Digitized by the Internet Archive in 2015 https://archive.org/details/booksforreferenc02free BIRMINGHAM REFERENCE LIBRARY , It , , .. LECTURES. .of III. Library UNTO. Q. THE GREEK AND LATIN CLASSICS, BY THE REV. A. R. VARDY, M. A. Head Master of King Edward’s School, m LIBRARY OF THE FEB * 3 1950 yjl«VS!>T4T¥ OF '• 1 LONDON Simpkin, Marshall and Co; BIRMINGHAM & LEICESTER Midland Educational C -mpanv, Limited. THE FOLLOWING LECTURES OF THIS SERIES HAVE BEEN PUBLISHED No. l.-ON BOOKS ON LAW AND JURISPRUDENCE. By Councillor G. J. Johnson. No. 2. -THE GREEK AND LATIN CLASSICS. By the Rev. A. R. Vardy, M.A. No. 3— ON BOOKS ON LEGAL AND CONSTITUTIONAL HISTORY. By Councillor G. J. Johnson. No, 4.— BOOKS ON SHAKESPEARE. By Sam: Timmins, Esq., F.S.A. No. 5.-ON BOTANICAL BOOKS IN THE REFERENCE LIBRARY. By Professor W. Hillhouse, M.A. No. 6. — ON “SOME ART BOOKS” IN THE REFERENCE LIBRARY. By Alderman W. Kenrick. THE FOLLOWING IS IN COURSE OF PUBLICATION : No . 7.-ON BOTANICAL BOOKS OF THE NINETEENTH CENTURY. By Professor W. Hillhouse, M.A. Pi ice One Penny each , Large Paper Edition 6d. ; may be had at the Booksellers , and at the Free Library. Each of these Lectures contains a Catalogue of the Books in the Reference Library on the Subject of which they treat. \)< a • Birmingham Reference Library Lectures. ■gto. 2. THE GREEK AND LATIN CLASSICS. - \ The agreeable task which the Committee of the Birmingham Free Libraries have entrusted to me is to effect an introduction — if an introduction is needed — between the present audience ' .gnd the great authors of Greece and Rome, represented by their works on the shelves of the Reference Library, to tell ' % you something of the nature and contents of those works, and to offer advice and guidance to any among you who desire to become better acquainted with them. I am perhaps addressing some who are already classical scholars in the ordinary acceptation of the term. To such ; shall have little or nothing to say that will be new to them ; such few hints as I have to give I will proceed to give at once, in order that I may not have to turn aside afterwar from the larger branch of my subject. / The chief advantages which this department /of the ^ree , x Libraries offers to the student who has passed through a \ school or university training in Latin and Greek, are (i) 4 facility of reference, such as is offered in the case of Greek by the compact edition of Didot, and in Latin by the Delphin series or the Nisard collection ; (2) the provision of all needful manuals of classical bibliography, from Harwood and Dibdin to Hiibner and Engelmann, and of histories of Greek and Roman literature — the Bibliotheca Graeca and the Bibliotheca Latina of Fabricius, Browne’s Histories of Greek and Roman Literature, the works of Muller and Donaldson, Mure, Mahaffy and Bernhardy (the last in German) ; (3) a large and increasing collection of separate annotated editions of the most important authors. This department of the library includes the works published in the Bibliotheca Classica, (I need say nothing in praise of Conington’s Virgil or Paley’s HSschylus and Euripides,) and a glance at the catalogue will reveal a good many other editions of well-known merit — Grant’s Ethics of Aristotle ; the Rhetoric of Aristotle by Cope and Sandys ; the com- mentary of Robinson Ellis on Catullus ; Cicero’s De Officiis edited by Holden, the De Natura Deorum by Mayor, Watson’s Select Letters, of Cicero ; Paley and Sandys’ Private Orations of Demosthenes ; Wickham’s Odes of Horace; Mayor’s Juvenal; Seeley’s Livy, Book I, with its invaluable introduction ; Persius, edited by Conington and Nettleship ; Fennell’s Pindar; Stallbaum’s Plato; Jebb’s CEdipus Tyrannus of Sophocles ; Latham’s Germania of Tacitus; Arnold’s Thucydides, etc. For those who like to andle — and who does not ? — large paper editions, with nptuous type, there are the Latin texts which issued \ the Baskerville press. Besides editions of Latin and authors there are several standard works which the classical "tudent will find specially useful — Linwood’s Lexicon to Hischylus, Autenneth’s Homeric Dictionary, Prendergast’s Concordance to the Iliad, the Dictionarium lonicum, Mr. 5 Gladstone’s works on Homer, Grote’s Plato, and many others. Finally, in addition to the translations, of very varying degrees of merit, in Mr. Bohn’s series, there are such standard translations as Rawlinson’s Herodotus, Con- ington’s Horace, and Jowett’s Plato. Two suggestions more I would venture to address to the classical scholar. I should like to put in a plea in favour of the old variorum editions, represented here by the Delphin Classics and some other scattered works. One is rather apt, I find, when a classical work is to be con- sulted, to ask what is the latest edition published ; but those who have most to do with such reading will be, I believe, most ready to admit that the recondite notes so laboriously compiled by scholars of the last three centuries are very far from being obsolete, and that we cannot afford to put them aside in favour of the most recent edition hastily prepared for school or college use by some over- wrought tutor or schoolmaster. My other suggestion is this. The ordinary course of classical reading for educa- tional purposes is necessarily confined within a range which, while it includes the greatest authors, excludes many who, for their matter, if not for their style, deserve attention from those who desire to enter into the spirit of the Greek and Roman worlds. Many a graduate in honours at Oxford or Cambridge has never turned over the pages of Plutarch or Epictetus, of the Noctes Atticae or the Historia Naturalis. I have heard of a distinguished scholar who was afraid even to open his Greek Testament lest he should spoil the purity of his Attic Greek. But when such fears as these are no longer before us, when we can read without the imaginary presence of an examiner, it will be, I think, well for us to allow a little more expansion. I hold with Professor Mayor that he is “ in no liberal sense 6 a classical scholar, who does not by degrees make himself acquainted with more than the mere titles of all classical authors,” or who does not in running over a page or two of a lexicon find that “ he can estimate the comparative value of the authors cited, and that he knows approximately their dates and the subjects of which they treat.” 1 For such occasional discursiveness in reading, the collection of the Free Libraries offers to many of us “ fresh woods, and pastures new.” But let me turn from the classical scholar to him who makes no pretension to such a name, who has never learned any Latin or Greek, or whose study of those languages has never led him far enough to become acquainted with their literature. To such a hearer I have, perhaps, in the first place to justify my presence here to-night. He may have been led to think very lightly of Greek and Latin books. He has heard the famous dictum of Mr. Cobden that, to an Englishman of the present day, there is more to be learnt from a single number of the Tunes than from the whole of the historical works of Thucydides. I know that against such a prepossession Professor Conington argues in vain that the very form of Mr. Cobden’s depreciation showed that he could know but little of what he was depreciating, seeing that to talk of the historical “works” of Thucydides, who left only one work, is like talking of the “poem” of Tennyson or Browning. Nor am I at all disposed to take up the position that without a knowledge of these dead languages or their literatures there can be no real literary culture. If a man must choose either Shakspeare and Milton, or Homer and Horace, I give my vote with- 1 Bibliographical Clue to Latin Literature, by J. E. B. Mayor. 