6 22.007 
 N47<5r 
 
 BULLETIN NO. 17 
 
 INDUSTRIAL CODE 
 
 RULES 
 
 RELATING TO 
 
 Mines and Quarries 
 
 STATE OF NEW YORK 
 
 DEPARTMENT OF LABOR 
 
 STATE INDUSTRIAL COMMISSION 
 
 ALBANY 
 
 NEW YORK OFFICE, 230 FIFTH AVENUE 
 
 -JOHN-MITCHELL, Chairman 
 EDWARD P. LYON JAMES M. LYNCH 
 
 LOUIS WIARD HENRY D. SAYER 
 
 WILLIAM S. COFFEY, Secretary - 
 
 Julyli, 1918 
 
 BUREAU OF INDUSTRIAL CODE 
 
 230 Fifth Avenue, New York City 
 
Law, § 119. Protection of employees in mines, tunnels and quarries. 
 Every necessary precaution shall be taken to insure the safety and health 
 of employees employed in the mines and quarries and in the construc- 
 tion of tunnels in tht state. The industrial board shall have the power 
 to adopt rules and regulations to carry into effect the provisions of 
 this article and %nay amend or repeal rules and regulations heretofore 
 prescribed by the commissioner of labor under the provisions of this 
 article. The rules and regulations heretofore precribed by the commis- 
 sioner of labor under this article shall continue in force until attended 
 or repealed by the industrial board. 
 
 The rules contained in this bulletin were adopted by the State Industrial 
 Commission in accordance with the requirements of sections 51 -a and 52 
 of the Labor Law, and became effective July 1, 1918. 
 
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 RULES AND REGULATIONS RELATING TO MINES 
 
 Rule iooo. Definition of Terms 
 
 (a) Application. These rules shall apply to all mines in the State of New 
 York producing minerals within the meaning of that term, as hereinafter 
 defined. 
 
 (b) Singular and Plural Numbers. For the purpose of these rules, the 
 singular number when used in reference to persons, acts, objects, and things 
 of whatsoever kind and description, shall, whenever the context will permit, 
 be taken and held to import and include the plural number, and the plural 
 number shall similarly be taken and held to import and include the singular. 
 
 (c) Mine. The term “mine” shall include prospect openings, pits, banks 
 and open-cut workings employing an average of five (5) or more men, and 
 shall embrace any and all parts of the property of such “mine” and mining 
 plant, on the surface or underground, that contribute directly or indirectly 
 to the mining or handling of minerals. Provided, that when a group of 
 workings in proximity to one another and under one management are 
 administered as distinct units, each working shall be considered a separate 
 mine. 
 
 (d) Mineral. The term “mineral” shall mean whatever is recognized by 
 the standard authorities as mineral, whether metalliferous or non-metal- 
 liferous, but shall not be held to embrace or include coal, lignite, gas, oil, 
 or any substances when extracted in solution or in the molten state through 
 bore holes. 
 
 (e) Operator. The term “operator” shall mean the person, firm, or body 
 corporate in immediate possession of any mine and its accessories as owner 
 or lessee thereof, and as such responsible for the condition and management 
 thereof. 
 
 (f) Superintendent. The term “superintendent” shall mean the person 
 having immediate supervision of the operation. 
 
 (g) Mine Foreman. The term “mine foreman” shall mean a person who 
 at any one time is charged with the general direction of the underground 
 work. 
 
 (h) Excavations or Workings. The terms' “ excavations ” and “workings” 
 shall signify any or all parts of a mine excavated or being excavated, includ- 
 ing shafts, raises, tunnels, entries, galleries, open cuts, and all working places, 
 whether abandoned or in use. 
 
 (i) Number of Men. Whenever the expression “number of men” or 
 “ average number of men ” employed in a mine is used in these rules, as defin- 
 ing or constituting classes of mines to which these rules do or do not apply, 
 such expression shall be construed to mean the average number of men 
 employed during the previous year, as shown by the returns to the mine 
 inspector or by the books or pay roll of the mine, or by all of such means, 
 and such average number shall be determined by dividing the total number 
 of man shifts by the number of days the mine was worked during such period. 
 
 [3] 
 
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 ( j ) Magazine. The term “ magazine ” as used in these rules shall be held 
 to mean and include any building or other structure or place in which explo- 
 sives are stored or kept, whether above or below ground. 
 
 (k) Explosive. The term “explosive” or “explosives” shall be held to 
 mean and to include any chemical compound or any mixture that contains 
 any oxidizing and combustible units or other ingredients in such proportions, 
 quantities or packing, that an ignition by fire, by friction, by concussion, by 
 percussion, or by detonation of any part of the compound or mixture may 
 cause such a sudden generation of highly heated gases that the resultant 
 pressures are capable of producing destructive effects on contiguous objects 
 or of destroying life and limb. 
 
 ( l ) Person. The term “ person ” shall be held to mean and include a 
 firm or body corporate as well as natural persons. 
 
 (m) Underground. The term “underground” shall be held to mean within 
 the limits of any mine working or excavation. 
 
 (n) Employees. The term “employees” and “men employed” shall be 
 held to mean all men receiving compensation from the operator, directly or 
 indirectly, for labor or services performed in connection with the mine, and 
 shall include contractors, lessors, lessees, tributers, or anyone else similarly 
 employed. 
 
 (o) Approved. The term “approved” shall be held to mean approved by 
 the Industrial Commission. 
 
 Rule i oo i. General* 
 
 (a) The operator and superintendent of every mine shall use every reason- 
 able precaution to insure the safety of the workmen in the mine in all cases, 
 whether provided for in these rule or not. 
 
 (b) All defects in or damage or injury to machinery or timbering, or to 
 apparatus and equipment generally in and about a mine, all unsafe or dan- 
 gerous conditions in any part of the mine, and all accidents occurring in 
 the course of mining operations, other than those of a purely minor charac- 
 ter, even though not resulting in personal injury, shall be promptly reported 
 to the mine foreman or superintendent by the person observing the same. 
 
 (c) Wages shall not be paid on any premises used for the sale of intoxi- 
 cating liquors. 
 
 (d) Each workman employed in the mine, when first engaged, shall have 
 his attention directed to the general and special rules provided for in these 
 rules. 
 
 Rule 1002. Superintendent 
 
 The operator of every mine shall appoint a man who shall be personally 
 in charge of the mine and the performance of the work done therein, who 
 shall be designated as the “ superintendent ” ; provided, however, that nothing 
 herein contained shall prevent the owner or operator of any mine from per- 
 sonally filling the office of superintendent. 
 
 The superintendent of every mine shall inspect or cause some competent 
 person or persons appointed by him to inspect all mining appliances, boilers, 
 engines, magazines, shafts, shaft houses, underground workings, roof, pillars, 
 timbers, explosives, bell ropes, speaking tubes, telephone, tracks, ladders, dry 
 
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 closets, and all parts and appliances of said mine in actual use, and any 
 such person or persons appointed by the said superintendent shall at once 
 report any defect therein to the superintendent. It shall be the duty of 
 the superintendent, upon ascertaining such defects, to take immediate steps 
 to remedy the same, so as to make the same comply with the provisions of 
 these rules, and he shall forthwith notify the operator of said mine or quarry 
 of the existence of such defects. It shall be the duty of the superintendent 
 to appoint a competent man to have full charge, under the direction of said 
 superintendent, of every magazine containing explosives situated on such 
 mining property, and to make such other appointments and perform such 
 other duties as are provided by these rules to be performed by 
 such superintendent. 
 
 Rule 1003. Care of Injured 
 
 It shall be the duty of operators, superintendents, or anyone in charge of 
 any mine, to keep at such place about the mine as may be designated by the 
 Industrial Commission, a stretcher, a woolen blanket, and a waterproof 
 blanket in good, condition for use in carrying any person who may be injured 
 at the mine. Where more than one hundred ( 100 ) persons are employed, 
 two (2) stretchers, two (2) woolen blankets and two (2) waterproof blankets 
 shall be kept. At all mines an adequate supply of materials shall be kept 
 readily accessible for the treatment of anyone injured, and shall include the 
 following in suitable quantity: First-aid outfits consisting of one extra-long 
 gauze bandage with compress sewed in its center, one triangular bandage 
 with methods of application printed thereon, two safety pins, and one card 
 of instructions; large first-aid dressings for wounds; packages of sterilized 
 gauze; assorted bandages; United States Army tourniquet; carbolated 
 vaseline or boric acid ointment; packages of picric acid gauze; wooden or 
 wire-gauze splints; packages of absorbent cotton; safety pins; shears; 
 tweezers; aromatic spirits of ammonia; paper cups; first-aid book of instruc- 
 tions; soap; basins; towels. Furthermore, in all mines where one hundred 
 (100) or more men are employed, a first-aid corps shall be organized, consist- 
 ing of the foreman or foremen, shift bosses*, timekeepers, or other employees 
 designated by the superintendent; and it shall be the duty of the operator 
 or superintendent of the mine to cause the organization of such employees 
 and to procure the services of a competent person to instruct the members 
 of such first-aid corps from time to time, not less than once in every three 
 months, in the proper handling and treatment of injured persons before the 
 arrival of a physician; except that where a hospital is maintained in connec- 
 tion with the mine, there shall be provided only such first-aid equipment as 
 may be reasonably necessary to prepare the injured employee for removal to 
 the hospital. 
 
 Rule 1004. Mine Maps 
 
 The operator of every mine shall make and maintain, or cause to be made 
 and maintained by a competent engineer or surveyor, a clear and accurate 
 map, or maps, of uniform scale, not less than one hundred (100) feet to the 
 inch, with sections, showing, clearly all the workings of such mine. At least 
 once in every six (6) months, or oftener, if necessary, the operator or super- 
 intendent of each mine shall cause to be shown clearly and accurately on the 
 
6 
 
 map or maps of such mine all the excavations made therein during the time 
 elapsed since such excavations were last shown on such map or maps, and all 
 parts of such mine that shall have been worked out or abandoned during said 
 elapsed period of time shall be clearly indicated on said map or maps, and all 
 underground workings shall be surveyed and mapped before they are allowed 
 to become inaccessible. Such maps shall at all times be open to the examina- 
 tion of the Industrial Commission. In the event of the closing of a mine 
 under conditions that will result in its workings becoming inaccessible, the 
 maps herein specified, or certified copies of them, shall be filed with the 
 Industrial Commission. 
 
 Rule 1005 . Inflammable Material 
 
 (a) It shall be the duty of the operator of every mine in which oils and 
 other dangerous inflammable materials are used, to store such materials, or 
 cause them to be stored, in a covered building kept solely for such storage, 
 which building shall be at least one hundred ( 100 ) feet from any shaft, tun- 
 nel, or other mine opening, or any building directly connected with a mine 
 opening, and at least three hundred (300) feet from any powder magazine; 
 provided, that gasoline, naphtha, distillate, and fuel oils may be stored in a 
 tank or tanks buried in the ground, which tank or tanks shall be provided 
 with proper vents, and shall be placed at least fifty (50) feet from any shaft, 
 tunnel, or other mine opening, or any building directly connected with a mine 
 opening, and at least three hundred (300) feet from any powder magazine; 
 and provided further, that lubricating oils may be stored in a well-constructed 
 covered building, which shall be at least fifty (50) feet from any shaft, tunnel, 
 or other mine opening, or any building directly connected with a mine open- 
 ing, and at least three hundred (300) feet from any powder magazine. No 
 tank shall be installed from which oil is to be conducted by gravity to the 
 point of combustion, unless such tank shall be so located that escaping oil 
 cannot run over the surface from such tank to any building, within one hun- 
 dred ( 100 ) feet of any mine opening. 
 
 (b) The man in charge of such building or tank or tanks, who shall be 
 the superintendent or a person expressly designated by him, shall permit only 
 sufficient oil or other inflammable material to be taken from such building 
 or tank or tanks to meet the requirements of paragraph (c). If any oil or 
 gasoline storage be so situated that leakage would permit the oil or gasoline 
 to flow within the above specified distances, means to prevent such flow must 
 be provided. 
 
 (c) Oil, either lubricating or illuminating, shall not be taken into the 
 underground workings of any mine, or kept therein in quantities greater than 
 necessary to afford three days’ supply, except when the transportation 
 and storage are arranged for in a manner satisfactory to the Industrial 
 Commission. 
 
