .20 .60 1.58 1.74 .08 .37 .38 .69 Elizabethtown (clover-alfalfa) 2.24 3.15 .61 1.47 1.23 Enfield (lespedeza) .86 1.63 Ewing (mixed hay) .53 .79 .09 .09 .62 Hartsburg (clover-alfalfa) .... 1 90 2.87 2.84 2.49 Joliet (clover-alfalfa) 1 .20 1.59 1.69 1.98 1.64 .48 b . 35 b .56 b .45 b Kewanee (clover-alfalfa) 1 86 2.57 2.94 2.69 Lebanon (clover-alfalfa) 2 .97 4.68 4.94 4.82 -3.38 1.50 1 .82 2.32 2.49 McNabb (clover-alfalfa) 1 04 3.06 3.07 2.74 Minonk (clover-alfalfa) 7 61 3.35 2.64 2.38 Mt. Morris (clover) 2 .17 2.12 2.68 2.58 Newton (redtop) .50 .65 1.05 .90 .50 .35 .35 .10 .90 Oblong (timothy) .95 1.07 2.00 2.21 1.07 .95 1 .52 1.44 1.89 Oquawka (alfalfa) 1.72 1.59 1 .82 1.52 2.24 Raleigh (mixed hay) .95 1.39 ,44 .60 1.06 Sparta (mixed hay) 1.86 2.07 Toledo (mixed hay) .02 .15 .64 1.05 .02 .05 25 .30 1.70 a Crop failure. b Bushels of seed. 1945] EFFECTS OF SOIL TREATMENT ON SOIL PRODUCTIVITY 219 Table 86. HAY YIELDS, Concluded (Tons an acre) Field Manure systems Residues systems M ML MLrP R RL RLrP RLrPK 1942 Aledo (clover-alfalfa) 2.50 4.41 4 .17 4 S6 Carlinville (clover-alfalfa) .... .68 2.06 2 .37 3 .17 .88 .56 .76 1.40 1.58 Carthage (alfalfa) .84 1.30 2 .77 3 52 1.25 .29 1.04 1.21 1.38 Clayton (clover-alfalfa) 1.71 2.70 1 .16 T 09 Dixon (clover) 3.23 4.09 4 .09 3 .87 3.23 2.18 2.34 2.39 2.24 Elizabethtown (clover-alfalfa) 1 .68 1 .59 .56 .96 1.38 Enfield (mixed) 1 .46 ? 49 Ewing (mixed) 2 .70 2 48 .48 .99 2.18 Hartsburg (clover-alfalfa) .... 2.22 3.61 ^ .31 3 W Joliet (clover-alfalfa) .60 .88 .94 2 .14 .65 (0) (0) (0) (0) Kewanee (clover-alfalfa) 2.31 2.73 ? .99 } 01 Lebanon (clover-alfalfa) 2.62 2 .84 2 .72 .89 1.10 1.31 McNabb (clover-alfalfa) 3.43 3.89 4 .35 4 12 Minonk (clover-alfalfa) 2.27 3.64 ? .94 1 0? Mt. Morris (clover) 2.49 2.68 ? .46 ? 09 Newton (redtop hay) .30 .35 1 .40 1 .25 .30 .40 .90 1.35 1.30 Oblong (timothy) .95 1.20 1 .82 2 .09 1.16 1.08 1.52 1.40 1.87 Oquawka (alfalfa) .98 86 1.24 .75 1.70 Raleigh (mixed) .10 .30 2 .30 2, 73 1.07 1.33 2.00 Sparta (mixed) .15 ? .29 ? 44 Toledo (mixed) 1.15 2.23 2 .42 2. 89 1.15 .98 1.54 1.62 2.40 1943 Aledo (clover-alfalfa) .74 .81 1 .45 1 40 Carlinville (mixed) 1.25 2.33 3 .68 3 .82 1.12 1.52 2.90 3.63 4.13 Carthage (mixed hay) 1.81 2.64 3 .57 3 69 2.16 2.25 2.94 3.23 3.51 .11 .25 .75 84 Dixon (clover) .75 1.47 1 .49 1 .50 .99 .77 .96 1.01 1.36 Elizabethtown (clover-alfalfa) .54 1 .51 1 .41 1.09 2.04 2.00 o 9 41 9 62 Ewing (mixed) .89 .98 3 .25 3 .03 .89 .97 2.48 2.37 3.25 28 54 .83 60 Joliet (clover-alfalfa) .83 1.54 2 .57 2 ,30 1.38 1.07 1.06 1.97 2.02 Kewanee (clover-alfalfa) 1.47 1.72 2 .32 2, 00 Lebanon (mixed) .47 2 .50 2 .92 .19 .19 2.20 2.64 2.84 McNabb (clover-alfalfa) 2.53 2.66 ? .65 1 04 Minonk (clover-alfalfa) 1.71 2.12 1 .68 1. 81 1 25 1 50 1 57 1 42 11 16 64 44 . 