MANUAL OF RULES AND REGULATIONS '5^ 
 
 CREATING AND GOVERNING THE 
 
 l^xamin^rs 
 
 OF THE 
 
 UNIVERSITY OF THE STATE OF NEW YORK; 
 
 WITH A STATEMENT 
 
 OF THE 
 
 OBJECTS OF THE BOARD AND THE MODE OF EXAMINATIONS. 
 
 ALBAI^Y: 
 
 WEED. PARSONS AND COMPANY, PRINTERS. 
 
 1874. 
 
UNIVERSITY OF THE STATE OF NEW YORK. 
 
 OFFICERS OF THE BOARD OF REGENTS. 
 
 Hon. John V. L. Peuyk, LL. D., Chancellor of the Board, 13 Elk 
 street, Albany. 
 
 Samuel B. Woolwoeth, LL. D., Secretary of the Board, State 
 Library, Albany. 
 
 MEMBERS OF THE FIRST BOARD OF STATE MEDICAL 
 
 EXAMINERS. 
 
 John F. Gray, M. D., LL. D., President of the Board, Fifth Avenue 
 Hotel, New York. 
 
 John- C. Minoe, A. M., M. D., Eegister of Examinations, 10 East 
 Forty-first street. New York. 
 
 Hoeace M. Paine, A. M., M. H., Secretary, 105 State street, Albany.; 
 
 John A. McVickae, A. M., M. D., 130 East Seventeenth street/ 
 New York. ^ 
 
 i 
 
 William H. Watson, A. M., M. D., 270 Genesee street, Utica. ; 
 
 Geoege E. Belchee, A. M., M. D., 43 East Twenty-first street. New; 
 York. ! 
 
 Heney B. Millaed, a. M., M. D., 47 East Twenty-fifth street, Newi 
 York. 
 
 William S. Seaele, A. M., M. D., 132 Henry street, Brooklyn. 
 Caeeoll Dunham, A. M., M. D., Irvington-on-the-Hudson. 
 
I. 
 
 The Law Authorizing the Appointment of State Boards 
 of Medical Examiners. 
 
 “Ax Act Relating to the Examixatiox of Candidates for 
 THE Degree of Doctor of Medicine. 
 
 “ Passed May 16, 1872.* 
 
 “ The People of the State of yeiu York, represented in Senate and 
 Assembhj, do enact as folloius : 
 
 /'•Section 1. The Regents of the University of the State of New 
 York shall appoint one or more boards of examiners in medicine, each 
 board to consist of not less than seven members, who shall have been 
 licensed to practice physic and surgery in this State. 
 
 •* § 2. Such examiners shall faithfully examine all candidates referred 
 to them for that purpose by the Chancellor of said University, and fur- 
 nish him a detailed report in writing of all the questions and answers 
 of each examination, together with a separate written opinion of each 
 examiner as to the acquirements and merits of the candidates in each 
 case. 
 
 “ § 3. Such examinations shall be in anatomy, physiology, materia 
 medica, pathology, histology, clinical medicine, chemistry, surgery, 
 midwifery and in therapeutics, according to each of the systems of 
 practice represented by the several medical societies of this State. 
 
 “ § 4. The said reports of examinations, and the annexed opinions of 
 the examiners, shall forever be a part of the public records of the said 
 Univei’sity, and the orders of the chancellor addressed to the examiners, 
 together with the action of the regents, in each case, shall accompany 
 the same. 
 
 “ § 5. Any person over twenty-one years of age, of good moral charac- 
 ter and paying not less than thirty-five dollars into the treasury of the 
 University, and on applying to the chancellor for the aforesaid exami- 
 nation, shall receive an order to that effect, addressed to one of the 
 boards of examiners, provided he shall adduce proofs satisfactory to the 
 Chancellor that he or she has a competent knowledge of all the branches 
 of learning taught in the common schools of this State, and of the 
 
 * Session Laws 1872, chapter 74G. 
 
 t) ‘ ' *7 
 
4 
 
 Latin language, and that he has diligently studied medicine not less 
 than three years, under the direction of one or more physicians duly 
 qualified to practice medicine, or has himself been licensed, on exami- 
 nation, by some medical society or college legally empowered to issue 
 licenses or degrees in medicine. 
 