 (d) The storage of gasoline, naphtha and other distillates underground is 
 prohibited; provided, however, that a supply sufficient for one day’s operation 
 of blow torches, fuel burning engines or locomotives may be kept in the tank 
 or tanks attached to such equipment. 
 
 (e) Waste timber or old timber shall not be stored and permitted to decay 
 in the mine but shall be removed from the mine promptly. Empty boxes, 
 wooden chips, paper and combustible rubbish of all kinds shall not be allowed 
 to accumulate underground. 
 
( 
 
 EXPLOSIVES 
 
 Rule 1006 . Storage of Explosives 
 
 (a) Sufficient explosives may be stored within a mine to meet the estimated 
 requirements of such mine during the succeeding twenty-four hours, and an 
 additional twenty-four hours’ supply of explosives may be taken within the 
 mine for the purpose of thawing the same in accordance with the provisions 
 of Rule 1008, but in no event shall any greater supply of explosives be taken 
 into or stored in the mine than is required to meet the estimated requirements 
 of the mine during the succeeding forty-eight hours. 
 
 (b) No explosives shall be kept at any place within a mine where its acci- 
 dental discharge would cut off the escape of miners working therein. 
 
 (c) All daily supplies of explosives within the mine shall be kept in stout, 
 tight boxes with hinged lids, which shall be kept securely locked except at 
 such times as explosives are being placed therein or removed therefrom, from 
 which the explosives shall be removed only as required for immediate use. 
 It shall be unlawful to keep such boxes containing explosives near electric 
 conductors other than lighting circuits, or in any required manway or adja- 
 cent to shaft landings, or to permit any grains or particles of such explosives 
 to be or remain on the outside or about the containers in which such explo- 
 sives are held. Black blasting powder and high explosives shall not be kept 
 in the same box, and not more than seventy-five (75) pounds of explosives 
 shall be kept in such box. 
 
 (d) When more than seventy-five (75) pounds of explosives are kept in an 
 underground magazine, they shall be distributed by an authorized and compe- 
 tent person or persons. Such underground magazine may consist of a separate 
 drift or chamber, the walls of which shall be of fireproof material or of wood 
 covered with sheet iron. The entrance to such underground magazine shall 
 be kept securely locked, except when it has to be entered by the person or 
 persons in charge thereof. 
 
 (e) Keys and access to daily supply chests shall not be allowed to any 
 person other than a blaster, or duly authorized person. 
 
 (f) All explosives, in excess of the temporary supply authorized to be 
 taken into or stored in the mine, shall be stored in a magazine above ground. 
 
 (g) All detonators shall be stored above ground in a suitable magazine or 
 magazines, properly protected against molestation; provided, that a sufficient 
 supply for the needs of the mine for forty-eight (48) hours may be stored 
 underground, as hereinbefore stated. No detonators shall be stored within 
 twenty (20) feet of other explosives underground. No detonator shall be 
 taken into any magazine containing other explosives. No fuses shall be 
 capped with detonators in any magazine or in any other place where deto- 
 nators or other explosives are stored, but special benches shall be provided 
 at least twenty ( 20 ) feet from such storage places, where all fuses shall be 
 capped. Cap crimpers shall be furnished in sufficient quantity to avoid the 
 necessity of crimping in any other way. No detonator shall be transported 
 with other explosives except when made into a primer with such other 
 explosive. 
 
 (h) All magazines located above ground shall be bullet-proof. 
 
 (i) Fuse shall not be stored underground for a longer period than forty- 
 eight (48) hours. 
 
8 
 
 (j) When supplies of explosives or fuse are removed from a magazine, 
 those that have been longest in the magazine shall be taken first. Packages 
 of explosives shall be removed to a safe distance from the magazine before 
 being opened, and no such package shall be opened with any metallic 
 instrument. 
 
 Rule 1007. Marking of Explosives, Detonators and Fuses 
 
 It shall be unlawful for the operator or superintendent of any mine to per- 
 mit the use within such mine of any explosive, or any blasting caps or deto- 
 nators, or fuse, unless there shall be printed or marked on every original 
 package containing explosives, the name and place of business of the manu- 
 facturer of such explosive, the date of its manufacture (if the date of 
 manufacture is in code, the key to such code shall be furnished on applica- 
 tion ) , and its character and grade ; andt on every original package containing 
 such fuse, the name and place of business of the manufacturer of such fuse, 
 and the date of its manufacture (if the date of manufacture is in code, the 
 key to such code shall be furnished on application) ; and on every original 
 package containing blasting caps or detonators, the name and place of busi- 
 ness of the manufacturer of such blasting caps or detonators, the date of 
 their manufactur (if the date of manufacture is in code, the key to such 
 code shall be furnished on application), and their grade. 
 
 In emergencies, or when approved by the Commission, one manufacturer 
 may supply explosives for another manufacturer, under the latter’s brand. 
 
 It is recommended that employers provide common or safety fuse of uni- 
 form speed, preferably ninety ( 90 ) seconds per yard. 
 
 Rule 1008. Conveying, Thawing, Blasting, Misfires, Etc. 
 
 (a) The superintendent shall appoint a sufficient number of experienced 
 blasters to handle explosives and to do blasting. 
 
 (b) All foremen and gang bosses shall be experienced blasters and shall 
 supervise the handling of explosives and see that blasting operations are car- 
 ried on in accordance with the rules and regulations herein prescribed. 
 
 (c) The daily quantity of explosives shall be brought at regular time daily 
 to mine entrance, and taken directly to suitable receptacles, as herein 
 described. 
 
 (d) Detonators shall not be carried into the mine with other explosives, 
 nor shall any person ride in the same cage, skip or car with explosives. 
 
 (e) No blaster shall attempt to use any dynamite that is frozen, nor deto- 
 nators of less than No. 6 strength. 
 
 (f) No quantity greater than is sufficient for daily use shall be artificially 
 thawed at one time. 
 
 (g) Only approved methods of thawing shall be permitted. 
 
 (h) No person shall approach or open chests or magazines containing 
 explosives, nor prime while using naked light. 
 
 (i) Fuse may be kept with detonators and all crimping of caps on fuse 
 shall be done with proper crimper and at least twenty ( 20) feet away from 
 explosives. 
 
 (j) Chests containing daily supply of explosives shall be protected from 
 derailed cars, and from blasts and falls. 
 
9 
 
 (k) No tools or other articles shall be kept with the explosives or with the 
 detonators, except that the detonator chest may contain one or more crimpers, 
 and the explosive chest may contain a hardwood wedge and mallet. 
 
 (l) All drill holes shall be of sufficient bore to admit of the free insertion 
 to the bottom of the hole of a cartridge of explosive without ramming or 
 removing the dynamite from its original wrapper, except for block holes. 
 
 (m) Fuse shall not be laced through cartridges for forming a primer. 
 
 (n) Foreman or shift boss shall, before drilling is commenced on any 
 shift, ascertain whether all holes fired on the previous shift have been 
 exploded, and shall cause all remaining holes to be examined with a wooden 
 stick for unexplodedJ charges or cartridges, and if any are found, same shall 
 be retired or a new hole drilled and fired before regular drilling is commenced. 
 
 (o) Explosives shall not be extracted from a hole which has once been 
 charged; the tamping only may be withdrawn sufficiently to allow a missed 
 shot being fired by insertion of fresh additional charge of primer. 
 
 (p) Blaster shall be furnished with hard wood rod's for tamping, and he 
 shall not tamp or load any hole with a metal bar, nor shall the wooden rod 
 have any metal parts; except that where black powder with no detonator is 
 used, tamping will be permitted with a copper-tipped tamping rod. 
 
 (qi Firing shall be done by safety fuse or approved battery or from an 
 electric current or not over two hundred and fifty (250) volts, provided a 
 suitable switch is used, as hereinafter described. Other methods of firing 
 may be permitted upon application and approval by the Industrial 
 Commission. 
 
 (r) When firing by electricity from power or lighting wires in any mine, 
 a proper switch shall be furnished with lever down when * off.” The switch 
 shall be fixed in a locked box, to which no person shall have access except 
 the blaster. The lead wires shall be furnished with plugs and shall not be 
 connected with the switch till ready to* fire. After blasting, the switch lever 
 shall be pulled out, the wires disconnected, and the box locked before any 
 person shall be allowed to return, and shall remain so locked until again 
 ready to blast. 
 
 (s) All power lines and electric light wires shall be disconnected at a point 
 outside the blasting switch before explosives are taken in and loading of holes 
 is proceeded with. No current by grounding of power or lighting wires or 
 banded rails shall be allowed beyond blasting switch after explosives are taken 
 in preparatory to blasting, and under no circumstances shall grounded cur- 
 rent be used for exploding blasts. 
 
 (t) The blaster shall cause a sufficient warning to be sounded and shall be 
 responsible that all persons retreat to safe shelter before he sets off blast, and 
 shall also see that none return until he reports it safe for them. He shall 
 report to the mine foreman and furnish names of all persons refusing to obey 
 his caution. Suitable and convenient shelters shall be provided. 
 
 (u) When a blaster fires a round of holes, he shall count the number of 
 shots exploding, except in case of instantaneous blasting by electricity. If 
 there are any misfires, he shall report the same to the gang boss or foreman. 
 The blaster shall not leave until he has placed a wooden plug painted red, 
 or other proper danger signal, in the mouth of the missed hole. If a missed 
 hole has not been fired at the end of the shift, that fact, together with the 
 
10 
 
 position of the hole, shall be reported by the mine foreman or shift boss to 
 the mine foreman or shift boss in charge of the next relay of miners, before 
 work is commenced by them. 
 
 (v) No person shall be allowed to deepen holes that have previously con- 
 tained explosives. 
 
 (w) All wires in broken ore or rock shall be carefully traced and search 
 made for unexploded cartridges. 
 
 (x) Whenever blasting is being done in a mine at points liable to break 
 through to where other men are at work, the foreman or person in charge 
 shall, before any holes are loaded, give warning of danger to all persons that 
 may be working where the blasts may break through, and he shall not allow 
 any holes to be charged until warning is acknowledged and men are removed. 
 
 (y) Blasters, when testing circuit through charged holes, shall use sufficient 
 leading wires to be at a safe distance, and shall use only approved types of 
 galvanometers. No tests of circuits in charged holes shall be made until men 
 are removed to safe distance. 
 
 (z) No blasts shall be fired with fuse in vertical or steep shafts from 
 which men have been hoisted to safety. 
 
 (aa) A daily record of all misfires shall be kept at the mine office, giving 
 name of loading blaster and name of blaster that refired it. 
 
 Rule 1009. Hoisting Engineer 
 
 (a) It shall be the duty of every superintendent of every mine having a 
 hoisting engine to appoint and designate one or more men, who shall be able 
 to speak and read the English language readily, to be known as hoisting 
 engineers. At all shafts where men are hoisted or lowered, such hoisting 
 engineers shall be not less than twenty-one (21) years of age, and at shafts 
 where men are not so hoisted or lowered, they shall be not less than eighteen 
 (18) years of age. It shall be the duty of every superintendent to appoint 
 as hoisting engineers men who are familiar with the details and working 
 of a hoisting engine, and except in case of emergency, to permit no one other 
 than such duly appointed hoisting engineers to run such engine or hoisting 
 machinery; except that, by and with the consent of the superintendent, speci- 
 fied apprentices may be taught the operation of the hoisting engine at such 
 times and under such restrictions as the superintendent may determine to be 
 free of risk to life and limb. 
 
 (b) At very mine in which fifty (50) or more men per shift are to be 
 hoisted or lowered at the beginning or ending of shift, there shall be with the 
 hoisting engineer an extra man competent to operate the engine. 
 
 » 
 
 Rule 1010. Hoisting 
 
 (a) The superintendent of the mine shall establish for each shaft rates of 
 speed for the cages, skips, buckets, or other conveyances that shall not be 
 exceeded in the hoisting or lowering of men, and he shall post a notice of 
 such limitation in a conspicuous place near each hoisting engine; such rates 
 of speed shall not exceed the maximum approved by the Industrial 
 Commission. 
 
