PATRONS OF HUSBANDRY Washington State Grange Recorder Press, Olympia, Wash. 1909 Officers of the National Grange 1909-1910 Master ... ...N. J. Bachelder, Concord, N. H. Overseer. ... . .T. C. Atkeson, Morgantown, West Va. Lecturer . , . Geo. W. F. Gaunt, Mullica, Hill, N. J. Steward..... . .J. a. Newcomb, Golden, Col. Asst. Steward. - . .C. D. Richardson, Westbrook, Mass. Chaplain.. . . C. S. Wood, Ellington, Conn. Treasurer. . . . . . .Mrs. Eva S. McDowell, Rome, N. Y. Secretary C. M. Freeman, Tippecanoe City, Ohio Gate Keeper. A. C. Rowers, Beloit, Wis. Ceres. .Mrs. Elizabeth H. Patterson, College Park, Md. Pomona. . . . . .Mrs. Sarah G. Baird, Minneapolis, Minn. Flora. . . . ► ... .Mrs. Ida Judson, Balfour, Iowa L. A. Steward . . Mrs. Joanna M. Walker, Marshall L. A. Steward ..Mrs. Joanna M. Walker, Marshalltown, Delaware Executive Committee F. N. Godfrey/Chairman Olean, N. Y. C. J. Bell, Secretary East Hardwick, Vt. C. O, Raine Canton, Mo. N. J. Bachelder. Concord, N. H. High Priest Geo. B. Horton, Fruit Ridge, Mich. Priest Archon N. J. Bachelder, Concord, N. H. Priest Annalist. .F. E. Marchant, West Kingston, R. I. Pat rons of H usbandry Constitution and By-laws of National Grange Constitution and By-laws of State Grange Suggested By-laws of Subordinate and Pomona Granges Declaration of Purposes Parliamentary Rules and Constitution and By-laws of Washington Fire Relief Association Washington State Grange 1909 OFFICERS OF THE WASHINGTON STATE GRANGE. Until June, 1911 Title. Name. Address. arange. Master C. B. Kegley Palouse Ewartsville Overseer Sam T. Shell Goldendale. . .Pleasant Valley Lecturer Ernest M. Smith. . Blaine Harmony Steward Lewis Extine Winlock Ethel Asst.StewardF. W. Munz Ellensburg. . .Ellensburg Chaplain Mrs. Bessie Cline. . Lynden Lynden Treasurer E. Hazelton Monroe Monroe Secretary Fred. W. Lewis Tumwater... Brighton Park Gate Keeper. Louis Griel Alpha Alpha Ceres Mary Myer Alpha Alpha Pomona Francis M. Calkins. Thorp Thorp Flora Ina Carpenter Carrollton Rose Valley Lady Asst. Steward Anna L. Leonard... Castle Rock. .Sunnyside Executive Committee. C. B. Kegley, Chairman, Palouse. Fred. W. Lewis, Secretary, Tumwater. J. C. Farr, Albion, 1910. J. O. Wing, Washougal, 1911. H. M. Beach, 1912. Legislative Committee. C. B. Kegley, Master, Palouse. H. D. Jory, Sunnyside. Geo. Hingston, Mead. Co-operative Committee. R. R. McClure, Grandview. R. Lampshire, Touchet. E. L. White, Clayton. Good Roads Committee. W. H. Kaufman, Bellingham. Frank Terrace, Orillia. R. R. McClure, Grandview. \v^\ The National Grange DECLARATION OF PURPOSES OF THE NATIONAL GRANGE PREAMBLE. Profoundly impressed with the truth that the National Grange of the United States should defi- nitely proclaim to the world its general objects, we hereby unanimously make this Declaration of Pur- poses of the Patrons of Husbandry: GENERAL OBJECTS. T 1. United by the strong and faithful tie of Agri- culture, we mutually resolve to labor for the good of our Order, our country, and mankind. 2. We heartily endorse the motto: “In essentials, unity; in non-essentials, liberty; in all things, char- ity.” 3. We shall endeavor to advance our cause by laboring to accomplish the following objects: To develop a better and higher manhood and womanhood among ourselves. To enhance the com forts and attractions of our homes, and strengthen our attachments to our pursuits. To foster mutual understanding and co-operation. To maintain, invi- olate, our laws, and to emulate each other in labor, to hasten the good time coming. To reduce our ex- penses, both individual and corporate. To buy less and produce more, in order to make our farm self- 4 THE NATIONAL GRANGE sustaining. To diversify our crops, and crop no more than we can cultivate. To condense the weight of our exports, selling less in the bushel and more on hoof and in fleece; less in lint, and more in warp and woof. To systematize our work, and cal- culate intelligently on probabilities. To discounte- nance the credit system, the mortgage system, the fashion system, and every other system tending to prodigality and bankruptcy. We propose meeting together, talking together, working together, buying together, selling together, and, in general, acting together for our mutual pro- tection and advancement, as occasion may require. We shall avoid litigation as much as possible by arbitration in the Grange. We shall constantly strive to secure entire harmony, good will, vital Brotherhood among ourselves, and to make our Order perpetual. We shall earnestly endeavor to suppress personal, local, sectional and national preju- dices, all unhealthy rivalry, all selfish ambitions. Faithful adherence to these principles will insure our mental, moral, social and material advancement. BUSINESS RELATIONS. 4. For our business interests, we desire to bring producers and consumers, farmers and manufac- turers, into the most direct and friendly relations possible. Hence, we must dispense with a surplus of middle men, not that we are unfriendly to them, but we do not need them. Their surplus and their exactions diminish our profits. We wage no -aggressive warfare against any other interests whatever. On the contrary, all our acts DECLARATION OF PURPOSES 5 and all our efforts, so far as business is concerned, are not only for the benefit of the producer and consumer, but also for all other interests that tend to bring these two parties into speedy and economi- cal contact. Hence, we hold that transportation companies of every kind are necessary to our suc- cess, that their interests are intimately connected with our interests, and harmonious action is mutu- ally advantageous, keeping in view the first sentence of our Declaration of Principles of action, that “Individual happiness depends upon general pros- perity.” We shall, therefore, advocate for every state the increase in every practical way, of all facilities for transporting cheaply to the seaboard, or between home producers and consumers, all the productions of our country. We adopt it as our fixed purpose to “open out channels in nature’s great arteries, that the life blood of commerce may flow freely.” We are not enemies of railroads, navigable and irrigating canals, nor any corporation that will ad- vance our industrial interests, nor of any laboring classes. In our noble Order there is no communism, no agrarianism. We are opposed to such spirit and management of any corporation or enterprise as tends to oppress the people and rob them of their just profits. We are not enemies to capital, but we oppose tyranny of monopolies. We long to see the antagonism between labor and capital removed by common consent, and by an enlightened statesmanship worthy of the nine- teenth century. We are opposed to excessive sal- 6 DECLARATION OF PURPOSES aries, high rates of interest, and exorbitant per cent, profits in trade. They greatly increase our burdens, and do not bear a proper proportion to the profits of producers. We desire only self-protection, and the protection of every true interest of our land, by legitimate transactions, legitimate trade, legitimate profits. EDUCATION. We shall advance the cause of education among ourselves, and for our children, by all just means within our power. We especially advocate for our agricultural and industrial colleges that practical agriculture, domestic science, and all the arts which adorn the home, be taught in their courses of study. THE GRANGE NOT PARTISAN. 5. We emphatically and sincerely assert the oft- repeated truth taught in our organic law, that the Grange — National, State or Subordinate — is not a political or party organization. No Grange, if true to its obligations, can discuss partisan or sectarian questions, nor call political conventions, nor nomi- nate candidates, nor even discuss their merits in its meetings. Yet the principles we teach underlie all true poli tics, all true statesmanship, and, if properly carried out, will tend to purify the whole political atmos- phere of our country. For we seek the greatest good to the greatest number. We must always bear in mind that no one, by becoming a Patron of Husbandry, gives up that inalienable right and duty which belongs to every American citizen, to take a proper interest in the politics of his country. THE NATIONAL GRANGE 7 On the contrary, it is right for every member to do all in his power legitimately to influence for good the action of any political party to which he belongs. It is his duty to do all in his own party to put down bribery, corruption, and trickery; to see that none but competent, faithful, and honest men, who will unflinchingly stand by our interests, are nominated for all positions of trust; and to have carried out the principle which should always characterize every Patron, that The Office Should Seek the Man, and Not the Man the Office. We acknowledge the broad principle that differ- ence of opinion is no crime, and hold that “progress toward truth is made by difference of opinion,” while, “the fault lies in bitterness of controversy.” We desire a proper equality, equity, and fairness; protection for the weak, restraint upon the strong, in short, justly distributed burdens and justly dis- tributed power. These are American ideas, the very essence of American independence, and to advocate to the contrary is unworthy of the sons and daugh- ters of the American Republic. We cherish the belief that sectionalism is, and of a right should be, dead and buried with the past. Our work is for the present and future. In our agricultural brotherhood and its purposes, we shall recognize no North, no South, no East, no West. It is reserved by every Patron, as the right of a freeman, to affiliate with any party that will best carry out his principles. 8 DECLARATION OP PURPOSES OUTSIDE CO-OPERATION. 6. Our being peculiarly a farmer’s institution, we cannot admit all to our ranks. Many are excluded by the nature of our organi- zation, not because they are professional men, or artisans, or laborers, but because they have not a sufficient direct interest in tilling the soil, or may have some interest in conflict with our purposes. But we appeal to all good citizens for their cordial co-operation to assist in our efforts toward reform, that we may eventually remove from our midst the Inst vestige of tyranny and corruption. We hail the general desire for fraternal harmony, equitable compromises and earnest co-operation, as an omen of our future success. CONCLUSION. 7. It shall be an abiding principle with us to relieve any of our oppressed and suffering brother- hood by any means at our command. Last, but not least, we proclaim it among our purposes to inculcate a proper appreciation of the abilities and sphere of woman, as is indicated by ad- mitting her to membership and position in our Order. Imploring the continued assistance of our Divine Master to guide us in our work, we here pledge our- selves to faithful and harmonious labor for all future time, to return by our united efforts to the wisdom, justice, fraternity, and political purity of our fore- fathers. THE NATIONAL GRANGE 9 CONSTITUTION ARTICLE I— ORGANIZATION. Subordinate Granges. First Degree — Laborer (man), Maid (woman). Second Degree — Cultivator (man), Shepherdess (woman). Third Degree — Harvester (man), Gleaner (wo- man). Fourth Degree — Husbandman (man), Matron (wo- man). District and County Granges. Fifth Degree — There may be established District or County Granges in the fifth degree, composed of Masters and Past Masters of Subordinate Granges, and their wives or husbands who are fourth degree members, and such fourth degree members as may be recommended by the Subordinate Granges as qualified and worthy candidates for membership in ine District or County Grange. Such District or County Granges shall have charge of the education and business interests of the Order in their respec- tive districts; and shall encourage, strengthen, and aid the Subordinate Granges represented therein. Dispensations for such District or County Granges shall issue from the State Grange, and under such regulations as the State Grange may adopt. State Grange. Section 1 . Fifth Degree — Pomona (Faith). Com- posed of the Masters and Past Masters of Subordi- nate Granges, and their wives or husbands who are 10 CONSTITUTION fourth degree members in good standing, provided that Fast Masters and their wives or husbands, who are fourth degree members in good standing, shall be honorary members, eligible to office, but not en titled to vote; and provided, that when the number of Subordinate Granges in any State becomes so great as to render it necessary, the State Grange may, in such manner as it may determine, reduce its representatives by providing for the election of a certain proportion of those entitled to membership in the State Grange from each county; and fourth degree members in good standing shall be eligible as representatives, and the members so chosen shall constitute the voting members of the State Grange. Sec. 2. The wives or husbands of the delegates elected to the State Grange, as provided for in the preceding section, if fourth degree members in good standing, shall be voting members of that body. Sec. 3. Where a State has not reduced its rep- resentation, any Subordinate Grange shall have the right to elect a Past Master or fourth degree mem- ber in good standing as its Representative in the State Grange, when the Master or his wife or her husband is unable to attend. Sec. 4. County or Pomona Granges may be repre- sented in State Granges under such regulations as the State Grange may provide. Sec. 5. Sixth Degree — The State Granges shall have authority to confer the Degree of Flora on all members of the Order