 “ § 6. The Eegents of the University, on receiving the aforesaid reports 
 of the examiners, and on finding that not less than five members of a 
 board have voted in favor of a candidate, shall issue to him or her a 
 diploma, conferring the degree of Doctor of Medicine of the University 
 of the State of New York, which degree shall be a license to practice 
 physic and surgery. 
 
 “ § 7. The candidate, on receiving said diploma, shall pay to the Uni- 
 versity the further sum of not less than ten dollars. 
 
 “ § 8. The moneys paid to the University, as aforesaid, shall be appro- 
 priated by the Regents for the expenses of executing the provisions of 
 this act. 
 
 “ § 9. The Regents may establish such rules and regulations, from 
 time to time, as they may deem necessary to insure the faithful execu- 
 tion of the. provisions of this act. 
 
 10. This act shall take effect immediately.’’ 
 
 II. 
 
 Rules and Regulations for the Government of the 
 
 Board. 
 
 The Board of Regents have prescribed the manner in which the law 
 shall be carried into effect, by adopting and publishing the following 
 schema of rules and regulations for the goverment of State Boards of 
 Medical Examiners : 
 
 Rules Regulatioi^s Established by the Regents of the 
 
 Univeksity. 
 
 1. Any person wishing to be examined as authorized by the fifth 
 section of the act referred to, after he shall have made the payment 
 required in said section, shall apply in writing to the Chancellor for 
 such examination, and shall also present to him in writing the pre- 
 liminary proofs as to age, character, attainments and professional 
 studies required by the said act. 
 
 2. If the proofs thus presented be satisfactory to the Chancellor, he 
 shall give his certificate thereof in writing, to be filed with such proof 
 in the office of the Regents, and grant an order addressed to any Board 
 of Examiners appointed under the said act, authorizing such board to 
 examine such candidate as required by the said act and these rules 
 and to furnish to the Regents of the University, in writing, a full 
 
5 
 
 report of such examination and the opinions of the examiners, within 
 such time, to be named in said order, not exceeding three months from 
 the date thereof, as he may deem to be reasonable, which time may be 
 extended by the Chancellor on satisfactory cause being shown to him. 
 
 3. The chairman of the l^oard of Examiners shall convene the 
 board within thirty days after receiving the said order, giving, at least, 
 ten days notice in writing to its members, and also to the president of 
 each of the State Medical Societies of this State, of the time and place 
 of meeting, and of the name of the candidate or candidates to be 
 examined. 
 
 4-. The said board may, from time to time, make such rules in writ- 
 ing, as to the attendance of its members and for its own conduct and 
 government, as it may deem proper; a copy of which rules shall be 
 filed with the Secretary of the University, and all such rules shall be 
 subject to repeal, alteration or amendment by the Kegents. 
 
 5. The examination of every candidate shall be open to the mem- 
 bers of the medical profession, wherever resident, and to the Regents 
 of the University. It shall be conducted by examination papers, to 
 be furnished by the Regents to the chairman of the Board of Exam- 
 iners in sealed envelopes, in sets of not more than five questions in 
 each envelope. At the commencement of the examination, the chair- 
 man of the board shall deliver one of said envelopes, so sealed, to each 
 member of the board present and to each candidate, and shall there- 
 upon fix and declare the time to be allowed in which to answer that 
 set of questions. The questions shall be the same for all the candi- 
 dates at the same examination. 
 
 The answers shall be in writing in the following form : 
 
 Answer of A. B. to the Questions Hereto Annexed. 
 
 To the first question he says, ■, and so on through all the 
 
 questions. 
 
