GENERAL INFORMATION AS TO THE EAST AFRICA PROTECTORATE. ISSUED BY THE OVERSEA SETTLEMENT OFFICE, 59, VICTORIA STREET, LONDON, S.W. 1. Office hours, 10 a.m, to 5 p.m. ; Saturdays, 10 a.m. to 1.30 p.m. LONDON: • PRINTED UNDER THE AUTHORITY OF HIS MAJESTY’S STATIONERY OFFICE. PUBLISHED BY HIS MAJESTY’S STATIONERY OFFICE, To be purchased through any Bookseller or directly from H.M. STATIONERY OFFICE at the following addresses : Imperial House, Kingsway, London, W.C. 2, and 28, Abingdon Street, London, S.W. 1 ; 37, Peter Street, Manchester ; 1, St. Andrew’s Crescent, Cardiff V 23, Forth Street, Edinburgh ; or from E. PONSONBY, Ltd,, 11(5, Grafton Street, Dublin. 1919. Price 6d. Net . F=* Revised Edition . FOR OFFICIAL USE. GENERAL INFORMATION AS TO THE EAST AFRICA PROTECTORATE. ISSUED BY THE OVERSEA SETTLEMENT OFFICE, 59, VICTORIA STREET, LONDON, S.W. 1. Office hours, 10 a.m. to 5 p.m. ; Saturdays, 10 a.m. to 1.30 p.m. LONDON: PRINTED UNDER THE AUTHORITY OF HIS MAJESTY’S STATIONERY OFFICE. PUBLISHED BY HIS MAJESTY’S STATIONERY OFFICE. To be purchased through any Bookseller or directly from H.M. STATIONERY OFFICE at the following addresses : Imperial House, Kingsway, London, W.C. 2, and 28, Abingdon Street, London, S.W. 1 ; 37, Peter Street, Manchester ; 1, St. Andrew’s Crescent, Cardiff ; 23, Forth Street, Edinburgh ; or from E. PONSONBY, Ltd., 116, Grafton Street, Dublin. 1919. Price 6d. Net . 11 TABLE OF CONTENTS. PAGE Delimitation and Area of East Africa Protectorate 1 Description 1 Administration and Taxation... 1 Climatic Conditions 2 Health 3 Prospects for Settlers 5 Native Inhabitants and Labour 7 Domestic Servants 7 Mining ... ... ... ... 8 Grazing Land 8 Cattle 9 Horses and Mules ... ... 9 Sheep 10 Goats 11 Pigs 11 Ostriches... ... 11 Poultry 11 Agriculture ... ... ... 11 Crops 12, 15 Oil Seeds 15 Forests 15 Grants of Timber 16 Buildings, Building Materials, and Tools 17 Water and Water Bights ... 17 Cost of Living ... ... ... 18 House Accommodation, etc. ... 18 PAGE Hotel Accommodation 18 Shipping — Free passages within the Empire ... ... ... 18 Passages and Landing Agents... 19 Uganda Bailway 20 Clothing and Outfit 21 Sports 22 Arms, etc. 22 Sporting Licences 23 Boads 23 Inland Travel away from Bail- way ... ... ... ... 23 List of Exports and Imports 24, 25 Currency and Banks ... ... 25 Postal and Telegraphic Infor- mation 26 Beligious Denominations ... 27 Education 27 Immigration Begulations Land Acquisition 28 Books of Beference (Appendix A) 30 Tables of Import Duties and Exemptions (Appendix B) ... 31 Table of Export Duties (Appen- dix C) 34 Notes on Land (Appendix D) ... 34 Bainfall (Appendix E) ... 37, 38 INDEX. Administration PAGE 1 Agricultural implements 21 Agriculture 11 & Forests, Department of 16 Ammunition, carriage on ship board 23 Area 1 Arms 22 Banks 25 Barley 12 Beans 12 Bicycles ... 23 Books of reference 30 Building 17 materials 17 Cables 26 'Capital ... 6 Cattle 9 Citrus Fruit 14 Clerks 5 Climate ... 2 Clothing 21 Blubs 22 Coconuts 13 Coffee 12 Cost of living 18 Crops ... . ... *12, ,15 Crown Grants 28 Lands Ordinance ... 34 Fees PAGE 2 Fishing 22 Flax 15 Forests 15 Fruits 14 Foodstuffs 18 Game 23 Regulations 23 Goanese 18 Goats H Gold 8 Graphite ... 8 Grazing land . 8 Health 3 Highlands 2 Horses, mules & ponies... Hospitals 9 4 Hotels 18 House accommodation ... 18 Immigration regulations 27 Imports 25 Indiarubber, export duty on 34 Indians ... 7 Inland travel 23 Irrigation 17 Ivory, export duty on ... 34 Kabete Agricultural Farm 6 Dentists 4 Description 1 Domestic servants ... ... 7 Duties ... ... ... ... 2 Export 24 Import, table of 25 ,, exemptions ... 31 Education .». ... ... 27 Estate Duty Ordinance ... 2 Exchange, rate of ... ... 26 Exports ... 24 Ex-service men, land settle- ment scheme ... ... ... 29 Ex-service men, free passages for 19 Farming 6 Mixed ... ... ... 6 Stock ... ... ... 6 Farms, Government 6 Labour, Native ... 7 Land acquisition 28 Crown grants of 28 Nativeowned 29 Notes on ... 34 Purchase of 29 Language HO Books of reference 30 Laundry ... 18 Laws 2 Licences 2 Game 23 Prospectors’ 8 Shootiug 23 Trading 2 Lowlands 2 Maize 12 Malaria ... 4 Maps 31 Masters & Servants Ordinance 7 IV Medical PAGE 4 chest 4 Mica 8 Mining 8 Money orders 26 Motors 23, 33 Native servants, registration fees 2 Inhabitants 7 Labour 7 Lands 29 Northern Frontier District ... 2 Oats 12 Oil Seeds 15 Ostriches ... ... 11 Outfit 21 Peas ... 12 Pigs 11 Poll tax ... 2 Population 1 Postal information 26 Potatoes 14 Poultry 11 Provinces 2 Railway fares 20 produce rates 21 Uganda 20 Religions 27 Rest-houses 18 PAGE Rice ... 14 Roads ... 23 Rubber ... 15 Sanatorium, Scott ... 4 Saw mills ... 16 Seasons ... 3 Settlers, prospects for . . . ... 5 Sheep ... 10 Shipping ... 18 Sisal ... 13 Soda ... 8 Spirits, duty on ... ... 2 Sports ... 22 Sugar ... 14 Taxation ... 2 Telegraphs ... 26 Timber 15, 16 free grants of ... 16 Town plots ... 29 Township rates ... ... 29 Transport 20, 23 Uganda Railway ... 20 Wages, farm assistants ... ... 7 Indian servants ... ... 7 Water ... 17 rights ... 17 supply ... 17 Wattle ... 1& Wheat ... 12 EAST AFRICA PROTECTORATE. NOTE.— Conditions in British East Africa are still unsettled, and this handbook should therefore be regarded as pro- visional. For further information application should be made to the Oversea Settlement Office, 59, Victoria Street, London, S.W. 1. Delimitation and Area of East Africa Protectorate. The East Africa Protectorate may be roughly defined as the territories under British protection lying between the East Coast of Africa and Lakes Victoria and Budolf. The coast line extends from the Equator to nearly 5° south. On the north the Protectorate is bounded by Abyssinia, on the east by Italian Somaliland and the Indian Ocean, on the west by Uganda, on the south by what was German East Africa, and on the east by the Indian Ocean. The area of the Protectorate is approximately 239,900 square miles, about twice the area of the British Isles. Description. The East Africa Protectorate is essentially a new country. A few years ago, everything between the coast towns and the Kingdom of Uganda was regarded as a savage wilderness. Now, thanks to the construction of the railway to Uganda, this vast region is well known, and large tracts of agricultural and pastoral lands have been opened up. It has naturally not been possible to complete the organisation of so young a territory on permanent lines within the brief period of its existence, but the introduction of civilisation and order is proceeding rapidly. The Government is doing much to assist the settlers, and the Departments of Agriculture and Forestry have been organised under expert officers to aid the settlers with their experiments and advice. The European population is estimated at about 5,485, of which about one-third lives in Nairobi. The chief port is Mombasa, with the harbour of Kilindini, and a population of about 32,000. Other ports are Kismayu, Lamu, Malindi, and Vanga. Up country the best known stations are Nairobi (the capital), Eldoret, Fort Hall, Nyeri, Naivasha, Nakuru, Mumias, and Kisumu ; the last named is at the head of the Kavirondo Gulf on Lake Victoria, and is the terminus of the railway. The railway station and pier are often called Port Florence. Administration and Taxation. The Protectorate is administered under the Colonial Office by a Governor, with the assistance of an Executive and a (553.) Wt. 15184—55. 3,000. 12/19. J. T. & S., Ltd. G. 14. Sell. 10. Legislative Council, and is divided into seven provinces,, named Jubaland, Tanaland, Seyidie, Ukamba, Kenya, Nai- vasha, and Nyanza. Each of these is in charge of an officer styled Provincial Commissioner, and is divided into districts in charge of District Commissioners. There is also a large tract of country lying to the south of the Abyssinian Boundary which is known as the Northern Frontier District. Laws , duties , taxes , fees, and licences . — English law is administered, supplemented by local Regulations and Ordi- nances and a few applied Indian Acts. All legislation and notices and rules thereunder are published in the Official Gazette. An ad valorem duty of 10 per cent, is collected on most imports, but certain articles are exempted (vide Appendix B). Spirits pay a duty of five rupees per gallon at 50°. Importers must be prepared to submit their original invoices in support of their declaration of value. A number of articles are subject to export duties, mostly ad valorem (see Appendix 0). There is a poll tax on every non-native of £l (Rs.15) per head per annum and an Estate Duty Ordinance was passed in 1918; otherwise there is little direct taxation, no income, house, or land taxes being at present levied. There are, however, certain small fees collected for the registration of guns, and of natives when engaged for periods exceed- ing two months; licences are required for certain trades, such as the sale of alcoholic drinks. Certain of the larger towns, such as Nairobi, Mombasa, Kisumu, etc., impose rates on the householders to cover the cost of the sanitation and lighting of the township. Climatic C onditions . Climatic conditions vary so greatly within short distances that it is almost true to say that every district has a climate of its own, but for general descriptive purposes the Protec- torate may be divided into two distinct climatic sections, viz., the Highlands and the Lowlands. A rough definition of these terms is : the Highlands all that portion of the Protectorate over 4,000 feet above sea level; and the Lowlands — all that portion below this eleva- tion. Following this definition, the Lowlands can be roughly demarcated in two sections: (a) the Coastal Lowlands, viz.: - most of the land between the coast and a line drawn through Sultan Hamud Station on the Uganda Railway parallel to the coast and (l) the Nyanza Lowlands, viz. : — land between the shores of the Victoria Nyanza and a rough circle drawn through Mumias, Fort Ternan Station on the Uganda Railway, and the western foot of the Kisii Mountains. o The Highlands , in which area is Nairobi, the seat of the Government, embrace that portion of the Protectorate which is allotted in grazing and agricultural farms for European colonisation. In spite of the fact that the Equator runs through the centre of this area, the altitude has the effect of producing a climate very similar to a fine English summer. The mean average temperature has been calculated to be 67° F. at 9.0 a.m. and 78° F. at noon. The nights are cool, the temperature sometimes falling to 45° F. in the early morning. Generally speaking, the hottest months are January and February, and the coolest months July to September, but the seasonal variation in mean temperature is very small. The Lowlands , principal towns Mombasa and Kisumu, embrace the portion of the Protectorate more suitable for strictly tropical agriculture. The temperature varies from 72° F. to 88° F. during the daytime and from 70° F. to 75° F. during the night. Although the temperature is not abnormally high during the day, the heat becomes very trying owing to the humidity of the atmosphere and to the fact that very little relief is gained at night. During the hottest season, from January to April, the temperature does not rise much beyond 90° F. in the daytime. The coolest season is from July to October. Highlands and Lowlands. Daylight. — The Protectorate being near the Equator, there is very little variation throughout the year in sunrise and sunset, which are roughly at 6.0 a.m. and 6.0 p.m. For the same reason there is practically no twilight and it is quite dark very shortly after sunset. Seasons. — There is a sharp distinction between the rainy and the dry seasons. During the former rain may be expected constantly, during the latter there is very little rain. The “ big rains ” fall, in the Highlands, during March, April, and May, and in the Lowlands during April, May, and June. The “ little rains ” fall in the Highlands and Lowlands alike during October, November, and December.