in good standing, in their re- spective State, who have taken the Degree of Po- mona, in like manner and form as the same is now conferred by the National Grange, and each person THE NATIONAL GRANGE 11 receiving the degree shall be entitled to a certificate of membership in the sixth degree from the National Grange and duly attested under its seal. Sec. 6. The initiation fee for the sixth degree, when conferred by a State Grange, shall be one dollar for each person — one-half to be retained by the State Grange and one-half to be paid to the National Grange. National Grange- Sixth Degree — Flora (Hope). Composed of Mas- ters and Past Masters of the State Granges and their wives or husbands, if fourth degree members in good standing, who have taken the degree of Pomona, and the officers and members of the Executive Com- mittee of the National Grange. Provided that only those members of the National Grange who are members of State Granges, and their wives or hus- bands, if fourth degree members in good standing, shall be entitled to vote therein; and, provided fur- ther, that Past Masters and their wives or husbands, if fourth degree members in good standing, who have taken the Degree of Pomona, and all former members of the National Grange, shall be honorary members of the National Grange, and are eligible to offices therein, but shall not be entitled to vote. Seventh Degree— Ceres (Charity). Members of the Order who have received the sixth degree may become members of this degree in the National Grange upon application and election and the pay- ment of one dollar. It has charge of the secret work of the Order, and shall be a court of impeachment of all officers of the National Grange. Members of this degree are honorary members of the National 12 CONSTITUTION Grange, and are eligible to offices therein, but not entitled to vote. ARTICLE SI— OFFICERS. Section 1. The officers of a Grange, either Na- tional, State, District, or Subordinate, consist of and rank as follows: Master, Overseer, Lecturer, Stew- ard, Assistant Steward, Chaplain, Treasurer, Secre- tary, Gate Keeper, Ceres, Pomona, Flora, and Lady Assistant Steward. It is their duty to see that the laws of the Order are carried out. Sec. 2. How Chosen — In the Subordinate Granges they shall be chosen annually at the regular meeting in December, and installed at the regular meeting in January, or as soon thereafter as practicable; in the District Grange, annually, at such time as each District Grange may determine; in the State Grange, once in two years, and in the National Grange once in tw^o years. All elections to be by ballot. Any fourth degree member, in good standing, shall be eligible to office, or to receive the degrees, in the County, District, State, or National Grange, within whose jurisdiction such member may reside. Vacan- cies by death or resignation to be filled at a special election at the next regular meeting thereof — officers so chosen to serve until the annual meeting. Sec. 3. The Master of the National Grange may appoint members of the Order as deputies, to organ ize Granges where no State Grange exists. Sec. 4. There shall be an Executive Committee of the National Grange, consisting of three members, whose term of office shall be two years. The Master of the National Grange shall be, ex-officio, a mem- ber of the Executive Committee. THE NATIONAL GRANGE 13 Sec. 5. The officers of the respective Granges shall be addressed as “worthy.” ARTICLE III — MEETINGS. Section 1. Subordinate Granges shall meet at least once each month, any may hold intermediate meetings. Sec. 2. State Granges shall meet annually at such time and place as the Grange shall from year to year determine. Sec. 3. The National Grange shall meet annually on the first Wednesday after the second Monday in November, at such place as the Grange may from year to year determine. Should the National Grange adjourn without selecting the place of meeting, the executive Committee shall appoint the place and notify the Secretary of the National Grange and Masters of State Granges at least thirty days before the day appointed. ARTICLE IV— LAWS. The National Grange, at its annual session, may frame, amend, or repeal such laws as the good of the Order may require. All laws of State and Subordi- nate Granges must conform to this Constitution and the laws adopted by the National Grange. ARTICLE V— RITUAL. The Ritual adopted by the National Grange shall be used in all Subordinate Granges; and any desired alteration in the same must be submitted to and re- ceive the sanction of the National Grange. 14 CONSTITUTION ARTICLE VI — MEMBERSHIP. Any person engaged in agricultural pursuits, and having no interest in conflict with our purposes, of the age of fourteen years, duly proposed, elected and complying with the rules and regulations of the Order, is entitled to membership and the benefit of the degrees taken. Every application must be ac- companied by the fee of membership. If rejected, the money will be refunded, and no petition shall be received from a rejected applicant until six months shall have elapsed after such rejection. Applica- tions must be certified by two members, and balloted for at a subsequent meeting. It shall require three negative votes to reject an applicant. ARTICLE VII— FEES FOR MEMBERSHIP. Section 1. The minimum fee for membership in a Subordinate Grange shall be, for men, three dollars, and for women, one dollar for the four degrees. Provided: That State Granges shall have power to reduce the fee within their respective jurisdictions to any sum not less than one dollar for men and fifty cents for women. ARTICLE VIII— DUES. Section 1. The minimum of regular monthly dues shall be ten cents from each member, and each Grange may otherwise regulate its own dues. Sec. 2. The Secretary of each Subordinate Grange shall report quarterly to the Secretary of his State Grange the number of persons initiated since his last report, and also the number who, by death, ex- pulsion, removal, or otherwise, have ceased to be members within the same time; and shall pay to the THE NATIONAL GRANGE 15 Secretary of the State Grange such an amount of dues on each member, and fees for each person initi- ated during the quarter, as the State Grange may determine. Sec. 3. The Secretary of the State Grange shall pay to the Treasurer of the State Grange all moneys coming into his hands, at least once every thirty days, taking his receipt therefor; and shall report quarterly, to the Secretary of the National Grange, the membership in the State. Sec. 4. The Treasurer of each State Grange shall deposit to the credit of the National Grange of Patrons of Husbandry, with some Banking or Trust Company (to be selected by the Executive Com- mittee), in quarterly installments, the annual due of five cents for each member in his State, and forward the receipts for the same to the Treasurer of the National Grange. Sec. 5. All moneys deposited with said company shall be paid out only upon the drafts of the Treas- urer, approved by the Master, and countersigned by the Secretary. Sec. 6. No State Grange shall be entitled to repre- sentation in the National Grange whose dues are unpaid for more than one quarter. ARTICLE IX— CHARTERS AND DISPENSATIONS. Section 1. All Charters and Dispensations issue directly from the National Grange. Sec. 2. Nine men and four women, having re- ceived the four Subordinate Degrees, may receive a dispensation to organize a Subordinate Grange. Sec. 3. Applications for Dispensations shall be 16 CONSTITUTION made to the Secretary of the National Grange, and be signed by the persons applying for the same and be accompanied by a fee of fifteen dollars. Sec. 4. Charter members are those persons only whose names are upon the application, and whose fees were paid at the time of organization. Their number shall not be less than nine men and four women. Sec. 5. Fifteen Subordinate Granges working in a State can apply for authority to organize a State Grange. Sec. 6. Where State Granges are organized, Dis- pensations for the organization of the Subordinate Granges, heretofore issued, shall be replaced by Charters from the National Grange without further fee; and thereafter all applications for Charters for Subordinate Granges shall pass through the office of the Master of the State Grange, and must be approved by him before they are issued by the National Grange. When so issued, the Charter shall pass through the office of the Secretary of the State Grange and receive the signature and official seal of that office. Sec. 7. No Grange shall confer more than two degrees on the same person at the same meeting. ARTICLE X— DUTIES OF OFFICERS. The duties of the officers of the National, State, and Subordinate Granges shall be prescribed by the laws of the same. ARTICLE XI— TREASURERS. Section 1. The Treasurers of the National, State, and Subordinate Granges shall give bond, to be THE NATIONAL GRANGE It approved by the Master and Executive Committee of their respective Granges. Sec. 2. In all Granges, bills must be approved by the Master, and countersigned by the Secretary, before the Treasurer can pay the same. ARTICLE XII— RESTRICTIONS. Sectarian or partisan questions will not be toler- ated as subjects of discussion in the work of the Order, and no political or religious tests for mem- bership shall be applied. ARTICLE XIII. The Master of the National Grange and the mem- bers of the Executive Committee shall be empowered to suspend from office any officer of the Nationa 1 Grange who may prove inefficient or derelict in the discharge of his duty, subject to appeal to the next session thereafter of the National Grange. ARTICLE XIV— AMENDMENTS. This constitution can be altered or amended by a two-thirds vote of the National Grange at any annual meeting, and when such alteration or amendment shall have been ratified by two-thirds of the State Granges, and reported to the Secretary of the National Grange, it shall be of full force. 18 BY-LAWS BY-LAWS OF THL NATIONAL GRANGE ARTICLE I. The fourth day of December, the birthday of the Patrons of Husbandry, shall be celebrated as the anniversary of the Order. ARTICLE II. Not less than a majority of the State Granges entitled to representation in the National Grange shall constitute a quorum for the transaction of business. ARTICLE III. Section 1. Questions of law or usage arising in a Subordinate Grange, or referred to the Master there- of by any member thereof, shall be decided by the Master of such Subordinate Grange, subject to an appeal to the Master of the State Grange. Sec. 2. Questions of law or usage arising in the State Grange, or referred to the Master thereof by any member thereof, or brought by appeal from the decision of a Master of a Subordinate Grange, shall be decided by the Master of the State Grange, sub- ject to an appeal to the Master of the National Grange. Sec. 3. Questions of law or usage arising in the National Grange, or referred to the Master thereof by any member of the National Grange, or brought THE NATIONAL GRANGE 19 by appeal from the decision of a Master of a State Grange, shall be decided by the Master of the National Grange, whose decision thereon shall be final. ARTICLE IV. Section 1. It shall be the duty of the Master to preside at meetings of the National Grange; to see that all officers and members of the committees properly perform their respective duties; to see that the Constitution, By-Laws and resolutions of the National Grange and the usages of the Order are observed and obeyed; and generally to perform all duties pertaining to such office. Sec. 2. The Master and the Executive Committee shall constitute a Court of Appeals, to which shall be referred all appeals taken to the National Grange. Said court shall try all causes which may be brought before it, at its first sitting thereafter, but may con- tinue the same when in its judgment justice requires it. It shall preserve a record of its proceedings, in which the opinions of the court shall be set forth. ARTICLE V. Section 1. It shall be the duty of the Secretary to keep a record of all proceedings of the National Grange; to keep a just and true account of all moneys received and deposited by him in the fiscal agency; to countersign all drafts drawn by the Treasurer; to conduct the correspondence of the National Grange, and to perform such other duties appertaining to his office as may be required by the Master and Executive Committee. Sec. 2. It shall be his duty, at least once each week, to deposit with the fiscal agency holding the 20 BY-LAWS funds of the National Grange all moneys that may have come into his hands, and forward a duplicate receipt therefor to the Treasurer, and to make a full report of all transactions to the National Grange at each annual session. Sec. 3. He shall give bond in such sum and with such security as may be approved by the Executive Committee. ARTICLE VI. Section 1. It shall be the duty of the Treasurer to issue all drafts upon the fiscal agency of the Order; said drafts shall be approved by the Master and countersigned by the Secretary of the National Grange. Sec. 2. He shall report monthly to the Master of the National Grange a statement of all moneys deposited to his credit in the fiscal agency, and of all drafts signed by him during the previous month. Sec. 3. He shall report to the National Grange at each annual session a statement of all moneys depos- ited in the fiscal agency and of all drafts signed by him since his last annual report. ARTICLE VII. It shall be the duty of the Lecturer to visit, for the good of the Order, such portions of the United States as the Master and Executive Committee may direct, for which services he shall receive compensa- tion. ARTICLE VIII. Section 1. It shall be the duty of the Executive Committee to exercise a general supervision of the affairs of the Order during the recess of the National THE NATIONAL GRANGE 21 Grange. They shall have authority to act on all matters of interest to the Order when the National Grange is not in session; shall provide for the wel- fare of the Order in business matters; and no dis- bursements, not excepting salaries, shall be made except by order of the Committee; and shall report their acts in detail to the National Grange on the first day of its annual meeting or as soon thereafter as practicable. Sec. 2. The Executive Committee shall hold one regular session in each year, immediately before and during the annual session of the National Grange, at the place selected for holding such session, at which meeting the Secretary and Treasurer shall be present with their books and accounts for examina- tion by the Executive Committee. It may also hold other meetings, when in the opinion of the Master or of any two members of the Executive Committee such meeting may be necessary for the good of the Order. ARTICLE IX. Section 1. Such compensation for time and ser- vices shall be given the Master, Lecturer, Secretary, Treasurer, and Executive Committee as the National Grange may, from time to time, determine. Sec. 2. Whenever General Deputies are appointed by the Master of the National Grange, said Deputies shall receive such compensation for time and ser- vices as may be determined by the Master and the Executive Committee; provided, in no case shall pay from the National Grange be given General Deputies in any State after the formation of its State Grange. 