11 Oblong (timothy) .82 1.16 2 .01 2. 15 .92 .97 1.43 1.34 2.48 Oquawka (alfalfa) 2 .19 2 03 1.80 1.58 2.31 Raleigh (mixed) 1 .67 2, 99 .22 .82 2.97 1 57 1 86 Toledo (mixed) .65 1.98 2 .17 2. 11 .65 .74 1.64 1.40 _' . 56 1944 Aledo (clover-alfalfa) 1.50 2.23 2 .80 3 .21 Carlinville (mixed) .72 1.86 3 .08 3 .27 .74 .91 1.86 2.19 2.31 Carthage (mixed) 1.15 2.05 3 .32 3 .37 1.51 1.65 2.21 2.05 2.52 Clayton (clover-alfalfa) .58 .73 2 .14 2 33 Dixon (clover) 1.27 1.82 2 .10 2 .24 .97 .76 i.is 1.44 1.70 Elizabethtown (clover-alfalfa) 1 .46 1 76 .34 1.27 1.58 Enfield (mixed) 1 .70 2 16 Ewing (mixed) 2 .07 2, 43 1.48 1.79 2.64 Hartsburg (clover-alfalfa) .... 1.12 2.39 3 .54 3 15 Joliet (clover-alfalfa) .48 .90 1 .29 1 35 .70 Kewanee (clover-alfalfa) .80 .90 1 .42 1 48 Lebanon (mixed) 1.61 3 .92 3 84 .69 .65 2.99 2.91 3.36 McNabb (clover-alfalfa) 2.47 2.63 2 .57 2 52 Minonk (clover-alfalfa) 1.06 2.04 2 .43 2. .60 Mt. Morris (clover) 1.21 1.54 1.99 1, 80 Newton (redtop hay) .27 .28 .54 55 .28 Ob'.ong (timothy) 1.22 1.57 2 .59 2. 82 .87 1.05 2.17 2.12 2.34 Oquawka (alfalfa) 2 .58 2. 29 1.84 1.89 2.84 Raleigh (mixed) 1 .74 2. 41 .98 1.80 2.10 Q Q j 15 1 89 Toledo (mixed) .49 .90 2 .40 2. 33 .56 .60 1.55 1.75 2.09 Bushels of seed. 220 BULLETIN No. 516 [December, Table 87. SOYBEAN YIELDS: Illinois Fields, 1936-1944 (Bushels an acre) Field Manure systems Residues systems M ML MLrP R RL RLrP RLrPK 1936 Joliet . 16 .7 21.9 24.1 26 .7 17.4 16.5 16.6 21.1 22.2 Oblong 6 .9 8.8 17.1 15 .5 4.4 4.9 10.5 8.3 14.4 Oquawka 8 .0 15.0 16.8 19 .7 8.7 11.2 10.6 7.4 13.6 Sparta 1.7 1.4 4.1 4.8 5.1 1937 Joliet . 18 .8 16.3 16.1 8 .2 17.0 18.7 18.9 10.6 4.0 Oblong 7 .7 11.4 13.7 15 .3 7.1 8.2 10.3 7.1 14.6 Oquawka 5 .7 7.2 13.7 15 .2 6.9 7.3 12.2 11.9 13.9 Sparta 1.5 1.8 7.1 8.1 9.5 1938 Joliet . . 29 .3 35.4 35.7 35 .7 33.2 35.0 34.8 35.5 32.4 Newton 7 .5 18.2 26.5 26 .6 10.3 10.5 17.2 15.0 20.9 Oblong 15 .4 25.9 35.5 39 .2 19.9 22.2 24.8 23.2 36.5 Oquawka 21 .0 20.6 20.8 21 .6 17.4 18.5 23.3 20.8 26.2 Sparta 2.8 2.8 8.8 7.0 9.8 1939 Joliet . 29 .0 32.3 32.3 30 .1 28.0 32.4 28.6 28.3 29.4 Newton 7 .5 12.3 20.5 7.4 .2 11.6 7.8 11.8 12.8 19.2 Oblong 11 .9 19.2 29.8 28 .9 10.7 12.2 11.8 9.7 20.8 Oquawka 9 ,4 11.8 13.9 13 .9 7.1 8.0 14.6 15.9 20.9 Sparta 5.6 9.1 18.9 21.9 23.8 1940 Joliet . 16 .2 18.2 19.1 19 .7 17.6 17.1 17.6 18.1 18.6 Newton 7 .3 10.4 17.6 17 .8 8.3 9.5 13.4 12.2 16.4 Oblong 8 .8 15.3 18.7 20 .8 9.0 8.1 11.0 9.3 14.5 Oquawka 7 4 12.1 19.4 20 ,9 7.9 9.2 16.5 14.7 16.8 Sparta 1.2 1.2 2.3 2.7 6.2 1941 Clayton 14 .3 16.7 18.0 15 .9 14.1 16.8 18.0 16.3 20.0 Enfield 6.6 8.7 7.5 6.6 9.6 Joliet . 20 .4 23.4 27.0 27 .4 21.5 21.0 21.4 22.5 24.7 Newton 7 .3 15.5 16.3 14 .4 7.2 9.2 11.7 9.7 15.1 Oblong 8 .1 10.0 10.8 10 .5 9.5 10.2 8.7 5.5 8.9 Oquawka 6 1 11.5 13.1 13 .3 7.4 10.2 7.9 6.7 14.1 Sparta 2.6 2.2 8.5 9.4 9.9 1942 Carlinville . 