* In Appendix D tables may be seen of the rainfall of various localities for different months and years. Health. In the Highlands, where dwell the great bulk of the European settlers, and where is situated the capital of the country, Nairobi, the climatic conditions are pleasant and stimulating, and so closely resemble the best parts of an English summer that the resident or visitor is apt to forget that he is living directly on the Equator. He must exercise the same care in his personal and domestic hygiene as if he * Roughly speaking, the best time for the sea voyage from or to the Protectorate is from December to February. 4 was living in a tropical country where the adverse conditions are more apparent and force him to take the necessary precautions. Malaria is prevalent in the country, and the precautionary use of quinine is advisable, especially in the Lowlands. The possibilities of typhoid and dysentery must not be forgotten, and intending settlers are recommended to be inoculated with anti-typhoid serum before coming into the country. Great care should be taken to boil water, and to secure the cleanli- ness of food, absence of flies, and proper domestic sanita- tion. As a general principle a tepid or warm bath should be taken in preference to a cold one. Experience has shown that after a certain length of residence in a tropical climate more risk is run of getting a chill by indulging in a cold water bath than by the habitual use of a hot bath. People should not sit in draughts or sleep on the ground. It is doubtful whether the climate is suitable to European children unless they can have frequent changes to a temperate climate. Nairobi and Mombasa each contain a Government European hospital with staff and nurses available for the unofficial European population. Nairobi possesses, in addition, the Scott Sanatorium, with skilled nursing, and a nursing associa- tion which controls a home with a limited number of beds for maternity cases. The services of trained nurses can occasionally be obtained from Nairobi for nursing in the districts. There are private medical practitioners established at Nairobi, Nakuru, on the Uasin Gishu Plateau, and in the Magadi District; and there are private dentists in Nairobi. In addition, Government Medical Officers are stationed at the following centres : — Mombasa, Lamu, Kismayu, Serenli, Fort Hall, Marsabit, and Kisumu, while most of the out stations are provided with trained Indian hospital assistants. It is, however, advisable that each settler should provide himself with a small supply of remedies and medicines the use of which he knows. As a guide the following list of drugs and dressings is suggested : — Purgative tablets. 1 oz. chlorodyne. 100 tablets phenacetin (uncoated). 200 tablets quinine bi-hydrochloride (uncoated). 100 tablets Dover’s powder. i lb. permanganate of potash. 1 lb. alum. 1 lb. sulphate of soda. 1 pot Hazeline Snow, or similar ointment. 5 1 clinical thermometer. 1 pair scissors. i lb. absorbent wool, t lb. boric lint. 1 oz. gutta-percha tissue, or oiled silk. A few yards of cotton sheeting for bandages. In their report, signed at Nairobi on 21st November, 1918, the Land Settlement Commissioners commented on the climatic conditions as follows: — “ An important matter for consideration by each person who is contemplating settling in the East Africa Protecto- rate is the suitability of the climate for a white race. In respect of this matter the medical faculty hold widely divergent views. Some are of opinion that a frequent change to a temperate climate is essential, while others consider that with ordinary care in living, which means wholesome food, proper housing, and the ordinary pre- cautions which are observed in other tropical climates, there is no reason why a white man should not make a home for himself and his family in this country. This would appear to be borne out by the testimony of many old resident settlers who gave evidence. Only time can prove whether the virility of our race can be maintained without change to a temperate climate.” In a later paragraph of their report the Commissioners again emphasise the necessity for a careful and close con- sideration of the effect of equatorial Africa on the health of the white settler, and they recommend to the perusal of every intending settler the medical evidence placed before them. Prospects for Settlers. In the absence up to date of any rich finds of minerals or precious stones the development of the country depends solely upon the products of the soil. The great strides in this development made in recent years have improved trade in every branch, with the result that there are a few open- ings for shopkeepers, shop-assistants, accountants, clerks, skilled artisans and mechanics, and qualified surveyors. Persons without capital or previous experience of the Pro- tectorate are strongly advised not to go to East Africa unless they have the certainty of continued employment for at least sufficient time to enable them to look round and judge in which direction they can most profitably direct their energies. Young men going to the Protectorate to engage in clerical or other work confining them to the towns are advised to communicate with the Secretary of the Y.M.C.A. in Nairobi, who will give very useful information as to lodgings. The experiments carried out on the Government experi- mental farms and by settlers in various parts of the Protec- 6 torate have shown that several branches of farming both agricultural and pastoral can be carried on with profit. The prospective settler should make careful enquiry before he selects the special branch or branches in which he will invest his capital. With a wide choice the settler would be wise to decide not to put all his eggs into one basket. He will further be guided in his selection by the situation of his farm and facilities for transport. A visit to the Government stock farm at Naivasha, the agricultural farm at Kabete, near Nairobi, or the farm of tropical agriculture at Mazeras, and the advice he will be able to obtain from their respective managers, and from the Director of Agriculture, will be of assistance in helping the settler. Capital is a most important factor, and it cannot be too clearly pointed out that for many years to come East Africa will have to be exploited by the man who will not be ruined by the sudden and unavoidable outbreak of disease amongst his stock, by the depredations of vermin such as lions, leopards, and hysenas, by the inroads of monkeys and baboons, and by the devastations of insects, including locusts and swarms of caterpillars, amongst his grain and fruit trees. *In general it may be said that the most popular crops are: for large investors (£30,000 and upwards), sisal; and for small: sisal, coffee and maize, and recently flax. Other industries, however, such as wheat, sheep, cattle, and mixed farming, may be made profitable. Opinions vary as to the actual amount of capital required, which depends on many factors. One of the most important is the price at which land may be obtained. It must be remembered that the price of land at present is high, that there are diffi- culties in regard to the supply of native labour and that the settlement of those who have recently been allotted land under the Government settlement scheme will absorb for some time the resources of the Protectorate in building material, agricultural implements, etc. In these circumstances, farming in the East Africa Protectorate should not be undertaken by persons without previous local experience unless they have a capital of at least £5,000. Settlers with local experience should have a minimum capital of £l,000 to £l,500 in addition to the cost of land and all passage and incidental expenses, and should also be prepared to rough it. Men without this amount of capital should not go out unless they have obtained definite local employment before sailing. * A publication entitled “ Farming and Planting in British East Africa ” has recently been put on the market by Messrs Newland, Tarlton and Co., Ltd., Nairobi. Copies can be obtained from their London Office at 166, Piccadilly, W. 1. European Farm Assistants . — There is a limited demand for, and a very limited supply of, farm assistants, and an intending settler who contemplates starting as such is strongly advised to obtain an offer of employment before entering the Pro- tectorate ( vide Immigration Reguations, page 31 supra) Wages vary from £10 per month upwards. Native Inhabitants and Labour. The natives are quite friendly in all accessible districts and, in spite of innumerable diversities of languages and dialects, nearly all know a little Swahili, which is the lingua franca of the Protectorate. Skilled native labourers are practically non-existent, and their place is generally taken by the Indian artisan. The ordinary native labourer can, with patience , be taught European farm work, especially if his training commences in early Tife. The main sources from which supplies of labour are drawn by the agriculturalist, the pastoralist, the contractor, and the coast planter, are the Kavirondo, Kikuyu, and Wakamba, all situated in the Highlands, and, in a very much less degree, from the Swahili and the Wateita in the Lowlands. Wanyam* wezi immigrants from the Lake area are employed to some extent. It is understood that in present circumstances the difficulty of obtaining an adequate supply of native labour may prove an obstacle to any increase of European settlement on a large scale. There are about 2,500,000 natives in the Protec- torate, of whom 16 to 18 per cent, are males between the ages of 16 and 30 years. With efficient organisation and control, it is thought that an adequate supply should be forthcoming, but intending settlers are warned that the scarcity of labour is one of the greatest difficulties with which they have to contend. The Masters and Servants Ordinance, 1910, controls the relation between employers and employes and every employer should be conversant with this Ordinance. Domestic Servants. Domestic servants, Indian or African, can be engaged locally. The wages vary, and, since the w'ar, have consider- ably increased, owing to the greater demand for servants. It will also be found that wages are higher in the towns than in the country. A fairly good African House-boy can be employed from about Rs. 15 per mensem, while an African cook requires from Rs. 25 and upwards. The more experienced Goan cooks are