22 BY-LAWS ARTICLE X. Section 1. The financial reports of Subordinate Granges shall be made on the first day of January, the first day of April, the first day of July, and the first day of October. Sec. 2. State Granges shall date their financial existence three months after the first day of January, first day of April, first day of July, and first day of October immediately following their organization. Sec. 3. The financial year of the National Grange shall close on the 30th day of September. ARTICLE XI. Each session of the National Grange shall fix the compensaiton of its members. ARTICLE XII. Special meetings of the National Grange shall be called by the Master upon the application of the Masters of twenty State Granges, one month’s notice of such meeting being given to all voting members of the National Grange. No alterations or amend- ments of the By-Laws or Ritual shall be made at any special meeting. ARTICLE XIII. Upon the demand of five members, the ayes and noes may be called on any question, and when so called shall be entered by the Secretary upon his minutes. ARTICLE XIV. Past Masters are Masters who have been duly elected and installed, and who have served out the term for which they were elected. THE NATIONAL GRANGE 23 ARTICLE XV. Vacancies in office may be filled by election at any regular meeting of the Grange. ARTICLE XVI. Two or more Subordinate Granges may be con- solidated in the manner following, to-wit: Application for permission to consolidate shall be made to the Master of the State Grange and his con- sent obtained. One of the Consolidated Granges shall then vote to surrender its charter and to con solidate with the other; and the other must vote to receive all members of the surrendering Grange. A copy of each vote, duly authenticated, must be transmitted to the Secretary of the State Grange, and the surrendered charter must be returned to the National Grange through the office of the Secretary of the State Grange, with the fact and date of its surrender and consolidation endorsed thereon, au- thenticated by the seal and signature of the Secre- tary of the State Grange; provided, that nothing herein contained shall be construed to authorize the surrender of the charter of a Grange in which nine men and four women shall desire to continue the organization thereof. ARTICLE XVII. Section 1. In case satisfactory evidence come to the Master of a State Grange that a Grange has been organized contrary to the laws and usages of the Order, or is working in violation of the same, or is in arrears for dues for two or more quarters, it shall be the duty of the Master to suspend the char- ter of such offending Grange if, in his opinion, the 24 BY-LAWS good of the Order requires such action, and if in his judgment the good of the Order demands the revo- cation of the charter, he shall report his action sus- pending the charter, with an abstract of the testi- mony upon which it was based, to the National Grange, with his reason therefor. Sec. 2. Granges whose charters are thus sus- pended or revoked may appeal to the National Grange at its next session for the final action of that body. ARTICLE XVIII. Members of the State and Subordinate Granges shall be amenable to their respective Granges under such regulations as may be prescribed by the State Granges for the trial of causes in their respective jurisdictions; provided, that members of the Subor- dinate Granges shall be allowed the right of appeal to their State Granges, and members of the State Grange shall be allowed the right of appeal to the Court of Appeals. ARTICLE XIX. Each officer required by law to report to the National Grange at its annual sessions shall furnish, in connection with his report, an itemized statement of the expenses of his office for the current year. ARTICLE XX. The Secretary of each State Grange shall send to the Secretary of the National Grange two printed copies of the proceedings of his State Grange as soon as practicable after each annual session, and also copies of the Constitution and By-Laws of his State Grange, whenever a revision or important THE NATIONAL GRANGE 25 amendment has been made to the same, and the Secretary of the National Grange shall preserve in his office one copy of each of these documents. ARTICLE XXI. All communications, circulars and other docu- ments issued by the officers of the National Grange or any department thereof to the Subordinate Granges, shall pass through the office of the State Grange to which they belong. ARTICLE XXII. These By-Laws may be altered or amended at any annual meeting of the National Grange by a two-thirds vote of the members present. 26 CONSTITUTION CONSTITUTION OF Washington State Grange (Revised 1909). ARTICLE I— NAME. Section 1. This Grange shall be known as the Washington State Grange of Patrons of Husbandry. Sec. 2. In all its acts the Washington State Grange shall be subject to and controlled by the Constitution, Laws, and Regulations of the National Grange. ARTICLE II — MEMBERSHIP. Section 1. The membership of the Washington State Grange shall consist of the Past officers, offi- cers, deputies, and Master of, or legally elected rep- resentatives of Pomona and Subordinate Granges, and the wives or husbands who are Patrons in good standing. Sec. 2. Voting Members. The voting members shall be the Masters of Pomona and Subordinate Granges and their wives or husbands who are Pa- trons, but any such Grange may elect any member as its representative to the State Grange when- ever the Master is unable to attend, and the rep- resentative so elected and his husband or wife, if a member, shall be voting members of this State Grange. Provided: Whenever the same person shall WASHINGTON STATE GRANGE 27 hold the office of Master in both Pomona and Sub- ordinate Granges that the Pomona Grange shall elect another member to serve as their representa- tive and such representative and husband or wife shall be entitled to all privileges of membership. Sec. 3. Classes of Members. Membership in the State Grange shall be divided into two classes, vot- ing and honorary. The first-named class shall con- sist of the representatives and their wives or hus- bands. The second-named class shall be all other members of the State Grange as enumerated in Sec- tion 1. Honorary members shall be entitled to all rights and privileges, including the holding of office, except the right to vote. Sec. 4. Representation. No Pomona or Subordi- nate Grange shall be entitled to be represented at any meeting of this Grange unless all sums due this Grange therefrom are paid up to the close of the quarter next preceding the meeting of the State Grange. ARTICLE III— OFFICERS. Section 1. The officers of this Grange shall be of the same number and name as provided in the National Laws. Sec. 2. The regular election of officers shall take place at the annual meeting held in odd numbered years. Sec. 3. Vacancies shall be filled by election by the State Grange, if in session, or at the first meeting after the vacancy occurs. But until such meeting the vacancy may be filled by appointment by the Master, subject to the approval of the Executive Committee. 28 CONSTITUTION Sec. 4. All officers are amenable to this Grange and to be tried by the State Grange for offenses, except Master and his wife or husband, who can be tried only in National Grange. ARTICLE IV— MEETINGS. Section 1. This Grange shall hold its annual meet- ing beginning on the first Tuesday in June of each year, convening at 10 o’clock a. m. Sec. 2. In case the Grange does not select a place for its next annual meeting or some extraordinary circumstance should make it not desirable to hold it where chosen, the Executive Committee shall determine where such meeting shall be held. Sec. 3. Special meetings may be called by the Master and Secretary upon request of the Executive Committee or the written request of twenty-five Subordinate Granges. Sec. 4. When a special meeting is to be held, the Secretary shall give at least thirty days’ notice of the same to the Masters and Secretaries of all Pomona and Subordinate Granges. Sec. 5. Twelve members shall constitute a quorum for the transaction of business, but a lesser number may adjourn from time to time until a quorum is secured. ARTICLE V— DUTIES OF OFFICERS. Section 1. Master. It shall be the duty of the Master to preside at all meetings of the Grange; to see that the officers and members of committees properly perform their respective duties; to see that the Constitution and Laws of the National Grange, the Constitution and By-Laws of the State WASHINGTON STATE GRANGE 29 Grange, and the Rules and Regulations of the Order are obeyed; to have charge of the extension work; to sign all drafts upon the Treasury and to perform such other duties as pertain to his office or are required by these articles and the usages of the Order. Sec. 2. Overseer. It shall be the duty of the Overseer to assist the Master; to preside over the Grange in the absence of the Master, and in case the office of Master shall be vacant, he shall fill it until the next annual meeting. Sec. 3. Lecturer. It shall be the duty of the Lec- turer to have charge of the literary work of the Grange and such other work as may properly belong to the office. Sec. 4. Steward. The Steward’s duties shall be as defined in the Manual. Sec. 5. Assistant Steward. This officer shall, in the absence of the Steward, assume his duties and perform the duties defined by the Manual. Sec. 6. Secretary. The Secretary shall make and keep complete and accurate record of all the pro- ceedings of the meetings of the State Grange. He shall make all necessary returns to the National Grange and keep the accounts of the Subordinate Granges with the State Grange. II. He shall pay over to the Treasurer, within the time prescribed by the National Constitution, all moneys coming into his hands and take a receipt for the same. He shall draw and countersign all orders upon the Treasury. III. He shall furnish the Subordinate Granges with the necessary blanks upon which to make nec- essary reports. IV. He shall also keep and publish annually a complete roster or register of the names and num- so CONSTITUTION bers of all Pomona and Subordinate Granges in the State, with the name and address of the Master and Secretary of each, and send a copy to the officers and deputies of the State Grange and each Pomona and Subordinate Grange Secretary on or before the fifteenth day of February of each year. V. He shall publish, under the direction of the Executive Committee, annually on or before the fifteenth day of August, a complete journal of the proceedings of the State Grange meeting, with a list of State officers and register of time and place of meeting of each Pomona and Subordinate Grange, and furnish copies thereof to all officers as above, including Lecturers of Pomona and Subordinate Granges. He shall furnish copies of the same to those desiring to purchase the same at a price fixed by the Executive Committee. VI. The Secretary shall receive for his services the sum of six hundred dollars and necessary office expenses, payable quarterly. Sec. 7. Treasurer. The Treasurer shall receive all moneys of the State Grange from the hands of the Secretary, and give a receipt for the same. He shall keep an account of all moneys received, and pay from the same on the order of the Master and Secretary, such orders bearing the seal of the Grange. He shall give a full statement of the con- dition of the Treasury at each annual meeting, and whenever called upon to do so by the Executive Committee. Sec. 8. Gatekeeper. It shall be the duty of this officer to carefully guard the gate of the Grange and allow none to enter unless satisfied that he is WASHINGTON STATE GRANGE 31 entitled to do so, unless ordered so to do by the Master. Sec. 9. Chaplain and Lady Officers. The duties of these officers shall be as defined by the National Constitution and the Manual. Sec. 10. At the expiration of their terms of office, each officer shall deliver to their successors all of the moneys, books and property belonging to the Grange or their offices. ARTICLE VI— EXECUTIVE COMMITTEE. Section 1. The Executive Committee of this Grange shall consist of three members who shall be associated with the Master and Secretary as such Committee. Sec. 2. Their terms of office shall be for three years, and one shall be elected annually, except that in the year 1909 there shall be two elected, one for one year and one for the full term of three years. Sec. 3. The Executive Committee shall attend to the general business transactions of the State Grange; exercise a general supervision over the affairs of the Order during a recess of the Grange; try cases when the Grange is not in session; instruct the Secretary in the printing and in the disbursement of moneys; approve all official bonds, and shall report all its actions in detail to the Finance Com- mittee before each annual meeting. Sec. 4. The Executive Committee shall authorize the Master to expend such sum for the assistance of any weak or dormant Grange as in its judgment may result in saving it to the Order or making it a strong working Grange. 