ILLINOIS STATE LIBRARY Accession No.. Book No.... X^T . ^Ck b ~.2L4:.(_^...J B OOKS may be taken from the State Library by the members of the General Assembly and its officers during the session of the Legislature, and at any time by the Governor, and the officers of the Executive Department of this State who are required to keep their offices at the seat of government, and the Justices of the Supreme and Appellate Courts. No person shall be allowed to take any book or property from the Library without executing a receipt thereof, nor to take or detain from the Library more than two volumes of miscellaneous works at any one time. No miscellaneous works shall be detained more than two weeks. All Laws, Journals, etc., taken by members of the Legislature shall be returned at the close of the session. If any person injures, or fails to return any book taken from the Library within the time above mentioned, HE SHALL FORFEIT AND PAY TO THE LIBRARIAN, for the benefit of the Library, TFIREE TIMES THE VALUE THEREOF, or of the set to which it belongs. Any person, not above mentioned, who takes books or other articles from the State Library without the consent of the Libiariar. will be prosecuted for larceny. Any person taking books from the State Library without reporting the same to the Librarian or assistant, and caus¬ ing the same to be properly charged upon the Register, will be prosecuted to the full extent of the law. No entry of charge or return of books will be permitted to be made, except by the Librarian or assistant. Persons using books of the Library will return the same to the Librarian or assistant. LEWIS G. STEVENSON. Secretary of Slate and ex-officio State Librarian. (P29-5M) ERRATA. Page 16, ft 2, line 7, read “mechanical” instead of “chemical”. Page 25. ft 5, line 3, read “1 to 6 feet” instead of “100 to 600 feet”. Page 123, Well No. 41, last line of introductory paragraph, read “1450 feet” instead of “450 feet”. STATE OF ILLINOIS STATE GEOLOGICAL SURVEY i FRANK W. DeWOLF, Director Some Deep Borings in Illinois BY J. A. UDDEN • • Work done in cooperation with U. S. Geological Survey State Geological Survey University of Illinois Urbana 1914 a 557 k ur. Illinois State Journal Co., State Printers. Springfield, III. 19 14 . By transfer NOV 6 1915 C *) « I 1 • » I STATE GEOLOGICAL COMMISSION. Edward F. Dunne, Chairman , Governor of Illinois. Thomas C. Chamberlin, Vice-Chairman. Edmund J. James, Secretary , President of the University of Illinois. Frank W. DeWolf, Director. Fred H. Kay, Assistant State Geologist. * CONTENTS. PAGE. Part 1.—Purposes and methods of study. 11 General considerations. 11 Purpose of report. 11 Need of more work on well records. 11 Relative importance of well work. 12 Drillers’logs. 12 Samples. 13 Descriptive records and interpreted records. 13 Taking of samples. 13 Significance of mixing in samples. 14 Preparation of samples. 15 Care of samples. 15 Examination of samples. 16 Care of fossils and other rare materials. 17 Adequate freedom in the description of samples. 17 Directions for the examination of well samples. 18 Identification of formations. 22 Criteria for identification.;. 22 Identification by fossils. 22 Introductory statement. 22 Devonian black shale. 22 General description... 22 Galesburg city well, No. 3. 23 Old Monmouth city well. 23 Henry city well. 24 Schuyler Oil and Gas Company’s well.24 Peoria Glen Oak Park well.25 K. and E. Young well, No. 29. 25 Lulu Shover well, No. 1.25 Chester formation.25 Limestone above Coal No. 6. 25 Other fossil-bearing horizons.26 Identification by physical characters.27 Enumeration of physical characters. 27 Characteristic colors. 27 Characteristic textures.28 Texture in sandstones. 28 Texture in shales. 29 Texture in limestones. 29 Characteristic components.31 Chert and flint.31 Glauconite. 31 Pyrite. 31 Identification by gross stratigraphic features.31 Part II—Well records.35 Introduction.35 1. Well of Elgin waterworks, Elgin, Kane County.35 2. Well No. 3, City waterworks, Blue Island, Cook County. 37 3. Crowley Avenue well, Joliet, Will County. 40 4. Well of C. W. Reed, Putnam County. 41 5. City well, Chatsworth, Livingston County. 42 6. Well near Plano, Kendall County. 45 7. Well of San Bede College, Peru, LaSalle County. 46 8. Well No. 2, Mineral Point Zinc Co., Depue, Bureau County. 47 CONTENTS— Concluded. PAGE. Part II.—Well records— Concluded. 9. Well of State Asylum for the Insane, Kankakee County. 50 10. City well, Henry, Marshall County. 55 12 * } Princeton city well, Princeton, Bureau County.57 13. First Geneseo city well, Geneseo, Henry County. 59 14. Well of Modern Woodman of America, Rock Island, Rock Island County.61 15. Old city well, Monmouth, Warren County.62 16. City well No. 3, Galesburg, Knox County. 64 17. Well on W. B. Manlove’s farm, Schuyler County.66 18. Well on the McGinnis farm near Jacksonville, Morgan County. 68 19. Chicago, Wilmington and Vermilion Coal Company’s test hole, Thayer, Sangamon County. 69 20. City well, Shelbyville, Shelby County. 70 21. 'Well on Fred Jensen’s farm near Tuscola, Douglas County.71 22. Illinois Powder Company’s well, Grafton, Jersey County. 72 23. Well No. 1 on Lavina Thierer’s farm, Clinton County. 73 24. Well No. 1 on Guthrie’s farm, Marion County. 77 25. Well No. 8 on Oppenlander’s farm, Washington County.81 26. Well of Illinois Salt and Coal Company, St. Johns, Perry County.85 27 Well No. 1 on the L. Gallagher farm, Perry County. 87 28. Well of the Duquoin Land and Farming Company, near Duquoin, Perry County . 90 29. Well No. 29 on the K. and E. Young farm, Clark County.91 30. Well No. 1 on the Lulu Shover farm, Clark County.93 31. W T ell No. 4 on the C. E. Siler farm, Crawford County. 96 32. Well No. 23 on the Jas. M. Drake farm, Crawford County.100 33. Well No. 21 on the J. C. Wilson farm, Crawford County.102 34. Well No. 8 on the C. F. Curtis farm, Crawford County.104 35. Well No. 7 on the Martin Shiltz farm, Crawford County.107 36. Well No. 15 on the O. F. Edwards farm, Crawford County.109 37. Craig and Lowrie’s test well, Robinson, Crawford County.113 38. Well No. 21 on the L. R. Newlin farm, Crawford County.114 39. Well No. 9 on the C. T. Cochran farm, Crawford County.116 40. Well No. 4 on the S. G. McCleave farm, Lawrence County.118 41. Well No. 2 on the W. B. Gray farm, Lawrence County.123 42. Well No. 7 on the W. H. Snyder farm, Lawrence County.129 43. Well No. 1 on the E. J. Ridgely farm, Lawrence County.135 ILLUSTRATIONS PLATE. PAGE. I. Location and reference number of borings. 36 II. Records of wells in northern Illinois.Pocket. III. Records of wells in central Illinois. Pocket. IV. Records of wells in south-central Illinois.Pockets LETTER OF TRANSMITTAL. State Geological Survey, University of Illinois, July 30, 1914. Governor E. F. Dunne , Chairman , and Members of the Geological Commission. Gentlemen : I submit herewith a report on “Some Deep Borings in Illinois,” and recommend that it be published as Bulletin No. 24. The author. Dr. J. A. Udden, formerly of Augustana College Illinois was for several years a geologist in the Survey, during which time he was in charge of the study of borings, with special reference to the identification of formations penetrated, and to water resources. The patient and painstaking examination and interpretation of well samples and records by Dr. Udden are highly successful and mark him as a leader in such scientific work in the United States. Our knowledge of the underlying stratigraphy and mineral resources of Illinois is greatly extended by this report. Very respectfully, Frank W. DeWolf, > i ^ ) * 1 .> 3 >> 3 > ■> :> •> 3 3 *» ■> > > ) > n > ’ > 3 3 3 3 3 .3 3 3 3 Director. 3 > 3 * T» 3 3 3 3 • J 4 •) J ) 3 3 3 * V 1 ' , >33 Jf) 3 3 3 ) ) 1 3 3 3 > 3 j 3 , ) > 0 ) 3 3 3 # SOME DEEP BORINGS IN ILLINOIS. By J. A. XJdden. PART I.—PURPOSES AND METHODS OF STUDY. General Considerations. PURPOSE OF THE REPORT. During the years 1908 to 1911, while the writer was engaged as geologist on the Illinois State Geological Survey, and as special agent of the U. S. Geological Survey, he had occasion to examine a number of samples of cuttings from deep wells made in various parts of the State, for the purpose of more closely delimiting the underground formations. The U. S. Geological Survey cooperated actively in support of the in¬ vestigations. It is proposed here to present a brief report of this work. NEED OF MORE, WORK ON WELL RECORDS. The study of samples taken from deep explorations has long been an important part of the work of geologists everywhere. In the pub¬ lications of the Worthen Survey of Illinois several hundred deep-well records were recorded. In the reports of the present Geological Survey of Iowa nearly an entire volume has been devoted to the publication and correlation of deep-well records. Professor Norton of this survey stands foremost among geologists in the Upper Mississippi Valley as a student of well samples and as an interpreter and correlator of deep- well sections. The region over which his investigations of this kind extend covers the entire State of Iowa and overlaps on all the adjacent territory. Several members of the United States Geological Survey have also given much attention to studies of this kind, notably D'arton, Leverett, Mendenhall, Fuller, Harris, Gould, and Vaughan. Never¬ theless, it appears to the present writer that the American geologists of late years have fallen far behind in obtaining and preserving under¬ ground data which are multiplying rapidly. The increase in this kind of information which can now be obtained is due to several causes. The perfection in the art of drilling is con¬ tinually reducing the cost of such work and makes drilling for any purpose more profitable than it was a few decades ago. The constantly growing population in the Mississippi Valley has caused an increase in 12 DEEP BORINGS IN ILLINOIS. the demand for potable and mineral waters and a constant search for new deposits of oil, gas, and salt. Moreover, the general sinking of the water table, which has come with the deforestation and cultivation of the land, has made it necessary to find deeper and more lasting supplies of water for the general use of cities, railroads, manufacturers, and farmers. To obtain the record of deep borings that are constantly being made in every state would give employment to a large force of men. RELATIVE IMPORTANCE OF WELL WORK. Considering the fact that so much of the information which is obtained from the study of deep explorations cannot be obtained else¬ where, field work for obtaining such data cannot be regarded as expensive, since the records of a single well, if correctly interpreted, may frequently offer more really valuable geological information than can be obtained by the detailed and accurate mapping of the surface geology of an entire county. This statement is true for regions where the formations lie fiat and where the relief is small, and such conditions are general over most of the great area between the Appalachians and the Rocky Mountains. drillers' logs. • There is perhaps some excuse for the geologists 5 neglect of the study of deep borings, in that many records kept by the drillers are somewhat unreliable, or at least difficult to interpret correctly. It is therefore important that an attempt should be made to obtain samples of drillings and to make a thorough examination of all such material. Realizing the importance of such work in this State, the Director of the Illinois State Geological Survey early made arrangements with the drillers and owners of wells to procure sets of samples of the material penetrated by their explorations. During the last three years that the present writer was in the service of this Survey, most of this material was examined by him. Excepting the Reed well in Bureau County, all the deep explorations reported in this paper have been examined and described from samples of rock material. The drillers 5 logs of the explored formations are sometimes recorded in current publications. More frequently they are preserved in old files of various business houses or of private parties. The necessity of prompt preservation of such records is sometimes, but not always, particularly urgent, in order that the information that they contain shall be preserved for all time. PURPOSES AND METHODS OF STUDY. 13 SAMPLES. If samples are not taken while wells are being drilled, the oppor¬ tunity for collecting them is lost forever. In the earlier days samples were more often taken by owners of the wells than is customary today. Drilling is less of a novelty in our time. A few old well samples have been kept for many years, and it proved quite profitable to re-examine some of them. The record of the Monmouth well, which was published by Dr. Worthen from an examination of the samples made by Professor J. H. Southwell, is one of these. Devonian shale and limestone 109 feet thick and Kinderhook shale 124 feet thick were reported from this well without any descriptive particulars. On re-examination of the shales in these samples, which had been preserved for twenty-five years, they were found to contain Sporangites huronense, which undoubtedly correlates them with the Sweetland Creek shale in Iowa. The stratigraphic position of this shale is still a problem. It is evidently much more desirable to know the biological or physical characteristics of a shale or other rock, than to know that a shale or limestone exists at a given depth. DESCRIPTIVE RECORDS AND INTERPRETED RECORDS. Among the earlier geologists it was the common practice to give determinations of different strata reported from a well to the neglect of descriptions of their characteristics. For men with extensive train¬ ing and experience this practice may be excusable, but with the progress of science it will certainly always be more desirable to find the determinations accompanied by full descriptions. For men of limited experience the practice of giving determinations alone is very objection¬ able, as such reports may involve errors which cannot be corrected. Determinations of this kind are also likely to be misunderstood by .drillers and by the general public. In the collection of - w T ell records from the northern part of the State the writer has found several logs that enumerated two or three St. Peter sands, one following the other several hundred feet apart. The driller had evidently used the name as a term describing a certain quality of sand, and not as the name of a certain well-defined formation. TAKING OF SAMPLES. In collecting samples for examination it is of course desirable to take them at as close intervals as possible. Large samples are not necessary. An ounce of cuttings taken from each bucket, or from every five feet of drilling, will be ample for the study of “Coal Measures” 14 DEEP BORINGS IN ILLINOIS. strata in this State. Where the well is passing through the thicker limestones of the Silurian or Ordovician an ounce of cuttings taken every 10 feet is quite sufficient. When drilling in shale the operators are quite likely to neglect taking samples, owing to the desirability of rapidly penetrating such formations to avoid trouble from caving. In several sets which have been examined for this paper full samples were taken from the limestones, but only two or three samples represent a hundred feet of shale. In making records from samples this incon¬ sistency must be considered. It is always well to procure the driller’s record and to compare this with the result obtained from the samples. In some instances at least, it appears that the driller’s record is more accurate in reporting measurements than the labels accompanying the samples, when both of them are not in full agreement. In the driller’s records published in this paper, scrupulous care has been taken to give the record in the words of the form in which it was originally prepared. This is true of the labels accompanying samples as well. When labels and records disagree note has been made of the fact. Future explorations may help to determine which of the two is correct. SIGNIFICANCE OF MIXING IN SAMPLES. Many samples represent more than one kind of rock. In drilling through heavy limestone or other rock of uniform character the driller collects the most representative samples. In going through the strata of limited thicknesses samples will be mixtures of more than one formation. In such samples the lowest rock is usually preserved in the greatest abundance and in the largest fragments. Rock which has been penetrated in the lower five or ten feet will make up the large part of the sample. Under such conditions the sequence of the strata may usually be determined by observing the size of the cuttings. The rock belonging to the upper formation, provided it is of somewhat nearly the same texture and toughness as that in the lower formation, will be more abundantly represented among the smaller fragments. In case, of differences in hardness of the strata the representation among the several sizes of fragments may not have the same significance. Frag¬ ments of hard rock, when mixed with fragments of soft shale, will not grind fine as rapidly as when mixed with fragments of some other hard rock. Limestone, when overlying shale, will endure the wear of the shale under the drill for considerable distance, even 20 or 30 feet. For the purpose of obtaining more precise information on the distance below its true position at which a rock may be found in the drillings, some of the records which follow have been closely examined. PURPOSES AND METHODS OF STUDY. 15 Among twenty cases where coal has been seen in samples in which it evidently did not belong, it appears that in one case it had come from a seam 4 feet above the point at which the sample was taken; in six cases, 5 feet above it; in two cases, 6 feet; in three^ cases, 7 feet; in one case, 8 feet; in four cases, 10 feet; in two cases, 12 feet; and in one case, 26 feet above its position in the sample. Limestone appears to last somewhat longer. Lmder certain condi¬ tions fragments of this rock may be found in samples taken at much greater distances below the stratum where they belong. This is par¬ ticularly true when the drill passes through cavernous formations. In the well made at the State Asylum at Kankakee, fragments of Niagara limestone continued to appear in the drillings for several hundred feet below the bottom of the Niagara. Almost invariably the pieces of rock which fall into the bucket from above appear in the samples as a few fragments of considerable size, which have evidently been torn loose from caverns which were entered by the drill. Pebbles from the drift have often been observed in the drillings from 20 to 40 feet below the base of the drift. For making correct deductions with regard to the true position of material it is necessary to note to what depth a well has been cased, and at what stage in the work the casing has been installed. PREPARATION OF SAMPLES. It is always desirable that the samples be taken from the unwashed material directly from the bucket. When samples are washed some ingredients may be almost entirely removed. Samples may have the appearance of coming from a limestone, whereas the deposits they represent may be marls or clayey sands. In some samples the finest ingredient may contain characteristic materials which are important to note. CARE OF SAMPLES. For keeping and shipping samples bags of light cloth are very suitable. The United States Geological Survey uses this kind of sample bags, a four- by five-inch size being very serviceable. For samples which were obtained for this report from the Ohio Oil Company sample bags of manilla paper were used. These containers were furnished by the State Geological Survey and were provided with a metal strip at the top for closing. They were convenient to handle, but a few samples had been put in wet and the bags were torn and contents lost. 16 DEEP BOEINGS IN ILLINOIS. EXAMINATION OF SAMPLES. . A mere inspection will usually show whether samples consist of shale, limestone, or sandstone. If the sample is shale, the acid test may be applied to it to determine whether it is marly or calcareous, for which purpose a ten-per cent solution of hydrochloric acid will be found most suitable. Sometimes, however, the acid test is deceptive, for the sample may consist of fragments of clay or shale perfectly free from calcium carbonate, but mixed with calcareous material derived from limestone. Such a sample must be crushed in a mortar, and washed clean in order to free the shale fragments from the finest ground materials. It should then be examined under a hand lens while wet and again tested with acid for calcareous material. Samples consisting of limestone fragments should be treated in the same way. The texture of the rock will always appear best on a wet surface. In limestones as well as in shales it is always desirable to look for fossils. The experience of the writer has been that for this purpose it is necessary to dry the samples after washing and then to separate the smaller fragments from the larger ones by means of a set of sieves. The writer has used a set of the same kind as the set used by the United States Department of Agriculture for separating gravels, sands, and silts in making chemical analysis of soils. Fossils, such as impressions of leaves, thin shells of molluscs, shells of foraminifera, and spores of plants, will often be found in shales upon splitting the larger fragments with a knife. Larger fossil fragments may readily be found among the larger fragments of the samples by mere inspection witfy the naked eye. In making close search for any particular fossils it has been found advantageous to examine the separate sizes of rock fragments spread on a black surface, such as black oil-cloth, on which sufficient water is poured to wet them entirely. The material is then spread out with a knife blade and arranged with the same instrument in ridges running in parallel directions. In this way the eye with the aid of the hand lens can follow each row of fragments and see each separate particle thus displayed. For work in obscure or rare fossils it has been found that different degrees of success in finding them is determined by differences in the amount of daylight available. When examining samples it is desirable to take note of every possible characteristic of the rock, such as cleavage, texture, richness in organic fragments, toughness or brittleness. Notes should be made also of the occurrence of particles which are foreign in limestone, such as quartz grains of unusual color, grains of pyrite, or particles of bituminous materials. Determinations of the contents of shales and PURPOSES AND METHODS OF STUDY. 17 limestones can be made by. placing a part of the sample in a closed tube and noting changes of color, odor of fumes, behavior of the materials with a magnet after ignition, and other characteristics. Quartz grains imbedded in limestone can frequently be detected by grinding down a fragment of the rock on a stone, polishing the ground surface on a fine hone, and examining it for clear reflections from the polished surfaces of the sand grains. The light will be reflected from bright spots in the dull matrix of the limestone. Dolomitic limestone can be recognized by the crystallization, which results in a granular structure that is easily seen in a microscopic section, readily prepared from a small fragment, and by the slow effervescence in cold, dilute, hydrochloric acid. The fine material which is removed by washing a shale or a clay should be examined microscopically. Sandstones should be examined with regard to sizes of grains in the mixtures. The most ready and most useful method of doing this is to make a mechanical analysis by the aid of a set of sieves, weighing the ingredients retained by each mesh, and expressing the result in ratios of their weight to that of the whole sample. It is also profitable to note the shapes of the grains and the character of their surfaces— whether angular or round, whether smooth or etched, and whether or not they have secondary crystalline faces. The mineral composition of the sand or gravel can usually be determined with greater or less accuracy and expressed in general terms or by percentages obtained by actual count of the grains of different kinds. Sandstones show various « cementing materials such as carbonate of lime, silica, oxide of iron, and sulphide. CARE OF FOSSILS AND OTHER RARE MATERIALS. In the examination of any well samples specimens of fossils and rare characteristic minerals or rocks are occasionally found. These should be carefully preserved. It is, of course, desirable to retain sub¬ samples of everything. But some specimens need to be submitted to specialists, and should be preserved for all time. Samples of this kind may be donated to some large museum, willing to care for them. ADEQUATE FREEDOM IN THE DESCRIPTION OF SAMPLES. In the descriptions which follow, everything has been sacrificed for fullness of detail and accuracy, and repetitions are the rule. Only in a few places where no differences in successive samples could be noted, the expression “like the preceding” has been used. It is believed, however, that the use of this phrase is contributive to negligence in —2 G 18 DEEP BORINGS IX ILLINOIS. making observations. The range of observation is at best extremely limited in all work of this kind, and every possible detail of difference which can be made out may be helpful in the correct interpretation of the record, if not now, perhaps in the future, by some other worker. In obtaining records from drillers and in giving instruction for the taking of such records, it may be well to simplify matters by requiring descriptions to be made according to some set order, such as first naming of the rock, next stating its color, then describing the qualities pertaining to its hardness, and any other notable characteristics. But in making full and detailed descriptions of the material present in any sample this method imposes restrictions whch are objectionable. In the descriptions which follow but little regard has been given to the order of statement. The most abundant ingredient in any mixed sample has, however, always been described first. Directions for Examination of Well Samples. For workers who are interested in the study of well samples, a brief sketch of the methods used in obtaning the data presented in this paper is given in the form of directions for making examinations of such materials and for recording such examinations. The sample should first be examined by direct inspection and with a hand lens. I. If sample consists of sand, sandstone, gravel, or conglom¬ erate, note adherence, size, form, polish or etching of surfaces, and mineral characters of grains or pebbles. 1) Adherence is slight in soft sandstone, greater in hard. It may be due to the presence of a matrix or cementing material. Note nature of cementing material, whether abundant or scarce, whether calcareous, siliceous, ferruginous, etc. For this pur¬ pose it may be convenient to place a small fragment of the rock in a drop of dilute hydrochloric acid on a glass slide and examine without cover glass. 2) Size of grains is best determined by making a mechan¬ ical analysis, using the method of the United States Bureau of Soils down to grains one-eighth of a milli¬ meter in diameter, and giving numerical expressions to quantities of the different grades. 3) Form of grains discloses whether the sand is much or little worn, and whether the grains have grown by secondar}r crystallization. The finer grains are in¬ variably more angular than the coarser grains in the PURPOSES AND METHODS OF STUDY. 19 same sand, owing to the lesser force of impact of the smaller grains, and their more effective cushioning by water. 4) The polish or etching of the surfaces of most sand grains is not conspicuous, and may be neglected, but it is sometimes an important characteristic. 5) The mineral composition of sand grains is important. Numerical estimates of the different ingredients are always desirable. Most of the descriptions of the mineral composition of sands found in geological literature are inexact. II. If sample is not as above, test for calcareous material by the application of a cold ten-per cent solution of hydro- cloric acid. 1) If there is no response to acid the sample is probably either argillite or gypsum. Determine mineral charac¬ ter and note texture, structure, color, mineral, and fossil contents. If necessary, first wash and then dry the sample. It must be remembered however that coarse dolomite will not respond to dilute acid, unless heated, or unless the material to be tested is pulverized. a. Mechanical analyses of silts, shales, and clays are de¬ sirable, but often impracticable to make. Instead of such, describe in general terms, such as coarse, me¬ dium, fine or finest texture, supplying microscopic measurements of the bulk of the material when possible. b. Note whether the fragments show stratification, lamina¬ tion, or lack of such structures. Describe any varia¬ tions of these structures when present. c. Avoid exaggerations in describing colors. d. For determining the mineral contents of shales, exam¬ ine sample under microscope and make blowpipe tests. Note the nature of escaping fumes before and during ignition, and changes in color. Also note the behavior of the material with magnet after ignition. e. Fossils should be sought in the larger fragments with a hand lens. Such fragments may be split edgewise with a knife, when no fossils appear on the surface. The finer fragments should be sorted by sieves and each grade examined under a microscope for minute fossils, such as foraminifera, bryozoa, denticles of 20 DEEP BOEINGS IN ILLINOIS. annelids, spores, spicules of sponges, small parts of brachiopods and gasteropods and many others. Look also for microscopic concretions. 2) If there is effervescence with acid, the sample may be pure argillite mixed in the well with calcareous slime; clay ironstone; calcareous argillite, or marl; argillace¬ ous limestone; dolomite; calcareous limestone; or a mixture of these. If the sample is not clean, it should be washed and again dried, then separated by sieves into many different sizes, and again tested for calcareous material. a. If the sample is a mixture, the ingredients will usually appear in unequal quantities in the different lots. Each ingredient should be separately examined. b. Clay ironstone effervesces extremely slowly and be¬ comes magnetic after ignition. c. Marl treated in acid leaves a considerable insoluble residue. d. Argillaceous limestone treated in acid leaves a small insoluble residue. e. Dolomite effervesces slowly. /. Calcareous limestone effervesces rapidly. In distin¬ guishing between dolomite limestone and calcareous limestone care should be taken to apply the acid on a surface of a fresh fracture of the rock fragment. Dolomite, when powdered, effervesces rapidly, like calcite. A good way for making this test is to place a drop of the acid on a glass slide, and then to place a small fragment of the rock in this drop and examine under a hand lens. Marls and argillaceous limestones should be examined in the same manner as argillites. Dolomites seldom have fossils, except as moulds or casts in the larger fragments. Coarseness of the crystals should be noted in dolomites, either by exam¬ ining the finer-grained lots under the microscope or by making a thin section from some large fragment. Calcareous limestones should be examined and de¬ scribed as to texture, sedimentary structure, color, and fossil and mineral contents. The procedure is the same as with argillites. f 1 . Organic limestones.—If organic fragments are present, the limestone may be called organic. If PURPOSES AND METHODS OF STUDY. 21 organic fragments are invested by a thin sur¬ rounding coating of calcareous material, the rock may be described as an organic and incipi- ently oolitic rock. Organic fragments should be described as to size, form, abundance, arrange¬ ment, etc. When the organic fragments consti¬ tute the greater part of the rock and consist mostly of one class of organisms, this organism determines the name of the rock, as encrinital limestone, fusulina limestone, shell breccia, coral limestone, etc. f 2 . Characteristic minerals in limestones.—Limestones containing grains of green glauconite are said to be glauconitic. Limestones or dolomites im¬ pregnated with bituminous material are said to be bituminous. Similar descriptive names may be used for any other mineral ingredients, as, for example, pyritiferous, gypsiferous limestones. / 3 . Texture and structure of limestones.—A limestone consisting of the finest calcareous material exhib¬ iting no texture may be called compact. In some calcareous limestone the porous space has been filled with crystalline calcite. A limestone of somewhat open texture is porous. If the open spaces are large, the rock is cavernous. If the rock consists of distinct thin lavers, it mav be described as laminated. / 4 . Color in limestones.—As most colors in limestone are faint, care should be taken to avoid exaggera¬ tions in color descriptions. Some limestones exhibit uneven distribution of color throughout the mass, resulting in blotches or stains which merit notice and separate description. / 3 . Fossils in calcareous limestones and marls.— These rocks should always be examined for fos¬ sils. For the most careful work it will always be found necessary to separate the cuttings into lots of different sizes after washing and drying. These lots are then separately examined by the aid of a good hand lens. The cuttings should be spread on a black surface, barely covered with water, and separated into rows narrow enough to 22 DEEP BOEINGS IN ILLINOIS. be seen in the field of the hand lens. Sufficiently strong light is always desirable for this work. Identification of Formations. % CRITERIA FOR IDENTIFICATION. Interpretations of records must be made usually from the lithologic characteristics of the sediments penetrated. In the wells discussed in this paper only a few formations have been found to contain characteris¬ tic fossils in sufficient abundance to enable the writer to identify them. Where one or two such horizons can be identified the remaining part of the section may frequently be made out. Correct determinations of the formations penetrated can be made in many cases without fossils, espe¬ cially in localities where the terranes are fairly well known from other borings. For the greater part of the State of Illinois, the several forma¬ tions are well marked lithologically, as the structure is simple and the most of the beds lie fiat. With very few exceptions it has been possible to identify the various formations in the wells here discussed. (See Plates I to IV.) IDENTIFICATION BY FOSSILS. INTRODUCTORY STATEMENT. The principal horizons containing a sufficient number of fossils for the purpose of identification are the Upper Devonian black shale (Sweet- land Creek shale), Chester limestone, and the limestone overlying coal No. 6. DEVONIAN BLACK SHALE. General description. —In 1898 the writer had occasion to examine and describe a deposit of shale which lies below the Pennsylvanian, in Muscatine County, Iowa. It overlies unconformably the Cedar Valley limestone in this locality and its entire thickness is only about 40 feet. This shale is quite different from any shale in the “Coal Measures,” in that it is more evenly developed and single layers of it only a few inches thick may be traced for several miles. The upper part of the shale has a greyish-green color. Its lower part is dark, and this succeeded by some strata of dolomitic limestones at the base. These basal layers contain teeth of Ptyctodus calceolus, locally in abundance. The lower half of the formation contains also other fossils, such as: Lingula, sp. undet. L. cf. melie Hall. Lingula, cf. nuda Hall. Lingula subspatulata M. and W. (?) PURPOSES AND METHODS OE STUDY. 23 Spathiocaris emersoni Clarke. Solenocaris strigata Meek. Ptyctodus calceolus M. and W. Rhynchodus, cf. excavatus Newb. Synthetodus. Gasteropods. ' There is also present in considerable abundance the fossil known as Sporangites huronense. This fossil is supposed to be a spore of some paleozoic plant, and consists of brown circular discs almost too small to be seen by the unaided eye. In some layers it is present in such abundance as to give the shale a brownish color. The spores consist of a bituminous substance, and when submitted to a distilling heat the shale gives out a considerable amount of oil and gas. The best exposures are in the banks of Sweetland Creek. Under the Kinderhook limestone at Burlington, Iowa, there are some 300 feet of shale overlying the Devonian limestone. This shale has usually been referred to the Kinderhook group. Whether it is differ¬ ent from the Sweetland Creek shale, one overlying the other unconform- ably, or whether the two belong to the same formation is at present an undetermined question. The lower part of the shale at Muscatine was referred to the Chemung by Prof. Hall long ago, and its fish and crus- tacean fauna support this view. During the progress of this study, the writer has found in several wells a shale resembling the Sweetland Creek shale. Its identification with the Sweetland Creek shale is believed to be sufficiently certain. It is based upon the similarity in texture and general appearance of both shales, on the presence in both of Sporangites huronense, on the presence in both of certain fossil fragments resembling denticles of annelids, and on the presence in some well samples of a Lingula. The formation varies in thickness from less than 100 to 300 feet, owing, no doubt, to* the presence of an unconformity. (See Plates I and II.) The observa¬ tions made on this shale in the several wells are as follows: Galesburg City Well No. 3. —In the Galesburg city well No. 3, drilled in 1906, a light gray shale underlay the “Coal Measures” at a depth of 245 feet below the surface. With this shale were some pieces of white chert evidently from a remnant of the Burlington limestone above. More shale was taken from 330 feet below the surface. This was labeled “brown shale.” It contained well-preserved Sporangites in abundance* When crushed by the drill these no doubt gave a brown color to the shale, that otherwise was gray. The next sample below this was from 380 feet below the surface and consisted of a soft, shaly limestone, probably Devonian. The shale at this place may be 100 feet thick. The Old Monmouth City Well. —In the well drilled in 1887 at 410 North Sixth Street, in the city of Monmouth, a greenish-gray shale, no 24 DEEP BOEINGS IN ILLINOIS. doubt equivalent to the Kinderhook shale at Burlington, Iowa, extends from 168 to 299 feet below the surface. Under this there is a dark gray shale extending down to 427 feet below the surface. From this bed nineteen samples were taken about five feet apart, and in more than half Sporangites huronense is present. Some annelid denticles were also observed in one sample taken, 313 feet below the surface. The total thickness of the two shales is 261 feet. Henry City Well .—From the old city well at Henry, Marshall County, drilled in 1886, one sample of drilling was taken representing the strata from 325 to 402 feet below the surface. A part of this sample consists of shale belonging to the “Coal Measures” which in this well extends from 130 to 325 feet below the surface. This is mostly white, finely granular limestone, probably Devonian. Schuyler Oil and Gas Company's Well .—This well was made in 1909 on a farm belonging to Mr. W. B. Manlove in Birmingham Town¬ ship, Schu}der County, about four miles southeast of Plymouth. The Mississippian limestones in this boring continue down to 240 feet below the surface and are underlain by 450 feet of shale. The descriptions of the samples from 246 to 683 feet below the surface are as follows: Partial record of Schuyler Oil and Gas Co.'s well, near Plymouth, Illinois. Depth Description of rocks penetrated. in feet. Light shale, with fragments of limestone. 246 Light blue shale, with much pyrite in small crystals. Fragments of calcareous limestone frequent . 280 Light blue shale, with pyrite and calcareous fragments. 292 Light, greenish blue shale, with pyrite . 295 Light, greenish blue shale, with only infrequent crystals of pyrite. 302 Light, greenish blue shale. No pyrite noted. 302 Light, greenish blue shale. 310 Light, greenish blue shale. 320 Greenish gray shale, with poorly preserved specimens of Sporangites occurring sparsely . 330 Greenish gray shale, with Sporangites . 340 Greenish gray shale, with poorly preserved specimens of Sporangites . 345 Gray shale, faintly micaceous, with Sporangites . 355 Gray shale, with abundant Sporangites and occasional crystals of pyrite. ... 365 Gray shale, with Sporangites poorly preserved. 400 Light gray shale, micaceous with comparatively thick specimens of Spor¬ angites, and shapeless fragments of resinous material which appear to be shreds of Sporangites . 415 Shale, almost black, showing reflections of minute scales of mica. A highly bituminous rock which burns for a few minutes after it has been thoroughly ignited. On the split surfaces of some large fragments several small specimens of Lingula were noted, about one millimeter in diameter. The distance from the umbo to the ventral margin of the valves was slightly greater than the transverse distance. Faint lines radiated from the umbo and distinct concentric lines of growth were seen. Irregular minute tubercles appear on the outer part of the valves. This black shale appears as a yellow translucent mass in transmitted light under the lens. . 511 A highly bituminous limestone, most of which effervesces brickly with acid. Some efferesces hardly at all. Some of the sample is crystalline calcite. Some bituminous fragments burn, when ignited, for a few seconds. The label on the sample was blurred, 5?1, but its highly bituminous character makes it probable that it is from about the same depth as the previous sample. Near (?). 511 Green clay shale, not effervescing in acid. 600 Greenish-gray shale of very fine plastic texture, effervescing slightly with acid, containing a valve of an Estheria? Label indistinct; 680 or 683.... 683 Under this lay 270 feet of limestone, probably partly of Devonian and partly of Trenton age. PURPOSES AND METHODS OF STUDY. 25 The Peoria Glen Oak Park Well. —This well record shows 150 feet of drift, 250 feet of “Coal-Measure,” .125 feet of Mississippian lime¬ stone, and under this 195 feet of shale, of which at least the lower 70 feet are to be correlated with the Sweetland Creek shale. This rests on calcareous limestone believed to be of Devonian age. The samples exam¬ ined were as below: Partial record of Glen Oak Park well, Peoria, III. Depth below surface in feet. From. To. Greenish gray shale with fragments of sponge spicules. Some frag¬ ment of a bluish translucent rock show a network of embedded spicules (Kinderhook) . 525 590 Gray, slightly micaceous shale with crystals of pyrite and indistinct specimens of Sporangites liuronense . 590 650 Like the preceding, with frequent specimens of Sporangites huronense 650 720 The K. and E. Young well No. 29, Clark County. —From the depth of 1205 feet to 1210 feet in this well a black bituminous shale was noted, which the writer believes to be the equivalent of the Sweetland Creek shale. It was represented by a single fragment in a sample which other¬ wise consisted of limestone, and had without doubt come from a stratum some distance higher up in the well. Lulu Shover well No. 1, Clark County .—The sample representing the part of this well from 1600 to 1690 feet consists of a highly bitu¬ minous shale of the characteristic appearance of the Sweetland Creek shale, and it contains readily recognizable spores identified as Sporan¬ gites huronense. CHESTER FORMATION. In some of the Chester formation Pentremites exists in such num¬ bers that recognizable fragments of this fossil may come up with the drillings. Such was the case in the Illinois Coal and Coke Company’s well at St. Johns in Perry County, where this fossil was found at 1100 and again at 1300 feet below the surface in association with fragments of Archimedes. LIMESTONE ABOVE COAL NO. 6. The limestone above coal No. 6 is a remarkably persistent feature in the “Coal Measures” throughout the State. This limestone measures from less than 100 to 600 feet in thickness. It varies in composition from a black, marly shale to a 'hard, white limestone. In the wells which penetrate this limestone in the southern part of the State, it was possible to identify the rock in one-half of the number by the presence of frag¬ ments of Fusulina cylindrica. In its outcrops in the northern and western part of the State this limestone invariably contains the fossil in such abundance that it usually can be found in every cubic inch of 26 DEEP BOEINGS IN ILLINOIS. the rock. It is believed that this fossil has a vertical distribution of less than 20 feet in the entire section of the “Coal Measures” in Illinois. In no well has the fossil been observed at more than one horizon. It can usually be found most readily in those sizes of drillings which measure from one-fourth of a millimeter to two millimeters in diameter. The fragments have almost invariably a dull, brownish-yellow colour on clean fractures, and they are readily identified by the internal structure pecu¬ liar to the fossil. Associated with this Fusilina are almost always to be found fragments of Rliombopora lepidodendroides, some peculiarly tuberculated pinnules of a crinoid, and sometimes entire shells of Endothyra. Most of the crinoid pinnules are less than a millimeter in length and have the general shape of a phalangeal bone of the human hand, possessing a longitudinal groove on one side, the opposite side being ornamented with exceedingly minute tubercles arranged according to a characteristic pattern. Fusilina seems to be particularly abundant in this limestone in the well in Marion County. In the oil fields of Crawford and Lawrence counties it is less common and does not always appear in drillings taken at intervals of five feet. OTHER FOSSIL-BEARING FORMATIONS. Besides these horizons which are characterized by the persistent recurrence of identifiable fossils, two other horizons may be mentioned m which characteristic fossils are more or less fortuitous. One of these is the St. Louis limestone, in which in a few wells very minute spines of echinoids occasionally may be found. These spines are usually so small that they can hardly be seen with a hand lens. Several specimens show¬ ing the sockets and lower ends of the spines have been noted. No doubt such spines may be found in other formations, but in the well samples of this State, none have thus far been noted except in the St. Louis formation. In the upper “Coal Measures,” that is, in that part lying above coal Xo. 6 some of the dark and grey shales contain shells of an Ammo- discus in sufficient numbers to be observed. This shell is also found in similar shales above coal No. 5, but it appears to be more abundant and larger in the upper part of the “Coal Measures.” It may be added that joints of crinoid stems are profuse in much of the limestone of the Mis- sissippian series and quite abundant in the limestones of the “Coal Measures.” They are also frequently found in some samples from the earlier Paleozoic, as far down as the base of the Trenton. Bryozoa are abundant in the Warsaw of the Mississippian. They are noted in places in the Devonian and seldom absent from calcareous horizons in the Cincinnatian. PURPOSES AND METHODS OE STUDY. 27 IDENTIFICATION BY PHYSICAL CHARACTERS. ENUMERATION OF PHYSICAL CHARACTERS. The physical characters which may serve to identify the various formations and horizons in the wells of this State are color, texture, and composition. CHARACTERISTIC COLORS. Some colors are characteristic of certain formations. Beginning with the lowest part of the geological column for this State, we find that the Potsdam sandstone with its associated shales is composed largely of red sandstone and some red shale. The red Potsdam sandstone is in some places a pinkish-red. The color seems to be inherent in the quartz itself to some extent. In part it is due to a coating of ocher on the surface of the grains. Above and below the St. Peter sandstone a few feet of shale are commonly present. This may be red, white, blue, or grey. The limestone of the Kinderhook is characterized, at least in the western part of the State, by a pinkish-red tint. In the Chester formation blue shales alternate with red shales throughout the entire formation. Many of the red shales have a purple tint shading into green or blue. The sandy fire clay, which is nearly always present hear the base of the Pennsylvanian in the western part of the State, is red in spots or streaks. Another horizon characterized by red shale lies between coal No. 6 and coal No. 7. This red shale is evidently not very thick and is locally absent. In the southwestern part of the State it is characterized in some places by hard shaly fragments which possess very thin and trenchantly marked laminations of red, dark grey, and light materials. At a level of some 300 or 400 feet above this coal red shale has in many places been found. Dark, almost black, colors are to be noted in most shales that overlie coals or occupy coal horizons, but in the Pennsylvanian series of strata the variations from shale to fine silt and fine sandstone are so common that no level can be distinguished as being especially characterized by the presence of dark shales. A part of the Chester shales are dark, and the shales of the Upper Devonian, as observed in the central and northern part of the State, are almost black shales. A dark grey, dirty, or even black color also characterizes the lower part of the Cincinnatian shale where it is more or less bituminous. Limestones are mostly white or grey. The Trenton is usually grey or light grey. The Galena formation is generally a faint straw-color, or light grey with a tint of yellow. The Niagara is mostly dull grey in its lower part, but in its upper 200 feet it may be yellow or pure white. Most of the Mississippian limestones are white or grey, in a few places yellow. In the St. Louis limestones have been found a few fragments 28 DEEP BORINGS IN ILLINOIS. which have a peculiar and characteristic salmon-red color. This color is so different from any shade of red in the other limestones of this State, that it alone would almost be sufficient to identify these forma¬ tions. Few fragments of this color are found in well samples, because they occur only in nests in the otherwise grey limestones. The pink color of the Kinderhook limestone has already been noted. The limestones of . the Pennsylvanian are quite variable in their shades, but they vary mostly between white and black. Black and color in these rocks is due mostly to the presence of bituminous matter, locally to the presence of pyrite. In the Mississippian limestones, as well as those of Pennsylvanian age, fragments of an intensely green mineral are seen in places. Such grains have not been observed in the Silurian and Ordovi¬ cian limestones. The Lower Ordovician limestone especially the lime¬ stone lying a few hundred feet below the St. Peter sandstone, is com¬ monly greenish from the presence of grains of glauconite. > CHARACTERISTIC TEXTURES. Texture in sandstones .—In Illinois the texture of the Potsdam sand¬ stone as shown from well samples, is quite variable, but coarse texture is less common in this group than is fine texture. In comparison with the St. Peter sandstone the grains of the Potsdam are more angular. Large portions of the Potsdam sandstone approach the limit of demarca¬ tion between sandstone and silty shales. This cannot be said of the St. Peter sandstone, nor of the upper sandstones lying in the Lower Mag¬ nesian formation. The Lower Magnesian limestone consists in many places of sand grains in a calcareous matrix. The sand grains are well rounded and of about the same coarseness as those in the St. Peter sandstone. The proportions of sand grains and matrix vary so greatly that drillers fre¬ quently report sandstone beds in the limestone. The St. Peter sandstone is coarse grained, the grains ranging from one to one-eighth millimeter in diameter. An invariable characteristic of the sandstone, so far as it has been observed in the well samples, is that its constituent grains are greatly worn, rounded, and polished. This feature also characterizes the sandstones in the upper part of the Lower Magnesian limestones. Another characteristic of the St. Peter sandstone is its freedom from foreign material. It will be recalled that this feature renders it suitable for the manufacture of glass. The sandstones of the Mississippian series are, as a rule, of slightly finer texture than the Ordovician sandstones. Some of the Mississippian sandstones are also quite pure. In this series are also many limestones that contain embedded grains of quartz sand. PURPOSES AND METHODS OF STUDY. 29 The Pennsylvanian sandstones in this State can usually be recog¬ nized by the angularity of their sand grains. The finer sandstones may frequently be recognized by the presence of a small ingredient of mica scales. Examined under a microscope the Pennsylvanian sandstones are seen to contain a few reddish and greenish grains and some grains of a dull-white color. Some sandstones contain grains that have been enlarged by the crystallization of silica on their original surfaces. In the terranes here explored enlarged sand grains are common in the lower part of the St. Peter sandstone and in the basal sandstones of the Pennsylvanian. Judging from a great number of observations on well samples it appears to the writer that such secondary growth is characteristic of basal sands overlying an unconformity. It is frequently to be noted in the basal sands of the Cretaceous of the West, as well as in the basal sands of the Pennsylvanian. Texture in shales .