7 out the slightest hesitation for the English poets; but, on the other hand, if it be a choice between a little knowledge of Homer and Horace and an unprofitable reading of the Times advertisements and racing intelligence, or even of some of our popular novels, then I think there is a good deal to be said in favour of the ancients. Let me run over a few of the arguments which in such a case might be quoted on their side. The study of Greek and Latin is of use indirectly as an instrument of intellectual training, and directly as a means of acquiring knowledge. From the former point of view, on which I do not dwell here, its utility may be defended on the grounds that language being the instrument of all reason, we must, in. order to reason rightly, not only understand correctly the meaning of the terms we use — and to do this it is often necessary to trace their derivation — but must also be familiar with different modes of expressing thought, and must be able to compare and analyse them, and that this faculty appears to be more readily and successfully trained by the study of an ancient than of a modern language. More important, from our present stand- point, are the advantages of an acquaintance with classical literature as a means of acquiring knowledge. The languages in which that literature is preserved, the forms of its composition, the thoughts with which it makes our minds familiar — all conspire to enhance its value. The languages are the most subtle and forcible that the world has ever known, and he who has mastered them will find the study of other languages made easy to him. Greek and Latin are also the parents of several of the living languages of Europe, and have largely enriched the vocabulary of all European speech. We English-speaking people owe to them many of the terms, not of science only, but of most ordinary 8 use. The Greek and Latin authors have been the models on which almost all subsequent literature has been framed, and the forms which they created or employed may be recognised where any obligation to them would be least expected and is least acknowledged. But more valuable than the language or the literary form are the thoughts which these works present to us, the truths they express, the questions they discuss, the experience they contain. The masterpieces of poetry, philosophy, oratory, history are to be studied here ; we read here the minds of some of the wisest of mankind ; we are lifted above the low level of our daily life ; the intellectual standard is raised, the taste is purified, the judgment is corrected and matured. In every way those ages have left their mark on all that have succeeded them. We cannot destroy our relationship to them were we ever so anxious to do so. The history of Greek and Roman civilisation is the history of our own. What we have received from those past times is an inheritance which it would be foolish to disregard — foolish not to turn to the utmost account. So far, I have been speaking of Greek and Latin together, but, for the sake of clearness, it may be well be well to make a distinction between them. The distinctive features of the ancient Greek character, features impressed upon every page of their literature, were (i) their intellectual energy, which made them the first systematic thinkers, and has made their thoughts fruitful in the world ever since they were first uttered; (2) their inventive faculty, creating new types of expression in archi- tecture, in sculpture, in literature, according as each type was needed ; and (3) their sense of form and fitness and proportion, revealed in their books no less than in their statues or buildings, leading them to a delicate perception 9 and appreciation of literary style, enabling them to feel and to express subtle distinctions and shades of meaning. In this last respect Greek presents a clearness, wakefulness and flexibility, which are quite unequalled in any human speech of later times. It is the presence — the inspiring, shaping, refining influence — - of these characteristics of the Greek mind, that has given to their literature such a power and value, and must continue to make it an important factor in the education of humanity. “We have not done,” says a recent writer, “with the Greeks yet. In spite of all the labour spent, and all the books written on them and their literature, we have not yet entered into the full possession of the inheritance bequeathed to us It is not likely that the great authors of Greece will ever become, like the Hebrew Scriptures, a text-book of daily life. . . . But they may do a great deal more for us than they have hitherto done, if we will allow them. The Gorgias of Plato and the Ethics of Aristotle are more valuable than modern books on the same subjects, for the simple reason that they are nearer the beginning. They have a greater freshness, and appeal more directly to the growing mind. No age can neglect them without suffering a definite and appreciable loss, least of all the present age, for the study of the writings and the contemplation of the lives of men who sought after knowledge as after hidden treasure, who observed the facts of the world around them with calm judgment, and built thereon their own lofty theories of what human life might and ought to be— ‘ serene creators of immortal things,’ — become more and more valuable as the course of history tends to put things material IO and practical in the place of things intellectual.” 2 When we thus place before ourselves the originality and native force, as well as the power and beauty, of the poetry, the history, the oratory and the philosophy of the Greeks, we are at first perhaps disposed to think that, in comparison with them, the Roman writers have been over- rated, that Cicero and Horace and Virgil have had more than their due of admiration. There is no question that Roman literature is, with the single exception of satire, imitative, that it is often no more than an echo of the Greek. The Greeks were the intellectual conquerors, the Romans received from Greece a culture which they could not have originated. This disparagement, however, is not peculiar to Roman literature, but attaches to almost all the literature of modern Europe. Even in Shakspeare a classical element is perceptible enough. The form of his plays is determined by classical models; the poetic treatment and ornament are often traceable ultimately to classical authorities; the subject is sometimes drawn directly from classical sources. If this is true of Shakspeare, it is much more true of Milton and Pope, of Addison and Johnson. We have, indeed, imitated the Greeks less closely than the Romans did, for the simple reason that Roman models have also been before us for imitation. The stream which flows from the Greek fountain head may be said to have flowed till recent times through Roman channels, for the study of Greek is not more than three centuries old in Western Europe and our fathers viewed the great works of Greece through the medium of the Latin writers. “What Greece was to Rome, that Rome has been to modern Europe — the great educator, the humaniser of its barbarous conquerors, the mother of intellect, art and civilisation.” • 2 Hellenica, Essays Edited by Evelyn Abbott ; Preface. II Moreover, as the literature of Greece reflects the character of the Greeks, so does the literature of Rome reflect the character of the Romans — of that wonderful empire, so strong, so pervading, so comprehensive in organ- isation, so masterly in administration — the source of law and order in all the nationalities that have sprung from it or have come within its reach. It has been said that a sentence of Latin prose contains a key to the Roman character, for while in Greek we trace the rhythm and grace of the palaestra and the choric dance, a Latin period possesses