 Wlien the candidate shall have completed his answers to all the 
 questions, or the time fixed by the chairman shall have expired, he 
 shall sign his name to the answers and annex thereto the questions, 
 and deliver the same to the chairman, and so on with other sets of 
 questions until the whole examination be completed. 
 
 The examiners may also examine the candidates by oral questions 
 after the paper examination is concluded : but each oral question shall 
 be correctly written down at the time, before it is answered, and the 
 answer thereto shall also be immediately written down, and such oral 
 examination, as well as the paper examination, shall make part of the 
 report to the Regents. 
 
 Xo candidate shall, during the time devoted to his examination on 
 any one set of questions, consult any person, book or paper, or leave 
 the room in which said examination is conducted. 
 
6 
 
 6. Every member of a Board of Examiners shall, within twenty days 
 after the issuing of the order provided for in the second of these rales, 
 send to the Kegents of the University (addressed to the Secretary) at 
 least fifty written questions proper to be put to the candidates, to be 
 classified in any way he may deem proper. From said questions, and 
 others to be proposed by the Kegents or other persons, the Kegents 
 shall select the questions to be put to the candidates as aforesaid. 
 
 7. Any candidate who shall be commended for distinguished merit 
 in the report of the Examining Board, and who shall also present to 
 the Kegents a dissertation on some medical topic, written in either 
 Latin or English, may, if the Regents so direct, receive special notice 
 of such merit at the University Convocation next succeeding his 
 examination. 
 
 8. The degree of “ Doctor of Medicine of the University of the State 
 of New York,” which may be granted in conformity to the said act, 
 will be conferred in form, either at a meeting of the Kegents, or at the 
 then next University Convocation. 
 
 9. The Secretary of the Kegents is hereby authorized, out of the 
 moneys which may be received from candidates, pursuant to the fifth 
 and seventh sections of the said act, to pay in the first place all proper 
 incidental expenses attending the examinations and proceedings afore- 
 said, to be audited by him, and then the actual traveling expenses of 
 the examiners, or such part thereof as the fund may warrant, to be 
 audited in like manner. 
 
 10. Any vacancy which may occur in any Board of Examiners, 
 when the Kegents are not in session, may be filled by the Chancellor 
 by an appointment, to continue in foree until the next meeting of the 
 Kegents. 
 
 11. The Secretary of the Kegents is directed to communicate a copy 
 of these rules and regulations to the president of each of the State 
 Medical Societies and Medical Colleges in the State. 
 
 III. 
 
 Explanatory Statement. 
 
 Several points in this law deserve the especial attention of the 
 medical profession : 
 
 First. As regards the candidate for the degree of doctor of medicine 
 The law requires proof of a specified educational qualification, before 
 the question of an examination by the Board of Medical Examiners 
 can be entertained. The Chancellor must be satisfied that the candi- 
 date has a competent knowledge of all the branches of learning taught 
 in the common schools of this State, and of the Latin language. 
 
7 
 
 This is in addition to the qualification hitherto required, of a speci- 
 fied term of medical study ; and it is an indispensable first-step towards 
 a higher grade of medical education, the necessity of which is deeply 
 felt by the profession and the public. 
 
 Second. The mode of examination. The method prescribed by the 
 rules established by the Board of Kegents will secure an impartial ex- 
 amination. It is required to be, in all respects, a written examina- 
 tion ; even the oral portion, should there be such, becoming a part of 
 the record. The entire record, consisting of the questions and the 
 replies of the candidates, together with written opinions upon these 
 replies by the several examiners, is to be lodged in the archives of the 
 Board of Regents, subject, for all time, to public inspection. 
 
 Tlie examinations are always to be open to the observation of the 
 profession ; and notice of the time and place of holding them, and of 
 the names of the candidates is required to be sent to the President of 
 each State Medical Society, whose critical supervision and scrutiny, in 
 behalf of his constituents, is thus virtually invited. 
 