32 CONSTITUTION ARTICLE VII— SUSPENSIONS. Section 1. Any officer of the State Grange, except the Master, who is amenable to the National Grange, who may neglect or refuse to perform the duties of his office, may be suspended from office by a three- fifths vote of the Executive Committee, after a fair and impartial trial by said Committee. ARTICLE VIII— FISCAL YEAR. Section 1. The fiscal year of the State Grange shall end on the last day of May, and of the Pomona and Subordinate Granges on the thirty-first day of December of each year. Sec. 2. It shall be the duty of the Executive Com- mittees and the various Secretaries and Treasurers to make their reports, including therein all business transactions up to the close of the fiscal year, ready for presentation to the Finance Committees. ARTICLE IX— AMENDMENTS. The provisions of this Constitution may be changed when the change proposed does not con- flict with the National Laws or Digest, upon written notice introduced in the State Grange in annual meeting at least one day before its consideration, upon a two-thirds vote of the members present. WASHINGTON STATE GRANGE 33 BY - LAW 5 OF Washington State Grange ARTICLE I— GENERAL PROVISIONS. Section 1. Ronds. The Secretary and Treasurer of State, Pomona, and Subordinate Granges shall each give bonds in such sum as the Executive Com- mittees of the various bodies may require, payable to the Executive Committee, in case of forfeiture, the amount collected on forfeited bonds shall be held in trust by the committee until the proper officer is installed. Sec. 2. Regalia. It shall be the duty of members and officers of State, Pomona and Subordinate Granges to be clothed in proper regalia, and the offi- cers to wear their jewels and carry the emblems of their offices when open as a Grange. Only members open in form and working under a charter or dispen- sation and members of the Order called together by the Master of the State Grange or his deputies for instruction shall be entitled to use the unwritten work of the Order. Sec. 3. Elections. All elections in all Granges shall be by ballot, and a majority of all legal ballots cast shall be necessary to a choice. Sec. 4. Claims. No claim against this Grange will be allowed or paid unless the same be presented for 34 BY-LAWS audit or payment within three years from the time the same shall have accrued. Sec. 5. Books. Each officer in every Grange shall, at the expiration of his term of office, deliver to his successor, when duly installed, all books, papers, moneys, implements, or other property of any de- scription pertaining to his office or belonging to the Grange. ARTICLE II— DEPUTIES. Section 1. Supervising Deputy. The Master may appoint a General Deputy to have supervision of the field work, and when, in his judgment and that of the Executive Committee, the occasion warrants it may make suitable financial arrangements with such Deputy other than such as herein set forth. Sec. 2. County Deputies. The Master shall ap- point annually at least one Deputy in each County where there is a Grange, to serve until the next ses- sion of the State Grange, unless the appointment is sooner revoked. Tt shall be their duty to visit the Granges withiy their respective counties at least twice each year and install officers when requested and assist them in building stronger their respective organizations. They shall be vigilant that no discord, shall exist iu the Granges under their respective jurisdictions, and shall report promptly any such disorder to the Mas ter of the State Grange. They shall also examine the records of the Subordinate Granges in their juris- dictions and see that the books are properly kept and report to the Master, Lecturer, and Secretary of the State Grange the names of the officers of the Granges whom they install. They shall assist the WASHINGTON STATE GRANGE 35 Supervising Deputy in extending the Order in their respective counties, and, when requested so to do aid him in planning new Granges and organizing same. Sec. 3. The fees for the organization of new Granges, for all official visits not otherwise provided for, and for any other services which the welfare of the Order shall require, shall be left to the discre- tion of the Master and the Executive Committee. Sec. 4. Reports. All Deputies shall make a de- tailed report of their actions to the State Master once each quarter. ARTICLE III— COMMITTEES. Section 1. There shall be a Legislative Com- mittee, to be composed of the Master and two mem- bers, who shall be appointed by the Master for the first year, and afterwards elected by the Grange at its general election. Vacancies occurring in this committee may be filled by the remaining members from the membership at large. It shall be the duty of the committee to formulate resolutions approved by the State Grange into bills, present them to the State Legislature at its session, and use all honor- able means to secure their enactment into law. They shall receive as compensation such sums as the Executive Committee may deem proper. Sec. 2. Standing Committees. The following standing committees shall be appointed by the Mas- ter on or before the first day of April of each year from among the officers, Deputies, Past Masters, and representatives of Pomona and Subordinate Granges and w 7 ives or husbands of the persons above 36 BY-LAWS classified, whom the Master has reason to believe will be present at the next session of the Grange. To these committees shall be referred such mat- ters as are appropriate for consideration and report. When possible, such report should be ready for the first day of the annual meeting. Should any of the appointed members be absent on the first day of the annual meeting, the Master shall fill the vacancies as above provided. 1. Credentials. 2. Division of Labor and Master’s Address. 3. Finance. 4. Resolutions. 5. Co-operation. 6. Transportation. 7. Publications. 8. Education. 9. Agriculture. 10. Mileage. 11. Constitutional Amendments and By-Laws. 12. Claims and Grievances. 13. Subordinate Granges. 14. Dormant Granges. 15. Trials and Appeals. 16. Good of the Order. 17. Unfinished Business. 18. State College and Farmers’ Institutes. 19. Insurance. 20. Pomona Granges. 21. Pure Food. 22. Temperance. 23. Women’s Work. 24. Memorials. 25. Good Roads. 26. Extension of the Order. Sec. 3. Finance Committee. The Finance Com- mittee shall consist of three members, to be ap- pointed at the same time as other committees. It WASHINGTON STATE GRANGE 37 shall meet on the Monday preceding the annual meeting at the place of meeting of the State Grange, and carefully examine and check up the reports of the Secretary, Treasurer and Executive Committee, and report its findings to the State Grange not later than the .first session of the second day. Each member of said committee shall receive the sum ot two dollars per day for time expended in such exam- ination. Sec. 4. The Master shall appoint the following committees for work during each meeting of the Grange: Reception, Social Entertainment, Degree Work. Sec. 5. Special Committees. Special committees may be appointed from time to time as the Grange may order. Sec. 6. Number and Quorum. Each committee shall consist of not less than three members nor more than nine. Three members shall constitute a quorum for the transaction of business except that two may act for the Finance Committee and the Legislative Commit- tee may delegate its powers to one of its members. ARTICLE IV — COMPENSATION. Section 1. (a) The Master shall receive the sum of five hundred dollars per year, and necessary travel- ing expenses and incidentals, as may be approved by the Executive Committee. (b) The Secretary shall receive the sum of six hundred dollars per annum, and necessary office ex- penses. Sec. 2. The Executive Committee shall receive 38 BY-LAWS necessary traveling expenses. They shall also re- ceive two dollars per day while in attendance upon the meetings of the State Grange. Sec. 3. Officers of the State Grange shall receive their necessary traveling expenses to and from the meetings of the State Grange. ARTICLE V— DEGREES. Section 1. Pomona. Any fourth degree member in good standing may receive the degree of Pomona from this Grange at the time of its annual meeting, upon the payment of a fee of twenty-five cents. Sec. 2. Flora. Any fifth degree member may re- ceive the degree of Flora during the annual session of this Grange upon the payment of the fee fixed by the National Constitution and By-Laws. ARTICLE VI — QUOR U M AND ORDER OF BUSINESS. Section 1. Quorum. Twelve members shall con- stitute a quorum for the transaction of business, but a less number may adjourn from day to day. Sec. 2. Order of Business. The Order of Business for each annual meeting of the State Grange shall be as follows: Tuesday Morning. 1. Opening Grange. Fourth Degree. 2. Roll Call of officers and appointments pro tem- pore. 3. Announcement of Committee on Credentials. Recess. T uesday, 1:30 p. m. 1. Roll Call of officers. 2. Report of Credentials Committee. WASHINGTON STATE GRANGE 39 3. Announcement of revised list of Standing Com- mittees. 4. Introduction of resolutions and reference with- out debate. 5. Announcements. Recess. Tuesday Evening. Conferring Degrees of Pomona. Announcements. Wednesday Morning, 9 a. m. 1. Calling roll of officers. 2. Reading and approval of Journal. 3. Introduction of resolutions and reference. 4. Reports of committees. 5. Official reports. 6. Deputies’ reports. 7. Pomona Grange reports. 8. Subordinate Grange reports. 9. Announcements. Recess. Wednesday Afternoon, 1:30 p. m. 1. Roll call. 2. Journal. 3. Introduction of resolutions. 4. Reports of committees. 5. Election of officers. 6. Special orders. 7. Announcements. Recess. Wednesday Evening, 8 p. m. 1. Conferring Degree of Flora. 2. Reports of Subordinate Granges. 40 BY-LAWS 3. Announcements. Recess. Thursday Morning, 9 a. m. 1. Roll call. 2. Journal. 3. Resolutions. 4. Reports of committees. 5. Exemplification of Secret Work. Recess. Thursday Afternoon, 1:30 p. m. 1. Roll call. 2. Journal. 3. Committee reports. 4. Installation of officers. 5. Choosing place of next meeting. Recess. Thursday Evening 8 p. m. 1. Unfinished business. 2. Reading and approval of Journal. 3. Closing in Fourth Degree. Sec. 3. This Order of Business may be suspended or transposed at any meeting upon a majority vote of those present. ARTICLE VII. Section 1. If at any time between the sessions of the State Grange any resolution shall be endorsed by ten Subordinate Granges and so certified to each member of the Legislative Committee, it shall be- come the duty of the Secretary of such Committee to, within thirty days, have such resolution pub- lished in the Pacific Grange Bulletin. Provided : WASHINGTON STATE GRANGE 41 That any two or more members of the Legislative Committee may have a competing resolution pub- lished in the same issue. Sec. 2. It shall be the duty of the Secretary of each Subordinate Grange to report, promptly, to the Secretary of the Legislative Committee, the votes cast in his Grange, for and against such resolution or resolutions. Sec. 3. Seventy days from the publication of the resolution or resolutions the Legislative Committee shall canvass the returns made by the Subordinate Secretaries to the Secretary of the Legislative Com- mittee and report the result of the election in the next issue of the Pacific Grange Bulletin. Sec. 4. Such resolutions as shall have received the majority of all votes cast shall have force and be in effect on and after the fifteenth day of the month of their publication, precisely as though they had been adopted at an annual session of the State Grange. Sec. 5. The senior elective member of the Legis- lative Committee shall be, ex-officio, the Secretary of the Committee. ARTICLE VIII— POMONA GRANGES. Section 1. Organization. Pomona, or Fifth De- gree Granges may be organized in the following manner. An application signed by the Masters of three or more Subordinate Granges in a County shall be sent to the State Master, accompanied by a petition signed by at least twenty-five Fourth Degree members of Subordinate Granges within said County, of which number at least four shall be Matrons, and accompanied by a fee of Five Dollars. The petition 42 BY-LAWS for charter shall be in form substantially as follows: To , Master of Washington State Grange. The undersigned, Masters of and and Subordinate Granges, situated in County, Washington, respectfully ask you to charter a Pomona Grange to be known