—In texture, the shales and clays can hardly be said to present any characteristics peculiar to different formations. The Potsdam shales vary from the finest material to fine sand, and may or may not be micaceous. The shales lying above and below the St. Peter sandstone are also, so far as observed, of exceedingly fine texture, being plastic clays, rather than shales. The shales of the upper Devonian may be characterized as having an exceptionally uniform, fine texture, and as containing but little micaceous material. The same may be said of the shales of the Mississippian series. In the Pennsylvanian series the argillites vary between all extremes. The fire clays may be composed of the finest material or may be almost sand. The black shales over- lying the coals do not show much mica. The sandy shales of the series are almost invariably micaceous and much of the material is so near the limit between fine sand and shale that it is sometimes reported as sand and sometimes as shale by the drillers. * Texture in limestones .—The most common distinction noted in the limestones in the northern half of Illinois is that between calcareous and dolomitic. A fairly constant stratigraphic level separates the dolomitic from the calcareous formations in the upper Mississippi valley. This level is the top of the Niagaran. With the exception of the Tren¬ ton, all the Silurian, Ordovician, and Cambrian limestones are magnesian, whereas the Devonian, Mississippian, and Pennsylvanian are in most places calcareous. Some strata in the Mississippian are dolomitic, and very rarely a few feet of dolomitic limestone are present in the Penn¬ sylvanian series. i 30 DEEP BORINGS IN ILLINOIS. In the southern part of the State the process of dolomitization of the pre-Carboniferous limestones probably has not been the same as that farther north. When sections are examined under the microscope all dolomites show a granular structure as they consist of minute crystals of dolomite. The size of these crystals is quite variable, ranging in the rocks here studied from nearly one-half millimeter in diameter to near the limit of visibility by a one-fourth inch objective. In the pre-Devonian rocks of Illinois there are two formations in which coarse dolomitic limestones are quite common: the Niagaran, especially its upper half, and the Galena. Usually fine-grained strata alternate with coarser strata, the changes being from ten to fifty feet apart. The dolomitic limestones in the Mississippian and in the Devonian series are, so far as observed, of fine texture. Limestones which have not been changed to dolomites present a great variety of textures. They range between two extremes: those com¬ posed of impalpable calcareous material too fine to show any texture, and those composed almost wholly of calcareous particles, either of organic or of mechanical origin. Most calcareous limestones are mixtures of the coarse and fine ingredients. By far the larger part of all calcareous lime¬ stones in the formations here explored consist of organic material. Such is the Trenton limestone, the lower part of which is composed almost entirely of fragments of shells, poorly cemented in the southern part of the State. In the northern part of the State the Trenton contains finer calcareous material and is decidedly laminated, so that under the impact of the drill it generally breaks into thin, and more or less flat, pieces. The Burlington limestone is characterized by a profusion of crinoidal fragments, mostly joints of stems, that are composed of calcite which appears in the drillings largely as cleavage fragments. Calcareous limestone of the finest, most compact texture, and con¬ taining scarcely any noticeable larger fragments is common in the St. Louis and in some parts of the Devonian. Rock of this kind is also occasionally to be noted in the Pennsylvanian and in the Chester. Oolitic limestone characterizes the upper and lower parts of the St. Louis limestone, is rarely absent from the Kinderhook, and is also present in the Chester. The dolomitic, and sometimes chert-bearing, limestone in the Lower Magnesian also contains oolitic strata in some places and this structure appears in some of the cherts. The Chester oolites differ from most others in containing worn organic fragments, mingled in all gradations with oolitic spherules. The latter may have perfect shape or may be rounded, elongated, and flattened oolitic bodies containing central organic fragments. Many of the organic fragments PURPOSES AND METHODS OF STUDY. 31 are well rounded and are covered with a calcareous coating which, no doubt, is of the same origin as the incrusting concentric layers of the oolitic spherules. CHARACTERISTIC COMPONENTS. Chert and flint. —Chert and flint are recognized by the smooth con- choidal fracture of their fragments and by their sharp and smooth edges as well as by the usually greater translucency of flint when compared with limestone. Pure flint is not affected by acid, but chert commonly contains calcareous material and must then be identified by its hardness. Occasionally samples from a formation will consist mainly of chert, but this happens only when samples are taken while the drill is working on some thin chert layer. Usually the chert and flint are present only in small quantity in limestone cuttings. In the terranes of the northern part of the State flint and chert characterizes two horizons. They are almost invariably present in the drillings from the Burlington limestone, where they are so abundant in some places as to make up the larger part of the drillings. In the Niagara also some chert is nearly always found. Along the Mississippi it is evidently most abundant in the lower part of the formation. In some other limestones chert occurs with less regularity. It has been noted in the limestones of the Lower Magnesian, Galena, Devonian, St. Louis, and the Chester. Concretionary quartz is found at places in the Devonian limestone. In the northern part of the State this material is quite unlike flint in texture. It is exceptionally tough and is more translucent than flint, somewhat resembling agate or chalcedony in gen¬ eral appearance. In the southern part of the State the Devonian con¬ tains much chert. The Pennsylvanian limestones have not been found to contain chert or flint in any samples examined. Glauconite. —Glauconite, consisting of dark green grains which are softer than limestone, is characteristic of the lower part of the Lower Magnesian limestones. In the upper 200 or 300 feet glauconite has not been observed in any of the samples examined. Pyrite. —Pyrite, which is present in small quantities in all forma¬ tions, is abundant at the contact of the Mississippian and the “Coal Measures” in some places, and also near the base of the Upper Devonian black shale. Identification by Gross Stratigraphic Features. (see PLATES I TO IY.) The Lower Cambrian system, so far as examined in this State, con¬ sists of sandstones and shales, some portions being red. Most of the red 32 DEEP BORINGS IN ILLINOIS. sands are fine textured. The thickness of the shale beds is usually less than 50 feet, and contain in their upper portion some beds of sand or sandy limestone. The St. Peter is a sandstone from 100 to 200 feet thick locally including some soft shale above or below or at both horizons. The Trenton in the northern two-thirds of the State is a thin- bedded, usually calcareous, limestone about 100 feet thick. In well drillings it is usually not to be sharply differentiated from the overlying Galena limestone. The Galena limestone is dolomitic, but otherwise like the Trenton, with which it makes a single limestone terrane some 400 feet thick. It is usually water bearing. The Cincinnatian is a shale commonly containing considerable cal¬ careous material and some limestone. It ranges in thickness from less than 100 feet to more than 200 feet. The Niagara (Silurian) is a limestone which may be entirely absent or have a thickness of 400 or 500 feet. It is separated from the overlying Devonian by an unconformity. . The Devonian consists of two main divisions: (1) At the bottom limestones, which may be absent or attain a thickness of 150 feet in the northern part of the State, but have a possible thickness of 1,500 feet or more in the southern part; (2) shale locally absent or varying from 200 to 300 feet. It is not yet known whether this shale is separated from the overlying Kinderhook shale by an unconformity. The two appear in some well records as one continuous shale formation more than 400 feet thick. The lower portion of the Kinderhook consists of the shale just men¬ tioned. Its upper part consists of limestone and some shale or shaly limestone. The thickness of the formation cannot be definitely deter¬ mined from deep borings. It is probably less than 50 feet thick in imny places and never much more than 100 feet thick. The Burlington limestone possesses a fairly uniform texture. It is probably everywhere less than 100 feet thick. The St. Louis (including the Keokuk, Warsaw, Salem, St. Louis proper, and Ste. Genevieve) is a variable succession of limestones and shales about 600 feet thick. Its upper part usually contains a continu¬ ous bed of limestone 250 feet thick. The Chester is a variable succession of sandstone, limestone, and grey, green, and red shales, comprising a total thickness of about 600 feet. The Pottsville consists of less than 100 to 300 or 400 feet of sand¬ stones and shales. The shales are characterized more or less by thin, PURPOSES AND METHODS OF STUDY. 33 grey, and almost black, laminations many of which are less than one- fiftieth of an inch thick. Some thin coal seams exist in the formation. The Pennsylvanian may be absent or may include sandstone, shale, limestone, marl, fire clay, and coal which merge into one another at short distances. The thickest sandstones lie in its lower 200 feet, and most of the limestone is above these sandstones. The general character of the Pennsylvanian sediments in the oil fields in southeastern Illinois has been determined by a study of samples from the following nine wells: Crawford County— O. P. Edwards, No. 15. J. M. Drake, No. 23. J. C. Wilson, No. 21. M. Shiltz, No. 7. C. F. Curtis, No. 8. C. T. Cochran, No. 9. C. E. Siler, No. 4. L. R. Newlin, No. 22. Lawrence County— W. B. Gray, No. 2. Note was taken of the thickness of each separate bed penetrated in these wells, as near as it could be determined from the drillings exam¬ ined. The sediments were classified as sandstone, shale, limestone, coal, fire clay, and "clod.” By the latter term were designated such cal¬ careous layers or clayey limestones as lie immediately above some coal beds. The number of beds falling between certain indicated limits of thickness was ascertained separately for that part of the Pennsylvanian (McLeansboro) which lies above coal No. 6, and for the part lying below this coal (Carbondale and Pottsville). It will.be seen that most of the distinguishable beds penetrated are less than 10 feet thick in both parts of the section. No beds of coal, fire clay, or "clod” measured more than five feet. Most of the beds measuring 50 feet and more are shale, only six sandstones having this thickness. Limestones are decidedly fewer and thinner in the lower part of the section than in its upper portion. The number and thickness of Pennsylvanian strata above coal No. 6. 34 DEEP BOEINGS IN ILLINOIS. The number and thickness of Pennsylvanian strata below coal No. 6. Limits of thickness in feet. Kind of rock. Sandstone Shale. Limestone Coal. Fire clay.. “Clod”. Total Taking the same measurements and averaging them for the different rocks in the two divisions we find the average thickness of the different kinds of sediments to be as indicated below. The measurements of the coals are, of course only estimates. s Table showing the average thickness, in feet, of the Pennsylvanian strata above and below coal No. 6. Kind of rock. Above coal No. 6. Below Coal No. 6. Shale. 22.5 24.6 Sandstone. 21.1 16.7 Limestone. 7.5 4.3 Fire clay. 4.6 5.6 “Clod”.. 4.7 5.2 Coal. 1.5 1.2 It will be seen that the limestones and shales are slightly thicker in the upper division, and the sandstones in the lower division. The rela¬ tive importance of the different rocks in each of the two divisions of the Pennsylvanian may also be determined from the same measurements with a fair accuracy by simply recording in percentages the number of feet of each kind of rock penetrated by the drill. These percentages are as fol¬ lows : The percentages of various Pennsylvanian strata above and below coal No. 6. Kind of rock. Above coal No. 6. Below coal No. 6. In both divisions. Shale . 54.7 71.0 61.8 Sandstone. 33.2 21.9 28.5 Limestone. 8.5 1.8 5.7 Coal. 1.4 2.1 1.7 Fire clay. 1.4 1.6 1.4 “Clod”. .6 .9 .7 This table shows that sandstone and limestone are relatively more important in the upper division and shale in the lower division. 0-5. 6-10. 11-15. 16-20. 1 21-25. 26-30. 31-35. 36-40. 41-45. 46-50. 51-55. 56-65. 66-75. 75-130. | 32 18 12 11 7 1 1 1 24 34 15 12 9 5 3 2 5 3 2 2 4 11 1 1 1 56 6 8 137 63 28 23 15 10 5 4 3 5 3 2 2 4 35 PART II.—WELL RECORDS. INTRODUCTION. On the following pages are recorded observations made on samples of drillings from 43 wells in different parts of the State (Plate I). They have been prepared for the nse of professional workers in strati¬ graphic problems, and for reference nse by parties interested in data near the localities represented. It is hoped that these descriptions will furnish a fullness of stratigraphic detail that may prove of permanent value to future workers in the State. They represent a part of the stratigraphic data that have been preserved during the extensive ex¬ ploration of the oil-bearing horizons in the south part of the State in the last decade. They can therefore never be duplicated. However, many similar observations may be added by future workers. They are presented for preservation by publication with about the same object as detailed observations are made, tabulated, recorded, and published, by workers in other sciences, as paleontology and astronomy. Also the publication of descriptive accounts of underground stratigraphic obser¬ vations is desirable because it is often of economic importance to local business enterprises. To the general student of geological literature these pages are of course of little interest, unless it be in giving brief notes expressing the observer’s judgments and conclusions on the strati¬ graphy of the localities represented. Reference should be made to Plates I to IY. 1. WELL OF ELGIN WATERWORKS, ELGIN, KANE COUNTY. In 1901 and 1903 the City of Elgin made four deep wells to furnish the main public water supply. These wells are within 600 feet of each other. They are located at the waterworks near the intersection of Spring and Water streets, about one and one-fourth mile north of the Elgin Post Office. Three of the wells are about 1,350 feet deep, and the fourth about 2,000 feet deep. The principal water beds are at depths ranging from 560 to 702 feet and from 1,050 to 1,300 feet. One well has a diameter of twelve inches for a depth of 702 feet and another has the same diameter down to 1,200 feet. Below this the diameters are eight inches. The elevation of the curbs above sea level is 742 feet, and 36 DEEP BOEINGS IN ILLINOIS. none of the wells flow, but the original level to which the water rose was not far from the surface. The maximum yield of each well by pumping is 500,000 gallons in twenty-four hours. Mr. E. E. Parkin, superintendent of the waterworks, who furnished the above data, also records that the strata penetrated in the four wells were identical, and describes them for two of the wells, as below. He has also kindly furnished the writer with a set of samples of the drillings from one of the wells, with labels indicating the part of the section from which each sample w'as taken. The samples were submitted in 1909. The other data were furnished in July, 1906. Parkin’s record of well 1,300 feet deep. Drift . Limestone . Shale . Niagara limestone, dark . Niagara limestone, light. Niagara limestone, brown . . . Mixed shale . Trenton limestone . Saint Peter sandstone . Saint Peter sandstone white Lime, Lower Magnesian . Lime, Lower Magnesian, hard Lime and shale, hard . Sand, pink . Pink limestone . Sandstone . Depth in feet. 39 65 115 185 325 409 485 560 640 702 750 850 880 950 . 1,050 . 1,300 Parkin’s record of well 2,000 feet deep. Drift . Limestone . Shale . Niagara limestone, dark . Niagara limestone, light . Niagara limestone, brown ... Mixed shale . Trenton limestone . Saint Peter, sand, dark . Saint Peter, sand, white Lime, Lower Magnesian . Lime, Lower Magnesian, hard Lime, hard, like shale . Sand, pink stained . Pink limestone . Sandstone, dark . Sandy limestone . Medina sandstone . Madison sandstone . Potsdam sandstone, dark Potsdam, red sandstone . Mixed lime with sand . Depth in feet. 38 65 115 185 325 400 485 560 640 702 750 850 880 950 . 1,050 , 1,350 . 1,580 . 1,625 . 1,645 . 1,800 . 1,880 . 2,000 Description of the samples from the Elgin well. (Note. —The writer’s interpretations are indicated in italics.) Silurian, Niagaran, 21 feet. Limestone, dolomitic, straw-color, crystalline and porous. Ordovician, Cincinnatian, 60 feet. Dolomitic shale, soft and bluish-gray .. Ordovician, Galena-Trenton, 520 feet. Dolomitic limestone, coarse in texture, with some calcite, ana pyrite, color dark, slightly bituminous . Limestone, white dolomitic, porous .• • .. Limestone, gray, dolomitic, with fairly coarse texture . Limestone, dolomitic, of fine texture, bluish gray . Depth in feet. From. To. 39 60 60 120 120 185 185 482 482 500 500 640 ILLINOIS STATE GEOLOGICAL SURVEY BULL. No. 24. PLATE I Locations of deep wells studied. WELL RECORDS. 37 Description of the samples from the Elgin Well —Concluded. Depth in feet. From. To. Ordovician, St. Peter, 62 feet. Rounded quartz sand, .white . 640 702 Ordovician, Oneota, 313 feet. Dolomitic limestone, white with a few dark greenish specks. Some doubtful oolitic grains noted . 702 750 White dolomitic limestone, with chert and occasional sand grains. 750 880 White dolomitic limestone, with some sand . 880 950 Sandy marl, red, with some green grains . 950 1,015 Cambrian, Potsdam, 990 feet. White sand, grains rounded and fairly coarse, with some chips of green shale and some bright green material in small frag¬ ments . 1,015 1,800 Sandstone, fine grained, reddish gray, grains visible under a good hand lens . 1,300 1,350 White quartz sand, with some rounded grains and some grains with facets due to secondary growth. Some grains were held in a dolomitic matrix, which was seen to contain green grains of glauconite . 1,350 1,580 Gray shale, marly and sandy . 1,580 1,635 Red sandstone . 1,635 1,700 Coarse yellow sand . 1,700 1,778 Yellowish sand, some grains of a pink color, many grains with crystal facets due to secondary growth . 1,778 1,880 Coarse sandstone, with many grains of pink color, and many grains showing secondary growth. Some glauconite grains were noted in the cementing matrix, and there were small fragments of a fine, red sandstone . 1,880 1,980 Brown, quite coarse, sand, with rare fragments of glauconite.... 1,980 2,005 2. WELL NO. 3, CITY WATERWORKS, BLUE ISLAND, COOK COUNTY. The city of Blue Island drilled the third well for its waterworks near the northeast corner of its lot, the work beginning on June 1, 1909, and being finished on March 3, 1910. John W. Alvord and Charles H. Burdick, hydraulic engineers in Chicago, took samples from the drillings the entire depth of the well. The surface elevation of the well is 640.9 feet above mean sea level, and the static water level at the time the well was finished was 469 feet above sea level, or 172 feet below the surface. The size of the bore is as follows: Depth in feet. Diameter From. To. in inches. 0- 69.4 . 20 69.4- 251.6 . 16 251.6- 506.1 . 10 506.8- 985.8 . 8 985.8- 1579.8 . 6 The engineers in charge examined the samples and have furnished the following descriptions and determinations of the formations which they represent. These, according to the judgment of the writer, are correct. Record of well No. 3, Blue Island, Illinois. Thickness in feet. Pleistocene, drift. Sand . 59 Clay . 3 Silurian, Niagaran. Limestone . 408 Ordovician, Hudson River, Cincinnatian. Shale .'... 105 Ordovician, Galena-Trenton. Limestone . 334 38 DEEP BOEINGS IN ILLINOIS. Record of well No. 3, Blue Island, Illinois —Concluded. Thickness in feet. Ordovician, St. Peter. Sandstone . 145 Ordovician, Oneota. Limestone . 275 Limestone, limestone and sandstone, sandstone and “pebbles” at (1440), and sandstone . 136 Cambrian, Potsdam. Sandstone . 185 • - ■ - - ■ ■ 1,650 On March 9th a test of the yield of water was made by the engineers in charge, and it was found that when the well was pumped at the rate of 306 gallons per minute, and when well No. 1 was at the same time being pumped to supply the city, the level of the water in well No. 3 was lowered from 186 to 201 feet in four hours. An analysis of the water from well No. 3 was made by the Dearborn Drug and Chemical Works in Chicago and is given as below: Analysis of water from well No. 3, Blue Island, Illinois. (In grains per U. S. gallon of 231 cubic inches.) Silica (Si0 2 ) 385 Oxides of iron and aluminum (Fe 2 0 3 , A1 2 0 3 ) .151 Carbonate of lime (CaC0 3 ) . 6.416 Sulphate of lime (CaS0 4 ) . 27.729 Carbonate of magnesium (MgCOs) . 7.335 Sodium and potassium sulphates (Na 2 S0 4 and K 2 S0 4 ) .16.101 Sodium and potassium chlorides (NaCl and KC1) .11.560 Loss, etc.169 Total solids .. 89.846 Total incrusting solids .42.016 Total non-incrusting solids . 27.830 From a blue-print section of the well prepared by Alvord and Bur¬ dick it appears that their determinations of the geological formations were made from no less than 132 samples, taken usually at intervals five or ten feet. A set of fifty-seven of these samples was furnished the writer. Descriptions and determinations of these follow. It will be noted that there are some discrepancies between the depths at which some of these samples are reported to have come and those given in the section bv Alvord and Burdick. This is due to the fact that a correction was applied by the engineers to the figures in the section, whereas the depths marked on the samples have been left as first recorded by the drillers. Description of samples from well No. 3, Blue Island, Illinois. Depth in feet. Pleistocene. Not represented in samples. Silurian, Niagaran. Dolomitic limestone, of fine-grained crystalline texture, a few fragments with a greenish tinge and some black specks that lack sharp outlines 75 Dolomitic limestone, like the preceding . 15U Dolomitic limestone, white and grayish white, with rare fragments of white chert . 175 Dolomitic limestone, almost white, with some fragments of a faint greenish color . 200 WELL RECORDS. 39 Description of samples from well No. 3 —Continued. Depth in feet. Silurian, Niagaran —Concluded. Dolomitic limestone, moderately coarsely crystalline, quite porous ; bulk grayish white, some fragments faint purplish, others faint greenish.. 250 Dolomitic limestone, white and grayish white ; some compact and some porous . 350 Dolomitic limestone, grayish white, compact, with frequent fragments of white chert . 375 Dolomitic limestone, gray, compact. The gray aspect is due to the presence of microscopic grains of pyrite. 400 Dolomitic limestone, grayish white, fairly compact. 425 Dolomitic limestone, gray, coarsely crystalline. Bright yellow pyrite noted . 450 Ordovician , Cincinnatian. Shale, dark gray, darkening and emitting faint bituminous and then strong sulphrous odors on heating in open tube. It contains minute spherical grains of pyrite and black shreds of carbonaceous material. Effervesces with acid . 465 Shale, darkish gray, calcareous, with fragments of dark dolomitic lime¬ stone that turns black when heated; with many crystals of selenite from 1 to 5 mm. in length, and much pyrite in minute crystals. 475 Shale, dolomitic, darkish gray, with fragments of dark, dolomitic lime¬ stone turning black when heated, and with many grains of pyrite. The apical whorls of a small gasteropod were noted and also a cir¬ cular flat disc .2 mm. in diameter. 500 Shale, dark gray, dolomitic, laminated, with brown, stony material in thin laminae and considerable yellow pyrite. 545 Shale, gray, showing minute black specks on cleavage surface ; with some fragments of dark dolomitic limestone and some light yellow pyrite present . 570 Ordovocian. Galena-Trenton. Dolomitic limestone, of light gray color. 590 Dolomitic limestone, light gray. 595 Like the preceding . 630 Like the preceding, some fragments porous. 700 Dolomitic limestone, light gray. 750 Like the preceding . 780 Like the- preceding, with some dark thin fragments. 800 Dolomitic limestone with some dark fragments. 850 Like the preceding . 880 Ordovician, St. Peter. Quartz sand, of fairly coarse, rounded grains. A considerable part of the sample consists of such sand firmly cemented by a compact matrix of marcasite. Some fragments are dolomitic limestone showing some¬ what brisk effervescence with acid. Other fragments consist of rounded sand embedded in dolomitic limestone as matrix. Evidently all of these variations of rock are contact phenomena. 900 Quartz sand, clear, rounded, average diameter of grains about .25 mm. 910 Like the preceding . 970 Like the preceding . 1,050 Quartz sand, clear and rounded grains, with some white chert and some clay which is calcareous. 1,075 Ordovician, Oneota. Dolomitic limestone, compact, faintly straw-white and of characteristic luster ; with some pinkish dolomite, and some olive-colored and shaly dolomitic limestone. There are also some large fragments of green shale, some rounded clear sand, and some fragments of calcareous limestone . 1,085 Dolomitic limestone, white and grayish white, some fragments of dull olive color, and occasionally fragments of light green color. 1,105 Dolomitic limestone, white; “mortar rock,” consisting of fine sand embedded in a matrix of white dolomitic material; some white chert. Occasional grains of the embedded sand are green, and some pinkish red. Some dolomitic fragments are bright green. 1,155 Dolomitic limestone, white, with frequent fragments of a light, bright green material which does not effervesce in acid. Some of this is stony and dolomitic, some as soft as talc. A few fragments of grayish white chert were noted. 1,175 Dolomitic limestone of dull cream-color and coarse crystalline texture, crystals measuring one-eight mm. in diameter; occasional fragments of pink dolomite, and of green serpentine-like shale. 1,225 Dolomitic cream-colored limestone, with a few fragments of calcite. Some fragments of small clear quartz crystals .5 mm. to 1 mm. in diameter, some green shale fragments, measuring about .125 mm. in diameter . 1,300 Dolomitic, cream-colored limestone with much pyrite, mostly in cubic crystals .125 mm. in diameter, also occurring in small spherical clus¬ ters ; and with crystals of quartz, terminating in pyramids at both ends, and measuring about one-third mm. in length. 1,320 40 DEEP BORINGS IN ILLINOIS. Description of samples from icell No. 3 —Concluded. Depth in feet. Ordovician, Oneota —Concluded. Dolomitic limestone, cream-colored, constitutes about half the sample. The other half is fine quartz sar d. Less pyrite than in previous sample, crystals cubic, octahedral, and dodecahedral. The dolomite shows minute black specks, also some similar specks of dark green color. Pyrite in process of formation from glauconite (?). 1,330 Dolomitic limestone, cream-colored, and containing embedded quartz sand, small crystals of pyrite, and minute grains of a dark green mineral, glauconite (?), measuring about .125 mm. in diameter. 1,340 Like the preceding. 1,350 Fine quartz sand and dolomitic limestone. The latter contains small pyrite crystals of various forms, and grains of glauconite of the same size. Both appear together in the same fragments. 1,360 Sandstone, gray, grains averaging from .125 mm. to .25 mm. in diameter. These are embedded in a matrix of dolomitic material which also contains much glauconite and some pyrite in grains of equal sizes.... 1,400 Fine quartz sand in a matrix of dolomite. The two are of about equal quantities, some pyrite is in coarser crystals than in the preceding samples. The glauconite grains are larger, more abundant and darker than in the preceding sample. 1,410 Like the preceding sample, but the glauconite is darker, and the pyrite is less in quantity. 1,420 Most of the material like that in the preceding sample, but there are also fragments of a dark greenish gray dolomite, of a light colored dolomite, except for a few green specks, and some lumps of a dark gray fissile dolomitic shale. 1,430 Dolomitic, dark gray limestone, with fine quartz sand, containing small grains of glauconite, and considerable pyrite in larger crystals than in the preceding sample. A part of the sample consists of a compara¬ tively coarsely crystalline and porous dolomite, without glauconite, but with comparatively large crystals of pyrite. There were also spha¬ lerite, calcite, chert, and quartz. 1,440 Fine sandy and coarsely crystalline, porous dolomitic limestone, like the two types of rocks in the preceding sample. The porous dolomite is present in greatest quantity and occurs in large fragments with free crystalline surfaces. Evidently from cavernous places in the rock. In a single fragment of rock, midway between the two types in coarseness, two glauconite grains were noted. It may be inferred that the two types grade into one another. In some large lumps of the porous rock were noted a thin vein of dolomite, a change from medium to very coarse dolomitic crystals on a free surface, large crystals of pyrite, of sphalerite, calcite, quartz, and barite. There are also some lumps of cavern clay. The drill here evidently passed through a mineralized place in the formation . 1,450 Cambrian, Potsdam. Rounded quartz sand with some grains, rusty on the surface. Size of grains from .25 mm. to .5 mm. in diameter. 1,470 Rounded quartz sand, like the preceding, with a piece of gray shale probably from the cavernous place above. 1,480 Rounded quartz sand, like the preceding, with two fragments of pyrites probably from 1,450 feet... 1,490 Rounded quartz sand, as coarse as the preceding with most grains rusty on the surface and some coated black. 1,530 Rounded quartz sand, like the preceding. 1,550 Rounded quartz sand, slightly rusty on the surface of the grains. 1,570 Like the preceding ... 1,590 Like the preceding, but slightly more rusty. 1,620 Like the preceding . 1,630‘ Mostly sand, like the preceding, but also some dolomitic limestone. 1,640 Chiefly rounded rusty quartz sand, with some large and some small lumps of a fine-grained gray sandstone, and with a dolomitic matrix. . 1,650 3. CROWLEY AVENUE WELL, JOLIET, WILL COUNTY. Near the crossing of Crowley Avenue and Ottawa Street the city of Joliet has sunk a well 1621 feet deep, from the drillings of which some sub-samples were obtained in 1909. The original samples were pre¬ served in bottles kept in the office of the city engineer. Description of samples from well at Joliet, Illinois. Depth in feet. Cray fine-textured dolomitic limestone . 50 Gray, faintly yellowish dolomitic limestone . 375 Gray, dolomitic limestone . 630 WELL RECORDS. 41 Description of samples from well at Joliet —Concluded. Depth in feet. Gray, dolomitic limestone, crushed fine by the drill . 710 White sand, consisting of rounded coarse grains . 800 Like the preceding . 850 Sand, dull pinkish in color, of somewhat fine grains . 900 Like the preceding . 950 Yellowish sand . 1,000 Yellowish sand . 1,050 Dull pinkish sand . 1,100 Fine sand of vermilion color... 1,135 Red clay with small embedded lumps of soft white material. Neither the red nor the white effervesces with acid . 1,150 Clay, of vermilion color; contains lumps of more stony material; has brownish gray specks and streaks. The stony fragments exhibit irregular slickensided joints. No part of the sample effervesces with acid. 1,197 Mostly stony shale of vermilion red, brown, or almost black color, with some white or dull greenish shale. The sample also contained some white chert and some coarse, rounded grains of sand ... 1,218 A stony mixture of fine red clay and sand, with greenish streaks. A large unbroken fragment, five inches long, showed slickensides. The sandy streaks are greenish gray in color . 1,240 Clay and sand with a small mixture of dolomitic material. A part of the sample is rusty red and some is greenish gray. 1,310 Sand, rusty-orange-colored, more angular than typical St. Peter sand. 1,400 Dark gray dolomitic limestone, some white soft sandstone, and some frag¬ ments of green shale . 1,562 Like the preceding. The label has the note: “Water stands 143 feet below the surface” . 1,565 Gray sand of somewhat angular grains . 1,567 Olive green, grayish, clay with rusty brownish streaks. Label has the note : “Bottom of the well” . .. 1,621 4. WELL OF C. W. REED, IN SEC. 25, T. 14 N., R. 9 E., PUTNAM COUNTY. A record of the strata penetrated in this well was furnished the writer in 1893. Two flows at low pressure were obtained, one at between 1500 and 1600 feet below the surface, and another at about 1900 feet. The upper water is soft and fresh, the lower water is hard and a little salty. The lower water had a head of 10 feet in 1903 and was lifted by a ram. Its head had lowered somewhat in three years. The well had been cased to a depth below the 1,100-foot shale. The elevation of the well curb, as determined by the aneroid, is 730 feet above sea level. The record of the strata penetrated was as below: Record of well in Sec. 25, T. lit N., R. 9 E., Putnam County, Illinois. Thickness in feet. Clay . 16 Sand and gravel . 13 Blue and gray clay . 85 Sand and gravel . 118 “Soapstone” . 8 Shale . 20 “Slate” . 22 Black “slate” . 8 Shale . 34 “Soapstone” . 7 Shale . 12 Coal . 5 Fire clay . 5 Shale . 13 Sandy shale . 18 Shale . 24 Not reported .'. 48 Shelly rock . 48 White lime rock . 502 42 DEEP BORINGS IN ILLINOIS. Record of well in Sec. 25, T. 1^ N., R. 9 E— Concluded. Thickness in feet. Blue shale . Igy Gray lime rock . 239 Gray lime rock . 121 St. Peter sandstone .. 135 Blue shale .’ ] ‘ 10 Sand rock . * * * shale . 5 Rock and shale. 32 Sand rock and shale . 75 Lime rock ...* 60 Sand rock .'.. 70 Sandstone . 43 The writer’s interpretation of the above record is as follows: Interpretation of record of well in Putnam County, Illinois. Depth in feet. From. To. Drift . 0 226 Pennsylvanian . 226 375 Devonian . 375 460 Undetermined . 460 500 Niagaran . 500 1,010 Cincinnatian . 1,010 1,190 Galena-Trenton . 1,190 1,550 St. Peters sandstone . 1,550 1,685 Oneota . 1,685 1,990 5. CITY WELL, CHATSWORTH, LIVINGSTON COUNTY. In 1910 the writer received from Mr. G-. W. McCabe of Chatsworth 41 samples of drillings taken at intervals of from 5 to 170 feet from a churn-drill boring made in that city in 1907. The well is located on the SE. sec. 2 >, T. 26. N., R. 8 E v 50 feet northwest of the post office in Chatsworth. The samples were carefully taken and distinctly labeled. The diameter of the well at the top is 14 inches and at the bottom 6 inches. When highest the water from the St. Peter sandstone stands 40 feet below the surface. At an earlier date a record of the strata penetrated in the well was obtained by the Illinois State Geological Survey. This record is as follows: Record of city well at Chatsworth, Illinois. Thickness in feet. Soil and clay . 4 Yellow clay . 4 Blue clay . 44 Sand and gravel . 8 Blue clay . 10 Sand . 5 Hardpan . 53 Sand . 7 Hardpan and clay . 52 Soft clay and gravel . 13 Soapstone . 21 Limestone . 348 Black slate . 40 Gritstone . 80 Limestone . 135 Dark shale . 36 Limestone . 147 Flint . 109 WELL RECORDS. 43 Description of samples from the city well at Ghatsworth, Illinois. Depth in feet. Dark gray shale with streaks of flint. 84 Boulder clay (April 19, 1907) . 80 Boulder clay, silt, sand and gravel (April 23, 1907) . 118 Gravel and sand (April 26, 1907) . 138 Boulder clay, (May 1, 1907) 150 Boulder clay, (May 2, 1907) 165 Boulder clay, (May 4, 1907) 180 Boulder clay, (May 7, 1907) 200 Boulder clay, (May 8, 1907) 220 Silt containing drift pebbles. This silt resembles the deposit known in the northern part of the State as the Silveria formation, a preglacial or a glacial silt, (May 9, 1907) . 240 Chiefly boulder clay. Some sand and a coal-measure concretion also in the sample, (May 9, 1907) . 260 White dolomitic limestone, with crystals less than .125 mm. in diameter, and of compact texture. The rock is speckled with rounder grains of a dark green mineral, from .125 mm. to .06 mm. in diameter. These grains lie promiscuously through the rock and close enough for about one hundred to appear on a ground surface of one square inch. Some fragments of a dark gray chert were noted, (May 14, 1907) . 280 Dolomitic limestone, cream-white, with considerable white chert which shows traces of organic structure, (May 15, 1907) . 287 Dolomitic limestone of cream-white color, some fragments porous. A part of this sample is a large lump of grayish white cavern clay (?) of the finest texture. This gives no response to acid ; checks off into conchoidal fragments while producing a sizzling sound, when submerged in water, (May 16, 1907) ... 315 Dolomitic limestone of a cream-white color, with dark streak, and with occasional grains of a green mirieral, some of which are a millimeter in diameter. One piece of a crinoid stem was noted and some sand, (May 17, 1907) . 325 Dolomitic limestone, some yellowish gray, some dark gray, also some gray shale with grains of a green mineral disposed in layers, (May 21, 1907).. 400 Gray dolomitic limestone, (May 22, 1907) .. 420 Like the preceding, May 22, 1907) . 440 Gray dolomitic limestone, porous, (May 23, 1907) . 460 Dolomitic limestone, nearly white, (May 24, 1907) . 475 Dolomitic limestone, light gray, fine in texture, (May 24, 1907) . 490 White dolomitic limestone, fine grained, (May 24, 1907) . 505 Like the preceding, (May 25, 1907) .•. 510 White dolomitic limestone, (May 28, 1908) . 590 Bluish white compact dolomitic limestone, clearly crystalline under lens, largest crystals .25 mm. in diameter. More than half of the sample is pinkish yellow in color and fine in texture, (May 28, 1907) . 615 Dark gray shale and green shale, (May 30, 1907) . 638 Green clay shale, somewhat calcareous, (May 30, 1907) . 645 Green clay shale, somewhat calcareous, (June 1, 1907) . 665 Green clay shale, not calcareous, with marcasite in minute crystals, (June 3, 1907) . 690 Green clay shale, not calcareous, (June 4, 1907) . 710 Gray calcareous limestone, with some white dolomitic limestone, and some green shale. Much pyrite, ground to fragments, (June 5, 1907). 724 Dark greenish gray shale, calcareous, (June 7, 1907) . 765 Gray calcareous limestone with microscopic dark specks, in places seen to be pyrite. This rock splits into very thin fragments, most of which show fragmental texture, and which is incipiently silicified. With this is some almost black shale, which breaks into long flat splinters and effervesces with acid, (June 10, 1907) . 820 Gray calcareous limestone, fragmental, with embedded siliceous sand grains. Also considerable dolomitic limestone. Some fragments were examined under the microscope, were seen to have parallel filaments of a black mineral, (June 12, 1907) . 840 Gray calcareous limestone, showing many fragments from .25 mm. to .50 mm. in diameter; containing a few rounded quartz grains, and showing micro¬ scopic black particles of pyrite, (June 14, 1907) . 865 Gray calcareous limestone of fragmental structure, with only a few micro¬ scopic particles of pyrite, (June 27, 1907) ... 920 Gray calcareous limestone, fragmental, (June 2, 1907) . 1,000 Calcareous limestone, moderately dark gray, fragmental in texture, splitting into very thin chips, and containing some pyrite. The sample contained some material like that of the following sample—a black shale, (July 10, 1907) . 1,120 “Probably caved in from about 800 feet.” Two large unbroken pieces, about a pound in weight, of an almost black stony shale, or shady dolomitic limestone. When crushed and examined under the microscope, rock is seen to consist of some fragmental and some amorphous material, with broken pieces of dolomite crystals. In the amorphous translucent frag¬ ments are many black particles less than .02 mm. in diameter, probably pyrite. There were also noted some thin brown crustlike fragments of 44 DEEP BORINGS IN ILLINOIS. Description of samples from the city well at Chatsworth —Concluded. Depth in feet. probably bituminous material. The rock effervesces slowly with acid, and when heated in a closed tube it yields bituminous and then sulphurous fumes. After heating it contains a few magnetic grains . 1,120 Some gray calcareous limestone and some dolomitic limestone of similar appearance. Both contain embedded rounded grains of quartz sand, from .50 mm. to .125 mm. in diameter. Some pyrite noted, (July 19, 1907) . 1,210 Rounded quartz sand from .50 mm. to .125 mm. in diameter. Some grains are partly stained yellow, giving the sand a yellowish gray color, (July ■ 19, 1907) . 1,224 White quartz sand of about the same coarseness as the sand in the previous sample. Much of the sand has evidently been crushed by the drill as many of the grains are broken, (July 24, 1907) . 1,285 It will be seen that there are several discrepancies between the record first quoted and a section based on these samples. According to the record the drift is only 200 feet thick, but according to the labeled samples it is at least 260 feet and may be as much as 280 feet in depth. The record mentions soapstones penetrated from 200 to 221 feet below the surface, whereas the sample from this depth is boulder clay, and the only sample containing anything that may belong to the “Coal Meas¬ ures” is labeled 260 feet. Both the record and the samples show a lime¬ stone under the drift about 350 feet thick. This the writer believes is the Niagaran limestone. Below this limestone the samples show a shale formation the thick¬ ness of which is at least 127 feet and may be 205 feet. In this shale ther is some limestone about half way down. This tallies with known changes in the Cincinnatian strata. In the written record the Niagaran is followed by 40 feet of black shale overlying 80 feet of “gritstone,” a rather nondescript term. Below the Cincinnatian the samples are limestone from 820 to 1210 feet below the surface with a hiatus of 55 feet above, giving room for 445 feet of limestone. At the depth of 1120 two samples were taken, one consisting of limestone resembling the nearest samples above and below, and another consisting of a black, stony shale. This sample con¬ sists of one large lump unbroken by the drill; and the collector makes the note: “Probably caved in from about 800 feet,” i. e., from the lower, usually dark, horizon of the Cincinnatian. In the written record the “gritstone” is underlain by two limestones, one 135 feet the other 147 feet thick. These are separated by 36 feet of dark shale, and are underlain by 109 feet of “flint” and 84 feet of “dark-gray shale with streaks of flint.” The descriptive terms used suggest a lack of familiarity with the local rocks. It is believed that the lowest shale is limestone as shown by the sample, and that part of this limestone must have been cherty, though this is not shown in the samples. The 109 feet of flint is also thought to be cherty limestone. These 400 or 500 feet of limestone are believed to belong in the Galena- WELL RECORDS. 45 Trenton formation. The greater part of the samples show a rock more clearly like the Richmond division than the Galena. The rock is organic fragmental and it is only incipiently dolomitized, and some is also appar¬ ently incipiently silicified. On etching a polished surface of the frag¬ ments with acid, dolomite crystals are seen to stand out in relief, the surface showing a reticulate texture. Siliceous grains, apparently an original ingredient in the rock, were present in the lowest sample. The written record stops at 1200 feet, but three of the samples come from a greater depth, the two lowermost being sand believed to be of the St. Peter formation. The following table represents the author’s interpretation of all the data presented bearing on the formations penetrated in this well. Interpretation of record of city well at Chatsworth, Illinois. Drift, boulder, clay, etc. “Coal Measures,” shale . Niagaran, limestone . Cincinnatian, shale and limestone Galena-Trenton, limestone . St. Peter sandstone . Estimated thickness in feet. Minimum. Maximum. 200 270 0 21 348 378 127 205 390 500 61 ? Total depth of well 1,285 6 . WELL NEAR PLANO, KENDALL COUNTY. In March, 1909, Mr. C. A. Darnell of Plano submitted for exam¬ ination some drillings taken from a well on the Fox River bottoms, two- and-one-half miles south and a little east of Plano. These samples were taken at depths mostly 15 feet apart, excepting for that part of the section extending from 385 to 590 feet below the surface, from which no samples were furnished. The labels gave the depth at which they were taken. Description of samples from well near Plano, Illinois. (Note. —The writer’s interpretations are indicated in italics.) Depth in feet. Ordovician, Galena-Trenton, 550 feet. Drift sand and some yellow dolomitic limestone. 40 Like the preceding . 55 Straw-colored dolomitic limestone . 70 Straw-colored dolomitic limestone, with some chert. 85 Dolomitic limestone, straw-colored . 105 Dolomitic limestone, straw-colored, with some calcite. 115 Like the preceding .. 130 Dolomitic limestone, straw-colored . 145 Like the preceding . 160 Dolomitic limestone, straw-colored, coarse in texture and with some chert 175 Dolomitic limestone, straw-colored, coarse texture. 190 Dolomitic limestone, straw-colored . 205 Like the preceding, with some calcite. 220 Dolomitic limestone, mostly straw-colored, some white. 235 Dolomitic limestone, straw-colored, with few fragments of white chert. . 250 Dolomitic limestone, straw-colored, with some white chert and some spar . 265 Dolomitic limestone, relatively fine in texture, with some chert. 280 46 DEEP BORINGS IN ILLINOIS. Description of samples from well near Plano —Concluded. Depth in feet. Ordovician, Galena-Trenton, 550 feet —Concluded. Gray dolomitic limestone, relatively fine in texture, with dark streaks and stains . 295 Dolomitic limestone, straw-colored, fine grained, with occasional blotches 310 Dolomitic limestone, light gray, porous. 325 Dolomitic limestone and rounded white quartz sand. 385 Ordovician, St. Peter, 135+ feet. Quartz sand, somewhat fine grained, yellowish. 590 Yellow quartz sand . 605 White quartz sand . 620 White quartz sand . 635 Yellow quartz sand . 650 White quartz sand . 665 White quartz sand . 680 Shale, dull purple, brown and greenish, with a fragment of oolitic chert and some sand . 684 White quartz sand, with some pale green and soft grains. 690 White quartz sand, with some pale green grains and some pink quartz grains . 695 White quartz sand, with some green and some white grains and some limestone fragments . 710 Ordovician, Oneota, S85 feet. Yellowish light gray dolomitic limestone, with some white chert, that occasionally shows green stained streaks, and with some fragments of the main rock, pale green.... 725 Quartz sand, with some yellow, some green, and some oolitic chert, and with some green, some dark, some brownish and some black shaly material . 740 Gray dolomitic limestone with much oolitic chert and some other chert of chalcedonic luster, and with some green and soft material. 758 Dolomitic limestone of yellowish gray tinge, with much chert and some pale green fragments . 770 Quartz sand with some fragments of pale green material. 785 White sand with some opaque white grains. 800 Mostly white chert, some dolomitic limestone, and many pale green frag¬ ments . 815 Dolomitic limestone with chert and sand. 830 Dolomitic limestone, with chert and some sand, and with fragments of a green material like serpentine ... t . 845 White dolomitic limestone, with few fragments of serpentine-like material . 860 Like the preceding . 890 White dolomitic limestone . 905 Like the preceding . 920 Like the preceding . 935 Like the preceding . 965 Like the preceding . 985 Like the preceding . 990 Gray dolomitic limestone, with pyrite in small grains. 1,005 Dark gray dolomitic limestone, containing grains of pyrite and a light green material . 1,016 Fine quartz sand, with some dolomitic limestone. 1,021 Dolomitic limestone, dark gray, with many minute dark green grains, probably glauconite, and some pyrite in small grains. 1,030 Fine quartz sand and some dolomitic limestone with glauconite grains (?). Sample in water. (Supposed to be oily). 1,080 Dolomitic limestone, dark gray, fine-grained, with some pyrite. No green grains noted . 1,095 Gray dolomitic limestone and sand. 1,101 Gray dolomitic limestone with glauconite grains, and with pyrite grains. Some sand in the sample .'.. 1,103 Like the preceding . .. 1,105 Dolomitic limestone and coarse quartz sand, with grains of glauconite and pyrite . 1.110 7. WELL OF SAN BEDE COLLEGE, PERU, LASALLE COUNTY. In 1892 the San Bede College at Pern had a well drilled to the depth of 2,300 feet, by J. P. Miller & Co. of Chicago. The well is located on the uplands west of Peru, near the buildings of the institu¬ tion, and its curb has an elevation of about 609 feet above sea level, aneroid, checked to the Peru railroad station. When the well was nearly completed the writer obtained from the workmen a memory record of the strata penetrated. This record is given below. WELL RECORDS. 47 Record of well at Peru, LaSalle County , Illinois. Thickness in feet. (Estimated) Drift and “Coal-Measure” shales, sandstone, etc., with two seams of coal, one seams of coal, one at 450 and another at 500 feet below the surface. 500 “Niagara” limestone . 460 “Slate stone” . 240 “Trenton” limestone . 325 Sandstone (Saint Peter) . 125 Some shale . 3 Limestone . 232 Sandstone . 80 “Lime rock with quartz”. 215 Sand rock . 120 A few weeks later the writer called at the office of the drillers in Chicago and obtained the following additional notes, which were read by Mr. Miller from his note book. Record of ivell at Peru, LaSalle County, Illinois. Depth in feet. Drift . 73 Shale, caving bad . 190 Hard limestone . 275 Shale, with streaks of lime. 315 Fire clay . 340 Sticky shale . 355 Hard lime rock . 838 Sticky shale . 1,050 Hard lime, 990 to. 1,150 Very hard rock . 1,242 Hard lime . 1,308 Hard white lime . 1,343 Shale . 1,650 Vary hard rock . 1,750 Lime . 2,000 The two records do not agree and two items in the notes obtained from Mr. Miller are contradictory. It is nevertheless evident that the strata penetrated in this well are about as indicated below. Interpretation of record of ivell at Peru, Illinois. Thickness in feet. Drift . 73 Pennsylvanian . 427 Devonian (?) and Niagaran limestone, with some shale above. 460 Cincinnatian shale . 240 Galena-Trenton limestone . 325 Saint Peter sandstone . 125 Lower Magnesian limestone and sandstone. 650 No flowing water was obtained from this well. 8 . WELL NO. 2, MINERAL POINT ZINC COMPANY, DEPUE, BUREAU COUNTY. Drilling on this well was begun April 27, 1909, and completed to a measured depth of 1,278% feet on August 14, in the same year. Samples were taken at depths from 5 to 55 feet apart and submitted to the writer for examination. A very full account of the progress of the work and a description of the strata penetrated were made by Mr. O. E. Ruhoff, under whose supervision the drilling was done. His record of the strata penetrated is as below. 48 DEEP BORINGS IN ILLINOIS. Record of ivell No. 2, Mineral Point Zinc Company , DePue, Illinois. Clay, yellow, soft . Gravel, coarse . Gravel, coarser . Fine gravel and sand . Clear sand ... Gravel and sand . Shale, light, soft . Shale, dark, soft . Shale, light, medium hard . Shale, dark, medium hard . Coal, very lean . Shale, dark, medium hard . Shale, dark, harder . Shale, light, medium hard . Shale, dark, medium hard . Shale, dark, harder . Shale, light, medium hard . Shale, darker, medium hard . Shale, light, medium hard . Shale, dark, medium hard . Indications of coal . Cave-in, depth uncertain .. Shale, light . Lime rock, white, soft . Lime rock, white, soft . Lime rock, white, soft . Lime rock, brown, medium hard . Lime rock, white, medium hard, hard at 605 . Lime rock, darker and soft . Lime rock, white, medium hard, hard at 718, and from 738 to 850 Shale, light, hard . Shale and lime, light . Shale, light, hard . Lime rock, white, hard . Lime rock, white, medium hard . Mr. KuhofFs notes on the water in the several strata are as follows Depth in feet. From. To. 0 13 13 35 35 37 37 53 53 64 64 78 78 90 90 100 100 132 132 182 182 184y 2 184y 2 205 205 216 216 227 227 272 272 275 275 292 292 300 300 345 345 352 352 356 356 360 360 371 371 402 402 498 498 535 535 580 580 632 632 703 703 850 850 928 928 950 950 1,020 1,020 1,065 1,065 1,278 are as follows: Water from the depth of 395 feet rises to the surface part of the time. Salt water from the depth of 580 feet flowed out at top of pipes at the rate of 5 gallons per minute. Salt water from the depth of 680 feet flowed out at top of pipes at the rate of 20 to 25 gallons per minute. Salt water from the depth of 788 feet flowed out at the top of the pipe at the rate of 20 to 25 gallons per minute. Salt water flowed out at the top of the pipe at the rate of from 20 to 25 gallons per minute while drilling from 850 feet to 1,065 feet. After casing down to 842 feet, fresh water was reached between 1,126 and 1,131 feet below the surface, and water flowed out at the rate of 45 to 50 gallons per minute. Water from the depth of 1,175 feet flowed out at the top of the pipe at the rate of about 175 gallons per minute. The flow from the depth of 1,205 feet was 250 gallons per minute. The flow of water, by actual measurement, was 782 gallons per minute at the depth of 1,245 feet, and the current was strong enough to force lumps of lime rock to the surface. 4 A 15-inch casing was put down to the depth of 85 feet, a 10-inch casing to the depth of 392 feet, and an 8-inch casing to the depth of 842 feet. Description of samples of drillings from ivell No. Company , DePue , Illinois. 2, Mineral Point Zinc Depth in feet. Pleistocene, 73 feet. Sand and gravel . Sand and gravel, pebbles mostly of dolomitic limestone . .. Sand and gravel, gravel partly cemented, mostly dolomitic pebbles Sand and gravel, clean . Clean sand . 25 32 39 54 60 \ WELL RECORDS. 49 Description of samples of drillings from well No. 2 —Continued. Depth in feet. Pleistocene, 73 feet —Concluded. Yellow calcareous silt (glacial) .