 From a consideration of these facts, it would appear that a regard 
 for their own reputation, no less than a sense of the dignity and re- 
 sponsibility of their position, must constrain the examiners to subject 
 eandidates to a comprehensive test of their acquirements in medicine 
 and surgery. 
 
 Third. As regards therapeutics. The most striking peculiarity of 
 this examination is the fact that it must embrace all the varieties of 
 therapeutics^ represented by the Medical Societies of the State of New 
 York. The candidate, therefore, must be examined in the materia med- 
 ica and the institutes and practice of the allopathic, the homoeopathic 
 and the eclectic schools of medicine. And, inasmuch as the questions 
 and answers, and the opinions of the examiners upon the answers, are 
 matter of public record, and are subject, like the examinations, to the 
 scrutiny, criticism and protest of the profession at large, it should fol- 
 low that the examinations must be honest and thorough in each 
 branch of therapeutics. They must be based on a comprehensive and 
 minute knowledge of the subject on the part of the examiner, and must 
 exhibit such an accurate familiarity with it, on the part of the candi- 
 date, as would satisfy the representatives of the respective medical 
 societies. 
 
 This catholic feature of the medical examinations provided by the 
 new law, not only requires a wider scope of practical knowledge than 
 has been hitherto demanded of candidates for the degree of doctor of 
 medicine, but, by compelling a parity of acquirements in therapeutics 
 on the part of the candidates for the degree, it opens the only possible 
 avenue for the future reunion of the several schools into which the 
 profession is divided. 
 
8 
 
 Fourth, The sources whence the candidate may obtain medical 
 knowledge. In the same liberal spirit the law omits all requisitions as 
 to lioio or where the candidate shall have received his medical educa- 
 tion. It requires at least three years of study under a duly qualified 
 physician ; bufc, for the rest, it leaves the student free to gain his 
 knowledge as he may elect, whether under private tuition, or in medi- 
 cal colleges or hospitals, or by a combination of these methods. The 
 law makes no distinction based on the sources of his knowledge ; but 
 simply stipulates that the candidate shall demonstrate, by sustaining 
 a just and impartial examination, the fact that he possesses the requi- 
 site knowledge for obtaining a degree. 
 
 Fifth. The value of the State degree. It would seem that, when 
 the scope and effect of this law shall be understood by the profession, 
 the degree of doctor of medicine authorized by it, conferred directly 
 by the State, on recommendation of a State Board of Examiners, after 
 an examination such as has been described, must come to possess a 
 value far higher than attaches to any diploma hitherto issued in 
 this country. 
 
 Sixth. Kegarding annual prizes to be given those who evince supe- 
 rior merit. In support of the law. Dr. Gray has established three 
 annual prizes in perpetuity, to be distributed by the Chancellor of the 
 State University at the annual convocation, held in the month of July 
 or August, at the Capitol, in the city of Albany. These prizes are in 
 money, and are to reward superior merit in studies, in linguistics, and 
 perseverence in studies under pecuniary difficulties.* 
 
 Seventh. Regarding the time and place for holding the examina- 
 tions. The stated examinations will be held semi-annually in the 
 city of New York, in the second weeks of December and June respec- 
 tively. Those candidates who have received an order from the Chan- 
 cellor, in compliance with the fifth section of the law,f and with the 
 first rule adopted by the Board of Regents,]; will receive due notifica- 
 tion of the precise time and place of holding the examinations. 
 
 lY. 
 
 Extracts from the Proceedings of Meetings of the State 
 Homoeopathic Medical Society, Relating to the 
 State Board of Medical Examiners. 
 
 Extracts from the proceedings of the semi-annual meeting, held in 
 the city of Brooklyn, September, 1873 : 
 
 Dr. John F. Gray, Chairman of the Bureau of Medical Education, pre- 
 sented the following report concerning the State Board of Examination: 
 In behalf of the bureau, I have great pleasure in presenting the sub- 
 joined “rules and regulations ”§ for the conduct of examinations for 
 
 * Page 10. + Page 3, section 5. $ Page 4, rule 1. § Chapter II, page 4. 
 