as Pomona Grange. Accompanying this application please find the prescribed charter fee of $5.00. , Master of Grange No. ; , Master of Grange No. ; , Master of Grange No. ; , Master of Grange No. . The undersigned, being Fourth Degree members in good standing in said Subordinate Granges, and desirous of extending the good work of the Order and of joining a Pomona Grange, join in said appli- cation. Sec. 2. Master’s Duty. On the receipt of sucn ap- plication, it shall be the duty of the State Master to provide for the organization and instruction of such Grange in accordance with the Ritual of the Fifth Degree, as adopted by the National Grange, and to cause notice of the time and place of meeting to organize to be served on the Master of each Subordinate Grange in the County. Sec. 3. The Master or Deputy, before completing the organization, shall see that the officers are prop- erly installed, and that the membership fee is paid to the Treasurer of the new organization. It shall be his duty to reject every person not strictly quali- fied and to carefully instruct in the work of the Grange and of the Fifth Degree. Sec. 4. Charter. It shall be the duty of the State Secretary, on the receipt of a certificate from the WASHINGTON STATE GRANGE 43 State Master or his Organizing Deputy, setting forth that such Pomona Grange has been legally organ- ized, to issue a Charter in due form to such Grange. Sec. 5. Each applicant for Charter shall pay the sum of 25 cents at time of signing above application. After deducting Charter fee of $5.00, the remainder shall become part of the funds of the Pomona Grange. Sec. 6 . Organizer. A Deputy organizing a Po- mona Grange shall receive such compensation as the Executive Committee may deem just under the at- tendant circumstances. Sec. 6. Members. Any person in possession of the first four degrees and in good standing in a Sub- ordinate Grange within the jurisdiction of a Pomona Grange, may make application for membership in said Grange. The application shall be accompanied by a fee of not less than twenty-five cents, previ- ously fixed by the Pomona Grange. On receiving such petition, the Pomona Grange, being satisfied that the applicant is well versed in the four subordinate degrees, and a faithful worker therein, may elect such applicant to membership. It shall require four negative votes to reject. Sec. 7. Eligibility, how shown. It shall be the duty of the Patron desiring admission to a Pomona Grange to procure the certificate provided for below from the Secretary of his Subordinate Grange, pay- ing him therefor the sum of five cents to cover cost of blank. Sec. 8. Blank Certificate. The State Secretary shall cause to be printed a blank substantially in the following form, and furnish the same in lots of 44 BY-LAWS twenty-five to Subordinate Granges at a cost not exceeding actual cost with ten per centum added. To the Master of Pomona Grange No. , of County, Washington. This is to certify that is a member in good standing of Subordinate Grange; is well versed in the first four degrees of the Order of Patrons of Husbandry, a good worker therein, and we heartily recommend for membership in the Pomona Grange. We further certify that the signa- ture of said member attached hereunto was affixed in our presence. Dated day of , 19 — . Master. Secretary. Subordinate Grange No. . -, Wash. Signature of member applying. Secretary of Pomona Grange will have member applying for admission sign his or her name on this blank below before being given the unwritten work. To Master of Pomona Grange. I hereby make application to join said Grange. I am the person whose signature appears above and to whom the above certificate was issued. Dated, of , 19 — . Referred to and and , a Com- mittee of Investigation appointed by the Master. Committee reported favorably. Candidate elected and degree conferred. of , 19—. Secretary Pomona Grange No. . WASHINGTON STATE GRANGE 45 Sec. 9. Officers. The officers and duties of offi- cers in a Pomona Grange shall be the same as in the other Granges of the Order, except as herein other- wise provided for. They shall be chosen either an- nually or' bi-ennially, at such time as may be de- termined by the By-Laws of such Pomona Grange. They shall, when possible, be installed at the same meeting. 2. An Executive Committee of three members in addition to the Master and Secretary, who shall be ex-officio members, shall be chosen by ballot at the annual meeting, to have charge of the business affairs of the Grange when not in session. 3. As soon as the installation of officers takes place, the Secretary shall send the names of the Master, Secretary, and Lecturer, with postoffice address of each, to the State Secretary, and shall also report at once whenever any change occurs in either office. 4. Any officer of the State Grange or any member of a Pomona Grange who has been a voting member of the State Grange may install the officers of a Pomona Grange. 5. The minimum of quarterly dues shall be ten cents for each member, due and payable as in Subor- dinate Granges. Otherwise each Pomona Grange may regulate its own dues. Sec. 10. General Duties. 1. Pomona Granges are authorized to provide for a general class of Grange work for the interests of the Order which cannot be accomplished by either the State or Subordinate Granges. All officers should study and plan to make the work of an advanced and assistaing nature, and 46 BY-LAWS at all times and on all occasions to strive to be foremost in advocating and maintaining the princi- ples of the Order on a progressive basis. 2. In the absence of the Master, the highest rank- ing officer of a Pomona Grange shall take his place and fill all vacancies by appointment. 3. Each Pomona Grange shall elect a Press Agent, whose duty shall be to cause proper notices of the work of the Grange to be furnished the press for publication. 4. Each Pomona Grange shall meet at least once a quarter and may hold intermediate meetings. The Secretary shall report semi-annually to the State Secretary, giving a full report of its condition and statement of its co-operative transactions. 5. Pomona Granges shall open in the Fifth Degree but may hold Fourth Degree sessions to which all Fourth Degree members may be admitted as visitors. 6. The . laws and rulings which relate to the juris- diction of Subordinate Granges in this State shall, so far as practicable, apply to Pomona Granges. 7. Sectarian, religious, and partisan political ques- tions will not be tolerated as subjects of discussion in the Pomona Grange, and no religious or political test for members shall be applied. Sec. 10. Appeals. A Pomona Grange may become a Court to which cases may be taken on appeal from Subordinate Granges, as provided in these By-Laws. Sec. 11. Discipline. The same rules of discipline as obtain in Subordinate Granges shall apply to Pomona Granges, except that their jurisdiction shall only apply to Fifth Degree members, against whom WASHINGTON STATE GRANGE 47 charges shall have been duly preferred, in accord- ance with the usages of the Order. Sec. 12. Arrearages. Members who have lost standing in a Pomona Grange are those who are more than one year in arrears of dues. Such mem- bers may re-instate themselves by paying up the full amount of arrearages to current quarter without vote of the Grange. Members in arrears for more than two years may be received into 'membership by majority vote of members present, and upon the payment of such sum as the Grange may determine, but in no case less than one full year’s dues. Sec. 13. Transfers. Any Fifth Degree member desirous of joining a Pomona Grange may do so upon payment of the usual fee. Any member of a Pomona Grange moving into the jurisdiction of another and desiring to unite with it, may, if clear on the books of his own Grange, do so upon pre- sentation of a Dimit card. Sec. 14. Dim its. Any member in good standing shall be entitled to a Dimit card upon payment of the sum of twenty-five cents, which card shall be good for the term of one year. Applicants holding a Dimit shall be subject to the same rule as those applying for membership when seeking admission to a Pomona Grange. Sec. 15. Granges in Unorganized Counties. A Grange located in a County having no Pomona Grange, and wishing to affiliate with a Pomona Grange in an adjoining County, shall apply to the Executive Committee of the State Grange for per- mission, whose decision shall be final. Should said County afterward be organized, any Grange holding 48 BY-LAWS membership in adjoining County may have its mem- bers of Pomona Grange transferred to the new Pomona without the payment of the usual fee. Sec. 16. Trials. Trials and convictions for viola- tion of the obligation of the Fifth Degree shall carry with it expulsion from the Order. All expulsions shall be reported to the Secretary of the State Grange, who shall report the same to all Pomona Granges in the State. Sec. 17. By-Laws. Each Pomona Grange may make such by-laws for its own government as it may deem best, but such by-laws must not conflict with the Laws of the Order nor the by-laws of the National or State Grange. ARTICLE IX— SUBORDINATE GRANGES. Sec. 1. Membership. All applications for mem- bership shall be made in form prescribed by National Grange and accompanied by the proper fee. When a petition is received by a Grange from a person living near the meeting place of another Grange, the Grange nearest the residence of the applicant shall be consulted before admitting the petitioner. Sec. 2. Fees. Applicants for membership in an organized Grange shall pay the following fees: Man, $1.50; woman, 75 cents; boy under 16, $1.00; and girl under 16, 50 cents. All applications shall be accom- panied by the above fees, and two quarters dues in advance. Persons signing application for Charter of a new Grange shall pay as follows: Men, $1.00; women, and boys under 16, 50 cents. Sec. 3. Dues. 1. The regular dues in any Subor- WASHINGTON STATE GRANGE 49 dinate Grange shall not be less than thirty cents per quarter, and shall be fixed by the local By-Laws. 2. All dues are payable in advance at the first meeting in January, April, July and October, and no member shall be entitled to receive the annual word whose dues are not paid to the end of the first quarter of the current year. 3. Any member .who shall refuse or neglect to pay his or her dues for the space of one year, shall be notified by the Secretary, under seal of the Grange, of that fact, and if, aftey one month, the acount still remains unsettled and the member is still indebted for one or more years’ dues, the Secretary shall re- port the same to the Master in open Grange, and, unless action is deferred, the Grange shall suspend the member by a majority vote, which shall be- taken by the voting sign. This vote cannot be reconsidered. 4. The State Secretary shall see that the dues payable to the State Grange are promptly paid, and in case the dues remain delinquent two quarters the delinquent Grange shall be reported to the Master of the State Grange, who shall make another effort to collect the same in person or by Deputy; but if the said dues are not paid at the expiration of thirty days from date of Master’s notification, it shall be his duty to - advise the Master of the National Grange, and if, in his judgment, the facts warrant it, recom- mend the revocation of the Charter of said Subordi- nate Grange. 5. A Grange whose Charter has been revoked or suspended may petition the State Grange for rein- statement. Sec. 4. Election to Membership. When an appli- 50 BY-LAWS cation, as provided in Section 1, shall have been re- ceived, it shall be recorded and in open Grange re- ferred to a committee of three members, to be appointed by the Master. The committee shall investigate as to the character and habits of the applicant and report at the next regular meeting of the Grange, unless by vote a longer time is given it to report. When the report shall have been pre- sented to the Grange, a ballot shall be at once taken upon the application, 2. An application can be. withdrawn any time before the ballot thereon, without permission, but after election no application can be withdrawn ex- cept by a majority vote of those present. In either case, the fee may be returned. 3. A ballot must be taken upon the application, whether the report is favorable or unfavorable. It shall require three negative votes to reject an appli- cation. If not more than two black balls appear, the candidate shall be declared elected. If exactly three black balls appear upon inspection of the ballot, the Master shall say: “Lest a member may have cast a ballot carelessly or by mistake, the ballot will be taken over again,” which shall be immediately done. If three black balls again appear, the candidate shall be declared rejected and the ballot cannot be reconsidered or repeated. In all cases, not less than seven members must have voted to constitute a legal ballot. A person once rejected cannot apply for membership in any Grange for six months thereafter. If, after an applicant has been rejected, a member voluntarily declares that he or \ WASHINGTON STATE GRANGE 51 she cast a black ball by mistake, the Master shall immediately order another ballot. 4. After a candidate has been legally elected, he shall be entitled to initiation and the degrees must be conferred if the candidate presents himself within six months of the date of election for initiation. However, at any time before initiation, if objection is made, and after hearing the nature of the objec- tion to the candidate becoming a member, the Grange may, by a majority of the members present at a regular meeting, annul the election and proceed to take a new ballot upon the same application, in ac- cordance with subdivision 3 of this Section. 