 (b) The superintendent of the mine shall determine the maximum number 
 of men that in his judgment may safely ride on each cage, skip, bucket, or 
 
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 other conveyance used in the mine under his supervision, and shall post in a 
 conspicuous place near each shaft a notice stating the maximum number of 
 persons so permitted to ride and forbidding the carrying of any greater 
 number. At the beginning and ending of each shift the mine foreman or 
 shift boss, or some other responsible person appointed by the superintendent, 
 shall be stationed on the loading platforms or landing places of each shaft 
 where men are to be hoisted and lowered', and shall prevent any greater 
 number of men than that permitted by order of the superintendent 
 to enter upon or into any cage, skip, bucket, or other conveyance, and shall 
 remain at such stations until the last man about to ascend or descend the 
 shaft shall have entered the cage, skip, bucket, or other conveyance. And at 
 the end of the shift, the man in charge of work on each level of the mine 
 from which the men are to be hoisted shall post himself in the station of the 
 shaft at that level, and shall prevent any greater number of men than the 
 maximum permitted by the superintendent of the mine to enter upon or into 
 any cage, skip, bucket, or other conveyance, and shall remain in this station 
 until the last man to ascend' shall have entered upon or into the cage, skip, 
 bucket, or other conveyance. The number of persons permitted to ride, as 
 determined by the superintendent, shall not exceed the maximum approved by 
 the Industrial Commission. 
 
 (c) During such other times when men are hoisted or lowered by cage or 
 other conveyance, except a bucket, such cage or other conveyance shall be 
 operated under the charge of a person or persons appointed as conductors or 
 starters, and no person other than these conductors or starters shall give any 
 signal for the movement of the cage or other conveyance. 
 
 (d) In hoisting or lowering men with a bucket, the speed, except in the 
 case of apprehended danger, shall not exceed two hundred (200) feet per 
 minute when the bucket is within one hundred (100) feet of the surface, or 
 five hundred (500) feet per minute in any other part of the shaft. 
 
 Rule ion. Safeguards Against Overwinding 
 
 (a) For the purpose of safeguarding life, provision against overwinding, 
 approved by the Industrial Commission, shall be installed. 
 
 (b) The operator of a mine shall install in every shaft through which 
 more than fifty (50) men are hoisted per shift, by cage, skip or man car, a 
 device which shall give a warning signal in the engine room whenever the 
 cage or skip in ascending reaches a point not less than sixty (60) feet below 
 the limit of travel of the cage or skip. 
 
 Rule ioi 2 . Duties of Hoisting Engineer 
 
 (a) It shall be the duty of every hoisting engineer to keep a careful watch 
 over his engine and over all machinery under his charge. 
 
 (b) He shall, while on duty, be in immediate charge of his engine, and 
 shall not at any time delegate any of his duties to any other person, except 
 to apprentices duly designated, as provided in these rules. 
 
 (c) He shall familiarize himself with and use the signal code posted in the 
 engine room, as hereinafter provided. 
 
 id) He shall not run his engine unless the same is properly provided with 
 brakes, indicators, and distance marks on hoisting ropes or cables, as provided 
 in these rules. 
 
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 (e) It shall be the duty of the hoisting engineer to exclude every person 
 from his engine-room, excepting any person or persons whose duties require 
 their presence therein, and visitors authorized by the superintendent of the 
 mine. 
 
 (f) He shall hold no conversation with anyone while his engine is in 
 motion,, or while attending to signals. 
 
 (g) He shall not hoist men out of, or lower men into, any mine or shaft 
 at a speed greater than the rate posted in the engine-room. 
 
 (h) He shall inspect all hoisting machinery and safety appliances con- 
 nected therewith, and shall report any defects found therein. 
 
 (i) After any stoppage of hoisting for repairs or for any other purpose 
 exceeding in duration one hour, he shall run a bucket, skip, cage, or other 
 conveyance, on which no men shall ride, up and down the working part of 
 the shaft at least once, and shall not permit the bucket, skip, cage, or other 
 conveyance to be used for hoisting or lowering men until the hoisting 
 machinery and shaft shall have been found to be in safe condition. 
 
 (j) He shall do no hoisting in any compartment of a shaft while repairs 
 are being made in the said hoisting compartment except such hoisting as may 
 be necessary to make such repairs. 
 
 (k) He shall not turn over the charge of the engine to his relief at change 
 of shift, or at any other time, while the bucket, skip, cage, or other convey- 
 ance is in motion. 
 
 Rule 1013. Hoisting Ropes 
 
 (a) No operator of any mine shall use any rope or cable for hoisting or 
 lowering men when such hoisting or lowering is done by any means other 
 than human or animal power, unless such rope or cable shall be composed of 
 metal wires, with a factor of safety determined as hereinafter set forth; 
 provided, however, that such metal wires may be laid around a hemp center. 
 
 (b) The factor of safety of all such ropes or cables shall in no case be less 
 than five ( 5 ) . 
 
 (c) No head or angle sheave of a diameter less than sixty (60) times the 
 diameter of the rope shall be used for hoisting or lowering men. 
 
 (d) There shall not be used any rope or cable for the raising or lowering 
 of men, either when the number of breaks in any consecutive ten (10) feet 
 of said rope exceeds ten (10) per cent of the total number of wires composing 
 the rope, or when the wires on the crown of the strands are worn down to 
 less than sixty (60) per cent of their original area, or when the superficial 
 inspection provided for in these rules shows marked signs of corrosion.- 
 
 (e) All ropes used for lioising or lowering mien shall be thoroughly inspected 
 once in every week by some competent' person designated for the purpose by 
 the superintendent. If upon any inspection, such hoisting rope or cable shall 
 be found to be below the requirements set forth in these rules, it shall be 
 discontinued for such purpose forthwith. 
 
 (f ) Every rope used for hoisting or lowering men shall be securely fastened 
 at both ends, and when- in use shall never be fully unwound; at least two 
 (2) full turns shall remain always on the drum or reel. The end of the 
 rope attached to the conveyance in the shaft shall either be securely fastened 
 within a tapered socket or else it shall be bound around an oval thimble and 
 then fastened to itself by splicing or by the use of three or moTe clamps. 
 
13 
 
 Rule 1014. Cages for Hoisting Men 
 
 In all shafts an iron bonneted safety cage shall he used for hoisting and 
 lowering men; but this provision shall not apply to shafts in the process of 
 sinking. 
 
 It shall be the duty of the operator to have all cages in which men are 
 hoisted and lowered, used in such shafts, constructed as follows, or in a 
 manner equally safe: — The bonnet shall be of two ( 2 ) steel plates not less 
 than three-sixteenths ( 3 / 16 ) of an inch in thickness, sloping toward each 
 side, and so arranged that they may be readily pushed upward to afford 
 egress to persons therein, and such bonnet shall cover the top of the cage 
 in such manner as to protect persons on the cage from, objects falling in the 
 shaft. The cage shall be provided with metal plate or wire mesh siding, not 
 greater than two (2) inch mesh, the wires of which shall be not less than 
 No. 8 U. S. standard gauge, and with gates either hung on hinges opening 
 inwardly or working in slides; when men are being hoisted or lowered such 
 gates shall be closed before the car is put in motion. Every cage shall be 
 provided with an approved safety catch of sufficient strength to hold the cage 
 or skip with its maximum load at any point in the shaft, in the event that 
 the hoisting cable should break. 
 
 Rule 1015. Two (2) Openings to Surface 
 
 It shall be the duty of every operator of every mine, except as hereinafter 
 provided, to maintain at least two (2) outlets to the surface from such mine, 
 or an underground communicating passageway between such mine and some 
 other mine, so that there shall be at all times at least two (2) distinct and 
 available means of access to the surface to all persons employed in such mine. 
 Such outlets shall not be less than two hundred ( 200 ) feet apart, and there 
 shall be between them a space not less than one hundred (100) feet in width 
 free of buildings or inflammable material. 
 
 Provided, however, that the above requirements shall not apply in the case 
 of: (a) Shafts or mines in process of being connected, to comply with the 
 terms of this rule; (b) Shafts, winzes, adit levels, tunnels, and drifts to 
 prospect for and develop mineral substances, but not for the extraction of 
 mineral substances, except such as may be extracted in the course of such 
 prospecting and developing work; (c) Any mine in which one of the shafts 
 or outlets shall have temporarily become unavailable for the persons employed 
 in the mine, and in which every effort is being made by the operator of the 
 mine to open such temporarily unavailable outlet, and provided the same 
 is not, in the opinion of the Industrial Commission, dangerous to the life 
 and health of those employed therein; (d) mines having workings less than 
 one hundred ( 100 ) feet deep and extending less than three hundred ( 300 ) 
 feet from the shaft in any direction, but not mines opened primarily by an 
 adit level or tunnel; and (e) mines opened by an adit level, tunnel or drift 
 less than one thousand (1,000) feet in length; and provided, further, that 
 mines opened by an inclined shaft of less than twenty (20) degrees angle 
 from the horizontal shall be considered for the purpose of these rules as 
 equivalent to a mine opened by an adit level, tunnel or drift. 
 
 Provided, further, that any prospecting or development, exempt under 
 exception (b) from providing two (2) outlets to the surface, shall not permit 
 
14 
 
 more than twenty-five ( 25 ) men to work underground at any one time. The 
 exemption granted under the provisions of subdivision (b) may be withdrawn 
 by the Industrial Commission, when after investigation, it appears that the 
 operation has extended' beyond the prospecting or developing stage. 
 
 Provided, however, that in mines opened by adit levels, slopes, or both, 
 the Industrial Commission may waive the requirements of this rule, when 
 after investigation by the Industrial Commission, existing conditions are, in 
 its opinion, found to be such that the safety of the occupants would not be 
 endangered thereby. 
 
 Rule 1016. Openings Through Other Mines 
 
 When a common communicating escapement outlet is established between 
 mines, such outlet shall be maintained clear of obstruction to travel, and 
 intervening doors, if any, shall be kept unlocked and ready at all times for 
 immediate use. 
 
 In the event that escape by such communicating outlet be cut off the 
 owner or operator, upon whose property the secondary outlet is rendered 
 unavailable, shall immediately notify the owner or operator of the adjoining 
 mine and the Industrial Commission. 
 
 Rule 1017. Mines Having Only One Outlet 
 
 In every mine where, under the provisions of Rule 1015 of these rules, 
 only one outlet is required, and where a single shaft affords the only means 
 of ingress or egress to persons employed underground, such shaft shall be 
 divided into at least two ( 2 ) compartments by solid partitions. One of said 
 compartments shall be set aside for use as a ladderway and no hoisting 
 conveyance shall be allowed therein. Whenever such shaft shall be covered 
 by a non-fireproof building, it shall be the duty of the operator of said mine 
 to cause said ladderway to be securely bulkheaded at a point at least twenty- 
 five ( 25 ) feet below the collar of the shaft ; and below this bulkhead a passage- 
 way shall be driven to the surface so as to have its outlet in no case less than 
 thirty ( 30 ) feet beyond the walls of the building covering the main shaft. 
 The said passageway shall be equipped with a ladderway when necessary, 
 as provided in Rule 1019 of these rules and shall be kept in good repair and 
 shall afford an easy exit in the event of fire. Every mine opened by adit 
 level or tunnel or by an inclined shaft or slope of less than twenty (20) 
 degrees angle from the horizontal, which is less than one thousand (1,000) 
 feet in length, shall have a similar side outlet, if covered by a non-fireproof 
 building. 
 
 Rule 1018. Protection of Outlets Against Fire 
 
 It shall be unlawful for the operator of any mine after the passage of these 
 rules to erect any combustible structure over the shaft, tunnel, or other 
 mine opening, except open headframe necessary for hoisting from such shaft 
 or other mine opening, and the hatch or door necessary for closing such shaft 
 or other mine opening. Provided, however, that a housing of non-inflammable 
 and fireproof material may be erected over any shaft, tunnel or other mine 
 opening to protect the men working at such point. 
 
 It shall be the duty of every operator to provide every adit, tunnel, inclined 
 shaft, or slope of less than twenty (20) degrees angle from the horizontal 
 
15 
 
 the mouth of which is covered by a building or house of any kind, with a 
 tightly- fitting door near the mouth of such adit, tunnel, inclined shaft, 
 or slope of less than twenty ( 20 ) degrees angle from the horizontal that can 
 be closed from the outside of the building by a pull wire or cable. 
 