the directness of a Roman road and the weight and precision of a Roman legion. There is probably no language which comes near to Latin in faultless arrangement and accuracy of composition, no language which so com- pletely satisfies the requirements of critical analysis. There is much truth in what has been lately written — that these two languages and literatures are specially adapted to different periods of national life and thought. “ Epochs of upheaval, when thought is rife, progress rapid, and tradition, political or religious, boldly examined, turn, as if by necessity, to ancient Greece for inspiration On the other hand, periods of order, when government is strong and progress restrained, recognise their prototypes in the civilisation of Rome, and their exponents in her literature. .... Thus the two literatures wield alternate influence ; the one on the side of liberty, the other on the side of government ; the one as urging restless move- ment towards the ideal, the other as counselling steady acceptance of the real.” 3 I think I may assume that among the readers in our 8 Cruttwell’s History of Roman Literature, introduction* u. of iu. us. 12 Libraries there are, and will be, many, who, while they feel that they are ignorant of Latin and Greek, and have neither the time nor the energy to set to work and master those languages so far as to read the authors in their original tongues, are yet desirous of gaining some knowledge of those masterpieces of poetry and eloquence which have thus been the models of all subsequent ages. Let not such go away with the thought that their curiosity and their ambi- tion are incapable of being gratified. They will not indeed become classical scholars, but they may easily so direct their reading as to form a popular idea of the liter- ature of Greece and Rome. I should recommend to them, first, the excellent series of little books published under the general title of the Introductions to the Ancient Classics for English Readers. They should read them according to some regular method, taking, for example, first the Greek poets — Homer, Hesiod and Theognis, ^Eschylus, Sophocles, Euripides, Aristophanes, Pindar, and the Greek Anthology ; then the historians, Herodotus, Thucydides and Xenophon ; then Demosthenes, the great orator ; Plato and Aristotle, the philosophers ; and lastly Lucian the satirist. In a similar order the chief Latin writers may be studied — Plautus and Terence, dramatists ; Lucretius, Virgil, Ovid, Catullus, Tibullus and Propertius, Horace and Juvenal, poets ; Livy and Tacitus, historians ; Caesar, soldier and historian ; Cicero ; and the younger Pliny. If the reading of any of these awakens a desire, as I believe it will, to know more about the works there described, those works may be further studied in the translations which the Library contains ; but I would recommend that as far as possible the works of the poets be studied in poetical ver- sions rather than in the somewhat bald and frigid renderings of Mr. Bohn’s series. You would get, for instance, a far i3 truer conception of a Greek play from Browning’s Agamemnon, of Homer from Lord Derby, of Horace from Conington’s two volumes, of Lucretius from Creech, than from prose versions of the same authors. In the case of the prose writers the difficulty is of course much less. Such works as Jowett’s Plato, Rawlinson’s Herodotus, Kennedy’s Demosthenes leave little to be desired. The English reader should also seek to grasp the general course of literary activity in Greece and Italy by going from time to time to those histories of the literatures to which I have already referred ; and in books like the Charicles and the Gallus of Becker, he should make himself acquainted with the outer life, the habits and customs of the Greeks and Romans. Some perhaps may aim higher than this. They desire to get nearer to the thought of these ancient writers, to realise more fully the form of their expression of it, than a translation enables them to do. They have perhaps some slight knowledge of Latin and Greek, half-forgotten lessons of their school days, or the results of private study in maturer years ; and they would like to make use of this knowledge and to increase it. Such readers should take courage from the fact that while there is indeed no royal road to a knowledge of Latin and Greek, yet they may wisely and safely discard some of those circuitous paths by which young scholars are trained in our schools. It will be remembered that I spoke of classical studies as an instrument of education as well as a source of knowledge. The former is the main use of them in school life, where we employ them as a means of cultivating the observation, of forming the taste, of strengthening the memory, of training the judgment. For these purposes the first point on which a teacher insists is a strict 14 enforcement of a knowledge of grammatical inflections and constructions. A second point is the writing of exercises in prose and verse on set subjects, and frequent translation from English into Latin and Greek. A third point is the learning by heart of portions of standard authors. These three points must all be attended to if we desire to train classical scholars , and to get out of our work the maximum of intellectual and literary culture. But a student who in later life desires — for purposes of historical or literary re- search, or of self-culture and intellectual enjoyment, — to gain a knowledge of the Latin and Greek authors themselves, is quite justified in pushing on more rapidly and spending as little time as possible on the gymnastics of the study. If he has already mastered a foreign language — especially an inflected language, like German — he will And no great difficulty in mastering a second or a third. Even without this advantage I have known a boy of twelve from a Public Elementary School able to make out a page of Caesar in a few months, and that though much of his time was occupied with other studies. I have known a young lady read Euripides, with the help of a dictionary only, within three months of her first acquaintance with the Greek alphabet ; and every teacher will quote similar instances. Much of course will depend upon having judi- cious advice and guidance at the outset of the study, but such advice is, I venture to hope, not difficult to obtain in days when the spirit of Chaucer’s Clerk of Oxenford is abroad : — “ And gladly wolde he lerne and gladly teche.” I need hardly say that where time and strength can be found for such a study, the reward will more than recom- pense the pains bestowed. We all remember the noble lines in which Keats expressed his feelings on first reading Chapman’s translation of Homer. Many thousands, though *5 not gifted with the poetic sympathy of Keats or his powers of expression, have experienced the like feelings when they first read the Greek Homer, or the last chapters of Plato’s Phaedo, or the Funeral Oration in the second book of Thucydides, or Virgil’s “ Tu regere imperio populos, Romane, memento,” or the letters which unveil the inner life of Cicero. These have been to them the revelation of a new world. It may perhaps be useful to some if I here indicate what authors will, in my judgment, — and, I believe, in the judgment of most classical scholars, — best repay perusal. If you glance down the list of Greek writers in Didot’s series, or that of the Delphin Latin Classics, you will see a multitude of names, from which it is evident a selection must be made. Each work has no doubt its merits ; the professed classical student will, as I pointed out before, find in each something to repay him, and ought to know something of each ; but no ordinary reader can attempt to read all. And such a reader may ask — should I take Appian or Aristophanes ? Is Demosthenes