5. Any member becoming possessed of informa- tion tending to show that the candidate formerly elected to membership, but not yet initiated, is un- worthy to become a member, may file an objection to said initiation, endorsed by at least two other members, with the Secretary. Such objection must state the cause alleged and that the same has arisen since the date of candidate’s application, or that the same was unknown at that time, whereupon the Grange shall proceed as in preceding subdivision of this Section. Sec. 5. Application by Dimit. A member of a Subordinate Grange may become a member of an- other Grange by presenting a Dimit, showing that he is a member in good standing, and by and upon receiving a three-fourths vote of the members pres- ent. An unaffiiliated member holding a Dimit show- ing former membership in a Grange may be admit- ted to membership upon paying a fee equal to one year’s dues. Such Dimit shall be submitted to a 52 BY-LAWS committee as provided in Section 4, and all proceed- ings shall be as therein set forth, except that it shall require a majority of black balls to reject the ap- plicant. Sec. 6. Divulging Action of Grange. No member or visitor shall divulge improperly the rejection of a candidate under penalty to members of suspension or to visitors to not being allowed to again visit the Grange and of being reported to the Grange to which they belong. It shall be the duty of the Master to read this section immediately after the rejection of a candidate, for the information of all members present. Sec. 7. Meetings. A regular meeting is any meet- ing fixed by the By-Laws or standing rules of the Grange. A Grange must hold at least one regular meeting each month. The By-Laws must fix defi- nitely the day and hour for all regular meetings. 2. Special meetings may be called by the Master or by vote of the Grange for special purposes named in the call, and no other business can be legally transacted thereat unless so specified in the call. Sec. 8. Quorum. Seven members shall constitute a quorum. No Grange can be opened in due form with less, but a lesser number may adjourn from time to time until a quorum is present. Sec. 9. Officers. 1. The officers of a Subordinate Grange shall be of the same number, name, and rank as those provided for in the National Grange. 2. The election of officers shall take place at the last regular meeting in December of each year, but if circumstances make it impossible to hold an elec- tion at that time, it shall be held at the next regular meeting. WASHINGTON STATE GRANGE 53 3. The installation of officers shall take place at the first regular meeting in January, or as soon there- after as practicable, and the same shall be reported to the Secretary of the State Grange at once. 4. The Master shall preside at all meetings of the Grange, and conduct the same according to the best of his ability, under the rules of the Order and gen- eral parliamentary law. He shall open and close the meetings in due form, and decide all questions aris- ing in the Grange, subject to appeal. He shall also see that all reports required by the State Grange from his Grange are promptly made. At the close of his term of office, the Master shall make an an- nual report, recapitulating the work of the past year, and recommending measures for the year to come. 5. The Overseer shall assist the Master in his duties, and in his absence shall take the Master’s place and duties. 6. The Secretary of each Subordinate Grange shall report to the Secretary of the State Grange promptly at the end of each quarter, the number and name of all persons initiated, suspended, or ex- pelled during the quarter, and pay to the Secretary of the State Grange one dollar for each man and fifty cents for each woman and each boy under 16 initiated during the quarter. He shall also pay to the State Grange a quarterly due of fifteen cents for each mem- ber carried on the roll the full quarter. Said report of the Secretary to be approved by the Master of his Grange. 7. Each Secretary shall also promptly report to the Secretary of the State Grange the name and address of the Master, Lecturer, and Secretary 54 BY-LAWS elected at the annual meeting, and their postoffice address; also elections to fill vacancies in those offices. He is the custodian of the seal of the Grange, and responsible for its use and safe-keeping. It should never be used for private or individual purposes. In case the Grange becomes dormant, he shall return the seal, charter, and rituals to the Secretary of the State Grange, on demand of the Master of the State Grange. 8. The Secretary of the Grange should immedi- ately report to the Secretary of each neighboring Grange every instance of suspension or expulsion of a member who has been tried or convicted upon charges; and in case of removal of the member, the Grange next his new residence should be notified. 9. Lecturer. It shall be the duty of the Lecturer to have charge of the literary exercises of the Grange; to provide useful information to be read or distributed among the members; to prepare literary programs and appoint members for special literary work, and perform all other duties required by the Ritual and Laws of the Order. The Lecturer shall also report quarterly to the Lecturer of the State Grange, upon blanks provided for that purpose, giv- ing full information in regard to the character of the lecture work that is being carried on in his Grange. 10. The Steward has charge of the inner gate, in which, as in all other duties, he is assisted by the Assistant Stewards, whose positions are: Assistant on the right and Lady Assistant on the left of the Overseer. 11. The further duties of the officers of a Sub- WASHINGTON STATE GRANGE 55 ordinate Grange are defined by the Ritual and Con stitution of the Order, the Digest of the National Grange, and the By-Laws of the Subordinate Granges must not conflict therewith. Sec. 10. Cimits and Withdrawal Cards. 1. Any member in good standing and clear on the books of the Grange is entitled to a dimit or withdrawal card, upon application therefor. 2. A dimited member cannot receive the annual word, or any degree instructions, or be elected to or hold office in the Grange. 3. A withdrawal card severs a member’s connec- tion with the Order, and he cannot be reinstated without submitting to the same form of application, ballot and payment of the same fee as a new member. 4. A dimit simply disconnects a member from his Subordinate Grange, leaving him a member of the Order during life-time of his dimit, one year, and amenable to the Grange in the jurisdiction of which he resides; he may be received into such Grange upon proper application, accompanied by his dimit, on a three-fourths vote of the members present. 5. A member holding a dimit may, with the con- sent of the Grange in the jurisdiction of which he resides, join another Grange, but must submit to all the requirements provided in the Rules and Regula- tions of the Order. A member holding a dimit can- not be driven out of the Order by unfriendly legis- lation of the Grange having jurisdiction. It must either release jurisdiction or receive the member back into the Grange. 6. Charges may be preferred against a member of the Order holding a dimit, by any member in good 56 BY-LAWS standing, and the Grange having jurisdiction must try the case and declare a verdict. 7. Applications for dimits or withdrawal cards must be made in writing at a regular meeting of the Grange, and if the fees and dues are paid, and no charges preferred against the applicant, the Grange cannot legally refuse to grant the same. Sec. 11. Appeal. 1. Any member of a Subordi- nate Grange has the right to appeal from the decision of the Master to the Grange, but if the Grange sus- tains the Master, no appeal to the State Grange can be taken. But if the Grange does not sustain the Master, he (the Master) may appeal from such de- cision of the Grange; or if the Master refuses to obey the decision of the Grange, the Grange may by a majority vote appeal from such action to the Mas- ter of the State Grange. 2. During the pendency of any appeal, the decis- ion of the Master is supreme law of the Grange, and is to be respected as such until the same has been overruled by the Master of the State Grange. Sec. 12. Trials. All trials shall be conducted in accordance with the rules and regulations recom- mended by National Grange. (See Digest.) Sec. 13. Amendments. These By-Laws may be amended or revised at any meeting of the State Grange, by a two-thirds vote of its members present. POMONA GRANGE 57 BY-LAWS FOR Pomona Granges ARTICLE I— TITLE. Section 1. This organization shall be known as the Pomona Grange, No. , Patrons of Husbandry of Washington. ARTICLE II — RELATION TO NATIONAL AND STATE GRANGES. Section 1. In all acts, this Grange shall be subject to and controlled by the Constitution and By-Laws of the National and State Granges, so far as they may apply. Sec. 2. It shall be the duty of this Grange to exercise a general oversight of the educational and business interests of the Order, and have a care for the welfare of orphans and worthy, needy members of the order in its jurisdiction. ARTICLE III— MEMBERSHIP. Section 1. The membership shall be composed of fifth degree members duly affiliated, and then duly elected and initiated from the fourth degree members of Subordinate Granges within this jurisdiction, who are recommended by the Master and Secretary of their respective Granges. ARTICLE IV— FEES AND DUES. Section 1. The fees for membership shall be — — - for brothers and for sisters. 58 BY-LAWS Sec. 2. The dues shall be per quarter in ad- vance, for each member. ARTICLE V— MEETING. Section 1. This Grange shall hold its regular an- nual meeting on the day of : each year. Sec. 2. It shall hold its regular quarterly meet ings on the of the months of . Sec. 3. Special meetings may be called by the Master and Secretary. Sec. 4. Whenever any meeting of this Grange is to be held, the Secretary shall give at least days’ notice of the same to the Secretaries of the Subordinate Granges in its jurisdiction. ARTICLE VI— QUORUM. Section 1. Seven members shall constitute a quorum for the transaction of business. ARTICLE VII— OFFICERS. Section 1. The officers of this Grange shall be the same in number, and of the same name as in the State and Subordinate Granges, and shall per- form the same duties. They shall be elected and installed at the regular annual meeting, and shall hold their office for one year or until their succes- sors are duly installed. Sec. 2. At the expiration of their term of office, all officers shall deliver to their successors in office all moneys, books, papers and property belonging to said office. ARTICLE VIII— EXECUTIVE COMMITTEE. Section 1. The Executive Committee of this Grange shall consist of four members, to which shall POMONA GRANGE 59 be added the Master and Secretary as ex-officio mem- bers. Sec. 2. The members of this Committee shall hold their office for two years, two of whom shall be elected at the annual meeting in each year; pro- vided, that at the first annual election two of the members of this Committee shall be elected for only one year. Sec. 3. They shall attend to the general business of this Grange, and have a general supervision over the affairs of the Grange during its recess. They shall instruct the Secretary in regard to disburse- ments and attend to such other duties as may be im- posed by the By-Laws. Sec. 4. At each annual meeting the Committee shall make a full and complete report of all their transactions during the year. ARTICLE IX— COMMITTEES. Section 1. All committees shall consist of three members, to be appointed, two by the Master and one by the Overseer, unless otherwise ordered. Sec. 2. At each annual meeting there shall be ap- pointed the following Standing Committees, to-wit: A Committee on Credentials. A Committee on By-Laws. A Committee on Finance. A Committee on Good of the Order. A Committee on Charity. ARTICLE X— DIMITS. Section 1. Any member in good standing shall be entitled to a Dimit on application and the payment of a fee of twenty-five cents. 