 Rule 1019 . Ladders and Ladderways 
 
 It shall be the duty of the operator of every mine to provide in addition to 
 any mechanical means of ingress and egress, at least one means of outlet for 
 the miners by means of ladders from the lowest workings of the mine to the 
 surface. Except in the case of swinging or extension ladders used for shaft 
 sinking all ladders and ladderways hereafter constructed shall be built as 
 prescribed in the following rules: 
 
 (a) The distance between the centers of the rungs of a ladder shall not 
 exceed fourteen (14) inches and shall not vary more than one (1) inch in 
 any one ladderway. The length of the ladder rungs (width of ladder) shall 
 not be less than twelve ( 12 ) inches. 
 
 (b) The rungs of a ladder shall in no case be less than three (3) inches 
 from the wall or other obstruction in the shaft or opening in which the ladder 
 shall be used. 
 
 (c) Every main ladderway with an inclination of more than seventy (70) 
 degrees from the horizontal, the distance between the top and bottom of which 
 is more than fifty (50) feet, shall have substantial platforms at intervals 
 of not more than thirty (30) feet, measured vertically. Where the inclina- 
 tion of any ladder or section of a ladder, in main ladderways, exceeds eighty 
 (80) degrees from the horizontal, all ladder sections shall be placed at one 
 and the same side of the main shaft, and shall be inclined in the same 
 direction. 
 
 (d) All such platforms, except for an opening large enough to permit the 
 passage of a man, shall be closely covered, or protected by railings. 
 
 (e) Ladders shall project at least three (3) feet above every platform in 
 the ladderway and at least three ( 3 ) feet above the collar of the shaft, unless 
 secure hand holds are fixed at such places. 
 
 (f) In ladderways, other than main ladderways, not exceeding fifty (50) 
 feet in depth or height, ladders may be fixed vertically. 
 
 (g) Under no circumstances shall any ladder inclining backward from the 
 vertical be installed. 
 
 (h) Ladderways shall be provided in all shafts steeper than thirty (30) 
 degrees from the horizontal in the course of sinking to within such a distance 
 from the bottom thereof as will secure them from damage by blasting. From 
 the end of such ladderways, chain, wire rope or wooden extension ladders, or 
 chains to reach to the bottom of the shaft shall be provided. 
 
 Rule 1020 . Ventilation 
 
 The operator of every mine, whether operated by shaft, slope, tunnel, 
 adit level, or drift, shall provide and maintain for every such mine a good 1 
 and sufficient amount of ventilation for such men and animals as may be 
 employed therein, and shall cause an adequate quantity of pure air to cir- 
 culate through and into all the shafts, winzes, levels, and all the working 
 places of such mine. 
 
16 
 
 Note: It is strongly recommended, that the recommendations as prepared 
 by the Bureau of Mines from time to time be followed. 
 
 Rule 1021. Sanitation — Dry Closets, Drinking Water, Change Houses, Etc. 
 
 It shall be the duty of the operator of every mine, for the purpose of improv- 
 ing the sanitation thereof and preserving the health of those employed therein, 
 to provide dry closets, water closets, chemical closets, or closet cars upon all 
 main working levels, for the use of all men employed in the mine. At least 
 one ( 1 ) such closet shall be provided for every twenty- five ( 25 ) men employed 
 within the mine. Ready means of access to each such closet shall be provided 
 by the operator. No closet shall be constructed without adequate provision 
 for the effectual cleansing and removing of the contents thereof, which shall 
 be removed and disposed of at least twice a week. It shall he the duty of 
 the mine foreman to cause each dry closet to be supplied with some disin- 
 fectant or deodorizer to be sprinkled upon the contents thereof. It shall be 
 the duty of all men employed within any mine where such closets are provided 
 to use such closets exclusively when in the mine. Provided, however, that 
 this rule shall not apply to any mine where the operator or superintendent 
 prefers to permit the men to go to the surface, and requires the men so to 
 do. 
 
 Every stable or other place underground used for the housing of mules, 
 horses or other animals, shall be kept thoroughly cleaned and the waste con- 
 tents thereof removed to the surface. 
 
 It shall also be the duty of the operator of every mine to provide a good 
 quantity of drinking water for the use of all men employed in the mine, a 
 supply of which shall be provided on each main working level, and it shall 
 be the further duty of the superintendent to cause such supply of drinking 
 water to be adequately protected from contamination. 
 
 The operator of every mine employing more than twenty-five ( 25 ) men 
 underground, shall provide a wash and change house, and such wash and 
 change house shall be adequately heated, lighted and with sufficient water 
 supply of warm water available to the men, open at all reasonable hours, free 
 of cost. 
 
 Rule 1022. Roof Inspection 
 
 In all mines where stoping in done by the opening of chambers, the roof 
 thereof being supported only by the walls of the chambers, or by pillars, it 
 shall be the duty of the superintendent of the mine to detail a competent man 
 to make a frequent inspection of the roof of those parts of the mine where 
 men are employed, and said man so detailed shall be charged with the duty 
 of dislodging any slabs of rocks or ore in said roof that have become loose. 
 Until such dislodgment is effected, the floor of the stope immediately beneath 
 such loose rock shall be fenced off or otherwise adequately guarded; provided, 
 however, that it shall be the duty of every miner to care for the roof at his 
 working place. 
 
 It shall also be the duty of the superintendent of the mine to cause fre- 
 quent inspection to be made by a competent person, detailed for such purpose, 
 of the roofs of stopes, inclined shafts, inclined winzes, and other workings, 
 and of the sides of shafts and winzes when any of these are used as traveling 
 ways, and of the roofs of all drifts, adit levels, tunnels and gangways. The 
 roof of the working places and the passages traversed by the employees going 
 
17 
 
 to and from same sliall be inspected daily and dangerous conditions shall be 
 remedied. 
 
 Rule 1023. Safety Pillars 
 
 No stopeing shall he done within twenty (20) feet of a shaft that is used 
 for hoisting men or material. The Industrial Commission may waive the 
 requirements of this rule, when after investigation by the Industrial Com- 
 mission, existing conditions are, in its opinion found to be such that the safety 
 of the occupants would not be endangered thereby. 
 
 No stopeing shall be done within ten ( 10 ) feet of the boundary line of a 
 mining property, except on application to and permission by the Industrial 
 Commission. 
 
 Rule 1024. Intoxicating Liquor Prohibited in Mines 
 
 No person shall, while under the influence of intoxicating liquor, enter 
 any mine, or any of the buildings connected with the operation of the same, 
 where miners or other workmen are employed, nor shall intoxicating liquors 
 be brought into any such places. 
 
 Provided, however, that nothing herein contained shall prevent the carry- 
 ing of any alcoholic spirits or other stimulants into such mine or buildings 
 for the purpose of administering to anyone injured therein. 
 
 Rule 1025. Candles 
 
 (a) At all timbered stations where candles are kept burning, there shall 
 be provided metal sconces of sufficient size to catch and hold drippings and 
 dropping wicks. 
 
 (b) It shall be the duty of any person using a candle or other portable 
 light in a mine or any part of a mine, to extinguish it before departing from 
 the mine, unless the candle or other portable light is taken to the outer air. 
 
 Rule 1026. Cages 
 
 (a) No person shall ride upon any cage, skip or bucket that is loaded with 
 tools, timber, powder, or other material, except for the purpose of assisting 
 in passing such material through a shaft or incline, and then only after a 
 special signal has been given. 
 
 (b) When tools, timber, or other materials are to be lowered or hoisted 
 in a shaft, their ends, if projecting above the top of the bucket, skip or other 
 vehicle, shall be securely fastened to the hoisting rope or to the upper part 
 of the vehicle,, and all tools, timbers, or other materials loaded upon a cage, 
 shall be securely lashed before being lowered or hoisted; provided, however, 
 that such tools or other materials may be placed without lashing in a closed 
 box or in a mine car when lowered in a cage, or in a skip, or in a special 
 tool bucket, when no tool projects above the edge thereof. 
 
 Rule 1027. Hoisting While Sinking Shaft 
 
 In no case shall a cage, skip or bucket or other vehicle be lowered directly 
 to the bottom of the shaft, when men are working there, but such cage, 
 skip, or bucket or other vehicle shall be stopped at least fifteen ( 15 ) feet 
 above the bottom of such shaft until the signal to lower farther shall have 
 been given to the hoisting engineer by one of the men at the bottom of the 
 shaft. 
 
18 
 
 Rule 1028. Deepening Shaft — Protection 
 
 During shaft-sinking operations, no other work in any other place in the 
 shaft shall be executed, nor shall any material or tools be hoisted or lowered 
 from or to any other place in the shaft while men are at work in the bottom 
 of the shaft, unless the men so at work be protected from the danger of falling 
 material by a securely constructed covering extending over the whole area of 
 the shaft, sufficient closable openings being left in the covering for the pas- 
 sage of men and the bucket or other conveyance used in the sinking opera- 
 tions, or by a substantial rock pentice. 
 
 Rule 1029. Whims 
 
 Whims in use at or in mines shall be provided with a suitable latch or 
 locking device which shall prevent running back of the bucket or other con- 
 veyance. 
 
 Rule 1030. Crossheads 
 
 All vertical shafts more than one hundred ( 100 ) feet deep from which 
 hoisting is done by means of a bucket, shall be provided with suitable guides, 
 and in connection with the bucket, there shall be a crosshead traveling upon 
 these guides. The height of the crosshead shall be equal to that of its width. 
 
 Rule 1031. Telephone System 
 
 In all mines in active operation, a telephone system must be established, 
 equipped and maintained with stations readily and quickly accessible to the 
 men on each working level, communicating with a statiop. thereof on the 
 surface of any such mine. 
 
 Rule 1032. Signals 
 
 (a) Every mine shall be provided with an efficient means of interchanging 
 distinct and definite signals between the top of the shaft and the lowest level 
 and the various intermediate levels from which hoisting is being done. There 
 shall be provided and maintained two ('2 ) separate systems of signaling, 
 which shall be either electrical, pneumatic, or mechanical, or one such system 
 supplemented by speaking tube or telephone. 
 
 (b) No person shall ride upon any bucket, cage, skip or other conveyance, 
 unless proper signals have been given as prescribed in Rule 103 < 3 . No person 
 shall knowingly interfere with or impede a signal, or damage a signal system, 
 or give or cause to be given a wrong signal. 
 
 (c) The signal to move the cage, skip or bucket shall be given only when 
 the same is at the level from which the signal is to be given. 
 
 Rule 1033. Signal Codes 
 
 (a) Three ( 3 ) months after the adoption of these rules, the following 
 system or code of mine signal shall be used: 
 
 1 bell. — Stop if in motion, or hoist if not in motion. 
 
 2 bells. — Lower. 
 
 3 bells. — Men on, run very carefully. 
 
 (b) Additional signals to meet local conditions may be used, provided they 
 are easily distinguishable and do not conflict with the above code. 
 
19 
 
 (c) Flashlight signals, consisting of nine (9) flashes on the mine lighting 
 circuit, indicating fire or flood or other danger, shall be established in all 
 mines equipped with an electric lighting system. 
 
 (d) An easily legible copy of the above code, and of any special code 
 adopted in any mine, shall be printed in letters at least one-half ( Y2 ) inch 
 high, on a board or metal plate not less than eighteen by eighteen (18x18) 
 inches, and shall be securely posted in the engine room, at the collar of the 
 shaft and at each level or station. The superintendent of the mine shall be 
 responsible for the carrying out of this rule. 
 
 Rule 1034. Cleaning of Manways 
 
 The timbers in all vertical and inclined ladderways and manways in daily 
 use shall be cleaned of all loose rock lodged upon them at least once in every 
 twenty-four (24) hours. Manways in daily use shall be kept clear of 
 obstructions. 
 
 Rule 1035. Fire Protection 
 
 In all heavily timbered stopes, it shall be the duty of the mine foremen 
 to cause fire inspection to be made after each shift shall have left such stope. 
 A fire map shall be maintained at the mine office, showing all air and water 
 lines in the mine, and their dimensions, with the positions of all sumps, valves, 
 hydrants and pumps, and such map shall be brought up to date at least every 
 six (6) months. 
 