9 
 
 the new degree of medicincB doctor, enacted by the Regents of the State 
 university since the last meeting of this society. 
 
 It will be found, on a cursory view of this action of the Board of 
 Regents, that the members of that body have bestowed great attention 
 upon the law instituting this degree, and have most diligently pro- 
 vided rules to secure a full and equitable execution of all its provis- 
 ioDS, on the part of the Chancellor of the University and of the board 
 of examiners. 
 
 The undersigned cannot see how, under these excellent rules, any 
 favor can be shown an unworthy candidate, nor any injustice done 
 towards one diligent and well prepared for his examination. 
 
 The Regents require : 
 
 First. That the Chancellor shall see that every candidate have a 
 good common school-training, and some proficiency in reading Latin. 
 
 Second. That the candidate shall write down extemporaneous 
 answers to not less than five questions in each of the nine grand depart- 
 ments named in the law ; making a continuous essay, in fact, upon not 
 less than forty-five topics, without aid from books or any kind of 
 prompting. 
 
 Third. That the examiners shall not know, till the candidate is 
 before them, which of their four hundred and fifty questions have been 
 elected for the trial of the candidate’s merits in any instance. To 
 secure this important feature, the Regents make use of the sealed pack- 
 ages of questions in medicine, in form and all other conditions, like 
 those adopted by them in the examination of the pupils of acade- 
 mies throughout the State. 
 
 Fourth. That in therapeutics, the candidate shall exhibit a syste- 
 matic knowledge of homoeopathy, allopathy and eclecticism; and do this 
 with impartial rigor and fullness throughout each method of practice. 
 
 It is thus quite evident, that this University diploma is not only to 
 be unimpeachable testimony, in every case, but also be irrefrag- 
 able proof, that all the extant modes and means of the art of healing 
 have been amply studied by its recipient. 
 
 It appears to the undersigned quite just and proper for this State 
 Medical Society to signify its entire approval of the measures adopted 
 by the board of regents in organizing a court of medical examina- 
 tions, and that with so much promptitude and admirable skill. The 
 society asked for the law earnestly, the government enacted it in the 
 very terms proposed, and the university has faithfully executed its pro- 
 visions; let us not be tardy in acknowledging our great debt to both. 
 
 In contemplating the possible results of the measure now under 
 your notice, we cannot fail to see that it may, at no distant day, be con- 
 
10 
 
 verted by a single paragraph of law, into the German Staats exa 7 nen, 
 and thus become here, as it lias long been in the Teutonic lands, a pro- 
 tection for the people, and an inestimable means of advancement for 
 the profession. As it is now, without any such aid from the govern- 
 ment, your board of examiners enables you to establish an entirely 
 unobjectionable system of medical tuition, at far less waste of time 
 and of money to the pupil. It opens a fair field of honorable compe- 
 tition for teachers which cannot be shut up again by class legislation ; 
 a field in which only meritorious power to impart true science and art 
 can possibly be in demand. 
 
 A school of demonstration in anatomy, chemistry, histology, surgery 
 botany and microscopy consisting of three teachers, can do all for the 
 students that they need outside of their books. Such a school will need 
 no pulpit for oratorical display. Its business and its glory will be the 
 the better imparting of knowledge by demonstrations. The demand for 
 such instruction, created by your new degree, with its fair and faultless 
 public and recorded examinations, must in time create the supply, in 
 the form of a cheap and efficient voluntary association of teachers. 
 
 Dr. Gray offered the following resolution, which was unanimously 
 adopted : 
 
 Resolved, That the approval and thanks of the Society be tendered 
 to the Kegents of the University of the State, for each of their acts and 
 rulings in the establishment of the first board of examiners under the law 
 of 1872, relating to examinations for the degree of doctor of medicine. 
 