20 .7 28.2 33.3 33 .8 20.6 23.4 28.2 28.4 32.7 Carthage 19 .2 29.2 29.7 28 ,7 21.7 28.2 31.0 32.0 33.3 Clayton 22 ,5 30.7 32.5 31 23.2 24.0 25.2 22.5 24.7 Enfield 8.3 10.0 14.2 13.2 20.8 Joliet .25 7 27.5 31.2 31 7 24.5 26.2 25.0 30.3 29.7 Lebanon 3, 6 5.0 5.8 6, .3 8.3 11.5 8.2 7.6 7.4 Newton 9. 14.7 29.7 37. 7 13.5 13.8 18.7 19.5 29.0 Oblong 13. 2 19.5 29.0 37, 7 14.8 18.0 23.0 18.5 30.5 Oquawka 9 13.8 18.1 18. 4 11.0 13.2 15.5 15.2 20.0 Sparta 7.1 7.7 16.4 16.4 24.3 1943 Carlinville . 14 9 21.7 28.2 30. 5 21.6 22.2 26.7 28.2 29.3 Carthage 28, 30.0 35.5 36, 5 29.7 33.5 34.7 35.3 33.0 Clayton 22. 5 29.7 32.6 33. 25.5 26.7 31.3 31.3 34.7 Enfield 5.5 5.9 7.7 8.3 12.0 Joliet . 21. 21.7 20.9 24. 6 22.1 22.6 24.2 26.3 29.5 Lebanon 23. 3 30.0 30.3 33. 3 26.7 29.3 30.5 31.2 35.3 Newton 4. 3 8.8 14.7 14. 3 5.5 7.7 11.6 14.7 13.1 Oblong 7. 8 12.0 15.3 16. 8 5.8 6.3 10.7 11.0 17.8 Oquawka 14. 9 17.5 16.8 18. 9 12.6 11.7 17.5 16.2 20.0 Sparta .8 1.8 8.7 9.3 15.7 1944 Carlinville .20 7 29.2 29.6 28. 2 20.4 21.1 22.7 25.3 26.1 Carthage 25 3 29.7 30.7 32. 7 27.5 30.7 31.5 30.0 36.7 Clayton 26, 8 29.8 29.7 30, 3 27.6 28.7 31.7 30.0 31.7 Enfield .2 .2 1.7 1.7 3.2 Joliet ... 19. 7 22.3 23.9 22. 3 18.7 20.1 21.8 24.7 26.7 Lebanon 20. 5 30.3 29.0 34. 8 22.7 22.3 29.0 28.8 31.0 Newton 6. 7 12.3 21.3 22. 3 8.0 9.8 13.5 13.7 20.8 Oblong 17. 16.7 24.0 25. 3 16.8 16.0 18.2 21.0 28.2 Oquawka 11. 5 12.0 11.5 11. 5 9.1 11.0 10.2 9.0 10.7 Sparta 2.5 2.2 8.7 8.0 11.8 RESPONSES BY CORN AND WHEAT CONTRASTED Whereas the "maps" on the front cover show the effect of different soil treatments on contrasting soils, those on page 222 show how two different crops corn and wheat have responded to the same sys- tems of soil treatment on the same field. This field is on one of the poorer soils of Illinois. The actual yields of these two crops are summarized below, with an index to show relative yields under the various treatments. More detailed yields are reported in Table 39 A on page 167. Acre- Yields of Corn and Wheat Under Different Systems of Soil Treatment Ewing Field, Soil Group VII (see pages 114 and 115) Total Treatment system yield 1910-1944 Average yearly yields Yield 1910-1944 1941-1944 1910-1944 CORN RLrPK . bu. . 1 624 bu. 46.4 24.9 22.7 13.7 11.7 bu. 57.3 22.7 17.9 17.7 13.2 100 54 49 30 25 RLrP 872 RL 795 R 480 410 WHEAT RLrPK . . 971 30.3 36.3 100 RLrP 697 21.8 23.6 72 RL 580 18.1 20.3 60 R 147 4.6 8.4 15 127 4.0 5.4 13 Besides the differences between crops in their response to the vari- ous systems of soil treatment, there is interest in noting how the average yields for all 35 years (1910-1944) compare with those of the last four years (1941-1944). 