or Diodorus to be postponed ? Whom shall I choose for a first reading, and from whom may I forbear ? The classical literature of Greece in its widest sense extends over the period from Homer to Musaeus — a period of 1400 years from B.C. 900 to A.D. 500; but it is only to the early and Attic literature — that is, the literature produced before B.C. 300 — that special value and interest attach. We may narrow our limits still further and say that, with the exception of the Homeric poems and Hesiod, the Greek authors to be selected for a first reading flourished between the Persian Wars (B.C. 490) and the death of Alexander (B.C. 323) — a period, it will be seen, of less than two centuries. It was during this period that the i6 Athenian drama reached its perfection, both in tragedy and comedy, and prose composition in history, philosophy and oratory. The period was coincident with the existence of political freedom in Greece, and after jt closed Greek genius seemed to lose its creative power, and occupied itself only with the imitation of the beautiful forms of an earlier time. The student of Greek poetry should therefore begin with the Iliad and Odyssey, reading at the same time in Mure’s History of Greek Literature a discussion of the questions relating to the Homeric poems. In an extended course Hesiod (about 700 B.C.) — who may be studied in Mr. Paley’s edition — should come next. He throws much light on early Greek life, but does not take a foremost place as a poet. Then should come the three great writers of Greek tragedy — Htschylus, Sophocles and Euripides, — each, in a different way, a master in his art, AEschylus by his force and spirit, Sophocles by his grace, Euripides by his humanity. Few however will read all the plays of each. The Agamemnon of H^schylus, the Antigone of Sophocles, the Medea of Euripides, might be selected as characteristic works. Pindar is a difficult author for all but advanced scholars. His daring flights and rapid changes and varied allusions make the sense hard to follow, nor can we even conjecture what must have been the artistic beauty and effect of his odes when accompanied by the music, and sung at the festivals, for which they were composed. The great writer of Athenian comedy, Aristophanes, should be carefully studied. As a satirist he wields a lash as stinging as that of Juvenal, as a poet he charms by the sweetness of his lyric passages, and no other writer will so well enable you to realise the every-day life of Athens in things great and small. I should recommend for a first reading the Knights and the Wasps. I said that the best period i7 of Greek Literature ends with the close of the fourth century B.C., but I must make an exception in favour of one poet of the next century — the Sicilian pastoral poet, Theocritus. “ I envy you,” says Shelley, in one of his letters, “ I envy you the first reading of Theocritus. Were not the Greeks a glorious people? What is there, as Job says of the Leviathan, like unto them ? ” Among the prose-writers of Greece there are two great historians — Herodotus and Thucydides, and one minor historian, Xenophon. Herodotus is often called the Father of History, and was indeed the first “ artist in prose.” The earlier part of his great work traces the rise and growth of the Persian power, and with this are incorporated descriptions of Egypt, Libya, Thrace, Scythia, and other countries ; the second part relates the great war between the East and the West, the Persian invasions of Greece under Darius and Xerxes. As a history his work is defective in many respects. He knows nothing of the science of politics and is silent about constitutional changes ; but as a story-teller he is charming, and the last part of his work, the narrative of the struggle between Asiatic and Greek, reads like a prose poem. The work of Thucydides treats of the causes and history of another great struggle which convulsed the whole Greek world — the war between Athens and the Peloponnese, which broke out B.C. 431, and lasted for twenty-seven years. The narrative however goes no further than B.C. 41 1. Thucydides has been well called “ the prince of historians,” “ the teacher of abstract political wisdom,” and no student of history should be ignorant of the main features and lessons of his work. It is in the following dignified words that he closes his brief preface : — “ The absence of romance in my history will perhaps IS lose it the popular ear. But it will he enough if it is judged useful by those who may desire an accurate knowledge of the past as a clue to that future which, in all human probability, must repeat or resemble the past. It has been composed, not as the exploit of an hour, but as a possession for all time.” The writings of Xenophon are numerous, and comprise the well-known Anabasis, a history of the fortunes of the Greek army which accompanied Cyrus to the battle of Cunaxa ; the Hellenica, a rather dull continuation of the history of Thucydides ; the Memorabilia, or Recollections of Socrates ; the Education of Cyrus ; and some minor treatises. From History we turn to Oratory, and here, though speeches of many Attic orators * have come down to us, those of Demosthenes easily hold the first place. A very good idea of their general characteristics may be obtained from the brilliant essays of Lord Brougham published in the Edinburgh Review , but all who can should read in the original the Speech on the Crown and that against Meidias. To one who wishes to dip into Plato I should recom- mend first the Protagoras, as giving an insight into the Socratic and Platonic methods generally, then the Phaedo — the great discourse on the immortality of the soul — the Phaedrus, and the Republic, or Ideal State ; but there is not a single dialogue which will not well repay perusal. Aristotle, like Bacon, chose for his province all human knowledge as it then was, defining the bounds of each science successively, and describing its functions and its methods. His Rhetoric, Poetry, Ethics and Politics are the works, or rather the parts of his work, (for it forms one continuous whole,) most often read, but some will turn i9 with interest to his contributions to biology and natural history. How wide and lasting an influence the writings of Aristotle have had on all western learning may be illustrated by the fact that all our common terms of mental and moral science — “ faculty,” “ final cause,” “ habit,” “ motive,” and the like — are directly derived from him. It is probably not necessary that I should enter at equal length into an account of the great Latin authors. The golden age of Latin literature was from B.C. 80 to A.D. 14, and the highest excellence in prose was reached during the earlier part of this period by Cicero and Caesar, the highest excellence in verse during the later part by Horace and Virgil. It is noted that the former were men actively engaged in the business of the state and finding in literary composition a relief from the cares of public life, the latter belonged to a literary class, encouraged and supported by the Emperor Augustus and by other wealthy patrons. Two celebrated poets, Lucretius and Catullus, were indeed contemporaries of Cicero; the poems of both show abund- ance of vigour, but they lack the artistic beauty and finish of their successors. Prose on the other hand deteriorated in the Augustan period. It lost its simplicity and directness, and became more poetical and rhetorical. This is true even of Livy, whose style, beautiful as it is, exhibits some of the faults which we afterwards see exag- gerated in the style of Tacitus, the greatest prose-writer of the silver age. The end of the first century of our era produced the greatest Roman writer of Satire, Juvenal. The Latin poets, with the exception of the dramatists, Plautus