 Rule 1036. Timbering 
 
 For the purposes of this and the succeeding rules, the term “ timbers ” shall' 
 be held to include and mean all wood to be used by the miner, or all steel or 
 concrete material used in lieu of timber. 
 
 ( a ) Every shaft, incline, slope, adit, tunnel, level or drift, and any working 
 place in the mine shall be ; when necessary, kept securely timbered or protected 
 to prevent injury to any person from falling material. It shall be the duty 
 of the operator to carry out and enforce the provisions of this rule, but 
 iiothing contained herein shall be construed to relieve the miner from the 
 duty of caring for his own working place, save as hereinafter provided. 
 
 (b) It shall be the duty of the operator to see that all miners in the mine 
 are supplied at all times with such timbers as are necessary to keep their 
 working places in a safe condition, such timbers to be supplied at a point 
 readily accessible and convenient to the working place. 
 
 (c) If for any cause, necessary timbers cannot be supplied to any miner 
 when required, it shall be the duty of the mine foreman to instruct the 
 miner or miners to vacate all such working places until supplied with the 
 timbers needed, but nothing contained herein shall be construed to relieve the 
 operator of the duty of supplying such timbers. 
 
 Rule 1037. Fencing Disused Workings 
 
 All abandoned shafts, shafts temporarily out of use, or shafts used only as 
 airways, shall be securely covered or fenced, and shall be so maintained. 
 All mill holes, glory holes and cavernous stopes opening to the surface shall 
 be securely fenced, and shall be so maintained. All other abandoned' excava- 
 tions whereof the sides slope more than thirty (30) degrees from the hori- 
 
20 
 
 zontal, and whereof the depth is more than ten (10) feet, shall he securely 
 fenced, but such fencing need be erected only at those places where such 
 slope is in excess of thirty (30) degrees, and all such fencing shall be main- 
 tained in good condition. 
 
 Rule 1038. Lighting 
 
 (a) Stationary lights shall be provided during the working hours at all 
 shaft stations during the time the same are in actual use, and also at all 
 stations on the levels where hoisting or hauling is effected by means of 
 machinery, and also at night at all places on the surface where work is 
 being conducted. 
 
 (b) All places where hoisting, pumping or other machinery is erected and 
 in the proximity of which persons are working or moving about shall be 
 so lighted when the machine is in operation that the moving parts of such 
 machine can be clearly distinguished. 
 
 Rule 1039. Places of Refuge 
 
 (a) Where mechanical haulage is employed, there shall be maintained at 
 all times a clearance space of not less than two and one-half (2%) feet on 
 one side of tramway. Where such space cannot be maintained, refuge places 
 shall be provided at not more than sixty (60) foot intervals, which shall 
 afford a clearance space not less than four (4) feet wide, five (5) feet high, 
 and eight (8) feet long. 
 
 (b) Every such place of refuge shall be conspicuously marked and kept 
 clear, and no refuse shall be placed therein, and no person shall in any way 
 prevent access thereto. 
 
 Rule 1040. Protection Against Water 
 
 (a) When advancing toward a mine excavation that is suspected to be 
 filled with water, the working place shall not exceed six (6) feet by eight 
 (8) feet in cross section, and the bore holes shall be kept at least fifteen (15) 
 feet in advance of the breast, and also, if necessary, in directions laterally 
 from the course of the drive. 
 
 (b) In every mine where there is danger from a sudden inbuTst of water, 
 such additional raises, drifts, or other workings shall be constructed as are 
 necessary to insure the escape of workmen from the lower workings. 
 
 Rule 1041. Sumps 
 
 All sumps shall be securely covered or fenced, except when being cleaned or 
 repaired. 
 
 Rule 1042. Stopes 
 
 In stopes timbered with square sets, the working floors shall be closely and 
 securely lagged over. Openings in the floors shall be protected by railings. 
 
 Rule 1043. Winzes or Raises 
 
 Winzes opening directly from the floor of a drift or stope shall be kept 
 covered by a substantial hatch, or shall be planked over, except when in 
 use, or shall be barred off by a substantial railing not less than three and 
 
21 
 
 one-half (31&) feet nor more than four (4) feet above the level of the floor, 
 or shall he provided with a gangway not less than ten (10) inches wide, 
 which gangway shall have a substantial hand-railing not less than three and 
 one-half (3%) feet nor more than four (4) feet above the gangway, and the 
 approaches to such gangway at each end shall be protected by a substantial 
 railing not less than three and one-half (3%) feet nor more than four (4) 
 feet above the floor. 
 
 Raises for shaft extensions and for stopes steeper than fifty (50) degrees 
 shall be done by two (2) compartments, in one of which there shall be a 
 protected ladderway. 
 
 Rule 1044. Protection to Drifts 
 
 Drifts used as manways intersecting overhead workings through which 
 material is dropped, shall be closed to the passage, of persons by a substan- 
 tial rail not less than three and one-half (3%) feet nor more than four (4) 
 feet in height above the level of the drift, on each side of the working, 
 whenever material is to be dropped through such working, and the drift 
 shall be kept so closed during periods when the working is so in use. 
 
 Rule 1045. Shaft Protection 
 
 (a) At all shaft stations a gate or a guard rail not less than three and 
 one-half (3%) feet nor more than four (4) feet above the floor shall be 
 provided and kept in place across the shaft, except when the cage, skip, 
 bucket, or other conveyance is being loaded or unloaded thereat, but this pro- 
 hibition shall not forbid the temporary removal of the gate or rail for the 
 purpose of repairs or ether operations, if proper precaution to prevent danger 
 to persons be taken. 
 
 (b) The top of all shafts shall be protected by a tight fence, which may be 
 provided with the necessary gates to give access to the shaft, but such 
 gates shall be kept closed when access to the shaft is not necessary. 
 
 (c) If hoisting be done from greater depth than twenty-five (25) feet by 
 means of a bucket, shaft doors shall be installed that will prevent any 
 material from falling into the shaft while the bucket is being dumped, and 
 such doors shall be closed while the bucket is being dumped. 
 
 (d) All stations or levels shall have such a passageway through or around 
 the working shaft that crossing through the hoisting compartment may be 
 .avoided; entering or crossing the hoisting compartment of a shaft, except 
 to ascend or descend, or for the purpose of effecting repairs is prohibited; 
 before repairs are commenced the person in charge of or directing the repairs 
 shall inform the hoisting engineer of the nature thereof. 
 
 Rule 1046. Safety Catches 
 
 The safety catches of cages shall be kept well oiled and in good working 
 order, and shall be tested at least once a month. Such test shall consist of 
 releasing the cage suddenly in some suitable manner so that the safety catches 
 shall have opportunity to grip the guides. 
 
 Rule 1047 Mechanical Haulage 
 
 When mechanical haulage is used and through passageways and approaches 
 to working places, no greater speed shall be made than the Industrial Com- 
 
22 
 
 mission will permit. No cars shall be pushed ahead of the locomotive under- 
 ground where it is practicable to draw. Head lights shall be placed on the 
 front of first car or locomotive of a moving train. All trolleys shall be 
 trailed. No locomotive shall be driven by a person under twenty-one (21) 
 years of age. No gas locomotive shall be used in any mine without the 
 written consent of the Industrial Commission. 
 
 ELECTRICAL EQUIPMENT 
 Rule 1048. Definitions 
 
 (a) Potential and Voltage. The terms “potential” and “voltage” are 
 synonymous and mean electrical pressure. 
 
 (b) Difference of Potential. The expression “difference of potential” 
 means the difference of electrical pressure existing between any two points of 
 an electrical system or between any point of such a system and the earth 
 as determined by a voltmeter. 
 
 (c) Potential of a Circuit. The potential or voltage of a circuit, machine 
 or any piece of electrical apparatus is the potential normally existing between 
 the conductors of such circuit or the terminals of such machine or apparatus. 
 
 (d) Where the conditions of the supply of electricity are such that the 
 difference of potential between any two points of the circuit cannot exceed 
 three hundred (300) volts, the supply shall be deemed a low-voltage supply. 
 
 (e) Where the conditions of the supply of electricity are such that the 
 difference of potential between any two points of the circuit may at any 
 time exceed three hundred (300) volts, but cannot exceed six hundred fifty 
 (650) volts, the supply shall be deemed a medium-voltage supply. 
 
 (f) Where the conditions of the supply of electricity are such that the 
 difference of potential between any two points of the circuit may at any time 
 exceed six hundred fifty (650) volts, the supply shall be deemed a high- 
 voltage supply. 
 
 (g) Grounding. Grounding any part of an electrical system shall consist 
 in so connecting such part to the earth that there shall be no material differ- 1 
 ence of potential between such part and the earth. 
 
 (h) Underground Station. The term “underground station,” as used 
 herein, shall mean any place where electrical machinery is permanently 
 installed in the mine. 
 
 (i) The term “carrying capacity” shall be taken to mean carrying capac- 
 ity of a given wire as prescribed for various insulated wires in the National 
 Electrical Code, published by the National Board of Fire Underwriters, and 
 the United States Bureau of Mines’ standard for bare wires. 
 
 Rule 1049. Care of Equipment and Practices 
 
 (a) No person shall, without authority, install or handle electric wires, 
 lights, conductors, or electrical apparatus of any kind, or enter an electrical 
 machine room or underground station. 
 
 (b) No person shall be allowed to work on or with electrically-driven 
 apparatus, unless he shall have been previously instructed in the performance 
 of his duties by a competent person, and shall have been duly authorized by 
 the mine superintendent or mine foreman. 
 
23 
 
 (c) Instruction for the disengaging of persons from contact with live 
 wires and the resuscitation of persons suffering from electric shock shall be 
 posted at the entrance to the mine, in every generating station and substation, 
 and in all underground electric stations. All employees working with elec- 
 trical apparatus shall be required by the mine superintendent to familiarize 
 themselves with these instructions, and shall be capable of applying them 
 before entering upon such work. 
 
 Rule 1050. Grounding 
 
 The frames and bed plates of generators, transformers, compensators, 
 rheostats, and motors installed underground, shall be effectively grounded. 
 All metallic coverings, armoring of cables, other than trailing cables, and 
 the neutral wire of three-wire systems shall also be so grounded. 
 
 Rule 1051. Voltage 
 
 In electrical systems hereafter installed, no higher voltage than low 
 voltage shall be used underground, except for transmission or for application 
 to transformers, motors, generators, or other apparatus in which the whold 
 of the medium or high voltage apparatus is stationary. 
 
 Rule 1052. Switchboards 
 
 Switchboards shall consist of a substantial framework of iron pipes, angle 
 irons, or bar iron, on which shall be mounted a panel or panels of incom- 
 bustible, non-absorbent insulating material that is mechanically strong and 
 has insulating qualities suitable for the voltage at which it is used. 
 
 The panels of insulating material may be omitted if each piece of equip- 
 ment carried on the switchboard is provided with an individual base of 
 insulating material of the character specified for the panels and of adequate 
 dimensions, or has its current-carrying parts mounted on similar insulation 
 self-contained in the equipment, which shall be especially designed for mount- 
 ing on iron pipe, angle-iron, or bar-iron frameworks. 
 
 Rule 1053. Danger Signals 
 
 All medium and high-voltage machines and apparatus shall be con- 
 spicuously marked by the use of the word “danger,” and shall be properly 
 illuminated when in circuit. 
 
 Rule 1054. Fire Buckets 
 
 Buckets filled with clean, dry sand shall be kept in all underground elec- 
 trical stations ready for immediate use in extinguishing fires. The minimum 
 quantity of sand thus stored in any one station shall be two (2) cubic feet; 
 provided that a fire extinguisher of character approved for the purpose may 
 be kept instead of the sand. 
 
 Rule 1055. Emergency Lights 
 
 Lamps or other proper lights shall be kept ready for use in all underground 
 stations where a failure of electric light is likely to cause danger. 
 
24 
 
 Rule 1056 . Plan of Electric Systems 
 
 The operator of every mine where electrical equipment is installed under- 
 ground shall make or cause to be made by a competent person, a clear and 
 accurate plan or sketch with distances marked, showing the position of all 
 stationary electrical apparatus in connection with the mine, in excess of 
 twenty-five (25) kilowatts’ capacity, including fixed cables, conductors, lights, 
 switches and trolley lines. The capacity in horsepower of each motor and in- 
 kilowatts of each generator or transformer, and 1 the nature of its use, shall 
 be shown on such plan or sketch. This plan or sketch shall be kept at the 
 mine and shall he corrected and be brought up to date at intervals not 
 exceeding six ( 6 ) months, and shall at all times be subject to examination 
 by the Industrial Commission. 
 