 Extracts from the proceedings of the annual meeting, held in the 
 city of Albany, February, 1874 : 
 
 Dr. Gray. — I have great pleasure in giving notice to the State Society 
 that since the appointment of the first board of examiners in medicine 
 by the Kegents of the State University, I find myself able to set apart a 
 fund of four thousand dollars for the encouragement of meritorious 
 candidates who shall take the degree of doctor of medicine on the 
 rigorous, but highly just and honorable conditions prescribed by the 
 Regents pursuant to the law passed May 16th, 1872. The fund will be 
 lodged in the Treasury of the University, in trust forever, and the 
 interest accumulations are to be distributed by the Chancellor of the 
 University annually, as follows: 
 
 1. One-fifth, to the candidate who shall receive the highest com- 
 mendation from the first boara of state examiners for proficiency in 
 therapeutics and physiology. 
 
11 
 
 2. A like Slim to the best candidate among those wlio have sup- 
 ported themselves by their own pecuniary exertions. 
 
 3. A like sum to the candidate who shall, in addition to sustaining 
 the examination by said board, give proofs of highest proficiency in 
 the German language (as an acquired tongue). 
 
 4. A like sum, to the candidate of any medical college in this State 
 wlio, in tlie judgmert of said board of medical examiners, shall have 
 best sustained the paper examination furnished by the Regents of the 
 University for the purpose to tlie faculty or faculties of such colleges. 
 [This prize to cease at my death ; and the accumulations thereafter to 
 be divided by the remaining number of prizes.] 
 
 5. And one-fifth to the physician, already licensed according to law, 
 who shall take this degree with the highest commendation amongst this 
 class of candidates. 
 
 It is provided by me, that the fund reverts to my estate, in case the 
 mode of examination, as now established by the law aforesaid, and by 
 the rules and regulations of the University of the State, be, in any 
 degree, repealed or modified by the government of the state or by the 
 Regents of said University. 
 
 Dr. Watson. — I move that the thanks of the Society be tendered to 
 Dr. Gray for his very liberal bequest. 
 
 Motion unanimously adopted. 
 
 V. 
 
 List of Written Questions Presented to the Candidates 
 at the Examination in June, 1874. 
 
 ANATOMY. 
 
 1. Describe the hip-joint. 
 
 2. Describe the muscular apparatus of the eye. 
 
 3. Describe the valves of the heart. 
 
 4. Describe the minute anatomy of the lungs. 
 
 5. What changes occur in the structure of the os femoris from in- 
 fancy to old age? 
 
 PHYSIOLOGY. 
 
 1. How would you distinguisli a secretion from an excretion physio- 
 logically ? 
 
 2. Define function, and illustrate it. 
 
 3. State some of the conditions which modify the amount of urine 
 formed daily. 
 
 4. Is urea formed as such in the blood, or is it a functional product of 
 the kidneys ? 
 
12 
 
 5. What is the foochsource of urea, and to how many kinds of work 
 can it be ascribed ? 
 
 HISTOLOGY. 
 
 1. Define a cell. 
 
 2. What is “budding,” or germination ? 
 
 3. What is “ germinal matter ? ” 
 
 4. What movements may be observed in cells ? 
 
 5. What are the effects of temperature upon the cells? 
 
 CHEMISTRY. 
 
 1. What element is most abundant ? State its properties and vary- 
 ing forms. 
 
 2. Is the air a chemical compound or a mixture ? Grive proofs. 
 
 3. What are nitrates and nitrites? 
 
 4. What are the prominent tests for arsenic? 
 
 5. What are the chemical changes in respiration ? 
 
 PATHOLOGY. 
 
 1. What is the distinction between physiology and pathology ? 
 
 2. Define the terms Epidemic, Endemic, Sporadic and Zymotic. 
 
 3. Define the terms Diagnosis and Prognosis, and illustrate by an 
 example taken from any department of special pathology. 
 