paid about Rs. 60 per mensem or more. Almost all good boys and cooks will produce certificates of service when called upon, and, although no standard type of certificate has been laid down, the various opinions of previous 8 employers are of great value. A boy who has “ lost ” his certificates ( u chits ”) will probably need watching. The African native always prefers a short highly-paid job to permanent work at a more moderate rate. It must be remembered that an African has very little difficulty in finding enough food to support life — except in times of famine — and that the fact of his being out of work without visible means of support does not necessarily mean that he will starve. Mining. The mining industry is limited at present. The extensive deposits of sodium carbonate at Lake Magadi are beingworked by the Magadi Soda Company. High grade mica has been discovered in the Machakos District and on the east of Mount Kenya ; it occurs in pegmatite veins intersecting metamorphic rocks. It is being worked in several places, but it is too early to state whether it will become a permanent industry. Indications of gold, silver ore, copper, iron, and graphite have been reported by prospectors, but the prospects have not up to date warranted serious mining. A prospector’s licence (Us. 5) entitles the holder to one claim of the following (a) A gold claim, reef or banket. ( b ) A gold or precious stone claim, alluvial or placer. (c) A precious stone claim, other than alluvial. ( d ) A mineral claim. (e) A coal claim. (f) An oil claim (if a British subject). The mining rules and regulations are published in the Official Gazette of the East Africa Protectorate, dated 1st March, 1912, and 19th May, 1915. Applications should be addressed to the Commissioner of Mines, Mombasa. Grazing Land. Practically all land in the Highlands is suitable for cattle grazing, but the presence of the tsetse fly makes the coast unsuitable for cattle. The herbage varies greatly in different localities ; certain places are adapted for immediate sheep-farming, but the greater portion requires to be well fed down by cattle before becoming suitable for sheep. Continued cropping on systematic lines has the effect of greatly improving the character of the herbage. The value of a pastoral farm largely depends upon its water supply, and although the Government surveyors make every effort to give an equitable supply of water to each surveyed farm, no guarantee of a permanent supply of water can be given, and the settler when selecting his holding should 9 make careful inquiries on the point. If he is doubtful about the permanence of the streams on his holding, he should examine the beds of the streams with a view to locating suitable sites for dams. The carrying capacity of a farm with well distributed water and a rainfall of from 35 to 40 inches should be one bullock to five acres in addition to one sheep to two acres, and as grazing becomes restricted the introduction of such grass, as paspalum dilatum will increase this carrying capacity. Cattle. The climatic and pastoral conditions are particularly favour- able for the rearing and maintenance of stock. A very large area of the land already alienated, and of the land now sur- veyed and awaiting allotment, is mainly suitable for both beef production and dairying. It is estimated that there are over 2,000,000 head of cattle in the Protectorate, of which the great majority are owned by natives, of the Zebu or humped race. A settler wishing to take up stock-farming seriously should be prepared to spend from £2,000 to £3,000 after he has obtained his farm. Good results have been obtained by crossing the native cow with the imported pure-bred bulls, principally shorthorns, Ayrshire and Friesland. The supply of bulls from Government stock farms is on the increase, and in 1918 73 head of pure bred bulls were bought from South Africa, and further purchases are proposed from South Africa, Australia, and Great Britain. Notwithstanding the continued presence of rinderpest and East Coast fever, it is estimated that cattle have increased in numbers. The former disease has run its course through many of the Native Reserves, and the majority of the cattle in these areas are now immune, while in other reserves and on settlers’ farms the disease is being held in check by the use of serum, which is now being produced in large quanti- ties at the Veterinary Laboratory. As regards East Coast fever, the successful results which have been obtained as a result of systematic dipping have shown that this disease is not an insuperable obstacle to successful stock-farming. Research work is carried out at the Pathological Laboratory at Kabete, and several experienced veterinary surgeons are stationed by the Government in various parts of the country. Horses and Mules. Horses and ponies can be kept in the up-country districts, but epidemics of horse-sickness occur from time to time and are very fatal. It is said that the best way to prevent animals from attack is to see that they are kept in a warm 10 dry stable, well looked after, not allowed to graze in the early morning or to eat grass with the dew on it. Ponies have been imported from Somaliland and Abyssinia, and there have also been imported several useful Australian! South African, and Indian country-bred mares, and a few Arab stallions of a good class. The values of horses at the present time are roughly as follows : — The average Somali pony from £20 to £30. East African country-breds from £30 to £60. A good stamp of South African or East African brood mare about £50. A stallion about £80. The natives, especially the Masai and Wakamba, with a little training, make good stable boys, with a wage of from Rs. 10 to Rs. 15 per month. It costs Rs. 81*75 to send a horse in a horse-box by train from Mombasa to Nairobi, and Rs. 112*35 to Nakuru. Other horses, if in the same consignment, are taken at half price. Low- priced horses and ponies, when carried in batches in cattle trucks, are carried at reduced rates, viz. : Rs. 101*37 to Nairobi and Rs. 139*19 to Nakuru per truck. Mules are the most serviceable animals for light agricultural work, and cost about Rs. 300. The native donkey is small, but its cross with a Muscat gives a generally useful animal. The price varies from £3 to £6. All horses imported without certificates are tested with mallein. Sheep. The number of sheep in the Protectorate is estimated at nearly 4,000,000, of which by far the greater proportion are the native sheep, which has hair and not wool, but has proved very susceptible to grading. The wool of the third cross from the native sheep by a merino ram in 1916 obtained Is. 7d. per lb. on the London market, as against lljd. per lb. in pre- war days. The usual method of starting sheep farming is to purchase a flock of native ewes and grade them up with pure-bred merino rams. At the same time, most settlers obtain, either locally or by importation, a few merinos as a nucleus for a pure-bred flock. The local demand for grade mutton at present exceeds the supply. The area of good sheep land in the Protectorate is at present restricted to the Rift Valley, the Masai Reserve, and small areas in other districts where the rainfall is below the general average and the grasses are of finer varieties; but there is no doubt that with constant depasturing with greater herds of stock the coarse and strong grasses now 11 unsuitable for sheep grazing will become fined down and further areas w T ill be rendered fit for pastoral farming. Goats. Goats have not yet attracted much attention. There is a plentiful native supply. It is believed that the Angora goat might be successfully introduced. Pigs. Pigs thrive admirably in the Protectorate ; bacon and ham from the progeny of imported breeds compare favourably with the European products. The industry may now be said to be established, and with the elimination of the Seychelles breed, which was originally introduced, and with the breeding of only the best English breeds, it is anticipated that pig- raising will become a very important accessory branch of farming on many of the holdings, more especially as it is one which can be started with a small capital and from which quick returns can be expected. Ostriches. Experience is everything in regard to ostrich-farming, and the prospective ostrich farmer is strongly advised to have six months’ experience on an ostrich farm before embarking on the undertaking himself. The ostrich is indigenous to the country. A sandy soil in a climate free from too much wet and cold below an elevation of 6,000 feet seems the most suit- able site. Poultry. The native fowl is small but hardy, and can generally be obtained in any part of the country. European fowls are widely distributed and thrive well. Ducks, turkeys, and geese are imported and find a ready sale at profitable prices. Agriculture. Practically all land in the Protectorate is suitable for agriculture, and owing to the diversities of soil almost every farm can be adapted to several branches of agriculture. In most parts of the country the soil is a light chocolate loam of good depth. It will stand crops for three or four years without any artificial help, but is somewhat deficient in phos- phoric acid. On the plains there are large areas of the black cotton soil. Almost every known product of agriculture can be grown In some part or other of the Protectorate, but only experi- ence will determine which will prove the most profitable. All ordinary farm seeds can be obtained locally. Owing to the war agricultural development (has been impeded, and the importation of implements and machinery 12 has been greatly restricted. The curtailment oi shipping and export facilities materially affected certain classes of planters, and arrangements were made under which a fair proportion of coffee beans was shipped. Efforts have since been made to make the country self-supporting as regards products for general consumption, and to stimulate the production of com- modities of economic importance such as sisal and flax. Crops. Wheat . — The crop being somewhat uncertain, settlers as a rule prefer to grow other crops from which more sure returns can be relied upon. Still, in some of the more favoured dis- tricts, such as Njoro, parts of the Machakos District and the Uasin Gishu, the crop continues to be grown, and with better transport facilities there is little doubt that the wheat area, especially on Uasin Gishu, could be extended. Maize . — From returns from the various maize-producing districts the acreage under maize is estimated to be at least 500,000 acres annually, and the average yield in a good season is about 1,200 lb. to the acre. Hickory King variety of maize is chiefly grown by settlers, while the quality of native maize is steadily improving through the issue of good white seed by the Government. Weevils are very prevalent in native grown maize. There is scope in the Protectorate for the production from maize of alcohol as a substitute for petrol. Barley . — On a number of farms in the Plighlands malting barley has been grown very successfully as regards yield and quality; but there is only a very limited local market for this produce, and the cost of transport is against it