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Graffis CIRCULAR 1046 UNIVERSITY OF ILLINOIS AT URBANA-CHAMPAIGN COLLEGE OF AGRICULTURE COOPERATIVE EXTENSION SERVICE In 1971, soybean yields in Illinois are estimated to be 33.5 bushels per acre. This is 2.5 bushels higher than in 1970. A total production of 241 million bushels is anticipated. This is about 13 percent above the 1970 total. High-profit soybean production begins with the selection of the best variety, brand, or blend of varieties available. This selection must have a high yield potential as well as good standability, proper maturity, and ease of combining. This circular can help you select the best variety, brand, or blend because it includes measurements of yield per acre, maturity, and lodging. This information can serve as a starting point. Choose several entries that seem to best fit your needs. Plant them side by side, pref- erably in strips, next to your present variety. Then see how they com- pare. Look at standability, disease resistance, maturity, and yield. Each factor can affect your profits. The best variety for you is the one that produces the highest yield on your field. URBANA Location of 1971 test fields. PERFORMANCE OF COMMERCIAL SOYBEANS 1971 3 PLAN OF THE TESTS Selection of entries. For 1971, soybean producers in Illinois and surrounding states were invited to enter varieties, brands, or blends in the Illinois soybean performance trials. To finance the testing program, a fee of 30 dollars was charged for each entry entered by the seed producer. Most of these varieties, brands, or blends are commercially available, but producers also entered experimental varieties. Entries. A total of 76 entries were tested in 1971. These are listed in Tables 1, 2, and 3. Number and location of tests. Three separate tests were con- ducted in Illinois in 1971. These sites represent major soils and maturity zones of the state. Field-plot design. The tests were set up in a randomized com- plete block design with four replications. There were three rows per plot in each test. The middle row of each plot was harvested to measure yield. Each plot was 30 feet long. Fertility and weed control. All test locations were at a high level of fertility. Shown below are results of Pi and K soil tests and applied fertilizer treatments for 1971. Applied PtOs Applied K2O pH Pi test K test (lb. /acre) (lb. /acre) DeKalb 6.7 55 300+ 120 120 Urbana 7.1 45 288 226 226 Brownstown 7.2 70 339 60 80 A herbicide was used at all test locations to control weeds. Method of planting and harvest. All plots were hand-planted and harvested to insure maximum precision. However, no allowances were made for beans that may have been lost in harvest. MEASURING PERFORMANCE Yield. Soybean yield (see Tables 1, 2, and 3) was measured in bushels (60 pounds) per acre at a moisture content of 12 percent. An electronic moisture tester was used for all moisture readings. Lodging. The amount of lodging was rated shortly before harvest. The following scores were used to compare entries: 1. Almost all plants erect. 2. All plants leaning slightly or a few plants down. 4 CIRCULAR NO. 1046 3. All plants leaning moderately (45°), or 25 to 50 percent of the plants down. 4. All plants leaning considerably, or 50 to 80 percent of the plants down. 5. Almost all plants down. Maturity. Maturity was stated as the date when approximately 95 percent of the pods were ripe. Height. Height was measured at or shortly before harvest time. It is the average length of plants from the ground to the tip of the main stem. Comparing entries. In any test of plant material, it is impossible to measure performance exactly. Samples may vary, soils may not be uniform, and many other conditions may produce variability. Results of repeated