221 Full treatment- RLrPK = 100 POTASSIUM added to Residues. Limestone, and Rock Phosphate was responsible for this share of the total corn yields LJMESTONE added to Residues ROCK PHOSPHATE added to RL= ffi v*^= produced this share = ALONE produced corn EWING CORN 20 1910 1915 1920 1925 1930 1935 1940 These graphs show how very differently corn and wheat respond to soil-treat- ment practices. Corn needs much more potassium (K). In late years applications of this element, in addition to other needed materials, have accounted for more than half the corn crop. Two lessons are clearly demonstrated: 1. The importance of knowing the needs of every crop in a rotation when plan- ning soil treatments. 2. The need to keep alert to changes in the nutrient content of a soil that is being cropped. Only by applying these two lessons will farmers get the greatest returns for their efforts and our country get the greatest good from its farm lands. 100 80 60 ;Full treatment- RLrPK= 100: I POTASSIUM addeo^to Residues, Limestone, and Rock Phosphate^ /-fo//[">|_ r p was responsible for this share; ^^&^^:/;/^-i : :^i^^ r ^=ftf&==EE: of the total wheat yields ^ ? r.<^ == ^. ^^^SS95.- S^QSPUATE i^i=)H^^!y_ ^%ift5P ^!IM^^^^^^^ RESIDUES V produced this share of the wheat yields! 1910 INDEX Alfalfa Effects on productivity, 172, 184 Response to treatment, 184, 191 Barley, response to treatment, 172, 184 Bluegrass, response to treatment, 158, 180, 187 Bromegrass, response to treatment, 187 Corn Contrasted with wheat in response to treatment systems, 167, 221-222 First-year, response to treatment, All fields First-year yields 1936-1944, 206-208 Second-year, response to treatment, 147, 148, 168, 169, 171, 174, 175, 181, 182, 183 Second-year yields 1936-1944, 209 Response to crop residues, 119 Response to potassium, 132 Response to soils and fertilizers, 136 Third-year, response to treatment, 201 Cornstalks, effects on productivity, 161 Crop residues Effects in legume associations on produc- tivity, 161 Effects on productivity, All fields Economic value of soil treatments Changes in crop yields, All fields Changes in net acre income, 137 Changes in productivity levels, 140 Changes in acres for equivalent income, 143 Experiment fields Location in state, 113 Results on individual fields, 145-204 Soil conditions, 114 Experimental procedures Comparing treatment materials, 117 Systems of soil treatment, 112 Units for recording results, 116 Green manures Alfalfa, 172, 184 Hubam clover, 147, 148, 149, 152, 167, 168, 169, 174, 175, 181, 182, 183, 185, 194, 195 Lespedeza, 167, 171, 185 Red clover, 172, 184, 200, 201 Sweet clover, Most fields Hay Alfalfa, 171, 172, 184, 191, 217, 218, 219 Alfalfa - red-clover, 147, 148, 150, 151, 152, 162, 163, 168, 