*•. A pebble of decayed limestone, fossiliferous . Clean sand . Pennsylvanian, 298 feet. Gray shale, with some pebbles, from drift . >> Gray shale, with some pebbles, from drift . Shale, gray . Shale, gray . Black coaly shale . Shale, light gray, slightly gritty. Gray shale, marly. Gray shale . Gray shale . Gray shale . Black shale and coal . Gray shale ... Gray shale . Gray shale, with small fragments of coal . Dark gray shale, with small white streaks, and slightly calcareous. Black shale, carbonaceous, and effervescing slightly with acid.. Gray and dark gray fire clay in fragments showing many slickensides. . Pennsylvanian-pre-Pennsylvanian contact. Gray shale with pyrite and coal, and white dolomitic limestone. Niagaran, 231 feet. White dolomitic limestone, granular under a lens. Much pyrite in minute spherules, probably from above ... Dolomitic limestone, somewhat compact, of uniform texture and light- gray color . White dolomitic limestone with small grains of pyrite . Grayish white, dolomitic limestone, with a little white chert.. White dolomite, porous, friable and having occasional small crevices lined with drusy, and chalcedonic quartz. Some white chert. Some rounded and finely polished grains of opalescent quartz occur in the sample and may or may not belong to the rock. Like the preceding, but with more chert. Some minute amber-colored spherules were noted in one fragment. White dolomite, soft and fine grained, with some fragments of quite clear quartz, opalescent. One fragment of white chert showed the structure of a minute favoritid coral or a bryozoan . Rock like the preceding . Porous dolomitic, soft and friable. Some fragments with a tinge of green. Some cavern clay and sand . Rock like that at 480 feet .. Cream-white dolomitic limestone, soft and friable, with a little more chert than that at 480 feet . Limestone, like the preceding . Limestone, like the preceding .. Niagaran, 21/8 feet. Porous, coarsely granular, straw-colored dolomitic limestone. Dolomitic limestone, straw-colored, of coarse granular texture, with occasional blotched dark fragments containing pyrite . Straw-colored, dolomitic limestone, compact with occasionally embedded white rock, and exhibiting traces of fossil forms . Dolomitic limestone, light gray, porous and coarse in texture. White dolomitic limestone of fine texture . Dolomitic limestone of light straw-color, and with stylolitic joints, stained dark . White dolomitic limestone of compact texture, effervescing with acid somewhat briskly for a-dolomite . Dull, straw-gray, dolomitic limestone, porous and coarse . Dolomitic limestone with some green and some gray shale . Gray dolomitic limestone . White, compact, dolomitic limestone . White, compact, dolomitic limestone, with a little chert . White dolomitic limestone ... White dolomitic limestone, with some white chert . Gray dolomitic limestone. The dark shade is due to exceedingly minute particles of pyrite . Cincinnatian, 170 feet. Clayey shale, greenish gray, effervescing slightly with acid . Like the preceding . Marly, gray shale . Marly, gray shale with much gray limestone in which bryozoa and joints of crinoid stems were noted . Marly, greenish gray shale . Like the preceding . Like the preceding . Like the preceding . 68 69 75 132 145 172 182 182 210 225 250 270 282 292 300 312 325 345 350 370 388 398 415 422 435 450 470 480 520 540 555 571 578 602 608 615 632 650 673 700 720 737 765 787 800 815 820 842 850 870 905 925 940 957 970 1,000 1,020 —4 G 50 DEEP BORINGS IN ILLINOIS. Description of samples of drillings from well No. 2 —Concluded. Depth in feet. Galena-Trenton, 258 feet. Dirty, yellowish gray, dolomitic limestone . 1,041) Dirty, yellowish gray, dolomitic limestone of coarse texture . 1,055 Dirty, yellowish gray, dolomitic limestone of coarse texture, with some large and thin fragments of a greenish stony shale . 1,080 Dolomitic limestone with shale, as above. 1,100 Yellowish gray limestone and greenish stony shale as above, with an increased amount of the shale. 1,120 Dolomitic limestone, straw-colored . 1,175 Dolomitic limestone, straw-colored, very coarse in texture and in part very porous . 1,245 Note.— The limestone extending for some 200 feet below the Pennsylvania series cannot be said to resemble very closely the Niagaran limestone as known from other borings in the northern part of the State. It has a more uniform texture than is usual and contains some quartz which is not all like the Niagarian chert, being clearer and more like some chalcedonic quartz common in the lower part of the Devonian on the Mississippi. On the basis of its dolomitic condition it should be referred to the Silurian, in the absence of any decisive evidence to the contrary. In texture the rock resembles the Devonian limestone lying under the Davenport quarry lime¬ stone on the Mississippi River. 9. WELL OF THE STATE ASYLUM FOR THE INSANE AT KANKAKEE, KANKAKEE COUNTY, ILLINOIS. At the time this well was bored in 1908, Dr. H. F. Bain, then Director of The Illinois Geological Survey, made arrangements to obtain samples of the cuttings for the entire depth of the well. These were submitted in two lots: those from the upper 500 feet in 1908, and those from below this a year later. From the depth of 300 feet to 380 feet below the surface there were no samples. The rock in this interval was probably mostly shale. In taking samples, drillers frequently neglect soft shales, through which the work must proceed rapidly to prevent caving. Description of samples from well at Kankakee, Illinois. Depth in feet. Limestone, yellow, dolomitic, disintegrated. 25 Limestone, soft, yellow . 30 Limestone, dolomitic, disintegrated .. • •. 40 Limestone, soft, yellow, disintegrated . 45 Like the preceding .:. 50 Limestone, dolomitic, grayish yellow . 65 Limestone, dolomitic, gray, fine grained. 70 Limestone, dolomitic, compact, gray, crystalline structure comparatively coarse . 75 Limestone, dolomitic, gray, comparatively fine grained. 85 Like the preceding . 95 Like the preceding . 100 Limestone, dolomitic, bluish white and fine in texture. 105 Limestone, dolomitic, fine in texture, soft, gray. 110 Limestone, dolomitic, gray ..... 115 Limestone, dolomitic, gray, of fine texture. 120 Like the preceding . 125 Limestone, dolomitic, bluish gray, fine in texture. 130 Limestone, dolomitic, white, soft. 135 Limestone, dolomitic, white, soft, porous, fine grained. 140 Limestone, dolomitic, light gray ..*. 145 Limestone, dolomitic, light gray . 145 Limestone, dolomitic, white, fine grained. 150 Limestone, dolomitic, white, fine grained. 160 Limestone, dolomitic, gray . 165 Limestone, dolomitic, light gray, fine grained. 170 WELL RECORDS. 51 Descriptions of samples from well at Kankakee —Continued. Depth in feet. Limestone, dolomitic, white . Limestone, dolomitic, white, porous... Limestone, dolomitic, almost white, of fine texture. Limestone, dolomitic, white, porous. Limestone, dolomitic, porous, of coarse texture. Limestone, dolomitic, white, porous, soft, fine in texture. Limestone, dolomitic, fine grained. Limestone, dolomitic, white, porous, coarse in texture. Limestone, dolomitic, white, porous, coarse in texture. Like the preceding ... Limestone, dolomitic, white, soft, fine grained. Like the preceding . . ... Like the preceding . .. ... Limestone, dolomitic, white, porous, fine grained. Shale, marly, gray .. Shale, bluish gray. Shale, light gray, marly . Limestone, dolomitic, bluish white. Limestone, dolomitic, coarsely crystalline, grayish white, porous. Limestone, dolomitic, coarsely crystalline, straw-color, porous. Limestone, dolomitic, of dull straw-color, coarse in texture, porous. Limestone, dolomitic, of dull straw-color . Limestone, dolomitic, gray, coarsely crystalline. Limestone, dolomitic, of dull straw-color, and coarsely crystalline in texture Limestone, dolomitic, of dull straw-color. Like the preceding . Limestone, dolomitic, of straw-color, porous, and coarsely crystalline. Limestone, dolomitic, gray, coarse texture. Finely ground dolomitic limestone. Gray, dolomitic limestone. White, dolomitic limestone of coarse texture. A small fragment of a shell was noted in one chip of the rock. Gray, dolomitic limestone . Gray, dolomitic limestone, porous and coarse in texture. Light gray, dolomitic limestone of coarse texture. Occasionally dark streaks were noted in some fragments. Light yellow gray, dolomitic limestone, coarse in texture. Gray, dolomitic limestone, of coarse texture. Dolomitic, gray limestone, with somewhat brisk effervescence for dolomite. A few black (bituminous) fragments were noted. Gray dolomitic limestone . Porous, rather light gray, dolomitic limestone of coarse texture. Gray, dolomitic limestone. A few green chips were noted. Gray, dolomitic limestone of coarse texture. Gray, dolomitic limestone with some dark blotches on the largest fragments Light gray, dolomitic limestone of coarse texture. Some dark streaks were noted following the bedding planes. Light gray, dolomitic limestone. Some fragments were noted with faint dark streaks following the bedding planes. Gray, dolomitic limestone. Some coarsely crystalline fragments from cavernous openings showed free surfaces of black dolomitic crystals. Light gray, dolomitic limestone. A few dark 'fragments were noted. Gray, dolomitic limestone of coarse texture, with occasional dark blotches. . Coarse grained, light gray, dolomitic limestone. Light gray, dolomitic limestone . Light gray, dolomitic limestone . Light gray, dolomitic limestone of moderately coarse texture, and with dark streaky blotches. Light gray, dolomitic limestone of somewhat fine texture. One fragment with a dark thin seam following the bedding plane. Light, dolomitic limestone. Some large chips of a dark straight-splitting shale, which did not effervesce with acid, were noted. Uniformly gray, fine grained, dolomitic limestone. Fine grained, gray, dolomitic limestone with two large lumps of a yellow crinoidal calcareous rock. Several crinoid fragments were noted, such as joints of stems, basals of a small calyx, etc. These were of a yellow color. They had evidently dropped down from the Niagara rock above. Light gray, coarse, dolomitic limestone. Some of the largest fragments were of a cream-color, and consisted of crinoid stem joints, arm pieces and one small base of a calyx. A few green, and one dark shaly pebble were noted . Gray, dolomitic limestone. One joint of a crinoid stem was noted and one large piece of rock showed a fossil like a Polypora . Gray, dolomitic limestone of fine texture. Gray, porous, dolomitic limestone... Yellowish gray, dolomitic limestone of somewhat coarse texture.. Gray, dolomitic limestone . Gray, dolomitic limestone . Light gray, dolomitic limestone of coarse texture.. Gray, dolomitic limestone. A few fragments were of a straw-color and of coarse texture ... 175 180 185 190 195 235 240 245 255 260 265 270 290 300 380 390 400 405 415 425 440 445 455 460 465 480 500 495 505 510 515 520 525 530 535 540 545 550 555 560 565 570 575 580 585 590 595 600 605 610 615 620 625 630 635 640 645 650 655 660 665 670 675 680 52 DEEP BOEINGS IN ILLINOIS. Descriptions of samples from well at Kankakee —Continued. Depth in feet. Gray, dolomitic limestone. Some few fragments were white in color and calcareous, effervescing briskly. This sample also contained one drift pebble of diabase and one drift pebble of dolomitic limestone. There were also one joint of a crinoid stem, one fragment of gray chert and several lumps of a bluff, dolomitic, porous, limestone, resembling Le Claire rock, evidently from the Niagara . 685 Dolomitic, gray limestone, with embedded dark grains. Several fragments of yellowish white porous crinoidal limestone effervescing briskly. 690 Gray, dolomitic limestone . 695 Darkish gray, dolomitic limestone . 700 Some dark, some almost white, dolomitic limestone. The darker fragments shower black streaks following the bedding planes.... 705 Some dark, some light gray, dolomitic limestone. Some fragments with thin dark seams following the bedding planes. 710 Gray, dolomitic limestone. One large broken and etched (?) fragment showed septae of a silicified cyathopyllid coral. This sample also con¬ tained one rounded pebble of hard yellow quartzite, no doubt a drift pebble . 715 Gray, dolomitic limestone of fine texture. 720 Fine grained, gray, dolomitic limestone of fine texture. 725 Gray, dolomitic limestone of fine texture. Some light and yellowish frag¬ ments were present. 735 Gray, dolomitic limestone of fine texture . 740 Gray, dolomitic limestone of fine texture. Several yellow and . porous frag¬ ments were noted. Some had drusy surfaces and these effervesced some¬ what briskly. Two chert fragments and one of a brown dolomitic rock were noted . 745 Gray, dolomitic limestone splitting in flakes. Some fragments were of a white, obscurely coarse granular and more calcareous rock. 750 Gray, dolomitic limestone with some straw-colored fragments splitting in flakes . 755 Darkish gray, dolomitic limestone. Many fragments with black material which appeared to follow joints in rock. 760 Gray, dolomitic limestone. This sample contains, besides, one worn pebble of greenstone and one drift pebble of dolomite, and also a large fragment of a white, calcareous rock. 765 Dark, dolomitic limestone splitting into thin flakes. In this sample was also some porous, brown, dolomitic rock, and one fragment of dark, dolomitic, limestone with embedded quartz grains. 770 Gray, dolomitic limestone splitting into thin flakes. A few chips were some¬ what shaly and greenish in color. 775 Bluish gray, dolomitic limestone of fine texture. 780 Dark, fine grained, dolomitic limestone. 785 Fine grained, dark gray, dolomitic limestone. 790 Mostly finely ground, yellow, and rusty flour of uniformly sized dolomitic crystals. It contained one large fragment of sandy dolomitic shale. There were also some chips of gray dolomitic limestone. (Sample small) Mostly a yellow, rusty flour of dolomitic limestone. In this there was also one piece of flint, several fragments of gabbro from the drift, one pebble of quartzite, and several pieces of a yellow porous dolomitic rock of the Niagara. Some pieces of dolomitic limestone were lines with drusy quartz . 800 Sample small, and consisting of a mixture of ground rock, drift clay, drift pebbles of diabase, and chert and rounded dolomite pebbles. There were also pulp and larger fragments of wood worn from the drill poles. 805 Gray, dolomitic limestone. One fragment with an incrustation of pyrite. One fragment of yellow ocher. 810 Gray, dolomitic limestone of fine texture. 830 Gray, dolomitic limestone, somewhat porous. 840 Gray, dolomitic limestone of fine texture, splitting into thin flakes. One small pebble of quartz and a large fragment of indurated and lami¬ nated shaly sandstone were noted. 845 Gray, dolomitic limestone of fine texture. Some yellow white, porous, frag¬ ments were present, effervescing briskly, and some lumps of a greenish shale . 850 Somewhat dark gray, dolomitic limestone of fine texture. 855 Dark, dolomitic limestone of very fine texture, with small black blotches. There were also a few green flakes of shale. 860 Dark gray, dolomitic limestone. 865 Gray, dolomitic limestone. One large fragment was dark and impregnated with pyrite . 870 Dark gray, dolomitic limestone of fine texture with darker blotches. 875 Gray, dolomitic limestone with small dark blotches. 880 Dark gray, dolomitic limestone of fine texture with dark blqtchy streaks.... 885 Dark gray, dolomitic limestone, with embedded rounded coarse grains of quartz. Some few fragments of dark and dolomitic shale. Some dolo¬ mitic limestone without sand. One large fragment of white and porous dolomitic rock . 890 Sandstone with a dolomitic intersticial matrix. Pyrite present, of a bright yellow color. Bulk of sand consists of grains measuring from .25 mm. to 1 mm. in diameter . 895 WELL RECORDS. 53 Description of samples from well at Kankakee —Concluded. Depth in feet. One-fourth of the sample consists of gray, dolomitic limestone. With this there were some pyrite, some crystals of calcite, and one joint of a crinoid stem, and some pieces of a pyritiferous green shale. Three-fourths of the sample consisted of quartz sand, showing many secondary crystal faces, the grains mostly from .25 mm. to 1 mm. in diameter . 900 Sand of rounded quartz grains, showing secondary crystal faces, and the bulk measuring from .125 mm. to .5 mm. in diameter . 925 Rounded quartz sand, most grains measuring from .125 mm. to .5 mm. in diameter. Some greenish pyrites were noted, and also some grains of chert and some fragments of a dark green shale . 930 Rounded quartz sand, mostly measuring from .125 mm. to .5 mm. in diameter. There were also some fragments of concretions of pyrite with embedded grains of sand .. 935 Well rounded, white sand grains measuring mostly from .125 mm. to .75 mm. in diameter . 940 Quartz sand with grains measuring mostly from .125 mm. to .5 m. in diameter, and showing some secondary costal faces. There were several pieces of concretionary pyrite filling the interstices between the sand grains, and a few fragments of dolomitic limestone . 945 Quartz sand of rounded grains varying in sizes from .125 mm. to .5 mm. in diameter . 960 Quartz sand, bulk of grain measuring from .125 mm. to .5 mm. in diameter.. 975 White quartz sand consisting of well rounded grains measuring mostly from .125 mm. to .5 mm. in diameter. One fragment of fine sandstone was slightly micaceous. There were some fragments of shale, and some of sandstone with a pyritic cement between the grains . 990 Quartz sand, bulk of grains measuring from .125 mm. to .25 mm. in diameter. Some pyrite noted . 1,005 Rounded quartz sand, with some secondary crystalline faces. Some pyrite noted ....'.. 1,010 Rounded quartz sand, bulk of grains measuring from .125 mm. to .5 mm. in diameter. Most of the grains have secondary crystalline faces. One piece of dark shale was noted and there was one joint of a crinoid stem. . 1,025 Quartz sand ranging in size mostly from .125 mm. to .25 mm. in diameter. . . 1,030 Rounded quartz sand with the bulk of the grains measuring from .125 mm. to .5 mm. in diameter . 1,045 Rounded quartz sand with the bulk of the grains measuring from .125 mm. to .25 mm. in diameter . 1,060 Quartz sand with many grains showing secondary crystal faces, and bulk of grains varying from .125 mm. to .5 mm. in diameter. Some pieces of concretions were noted, consisting of sand with intersticial pyrite . 1,090 Summary interpretation of the above section. Thickness in feet. (Niagara limestone). Dolomitic limestone, yellow, white, and gray. 300 Cincinnatian shale .1. 105 Galena-Trenton (upper part). Dolomitic limestone of mostly coarse texture and light color . * 355 Galena-Trenton (lower part). Dolomitic limestone of prevailing darker shale and finer texture . 120 Dolomitic limestone, partly pure and partly containing embedded sand, with some green shale probably in separate seams. Beds of transition. 15 (St. Peter sandstone). White, well worn quartz sand . 190 The descriptions of the samples show some varying features, which may prove of value in correlating other records. Of these the following are of the most important. The color of the limestone varies from almost white through light gray, yellowish gray, medium gray (designated as “gray”) and dark gray to almost black. In the upper 250 feet of the Trenton-Galena series the prevailing shades are light gray and gray, whereas in the lower 120 feet of this formation, rock of a dark gray color is most common. The crystalline grains in the dolomites vary considerably in size. In the coarse-grained samples the largest grains can readily be made out through a hand lens, since they average from two-tenths to three- tenths of a millimeter in diameter. For the samples in which the in¬ dividual grains are barely visible under a hand lens no description has 54 DEEP BORINGS IN ILLINOIS. been given, and for samples the texture of which is still more compact it is described as “fine” or “very fine.” The examination of the samples shows that the upper two-thirds of the Galena-Trenton formation, which has a light color ,is coarser in texture than the lower and darker part. Eocks of fine texture are represented in the samples taken at the depths of 630 to 635, 650 to 655, 720 to 745, 770 to 805, 845 to 865, 875 to 885 feet. Some of the dolomitic limestone shows small dark blotches. These are limited chiefly to two horizons: from 570 to 615 and from 860 to 885 feet below the surface. Blotched limestone was also noted in the samples from depths of 515, 545, and 690 feet. These are probably due to some slight impregnation of iron sulphide. As a rule the limestones are not porous, excepting certain light cal¬ careous fragments directly to be mentioned. The only samples of the main rock showing distinct minute porosites were from the depths of 525, 585, 655, and 840 feet. The sample from 840 feet was highly porous. In the samples coming from depths greater than 500 feet were noted lumps of a white or light yellow rock with a subcrystalline structure which usually effervesces briskly with acid. The lumps were mingled with smaller fragments which represent the bulk of the Trenton rock. They are somewhat porous and in places exhibit drusy, free surfaces. Occasionally they contain crinoid fragments. It is well known that in¬ crustations of calcite are common on the walls of cavities in dolomitic rock and evidently some of the lumps represent such incrustations in the Niagara rock which have fallen down from the upper part of the well. Some have the characteristic appearance of the Le Claire limestone and are dolomitic. This identification is corroborated by Dr. Stuart Weller, who has identified two of the crinoid fragments as Pisocrinus, which is characteristic of the Niagaran. Some black thin incrustations, composed of manganese oxide, fol¬ lowing joints in the rock were noted in the samples taken from depths of 530, 575, 620, 705, 710, and 760 feet. Pyrite was noted in the limestone from the depth of 879 feet and in the St. Peter sandstone in the samples taken from depths of 935, 945, 990, 1005, 1010, 1045, and 1090 feet. The pyrite occurring in the samples from 895 feet is yellow, almost like copper pyrite. The iron sulphide from the lower part of the St. Peter sandstone is marcasite and exists partly as minute crystalline spherules and partly as a cement between grains of sand. Pebbles of gabbro, diabase, quartzite, chert, and dolomite were noted in several samples from 685 to 845 feet below the surface. These have, of course, fallen down from above. WELL EECOEDS. 55 The samples from the St. Peter sandstone were submitted to a rough mechanical analysis for the purpose of securing a permanent record of the size of the grains for this locality. It was found that the coarsest sand is in the upper part of the formation where the maximum ingredient is from one-fourth millimeter to one millimeter in diameter, whereas in the samples from a depth of 990 feet and more, the bulk of the sand grains measure from one-eighth to one-fourth of a millimeter. Approximate mechanical analyses of the samples of St. Peter sandstone from Kankakee well. (In percentages by weight.) Diameters of Depth of samples, in feet. gra-ius hi millimeters. 895. 900. 925. 930. 935. 940. 945. 960. 975. 990. 1,005. 1,025. 1,030. 1,045. 1,060. 1,090. 2-1 . tr. 1 -i. 10 70 1 3 5 10 tr. tr. tr. tr. tr. 2 3 tr. 1 w . 80 15 35 62 60 40 40 40 32 26 10 30 15 20 30 36 1 1 4 8. 8 10 45 34 30 40 50 57 48 60 70 50 65 75 60 50 g and less. 2 5 19 1 5 10 10 3 20 14 20 18 17 5 9 14 The sizes of the sand grains in some of these samples must be some¬ what in excess of the sizes represented in the original sediments. Orig¬ inally the St. Peter sandstone consisted of thoroughly worn and rounded grains, but in five of the samples, those from the depths of 900, 925, 945, and 1,090 feet below the curb, a varying proportion of the grains show crystal faces, which are due to secondary growth. It appears that this growth has taken place in certain parts of the formation and not in other parts, owing probably to differences in the positions of the strata rela¬ tive to the mineralizing solutions. 10. CITY WELL, HENEY, MAESHALL COUNTY. The Henry city well was finished in September, 1886. A set of samples kept in the office of E. T. Disosway, at Henry, were examined by the writer in 1893, and another set kept by Joseph H. Krenz was examined in 1910. The two sets were practically identical. Mr. Krenz also furnished some data, which he extracted from the minutes of the work, made in 1886. These notes are as follows: “First 105 feet of hole has 8-inch pipe; next 150 feet has 6-inch pipe. Below 402 feet a 3.5-inch pipe was used. From 135 to 402 feet the well was in shale. The contract for the making of the well was given by the city to Wm. H. Gray, of Chicago. The first flow of water, 15 gallons per minute, was obtained at a depth of 548 feet. At 675 feet there was a flow of 60 gallons per minute; at 800 feet, a flow of 66 gal¬ lons; at 1,118 feet, a flow of unknown amount; at 1,200 feet a flow of 56 DEEP BORIXGS IX ILLIXOIS. 113 gallons; at 1/250 feet, one of 115 gallons, and at 1,355 feet, an addi¬ tional flow of 325 gallons.” The water still flows. It is now used for public fountains, for baths, and for sprinkling. Description of samples from Henry city well, Illinois. Depth in feet. From. To. Sand and gravelly soil. .. 4 Gravel, 1 to 10 mm. in diameter. 4 13 Gravel, 2 to 5 mm. in diameter. 13 28 Clean sand ..*. 28 31 Gravel and sand . 31 53 Gravel, with calcareous silt. 53 56 Gravel, sand and calcareous silt. 56 70 Gravel, 3 to 8 mm. in diameter. 70 75 Clean sand . 75 82 Gravel and sand .. 82 85 Clean coarse sand . 85 102 Blue clayey silt, as coarse as loess, not calcareous. 102 135 Dark shale, partly black, with some calcareous material. 135 150 Fire clay, bluish gray. 150 180 Gray shale, with some calcareous material, and some pyrite. 180 220 Somewhat dark gray, clayey shale, with calcareous concretionary material that contains zinc blende, with some pyrite. 220 245 Mottled dark gray shale of fine texture, not calcareous. 245 325 A sample consisting of three kinds of material: 1. A green unctuous clay, shale or fire clay. 2. A black shale, almost coaly. 3. A faintly brownish gray shale, indistinctly micaceous, and containing Spor- angites huronense in abundance. The sample contains more shale of the last kind, than of either of the other two. The last men¬ tioned shale is Devonian, the other two Pennsylvanian. 325 402 Mostly white, finely granular limestone, effervescing somewhat slowly for a calcareous rock, also black calcareous limestone, some black shale, some green shale, some crystalline calcite, and much pyrite. One fragment noted consisted of brown colitic spherules 1 mm. in diameter. Sporangites huronense noted, also a fragment of a fossil resembling the attenuated apex of a pteropod shell. This sample is believed to be Devonian limestone and shale. 402 426 One large fragment of mottled green gray, calcareous and soft lime¬ stone, studded profusely with small grains of pyrite. Most of sample consists of white calcareous limestone of fine texture, evidently Devonian, and gray dolomitic limestone, no doubt Niagara. 426 485 Dolomitic limestone of fine texture and light cream-color. 485 490 Dolomitic limestone of light cream-color and fine texture. 490 500 Dolomitic limestone of light dirty yellowish color, with white chert and green cavern clay. Also some dark gray dolomite. 500 535 Dolomitic limestone, cream-colored, with some greenish fragments.... 535 540 Dolomitic limestone, yellowish gray and finely porous. 540 550 Dolomitic, cream-colored limestone, with some shale having alternate thin layers of green and dark, purplish material. This shale does not effervesce with acid. 550 630 Dolomitic limestone, yellowish white, of compact even texture. 630 750 Like the preceding. 750 800 Dolomitic limestone, slightly yellowish white, of fine texture, with a few fragments of slightly porous texture. 800 850 Dolomitic limestone of fine texture, in part pure white. 850 880 Light gray dolomitic limestone of moderately fine but porous texture 880 890 White and gray dolomitic limestone of slightly open texture. 890 905 Gray dolomitic limestone . 905 935 Mostly a very fiine-grained, bluish gray, siliceous sandstone with a dolomitic matrix, sand grains measuring about .04 mm. in diameter. The rock is studded with black specks or grains of pyrite, apparently slightly smaller than the quartz grains. 935 965 Bluish light gray calcareous shale, with fragments of rock like that in the preceding sample. Also some fossil-bearing shaly limestone. . 965 1,0-40 Dolomitic gray limestone and dark gray shale. 1,040 1,100 Dark gray shale and cream gray dolomitic limestone. 1,100 1,200 Cream-colored, dolomitic limestone, with some green shale in large fragments . 1,200 1,345 Some dark gray and some brownish black and shaly dolomitic lime¬ stone . 1,345 1,355 From the surface to 135 feet is drift. From 135 feet below the surface to some point between 325 and 402 feet is Pennsylvanian. From some point above 402 to or a little below this figure is Sweetland Creek shale of the Devonian. Below the Sweetland Creek shale there is some WELL RECORDS. 57 Devonian limestone, probably some 50 feet. The top of the Niagara limestone lies higher than 485 feet below the surface, and extends down to 935 feet. From 935 to 1,100 feet is mostly and probably all, Cin¬ cinnatian. The remainder is probably all Galena. 11 AND 12. PRINCETON CITY WELLS, PRINCETON, BUREAU COUNTY. In 1889 the city of Princeton completed a deep well for the purpose of securing a supply of water, and in the summer of 1892 the writer made a visit to the city to obtain data upon it. The well is located southwest of the intersection of North and Main streets. The engineer at the city water works states that the well was cased to a depth of 400 feet, and that the water at first rose to within 50 feet of the curb of the well, but that it was pumped from a depth of 130 feet in 1892. By aneroid measurement, checked to the level of the Chicago, Burlington and Quincy Railroad depot, the elevation of the curb was made out to be 700 feet above sea level. A hasty examination was made of some samples of the drillings, in the possession of Mr. Jacob Miller, President of the Princeton Academy of Science, who furnished a record of. the strata penetrated in the well. The driller’s record was as below: Record of the city well drilled at Princeton, Illinois. Clay . Quicksand .. Clay . Quicksand .'. .. Shale . Limestone . Shale . Limestone mixed with shale Limestone . Shale . Limestone . Limestone mixed with shale Limestone . Limestone mixed with sand. Quicksand . “Limestone, Trenton” . “St. Peter sandstone” . “Calciferous” . Thickness in feet. 182 8 30 320 190 385 15 20 15 25 120 20 70 60 20 220 160 785 A few years later a second well was drilled a short distance east of the first well. The driller’s record of this well is as below: Record of second city well drilled at Princeton, Illinois. Depth in feet. From. To. Clay . 0 47 Sand and gravel . 47 57 Hardpan . 57 145 Sand and gravel . 145 150 Hardpan . 150 175 Sand and gravel with hard streaks. 175 372 Slate . 372 447 Limestone . 447 655 Slate . 655 660 Limestone . 660 1,037 58 DEEP BOEINGS IN ILLINOIS. Record of second city well drilled at Princeton —Concluded. Depth in feet. From. To. Slate . 1,037 1,050 Limestone mixed with slate. 1,050 1,095 Limestone . 1,095 1,105 Limestone mixed with slate. 1,105 1,180 Limestone . 1,180 1,295 Slate . 1,295 1,305 Limestone . 1,305 1,521 St. Peter . 1,521 1,670 Slate . 1,670 1,680 Limestone and sand . If680 1,850 St. Peter sand rock . 1,850 1,975 Limestone .. . . . . 1,975 2,095 Some samples of the cuttings from this well had been preserved for several years in a glass tube. These were kindly submitted for exam¬ ination. The cuttings were in quantities proportionate to the thickness of the strata intended to be represented, and may be described as fol¬ lows : Description of samples of drillings from second city ivell, Princeton, Illinois. Depth in feet. From. To. Boulder clay . Gravel .. Boulder clay . Gravel . Boulder clay . Sand and gravel with hard streaks. Light gray shale with some fragments. Grayish white dolomitic limestone, some fragments being porous, others compact . Light gray cavern clay . Light grayish white dolomitic limestone of coarse and porous structure Greenish, light-gray shale . Dolomitic limestone, coarsely crystalline and in some places highly porous, with some green shale. Calcite and zinc blende were noted. Calcite was seen lining a free cavernous surface on one fragment. . Cream-colored, unctuous (cavern?) clay, a fragment of which was dotted with exceedingly minute black specks. Cream-colored dolomitic limestone of somewhat coarse texture. Clear sand consisting of grains averaging .125 mm. in diameter. The larger grains were rounded the smaller ones mostly angular. Dark olive-colored, almost greenish-black shale, stony, with some sand having crystalline faces due to secondary growth. These sand grains were seen to have been embedded in a white dolomitic matrix. The shale has a translucent lustre and a serpentine-like appearance. It softens on the application of acid. Several materials are mixed in this sample. Most of it is rounded quartz sand. Many of the larger fragments are shale, like that in layer above. There is some straw-colored dolomitic limestone and some white chert. Some fragments not effervescing on the applica¬ tion of acid are brick-red and have a hackly fracture and a hardness of about 5 or 6. Dolomitic limestone, cream-colored, with some sand. 0 47 47 57 57 145 145 150 150 175 175 372 372 447 447 655 655 660 660 1,037 1,037 1,050 1,050 1,295 1,295 1,305 1,305 1,521 1,521 1,670 1,670 1,680 1,680 1,850 1,850 1,975 The lowest part of the tube, representing the strata from 1,975 to 2,092 feet below the surface, was empty. The two wells are close together and it is not at all likely that the strata penetrated are as represented. The correct interpretation of the record seems doubtful. According to Mr. Miller’s samples, which were examined by the writer in 1892, the drift extended down to 440 feet below the surface. This was also the thickness of the drift given in the driller’s record. According to the record and the samples from the sec¬ ond well the drift extended only to a depth of 370 feet, and was fol¬ lowed by light-grav shale of the “Coal Measures.” WELL RECORDS. 59 Then follow 600 feet of limestone in the first well, and 585 feet of limestone in the second well. The upper 200 feet of this limestone is almost white, very fine in texture, and dolomitic, thus resembling a limestone found in a similar situation in the Depue well belonging to the Mineral Point Zinc Company. This limestone may be Devonian, resembling the lowest Devonian on the Mississippi in Color, texture, and in its quartz contents. In the driller’s log of the first well this part of the section appears to have been reported as shale, but Miller’s samples from this depth consist of limestone. It would seem that the driller noted, at any rate, a difference between this limestone and the un¬ doubted Niagaran limestone which underlies it. All the records, as well as the samples, show shale at a depth of about 1,030 feet, but the base of the shale, which is the Cincinnatian, lies considerably lower in the first well (1,190 feet) than in the second well (about 1,095 feet). Some sand appears in the Galena in the first well, but not in the second well. In the first well the St. Peter sandstone is reported as lying from 1,600 to 1,640 feet below the surface, but in the second well, both the samples and the records show this bed at a depth of from 1,520 to 1,670 feet. This latter record appears more probable. Measuring by poles may account for the variant record in the first well. The underlying limestone, extending down to 2,525 feet below the surface, is no doubt the Oneota. 13. FIRST GENESEO CITY WELL, GENESEO, HENRY COUNTY. The city of Geneseo bored a well 2,252 feet deep in 1887, a short distance east of the Chicago, Pock Island and Pacific Eailroad station. A memory record of the strata genetrated in its first 126 feet was given to the writer by the engineer, Mr. A. Eoback, in 1892, and is as follows: Record of well at Geneseo, Illinois. Thickness in feet. Black soil . 3 Loam, changing into sand mixed with gravel . 10 Clay with boulders . 40 Black shale . 4 Coal . 1 Shale . • 38 Coal . 3 Fireclay . 27 Limestone . 120 The altitude of the curb of the well is 645 feet by aneroid, checked to railroad elevation at the station. In 1892 the water stood 21 feet above the curb, and was therefore flowing. The first flow of water, amounting to only 18 gallons a minute, according to Mr. Eoback, was obtained at a depth of 980 feet. This water had a sulphurous odor. The second flow, amounting to 40 gallons a minute, was obtained at 1,300 60 DEEP BOEINGS IN ILLINOIS. feet; the third flow, amounting to 75 gallons a minute, came at a depth of 1,400 feet, and the fourth flow was from a depth of 1,640 feet. This increased the total flow of the well to 200 gallons a minute. The salinity of the water increased below this depth and for this reason the drilling ceased at 2,252 feet. Mr. D. M. Stamm, of Geneseo, made an analysis of the water befoi'e 1892, and this gave the following results in grains per U. S. gallon: Analysis of water from well at Geneseo, Illinois. [In grains per U. S. gallon of 231 cubic inches.] Sodium chloride (NaCl) . 90.403 Sodium sulphate (Na 2 S0 4 ) . 11.340 Calcium sulphate (CaS0 4 ) . 24.105 Calcium carbonate (CaC0 3 ) 4.583 Magnesium carbonate (MgC0 3 ) . 10.231 Ferrous carbonate (FeC0 3 ) . 200 Alumina (A1 q0 3 ) . 1.806 Silica (Si0 2 ) . 8.550 Carbon dioxide (C0 2 ) . 6.497 The temperature of the water flowing in 1892 was 65° F. The same year a set of drillings, kept by the city engineer, was examined by the writer and the following notes were made: Description of samples from well at Geneseo, Illinois. Depth in feet. Black shale .:. 100 White limestone (Devonian) . 122 Limestone (recognized as Niagaran) . 220 Limestone (recognized as Niagaran) . 320 Limestone (recognized as Niagaran) . 420 Shale . 600 Shale, with some fragments of limestone . 650 Marly material and pulverized limestone . 700 Limestone, with some fragments of shale . 900 Limestone . 05u Limestone . 1,000 White sand, fine in texture . 1,075 Dark, greenish-blue shale . 1,115 Sandstone, recognized as St. Peter . 1,125 Greenish shale . 1,185 White sand, with some rusty grains . 1,205 White sand mixed with white limestone . 1,240 Sand, with some brown grains .-. 2,090 Rose-colored sand, with some brown grains and some green grains.2,225 A record of the strata of this well was published in The Geneseo News for August 18, 1887, and a copy of this record was obtained in 1910 and is, with the writer’s interpretation of the record and the sam¬ ples, as below: Interpretation of record of well at Geneseo, Illinois. Thickness in feet. Pleistocene, drift, J/2 feet. Blue clay . 35 Sand and gravel . 35 Pennsylvanian, “Coal Measures ,” 82 feet. Blue shale . 38 Blue limestone . 4 Black shale . 40 Silurian, Niagaran (perhaps with some Devonian), 1/26 feet. Gray limestone . Depth in feet. 35 35 80 84 124 550 WELL EE CO EDS. 61 Interpretation of record of well at Geneseo —Concluded. Thickness Depth in feet, in feet. Ordovician, Cincinnatian, 95 feet. Blue shale .. 95 645 Ordovician, Galena-Trenton, 1/30 feet. White limestone . 430 1,075 Ordovician, St. Peter, 115 feet. Note. —Water began to flow here, 35 gallons per minute. Sandstone . 35 1,110 Blue shale . 5 1,115 Sandstone . 67 1,182 Blue shale . 8 1,190 Ordovician, Oneota, 8J/5 feet. Sandstone mixed with limestone . 410 1,600 Note. —Big flow struck here, 200 gallons in 1 minute and 10 second. Limestone . 435 2,035 Cambrian, Potsdam, 215 feet. Sandstone . 125 2,160 Limestone .?.. 25 2,185 Red shale . 30 2,215 Red sand . 10 2,225 Limestone . 25 2,250 14. WELL OF MODEEN WOODMEN OF AMEEICA, EOCK ISLAND, EOCK ISLAND COUNTY. The Modern Woodmen of America drilled an artesian well near the main office in Rock Island, Ill. in June and July, 1909. A description of samples taken by the drillers is as below: Record of well at RocTc Island, Illinois. Depth below curb in feet. Dolomitic cream-colored limestone . 165 Dolomitic limestone, porous . 180 Dolomitic limestone, white, cavernous - .■... 195 Dolomitic limestone, coarsely granular, white, with some dark, compact and pyritiferous dolomite, and two large fragments of sandstone . 225 Dolomitic limestone, coarsely crystalline, white, with some lumps of green clay . 245 Like the above . 260 Dolomitic limestone, white, coarse . 275 Dolomitic limestone, white, porous, coarse . 290 Like the above . 305 Dolomitic limestone, white, coarsely crystalline, porous, with cavities from dissolved joints of crinoid stems . 320 Dolomitic limestone, porous and coarse . 330 Like the preceding . 345 Dolomitic limestone, white . 360 Like the preceding . 380 Dolomitic limestone, gray, with a few fragments of white chert. 405 Shale, light gray, effervesces with acid . 420 Like the preceding . 440 Shale, light gray, with fragments of a dolomitic limestone having streaks of a black pyritiferous material, spherical clusters of cubic crystals of pyrite and a minute bryozoan . 465 Like the preceding, except that the black material in the limestone is in minute specks. Bryozoa noted . 480 Shale, slightly silty, with fragments of limestone streaked with black ; occa¬ sional grains of quartz and pyrite present, but less than in preceding sample 500 Like the preceding, with small spherules of pyrite. 515 Like the preceding, with a small bryozoan or a favositid with small polyps and a flat corallum.-.. 525 Shaly limestone, gray, dolomitic, with some flaky shale . 550 Greenish gray clay, effervescence with acid hardly perceptible. 567 Dolomitic limestone, dark gray, fine grained . 582 Shale, dark gray, bituminous in appearance . 600 Dark shale, almost black when wet . 620 Dolomitic limestone, rusty gray . 635 Like the preceding ... 655 Dolomitic limestone, rusty yellowish gray, coarse in texture. 670 Dolomitic limestone, faintly yellowish gray . 685 Like the preceding . 705 62 DEEP BOEINGS IN ILLINOIS. Record of well at Rock Island —Concluded. Depth below curb Like the preceding . 720 Dolomitic limestone, lighter . 735 Like the preceding .*.. 750 Dolomitic limestone, yellowish gray, with a few small white fragments of chert . 765 Like the preceding, with some white fragments of dolomite. 780 Dolomite limestone, yellowish with some small fragments of white chert. .. . 810 Dolomite limestone, straw-colored . 835 Like the preceding . 850 Dolomitic limestone, of a rusty color . 865 Limestone, gray, not dolomitic . 880 Like the preceding . 895 Limestone, calcareous, gray with one lump of sandstone . 905 Limestone, gray, calcareous . 920 Like the preceding . 935 Limestone, gray, effervesces briskly; with minute black specks, and small crystals of pyrite. 950 Sand, of rounded, clear quartz grains, rather small. 965 Greenish gray shale . 980 Sand, coarse rounded grains; with some thin fragments of a stiff green shale . 1,005 Clean quartz sand . 1,020 Like the preceding, but coarser . 1,035 Like the preceding . 1,055 Quartz sand, cream-colored, of somewhat fine texture . 1,070 Quartz sand, yellowish, fine in texture . 1,080 Like the preceding, slightly finer in texture . 1,110 Green shale . 1,123 No samples were seen from the uppermost 160 feet of this well, but from other wells drilled in the city and from outcrops of rock in the immediate vicinity it is known that its uppermost sixty feet are in Devonian limestone. This is underlain by 360 feet of Niagaran lime¬ stone. The shale and included limestone below this to a depth of 620 feet is the Cincinnati formation. The Galena limestone, which is dolomitic, extends from 620 to 880 feet, and under this there are 85 feet of Trenton limestone, which is calcareous. The lowermost 160 feet con¬ sist of the St. Peter sandstone and its associated shales. 15. OLD CITY WELL, MONMOUTH, WARREN COUNTY. This well is located at No. 410 N. Sixth Street. It is the first deep well made in Monmouth, and was begun in 1887. Drillings were taken at intervals of from five to twenty feet, and a report of the strata, based on an examination of these samples, was made by Prof. J. H. Southwell, and published on p. 66, Vol. VIII of the Geological Survey of Illinois. This report is as follows: Geologic section of well at Monmouth. Thickness in feet. Drift, clay . 67 “Coal Measure” shale . 5 Burlington limestone .96 Kinderhook shale . 124 Devonian shale and limestone .. 109 Niagara limestone . 68 Cincinnati shale . 83 Trenton limestone . 526 St. Peter sandstone . 154 Depth in feet. 67 72 166 292 401 469 552 1,078 1,232 WELL EECOEDS. 63 In 1910 the writer procured sub-samples from the set of samples which were taken when the well was made and were still preserved. Below is a detailed description of these samples, with the writer’s deter¬ minations of the formations represented. Descriptions of samples from old city well at Monmouth, Illinois. Thickness in feet. Drift, 53 feet. Loess soil . Boulder clay . Yellow sand . Yellow silt. Boulder clay . Yellow sand and gravel . “Coal Measures,” 19 feet. Soft shale . Gray shale .. Burlington limestone, 96 feet. Gray calcareous limestone with chert and occasional crinoid stems, seen in nine successive samples. Dolomitic, porous limestone . Dolomitic limestone, with chert . Kinderhook shale, 122 feet. Greenish gray shale with crinoid stems and pyrite (2 sam¬ ples) . Greenish gray shale, (2 samples). Greenish shale, with pyrite . Greenish gray shale (3 samples). Greenish gray shale, with calcareous fragments (2 samples) Greenish gray shale (6 samples). Greenish gray shale with crinoid fragments. Greenish gray shale (3 samples). Devonian (Sweetland Creek) shale, 15k feet. Dark gray shale . Black, or dark gray, shale containing Sporangites huronense and denticles of annelids (?). Gray shale, containing Sporangites huronense (12 samples).. Dark gray shale, with Sporangites huronense and spherical concretions of pyrite %-in. in diameter. Gray shale with Sporangites huronense (4 samples). Dolomitic, finely granular rock, resembling the lower stony layers of the Sweetland Creek beds (2 samples). There were also noted some shale, some octahedral crystals of pyrite, several joints of crinoid stems and one crinoid plate Devonian (Cedar Valley) limestone, 78 feet. Calcareous limestone with pyrite and crinoid stems, mixed with some material like that in the previous sample (2 samples) . Mainly calcareous limestone, mixed with shaly material. Pyrite present. Chetetes (?) noted. A few grains of in¬ tensely green color. Some limestone fragments show minute grains of a black substance which does not effervesce with acid (bituminous?). Some green shale of very fine tex¬ ture, and some calcite crystals. Calcareous limestone . Gray shale, stony and with fragments of fossils. Gray, calcareous limestone, with some shale, and some frag- • ments of limestone with black grains, and with occasional fragments of shells and of bryozoa (7 samples). White, brittle, compact, calcareous limestone, like the rock in in the lowest Devonian at Rock Island... Silurian (Niagaran) limestone, 58 feet. Gray, blotched and compact, dolomitic limestone (3 samples) Gray dolomitic limestone (2 samples). Light gray dolomitic limestone (6 samples). Ordovician (Cincinnatian) shale, 81 feet. Bluish gray shale, with pyrite in uppermost sample (6 sam¬ ples) . Dark gray shale, with sperical concretions of pyrite and a few fragments of black, bituminous, calcareous limestone Gray shale, one sample giving slow effervescence with acid (6 samples) . Dark gray, granular shale . Ordovician (Galena-Trenton) limestone, kl3 feet. Gray dolomitic limestone (5 samples). Dark shaly dolomitic rock, falling into fragments in acid (2 samples) . 2 12 4 16 3 16 14 5 83 5 8 15 11 6 15 10 37 5 23 14 79 5 32 15 10 18 6 5 (?) 4 30 16 10 32 31 38 27 10 Depth in feet. 2 14 15 87 40 53 67 72 155 160 168 183 194 200 215 225 262 267 290 299 313 392 397 429 444 454 472 478 483 (?) 487 517 522 538 548 580 611 676 654 661 688 698 64 DEEP BORINGS IN ILLINOIS. Descriptions of samples from old city well at Monmouth —Concluded. Thickness Depth in feet. in feet. Ordovician (Galena-Trenton) limestone, J/13 feet —Concluded. Dark gray, dolomitic limestone (7 samples). 39 737 Greenish gray, shaly, dolomitic limestone. 9 746 Dolomitic limestone, dark gray (3 samples). 19 765 Dolomitic limestone, some gray, some straw-color, and some greenish; with some pyrite (2 samples)... 15 780 Dull straw-colored, dolomitic limestone (13 samples). 75 855 Dull straw-colored, dolomitic limestone with some green shale (2 samples) . 9 864 Straw-colored, dolomitic limestone (3 samples). 12 876 Cream-colored, dolomitic limestone, with some white chert (2 samples) . 14 890 Cream-colored, dolomitic limestone (2 samples). 5 895 Green shale . 5 900 Cream-colored, dolomitic limestone . 4 904 Cream-colored, dolomitic limestone with some shale and some chert. The shale is associated with limestone, alternating w r ith it in thin layers . 31 935 Cream-colored, dolomitic limestone ; in middle sample porous (3 samples) . 37 972 Cream-colored, dolomitic limestone, with pyrite and shale... 20 992 Cream-colored, dolomitic limestone, with some shale. 12 1,004 Cream-colored, dolomitic limestone, with fragments of a black rock containing a high percent of bitumen, possibly 50 per cent . 11 1,015 Cream-colored, dolomitic limestone with a little chert. 7 1,022 Dull brown, dolomitic limestone with some chert and some green shale . 13 1,035 Gray, dolomitic limestone with chert of the same color. 15 1,050 Dull straw-colored, dolomitic limestone, with some white calcareous limestone . 3 1,053 Dull straw-colored, calcareous limestone . 7 1,060 Gray limestone, somewhat dolomitic . 9 1,069 Gray, dolomitic limestone, with some green shale marked by foliated black blotches . 5 1,074 Ordovician (St. Peter) sandstone, 156 feet. Coarse rounded quartz sand with about half of the grains having secondary crystalline growth. 9 1,083 Rounded quartz sand (10 samples). 59 1,142 Rounded quartz sand, finer in texture (5 samples). 35 1,177 Somewhat coarse, rounded quartz sand. 7 1,184 Medium fine rounded quartz sand (4 samples). 29 1,213 Moderately coarse quartz sand and green shale. 5 1,218 Coarse rounded quartz sand . 3 1,221 Fine quartz sand . 4 1,225 Coarse sand and green shale . 5 1,230 Ordovician (Lower Magnesian) limestone, 2 feet. White dolomitic limestone with some sand. 2 1,232 The above record of the formations made out from the drillings must be regarded as one of the most satisfactory records from any boring of equal depth in the State. It shows that the Xiagaran limestone has a much smaller thickness than it has farther north or farther east. This is due probably to pre-Devonian erosion. The shale between the Burling¬ ton and the Cedar Valley limestones exhibits two divisions: a lower darker part which contains Sporangites huronense throughout its entire thickness, and which, without a doubt, is the equivalent of the Sweetland Creek shale in Iowa, and a lighter, upper part which is destitute, so far as observed, of Sporangites , and which probably is the equivalent of the Ivinderhook shales at Burlington in Iowa. These two shales may be unconformable. 16. CITY WELL, NO. 3, GALESBURG, KNOX COUNTY. Veil Xo. 3 of the city waterworks of Galesburg .is located about 420 feet southeast of the crossing of Main and Henderson streets. Samples WELL RECORDS. 65 were taken from this well to represent each separate formation pene¬ trated, and sub-samples from these were submitted to the writer in the spring of 1910, by Mr. F. N. Conolly, the city engineer, three years after the well was made. W. H. Gray & Bros., of Chicago, were the con¬ tractors. Work was begun on July 27, 1906, and the well was completed the following year. The elevation of the curb of the well is about 750 feet above sea level. Its diameter is sixteen inches at the top of the well and eight inches at its bottom. A 16-inch casing extends down 81 feet; a 12-inch extends 257 feet farther; a 10-inch extends 42 feet; and an 8-inch extends 410 feet. The water does not flow, and when highest it stands 160 feet from the surface. Air-lift is used for pumping and the maximum yield is 160 gallons per minute. The principal water bed is at 1,080 feet below the surface. The descriptions of the samples sub¬ mitted are as follows: Description of samples from well No. 3„ Galesburg, Illinois. Black loam . Loess, showing tubular penetrations from roots of vegetation.... Clayey sand ... Sand . Clean sand and gravel. Shale, dark . Black coaly shale, with shaly coal. Light gray fire clay, with some small fragments of coal. Gray, sandy limestone . Grayish white shale . Gray shale of the “Coal Measures” . Dark gray shale of the “Coal Measures” . Light, bluish-gray, unctucous shale, into which have been worked small splinters of a white chert such as is found in the Bur¬ lington limestone . Gray shale containing Sporangites huronense in abundance. The specimen is labeled “brown shale”. Dolomitic, shaly limestone of gray color (Devonian). White, dolomitic limestone of coarse crystalline texture (Niagaran) Gray shale . Gray, fine-grained, dolomitic limestone. Gray shale. The original label reads: “Brown shale”. Yellowish gray, dolomitic limestone . Sandstone (St. Peter) . Coarse, clean, quartz sand. Coarse, clean, quartz sand. Fine, clean, quartz sand. Depth Thick¬ ness in feet. in feet. 4 4 12 8 30 18 50 20 75 25 83 8 85 2 100 15 140 40 175 30 200 25 230 30 245 15 330 85 380 50 550 170 650 100 680 30 750 70 *370 *750 1,100 30 1,150 50 1,170 20 1,215 45 The chert fragments in the sample of shale at the depth of 245 feet indicates the presence of a remnant of the chert of the Burlington lime¬ stone at the unconformity below the base of the “Coal Measures.” The record of Galesburg city well, No. 1 shows, at about the same level, fifteen feet of “limestone and flint,” which presumably is a thicker remnant of the same formation, and which corroborates the inference stated as to the source of this chert in the clay in well No. 3. The writer’s inter- *Evidently wrong. —5 G 66 DEEP BOEINGS IN ILLINOIS. pretation of the formations represented by the samples submitted is as follows: Formations represented by the samples of drillings from the Galesburg well No. 3. Thickness in feet. Pleistocene . 75 Pennsylvanian . 165 Remnant of Mississippian cherts.Small Sweetland Creek, Devonian shale . 