being exported for malting purposes. Oats . — Many varieties have been experimented with, but so far without success, owing to the presence of rust. The local demand is too limited for oat production to become an industry of any importance in the Protectorate. Beans and Peas . — Selected beans and peas from British East Africa are in demand for sowing in Europe, and also in South Africa, and if only varieties of 95 per cent, purity standard are allowed to be shipped there are prospects of a considerable export industry being established. Beans are also a valuable rotation crop with maize, wheat, flax, potatoes, etc. Coffee . — In the early years of settlement indications from results obtained from trial plots and small plantations pointed to the altitude of from 4.500 to 6,500 feet as being most suit- able for coffee culture of the variety known as Caff ea arahiea , and in and around Nairobi and Kyambu development was rapid; the area under crop at the end of the financial year 13 1914-15 being about 10,000 acres. With the allotment of farms in the Uasin Gishu, Koro, and Songhor districts further development took place, and at the end of 1917 it was estimated that there were 22,000 acres under coffee, of which 8,000 acres were under plants in bearing. The Government employs a Coffee Plant Inspector, who visits the plantations and advises planters. Sisal. — This plant was first introduced in 1902. The results of trials on the coast, in the Midlands, the Highlands, and the Lake zone proved satisfactory as regards growth; while the favourable reports on samples of fibre forwarded to the Imperial Institute indicated that a profitable sisal industry might be developed in the Protectorate. In 1907 large con- signments of bulbils and suckers were imported from German East Africa and from India, for the establishment of plantations, and later a large supply of bulbils was available from the trial plots at the Mazeras and Nairobi Experimental Stations. It- was estimated that the acreage under sisal amounted in April, 1918, to 25,000 acres, and owing to the high prices paid in the home market during the war large areas of virgin land in the Highlands have now been ploughed and planted. Under pre-war conditions as regards sea freights, etc., it was proved that at from £25 to £30 a ton in London the industry is a profitable one, and with improvements in decor- ticating machinery and the methods of cultivation it is con- sidered that profits can be made even at lower prices. Owing, however, to the heavy capital expenditure involved in the growing of sisal, and the establishment of the necessary decorticating machinery, the industry is better suited to a company with considerable capital rather than to the ordinary settler. The area of land in the Protectorate suitable for sisal culture is very large, and its further development is mainly a question of capital and available labour. Coconuts . — A large part of the coast belt is out of the range of hurricanes, and much of it has good natural advantages of soil and climate for coconut-growing. It is estimated that there are about 500,000 bearing coconut nalms in the coast zone. Extensive planting has been done by private enter- prise during the last few years, but its progress is being retarded by the ravages of the coconut beetle and the tapping of the trees for tembo by natives. Legislation has been enacted for the protection of the coconut industry, but has not yet become operative. Wattle. — For several years past the establishment of wattle plantations in various parts of the Highlands has received B 14 energetic attention, and the industry has been encouraged by the favourable reports received from the Imperial Institute on samples of wattle bark sent from the Protectorate. The area established in wattle in the Protectorate is estimated at 16,000 acres, and suitable factories are urgently needed to deal with the product. From time to time information regard- ing wattle-growing has been given in the annual report of the Department of Agriculture and the Agricultural Journal. Citrus and other fruits— The citrus industry is still in the experimental stage as regards export of the products, and, although the prospects of the industry appear to be good, it is as yet too early to make any definite statements. Pre- cautionary measures have been taken against the introduction of insect and fungus pests. Orange trees bear well in many parts of the Protectorate, and satisfactory reports have been received on selected samples sent to London. Large areas have recently beefi planted out with lemon trees, with a view to the export of concentrated lemon juice 'and citrate of lime. The gross return from citric acid is estimated at rather over £20 per acre, while from citrate of lime it is estimated at about £23 10s. per acre. Sugar . — Attention is being devoted to the possibilities of pro- ducing sugar in the Protectorate, particularly in the Coast Belt, where fully 300,000 acres are available for the purpose. Irrigation would be necessary in the Juba River and Tana River valleys, where the great bulk of the sugar-growing land is situated, and where water would be available from those rivers. Sugar can also be successfully grown in many parts of the Highlands and would prove a profitable industry for the supply of local requirements. Sugar cane-growing has been successfully tried over a wide area in the Protectorate, in particular in the districts of Kibos, Muhoroni, Koru, Donyo Sabuk, Kyambu and Masongaleni. In the Muhoroni district the land is considered to be admirably adapted for sugar-growing, the soil being rich, the tempera- ture high, and the rainfall one of the largest in the Protec- torate. Potatoes . — Potatoes are widely grown and are highly success- ful in the Highlands. They form an important part of the food of the white and Asiatic inhabitants, and are also coming into favour with the natives. The sweet potato is extensively produced from the coast to the Victoria Nyanza. This forms a food for natives throughout the Highlands and lake area, and is also useful for pig food. Bice . — There is room for considerable extension of rice- growing at the mouth of the Umba River, near Vanga, and in 15 the lower parts of the Tana River Valley and the Sabaki V alley. llubber . — The rainfall and humid conditions of the Protecto- rate have not proved sufficiently high for Para rubber in those parts where the tree has been tried, but experiments with this tree are still proceeding. Flax. — The cultivation of flax in East Africa has been most successful, and consignments have commanded very high prices during the war. The industry has now become thoroughly established, and the . areas under cultivation and the consequent output are rapidly increasing. Factories are now becoming more numerous and of larger capacity. Although flax has been found to thrive at lower altitudes, it is generally considered that the best areas suited for the cultivation of flax are those situated between 6,000 and 7,000 feet above sea level. It may well be found that flax is a most suitable crop for the settler who wishes to obtain an early return on his capital, but the price which he will get must depend entirely on the proximity of his land to the factory and to the railway. Oil Seeds (Highlands and Lowlands). The country, especially the Lowlands, is rich in oil seed plants. The chief plants from the seeds of which oil is extracted from the castor oil (Ricinus), sim sim (Sesamum), and ground-nut (Arachis). Forests. The timber forests are nearly all situated in the healthy, extra-tropical climate of the Highlands. Besides a large area of scrub forest, which is useful for fuel purposes, there is an area of about two million acres of timber forest owned by Government and conserved with a view to securing the present and future timber and water supply of the country. The species of the trees on the Highlands of British East Africa are, in the main, the same as in South Africa, and there are in addition certain valuable species, such as Cedar (Juniperus procera), closely resembling the pencil cedar of Virginia; Muzaiti ( Ocotea usambarensis) , a light durable wood which resembles teak, and for which it can be used as a substitute ; Musiga ( Warburgia ugandensis ), a suitable timber for cabinet-making, possessing a handsome dark green, scented heart-wood ; and Muhugu ( Brachylaena liutchinsii) , a durable wood valuable for fence posts and the erection of farm build- b 2 16 ings exposed to the ravages of white ants. At the higher altitudes, there are large areas of bamboo ( Arundinaria alpina ) y which might be used for paper pulp, etc. At the lower alti- tudes and on the coast the forests contain many hard-wood trees, and in the scrub forests mentioned above an ebony ( Dalbergia melanoxylon) of good quality is found in considerable quantities. Timber available for sale in the State forests is marked and sold, section by section, to those who require it. The rates for the purchase of the timber vary from Id. per cubic foot for the common timbers to 5d. for Muzaiti, Muhugu, and cedar. At a distance of five miles from a railway these rates are liable to a reduction, according to the distance from the rail- way, up to a maximum of one half. Now that the country is being opened up and the value of native timber becoming understood, its use is extending. There are several saw-mills employed in working up native timbers. As yet, however, only the fringe of the forest has been worked. There may be an opening for anyone with sufficient capital to be able to hold his stock of timber till it is seasoned, and for one who is experienced in sawing wood so as to avoid waste. Most of the timber sold is unseasoned. There is a small demand for working men experienced in saw-milling and the management of saw-mill machinery, and a steady demand for seasoned timber for building, wagon-making, and furniture. The demand for native seasoned timber is in excess of the supply. Free Grants of Timber to Settlers. Settlers in the country who take up farms on which there is little or no timber suitable for building may obtain a permit to cut wood in the Government forests, free of all cost, for a period varying from two to five years from the date on which their holding was granted. The holders of farms coming under this category should apply in writing to the Land Officer, Nairobi, for a certificate to the effect that their land is without timber. [The certificate should be presented to the Forestry Department, who will issue the permit and define the area within which the timber may be cut. The Land Officer will, if requested, forward the certificate direct to the Forestry Department, but as many settlers like to take the opportunity 4 when presenting the certificate of discussing with the Forestry Department the forest area most accessible to their farms, this procedure is- only adopted at the special request of the applicant.] 