 4. Name and describe some of the organic lesions, morbid products, 
 and structural changes which occur in benign or curable diseases. 
 
 5. What is a contagion ? How many are known, and how do you 
 classify them ? 
 
 DIAGNOSIS. 
 
 1. Give the differential diagnosis between Bright’s disease and sim- 
 ple albuminuria. 
 
 2. Give the differential diagnosis between typhus fever and typhoid 
 or enteric fever. 
 
 3. How do you distinguish chronic pneumonia from tuberculosis? 
 
 4. How do you distinguish sciatica from disease of the hip-joint? 
 
 5. How do you detect albumen in the urine ? 
 
 SURGERY. 
 
 1. What methods of local treatment may be used with advantage in 
 cases of sub-acute or chronic cystitis ? 
 
 2. Give the prognosis and treatment of dislocation of the sternal end 
 of the clavicle. 
 
 3. What are the primary, secondary, and tertiary forms of syphilis ? 
 
 4. Give the differential diagnosis between compression and concus- 
 sion of the brain. 
 
 5. Give the diagnosis and treatment of hip disease. 
 
 OBSTETRICS. 
 
 1. Describe the changes which occur in the uterus during preg- 
 nancy ; the formation of the foetus and its appendages. 
 
 2. Decribe the foetal circulation, and state how it differs from that 
 of extra-uterine life. 
 
 3. Suppose that, during labor, a sudden and entire suspension of 
 vigorous labor pains, witli syncope, should occur, what would be the 
 probable cause, and how would you treat such a case ? 
 
13 
 
 4. AVhiit are the symptoms of puerperal peritonitis ; what is the best 
 allopathic treatment, and what the homoeopathic? 
 
 5. Give the pathology, diagnosis, and treatment of uterine hydatids. 
 
 HOMOEOPATHIC MATERIA MEDICA. 
 
 1. Describe in a general way the methods of preparing homoeo- 
 pathic medicines; state the terms used to designate the various prepara- 
 tions of a drug, and define the two scales according to which, chiodly, 
 homoeopathic medicines are prepared. 
 
 2. Describe the action of Phosphorus on the respiratory organs and 
 functions of the healthy human subject; and compare it with that of 
 Antimonium tartaricum and that of Arsenicum. 
 
 3. Give the indications for Camphor in a case of Asiatic cholera, as 
 they are accepted by Homoeopathic physicians. 
 
 4. State the indications for Nitric acid in diseases of the kidneys 
 and of the rectum respectively. 
 
 5. State the mental and moral symptoms procured by Stra- 
 monium in the healthy human subject. 
 
 ALLOPATHIC MATERIA MEDICA. 
 
 1. AAdiat are the properties of Potassa or Potash as a therapeutic 
 agent when uncombined or simply dissolved ? 
 
 2. Mention some of the salts of Potash which are used in medicine, 
 and what chemical and physiological qualities they possess in com- 
 mon. 
 
 3. Mention some of the prominent Diuretics upon which most de- 
 pendence is placed in the treatment of dropsy. 
 
 4. What are the physiological effects of Tartar emetic upon the 
 pulse, muscular system, and the secretions generally ? 
 
 5. What are the effects produced by the local application of Tartar 
 emetic to the skin, and for what purpose is it so used ? 
 
 ECLECTIC MATERIA MEDICA. 
 
 1. State some of the classifications of remedies adopted in the Eclec- 
 tic Materia Medica and give the names of some remedies belonging to 
 the classes named. 
 
 2. State the general rule which is laid down in Eclectic medical 
 works for the determination of the doses of drugs. 
 
 3. Deseribe the physiological properties of Veratrum viride and the 
 indications for its use in treating diseases according to Eclectic thera- 
 peutics. 
 
 4. What are the teachings of Eclectic authors respecting the various 
 preparations of Mercury and Arsenic, and their use in the treatment 
 of disease ? Cite authorities. 
 