90 Devonian limestone . 50 Niagaran limestone . 160 Cincinnatian shale . 200 Galena and Trenton limestone. 350 17. WELL ON W. B. MANLOVE's FARM, BIRMINGHAM TOWNSHIP, SCHUYLER COUNTY. The Schuyler Oil and Gas Company made a well in 1909 on the farm belonging to W. B. Manlove, located in Birmingham Township, Schuyler County, about four miles southeast of the town of Plymouth. Samples of the drillings from this well were submitted to the writer by Mr. J. E. Wilson, the contractor. In a letter dated May 26, 1909, at Plymouth, Ill., Mr. Wilson wrote as follows: “On account of caving we have had to abandon this well at 1,125 feet, but will drill again at once. After passing through about 420 feet of blue shale, we struck limestone, drilled through that about 230 feet. Then we struck sandstone and have drilled in that about 230 feet. When we struck this sandstone we got a flood of water. It came to the top and ran out, and has increased in volume till it now runs 45 gallons per minute. We have piped it twenty feet above the top and the force does not seem to be diminished. Some of the samples may not be marked just right, as I had to rely on my men during my absence from the work/ 5 (Signed) J. E. Wilson. The samples referred to were examined by the writer. They are described below: Description of samples from the Manlove well Schuyler County , Illinois. Depth in feet. Crinoidal calcareous limestone, with much chert, which is filled with frag¬ ments of fossils, mainly bryozoa and brachiopoda. The chert is opalescent white . 50 Like the preceding. One fragment contained light green particles. 60 Mostly nonfossiliferous white chert, with which there is some dolomitic lime¬ stone. There were two fragments of chalcedonic geodes, with drusy interior surfaces, and measuring about one-third inch and two-third inch in diameter . 70 Chert and dolomitic limestone of a dirty straw-color. 80 White calcareous limestone, with chert having the structure of an organic breecia . 90 White calcareous limestone with about one-tenth of its mass chert, which shows organic structure . 200 White calcareous limestone, with somewhat more chert of the same kind. . . 220 WELL RECORDS. 67 Description of samples from the Manlove well —Concluded. Depth in feet. Pure white, mainly crinoidal limestone, and almost without chert. 235 Light shale, with fragment of limestone. 246 Light blue shale, with much pyrite in small crystals. Fragments of cal¬ careous limestone frequent . 280 Light blue shale, with pyrite and calcareous fragments. 292 Light, greenish blue shale with pyrite . 295 Light, greenish blue shale, with only infrequent crystals of pyrite. 302 Light, greenish blue shale. No pyrite noted. 302 Light, greenish blue shale . 310 Light, greenish blue shale . 320 Greenish gray shale, with poorly preserved specimens of Sporangites occurring sparsely . 330 Greenish gray shale, with Sporangites . 340 Greenish gray shale, with poorly preserved specimens of Sporangites . 345 Gray shale, faintly micaceous, with Sporangites . 355 Gray shale, with abundant Sporangites, and occasional crystals of pyrite.... 365 Gray shale, with Sporangites poorly preserved . 400 Light gray shale, micaceous, with comparatively thick specimens of Spor¬ angites, and shapeless fragments of resinous material which appear to be shreds of Sporangites . 415 Shale, almost black, showing reflections of minute scales of mica. A highly bituminous rock which burns for a few moments after it has been thoroughly ignited. On the split surfaces of some large fragments several small specimens of Lingula were noted, about 1 mm. in diameter. The distance from the umbo to the ventral margin of the valves was slightly greater than the transverse measure. Faint lines radiate from the umbo, and distinct concentric lines of growth are present. Irregular minute tubercles appear on the outer part of the valves. This black shale as a yellow translucent mass in transmitted light under the lens. 511 A highly bituminous limestone, most of which effervesces briskly with acid. Some effervesces hardly at all. Some of the sample is crystalline calcite, and some bituminous fragments when ignited burn for a few seconds. The label on the sample was blurred, 5?1, but its highly bituminous character makes it probable that it is from about the same depth as the previous sample . ±511 Green clay shale, not effervescing in acid..'.. 600 Greenish gray shale, of very fine plastic texture, effervescing slightly with acid. Contains a valve of an Estheria? Label indistinct: 680 or 683.... 683 White calcareous .limestone with embedded minute fragments of fossils, making an organic fragmental rock. 685 White calcareous soft limestone. A loosely cemented breccia of minute organic fragments. Presence of Foraminifera problematic. 710 Like the preceding . 730 White, soft, calcareous limestone, with thin sinuous films of black bitum¬ inous material. Emitting bituminous odor before the blowpipe. 750 Calcareous limestone, slightly bituminous, composed of calcite crystals. Some fragments consist of a rock like that seen in the two previous samples. They probably fell down from upper levels. 800 White limestone with some white chert, which is full of fossil fragments, like the chert from the Mississippian limestone. It is possible that the label on this sample is wrong. 850 Dark limestone, black when wet, with minute specks of bituminous matter. Resembles the shaly limestone of the Cedar Valley in Iowa. 930 Yellowish gray, calcareous limestone, possibly an equivalent to the Daven¬ port quarry beds of the Devonian in Iowa. 950 Gray quartz sand, mixed with some fragments of calcareous limestone and rare fragments of dolomitic limestone. The sample has the dirty appear¬ ance of “oil-sand.” No bituminous odor was detected on heating in an open tube. Label wrong?. 955 White quartz sand, with a few small flakes of a thinly laminated rock. Like St. Peter sandstone in general appearance. 958 Light gray quartz sand, grains rounded and moderately coarse. 1,125 A sandstone with water was reported as occurring in the well at a depth of from 140 to 160 feet. With the uncertainty of the labels mentioned by the contractor in his letter of May 26, 1909, and with a slight disagreement of some of the labels on the samples with the depths of the formations furnished in the same letter, no very accurate section of the strata penetrated by this well can be made. Nevertheless the record settles several points with regard to the stratigraphy in this region. The limestone extending down to 240 feet below the surface is clearly of Mississippian age. The 68 DEEP BORINGS IN ILLINOIS. shale underlying this limestone to the depth of some 680 feet is the equivalent of the Kinderhook shale at Burlington and of the Sweetland Creek shale of the Devonian farther north on the Mississippi. The com¬ bined thickness of the two shales in this well is near 450 feet, which is only about 100 feet more than the thickness known from other explora¬ tions. The limestone shown in samples from depths between 685 and 950 feet, is certainly neither Silurian nor Ordovician. If the samples of cuttings have been taken from the depths stated, this limestone must be in the main of Devonian age, which, to judge from the last two samples taken, here rests on the St. Peter sandstone. If this is correct, it indi¬ cates the present of an anticline, the crest of which must have been reduced by several hundred feet before the deposition of the Devonian limestone. While a buried anticline of this kind is indicated by other explorations along the Mississippi River, a certain interpretation of this part of the stratigraphic record must await further and more carefully procured data. The following is the writer’s tentative interpretation: Interpretation of record of Manlove well, Schuyler County, Illinois. Depth in feet. From. To. Drift . 0 30 Mississippian limestone . 30 240 Kinderhook and Devonian shales . 240 690 Devonian limestone (with some Trenton limestone below?) . 690 960 St. Peter sandstone . 960 1,135 18. WELL ON THE MCGINNIS FARM, NEAR JACKSONVILLE, MORGAN COUNTY. In August, 1910, samples of drillings were submitted to the writer by Mr. R. S. Blatchley of the Illinois State Geological Survey, from a well being drilled on the SW. % sec. 33, T. 45 N., R. 9 W., on the McGinnis farm near Jacksonville. The samples were taken mostly at intervals of 5 feet and represented the strata explored from 310 to 380 feet below the surface. All the rock is limestone, mostly calcareous, some dolomitic, some containing fine sand, and some with oolitic spher¬ ules. It represents the upper part of the Mississippian series, probably the St. Louis. Description of samples from well near Jacksonville, Illinois. Depth in feet. White calcareous limestone, consisting of a mixture of minute (organic) fragments exhibiting a finely reticulated texture as seen on a polished surface. Some fragments showed thin dark layers with minute crystals of marcasite . 310 Grayish white limestone. Some fragments consisted of oolite, with spherules about .5 mm. in diameter. Some showed minute crystals and specks of marcasite . 315 Gray dolomitic limestone of very finely granular texture, with embedded small quartz grains, and with occasional bright grains of green. Some broken minute spines were noted, and there were some fragments of dark or black shale . 320 WELL RECORDS. 69 Description of samples from well near Jacksonville —Concluded. Depth in feet. Limestone, somewhat slowly effervescent with acid, of very minute granular texture, and containing some very minute quartz grains. Color, gray to white. A bright green mineral was noted, lining the surface of a cavity. There were a few fragments of shale, some gray, some greenish gray. 325 Like the preceding, with some calcareous limestone, and with more shale, some of which is streaky with dark and light gray layers. 339 Compact limestone, dove-colored . 335 Like the preceding . 340 Compact limestone, with greenish and dark shale .. 345 Gray limestone, composed of organic fragmental material with bryozoa, crinoid remains, etc. 350 Limestone, white, pure, and quite compact, with occasional spherules, .5 to 1 mm. in diameter, probably oolitic. Small spheroidal aggregations of marcasite, and some gray shale . 355 Limestone, some light gray, some white, with some little shale. The limestone contains fine quartz sand, the grains ranging from .06 mm. to .25 mm. in diameter. Gypsum, as selemite and in spheroid concretions, was noted, also spherules of marcasite and some fragments of a green mineral. 360 Limestone, calcareous, light gray, with embedded fine sand, as in layer above 370 Gray limestone, in part magnesian and in part calcareous, with one frag¬ ment of sandstone cemented with a calcareous matrix and some shale in large lumps. Marcasite in small granules also present. 380 19. CHICAGO, WILMINGTON AND VERMILION COAL COMPANY^ TEST HOLE, THAYER, SANGAMON COUNTY. • This boring was completed in the last part of 1908 to the depth of 635 feet. The writer is ignorant as to whether the work continued to any greater depth. Samples were submitted for examination taken at depths indicated in some cases by two numbers, in other cases by only one. In cases where only one number is given this evidently denotes the depth of the well at the time the sample was taken. All of the samples are apparently from the Pennsylvanian series. Description of samples from test hole at Thayer, Illinois. Shale and some drift pebbles . Limestone, of concretionary appearance . Gray sandy shale .. Gray sandy shale . Gray micaceous shale . Micaceous silty shale . Gray sandy shale . Gray shale . Gray shale, with some calcareous fragments. On the label is the note: “Coal, 8 inches” . Gray and partly dark limestone, with pyrite, some coal and some black shale . Gray, sandy and micaceous shale ... Sandy and micaceous shale . Sandy and biotitic shale with some pyritiferous limestone . Sandy shale, mixed with limestone. Fine sand and shale showing thin carbonaceous laminae . Calcareous, fossil-bearing limestone . Gray silty shale, not calcareous . Gray fossiliferous limestone, with some shale . Shale, greenish gray, unctuous . Olive gray, unctuous clay . Gray shale, in part sandy, in part, calcareous . Greenish gray limestone and some black shale . Gray shale, marly and unctuous. Micaceous, gray, soft shale . White limestone . Coal and black shale containing organic fragments. On the label is the note: “Coal at 292 ft.” . Limestone, somewhat shaly and containing grains of pyrite. Some fragments are greenish . Depth in feet. From. To. 45 55 55 65 • • • 70 75 83 • • • 95 95 105 105 115 115 125 125 135 135 i 3 5 145 • • • 155 155 ■ 165 165 175 175 185 • • • 185 185 195 195 205 205 215 215 225 225 235 • • • 245 245 255 • • • 265 270 273 285 295 295 305 70 DEEP BORINGS IN ILLINOIS. Description of samples from test hole at Thayer —Concluded. Depth in feet. From. To. Dark, pyrite-bearing limestone, obscurely fossiliferous. 315 Coal, evidently representing only a part of the depth from. 315 326 Gray, fossiliferous and sandy limestone . 335 ... Gray marl . 335 345 Light gray shale with some calcareous spherules noted measuring .125 mm, in diameter. 345 355 Gray sandy and micaceous shale . 355 365 Dark gray and soft marl. 375 ... Gray silty shale very slightly calcareous . 375 385 Black shale like “miner’s slate” . 385 395 Shale and limestone . 395 405 Limestone, some dark and some light gray, with some fragments of sandstone .. 405 Unctous, light-gray shale . 415 425 Black shale and some limestone . 435 445 Fireclay, unctuous, with slickensided joints, and minute fragments of calcareous material and coal . 455 465 Sandy shale . 465 475 Clean sand, moderately coarse showing secondary crystalline facets, some “mineral charcoal” and a few calcareous fragments . 550 560 Clean coarse sand, with secondary crystalline facets. On the label is the note: “Shale between these two sands, with water, twenty gallons per minute . 600 625 20. CITY WELL, SHELBYVILLE, SHELBY COUNTY. Samples from a well bored at Shelbyville, Shelby County, were sub¬ mitted by Dr. W. J. Eddy, of Shelbyville, for examination. The driller’s determination were noted on the labels giving the depths at which the samples were taken. These determinations are quoted after the writer’s description. Description of samples from well at Shelbyville, Illinois. Depth in feet. Dark shale, sandy and micaceous, and some sandstone of fine texture. There are also some fragments of impure brown limestone and of light gray limestone. Endothyra was noted. “Blue shale” . 240 Gray micaceous shale and sandstone of fine texture. The fragments fre¬ quently show thin laminae, broken pieces of carbonaceous material. “Gray sandstone” . 285 White limestone, compact in texture, and containing organic fragments. The rock has specks of black bituminous material, and also small spots of bright green granules. Two crinoid joints, Rhombopora lepidodendroides, and other bryozoa noted. “Limestone” . 300 Gray shale, some dark, and some light, coarse and micaceous. A few ferruginous concretions, which probably made the drillings look brown when wet. “Brown shale” . 390 White limestone in thin fragments. Fragments of shells and spines of brachiopods noted. “White limestone” . 420 Gray limestone, with less than one-fourth the quantity of embedded fine sand. One fragment with proportionately more embedded sand, has the appearance of sandstone. The grains are small and angular and are held in a matrix which makes more than half of the mass. “Gray sand¬ stone” . 460 Black shale, irregularly bedded, containing a great number of small crystals of selenite. “Black shale” . 470 Micaceous sandstone of fine texture, or sandy shale, filled with shreds of carbonaceous material. “Blue shale” . 485 Evidently all of these samples come from the Pennsylvanian. The limestone at 300 feet below the surface most closely resembles the lime¬ stone above coal No. 6, but lies, perhaps above the depth at which this limestone would be looked for. WELL EECOEDS. 71 21. WELL ON FEED JENSEN^ EAEM, NEAE TUSCOLA, DOUGLAS COUNTY. This well is located on the NE. % sec. 15, T. 15 N., R. 7 E., in Bourbon Township, near Tuscola, Douglas County. It was drilled in 1908. Mr. J. L. Dawson of Tuscola. These were taken irregularly at depths from 3 to 100 feet apart. Description of samples of well near Tuscola, Illinois. Depth in feet. Gray limestone, soft, impure . 103 Like the preceding but with joints of crinoid stems and a Seminula argentea 109 Limestone with many joints of crinoid stems, pieces of shells of brachiopods and Rhombopora lepidodendroides . 11.7 Limestone with fossils as in the preceding . 120 Gray marly shale, with spines of production in profusion . 130 A red breccia of calcareous organic fragments . 176 Micaceous sandstone . 218 Micaceous sandstone . 230 White sandstone . 270 Organic limestone of coarse texture, with some black grains. 370 The same . 370 White organic limestone, with some gray shale. A Nodosaria? was seen embedded in the limestone . 390 Rock like the preceding . 395 Gray limestone, some compact in texture . 405 Fine grained sandstone, micaceous, with some fragments of coal. 450 Sandstone, fine grained and micaceous . 455 Sandstone, fine grained and micaceous . 460 Like the preceding . 465 Gray sandstone . 485 Gray sandstone, micaceous. Label on sample says “Salt water” . 490 Sand and shale with some marly material. Label says: “Salt water”. 500 White limestone, with fragments of a brachiopod shells . 550 Some pieces of limestone, black shale and coal . 560 Coal . 580 Limestone, with joints of crinoid stems, pieces of brachiopod shells and Rhombopora lepidendroides. Many fragments contain interlacing curving tubes of Ammodiscus measuring about .15 mm. in diameter . 660 Limestone, with crinoid joints . 680 Sandstone . 715 Marly gray material of exceedingly fine texture; slime from drill... 790 Yellowish sand. Label says: “Salt water” . 875 Yellowish sand. Label says: “Salt water” . 880 Brown sand, coarse. Label says: “Salt Water”.:. 885 Brown sand. Label says: “Salt water” . 890 Gray sand, not coarse. Label says: “Salt water” . 893 Yellowish gray sandstone, micareous. Label says: “Salt water”. 975 Like the preceding. Label says: “Salt water” . 980 Like the preceding. Label says: “Salt water” . 985 Gray shale . 1,060 Coal . 1,090 Sandstone, coal, and limestone . 1,100 Fire clay or shale, sand, and some limestone . 1,150 All fragments of concretionary pvrite of iron. Label says: “Same 1,270 feet from surface drill stuck, had to abandon well, lost two strings of tools” . 1,170 A fragment of pyrite, one-half inch in diameter. Label says: “Sample that came upon top of sand bucket weighed 3 pounds, from cave-in.(?1,270) A sample of yellow salt accompanied the other material. The label of this sample reads: “Sample Salt: 1 gallon water, boiled down and dried, weighed 9 ounces. From 875 to 985 feet.” In a letter dated Nov. 28, 1908, addressed to the writer, Mr. J. L. Dawson says: “I have no other record of the borings of the well, except samples sent to you. The drillers only saved the sand when there were 72 DEEP BOEINGS IN ILLINOIS. any changes. Gas came from the deep salt sand about 800 feet and burned freely. It had no odor.” All the samples are believed to consist of material from the Pennsyl¬ vanian, or from the strata later than the Mississippian. The horizon of coal No. 6 is believed to be at depths of 560 to 580 feet. 22 . ILLINOIS POWDER COMPANY^ WELL, GRAFTON, JERSEY COUNTY. Eleven samples from the Illinois Powder Company’s well, drilled at Grafton, Jersey County, were submitted for examination by R. S. Blatchley of the State Geological Survey in September, 1910. The original labels, evidently written by the collector in Grafton and quoted verbatim below, show that each sample represents distinct portions of Ihe section varying from 9 to 177 feet in thickness, and evidently re¬ garded as uniform in character. Hence the exact depth from which •each sample as taken can be made out only within the variable limits •of each indicated portion of the section. The writer is inclined to believe that the sample number two (see below) represents only the upper part •of the rock penetrated at depths from 75 to 252 feet, and that the lower and the greater part of this division consists of the shales and limesone of the Cincinnatian formation. Drilling through these shales goes on rapidly and the ground shale is apt to run off from the bucket with the water. It is a matter of general occurrence that inexperienced col¬ lectors of well samples neglect taking samples of, and even fail to note the occurrence of, shale strata. The writer’s interpretation of this section is therefore as follows: Record at Grafton (Interpretation). Thick¬ ness in feet. Depth in feet. From. To. 24 0 24 "N’incraran limestone. 51 24 75 Niagaran and Cincinnatian limestone and shale. 189 75 264 655 Galena and Trenton limestone. 391 264 ■ppt.p/r sandstone.. 117 655 772 Description of samples from original labels of well at Grafton, Illinois. “1. Depth of strata: 51 feet from 24 to 75 feet.” Yellow calcareous limestone of fine texture, with some fragments of yellow dolomitic limestone, with some white chert and some chalcedonic quartz. “2. Depth of strata: 177 feet, from 75 to 252 feet.” Light bluish or greenish gray dolomitic limestone, with some of the fragments tinged green, and a few containing embedded gfains of a greenish black mineral resembling glauconite. Some of these grains are rounded, lie close together, and measure from .25 mm. to .5 mm. in diameter. WELL RECORDS! 73 “3. Depth of strata: 12 feet, from 252 to 264 feet.” Dark gray dolomitic limestone, showing some slender embedded black spines or threads, with some greenish shale. “4. Depth of strata: 102 feet, from 264 to 366 feet.” Calcareous limestone, some dark brown, some yellow and some white. The white limestone shows black specks, as much as .25 mm. in diameter, being embedded crystals and minute spheroidal concretions of marcasite. The same mineral also occurs in irregular clusters of minute crystals. Most of the fragments of the yellow limestone and of the light brown limestone consist of a light gray matrix in which lie embedded grains of a brown mineral .06 mm. in diameter or less. Small fragments of the rock float on water, as if impregnated witn bituminous material. “5. Thickness of strata: 9 feet, from 366 to 375 feet.” Calcareous limestone, yellowish white, consisting of worn organic frag¬ ments, frequently measuring from .25 mm. to .05 mm. in diameter. One large fragment showed stylolites impregnated with a black bitumin¬ ous film, and such films were noted in other fragments in which were no stylotic structures. The rock yields a bituminous odor when crushed and small fragments float on water. Crystals of marcasite .06 mm. in diameter were noted. A few thin dark fissile shale fragments. “ 6 . Thickness of strata: 39 feet, from 375 to 414 feet.” Calcareous limestone, mostly gray, some white and some very dark fragments. Some gray fragments are sandstone, consisting of small sand grains lying in a calcareous matrix. Some fragments of fossils, some clear calcite and some fine marcasite were also noted. “7. Thickness of strata: 146 feet, from 414 to 560 feet.” Dolomitic limestone, straw-colored with some white chert. “ 8 . Thickness of strata: 25 feet, from 560 to 585 feet.” Calcareous limestone, gray, some fragments with scattered small embedded sand grains. Two large fragments showed a green tinge along healed fractures. Fragments of fossils were noted. There was some black shale, which effervesced slowly with acid. ”9. Thickness of strata: 20 feet, from 585 to 605 feet.” Dolomitic limestone, straw-colored and finely granular. “10. Thickness of strata: 50 feet, from 605 to 655 feet. Dolomitic limestone, gray, containing some very fine quartz sand with grains measuring .125 mm. in diameter. “11. Thickness of strata: 117.5 feet, from 655 to 772.5 feet. Water-bearing sand.’’ Pure and clean siliceous sand, with the grains mostly from .16 mm. to .33 mm. in diameter. Most grains well rounded, some with facets due to secondary growth. 23. WELL NO. 1 IN LAYINA THIERER's FARM, MERIDIAN TOWNSHIP, CLINTON COUNTY. This well was drilled for the Ohio Oil Company in the E. y 2 NE. 14 sec. 36, Medidian Township, Clinton County, about 250 feet from, the Marion County line. The elevation of its curb is estimated to be 500 feet above sea level. Samples were submitted to the writer who examined them with the result indicated in the following table: (Coal No. 6 is near 510 feet below the surface and the base of the Pennsylvanian is somewhere near 970 feet below the surface. Below 970 all is the Chester.) Description of samples from well No. 1 on Thierer farm, Clinton County, Illinois. Depth in feet. From. To. No samples .•. 0 265 Shaly sandstone and shale . 265 27U Gray sandy shale and some siderite . 270 275 Gray sandy shale, with lime matrix . 275 280 Gray sandstone and black shale. Some yellow limestone. 280 285 Gray sandstone with infiltrated calcareous material . 285 290 Dark gray sandy shale, with a few fragments of limestone. 290 295 Gray micaceous shale . 295 300 Gray shaly sandstone . 300 305 Gray shale . 305 310 Dark shale of fine texture .. 310 315 Gray shale .’.. 315 335 Black shale . 1 . 335 345 74 DEEr BORINGS IN ILLINOIS. Description of samples from well No. 1 —Continued. Depth in feet. From. To. Black shale and coal. “Clod” limestone with fossil fragments. Minute gasteropod noted .. ... 345 350 Gray sandstone with siderite spherules embedded, and coal. 350 355 Light gray sandy shade . 355 360 Micaceous sandstone, shaly . 360 36b Sandy shale . 365 370 Sandstone . 370 375 Sandy shale . 375 380 Dark sandy shale . 380 385 Black shale . 385 31)o Gray shale and sandstone . 390 400 Gray sandy shale . 400 405 Gray shale . 405 410 Dark, almost black, shale . 410 425 Like the preceding, brownish black limestone . 425 440 Almost black, very fine clay, containing brownish black limestone. Very difficult to wash . 440 445 Gray shale, micaceous with some concretionary clay ironstone and some organic limestone . 445 450 Sandy shale, micaceous, with some organic limestone and spherules of siderite . 450 455 Brown marly clay and greenish gray, calcareous limestone of waxy lustre and containing occasional organic fragments . 455 460 Brown marly clay with limestone, as above . 460 465 Gray marly shale, with a few fragments of red shale and limestone. . . 465 470 Gray marly shale and limestone . 470 475 Gray marly clay, and limestone, sandstone and black limestone with pyrite . 475 480 Black shale . 480 485 Black fissile shale, gray shale, and coal . 485 490 Gray fire clay, shale and coal with some limestone . 490 495 Gray shale, limestone, and coal. Fusilina quite frequent, four speci¬ mens noted. Also Chonetes, Productus, crinoid stems and bryozoa.. 495 500 Gray marly shale .. 500 510 Black coaly shale and coal, with some sand. 510 515 No sample . 515 520 Dark shale and coal . 520 525 Dark clay shale with coal and limestone . 525 535 Gray shale . 535 565 Coal and sand . 565 570 Gray shale . 570 580 Gray shale, dark, with some organic limestone . 580 585 Coal and black shale, with some limestone . 585 590 Black shale . 590 595 Black shale and coal . 595 600 Black shale . 600 610 Black shale and sandstone. 610 615 Dark fire clay with some effervescing material. 615 620 Black shale, sandstone and a little coal. 620 625 Gray shale and sandstone . 625 630 Mostly gray sandstone . 630 640 Gray sandstone and shale, with some pyrite. 640 645 Sandstone and shale . 645 650 Sandstone, white limestone, and coal. 650 655 Gray sandstone . 655 660 Gray sand . 660 685 Gray sand with some dark limestone. 685 695 Gray sand . 695 710 Gray sand with some dark limestone. 710 715 Yellow sand ... 715 740 Yellowish white sand . 740 745 Gray sand . 745 755 Gray sand with some shale. 755 760 Sandstone and shale . 760 765 Gray shale . 765 770 Sandy shale . 770 780 Sandy dark shale . 780 785 No sample . 785 790 Gray sandstone . 790 795 Gray sand, carbonaceous and laminated. 795 800 Sandstone, gray, micaceous and calcareous, filled with oil and bitumen 800 805 Gray sandstone, calcareous . 805 810 Gray sandstone, with calcareous material, and pyrite. 810 815 Gray shale and sandstone . 815 820 Gray shale and sandstone, with pyrite . 820 825- Gray shale ... 825 830 Gray shale and sandstone . 830 835 Coarse, porous sandstone, with shale and concretionary siderite, black or brown; pyrite and a few coarse quartz grains.... 835 840 Like the preceding, with a crinoid stem joint. 840 845 Coarse and porous sandstone with black carbonate of iron concretions 845 850 WELL RECORDS. 75 Description of samples from well No. 1 —Continued. Depth in feet. From. To. Yellow sand . 850 875 Stony gray shale, siderite fragments and gray sand. 875 880 White sand . 880 885 Yellowish gray sand . 885 890 Clear white sand . 890 895 Yellow sand with some dark shale. 895 900 Black sandy shale and limestone, with coal, pyritized wood and shale 900 905 Gray sandy shale, siderite concretions and pyrite. 905 910 Some sandy shale, some dark shale with concretionary material. 910 915 Dark and sandy shale, some siderite and pyrite, and some coal. 915 920 Sandy shale, coal, some limestone, and fire clay. 920 925 Gray shale and coarse grained sandstone. 925 930 Black shale and white sandstone. 930 935 Black stony shale, and sandstone. 935 945 Dark gray shale and sandstone, with pyrite. 945 955 Shale and siderite, gray . 955 900 Gray shale and siderite . 960 965 Gray shale and siderite . 965 975 Note.—F rom 945-975 the greater part of the washings were split into flat plates. Color gray ; texture that of limestone ; no effervescence. Black and green shale . 970 975 Black and green shale and limestone. Rhombopora lepidodendroides present . 975 980 Black and dark shale and limestone . 980 990 Dark green shale with some fragments of laminae of homogeneous quartz, and some organic calcareous fragments, one crinoid joint. . 990 995 Like the preceding, with some pyrite . 995 1,000 Like the preceding, with more calcareous fragments. 1,000 1,005 Dark gray calcareous shale, with shell fragments and a few red stony shale fragments . 1,005 1,010 Dark greenish gray, stony shale with some red shale. 1,010 1,015 No sample . 1,015 1,020 Like that from 1,010 to 1,015 feet. 1,020 1,030 Dark greenish gray shale, with crinoid joints, fragments of shells and occasional sand grains . 1,030 1,035 Dark greenish gray shale, with fragments of a clean, white fine grained sandstone, cemented with calcite, effervescing. 1,035 1,040 Dark shale and sandstone with infiltrated calcite. The sandstone is of uniform, fine texture and quite hard. It is free from mica... 1,040 1,065 Like the preceding with a few fragments of white limestone.. 1,065 1,070 Black shale, sandstone, and some limestone. 1,070 1,075 Black shale and white sandstone, with some thin layers of sandstone of the same color as the shale. 1,075 1,080 Dark greenish gray shale, with some white sandstone, and some red shale . ? . 1,080 1,085 Black shale and white sandstone . 1,085 1,090 Like the preceding but more sandy. 1,090 1,095 Black shale and white sand in about equal amounts. 1,095 1,100 Dark green shale . 1,100 1,105 Dark, almost black, greenish shale, giving no effervescence, with some red shale, and a few dolomitic fragments. (2 samples). 1,105 1,115 Greenish gray sandstone and some dark shale. 1,115 1,130 Greenish black shale, with some sand, and occasional fragments of red shale . 1,130 1,135 No sample . 1,135 1,140 Mostly sandstone with some green shale. 1,140 1,150 Light gray, dark gray, and greenish gray shale, with frequent organic calcareous fragments . 1,150 1,155 Mostly white organic limestone, with some shale. 1,155 1,160 Mostly gray organic limestone, bryozoa and crinoid stems, with some gray shale . 1,160 1,165 Dark shale and organic limestone. Minute echinoid spine noted, also bryozoa . 1,165 1,170 Dark gray shale and organic limestone. 1,170 1,185 Brown clay and dark shale. Effervesces with acid. 1,185 1,195 Dull brownish clay and dark shale. 1,195 1*200 Dark, almost black, stony shale . 1,200 1,205 Dark green shale, with some red shale and with some red blotched limestone . 1,205 1,215 Dark, almost black shale . 1,215 1,220 Gray shale, red shale, and gray crinoidal limestone, organic, oolitic, small echinoid spine noted . 1,220 1,225 Dark shale and crinoidal limestone . 1,225 1*240 Like the preceding, with Archimedes (?) fragment .. 1,240 l’,245 Dark shale and crinoidal limestone, with an Athyris . 1,245 R250 Dark shale and organic calcareous material. 1,250 1,255 Red shale and greenish dark gray shale, with organic fragments, Varicolored shale and some limestone. 1,260 1 265 Red shale . 11265 1*275 76 DEEP BOEINGS IN ILLINOIS. Description of samples from well No. 1 —Continued. \ Reddish gray shale . Red shale, marly . Organic oolitic limestone, white, with some shale. Variegated shale; oolitic limestone; gray, shaly, organic limestone.. Gray shale; oolitic limestone, and organic limestone. Dark gray shale, mostly . Dark gray shale, some red shale, with limestone. Dark gray shale,and oolitic limestone .. Dark gray shale showing carbonaceous shreds of vegetation, and pyrite . Dark gray shale, with shreds of carbonaceous material, gray sandy shale, gray organic limestone and some pyrite.. Gray shale and white fine-grained sandstone . Gray and dark gray shale, with some limestone and sandstone. Gray sand and some shale, a little limestone. Gray sand, some calcareous shale and red shale. No sample . Gray sand with a little limestone. Gray sand and a little limestone. Gray sand, gray shale and limestone. Gray sand and a little dark shale. Gray sand and some dark shale. Sand . Sand of fine texture, the greater part of the grains are from .125 mm. to .25 mm. in diameter . Yellowish gray sand of same texture as last sample. Yellow sand . White sandstone with grains mostly from .125 mm. to .25 mm. in diameter. Some chips of dark shale. White sandstone with some fragments of calcareous rock, some calcite and shale. Bryozoa noted . Dark gray shale ... Dark gray shale with some crinoidal limestone. Limestone, shale and fine sandstone. Brown shale, limestone and fine sand.,.. Brown shale and limestone . Brown shale and limestone; dark shale . Some limestone, crinoidal, and some dark shale. Some limestone fragments have a bright orange red, or “lobster” color. White sand, limestone, and gray shale. White sand and varicolored shale. Sand from .06 mm. to .125 mm. in diameter. Maximum .25 mm. Varicolor shale with a little sand. Purplish brown, greenish and gray shale, with some gray to purplish organic and structureless limestone . Dark purplish brown shale . Dark and purplish brown shale with a little sandstone of fine texture.. Light greenish gray sandstone of fine texture, some purplish brown shale, and some limestone . White sand, grains from .125 mm. to 25. mm. in diameter, and some limestone . White sand and a little dark gray shale. White sand and a little gray shale . White sand with some purplish grains . Dark greenish gray shale with some organic limestone . Like the preceding, with some white, fine sand . Fine white sand, with some dark, greenish gray shale . White sand . The mechanical analysis of the sand in this sample is as below: Diameter in mm. Per cent. Depth in feet. From. ' To. 2 — 1 1— .5 5— .25 .25—.125 .125—less 0.0 2.6 6.0 84.5 6.9 1,275 1,280 1,285 1,295 1,300 1,305 1,310 1,315 Fine sand (lost in one sample) . Fine white sand . Fine white sand ... The mechanical analysis of the sand in this sample is as below: Diameter in mm. Per cent. 2 — 1 . 0.0 1— .5 . 3.4 .5— .25 . 6.5 .25—.125 70.7 .125—less .. 19.0 Fine white sand .. Yellowish white sand . Black shale, sponge spicules (?) . Yellow sand and limestone, some dark shale and iron filings. Yellow sand, some limestone, dark shale and iron filings. 1,590 1.600 1,605 1,610 1,615 1,280 1,285 1,295 1,300 1,305 1,310 1,315 1,320 1,320 1,330 1,330 1,340 1,345 1,350 1,355 1,360 1,365 1,370 1,375 1,380 1,385 1,390 1,395 •1,400 1,405 1,340 1,345 1,350 1,355 1,360 1,365 1,370 1,375 1,380 1,385 1,390 1,395 1,400 1,405 1,410 1,410 1,415 1,415 1,420 1,435 1,445 1,450 1,455 1,460 1,465 1,470 1,475 1,485 1,490 1,495 1,500 1,420 1,435 1,445 1,450 1,455 1,460 1,465 1,470 1,475 1,485 1,490 1,495 1,500 1,505 1,505 1,510 1,510 1,515 1,520 1,525 1,535 1,540 1,545 1,560 1,515 1,520 1,525 1,535 1,540 1,545 1,560 1,565 1,565 1,580 1,580 1,585 1,585 1,590 1,595 1,605 1.610 1,615 1,620 WELL RECORDS. 77 Description of samples from well No. 1 —Concluded. Depth in feet. From. To. Limestone and some yellow sand . 1,620 1,625 Limestone . 1,625 1,630 Black shale, emitting sulphurous odor when ignited . 1,630 1,640 Black shale filled with petroleum, effervesces with acid . 1,640 1,645 Like the preceding; crinoid joints present .. 1,645 1,650 Dark gray shale and fine-grained sandstone, cremented with calcite... 1,650 1,655 Dark greenish gray shale . 1,655 1,660 Greenish dark gray and black shale. Pyrite noted... 1,660 1,675 Fine white sand with some shale like that in the preceding samples. . 1,675 1,685 24. well no. 1, on Guthrie's farm, sandoyal township, marion COUNTY. Well No. 1 on the Guthrie farm in the SW. ^4 SW. sec. 28, in Sandoval Township, Marion County, was drilled for Mr. M. L. Zahniser. All the samples of the drillings seen by the writer belong either in the Pennsylvanian or the Mississippian. The former extend to a depth of 1,360 feet. Everything below this depth is Mississippian. The eleva¬ tion of the well’s curb is estimated to be 495 feet aboye sea level. Description of samples from well No. 1 on Guthrie farm, Marion County, Illinois. Depth in feet. From. To. Blue boulder clay . 26 30 Boulder clay, washed . 30 40 Drift . 40 50 Micaceous sandy shale . 50 55 Sandstone .. 55 60 Shale . 60 70 Unctuous shale, light bluish . 70 85 Gray micaceous shale . 85 90 Gray micaceous sandy shale . 90 95 Unctuous blue shale . 95 100 Dark gray micaceous shale . 100 105 Bluish gray unctuous shale . 105 130 Sandy fossiliferous sandstone and shale, and gray sandstone with infiltrated lime . 130 135 Dark gray unctuous shale . 135 140 Dark gray stiff shale . 140 150 Sample missing . 150 170 Impure coal and fire clay . 170 175 Greenish gray fire clay . 175 180 Brecciated gray limestone and black shale . 180 185 Gray sandy limestone, with fragments of shells . 185 190 Gray micaceous sandstone and sandy shale . 190 195 Sandy shale . 195 200 Dark gray shale . 200 205 Micaceous sandy shale . 205 230 Shaly sandstone, showing shreds of carbonaceous material. 230 240 Dark gray shale . 240 250 Black coaly shale. (Another sample with same number, but probably coming from below this, consists of gray shale and sandy calcareous rock) . 250 255 Gray sandy micaceous shale and shaly sandstone, filled with inter¬ stitial lime .•. 255 260 Gray clay shale, some limestone and black shale . 260 265 Micaceous sandy shale . 265 270 Gray and white laminated sand . 270 275 Dark stiff shale . 275 290 Dark micaceous shale . 290 300 Dark stiff shale . 300 315 Dark stony shale .like the preceding . 315 340 Gray stiff shale . 340 345 Gray shale . 345 350 Gray and white limestone, with coal and fire clay . 350 355 Fire clay, coal, limestone . 355 360 Fire clay, shale and siderite concretions . 360 365 Sandstone and fire clay . 365 370 Gray sandy shale . 370 375 78 DEEP BORINGS IN ILLINOIS. Description of samples from well No. 1 —Continued. Depth in feet. From. To. Sand and sandy shale . 375 380 Sand containing carbonaceous material. Oily . 380 385 Gray shale, micaceous sand . 385 405 Gray shale . 405 410 Gray sandy shale . 410 415 Gray shale . 415 445 Dark gray shale . 445 460 Black shale “clod,” with small gasteropod, small Athyris umbo, and a crinoid stem, and coal . 460 465 Nodular calcareous sandstone and impure sandstone . 465 470 Dark shale and siderite . 470 480 No sample . 480 485 Black shale . 485 490 No sample . 490 495 Black shale, calcareous rock, and some white limestone . 495 500 Gray sandy shaly material, some white limestone and some black shaly calcareous rock. Fusilina, Chonetes yunctatus, and crinoid stems noted . 500 505 Gray sandstone and dark shale. A few bits of limestone. 505 510 Dark shale and some coal. A few pieces of white limestone . 510 515 Gray sandstone .*. 515 520 . Gray sandy shale, some black shale, and bits of yellowish white limestone. Pyrite noted . 520 525 Black shale . 525 530 No sample . 530 535 Black shale . 535 540 Dark gray and black shale . 540 545 No sample .'.. 545 550 Gray shale . 550 555 Gray micaceous shale . 555 560 Gray micaceous sandstone and a few pieces of coal . 560 565 Gray micaceous shale and bits of siderite. (Second sample with this label) . 560 565 Black shale and coal, with a few pieces of white and dark limestone and pyrite . 565 575 Black shale and a few pieces of coal . 575 580 Gray sandstone, some yellow limestone, and a little shale and pyrite.. 580 585 Gray micaceous sandstone and a little shale. 585 590 Black shale . 590 605 (Second sample, with somewhat same label). Dark shale, a few pieces of yellow limestone and coal . 600 605 Gray micaceous shale and some coal. 605 610 Dark shale . 610 616 Gray micaceous shale . 615 620 Gray shale and yellow, slowly effervescing limestone. Bits of olive green sandstone . 620 625 Dark gray shale . 625 630 Gray shale . 630 640 Gray shale and some black shale . 640 650 Gray shale . 650 655 Gray micaceous shale . 655 660 Gray micaceous sandy shale, some gray micaceous shale, and a few pieces of pyrite . 660 665 Gray micaceous shale . 665 670 No sample . 670 675 Gray shale . 675 680 Gray shale, a little gray sandstone, and concretionary siderite. 680 685 Gray micaceous shale and a few pieces of concretionary siderite. 685 690 Gray micaceous shale . 690 695 Dark shale . 695 700 Gray shale . 700 705 Gray shale, some imprints of leaves . 705 710 Gray micaceous shale and a little sandstone . 710 715 Gray shale. 715 720 Gray shale and some siderite concretions. 720 725 Dark gray shale and some siderite. 725 730 Gray shale . 730 740 Dark gray shale . 740 745 Dark gray shale and some siderite. 745 750 Gray sandy shale and a few small pieces of white limestone. 750 755 Gray sandy shale . 755 760 Dark shale . 760 765 Gray micaceous shale . 765 770 Gray sandy shale . 770 775 Gray micaceous sandy shale . 775 780 Gray micaceous shale, some siderite and black sandy shale. 780 785 Gray micaceous shale . 785 790 Gray sandstone, some coal, some white limestone, pyrite and siderite. . 790 795 Coal, some gray sandstone, some limestone and siderite. 795 800 Gray shale and fire clay, and small pieces of coal and siderite. 800 805 Black shale and some coal . 805 810 WELL RECORDS. 79 Description of samples from well No. 1 —Continued. Depth in feet. From. To. Black micaceous shale . 810 815 Gray shale and coal, with some siderite and pyrite.. . 815 820 Gray shale and some coal, concretionary yellow limestone, and white limestone. Pyrite also noted. 820 825 Fire clay, concretions of siderite, white limestone, black limestone and black shale . 825 830 Green clay shale and pure gray limestone. The shale is filled with spherules of siderite up to .5 mm. in diameter. 830 840 Green shale filled with spherulitic siderite concretions, some sandy pyritiferous shale and some fragments of limestone. 840 845 Some green shale, and much concretionary limestone. Some of the limestone is white and pure, some is in the form of black concre¬ tions with center of calcite, some is a gray rock filled with spherules of siderite, and other small grains of siderite, while some is brownish red and brecciated and contains organic fragments.... 845 850 White sandstone, some shale, and a few fragments of limestone. 850 855 Gray shale and shaly sandstone . 855 860 Like the preceding . 860 865 Sandy shale, some black shale, and some coal. 865 870 Very micaceous white sandstone . 870 875 Micaceous sandy shale. 875 880 Gray micaceous sandstone . 880 885 Shaly gray sand . 885 890 Like the preceding . 890 895 Gray micaceous sand with much pyrite, some of which is interstitial in the sand . 895 900 Sand. (Sample very small). 900 905 Sandy, light gray and shaly rock. 905 910 Like the preceding . 910 915 Samples wanting . 915 930 Dark stony micaceous shale . 930 935 Like the preceding . 935 940 Gray sandstone . 940 945 Sand and black laminated stiff shale. Sample marked: “Salt water in this sand, or Bridgeport sand”. 950 960 Coarse rounded sand, with brownish black grains which effervesce very slowly in acid. Many crinoid stems were noted, which did not effervesce in acid and which had the appearance of consisting of siliceous material . 960 975 Coarse gray sand mixed with siderite fragments and pyrite, and some fire clay . 975 980 Gray sandstone, siderite and fire clay. 980 985 Gray fairly clean sand, showing secondary crystalline enlargement. . 985 990 Gray sand, showing secondary enlargement of grains. 990 1,000 Yellowish gray micaceaus sandstone. Note on label of this sample: “From M. L. Zahniser, Centralia. Ill.”. 1,000 1,005 Gray sand and some limy material . 1,005 1,010 White micaceous sand with some limy material. 1,010 1,015 White micaceous sand . 1,015 1,020 Coarse white sand . 1,020 1,025 Coarse white sand showing secondary enlargement of some grains... 1,025 1,030 Gray sand showing secondary enlargement of some grains. 1,030 1,035 Coarse gray sand (2 samples). 1,035 1,040 Gray sand . 1,040 1,045 Fine gray micaceous sand . 1,045 1,055 Gray sandstone, some pieces showing lamination. Some dark shale.. 1,055 1,060 Gray sandstone, some dark greenish, micaceous shale. Pyrite present 1,060 1,065 Coarse gray sand, some gray shale, a little coal, pyrite and limestone of obscurely spherulitic concretionary structure. 1,065 1,070 Dark shale and some white sandstone, a little coal and bits of siderite. (2 samples) . 1,070 1,075 White sandstone and concretionary siderite, some pyrite and dark shale. A few red conchoidally breaking fragments were noted which were hard and did not effervesce. This sample was labeled “dark sand” by the driller. 1,075 1,080 Gray fire clay of fine texture . 1,080 1,100 Dark gray shale, fine in texture and comparatively soft. 1,100 1,110 Dark gray and black shale . 1,110 1,115 Greenish dark micaceous shale . 1,115 1,130 Greenish black shale of fine texture .. 1,130 1,135 Dark micaceous stiff shale . 1,135 1,145 Dark shale with siderite concretions . 1,145 1,150 Dark shale . 1,150 1,155 Dark greenish shale, with a few minute and iridescent mica scales.. 1,155 1,175 Dark shale, gray fire clay and coarse sand. 1,175 1,180 Gray sand showing secondary crystalline faces on some grains. 1,180 1,195 Dark greenish gray micaceous shale, speckled with minute black frag¬ ments, probably carbonaceous . 1,195 1,200 Gray shale and concretionary siderite. 1,200 1,205 Gray sandstone, coarse, with a white siliceous interstitial cement, and some gray shale and siderite. 1,205 1,210 80 DEEP BORINGS IN ILLINOIS. Description of samples from well Jslo. 1 —Continued. Depth in feet. . From. To. Gray shale and concretionary siderite, with some small pieces of sandstone . 1,210 1,215 Black micaceous shale, some siderite. 1,215 1,220 Gray sandy shale, some sandy shale and a little black shale. 1,220 1,225 Gray micaceous shale . 1,225 1,230 Gray micaceous shale . 1,230 1,235 Greenish gray sandy and micaceous shale. 1,235 1,240 Mostly a brown, apparently fragmental, siderite with the texture of an organic breccia, w*ith white coarse sandstone and gray shale.... 1,240 1,245 Fragmental and granular brownish siderite, white sandstone and gray shale . 1,245 1,250 White sandstone and granular siderite. 1,250 1,255 Laminated, white, pure sand, with granular brown siderite. 1,255 1,265 Yellowish gray sandstone of fine texture . 1,265 1,270 Yellowish gray sand of fine texture, clean. 1,270 1,275 Greenish black shale of very fine texture . . . . .. 1,275 1,290 Greenish dark shale and fine sand. 1,290 1,300 White sandstone, with infiltrated matrix of calcareous material in part, and some shale. Driller’s note: “Sandy lime”. 1,300 1,310 Dark shale and white sandstone with infiltered lime. Driller’s note: “Sandy lime” . 1,310 1,320 Dark shale and a little sandstone with infiltered lime. Bits of pyrite 1,320 1,330 White, somewhat coarse sand and a little dark shale. Pennsylvanian in aspect. A carbonaceous film or shred was seen adhering to a small piece of sandstone. 1,330 1,345 Yellow sand with a few flakes of mica and some dark shale. Driller’s note: “Salt sand.” Pennsylvanian in aspect. 1,345 1,360 No sample . 1,360 1,365 Yellow sand and some gray oolitic limestone . 1,365 1,370 No sample . 1,370 1,385 Gray oolitic limestone. Driller’s note: “Lime”. 1,385 1,395 Gray oolitic limestone . 1,395 1,400 Gray shale with a few bits of pyrite. 1,400 1,410 Dark shale and white sandstone with infiltered lime. Driller’s note: “Sandy lime” . 1,410 1,440 Black shale and some white sandstone with a little infiltered lime.... 1,440 1,445 Black shale and some white sandstone -with infiltered lime. 1,445 1,450 Dark shale, some white limestone and red shale. Driller’s note: “Sandy lime and top of red rock for 30 feet past”. 1,450 1,455 Gray shale and organic white fragmental limestone. In this limestone are pieces of Fenestella, Polypora (?) echinoid spines, fluted and tuberculated, some spicules (?) and fragments of brachiopod shells, and crinoid stems. Some red shale noted. 1,445 1,460 Like the preceding, with echinoid spines. 1,460 1,465 Organic fragmental limestone and dark gray shale. 1,465 1,475 Black shale and organic fragmental limestone. 1,475 1,485 Organic fragmental limestone and some green shale. 1,485 1,490 Organic fragmental limestone and black shale. Some gray sandstone and an Athyris noted . 1,490 1,495 Dark shale. Some limestone and crinoid stems noted. 1,495 1,500 Dark and red shale, with some calcareous material. 1,500 1,505 Dark green shale . 1,505 1,510 Bluish black shale . 1,510 1,515 Gray shale and reddish yellow shale with considerable calcareous material .'. . 1,515 1,525 Greenish black and brownish black shale of fine texture. 1,525 1,530 Brownish red shale, with a yellowish streak . 1,530 1,535 Brownish red shale, and dark greenish gray shale . 1,535 1,540 Brownish and greenish gray shale. Driller’s note: “Red rock in all 1,530 to 1,547 feet” . 1,540 1,550 Greenish gray shale . 1,550 1,560 On the cover of this sample is written: “Top of lime 1,560 feet. Cased here.” The sample consists of a grayish white shell breccia, which consists of small and thin shell fragments lying more or less flat in the same plane, showing small Athyris valves—and shells of other brachiopods, and crinoid stems . 1,560 .... Greenish sandy shale or shaly sand, with some red shale, and some white sandstone of fine texture. Brachiopod spines noted. 1,560 1,570 Dark greenish sand of very fine texture with some white fine sand. Pyrite noted. On cover of sample is the note: “Top of Benoist, or oil sand” . 1,570 1,575 Dark green sand of very fine texture., with some shale of the same color. Pyrite, white sandstone, with limestone and spines and shells of brachiopod noted. Labeled: “Benoist sand”. 1,575 1,580 White sand with grains of about .125 mm. in diameter. Driller’s note: “Oil sand” . 1,580 1,585 Greenish gray sand and sandy shale, some of which shows incipient fissures along which oxidation has taken place and the material has assumed a red color. Some of the shale is red. Crinoid stems and fragments of brachiopod shells noted. Sample marked: “Benoist or oil sand” . 1,585 1,600 WELL RECORDS. 81 Description of samples from well No. 1 —Concluded. Depth in feet. From. To. Siliceous white gray and green sandstone of very fine texture. Size of grains in this as in previous two samples about .06 mm. in diameter. Some dark gray, greenish gray and red shale. Some sandy shale was noted with joints of oxidized red material inter¬ secting the green. This rock shows thin laminations.!. 1,600 1,605 Greenish gray, gray, and dark brown sandstone of very fine texture. This rock is laminated, showing bright green layers alternating with gray, brown and red layers. The laminae are from .06 mm. to .5 mm. in thickness and more, and are quite straight. On the cover of the sample is the note: “Bottom of oil or Benoist sand”. 1,605 1,610 Light gray sand, slightly micaceous and apparently slightly coarser than the preceding; some dark sandy shale and some dark brown shale . 1,610 1,615 Gray sand coarser than the above and ground up into separate grains. These average about .16 mm. in diameter. On cover of sample is the note: “Salt water sand”. 1,615 1,625 25. WELL NO. 1, ON OPPENLANDER'S FARM, ASHLEY TOWNSHIP, WASHINGTON COUNTY. This well was drilled for the Ohio Oil Company in the Oppenlander farm in sec. 16, T. 2 S., R. 1 W., in Ashley Township, Washington County. Its curb is at an estimated elevation of 540 feet above sea level. The material penetrated to a depth of 1,045 feet is evidently Pleistocene and Pennsylvanian. All below this depth is Chester. Description of samples from well No. 1, Oppenlander's farm, Washington County, Illinois. Depth in feet. From. To. Loess . 1 25 Boulder clay . 25 46 Gray micaceous shale . 46 55 Black shale, “clod,” coal and fire clay . 55 60 Limestone, fragmental ,with bryozoa, crinoid stems, black shale, coal and gray shale . 60 75 Organic fragmental limestone, with crinoid stems, Rhombopora lepiden- droides and Fusulina. All specimens of Fusulina were undersized. . . 95 107 Gray sandy shale, with some fragments of coal. 107 122 Gray shale and crinoidal limestone, with a Rhombopora , and a small lamellibranch in pyrite . 122 140 Gray shale and much clay ironstone.,. 140 148 Gray micaceous shale and some white limestone . 148 156 Dark gray micaceous shale . 156 164 Dark gray shale . 164 175 Gray limestone containing crinoid stems and spines, Rhombopora lepidodendroides, Phonetes, sp. .. 175 181 Black shale and coal . 181 196 Light gray sandstone of fine texture, with some concretionary calcite. . 196 207 Sand and sandy light gray shale, much clay ironstone, and a few large pieces of coal . 207 212 Gray micaceous shale . 212 220 Gray micaceous fine sand and gray sandy shale, with clay ironstone.. 220 225 Very dark gray micaceous and sandy shale, with clay ironstone. 225 237 Black shale of fine texture. 237 245 Dark grajr shale of fine texture . 245 252 Dark shale of fine texture . 252 260 Gray sandstone of fine texture, with some little bone coal . 260 265 Gray micaceous sandstone of fine texture, with clay ironstone. 