60 BY-LAWS ARTICLE XI— AMENDMENTS. Section 1. These By-Laws may be altered or amended at any regular meeting of the Grange by a two-thirds vote of the members present; provided, notice to amend shall have been given in writing at some former regular meeting. Adopted by Pomona Grange, No. — — , on the — day of , A. D. 19— T) SUBORDINATE GRANGE 61 BY-LAW 5 FOR Subordinate Granges ARTICLE |— NAME OF GRANGE AND TIMES OF MEETING. Section 1. The name of this Grange is Grange, No. , of the Patrons of Husbandry of Washington. Sec. 2. This Grange will hold regular meetings on the and of each month, begin- ning at the hour of in the noon. Sec. 3. Special meetings may be called by the Grange at a meeting previous or by the Master. Due notice of each of such meetings shall be given by the Secretary by postal card addressed to the head of each family represented in the Grange. No business shall be transacted at such meetings unless specified in the call. Sec. 3. Receiving applications or balloting for candidates, granting dimits, preferring charges, elec- tion of officers, suspension or expulsion of members can only be done at a regular meeting. ARTICLE II— ELECTIONS. Section 1. All elections other than to member- ship, shall be by written ballot, and it shall require a majority of all votes cast to elect. Sec. 2. No nominations for office shall be made, but each Patron may vote for his or her choice. Af- 62 BY-LAWS ter the first ballot has been announced, if there is no election, the Master shall announce that the next ballot will be taken on the names of the three re- ceiving the greatest number of votes. After the second ballot, if there still be no election, the Mas- ter will announce that but the two who received the greatest number of votes will be candidates. ARTICLE III— DUES. Section 1. Each member shall pay quarterly the sum of cents at the first meeting in January, April, July and October of each year. Sec. 2. No member shall be entitled to any letter or certificate of recommendation or dimit or other paper from this Grange to the Pomona or other Grange unless his dues are paid up to the beginning of the next quarter. ARTICLE IV— STANDING COMMITTEES. Section 1. The Standing Committees of this Grange shall consist of an Executive Committee and Committees on Finance, Woman’s Work, and Relief. The Executive Committee shall consist of three members and the Master and Secretary, who shall be ex-officio members. It shall be elected by ballot at the first regular meeting in January of each year. The other committees shall be appointed by the newly installed Master and shall serve for one year. Sec. 2. The Executive Committee shall have gen- eral oversight of the business of the Grange during the interval between the meetings. Sec. 3. The Finance Committee shall consist of three members, and it shall be their duty to inspect and approve all bills and accounts after they have SUBORDINATE GRANGE 63 been read in open Grange and before being paid. They shall examine the books and vouchers of the Secretary and the Treasurer and report the financial conditon of the Grange twice each year at last meet- ings of January and July of each year. Sec. 4. The Woman’s Work Committee shall have charge of the Hall and have general care over all schemes of decoration. And such other duties as shall be deemed of interest in promoting the beauty of the hall and increasing the attendance at meetings of the Grange. Sec. 5. The Relief Committee shall consist of the Chaplain and two other members to be appointed by the Master. At least one member shall be a brother. It shall be their duty to visit all members who are sick, making them as comfortable as circumstances will permit, and shall have power to call upon other members of the Grange to assist when necessary. ARTICLE V— BALLOTING. Section 1. Balloting for candidates for member- ship can only be done at a regular meeting. When the Master instructs the Steward to prepare the ballot box, he shall announce the name of the can- didate to be balloted for. Each candidate must be balloted for separately. Sec. 2. The Steward will first present the box to the Master for inspection, afterwards to the Over- seer. When both have seen that it is ready for the ballot, with enough white and black ballots, he will place it on the Altar. Sec. 3. The Master will rise and say: “We are about to ballot on the name of Mr. or Mrs. for membership in this Grange. No one should per 64 BY-LAWS mit a personal prejudice to influence his action but at all times remember your obligation. White bal- lots elect and black ballots reject.” Master calls up. At the first note of a march at the piano the A. S. and L. A. S. pass up the hall to the right and left of the altar, and to a point four feet beyond it. They should stand facing in, four feet apart, with their staves crossed. Pomona immediately passes down under the cross ed staves to the left of the altar, ballots, and then proceeds to a point in front of the O. and within the line of chairs of the A. S. and L. A. S., turns square- ly to the right for a few steps (governed by the size of the hall) then to the right again and returns to her station. Pomona is closely followed by those at her right down to, but not including the O. (As Pomona re- turns to her station she should fall in line behind the line of marching Patrons, or, if the size of the hall permits, on the outside of that line). Each Patron should pause before the crossed staves until the preceding Patron has balloted. As the last one in Pomona’s line is pausing before the A. S. and L. A. S. the O. may pass up the hall to the right, turn to the left at a point that will bring him half way between Ceres and the A. S. and L. A. S. where he makes a second turn to the left, passes under the staves, and to the left of the altar, ballots, proceeds to a point in front of the Overseer’s station and with- in the line of the chairs of the A. S. and L. A. S., turns squarely to the right for a few steps (govern- ed by the size of the ha^), then to the right again and around the hall until he reaches his station. RULES OF ORDER 65 The O. is followed by all on his right, balloting in same manner as the first line. When all have voted the Steward will present the ballot box to the Overseer for inspection and then to the Master. Upon opening the box the Master will report the ballot clear or not clear as the case may be, and destroy the condition of the ballot. ARTICLE VI— AMENDMENTS. These By-Laws may be amended at any regular meeting of the Grange, provided that notice in writ- ing has been given of the intentiori to amend at a previous meeting. A majority of all present must vote in favor of such proposed amendment, and the vote shall be taken by ayes and noes or by a division. 66 RULES OF ORDER RULL5 OF ORDER OPENING. 1. Precisely at the stated hour, the Master, or in his absence the Overseer, shall take the chair and give the gavel signal for order. When this is heard each officer and member will promptly take proper station and be silent. If a quorum is present the Grange will then be opened in due form. 2. After the outside gate is ordered closed no per- son should be admitted until the Grange has been declared open. 3. Should there be vacancies in the chair offices, the Master shall proceed to make pro tempore ap- pointments, who shall serve until the regular incum- bent enters or until tne close of the meeting. ORDER OF BUSINESS. 1. The Order of Business should be closely fol- lowed, but, if circumstances seem to render it im- perative that some business be done out of its order the rules may be suspended by a two-thirds vote of all members present. RULES OF DECORUM. 1. No question shall be stated by the cnair unless moved and seconded, nor shall it be open for con- sideration unless stated by the chair. 2. When a question is before the Grange no mo- RULES OF ORDER 67 tion shall be received except the following which shall have precedence in the order here given. a. To proceed to close. • b. To lay on the table. c. The previous question. d. To postpone. e. To refer. f. To amend. 3. Since a Grange cannot close except in due form the proper motion to make when it is desired that the meeting shall be brought to a close, is: “Worthy Master, I move that the Grange now proceed to close.” Should this motion prevail the Master will then accost the Overseer in the form set forth in the Manual as to close of business. 4. The motion to lay on the table is to suspend all consideration of the question during the pleasure of the Grange. If it be moved on the main question all amendments go with it. If moved on an amend- ment then the main question goes to the table also. When the question is again called up, which can be at any meeting until disposed of, it comes before the Grange in precisely the same form as it was previous to being laid upon the table. It is not debatable. 5. When the Grange seems to have heard all sides of a question fully, it is sometimes desirable to close debate and take a vote on the question before it. This is done by a motion as follows: “Worthy Mas- ter, I move the previous question.” Should the motion have five seconds it shall be immediately put by the Master, and if a majority vote in favor, all debate shall at once close and the Master at once put 68 RULES OF ORDER the question before the Grange. If there are any amendments pending the vote shall be upon them in order and then upon the main question, but no further debate can be allowed either on the amend- ments or the main question. 6. Should it seem desirable to postpone action on a question a motion to postpone to a certain time may be made. No debate can be had upon this ques- ; on except as to time to which it is proposed to postpone. It may be amended to provide for a differ- ent time. 7. Any question may be referred to a committee for consideration and future report except those stated under Rule 2. 8. A question may be amended, but not more than two propositions to amend can be before the Grange at the same time. If there should be a motion to amend the amendment pending and neither seems to meet the required end a motion will be in order to substitute other matter, in the following form: “W. M., I move as a substitute for the various ques- tions,” etc. 9. A motion to indefinitely postpone a question is in effect the direct opposite of a motion for the previous question, as it tends to open the whole subject to discussion. This motion cannot be amended but may be debated in every form which will tend to throw light on the question. This motion cannot be reconsidered if lost, and if carried removes the whole matter from consideration unless reconsidered. 10. Any member may call for a division of the question when the sense thereof will permit. RULES OP ORDER 69 11. After a question has been decided a member who voted with the prevailing side may move for its reconsideration, at the same or next meeting of the Grange. But the question itself cannot be dis- cussed until it has been reconsidered. Should the Grange vote in favor of such motion the Master will then state the question just as it was voted and say: “The matter is now before the Grange.” The ques- tion is then in position to be passed, rejected or amended just as though it were originally before the Grange. 12. No member shall speak more than once upon a subject until every other member who desires shall have had an opportunity to be heard, but the chair- man or spokesman for a committee may make final speech upon any matter reported therefrom before vote is taken. 13. A member desiring to speak shall, after rec- ognition by the chair, confine himself to the ques- tion and avoid personality. Should more than one member rise the Worthy Master shall determine who is entitled to the floor. 14. The Master or any member may call another who is speaking to order, whereupon the debate shall be suspended and the brother or sister shall remain silent unless to appeal from the decision of the chair, when he or she may use the following words: “Worthy Master, I respectfully appeal from the decision of the chair to the Grange.” Where- upon the Grange shall proceed to vote upon the ques- tion: “Shall the decision of the chair be sustained by tne Grange?” When a member has been called to order for the manifestation of personal or improper 70 RULES OF ORDER feeling he or she shall not be allowed to speak again upon that subject at that meeting, except to apologize. 15. All motions or resolutions offered in the Grange shall be reduced to writing if requested. 16. The first person named on a committee shall be the chairman, but the committee may elect an- other if it so desires, v/hen committees have been appointed and before separating the chairman shall call the other members together and they shall make arrangements for a meeting for committee purposes. Committees are required to meet and attend to mat- ters submitted to them with system and regularity and not by separate consultation and in a loose and indefinite manner. 17. The Master shall be ex-officio a member of all committees and may meet and consult with them, without voting, however, and urge them to action. In the appointment of committees the Master, who should ever preserve a courteous and conciliatory deportment to all, not overlooking the humblest mem- ber, has many opportunities for bringing merit into notice and of testing and making available the ca- pacities of members around him. He should care- fully avoid both petulancy and favoritism, and act with strict impartiality. FIRE RELIEF ASSOCIATION 71 Selected Sections from Constitution and By-laws of Washington Fire Relief Association ORGANIZED OCTOBE.R 1, 1893 CONSTITUTION PREAMBLE. Whereas, co-operation for mutual benefit and pro- tection is an economical mode of doing business, and the present rates of insurance against loss by fire are higher than necessary, we hereby mutually agree, for the purpose of effecting insurance of our prop- erty, that we will pay such proportionate sums as shall be necessary therefor, and for the purpose of mutually binding ouselves to such ageement, we each subscribe to the following Constitution and By-Laws: ARTICLE I NAME AND MEMBEi SHIP. Section 1. The name of this Association shall be The Washington Fire Relief Association. Sec. 2 . The business of the association shall be confined to members in good standing of the Patrons of Husbandry who are affiliated with a Subordinate Grange in the State of Washington or in the State of Idaho. Sec. 3. Any member who ceases to be a member in 72 CONSTITUTION good standing in the Order of Patrons of Husbandry thereby terminates his membership in this Associa- tion and forfeits all the rights of a member. Sec. 4. Membership may also be terminat- ed in either of the following manners: Voluntary withdrawal and surrender of cer- tificate; expiration of certificate; annulment of certificate for any of the following reasons, such an- nulment to be made by the order of the Board of Directors, (1) for any fraud prejudicial to the as- sociation on the part of the member in obtaining such certificate; (2) on account of any change in the