 Rule 1057 . Underground Stations and Transformer Rooms 
 
 (a) Switchboards. All switches, circuit breakers, rheostats, fuses and 
 measuring instruments used in connection with underground motor generators, 
 rotary converters, transformers and motors shall be mounted on standard 
 bases of non-combustible and. insulating material, but in no case shall 
 primary instruments be used on circuits of more than three hundred (300) 
 volts. This provision shall not apply to compensators for induction motors. 
 The above mentioned switches, circuit breakers, rheostats, fuses, and instru- 
 ments may be mounted on a common base, provided such base is of non- 
 combustible, insulating material. 
 
 (b) Passageways. A passageway not less than three (3) feet in width 
 shall be maintained in front of all switchboards. No one shall be permitted 
 back of the switchboards while the current is on. 
 
 (c) Space back of Switchboards. Any space over thirty (30) inches wide 
 at the back of switchboards, shall be accessible from each end, and shall be 
 kept locked up in case of medium and high-voltage boards, but no lock shall 
 be used that will not permit the door being opened from the inside without 
 the use of a key. In no case shall this space be used as a change room, ward- 
 robe or for the storage of material. Non-combustible flooring only shall be 
 used at the front and back of high-voltage boards, and insulating mats or 
 their equivalent shall be provided in front and back of all boards, whatever the 
 voltage. 
 
 (d) Conductors Crossing Passageway. No electric conductor shall cross a 
 passageway at the back of a switchboard except below the floor, or at a height 
 of not less than seven (.7) feet above the level of the floor. 
 
 (e) Live Metal Work on Switchboards. No live metal work shall be placed 
 on the front of high-voltage switchboard within seven (7) feet of the floor. 
 
 (f) Protection of Terminals. All exposed terminals on under-ground 
 machines shall be protected! with properly designed insulating covers of suit- 
 able material, or with metal covers connected to earth. 
 
 (g) Transformer Rooms. Transformer rooms shall be properly lighted, 
 shall be of fireproof construction, and if of conductive material shall be 
 effectively grounded. 
 
 (h) Circuits Entering or Leaving all Transformers. Circuits leaving the 
 transformer shall be protected by a switch and an automatic circuit breaker 
 to interrupt current, but fuses may be substituted for the circuit breakers in 
 
25 
 
 the case of lighting circuits, and in the case of power circuits transmittng 
 twenty-five (25) kilowatts or less. Primary fuses and disconnecting switches 
 shall be placed in the primary circuit ahead of the transformers, but in no 
 case shall these disconnecting switches be opened or closed under load. 
 
 Rule 1058. High-Voltage Wires 
 
 All high-voltage wires installed underground after these rules are adopted, 
 shall be in the form of insulated lead-covered cables, which shall be armored 
 or effectively protected against abrasion, but the armor shall be electrically 
 continuous throughout and shall be effectively grounded. The installation of 
 efficiently insulated wires in metal conduit to transmit power underground, 
 shall be considered to meet this requirement. 
 
 Rule 1059. Support of Cables and Wires 
 
 (a) All underground cables and wires, unless provided with grounded 
 metallic covering, shall be supported by efficient insulators. The conductors 
 connecting lamps to the power supply shall in all cases be insulated. 
 
 (b) Cables and wires unprovided with metallic coverings shall not be fixed 
 to walls or timbers by means of uninsulated fastenings. 
 
 Rule 1060. Overhead Lines Above Ground 
 
 Overhead transmission lines between the generating station or substation 
 and the mine entrance, shall be supported upon insulators, which shall be 
 adequate in quality, size and design for the voltage transmitted. Where such 
 line is more than five hundred (500) feet in length, lightning arresters shall 
 be installed in connection therewith at the entrance to the mine. Such line 
 except in the case of trolley wires, shall be maintained not less than ten (10) 
 feet above the ground at the lowest point, except at the point of entrance to 
 the mine. 
 
 Rule 1061. Buried Cables 
 
 Buried cables shall be continuously insulated, and protected by a metallic 
 sheath, preferably lead ; and where they are so located that there is a 
 possibility of danger to the sheath by puncturing, such cables shall be further 
 protected by armor. 
 
 Rule 1062. Protection of Circuits Leading Underground 
 
 (a) Every completely insulated feeder circuit in exeess of twenty-four (24) 
 kilowatt capacity, leading underground, where the potential does not exceed 
 the limits of a medium-voltage potential, shall be provided above ground' 
 with a switch and an automatic overload circuit breaker. In the case of 
 ground-return direct current circuits, a switch and current breaker shall be 
 installed in the ungrounded side of the circuit, but may be omitted from the 
 return side. Fuses may be substituted for circuit breakers in circuits trans- 
 mitting twenty-five (25) kilowatts or less. 
 
 (b) Every high-voltage alternating-current feeder circuit leading under- 
 ground shall be provided above ground with an oil break switch on each phase, 
 and every such switch shall be equipped with an automatic overload trip. 
 
26 
 
 Rule 1063. Branch Circuits 
 
 Every branch circuit shall be provided with a switch of ample carrying 
 capacity, on each phase, within fifty ( 50 ) feet of the point where it leaves 
 the main circuit. 
 
 Rule 1064. Lighting Circuits 
 
 Wires for all lighting circuits shall be covered with an insulation adequate 
 for the voltage of the circuit, and, unless encased in pipes or other metallic 
 covering, shall be strung on porcelain or glass insulators. Separate uncased 
 wires shall be kept at least three ( 3 ) inches apart, except where they enter 
 the fittings. Metallic casings, if used, shall be efficiently grounded. 
 
 Rule 1065. Underground trolley 
 
 Trolley wires shall be securely supported upon hangers efficiently insulated, 
 and placed! at such intervals that the sags between points of support shall 
 not exceed three ( 3 ) inches. 
 
 Rule 1066. Protection of Trolley Wires 
 
 (e) At all places where men are required to work or pass regularly under 
 trolley or other bare power wires which are placed less than six and one-half 
 (6%) feet above top of rail, a suitable protection shall be provided, which 
 may consist of channeling the roof or of placing boards along the wire, which 
 shall extend three ( 3 ) inches below it, or in the use of any other device 
 that will afford ample protection. In new installations the trolley wires shall 
 be protected as provided for above unless the wire is at least seven (7) feet 
 above top of rail. At all points where timbers or tools have to be unloaded 
 or transferred up a raise, the trolley wires shall be boxed or otherwise pro- 
 tected as provided for in this paragraph. All places where it is required 
 that the trolley wires shall be boxed, shall be well-lighted with electric lamps. 
 
 (b)All wires, except telephone, shot-firing and signal wires, shall be boxed 
 or otherwise guarded, where timbers or tools have to be transported. 
 
 Rule 1067. Power Wires and Cables in Shafts 
 
 In all shafts, the angle of inclination of which is above forty-five ( 45 ) 
 degrees from the horizontal, and in all hoisting shafts or manway compart- 
 ments all power wires and cables shall be amply protected by insulation and 
 substantially fixed in position. All shaft cables shall be supported on insu- 
 lators that cannot cause abrasion of the covering or insulation, so spaced 
 that no part of the cable shall be under a tension greater than one-fourth 
 (* 4 ) of its ultimate strength. The cable shall be held in position at points 
 between the insulators by grips or cleats that cannot cause abrasion of the 
 covering or insulation. Where the cables are not completely boxed in 
 and protected from falling material, space shall be left between them and 
 the side of the shaft so that they may yield and lessen a blow from falling 
 material. This rule shall not be construed to prevent the installation of 
 efficiently insulated wires in metal conduit, to transmit power underground. 
 
27 
 
 Rule 1069. Protection of Cables During Blasting 
 
 Where the cables or feed wires in main roads cannot be kept at least twelve 
 (12) inches from any part of the mine car or locomotive, they shall be espe- 
 cially protected by proper guards. 
 
 Rule 1069 Protection of Cables During Blasting 
 
 Cables shall be temporarily protected against damage at any point where 
 workings are being repaired or where blasting is being carried on. 
 
 Rule 1070. Cables Entering Fittings 
 
 ( a ) The exposed ends of cables where they enter fittings of any description 
 shall be so protected and finished off, that moisture cannot enter the cable, or 
 the insulating material leak out, if of an oily or viscious nature. 
 
 (b) Where unarmored cables or wires pass through metal frames or into 
 boxes or motor casings, the holes shall be substantially lined with insulated 
 bushings. 
 
 Rule 1071. Joints in Conductors 
 
 All joints in conductors shall be mechanically and electrically efficient, and 
 shall be soldered wherever necessary. All joints in insulated wire shall, after 
 the joint is complete, be reinsulated to the same extent as the remainder of 
 the wire. 
 
 Rule 1072. Joints in Cables 
 
 Where cables are joined, suitable junction boxes shall be used, or the 
 joints shall be soldered, and the insulation, armoring, or lead covering, 
 replaced in as good condition as it was originally. 
 
 Rule 1073. Fuses, Circuit Breakers and Switches 
 
 (a) Fuses and automatic circuit breakers shall be constructed so as 
 effectually to interrupt the current when a short circuit occurs or when the 
 current through them exceeds a pre-determined value. No open type or 
 link fuses shall be used. 
 
 (b) All points at which a circuit has to be made or broken shall be 
 provided with proper switches, which shall be so installed that they cannot 
 be closed by gravity. 
 
 (c) Fuses shall be stamped or marked, or shall have a label attached, 
 indicating the maximum current that they are intended to carry. Fuses 
 shall be adjusted or replaced only by an authorized and competent person. 
 
 (d) The capacity of fuses used to protect feeders shall not exceed the 
 current capacity of the feeder by more than twenty-five ( 25 ) per cent. 
 
 (e) All switches, circuit breakers, and fuses shall have non-combustible 
 bases. 
 
 Rule 1074. Stationary Motors 
 
 Every stationary motor and every portable motor underground, together 
 with its starting device, shall be protected by a fuse on each phase, or (in 
 the case of motors of more than forty ( 40 ) horsepower) by a circuit breaking 
 device on at least one phase of direct current motors and on each phase of 
 alternating current motors, and by switches arranged to cut off entirely the 
 
28 
 
 power from the motor. The above devices shall be installed in a convenient 
 position near the motor and in sight of it. 
 
 Rule 1075. Electric Lighting 
 
 (a) Lamp Sockets. The exterior of the sockets of all fixed incandescent 
 lamps, installed after these rules go into effect, shall be entirely non-metallic. 
 
 (b) Flexible Lamp Cord. The use of flexible lamp cord for lighting con- 
 nections is prohibited, except for portable incandescent lights to be used in 
 connection with the inspection and repair of machinery and equipment, and in 
 that case the .cord shall have extra heavy insulation. Such portable lights 
 shall be protected by a wire cage large enough to inclose both lamp and socket, 
 and shall be provided with a handle to which the light and socket shall be 
 firmly attached and through which the leading-in wires shall be carried. 
 
 (c) Incandescent Lamps. Incandescent lamps shall be so placed that they 
 cannot come into contact with combustible material; and shall be so placed 
 that an adequate circulation of air may take place on all sides of them. 
 
 Rule 1076. Duties of Employees 
 
 Every employee shall be responsible for carrying out all rules which 
 immediately concern or affect his conduct. 
 
 Penalties 
 
 Section 1275 of the Penal Law: 
 
 Any person who violates or does not comply with any provision of the 
 Labor Law, any provision of the Industrial Code, any rules or regulation of 
 the Industrial Board of the Department of Labor or any lawful order of the 
 Commissioner of Labor * * * is guilty of a misdemeanor and upon 
 
 conviction shall be punished, except as in this chapter otherwise provided, for 
 a first offense by a fine of not less than twenty nor more than fifty dollars; 
 for a second offense by a fine of not less than fifty nor more than two hun- 
 dred and fifty dollars, or by imprisonment for not more than thirty days or 
 by both such fine and imprisonment; for a third offense by a fine of not less 
 than two hundred and fifty dollars, or by imprisonment for not more than 
 sixty days, or by both such fine and imprisonment. 
 