17 Buildings, Building Materials, and Tools. At Nairobi almost everything required by Europeans can be obtained, and there are foundries, flour mills, machine shops, saw-mills, etc. Throughout the Highlands there is good timber for building purposes, fencing, and furniture. Several saw-mills are in operation. Good building-stone can also be obtained. Corrugated iron and planking, both native and imported glass, etc., can be purchased locally at reasonable rates. Grass can be used for thatching; iron is safer against fire, but hot and unhealthy. Tiles are expensive. Settlers are strongly advised to take careful stock of the resources of their own land before erecting their permanent buildings. They will either find timber or obtain it free from the forests. Sawn timber can be purchased. There is every possibility of their finding good and workable building-stone. Failing stone there may be soil suitable for brick-making. It can easily be realised that an immense saving in cost of transport is effected by making use of material on the spot. English farm tools, agricultural implements, carp enter s' tools, wire, and every general farming and building requisite can in normal times be bought in Nairobi, but the shortage of shipping has affected the present supply. Indian carpenters and sawyers can be engaged at about 3s. 6d. per day. A good stone bungalow, about 40 ft. by 20 ft. by 12 ft. high, should cost completed not more than £240, provided stone is close and easily workable. Water and Water Rights. Under the Crown Lands Ordinance, 1902, a conveyance, lease or licence for the temporary occupation of Crown land does not confer any right to the waters of any river, lake, or stream other than to such water as may be required for domestic purposes upon the land sold, leased, or occupied. No landholder may construct a water furrow on his land without permission, and should such permission be granted, the overflow of the furrow must be returned to the river, lake, or stream. No charge is made for water used for irrigation purposes to persons authorized to use it until after 31st March, 1916, and even after that date no charge will be made if after full enquiry such a charge is found not to be justified. Applications for permits for the use of water should be made in writing to the Land Officer, Nairobi. The application should state clearly (a) the purpose for which the water is required, (b) the estimated volume of water required, (c) the dimensions and length of the water furrow, and (d) the position of same, if 18 possible, with a sketch, (e) the name of the river and the number of the farm on which the water is to be utilised. No reasonable application will be refused provided the granting of the permit will not unduly prejudice the lower riparian owners. The Irrigation Rules are published in the East African Official Gazette, dated June 1st, 1909. Cost of Living. Owing to the uncertainties of the present time and the great differences in tastes and requirements it is very difficult to give any definite figures of the actual cost of living in the Protectorate. Many articles of food can be grown or produced on the. farm locally, but, owing to the cost of transport, imported articles are dearer than in Europe, The cost of living in Nairobi and Mombasa is much greater than in the country or smaller towns, and in these centres the increase in prices has been most marked since the outbreak of war. Household furniture made from coimtry woods and Indian teak may be bought as cheaply in the country as imported furniture. Laundry, In Nairobi there is a good European laundry, and washing is also done by Hindus, Goanese, and Swahilis, the general price being about R s. 10 per 100 pieces. . Away from the towns washing is done by the house-boys or “ dobis.” House Accommodation. House rental is high and houses difficult to obtain even in Nairobi and Mombasa. In all other towns it is very nearly impossible to rent a house as every one is occupied. Rents have risen in the last few years, and £60 to £100 per annum is paid for a 4-roomed house in Nairobi or Mombasa. In addition, sanitary and water rates amount to approximately £10 per annum. Hotel Accommodation, etc. First-class hotel accommodation can be obtained at Mom- basa, Nairobi, Naivasha, Nakuru, Gilgil, Kisumu, Eldorat, Soy, Londiani, and the. Thika River. The terms vary from Rs. 6 to Rs. 9 per day. Boarding-house accommodation can be obtained in Nairobi. The Administration of the Uganda Rail- way have erected rest-houses at Samburu, Yoi, Makindu, Lumbwa, and Port Florence, the free use of which may be had for twenty-four hours, but a charge will be made for each subsequent day. Passengers availing themselves of these houses are required to furnish their own servants and provide their own bedding. Meals can be obtained at reasonable rates. Shipping. At present there is no regular service to British East Africa, but ships are occasionally available. Special inquiry should be made of the Shipping Companies or their Agents. 19 Free Passages within the Empire— His Majesty’s Government have decided that on and after the 8th April, 1919, ex-service men, viz,, officers and men of the Royal Navy, the British Army (excluding Dominion and Colonial Forces) or the Royal Air Force, who have served in the Great War and who wish to settle within the Empire overseas, may obtain free third-class passages at the lowest Government rate for themselves and their dependents to the nearest convenient port to their destination, provided that they are approved under one of the agricultural settlement schemes of the Oversea Governments or are going to assured employment, and are otherwise acceptable to the Government of the territory to which they desire to go. This privilege will also be extended to the widows and dependents of ex- service men as defined above, provided that they are entitled to draw pension from Imperial Funds under the terms of the Pensions Warrant. F ree passages on the same conditions will be granted to ex- service women who enrolled for whole-time service for not less than six months in a corps under the direction of a British Government Department. The term “ dependent ” includes, in the case of ex-service men, legal wives and legitimate sons and step-sons under 16 years of age and legitimate daughters and step-daughters under 18 years of age ; in the case of ex-service women and widows of ex-service men, legitimate children as defined above. Passports . — Arrangements are being made to provide approved applicants with a document which will take the place of a passport. Passages and Landing Agents. There are several lines of steamers by which passages may be booked : — 1. The Peninsular and Oriental Company. Passengers by this line outwards from London tranship at Aden to the British India Aden-Mombasa Mail Steamer. Applications should be addressed to. the Peninsular and Oriental and British India Passenger Department, 122, Leadenhall Street, E.C. 3, or Escombe, McGrath and Co., 3, East India Avenue, E.C. 3, and branches. 2. The British India Steam Navigation Company. Local agents are Messrs. Smith, McKenzie and Co. at Kilindini, Zanzibar, Nairobi and Kisumu. Particulars can be obtained from Gray, Dawes and Co., 122, Leadenhall Street, E.C. 3. 3. The French Line, the Messageries Maritimes (London Office: 72-75, Fenchurch Street, E.C. 3). 20 4. The Union Castle Mail Steamship Company, Ltd., who have agents in Mombasa. 5. Clan, Ellerman and Harrison East- Africa Joint Service. Local agents the African Mercantile Company, Ltd. Sailings and fares are uncertain owing to the war. The following are some of the principal landing agents in the Protectorate: — B.E.A. Corporation, Ltd., Mombasa and Nairobi. Boustead and Clarke, Ltd., Mombasa and Nairobi. Childs and Joseph, Mombasa and Nairobi. Newland, Tarlton and Co., Nairobi. Smith, McKenzie and Co., Mombasa and Nairobi. V. Mendoza and Bro., Mombasa. African Mercantile Company, Mombasa. L. Frigerio and Co., Mombasa. The Uganda Railway. Stations , Mileage , and Bailway Fares . The following are the principal stations of the Uganda Railway, and the fares from Mombasa, Kilindini, and Kilin- dini Pier: — Station. Miles from Mom- basa. Height above Sea level. Single Fares. ( l ) 1st. 2nd. ( 2 ) Inter- mediate. 3rd. Feet. R. c. R. c. R. c. R. c. Mazeras 16 534 2 88 1 44 0 96 0 40 Samburu (R) ... 44 915 7 92 3 96 2 64 1 10 Voi (R) 104 1,833 18 72 9 36 6 24 2 58 Makindu (R) ... 211 3,277 37 98 18 99 12 66 4 72 Km (R) 270 4,861 48 60 24 30 16 20 5 90 Magadi Junction. 287 5,424 51 66 25 83 17 22 6 24 At hi River 314 4,949 56 52 28 26 18 84 6 71 Nairobi (R) 330 5,575 59 40 29 70 19 80 6 95 Limoru ... 355 7,463 63 90 31 95 21 30 7 33 Kiiabe (R) 374 6,909 67 32 33 66 22 44 7 61 Naivasha * . . . 394 6,354 70 92 35 46 23 64 7 91 Gilgil ... 412 6,581 74 16 37 08 24 72 8 18 Nakuru ... 452 6,070 81 36 40 68 27 12 8 78 Molo 487 8,064 87 66 43 83 29 22 9 31 Londiani 503 7,530 90 54 45 27 30 18 9 55 Lumbwa (R) ... 521 6,336 93 78 46 89 31 26 9 82 Fort Ternan 539 5,104 97 02 48 51 32 34 10 09 Muhoroni (R) ... 552 4,265 99 36 49 68 33 12 10 28 Kisumu 587 3,756 105 66 52 83 35 22 10 81 1 First, second, and intermediate class return tickets are issued at a fare- and-a-half for the double journey, available for three months. 2 There is no intermediate class on the steamer service across the Victoria Nyanza. (R) Signifies refreshment room. 21 The journey takes about 24 hours from Mombasa to Nairobi and about 19 hours from Nairobi to Lake Victoria, or 42 hours for the whole distance. This includes the necessary halts at certain stations for breakfast, lunch, and dinner. The seats of the carriages are convertible into very comfort- able sleeping bunks, but travellers should make a point of seeing that their soap, towels, blankets, pillows, and pyjamas are put into the carriage with them on boarding the train, as no toilet accessories or bedding is provided by the railway. Note. — Europeans do not as a rule travel lower than second class. Intermediate and third class are almost exclusively used by Asiatics and Africans. Each passenger is entitled to carry the following quantity of luggage free : — 1st Class 120 lb. 2nd „ 60 ,, Intermediate Class 50 ,, * 3rd Class ... 