and Terence, will be found collected in the Corpus Poetarum Latinorum. One or two plays of Plautus should be read ; the Captivi and the Aulularia are perhaps the best. The great poem of Lucretius on the Epicurean 20 philosophy should be studied in Mr. Munro’s invaluable edition. Virgil’s ^Eneid, the adventures of the mythical founder of Rome, his Georgies, a didactic poem on hus- bandry, and his Eclogues, pastoral poems in imitation of Theocritus, are all admirable. In Horace the Odes and Epodes should first be studied ; the Satires and Epistles are pleasant gossip, and throw much light on the every-day life of Rome. But in Satire proper Juvenal has served as a model to all succeeding writers. Of Latin prose-writers the most important are Cicero, Livy and Tacitus. The orations of Cicero are well edited in the Bibliotheca Classica ; of his ethical writings the De Officiis is the most important ; but he who wishes to know Cicero himself, and to place himself in the position of one of the foremost men of Rome in its greatest age, will not overlook the delightful collections of his letters to Atticus and to his other friends. Schoolboys rejoice that out of the hundred and fifty books of which I ivy’s history once consisted (we have an epitome of 142) only thirty entire books and parts of five others have come down to us. The rest are probably for ever lost. The first ten books, containing the early history of the Republic, and the 2 1 st and 22nd books, on the second Punic War, are the most interesting. Tacitus has left in his Annals and Histories (the latter is imperfect) a graphic narrative of the condition of the Roman empire from the death of Augustus to the time of Trajan. The vividness of his portraits of men and descriptions of events has scarcely been exceeded, but the subject is a most painful one, and the reader turns with a sense of relief to his lighter works — the Agricola, a biography of his father-in-law, and the Germania, an account of the several German tribes and their country. I have been brief, but I fear I have also been tedious, 21 in this enumeration of the chief writers of Greece and Rome. A crowd of lesser stars those will soon discover for themselves who will turn their eyes to the Greek and Roman heavens. I have forborne to indulge my own predilections by dwelling on the delights of such a course of reading as I have recommended; but I may perhaps be permitted, in conclusion, to justify my presumption in having kept you so long, and to enforce the value of the Greek and Latin Classics, by a quotation from a writer who bears the honoured name of Coleridge : — “ I am not one whose lot it has been to grow old in literary retirement, devoted to classical studies with an exclusiveness which might lead to an overweening estimate of these two noble languages. Few, I will not say evil, were the days allowed to me for such pursuits ; and I was constrained, still young and an unripe scholar, to forego them for the duties of an active and laborious profession. They are now amusements only, however delightful and improving. Far am I from assuming to understand all their riches, all their beauty, or all their power; yet I can profoundly feel their immeasurable superiority in many im- portant respects to all we call modern; and I would fain think that there are many even among my younger readers who can now, or will hereafter, sympathise with the expression of my ardent admiration. Greek — the shrine of the genius of the old world ; as universal as our race, as individual as ourselves ; of infinite flexibility, of indefatigable strength ; with the complication and the distinctness of nature herself; to which nothing was vulgar, from which nothing was excluded ; speaking to the ear like Italian, speaking to the mind like English; with words like pictures, with words like the gossamer film of the summer ; at once the variety and the picturesqueness of Homer, the gloom and the intensity of yEschylus ; not 22 compressed to the closest by Thucydides, not fathomed to the bottom by Plato, not sounding with all its thunders, nor lit up with all its ardours even under the Promethean touch of Demosthenes ! And Latin — the voice of empire and of war, of law and of the state; inferior to its half- parent and rival in the embodying of passion and in the distinguishing of thought, but equal to it in sustaining the measured march of history, and superior to it in the indignant declamation of moral satire ; stamped with the mark of an imperial and despotizing republic; rigid in its construction, parsimonious in its synonymes ; reluctantly yielding to the flowery yoke of Horace, although opening glimpses of Greek- like spendour in the occasional inspirations of Lucretius ; proved, indeed, to the uttermost by Cicero, and by him found wanting ; yet majestic in its bareness, impressive in its conciseness ; the true language of history, instinct with the spirit of nations, and not with the passions of individuals ; breathing the maxims of the world, and not the tenets of the schools ; one and uniform in its air and spirit, whether touched by the stern and haughty Sallust, by the open and discursive Livy, by the reserved and thoughtful Tacitus. These inestimable advantages, which no modern skill can wholly counterpoise, are known and felt by the scholar alone. He has not failed, in the sweet and silent studies of his youth, to drink deep at those sacred fountains of all that is just and beautiful in human language. The thoughts and the words of the master - spirits of Greece and of Rome are inseparably blended in his memory; a sense of their marvellous harmonies, their exquisite fitness, their consummate polish, has sunken for ever in his heart, and thence throws out light and fragrance upon the gloom and the annoyances of his maturer years. No avocations 2 3 of professional labour will make him abandon their whole- some study ; in the midst of a thousand cares he will find an hour to recur to his boyish lessons — to re-peruse them in the pleasurable consciousness of old associations, and in the clearness of manly judgment, and to apply them to himself and to the world with superior profit. The more extended his sphere of learning in the literature of modern Europe, the more deeply, though the more wisely, will he reverence that of classical antiquity : and in declining age, when the appetite for magazines and reviews, and the ten- times repeated trash of the day, has failed, he will retire, as it were, within a circle of school-fellow friends, and end his secular studies, as he began them, with his Homer, his Horace, and his Shakspeare.” * * Introductions to the study of the Greek Classic Poets, by H. N. Coleridge, pp. 24-26. APPENDIX, A SELECTION OF BOOKS ON THE CLASSICS IN THE REFERENCE LIBRARY. Greek and Latin. Number. No of 53i5i 53150 28440 69295 37006 36465 36464 2037 24712 42331 58112 9842 26705 32733 28294 24669 70045 24670 12261 75001 7456o 24668 53104 9192 68215 37064 35258 32502 333i6 76676 54989 76600 74023 54997 1 1 970 11967 Anthologia Latina, edidit Thackeray Anthologia Graeca, edidit Thackeray Becker (W. A) Charicles ; Private Life of the Ancient Greeks Becker (W. A.) Gallus, or Roman Scenes .. Benard (T.) Dictionnaire Classique Universe] Bernharay (G.) Grundriss der Griechischen Litteratur Botfield (B.) Prefaces to the Greek and Latin Classics Browne (R. W.) History of Greek Classical Literature Browne (R. W.) History of Roman Classical Literature .. Classical Antiquities, Museum of Classical Collector’s Vade Mecum Classical Journal, Vols. 1 to 40, with Index to Vols. 1 to 20 Dibdin (T. F.) Greek and Latin Classics Engelmann und Preuss, Bibliotheca Scriptorum Classicorum Fabricius (J. A.) Bibliotheca Graeca Fabricius (J. A.) Bibliotheca Latina Felton (H.) Dissertation on reading the Classics .. Gladstone (W. E.) Juventus Mundi Harwood (E.) Biographia Classica Harwood (E.) Editions of the Greek and Roman Classics.. Hobhouse (J. C.) Ancient and Modern Classics ; Imitations an Translations Hiibner (E.) Bibliographical Clue to Latin Literature Main waring (E.) Account of Classic Authors Lempriere (J.) Classical Dictionary Merivale (C.) Romans under the Empire Mahaffy (J. P.) Classical Greek Literature Moss (J.) Manual of Classical Bibliography Muller (K. O.) and Donaldson (J. W.) Literature of Ancient Greec Mure (W.) Literature of Ancient Greece. . Nuttall (P. A.) Classical and Archaeological Dictionary .. Patini (H. J. C.) Etudes sur les Tragiques Grecs.. Peter (H.; Lexikon der Geschichte des Altertums Pierron (A.) Histoire de la Litterature Grecque .. Scholt (A.) Klassischen Literatur Seyffert (O.) Lexikon der Klassischen Aitertumskunde Smith (W.) Dictionary of Greek and Roman Antiquities .. Smith (W.) Dictionary of Greek and Roman Biography and Mythology .. .. .. .. .. i^ols . Size. Date I duo 1869 I duo 1877 I duo 1882 I duo 1882 I duo 1878 3 8vo 1876-80 1 4to 1861 1 8vo 1853 1 8 vo 1853 2 8vo 1851 1 duo 1822 4i 8vo 1810-29 1 8vo 1804 2 8vo 1827 1 8vo 1880 6 8vo : 1858-9 1 duo U23 1 duo 1869 2 duo 1778 X duo 1790 1 8vo 1809 1 duo 1875 1 duo 173 7 1 duo N.D. 7 8vo 1864 2 duo 1883 2 8vo 1837 3 8vo ?i8 5 8 5 8vo : 1854-7 1 8 vo 1840 4 duo 1858 1 duo 1882 1 duo 1S69 1 8v 0 1884 1 duo 1882 1 8vo 1878 3 8vo 1876 II. APPENDIX. Number. 1 200 1 No. of . Vols. Size. Date Classics, Ancient, Introductions to, for English Readers, Edited by Collins. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. duo 187T, etc. 1-2. Homer, by Collins. 16. Plautus & Terence, by Collins. 3. Herodotus, by Swayne. 4. Caesar, by Trollope. 5. Virgil, by Collins. 6. Horace, by Martin. 7. /Eschylus, by Bishop of Colombo. 8. Xenophon, by Grant. 9. Cicero, by Collins. 10. Sophocles, by Collins. 11. Pliny, by Church and Brodribb. 12. Euripides, by Donne. 13. Juvenal, by Walford. 14. Aristophanes, by Collins. 15. Hesiod & Theognis, by Davies, 1 7. Tacitus, by Donne. 18. Lucian, by Collins, iq. Plato, by Collins. 20. Greek Anthology, by Neaves. 21. Livy, by Collins. 22. Ovid, by Church. 23. Catullus, Tibullus, and Proper- tius, by Davies 24. Demosthenes, by Brodribb. 25. Aristotle, by Grant 26. Thucydides, by Collins. 27. Lucretius, by Mallock. 28. Pindar, by Morice. Greek Authors. SETS. Bibliotheca Classica. Edited by Long and Macleane. Greek Text, with English Notes by Paley, Blades, etc. .. 8vo 1859, etc. 11802 /Eschylus, Tragoediae. 11807 Demosthenes, Orationes. 2 vols. 11809 Euripides, Tragoediae. 3 vols. 1 18 1 1 Herodotus, Historia Graeca. 2 vols. 11813 Hesiod, Epics. 11814 Homerus, Ilias. 2 vols. 11818 Plato, Phaedrus et Gorgias. 2 vols. 11820 Sophocles, Tragoediae. Vol. 1. Pitt Press Series. Greek Text, with English Notes, by Green, Hutchinson, Hailstone, Pretor, etc. .. .. .. .. duo 1879, etc. 1. Aristophanes, Birds. 2. Aristophanes, Frogs. 3. Euripides, Hercules Furens. 4. Lucianus, Somnium Charon Piscator et De Luctu. 5-9. Xenophon, Anabasis. 5 vois. 10. Xenophon, Agesilaus. Scriptorum Graecorum Bibliotheca. Greek and Latin Text in parallel columns, with Latin Notes. (Didot) .. .. ..23 8vo 1840 1. Appianus, Historia Romanorum. 2. Aristophanes, Comoediae. 3. Aristoteles, Organon, Rhetorice, Poetice, Politica. 4. Arrianus, Anabasis, Reliqua. 5. Demosthenes, Opera. 6-7. Diodorus Siculus, Bibliotheca Historica. 8. Diogenes Laertius, de Vitis clarorum Philosophorum. Olympiodorus, Ammonius, Jamblichus, Porphirius. 9-12. Fragmenta Historicorum Graecorum. Hecataeus, Charon, Xanthus, Hellanicus, Pherecydes, Acusilaus, Antiochus, Philistus, Timaeus, Ephorus, Theopompus, Phylarchus, Clitodemus, Phano- demus, Androtion, etc. 13. Herodotus, Historia. 14-15. Oratores Attici. Antiphon, Andocides, Lysias, Isocrates, Isaeus, Lycurgus, riLschines, Din- archus, etc. 16. Pausanias,. Descriptio Graeciae. 17. Philostratus, Callistratus, Eunapius, etc. 18-19. Plutarchus, Scripta Moralia. 20. Polybius, Historiae. 21. Theophrastus, Marcus Antoninus, Epictetus, Maximus Tj r rius, etc. 22. Thucydides, de. Bello Peloponnesiaco. 23. Xenophon, Institutio et Expeditio Cyri, Historia, Memorabilia, etc. APPENDIX. hi. No. of Number. Vols. size - Date 10241 Weale’s Classical Series. Greek Text, with English Notes, by Leary, Young, Milner, etc. .. .. •• •• •• duo 1878, etc. 1. Greek Delectus. 2-3. Xenophon, Anabasis. Books 1-3, 4-7. 4. Lucian, Select Dialogues. 5-8. Homer, Iliad. 9-12. Homer, Odyssey. 13. Plato, The Apology of Socrates, the Crito and the Phsedo. 14-17. Herodotus. Books 1-9. 18-20. Sophocles, CEdipus Tyrannus, Antigone. 23-26. Euripides, Hecuba, and Medea, Alcestis. 30-32. iEschylus, Prometheus Bound, The Seven against Thebes. 40. Aristophanes, The Acharnians. 41. Thucydides, History of the Peloponnesian War. Book 1. 42. Xenophon, Panegyric on Agesilaus. 43. Demosthenes, On the Crown, and Philippic Orations. Bohn’s Classical Library. Translations : — 1 1571 iEschylus. 11612 Anthology, Greek. 1 1 572 Antoninus (Marcus Aurelius). 11585 Aristophanes, 2 vols. 11587 Aristotle, 7 vols. 1 1 592 Athenaeus, 3 vols. 11576 Demosthenes, 6 vols. 1 1608 Diogenes Laertius. 11609 Epictetus. 1 1610 Euripides, 2 vols. 11613 Heliodorus. 11614 Herodotus, with Analysis and Notes, 3 vols. 11615 Hesiod, Callimachus, and Theognis. 1 1616 Homer, Prose Translation, by Buckley, 2 vols. 11538 Homer, Translated by Pope, 2 vols. 11613 Longus. 11464 Philo Judaeus, 4 vols. 11629 Pindar. 11631 Plato, with Summary, 7 vols. 11649 Sophocles. 11650 Strabo, 2 vols. 11657 Theocritus, Bion, Moschus, and Tyrtaeus. 11578 Thucydides, with Analysis, 3 vols. 11658 Xenophon, 3 vols. MISCELLANEOUS EDITIONS, AND WORKS RELATING TO. iEschines, Oration on the Crown. Translated by G. W. Biddle iEschylus, Agamemnon. Transcribed by Browning iEschylus, Agamemnon. With Translation, etc., by Kennedy iEschylus, Tragedies. Translated by Potter iEschylus, Prometheus Vinctus. Text, with English Notes by Griffiths . . - . . . • • . iEschylus, Prometheus Vinctus. Text, with Latin Notes by Blomfield iEschylus, Septem contra Thebas. Text, with Latin Notes by Blomfield iEschylos, Sieben gegen Thebe. German Translation, by Suvern. . . iEschylus, Lexicon to, by Linwood . . • • Anacreon. Translated by Fawkes. Anderson’s British Poets, vol. 13 ; Chalmers’ Poets, vol. 20 . . Anacreon, Odes of. Translated by Usher Antoninus, Meditations ; Translated with Life, by Graves Antoninus, Thoughts : Translated by Long Apollonius Rhodius, Argonautica ; Text, with Greek Notes by Stephanus Apollonius Rhodius ; Anderson’s British Poets, Vol. 13 ; Chalmers’ Poets, Vol 20 . . . • • • • • • • •/ Appianus, Romanarum Historiarum quae Supersunt : Edidit Schweighaeuser . . 