169, 170, 171, 173, 174, 175, 176, 178, 179, 181, 182, 191, 217, 218, 219 Cowpeas, 196 Lespedeza, 186, 187, 204 Mixed hay (alfalfa, red clover, alsike, timothy), 164, 165, 166, 185, 188, 192, 193, 194, 195, 197, 198, 199, 202, 217, 218, 219 Red clover, 154, 155, 157, 159, 160, 172, 183, 201, 217, 218, 219 Red-clover - timothy, 163 Sweet clover, 156 Hay continued Timothy, 189, 190, 196, 217, 218, 219 Timothy-vetch, 196 Yields 1936-1944, 217-219 Legumes Vs. nonlegume residues for soil improve- ment, 161, 177 See also Green manures and Hay crops Lespedeza Effects of seed and hay production on pro- ductivity, 204 Seed, response to treatment, 186, 204 See also Green manures and Hay crops Limestone Effects on productivity, All fields Fineness of grinding, 186 How used on experiment fields, 112 Rates of application, 153, 186 Response of crops to, 136 When used with and without phosphate, 153 When used with and without legumes, 153 Response of soils to, 121, 136 Single vs. repeated applications, 202, 203, 204 Vs. burned lime, 186 Manure Effects on productivity, Most fields How used on experiment fields, 112 Residual effects, 166 Response of different soils to, 118 Mixed fertilizers Complete vs. incomplete, 153, 158, 162 Compared with super and rock phosphate, 155, 179 Effect when used as a supplement, 189, 190, 199 Effects in continuous corn culture, 161 Effects on different fertility levels, 155, 166, 170, 179, 195 Nitrogen carriers Ammonium sulfate, 153, 158, 161, 180, 181, 190 Ammonium sulfate vs. legumes, 180, 187 Calcium cyanamide, 187, 190 Legume crops, Most fields and 180, 187 Manure, Most fields Sodium nitrate, 162, 166, 177, 187, 190, 195 Soybean meal, 187 Oats Response to soils and fertilizers, 136 Spring, response to treatment, Most fields Winter, response to treatment, 163 Yields 1936-1944, 211-212 Orchard grass, response to treatment, 180, 187 Pasture grasses, response to treatment, 158, 180, 187 Phosphate, rock Compared with superphosphate, 173, 175, 176 223 Phosphate, rock continued Effect of fineness of grind, 125, 148, 149, 155, 167, 169, 173, 175, 179, 193, 198 Rates of application, 148, 155, 160, 167, 169, 173, 175, 179, 189, 193, 198 Phosphorus Effects on different soils, 124 Effects on productivity, All fields How limestone affects response to, 125, 130, 148. 149, 160, 169, 170, 175, 193, 198, 199 How lime-legume system affects response to, 128 How potash deficiencies affect response to, 130 How used on experiment fields, 113 Responses to on soils of different fertility levels, 155, 179 Phosphorus carriers Bone phosphate, 149, 150, 151, 173, 175, 189 Calcined phosphate, 176 Calcium glycerophosphate, 176 Calcium metaphosphate, 176 Dicalcium phosphate, 176, 189 Fused phosphate, 176 Monoammonium phosphate, 176 