30 ,, and half those quantities for each child’s half-ticket. Excess luggage and parcels are charged for at about the rate of Rs. 2*80 per 100 lb. per 100 miles. The rate from Mombasa to Nairobi is Rs. 9*80 per 100 lb., to Nakuru Rs. 13*30, and to Kisumu Rs. 16*80. Agricultural Implements. The rate in force for agricultural implements, cotton and oil-pressing machinery, and fencing wire, etc., in lots of 5 tons and over, amounts to 93 cents per 100 lb. from Mombasa to Nairobi, and that for tools, machinery, building materials, etc., in small lots, to Rs. 1*98 per 100 lb. for the same distance. Fencing and wire netting in small lots is carried over the same distance for Rs. 1*49 per 100 lb. Special Produce Bates. Most of the down traffic for agricultural produce, com- modities, grains, seeds, etc., is subject to special rates in 10-ton lots or over. These rates are at owner’s risk, and owners must load and unload. There are special cheap rates for beans, maize, peas and wheat railed to Kilindini Pier in lots of 10 tons or over for export purposes. The rate per 100 lb. under this tariff is 45 cents from Kisumu, and 40 cents from Ulu and Tunnel. Livestock. — -Carriage charges on livestock must be prepaid, and the loading and unloading must be performed by the consignor and consignee respectively. Horses, cattle, sheep, and pigs conveyed in cattle trucks are charged 31 cents per four-wheeled vehicle per mile. Clothing and Outfit. It is unnecessary to spend large sums on outfit. For the Highlands , everything that is worn in England will be of use 22 at (Some time or other* even a thick overcoat. A supply of light English summer clothing, however, is what is really needed for both sexes. The usual social dress for men is light serge or tweed lounge suits, and the working clothes khaki, which can be obtained more cheaply in the ProtecT torate than in England, with putties or leggings and good English leather boots. Owing to the immense improvement in shopping facilities in Nairobi and Mombasa, it is almost as cheap to purchase clothes in the Protectorate as in England, allowing for the cost of extra trunks and the excess freight. In the coastal Lowlands , the lightest European summer clothing is all that need be brought out, as during the hot seasons clothing is reduced to a light singlet with a white drill suit and canvas shoes or boots. A good helmet or a soft double terai is absolutely essential in all parts of the country, and new arrivals are particularly warned against going out of doors between 7.30 a.m. and 4.30 p.m. with their heads inefficiently protected even in gloudy weather. Every sort of helmet can be purchased in Port Said on the way out. Every visitor or intending settler should provide himself with two or three good blankets or rugs, and these should be available for use on the train journey from Mombasa. Sports. There is now a considerable resident European population, and settlers arriving in the country are not cut off from the amenities of social life. Eace meetings have been revived since the Armistice, and are held at Nairobi four times a year, and less regularly at other centres. The Mosara Hunt hold regular meets in season near Nairobi. There are big social clubs at Mombasa, Nairobi, and smaller ones at Nakuru and Kisumu. A country club is situated at Mutharga, near Nairobi. All British sports are played regularly, including Rugby and Association football, cricket, lawn tennis, hockey, polo, and golf. There are golf links at Mombasa, Nairobi (2) r Mutharga, Kyambu, Naivasha, Nakuru, Kisumu, Nyeri, Embu, and others are in contemplation. Excellent opportunities occur for big game and mixed bird shooting, and some of the rivers provide excellent fishing. Trout have been caught up to 6 lb. Arms, etc. A settler should bring out a serviceable shot-gun, 12-bore, and a *303 sporting magazine rifle. If expense is no object an additional rifle of heavier calibre, *350, *400, or *450, *500 cordite, for big game, is very desirable. All fire-arms must be registered by an officer of the Admini- stration at the port of entry, for which a fee of Es. 3- per fire- 23 arm is charged in addition to customs duty of 10 per cenE ad valorem. Holders of game licences are entitled to free registration of fire-arms. Passengers bringing shot-guns into the country may obtain a bird licence at the time of registering the gun at the Customs on payment of Bs. 2 in addition to the Bs. 3, cost of registration. If the licence is obtained later the charge is Bs. 5. All steamship companies will accept ammunition for carriage from England to Mombasa. The Continental railways insist upon ammunition being accompanied by the owner or other responsible person. Sporting Licences. Game of every kind (lions, zebras, antelopes, etc.) abound. A resident’s licence, costing Bs. 150, entitles the holder to shoot a certain number of the common kinds of game. The full sportsman’s licence costs Bs. 750. A land- owner may also take out for himself or his employe a licence entitling him to shoot on his land for Bs. 45. To shoot one elephant a special licence must be obtained, costing Bs. 150. A licence to shoot birds costs Bs. 5 per annum, and entitles the holder to shoot any birds which are not specially pro- tected. Private firms are establishing ostrich farms, and this bird may not be shot. A copy of the Game Begulations may be consulted in the Oversea Settlement Office. Roads, Outside the townships of Mombasa and Nairobi, where macadamized roads have been constructed, the roads are built of murrum, a decomposed lava of a gravelly nature, or are merely earth tracks, which become very soft for four-wheeled traffic during the rains. These roads are dependent on dry weather for their utility as motor roads, but ox-waggons can get through at all seasons. Qn the Nairobi-Fort Hall road a motor transport service is working, and several privately-owned cars are running in and around Nairobi. Bicycles can go nearly everywhere, and motor cycles are now being used all over the Protectorate. Inland Travel away from the Railway. To travel by land in parts where there is no rail accommo- dation, and where there are no roads suitable for motor trans- port, it is necessary for the traveller to take his tent, cook, and servant. His equipment should consist of tent, camp- bed and bedding, waterproof-sheet, mosquito net, a folding table, light canvas chair, cooking utensils, lamp, water-bottle, and shot-gun, also groceries, wines and spirits according to the length of the journey. Fowls and meat can generally be •21 bought on the road, but the traveller should be prepared to support the larder with his gun. In the Highlands ox-wagons can also be hired at various prices, either by time or distance. Fifteen porters at from Rs. 5 to Rs. 10 per month, and from 6 cents to 12 cents a day for food allowance, one head man at Rs. 20 a month and 25 cents a day for food allowance is, roughly, all that is required for transport, but porters are not always readily obtainable. For short journeys porters can be engaged at a fixed price, e.g., one rupee for a load of 60 lb. for the journey from Mombasa to Takaungu (35 miles). A horse or mule for riding (in which case a groom will be required at Rs. 10 or more per month and food) depends on the locality in which the safari (caravan) is travelling. A safari will travel about 12 to 15 miles per day, each porter carrying 60 lb. Exports from the East Africa Protectorate through Mombasa Customs. Value in Rupees. 1914. 1915. 1 1916. Beans and Peas ... 56,979 53,660 233,857 Potatoes 64,054 51,710 121,180 Maize 103,193 18,016 38,159 Millet 80 850 244 Linseed ... 2,336 ... ... Rice ... .,i ... ... Coffee ... 195,738 369,383 557,340 Coconuts 5,684 8,933 7,057 Chillies 625 2,546 1,037 Ghee 15,915 73,231 47,052 Groundnuts 8,989 1,395 8,085 Sim Sim 274,471 326,186 698,194 Sim Sim Oil 4,012 2,340 7,049 Copra 293,024 174,024 269,963 Castor Oil Seed 884 ... ... Cotton 21,538 54,562 23,994 Cotton Seed 2,427 5,367 3,096 Gum Copal ... 9,898 17,856 3,088 BeesWax 120,011 58,310 35,810 Hides, Ox 1,262,555 1,456,868 1,528,097 Skins, Sheep 17,005 22,886 12,641 Skins, Goats 183,122 200,934 445,443 Skins, Wild Animals 34,483 2,684 2,799 Fibre, Sisal 414,382 1,123,342 1,610,622 Fibre, other than Sisal 73,788 34,605 52,968 Flax ... 2,805 3,773 Rubber, plantation 41,451 19,775 25,532 Rubber, wild 3,691 7,143 1,650 Mangrove Bark ;.. ... ... ... Wattle Bark 7,630 ... ... Wool 135,660 150,173 197,292 25 Imports to the East Africa Protectorate through Mombasa Customs. Value in Rupees. 1914. 1915. 1916. Bacon and Ham 63,832 65,758 47,279 Butter 29,578 86,859 87,464 Cheese 27,296 45,023 45,121 Sugar 822,437 1,249,064 1,517,460 Tea 274,765 209,835 388,953 Salt 61,852 113,013 140,065 Wheat 46,368 17,505 28,953 Flour and Wheatmeal ... 793,350 570,327 776,867 Rice 999,188 897,713 919,263 Dhall 66,181 31,446 46,159 Maize and Maize meal ... ... Grains, various ... 70,761 60,630 85,993 Ghee ..., 130,533 94,538 98,555 Preserved meats 29,235 35,200 44,640 Preserves, tinned and bottled food and fruits ... . . * 351,073 443,253 965,985 Fruits, raw 13,067 18,581 15,382 Tobacco, manufactured 251,371 783,319 604,464 Tobacco, unmanufactured 7,020 12,240 15,939 Coconut Oil 2,800 111 740 Fencing materials 42,534 60,113 38,999 Foodstuffs for animals .. . 4,844 1,384 1,436 Agricultural implements 416,288 231,588 460,544 Agricultural machinery 298,903 228,255 123,391 Agricultural rope and twine ... 51,329 36,906 49,612 Leather, saddlery and harness... 36,078 12,365 15,501 Trees, plants and seeds 52,578 28,555 28,096 Wood 420,049 161,312 236,361 Manures and insecticides 5,807 10,393 12,712 Currency and Banks. The legal currency is the Indian rupee. The coins in use are : — One rupee equal to 100 cents. half „ „ 50 „ quarter ,, „ 25 „ 10 cent, 5 cent and one cent bits. The English sovereign is legal tender for Rs. 15. There are also Protectorate Currency Notes for 5, 10, 20, 50, 100, and 500 rupees. The National Bank of India , Ltd. (London Office : — 26, Bishopsgate, London, E.C. 2), are bankers to the East Africa and Uganda Protectorate Governments, with branches at Mombasa, Nairobi, Nakuru and Kisumu, in the East Africa Protectorate, and at Kampala and Jinja in Uganda. The Standard Bank of South Africa , Ltd . (London Office : — 10, Clement 7 s Lane, Lombard Street, London, E.C. 4), have 26 branches at Mombasa, Nairobi, and Eldoret in the East Africa Protectorate and at Kampala and Jinja in Uganda. The National Bank of South Africa , Ltd. (London Office: — Circus Place, London Wall, E.C. 2), have branches at Mom- basa and Nairobi. Bank interest has been seldom below 8 per cent, and mortgages have been earning 10 per cent, for the mortgagee. Before the war the rupee had a fixed value of Is. 4d., or 15 to the pound, but the increased price of silver has caused a fluctuation in the rate of exchange, and the value of the rupee in October, 1919, was 2s. Od. approx. Postal and Telegraphic Information. The East Africa Protectorate is included within the Postal Union. Bates from England. Letters : l|d. per half -ounce. Postcards : Id. (6 cts.) ; Book-post l^d. per 2 ozs. Parcels not exceeding 3 lb. 7 lb. 11 lb. From England... Is. 6d. ... 3s. ... 4s. 6d. To England ... 75 cts. ...Rs. 1*50... Us. 2 25 Limits of weight for letter, 5 lb. Limit of insurable value, £120. A fee of 50 cents is collected on all parcels from England which are liable to Customs Duty. The service is at present irregular; letters are usually sent via South Africa. Insurance is confined to Entebbe, Jinja, Kampala, Kisumu, Lamu, Mombasa, Nairobi and Nakuru. No compensation is paid in respect of loss or damage of unin- sured parcels or their contents. All parcels are conveyed in British East Africa in ordinary mail bags, and to prevent injury should be very strongly packed. Waterproof covers should be used for parcels intended for places beyond the services of the Uganda Railway. Money Orders. — Rates of poundage from England: 3d. for every £l or fraction of £l up to a maximum of £40. Money Orders are paid in East Africa in rupees. Postal Orders. — At the same rates of poundage as in England. Cables. — Mombasa is connected by cable with London via Zanzibar or Dar-es-Salaam. The charges from England and vice versa are : — Per word. All Stations except Mombasa and Kilindini 2s. 9d. (Rs. 2*06). 