tests are more reliable than those of a single year or a single strip test. When one variety consistently outyields another at several test locations and over several years of testing, the chances are good that this difference is real and should be considered in selecting a variety. However, yield is not the only indicator. You should also consider maturity and lodging. As an aid in comparing soybean varieties, brands, and blends, cer- tain statistical tests have been devised. One test is Bayes L.S.D. When two entries in a trial are compared, and the difference between them is greater than the tabulated L.S.D. value, the entries are said to be "significantly different." GROWING CONDITIONS ON 1971 TEST FIELDS DeKalb. The DeKalb test was located on the University's Northern Illinois Research Center near Shabbona in DeKalb County. Richard Bell is the field manager and Derreld L. Mulvaney is the area agronomist in charge of research at the center. The soil type is Flanagan silt loam, a dark brown adequately drained soil of high fertility. The area was in corn in 1970. The 1971 growing conditions were about normal except for an unusually dry spring. Planting and harvesting were done on May 21 and October 18 respectively. Urbana. This test was located on the Agronomy South Farm of the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign in Champaign County. M. G. Oldham is the farm manager. The field on which the test plots were grown was a level heavy-textured Drummer silty clay loam. This PERFORMANCE OF COMMERCIAL SOYBEANS 1971 5 area was in soybeans in 1970. Growing conditions were about normal except for an unusually dry spring. Planting was done on May 20. Harvesting was done on three separate dates, depending on the entries' maturity. These dates were September 15, September 24, and October 4. Brownstown. This test was located on the University's Browns- town Research Center in Fayette County. A. T. Christiansen is the farm manager. The test plots were located on a Cisne silt loam, a poorly drained, gray prairie soil with a well-developed claypan. Natural fer- tility of this soil is not high, but good fertilization practices and crop rotations have brought the yield potential of the field up to a moderately high level. Growing conditions were abnormal in 1971. There was ade- quate rainfall in early spring but an extensive drouth prevailed during the summer. Planting and harvesting were done on May 27 and Sep- tember 13 repectively. SOURCES OF SEED Bellatti Soybeans Louis Bellatti Mt. Pulaski F.F.R. Soybeans Farmers Forage Research Coop Lafayette, Ind. F-37-M Funk Bros. Seed Co Bloomington I.V.R. Soybeans Improved Variety Research, Inc Adel, Iowa Marshall Improved Variety Research, Inc Adel, Iowa McKoy Donald McKenzie Malta Certisoy Soybeans Moews Seed Co Granville Morton Brand Soybeans Roy A. Morton and Sons, Inc Bowen Peterson Soybeans Peterson Seed Co Waterloo, Iowa Seedmaker Soybeans Seed Makers, Inc Princeville S.R.F. Soybeans Soybean Research Foundation, Inc.. . .Mason City Super Soy Soybeans Stewart Hybrids, Inc Princeville XK Soybeans L. Teweles Seed Co Clinton, Wise. CIRCULAR NO. 1046 Table 1. — DeKalb (Planted in 30-inch rows) Entry Total acre yield (bu.) Matu- rity Lodg- ing score 2 -year averages (1970-1971) Height (in.) Total acre yield (bu.) Lodg- ing score Height (in.) Peterson 2100 Brand 51.6 Super Soy 440 51.6 Certisoy 21 51.3 Wayne 51.1 Bellatti 4PA Exp 50.8 Beeson 50.3 Bellatti Exp. 26 50.1 Peterson 105 R 50.1 S.R.F. 307 50.1 Super Soy 420 50.1 Marshall 49.6 XK-535 49.4 I.V.R. 2119 49.1 Corsoy 48.9 Amsoy 71 47.4 McKoy 46.7 Seedmaker Exp. 1 6485 .... 46.7 Hark 45.7 XK-155 45.7 Bellatti Exp. 22 45.2 F.F.R. 955078 45.2 Super Soy 400 45 . I.V.R. 2818 44.8 XK-505 44.5 S.R.F. 150 44.0 Bellatti 10 Exp 43.3 Seedmaker Exp. 1 6488 .... 