RULES AND REGULATIONS RELATING TO QUARRIES 
 
 Law, § 119. Protection of employees in mines, tunnels and quarries . — 
 Every necessary precaution shall he taken to insure the safety and health 
 of employees employed in the mines and quarries and i/n the construction 
 of tunnels in the state. The industrial hoard shall have the power to, 
 adopt rules and regulations to carry into effect the provisions of this 
 article and may amend or repeal rules and regulations heretofore pre-' 
 scribed hy the commissioner of labor under the provisions of this article. 
 The rules and regulations heretofore prescribed by the commissioner of 
 labor under this article shall continue in force until amended or repealed 
 by the industrial board. 
 
 Rule i ioo. Definitions of Terms 
 
 (a) Application. These rules shall apply to all quarries in the State of 
 New York producing minerals within the meaning of that term, as hereinafter 
 defined. 
 
 (b) Singular and plural numbers. For the purpose of these rules, the 
 singular number when used in reference to persons, acts, objects, and things 
 of whatsoever kind and description, shall, whenever the context will permit, 
 be taken and held to import and include the plural number, and the plural 
 number shall similarly be taken and held to import and include the singular. 
 
 (c) The term “quarry” shall include excavations, prospect openings', pits, 
 banks and open cut workings employing an average of five ( 5 ) or more men, 
 and shall embrace any and all parts of the property of such quarry and 
 quarrying plant that contribute directly or indirectly to the quarrying of 
 minerals. Provided, that when a group of workings in proximity to one 
 another and under one management are administered as distinct units, each 
 working shall be considered a separate quarry. 
 
 ( d ) Mineral. The term “ mineral ” shall mean whatever is recognized by 
 the standard authorities as mineral, whether metalliferous or non-metallifer- 
 ous, but shall not be held to embrace or include coal, lignite, gas, oil, or any 
 substances when extracted in solution or in the molten state through bore 
 holes. 
 
 (e) Operator. The term “operator” shall mean the person, firm or body 
 corporate in immediate possession of any quarry and its accessories as owner 
 or lessee thereof, and as such responsible for the condition and management 
 thereof. 
 
 (f) Superintendent. The term “superintendent” shall mean the person 
 having immediate supervision of the quarry. 
 
 (g) Quarry Foreman. The term “quarry foreman” shall mean a person 
 who at any time is charged with the general direction of the quarry work. 
 
 (h) Explosive. The term “explosive” or “explosives” shall be held to 
 mean and to include any chemical compound or any mixture that contains 
 any oxidizing and combustible units or other ingredients in such proportions, 
 quantities or packing that an ignition by fire, by friction, by concussion, by 
 percussion, or by detonation of any part of the compound or mixture may 
 
 . [ 29 ] 
 
30 
 
 cause such a sudiden generation of highly heated gases that the resultant 
 gaseous pressures are capable of producing destructive effects on contiguous 
 objects or of destroying life and limb. 
 
 (i) Magazine. The term “magazine,” as used in these rules, shall be held 
 to mean and include any building or other structure or place in which explo- 
 sives are stored or kept, whether above or below ground. 
 
 (j) Person. The term “person” shall be held to mean and include a firm 
 or body corporate as well as natural persons. 
 
 (k) Employees. The terms “employees” and “men employed” shall be 
 held to mean all men receiving compensation from the operator, directly or 
 indirectly, for labor or services performed in connection with the quarries. 
 
 ( l ) Approved. The term “approved” shall be held to mean approved by 
 the Industrial Commission. 
 
 Rule iioi. General 
 
 (a) The operator and superintendent of every quarry shall use every 
 reasonable precaution to insure the safety of the workmen in the quarry in 
 all cases, whether provided for in these rules or not. 
 
 (b) All defects in or damage or injury to machinery or timbering or to 
 apparatus and equipment generally in and about a quarry, all unsafe or dan- 
 gerous conditions in any part of the quarry, and all accidents occurring in 
 the course of quarrying operations, other than those of a purely minor char- 
 acter, even though not resulting in personal injury, shall be promptly reported 
 to the quarry foreman or superintendent by the person observing the same. 
 
 (c) Wages shall not be paid on any premises used for the sale of intoxi- 
 cating liquors. 
 
 (d) Each workman employed in the quarry, when first engaged, shall have 
 his attention directed to the general and special rules provided for in these 
 rules. 
 
 Rule 1102. Superintendent 
 
 The operator of every quarry shall appoint a man who shall be personally 
 in charge of the quarry and the performance of the work done therein, who 
 shall be designated as the “ superintendent ; ” provided, however, that nothing 
 herein contained shall prevent the owner or operator of any quarry from per- 
 sonally filling the office of superintendent. 
 
 The superintendent of every quarry shall inspect or cause some competent 
 person or persons appointed by him to inspect all quarrying appliances, 
 boilers, engines, magazines, explosives, bell ropes, speaking tubes, telephones, 
 tracks, ladders, dry closets, and all parts and appliances of said quarry in 
 actual use, and any such person or persons appointed by the said superintend- 
 ent shall at once report any defects therein to the superintendent. It shall 
 be the duty of the superintendent upon ascertaining such defects to take 
 immediate steps to remedy the same so as to make the same comply with the 
 provisions of these rules, and he shall forthwith notify the operator of said 
 quarry of the existence of such defects. It shall be the duty of the superin- 
 tendent to appoint a competent man to have full charge, under the direction 
 of said superintendent, of every magazine containing explosives situated on 
 said quarrying property, and to make such other appointments and perform 
 such other duties as are provided by these rules to be performed by such 
 superintendent. 
 
31 
 
 Rule 1103. Care of Injured 
 
 It shall be the duty of operators, superintendent, or anyone in charge of 
 any quarry to keep at such place about the quarry as may be designated by 
 the Industrial Commission, a stretcher, a woolen blanket and 1 a waterproof 
 blanket in good condition for use in carrying any person who may be injured 
 at the quarry. Where more than one hundred ( 100 ) persons are employed 
 two (2) stretchers, two (2) woolen blankets and two (2) waterproof blankets 
 shall be kept. At all quarries an adequate supply of materials shall be kept 
 readily accessible for the treatment of anyone injured and shall include the 
 following in suitable quantity: First-aid outfits consisting of one extra 
 long gauze bandage with compress sewed in its center, one triangular bandage 
 with methods of application printed thereon, two safety pins, and one card 
 of instructions; large first-aid dressings for wounds; packages of sterilized 
 gauze; assorted bandages; United States Army tourniquet; carbolated vase- 
 line or boric acid ointment,; packages of picric acid gauze; wooden or wire- 
 gauze splints; packages of absorbent cotton; safety pins; shears; tweezers; 
 aromatic spirits of ammonia; paper cups; first-aid book of instructions; 
 soap; basins; towels. Furthermore, in all quarries where one hundred ( 100 ) 
 or more men are employed, a first-aid corps shall be organized, consisting of 
 the foreman or foremen, shift bosses, timekeepers, or other employees desig- 
 nated by the superintendent; and it shall be the duty of the operator or 
 superintendent to cause the organization of such employees and to procure 
 the services of a competent person to instruct the members of such first-aid 
 corps from time to time, not less than once in every three ( 3 ) months, in the 
 proper handling and treatment of injured persons before the arrival of a 
 physician; except that where a hospital is maintained in connection with a 
 quarry, there shall be provided only such first-aid equipment as may be 
 reasonably necessary to prepare the injured employee for removal to the 
 hospital. ^ 
 
 EXPLOSIVES 
 
 Rule 1104. Storage of Explosives 
 
 (a) The daily supply of explosives in a quarry shall be kept in a stout, 
 tight box with hinged, lids, which shall be kept securely locked, except at 
 such times as explosives are being placed therein or removed therefrom, from 
 which explosives shall be removed only as required for immediate use by the 
 authorized blaster. 
 
 (b) No detonators shall be taken into any magazine containing other 
 explosives. No fuses shall be capped with detonators in any magazine or in 
 any other place where detonators or other explosives are stored, but special 
 benches shall be provided at least twenty (20) feet from such storage places, 
 where all fuses shall be capped. Cap crimpers shall be furnished in sufficient 
 quantity to avoid the necessity of crimping in any other way. No detonator 
 shall be transported with other explosives, except when made into a primer 
 with such other explosive. 
 
 (c) All magazines shall be bullet-proof. 
 
 (d) When supplies of explosives or fuse are removed from a magazine, 
 those that have been longest in the magazine shall be taken first. Packages 
 of explosives shall be removed to a safe distance from the magazine before 
 
32 
 
 being opened, and no such packages shall be opened with any metallic 
 instrument. 
 
 Rule 1105. Marking of Explosives, Detonators and Fuses 
 
 It shall be unlawful for the operator or superintendent of any quarry to 
 permit the use within such quarry of any explosive, or any blasting caps or 
 detonators, or fuse, unless there shall be printed or marked on every original 
 package containing explosives, the name and place of business of the manu- 
 facturer of such explosive, the date of its manufacture (if the date of manu- 
 facture is in code, the key to such code shall be furnished on application), 
 and its character and grade; and on every original package containing 
 such fuse, the name and place of business of the manufacturer of such fuse, 
 and the date of its manufacture (if the date of manufacture is in code, the 
 key to such code shall be furnished on application) ; and on every original 
 package containing blasting caps or detonators, the name and place of busi- 
 ness of the manufacturer of such blasting caps or detonators, the date of 
 their manufacture (if the date of manufacture is in code, the key to such 
 code shall be furnished on application ) , and their grade. 
 
 In emergencies, or when approved by the Commission, one manufacturer 
 may supply explosives for another manufacturer, under the latter’s brand. 
 
 It is recommended that employers provide common or safety fuse of uni- 
 form speed, preferably ninety ( 90 ) seconds per yard. 
 
 Rule 1106. Conveying, Thawing, Blasting, Misfires, Etc. 
 
 (a) The superintendent in all quarries shall appoint a sufficient number 
 of experienced blasters to handle explosives and to do blasting. 
 
 (b) All foremen and gang bosses shall be experienced blasters and shall 
 supervise the handling of explosives and see that blasting operations are 
 carried on in accordance with the rules and regulations herein prescribed. 
 
 (c) Detonators shall not be carried with other explosives, nor shall any 
 person ride in the same cage, skip or car with explosives. 
 
 (d) No blaster shall attempt to use any dynamite that is frozen, nor 
 detonators of less than No. 6 strength. 
 
 (e) No quantity greater than is sufficient for daily use shall be artificially 
 thawed at one time. 
 
 (f) Only approved methods of thawing shall be permitted. 
 
 (g) Fuse may be kept with detonators and all crimping of caps on fuse 
 shall be done with proper crimper and at least twenty (20) feet away from 
 explosives. 
 
 (h) No tools or other articles shall be kept with the explosives or with 
 the detonators, except that the detonator chest may contain one or more 
 crimpers, and the explosive chest may contain a hard wood wedge and mallet. 
 
 (i) All drill holes shall be of sufficient bore to admit of the free insertion 
 to the bottom of the hole of a cartridge of explosive without ramming or 
 removing the dynamite from its original wrapper, except for block holes. 
 
 (j) Fuse shall not be laced through cartridge for forming a primer. 
 
 (k) Foreman or shift boss shall before drilling is commenced on any 
 shift, ascertain whether all holes fired on the previous shift have been 
 exploded, and shall cause all remaining holes to be examined with a wooden 
 stick for unexploded charges ot cartridges, and if any are found, same shall 
 
33 
 
 be refired or a new hole drilled and fired before regular drilling is com- 
 menced. 
 
 (l) Explosives shall not be extracted from a hole which has once been 
 charged; the tamping only may be withdrawn sufficiently to allow a missed 
 shot being fired by insertion of fresh additional charge of primer. 
 
 (m) Blaster shall be furnished with hard wood rods for tamping and he 
 shall not tamp or load any hole with a metal bar, nor shall the wooden rod 
 have any metal parts; except that where black powder with no detonator 
 is used, tamping will be permitted with a copper-tipped tamping rod. 
 
 (n) Firing shall be done by safety fuse or approved battery or from an 
 electric current of not over two hundred and fifty (250) volts, provided a 
 suitable switch is used, as hereinafter described. Other methods of firing 
 may be permitted upon application and approval by the Industrial Com- 
 mission. 
 