27 Per word. Mombasa and Kilindini 2s. 6d. (R. 1*90). Deferred cables (which must be in plain language and which are liable to be delayed 24 hours) : — All Stations in the Protectorate ... Is. 4d. (R. 1). Within the Protectorate there is an internal telegraph system along the Uganda Railway to Kisumu, extending via Mbale to Kampala, Entebbe and Nimule, along the Thika Railway from Thika to Archer’s Post via Fort Hall, Nyeri, West Kenya and Meru, and along the Voi-Taveta Railway connecting with Dar-es-Salaam, and along the Magadi Rail- way. There is also a line along the coast from Mombasa to Lamu. Telephone . — A telephone line runs from Kismayu to Gobwen. Religious Denominations. All the leading religious denominations are represented in the Protectorate. The English, the Scottish, and the Roman Catholic Churches have places of worship at Nairobi as well as at their various mission stations. The English and Roman Catholic bodies have also churches at Mombasa and there are English churches at Kyambu, Nakuru and Kisumu. Various other denominations have mission stations in the Protectorate : The African Inland Mission, the Friends’ Africa Industrial Mission, the Lumbwa Industrial Mission, the Seventh Day Adventists Mission, the Swedish Mission, and the United Methodist Free Church Mission. Education. Government Schools for European children of both sexes are established in Nairobi, Nakuru, and the Uasin Gishu Plateau. The standard attained at the Nairobi School is the first-class of the College of Preceptors. There is good accommodation for boarders in the Nairobi School. Private schools for boarding and day scholars are established at Nairobi and Kijabe, the former controlled by the Roman Catholic Mission of the Holy Ghost, and the latter by the Africa Inland Mission. There is also a private school estab- lished in Nairobi, known as the Nairobi High School. Immigration Regulations. Stringent regulations restricting immigration into the Protectorate were introduced by means of a local law promulgated in 1906, and amended in certain particulars In 1910 and 1919. 28 Under these regulations an Immigration Officer is required to board every ship arriving at any British East African port and to interview every intending immigrant. Immigration is absolutely prohibited if the Immigration Officer is not satisfied that the intending immigrant is: — 1. Neither an idiot nor insane. 2. Not suffering from any loathsome or dangerous contagious disease. 3. Not a person who, not having received a free pardon, has been convicted of murder or any offence, other than an offence of a political character not involving moral turpitude, for which a sentence of imprisonment has been passed for any term, and who by reason of the circumstances connected therewith is deemed to be an undesirable immigrant. 4. Not a prostitute nor a person living on or receiving nor who has lived on or received any part of the proceeds of the prostitution of others. 5. Not a person deemed by the Immigration Officer, from information received from a reliable source, to be an undesirable immigrant. Further, if an intending immigrant is unable to satisfy the Immigration Officer that he or she is not without visible means of support, the Immigration Officer may demand a deposit of £25 before allowing the intending immigrant to land, and the deposit is liable to be forfeited unless the Immigration Officer is so satisfied within six months of the landing of the immigrant. These regulations are not, however, intended to prevent bond fide settlers and working men from entering the country. Heavy penalties by fine and imprisonment are imposed in the event of a breach of the regulations, such as concealing or withdrawing information from the Immigration Officer either by intending immigrants themselves or by persons aiding or abetting them, and also on the owners and masters of ships from which immigrants land without the permission of the Immigration Officer. Land Acquisition* The conditions governing the tenures and terms of leasing and other disposal of Crown Lands were laid down in the Crown Lands Ordinance, 1915. The settler should apply to the Land Office at Nairobi for the latest information in regard to land, where also he will be able to obtain the latest maps. 29 East Africa Land Settlement Scheme. The application list under this scheme for the settlement of ex-service men on the land in East Africa closed on 14th August, 1919. Ex-service men who wish to be considered for any future allotments should communicate direct with the Chief Secretary to the Government, Nairobi, East Africa. Purchase of Land by Private Treaty . Settlers who have developed their farms are allowed to dispose of their holding, or portions of it, by private treaty, and there is nothing to prevent an intending settler from acquiring land by purchasing from the original holder or his transferees. Undeveloped land, portions of original holdings, within 15 to 20 miles of Nairobi have been changing hands at from £l to £2 10s. per acre for pastoral propositions, and from £7 to £12 for agriculture. In other districts of the Highlands at from 5s. to £2 and more per acre. Town Plots. Town plots are divided into two classes : commercial and residential. The commercial plot has generally 50 ft. frontage and 150 ft. depth, and the residential sites vary from one to two acres in extent. Town plots of both descriptions are almost invariably sold by auction. In Nairobi the best sites have been realising up to £700 per plot as premium in addition to an annual ground rent of £10. Outside Nairobi the usual ground rent is £2 8s. per annum, and the premium realised at auction varies from £5 upwards, but rarely exceeds £50. Native Owned Lands . Land Buies enforced by Government. — The Government does not allow natives to deal in land with Europeans, and land within native reserves cannot be alienated. 30 APPENDIX A. BOOKS OF REFERENCE CONCERNING BRITISH EAST AFRICA. The following is a list of the most important books dealing with the various languages spoken in the East Africa Protectorate. Swahili is the chief language, as being the lingua franca of the country. Swahili : — Swahili Exercises, Steere (S.P.C.K.). A Handbook of the Swahili Language, Steere (S.P.C.K.). Swahili-English Dictionary, Krapf (London). English-Swahili and Swahili-English Dictionary, Madan (Oxford) Swahili Tales, Steere (S.P.C.K.). African Aphorisms, Taylor (S.P.C.K.). Giriama : — Giriama Vocabulary, Taylor (S.P.C.K.). Nyika ; — Nyika Dictionary, Krapf and Rebmann (S.P.C.K.). Teita : — Introduction to the Teita Language, Wray (S.P.C.K.). Kamba: — Vocabularies to the Kamba and Kikuyu Languages, Hinde (Cam- bridge). Kamba Grammar, Last. Masai : — The Masai : their Language and Folklore, Hollis (Oxford). Kikuyu : — English -Kikuyu Vocabulary, McGregor (S.P.C.K.). A Grammar of the Kikuyu Language, McGregor (London). Kikuyu Grammar, Hemery. Kikuyu Grammar, Barlow (Blackwood). Somali : — Somali Grammar, Larajasse. Notes on the Somali Language, Kirk (Oxford). Somali Grammar, Kirk (Cambridge). Galla : — Galla-English Vocabulary, Tutschek. The Gospels and other parts of the Bible have also been translated into several East African languages and published by the S.P.C.K. and the Bible Society. General. The Standard Handbook and Directory. “Farming and Planting in British East Africa.” (Newland, Tarlton & Co.) Annual Reports on British East Africa. 31 Reports of the Mombasa- Victoria Railway. Report by Mr. A. Whyte on Lis Travels along the Coast-Belt of the British East Africa Protectorate [Cd. 1533], 1903. Report by H. B. Muff on Geology of the East Africa Protectorate, 1908. [Cd. 3828.] Report on Veterinary Bacteriological Work during 1907-8. [Cd. 3917], 1908. Forest Reports. [Cd. 3561], 1907 ; [4723], 1909. Tenure of Land. [Cd. 4117], 1908. Annual Reports of the Director of Agriculture, East Africa Protectorate. Anderson, A. G. W., Our Newest Colony. Nairobi, 1910. Cranworth, Lord, A Colony in the Making. London, 1912. Davis (Alexander), A Microcosm of Empire. Eliot, Sir Charles, The East Africa Protectorate. Arnolds. Hinde, S. L. and H., The Last of the Masai. London, 1901. Hindlip, Lord, British East Africa. London, 1901. Ward & Milligan, Handbook of British East Africa (1912-13). London, 1912. Wason, J. Cathcarfc, East Africa and Uganda. London, 1905. And many others. Agents for the sale of maps published by the Geographical Section, General Staff. London E. Stanford, Ltd., 12, Long Acre, W.C. 2. #Sifton, Praed & Co., 67, St. James’s Street, S.W. 1. T. Fisher Unwin, 1, Adelphi Terrace, W.C. 2. Edinburgh : — W. & A. K. Johnston, Ltd., Easter Road. Liverpool : — Philip, Son & Nephew, 20, Church Street. Crown Copyright Reserved . APPENDIX B. TABLES OF IMPORT DUTIES AND EXEMPTIONS. Table I. Table of Import Duties. On distilled liquors (other than drugs and medicines imported for bond fide medical purposes) Eau de Cologne and lavender water, per gallon at 50° of the Gay-Lussac alcoholometer at a temperature of 15° centigrade Rs. 5 the duty to be augmented proportionately for each degree above 50° and diminished proportionately for each degree below 50°. On all other goods of every description not being specially exempted in the 3rd table to this Ordinance an ad valorem duty at the rate of 10 per cent. Table II. Table of Exemptions from Import Duties. (1) Personal baggage consisting of wearing apparel and other, articles of personal use, as are in actual use at the time of importation, or have been actually in use previously, and are the property of the person whose baggage is being passed or of any member of such person’s family ; 32 (2) Bicycles, binoculars, photographic cameras, and sewing machines which have been used, and instruments intended for the pro- fessional use of passengers, forming part of passengers’ baggage and not intended for trading purposes ; (3) Goods when imported by, or purchased prior to clearing through the Customs by and for the use of the Governments of the East Africa Protectorate or of the Uganda Protectorate; (4) All horses and mules; (5) Other livestock imported for breeding purposes, provided that : (а) All livestock imported for breeding purposes for which exemption from Customs duty is claimed shall, except in cases where permission is given by a Veterinary Officer, be landed at Kilindini. (б) All such live stock shall in order to be admitted free of duty be of a class which in the opinion of the examining Veterinary Officer is likely to improve the existing stock in the country; (c) Live stock for the purpose of this exemption means cattle, sheep, goats, donkeys, swine, ostriches and poultry. (6) Goods imported by or consigned direct to officers and men on board vessels of His Majesty’s Navy for their personal use or consumption ; If goods imported by a merchant are sold to His Majesty’s Navy, such goods shall be treated as goods re-exported ; (7) Ships and vessels imported entire or in section; (8) Material for the construction and maintenance o£ railways, tram- ways and roads ; (9) Trees, plants, and seeds intended for cultivation; (10) Tombstones and ornaments for graves, memorial windows, tables and brasses; (11) Coal; (12) Photographs, engravings, pictures, and maps; (13) Gold bullion ; (14) Coin admitted to circulation in the Protectorate ; (15) Agricultural implements and machinery and all Apparatus and plant usually and principally employed in farming operations ; (16) Sheep and cattle