70773 Aristaenetus, Epistolae ; Edidit Boissonade 8844 Aristophanes, Clouds; Text, with English Notes by Mitchell 40374 I3U3 21111 7460 8830 8829 8828 29367 62507 12492 55002 11572 9119 69734 I duo 1881 I duo 1877 T duo 1878 I 8vo 1819 I 8vo 1834 i 8 vo 1839 1 Svo 1824 1 8vo 1797 1 8vo 1843 1 duo 1833 1 duo 1811 1 duo 1877 1 4to 1574 3 8 vo 1785 1 Svo 1822 1 8vo 1838 APPENDIX. N umber. No. of Vols, Size. Date 8839 8843 11585 29839 11590 11587 42393 21080 45528 ii573 59658 11588 11591 21077 62282 5201 26679 40177 42483 8835 5181 40374 21112 6443 8832 8831 7458 59022 8836 36810 43055 4633 4375i 43866 57535 60974 3°9 2 71933 45343 45647 24948 55607 59793 36128 59382 8834 56180 21115 69952 32821 72941 8850 21081 8849 5609 Aristophanes, Comocdiae ; Text, with Latin Notes by Brunck Aristophanes, Comedies Aristophanes, Comedies ; Translated by Hickie .. Aristotle, Ethics of ; Edited by Grant .. .. .. .. Aristotle, Metaphysics ; Edited by Mahon Aristotle, Nicomachean Ethics ; Edited by Browne Aristotle, Nicomachean Ethics ; Moral Philosophy by Hatch Aristotle, Nicomachean Ethics ; Fifth Book, translated by Jackson Aristotle, Nicomachean Ethics ; Translated by Peters Aristotle, Organon ; Edited by Owen Aristotle, Parafrasi di Piccolomini Aristotle, Politics and Economies ; Edited by Walford Aristotle, Rhetoric and Poetic ; Edited by Buckley Aristotle, Rhetoric ; with Commentary, &c., by Cope and Sandys.. Aristotle, Opera Aristotle, Opera ; Ex recensione Bekkeri Aristotle, by Grote ; Edited by Bain and Robinson Aristotle, by Lewes Arrianus, History of Alexander’s Expedition ; Translated with Notes by Rooke Bion et Moschus, Idyllia ; Text, with Latin Translations and Notes Bion and Moschus, Idylliums, translated by Fawkes ; Anderson’s British Poets, Vol. 13, Chalmers’ Poets, Vol. 20 Demosthenes, Opera: Text, with Latin Notes Demosthenes, Oration on the Crown ; Translated by Biddle Demosthenes, Select Private Orations ; Edited by Paley and Sandys Demosthenes, Select Speeches ; Translated by Kennedy . . Euripides, Heraclidse et Medea ; Text, and Latin Notes by Elmsley Euripides, Phoenissse ; Text, and Translated Notes of Porson Euripides, Tragedies ; Translated by Potter Euripides ; Text, with English Commentary, by Potter . . Herodotus, Dictionarium Ionicum Herodotus, Historia ; Text, with Latin Notes by Reizius.. Herodotus ; Rawlinson and Wilkinson Homer, Hymns, Iliad and Odyssey ; Library of Old Authors, Trans- lated by Chapman Homer, F ragment of Iliad , from a Syriac PalimpsestXBritish Museum) Homer, Iliad ; Translated by the Earl of Derby.. Homer, Iliad ; Translated by Meri vale .. Homer, Iliad ; Translated by Pope (Birmingham Printed) Homer, Iliad ; Translated into English Hexameters, by Simcox . . Homer, Iliad and Odyssey, Compositions from, by Flaxman Homer, Iliad and Odyssey, Translations by Pope ; Anderson’s British Poets Vol. 12, Chalmers’ Poets Vol. 10, Johnson’s Poets, Vol. 48-51 Homer, Iliads and Odysses of, Translated ; Works of T. Hobbes, Vol. 10 Homer, Odyssey ; done into English Prose, by Butcher and Lang . . Homer, Odyssey ; Edited by Merry and Riddell Homer, and the Homeric Age, by Gladstone Homer, Concordance to the Iliad, by Prendergast Homeric Dictionary, by Autenrieth ; Translated by Keep Homeric Synchronism, by Gladstone . . Longus, Pastoralia de Daphne et Chloe Musaeus, Hero et Leander ; Text, with Latin Translation and Notes Musaeus, Translated by Fawkes ; Anderson’s British Poets Vol. 13, Chalmers’ Poets, Vol 20 Pindar, Olympia, Pythia, &c. ; Greek and Latin, Parallel Texts . . Pindar, Olympian and Pythian Odes ; with Notes by Fennell Pindar, Odes ; Anderson’s British Poets Vol. 12, Chalmers' Poets Vol. 13, Johnson’s Poets, Vol. 57 Plato, Apology of ; Text, with English Notes, by Riddell Plato, Dialogues ot ; Translated by Jowett Plato, Parmenides ; cura Stallbaumi Plato, Phaedo ; Text, with Latin Notes by Stallbaum Plato, Phaedo ; Translated by Cope Plato, Protagoras ; Text, with English Notes by Wayte . . Plato, Opera ; Edidit Grynaeus . . •• 4 8vo 8810 1 8vo 1812 2 duo 1877-8 2 8vo 1866 1 duo 1879 1 duo 1877 1 8vo 1879 1 8vo 1877 1 duo 1881 2 duo 1877 1 8vo 1582 1 duo 1876 1 duo 1878 3 8vo 1879 1 fol 71482 11 8vo 1837 2 8vo 1872 1 8vo 1864 2 8vo 1814 1 duo 1746 q 8vo 1846-51 1 duo 1881 2 duo 1875 1 8vo 1841 1 8vo 1828 1 8vo 1837 2 8vo 1823 2 8vo 1823 1 8vo 1810 2 8 vo 1808 4 8vo 1854-60 5 duo 1858-74 1 4to 1851 2 8vo 1864 2 8vo 1869 1 duo 1805 1 8vo 1865 2 fol 1870-8 1 8 vo 1844 1 duo 1881 1 8vo 1876 3 8vo 1858 1 4to 1875 1 duo 1881 1 duo 1876 1 4to 1786 1 8vo 1 737 1 duo 1567 1 duo 1879 1 8vo 1877 5 8vo 1875 1 8vo 1839 1 8vo 1833 1 8vo 1875 1 8vo 1854 1 fol 1551 APPENDIX. v. Number. 72980 Plato, Opera Omnia ; cum Commentariis Stallbaumi 71034 Plato, Works ; Translated by Sydenham and Taylor 21116 Plato and Philo Judaeus, Trinity of, by Morgan . . 19712 Plato and the other Companions of Sokrates, by Grote 74x16 Platonic Dialogues for English Readers ; by Whewell 46288 Polybius, General History ; Translated by Hampton 8826 Sophocles, Electra ; Text, with English Notes by Mitchell 8824 Sophocles, CEdipus Coloneus ; Text, with Wunder’s Notes in English . . 8823 Sophocles, (Edipus Rex ; Text, with Wunder’s Notes English 8825 Sophocles, GEdipus Tyrannus et (Edipus Coloneus ; Text with Latin Notes by Elmsley 755 67 Sophocles, (Edipus Tyrannus ; with English Translation by Jebb. 58990 Sophocles, Tragoediae Superstites ; Linwood, Editio tertia 6933 Sophocles, Tragedies ; Translated by Potter 41045 Thucydides; with Notes by Arnold 71931 Thucydides, “Grecian War,” Translated; Works of T. Hobbes Vols. 8, 9 9118 Xenophon, Institutio Cyri ; Text, with Latin Notes by Hutchinson 9048 Xenophon, Institution and Life of Cyrus ; Translated by Holland. No. of Vols. Size. Date 9 8vo 1828-41 4to 1804 duo 1853 8vo 1867 duo 1860-1 4to 1772 8vo 8 vo 1843 1852 8vo 1851 1825 1883 1846 1819 8vo 8vo 8vo 8vo 3 8vo 1847-54 2 8vo 1843 4to fol 1727 1632 Latin Authors, SETS. Bibliotheca Classjca. Edited by Long and Macleane. Latin Text, with English Notes by Paley, Blades, Conington, etc. 11803 Cicero, Orationes. 4 vols. 1 1816 Horatius, Opera Omnia 11817 Juvenalis et Persius, Satirse 11821 Tacitus, Annales. 11822 Terentius, Comoediae 11823 Vergilius, Opera, 3 vols. 3084 Corpus Poetarum Latinorum . . . . . . . . Catullus Lucretius Virgilius Tibullus Propertius- O vidius Horatius Phsedrus Lucanus Persius Juvenalis Martialis Sulpicia Statius Silius Italicus Valerius Flaccus Calpurnius Siculus Ausonius Claudianus Supplementum in Virgilium iioio Auctores Classici in usum Delphini cum Notis Variorum. Apuleius, Metamorphoseon, De Deo Socratis, De Dogrnate Platonis, etc. Aulus Gellius, Noctes Atticae Aurelius Victor, Historia Romana Ausonius, Opera Omnia, Epigrammata, Ephemeris, Parentalia, etc. Boethius, De Consolatione Philosophiae Caesar, De Bello Gallico, De Bello Civili, etc. Catullus, Opera Omnia Cicero, Libri Rhetorici, Orationes, Opera Philosophica. Clavis Ciceroni Claudianus, Opera Omnia . . Cornelius Ne£>os, Vitae Excellentium Imperatorum Dictys Cretensis et Dares Phrygius, De liello Trojano Eutropius, Breviariunx Historiae Romanae Florus, Epitome Rerum Romanarum Horatius, Carmina, De Arte Poetica, etc. Justinus, Historiae Philippicae Juvenalis, Opera Omnia Livius, Historiae .. Lucretius, De Rerum Natura Manilius, Astronomicon Martialis, Epigrammata Ovidius, Opera Omnia Panegyrici Veteres, Plinius Secundus, Eumenius, Ma Paterculus, Historia Romana Persius, Satirae Svo 1859 8vo 1878 5 vols. 4 » 9 „ 5 vols. VI. APPENDIX. No of Vols. Size. Date Number. . .. , Auctores Classici, &c. — Continued . Phaedrus, Fabulae jEsopiae Plautus, Comoediae.. .. Plinius, Historia Naturalis .. •• . Pompeius Festus, De Verborum Sigmficatione Propertius, Opera Omnia Prudentius, Opera Omnia . . • • • • Quintus Curtius, De rebus Gestis Alexandn Magm Sallustius, Opera Omnia Statius., Opera Omnia Suetonius, Opera Omnia Tacitus, Opera Omnia Terentius, Comoediae Tibullus, Elegiae, Carmina, etc. Valerius Maximus, Memorabilia Virgilius, ^Eneis, Bucolica, Georgica . . . 3761 Collection des Auteurs Latins, avec la traduction en FranQais ^ (Nisard) .. •• •• * ** '* 5 * Cicero. _ . „ Celsus, Vitruvius, Censormus, t rontinus. CorneUias^k' epos^Qifino^ Curtius, Justinus, Valerius Maximus, Julius Hora S tius, e juvenalis, Persius, Sulpicius, Catullus, Propertius, Tibullus, Callus, Maximianus, Phaedrus, Syrus. Livius. . Lucanus, Silius Italicus, Claudianus. Lucretius, Virgilius, Valerius Flaccus. Macrobius, Varro, Pomponius Mela. Ovidius. Petronius, Apuleius, Aulus Gellius. Plautus, Terentius, Seneca. SjXlSS Rutilius, Gratius, Faliscus, Nemesianus, Calpurmus. Sallustius, Caesar, Paterculus, Florus. Suetonius, Spartianus, Capitolinus, Gallicanus, Pollio, Flavius, Eutropius, Sextus Rufus. 