265 272 Gray micaceous sandstone of fine texture . 272 280 Gray micaceous sandstone and sandy shale . 280 285 Gray micaceous sandstone . 285 310 Gray sandstone, with embedded shreds of vegetation . 310 330 Gray sandstone . 330 ... Dark gray shale, “clod,” with crinoid stems, pyrite and some little coal . 345 358 Black shale, “clod” and coal, some red shale . 358 365 Gray shale, dark gray shale and gray fine sand . 365 372 Dark gray micaceous shale, with octahedral pyrite . 372 380 —6 G 82 DEEP BORINGS IN ILLINOIS. Description of samples from well No. 1 —Continued. Depth in feet. From. To. Dark gray micaceous shale . 380 387 Like the preceding . 387 395 Light gray micaceous sandstone . 395 402 Dark gray shale . 402 408 Dark gray shale . 408 415 Gray shale . 415 422 Dark shale, micaceous . 422 430 Dark micaceous shale . 430 437 Dark stiff shale . 437 450 Black shale and gray shale . 450 458 Black stiff shale and gray shale . 458 470 Gray sandy shale, some fire clay, and some coaly shale. 470 483 Dark shale, red ochreous shale, and red shaly sandstone . 483 495 White limestone; crinoid stems noted . 495 502 Green shale, gray shale and fire clay containing small spherules of manganese (?) . 502 507 Green shale, red shale, fire clay, limestone fragments and fragments of black coaly shale . 507 515 Micaceous shale and micaceous gray sandstone . 515 523 Micaceous and sandy greenish gray shale . 523 530 Micaceous gray shale . 530 537 Gray, fairly coarse micaceous sand. 537 545 Like the preceding ... 545 555 Like the preceding . 555 562 Like the preceding . 562 571 Like the preceding . 571 579 Like the preceding . 579 585 Like the preceding . 585 592 Like the preceding . 592 600 Yellowish brown sand . 600 607 Like the preceding . 607 611 Gray sandstone . 611 617 Gray sandstone of fine texture . 617 624 Gray sandstone of fine texture . 624 631 Gray shaly sand . 631 639 Gray fine sand . 639 645 Like the preceding . 645 652 Gray sand . 652 660 Gray sandstone . 660 667 Gray sandstone . 667 674 Gray sand . 674 680 Gray sand . 680 686 Almost white sand . 686 692 Like the preceding . 69 2 698 Like the preceding . 698 708 Like the preceding . 708 714 Like the preceding .•. 714 721 Gray sand . 721 728 Gray sand . 728 737 Gray sand . 737 743 Sand. With this is some black bituminous (?) material and some coal, some of which has evidently been partly burned. Probably all the coal is an accidental admixture . 743 747 Gray shaly sandstone . 747 755 Gray sandy shale . 755 761 Gray sandstone of fine texture . 761 768 Gray shale of fine texture . 768 775 Gray shale . 775 782 Gray shale . 782 790 Gray shale . 790 795 Gray shale, and some red shale . 795 801 Dark gray shale of fine texture. 801 807 Like the preceding, with some red shale . 807 813 Shale, fire clay and coal . 813 820 Dark gray shale of fine texture . 820 826 Dark shale of fine textuie and fire clay . 826 833 Black clay shale, impure coal and “clod” . 833 839 Dark shale, fire clay and concretionary material . 839 845 Like the preceding . 845 851 Dark gray and light gray laminated micaceous shale . 851 858 Dark gray, almost black micaceous shale . 858 864 Black stiff shale . 864 870 Like the preceding . 870 876 Black and gray stiff micaceous shale . 87 6 882 Dark stiff micaceous shale . 882 888 Like the preceding . 888 894 Dark stiff shale .. 894 900 Like the preceding . 900 907 Gray micaceous sandstone . 917 914 Gray micaceous sandstone . . . .. 914 920 Gray micaceous sandstone . 920 926 WELL RECORDS. 83 Description of samples from well No. 1 —Continued. Depth in feet. From. To. Gray micaceous sand and dark gray shale . 926 933 Medium coarse gray sand with secondary facets . 933 939 Like the preceding . 939 945 Like the preceding . 945 951 Like the preceding . 951 957 Yellowish gray medium coarse sand, .25 mm. to 1 mm. in diameter, with secondary facets . 957 964 Like the preceding . 964 97U Like the preceding . 970 975 Yellowish gray sand with a few fragments of coal . 975 981 Yellowish gray sand . 981 989 Brownish gray sand . 989 995 Brownish gray sand, with some grains exceeding one mm. in diameter 995 1,000 Brownish gray sand like the preceding . 1,000 1,005 Like the preceding . 1,005 1,010 Almost white sand, fine grained . 1,010 1,015 Like the preceding . 1,015 1,021 Like the preceding . 1,021 1,026 Gray sand, with some brown fragments of sandstone . 1,026 1,033 Gray, pink and brown sandstone of fine texture. 1,033 1,038 Like the preceding, but finer . 1,038 1,044 Red shale and some blue shale, of fine texture, like the Chester shales. 1,044 1,049 Like the preceding . 1,044 1,049 Black shale, red shale and gray shale of fine texture . 1,054 1,060 Black shale . 1,060 1,065 Fine gray sand, with some red shale, some black shale and some pink sandstone . 1,065 1,070 Like the preceding . 1,070 1,075 Like the preceding . 1,075 1,081 Fine, light gray sand, grains mostly less than .25 mm. in diameter, with some pink sandstone . 1,081 1,087 Like the preceding . 1,087 1,093 Like the preceding . 1,093 1,100 Like the preceding, but darker . 1,100 1,106 Fine, gray sand, with some coarse sand grains, some little black shale and some dark gray fragmental limestone . 1,106 1,112 Gray marly shale . 1,112 1,117 Gray marly shale . 1,117 1,122 Gray marly shale . 1,122 1,126 Gray marly shale. Note on sample sack : “Some cave in these sam¬ ples up here” . 1,126 1,131 Like the preceding . 1,131 1,135 Like the preceding . 1,135 1,140 Shaly lime rock, mostly black, also dark brown, bluish black, and gray 1,140 1,146 Dark bluish black calcareous shale and a little limestone. 1,146 1,152 Bluish black and reddish dark brown shale. 1,152 1,158 Bluish black and dark brown shale, with pink satin spar (calcite) fragments, that evidently are from layers about one-eighth of an inch in thickness. The fibrous structure is vertical to the fragments of the layer . 1,158 1,164 Dai’k gray, almost black, shale, with some dark red fragments. Satin spar (calcite), as in the preceding . 1,164 1,170- Like the preceding . 1,170 1,176 Like the preceding . 1,176 1,182 Like the preceding . 1,182 1,188 Bluish black shale with some fragments of gray fine grained sand¬ stone . 1,188 1,194 Like the preceding . 1,194 1,199 Like the preceding . 1,199 1,204 Like the preceding . 1,204 1,209 Mostly black shale with a few fragments of white sandstone. 1,209 1,214 Like the preceding . 1,214 1,219 Fine gray sand . 1,219 1,225 Like the preceding . 1,225 1,230 Like the preceding . 1,230 1,235 Fine gray sand with some black shale. 1,235 1,241 Like the preceding . 1,241 1,247 Like the preceding . 1,247 1,253 Fine gray sand with some dark gray, some dark green, and some dark red, shale. 1,253 1,258 Like the preceding . 1,258 1,264 Like the preceding . 1,264 1,269 Moderately coarse gray sandstone, with almost black shale, splitting into thin narrow splinters. 1,269 1,275 Like the preceding . 1,275 1,280 Gray, organic fragmental limestone, crinoid joints noted. 1,280 1,285 Like the preceding . 1,285 1,290 Like the preceding . 1,290 1,295 Like the preceding . 1,295 1,300 Like the preceding . 1,300 1,305 84 DEEP BOEINGS IN ILLINOIS. Description of samples from well No. 1 —Concluded. Depth in feet. From. To. Like the preceding . 1,305 1,310 Like the preceding . 1,310 1,315 Greenish gray shale with scattered minute black shreds of vegetation 1,315 1,320 Greenish gray shale . 1,320 1,325 Greenish gray and red shale . 1,325 1,330 Greenish gray and red shale . 1,330 1,336 Like the preceding . 1,336 i;340 Like the preceding . 1,340 1,345 Greenish, gray, dark bluish gray and dark purple brown shale. 1,345 1,350 Dark gray shale and red shale, with gray oolitic limestone. 1,350 1,355 Dark greenish gray shale, red shale and organic fragmental gray limestone . 1,355 1,361 Like the preceding . 1,361 1,366 Gray organic fragmental limestone, dark gray shale and red shale... 1,366 1,371 Like the preceding . 1,371 1,376 Like the preceding . 1,376 1,381 Like the preceding . 1,381 1,386 Gray shale . 1,386 1,391 Gray crinoidal limestone and dark gray shale. 1,391 1,396 Like the preceding . 1,396 1,401 Crinoidal and oolitic gray limestone and dark gray shale. 1,401 1,406 Gray limestone and shale. Terebratula noted .' 1,406 1,411 Gray and red marly shales . 1,411 1,414 Like the preceding . 1,414 1,419 Like the preceding . 1,419 1,424 Like the preceding . 1,424 1,429 Missing . 1,429 1,434 Gray and red marly shales. 1,434 1,440 Like the preceding . 1,440 1,445 Dark gray limestone, dark gray shale and red shale..•. 1,445 1,450 Like the preceding . 1,450 1,455 Gray crinoidal limestone and some dark gray shale. 1,455 1,460 Gray limestone of fine texture with some crinoid joints embedded.... 1,460 1,465 Like the preceding . 1,465 1,470 Gray limestone of compact texture with some fine sand. 1,470 1,475 Dark, almost black shale, and some red and gray shale. 1,475 1,480 Black and grayish black shale. 1,480 1,485 Greenish black or gray shale, marly. 1,485 1,490 Like the preceding . 1,490 1,495 Red shale and dark greenish gray shale. 1,495 1,500 Like the preceding . 1,500 1,505 Dark gray shale . 1,505 1,510 Dark gray shale . 1,510 1,515 Brown shale and gray and yellow stony shale. 1,515 1,520 Like the preceding . 1,520 1,525 Greenish gray sandy shale, or sandstone, dark gray shale and some red shale . 1,525 1,530 Gray sandstone of fine texture, black shale and brown shale. 1,530 1,535 Gray sandstone of fine texture, with some dark shale. 1,535 1,540 Like the preceding . 1,540 1,545 Yellowish gray fine grained sandstone. 1,545 1,550 Like the preceding . 1,550 1,555 Like the preceding . 1,555 1,560 Brown sand, coarser than the preceding. 1,560 1,565 Like the preceding . 1,565 1,570 Greenish gray and red marly shale . 1,570 1,575 Dark almost black shale and greenish gray calcareous shale. 1,575 1,580 Like the preceding . 1,585 1,587 Like the preceding . 1,587 1,592 Like the preceding . 1,592 1,596 Like the preceding . 1,596 1,600 Black shale and crinoidal, organic fragmental limestone showing specks of intense green . 1,600 1,605 Like the preceding . 1,605 1,610 Like the preceding . 1,610 1,615 Like the preceding . 1,615 1,620 Missing . 1,620 1,625 White organic fragmental (crinoidal) limestone and black greenish gray, and red shale . 1,625 1,630 Red, gray and green shale, and white crinoidal limestone. 1,630 1,635 White crinoidal limestone, showing occasional green fragments.. 1,635 1,640 Brownish red quartz sand of fine texture . 1,640 1,645 Gray sandstone, limestone and dark shale . 1,645 1,650 Brownish sand of fine texture . 1,650 1,655 Brownish gray sand of fine texture . 1,655 1,660 Light gray fine sand . 1,660 1,665 Pinkish brown fine sand . 1,665 1,670 Like the preceding . 1,670 1,675 Gray fine sand . 1,675 1,679 Like the preceding . 1,679 1,687 WELL RECORDS. 85 26. WELL OF ILLINOIS CENTRAL COAL AND SALT COMPANY, ST. JOHNS, PERRY COUNTY. This well is one of the deepest drillings made in the State. Prof. Frank Leverett has published the driller’s record of this well on pages 772-773, Monograph 38 of the United States Geological Survey. Some additional descriptions of the rocks penetrated by the drill can now be given, especially from the deeper part of the section which seems to be least detailed in Leverett’s report. Nineteen samples were lately given to the writer by Dr. Stuart Weller. These consisted of the following: Description of samples from well at St. Johns, Illinois. Depth in feet. Bluish gray limestone with bryozoa, Pentremites, crinoid stems, Athyris.... 1,107 Dark red shale . 1,111 Two samples of gray sandstone, one with a slight amount of calcareous cement. Between 1,190 and. 1,280 Three fragments of blue shale showing several bryozoa, among which were some Archimedes ./.,. . 1,290 An organic calcareous breccia, in which green clay was present between some of the fragments ... 1,305 Mostly fairly clear fragments of calcite crystals. 2,271 Green unctuous shale (about) . 3,000 Very dark greenish shale, black when wet, laminated. 3,001 Black shale, bituminous, broken into small and slender quadrangular pris- moids. 3,087 to. 3,099 Greenish black shale, splitting into thin long and slender fragments. In some fragments are thin round minute flakes of brown or yellow calcareous material, lying flat with the bedding planes . 3,100 Black shale with much translucent brown bituminous material in flakes of irregular forms. When heated it emits distinctly bituminous odor, with white fumes. It is apparently identical with the shale in sample taken at 3,087-3,099. The sample contains some rounded oval quartz (?) grains, about .16 mm. in diameter. From 3.099 to. 3,102 Dolomitic, fine-grained, straw-colored limestone, cherty. 3,127 Dolomitic limestone, with much chert, straw to white in color. 3,300 Dolomitic limestone, straw-colored and much gray chert of fine texture. . . . 3,380 Slightly dolomitic yellow limestone, fine 'textured, with much dense chert. . . 3,525 Gray calcareous limestone with some some crystalline calcite and some fine-textured bluish green, shale-like limestone, effervescing slowly with acid . 3,350 During the progress of the drilling in 1897, Mr. John Forester, who superintended the work, was in correspondence with Dr. C. H. Crantz, Curator of the Illinois State Museum of Natural History, in Springfield. Several small samples of cuttings were submitted to Dr. Crantz for exam¬ ination. This correspondence, and some of the samples were loaned to the writer for further examination in 1909, and the following observa¬ tions were made: Description of samples from well at St. Johns, Illinois. Light gray, almost white, limestone, which effervesces briskly in acid. Also many fragments of crystalline calcite. The depth at which this sample was taken is not noted in the letter with which it was enclosed, but judging from the date of the letter, Sept. 27, 1898, it was from some¬ where near . Yellowish light gray limestone, effervescing briskly in acid. Spoken of in letter dated Oct. 7, 1897, as coming from the “top of the rock we are now in.” Somewhere about .(?) 2,300 Dark gray limestone, effervescing moderately slowly in acid, and contain¬ ing scattered minute black specks, visible under the microscope. The rock is of microscopic crystalline structure. The accompanying letter dated November 15, contains the note: “We have been in the Trenton for the last 400-500 feet.” Depth is given as. 2,500 Depth in feet. ( ?) 2,200 86 DEEP BORINGS IN ILLINOIS. Description of samples from Well at St. Johns —Concluded. Depth in feet. Dark gray dolomitic limestone, with minute black specks, which in two fragments appeared as parallel black needles. Under a ^4-inch objective these specks appeared as large as the dot in the letter i. One green grain was noted. Forwarded in letter dated Nov. 29, 1897. Depth. 2,540 A limestone like the preceding sample in every particular. Sample in a letter dated Dec. 22. 1897. Depth. 2,550 From letters written by J. Forester to several parties the following items have been obtained: “Light-gray limerock extended from 3,001 to 3,063 feet. This rock was harder at depths of from 3,026 to 3,057, than elsewhere. There was a light green shale at from 3,063 to 3,085 feet. A dark gray limerock was penetrated at from 3,085 to 3,087 feet. This is said to have been hard to cut. Black sand is mentioned as having been found at depths of from 3,099 to 3,102 feet. In a letter written Jan. 27, 1899, when drilling was going on at 3 ; 400 feet below the surface, Mr. Forester says that There was more than 200 feet of limestone above this level. Above this limestone there was shale/ 99 An interpretation of the record of this well must be doubtful. There ' can be no question that the first 490 feet are in the Pennsylvanian sedi¬ ments, nor is there any doubt that the strata from 1,000 to 1,600 feet belong to the Chester. The well is near a region where the Devonian series is known to be more than a thousand feet thick. Taking all these things into consideration, the present writer would make the following interpretation: Interpretation of record of well at St. Johns , Illinois. Thickness in feet. From. To. Pennsylvanian or Pottsville . 0 491) Chester, including unknown overlying beds. 490 1,595 St. Louis . 1,595 1,940 Warsaw . 1,940 2,095 Burlington and Kinderhook . 2,095 2,300 Devonian and Niagaran, the latter probably in small thickness. 2,300 3,053 Cincinnatian . 3,053 3,153 Galena and Trenton . .*.... 3,153 3,600 With this interpretation the limestones are Ordovician. The crevice yielding salt water at 2,275 feet below the surface is in the lower part of the Burlington limestone, where a water-bearing cavernous rock is common in the central part of the State. The sand reported in the drillings from this depth may possibly be finely comminuted chert. The relationship of the limestones, shales, and sandstones from 500 to 1,000 feet below the surface is problematic. They are probably Mississippian. As this locality is near the central region of a structural basin, differen¬ tial sinking might account for the prolonged continuation of sedimenta¬ tion in the Mississippian sea in this region. I WELL RECORDS. 87 27. WELL NO. 1, ON THE L. GALLAGHER FARM, PERRY COUNTY. This well drilled for the Mid Valley Oil Company is in the SE. % NW. % sec. 17, T. 6 S., R. 3 W., Perry County. The elevation at its curb is estimated to be 450 feet above sea level. A study of the samples obtained during the drilling shows that the Chester series begins at a depth of 740 feet. Description of samples from well on the Gallagher farm. Depth in feet. From. To. Yellow loess . 1 6 Surface clay (yellow) and some sand grains . 6 15 No sample . 15 24 Drift, sand and pebbles and a little dark shale . 24 32 Yellow loess and other drift . 32 4b Sand, coal fragments and drift pebbles . 40 48 Gray micaceous sandstone and drift pebbles . 48 58 Gray shale, siderite, black shale, gray limestone, drift pebbles and chert . 58 67 Sand, siderite, and drift pebbles . 67 74 Gray shale, weathered and containing some calcareous material. 74 84 Black limestone . 84 87 Black slaty shale, highly bituminous and some coal . 87 92 Black shale, with some limestone, some sandstone and some fire clay. . 92 98 Gray sandstone, yellow concretionary limestone, black shale and mineral charcoal . 98 105 Dark gray micaceous shale . 105 114 Gray sandy micaceous shale, showing dark and light laminae and gray sandstone with embedded yellow spherules of siderite. 114 12Q Gray, white and yellow sandstone, dark gray sandy shale, and some white and yellow sandstone. Some of the sandstone contains shreds of carbonaceous material and some contain spherules of siderite... 120 127 Black shale, very bituminous, waxy to the knife, and a dark gray, coarse, organic, brecciated limestone . 127 135 Black shale, “clod,” containing a small tuberculated gasteropod and fragments of other fossils, coal and fire clay . 135 143 Coal and fire clay . 143 149 Coal and fire clay . 149 153 Gray micaceous sandstone and some fire clay . 153 160 White micaceous sandstone . 160 166 Gray sandstone with embedded spherules of siderite . 166 172 Gray clay shale, gray sandstone, siderite, pyrite and some limestone.. 172 178 Gray sandy shale, black shale, limestone, concretionary siderite and pyrite . 178 184 Gray shale and fire clay, coal, black shale, and pyrite . 184 190- Black shale, gray fire clay, coal, pyrite and some limestone. 190 196. Black shale, coal, organic calcareous fragments, woody tissue, pyrite and fire clay . 196 202: Sandy shale, gray, and some greenish gray shale . 202 206 Gray shale, some coal and limestone . 206 212 Gray shale, black shale, coal, siderite and limestone. 212 218 Gray sandstone, gray shale, black shale, coal and pyrite . 218 224 Dark and black shale, gray sandstone, concretionary siderite, carbon¬ aceous woody tissue and pyrite . 224 230 Black shale, gray sandstone, siderite, fragments of red, brown and yellow limestone . 230 236 Yellowish gray limestone, gray shale, gray sandy shale, bright red rock fragments, and sandstone . 23 6 242 Dark gray sandstone, soft, and of fine texture . 242 248 Gray sandy shale, siderite, pyrite, and some white calcareous frag¬ ments . 248 254 Gray shale, with some siderite and pyrite . 254 260 Gray shale, gray sandstone with carbonaceous fragments, some frag¬ ments of red rock, some limestone and pyrite. 260 272 Coal, siderite, fire clay and pyrite . 272 278 Black shale containing laminae of coal, white and gray limestone, with crinoid stems, and a small tuberculated gasteropod. Pyritized woody tissue, some bright red rock, and some siderite. 278 284 Pyrite, black shale, pyritized woody tissue, siderite, some calcite and some limestone . 284 290 Gray limestone, concretionary siderite, and pyrite . 290 295 Gray micaceous shale, some gray sandstone with carbonaceous shreds and some siderite . 295 301 Dark micaceous shale with some fragments of calcareous material. . . . 301 806 Gray sandstone and gray shale . 306 312 88 DEEP BORINGS IN ILLINOIS. Description of samples from well on the Gallagher farm —Continued. Depth in feet. From. To. White micaceous laminated sandstone with some shale . 312 318 White sand . 318 334 Gray sandstone, red sandstone, siderite, black shale, pyrite, spherules of siderite, and limestone . 334 340 White sandstone and some shale . 340 346 Coarse white sand . 346 352 Micaceous white sandstone, coarse, with a few fragments of limestone, pyrite and siderite . 352 358 White sand . 358 370 White sandstone, fairly coarse . 370 376 White micaceous sand . 376 384 Light gray sandstone . 384 390 White micaceous sand . 390 396 Gray sand and shale . 396 401 White sandstone, some shale and calcareous material . 401 404 Light, dark gray, and a little brown shale and fine sandstone . 404 407 Fine, white, micaceous sandstone . 407 410 Coarse white sand . 410 415 Sandstone, laminated, white, micaceous. A pebble of quartz about one-eighth inch noted . 415 420 Fine white micaceous sandstone . 420 425 Gray micaceous sand . 425 430 Gray sand . 430 435 ■Coarse sand of many well rounded grains . 435 440 White and gray sandstone of coarse rounded grains with infiltrated carbonate of lime and some small pieces of shale . 440 445 Coarse gray micaceous sand and a little dark shale . 445 450 White sand . 455 461 Coarse white sandstone and a little pyrite . 461 466 White micaceous sandstone . 466 472 White sandstone . 472 484 White micaceous sand . 484 490 White sand . 490 508 Pure white sand . 508 51* White sand . 514 520 Coarse white sand . 520 525 Gray calcareous sandstone of fine texture . 525 528 Mostly dark gray and black shale, some sandstone and quartz grains.. 530 535 Sandstone, limestone, pyrite and shale . 535 540 Dark shale, white sandstone, and a little limestone. 540 546 Gray and red sandstone, gray shale, and pyrite . 546 552 White micaceous sandstone and some gray shale . 552 558 White sandstone, fairly coarse . 558 564 Gray micaceous sand, and a little dark shale . 564 569 White sandstone and a little red shale. Sand grains with secondary crystal faces . 569 574 Pink, purple, brown, yellow and white sandstone. 574 580 White, gray, dark, pink, and brown sandstone . 580 585 White quartz sand . 585 590 White sand with secondary crystallization . 590 596 White sandstone and a little gray shale . 596 602 White sand with some grains showing secondary growth . 602 608 Clean white sand . 608 614 Pure white sand showing secondary crystallization . 614 620 White sandstone and a few grains of coal . 620 625 W r hite and fine grained sandstone, pyrite, a little coal and shale. 625 630 Limestone, black and white shale, fine sand and quartz crystals. 630 635 Gray micaceous sand and a little gray shale . 635 640 Fine-grained quartz sand, some black shale and fragments of limestone 640 645 Gray sand . 645 650 Gray, micaceous and fairly coarse sand and a little shale and some limestone . 650 655 White sandstone with dark laminae, fragments of coal, some shale, fragments of siderite concretions, some pyrite and some red grains. . 655 660 White sandstone . 660 665 Gray micaceous sand, some limestone, and some gray shale . 665 670 Gray sandstone, pink sandstone and dark gray shale . 670 675 Gray calcareous sandstone showing minute shreds of vegetation and pyrite . 675 680 Dark limestone and shale, some calcite, pyrite, a little white lime¬ stone. Brachiopod spine noted . 680 685 Gray shale with some fragments of limestone and pyrite . 685 690 Bluish black shale and organic fragmental limestone. 690 695 Gray calcareous sandstone, dark gray shale, some fragments of black bituminous material, some gray limestone and pyrite . 695 700 Gray, red and white sandstone, gray and black shale, and some lime¬ stone. Aspect: Pottsville . 700 705 Gray sandstone, dark shale, some red, green and brown fragments of limestone and a little pyrite . 705 710 Gray sandstone and dark shale . 710 715 WELL RECORDS. 89 Description of samples from well on the Gallagher farm —Continued. Depth in feet. From. To. Gray micaceous sandstone and some black shale . 715 720 Gray sandstone, black shale, some coal, some petrified wood and some pyrite . 720 723 Gray laminated sandstone of fine texture . 723 727 Laminated dark gray sandstone and fragments of pyrite . 727 7 32 Gray sandstone, showing carbonaceous shreds and layers. 732 738 Greenish black shale and a few fragments of red shale . 738 744 Brown and bluish dark shale, some pyrite and some fragments of white sandstone . 744 751 Black shale, brown shale, and greenish gray shale . 751 757 Organic fragmental limestone and dark gray shale . 757 763 Black shale and red shale, and much organic limestone, and some oolitic limestone. A bryozoan noted . 763 770 Bluish gray shale . 770 776 Dark gray shale of fine texture . 776 782 Mostly gray organic fragmental limestone. Some light gray shale. A separate sample labeled 784-785 is also oolitic . 782 786 Gray organic fragmental limestone and some dark shale. 786 792 Red shale, some greenish, fine-grained sandstone, some black shale, and some limestone . 792 798 Gray shaly limestone . 798 804 White limestone, dark shale, and some fragments of sandstone. 804 809 Dark bluish shale and gray organic fragmental limestone. 809 812 Gray organic fragmental limestone and some gray shale. 812 815 Black shale, dark gray shale and organic fragmental limestone. 815 821 Gray shale and organic fragmental gray limestone. 821 827 Organic fragmental limestone and some dark shale. Spines of brachiopods noted . 827 832 Gray shale of fine texture, and some gray limestone. 832 838 Mostly black shale splitting into thin fragments. A very few quartz grains noted. Also some white limestone and a few fragments of red calcareous rock . 838 844 Dark bluish gray shale and organic fragmental limestone. 844 850 Gray shale . 850 856 Gray shale with embedded shells and some organic fragmental lime¬ stone . 856 862 Dark gray shale and a little limestone. 862 868 Greenish gray shale and organic fragmental limestone. 868 874 Dark gray shale with a valve of a brachiopod. 874 880 Shale,-sandstone and soft clay shale. 880 885 Dark gray shale . 885 890 Dark gray, fine grained shale and a little limestone. 890 895 Black shale . 895 900 Black or dark shale, splitting into thin fragments. Pyrite noted. A few fragments of limestone . 900 906 Black shale and some gray organic limestone . 906 912 Like the preceding . 912 918 Dark bluish gray shale, white, fine grained, and some gray limestone. . 918 924 Like the preceding . 924 927 Black shale . 927 930 Gray fine grained sand and a few pieces of shale. 930 935 White sand of very fine texture . 935 940 Quartz sand of fine texture, some black and some gray shale. 940 945 Shale and oolitic limestone . 945 950 Greenish black shale of fine and uniform texture. 950 955 Dark shale of uniform and fine texture, with some limestone. 955 957 Dark gray shale of fine and uniform texture. 957 960 Bluish dark gray shale . 960 965 Gray organic fragmental and oolitic limestone. 965 970 Gray organic fragmental limestone and dark gray marly shale. 970 975 'Oolitic limestone and gray shale. 975 980 Limestone and shale, black and gray. Crinoid joints noted. 980 985 Gray limestone and dark shale in about equal quantities. One frag¬ ment of lobster-red rock . 985 990 Gray shale and oolitic limestone in about equal quantities. 990 995 Organic fragmental limestone and some shale . 995 1,000 Organic fragmental and oolitic limestone and gray, stony and marly shale . 1,000 1,003 Gray organic fragmental limestone and gray marly shale. Crinoid joints and fluted echinoid spines noted . 1,003 1,006 Dark gray shale and organic fragmental limestone. 1,006 1,009 Dark shale, limestone and occasional fragments of chert. 1,009 1,012 Organic fragmental limestone, gray shale and some sand. 1,012 1,015 Gray and white limestone, dark shale, and fragments of coal. 1,015 1,020 Black shale and oolitic limestone. Some joints of crinoid stems and pieces of Athyris (?) valves noted . 1,020 1,025 Gray limestone and dark gray shale. 1,025 1,030 Gray organic fragmental limestone . 1,030 1,035 Dark bluish gray shale, and organic fragmental limestone. 1,035 1,037 Red shale and green shale, and a few fragments of oolitic limestone.. 1,037 1,043 90 DEEP BORINGS IN ILLINOIS. Description of samples from well on the Gallagher farm —Concluded. Depth in feet- From. To. Red shale, greenish shale, and some white limestone. 1,043 1,048 Red shale and gray marly shale . 1,048 1,054 Red shale and oolitic limestone and some dark shale. 1,054 1,060 Black shale with some pieces of red shale and some fragments of coal, pyrite present . 1,060 1,070 Black shale and dark fragmental limestone, with a small Spirifer. Some red shale . 1,070 1,075 Dark gray calcareous shale, with crinoid stem joints and other organic fragments . 1,075 1,080 Dark gray and black shale, some gray shale, and white oolitic lime¬ stone, which contains bryozoa, crinoid joints, etc. 1,080 1,085 White oolitic limestone having coarse organic fragments and black and dark gray shale ... 1,085 1,090 White oolitic limestone, with large incrusted organic fragments and some black shale . 1,090 1,095 Grayish white oolitic limestone, containing joints of crinoids stems and other organic fragments and some black shale. 1,095 l,10fr A dark gray shale in which are imbedded small calcareous organic fragments. Bryozoa noted . 1,100 1,105 Like the preceding . 1,105 1,110 Black shale and some shale like that in the preceding. 1,110 1,115 Some black shale and some gray shale with embedded minute cal¬ careous fragments . 1,115 1,121 Dark gray shale . 1,121 1,127 Gray limestone with brachiopods and a Fistulipora, and some dark gray shale . 1,127 1,134 Dark gray shale and some gray organic limestone. Some of the dark gray shale shows thin interrupted foliations of coal. 1,134 1,140 Dark shale and organic fragmental white limestone. A number of the fragments consisted of a shale which was itself made up of minute lumps of greenish and gray shale, small fragments of organic cal¬ careous material and shreds of vegetation changed to coal. Some impressions of leaves also seen . 1,145 1,152 Gray shale and organic calcareous fragments with impressions of brachiopods . 1,145 1,152 Gray shale and fragments of organic limestone. Archimedes and crinoid stems noted . 1,152 1,158 Shaly oolitic gray limestone. Dielasma, several bryozoa, and joints of crinoid stems noted . 1,158 1,163 Gray shale and light gray organic fragmental limestone. 1,163 1,168 Dark gray shale . 1,168 1,171 Dark gray shale. Some of the shale contains embedded shreds of vegetation . 1,171 1,175 Dark gray shale of fine texture . 1,175 1,180 Gray shale with bryozoa and a distorted Athyris . 1,180 1,185 Like the preceding . 1,185 1,190 Dark gray shale and gray limestone of very fine texture. 1,190 1,195 Dark, greenish gray shale of very fine texture. 1,195 1.198 28. WELL OF THE DUQUOIN LAND AND FARMING COMPANY, NEAR DUQUOIN, PERRY COUNTY. In August, 1910, some samples of drilling from a wild-cat prospect well east of Duquoin, Perry County, were submitted to the writer by Mr. E. S. Blatchley of the Illinois State Geological Survey. This pros¬ pect was made on the land of the Duquoin Land and Farming Com¬ pany in the SW. 14 sec. 15, T. 6 S., E. 1 W. Most of the samples were taken below the depth of 800 feet, and they are all believed to belong to the Pennsylvanian. Description of samples from well near Duquoin, Illinois. Depth in feet. Gray sandy shale or sandstone, micaceous, with some sparse calcareous material and some brown embedded grains. There were also some frag¬ ments of a brownish and a yellowish-gray rock, which effervesced rather slowly with acid, and which probably was concretionary carbonate of lime and iron .'.. 495 WELL RECORDS. 91 Description of samples from well near Duquoin —Concluded. Depth in feet. Olive-colored shale, with some red shale and some concretionary clay iron¬ stone and small grains of marcasite. The shale was of the finest texture. One fragment showed thin laminations of light and dark shale, and another fragment showed a thin layer of marcasite. Gray micaceous sandstone with light and dark foliations, with some black sandstone or sandy shale; containing some brown grains of carbonate of iron, and some black shale, all micaceous and slightly calcareous. A coarse sandstone, with grains having crystalline facets due to secondary enlargement, held together by a more or less continuous matrix of mar¬ casite. There was also some black micaceous shale. Sandy micaceous shale, thinly laminated with light and dark layers from .16 mm. to .5 mm. in thickness. The light layers were most sandy and effervesced slightly with acid and had brown embedded grains of carbonate of iron and lime ... Black shale in large fragments and white limestone, apparently concre¬ tionary, soft but fine in texture and showing a few traces of fossils. Limestone like that in the preceding sample, but seen to have a brecciated structure, with occasional irregular small pockets of calcite. Also some white sandstone . White limestone, like the preceding, but with minute black specks of mar¬ casite. Also some lumps of shale, one fragment of coal and some coarse sand . i . Some sand, having grains from .25 mm. to .5 mm. in diameter, some rounded and some with secondary crystal facets; some coal, some black shale, and some lumps of green fire clay . Sand like the previous sample, but with the grains more frequently facetted, some black shale, some green fire clay, and some coal. Gray sand like that in the previous. Sand, like the preceding . Sand, like the preceding . Sand, like the preceding ... Sand, with most of the grains from .25 to .16 mm. in diameter. 600 730 800 805 810 815 820 825 830 835 840 845 850 855 29. WELL NO. 29, ON FARM OF K. AND E. YOUNG, PARKER TOWNSHIP, CLARK COUNTY. This well was drilled for the Ohio Oil Company on the farm of Messrs. K. and E. Young, Parker Township, Clark County. Its eleva¬ tion is unknown. The samples obtained from it begin at a depth of about 1,205 feet. Description of samples from xoell on the Young farm. Depth in feet. From. To. Gray limestone, calcareous, with some white chert, crinoid stems, bryozoan, and brachiopod fragments, and dark greenish gray shale, calcareous. Some yellow pyrite noted. There was also a %-in. fragment of black, bituminous shale, with brownish streak, resemb¬ ling the Sweetland Creek shale. No more fragments of this were noted. It probably came from above the depth where this sample was taken . 1,205 1,210 Grayish white calcareous limestone, like that above, with white chert. A bituminous film noted on one fragment. 1,210 1,215 Like the preceding, but with less chert. 1,215 1,220 Dark gray shaly limestone, and fragments of grayish white limestone. Some of the white limestone shows laminae of dark bituminous material. All calcareous . 1,220 1,225 Grayish white limestone, calcareous . 1,225 1,240 White limestone . 1,240 1,260 Dirty yellow calcareous limestone, too oily to become easily wet; with fragments of crinoid joints . 1,260 1,270 Like the preceding, but less oily . 1,270 1,277 Somewhat dolomitic limestone, dirty yellowish gray, with some white chert, and considerable calcite. Slightly bituminous. 1,277 1,285 Like the preceding . 1,285 1,295 Rounded quartz sand, from .5 to .125 mm. in diameter, with some gray limestone, dolomitic (?) in part . 1,295 1,315 Brownish dolomitic limestone, slightly bituminous. 1,315 1,325 Yellowish gray dolomitic limestone, not unlike the Galena rock in appearance . 1,325 1,335 Yellowish gray calcareous limestone . 1,335 1,345 Yellowish light gray dolomitic limestone . 1,345 1,360 Yellowish light gray dolomitic limestone, with some chert. 1,360 1,390 92 DEEP BORINGS IN ILLINOIS. Description of samples from well on the Young farm —Continued. Depth in feet. From. To. Gray calcareous limestone of fine texture . 1,390 1,415 Yellowish gray calcareous limestone of fine texture. 1,415 1,430 White, calcareous limestone, with some fragments of chert. 1,430 1,740 Gray, calcareous limestone, yellowish . 1,740 1,760 Soft, bluish gray calcareous limestone . 1,760 1,775 Yellowish gray calcareous limestone . 1,775 1,800 White calcareous limestone of fine texture . 1,800 1,820 Yellow earthy pulverized limestone, with some white chert. 1,820 1,840 Mostly white chert, with yellowish white calcareous limestone. 1,840 1,865 White calcareous limestone . 1,865 1,880 Light gray calcareous limestone, with translucent chert of same color 1,880 1,890 Light gray calcareous limestone of fine texture. 1,890 1,900 Gray calcareous limestone . 1,900 1,910 Some white and some dark brown fragments of calcareous limestone of waxy lustre. Also faintly greenish and pinkish fragments. This rock has some resemblance to the Fern Glen of the Kinderhook. ... 1,910 1,935 Brown, yellow, olive green, white calcareous limestone of waxy lustre 1,935 1,960 White calcareous limestone, compact . 1,960 1,985 Gray calcareous limestone . 1,985 1,995 Pinkish gray calcareous limestone . 2,005 2,025 Cream-colored calcareous limestone . 2,025 2,040 Gray calcareous limestone . 2,040 2,045 Dolomitic limestone, mostly yellowish, some greenish gray; some marcasite, and some white calcite. A part floats. On heating, a faint bituminous odor was noted and strong sulphur fumes. 2,045 2,050 Limestone, mostly dolomitic, some black, some gray, some greenish; with marcasite fragments. Dolomitic crystals clearly seen, yellowish 2,050 2,060 A black dolomitic rock, as hard as limestone, no sand noted. The rock is studded with fine grains of marcasite, making a quarter of some fragments . 2,060 2,080 Gray dolomitic limestone, somewhat dark . 2,080 2,095 Yellowish dolomitic limestone . 2,095 2,120 Gray limestone, some dolomitic, some calcareous. With this is some quartz sand and some dark'shale, greenish . 2,120 2,130 Gray limestone, slightly dolomitic, with some greenish shaly frag¬ ments, and some gray chert . 2,130 2,150 Like the preceding . 2,150 2,160 Gray limestone, effervescing a little tardily for a calcareous rock, with some fragments of grayish white, rapidly effervescing, lime¬ stone. Many of the dark limestone fragments appear shaly and contain angular black fragments imbedded . 2,160 2,170 Limestone, calcareous, dark gray, faintly shaly, and with rare frag¬ ments of brachiopods, also some marcasite. Some slate-like calcite crystals . 2,170 2,299 Like the preceding, with some light gray limestone. 2,299 2,303 Gray calcareous limestone . 2,303 2,307 Calcareous limestone, yellowish light gray, with some calcite. 2,307 2,311 Some light gray, some medium gray calcareous limestone, made up largely of organic fragments. A fragment of a brachiopod noted. . 2,311 2,327 Like the preceding . 2,327 2,351 Like the preceding . 2,351. 2,355 Light gray calcareous limestone . 2,355 2,395 Like the preceding . 2,395 2,400 Like the preceding . 2,400 2,405 Gray, calcareous, organic limestone with some quartz grains. 2,405 2,410 Light gray, calcareous, organic limestone with frequent grains of clear calcite . 2,410 2,415 Light gray calcareous limestone with frequent calcite crystals. 2,415 2,420 Like the preceding . 2,420 2,426 Like the preceding . 2,426 2,475 Dove-colored calcareous limestone of lithographic texture. Occasionally bituminous films were noted. Fragments, thin. 2,475 2,505 Like the preceding in part, in part light gray calcareous limestone... 2,505 2,555 Dove-colored calcareous limestone, with some chips of a white calcareous limestone, and with some black fragments of calcareous limestone . 2,555 2,585 Calcareous limestone, medium gray. Brachiopods and bryozoa noted. . 2,585 2,600 Dark dove-colored and gray calcareous limestone of lithographic texture. Brachiopods noted, finely striated valves. 2,600 2,670 Calcareous hard limestone, some dark dove-colored, lithographic in texture, with embedded small grains of sand, some light gray, soft calcareous limestone with embedded grains of calcareous material. Clear calcite quite frequent. Some fragments consist of a light gray calcareous matrix, in which some black angular particles are embedded . 2,670 2,700 Dark gray, calcareous limestone of fipe texture. Brachiopods noted.. 2,700 2,755 Medium gray limestone, calcareous, compact in texture, with clear calcite in scattering minute crevices, frequently running across the lamination. Splitting in thin fragments, indicating pronounced lami¬ nation . 2,755 2,770 WELL EECOEDS. 93 Description of samples from well on the Young farm —Concluded. Depth in feet. From. To. Like the previous. Some fragments consist of black limestone layers ; pyritiferous, showing some indistinct organic structure (bryozoa? or Stroviatoporci?) . Dark gray limestone of fine texture. Gray limestone, in part like the preceding sample, in part dolomitic limestone . Like the preceding. Some fragments of calcareous limestone were seen to have thin bituminous seams, black. 2,770 2,785 2,785 2,830 2,830 2,850 2,850 2,918 A fragment of a shale, believed to be the Sweetland Creek shale, was noted with the limestone from 1,205 to 1,210 feet. It is hence believed that this formation lies somewhere close above this depth. Correlating this shale with the shale at 1,600 to 1,690 in the Lula Shover well record next presented, we note at coinciding levels four other features which are evidently also to be correlated in these two wells, viz: Depth in Young well. Feet. Depth in Shover well. Feet. A thin sandstone . 1,300 1,825 Pinkish colored limestone . 1,940 2,500 Black particles and spicules. 2,070 2,650 Black fragments and shreds of vegetation (black) 2,170 2,750 A correspondence in cherty beds is also to be noted. The beds from 1,205 to 1,700 feet in depth are believed to be Devonian. Below this the identification of the formations seems more doubtful. 30. WELL NO. 1, ON EAEM OF LULA SHOVEE, IN CASEY TOWNSHIP, CLAEK COUNTY. Well No. 1 on the Lula Shover farm was drilled for the Ohio Oil Company in the NW. % SE. 14 sec. 1, T. 10 N., B. 14 W., in Casey Township, Clark County. Its elevation is estimated to be 600 feet above sea level. The samples of the drillings submitted to the writer are as stated in the following table: Description of samples from well No. 1 on the Lula Shover farm. Gray shale of fine texture . Gray sandstone, some moderately coarse in texture and some of fine texture . Gray and dark gray shale . Grayish white fine-grained limestone, calcareous, showing no frag¬ ments of fossils, Mississippian . Gray limestone, of very fine fragmental texture . Gray limestone, with impregnated specks of green in streaks. A few fragments, porous. Chert noted . Gray oolitic limestone . Gray limestone, showing some fragments of clear quartz (cry¬ stals?) . Gray limestone, of fine texture . Gray limestone with scattered embedded dark grains . Gray limestone, with minute bivalves, crinoid stems, and other fossil fragments .. Gray limestone, with crinoid fragments, bryozoa, and Endothyra bayleyi . Gray limestone, oolitic, with fragments having thin incrusta¬ tions of calcareous material. The texture of the rock resembles that of the Bedford limestone ... Depth in feet. From. To 350 550 550 560 560 597 597 697 697 750 750 780 780 800 800 815 815 820 820 840 840 850 850 865 865 920 94 DEEP BORINGS IN ILLINOIS. Description of samples from well No. 1 —Continued. Depth in feet. • From. To. Brownish gray limestone, showing many dark specks and occa¬ sional green specks . 970 1,020 White and gray organic limestone, with white chert and dark gray shale . 1,020 1,060 Gray organic limestone . 1,060 1,090 Dark gray organic limestone . 1,090 1,100 Dark gray organic limestone . 1,100 1,120 Dark gray organic shaly limestone .. 1,120 1,155 Gray calcareous stony shale or shaly limestone .. 1,155 1,195 Like the preceding . 1,195 1,270 Gray calcareous stony shale . 1,270 1,340 Crinoidal limestone, gray . 1,340 1,360 Dark, calcareous stony shale, with scattered minute black specks 1,360 1,400 Dark gray, calcareous, stony shale, micaceous and having some fine sand embedded (2 samples) . 1,400 1,440 Dark gray stony shale which does not effervesce with acid and which shows slender branching and curving fucoid-like flat cavities impregnated with marcasite (2 samples). 1,440 1,460 Dark gray fine-grained shale, with some marcasite. 1,460 1,480 Greenish gray sandstone, of fine texture, and effervescing slightly in acid . 1,480 1,500 Greenish gray fine-grained sandstone . 1,500 1,550 Dark gray, stony and calcareous shale, or shaly limestone. 1,550 1,565 Green fine-grained shale, showing some dark blotchy, streaky, layers . 1,560 1,580 Yellowish gray limestone of compact texture. 1,580 1,600 Black, highly bituminous shale of fine texture, with Sporangites huronense. Burns with a flame when ignited. 1,600 1,690 Gray and white limestone, calcareous, with many organic frag¬ ments and with some calcite . 1,690 1,714 Grayish white, organic fragmental limestone . 1,714 1,730 Grayish white organic limestone, hard, with calcite . 1,730 1,760 Grayish white organic limestone, hard, with clear calcite. 1,760 1,770 Like the preceding . 1,770 1,785 Yellowish gray dolomitic limestone, with some white chert and some fragments of calcareous limestone. 1,785 1,800 Yellowish dolomitic limestone, with some impure chert. 1,800 1,820 Quartz sand, moderately fine in texture, cream white. 1,820 1,830 Yellow dolomitic limestone . 1,830 1,850 Brown dolomitic limestone . 1,850 1,900 White dolomitic limestone, containing grains of glauconite, and occasional fragments of chert and grains of pyrite. 1,900 1,940 Grayish white dolomitic limestone, with considerable white chert, some glauconite and occasional embedded grains of pyrite. 1,940 1,950 Like the preceding . 1,950 2,000 White dolomitic limestone with some chert . 2,000 2,020 Gray dolomitic limestone . 2,020 2,050 Like the preceding . 2,050 2,150 Gray dolomitic limestone with gray chert . 2,150 2,200 White calcareous limestone of fine texture and waxy lustre. 2,200 2,220 Gray calcareous limestone . 2,220 2,250 Light gray calcareous limestone . 2,250 2,275 Gray calcareous limestone, containing a few small grains of sand 2,275 2,285 Dark gray dolomitic limestone, showing thin lamination, some¬ what irregular . 2,285 2,295 Gray calcareous limestone, of somewhat fine texture. 2,295 2,300 Like the preceding . 2,300 2,320 White and light gray calcareous limestone. 2,320 2,325 Gray calcareous limestone with some light gray limestone having green glauconite grains . 2,320 2,330 Light gray calcareous limestone with waxy lustre . 2,330 2,335 Light gray calcareous limestone with waxy lustre. Crinoid stem noted . 2,335 2,380 Compact white and pure calcareous limestone with much white chert . 2,380 2,400 White fine-grained limestone, calcareous . 2,400 2,450 Gray and white calcareous limestone of f fine texture. 2,450 2,355 Pinkish brown calcareous limestone containing occasional crinoid stems . 2,455 2,500 Pink, gray and white calcareous limestone with waxy lustre.... 2,500 2,505 Like the preceding . 2,505 2,510 Gray and white calcareous limestone. In one fragment was noted an embedded, minute, almost spherical crinoid joint of pink color. Several other obscure cases of the same kind were noted in this and in the preceding sample . 2,510 2,545 Pinkish white calcareous limestone; the pink color is due to imbedded organic fragments, which are yellow and red. 2,545 2,565 Like the preceding . 2,565 2,570 White calcareous sandstone, containing a few embedded pink grains . 2,570 2,600 Gray dolomitic limestone, slightly impregnated with pyrite. 2,600 2,610 WELL RECORDS. 95 Description of samples from well No. 1 —Concluded. Depth in feet. From. To. Bluish gray rock, consisting of fine sand in a dolomitic and clayey matrix . 2,610 2,615 Dark gray rock, like the preceding in composition . 2,615 2,630 Dark gray dolomitic sandy rock. The embedded sand is very fine . 2,630 2,640 Gray limestone, with some fragments of white limestone. The gray limestone contains numerous minute, broken black spicules. Several bryozoa noted and also fragments of brachiopods. 2,640 2,650 Gray calcareous limestone, containing numerous black minute specks . 2,650 2,655 Gray calcareous limestone and chert. The chert is dotted with black minute specks . 2,655 2,660 Calcareous organic limestone, some fragments being gray, some dark gray. With this is some white and some gray chert. 2,660 2,695 White limestone, with much opaque calcitecrinoid fragments and some quartz crystals and pyrite . 2,695 2,700 Gray organic fragmental limestone . 2,700 2,705 Light gray, dark gray, and yellowish gray calcareous limestone with some chert. Minute black specks were noted in both the limestone and in the chert . 2,705 2,710 Like the preceding . 2,710 2,715 Like the preceding . 2,715 2,720 Dark gray, fine-grained calcareous limestone, with minute black specks . 2,720 2,725 Dark gray calcareous limestone with some chert . 2,725 2,730 Like the preceding . 2,730 2,735 Very dark gray and black limestone, calcareous. 2,735 2,740 Black and gray calcareous limestone. Some of the black lime¬ stone was seen to consist of a matrix containing small angular, calcareous fragments, occasionally fractured . 2,740 2,750 Mostly a black shaly, limestone, in which appear some black shreds of vegetation. With this is gray limestone. All is calcareous . 2,750 2,760 Black shaly limestone, calcareous, with black shreds as above... 2,760 2,780 Like the preceding . 2,780 2,790 Like the preceding ... 2,790 2,800 Like the preceding . 2,800 2,825 Like the preceding . 2,825 2,829% Like the preceding . 2,829% 2,834 Like the preceding . 2,834 2,838% Like the preceding . 2,838% 2,843 Like the preceding . 2,843 2,853 Black shaly limestone and gray calcareous limestone . 2,853 2,857 Gray calcareous limestone, fragmental. Bituminous films noted in minute crevices of some fragments . 2,857 2,862 Gray, organic fragmental, calcareous limestone . 2,862 2,866% Gray, organic fragmental, calcareous limestone. Finely ribbed pieces of brachiopods noted . 2,866% 2,871 Like the preceding . 2,871 2,876 Like the preceding . 2,876 2,881 Like the preceding . 2,881 2,886 Gray organic fragmental calcareous limestone, with some calcite. 2,886 2,890 Cream-colored, semi-crystalline granular calcareous limestone. . . 2,890 2,903 Gray, granular, partly crystalline calcareous limestone. Organic fragments present . 2,891 2,898 Like the preceding . 2,903 2,908 Like the preceding . 2,908 2,912% Like the preceding . 2,912 % 2,917 Like the preceding . 2,917 2,922 Like the preceding . 2,922 2,925% Like the preceding . 2,926% 2,931 Like the preceding .. 2,931 2,936 Light gray granular, partly crystalline calcareous limestone, with organic fragments . 2,936 2,941 Like the preceding . 2,941 2,946 Like the preceding . 2,946 2,958 Like the preceding . 2,956 2,966 Gray, organic, fragmental calcareous limestone, with granular texture and occasionally clear calcite. Several fragments of a Favosites? noted, with polyp tubes very small; also some fragments of brachiopods . 2,966 2,971 Gray organic fragmental calcareous limestone, with granular structure . ... 2,971 2,976 Like the preceding, with many bryozoa . 2,976 2,983 Yellowish gray organic fragmental calcareous limestone . 2,983 2,992 Like the preceding, gray in color . 2,992 3,000 Like the preceding . 3,000 3,005 Like the preceding . 3,005 3,014 Gray, organic, fragmental limestone of the same general type as from the samples below 2,857 feet . 3,014 3,017 96 DEEP BOEINGS IN ILLINOIS. The limestone in the last 100 feet commonly consists of calcareous fragments some .25 mm. in diameter, which are of different shades, vary¬ ing from dark gray to white, so as to appear in distinct outline in the generally light matrix. The formation represented in the samples above a depth of 597 feet is the “Coal Measures.” The Bedford oolitic rock lies between 850 and 920 feet below the surface. The Osage, or Burlington, was noted between 1,000 and 1,100. The Sweetland Creek shale lies between 1,550 and 1,690 feet. The cherty limestones lying between 1,785 and 2,200 are no doubt Devonian. Below this the correct correlation of the strata is doubtful. The occurrence of a Favosites (?) or a Monticulipora from 2,966 to 2,971 feet suggests that this layer may be in the Trenton. The shaly limestone lying between 2,740 and 2,850 feet, and containing some shreds of vegetation may be the equivalent of the Cincinnatian. 31. WELL NO. 4, ON FARM OF C. E. SILER, HONEY CREEK TOWNSHIP, CRAWFORD COUNTY. Another well operated by the Ohio Oil Company is located on the farm of Mr. C. E. Siler, in sec. 5, of Honey Creek Township, Crawford County. The elevation of its curb is estimated to be 495 feet above sea level. Description of samples from the Siler well No. 4 . Depth in feet. From. To. Loess or yellow loam . 1 5 Gravel and sand . 5 1U Sand and gravel . 10 15 Sand and gravel, washed from boulder clay . 15 20 Boulder clay . 20 25 Boulder clay . 25 30 Boulder clay . 30 35 Boulder clay . 35 40 Limestone, with embedded crinoid stem, a small Spirifer cameratus, a small gastropod, and a piece of a plant stem. Some roofing shale 40 45 Shale, greenish-gray, micaceous . 45 50 Gray shale . 50 55 Fine-grained micaceous sandstone with a calcareous matrix. 55 62 Arenaceous, gray shale . 62 68 Micaceous, gray shale . 68 74 Micaceous, dark gray shale .'. . . 74 80 Micaceous sandstone, with fragments of concretions of siderite....;.. 80 86 Sandstone, gray micaceous, calcareous and shaly, with many fragments of yellowish shells . 86 92 Gray shale and micaceous shaly sandstone, with a small Myalina, and many fragments of shells. Some coal noted. 