condition or situation of the property whereby its risk has been increased, provided, whenever possible the member shall have the right to make new or amended application to fit the altered facts; (3) for acts of negligence suffered or persisted in, on the part of a member in violation of the regulations of the association; (4) insolvency of a member oc- curring subsequent to the date of his certificate; (5) for the sale of the property when the same is real estate without securing the consent of the Directors to the transfer, as provided in the By-Laws. ARTICLE II. — MANAGEMENT. Section 1. The management of the affairs of this Association shall be vested in a Board of Directors, not less than seven in number or more than fifteen, provided that during the interim between meetings of the Board of Directors any necessary business may be transacted by an Executive Committee as herein provided. Sec. 2. All of the territory embraced in the State FIRE RELIEF ASSOCIATION 7: of Washington shall be divided into fifteen districts, each of which shall be entitled to elect one member of the Board of Directors, provided, that none of such districts shall elect such Director until there first has been received and accepted at least $50,000 in insurance risks from such district. Sec. 7. The elections for members of the Board of Directors shall De held on the third Tuesday in April as follows: In odd numbered districts the elections shall be held in odd numbered years, and in even numbered districts the elections shall be held in even numbered years. ARTICLE III DIRECTORS’ MEETINGS. Section 1. The annual meeting of the Board of Di- rectors shall be held during the month of June at such time and place as the Board shall have de- termined upon at its previous meeting, provided that if the Board shall fail to so designate it shall be the duty of the Executive Committee so to do and to notify the members of the Board at least twenty days previous thereto. Sec. 5. The officers of the Board shall constitute an Executive Committee with full powers of the Board when that body is not in session, save in cases where the Board has otherwise directed. Sec. 6. The Board of Directors shall have the management of the affairs of the Association and shall be its authorized agents. It shall have the power to accept and reject fire risks, to annul cer- tificates for cause shown, to adjust payment of losses and levy assessments to pay for the same; to invest the funds of the Association, and to transact all busi- ness for which this Association is formed. 74 CONSTITUTION ARTICLE VI APPEALS. Section 1. Whenever two or more members of the Board of Directors shall feel that any action taken by the Board is detrimental to the best interests of the Association they may have the whole matter sub- mitted to the membership, whose action shall be final. In moving for a referendum they shall file with the Secretary a brief statement of their views of the matter in not more than one hundred words. Sec. 2. It shall be the duty of the Secretary, upon receipt of the motion for referendum and the ac- companying statement to formulate briefly the action taken or sought to be taken, together with the rea- sons therefor, in not more than one hundred words, and submit both statements to each member of the Association asking a vote for or against the action of the Board. Said referendum shall designate a day not later than which the votes shall be received and tabulated. It shall be the duty of the Secretary to call upon one of the objectors to assist him in tabulating and counting the vote. A majority of the votes received on said question shall govern the Board in its final disposition of said question. ARTICLE VII DISTRICT DIRECTORS. Section 1. It shall be the duty of each Director to conserve the interests of the Association in the district in which he resides, and for that purpose he is charged with the following duties: (a) To appoint one agent for each Grange in said district. (b) To appoint an additional agent when request- ed so to do by vote of any Grange. FIRE RELIEF ASSOCIATION 75 (c) To require of each agent a strict compliance with the rules and regulations of the Association and, when necessary, to remove an agent by revoking his appointment and to make others instead. (d) He shall cause to be furnished to each agent suitable literature setting forth the plans and the benefits of the Association. (e) He shall see that each agent has sufficient application blanks for his needs. (f) He shall carefully examine and record each application for membership and insurance received, and may return the same for correction. (g) If, after examination, he finds that the appli- cant has complied with the rules and regulations of the Association he shall approve the same and for- ward to the Secretary together with sufficient money to cover the charges set forth in the By-Laws. (h) He shall call all meetings of the members within his district, fixing the time and place when not otherwise fixed, and shall call the meeting 10 or- der, make a report of the object and purposes of the meeting and call for the election of a chairman to preside over the meeting. (i) The Director, in company with the agent and one other disinterested member of the local Grange who is a member of this Association, shall consti- tute an Adjustment Board for the adjustment of any losses in the territory covered by said Grange. Pro- vided, that in case of a loss by an agent or by the Director, the other, together with two disinterested members of the association and Grange, shall oe the Adjusting Committee. Sec. 2 . When an application shall have been ap- 76 BY-LAWS proved by a Director the same shall be in force until revoked or suspended by the Board of Directors or the Executive Committee. BY-LAW5 SECTION I RISKS AND CLASSIFICATIONS. 1. The Association agrees to insure its members against losses by fire or lightning upon property con- fined to the following classes: CLASS NO. 1. — Farm houses, barns and other farm buildings, while used or occupied by the owner, so situated that no building in which fire is kept or used is within seventy feet of the property insured, contents of such buildings when specified in the ap- plication; and farm live stock. The entry fee in Class 1 shall be one-fifth of one per centum. CLASS NO. 2. — The same kinds of property as are set forth in Class 1, but so situated that no build- ing in which fire is used or kept is within fifty feet of the property insured; also, buildings of members located in cities or towns having good fire protection, provided it is so situated that it is distant more than seventy feet from any barn or building in which fire is kept or used. Also live stock of members kept in such cities or towns whiie kept in property which would be insurable in this Association. The entry fee in Class 2 shall be one-fourth of one per centum. CLASS NO. 3. — This class shall comprise the same FIRE RELIEF ASSOCIATION 77 kinds of property insurable in Class 1, but so situat- ed that no building in which fire is kept shall be near- er than thirty-five feet of the property insured; also buildings owned by members but occupied by tenants, or buildings occupied by two or more families. The entry fee in this class shall be three-tenths of one per centum. CLASS NO. 4. — Grange stores and contents; halls and contents; country school houses and contents, and country churches and contents; each so situated that no building in which fire is kept shall be within sixty feet, and provided further that in each case a majority of the governing body of the property in- sured shall be and remain Patrons of Husbandry in good standing. The entry fee in Class 4 shall be four-tenths of one per centum. CLASS NO. 5. — All property embraced in Class 4 so situated that no building in which fire is used within forty feet of the property insured. Also dwellings in towns or cities having good fire protec- tion occupied by two or more families, country stores (contents not insurame), country repair shops and contents, provided that in each of these cases no building in which fire is used shall be within sixty feet of the property to be insured. Also fruit and hop dryers and contents, creameries and machinery, feed mills and machinery. Also grain in stack when situated at least one hundred and fifty feet from any building in which fire is kept or used and rurther protected by a fire break at least fifty feet wide. The entry fee in this class shall be three-fifths of one per centum. Any risk where a stove-pipe or terra cotta is used in place of a 78 BY-LAWS chimney shall be classed as No. 5 risk, and shall pay the rates of such class, provided; that no risk shall be accepted in any class, where such stove-pipe or terra-cotta passes through an unoccupied garret. 2. A hog pen, wood shed or privy, in which no fire is kept or similar building where no hay or straw is stored is not deemed a building within the meaning of these By-Laws. A milk house, even though detached or partially so, where no fire is kept when used by the family occupying the house for domestic purposes, shall be deemed to be a part of the house for purposes of relief. No building used for fruit or hop drying will be allowed within sixty feet of the property insured nor within one hundred feet if more than eight by twelve feet in size. No cloth ceiling except over solid wood will be allowed in any building. 3. In addition to the entry fees stipulated above the applicant shall pay the agent not more than two dollars for his work in visiting the premises, making the survey and writing the application, which sum shall oe payment in full for the work of such agent. 4. Assessments shall be pro rata among the mem- bers with reference to the relief, and the percentage paid by them respectively. 5. No certificate will be issued for more than two- thirds of the estimated cash value of any property, and in case of total loss not more than two-thirds of the actual value of the property at the time of the loss will be paid, and in no case will more tnan the actual loss be paid by the Association; and this Association will not be liable for loss happening by FIRE RELIEF ASSOCIATION 79 means of an invasion, insurrection, riot, or of any military or usurped power. 11. In case of a loss the loser shall notify the agent within twenty-four hours, if possible, and the agent of the Grange shall notify the Director of his district immediately. 12. The Director, agent and other member who shall constitute the local adjustment board shall have authority to take testimony if deemed necessary by it. They shall notify the Secretary of their findings, but if they cannot agree they shall refer the matter to the Board of Directors, whose decision shall be final. 14. When an assessment has been ordered the Secretary shall at once notify each member of the amount levied against his property, which shall be pro rata of the whole amount to be collected based upon his classification. 15. Each member shall pay the whole amount due to the agent of his Grange within thirty days and the agent shall transfer the same to the Secretary without unnecessary delay. It becomes the duty of the agent to be present at the meetings of the Grange for the purpose of receiving such assessment. 16. If such assessment is not paid after thirty days’ notice by mail an action may be brought there- for against such defaulting member and this By-Law expressly authorizes the President to bring such ac- tion in his name for the other members, and it is hereby agreed that in such action such defaulting party will not plead a non-joinder of parties, but permit judgment to be entered, notwithstanding all parties are not joined in such action. 80 BY-LAWS 18. The Association requires of its members strict conformity to the following regulations: To give true information to each question printed on appli- cation blank; to adjust all stoves and pipes so as not to come in contact wdth wood or any combustible material; stovepipes passing through ceiling or par- titions shall be secured by metal safes and be at least two and one-half inches from wood; metal safes with two circles of metal not less than two and one-half inches apart, with air space between, will be allowed instead of brick chimneys; no risk shall be accepted in any class, where a stovepipe or terra-cotta passes through an unoccupied garret. All ashes shall be kept at least sixty feet from the property insured ex- cept that wood ashes which are not stored must be distributed upon the ground at safe distances from the property insured. A neglect to observe any of the above regulations will make void the certificate of the offending member. Price Lii 3 0112 072358671 4.00 .40 .25 .20 Manuals, per set of 13. $2.75 Manuals, each . : Grange Melodies, per dozen Grange Melodies, each. . . . . . .'. . Digests, each . . . . ......... .... . ... Dues Receipt Book ............ Labor Saving Minute Book . . 1.75 Secretary’s Record Book.. .40 Treasurer’s Account Book 40 Treasurer’s Receipt Book. ... .25 Dues Account Book.. 50 Roll Book 15 Sargent’s Combined Dues Account and Roll Book .65 Warrant Book ........ .25 Dimit Blanks, per dozen. ... .10 Constitution and By-Laws, each. 05 By-Laws, per dozen 50 Application Blanks for Pomona, per dozen ...... .10 Application Blanks for Pomona, per hundred. . . . .40 Application Blanks for Subordinate Granges free Literature (send for samples) .free Notices of Election to Membership .25 Notices of Suspension 25 Grange Seal, plain v . 2.25 Grange Seal, with emblem . 4.00 All orders should be accompanied by cash, and they should have the seal of the Grange attached. FRED. W. LEWIS, ‘ • : • . \\ ■■ •- Secretary.