23. Tacitus. , . , Pitt Press Series. Latin Text, with English Notes, by Reid, Heitland, Cowie, Sidgwick, etc. Caesar, De Bello Gallico, Cicero, Cato Major, de Senectute. Cicero, Laelius, de Amicitia. . . Cicero, In Caecilium, Divinatio, et in Verrem actio pnma. Cicero’, In Gaium Verrem actio prima. Cicero, Pro Milone. Cicero, Pro Murena. Cicero, Pro Licinio Archia Poeta. Cicero, Pro Balbo. Lucan, Pharsalia. Quintus Curtius, Alexander in India 08 Veroilius, .Eneidos Libri VI., VII. , VIII., etX., XI., XII. 5 Weale’s’Classical Series ; Latin Text, with English Notes by Leary, Young, Davies, etc. Latin Delectus. Caesar, De Bello Gallico, Cornelius Nepos. . » . Virgilius, Bucolica et Georgica, Eneis. Horatius, Carmina. Satirae, Epistolae, Ars Poetica. Adelphi, Hecyra, et Photmio, Cice U ro“ C pro'Roscio, in Catilinam, in Verrem, pro Archia Poeta, Cato Major, Laelius et Brutus. l 6 ')g. Catullusj^ Tibuhais , Propertius, ^t^vidius, Excerpta e Carminibus. 1 to 5. 6 . io-ii 12. i3- 14. 15 - 16. *7- 18. 19. 20 . 21150 duo 1879, & c. 21-23. 25 - 24. 26. 3 1 * 29. 3°- 28. 27. 3 2 - 33- 34- 35‘3?- . 3- 4 - 5 * 6-7. 8 . Q-II. APPENDIX. VII. No. of Number. Vols. Size. Date 20. Excerpta Latina e Scriptoribus Romanis, Seneca, Quintilian, Florus, Pater- culus, etc. 21. Juvenalis, Satirae. Translations: — 11581 Ammianus Marcellinus. 11584 Apuleius. 11596 Caesar. 11595 Catullus. 11 597 Cicero, 8 vols. 11618 Cornelius Nepos. 11618 Eutropius. 11630 Florus. ii577 Horace. 11618 Justin. 11619 Juvenal. 11620 Livy, 4 vols. 11624 Lucan. 11619 Lucilius. 11625 Lucretius. 11583 Martial. 11627 Ovid, 3 vols. 11619 Persius. 11656 Phaedrus. 11638 Plautus, 2 vols. 11641 Pliny, 6 vols. 11640 Pliny Secundus. 11647 Quintilian, 2 vols. 11630 Sallust. "653 Suetonius. 11619 Sulpicia. 11654 Tacitus, 2 vols. 11656 Terence. "595 Tibullus. 11630 Velleius Paterculus. 11580 Virgil. MISCELLANEOUS EDITIONS OF AND WORKS RELATING TO. 62541 58863 32458 402 1 1 1923 8860 75562 55669 21082 59379 8846 4418 53454 59441 75560 46224 8847 39i4 46221 8868 30192 25378 53699 11839 56103 11840 56181 65004 Caesar, Commentaries ; with Translation by Hamilton Caesar, Commentaries ; Translated by Edmonds Caesar, A Sketch, by Froude Caesar, History of Julius Caesar, by Napoleon III. Catullus, Tibullus, Propertius, Opera (Printed by Baskerville) Catullus, Tibullus, Propertius, Opera ; . . Catullus, Commentary on, by Ellis Cicero, Cato Major ; Translated by Franklin Cicero, De Natura Deorum ; with Commentary by Mayor Cicero, De Officiis, De Amicitia et de Senectute Cicero, De Officiis ; Text, with English Notes by Holden Cicero, Epistolae ; Latin Text and Notes Cicero, Letters : with Remarks by Melnoth Cicero, Letters and Life, by Middleton and others Cicero, Select Letters, by Watson Cicero, Orations; Text, Translation and Notes, by Duncan Cicero, in Verrem ; Text, and Notes by Pedianus .. Cicero, Life of, by Hollings ; Family Library Vol. 14 Cicero, Life of, by Middleton Cornelius Nepos, Opera ; Flcrus ; Opera (Printed by Baskerville) Florus ; Opera (Printed by Baskerville) Horace, Epistles ; Translated into English verse. Birmingham Printed . . . . . . . . . . . . Horace, Odes and Carmen Saeculare ; Translated into English Verse by Conington Horace, Satires, Epistles, and Art of Poetry ; Text and Translation in Parallel Columns . . Horace, _ Satires, Epistles, and Art of Poetry; Translated into English Verse by Conington . . Horace, Opera ; Juxta Editiones Rutgersianam et Cantabrigiensem Horace, Opera (Printed by Baskerville) duo 1829 fol 1677 8vo 1879 8vo ? i 862 4to 1772 duo 8 vo 8vo 8vo 4to 8vo 4to 8vo 8vo 8vo 8vo 8 vo duo 8vo duo 4to duo 1822 1876 3:778 1880 1796 1854 1480 1804 1840 1881 1816 1840 1839 1804 1642 1773 1774 duo 1812 duo 1877 duo 1783 duo duo 4to 1874 1702 '77 0 593 So 3879 734S9 75564 21120 56 lOO 62326 7061I 75565 8857 56184 2204 5885 56676 77404 75568 57816 3830 8869 75566 21032 8848 56l83 52956 75569 15949 26664 43745 2377 1923 8859 52994 3 OI 9 2 25378 59755 5938 i 8856 56098 32344 56182 8861 2205 5884 8858 1923 8867 56124 26980 21196 59657 5489 56090 21110 6437 Horace, Opera (typis Bodoni) .. .. .. Horace, Works ; Translated by Francis ; Chalmers’ Poets, Vol. 19.. Horace, Works ; Translated into English Verse, with Life and Notes, by Martin Horace, Works ; with Commentary by Wickham, Vol. 1 .. Justinian, Institutes ; Translated by Abdy and Walker .. Juvenal et Persius, Satyrae ; cum veteris Scholiastae et variorum Commentariis Juvenal et Persius, Satyrae (Printed by Baskerville) Juvenal; with Commentary by Mayor .. Juvenal, Satires Translated, by Dryden ; Anderson’s British Poets, Vol. 12, Chalmers’ Poets, Vol. 19 Livy, Book 1 ; with Notes by Seeley Lucan, Pharsalia ; Text, and Notes by Farnabius Lucretius, De Rerum Natura Lucretius, De Rerum Natura (Printed by Baskerville) . Lucretius, De Rerum Natura (Printed by Baskerville) .. Lucretius, Nature of Things ; Translated by Creech Lucretius, de Rerum Natura, Text ; translation and notes by Munro Martial, Epigrammata Selecta; with English Notes by Paley & Stone Ovid, Fasti; Textum recensuit Thompson, Birminghamiae Ovid, Metamorphoses, translated by Garth an.d others ; Chalmers’ Poets, Vol. 20 Paterculus, Historise Romanae ; . . Persius, Satires of, by Conington ; Edited by Nettleship .. Persius, Satires, translated bv Dryden ; Anderson’s British Poets, Vol. 12 .. .. .. .. .. ... PI mtus, Aulularia ; Text, with English Notes by Hildyard Plautus, Comoediae Plautus, Menaechmei ; Text with Notes Edited by Hildyard Pliny, Naturall Historie ; Translated by Holland Pliny the Younger, Select Letters of ; with English Notes by Church and Brodribb .. .. ... Plutarch’s Lives, translated by North .. .. Plutarch’s Lives, Dryden’s Translation, revised by Clough Plutarch’s Lives, edited by Langhorne Propertius ; Opera (Printed by Baskerville) . . . . Quintus Curtius, De Rebus Gestis Alexandri Magni ; Quintus Curtius, Alexander the Great; Translated with Notes by Pratt Sallustius et Florus (Printed by Baskerville) Sallustius et Florus (Printed by Baskerville) Sallustius, Opera (typis Barbon) Sallustius, Opera ; Pickering .. .. .. Seneca, Tragoedise ; Text, with Notes by Farnabius Tacitus, Germania et Agricola ; Edited by Pelham Tacitus, Germania ; Edited by Latham Terentius, Comoediae; ex Recensione Heinsiana .. Terentius, Comoediae ; Text Terentius, Comoediae ; Text (Printed by Baskerville) Terentius, Comoediae ; Text (Printed by Baskerville) Terence, Comedies ; made English by Echard Tibullus; Opera (Printed by Baskerville) Valerius Maximus, Memorabilia Virgil, iEneid ; Translated into blank verse by Beresford .'. Virgil, ./Eneid, tranlated by Pitt ; Anderson’s British Poets, vol. 12. Chalmers’ Poets, vol. 19. Johnson’s Poets, vol. 53 .. * Virgil, iEneis ; First Four Books by Stanyhurst, 1582. English Scholars’ Library, vol. 10 Virgil, Opera ; Cum Observationibus Emmenessii Virgil, Opera ; Codex Antiqvissimvs In Bibliotheca Mediceo- Lavrentiana adservatvs Virgil, Opera ; 'Text (Printed by Baskerville) Virgil, Opera; Text, with Latin Notes, Edited by Heyne Virgil, Opera ; cum Commentaiio edidit Kennedy Virgil, Works, translated by Dryden : Anderson’s British Poets, vol. 12. Chalmers’ Poets, vol. 19. Johnson’s Poets, vols. 22, 23, 24 Virgil, Works ; Translated into Verse by Kennedy I 4to 1793 1 8vo 18x0 2 8vo 1881 I 8vo 1877 I duo 1876 I duo 1684 I 4to 1761 2 duo : 1880-1 1 8 vo 1881 1 duo 1618 1 duo 1631 X 4 to 1772 1 duo 1773 2 duo 1714 2 8 vo 18 66 1 8 vo 1881 1 duo 1840 1 8 vo 1810 1 duo 1620 1 8 vo 1874 1 8 vo 1795 1 8 vo 1839 1 duo 1601 1 8 vo 1836 2 fol i 6 dx 1 8 vo 1882 1 fol 1595 1 fob 1603 5 8 vo 1874 6 8 vo 1819 1 4 to 1772 1 duo 1826 2 8 vo 1821 1 4-tO 1773 1 duo 1774 1 duo 1774 1 4 to 1864 1 duo 1675 1 8 v,o 1809 1 8 yo 1851 1 duo ?i6i8 1 duo 1744 1 4 to 1772 1 duo 1772 1 duo 1718 X 4 to 1772 1 duo 1671 1 4 to 179 / 1 4to l88r 3 8vo 1680 1 4to 1 74 T 1 4to 17 57 4 duo 3 [787-3 1 duo 187- 2 8vo 184