92 98 Some limestone, but mostly shale. The shale is dark gray micaceous and marly. It has many minute, apparently concretionary yellow grains, of siderite. These appear like coarser grains in a fine tex¬ tured matrix. The limestone is dark with embedded flat fragments of Myalina shells, and one piece was seen with embedded deeply marked tubules, believed to be irregularly curving forms of Ammo- discus, measuring from .1 mm. to .15 mm. in diameter. 98 103 Micaceous sandstone or sandy shale, with some brownish limestone... 103 109 Micaceous, gray sandstone of fine texture, almost a shale. 109 114 Micaceous sandstone and some green grains, and with calcareous and with some brown calcareous coaly fragments . 114 119 Fine grained sand, micaceous, and with brow r n and green grains, as above . 119 124 Like the preceding . 124 129 Like the preceding . 129 13 3 Like the preceding . 183 139 WELL RECORDS. 97 Description of samples from the Siler well No. 4—Continued. Depth in feet. From. To. Like the preceding, but with occasional carbonaceous fragments. 139 145 Gray, micaceous sandstone, with some dark and some green grains, and some shreds of carbonaceous material . 145 150 Black fissile shale (“Miner’s slate”) with pyritized fossil shells, one probably an Aviculopecten; another like a minute Myalina . 150 155 Some shaly fire clay and a little coal, but chiefly gray micaceous shale, with minute concretions of siderite of the size of small sand grains . 155 160 Gray, micaceous, shaly sand. One large fragment showing lines believed to be ripple marks. 160 165 Gray, slightly micaceous shale with very thin calcareous laminae. 165 170 Gray, slightly micaceous shale with a brownish minute disc-shaped spiral fossil, probably an Ammodiscus . 170 175 Gray shale, faintly micaceous . 175 180 Black fissile shale, with a very fine rectangular reticulation seen on a cleavage plane. Some fragments of coal . 180 185 Greenish gray fire clay and shale, with fragments of dark concretionary limestone . 185 190 Fine grained micaceous sandstone or shale, with yellow specks of concretionary siderite . 100 195 Like the preceding . 195 200 Gray, dark, and compact concretionary siderite in large fragments.... 200 205 Dark gray shale, with Ammodiscus (?) . 205 210 Mostly dark concretionary siderite in large fragments, with some dark stony shale . 210 215 Dark shale of fine texture . 215 220 Dark shale, slightly micaceous, with Ammodiscus (?) and minute shreds of other fossils . 220 225 Dark micaceous shale, slightly calcareous . 225 23 0 Like the preceding, with minute shreds of vegetation. 230 235 Like the preceding . 235 240 Dark micaceous shale, like that in the preceding sample, with Ammodiscus (?) and a small ostracod . 240 245 Dark micaceous shale, with impressions of fern leaves, a spiral Ammodiscus (?) and one tube of an Ammodiscus (?) only slightly curving. Some keeled impressions were noted on one fragment, and joints and spines of crinoids were also seen . 245 250 Dark gray shale . 250 255 Gray sandy shale . 255 260 Gray sandy shale, or shaly sandstone, showing some dark grains under the lens . 260 265 Shale, greenish gray, sandy and micaceous. 265 270 Greenish gray, micaceous sandstone and red clay marl. 270 275 Greenish gray sandy shale . 275 280 Comparatively coarse sandstone, with some green and some pink grains. Also some lumps of fire clay, which contain small spherical nodules of black oxide of manganese from .25 mm. to .33 mm. in diameter. Some of these concretions are grown together in groups of two and three . 280 285 Comparatively coarse sandstone, with some interlaminated shale. 285 290 Mostly sandstone, gray and of fine texture, with some shale. 290 296 Micaceous gray shale . 302 308 Sandy gray shale or shaly sandstone . 296 302 Dark gray shale, not micaceous . 308 314 Dark gray shale, not micaceous . 314 320 Very dark shale, carbonaceous and sandy. Most of it is finely lami¬ nated and shows shreds of vegetation. 320 326 Like the preceding . 326 332 Like the preceding . 332 338 Shaly sandstone or shale, thinly laminated, containing brownish yellow grains (concretionary?) larger than the grains of the rock and also some still larger black grains. 338 344 Like the preceding . 344 350 Like the preceding, with the brown grains least abundant in the layers of the finest texture, which are carbonaceous. 350 356 Sandstone, with interlaminated carbonaceous streaks showing vege¬ table tissue . 356 362 Coal, shale, and sandstone . 362 368 Mostly fire clay . 368 374 Mostly concretionary material, carbonate of lime and iron and some shale . 374 380 Concretionary limestone and siderite, in shale . 380 387 Light gray micaceous and sandy shale . 387 394 Micaceous and sandy gray shale . 394 401 Micaceous sandstone and gray shale . 401 407 Dark gray shale . 407 413 Dark gray limestone, consisting of organic fragments. Some black shale and coal. The limestone contains Chonetes mesolobus (?), crinoid stems and a gastropod (Bellerophon carbonaria ?) . 413 419 —7 G 98 DEEP BORINGS IN ILLINOIS. Description of samples from the Silver well No. 4 —Continued. Depth in feet. From. To. Fire clay, gray and black shale and coal. 419 426 Gray shale . 426 432 Gray fine-grained sandstone .'.. 432 438 Gray shale, arenaceous, and micaceous . 438 444 Like the preceding . 444 450 Shaly sandstone, micaceous, and with rusty specks. 450 456 Gray shale, micaceous and sandy . 456 462 Dark gray shale, micaceous and sandy . 462 468 Like the above, but darker . 468 474 Like the preceding . 474 480 Almost black dolomitic limestone, uniform in texture, emitting sulphur¬ ous odors when heated and becoming slightly magnetic before the blowpipe, containing joints of crinoid stems. Chonetes mesolobus (?) Rhombopora lepidodendroides(?), fragments of brachiopod shells, and Fusilina of the kind occurring in the limestone above coal No. 6 480 486 Black, fissile shale, and some coal, with limestone like that in samples from 480 to 486 feet . 486 492 Gray, sandy shale and some dark shale . 492 498 Gray, slightly sandy shale . 498 504 Soft gray micaceous shale . 504 510 Gray shale, soft and micaceous sandstone, with some large and thin fragments of black dolomitic limestone . 516 522 Gray sandstone, with some limestone like that in the preceding sample 522 528 Dark gray highly micaceous shale, with scales of biotite and on fresh fractures having an appearance like that of some Archaean schists . 528 534 Gray sandstone and sandy micaceous shale, with some dark shale, and fragments of coal . 534 540 Dark gray sandy shale, micaceous, with some fire clay. 540 546 Dark shale of fine clayey texture . 546 552 Dark erray shale, micaceous and stony . 552 558 Like the preceding . 558 564 Dark gray shale, of clayey texture . 564 570 Dark gray shale, with narrow fucoid bands in some cleavage planes. . 570 576 Black, fissile shale . 576 582 Black, fissile shale ... 582 588 Mostly light gray sandstone, some gray shale, with fragments of coal and limestone . 588 594 Mostly light gray sandstone with some dark shale. 594 600 Dark, micaceous, shaly sandstone . 600 606 Dark, micaceous, sandy shale . 606 612 Dark, almost black shale . 612 618 Dark, almost black, shale, with fragments of concretions of siderite.. 618. 624 Gray shale, of clayey texture . 624 630 Like the preceding sample ... 630 636 Gray shale, with some little mica . 636 642 Like the preceding sample, but slightly coarser and with a little more mica . 642 648 Black shale, of fine texture, but with some mica, and with earthy lustre . 648 654 Black shale, much pyrite and some coal. The shale has embedded calcareous fossils among which a piece of a lamellibranch valve and a Bellerophon were noted, and also impressions of an insect wing. In the fragments of pyrite was seen a Nucula, a Bellerophon carbonaria (?) in part filled by zinc blende, and a fragment of a brachiopod. In the coal some woody tissue was noted. 654 660 Light gray sandy fire clay filled with small crystals of pyrite. 660 666 Dark gray micaceous and sandy shale . 666 672 Dark gray shale of fine texture, with pyrite and coal. 672 678 Black, fissile shale and finely laminated coal with brown streak. Woody fibre seen in some pyrite. 678 674 Shaly fire clay, light gray and stony . 684 690 Gray shale and sandstone . 690 696 Sandstone, somewhat coarse, laminated, in alternate layers of white and carbonaceous black material; some layers micaceous. 696 702 Like the preceding . 702 708 Dark gray shale, stony, sandy and micaceous. 708 714 Gray shale, stony, sandy and micaceous. 714 720 Dark shale, with some laminated coal and some fire clay. 720 726 Gray sandstone, shaly and micaceous .•. 726 732 Soft gray shale . 732 738. Some gray shale, and some dark micaceous shale with concretionary siderite . 738 744 Almost black, fissile shale, with concretionary siderite. 744 750 Gray sandstone of fine texture . 750 756 Dark gray shale, arenaceous and micaceous . 756 762 Laminated, gray sandstone, micaceous, alternate layers black and carbonaceous. The black layers are very thin, the light layers in several cases measuring .1 mm. in thickness. 762 768 Coarse micaceous sandstone, laminated with alternate layers of dark carbonaceous shale . 768 774 WELL RECORDS. 99 Description of samples from the Siler toell No. 4—Concluded. Depth in feet. From. To. Like the preceding . 774 780 Like the preceding . 780 786 Like the preceding sandstone, coarser and softer. 786 792 Like the preceding . 792 798 Dark gray shale and some lighter shale . 798 804 Almost black shale, fine in texture . 804 810 Like the preceding . 810 817 Light gray, sandy shale, slightly micaceous . 817 824 Light gray, sandy shale . 824 830 Dark gray and light gray shale of fine texture. 830 836 Gray sandstone, of very fine texture. 836 842 Like the preceding . 842 848 Dark bluish gray shale, of very fine texture, with concretionary siderite . 848 854 Almost black shale, very fine in texture.' 854 860 Coarse sandstone . 860 866 Almost black shale, fine in texture. 866 872 Like the preceding . 872 878 Almost black shale, with biotite . 878 884 Black shale, fine textured . 884 890 Like the preceding . 890 896 Like the preceding . 896 902 Gray sandstone, fine grained . 902 908 Gray sandstone . 908 914 Black shale of fine texture, with concretions of carbonate of iron.... 914 920 Like the preceding . 920 926 Like the preceding.. 926 932 Like the preceding . 932 938 Gray shale and sandstone, with some large and thin chips of coal. . . . 938 944 Gray soft sandstone and shale. The rock in this and the preceding sample appears to be a mixture of alternating layers of shale and sandstone . 944 950 Gray soft sand, only a single fragment of loosely coherent rock remaining in the sample. Size of grains is about .25 mm. in diameter. Apparently oil-sand; the grains float in water. 950 955 Gray sand, with grains mostly from .125 mm. to .5 mm. in diameter. The largest grains all have crystalline facets resulting from secondary growth. Sand floats on water. 955 959 Sand like the preceding, but faintly brownish yellow. 959 963 Sand like that in the three preceding samples, except that it is more nearly white in color. 963 967 Two specimens of a Fusulina were found in the limestone lying between the depths 480 to 486 feet. This, no doubt, is the limestone which forms the cap rock over coal No. 6. The rock itself has been altered to a dark dolomite, effervescing very slowly in acid. It has a dark gray color, which is due to the presence of pyrite in microscopic particles. On heating in a closed tube it gives off sulphurous odors and becomes slightly magnetic. The entire section represented by the samples consists of variations of shales, sandstones, limestones, coals, and fire clays, with calcareous concretionary matter, and more frequently concretions of siderite. All the strata have the general appearance characteristic of the Pennsyl¬ vanian series in this region. About a dozen coal beds were penetrated. These occur in three groups, not counting an evidently thin bed of some¬ what shaly coal, which lies at a depth of 904 feet below the surface and only a few feet above the oil sand. The lowest of these groups, which presumably includes equivalents of coals No. 1 and No. 2 in northern Illinois, is represented by three seams at depths of 720, 678, and 660 feet. The middle group, which includes coal No. 6 is repre¬ sented by one coal at 540 feet, by coal No. 6 at the depth of 485 feet, 100 DEEP BORINGS IN ILLINOIS. another coal overlain by limestone, at 420 feet, and a coal overlain by sandstone at 365 feet. The coal beds of the Upper “Coal Measures” of Worthen are represented by an apparently small seam of coal at a depth of 185 feet, one small coal associated with a capping calcareous rock at the depth of 95 feet, and a black shale under a limestone at the very surface of the bed rock below the drift, fifty feet from the surface. The spiral shell of an Ammodiscus was observed in cleavage surfaces of some shales in the Upper “Coal Measures,” and presumably the sam6 fossil, in the form of irregularly curved tubes occurred in some limestone at the depth of 100 feet. The lower 200 feet in the section is probably a part of the Pottsville. 32. WELL NO. 23, ON FARM OF JAS. M. DRAKE, OBLONG TOWNSHIP, CRAWFORD COUNTY. Another well belonging to the Ohio Oil Company was put down on Mr. James M. Drake’s farm in the NE. *4 sec. 9, T. 7 N., R. 13 W., in Oblong Township, Crawford County, at an estimated elevation of 490 feet above sea level. Its entire section is probably in Pennsylvanian. The last 70 feet may be Pottsville. Fusulina was found in the sample from 530 to 535 feet, with coal No. 6, immediately below this. Description of samples from well on the Drake farm, Oblong Township, Crawford County, Illinois. Depth in feet. From. To. Gray limestone, some yellow limestone, and bits of shale. 200 205 White and yellow limestone, concretionary siderite, and some gray sandstone . 205 210 Yellow and white limestone, gray sandstone, concretionary siderite and some dark shale . 210 215 Gray sandstone, some yellow sandstone, siderite, yellow limestone, and a few pieces Of bright green sandstone. 215 220 Yellow limestone, some siderite, shale and sondstone, and red quartz from the drift . 220 225 White and yellow limestone and a few pieces of dark shale. 225 230 White limestone . 230 250 Very fine micaceous white sand and limestone . 250 270 Dark gray micaceous sandy shale . 270 275 Dark micaceous shale . 275 285 Black shale and gray sandstone with a little limestone. 285 290 Dark limestone, some yellow limestone and bits of coal. 290 295 Black shale, a little yellow limestone and a few fragments of coal... 295 300 Gray shale, some yellow limestone and coal. 300 305 Gray shale and some yellow limestone . 305 310 Gray shale . 310 315 Gray shale and some yellow limestone . 315 320 Gray shale . 320 330 Gray shale and a little yellow limestone . 330 335 Gray micaceous shale and some micaceous sandy shale. 335 340 Gray shale . 340 350 Concretionary siderite with a little yellow limestone and shale. A Cyathophyllid coral noted . 350 355 Gray shale and a little yellow limestone . 355 360 Gray shale, yellow limestone and some sandstone. The shale contains shreds of vegetation .. 360 365 Gray shale and concretionary siderite . 365 370 Gray limestone and some gray shale. 370 375 White limestone. A crinoid stem noted . 375 380 White limestone, some greenish sandstone and a few bits of coal. 380 385 Gray micaceous sandstone and white limestone . 385 390 Gray shale and a little limestone . 390 395 White limestone and some gray shale . 395 400 WELL BECOEDS. 101 Description of samples from well on the Drake farm —Continued. Depth in feet. From. To. Gray shale and some limestone . 400 405 Concretionary siderite, some dark shale, bits of coal and pyrite. 405 410 Gray sandy shale and siderite. Some yellow limestone. 410 415 Dark gray shale, some siderite, and yellow limestone. 415 420 Gray sandy shale and some siderite . 420 425 Gray sandy shale, black shale and some siderite. 425 430 Gray sandstone and a little concretionary siderite. 430 435 Gray micaceous sandstone and a few bits of yellow limestone. 435 440 Gray micaceous sandstone . 440 445 Gray micaceous sandstone with shreds of vegetation. A few small pieces of siderite . 445 460 Gray micaceous sandstone and a few small pieces of white limestone 460 465 Gray micaceous sandstone with shreds of vegetation. 465 470 Gray micaceous sandstone, some dark shale, a few bits of coal, and pyritized woody tissue ... 470 476 Gray micaceous sandstone and white limestone. A little dark shale.. 475 480 Gray sandy shale and yellow limestone . 480 485 Gray sandy shale and white limestone. Some yellow limestone. 485 490 Sandstone with infiltrated calcite, white limestone, and a few small spherical siderite concretions . 490 495 Gray micaceous sandy shale, some yellowish limestone, white sand¬ stone and a little dark shale . 495 505 White sandstone, some dark shale, and yellow limestone. 505 515 Dark gray shale . 515 520 Dark shale, fire clay And some white limestone . -520 525 Dark gray shale . 525 530 Dark limestone, some dark shale, crinoid stems and some other organic material noted. Tuberculated crinoid spine like that in F. G. Mc- Cleave well at 505 to 510 feet. Fusilina present. 530 535 Like the preceding . 535 540 Dark limestone, coal, some yellow limestone and several crinoid stems noted ..*. 540 545 Gray micaceous sandstone and a few pieces of coal. 545 550 Gray micaceous sandstone, a few bits of coal and siderite. 550 555 Gray micaceous shaly sandstone, some siderite and a little limestone 555 560 Gray shale . 660 565 Dark gray shale . 565 570 Gray shale, some siderite and bits of pyrite . 570 575 Gray shale and a little coal . 575 580 Black shale and gray micaceous shale . 580 585 Black micaceous shale and gray sandstone. 585 590 Gray micaceous sandy shale and some black shale. 590 595 Gray micaceous shale and black shale . 595 600 Gray micaceous sandy shale and a little black shale. 600 605 Gray micaceous sandstone and some siderite . 605 610 Gray micaceous shale, some sandstone and siderite . 610 615 Dark micaceous shale . 615 620 Gray micaceous shale with shreds of vegetation . 620 625 Gray sandy shale . 625 635 Gray shale . 635 640 Dark gray shale and some siderite . 640 645 Dark gray shale, some siderite and yellow limestone. 645 650 Dark shale and siderite concretions .;. 650 655 Dark shale, some siderite and a little white limestone. 655 660 Gray shale . 660 670 Gray sandstone, a few bits of pyrite and siderite. 670 680 Gray sandstone . 680 685 Gray sandy shale . 685 690 Dark shale and gray sandy shale . 690 695 Dark gray shale and some siderite . 695 710 Dark gray shale . 710 715. Dark shale and some siderite . 715 725 Dark shale and a little siderite . 725 735 Dark shale, a little white sandstone . 735 745 Dark shale and concretionary siderite . 745 755 Dark shale . 755 760 Black shale . 760 765 Black shale and some sandstone . 765 770 Gray micaceous sandstone and a little black shale. 770 775 Gray shale and micaceous sandstone . 775 780 Gray micaceous shale and a little sandstone. 780 785 Coal and gray shale . 785 790 Gray shale, some fire clay, a little coal and bits of pyrite. 790 795 Gray shale and some gray micaceous sandstone. 795 800 Gray micaceous sandy shale and some gray shale. 800 810 Gray micaceous shale . 810 820 Gray sandy micaceous shale . 820 825 Gray shale and concretionary siderite . 825 830 Coal . 830 835 Black carbonaceous shale and some gray shale. 835 840 Black shale, gray sandstone and a little coal. 840 845 102 DEEP BOEINGS IN ILLINOIS. Description of samples from well on the Drake farm —Concluded. Depth in feet. From. To. White sandstone and a little white limestone. 845 850 Dark shale and some white sandstone with infiltrated lime. 850 860 Dark shale, white sandstone, with infiltrated lime, some small spherical siderite concretions and bits of pyrite. 860 865 Dark shale, white micaceous sandstone and bits of coal. 865 870 White micaceous sandstone . 870 875 Dark shale and white micaceous sandstone . 875 880 Black micaceous shale, white sandstone and some siderite concretions 880 885 Gray micaceous shale . 885 890 Hard black shale and a few pieces of white limestone. 890 895 Gray sandstone and black shale, small spherical siderite concretions and bits of pyrite . 895 900 Black shale . 900 905 Black shale and a very few pieces of white limestone..... 905 910 Black micaceous shale, a little white limestone and a few bits of coal 910 915 Black micaceous shale and a little limestone . 915 920 White sandstone and dark shale . 920 930 White micaceous sandstone containing carbonaceous shreds and a little black shale . 930 935 Dark shale and some white micaceous sandstone. 935 955 Like the preceding, with a few bits of coal. 955 960 Dark micaceous shale . 960 965 White micaceous sandstone, some shale and a few bits of limestone.. 965 975 Gray micaceous shale, black shale and some sandstone. 975 980 Gray shale and some sandstone ... . .... . 980 985 White micaceous sandstone and some dark shale. 985 995 Gray micaceous sandy shale and a few pieces of white limestone. 995 1,005 Gray shale and some sandstone . 1,005 1,010 Gray shale . 1,010 1,020 Black shale and a little gray sandstone with infiltrated lime. 1,020 1,030 Gray micaceous shale, some grayish green pieces of shale and g, few bits of limestone . 1,030 1,045 Dark shale and a little sandstone . 1,045 1,050 Dark shale . 1,050 1,055 Yellow micaceous sand . 1,055 1,060 Yellow micaceous sand and some dark shale . 1,060 1,065 33. WELL NO. 21, ON FARM OF J. C. WILSON, ROBINSON TOWNSHIP, CRAWFORD COUNTY. Well Xo. 21 on the J. C. Wilson farm is operated by the Ohio Oil Company. It is situated in the W. y 2 XW. 14 sec * 17* T. 7 X., R. 12 W., Robinson Township, Crawford County. Its elevation is estimated to be 490 feet above sea level. Its entire section is in the Pennsylvanian. Fusulina was found in the sample from 540 to 545 feet, which represents the horizon of coal Xo. 6. Description of samples from well No. 21 on the Wilson farm, Robinson Township , Crawford County, Illinois. Depth in feet. From. To. Dark gray shale, fine in texture . 200 205 Gray shale, fragments of concretions, and coal . 205 210 Shale, sandy, micaceous, light gray . 210 215 Micaceous sandstone, light, gray and fine-grained . 215 220 Gray micaceous sandy shale . 220 225 Laminated, dark and light gray, micaceous shale . 225 230 Gray, stony shale . 230 235 Like the preceding . 235 240 Like the preceding . 240 245 Black shale and some gray shale . 245 250 Gray shaly sandstone, with infiltrated lime . 250 255 Gray sandstone and shale . 255 260 Gray sandstone, some limestone . 260 265 Gray sandy shale, some limestone . 265 270' Gray sandy shale and concretionary siderite, some limestone. 270 275 Dark gray shale . 275 280 Gray sandstone and yellowish sandstone with infiltrated calcite . 280 285 Coarse white sandstone, yellow micaceous sandstone, and some gray shale . 285 290 WELL EECOEDS. 103 Description of samples from well No. 21 —Continued. Depth in feet. From. To. Coarse white sandstone and gray shale . 290 295 White sandstone, some micaceous sandstone, little dark shale and limestone . 295 300 Gray micaceous sandy shale, some gray shale . 300 305 Gray micaceous sandy shale . 305 310 Gray micaceous shale . 310 315 Gray micaceous shale . 315 320 Gray micaceous shale, some fragments of limestone . 320 325 Dark gray shale, a few bits of limestone. 325 330 Dark gray shale, and a few fragments of limestone, and siderite. 330 335 Gray shale, siderite concretions, some bits of limestone and pyrite. 335 34o Dark gray and black shale . 340 345 Gray shale, limestone and siderite concretions; some quartz grains... 345 350 Gray micaceous sandy shale and black micaceous shale, and a few bits of limestone . 350 355 Gray micaceous and sandy shale. 355 360 Dark gray shale . 360 365 Dark gray shale . 365 370 White organic limestone, brecciated. Crinoid stems, Rhombopora lepidodendroides, Athyris (?), and fragments of other brachiopods noted, one with peculiar finely reticulated structure . 370 375 Yellowish gray limestone, organic breccia . 375 380 Red shale and gray shale, with some black shale . 380 385 Fire clay, some fragments of coal and green shale. 385 390 Greenish gray shaly sandstone . 390 395 Greenish gray shaly sandstone, with some limestone .. 395 400 Light gray micaceous shale . 400 405 Light gray sandy shale . 405 410 Dark gray stony shale . 410 415 Like the preceding . 415 420 Like the preceding . 420 425 Micaceous gray sandy shale, with a few fragments of coal. 425 430 Micaceous sandy shale and shaly sand, laminated ; showing shreds of vegetation . 430 435 Laminated sandstone, shaly, carbonaceous . 435 440 Micaceous sandy gray shale, with bits of carbonaceous shreds. 440 445 Gray shaly sandstone with carbonaceous layers . 445 450 Dark and light sandy shale, laminated . 450 455 Like the prceding . 455 460 Gray shaly sandstone, coal, and some calcite from a joint in the coal 460 465 Greenish gray shaly limestone of compact texture . 465 470 Sandy shale and gray and yellow limestone . 470 475 Gray micaceous sandstone, with some limestone. 475 480 Sandstone with concretionary impregnations of yellow limestone. 480 485 Dark, almost black, stiff shale . 485 490 Black limestone, organic . 490 495 Coal . 495 500 Black shale, with imprints of leaves . 500 505 Coal, some shale . 505 510 Limestone and some micaceous shaly sandstone . 510 515 Coarse white sandstone, pyrite, and some white brecciated limestone. . 515 520 Micaceous coarse sand . 520 525 Micaceous, coarse sand, with some gray shale and limestone. 525 530- White micaceous sandstone . 530 535 White micaceous sand, and some coal and limestone . 535 540» Dark blotchy brown limestone, with Chonetes, Productus, Fusulina, Rhombopora, Fistulipora, crinoid stems, some coal and some black carbonaneous shale . 540 545 Micaceous and carbonaceous gray shaie . 545 550 Dark blotchy limestone with crinoid joints . 550 555. Coal . 555 560. White sandstone, speckled with minute crystals of pyrite and some dark shale . 560 565. White, micaceous and pyritiferous sandstone. Some black “clod,” with an Athyris valve . 565 570' No sample . 570 575. Gray sandstone with concretions of siderite and limestone. 575 580 Gray shale, with concretionary material, as in proceeding sample.... 580 585 Dark gray shale . 585 590 Dark gray shale, some sand. 590 595 Black shale . 595 600 Black shale .. . . . 600 605 Dark shale of fine texture. 605 610 Black calcareous stony shale . 610 615 Black shale of finest texture . 615 620 Greenish gray shaly sandstone, with pyrite crystals . 620 630 Gray sandy shale and fire clay, with bituminous films in thin joints. . . 630 635 Greenish shale, pyritiferous . 635 640' Light greenish gray shale, soapstone . 640 645 Gray shale and micaceous sandstone .*. 645 650 Sandstone, gray, soft .*. 650 655 104 DEEP BORINGS IN ILLINOIS. Description of samvles from well No. 21 —Concluded. Depth in feet. From. To. Shaly, micaceous and laminated sandstone and black shale . 655 660 Dark gray sandy shale . 660 665 Like the preceding . 665 670 Dark shale . 670 675 Black shale . 675 680 Laminated sandy shale . 680 685 Greenish gray, stony shale .. 685 690 Black shale, with coal, considerable pyrite and frequent fragments of pyritized woody tissue . 690 695 Black and gray shale, stony and sandy . 695 700 Gray sandy shale . 700 705 Dark shale of fine texture . 705 710 Like the preceding . 710 715 Gra 3 r sandy rock, with some coal and some pyrite and minute spherical concretions of siderite . 715 720 Black carbonaceous shale and coal, some dark limestone. Some pieces of coal show woody structure . 720 725 Dark limestone and black shale, crinoid stems and pieces of pyrite. .. . 725 730 Black shale . 730 735 Dark sandy shale, little fire clay and limestone (yellow) . 735 740 (Black sandy micaceous shale . 740 745 'Goal, some black sandy shale and pyritized woody tissue. 745 750 White micaceous sand, coal and some fire clay. 750 755 No sample .*. 755 760 White sand with bits of yellow limestone . 760 765 ■Gray sandstone, some yellow limestone and black shale . 765 770 Dark gray shale and limestone, some sandstone and bits of pyrite. . . . 770 775 Black shale, some dark limestone and pyrite fragments . 775 780 ’Black shale, some pyrite . 780 785 ’Dark gray shale . 785 790 ■Gray sandy shale, few pieces of siderite concretions. 790 795 •Gray sandstone end bits of siderite. 795 800 Gray sandy micaceous shale . 800 805 "White micaceous sandstone, gray micaceous sandy shale, little lime¬ stone, and some red fragments . 805 810 White micaceous sandstone, some gray sandy shale, and red fragments 810 815 White sandstone, some dark shale . 815 820 White sandstone, some dark shale . 820 825 White sandstone, some dark shale, and red material. 825 830 White micaceous sandstone, some dark shale . 830 835 White sandstone . 835 840 White micaceous sandstone, with a little gray shale and red material. . 840 845 Dark sandy shale . 845 850 Black micaceous shale, with some yellow coarse-grained sandstone. . . 850 855 Tellow sandstone, coarse grained, and some black shale. 855 860 Gray sand, a little black micaceous shale. 860 865 Gray sand, a little black micaceous shale . 865 870 Black micaceous shale and some gray sand . 870 875 Gray sandstone and some black micaceous shale . 875 880 Gray sandstone and black micaceous shale . 880 885 34. WELL NO. 8, ON FARM OF C. F. CURTIS, IN OBLONG TOWNSHIP, CRAWFORD COUNTY. This is another well belonging to the Ohio Oil Company. It is located on the farm of Mr. C. F. Curtis, at the NE. cor. sec. 11, T. 7 N., E. 14 W., in Oblong Township, Crawford County. The elevation at the well mouth is estimated to be 475 feet above sea level. The entire section is in the Pennsylvanian series. Fusulina occurs in sample from 510 to 515 feet, and the horizon of coal No. 6 is just below this. Description of samples from well No. 8 on Curtis's farm in Oblong Township , Crawford County, Illinois. Depth in feet. From. To. Yellow boulder clay . 1 io Boulder clay and drift gravel . 10 15 Drift, gravel and sand . 15 20 Drift, gravel and sand, with some boulder clay. 20 25 Drift, sand and gravel . * . 25 30 WELL RECORDS. 105 Description of samples from well No. 8 —Continued. Depth in feet. From. To. Drift . 30 35 Drift, sand and gravel . 35 60 Drift, gravel and some sand . 60 70 Drift, sand and gravel. A few bits of coal. 70 75 Drift, sand and gravel . 75 90 Drift, sand and gravel, with some shale . 90 110 Sandy micaceous shale . 110 115 Dark micaceous shale . 115 120 Sandy dark gray shale . 120 13a Sandstone, sandy shale and coal. Some fragments of limestone noted and some pyrite, and showing wood structure. 135 140 Black shale, fire clay and coal . 140 145 Gray and yellow limestone. Gray sandstone and coal with some shale 145 150 Gray sandstone, micaceous and of fine texture. 150 155 Like the preceding with some siderite. 155 165 Moderately coarse gray and yellow micaceous sand. 165 170 Gray shale and micaceous sand . 170 180 Moderately coarse micaceous sandstone . 180 190 Gray, fine sandstone, and yellow concretionary limestone, in which is considerable pyrite . 190 195 Gray micaceous sandy shale and concretionary siderite . 195 200 Gray micaceous sandy shale, and some concretionary siderite. 200 205 Gray micaceous sandy shale and a few pieces of yellow limestone... 205 210 Gray, micaceous, sandy shale. 210 215 Gray micaceous shale . 215 220 Gray micaceous shale, a few pieces of gray sandstone, some white limestone and coal . 220 225 Gray micaceous shale with imprints of vegetation, some fire clay and pieces of white limestone . 225 230 Dark gray micaceous shale . 230 235 Dark gray and gray micaceous shale . 235 240 Dark micaceous shale . 240 245 Black shale, a few pieces of sandstone, siderite, yellow limestone and pyrite . 245 250 Black shale and coal, some pure calcite and white limestone. 250 255 Black shale and coal, some dark limestone and gray sandstone. 255 260 Darkish gray limestone (nodular in structure), some coal, gray sand¬ stone and bits of pyrite . 260 265 Gray shale, concretionary yellow limestone, some white limestone, some gray sandstone, and some black coaly shale. 265 270 Yellowish limestone, some gray limestone, gray sandstone, some con¬ cretionary sandstone, a little coal and pyrite. 270 275 Greenish gray stony shale, with a few very thin laminae of coal. 275 280 Gray micaceous storfy shale . 280 290 Dark gray stony shale . 290 295 Dark greenish gray shale of fine texture. 295 305 Dark shale of fine texture . 305 310 Gray sandstone, browm concretionary siderite, gray shale, black shale, gray limestone, crinoid stems and a few fragments of coal. 310 315 Gray shale and grayish brown fossiliferous limestone, with crinoid stems, brachiopod spines, pieces of shells, etc. 315 320 Gray shale, concretionary brown siderite, some sandstone and coal. The limestone contains organic fragments. The coal is impure and shows very thin lamination . 320 325 Gray sandstone containing shreds of carbonaceous material and pyrite, with some shale . 325 335 Light gray thin bedded micaceous sandstone, some pieces with infil¬ trated calcite . 335 345 Mostly a grayish limestone containing some fine siliceous material, with some yellow and some white limestone and some black shale. . 345 350 Gray limestone and some gray sandy lime, showing occasional obscure fragments of fossils . 350 355 Gray limestone and white limestone with waxy lustre. 355 360 Greenish gray micaceous and sandy shale and some limestone. 360 380 Greenish gray shale of somewhat fine texture. 380 385 Dark gray shale of somewhat fine texture. 385 395 Gray shale . 395 400 Dark, almost black, micaceous shale, showing narrow veins impreg- Black shale with shreds of carbonaceous vegetation. Some gray shale and some siderite . 405 410 Gray shale with carbonaceous shreds, some black coaly shale. A few pieces of siderite noted . 410 415 Gray and black coaly shale and gray sandstone. 415 425 Gray sandstone, some gray shale and pieces of siderite. 425 435 Gray micaceous sandy shale, some gray shale and concretionary siderite . 435 440 Dark gray shale . 440 445 Dark gray shale and concretionary siderite. 445 455 Dark gray shale, with imprints of vegetation, and some siderite.... 455 460 106 DEEP BOEINGS IN ILLINOIS. Description of samples from well No. 8 —Concluded. Depth in feet. From. To. Gray shale with imprints of vegetation. Some siderite and some carbonaceous shale . 460 465 Gray sandstone and white limestone, some fragments of coal and of concretionary siderite . 465 475 Gray micaceous shale, some yellow concretionary siderite, a little limestone and gray shale . 475 480 Gray micaceous sandy shale, some yellow limestone and siderite. 480 485 Dark gray sandy micaceous shale, some gray shale, concretionary siderite and some gray sandstone... 485 490 Dark micaceous shale . 490 495 Dark gray micaceous shale and some siderite. 495 500 Black limestone, some black shale, and some siderite. Crinoid stems noted . 500 505 Black limestone, some black shale, some coal and siderite. Crinoid stems noted . 505 510 Black limestone, some black shale, coal and siderite. A Fusilina, a lamellibranch (?) shell; Aviculopecten carboniferous; a minute gasteropod and some crinoid spines and stems noted. The limestone yields bituminous and sulphurous odors when heated. 510 515 Dark limestone, some pieces impregnated with small particles of pyrite, some coal and black shale, some siderite and fragments of white limestone and calcite . 515 520 Black limestone, a few pieces of coal, pyrite, siderite, white lime¬ stone and crinoid stems . 520 525 Gray micaceous sandstone, some black limestone, coal and gray shale with pyrite, siderite, and white limestone. 525 530 Gray micaceous sandstone . 530 550 White micaceous sandstone with some concretionary limestone and bits of coal . 550 555 White micaceous sandstone and coal, with some fire clay, siderite, white limestone, much pyrite, and some calcite. Productus, Ed- mondia nebrascensis (?), Hemipronites crassus, Chonetes puncta- tus (?), some small gasteropods, several crinoid spines and stems and a bryozoan like Rhombopora noted. 555 560 Gray sandstone and coal, with some white limestone, pyrite calcite, shale and a few crinoid stems. 560 565 Dark gray shale, some coal, sandstone, pyrite and fire clay. 565 570 Gray micaceous sandstone, with a little fire clay and shale. 570 575 Gray micaceous sandstone, some of which is studded with spherules of pyrite measuring from 1 to 3 mm. in diameter, and showing faces of small cubic crystals on the surface. 575 585 Gray micaceous shale . 585 610 Gray micaceous shale and some siderite. 610 615 Dark gray shale . 615 620 Gray shale and some yellow limestone, concretionary siderite in large fragments and in minute spherules, coal and some sandstone. 620 625 Gray micaceous shale, a little yellow limestone, siderite, pyrite and coal . 625 630 Gray micaceous sandstone and shale with siderite, fire clay and coal. . 630 635 Gray micaceous sandstone and some shale. 635 640 Gray micaceous sandstone . 640 645 Gray micaceous sandstone, with some siderite. 645 650 Gray micaceous shale and some yellow limestone, and fire clay. 650 655 Dark gray shale, some fire clay and concretionary siderite. 655 660 Dark gray micaceous shale, a little yellow limestone and siderite. . . . 660 675 Dark gray micaceous shale . 675 680 Dark gray and some micaceous black shale, with a little siderite.... 680 685 Dark shale, with imprints of vegetation, and some fire clay. 685 690 Dark shale and concretionary siderite . 690 695 Dark micaceous shale and some siderite. 695 700 Dark gray micaceous shale . 700 715 Gray micaceous shale and some sandstone. 715 725 Gray laminated sandstone and black shale. 725 730 Dark shale, concretionary siderite and a little sandstone. 730 735 Hard black shale . 735 740 Black shale, some coal and sandstone and a little siderite. 740 745 Gray micaceous shale, some yellow limestone, some black shale and a few bits of coal . 745 750 Black shale and a few fragments of yellow limestone and coal. 750 755 Black micaceous shale . 755 760 Coal and a few pieces of black shale . 760 765 Coal and black shale, some white limestone, a little sandstone, siderite and bits of pyrite. 765 770 Gray sandstone, some dark shale, bits of coal and limestone. 770 775 Gray micaceous sandstone and a little yellow limestone. 775 79fr Dark micaceous shale and a little siderite. 790 795 Black shale and a little coal. A little gray limestone noted. 795 800 Black shale, a little coal and a little sandstone. 800 805 Dark pyritiferous shale and some gray sandstone!. 805 815 Gray micaceous shale .:. 815 820 Gray micaceous shale and a few bits of coal. 820 825 WELL RECORDS. 107 35. WELL NO. 7, ON FARM OF MATTHEW SHILTZ, OBLONG TOWNSHIP, CRAWFORD COUNTY. This well was drilled for the Ohio Oil Company on the SE. ^4 sec. 7, T. 7 N., R. 14 W., Oblong Township, Crawford County. The the Pennsylvanian. The horizon of coal No. 6 is at about 585 feet below the surface. Description of samples from well No. 7, on Shiltz farm. Depth in feet. From. To. Light gray micaceous sandstone or sandy shale. The laminae are from 1/20-1/8 in. thick . 185 190 Gray micaceous shaly sandstone, with carbonaceous foliations showing leaf fragments and needle-like impressions. Biotite scales noted. . . 190 195 Like the preceding . 195 200 Gray micaceous shaly sandstone and black carbonaceous shale. 200 205 Gray micaceous shaly sandstone, with carbonaceous foliations. 205 210 Gray calcareous limestone, partly organic fragmental, apparently con¬ cretionary. A fragment of a black silicified piece of a fern stem noted . 210 215 Light gray sandy shale, micaceous . 215 220 Gray sandstone, fine in texture, and with a calcareous matrix. 220 225 Like the preceding . 225 230 Light gray, sandy shale . 230 235 Like the preceding . 235 240 Like the preceding . 240 245 Like the preceding . 245 250 Light gray sandy and micaceous shale and some calcareous concre¬ tionary material . 250 255 Dark micaceous shale and micaceous gray sandstone . 255 260 Gray, stony shale . 260 265 Black fissile shale (miner’s slate), and greenish fire clay. 265 270 Gray sandy shale and black shale . 270 275 Greenish gray shale of fine texture . 275 280 Light gray shaly sandstone and shale, biotitic. 280 285 Light gray sandy and micaceous shale, with some dark and soft, marly material . 285 295 Gray sandy shale . 290 295 Dark gray sandy shale . 295 300 Dark gray sandy and micaceous, stony, shale . 300 305 Like the preceding . 305 310 Like the preceding . 310 315 Like the preceding . 315 320 Dark gray stony shale and green fire clay . 320 325 Dark gray shale of fine texture . 325 330 Like the preceding . 330 33o Dark shale, with impressions of narrow leaf-like forms of vegetation and of fragments of thin shells . 335 340 Miner’s slate, black, and some coaly shale . . . . .‘. 340 345 Gray sandstone, moderately coarse . 345 350 Light gray sandy shale with layers of shaly sandstone which contains spherules of brown siderite . 350 355 Gray calcareous limestone . 355 360 Gray limestone and some black shale. Chetetes milleporaceus noted. . 360 365 Micaceous gray sandy shale or sandstone with some concretionary lime¬ stone .'. 365 370 Gray micaceous sandstone and sandy shale . 370 375 Like the preceding . 375 380 Gray, soft shaly sandstone. Some fragments have a brownish tint..,. 380 385 Like the preceding . 385 390 Gray fine-grained shale . 390 395 Gray sandy shale, light . 395 400 Micaceous and sandy, stiff shale, light gray, with narrow impressions, carbonaceous, of small leaves and bits of brown tests of Crustacea. Many fragments of coal . 400 405 Medium gray stiff shales of fine texture, with many fragments' of coal. 405 410 Gray shale of fine texture, with fossil fragments . 410 415 Shale, sandy, micaceous, greenish gray, with loaf imprints. 415 420 Shale, sandy, micaceous, and greenish gray, with small black frag¬ ments of vegetation . 420 425 Sandstone, fine in texture, micaceous, shaly, light gray. 425 440 Gray shale of fine texture, greenish, only very slightly micaceous. 440 445 Sandy shale, gray, micaceous, with bits of vegetation . 445 450 Light gray shale, stony . 450 455 / 108 DEEP BORINGS IN ILLINOIS. Description of samples from well No. 7 —Continued. Depth in feet. From. To. Shale, greenish gray, micaceous . 455 470 .Dark greenish gray shale, of fine, even texture . 470 475 Coal and fine gray shale and fire clay . 475 48 0 Limestone, some dark and compact, with very slow effervescence, some light, calcareous, with crystalline cleavage like that in crinoid stems. Also some limestone and shale, with small spherules of clay ironstone, magnetic after fusion, .125 mm. to .5 mm. in diameter. Wood in coaly pyrite . 480 485 Shaly sandstone of light gray color . 485 495 Dark gray, stony, micaceous shale . 495 500 Gray sandstone and shale . 500 505 Gray shale, stiff, fine textured . 505 510 Dark gray micaceous shale . 510 515 Gray dark shale, stiff, micaceous . 515 52o Gray limestone and coal, limestone is organic fragmental. Crinoid joints noted .‘. 520 525 Coal and some gray fire clay. 525 530 Gray sandstone with a little micaceous shale . 530 540 Gray sandstone and sandy shale. 540 545 Gray sandstone, fine textured . 545 55» Gray, micaceous, stony (sandy) shale. 555 670 Gray shaly fire clay or shale. 570 575 Dark shale and a little coal.* Shale is fine and carbonaceous. 575 580 Black limestone, effervescing slowly, with embedded organic fragments and pyrite. Green grains, or fillings, in limestone; crinoid stems; fragments of shells; and spines of brachiopods ; Fusulina noted. 585 590 Dark gray, stiff, micaceous shale . 590 595 Gray micaceous shaly sandstone and shale . 595 60u Shaly sandstone, gray, micaceous . 600 605 Dark calcareous limestone, with Athyris, crinoid stems and spines in many fragments, and coal, in coarse and fine fragments. 605 615 Gray sandstone and black shale . 615 620 Gray sandy shale ... 620 625 Sandstone, light gray, fine textured, thinly laminated, and some yellow concretionary material . 625 630 Gray shaly sandstone, micaceous . 635 640 Gray sandy shale and fire clay . 640 645 Gray sandy shale . 640 650 Gray shale, fine textured . 650 660 Gray sandy shale with straight laminations . 660 665 Black shale, with gray blotches, laminated (miner’s slate) . 665 670 Black shale, and dark gray shale . 670 675 Light greenish gray shale of fine texture . 675 680 Like the preceding . 680 685 Black shale, almost slaty .*. 685 69u Black stiff shale of fine texture . 690 695 Dark gray shale ... 695 700 Gray sandy shale . 700 705 Gray stiff shale, and some earthly shale . 705 710 Dark gray earthly shale and light gray sandstone. 710 715 Dark gray laminated shale. 715 725 Dark gray, laminated, micaceous shale, with imprints of leaves and bits of vegetation . 725 730 Gray shale, sandy and micaceous, with imprints of fragments of leaves 730 735 Very dark shale, micaceous . 735 740 Black shale (miner’s slate) . 740 745 Like the preceding, with pyrites . 745 750 Gray sandstone, with some coal . 750 755 Sandstone and laminated, dark gray shale . 755 760 Dark gray shale . 760 765 Shale, dark gray, some dark fire clay, coal . 765 770 Coal, hardly anything else, large sample. 770 775 Light gray, sandy, fire clay and coal . 775 780 Light gray, micaceous, pyritiferous sandstone, and some dark shale... 780 785 Light gray micaceous sandstone . 785 790 Micaceous light gray sandstone. 790 795 Sandy gray shale and fire clay, dark, and showing' slickensides. 795 800 Dark gray shale, fine in texture, with some slickensided pieces. 8^0 8»'5 Black miner’s slate . 805 810 Black, coaly shale, with a light gray rock composed of clay and con¬ taining small spherules of clay ironstone, .25 mm. to .5 mm. in diameter .. 810 815 Dark gray shale with some fine small flakes of mica. 815 820 Coal and some dark shale, with fragments of brown clay ironstone... 820 825 Fire clay, shale, dark and light gray sandstone . 825 830 Dark gray shale and shaly light gray sandstone . 830 835 Black shale, coal and fire clay . 835 840 Gray sandy shale and black shale, some coal . 840 845 Gray sandy shale, black shale, some coal. 845 850 Black and gray shale, laminated . 850 855 Dark gray shale, micaceous, and sandy, light gray shale. 855 860 WELL RECORDS. 109 Description of samples from well No. 7 —Concluded. Depth in feet. From. To. Black shale and gray shale, micaceous; imprints of leaves. 860 Gray and black shale, some of the black shale with thin laminae of coal . 86*> Gray micaceous and sandy shale and shaly sandstone. 870 Black coaly shale (miners slate), some impure coal, and some fire clay 875 Dark gray shale, stiff .. 880 Some gray shale, some shaly sandstone, some “cloddy” limestone with crinoid stems and other fossils in fragments. Much of the sample is a stony, sandy fire clay, in which are embedded spherules Of clay ironstone .125 mm. to .5 mm. in diameter. On grinding some frag¬ ments containing these spherules a centre of pyrite was seen in some. The embedded spherules lie quite close together, giving the appear¬ ance of an oolitic rock . 885 Gray micaceous sandy shale and fire clay. 890 Gray shaly, micaceous, sandstone, or sandy shale . 895 Like the preceding . 900 Gray shaly, micaceous, sandstone ... 905 Gray sandstone, with carbonaceous, black foliations . 910 Like the preceding . 915 Yellowish sandstone, grains float on water . 920 Gray sand, less oily, .125 mm. to .25 mm. in diameter. 925 865 870 875 880 885 890 895 900 905 910 915 920 925 950 36. WELL NO. 15, ON FARM OF 0. F. EDWARDS IN OBLONG TOWNSHIP, CRAWFORD COUNTY. This well, which is also operated by the Ohio Oil Company, is located on the farm of Mr. 0. F. Edwards in the SE. *4 sec. 7, Oblong Town¬ ship, Crawford County. The elevation of its curb is 485 feet above sea level. Description of samples from the Edward well No. 15. Depth in feet. From. To. Loess or silt, with some sand . 0 5 Boulder clay, thoroughly leached . 5 10 Like the preceding . 10 15 Yellow boulder clay, calcareous . 15 20 Yellowish gray calcareous boulder clay, with limestone pebbles. 20 25 Sand and gravel, washed from boulder clay. 25 30 Sand and gravel, washed from boulder clay. 30 35 Like the preceding . 35 40 Gray boulder clay . 40 45 Sand and gravel, washed from boulder clay. 45 50 Mostly sandstone, fairly coarse, with some limestone fragments of fossils, probably Productus semi-recticulatus, Retzia, Rhombopora lepidodendroides, Fistulipora, Tubipora, and joints of crinoid stems 50 55 Sandstone, gray micaceous, friable . 55 60 Like the preceding . 60 65 Gray friable shale, slightly micaceous. 65 70 Like the preceding . 70 75 Like the preceding . 75 80 Like the preceding . 80 85 “Dirt bed” material, dark crumbling silt clay, with some coal. 85 90 Impure fire clay and shale, much coal, and concretions of caloite and siderite . 90 95 Dark shale . 95 100 Gray shale, micaceous . 100 105 Gray shale and marly material, containing the pygidium Of a small trilobite, fragments of bryozoa, and joints of crinoid stems. 105 110 Almost black shale, containing small ostracods, 1/30 inch in length and an impression of some smooth flat objects, having the shape of an equilateral triangle with perfectly straight sides measuring 1/6 inch . 110 115 Black shale with impressions of fucoidal bands 1/10 inch in width. Part of sample a dark limestone with crinoid stems, a small pentagonal crinoid plate, and a small brachiopod (Ambocoelia um- bonata ?) 115 120 Dark limestone, of characteristic appearance of “clod” limestone; clay; fissile shale and coal. The limestone has the same fossils as in the preceding . 120 125 Dark limestone as above, with irregularly curved Ammodiscus tubes. Also coal and some fire clay. The coal probably lies at a depth of about 125 feet, and is underlain by the fire clay. 125 130 110 DEEP BORINGS IN ILLINOIS. Description of samples from the Edward well No. 15 —Continued. Depth in feet. From. To. Gray micaceous sandstone . 130 135 Like the above . 135 140 Micaceous shaly sandstone and sandy shale . 140 145 Micaceous shaly sandstone .. .... 145 150 Micaceous shaly sandstone and sandy shale . 150 155 Coal, some “clod” and some shale . 155 160 Gray micaceous sandstone . 160 165 Gray micaceous sandstone, with one large piece of coal and one large piece of black shale, containing fragments of some thin shells, ^ probably a Lingula . 165 170 Gva.y sandstone, with some calcareous rock. 170 175 Shaly micaceous gray sandstone . 175 180 Like the preceding with some small fragments of a calcareous rock. . 180 185 Dark gray sandy shale with large flakes of mica. 185 190 Dark gray micaceous shale . 190 195 Gray micaceous shale, with shreds of vegetation. 195 200 Limestone, compact, yellowish white and dark gray, containing crinoid stems and fragments of other unidentified fossils. Splits into thin fragments, and has a sort of waxy lustre. 200 205 Like the preceding . 205 210 Gray shale, somewhat micaceous . 210 215 Fire clay, shale, and sandstone . 215 220 Mostly sandstone having a calcareous matrix and a few embedded organic calcareous fragments . 220 225 Sandy shale or shaly sandstone, with some black mica. 225 230 Gray sandstone . 230 235 Gray sandstone, laminated with thin layers of carbonaceous material 235 240 Dark gray sandstone, laminated, micaceous, with thin carbonaceous foliations, and with a calcareous cement . 240 245 Sandstone, dark gray, shaly, biotitic. Some fragments show yellow specks of presumably concretionary iron carbonate; other frag¬ ments are closely studded with minute grains of pyrite. 245 250 Some sandstone like the preceding, dark shale, and fire clay. 250 255 Dark shale and sandstone, both biotitic. 255 260 Black shale and some fragments of a coarse shell breccia containing crinoid stems . 260 265 Like the preceding . 265 270 Gray sandstone . 270 275 Gray sandstone, with a brown, slowly effervescing sandstone. 275 280 Like the preceding, with more of the brown rock, which seems to have a concretionary (oolitic) structure and consists mainly of carbonate of iron with some calcareous grains . 280 285 Gray sandstone, micaceous . 285 290 Like the preceding . 290 295 Like the preceding, with some shaly sandstone. 29.5 300 Gray sandstone, micaceous . 300 305 Like the preceding . 305 310 Gray shale . 310 315 Gray shale, with small ostracod, and a spiral Ammodiscus . 315 320 Gray shale, with narrow ribbon-shaped impressions of vegetation and with ostracods and a spiral Ammodiscus . 320 325 Gray sandy shale and micaceous sandstone. 325 330 Micaceous sandstone and coarse gray shale. 330 335 Coarse sandstone . 335 340 Sandstone, with yellow grains (concretionary) of carbonate of iron, larger than the sand grains. 340 345 Gray shale with some very compact fragments of carbonate of lime concretions . 345 350 Faintly yellowish gray limestone, splitting into thin chips, with many unrecognizable fragments of organic origin. 350 355 Like the preceding .. . 355 360 Limestone, like the preceding, with a brachiopod shell fragment, a Zaphrentis and joints of crinoid stems. Also some dark gray shale 360 365 Greenish gray shale . 365 370 Gray micaceous sandstone and shale . 370 375 Like the preceding . 375 380 Like the preceding . 380 385 Gray shale, fine textured . 385 390 Gray shale, fine textured . 390 395 Bluish gray sandstone . 395 400 Shale, mostly dark gray, and of fine texture. 400 405 Sandstone and sandy shale . 405 410 Micaceous sandstone and shale . 410 415 Gray silty shale . 415 420 Dark gray shale . 420 425 Gray sandstone and shale . 425 430 Gray shale and some impure coal . 430 435 Micaceous gray shale, with fragments of concretions of siderite. 435 440 Gray shale . 440 445 Gray shale, or fire clay . 445 450 Gray shale, stony and dark, micaceous . 450 455 WELL RECORDS. Ill Description of samples from the Edward well No. 15 —Continued. Depth in feet. From. To. Some gray shale like the above. But mostly a dark dirty yellow clay too oily to mix with water, giving off gas and oil when heated and losing much of its weight on ignition, probably 30 or 40 per cent. . 455 460 Like the preceding, with much coal. 460 465 Sandstone, gray, micaceous, and some pieces of a black limestone, containing fragments of fossils . 465 470 Oily clay, like that above, with coal and gray stony shale and some pyrite . 470 475 Like the preceding, with much coal and some fossiliferous limestone. . 475 480 Sandstone, with some yellow limestone containing organic fragments.. 480 485 •Gray shale and some sandstone . 485 490 Dark gray shale . 490 495 Dark gray shale . 495 500 Dark gray shale with a small Ammodiscus and some narrow fucoid markings ..'. 