 5. Describe the properties and uses of Lobelia inflata according to 
 the teachings and practice of Eclectic physicians. 
 
 IIOMCEOPATinC THERAPEUTICS. 
 
 1. In prescribing for a patient, how does the Homoeopathic physician, 
 acting according to Hahnemann’s directions, derive his indications for 
 the remedy to be administered ? 
 
 2. Do Homoeopathic physicians, in making up the totality of symp- 
 toms ” include the pathological histology of the case ? If so, give 
 examples. 
 
14 
 
 3. What do Homoeopathic physicians mean by ‘‘ individualizing ' 
 cases ; and on what ground do they deprecate prescribing on the no- 
 sological designation of a case. 
 
 4. What is meant by the pathology of a disease ; and how do 
 Homoeopathic physicians make use of pathology in treating the sick ? 
 
 5. What were Hahnemann’s teachings with regard to predispositions 
 to disease ; and witli regard to chronic diseases generally ? 
 
 ALLOPATHIC THERAPEUTICS. 
 
 1. What two general departments of knowledge constitute the 
 science of Therapeutics ? 
 
 2. How do we arrive at our knowledge of the curative effects of 
 drugs ? 
 
 3. What do you understand by “crises” in disease? 
 
 4. By what power or agency are crises originated and carried on ? 
 
 5. In those morbid affections of the animal body which have no 
 tendency to crisis, as, for instance, the various forms of neuralgia, 
 wdiat are our guides to treatment ? 
 
 ECLECTIC THERAPEUTICS. 
 
 1. State the theory of “ Specific Medication,” according to the 
 teachings of the Eclectic school. 
 
 2. What is meant by “ Specific Medication,” as distinguished from 
 “ Specific Medicines,” according to the teachings of the Eclectic school ? 
 
 3. What is meant by “ Specific Diagnosis ” as the term is used by 
 Eclectic authors ? Give illustrations. 
 
 4. Describe the method employed by physicians of the Eclectic 
 school in examining a patient and determining the prescription. 
 
 5. Suppose and describe a moderately severe case of gastro-enteritis, 
 and describe the Electic method of examining the patient; direct the 
 regimen, and make a prescription according to Eclectic rules. 
 
 CLINICAL MEDICINE. 
 
 1. ETame some remedies that have been given for the cure or relief 
 of Intermittent Fever, and state the special indications for the use of 
 one or more of them. 
 
 2. What are the symptoms that characterize Diphtheria ? 
 
 3. What are the symptoms of Pneumonia, and the pathological con- 
 ditions in its different stages ? 
 
 4. AVhat are the symptoms, pathological condition, and probable 
 duration of Cancer of the Stomach ? 
 
 5. What are the symptoms, cause, and treatment of Variola? 
 
INDEX. 
 
 PAGE. 
 
 ' Officers of the Board of Regents of the University of the State of 
 
 New York 2 
 
 List of members of the First Board of State Medical Examiners, 
 
 appointed November 12, 1872 2 
 
 I. The law authorizing the appointment of State Boards of Medical 
 
 Examiners 3 
 
 II. Rules and regulations for the government of the Board, prescribed by 
 
 the Regents of the University 4 
 
 III. Statement explanatory of the objects and purposes designed to be 
 
 accomplished by the Board 6 
 
 First. Regarding the candidate 6 
 
 Second. The mode of examination 7 
 
 Third. Therapeutics .... 7 
 
 Fourth. The sources whence the candidate may obtain medical 
 
 knowledge 8 
 
 Fifth. The value of the State degree 8 
 
 Sixth. Annual prizes to be given those who evince superior merit ... 8 
 
 Seventh. Time and place for holding the examinations 8 
 
 lY. Extracts from the proceedings of meetings of the State Homoeopathic 
 
 Medical Society relating to the State Board of Examiners 8 
 
 Y. List of written questions presented to the candidates at the examina- 
 tion held in June, 1874 11