Monocalcium phosphate, 176 Monomagnesium phosphate, 176 Monosodium phosphate, 176 Rock phosphate, Most fields Slag phosphate, 149 Superphosphate, 149, 150, 151, 153, 158, 160, 162, 170, 173, 175, 176, 180, 189, 193, 198 Sodium glycerophosphate, 176 Treble superphosphate, 153, 173, 175 Tricalcium phosphate, 176 Potassium Effects on different fertility levels, 166, 199 Effects on different soils, 132 Effects without phosphate, 166, 199, 203 Effects on productivity, Most fields Effects on sweet-clover hay production, 156 How used on experiment fields, 113 Interrelationships with phosphates, 133 Residual effects of, 166 Response of crops to, 136 Potassium carriers Kainit, Most fields in early years Muriate, Most fields in recent years Sulfate, 150, 151 Straws, 166. 199, 200 Previous publications, 205 Red clover Effects in residues system, 120 Effects on productivity, 184 See also Green manures and Hay crops Redtop Response of hay to treatment, 180 Response of seed to treatment, 185, 186 Rotations Alfalfa vs. red clover, 172, 184 Corn, soybeans, wheat (sweet clover) vs. corn, soybeans, soybeans, 190 Corn vs. corn, oats vs. corn, oats, clover, 200 Comparative yields of corn in: corn, oats, clover, wheat (clover) ; corn, corn, oats, clover; corn, corn, corn, soybeans, 201 Comparative yields of crops in: corn, wheat, sweet clover, wheat (sweet clover); corn, wheat, sweet clover; corn, wheat (sweet clover), 203 Wheat, lespedeza, 204 Rye, response to treatment, 191 Systems of farming (livestock and grain), 137, 138 Systems of soil treatment Discussion of effects, 106-107, 136-145 Outline of, 112 Tables showing results field by field, 145- 204 Tables summarizing yields by crops, 1936- 1944, 205-220 Soil experiment fields, nature of soils on, 114 Soil horizons, experiments to determine nu- trient-supplying powers of, 162 Soil productivity Untreated soils, 115 Treated vs. untreated soils, 137-146 Soybeans, response to treatment, 171, 177, 184, 185, 186, 188, 189, 190, 191, 194, 195, 200, 202 Yields 1936-1944, 220 Straw Effect on productivity, 161, 166, 177 Effects in legume associations, 161 Sulfur (gypsum), effects on productivity, 160, 169, 172, 193, 198, 199 Sweet clover As fall hay crop, effect on productivity, 156 As green manure, Most fields As green manure vs. second-year effects, 203 Effects of handling methods on produc- tivity, 177 Effects when associated with nonlegume residues, 161 Timothy Effects on productivity, 184 Response to treatment, 187, 188, 189, 190, 196 Vetch, 196 Wheat After corn vs. legumes, 202 Contrasted with corn in response to treat- ment systems, 167, 221-222 Response to soils and fertilizers, 136 Response to treatment, Most fields Yields 1936-1944, 213-216 224 10,10012-4530080 UNIVERSITY OF ILLINOIS-URBANA