 (o) When firing by electricity from power or lighting wires in any quarry, 
 a proper switch shall be furnished with lever down when “ off.” The switch 
 shall be fixed in a locked box to which no person shall have access except the 
 blaster. The lead wires shall be furnished with plugs and 1 shall not be con- 
 nected with the switch till ready to fire. After blasting, the switch lever 
 shall be pulled out, the wires disconnected, and the box locked before any 
 person shall be allowed to return, and shall remain so locked until again 
 ready to blast. 
 
 (p) All power lines and electric light wires shall be disconnected at a 
 point outside the blasting switch before explosives are taken in and loading 
 of holes is proceeded with. No current by grounding of power or lighting 
 wires or banded rails shall be allowed beyond blasting switch after explosives 
 are taken in preparatory to blasting, and under no circumstances shall 
 grounded current be used for exploding blasts. 
 
 (q) The blaster shall cause a sufficient warning to be sounded and shall 
 be responsible that all persons retreat to safe shelter before he sets off blast, 
 and shall also see that none return until he reports it safe for them. He 
 shall report to the quarry foreman and furnish names of all persons refusing 
 to obey his caution. Suitable and convenient shelters shall be provided. 
 
 (r) When a blaster fires a round of holes, he shall count the number of 
 shots exploding, except in case of instantaneous blasting by electricity. 
 If there are any misfires, he shall report the same to the gang boss or fore- 
 man. The blaster shall not leave until he has placed a wooden plug painted 
 red, or other proper danger signal, in the mouth of the missed hole. If a 
 missed hole has not been fired at the end of a shift, that fact, together 
 with the position of the hole, shall be reported by the quarry foreman or 
 shift boss to the quarry foreman or shift boss in charge of the next relay of 
 quarrymen, before work is commenced by them. 
 
 (s) No person shall be allowed to deepen holes that have previously 
 contained explosives. 
 
 (t) All wires in broken ore or rock shall be carefully traced and search 
 made for unexploded cartridges. 
 
 (u) Whenever blasting is being done at points liable to break through to 
 where other men are at work, the foreman or person in charge shall, before 
 any holes are loaded, give warning of danger to all persons that may be 
 
34 
 
 working where the blasts may break through, and he shall not allow any 
 holes to be charged until warning is acknowledged and men are removed. 
 
 (v) Blasters, when testing circuit through charged holes, shall use suffi- 
 cient leading wires to be at a safe distance, and shall use only approved 
 types of galvanometers. No tests of circuits in charged holes shall be made 
 until men are removed to safe distance. 
 
 (w) A daily record of all misfires shall be kept at the quarry office, giving 
 name of loading blaster and name of blaster that refired it. 
 
 Rule 1107 . Intoxicating Liquors Prohibited in Quarries 
 
 No person shall, while under the influence of intoxicating liquor, enter 
 any quarry, or any of the buildings connected with the operation of the 
 same, where quarrymen or other workmen are employed, nor shall intoxi- 
 cating liquors be brought into any such places. 
 
 Provided, however, that nothing herein contained shall prevent the carry- 
 ing of any alcoholic spirits or other stimulants into such quarry or build- 
 ings for the purpose of administering to anyone injured therein. 
 
 ELECTRICAL EQUIPMENT 
 Rule 1108 . Definitions 
 
 (a) Potential and Voltage. The terms “potential” and “voltage” are 
 synonymous and mean electrical pressure. 
 
 (b) Difference of Potential. The expression “difference of potential” 
 means the difference of electrical pressure existing between any two points 
 of an electrical system or between any point of such a system and the earth 
 as determined by a voltmeter. 
 
 (c) Potential of a Circuit. The potential or voltage of a circuit, machine 
 or any piece of electrical apparatus is the potential normally existing between 
 the conductors of such circuit or the terminals of such machine or apparatus. 
 
 (d) Where the conditions of the supply of electricity are such that the 
 difference of potential between any two points of the circuit cannot exceed 
 three hundred (300) volts, the supply shall be deemed a low-voltage supply. 
 
 (e) Where the conditions of the supply of electricity are such that the 
 difference of potential between any two points of the circuit may at any time 
 exceed three hundred (300) volts, but cannot exceed six hundred fifty (650) 
 volts, the supply shall be deemed a medium-voltage supply. 
 
 (f) Where the conditions of the supply of electricity are such that the 
 difference of potential between any two points of the circuit may at any time 
 exceed six hundred fifty (650) volts, the supply shall be deemed a high- 
 voltage supply. 
 
 (g) Grounding. Grounding any part of an electrical system shall con- 
 sist in so connecting such part to the earth that there shall be no material 
 difference of potential between such part and the earth. 
 
 (h) The term “carrying capacity” shall be taken to mean carrying 
 capacity of a given wire as prescribed for various insulated wires in the 
 National Electrical Code, published by the National Board of Fire Under- 
 writers, and the United States Bureau of Mines’ standard for bare wires. 
 
35 
 
 Rule 1109 . Care of Equipment and Practices 
 
 (a) No person shall, without authority, install or handle electric wires, 
 lights, conductors, or electrical apparatus of any kind, or enter an electrical 
 machine room. 
 
 (b) No person shall be allowed to work on or with electrically-driven 
 apparatus, unless he shall have been previously instructed in the perform- 
 ance of his duties by a competent person and shall have been duly authorized 
 by the quarry superintendent or quarry foreman. 
 
 (c) Instruction for the disengaging of persons from contact with live 
 wires and the resuscitation of persons suffering from electric shock shall be 
 posted in every generating station and substation. All employees working 
 with electrical apparatus shall be required by the quarry superintendent to 
 familiarize themselves with these instructions, and shall be capable of apply- 
 ing them before entering upon such work. 
 
 Rule mo. Grounding 
 
 The frames and bed plates of generators, transformers, compensators, 
 rheostats, and motors, shall be effectively grounded. All metallic coverings, 
 armoring of cables, other than trailing cables, and the neutral wire of three- 
 wire systems shall also be grounded. 
 
 Rule mi. Switchboards 
 
 Switchboards shall consist of a substantial framework of iron pipes, angle 
 irons, or bar iron, on which shall be mounted a panel or panels of incom- 
 bustible, non-absorbent insulating material that is mechanically strong and 
 has insulating qualities suitable for the voltage at which it is used. 
 
 The panels of insulating material may be omitted if each piece of equip- 
 ment carried on the switchboard is provided with an individual base of 
 insulating material of the character specified for the panels and of adequate 
 dimensions, or has its current-carrying parts mounted on similar insulation 
 self-contained in the equipment, which shall be especially designed for mount- 
 ing on iron pipe, angle-iron, or bar-iron frameworks. 
 
 Rule 1 1 12 . Danger Signals 
 
 All medium and high voltage machines and apparatus shall be conspicu- 
 ously marked by the use of the word “ danger.” 
 
 Rule 1 1 13 . Overhead Lines 
 
 Overhead transmission lines between the generating station or substation 
 and the quarry entrance, shall be supported upon insulators, which shall 
 be adequate in quality, size and design for the voltage transmitted. Where 
 such line is more than five hundred (500') feet in length, lightning arresters 
 shall be installed in connection therewith at the entrance to the quarry. 
 Such line, except in the case of trolley wires, shall be maintained not less 
 than ten ( 10 ) feet above the ground at the lowest point. 
 
 Rule 1 1 14 . Branch Circuits 
 
 Every branch circuit shall be provided with a switch of ample carrying 
 capacity, on each phase, wuthin fifty (50) feet of the point where it leaves 
 the main circuit. 
 
36 
 
 Rule 1 1 15. Lighting Circuits 
 
 Wires for all lighting circuits shall be covered with an insulation ade- 
 quate for the voltage of the circuit, and, unless encased in pipes or other 
 metallic covering, shall be strung on porcelain or glass insulators. Separate 
 uncased wires shall be kept at least three ( 3 ) inches apart, except where 
 they enter the fittings. Metallic casings, if used, shall be efficiently grounded. 
 
 Rule 1 1 16. Cables Entering Fittings 
 
 (a) The exposed ends of cables where they enter fittings of any descrip- 
 tion shall be so protected and finished off, that moisture cannot enter the 
 cable, or the insulating material leak out, if of an oily or viscous nature. 
 
 (b) Where unarmored cables or wires pass through metal frames or 
 into boxes or motor casings the holes shall be substantially lined with insu- 
 lated bushings. 
 
 Rule 1 1 17. Joints in Conductors 
 
 All joints in conductors shall be mechanically and electrically efficient and 
 shall be soldered wherever necessary. All joints in insulated wire shall, 
 after the joint is complete, be re-insulated to the same extent as the remain- 
 der of the wire. 
 
 Rule 1 1 18. Joints in Cables 
 
 Where cables are joined, suitable junction boxes shall be used, or the 
 joints shall be soldered, and the insulation, armoring, or leading covering, 
 replaced in as good condition as it was originally. 
 
 Rule 1 1 19. Fuses, Circuit Breakers and Switches 
 
 (a) Fuses and automatic circuit breakers shall be constructed so as effect- 
 ually to interrupt the current when a short circuit occurs or when the current 
 through them exceeds a predetermined value. No open type or link fuses 
 shall be used. 
 
 (b) All points at which a circuit has to be made or broken, shall be pro- 
 vided with proper switches, which shall be so installed that they cannot be 
 closed by gravity. 
 
 (c) Fuses shall be stamped or marked, or shall have a label attached, 
 indicating the maximum current that they are intended to carry. Fuses 
 shall be adjusted or replaced only by an authorized and competent person. 
 
 (d) The capacity of fuses used to protect feeders shall not exceed the 
 current capacity of the feeder by more than twenty-five ( 25 ) per cent. 
 
 (e) All switches, circuit breakers and fuses shall have non-combustible 
 bases. 
 
 Rule 1120. Stationary Motors 
 
 Every stationary motor and every portable motor, together with its 
 starting device, shall be protected by a fuse on each phase or ( in the case 
 of motors of more than forty ( 40 ) horsepower) by a circuit-breaking device 
 on at least one phase of direct-current motors and on each phase of alter- 
 nating-current motors, and by switches arranged to cut off entirely the power 
 from the motor. The above devices shall be installed in a convenient position 
 near the motor and in sight of it. 
 
37 
 
 Rule 1 1 21. Electric Lighting 
 
 (a) Lamp Sockets. The exterior of the sockets of all fixed incandescent 
 lamps, installed after these rules go into effect, shall be entirely non- 
 metallic. 
 
 (b) Flexible Lamp Cord. The use of flexible lamp cord for lighting con- 
 nections is prohibited, except for portable incandescent lights to be used in 
 connection with the inspection and repair of machinery and equipment, and 
 in that case the cord shall have extra heavy insulation. Such portable lights 
 shall be protected by a wire cage large enough to inclose both lamp and 
 socket and shall be provided with a handle to which the light and socket 
 shall be firmly attached and through which the leading-in wires shall be 
 carried. 
 
 (c) Incandescent Lamps. Incandescent lamps shall be so placed that 
 they cannot come into contact with combustible material; and shall be so 
 placed that an adequate circulation of air may take place on all sides of 
 them. 
 
 Rule 1122. Duties of Employees 
 
 Every employee shall be responsible for carrying out all rules which 
 immediately concern or affect his conduct. 
 
 Penalties 
 
 Section 1275 of the Penal Law: 
 
 Any person who violates or does not comply with any provision of the 
 Labor Law, any provision of the Industrial Code, any rule or regulation of 
 the Industrial Board of the Department of Labor or any lawful order of the 
 Commissioner of Labor * * * is guilty of a misdemeanor and upon con- 
 
 viction shall be punished, except as in this chapter otherwise provided, for 
 a first offense by a fine of not less than twenty nor more than fifty dollars; 
 for a second offense by a fine of not less than fifty nor more than two hun- 
 dred and fifty dollars, or by imprisonment for not more than thirty days or 
 by both such fine and imprisonment; for a third offense by a fine of not 
 less than two hundred and fifty dollars, or by imprisonment for not more 
 than sixty days, or by both such fine and imprisonment. 
 

UNIVERSITY OF ILLINOIS-URBANA