medicines whether for internal or external (application. For the purpose of this exemption, medicines shall be deemed to include powder and other preparations for the composition of sheep and cattle dips and licks. This exemption shall have effect on and after the 1st day of January, 1906, and all such duties paid in respect of such medicines imported after the 31st day of December, 1905, shall be refunded, provided that application for such refund shall be made within six months of the date of the publication of this Ordinance. (17) Manures and insecticides; (18) Industrial machinery. This exemption shall have effect on and after the first day of June, 1906, and all duties paid in respect of such machinery imported after the 31st day of May, 1906, shall be refunded, provided that application for such refund shall be made within six months of the publication of this Ordinance. (19) Printed matter, which term shall include newspapers, periodicals, literature, fashion plates, pamphlets, music, trade catalogues, price lists, show cards, calendars, and all printed or litho- graphed matter used or intended to be used solely for advertising purposes ; (20) Officers’ Uniforms, viz. : the uniform of a Naval, Military, or Protectorate Officer, including the necessary arms, badges and accoutrements thereto ; 33 (21) Regimental plate* furniture, and other mess fittings and band instruments, the property of any Regimental Mess or the joint property of the officers of any Regimental Mess ; (22) Officers’ camp furniture and fittings imported as a necessary part of their equipment ; (23) Goods imported for the use of His Majesty’s Land and Sea Forces in the East Africa Protectorate on satisfactory proof to the Chief of Customs that they have been imported solely for the use of His Majesty’s Land and Sea Forces and are the pro- perty of His Majesty; (24) All articles necessary for maintaining telegraphic communication between British East Africa and other parts of the world; (25) All coats of arms, flags, seals, and official stationery, and such other goods as the Governor may from time to time by notice in the “ Official Gazette ” declare to be within the exemption in respect of any consulate imported by a Consular Officer on presentation by him at the Customs House of a certificate given by the consulate for which they are destined that the articles tare for its exclusive use ; (26) Cups, medals, or other trophies, imported for presentation or presented as prizes at examinations, exhibitions, shows or other public competitions, for excellence in art, bravery, good conduct, humanity, industry, invention, manufactures, learning, science, skill or sport or honourable or meritorious public services ; provided that they shall on importation or delivery free from the Customs bear engraved or otherwise indelibly marked on them the name of the presenter or presentee and the occasion or purpose for which presented ; (27) Wire or wire-netting for fencing, droppers, gates, hurdles, posts, standards, strainers, staples, stiles, winders, and other materials or fastenings of metals ordinarily used for agricultural or rail- way fencing; (28) Empty bags (other than paper bags and crates for flour, manure, produce, sugar, wool, coal and minerals, and bagging and sacking in the piece and binding twine; (29) Bands and belting of all kinds for driving machinery; (30) Motor vehicles suitably constructed for, and intended to be usually and principally employed in, the conveyance of goods; and spare parts of such motor vehicles ; (31) Petrol; (32) The luggage equipment and stores imported by the Inspector- General, King’s African Rifles, or 'his Staff Officer for the use of the said officers or either of them whilst travelling on duty ; (33) Machinery, plant, materials and rolling stock, when imported or purchased prior to clearing through the Customs by the Magadi Company for the purpose of the construction or the initial equipment of the Magadi Railway or the Magadi Company’s port. (34) All goods imported on or after 1st December, 1914, as gifts to troops and consigned for distribution to Officers in Command of such troops or to Government Departments. (35) Electric or cable wire, the posts for carrying the same, and all other material required for the purposes of generating, storing or distributing electric energy, whether for power or lighting, on satisfactory proof to the Chief of Customs that such articles and materials have been imported solely for such purposes. Such exemption shall not include lamps or their fittings or material, other than industrial machinery required for the purpose of using electrical energy. (36) Natalite. 34 APPENDIX C. Table of Export Duties. (1) Ivory (2) Gum copal ... (3) Indiarubber (other than plantation rubber) (4) Borities (5) Hides and skins (other than sportsmen’s trophies) ... (6) Rhinoceros horn and hippopotamus teeth (other than sportsmen’s trophies) (7) Tortoise shell (8) Chillies (9) Ebony and other fine woods as specified from time to time (10) Cowrie and other sea shells (11) Horses (12) Camels (13) Donkeys Ad valorem. Per cent. 15 6 4 10 10 10 10 10 5 5 Each Rs. 21 Rs. 4 Rs. 2 APPENDIX D. NOTES ON LAND IN THE BRITISH EAST AFRICA PROTECTORATE. FOR INTENDING SETTLERS. These Notes , prepared after the enactment of the Crown Lands Ordinance of 1915, give the conditions on which Crown Land will con- tinue to be alienited , subject to any temporary modifications in con- lection with the post-war settlement of ex-service men . Sizes of Farms : Leases Sold by Auction : Freehold. — Land in the Protectorate Available for sale is surveyed and divided into farms, not usually exceeding 5,000 acres. The shape of each farm varies accord- ing to the topography of the country, and is not necessarily rectangular. The average size is from 2,000 to 3,000 acres. All leases are disposed of by public auction held in the Protectorate, and no freehold can now be obtained from the Crown. When land is available for alienation at least three months’ notice is given in the Official Gazette , and particulars of each sale may be seen at the Colonial Office and at the Oversea Settlement Office, London. Bidding at Sales. — It is, of course, not possible to give prices of land. At each sale an upset price is fixed ( i.e ., the price at which the bidding commences). The bidding is invariably for the whole farm, and not per acre, and usually rises by amounts of Rs. 10. Payments at Sales. — At the time of the sale, a purchaser has the option of paying the purchase-money dcwn, or only a tenth part, paying off the balance in nine further annual instalments. No interest is charged in the latter case, and no discount allowed in the former. The auctioneer will take payment by cheque on a local bank, but the leases will not be issued until the cheque has been honoured by the 35 bank. One-tenth of the purchase price must be paid on the fall of the hammer; if not so paid the farm may be again offered for sale. Subsequent Payments. — A purchaser must pay before the first of the month next following the sale the following : — (a) The proportionate annual rent from the first of the month next following the sale to the 31st December of that year. ( b ) The fees for the preparation of the lease, and for the registration and stamp duty in respect of the lease. (c) The survey fee (see Schedule “ A ” attached). (d) If desirous, the balance of the purchase-money. Leases. — On payment of these monies a lease will be granted for a term of 999 years. The term is divided into periods, the first expiring on the 31st December, 1945, the second on the 31st December, 1975, and the third on the 31st December 2005, and succeeding periods on the termination of every thirtieth year until the conclusion of the term. Bents. — The rates of annual rent are payable as follows : — (а) For the first period, 10 cents per acre. (б) For the second period, at the rate of 1 per cent, on the unimproved value of the land in the year 1945. (c) For the third period, at the rate of 2 per cent, on the unimproved value of the land in the year 1975. (d) For each subsequent period of thirty years, at the rate of 3 per cent, on the unimproved value of the land assessed every thirty years. Valuation for Bent. — The land is valued at the end of each period, and in the periodical augmentation of such assessment no consideration is taken of the value of improvements effected by the owner. Development Subdivision. — Special conditions Governing at the sale of land are embodied in the lease, and purchasers are also advised to make themselves familiar with the terms of the Crown Lands Ordinance, 1915. Farms must be developed in accordance with Schedule “ B ” attached, and no non-European manager must be placed on any holding without the consent cf the Governor-in-Council. Subdivision of properties is not allowed without special sanction of the Governor- in-Council, and is then governed by special rules. Miscellaneous Information. — Information concerning the products and rainfall of the country can be obtained on reference to the Director of Agriculture, Nairobi. November, 1915. Schedule “ A.” The following schedule sets out the usual survey fees in the High- lands per 1,000 acres up to 5,000 acres. In the coast-lands slightly higher fees obtain, and in land very difficult to survey (such as dense bush and forest land) special fees are added to cover the extra cost of line clearing, etc. 1,000 acres ... Survey Fees. ... Us. 358 2,000 acres ... ... ... Rs.445 3,000 acres ... ... ... ... Rs.538 4,000 acres ... ... Rs.6l8 5,000 acres ... ... Rs 685 36 Schedule >0 (M 0 L- 00 00 l' O »Q C5 ® ^ (M M O (M O^CO^P(MCOCOGO^COQOCOCOQOpiOCp o 525 COCCoboMCOL’PfN^WPl-CcqN^W (N 00 GO P 10 fO (M l- L- © t* l" O GO (N "0 OOWGOOOCOHl-HMfO^WPL'GON 0 H(N^O^WNON«COibHH(N CO O COW^CpHONr-i^ipqJO^OOOQO c$ a ft ft ft ft ft ft CO ft ft 0 ft do ft CO 10 ft ft P^OlO^OOO(?q(NGOI>CHL'-CC^ 9 9 N 00 G^l ^ w 9 9 H a O) M op 0 <1 LO 6 CO H L- 6 i CO t* G 0 0 CO 10 10 L"' LO L PS rS .PH 2 O d O tfgHffs ’SlS'g J8 I •§ s § - fl al-e 1 Is o3a 5 a|.§s5 £■§ ^So*“®^c3«8cSOOE3cjcec8hee APPENDIX E — continued. Yearly Rainfall for Fourteen Years and Under. 38 O ob I I I *> <>* CO £7 | GO GO t- ^ LO I> CO CO CO ^ LO t- 05 CO CO t- GO CO CO CO 1 9 1 ^ I L r r Ip 00 05 ^ CO 1 GO CO 0 | | P ib P 1 05 1 1 o 1 o 1 lb 05i>cq cq co co n hioqo^^»ocoo(Nco©hcoh ! 17 ^ rp uo tH 10 I- ^ CM CM CM ^8 OI t CMcblbrHCMt^COD-obrHOD-OSrH co 10 ^ ^ ^ CO 10 (N ) ^ ibibcb©PCOTtllOI>'rtH»OUOCOCOCOLOCOTjHCOT^lO jqco^ioo^Hio^ooJi^cooffqococqOH 3HCpCqQpcOHOOCl>HOOCCQpHlOOHHC5 5©PPPcbcOlbc0O5COI> 00* CO co 00 00 CO CO I7 17 (M 05 05 CO CO H CO CO CO L7 CM | CO CO rH GO L'- 05 rHrHcbibPPcbPcbcboPcbco * P © go cb © © CO O Tt< L- --JH TlH rt< ^c8 co O CO CO HlOOC0(N(N ipiOCM^OOO^CMl705rHOCpopcOOp0500COO PlbcbcbPcbcOpMpplbPcMpPPlbpcb ^lOiO^OOt^O'rHOiOiOMCO^OOriHCO^COiO 5lOGOO^iOOOt-MCOHVOCOiOP‘iOO^^ qc^HQp77^HHCp5SI70Qpoop'f(NOOO s^ffip-^Hcb^oqcbHOHOcoMOscibcjH *t>ioiocooo^ioi>^cococ'*^co^cocoiOt> ! S > ri? ?i«ii Jig S c5 O q P £ 'J v. "I 1-03 ^ 2 OTJ^-S 2 "P 6 g‘ ***:§ §« g:s.s £>.§ § g § o I'S-S-S'S ICC 5h .2 4» jj* 3 3 ”3 >> § Printed under the authority of His Majesty’s Stationery Office By Jas. Truscott & Son, Ltd., Suffolk L?ne, London, E.C. 4. X '