500 505 Gray limestone with embedded yellow fragments of fossils with some black shale and coal . 505 510 Mostly fire clay and coal . 510 515 Sandstone, some coarse, some thinly laminated. 515 520 Sandstone, comparatively coarse . 520 525 Sandstone of average texture . 525 530 Sandstone . 530 535 Dark arenaceous shale . 535 540 Shaly sandstone, black shale and coal . 540 545 Some coal, fire clay, and dark sandy shale. 545 550 Mostly coal, some black shale and fire clay . 550 555 Gray sandstone, with a compact yellowish gray limestone, breaking frequently into rectangular fragments, and probably of concre¬ tionary origin . 555 560 Dark shale and sandy gray shale with fragments of concretions of siderite . 560 565 Gray shaly sandstone . 565 570 Dark “cloddy” shale and coal, with some sandstone. 570 575 Coal, stony fire clay and sandy shale . 575 580 Gray sandy shale . 580 585 Shaly sandstone . 585 590 Shaly sandstone, greenish sandy shale, coal and concretionary siderite 590 595 Like the preceding . 595 600 Gray shale . 600 605 Dark gray shale, hard . 605 610 Like the preceding . 610 615 Dark gray shale .i. 615 620 Like the preceding . 620 625 Like the preceding . 625 630 Dark gray shale with a fine textured and compact limestone, in part gray, in part yellow, apparently concretionary . 630 635 Gray shale, with concretionary limestone like that in the above. 635 640 Gray sandstone and some black shale . 640 645 Gray fine-grained sandstone, with some black coaly shale. 645 650 Like the preceding, but with less shale . 650 655 Gray shale and black shale . 655 660 Gray shale . 660 665 Black micaceous shale and gray shale, with concretionary material.. 665 670 Black micaceous shale with concretionary material. 670 675 Gray and black shale and coal... 675 680 Coal and gray shale .’.. 680 685 Gray shaly and micaceous sandstone with much carbonaceous material, and with imprints of vegetation abundant in some frag¬ ments . 685 690 Dark gray sandstone of fine texture with thin layers of carbonaceous material . 690 695 Dark gray micaceous shale with imprints of fern leaves. 695 700 Dark gray shale, micaceous .. 700 705 Dark gray shale, micaceous, stony . 705 710 Like the preceding . 710 715 Like the preceding . 715 720 Like the preceding . 720 725 Black shale, hard . 725 730 Black shale . 730 735 Black shale, with “clod” limestone containing a crinoid stem; some coal . 735 740 Gray micaceous sandstone, comparatively coarse in texture. 740 745 Gray sandstone .•. 745 750 Shale, almost black . 750 755 Black shale and coal . 755 760 Black shale and fragments of “clod” limestone, coal and fire clay. . . 760 765 Like the preceding . 765 770 Gray micaceous sandstone, with brown concretionary material. 770 775 Gray sandstone and dark shale . 775 780 Gray shale and some sandstone . 780 785 Gray sandstone and shale, with much brown concretionary material. . . 785 790 112 DEEP BORINGS IN ILLINOIS. Description of samples from the Edward well No. 15 —Concluded. Depth in feet. From. To. Like the preceding-, with some calcareous material . 790 795 Gray shale, and some fire clay with thin carbonaceous flakes embedded 795 800 Dark gray shale, micaceous . 800 805 Like the preceding . 805 810 Shale, almost black . 810 815 Like the last . 815 820 Black and gray shale, some “clod” limestone, some fire clay and some concretionary carbonate of lime . 820 825 Black clay, shale, some coaly shale, some brown and soft concre¬ tionary material . 825 830 Dark bluish shale and some sandstone . 830 835 “Clod” limestone, dark and black shale, coal and greenish shaly fire clay . 835 840 Bluish gray shaly fire clay and black shale . 840 845 Gray fire clay and some coal . 845 850 Black shale, gray shale and sandstone . 850 85b Gray shale and shaly sandstone . 855 860 Black shale and coal, with some concretionary siderite . 860 865 Like the preceding . 865 870 Like the preceding . 870 875 Black shale and gray shale with much concretionary siderite and some coal . 875 880 Dark gray shale, with concretionary siderite .. 880 885 Dark gray shale, with much concretionary siderite . 885 890 Black, micaceous shale . 890 895 Black shale, slightly micaceous . 895 900 Mostly black shale, with some concretionary material. 900 905 Thinly laminated shale with alternate light and dark layers . 905 910 Dark gray, stiff shale . 910 915 Dark gray shale, laminated.,. 915 920 Laminated shale, with sandy laminae about 1/64 in. in thickness. 920 925 Like the preceding, but with sandy layers, thicker . 925 930 Like the preceding . 930 935 Like the preceding . 935 940 Coaly black shale and gray shaly sandstone, both micaceous. 940 945 Black shale, greenish gray shale, and sandstone . 945 950 Crumbly gray sand, some 70 per cent of the grains measuring from .125 mm. to .25 mm. in diameter. Some 20 per cent measuring less than .125 mm., and only a few measuring more than .25 mm. The sand floats on water. 950 955 Black shale . 955 960 Black shale, brownish concretionary siderite and some sand. 960 965 Gray faintly brownish sand which floats on water, with some coherent lumps, which emit oil when heated . 965 970 Thinly laminated shale sandstone, alternate laminae of dark and light material. Laminae mostly about .5 mm. in diameter. Slightly effervescent with acid . 970 975 Like the preceding, but more shaly with fewer laminations.. ... 975 980 Dark stony shale, with thin layers of alternating light and dark mate¬ rial, with some concretionary brownish carbonate of iron. 980 985 Sandy laminated shale or shaly sandstone, layers bended and curving 985 990 Samples taken every 5 feet for the entire depth of the well were submitted for examination. All have the general appearance of the de¬ posits of the Pennsylvanian series in this region. An oily clay, con¬ taining a considerable percentage of bituminous material, and of a yellow color, occurs at a depth of 455 to 465 feet, and again at a depth of 470 to 475 feet. There is a sufficient quantity of oil in this clay to prevent its mixing with water, to render it soft, coherent, and decidedly plastic, to make faint grease spots on the paper bags in which the samples were kept, and to distil readily from the clay in quantities suffi¬ cient to support a flame in an open receptacle. Two limestones appear in the upper part of the section, one at the depth of 200 feet and the other at the depth of 360 feet. The latter is probably to be correlated with a limestone horizon which occurs at about 160 feet above coal No. 6 , in the Belleville region, and the former is most likely the equivalent WELL RECORDS. 113 of the Carlinville limestone, about 150 feet higher up in the section, coal No. 6 is believed to be either the coal at 477 feet or else the coal at 510 feet, most probably the latter. The number of coal seams pene¬ trated is no less than fourteen or fifteen, and they fall into three groups, the lower group consisting of five coals, probably in thin beds, including those between 670 and 850 feet in depth. This group probably includes coals No. 1 and No. 2 of Northern Illinois. The middle group com¬ prises the coals from 430 to 580 feet below the surface and no doubt includes coal No. 6. The uppermost group, comprising some small coals of the upper “Coal Measures” of Worthen, are the coals in the upper 200 feet of the section. The sandy shale in the lower part of the section, which contains the oil-sand, exhibits a quite persistent lamination of thin dark and light layers. It is believed that this feature may be useful in its identification in the nearest outcrops. This part of the section prob¬ ably belongs to the Pottsville. 37. CRAIG AND LOWRIE's TEST WELL, ROBINSON, CRAWFORD COUNTY. The Craig and Lowrie test well, at Eobinson, is located on W. T. Highsmittds farm, in the NE. ^4 sec. 14, T. 7 N., K. 12 W. 2% miles southeast of Eobinson, Crawford County. Some cuttings were submitted for examination from the lower part of this well extending from 1,576 to 1,940 feet in depth. All the sam¬ ples are evidently from the Mississippian. The cherty rock at 1,710 and 1,740 may be from the Burlington and the brown rock in the lowest three samples may be from the Kinderhook, but the samples give no certain evidence that such is the case. Description of samples from well at Robinson, Illinois. Depth in feet. Light gray limestone, effervescing slowly for a calcareous rock. A small unrecognizable fragment of some fossil was noted. One-fourth of the material was dark gray shale .. 1,575 Light gray, or white limestone, effervescing slowly for a calcareous rock.. Some dark shale . 1,585 The largest fragments consist of dark shale. There is also some bluish green shale. Most of the sample is a finely ground and highly effervescent limestone with a shaly matrix. The limestone has widely scattered bright green specks. Some is dark gray and fi'agmental. Oolitic spherules are plentiful. They range from .125 mm. to .5 mm. in diameter. They are oblate, prolate, flattened prolate, and spheroid in form, occasionally united in clusters. The limestone has occasional specks of pyrite. A crinoid stem was noted. The rock is decidedly Mississippian in aspect. 1,600 White and grayish white calcareous limestone . 1,640 Grayish white limestone, effervescing very briskly with acid. Occasional spherules present, showing incrustations. A small fragment of some shell noted. Some greenish shale of very fine texture, and capable of breaking into sharp splinters . 1,650 Yellowish gray oolitic limestone, with spherules mostly from .1 to .3 mm. in diameter. Some dark greenish black, shale present. Some cubic pyrite noted . 1,655 Light straw-colored dolomitic limestone, consisting of crystals mostly from .06 mm. to .125 mm. in diameter . 1,690 Like the preceding . 1,700 —8 G 114 DEEP BORINGS IN ILLINOIS. Description of samples from well at Robinson —Concluded. Depth In feet. Dark gray calcareous limestone, with some white chert, some black shale, and some dolomitic limestone. The latter evidently from above. A joint of a crinoid stem noted. 1,710 Gray dolomitic limestone of fine texture. Some fragments are chert and some gypsum, as shown by hardness, fusibility and test for sulphur. 1,740 Gray calcareous limestone. Some fragments consist of accretions of sphe¬ rules .25 mm. in diameter. Some spines of brachiopods, sponge spicules (?), and other fossil fragments were noted in the finest material. Bryozoa noted . 1,825 Brownish gray calcareous limestone with some crinoid joints. 1,895 Brownish gray calcareous limestone, with some oolitic white rock. A few slivers of black shale and some crinoid joints noted . 1,920 Brownish gray calcareous limestone with some rare white oolitic spherules. . 1,930 The limestone in the last three samples is probably an organic cal¬ careous silt. In a certain light under the microscope the rock shows a fine text resembling that of a clastic rock with interstitial cement. 38. WELL NO. 21, ON FARM OF L. R. NEWLIN, MARTIN TOWNSHIP, CRAWFORD COUNTY. Another well of the Ohio Oil Company is in the property of Mr. L. E. Newlin in the SW. SE. % sec. 27> T. 6 N., E. 13 W., in Martin Township, Crawford County. Its elevation is 498 feet above sea level. The last 90 feet of the section are probably in the Pottsville. The coal at 500 feet is probably No. 6. Description of samples from well on Newlin farm. Depth in feet. From. To. Drift . 1 25 Dark limestone, brown limestone, fragments of coal and yellow sand. . . 25 30 Dark limestone with sand . 30 40 Gray sandstone with infiltrated calcite . 40 45 Gray sandstone, some yellow limestone and siderite . 45 50 Gray sandstone with some yellow limestone. Pyrite noted. 50 60 Coarse gray micaceous sand with fragments of coal . 60 65 Coarse gray micaceous sand . 65 70 Coarse gray micaceous sandstone . 70 75 Coal and some fire clay. 75 80 Gray micaceous sand. A little calcareous substance in sand. 80 110 Dark micaceous shale and sand . 110 115 Gray micaceous shale and sand. A few fossil fragments. 115 120 Limestone, fragmental, organic crinoid fragments and bryozoa noted.. 120 125 Light gray shale of fine texture . 125 130 Limestone, in part fragmental, and some shale . 130 135 Gray sandy shale, with some crinoidal limestone. 135 140 Gray micaceous sandy shale, with some limestone . 140 145 Gray micaceous shale . 145 150 Gray micaceous sandstone and much dark clay-iron-stone. 150 155 Gray micaceous shaly sandstone, with embedded shreds of vegetation. . 155 160 Gray micaceous shaly sandstone . 160 165 Like the preceding . 165 170 Fine grained, gray micaceous sandstone with interstitial calcite. 170 175 Some black, fissile shale. Mostly a dark blotched organic breccia lime¬ stone, containing many crinoid stems, some small shells of Athyris and some crinoid spines. 175 180 Like the preceding, with some sandstone and coal . . .. 180 185 Sandstone, limestone and shale . 185 190 Micaceous sandstone, with some laminated sandy shale . 190 195 Gray sandstone, quite coarse . 195 200 Gray sandstone . 200 205 Gray sandstone . 205 210 Micaceous silty gray shale . 210 215 Like the preceding . 215 220 Like the preceding . 220 Like the preceding . 225 230 Like the preceding . 230 235 Like the preceding . 235 240 WELL RECORDS. 115 Description of samples from well on Newlin form —Continued. Depth in feet. From. To. Gray shale, and some dark shale . 240 245 Bellerophone, Athyris, a cyathophyllid, two gastropods . 245 250 Black shale and coal . 250 255 Yellowish and gray concretionary siderite and limestone, with some fire clay and coal . 255- 260 Gray shale . 260 265 Gray sandstone and some dark shale . 265 270 Gray, micaceous sandstone . 270 275 Laminated gray sandstone of fine texture. 275 280 Gray shale and fire clay . 280 285 Gray sandstone . 285 290 White sandstone with siderite concretions . 290 295 Laminated sandstone . 295 300 Micaceous sandstone and dark shale . 300 305 White, micaseous sandstone . 305 310 Like the preceding . 310 315 Like the preceding . 315 320 Like the preceding . 320 325 Like the preceding .. 325 330 Gray, sandy shale, micaceous . 330 335 Like the preceding . 335 340 Like the preceding . 340 345 Gray, micaceous, sandy shale and some dark gray shale. 345 350 Like the preceding with some clay ironstone. 350 355 Mostly coal, some shale and some fragments of concretionary lime¬ stone . 355 360 Gray sandstone with siderite . 360 365 Gray sandy shale, micaceous . 365 370 Like the preceding . 370 375 Gray sandstone, with some white limestone . 375 380 Gray sandstone, with interstitial calcareous material and some pure white limestone . 380 385 Greenish gray sandstone . 385 390 Gray sandstone with many concretionary spherules about .5 mm. in diameter . 390 395 Gray sandstone ..'.. 395 400 Dark gray sandy shale, stiff . 400 405 Dark gray micaceous shale . 405 410 Dark gray shale . 410 415 Dark shale and limestone with pyrite, calcite and an Estheria (?)... 415 420 Coal with some limestone fragments and shale . 420 425 Coal and fire clay . 425 430 Gray sandstone, with some yellow fragments of concretionary material 430 435 Gray sandstone . 435 440 White sandstone . 440 445 Yellowish white sandstone . 445 450 Dark shale . 450 455 Black shale and coal . 455 460 Gray sandstone, micaceous ... 460 465 Gray limestone and some large quartz grains . 465 470 Gray sandy shale, micaceous . 470 475 Sandstone and some limestone . 475 480 Shaly sandstone, with some siderite concretions . 480 485 Black and dark micaceous shale . 485 490 Black dolomitic limestone, with calcite, Rhombopora lepidedendroides and crinoid stems . 490 495 Black limestone, with crinoid stems, and coal . 495 500 Gray micaceous sandstone, with some intersticial calcareous material, 500 505 Like the preceding . 505 510 Gray sandstone and a dirty yellow dolomitic limestone concretion¬ ary (?) . 510 515 Gray sandy or silty shale, with yellow concretionary limestone. 515 520 Gray silty shale, with embedded carbonaceous shreds . 520 525 Gray silty shale with thin layers of shiny coal of silky lustre. Coal layer in one fragment adhering to the shale . 525 530 Gray shale of fine texture . 530 535 Dark shale of fine texture . 535 540 Like the preceding . 540 545 Like the preceding . 545 550 Like the preceding . 550 555 Black shale and coal, mostly impure . 555 560 White sandstone of fine texture . 560 565 Light gray shale, with many small spherical siderite concretions. 565 570 Gray shale, with much siderite, in fragments and in minute spherical , concretions. Some bright red fragments noted . 570 575 Shaly sandstone and sandy shale, gray, with siderite as in preceding sample . 575 580 Sandy shale, gray, with siderite fragments . 580 585 Gray sandstone, some shale and siderite . 585 590 Shaly gray sandstone or sandy shale . 590 595 116 DEEP BORINGS IN ILLINOIS. Description of samples from well on Newlin farm —Concluded. Depth in feet. From. To. Sandstone, black shale, and “clod” with some coal and siderite con¬ cretions . 595 600 Like the preceding . 600 605 Shale and shaly sandstone, with fragments of siderite concretions and coal . . 605 610 Greenish fire clay and shale .. 610 615 Shaly gray sandstone . 615 620 Black “miner’s” slate, with siderite concretions . 620 625 Black “miner’s” slate, with sandstone and gray shale . 625 630 Gray sandy shale . &30 635 Dark gray, sandy shale, micaceous . 635 640 Dark gray, sandy shale, micaceous . 640 645 Gray, laminated shaly sandstone .. 645 650 Dark gra" 1 sand* shale . 650 655 Black, st' sh^ 1 , almost “miner’s” slate . 655 660 Like the preceding . 660 665 Black, stiff shale'and impure coal . 665 670 Black shale and black, concretionary limestone with fossils. 670 675 Gray sand and gray sandy shale, with some coal. 675 680 Coal, with very bright (black) lustre, and fire clay . 680 685 Coal, of bright lustre and brownish earthy streak, and some fire clay 685 690 Gray, gritty fire clay and dark shale . 690 695 Gray shale . 695 705 Gray shale and some siderite .. 705 710 Dark limestone, some dark shale and pyrite . 710 720 Dark shale, some coal, and a little dark limestone . 725 730 Dark shale, some dark limestone, and spherulitic siderite. 720 725 Dark shale, some coal, and spherulitic siderite . 730 735 Gray micaceous shale, and bits of yellow limestone . 735 740 Gray micaceous shale, and fragments of siderite . 740 745 Dark micaceous shale, some siderite, bits of coal and limestone. 745 750 Gray micaceous shale and siderite . 750 755 Gray micaceous shale, some fire clay, coal and pyrite. 755 760 Coarse gray micaceous sandstone, and a litde shale . 760 770 Black shale and some coarse sandstone . 7 70 7 > Coal and fire clay, and some gray shale. 775 780 Coal and fire clay, and some gray fire clay, with pyrite. 780 785 Black shale, bits of yellow limestone, spines of brachiopods and spheru¬ litic siderite . 785 790 White sandstone and black shale, some yellow limestone, and spheru¬ litic siderite . 790 795 Dark shale, some little sandstone, siderite and limestone . 795 800 Black shale and some siderite . 800 810 Black shale . 810 820 Gray micaceous shale and some sandstone. 820 825 Dark and white limestone, some sandstone with infiltered calcite, gray micaceous shale, pyrite and some crinoid joints . 825 830 Dark and white limestone, with crinoid stems and pieces of shells, and pyrite . 830 835 Gray micaceous sandstone, and some dark and some white calcite. 835 840 Black, micaceous shale, some sandstone and white limestone . 840 845 Black, micaceous shale . 845 850 Black, micaceous shale, some white sand and siderite . 850 860 Gray sandstone and dark shale . 860 865 Gray sandstone, some dark shale and siderite . 865 870 Coarse gray sandstone and a little shale .'. 870 875 Gray, micaceous sand . 875 885 Gray sand and some dark shale . 885 890 Gray sand, white limestone, little shale and pyrite . 890 895 Gray sandstone, bits of limestone, shale, siderite. 895 905 Gray, micaceous sand . 905 940 Gray, micaceous sand, and some dark shale . 940 945 Dark shale and gray sandstone . 945 950 Dark, sandy, micaceous shale . 950 955 39. WELL NO. 9, ON C. T. COCHRANES FARM, MONTGOMERY TOWNSHIP, CRAWFORD COUNTY. Well No. 9, on the property of Mr. Cochran is also operated by the Ohio Oil Company. It is located at the NE. cor. SW. ^4 sec - 21, T. 5 N., E. 11 W., in Montgomery Township, Crawford County. Its eleva¬ tion is unknown. Its entire section is believed to be in the Pennsyl- WELL EECOEDS. 117 vanian. Fusulina was found in 4he sample from 556 to 562 feet. Coal No. 6 lay below. Description of samples from well on Cochran's farm. Yellow sandstone, disintegrated . Yellow sandstone . Yellow sandstone with infiltrated calcite and oxidized siderite con¬ cretions . t . Yellow sandstone and concretions ... Yellow sandstone, siderite concretions and some black crinoidal lime¬ stone ... Yellow sand, dark calcareous limestone and siderite concretions. Brown coarse sandstone, dark limestone, with siderite concretions— one spherical, half inch in diameter . v ... . Gray sandstone with infiltrated calcite and siderite concretions.. ... Gray sandstone with infiltrated calcite, and siderite concretions.. ..-.-J'. . Dark gray shale . .... Black shale . Gray micaceous sandy shale . Gray micaceous shaly sandstone . Gray shale . Gray shale, siderite, a few fragments of coal . Gray shale, siderite . Black shale . Gray sandy shale, fragments of coal . Gray micaceous shale . Fine gray, laminated, sandstone, black shale . Gray sandstone, black shale, brown limestone . Gray sandstone, brown limestone, black shale . Brown limestone, gray shale, gray sandstone . Gray shale, gray sandstone, fragments of siderite concretions. Gray laminated micaceous sandstone, siderite concretions. Coarse gray micaceous sandstone . Coarse gray micaceous sandstone, a few pieces of coal, pyrite and siderite . Coarse gray micaceous sandstone, with infiltrated calcite . Coarse gray micaceous sandstone, with infiltrated calcite, and frag¬ ments of black shale . Coarse gray micaceous sandstone, with infiltrated calcite, and frag¬ ments of impure coal . Gray shaly sandstone, concretions of brown limestone . Gray sandy shale .'.. Greenish gray shale with infiltrated calcite . Gray micaceous sandstone . Coarse gray sand . Coarse gray sand with carbonaceous laminae . Coarse gray sand . Coal and fire clay, a few fragments of mottled limestone. Gray sandstone . Gray sandstone, limestone . Gray calcareous limestone .. Greenish gray sandstone and gray calcareous limestone . Gray shale and calcareous limestone . Gray micaceous shale, with some gray calcareous limestone . Gray micaceous sandstone and gray shale . Gray shale ./.. Gray sandy shale . Gray sandy micaceous shale . Coarse gray sandstone with carbonaceous laminae . Gray shale . Gray shale, micaceous . Coal, siderite concretions, pyrite crystals and a few white gypsum crystals . Gray micaceous shaly sandstone . Gray micaceous sandstone with infiltrated calcite . Gray shale, gray sandstone . Coal, gray shale, dark limestone, pyrite, and a few crinoid stems noted Coal, pyrite, and a few crinoid stems noted. Coarse gray micaceous sandstone with infiltrated calcite. Coarse gray micaceous sand . Gray micaceous sandy shale . Gray shale, fragments of coal and pyrite . Black shale, some limestone, and numerous crinoid stems noted. Gray micaceous sandstone . Dark limestone with Chonetes punctatus, Rhombopora lepidodendroides and showing intensely green specks. Fusulina present .. Coal, some limestone . Gray sandy shale, some pyrite . Gray sandy micaceous shale . Depth in feet. From. To. 1 6 6 12 12 19 19 24 24 38 38 45 45 51 51 V 58 58 64 r 64 78 78 85 85 91 91 98 98 104 104 111 111 117 117 124 124 130 130 137 137 143 143 150 150 156 156 163 163 170 170 176 176 223 223 231 231 237 237 244 244 250 250 257 257 270 270 276 • 276 296 296 309 309 315 315 328 328 335 . 335 341 341 348 348 361 361 367 367 374 374 380 380 387 387 413 413 419 419 432 432 439 439 445 445 452 452 465 465 471 471 478 478 497 497 504 504 510 510 523 523 530 530 536 536 543 543 549 549 556 556 562 562 569 569 575 575 582 118 DEEP BOEINGS IN ILLINOIS. Description of samples from well on Cochran’s farm —Concluded. Depth in feet. From. To. Coarse- gray sand with fragments of black shale . 582 588 Gray sandstone with some limestone . 588 595 Gray shaly sandstone . 595 608 Gray shale and sandstone . 608 621 Gray shale . 621 666 Black and gray shale . 666 673 Black shale . 673 679 Brown limestone, greenish red dolomitic shaly limestone and very dark gray shale . 679 686 Gray limestone, some gray shale and fragments of brown limestone ; two small gasteropods . 686 692 Coal, some gray and brown limestone . 692 699 Gray sandy micaceous shale . 699 705 Gray shale . 705 712 Gray sandy micaceous shale . 712 718 Gray sandy micaceous shale . 718 725 Gray shale . 725 731 Black shale . 731 737 Black and gray shale . 737 743 Black stiff shale . 743 750 Coal, some gray shale . 750 756 Coarse gray sandstone with infiltrated calcite, fragments of coal and gray shale . 756 763 Gray sandy micaceous shale . 763 769 Black shale, coarse gray sandstone, fragments of coal. 769 775 Gray sandy shale, black shale . 775 781 Gray micaceous shale, gray sandstone with infiltrated lime . 781 787 Gray shale and gray micaceous shale . 787 793 Gray shale . 793 806 Black stiff shale .'.. 806 813 Coal, fire clay . 813 820 Gray shale . 820 834 Gray micaceous sand and shale . 834 840 Yellow micaceous sand . 840 846 Gray shale . 846 862 Gray shale with fragments of gray sandstone. 862 873 Gray and black shale . 873 884 Black shale . 884 895 Gray shale . 895 906 Gray sandstone with shreds of vegetation and a few fragments of coal 906 912 Gray sandstone with shreds of vegetation . 912 923 Gray micaceous sandstone . 923 928 White micaceous sand with fragments of shale . 928 934 Gray laminated sandstone . 934 940 Gray laminated sandstone, brown sandstone . 940 952 Brown sandstone (Note on sack “Oil 952 to 973”), gray sandstone... 952 958 Brown sandstone, some gray sandstone .'. 958 964 Brown sandstone, some gray sandstone, pyrite . 964 970 Brown sandstone, some gray sand. 970 975 40. WELL NO. 4, ON FARM OF S. G. MCLEAVE, BRIDGEPORT TOWNSHIP, LAWRENCE COUNTY. The well for the Ohio Oil Company on the farm of Mr. McLeave is at the center of sec. 31, T. 4 N., R. 12 W., Bridgeport Township, Law¬ rence County. Its curb is at an elevation of 520 feet above sea level. Its section to a depth of 1,300 feet is through Pennsylvanian strata, with the Pottsville from 900 feet to 1,300 feet. Below 1,300 feet the sec¬ tion is in the Mississippian beds. The coal from 505 feet to 510 feet is No. 6. Description of samples from McLeave well. Depth in feet. From. To. Loess . 1 5 Like the preceding . 5 19 Like the preceding . 10 15 Yellow limestone and coal, some calcite, and numerous crinoid stems.. 15 20 Coal, yellow sandstone,some gray sandstone and crinoidal limestone.. 20 25 Coal, yellow sandstone, some crinoidal limestone and a few pieces of calcite and red marl. Numerous crinoid stems. 25 30 WELL RECORDS. 119 Description of samples from McLeave well —Continued. Depth in feet. From. To. Gray micaceous sandstone with infiltrated calcite, some yellow sand¬ stone, bits of coal and calcite. 30 35 Coal, some yellow and white sandstone, some pieces of crinoidal lime¬ stone . 35 40 Gray micaceous sandstone, some dark shale and fire clay. 40 45 Coal, some crinoidal limestone, a little red material. A small Athyris shell noted, also a piece of crinoid calyx (?). 45 50 White micaceous sandstone, a few pieces of fire clay and coal. 50 55 White micaceous sandstone . 55 60 White micaceous sandstone, a few pieces of dark shale. 60 65 Gray micaceous laminated sandstone, some fragments of yellow lime¬ stone, some coal . 65 70 Gray micaceous sandstone, a few fragments of yellow limestone and coal . 70 75 Yellow sandstone, crinoidal limestone, some black shale and pieces of gypsum. Two Ambocoelia planoconvexa and a crinoid stem noted 75 30 Black shale, some dark limestone, and a few pieces of sandstone. A crinoid stem noted . 80 85 Gray limestone and coal, with some sandstone and shale. 85 90 Gray micaceous shale . 90 95 Yellow limestone, some gray sandstone, and bits of siderite. 95 100 Yellow limestone and gray sandstone, some siderite concretions and shale . 100 105 Gray shale and fire clay. 105 110 Dark shale, some siderite concretions, and bits of white limestone. . 110 115 Coal, some black shale, gray sandstone, a few bits of calcite and pyrite 115 120 Gray micaceous sandy shale, some dark shale and coal, some pieces of yellow limestone and fire clay . 120 125 Dark shale, some coal, a few pieces of limestone. 125 130 Dark shale, some red oxidized material, and siderite concretions.... 130 135 Coal, some gray micaceous shale, and gray sandstone. 135 140 Gray micaceous shale, some coal and fire clay . 140 145 Gray micaceous shale and sandstone, some siderite concretions, a few bits of white limestone . 145 150 Gray micaceous shale and a few bits of siderite concretions. 150 155 Siderite, concretionary, and some gray micaceous shale. 155 160 Coal and gray sandstone, some concretionary siderite, some bits of limestone and pyrite. A crinoid stem noted. 160 165 White'sandstone with infiltrated calcite. 165 170 Like the preceding .. . . 170 175 Like the preceding . 175 180 Fine gray sand with infiltrated calcite .-.. 180 185 Fine gray micaceous sand with infiltrated calcite, some gray shale... 185 190 Fine gray sand with infiltrated lime . 190 195 Like the preceding . 195 200 Fine gray micaceous sand with some infiltrated calcite. 200 205 Like the preceding . 205 210 White micaceous sand . 210 215 White micaceous sand . 215 220 Like the preceding . 220 225 Sand with infiltrated calcite and some coal. 225 230 Coal, some white limestone and black shale, some siderite. 230 235 Gray micaceous shaly sandstone, some bits of coal, pyrite, and siderite 235 240 Yellow sand with infiltrated calcite; the smaller grains float on water 240 245 Gray micaceous sandstone, some small spherules of siderite concre¬ tions, a few pieces of pyrite and white limestone. 245 250 Gray sandstone, some siderite concretions (spherules), some dark shale, and bits of white limestone . 250 255 Dark sandy micaceous shale, some gray sandstone, and siderite. 255 260 Like the preceding . ... 260 265 White sandstone . 265 270 White micaceous shaly sandstone, a few pieces of gray shale. 270 275 White micaceous sandstone . 275 280 Gray micaceous sandstone, some pieces of laminated sandstone. 280 285 Like the preceding . 285 290 Gray micaceous sand . 290 295 Gray micaceous sandstone, some pieces laminated. 295 300 Like the preceding . 300 310 White micaceous sand . 310 320 White limestone, indistinctly fragmental, a little sand, and some gray shale . 320 325 White limestone like the above, a little dark shale. A crinoid stem noted . 325 330 White, indistinctly fragmental limestone. Some bits of pyrite, and a crinoid stem noted . 330 335 Greenish compact limestone, and micaceous sandstone, with some shale . 335 340 Gray shale, some sandstone . 340 345 Gray micaceous sandy shale . 345 350 Gray micaceous shale, some yellow limestone, one piece containing woody fibre (?) . 350 355 120 DEEP BORINGS IN ILLINOIS. Description of samples from McLeave well —Continued. Depth in feet. From. To. Gray sandy shale, some yellow limestone, and a few siderite concre¬ tions . 355 360 Gray shale, micaceous sandy shale, and some yellow limestone. 360 365 Gray sandstone, some laminated yellow sandstone, some yellow lime¬ stone, fragments of siderite . 365 370 Gray shale and sandstone, some siderite concretions. 370 375 Gray sandy shale, some siderite concretions. Carbonaceous shreds noted in shale . 375 380 Siderite concretions, some sandy shale . 380 385 Gray sandy shale, some concretionary siderite and bits of gray sand¬ stone . 385 390 Gray sandstone and sandy shale. A few pieces of black carbonaceous shale, coal, some sandstone with infiltrated calcite, and some crinoid stems. Retzia punctulifera noted . 390 395 Gray sandstone, dark shale, some white limestone, concretionary siderite. A crinoid stem and Athyris noted. A little coal present. . 395 400 Gray shale and some sandstone, concretionary siderite, bits of pyrite, and a few pieces of sandstone with infiltrated calcite. 400 405 Gray sandy shale, and some concretionary siderite. 405 410 White breciated limestone, with cracks filled with yellow calcite, some yellow limestone, some siderite, a little gray shale, and sandstone, with bits of pyrite . 410 415 White limestone, cracks filled with yellow calcite, some concretionary siderite . 415 420 White limestone, having cracks filled with yellow calcite; some yellow limestone, some gray soft shale, and a few bits of coal. 420 430 White and yellow limestone, cracks filled with calcite, some gray sandstone and a few pieces of black shale. 430 435 Gray shale and concretionary siderite . 435 450 Dark gray shale and siderite concretions . 450 465 Dark shale and some siderite concretions . 465 475 Gray sandy shale, some gray sandstone, siderite, and a few fragments of yellow limestone . 475 480 Gray' sandy shale, some pieces of which have layers of siderite. Yellow limestone and bits of pyrite. 480 485 Gray micaceous shale, some gray sandstone, few small fragments of yellow limestone . 485 490 Gray micaceous shale . 490 495 Dark shale, some siderite concretions, a few pieces of white lime¬ stone and pyrite . 495 500 Dark shale, some coal and concretionary siderite, and a few pieces of dark limestone. A crinoid stem noted, also some oolitic black concretionary material . 500 505 Dark shale and some siderite, a few bits of white limestone, coal, and pvrite. Crinoid stem and closely tuberculated crinoid pinnule noted, also a spiral Amvxodiscus, Rhombopora lepidodendroides, and black shale with fucoidal traversions . 505 510 Dark shale, some siderite, white limestone fragments, and bits of coal and pyrite. Crinoid stems and a small Syntrielasma hemiplicata noted . 510 515 Gray micaceous shale, some gray sandstone and yellow limestone... 515 520 Gray micaceous ^hale, some sandstone, some pieces of yellow lime¬ stone . 520 525 Gray micaceous shale . 525 530 Gray micaceous shale and some sandstone . 530 535 Gray micaceous shale and some siderite . 535 540 Gray micaceous shale, some siderite, and a few bits of yellow lime¬ stone . 540 545 Gray sandy shale, some yellow sandstone, bits of yellow limestone and pyrite . 545 550 Black shale with streaks of pyrite, some siderite concretions, and bits of white limestone . 550 555 Black shale, some siderite concretions, and white limestone. Crinoid stem noted . 555 560 Black shale and a few siderite concretions . 560 565 Yellow concretionary limestone and black shale. Some siderite. More shale than limestone . 565 570 White and yellow concretionary limestone, some dark shale and sand¬ stone, bits of pure calcite, and pyrite. More shale than limestone. . 570 575 Black carbonaceous shale and coal, some white limestone and siderite, and some bits of pyrite . 575 580 Dark shale, some pieces of yellow limestone . 580 595 Dark shale, some pieces of yellow limestone and white sandstone. A few pieces of calcite . 595 600 Dark gray micaceous shale, some yellow limestone with layers of calcite, and some sandy shale . 600 605 Gray sandy shale, some yellow limestone, bits of white sandstone and pyrite . 605 610 Grav sandy shale, some pieces of dark limestone, and bits of pvrite.. 610 615 Dark sandy shale, some pieces of pyrite. 615 620 WELL RECORDS. 121 Description of samples from McLeave well —Continued. Depth in feet. From. To. Dark gray micaceous shale, some pieces of yellow limestone, and siderite concretions . 620 625 Dark gray shale, some pieces of yellow limestone and siderite. A crinoid stem noted. 625 630 Gray shale . 630 635 Gray shale, few siderite concretions, and crinoid stems. 635 640 Gray sandy shale, some yellow limestone, and concretionary carbonate of iron .'. 640 645 Gray shale, some coal, and siderite. 645 650 Soft gray shale, some yellow limestone, and siderite. 650 655 White limestone, some “clod” and some sandstone. 655 660 Black “clod,” some yellow limestone, and soft gray shale. 660 665 “Clod” with little white limestone and crinoid stems. 665 675 “Clod,” crinoid stems, an Edmondia (?), with some white limestone.. 675 680 Gray shale, yellow limestone, and some “clod”. 680 685 Yellow limestone and gray sandstone, some concretionary siderite and gray shale . 685 690 Soft gray shale, yellow limestone, and some sandstone. 690 695 Gray micaceous sandy shale, yellow and white limestone, some “clod,” and some pyrite . 695 700 Gray micaceous shale, some siderite, some white limestone, pieces of calcite, with some sandstone . 700 705 Gray, sandy shale, some black shale, and siderite with a few pieces Gray sandy shale, some coal, and siderite.. 710 715 Gray sandstone and some black carbonaceous shale. 715 720 Coal and some fire clay . 720 725 Black shale . 725 735 Hard black shale . 735 740 Black shale, a little white sandstone. 740 745 Gray sandstone, some black pyritiferous shale, and yellow limestone 745 750 Gray sandstone, bits of yellow limestone. 750 755 Gray micaceous sandstone, some pieces laminated, and bits of yellow limestone . 755 760 Gray shale and sandstone, some imprints of leaves in shale. 760 765 Dark shale, some sandstone, laminated and micaceous, bits of yellow limestone . 765 770 Gray micaceous sandstone and dark shale, some yellow limestone.... 770 780 Gray micaceous sandstorte, some dark shale, few bits of limestone... 780 785 Gray micaceous sandstone and some dark shale . 785 790 Dark gray micaceous shale, bits of yellow limestone and siderite.... 790 795 Black micaceous shale . 795 800 Gray shale and some black micaceous shale. 800 805 Gray shale with some imprints of vegetation . 805 810 Dark micaceous shale and some pieces of yellow limestone. 810 815 Dark shale, some fragments of yellow limestone. 815 820 Gray micaceous sandstone, some shale, bits of yellow limestone (small) . 820 825 Gray micaceous sandstone, little shale and limestone. 825 835 Gray sandstone, with concretionary yellow limestone. 835 840 Gray sandstone, some yellow limestone, and white limestone, with some pieces of dark limestone . 840 845 Gray micaceous sandstone, some gray shale, and a few pieces of yellow limestone . 845 850 Dark gray shale, some gray sandstone, few pieces of yellow limestone and yellow calcite. Crinoid stems and a piece of shell noted. 850 855 Black shale and a little white limestone. Crinoid stems and a piece of brachiopod shell noted . 855 860 Black shale and a little yellow limestone. Piece of shell and crinoid stem noted . 860 865 Black shale, few pieces of yellow and white limestone. 865 870 Black shale, some concretionary siderite and bits of yellow limestone 870 875 Black shale and some gray shale . 875 880 Black shale, some siderite, and gray sandstone. 880 885 Gray micaceous sandstone and few pieces of shale. 885 890 Gray sandstone, few pieces of yellow limestone and dark shale. 890 895 Gray micaceous shale, some sandstone . 895 900 Gray micaceous shale . 900 905 Gray micaceous shale and some dark shale . 905 910 Dark and gray micaceous shale . 910 915 Dark gray, shale and a few pieces of white limestone. 915 920 Dark gray shale, bits of limestone and pyrite . 920 925 Black shale . 925 93o Black shale and some fire clay, bits of sandstone. 930 935 Gray sandstone and some dark sandy shale. 935 940 Dark shale and sandstone, bits of yellow limestone. 940 945 Dark sandy shale and sandstone . 945 950 Dark shale, some sandy shale . 950 955 Gray micaceous shaly sandstone . 955 909 Gray micaceous sandy shale and sandstone . 900 970 Gray micaceous shaly sandstone, some black shale. 970 975 122 DEEP BOEINGS IN ILLINOIS. Description of samples from McLeave well —Continued. Depth in feet. From. To. Gray micaceous sandy shale, bits of yellow limestone. 975 980 White micaceous sand, little dark shale . 980 985 White micaceous sand, some dark laminated shale. 985 990 Gray sandstone and some dark micaceous shale. Sandstone with in- filtered calcite, some pieces of laminated sandstone. 990 995 White micaceous sand, some dark shale . 995 1,000 White micaceous sand, little dark shale . 1,000 1,005 Gray micaceous sand . 1,005 1,010 Gray micaceous sandstone, some dark shale . 1,010 1,015 Gray micaceous sandstone . 1,015 1,025 Gray shale . 1,025 1,035 Dark gray shale . 1,035 1,040 White micaceous sand, grains mostly from .125 mm. to .25 mm. in diameter . 1,040 1,045 White micaceous sand . 1,045 1,065 White micaceous sand with a little infiltered calcite. 1,065 1,070 White micaceous sand with some infiltered lime, a little dark shale.. 1,070 1,080 Gray micaceous sandstone and shale . 1,080 1,085 White micaceous sand with some infiltered calcite. 1,085 1,090 Yellow micaceous sand . 1,090 1,125 Yellow sand . 1,125 1,130 Yellow sand, showing secondary enlargement of grains. 1,130 1,135 Yellow sand . 1,135 1,140 Yellow sand and some dark shale . 1,140 1,145 Gray sand with some secondary enlargement of crystals. 1,145 1,150 White sand, very fine . 1,150 1,155 White sand . 1,155 1,160 Fine white sand . 1,160 1,165 White sand and some gray shale . 1,165 1,170 Fine white sand . 1,170 1,175 Fine white sand with some infiltrated calcite . 1,175 1,180 Yellow sand . 1,180 1,190 Yellowish sand with infiltrated calcite . 1,190 1,210 White sand, grains mostly from .125 mm. to .25 mm. in diameter. 1,210 1,215 Fine white sand . 1,215 1,230 White sand, some grains show secondary enlargement. 1,230 1,235 White sand . 1,235 1,250 White, fine, sand . 1,250 1,280 Yellowish sand . 1,280 1,290 Yellow sand and some white limestone . 1,290 1,300 White limestone and sand . 1,300 1,305 Like the preceding but with more calcite. 1,305 1,310 Greenish shale with some flakes of mica, some white and dark lime¬ stone. Some imprints of leaves . 1,310 1,315 Greenish shale or a fire clay, some limestone, and bits of pyrite. Imprints of vegetation . 1,315 1,320 Gray sandstone, some pieces of pyrite, and greenish shale like in the preceding . 1,320 1,325 Gray sandstone with some flakes of mica. 1,325 1,330 A tangled organic oolitic limestone breccia and some sandstone. 1,330 1,335 A tangle of organic oolitic limestone, effervescence brisk. Some . greenish shale and sand, bits of pyrite . 1,335 1,345 A tangled organic oolitic limestone, some pieces of green and red shale . 1,345 1,350 Oolitic limestone, some dark shale, bits of green and red shale and two pieces of chert. 1,350 1,355 A tangled organic oolitic limestone breccia, some black greenish and brown shale . 1,355 1,370 Black shale and limestone, like that of the preceding sample. 1,370 1,375 Black shale and some oolitic limestone, effervescence brisk. 1,375 1,380 Black and green shale, white limestone . 1,380 1,390 Black shale and some sandstone . 1,390 1,395 Black shale and little sandstone . 1,395 1,400 Greenish and red shale, some limestone, effervescence brisk. Bits of chert and pyrite . 1,400 1,405 Dark shale and some reddish colored limestone, effervescing briskly. . 1,405 1,410 Dark and reddish brown shale, some gray limestone . 1,410 1,415 Dark shale and some gray limestone, a little red shale. 1,415 1,420 Black shale and a little limestone . 1,420 1,425 Black marly shale and some white limestone. Bits of pyrite and red shale . 1,425 1,435 White limestone, some black marly shale and red shale; numerous crinoid stems . 1,435 1,440 Black shale, some marly shale and white limestone, crinoid stems and pieces of shells . 1,440 1,445 White limestone and dark shale . 1,445 1,450 White limestone and dark shale; some yellow sandstone. 1,450 1,455 Grayish yellow sandstone with infiltered calcite, some dark shale and white limestone . 1,455 1,470 Gray sandstone, some black shale . 1,470 1,475 WELL RECORDS. 123 Description of samples from McLeave well —Concluded. Depth in feet. From. To. Red shale, some greenish sandstone with infiltered calcite, and little gray sandstone . 1,475 1,480 Dark sandy calcareous shale, some white limestone and red shale.... 1,480 1,485 Coarse gray sand and some black shale . 1,485 1,490 Coarse gray sand . 1,490 1,500 White sandstone with infiltered calcite and some dark shale. 1,500 1,515 Gray sandstone and a little dark shale. 1,515 1,535 Black shale . 1,535 1,550 Black shale, some yellowish sandstone with infiltered calcite. 1,550 1,560 Black shale and white limestone. A few fragments of shells. 1,560 1,565 Black shale and white sandstone, and little limestone. 1,565 1,585 Black shale, white limestone, effervescence brisk, and some sand.... 1,585 1,590 Black shale and some white fragmental limestone, a crinoid stem noted . 1,590 1,595 Black shale . 1,595 1,600 Black shale and little limestone . 1,600 1,605 Black shale, some sandstone, and white limestone. 1,605 1,610 Gray sand, white limestone, and a little dark shale. 1,610 1,620 White limestone and dark shale . 1,620 1,625 Black shale and little limestone . 1,625 1,645 Black shale and some limestone. A crinoid stem noted. 1,645 1,650 Black shale and some limestone . 1,650 1,660 Black shale . 1,660 1,665 Black and red shale, some white limestone. 1,665 1,670 Black shale, some red shale and oolitic limestone, effervescing briskly 1,670 1,680 Greenish and reddish shale, some oolitic limestone. 1,680 1,685 Greenish shale, some red shale and oolitic limestone. 1,685 1,690 Oolitic limestone, a little sand and greenish shale. 1,690 1,710 Oolitic limestone . 1,710 1,740 Oolitic limestone, little greenish shale, and bits of pyrite. 1,740 1*,745 The writer’s interpretation of the above section is as below: Coal No. 6 ... Pennsylvanian Pottsville Mississippian Feet below surface. 505 - 510 0 - 900 900 - 1,300 1 , 300 - 1,745 41. WELL NO. 2, ON FARM OF W. B. GRAY, BRIDGEPORT TOWNSHIP, LAWRENCE COUNTY. The Ohio Oil Company’s well No. 2, on the farm of W. B. Gray is in the SW. % sec. 7, T. 3 N. ? R. 12 W., Bridgeport Township, Law¬ rence County. Its elevation above sea level is 495 feet. The set of samples from this well is very full. From a careful study of these it is evident that the top of the Chester is at the depth of 450 feet. Description of samples from Gray well. Yellow micaceous sandstone, with some quartz pebbles . Like the preceding . White micaceous sandstone with shreds of carbonaceous matter. ... Like the preceding . Like the preceding . Like the preceding . White micaceous sandstone, with some fragments of siderite and pyrite Gray sandstone, with shreds of vegetation . Grav sandy shale . Black shale and some gray sandstone . Black micaceous shale . “Clod,” with numerous crinoid stems . Black shale and “clod” . Coal and “clod” . Coal, fragments of siderite concretions, limestone and some g sandstone . Gray sandy shale . Depth in feet. From. To. 1 5 5 10 10 15 15 20 20 25 25 30 s 30 35 35 40 40 45 45 50 50 55 55 60 60 65 65 70 70 75 75 80 124 DEEP BORINGS IN ILLINOIS. Description of samples from Gray well —Continued. Depth in feet. From. To. Black shale, “clod,” some coal and some pure calcite. 80 85 Like the preceding . 85 90 Dark micaceous shale and coal with calcite . 90 95 Dark gray micaceous shale . 95 100 Black shale, with a few crinoid joints . 100 105 Black shale . 105 no Black shale with some limestone . 110 115 Black shale . 115 120 Hard black shale . 120 125 Like the preceding . 125 130 Black shale . 130 135 Black micaceous shale . 135 140 Gray micaceous sand, with some black shale . 140 145 Gray micaceous sandstone, with infiltrated calcite, and shreds of carbonaceous matter . 145 150 Like the preceding . 150 155 Gray micaceous sand . 155 160 Like the preceding . 160 165 Gray micaceous sandstone of fine texture . 165 170 Gray micaceous sandstone ... . 170 175 Like the preceding . 175 180 Like the preceding . 180 185 Like the preceding . 185 190 Like the preceding . 190 195 Like the preceding . 195 200 Like the preceding .•. 200 205 Gray sandstone, some black shale, and a little limestone. 205 210 Black shale and gray sandstone, with a little limestone . 210 215 Dull bluish green shale, with some yellowish limestone (from concre¬ tions?) . 215 220 Lik6 the preceding, with fossils in concretionary limestone. 220 225 Shale, light green, gray, smooth. 225 230 Like the preceding . 230 235 Like the preceding . 235 240 Greenish gray micaceous shale . 240 245 Light greenish gray shale, smooth . 245 250 Light greenish gray micaceous shale . 250 255 Like the preceding . 255 260 Like the preceding . 260 265 Gray micaceous sandy shale . 265 270 Gray, rather coarse sandstone with occasional red, pink, green and black grains . 270 275 Like the preceding, all crushed. 275 280 Fire clay, fragments of concretions, sandstone, and some shreds of carbonaceous material . 280 285 Fire clay . 285 290 Greenish blue shale, with concretionary yellow limestone. 290 295 Black shale, with some bits of coal . 295 300 Gray micaceous sandstone with infiltrated calcite. Some black shale and coal .. 300 305 .Gray sandstone, in part laminated, with small siderite concretions... 305 310 Gray micaceous sandstone with small siderite concretions. 310 315 Gray sandstone with some black shale . 315 320 Dirty white limestone, and some sand. Pyrite, crinoid joints, and spine of a Productus noted . 320 325 Limestone and some shale . 325 330 Limestone of light color, some gray shale and pyrite. Limestone seems to be concretionary . 330 335 Gray shale and black shale, with yellow concretiomnary limestone... 335 340 Gray shale, with some concretionary limestone . 340 345 Like the preceding . 345 350 Dark gray shale and some yellow concretionary limestone . 350 355 Dark gray shale, with some pyrite. 355 360 Dark gray shale, some white limestone and pyrite . 360 365 Dark gray shale . 365 370 Dark shale . 370 375 Dark shale . 375 380 Dark shale, with some fragments of siderite concretions. 380 385 Like the preceding . 385 390 Sandstone, shale and coal . 390 395 Shale, with some sandstone and coal . 395 400 Greenish gray shale . 400 405 Olive colored shale . 405 410 Laminated sandy shale . 410 415 Sandy gray shale .'. 415 420 Shale, stony, olive colored . 420 425 Gray shale . 425 430 Dark shale, almost black . 430 435 Gray shale. 435 440 Gray shale . 440 445 Gray shale . 445 450 WELL RECORDS. 125 Description of samples from Gray well —Continued. Depth in feet. From. To. Gray shale . 450 455 Gray shale . 455 460 Gray shale, coal and concretionary fragments . 460 465 Gray fire clay, coal and shale . 465 470 Gray shale and gray concretionary limestone, impure, with iron car¬ bonate and with pyrite . 470 475 Limestone, concretionary and shale . 475 480 Gray shaly fire clay and concretionary limestone, effervescing slowly. . 480 485 Gray concretionary siderite . 485 490 Gray shale, with much concretionary, impure, limestone or siderite. ... 490 495 Like the preceding. N. B.—Samples 475-515 are essentially alike. The material with the shale is a concretionary carbonate apparently of calcium and iron. It is yellow or gray, and it effervesces very slowly. Sam¬ ples contain as much of the concretionary limestone as of the shale 495 500 Concretionary impure limestone and shale . 500 505 Dark gray shale with much concretionary impure limestone and siderite. Fucoidal traversions on the shale . 505 510 Like the preceding . 510 515 Gray sandy shale and siderite . 515 520 Gray micaceous shale, some coal and siderite. 520 525 Gray micaceous shale, with some coal . 525 530 Gray micaceous shale and some bits of coal . 530 535 Gray sandstone, laminated and with minute spherules of siderite. 535 540 Gray shale, with some sandy shale and some black shale. 540 545 Dark stony shale . 545 550 Dark micaceous shale, with some limestone. Crinoid stem noted. 550 555 Dark gray shale . 555 560 Dark micaceous shale and clod, with Productus . 560 565 Gray shale . 565 570 Very dark shale and “clod” . 570 575 Black ^play shale, with “clod” . 575 580 Greenish gray, micaceous, sandy, shale . 580 585 Like the preceding . 585 590 Gray micaceous shale . 590 595 Like the preceding . 595 600 Like the preceding . 600 605 Greenish gray clayey shale . 605 610 Like the preceding . 610 615 Black stony shale and some red clay shale . 615 620 Very dark stony shale . 620 625 Dark cheeky shale or fire clay . 625 630 Dark gray micaceous shale . 630 635 Dark shale or fire clay, with imprints of leaf . •. 635 640 Dark hard shale, slightly micaceous . 640 645 Gray shale, with some siderite . 645 650 Gray shale . 650 655 Gray shale and some gray sandstone . 655 660 Hard gray shale, with a few pieces of sandstone. 660 665 Hard gray shale, with a few pieces of siderite . 665 670 Dark and hard shale . 670 675 Dark, hard shale . 675 680 Like the preceding . 680 685 Coal -and dark shale, with some siderite and pyrite . 685 690 Coal, with some shale and some siderite . 690 695 Dark shale and some siderite, coal, and pyrite; a fragment of shell noted . 695 700 Gray shale and coal, with concretions of siderite; and black shale, with leaf imprints, calcareous . 700 705 Calcareous gray shale, fire clay and coal . 705 710 Gray shale and fire clay, calcareous . 710 715 Like the preceding, with pyritized wood . 715 720 Gray clay shale, fine in texture . 720 725 Black shale, sandstone, and coal. 725 730 Gray sandstone and dark gray sandy shale. 730 735 Like the preceding . 735 740 Gray sandstone, and shale . 740 745 Gray sandy shale . 745 750 Sandstone and gray shale . 750 755 Black miner’s slate . 755 760 Dark shale, carrying much pyrite . 760 765 Gray shale, impregnated with small pyrite crystals . 765 770 Gray shaly, sandstone, and black shale. 770 775 Coal, sandstone and some yellow limestone, apparently from a solid stratum . 775 780 Gray micaceous and sandy shale, some red clay shale .. 780 785 Gray shale, coaly shale, and shaly coal, with gray limestone and frag¬ ments of concretionary siderite . 785 790 Gray clay shale, with some concretionary fragments . 790 795 Gray shale, some black shale and siderite concretions. 795 800 Gray shale, some black carbonaceous shale and some fire clay. 800 805 126 DEEP BORINGS IN ILLINOIS. Description of samples from Gray well —Continued. Depth in feet. ' From. To. Gray shale, some black coaly shale, a few bits of white limestone and minute concretionary spherules of siderite . 805 810 Gray shale containing many minute spherules of siderite and some white limestone . 810 815 Dark shale and fire clay . 815 820 Like the preceding . 820 825 Like the preceding . 825 820 Dark shale with some imprints of vegetation . 830 835 Dark shale and some sandstone, with some minute spherules of siderite 835 840 Black shale and gray shale, with some sandstone, some minute sphe¬ rules of siderite, and a few bits of limestone. 840 845 Black shale, some sandstone and some pieces of siderite. 845 850 Gray micaceous shale . 