42.8 Bellatti B 19 Exp 42.6 Bellatti X 9 Exp 42 . 6 Av. of all entries 47.5 Av. of 2-year entries L.S.D 2.9 L.S.D. for 2-year entries .... C.V 4.7 Sept. 26 Oct. 5 Oct. 5 Oct. 8 Oct. 10 Oct. 3 Oct. 8 Sept. 28 Oct. 9 Oct. 6 Oct. 4 Oct. 6 Sept. 22 Sept. 24 Sept. 29 Oct. 2 Sept. 17 Sept. 16 Oct. 5 Sept. 29 Sept. 29 Oct. 5 Oct. 2 Sept. 27 Sept. 12 Sept. 26 1.5 1.0 1.0 2.0 4.0 1.0 2.0 2.0 2.2 1.5 2.2 1.8 1.5 2.2 2.2 1.2 1.5 1.0 2.8 2.2 1.5 1.2 1.0 1.0 1.0 2.5 2.0 3.0 2.8 1.8 40.0 39.2 39.2 42.5 41.0 39.5 39.5 40.0 45.5 43.0 37.5 40.5 39.0 41.5 43.0 41.0 36.0 35.5 42.0 41.5 42.0 42.0 37.5 41.5 33.5 50.0 40.0 50.5 45.5 41.0 1.9 51 50 .so 50 44 43 48 4 2 5 2 2 3 3 6 3 5 39 5 39 2 37 5 40 35 8 40 1* ber 11. a Frosted before maturity. Killing frost date in 1971 at the DeKalb test field was Octo PERFORMANCE OF COMMERCIAL SOYBEANS 1971 Table 2. — Urbana (Planted in 30-inch rows) Entry Total acre yield (bu.) Matu- Lodg " Height rity ing (in.) score 2-year averages (1970-1971) Total acre yield (bu.) Lodg- ing score Height (in.) Peterson 125 54.0 Sept. 29 3.0 XK-505 53.0 Sept. 11 3.0 Cutler 50.1 Sept. 29 2.2 Morton Brand 333B 49.6 Sept. 10 3.2 Certisoy39 48.9 Sept. 23 3.0 I.V.R. 2818 48.9 Sept. 12 2.8 Amsoy 71 48.1 Sept. 10 3.2 Corsoy 47.9 Sept. 5 3.8 Wayne 47.9 Sept. 22 2.8 XK-585 47.2 Sept. 20 3.2 S.R.F. 307 47.0 Sept. 23 4.0 XK-590 47.0 Sept. 15 3.8 Morton Brand 333 46.7 Sept. 7 3.5 S.R.F. 150 46.0 Sept. 6 2.0 Peterson 120 CR 45.7 Sept. 22 3.2 S.R.F. 450 45.7 Sept. 30 1.8 F-37-M 45.5 Sept. 12 3.0 I.V.R. 2119 45.5 Sept. 10 2.2 Peterson 105 R 45.0 Sept. 6 3.5 Super Soy 540 45.0 Sept. 22 3.0 Seedmaker I-E 44.8 Sept. 19 2.5 S.R.F. 400 44.8 Sept. 29 4.0 Marshall 44.5 Sept. 15 3.5 XK-565 44.5 Sept. 21 4.8 F.F.R. 955342 44.3 Sept. 15 3.8 Bellatti Exp. 22 42.8 Sept. 9 3.5 Bellatti Exp. 26 40.7 Sept. 18 4.2 Seedmaker Exp. 26339... . 39.4 Sept. 12 3.2 Bellatti L263A Exp 38.7 Sept. 29 3.0 XK-535 36.8 Sept. 13 3.8 Bellatti Sc. 7 Exp 32.9 Oct. 2 3.8 Av. of all entries 45.4 3.2 Av. of 2-year entries L.S.D 4.1 7 L.S.D. for 2-year entries C.V 6.8 44.5 43.5 47.5 46.0 44.5 42.0 45.0 40.5 45.0 45.5 48.0 41.5 42.0 40.0 43.5 46.5 43.5 42.5 44.8 47.0 48.5 48.0 43.5 41.5 45.5 44.0 42.0 42.5 47.0 44.0 50.5 44.7 2.3 45 40. 38. 45 .5 2 9 38 .9 2 4 42 .4 2 8 41 .7 3 9 40 .2 2 9 43 .2 3 42 .3 4 1 CIRCULAR NO. 1046 Table 3. — Brownstown (Planted in 30-inch rows) Entry Total acre yield (bu.) 2-year averages (1970-1971) Matu- Lodg " Height Z, . . ing ,. & x lotal T nty ^ (in.) o „„ o Lodg- acre yield (bu.) ing score Height (in.) Amsoy 71 30.2 Aug. 24 1.0 37.5 Seedmaker I-E 29.0 Sept. 6 1.0 38.0 S.R.F. 307 27.3 Sept. 5 1.0 37.5 Beeson 26.4 Aug. 20 1.0 33.5 19.1 S.R.F. 450 26.4 Sept. 12 1.0 34.8 Wayne 26.1 Sept. 6 1.0 36.8 19.3 Seedmaker Exp. 46811... . 24.9 Sept. 1 1.0 37.0 Calland 24.7 Sept. 6 1.0 37.0 21.0 S.R.F. 400 23.7 Sept. 7 1.0 36.0 Bellatti L263 21.8 Sept. 10 1.0 34.5 16.8 Cutler 21.3 Sept. 12 1.0 36.0 18.1 Bellatti Sc. 7 Exp 21.0 Sept. 13 1.0 39.5 Morton Brand 444 20.8 Sept. 9 1.0 37.0 17.4 Seedmaker Exp. 46483 ... . 20.8 Sept. 13 1.0 45.5 Bellatti L263A Exp 17.9 Sept. 12 1.0 33.5 14.7 Av. of all entries 24.2 1.0 36.9 Av. of 2-year entries 18.0 L.S.D 1.8 N.S. 2.0 .... L.S.D. for 2-year entries 1.4 C.V 6.0 .0 31.0 .0 33.1 .0 33.8 .0 30.8 .0 32.0 .0 33.5 .0 30.2 .0 32.0 I.S. 1.4 This circular was prepared by J. E. Dillon, Associate Agronomist, G. L. Ross, Assistant Agronomist, and D. W. Grams, Professor of Forage Crops Extension. Urbana, Illinois December, 1971 Issued in furtherance of Cooperative Extension Work, Acts of May 8 and June 30, 1914, in cooperation with the U.S. Department of Agriculture. JOHN B. CLAAR, Director, Cooperative Extension Service, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign. (12M—12-71— 19983) *,&■ -