850 855 Black hard shale, with pyrite, shell of Retzia (?), some sponge spi¬ cules, and a few bits of white limestone . 855 860 Black stony shale, with pyrite. 860 865 Black shale, with pyrite and pieces of siderite. 865 870 Like the preceding . 870 875 Black shale and white fine grained sandstone, laminated, with a few small pieces of very white limestone. 875 880 Gray laminated sandstone and black shale . 880 885 Like the preceding . 885 890 Black shale and laminated sandstone, with some grayish soft material and a few bits of white limestone . 890 895 Coal, with some gray limestone . 895 900 Gray sandy shale and fragments of concretionary siderite, with some coal . 900 905 Black shale and gray shale, with some fragments of yellow limestone and concretionary material . Dark gray shale, with a little limestone, and some green, serpentine¬ like shale ..... Dark gray shale and greenish shale with red blotches, and a few fragments of limestone . Dark gray shale and gray sandy shale. Gray sandy shale, with minute crystals of pyrite . Dark gray shale and gray sandstone, with shreds of vegetation. Dark gray shale and sandstone. Gray shaly sandstone and sandy shale . Dark gray sandy shale, pyritiferous . Dark gray sandy shale . Gray clay shale . Gray shale and limestone. The limestone is white, and consists of rounded fragments, which are invested with an oolitic incrustation Dark and stony thin-splitting shale and light sandstone. White and gray sandstone and dark gray shale. Sandstone occasion¬ ally with interstitial pyrite . Dark gray shale and white sandstone . Like the preceding . Dark greenish gray shale . Like the preceding . Like the preceding . Black shale of fine texture . Dark gray shale, with siderite partly in fragments, partly as spherules . Dark gray sandstone and dark shale . Dark shaly sandstone and black shale. Black shale with many fragments of siderite. Black shale ... Black shale, and gray limestone, which contains a tangle of tubes of Ammodiscus . Dark gray and black shale, with limestone as above. White, gray sandstone and gray shale . White, slightly micaceous sandstone, and gray shale. Gray laminated shaly sandstone . Like the preceding . • Gray sandstone . Gray laminated sandstone . Like the preceding . Like the preceding . Laminated gray sandstone and white sandstone . White sandstone . White sandstone . White sandstone . Yellow sandstone . Coarse white sand . Coarse white sand . Yellow sand . Yellow sand . Red sand . Reddish sand . White sand . 905 910 • 910 915 915 920 920 925 925 930 930 935 935 940 940 945 945 95® 950 955 955 960 960 965 965 970 970 975 975 980 980 985 985 990 990 995 995 1,000 1,000 1,005 1,005 1,010 1,010 1,015 1,015 1,020 1,020 1,025 1,025 1,030 1,030 1,035 1,035 1,040 1,040 1,045 1,045 1,050 1,050 1,055 1,055 1,060 1,060 1,065 1,065 1,070 1,070 1,075 1,075 1,080 1,080 1,085 1,085 1,090 1,090 1,095 1,095 1,100 1,100 1,105 1,105 1,110 1,110 1,115 1,115 1,120 1,120 1,125 1,125 1,130 1,130 1,135 1,135 1,140 WELL RECORDS. 127 Description of samples from Gray well —Continued. Depth in feet. From. To. White sand . White sand . White sand . White sand . White sand . Reddish sand . Pinkish sand. Gray sand . Gray sand . White sand . Grayish white sand . Black shale, with some few small fragments of red shale. Black shale and sand, with pyrite. Gray fire clay with shreds of vegetation.. Black clay shale, gray sand . Black shale, gray fire clay-like shale, with shreds of vegetation and sandstone . Dark fire clay-like shale, with shreds of vegetation and some gray shale . Like the preceding . Fire clay, dark shale, and sandstone. Like the preceding . Gray shale and sand . Gray fire clay, and gray sandstone, with spherules of siderite. Black stony shale, with large fragments of pyrite and some gray compact siliceous rock . Like the preceding . Black shreds showing shreds of vegetation and some gray rock. Like the preceding . Like the preceding . Laminated dark and gray, sandy and stony, shale, showing mica and and shreds of vegetation, very much comminuted. Like the preceding . Like the preceding . Like the preceding . Like the preceding . Like the preceding . Like the preceding . Like the preceding . Like the preceding . Like the preceding . Like the preceding . Like the preceding . Like the preceding . Black shale with pyrites and some sandstone. Coarse sand showing secondary enlargement of grains, with some black shale . Like the preceding . Like the preceding. Mechanical analysis of the sand gives results as follows: Diameter of grains in mm. Percentage of total sample. 1 — .5 . 5 . 5 — .25 . 10 . 25—.125 . 80 .125 . 5 Like the preceding . Gray sand, of somewhat finer texture than the preceding. Gray coarse sandstone and some black shale. Like the preceding . Like the preceding, but with finer sand.. Coarse sand and some gray shale . Sand, white . Like the preceding ... White sand. The mechanical analysis of this sample is about as below: Diameter of grains Percentage of total in mm. sample. 1 — .5 . 3 . 5 — .25 . 6 . 25—.125 . 85 .125 . 6 White and black shale . Like the preceding . Like the preceding .... Like the preceding . Like the preceding, laminated Like the preceding . White sand . White sand . 1,140 1,145 1,150 1,155 1,160 1,165 1,170 1,175 1,180 1,185 1,190 1,195 1,200 1,205 1,210 1,215 1,220 1,225 1,230 1,255 1,240 1,245 1,250 1,255 1,260 1,270 1,275 1,280 1,285 1,290 1,295 1,300 1,305 1,310 1,315 1,320 1,325 1,330 1,335 1,340 1,345 1,350 1,355 1,360 1,365 1,370 1,375 1,380 1,385 1,390 1,395 1,400 1,405 1,410 1,415 1,420 1,425 1,430 1,435 1,435 1,440 1,145 1,150 1,155 1,160 1,165 1,170 1,175 1,180 1,185 1,190 1,195 1,200 1,205 1,210 1,215 1,220 1,225 1,230 1,235 1,240 1,245 1,250 1,255 1,260 1,270 1,275 1,280 1,285 1,290 1,295 1,300 1,305 1,310 1,315 1,320 1,325 1,330 1,335 1,340 1,345 1,350 1,355 1,360 1,365 1,370 1,375 1,380 1.385 1,390 1,395 1,400 1,405 1,410 1,415 1,420 1,425 1,430 1,435 1,440 1,440 1,445 128 DEEP BORINGS IN ILLINOIS. # JffrF Description of samples from Gray well —Continued. Depth in feet. From. To. White sand. (A change in texture noted here). 1,450 1,455 Fine reddish sand . 1,455 1,460 Fine gray sand . 1,460 1,465 Fine yellow sand ... 1,465 1,470 Fine yellow sand . 1,470 1,475 Fine yellow sand . 1,475 1,480 White limestone with some sand . 1,480 1.485 Like the preceding, with two minute crinoid stems... 1,485 1,490 Yellowish organic limestone . 1,490 1,495 White limestone, containing fragments of fossils, with a few frag¬ ments of chalcedonic chert and with much dark shale. 1,495 1,500 Organic calcareous fragments with dark shale and coarse white sand 1,500 1,505 Like the preceding . 1,505 1,510 Like the preceding . 1,510 1,515 Dolomitic(?) limestone, with occasional purple tint, mixed with much shale and sand .. .. 1,515 1,520 Yellowish sandstone, with some shale, and dolomitic ? fragments. . . . 1,520 1,525 Like the preceding . 1,525 1,530 Limestone, organic, fragmental gray, calcareous, with some shale and sand. Some shale is green . 1,530 1,535 Like the preceding . 1,535 1,540 Like the preceding . 1,540 1,545 Dark gray, organic fragmental, limestone, with some green shale.... 1,545 1,550 Like the preceding, with more shale. 1,550 1,555 Gray and greenish gray shale and gray calcareous limestone, with a fragment of a fossil shell . 1,555 1,560 Gray calcareous, organic, limestone and greenish shale. 1,560 1,565 Fine gray sand and shale with pyrite. 1,565 1,570 Gray sandstone and shale . 1,570 1,575 Dark gray shale, gray sandstone and limestone. 1,575 1,580 Black shale, showing a few brown blotches . 1,580 1,585 Black shale, with green and red shale, some limestone and pyrite.... 1,585 1,590 Dark green shale, with green, and some red shale and limestone. 1,590 1,595 Like the preceding . 1,595 1,600 Like the preceding, with two thin flakes of coal, and a few bits of red limestone . 1,600 1,605 Dark gray and greenish gray shale, some white sandstone, and some red shale, with some fragments of limestone. 1,605 1,610 Like the preceding, but more sandy. Pyrite. 1,610 1,615 Gray fine sand, gray and black shale, limestone and pyrite. 1,615 1,620 Gray fine sand and dark gray shale . 1,620 1,625 Black and greenish shale with sandstone and pyrite. 1,625 1,630 Black shale and gray sand . 1,630 1,635 Black shale and gray sandy shale, with bits of red shale. 1,635 1,640 Gray shale . 1,640 1,645 Black shale, greenish shale and sandstone . 1,645 1,650 Greenish gray shale and some white sand. 1,650 1,655 Gray and green shale with sand. One fragment of pure black bitumen noted (burned when ignited). 1,655 1,660 Black and gray shale and sand, in about equal quantities. 1,660 1,665 Slickensided, greenish gray shale and fine sand. 1,665 1,670 Sandstone and dark shale . 1,670 1,675 Sandstone, dark shale, and some limestone. 1,675 1,680 Like the preceding . 1,680 1,685 Gray fine sand . 1,685 1,690 Like the preceding . 1,690 1,695 Sand and dark shale . 1,695 1,670 White limestone, effervescing slowly, dark gray shale and sand. 1,700 1,705 Like the preceding . 1,705 1,710 Fine yellow sand. 1,710 1,715 Fine gray sand . 1,715 1,720 Fine gray sand .. 1,720 1,725 Fine gray sand . 1,725 1,730 Like the preceding . 1,730 1,735 Like the preceding . 1,735 1,740 Black and dark gray shale . 1,740 1,745 Like the preceding . 1,745 1,750 Dark gray shale and some gray limestone, with oolitic grains. 1,750 1,755 Like the preceding . 1,755 1,760 Grayish, white, fine, sand .. 1,760 1,765 Grayish white sand and some shale, effervescing slowly. 1,765 1,770 Like the preceding . 1,770 1,775 Dark gray and black shale, with some sand. 1,775 1,780 Calcareous limestone with slow effervescence, and dark gray and red shale with oolitic grains, .5 mm. to .25 mm. in diameter. 1,780 1,785 Gray calcareous limestone- with bits of brachiopod shells, spines, occasional oolitic grains, and dark gray and dull red shale. Oolitic frequently oval . 1,785 1,790 Like the preceding . 1,790 1,795 Like the preceding, with more sand and more oolitic grains. 1,795 1,800 Dark shale, some oolitic limestone . 1,800 1,805 WELL RECORDS. 129 Description of samples from Gray ivell —Concluded. Depth in feet. From. To. Dark shale, oolitic limestone and some red shale. 1,805 1,810 Dark shale, red shale, oolitic limestone and “lobster” red limestone.. 1,810 1,815 Like the preceding', but with less limestone. 1.815 1,820 Like the preceding . 1,820 1,825 Dark greenish gray shale, and dark red shale, with limestone, organic 1,825 1,830 Like the preceding, with a few limestone fragments of “lobster” red color ..7.. 1,830 1,835 Dark gray, gray and red shale with organic limestone, with slow effervescence . 1,835 1,840 Like the preceding . 1,840 1,845 Like the preceding . 1,845 1,850 Like the preceding . 1,850 1,855 Oolitic limestone, effervescing slowly, and black and red shale. 1,855 1,860 Like the preceding . 1,860 1,865 Oolitic white calcareous limestone . 1,865 1,870 Like the preceding . 1,870 1,875 Like the preceding . 1,875 1,880 Like the preceding . 1,880 1,885 Like the preceding . 1,885 1,890 Gray limestone effervescing slowly . 1,890 1,895 Fine gray sand, pure, grains measuring about 1/6 mm. in diameter. . 1,895 1,900 Gray limestone, effervescing slowly with acid . 1,895 1,900 Gray limestone, calcareous . 1,900 1,905 Like the preceding . 1,905 1,91 0 Like the preceding . 1,910 1,915 Like the preceding . 1,915 1,920 Like the preceding . 1,920 1,925 Like the preceding . 1,925 1,930 Like the preceding . 1,930 1,935 Like the preceding . 1,935 1,940 Gray calcareous limestone with a few bits of chalcedonic chert. 1,940 1,945 Gray limestone, with slow effervescence, and some fragments of chert 1.945 1.950 Gray oolitic, calcareous, limestone . 1,950 1,955 Like the preceding . 1,955 1,960 Like the preceding . 1,960 1,965 Gray oolitic limestone, effervescing slowly. Fragments of ribbed lamellibranch shell noted . 1,965 1,970 Gray oolitic, limestone, effervescing slowly . 1,970 1,975 Gray marl . 1,975 1,980 Gray marl and some limestone . 1,980 1,985 Gray, very finely granular, dolomitic, and oolitic limestone, with some chalcedonic chert . 1,985 1,990 Like the preceding . 1,990 1,995 Like the preceding . 1,995 2.000 Note.— The Chester begins at 1,450 feet below the curb of this well. 42. WELL NO. 7,- ON FARM OF W. H. SNYDER, DENNISON TOWNSHIP, LAWRENCE COUNTY. This well of the Ohio Oil Company, on the farm of Willis IT. Sny¬ der, is situated in the SW. NW. % sec. 25, T. 3 N., E. 12 W., Den¬ nison Township, Lawrence County. Its elevation is 495 feet. Its sec¬ tion is in Pennsylvanian to a depth of 1,535 feet and in Mississippian below this. The Pottsville lies between 1,000 feet and 1,535 feet, and coal No. 6 is between 560 feet and 580 feet. Description of samples from Snyder well. Depth in feet. From. To. Loess . 1 5 Loess, silty . 5 20 Gray sandy limestone and micaceous and calcareous sand. Spherules of pyrite noted, measuring from .25 mm. to 1 mm. in diameter. 20 25 Micaceous gray sandstone with occasional shreds of carbonaceous material . 25 35 Sandy shale . 35 40 Gray shale . 40 45 —9 G 130 DEEP BORINGS IN ILLINOIS. Description of samples from Snyder well —Continued. Depth in feet. From. To. Gray sandstone, coal, black shale, and pieces of gray limestone, crinoid stems, one crinoid plate from a calyx, and an umbo of a small brachiopod . 45 60 Light gray shale of fine texture. No effervescense . 50 55 Gray calcareous and sandy rock, with much concretionary calcareous material. One large fragment is black concretionary limestone with embedded minute white shells and tubes, apparently small gastero- pods or foraminifera . 55 60 Shaly sandstone, some shale, white and yellow limestone of concretion¬ ary appearance, and some coal . 60 65 Sandy shale of very light gray color. 65 70 Dark gray micaceous shale . 70 90 Dark shale and black shale, fragments of concretionary limestone Nucula beyrichi (?), crinoid stems, tubes of Ammodiscus, and frag¬ ments of concretionary limestone . 90 100 Black shale . 100 105 Black shale, black calcareous “clod,” occasional pieces of coal, crinoid stems, “mineral charcoal” showingwvoody structure, pyrite and calcite 105 110 Gray sandy micaceous shale . 110 12U Gi’ay micaceous sandstone . 120 140 Gray sandy shale, black shale and coal, with some calcareous material 140 145 Gray sandy and micaceous shale . 145 155 Fine gray sand . 155 165 Fine gray shaly sand . 165 170 Fine gray shaly sand, with dark shaly laminae. 170 175 Laminated shaly sandstone . 175 180 Laminated gray sandy shale ... 180 185 Dark micaceous and sandy shale . 185 195 Dark shale, micaceous . 195 200 Sandy shale and sandstone . 200 205 Coarse, micaceous gray sand . 205 215 Micaceous gray shale . 215 225 Dark shale of fine texture . 225 230 Dark shale, black shale, some sandstone, impure coal, and fragments of limestone, yellow. Crinoid stems and a small gasteropod noted. . 230 235 Fire clay, sandy shale, and concretionary fossil-bearing yellow lime¬ stone. A few fragments of coal noted . 235 240 Gray shale . 240 245 Gray stony shale . 245 250 Dark micaceous shale . 250 255 Gray micaceous shale . 255 260 Dark micaceous shale .,. 260 265 Gray shaly sandstone and sandy shale . 265 270 Gray micaceous sand of fine texture . 270 310 Gray sand and some lumps of light fire clay or shale containing imprints of leaves . 310 315 Clean and white micaceous sand . 315 320 Gray micaceous sandstone . 320 335 Light gray fire clay, coal, some sandstone, and a little limestone. Minute spherules of .siderite present in the fire clay . 335 340 Cream white limestone of fine granular homogeneous texture, with occasional minute green specks, and occasional indistinct organic fragments . 340 345 White limestone of fine uniform texture. Some fragments show a fine reticulate structure. Some greenish shale and pyrite . 345 350 Brownish-red marly clay and limestone . 350 355 Red marl, greenish marl, and white limestone . 355 360 White limestone of fine uniform texture, with a few fragments of gray shaly limestone . 360 365 Gray sandstone, biotitic and impregnated with irregular kernels and layers of yellow calcareous material . 365 370 Some sandstone, some white limestone, and some fragments of a slowly effervescing material . 370 375 Dirty dark marl and limestone, with some fragments of bright red marl, and some black fragments . 375 380 Gray sandstone . 380 385 Very dark shaly sandstone, bituminous green shale . 385 390 Dark, almost black, sandy micaceous shale . 390 400 Dark gray shale of fine texture . 400 405 Gray micaceous shaly sandstone and some white limestone. 410 415 Dark gray shale of fine texture. Coal . 405 410 Dark gray shale of fine texture and some white limestone . 415 425 Gray micaceous laminated sandstone . 425 430 Dark gray shale and some brown clay . 430 435 Dark gray sandstone with layers of siderite . 435 440 Dark gray micaceous shale, and dark gray sandstone with layers of siderite . 440 445 Dark gray micaceous shale, a dark gray sandstone with layers of car¬ bonate of lime, and a few fragments of limestone . 445 450 Dark gray shale, siderite and pyrite . 450 455 Dark gray shale of fine texture and some siderite . 455 460 WELL KECORDS. 131 Description of samples from Snyder well —Continued. Depth in feet. From. To. Dark gray micaceous shale, and gray sandstone with layers of siderite 460 470 Dark gray shale, sandstone and concretions of siderite. 470 475 Dark gray shale of fine texture and some siderite . 475 480 Dark gray micaceous shale, and some siderite . 480 485 Dark gray shale, dark micaceous shale, and siderite . 485 495 Dark gray shale, white and dark limestone. 495 500 Siderite concretions showing cracks filled with calcite, and gray lime¬ stone and shale . 500 . 505 Gray shaly sandstone, siderite concretions and some gray limestone... 505 510 Gray shaly sandstone, fragments of white and gray limestone . 510 515 Gray sandy shale, siderite and fragments of gray limestone. 515 520 Dark gray shale, some greenish shale, siderite, and fragments of gray limestone . 520 525 Dark gray micaceous shale, and some siderite . 525 530 Dark gray shale, some greenish shale and some siderite. 530 535 Dark shale, siderite and some brown limestone . 535 540 Dark shale, siderite, fragments of limestone, and a part of a crinoid stem noted . 540 545 Dark shale and fragments of limestone .. 545 560 Black shale with organic calcareous fragments. Crinoid stems and Rhombopora lepidodendroides noted. Spherules of siderite present. Spines of Productus (?) . 560 565 Black shale with organic calcareous material, limestone, fragments of gray micaceous sandstone, numerous crinoid stems noted, also siderite. Hustedia, Chonetes punctatus, Rhombopora lepidoden¬ droides ,, gasteropods and crinoid stems noted; also spines of pro¬ ductus (?) 565 570 Black shale with calcareous material, fragments of limestone and sandstone, small gasteropods, numerous crinoid stems, and spines of Producti noted . 570 575 Coal, gray shale, limestone, numerous crinoid stems and pyrite. 575 580 Brownish dark limestone, gray shale, and fragments of coal. Consider¬ able pyrite, fossil wood in fragments. 580 585 Brownish dark limestone, gray shale, some crinoid stems and Chonetes noted . 585 590 Gray micaceous shale, gray shale, gray limestone and brown limestone 590 595 Gray sandy shale, fragments of brown and gray limestone . 595 600 Dark gray shale of a fine texture and some pyrite . 600 605 Dark gray shale of a fine texture, some gray micaceous shale, pyrite and fragments of coal . 605 610 Dark gray shale of a fine texture . 610 620 Dark gray micaceous shale . 620 625 Dark gray shale and fragments of limestone . 625 630 Dark gray micaceous shale and some pyrite . 630 635 Dark gray shale, fragments of coal and limestone. 635 640 Dark gray shale, fragments of limestone and some pyrite . 640 645 Light gray sandstone of fine texture, and fragments of black shale. . . . 645 650 Light gray sandstone, and some fragments of black shale. 650 660 Dark gray shale and light gray sandstone. 660 665 Light gray micaceous fine sand . 665 680 Fine white micaceous sand with infiltrated calcite . 680 685 Fine white micaceous sand and some dark gray shale . 685 695 Fine gray micaceous sand with infiltrated lime. 695 700 Dark gray shale and gray sandstone . 700 705 Gray micaceous laminated sandstone . 705 710 Coal, some gray shale, and a few fragments of limestone . 710 715 Gray micaceous laminated sandstone and some coal . 715 720 Micaceous sandstone . 720 725 Dark gray shale . 725 730 Black shale of fine texture . 730 735 Very dark stony shale of fine texture . 735 740 Gray micaceous sandstone, some black shale and fragments of white limestone . 740 745 Gray micaceous sandstone, soft, and containing calcareous material. . 745 750 Micaceous sandstone . 750 755 Dark shale, sandstone, coal, with some limestone fragments . 755 760 Fire clay, black shale, coal, sandstone, a few fragments of limestone, yellow siderite, spherical concretions, measuring from .125 mm. to 2 mm. in diameter . 760 770 Dark shaly clay and micaceous clay, with coal, sandstone and small spherical concretions of siderite . 770 775 Dark clayey shale and some micaceous and sandy shale. 775 78 u Gray clayey shale of fine texture, with some stony and micaceous shale 780 790 Dark gray shale, in part sandy, in part of fine texture. Much pyrite, some pyritized wood and “mineral charcoal” . 790 795 Light gray shale or fire clay. 795 800 Light gray fire clay, white sandstone, coal, and some fragments of white and yellow limestone . 800 805 Gray clay shale or fire clay, coal, and white sandstone . 805 810 Fire clay, sandy gray shale, black shale, coal and brown siderite. 810 815 132 DEEP BOEINGS IN ILLINOIS. Description of samples from Snyder ivell —Continued. Depth in feet. From. To. Soft gray micaceous sandstone, with thin carbonaceous laminae, black shale, brown siderite, pyrite and some fragments of fissured white limestone . 815 820 Black shale containing calcareous organic fragments, and gray sand¬ stone containing thin layers of shaly material, pyrite and spherules of gray lime measuring about .5 mm. in diameter. 820 825 Dark shale and greenish gray sandy fire clay . 825 830 Gray micaceous sandstone, fire clay and black shale with white lime¬ stone. Crinoid stems noted .<. 830 840 Black shale and gray micaceous sandstone, brown siderite, white lime¬ stone and partly pyritized mineral charcoal . 840 845 Gray micaceous sandstone, laminated, gray marly shale . 845 850 Laminated dark shale and sandstone, with a few fragments of coal, apparently from a thin seam in rock. 850 855 Gray sandstone and sandy shale, with black shale, impure coal and siderite . 855 860 Like the preceding but with some pure coal . 860 865 Gray shale, fire clay, gray sandstone, and coaly black shale. 865 870 Fire clay, gray shale, coal, brown siderite, white limestone, fragments of shells and crinoid stems, pyrite giving an oily film on the water when washed . 870 875 Gray clayey shale, and coal, with some calcareous material . 875 880 Like the preceding. Crinoid joints noted . 880 885 Gray clayey shale, containing fragments of coal and of limestone and also some mica . 885 900 Mostly fire clay, greenish gray, some gray sandstone, black shale, a little coal, and much pyrite. Fragments of shells and of limestone noted. In the fire clay a joint was filled with a thin, film of black bituminous or carbonaceous material . 900 905 Gray laminated micaceous sandstone . 905 915 Dark gray sandy and micaceous shale . 915 920 Gray micaceous sandstone and dark shale . 920 925 Gray sandstone, greenish fire clay and coaly black laminated shale. . . 925 930 Gray laminated sandstone, black shale, brown siderite, fragments of white limestone . 930 935 Sandstone, from dark to light gray, and showing streaks of carbon¬ aceous material, together with black coaly shale . 935 940 Greenish gray fire clay, containing spherules of siderite from .25 mm. to .5 mm. in diameter, and having thin joints filled with bituminous or carbonaceous material. Some "sandstone and shale . 940 945 Greenish gray fire clay . 945 950 Dark shale of fine texture . 950 955 Gray coarse sand with a faint odor of petroleum. It floats on water. . 955 960 Black and dark shale, with some carbonaceous layers. 960 965 Dark and black shale and concretionary siderite and white limestone 965 970 Minutely blotched and light gray limestone . 970 975 Minutely blotched dark gray limestone and some dark shale. 975 980 Dark clayey shale . 980 990 Black shale and gray sandstone . 990 995 Black coaly shale with brownish streak and containing streaks of brown flaky siderite, greenish gray fire clay, gray limestone, and stony fire clay filled with minute spherules of siderite . 995 1,000 Black and gray shale and a fragment of coal. 1,000 1,005 Coarse quartz sandstone with fragments of siderite . 1,005 1,010 Gray sandstone with siderite grains . 1,010 1,015 Gray sandstone with many grains of brown siderite . 1,015 1,020 Fairly coarse gray sand . 1,020 1,030 Fine gray sand having the odor of petroleum . 1,030 1,035 Fine gray sand with some black and gray shale, white limestone, and yellow and brown siderite . 1,035 1,040 Gray sandstone, some coarse with black and brown grains, some laminated, alternating with black micaceous shale . 1,040 1,045 Black shale, some sandstone, and some white limestone. 1,045 1,050 Black stiff shale, some clayey shale and white limestone . 1,050 1,060 Black shale and fire clay with a few fragments of coal. 1,060 1,065 Black shale and some white limestone . 1,065 1,075 Black shale, some pyrite and white limestone. 1,075 1,080 Black shale and some pyrite . 1,080 1,085 Gray sandstone with embedded siderite spherules and shreds of car¬ bonaceous material . 1,085 1,090 Gray sandstone of fine texture . 1,090 1,100 Gray sandstone of fine texture with some dark gray shale. 1,100 1,105 Gray sandstone of fine texture . 1,105 1,110 Gray sandstone with some fragments of white limestone. 1,110 1,115 Laminated shaly sandstone, consisting of layers of dark sandy shale and light gray sandstone . 1,115 1,120 Laminated sandstone and shale .•. 1,120 1,130 Green and black fire clay of fine texture, cut by joints . 1,130 1,140 Greenish blotchy very dark fire clay, with siderite concretions in large fragments, and some very red clay lumps with green cores. 1,140 1,145 WELL EECOEDS. 133 Description of samples from Snyder well —Continued. Depth in feet. From. To. Very dark, almost black fire clay... 1,145 1,150 Very dark, almost black fire clay, of a greenish tinge, some bright red clay showing green streaks, some white limestone, and some coal or bituminous substance . 1,150 1,155 Very dark fire clay . 1,155 1,160 Dark fire clay-like shale . 1,160 1,165 Black stiff shale and fragments of siderite concretions. 1,165 1,170 Black shale and dark green shale . 1,170 1,185 Black shale and gray shale, with some white sandstone and frag¬ ments of siderite concretions . 1,185 1,190 Black shale . 1,190 1,195 Black shale with some fragments of siderite . 1,195 1,200 Dark gray shale of fine clay-like texture . 1,200 1,205 Laminated white and black sandstone. The laminae are thin. 1,205 1,215 Dark shale . 1,215 1,220 Dark shale with some sandstone ... 1,220 1,225 Dark shale . 1,225 1,235 Dark sandy shale and laminated sandstone . 1,235 1,240 Dark shale . 1,240 1,245 Dark sandy shale and white, fine-grained sandstone, apparently inter- Gray shale, greenish fire clay, some coal and a little nodular limestone 1,255 1,260 Gray shale and dark shale, some yellow siderite, some white limestone and a few fragments of coal. Bituminous joints. 1,260 1,270 Gray shale, black shale, white sandstone of fine texture and white limestone . 1,270 1,280 Gray shale, considerable white limestone, and white sandstone of fine compact texture . 1,280 1,285 Black shale and white fine-grained sandstone with some limestone. . 1,285 1,290 Fine-grained, hard white sandstone, gray, sandy shale and white lime¬ stone . 1,290 1,295 Micaceous gray sandstone, black shale and some pieces of white lime¬ stone . 1,295 1,300 Dark gray shale, white fine-grained sandstone, and some fragments of white limestone . 1,300 1,305 Light gray micaceous sandstone, gray shale and some fragments of white limestone . 1,305 1,310 Dark gray shale, laminated sandstone and some limestone. 1,310 1,315 White, fine-grained sandstone, gray shale, white limestone, and some pyrite . 1,315 1,320 Sand, fairly coarse . 1,320 1,325 Yellow rusty sand . 1,325 1,340 Yellow rusty sand with some shale . 1,340 1,345 Laminated gray sandstone of fine texture. 1,345 1,355 Fine sand with some shale and calcareous material. 1,355 1,360 Fine sand and shale with some carbonate of lime. 1,360 1,365 Fine sand and shale . 1,365 1,370 Dark gray shale and sand . 1,370 1,380 Sand, gray shale and black shale. 1,380 1,405 Greenish gray fire clay, some dark shale, considerable pyrite, and sand (from above) . 1,405 1,410 Greenish gray fire' clay, much pyrite, a few fragments of rock con¬ taining organic calcareous fragments and some sand. 1,410 1,415 Dark greenish gray shale, some fragments of black shale, and pyrite 1,415 1,420 Sand of fine texture and dark greenish gray shale or fire clay with much pyrite . 1,420 1,425 Dark green fire clay or shale, very much pyrite and fragments of coal, evidently from a thin seam. 1,425 1,430 Dark greenish gray fire clay, pyrite and fragments of impure coal... 1,430 1,435 Dark green fire clay and dark shale with some coal. 1,435 1,440 Very dark shale, thin splitting and dark green fire clay. 1,440 1,445 Very dark shale, dark green fire clay, a little coal and pyrite. 1,445 1,470 Dark green fire clay and dark shale, pyritiferous . 1,470 1,480 Dark green fire clay-like shale . 1,480 1,495 Dark green fire clay-like shale, with much pyrite, and some coal in thin seams . 1,495 1,500 Dark green fire clay-like shale . 1,500 1,510 Dark green fire clay-like shale, some black bituminous shale with thin laminae of coal, and with pyrite . 1,510 1,515 Dark green fire clay-like shale, daik gray shale, with pyrites, like shale of “Coal Measures” . 1,515 1,520 Dark green fire clay, like shale, and dark gray shale with pyrite. . . 1,520 1,535 Brownish red marl, some fire clay-like greenish shale, some pyrite and some fragments of white limestone. The red marl and the iimestone have the aspect of the Chester . 1,535 1,540 Brownish red shale, pyrite and fragments of white limestone. 1,540 1,545 Red marly shale, gray marly shale and white limestone. 1,545 1,565 Dark gray shale and marl . 1,565 1,570 134 DEEP BORIXGS IX ILLIXOIS. Description of samples from Snyder well —Concluded. Depth in feet. From. To. Dark gray stony marl and fragments of white limestone, with crinoid stems . 1,570 1,590 Gray marl and red marly shale with fragments of white limestone... 1,590 1,595 Gray, green and red shale, white limestone, sandy limestone, pyrite and crinoid stems . 1,595 1,615 Greenish gray calcareous shale . 1,615 1,635 Dark green, stony, calcareous shale . 1,635 1,640 Dark gray shale, organic fragmental limestone, dirty speckled, gray. . 1,640 1,645 Shale and limestone . 1,645 1,650 Gray marly shale and organic fragmental limestone. Oily. 1,650 1,655 Organic fragmental limestone and some shale. Oily. 1,655 1,660 Dark gray shale, green shale, red shale and organic fragmental lime¬ stone. Oily . 1,660 1,665 Like the preceding with less limestone . 1,665 1,680 Red marly shale and green laminated shale . 1,680 1,685 Red marly shale and dark green shale . 1,685 1,695 Gray marly shale, gray sandstone of fine texture and some organic fragmental limestone . 1,695 1,700 Gray marly shale . 1,700 1,730 Fine gray quartz sand showing a few mica scales.. .. R730 1,755 Fine textured gray sand with some shale . 1,755 1,760 Fine textured gray sand with some gray shale . 1,760 1,765 Gray marly shale and sand . 1,765 1,775 Fine textured gray sand, dark gray shale, with some fragments of limestone showing joints filled with black bituminous films. 1,775 1,780 Gray marly shale and fine sand . 1,780 1,785 Earthy black marly shale filled with bitumen . 1,785 1,795 Partly like the preceding, partly gray stony marl. 1,795 1,800 Gray marly shale and fine sand . 1,800 1,805 Like the preceding with some very thtn-splitting black shale. 1,805 1,810 Black shale and fine gray sand . 1,810 1,920 Gray marly shale, and some black bituminous material, shining on conchoidally fracturing surfaces. Fractures and fuses in flame... 1,820 1,825 Gray marly shale . 1,825 1,830 Gray marly shale, with a black bitumen showing conchoidal, shiny cleavage . 1,830 1,835 Gray marly shale with a few small fragments of bitumen. 1,835 1,840 Gray marly shale . 1,840 1,850 Gray marly shale, with some fine micaceous sand, and showing black streaks . 1,850 1,860 Gray marly shale . 1,860 1,865 Almost black and dark, greenish-gray, marly, sandy shale, showing red streaks, and a dark greenish sand of fine texture. Mica noted. Oily . 1,865 1,880 Dark, greenish gray fire clay-like shale. Oily. 1,880 1,885 Dark, greenish gray shale and sandy rock, and some red shale appear¬ ing earthy, from bitumen . 1,885 1,890 Green and red shale, with some fragments of sandstone and some organic limestone. Oily . 1,890 1,910 Oolitic limestone and green shale . 1,910 1,915 Oolitic limestone, other limestone, green shale and some red shale. A small Dielasma noted. The dark green shale splits into very thin fragments . 1,915 1,920 Green shale, dark shale, red shale, and oolitic limestone. 1,920 1,930 Green shale, red shale, and some dirty looking limestone and oolite. Crinoid stem noted . 1,930 1,945 Mostly iron rust from bit or casing . 1,945 1,950 Limestone with a great deal of rust. 1,950 1,955 Granular limestone with some well rounded quartz sand, and some oolitic grains . 1,955 1,960 Granular limestone, gray . 1,960 1,965 Coarse oolitic limestone, with some quartz grains. 1,965 1,970 An organic breccia, with embedded oolitic grains, and some quartz grains . 1,970 1,980 Organic fragmental limestone, with oolitic spherules, and with a few fragments of chert . 1,980 1,995 Limestone, fragmental, oolitic . 1,995 2,000 The writer’s interpretation of this section is as below: Feet below surface. Coal No. 6, probably at . 560- 580 Pennsylvanian . 0-1,000 Pottsville (Pennsylvanian) . 1,000-1,535 Mississippian . 1,535-2,000 WELL EECOEDS. 135 43. WELL NO. 1, ON FABM OF E. J. EIDGELY, DENNISON TOWNSHIP, LAWEENCE COUNTY. Well No. 1, on the farm of E. J. Eidgely is operated by the Ohio Oil Company. It is situated in the NE. sec. 11, Dennison Township, Lawrence County. Its curb is elevated 471 feet above sea level. Its a depth of about 800 feet. Description of samples from Ridgely well. Depth in feet. From. To. Loess . 0 6 Loess . 6 12 Loess, with some sand . 12 18 Loess . 18 24 Loess, with some sand . 2 4 3 0 Drift, a yellow silt with some sand . 30 30 Like the preceding - , body more sandy . 36 42 A yellow, sandy silt . 42 48 Like the preceding . 48 54 Yellow sandy silt .'.. 54 60 Yellow sand, slightly micaceous . 60 66 Gray sand . 66 72 Gray sand, with some mica . 72 78 Like the preceding .. 78 84 Gray sand, in part crushed. 84 90 Like the preceding . 90 95 Gray sand . 95 100 Gray sand . 100 105 Gray sand . 105 110 Black shale, coaly, thinly laminated, with some black calcareous, concretionary fragments . 110 115 Dove-colored shale, of fine texture . 115 120 Like the preceding (4 samples). 120 140 Dove-colored shale, silty . 140 145 Like the preceding (5 samples). 145 170 Light gray shale, of fine texture . 170 175 Like the preceding . 175 180 Dove-colored shale, silty (3 samples). 180 195 Some gray shale and some black coaly shale .. . 195 200 Dark gray," soft shale . 200 205 Gray, soft, shale . 205 210 Like the preceding (2 samples). 210 220 Dove-colored shale, silty . 220 225 Graj^, fine-grained sand . . .. 225 230« Light gray silty shale and some carbonaceous shale. 230 235 Greenish gray fire clay .•. 235 240' Greenish gray sandy shale . 24Q 245., Gray micaceous sand, with some black shale . 245 250< Gray micaceous sand, with some black carbonaceous shale and some fragments of clay ironstone . 250 255; Like the preceding (2 samples). 255 265. Mostly a white limestone of a peculiar minute reticulate texture, also showing some minute organic structures . 265 270" Like the preceding, with some fragments of a dark limestone. 270 276 Limestone like that in the two preceding samples, with some gray sandstone and some shale or fire clay . 276 282’ White limestone . 282 288, White limestone and gray marly shale . 288 294: Bluish gray shale of fine texture. 294 300 Gray limestone, concretionary (?), and gray shale. 300 306: Light gray shale . 306 312 Like the preceding (2 samples). 312 324' Gray shale . 324 330 Gray shale . 330 336 Gray silty shale . 336 342- Gray shale . 342 348 Gray silty shale (2 samples). 348 360 Gray sandy shale . 360 366 Very fine-textured, gray sand, and some green shale. 366 372 Like the preceding, but darker . 372 378 Gray shale (7 samples). 378 420 Gray shale and coal . 420 426 Fire clay and coal . 426 432 Gray shale . 432 438 136 DEEP BOEINGS IN ILLINOIS. Description of samples from Ridgely well —Continued. Depth in feet. From. To. Shale, gray, stiff, micaceous . 438 444 Gray shale, white limestone and coal . 444 450 Gray shale, with some sand and limestone. 450 456 Black limestone . 456 462 Gray shale, with some limestone and coal. 462 468 Gray shale, in part sandy, and some dark limestone, which effervesces slowly on the application of acid ... 468 474 Greenish gray shale, with some black shale . 474 480 Shale, some dark gray and micaceous, some sandy. 480 486 Dark sandy shale, earthy in appearance, with some fragments of lime¬ stone, in which fragments of fossils were noted. 486 492 Gray silty shale . 492 498 Black shale . 498 504 Black shale of fine texture, blotched . 504 510 Dark shale, sandy, micaceous, and with imbedded fragments of car¬ bonaceous material . 510 516 Black shale of fine texture, and some coal. 516 522 Dark fire clay and some coal. 522 528 Light gray shale . 528 534 Light gray shale, micaceous and marly (3 samples). 534 552 Light gray shale, micaceous, silty . 552 558 Like the preceding . 558 564 Gray shale, silty and micaceous . 564 570 Some greenish gray shale, silty and sandy, with shreds of vegetation. A leaf-like impression shows a reticulate structure. 570 576 Greenish gray shale or fire clay, with shreds of carbonaceous material 576 583 Gray micaceous shale . 583 590 Dark gray shale (2 samples). 590 604 Gray shale, with some limestone, some black carbonaceous shale and some fragments of clay ironstone. Some fragments of a white limestone were noted. This was brecciated and consisted of minute angiilar fragments separated by veins of clear calcite. There were also some fragments of a black limestone . 604 611 Dark gray shale, with some black shale, and some white brecciated limestone. A protoconch of an Orthoceras . 611 618 Gray micaceous shale and some compact gray limestone and much coaly black shale. Spherical concretions of siderite, % mm. in diameter, were noted . 618 625 Gray shale (2 samples).'. 625 639 Sandstone of fine texture, and sandy shale. 639 646 Gray sandy shale, with concretionary spherules of clay ironstone. Also some yellow limestone . 646 652 Gray, micaceous, sandy shale. 652 658 Like the preceding (2 samples). 658 670 Micaceous sandy shale, and some greenish shale. 670 676 Gray shale, black shale, and coal, with some fragments of clay iron- Dark gray shale . 682 687 Dark gray shale . 687 692 Dark gray shale . 692 698 Gray, micaceous, sandy shale, or shaly sandstone. 698 706 Gray, micaceous shale, with pyrites. Also some limestone. 706 710 Gray carbonaceous shale, with carbonaceous sandstone.... 710 715 Black shale, with some fragments of limestone and pyrite. 715 720 Black shale . 720 726 Black shale, gray micaceous sandstone, and pyrite. 726 732 Like the preceding . 732 738 Black shale and gray sandstone, with pyrite and siderite concre¬ tions . 738 744 Coal, fire clay, and black shale ... 744 750 Greenish gray fire clay, with a few fragments of coal, black shale, sandstone, and pyrite . 750 756 Light gray shale, with some coal and sandstone. 756 762 Black fissile shale, gray shale, some coal and sandstone. The black shale has narrow light fucoid . 762 768 Gray shale . 768 774 Gray shale and gray sandstone . 774 780 Shaly sandstone, light gray, micaceous. 780 786 Like the preceding, with some dark shale. 786 792 Black “miner’s slate,” coal, and limestone. The limestone is dark or black, with some white, like the limestone over number 6 coal. Some fragments of fossils were noted. 792 798 A white siliceous rock, with minute black specks, scattered or lying in curving broken streaks. The rock contains occasional scales of mica. It recalls the texture of the “white cap” over the No. 6 coal in Peoria County. Sandstone, gray shale, black miner’s slate, and coal were also noted. The limestone contained Rhombopora lepidodendroides . 798 804 Gray stony shale, limestone, coal, and sandstone, as above. Rhom¬ bopora lepidodendroides noted . 804 810 WELL EECOEDS. 137 Description of samples from Ridgely well —Continued. Depth in feet. From. To. Limestone, sandstone, and shale. One crinoid joint, one Productus(?) spine, and one Rhombopora lepidodendroides was noted.. 810 816 Dark grayish yellow, impure limestone, frequently with yellow oolitic spherules less than .25 of a mm. in diameter, with some shale. Pyrite and a bryozoan noted in some black shale.. 816 822 Some dark and some light limestone, with much coal and some black shale. Pyrite noted . 822 828 Dark gray micaceous shale . 828 834 Like the preceding . 834 846 Like the preceding, with some coal and a brownish gray limestone, in which Rhombopora lepidodendroides was noted . 846 852 Gray unctuous clay and black shale . 852 858 Greenish gray shale, with sandstone that is frequently filled with small oolitic spherules of carbonate of iron, which measure from .125 mm. to nearly 1 mm. in diameter, some fragments consisting entirely of these spherules, being an oolitic rock of carbonate of iron. 858 864 Sandstone and shale . 864 870 Sandstone and shale, showing thin foliations of alternately light and black shale . 870 877 Like the preceding . 877 884 Gray shale and sandstone, with white limestone and coal and also some “miner’s slate.” Pyrites, shreds of vegetation, and “mineral charcoal” . 884 891 Gray and dark micaceous shale, with limestone and oolitic spherules of carbonate of iron . 891 898 Gray, micaceous shale . 898 904 White limestone, with organic fragments, and black and greenish shale and sandstone . 904 910 Shale, sandstone and limestone . 910 916 Gray shale, sandstone, and white limestone impregnated with bitum¬ inous material . 916 922 Gray shale, and some red shale . 922 928 Gray shale . 928 934 Dark shale and fire clay . 934 940 Dark gray shale . 940 946 Black shale, some limestone and some coal. 946 952 Shale and coal . 952 958 Sand . 958 964 Sand and some green shale . 964 970 Gray and dark shale in thin alternate laminations. 970 976 Sand and some shale .. 976 982 Dark gray shale . 982 988 Sand and dark shale . 988 994 Dark gray micaceous shale and sand, with pyrite having vegetable structure . 994 1,000 Gray dark shale . 1,000 1,006 Dark gray shale . 1,006 1,012 Sand and dark micaceous shale, with concretionary siderite and pyrite 1,012 1,018 Dark shale . 1,018 1,024 Hard dark shale . 1,024 1,030 White sand . 1,030 1,036 Light gray micaceous sand . 1,036 1,042 Yellowish gray, micaceous sand . 1,042 1,048 Like the preceding . 1,048 1,054 Like the preceding . 1,054 1,060 Black and gray shale, with thin laminations . 1,060 1,066 Dark shale of fine texture . 1,066 1,072 Black shale of fine texture . 1,072 1,078 Micaceous sand, yellowish white . 1,078 1,084 Shale and clay, some dark and some greenish gray. 1,084 1,090 Sandstone, with much carbonaceous material, and some shale. 1,090 1,096 Dark shale . 1,096 1,102 Sand and shale . 1,102 1,108 Sandstone of somewhat coarse texture, with some shale. 1,108 1,114 Sandy shale, sand and fire clay . 1,114 1,120 Sand . 1,120 1,126 Sand . 1,126 1,132 Dark gray stony shale, with some shale and sandstone. 1,132 1,138 Sand, with some shale. 1,138 1,150 Dark shale, with some sand, some pyrite and some manganese con¬ cretions, such as have been noted in fire clays. 1,150 1,156 Black shale with some bony coal . 1,156 1,162 Like the preceding .... 1,162 1,168 Stony, black laminated shale . 1,168 1,174 Gray sand . 1,174 1,180 Gray sand . 1,180 1,186 Black shale, limestone and coal . 1,186 1,192 Greenish gray fire clay . 1,192 1,198 Black shale and sandstone . 1,198 1,204 Yellowish gray sand; floats on water . 1,204 1,209 138 DEEP BORINGS IN ILLINOIS Description of samples from Ridgely well —Concluded. Depth in feet. From. To. Like the preceding . 1,209 1,214 Black shale . 1,214 1,219 Laminated black shale . 1,219 1,224 Black and gray shale, with some coal . 1,224 1,229 Like the preceding . 1,229 1,234 Sand, floats on water . 1,234 1,239 Sand, dark brown, oily . 1,239 1,244 INDEX. *139 INDEX. Agriculture . 16 Ambocoelia .109, 119 Ammodiscus . .26, 97, 100, 109, 110, 120, 130 Argillite, tests for. 19 Archimedes .25, 85, 90 Athyris . .....80, 85, 90 Aviculopecten .97, 106 B Bellerophon .97, 98 Blue Island Waterworks well No. 3 . . 37 Brachiopods . 66 , 70, 71 Bryozoa . 26 Bureau County, wells in.12, 47, 57 Burlington limestone, stratigraphic features of. 32 see also individual well records. C Cambrian formation.29, 31 see also individual well records. Cedar Valley limestone. 22 Chatsworth city well. 42 Chert in rocks. 31 Chester limestone, chert in. 31 Color of. 27 Description of. 25 Stratigraphic features. 32 see also individual well records. Chetetes . 63 Chicago, Wilmington & Vermilion Coal Company’s well. 69 Chonetes . ..74, 78, 81, 97, 98, 103, 106, 117, 131 Clark County, wells in.25, 91, 93 Clinton County, well in. 73 Cincinnatian shales, color of. 27 Description of. 26 Stratigraphic features of. 32 see also individual well records. Clays, tests for. 19 “Coal Measures,” color of. 27 Fossils in. 26 see also individual well records. Cochran well No. 9.116 Colors of formations.19, 27 Cook County, well in. 37 Craig and Lowrie well.113 PAGE. Crawford County, Cochran well No. 9 in .116 Craig and Lowrie well in.113 Curtis well No. 8 in.104 Drake well No. 23 in.100 Edwards well No. 15 in..'£09 Newlin well No. 21 in..114 Shiltz well No. 7 in..107 Siler well No. 4 in. 94 Wells in . 33 Wilson well No. 21 in.<102 Crinoids . 26 Curtis well No. 8 .104 Cyathophyllid .100 D Darton . 11 Depue, well at. 47 Devonian formation, chert in. 31 Color of shales in. 27 Description of black shale in... 22-25 Fossils in. 26 Stratigraphic features of. 32 Texture of limestone and shales in 29 see also individual well records. Dielasma . 90 Dolomite, tests for. i . . 20 Texture of. 29-30 Douglas County, well in. 71 Drake well No. 23...100 Drillers, cooperation with. 12 Drilling .11-12 Duquoin Land and Farming Com¬ pany well . 90 E Echinoids in St. Louis limestone.... 26 Edmondia .106 ' Edwards well No. 15.109 Elgin Waterworks well. 35 Endothyra .26, 70, 93 Estheria .24, 67 F Favosites . 95 Fenestella . 80 Fire clay, color of. 27 Fistulipora .90, 103, 109 Flint in rocks. 31 Formations, identification of. 22 140 DEEP BORINGS IN ILLINOIS. PAGE. Fossils, care of. 17 Identification by. 22 In limestones and dolomites. In shales.19-20 Fuller . 11 Fusulina.25, 26, 74, 78, 81, 99, 100, 103, 104, 106, 108, 118 G Gallagher well. 87 Galena limestone, chert in. 31 Color of. 27 Stratigraphic features of. 32 Texture of. 30 Galesburg city well No. 3. 23 Geneseo city well. 59 Gasteropods in Devonian shale. 23 Glauconite in rock. 31 Gould . 11 Grafton, well at. 72 Grave well No. 2.123 Guthrie farm well No. 1. 77 Gypsum, tests for. 19 H Hall, Professor, on shale at Musca¬ tine, Iowa. 23 Harris . 11 Hemipronites .106 Henry city well.24, 55 Henry County, well in. 59 Hustedia .131 I Identification of formations by physi¬ cal characters. 22 Method of. 27 Illinois Central Coal and Salt Com¬ pany’s well. 85 Illinois Coal and Coke Company’s well . 25 Illinois Powder Company’s well.... 72 Ironstone, tests for. 20 J Jacksonville, well near. 68 Jensens farm well. 71 Jersey County, well in. 72 Joliet Crowley Avenue well. 40 K Kane County, well in. 35 Kankakee County, well in. 50 Kendall County, well in. 45 Keokuk formation, stratigraphic fea¬ tures of. 32 Kinderhook formation, color of.. 27, 28 Texture of limestone in. 30 Stratigraphic features of. 32 see also individual well records. Knox County, well in. 23 Lawrence County, Grave well No. 2 in .123 McLeave well No. 4 in.118 Ridgely well No. 1 in.135 Snyder well No. 7 in.129 Wells in. 33-34 La Salle County, well in. 46 Leverett, Frank. 11 Limestone, above coal No. 6. 25 Color of. 27 Dolomitization of. 30 Examination of. 16 Tests for. 20-22 Texture of. 29 see also separate formations. Lingula .22, 24, 67, 110 Livingston County, well in. 42 Logs, drillers’. 12 Of Illinois wells.35-138 Preservation of.12-13 Lower Magnesian limestone, chert in 31 Glauconite in. 31 Texture of.28, 30 see also individual well records. M Manlove, W. B., farm well of....24, 66 Marion County, well in. 77 Marl, tests for . 20 Marshall County, well in.24, 55 McGinnis Farm well. 68 McLeave well No. 4.118 Mendenhall . 11 Mineral Point Zinc Co. well No. 2.. 47 Mississippian limestone, color of..27, 28 Pyrite in. 31 Texture of sandstone in. 31 Texture of shales in. 29 see also individual xoell records. Monmouth well.13, 23, 62 Morgan County, well in. 68 Myalina . 97 N Newlin well No. 21.114 Niagara limestone, chert in. 31 Color of.27, 29 Stratigraphic features of. 32 Texture of. 30 see also individual well records. Norton, Professor. 11 Nucula . 98 O Ohio Oil Company, samples from... 15 Oolitic limestone. 30 Oppenlander farm well No. 1. 81 Ordovician limestone.28, 29 see also individual well records. Orthoceras .136 INDEX. 141 Pennsylvanian series, chert in lime¬ stones of. 31 Color of limestones of. 28 Pyrite in. 31 Stratigraphic features of. 33 Texture of strata of. 29 see also individual well records. Pentremites .25, 85 Peoria well. 25 Perry County, wells in.25, 85, 87 Peru, well near. 46 Physical characters,, identification of formations by. 27 Plano, well near. 45 Plymouth, well near.24, 66 Polypora .51, 81 Pottsville series, stratigraphic fea¬ tures of. 32 Potsdam formation, color of sand¬ stones of. 27 Texture of sandstones of. 28 Texture of shales of. 29 see also individual well records. Princeton city wells. 57 Productus.74, 103, 106, 109, 125 Ptyctodus-calceolus .22, 23 Putnam County, well in. 41 Pyrite in rocks. 31 R Reed well. 41 Retzia .109, 120 Ridgely well No. 1.135 Robinson, well at. 113 Rocks, components of. 31 Rock Island well. 61 Rhombopora. ..26, 70, 71, 75, 81, 98, 103, 106, 109, 115, 117, 131, 136, 137 Rhynchodus . 24 S St. Johns, well at or near.25, 85 St. Louis formation, chert in lime¬ stones of. 31 Color of limestones of. 27 Stratigraphic features of. 32 Texture of limestones in. 30 St. Peter sandstone, color of. 27 Stratigraphic features of. 32 Texture of. 28 see also individual well records. Ste. Genevieve limestone, strati¬ graphic features of. 32 Salem formation, stratigraphic fea¬ tures of.... 32 Samples .13-17 San Bede College well . 46 Sandstone, examination of. 17 Physical characteristics of.18-19 Texture in. 28 PAGE. Sangamon County, well in. 69 Schuyler Oil and Gas Company well.. 24 Schuyler County, well in.24, 66 Shales, color of. 27 Examination of. 16 Test for. 19 Texture of. 29 Shelby County, well in. 70 Shiltz well No. 7.107 Shover well No. 1.25, 93 Siler well No. 4. 96 Silts, tests for. 19 Silurian limestone, texture of. 29 see also individual well records. Snyder well No. 7.129 Solenocaris strigata Meek. 23 Southwell, J. H. 13 Spathiocaris emersoni Clark. 22 Spirifer . 90 Sporangites . .13, 23, 24, .25, 63, 64, 65, 67, 94 State Asylum, Kankakee, well of. .15, 50 Stratigraphic features, identification of formation by.31-34 Stromatopora . 93 Sweetland Creek Shale. ...22, 23, 25, 56 see also individual well records. Synthetodus . 23 Syntrielasma .120 T Textures in rocks. 28 Thayer, C. W. & V. C. Company well at. 69 Thierer farm well No. 1. 73 Trenton limestone, color of. 27 Stratigraphic features of. 32 Texture of.29, 30 see also individual well records. Tubipora .109 Tuscola, well near. 71 V Vaughan . 11 W Warren County, well in.23, 62 Warsaw formation, fossils in. 26 Stratigraphic features of. 32 Washington County, well No. 1 in. . 81 Well records.35-138 Will County, well in. 40 Wilson well No. 21.102 Worthen .11, 13 Y Young well No. 29.25, 91 Z Zaphrentis .110 3 3 3 » 3 3 l 33 > > 3 , 3 3 3 " 3 33 3 3 3 , 3 , > ? *» 33 3 ’ 1 l’ 3 1 1 1 > 1 ’ 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 , 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 , 3 3 3 3 3 3 3333 33 33 33 33 S , 333 3 333333 3 3 > 33 •) 3 3 , > 33 3 33 3 > 3 3 3 3 3 ’) 3 33 33 333 , ) ) 1 ) ) ) ) J ) ’ ’ ) J ) J ) ^ ’ > J > 55 5 J ■E,oH ;; .. •* « a ;* ■< >:• •> v: •* /( '■ < - r c rt & . • 000 plate ii ILLINOIS STATE GEOLOGICAL SURVEY = IUd - t Oolitic 'Chert Gluaeonl)to \ Glauconitic ' ’ BULL. So. !4 PLATE II No.16 . V. t \ S T 0 c t N t „ Unconform ity i : n t .;j= B: - ’ifmonformity Unconformity - - -Unconformity Uryozoa C, *o. L E G E N 0 r~Y Limestone Me/ly limestone Sandy limestone Shaiey limestone Cherty limestone Sandy shale Calcuioous shale Sandstone Calcaieous sandstone Sheley sandstone Coal Unconformity Spprangitfs PyrtCe' -- -. O N I A V 8 i=S TRENTON- a , al e N» ST PETER - Unconformity Unconformity s \ o \ \ \ \ o \ \ + \ \ ' ' \ L ’ I Uryozoa 1 Uacoiitcs / 5E5 LOWER MAGNESIAN £5 *o;\ KINDERHOOX *2 'Sporanjites ~ : » Sporanfitea 55 Columnav Nootlons in northern Illinois. 400 . nr.m » » »» • •_ ” •>" ” ?," 8 » » » » »::» . » i,» ,,«» » » „ B O I)» « ” » B B 8 1> B » B ” B « B B "tt B » « » ° » n » •> » b”b 0 D B 8 O » » ” u ” ” ?, B B B B 8 » O ” w „ w w ” »> ” I) ® »> •> »> » » i) » V I) )> » » ” I) ® »> » » ® o » >, i) i) ») » o n i) »> ” ») »n» ”©» *> » » ® » 0 O t) » V ILLINOIS STATE GEOLOGICAL SURVEY No.17 No. 16 1 Awm'\ Sioliuj! Lit, above Mo,6 coal a: ItGENO Oflll Marly II Umetlnne Sandy luiieclone Shalay limaatona Chotly llmaslona Shal* Stndy shale Caloaroous shale Sandalune Calearuout aandatono Shaley Coal Flro clay ; -- - pa Oolitic Oolitic Sponge spicules Asphaltic ' Unconformity Oolitic - gg n a m - m 1 m Archimedes Red marl B U i[ •; i rV IS BULL. So, U. PLATE III No.27 reo^B Secondary crystallization I Slightly cherly Oolumntv aooilona of oontrnl nnil iiuiitliorii IIIIiioIk 1 .1 Columnar sections In the main oil field of southeastern Illinois All a Hollinger Corp. pH 8.5